Newington is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States. Located  south of downtown Hartford, Newington is an older, mainly residential suburb located in Greater Hartford. As of 2023, the population is 30,527. The Connecticut Department of Transportation has its headquarters in Newington.

Newington is home to Mill Pond Falls, near the center of town.  It is celebrated each fall during the Waterfall Festival.

The American Radio Relay League is headquartered in Newington, with a call sign of W1AW.

History
Newington has a history of nearly 375 years. While not established officially as a separate town until 1871, settlers from nearby Wethersfield took up residence on the western frontier of their riverside town in 1636. "West Society," as some called it, was an area rich in timber that was used for pipe staves, barrel-sized containers used for colonial trade. Grand pastures also made the land ideal for herding and grazing cattle. Its inhabitants received land grants from Wethersfield leaders. Known as "West Farms," the area west of the central portion of Wethersfield became settled by those who were almost exclusively the descendants of the earliest Wethersfield settlers. In 1721, the "western" farmers requested that the General Assembly of the Connecticut Colony give their land the name "Newington" to denote "the new town in the meadow." The Assembly granted the request, even though it took another 150 years before Newington officially became an incorporated town. The town's name predates its official existence.

Newington's motto inscribed on its town seal is "growth and progress," which it began putting into effect at the end of the eighteenth century. In 1798, the precursor to the Berlin Turnpike was authorized and it changed the complexion of the land by dividing the vast farmlands from the commercial center. Originally called the Hartford and New Haven Turnpike, the route attracted a number of businesses from north to south between Hartford and New Haven.

The town came into its own at the start of the nineteenth century. Its location in the center of Connecticut attracted an increasing number of residents and commercial enterprises. Veteran of the War of 1812 Levi Lusk established one of the first businesses on the Turnpike, a tavern that stood as a precursor to the many motels, bars, stores, and restaurants that would come later. Railroads passed through Newington as early as the 1830s, which accelerated residential and commercial expansion. More homes were built and businesses established as the nineteenth century unfolded.

Newington grew in population and area by the second half of the nineteenth century. Wethersfield had done likewise, and two population centers were produced as a result. One centered on Wethersfield's inner village still closely tied to the Connecticut River; the other in Newington had developed its own identity distinct from its mother town.

An 1869 map of Newington shows that the town was divided into four districts—the North, the Middle, the South, and the South-east—that ran from east to west. From north to south, four main roads traversed the four districts starting from the West Hartford line extending all the way to the Berlin line to the south. Later the roads would be called the Berlin Turnpike, Main Street, Willard Avenue, and Church Street. The town extended four miles in a north-south direction and three miles in an east-west direction.

Incorporation and the Modern Era

In 1871, Newington had a population of 871 people with 132 dwellings, and roughly 130 farms, a substantial increase from the start of the nineteenth century. When Wethersfield town leaders refused to fund highway improvements for better access to the railroads, the town formally declared its independence on July 10.

Newington's incorporation coincided with the emergence of the modern era. John Fish's Store, in the center of town off Willard Street (later Willard Avenue), got the town's first telephone in 1883. The trolley began service in Newington in 1894 and connected Hartford and New Britain. The ride from Newington to the city took 20 minutes and cost five cents. Not only did residents marvel at the invention, but took note of its revolutionizing force; it was now possible to live in Newington and to work in surrounding cities. Farms still comprised the bulk of Newington land, but the road to the world of suburbia was being paved.

The trolley spurred more population growth. Newington had only 1,000 people living in it at the start of the twentieth century, but the number reached 4,000 by 1930. At first, Anglos moved to the town from Hartford and New Britain as foreign-born Poles, Italians, and Irish settled in those cities.

Automobiles, the most visible sign of technological progress, encouraged more immigration and did away with many farms. In the 1930s, Newington's political leaders facilitated this change by paving dirt roads, despite the Great Depression which ground much business activity to a halt. Cars as well as the bus system replaced the trolley service in 1937.

Modernization, to Newington, meant more than just trolleys, automobiles, and buses. Using government as an instrument of social improvement, in the spirit of the Progressives, reflected advancement in the early decades of the twentieth century. In 1898 Newington's Virginia Thrall Smith had appealed to the town's political leaders to build an asylum in Newington for the purpose of caring for neglected children. Overwhelmingly the town approved the request after Smith purchased land at the foot of Cedar Mountain in the town's eastern portion. Initially, it had been called the Home for Incurables, but in 1968 would be renamed The Newington Children's Hospital. Three other hospitals were built in town in the early twentieth century contemporaneous with the rise of Progressivism, including the 1911 establishment of Connecticut's first tuberculosis sanitarium on Cedar Mountain.

By the 1940s, Newington experienced the same level of expansion and population growth that other towns around the state had. The Hartford/New Haven Turnpike was renamed the Berlin Turnpike in 1942, and the road was widened from  to  the same year, a clear indication that this part of Newington had become vital to the town's commercial life. Mill Pond, in the western part of town, remained an attraction for residents; its 16-foot natural waterfall remains the smallest in the United States, and is depicted on the town seal. But the lifeblood of the community by mid century had shifted away from the area and toward the Turnpike, now known as "gasoline alley" because of the vast number of gas stations there.

Newington's population grew from 5,449 in 1940 to 9,110 in 1950. Along with North Haven, this increase constituted the fastest in the state. By the last decades of the twentieth century, the town's manufacturing base had begun to face dramatic challenges. Newington became the victim of the dwindling defense industry, while at the same time its own businesses such as the Torrington Company, a manufacturer of automobile parts, solvents, and surgical staplers and Loctite, a specialty adhesives maker, left town in the mid-1990s. The building of Interstate 91 and Interstate 84 earlier in the century had affected Newington businesses adversely by making other cities and towns more attractive to industry and but for the success of shopping centers, condominium development, and the continued commercial activity of the Berlin Turnpike, Newington might have seen a sharper economic decline as the twentieth century came to an end.

Newington's population had increased to 29,701 in 2009 and was projected to surpass 30,000 by 2013. The town remained mostly residential with the exception of the Berlin Turnpike, which witnessed a renewed proliferation of commercial enterprises. Reflecting the conspicuous nature of technological advancement, the Turnpike, by the start of the new century, saw the replacement of small businesses with new and larger chain stores.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of . None of the area is covered with water, except for two small ponds, found in the town's largest parks, and various small streams. The town of Newington is bordered by the capital city of Hartford to the north, as well as the suburbs of (clockwise from Hartford) Wethersfield, Rocky Hill, Berlin, New Britain, Farmington, and West Hartford. The town consists mostly of residential areas, although it is also home to the Berlin Turnpike, a large, commercial highway.

Mill Pond Falls
The town seal depicts Mill Pond Falls, named for a sawmill that was built there in 1860.  The  high falls, located in central Newington at Mill Pond Park, is the smallest natural waterfall in the country. A walking path that encircles Mill Pond includes a footbridge which crosses over the waterfall. There is also an observation area with benches at the base of the falls. The park is popular with local residents as a place to walk dogs, ice skate, jog, and picnic; it also hosts the occasional wedding party and festivals. It is open year-round.

Starting in 2000, the Newington Waterfall Committee has celebrated the famed waterfall through the Waterfall Festival, held every September in the center of town. The festival features over 72 vendors and local music groups, as well as the "Artist's Chalk Walk" in which artists of all ages compete to create the best chalk drawing while passersby attend the festival.  On April 17, 2010, the Newington Waterfall Committee agreed to plant a Crimson Maple dubbed the "Thankful Tree" at the falls, giving Newington residents the chance to write on tags what they are thankful for.

Newington Junction
Newington Junction is a section of town centered at the intersection of Willard Avenue and West Hill Road. It contains three historic districts and the Newington Junction Railroad Depot.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 30,562 people, 13,011 households, and 8,253 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,310/sq mi. There were 12,699 housing units at an average density of 930.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 86.5% White, 3.5% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 5.7% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.20% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. 7.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13,011 households, out of which 19.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 2.97.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 19, 5% from 20 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 29.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $75,237, and the median income for a family was $79,792. Males had a median income of $43,475 versus $35,601 for females. The per capita income for the town was $33,745. 3.5% of the population and 4.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 3.7% of those under the age of 18 and 3.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The median home value was $235,300.

Government

Newington received its Charter from the State of Connecticut in 1871 and is currently governed under the Council-Manager form of government, a system that combines the policy leadership of elected officials in the form of a Town Council, with the professional, managerial, and leadership expertise of an appointed Town Manager. The Town Council is the legislative body for the Town of Newington, and nine members are elected to serve two year terms. The Town Council meets on the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month.

The Mayor, elected separately, is a member and presiding official of the Council with the power to vote. Recognized as the official head of the Town for ceremonial and military purposes, the Mayor has the authority to appoint the Town Attorney, Director of Health and Clerk of the Council.

State Government
The Connecticut Department of Transportation has its headquarters in Newington. The United States Postal Service operates the Newington Post Office.

Transportation

Railroad

Although Amtrak does not currently serve Newington directly, the town center is located approximately  south of Hartford's Union Station. Additionally, Newington is a planned stop along the Hartford Line, a proposed commuter rail service from New Haven to Springfield that will use existing tracks, with a possible shuttle bus connection in Windsor Locks for Bradley International Airport. As of December 2015, funding has been secured to finance the construction of the new line, with service scheduled to begin in early 2018. The State of Connecticut has secured funding for restoration of the Newington Junction Railroad Depot, a passenger rail station located off Willard Avenue (CT-173) in the Newington Junction neighborhood. Although the first train station was built on the site in 1850, rail service was discontinued in 1959.

Bus rapid transit
In March 2015, CTfastrak, Connecticut's first bus rapid transit corridor opened, providing a separated right-of-way between Hartford and New Britain with a stop at Newington Junction.  The station consists of two side platforms serving the busway, with two center passing lanes to allow express buses to pass buses stopped at the station. It opened with the line on March 28, 2015.

Buses
Newington is served by a few bus routes operated by Connecticut Transit, including the 69, 41, 47 and 45. Additionally, the 907 Newington Express provides express service to downtown Hartford.

Education
Newington Public Schools operates public schools in Newington CT.

There are seven public schools in Newington. There are four elementary schools, which teach kindergarten through fourth grade. Children attend the elementary school which is located in the district in which they reside. The names of the elementary schools are Elizabeth Green, Anna Reynolds, John Paterson, and Ruth Chaffee. There are also two middle schools in town, Martin Kellogg and John Wallace, which teach grades five through eight. Newington High School is attended by graduates of both middle schools and teaches grades nine through twelve.

Private schools in Newington include Emmanuel Christian Academy (Connecticut), which teaches Kindergarten through Grade 6.

The Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium is located in Newington.

Newington High School

Founded in the early 1930s, Newington High School moved to a new building in the 1950s, and to a further location at 605 Willard Avenue in the 1970s. The former 1950s Newington Senior High School was renovated and is now used as the Town Hall and the Police Department. Alumni include Grace Lenczyk, 1948 U.S. Women's Amateur Golf Champion, Canadian Women's Open Amateur Champion and National Intercollegiate Women's Champion, Karl Swanke, an offensive lineman in the NFL for the Green Bay Packers (1980–1986), Barry Scott, nationally syndicated radio host and Bill Rodgers, a four-time winner of the Boston Marathon (1975, 1978–1980).

Other schools
The Japanese School of Greater Hartford, a Japanese weekend educational program, holds its classes in the Saint Mary School in Newington.

Emergency services
Newington is served by the Connecticut State Police, the local municipal police, and the United States Department of Veterans' Affairs Police Department.  The municipal police department consists of 52 full-time sworn officers, who also act as the town's first responders for medical emergencies. All officers have gone through first responder training once more to implement the use of new automatic external defibrillators that will be carried in their vehicles.

The town has an incorporated volunteer ambulance service, that provides basic life support and transport services Monday through Friday from 6:00 pm – 6:00 am and weekends 24 hours. Advanced life support and transport during all other times is provided by American Medical Response. With this system the taxpayers get charged one bill sent by the volunteer ambulance with the Advance Life Support charge included. This system is used by several surrounding towns in the Greater Hartford Area.

The town is served by a fire department that is 100% volunteer and was founded in 1917.  Besides the school system, it is the only part of town government that is not under the control of the Town Council or Town Manager.  The volunteer fire department is run by an elected board of three fire commissioners, which appoints the fire marshal, the chief, and all officers. A study was undertaken during the administration of former town manager Paul Fetherston that recommended eliminating the board of fire commissioners and placing the department under the control of the town manager.  During the 2008 round of Charter Revision, both the immediate past mayor (Mortenson) and current town manager (Salomone) brought up the topic of the fire services organizational structure.

Library
The town is served by the Lucy Robbins Welles Library on Cedar Street.  The library opened in 1939 with money and land provided by prominent local sisters Fanny A. Welles and Mary Welles Eddy.  The library is named for their mother.  In 1988, the library received a major renovation that updated and expanded the building while preserving much of the original edifice.  Today, the library holds over 167,000 items.  The library exceeds the national average in books per capita (5.6 books vs. 2.8 national), visits per capita (7.2 visits vs. 4.9 national), and books borrowed per person (12.5 books vs. 7.4 national).

Notable locations

Gen. Martin Kellogg House, built in 1808 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987
The National Iwo Jima Memorial, located on Ella Grasso Boulevard on the Newington and New Britain town line
The Newington Junction North, South, and West Historic Districts
Newington Junction Railroad Depot, built in 1870 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986
Willard Homestead (Newington, Connecticut), built in 1730 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986
Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station (amateur radio station W1AW), on the grounds of the American Radio Relay League, built in 1938.

Notable people

 Amy Archer-Gilligan (1873–1962), nursing home proprietor and serial killer who ran a home for the elderly in town from 1904 to 1907
 Ed Cody (1923–1994), NFL player for Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears from 1947 to 1950, born in Newington
 Austin Cornelius Dunham (1833–1918), businessman who developed farms in the town
 Melanie Fontana (born 1986), singer, composer and songwriter signed to Universal Music Group
 Richard P. Freeman (1869–1944), Spanish–American War veteran and US congressman, died in town
 Albert Magnoli (born 1953/1954), American film director, screenwriter and editor best known for helming the films Purple Rain, Tango & Cash, Street Knight, and American Anthem, and editing Reckless
 John Pezzenti (1952–2007), wildlife photographer born in town
 Lindy Remigino (born 1931), gold medalist (100 meters & 4 × 100 meters) 1952 Olympics
 Bill Rodgers (born 1947), attended Newington High School was a 4-time winner of the Boston Marathon (1975, 1978, 1979, 1980), also won New York City Marathon (1976–1980)
 Wilber G. Smith (1935–1992), state senator

References

External links

Town of Newington official website
Newington Public Schools official website
Introduction to Newington, CT

Towns in Hartford County, Connecticut
Towns in Connecticut
Populated places established in 1871
Greater Hartford
1871 establishments in Connecticut

Newington, Connecticut


Prince Karl Gero Albrecht Joseph Wilhelm Anton Maria of Urach, Count of Württemberg, 3rd Duke of Urach (19 August 1899 – 15 August 1981) was the head of the morganatic Urach branch of the House of Württemberg. He was also the second successor to the defunct Lithuanian throne upon the death of his uncrowned father, Lithuanian King-elect Mindaugas II.

Life
He was born in Lichtenstein, then part of the Kingdom of Württemberg, at his family's Lichtenstein Castle, being the second son of Duke Wilhelm of Urach and his first wife Duchess Amalie in Bavaria.

In 1917 he graduated from the Karls-Gymnasium school in Stuttgart. After graduation he served in the First World War as a lieutenant. He was heavily wounded in 1918. After the war Karl Gero von Urach studied architecture, and later worked as an architect in Munich.

In 1928, on his father's death, Karl Gero became the third Duke (Herzog) of Urach, as his elder brother Wilhelm had resolved to marry morganatically (he was a director at Mercedes Benz for most of his life, and had two daughters).

In 1935 he entered Wehrmacht and became a Hauptmann, and in 1940 was promoted to major. Until 1945 he was based at the local army headquarters at Tübingen and Ulm.

On 20 June 1940 Karl Gero von Urach married Countess Gabriele of Waldburg zu Zeil und Trauchburg (1910–2005). The marriage was childless. Karl Gero von Urach died at Lichtenstein Castle on 15 August 1981, and his nephew Karl Anselm succeeded to the Dukedom.

Ancestry

References
 Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart – Bestand GU 126 – Karl Gero Herzog von Urach (1899–1981)

External links
Website of the Urach family

1899 births
1981 deaths
People from Reutlingen (district)
Dukes of Urach
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
German Roman Catholics
Karl Gero
German Army personnel of World War I
German Army officers of World War II
Military personnel from Baden-Württemberg

Karl Gero, Duke of Urach


Peggy Pettitt (born February 8, 1950) is an American actress, dancer, teacher, playwright, and storyteller. Pettitt is best known for her role as Billie Jean in the 1972 family–drama film Black Girl, starring alongside Brock Peters and Claudia McNeil. Pettitt is a native of St. Louis, Missouri.

Playwright and storyteller
The centerpiece of Pettitt's theater career is a unique style of solo performance rooted in African-American storytelling. She developed this form to portray a spectrum of characters. Related by blood and circumstance, these characters shed light on the multifaceted history of African American men and women. And they tell "stories addressing important issues of our time." In collaboration with director Remy Tissier, she has created over 10 original full-length plays. These examine issues of domestic violence, sexual abuse, cross-generational differences, voting registration, the Civil Rights Movement, identity and the world HIV/Aids crisis. Titles include Women Preachers, Caught Between the Devil and The Deep Blue Sea, Tricksters: All Over You Like White On Rice, Wrapped Up, Tied Up and Tangled, Mollie Oil BETWIXT, Wild Steps and In The Spirit For Real.

One play was the product of her 2000-01 Fulbright Fellowship to Senegal: The Spirit Factor. An original play, it's based on the living history and the art of storytelling in West Africa. Another play, Voyage, was presented at the Avignon Off Festival in 2010. It explores American history through both the blues and a spiritual heritage that lives along the Mississippi River but originated in West Africa. Pettitt has presented her work at the Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Les Rencontres du Bout des Mondes International Festival in 2011 (French Guiana). In addition to the Fulbright Fellowship, she has received numerous other grants and awards. These include grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the New York Foundation for the Arts. Pearls of Wisdom is a storytelling ensemble of the Elders Share the Arts in N.Y. City. Pettitt is its founding artistic director, and with the Pearls of Wisdom, she was inducted in 2007 into City Lore's People's Hall of Fame.

Actress
In 1972, during the era of Blaxploitation movies, Pettitt starred in Black Girl, her first feature film. Pettitt was nominated for Best Actress by the NAACP for her role in Black Girl, written by J.E. Franklin (from her 1969 WGBH (Boston) teleplay and her 1971 play), and directed by Ossie Davis. Another of her noteworthy roles was at Lincoln Center as Miss Lindsey in Mule Bone, Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes' historical comedy.

Teacher
Pettitt has professional experience and training in directing and storytelling workshops. She teaches a step-by-step process of creating, writing and performing original material. Partnering with a wide array of organizations, she has helped scores of diverse groups present their own original stories as both theater and storytelling performances. She also works extensively with drama therapists, social workers and educators in public schools.

Both in the U.S. and abroad, Pettitt has worked at numerous schools and educational institutions. Her teaching experience extends to facilities such as homeless shelters, prisons, drug treatment centers, VA hospitals, and senior and adolescent centers. Additionally she has ample experience working with the emotionally and physically disabled and their families. She currently teaches self-scripting at New York University's Experimental Theatre Wing.

Biography
In 1974, after earning a BA from Antioch College, she moved to London on a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship. Pettitt now resides in New York City. She has been married since 1982 to writer, director and painter Rémy Tissier.

Awards and honors
 2008, Story gatherer for "Another River Flows" recipient of the Pennsylvania Human Relation Award
 2010, Voyage was presented at the Avignon, France Off Festival
 Nominated for an NAACP Image Award for role in Black Girl
 2007, Ms. Pettitt and the Pearls of Wisdom were inducted into New York City Lore's People's Hall of Fame
 Recipient of New York City's Arts In Education Roundtable Award for sustained achievement in theater
 Honored by the William Hodson Senior Center, The Roundtable Senior Center and Elders Share the Arts for "Commitment to the art of storytelling that transforms lives and communities"
 2011, Performance Space 122 founders and board pioneers Shining Star Award

In books
 Out of Character, Mark Russell, 1997
 Performing Democracy, Susan Chandler Haedicke, 2004
 Mapping Memories, Pam Schweitzer, 2004
 Local Acts, An International Anthology, Jan Cohen Cruz, 2005
 Ensemble Works, An Anthology, Ferdinand Lewis, 2005
 Reminiscence Theatre: Making Theatre from Memory, Pam Schweitzer, 2007
 Forget Memory: Creating Better Lives For People With Dementia, Ann Basting, 2009.

Notes

American female dancers
American dancers
1950 births
Living people
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
African-American actresses
American actresses
Watson Fellows
American storytellers
Women storytellers
20th-century American women writers
African-American women musicians
20th-century African-American women writers
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women

Peggy Pettitt


Carl Linnwood Beck (August 8, 1897 – April 16, 1963) was a professional football player from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. After attending high school, Beck attended the West Virginia University, Bucknell University and Lafayette College. He made his professional debut in the National Football League (NFL) in 1921 with the Buffalo All-Americans. He played for the All-Americans for 1 year, before leaving the NFL. He later returned to the NFL in 1925 as a star with both the Pottsville Maroons and the Frankford Yellow Jackets. To date, he is considered by sports writers to be one of the greatest running backs ever developed in Pennsylvania. When not playing football, Beck worked as a police officer for the Harrisburg Bureau of Police.

High school
Beck grew up in Allison Hill, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and attended Harrisburg Technical High School located on Walnut Street. In 1918 and 1919 Beck helped the Tech Maroons win back-to-back state championships in football. In 1919 Beck and the Maroons won the high school national championship. At halfback Beck score 34 touchdowns, many on long runs. Beck totaled an amazing 445 points in his three years of high school. He scored six touchdowns in each of three games, and five in four more. He returned four kickoffs for touchdowns. In one 1919 game, Beck scored four touchdowns in the first seven minutes.

NFL career
Professionally, he played in the American Professional Football Association, later known as the National Football League, for the Buffalo All-Americans for one season.

In 1922, the then-independent Pottsville Maroons attracted the sponsorship of several area businessmen. These men upgraded the club by luring talented pro players such as Benny Boynton, Stan Cofall and Beck to the team. In 1924 Beck helped the Maroons win the 1924 Anthracite League championship. This move placed Carl with his brother, Clarence, on the Maroons team. In 1925 the Maroons entered the NFL. That year Carl played on the Maroons team that won the 1925 NFL Championship, before it was stripped from the team due to a disputed rules violation.

In 1926 played for the Bethlehem Bears of the Eastern League of Professional Football. While with the Bears, Beck scored a touchdown in a game against Clifton Heights Black & Orange for a 10-0 Bears win. However, he and several other Bears players were mysteriously absent from the very next game against the Shenandoah Red Jackets. This move was supposedly a walk-out. As a result, manager, Gyp Downey, tried to ban all of the involved players from playing in the league. However, he withdrew his motion the very next week and the players returned to the team.

In a game against the Gilberton Catamounts Carl tackled Gilberton's halfback, future-Hall of Famer, Fritz Pollard, in the open field, to preserve a 9-0 win for the Bears. The Bethlehem would finish the season in second place.

Beck went on to receive first-team All-Eastern League honors in 1926. While he only scored two touchdowns, including one in non-league play, for the Bears, his strong running ability was a key component of the team's success.

References

1897 births
1963 deaths
Bucknell Bison football players
Buffalo All-Americans players
Lafayette Leopards football players
Players of American football from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Pottsville Maroons players
Pottsville Maroons (Anthracite League) players
West Virginia Mountaineers football players
American police officers

Carl Beck


Christopher Robinson (May 15, 1806 – October 3, 1889) was a United States representative from Rhode Island.

He was born in Providence on May 15, 1806 and graduated from Brown University in 1825.

He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1833. He commenced practice in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. He was elected Attorney General of Rhode Island in 1854.  He then was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-sixth Congress (March 4, 1859 – March 3, 1861).  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection.

He was appointed Minister to Peru from 1861–1866, and was a delegate from Rhode Island to the Loyalist Convention held in Philadelphia in 1866. He died in Woonsocket on October 3, 1889. His grave is in Oak Hill Cemetery.

Sources

1806 births
1889 deaths
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
Brown University alumni
19th-century American diplomats
Rhode Island Attorneys General
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Rhode Island
19th-century American politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to Peru

Christopher Robinson (Rhode Island politician)


Jeffrey Mylett (June 8, 1949 – May 7, 1986) was an American actor and songwriter. He was best known for his roles in both the stage and film productions of Godspell.

Personal life
Mylett was born in North Canton, Ohio. He attended Hoover High School and studied theater at Carnegie Mellon University.

He followed the spiritual teacher Meher Baba, and he appears in The God-Man, a documentary about Meher Baba produced for Australian television in 1976. In the documentary, Mylett is interviewed and performs his song, "House of the Lord."

Mylett died at the age of 36 in Los Angeles in 1986 as a result of complications of HIV/AIDS.

Theater, film, and television
He appeared in the original off-Broadway production of Godspell in 1971. During the musical's initial two-week run at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club, the show featured songs by cast members, including two songs by Mylett. A team of producers then transferred the show to commercial theaters and hired Stephen Schwartz to compose a new score. All the original songs were replaced, except for "By My Side" by Jay Hamburger and Peggy Gordon.

Mylett also appeared in Thoughts, written by Godspell castmate Lamar Alford, at La MaMa in 1972 and again in 1973. In 1974, he appeared in the Broadway musical The Magic Show, in which he was Doug Henning's understudy and played Henning's role while he was away. During Mylett's scheduled appearances in the show, the character's name was changed from "Doug" to "Jeff."

In early 1977, he participated in the workshop which created the musical Working. When the show premiered at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago and later on Broadway, the roles Mylett had developed in the workshop were performed by Joe Mantegna.

Mylett recreated his stage role in the 1973 film version of Godspell. He also appeared in the films Money Talks (1972), Brewster's Millions (1985), and My Man Adam (1985).

He hosted The Rock 'n' Fun Magic Show, a 1975 television special featuring music, magic, and comedy. The special featured appearances by Doug Henning, Bill Cosby, and the Hudson Brothers, among others. The series initially intended to follow this special was never produced.

References

External links

Mylett's page on La MaMa Archives Digital Collections

1949 births
1986 deaths
Followers of Meher Baba
Musicians from Canton, Ohio
AIDS-related deaths in California
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
20th-century American male actors
Actors from Canton, Ohio
People from North Canton, Ohio

Jeffrey Mylett


WGR (550 AM) is a commercial radio station licensed to serve Buffalo, New York. Owned by Audacy, Inc., its studios and offices are located on Corporate Parkway in Amherst, and the transmitter site—utilized by WGR and co-owned WWKB—is in Hamburg.

In addition to a standard analog transmission, WGR is relayed by WKSE's fourth HD subchannel, and is available online via Audacy.

Programming

WGR has a sports format. The station targets a key demographic of men 25 to 54 years old. It had the highest Nielsen Ratings of any station in the Buffalo market among that demographic as of autumn 2018.   Jeremy White hosts the morning-drive show, followed by The Extra Point Show with Sal Capaccio and Joe DiBiase while middays are split between two daily talk shows produced by Pegula Sports and Entertainment: Sabres Live with Brian Duff and Martin Biron, and One Bills Live with Chris Brown and Steve Tasker. Afternoons are hosted by Mike Schopp and Chris "Bulldog" Parker, while Zach Jones hosts The Nightcap in early evenings.CBS Sports Radio programming airs in late-night, overnights and on weekends. Both Sabres Live and One Bills Live are also carried on television through MSG Western New York.

WGR serves as the flagship outlet for: the professional football Buffalo Bills Radio Network, with John Murphy and Steve Tasker calling all games on-site; the professional Sabres Hockey Network, with Dan Dunleavy and Rob Ray calling games on-site; and the professional box lacrosse Buffalo Bandits, with John Gurtler and Randy Mearns calling games on-site. The MSG Network also uses this feed as the announcers for the game.

History

Early years

In early 1922, the Federal Telephone & Telegraph Company, headquartered in North Buffalo, began producing radio receivers. As part of its marketing efforts, the company decided to establish a local broadcasting station.

Effective December 1, 1921, the Department of Commerce, which regulated U.S. radio at this time, had adopted regulations formally defining "broadcasting stations". The wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz) was designated for entertainment broadcasts, while 485 meters (619 kHz) was reserved for broadcasting official weather and other government reports. On March 14 Federal Telephone & Telegraph was issued a license for Buffalo's first radio broadcasting station, with the randomly assigned call letters WGR, transmitting on both 360 and 485 meters. The March 28 issue of the Buffalo Evening News reported hearing test transmissions made by WGR the previous night. On April 1 it was announced that, starting that day, WGR would broadcast weather reports provided by the Department of Navigation on 485 meters each weekday at 12:30 and 6:00 p.m. In mid-April, WGR's regular broadcast schedule was reported to be musical programs sent on 360 meters on Tuesday and Thursday evenings and Sunday afternoons, plus daily weather and market reports on 485 meters.

WGR suspended regular operations while company employees worked on constructing a more powerful transmitter that could be easily heard by the crystal radios the company was selling. In May they were reported to be conducting test transmissions, initially as experimental station 8XAD. The debut for WGR's use of the upgraded transmitter was scheduled for May 21, an event that was described as the "formal opening of one of the largest and most powerful broadcasting stations in the east which may make Buffalo the ethereal center of this part of the country", because "The arrangements and furnishing of the station will be equal to that of any of the present stations of national fame."  The starting date coincided with the first day of "Radio Week" in Buffalo. The May 21 broadcast opened with prayer by Rev. Michael J. Ahren, president of Canisius College, followed by a talk by the dean of the University of Buffalo's college of arts and sciences, Julian Park, on the possibilities of education, Rev. F. Hyatt Smith, Kenmore Presbyterian Church speaking about the nature of "success", and Albert Kinsey, Chamber of Commerce president, reviewing the financial future of Buffalo. This was followed by entertainment by local artists.

In early 1923 WGR ended the government reports on 485 meters, although it continued making entertainment broadcasts on 360 meters. In September 1922 the Department of Commerce set aside a second entertainment wavelength, 400 meters (750 kHz) for "Class B" stations that had quality equipment and programming. In May 1923 additional "Class B" frequencies were made available, with 940 kHz reserved for "Zone 1", which was assigned to WGR later that year. Effective November 11, 1928, the recently formed Federal Radio Commission implemented its General Order 40, which divided transmitting frequencies into three categories: Clear Channel, Regional and Local. Most former Class B stations became clear channel stations, however WGR was moved to a regional frequency, 550 kHz, while the station previously at that frequency, WMAK, was reassigned to 900 kHz.
The August 1941 adoption of the Federal Communications Commission's "duopoly" rule restricted licensees from owning more than one radio station in a given market, and the Buffalo Broadcasting Company decided to divest WGR, while retaining WKBW. In late 1946, WGR was bought by a consortium of Western New York families known as the WGR Corporation.  This company signed on WGR-TV (channel 2) in 1953 and WGR-FM (now WGRF) in 1959.  WGR Corporation bought several other television and radio stations in the 1950s, and eventually became known as Transcontinent Broadcasting.  Transcontinent merged with Taft Broadcasting in 1964. Taft sold off WGR-TV in 1983.  Due to a current FCC rule that prohibited TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different owners, from sharing the same call letters, the TV station amended its call letters to WGRZ after it was sold. Taft retained both WGR and WGRQ (the former WGR-FM).

During its days as a full service radio station, WGR's roster of personalities included "Buffalo Bob" Smith, later famous for TV's Howdy Doody children's show, and popular national TV and nightclub comedian Foster Brooks. The station's longtime music format combined adult top 40 hits and rock oldies and featured some of Buffalo's top radio personalities, talk hosts and news reporters including Stan Roberts, Frank Benny, Tom Donahue, Randy Michaels, Jim Scott, Jerry Reo, Shane, Joe Galuski, Tom Langmyer, George Hamberger, Tom Shannon, John Otto, Chuck Lakefield, Don Dussias, Lauri Githens, Wayne Smith, Sandy Kozel, Jane Tomczak, Tom Bauerle (as well as his brother, Dick Bauerle), Craig Matthews. WGR gradually evolved to talk radio during the late 1980s.

In 1987, Taft sold WGR and WRLT (the former WGRQ) to Rich Communications, which was part of the Robert Rich family's business holdings, which also included a major processed-food company (and with it, naming rights for the Buffalo Bills stadium then (now called Highmark Stadium) and a venture applying for a National League expansion baseball franchise (for which WGR was projected to be flagship station of the team's projected network). Although the Rich interests were the National League's choice for the new franchise they dropped out of the competition for an expansion team set to begin play in 1993 (which ultimately went to Denver, Colorado, as the Colorado Rockies) for cost reasons. Soon after, WGR was eventually spun off to new owners.

The 1990s: News Radio 55
For much of the 1990s, WGR was a successful news/talk station, competing with WBEN AM 930. From 1990 to 1994, WGR owned the radio broadcast rights to Buffalo Bills football, Buffalo Sabres hockey and the Buffalo Bisons baseball. The Bills' four consecutive Super Bowl seasons were broadcast by WGR, whose Program Directors included Chuck Finney (1991–1993), Daryl Parks (1993–1995) and Jim Pastrick (1995–2000).

Through its news-talk era the WGR line-up featured a variety of programs such as Breakfast with Bauerle (Tom Bauerle), The Fabulous Sports Babe, Chuck Dickerson, Art Wander, Extension 55 with John Otto, Ron Dobson, John and Ken, Rick Emerson, Joey Reynolds, and several other local and national hosts. Syndicated talk radio host Leslie Marshall, controversial talk radio host J. R. Gach and future WFAN New York morning drive fixture Craig Carton also worked at the station. Jesse Ventura was at one time a candidate to host a show on the station, but lost out to Dobson. The station was, from the network's inception, an affiliate of ESPN Radio, which it carried on the weekends from 1992 to 2013.

In 1995, Rich Communications which owned both WGR and its FM counterpart WGRF, sold WGRF to Mercury Radio headed by Charles W. Banta. Simultaneously, Rich Communications entered into a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Keymarket Communications. The Federal Communications Commission approved the sale of WGR to Keymarket within twelve months of the LMA. Keymarket also owned WBEN, WMJQ, WWKB and WKSE. Keymarket merged with River City Broadcasting which was purchased by Sinclair Broadcast Group in 1997. Sinclair Broadcast Group sold its entire radio division to Entercom Communications in 1999. In February 2000, WGR changed formats from News-Talk to Sports-Talk.

Adoption of all sports format
In February 2000, WGR became an all-sports talk radio station. Bauerle, for a short time, was retained and paired with Chris "Bulldog" Parker, who joined from WBEN for the morning show. Chuck Dickerson maintained his afternoon drive show. Jim Rome, who was added to the WGR line-up in late summer 1998, was retained when WGR switched to all sports. Anne Burke, a frequent caller to the station's talk shows, joined Bob Gaughan to co-host middays. Mike Maniscalco and later Brad Riter hosted the evening shift.

From October 2000 to 2004, WGR competed with WNSA-FM, an FM station licensed to Wethersfield, New York, in rural Wyoming county (with a 107.3 translator in Buffalo). The two stations battled for listeners and the rights to broadcast sporting events. Several teams' broadcasts bounced between the two stations, such as the Bandits, New York Yankees, and Buffalo Destroyers.

WGR landed a coup when it signed WNSA's top afternoon host, Mike Schopp, from WNSA-FM in 2002; the event came at about the same time as when John Rigas and Adelphia Communications were beginning to collapse under massive financial scandal. WNSA never recovered and eventually WGR took the upper hand in the local sports radio battle. Schopp was at first teamed with Chuck Dickerson in afternoon drive. Dickerson, who had been particularly harsh against the Bills in what was believed to be revenge for being fired from his assistant coach position with the team a decade prior, was forced out in 2003 in an effort to make amends with the city's sports franchises and put them in better position to regain play-by-play rights; Schopp was teamed with Chris "Bulldog" Parker. Bauerle moved from WGR to sister station WBEN, Gaughan joined Kevin Sylvester in morning drive (Burke had been released long before this). Riter was paired with sidekick Jeremy White in the evening and lastly The Tony Kornheiser Show (from ESPN) was added in Gaughan and Burke's old time slot. (Kornheiser would later be replaced by Colin Cowherd by ESPN.)

With the purchase of WNSA, WGR re-joined the New York Yankees radio network and for the first time since 1996, regained the radio rights to the Buffalo Sabres. Howard Simon, also from WNSA, joined in November 2004, with White moving from evenings to mornings to be Simon's sidekick.

In 2006, the Sabres and WGR renewed their broadcast agreement through 2012, and Yankees rights were dropped by 2007. In 2007, host Brad Riter was fired after failing to report for work, and he joined rival WECK in March 2008.  A series of WGR staffers, as well as past and present Buffalo media personalities such as former WNSA and Empire host (and former KOHD-DT morning anchor) Jim Brinson and WIVB-TV sports director Dennis Williams, hosted the vacated slot. (WGR also tried to lure John Murphy, but because he was also at the time the radio host of the Bills, his contract prevented him from hosting the slot.) In January 2008, Williams was hired as the new evening host at WGR; WIVB declined to his contract shortly thereafter, and replaced him with Murphy.  Williams left the station in early 2009 to enter the sales industry. On January 4, 2012, it was announced that WGR would become the Buffalo Bills Radio Network flagship station. With the addition of Buffalo Bills broadcast rights going to WGR, the evening time slot was held by Bills announcer John Murphy.

WGR began a partial simulcast on Rochester sister station WROC in September 2008. Sabres games, Schopp and the Bulldog, and ESPN Radio were carried on WROC; Schopp and the Bulldog was dropped in 2011.

In 2012, WGR secured the rights to the Buffalo Bills Radio Network after previous owner WGRF decided against renewing their contract. As part of the deal, John Murphy began hosting a nightly talk show dedicated to the Bills on nights when the Sabres did not play. At the same time, Kevin Sylvester also returned to the station as the host of a daily Sabres-oriented talk show, Hockey Hotline, which last aired in 2004. WGR parent company Entercom moved the ESPN Radio affiliation to its own full-time affiliate, WWKB, in September 2013. CBS Sports Radio eventually filled the overnight time slots ESPN Radio had previously filled on WGR.

In 2016, the formation of MSG Western New York was announced. A regional sports channel for Western New York, the channel includes both Sabres and Bills programming. Two main WGR shows Sabres Hockey Hotline and The John Murphy Show began simulcasting on the channel on October 3, 2016. WGR and Pegula Sports and Entertainment reached a five-year contract extension for radio broadcasts not long afterward, keeping the Bills and Sabres broadcasts on WGR through 2021.

References

External links

FCC History Cards for WGR (covering 1927-1981)
WGR Jock History (billdulmage.com)
Rock Radio Scrapbook page including recordings of Frank Benny and Shane on WGR, April 28, 1980

GR
Radio stations established in 1922
CBS Sports Radio stations
Taft Broadcasting
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
1922 establishments in New York (state)

WGR


NWO may refer to:
 Dutch Research Council, the national research council of the Netherlands
 New World Order (disambiguation)
 New World Order (conspiracy theory), a conspiracy theory referring to the emergence of a totalitarian one world government
 New world order (politics), any period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power
 New world order (Bahá'í), teachings in the Bahá'í Faith pertaining to a world federal system of government.
 New World Order (professional wrestling), professional wrestling stable (most often stylized as nWo)
 New Worlds Observer, orbital telescope system
 New World Orphans, album by Hed PE
 "N.W.O." (song), 1992 song by Ministry
 WWE No Way Out, professional wrestling event

See also
New Order (disambiguation)
NWD (disambiguation)

NWO


The Nissan NV200 is a light commercial and leisure activity, 4/5-door van designed and produced by the Japanese automaker Nissan since 2009.

Overview
The vehicle was previewed as the NV200 Concept at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show, followed by the 2008 Nissan Tenjin Motor Show. The concept vehicle was equipped with a remote control panel for a spider camera, and equipment for organizing and editing photographs and images on the move.

The vehicle was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, followed by 2010 Beijing International Automobile Exhibition. The vehicle went on sale in Japan before summer 2009, followed by Europe in autumn 2009 and then in China and other markets. Available in combi and passenger car versions, NV200 was built on a modified version of Nissan's B platform, with fully independent strut type front suspension mounted on a separate subframe and a leaf spring rear axle.

Markets

Japan
Available in Van DX light commercial van and Wagon 16S people carrier, the NV200 Vanette is a version of the Nissan NV200 van replacing the older Nissan Vanette.

The vehicle went on sale on 21 May 2009 in Japan, followed by other countries.

Early Japanese models included Van DX (2/5-person), Van DX route van (2-person), Van GX (5-person), Wagon 16S (7-person).

Mitsubishi Delica D:3 and Delica Van (2011–2019)
Badge engineered versions of the NV200 was sold in Japan by Mitsubishi Motors as the Mitsubishi Delica D:3 and Delica Van. It is equipped with a 1.6-liter straight-four engine. Both models went on sale in Japan in October 2011. Early Delica D:3 models include the M (5-seater) and G (7-seater). Introductory Delica Van models include DX (2/5-person) (5MT/4AT), GX (2/5-person) (4AT).

The Delica D:3 and Delica Van were discontinued in April 2019.

North America

The Nissan NV200 began production at Nissan Mexicana's Cuernevaca Assembly plant in 2013 for the North American market. By 2020, Nissan had captured only a small fraction of the commercial van market in America, and announced shortly afterward that NV200 production for North America would end in summer 2021.

NV200 New York City taxi

The prototype version of the NV200 New York taxi vehicle was unveiled in 2011 Nissan Taxi of Tomorrow Design Expo, followed by 2012 New York International Auto Show, Nissan's Yokohama headquarters, and 2012 Paris Motor Show.

It is equipped with a 2.0-litre 4-cylinder engine, a low-annoyance horn with exterior lights that indicate when the vehicle is honking , sliding doors with entry step and grab handles, transparent roof panel (with shade), independently controlled rear air conditioning with a grape phenol-coated air filter, breathable, antimicrobial, environmentally friendly and easy-to-clean seat fabric that simulates the look and feel of leather; overhead reading lights for passengers and floor lighting to help locate belongings, a mobile charging station for passengers that includes a 12V electrical outlet and two USB plugs, a six-way adjustable driver's seat that features both recline and lumbar adjustments, even with a partition installed; standard driver's navigation and telematics systems; front and rear-seat occupant curtain airbags, as well as seat-mounted airbags for the front row; standard traction control and Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC), lights that alert other road users that taxi doors are opening.

The production model was unveiled at the 2013 Matsuya Ginza's 'New York Week' fair, and went on sale as 2014 model year vehicle. The Nissan NV200 New York City taxi was built in North America at Nissan's facility in Cuernavaca, Mexico.

The vehicle entered the New York City's taxi fleet near the end of October 2013. The first buyer of Nissan NV200 New York City taxi was medallion number 7F20 owner Ranjit Singh, with delivery of taxi from Koeppel Nissan in Queens on 18 October 2013, and first 1-passenger fare service performed from JFK International Airport on 23 October 2013 to Manhattan.

New York Supreme Court Justice Peter Moulton ruled that the deal between NYC and Nissan was "null, void and unenforceable" since the NV200 is not a hybrid vehicle. In addition, Manhattan Supreme Court Justice Schlomo Hagler ruled the New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission exceeded its authority for mandating the city's taxi fleets be replaced by Nissan NV200.  That ruling was overturned by a New York appeals court on 10 June 2014, with Justice David B. Saxe finding that the commission's mandate was legal.

As of 16 December 2013, Nissan was in the process of distributing the first 200 units of NV200 New York City taxi to dealers across New York City. The company is also delivering another couple of hundred new taxis to dealers in Seattle, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City and Texas.

A version of NV200 New York City taxi with rear ramp for wheelchair access, integrated restraint system for securing of wheelchairs was unveiled at the 2012 New York International Auto Show as the NV200 Mobility Taxi. The conversion of the NV200 Mobility Taxi was done by BraunAbility.

NV200 Compact Cargo Van
The NV200 Compact Cargo Van was unveiled at the 2012 Chicago Auto Show. US models went on sale at Nissan Commercial Vehicle dealers beginning in early 2013 as 2013 model year vehicles. Early models include a 2.0-liter 16-valve 4-cylinder engine and Xtronic CVT. The 2014 model year vehicle went on sale in January 2014. The introductory lineup consisted of the S and SV models.

Europe
Sales of European models of NV200 van and combi began from October 2009 in most European markets, followed by Family version in 2010. Early models include the 1.6-litre HR16 petrol with  or 1.5 dCi (K9K) diesel engine with , five-speed manual transmission, optional rear view parking camera. European models of NV200 were produced in Japan, until production started at Nissan's plant in Barcelona in November 2009.

On 1 February 2019, Nissan announced the discontinuation of the internal combustion-engined NV200 in Europe and replaced it with the NV250, a rebadged Renault Kangoo. The last batch of diesel NV200 was manufactured in mid-2019 and sale of this model was discontinued by early 2020.

London taxi
In 2011, Nissan approached both Transport for London (TfL) and the Licensed Taxi Drivers Association to adapt a version of the NV200 to the requirements of the streets of London. With experience from supplying engines to London Taxis International for their Coventry-built TX1, the NV200 London Taxi was developed in London by Nissan Design Europe at their offices in Paddington. The Coventry-based ADV Manufacturing Ltd was responsible for the engineering, development and final assembly of Nissan NV200 London Taxi.

The prototype vehicle, equipped with the standard Renault 1461cc (89/110PS) dCi (K9K) turbodiesel engine, 5-speed manual (89PS) or 6-speed manual (110PS) transmission was unveiled in London, followed by 2012 Paris Motor Show.

After feedback, and to meet new stricter European emissions legislation, Nissan offered production versions from January 2014 based on a 1.6-litre petrol engine and automatic transmission. The new Spanish-built NV200 London Taxi was launched in January 2014, to be followed by a battery-electric London Taxi based on the e-NV200 in 2015.

The entire London Taxi project was shelved later in 2014. A revised proposal was announced in 2017, which would come to fruition if the British Government approved electrification of the London Taxi network.

China
In China, the NV200 is built by Nissan in partnership with Dongfeng Motor, and was released in June 2010. Early models include HR16 DOHC (83 kW/150 Nm) engine. The Chinese market NV200 was refreshed in February 2014 with V-Motion grille, adding a new Luxury variant with redesigned three-bar grille, redesigned bumper and two-tone alloy wheels.

India
The Evalia was launched in India in September 2012. It was offered in a total of four variants: the base XE, XE Plus, XL and the top end XV with a 1.5-litre dCi diesel engine paired to a 5-speed manual transmission. In June 2015, Nissan stopped production of the vehicle due to low demand, with 2,412 units sold since its launch.

Ashok Leyland STiLE

A badge engineered version of the NV200 went on sale as the Ashok Leyland STiLE since September 2013. Early models included 1.5-litre K9K (86PS) engine, 5-speed manual transmission. It was withdrawn from sale during 2015 due to low sales.

Indonesia
The Evalia was launched in Indonesia on 7 June 2012. It was initially available in three grade levels: S, SV and XV. The Evalia received an update on 23 January 2014 and is offered in three grade levels: St, SV and XV Highway Star. The Evalia was discontinued in the country in 2016, with a few units sold in early 2017.

Nissan e-NV200

The e-NV200 is the battery-electric version of the NV200 panel van. Nissan introduced the concept version of the e-NV200 at the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The e-NV200 has a 24 kWh battery pack that was expected to have a range similar to Nissan Leaf of .

Trials with a prototype were conducted with Japan Post Service beginning in July 2011, followed by trials with FedEx in London starting in December 2011, AEON Retail Co., Ltd., FedEx Express in Yokohama Area, Tochigi prefectural government in prefecture's rural areas from 3 September 2012.

More testing with a more advanced pre-production version, unveiled at the 64th IAA Commercial Vehicle International Motor Show in Hanover, took place in Singapore, the UK, the U.S. and Brazil, Coca-Cola Central Japan Co. starting in mid-November 2012, FedEx Express in Singapore, Saitama City, DHL Japan in Tokyo Metropolitan Area.

A more extensive 6-month trial with 28 units delivered to British Gas began in the UK in November 2013. The pre-production version of e-NV200 was unveiled at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show.

The production version of the e-NV200 was unveiled at the 2014 Geneva Motor Show. The production version of the e-NV200 has 30% of new components compared with the internal combustion NV200. Production of Nissan e-NV200 began at Nissan's plant in Barcelona, Spain, by mid-2014.

Launched in June 2013, the car was scheduled to go on sale in Europe in the same month and in Japan in October. Prices in Germany will start at  (~ ). The e-NV200 was the top selling electric commercial van in Europe in 2016 with 4,319 units delivered. A tall-roof variant was launched in 2020 as the e-NV200 XL Voltia, increasing cargo volume by 90%.

The Nissan e-NV200 was expected to be available by 2017 for the New York City's Taxi of Tomorrow fleet. However, structural changes would be required to bring the e-NV200 into compliance with US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, and the van never was released to the US market.

In 2021, Nissan unveiled the Townstar EV, which will replace the e-NV200. The Townstar EV is a rebadged Renault Kangoo E-Tech.

Specifications

As launched in 2014, the e-NV200 shared the same  /  AC synchronous traction motor unit with the second-generation Leaf; the traction motor had been integrated as a unit with the battery control module and inverter. Although the lithium-ion battery had the same number of modules (48) and capacity (24 kW-hr) as the Nissan Leaf, it was repackaged physically to fit under the load floor and within the wheelbase, where it forms part of the structural frame, boosting rigidity compared to the conventionally-powered NV200. The 24 kW-hr battery fitted to the e-NV up to the 2017 model year is capable of delivering an all-electric range of  under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Cells are manufactured in the UK (at Sunderland) and shipped to Barcelona, where they are assembled. The standard on-board charger has a maximum input capacity of 3.3 kW (AC), doubling to 6.6 kW with an optional charger which also adds a CHAdeMO port that accepts up to 50 kW (DC). Maximum speed is , reduced to  when battery charge is low to maximise range.

In 2018, the battery capacity was increased by 67%, to 40 kWh, with a correspondingly extended driving range of  under the Japanese (JC08) driving cycle.

The e-NV200 has a cargo capacity of  and can carry two Euro pallets; both sides are equipped with sliding doors and the rear is equipped with swinging doors for cargo access. Interior cargo length is  long to the front bulkhead and  wide between the wheel arches, with a lift-in height of  from the ground and a maximum capacity of .

Compared to the conventional NV200, the e-NV200 is approximately  longer with revised styling that incorporates a charging port door in the center of the front end. Overall width increases by  to  as the wheel arches were flared to accommodate the Leaf's front subframe. The front suspension is identical to the Leaf, using MacPherson struts, and the rear suspension is taken from the conventional NV200, using leaf springs and a beam axle.

Nissan e-NV200 London Taxi/Dynamo Taxi
In 2019, a few months after the plug-in hybrid LEVC TX went on sale, the e-NV200 based Dynamo Taxi was launched by a firm also based in Coventry, UK. The Dynamo Taxi became the first 'black cab' on the streets of London to be fully electric since the Bersey Taxi in 1897 and is based on the Evalia version of the van.

In 2022, the Dynamo Motor Company had to phase out the Dynamo Taxi, after Nissan replaced the Nissan e-NV200 Evalia with the Renault Kangoo E-Tech-based Townstar EV, leaving the LEVC TX as the only electric taxi available to London cabbies.

Chevrolet City Express
The Chevrolet City Express is a badge engineered Nissan e-NV200 for the United States and Canadian markets marketed by Chevrolet. Chevrolet targeted the vehicle toward urban business owners as a cheaper and more compact option next to the full-sized Express van. The City Express came in two level trims (LS and LT), a fold-down passenger seat, 40/60-split rear cargo doors that open to 90- and 180-degree angles, left- and right-side sliding doors, twenty integrated cargo-mounting points throughout the interior, six floor-mounted D-rings, and a center storage console. The LT trim included a  diagonal touch screen, navigation, Sirius XM Radio, and Bluetooth connectivity as part of their technology package. The latter was also available as an option for the LS trim. The Chevrolet City Express was never marketed as a GMC.

The vehicle made its debut at the 2014 Chicago Auto Show and went on sale in the fall of 2014.

Chevrolet discontinued sales on the City Express in 2018, and informed dealers to immediately stop taking orders, citing lackluster sales and non-compatibility with GM parts.

Safety
The NV200 Combi received a three-star Euro NCAP score in May 2013. Euro NCAP commented of the adult occupant: "When the car was inspected after the frontal impact test, it was found that the floor panel had torn away from the base of the A pillar and numerous spot welds had released between the floor and sill...the main body of the sill was found to be bent inwards. The passenger compartment was judged to be unstable and the car was penalised. Similarly, the driver's footwell was found to have ruptured and was unstable and a further penalty was applied."

Awards
In April 2010, it was named the Professional Van and Light Truck Magazine International Van of the Year 2010.

The Nissan was announced as the winner of New York City's Taxi of Tomorrow, beating finalists Karsan V-1 and Ford Transit Connect. Nissan was awarded a 10-year contract to provide the city exclusively with some 13,000 yellow cabs, starting in 2013. The European version with the 1.5L Diesel four-cylinder gets 54.4 averaged mpg (44 miles per US gallon); however, the American version will obtain fewer miles per gallon.

Sales
As of 30 August 2013, sales of the Nissan NV200 reached 170,000 units.

References

External links

 Nissan NV200 Nissan UK
 Nissan NV200 Vanette
 Nissan NV200 – Nissan Commercial Vehicles USA
 Chevrolet City Express official website
 Official Gonow Starry website in English

NV200
Vehicles introduced in 2009
2010s cars
2020s cars
Mini MPVs
Vans
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Electric vans
Taxi vehicles
Euro NCAP small MPVs

Nissan NV200


Randy Constan (born November 18, 1953) is a Peter Pan impersonator who first posted his cosplay pictures on a website in 2001, in what he stated was an attempt to find a girlfriend. The website became a widely circulated internet meme, and in 2001 Constan's website, "pixyland.org" (aka "Peter Pan's Home Page") won a Webby Award in the "weird" category. Constan currently resides in Tampa, Florida.

Constan has made television appearances in costume, including Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Unscrewed with Martin Sargent, and Because I Said So.

In 2006, Constan appeared in a music video alongside Jay Maynard, Leslie Hall, and other individuals who gained worldwide exposure via the Internet, created for the web site WeAreTheWeb.org.  The video advocates for net neutrality.

Personal life
Constan grew up in Staten Island, New York. He graduated from Staten Island College in 1974 with an Associate of Applied Science in Electronics and worked for Consolidated Edison in New York City from 1974 through 1994. His first marriage was in 1976, during which he lived on Long Island. He later moved to Tampa, Florida where he has worked for Tasnet Inc. since 1995.

On October 7, 2007, Constan became engaged to his girlfriend of one year (who goes by the names Tinkerbell and Princess Dorothy) at a local club called "The Castle", the couple married March 29, 2009 at the Bay Area Renaissance Fair.

References

External links
 http://elfintechnologies.com/

Living people
American Internet celebrities
Peter Pan
Cosplayers
1953 births
College of Staten Island alumni

Randy Constan


Slovak hip hop is said to have begun in 1988, before the establishment of the Slovak Republic itself. The first rap song released in Slovakia was done by Rap Steady Crew from Košice in 1993, followed by Jednotka slovenskej starostlivosti (JSS) with their album Kompromis in 1997 as well as the duo Trosky releasing their record. Long-running crews are Lúza and Drvivá Menšina, who perform together as Názov Stavby with DJ Hajtkovič. Vec, formerly of the seminal duo Trosky, is considered by many today to be the most influential figure within hip-hop music in Slovakia, although newer acts such as 2H+, A.M.O, MC Vrabec, Čistychov and Kontrafakt have also gained significant popularity since 2003. Slovak hip hop was considered to start becoming popular when Kontrafakt released their first music video, Dáva mi, in 2003. It topped many video charts in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The video even appeared on MTV. Kontrafakt's platinum debut album E.R.A. (along with albums Reč Naša by Názov Stavby and Trosky by Trosky) is considered to be one of the albums with the "classic" status.

In 2015, Sídliskový sen, a documentary film about Rytmus was released, after eight years of filming. In 2020, another documentary film tied to Slovak hip-hop, TEMPOS, was released, and while this documentary is also about Rytmus himself, it focuses less on his personal life and more on his career in hip-hop. The documentary film is considered to be deeply tied to the origins of Slovak hip-hop and Slovak hip-hop as a whole. In 2021 Kontrafakt released a documentary film on their YouTube channel, The Most Legendary, which was released a few days before their 5th studio album, KF ako rolls, was released to celebrate their twentieth anniversary as a group. The documentary explained the timeline of the group as a whole.

Nearly all Slovak hip-hop artists rap in Slovak and often collaborate with Czech artists like PSH, DJ Wich, Yzomandias, Nik Tendo and Polish WWO. Sometimes they collaborate with people from different countries, like Russian P-13 artists.

Kontrafakt is the best-selling hip-hop group in Slovakia.

References

External links

 Hip-hop.sk Slovak hip hop site
 HipHopForum.sk Slovak Hip Hop Forum (more info & download CD's)
 Artattack.sk Slovak graffiti site
 Aerosolart.sk Slovak graffiti site
 Rooftop.sk E-shop
 slavicrap.wordpress.com Slavic Hip-Hop

Hip hop

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Don McNeill (1934 – June 27, 2015) was a Canadian journalist. He was a foreign correspondent for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and CBS News.

Life and career
He was born in 1934. He was from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. He studied at Memorial University of Newfoundland, the Technical University of Nova Scotia, and Oxford University. At Oxford, he played basketball for an unofficial team he started.

While in the United Kingdom, he worked for the Daily Mail. After returning home to Canada, McNeill began working for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He was the CBC's correspondent in Washington, D.C. and worked for Newsmagazine. He reported on the Vietnam War, the Watergate scandal, and the Iranian Revolution for the CBC. McNeil later moved to the United States, where he worked for CBS News until 1987. He was the CBS News correspondent at Moscow. He later worked for Christian Science Monitor Television.

He got a Rhodes Scholarship in 1958. He got a Nieman Fellowship in 1981. In 1984, he won the George Polk Award for Network Television Reporting for his "unusual glimpses of Soviet life". He was nominated for the 1988 News & Documentary Emmy Award for "Outstanding Interview/Interviewers - For Programs" as a producer and correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor Reports. He won the 1990 News and Documentary Emmy Award for "Outstanding Informational, Cultural or Historical Programming (segments)" as a correspondent of a World Monitor segment on the Soviet Union.

He was a journalism teacher at Boston University.

His wife Sandra Allik produced her husband's Emmy-winning report. She once said that his husband's award was "a bigger deal than an Emmy".

He died on June 27, 2015 in Boston, aged 80.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Canadian journalists
Canadian basketball players
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Harvard University alumni
George Polk Award winners
Emmy Award winners

Don McNeill


The Egyptian Air College (Arabic: الكلية الجوية المصرية) One of the colleges of the Egyptian Military Academy,, is a college in Bilbeis, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt, tasked with training officer candidates for the Egyptian Air Force. Established in 1951, the Egyptian Air College is one of seven military academies administered by the various branches of the Egyptian Armed Forces. The current director of the Egyptian Air Academy is Air Vice-Marshal Abd-El Moneam Hassan Shouman.

In addition to Egyptian Air Force personnel, the academy has also trained cadets from a large number of other Arab countries, as well as cadets from Malaysia and parts of Sub-Saharan Africa.

History
Formal air force training in Egypt dates to 1938 when a forerunner to the Egyptian Air Academy was established on the grounds of the Royal Air Force-administered Almaza station near present-day Cairo International Airport. Resources provided to this school included instructors, technicians, training aircraft and curriculum. The first cadets were non-commissioned officers from the Egyptian Army and various police forces who were deemed medically fit for flying. This first school was divided into five "wings": Flying, Science, Technical, Cadets and Administration.

By 1951 the Almaza site had become inadequate for air force training purposes. That year a law was passed by the Kingdom of Egypt authorizing the creation of the Egyptian Air Academy near Bilbeis. Despite the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the expulsion of British forces and the subsequent rise of the Republic of Egypt, plans for the academy remained unchanged, with construction and renovation continuing through 1961. Future Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak served as a lecturer and later as director of the Egyptian Air Academy at various times during the 1950s and 1960s

Admission and curriculum
Prospective Egyptian Air College cadets must be Egyptian "by heredity from forefathers," unmarried, no older than 21 have "good manners" and be "clean living." Once at the academy cadets are divided into "pilot" and "navigator" groups. Curriculum includes theoretical and practical flying, administration and humanities, computer science and foreign languages.

Upon graduation both pilots and navigators receive bachelor's degrees, commissions in the Egyptian Air Force and certifications in their respective fields of study. Graduating pilots also receive an internationally recognized commercial pilot's license.

Directors
The following senior officers have served as Director of the Air Academy:
1954 to 1961 Madkoor Abo-Alezz
1961 to 1963 Ali Hasan Emam
1963 to 1967 Abdel-Hamid Daghady
1967 Yahia Saleh Al-Aidaros
1967 to 1969 Hosni Mubarak
1969 to 1973 Mahmoud Shaker
1973 to 1974 Ibrahim Shaker
1974 to 1981 Abdel-Alim Ahmed Abdel-Alim
1981 to 1983 Ali Othman Zico
1984 to 1987 Fakhry Fadl-Alla Gahramy
1987 to 1989 Ahmed Abdellatif Ahmed
1989 Alaa Rahmy
1989 to 1990 Kamal Ezzat
1990 to 1993 Alaa Rahmy
1993 to 1997 Osama Abdel-Ghany Sakr
1997 to 2000 Magdy Galal Sharawi
2000 to 2013 unknown
2013 Abd-El Moneam Hassan Shouman

See also
 Egyptian Air Defense Academy
 Egyptian Naval Academy

References

External links
Egyptian Air Academy
Human Rights Watch: The Repression of Academic Freedom in Egyptian Universities.

Egyptian Air Force
Air force academies
Educational institutions established in 1951
Military academies of Egypt
1951 establishments in Egypt

Egyptian Air College


The Toonumbar National Park is a protected national park located in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia. The  park is situated approximately  north of Sydney, near the town of .

The park is part of the Focal Peak Group World Heritage Site Gondwana Rainforests of Australia inscribed in 1986 and added to the Australian National Heritage List in 2007.

Description
The park features subtropical rainforests protecting threatened plants and animals, such as the sooty owl, red-legged pademelon and yellow-bellied glider. The rainforests on Dome Mountain and the Murray Scrub are part of the World Heritage listed Gondwana Rainforests of Australia. The rugged landscape of Mount Lindesay, Dome Mountain and Edinburgh Castle have provided the inspiration for many local Aboriginal legends.

The Murray Scrub and the Dome Mountain Forest contain significant areas of subtropical and temperate rainforest and are listed as part of the World Heritage Gondwana Rainforests of Australia. There are also drier and cooler places in the park and this has resulted in incredible diversity of flora, from eucalypt woodlands and tall gum forests, to forests of bangalow palms.

Animals in the park include marbled frogmouth, koala, Albert lyrebird and rainforest reptiles and frogs. The rainforest area is an important refuge for a number of fruit-eating pigeons and insectivorous bats. Pademelons also live there.

Focal Peak Volcano situated in Mt Barney National Park was active 23 million years ago and was responsible for the eroded volcanic remains of Mount Lindesay, Dome Mountain and Edinburgh Castle that dominate the landscape today. The high rainfall combined with fertile soil have created lush rainforests.

On average, the park receives  of rain each year. Its highest recorded rainfall was  in one day.

Native title claim
Toonumbar National Park was part of the successful Githabul Nation native title claim. The Native title claimant Trevor Close an Aboriginal lawyer fought the NSW Government fifteen years probono to win the historic Native Title claim in memory of his grandfather Rory Close and his children Nea Close, Marnie Close Sera Close, Issiah Close and Tomika Close, Yartha Close and Kory Close. Trevor Close Githabul Tribal name is Mudargun which means lawman.

Inside Toonumbar National Park there are a number of jurabihls (increase sites) which were recorded with the assistance of the late Auntie Millie Boyd in 1974 by Howard Creamer. These types of sites (involving a complex set of religious and ritualistic beliefs) are of National significance due to their rarity in Australia and the rest of the world. Dome Mountain is the Githabul sacred site for the rain ceremony. Edinburgh Castle is the Goanna site and owned by the Clara Williams descendants who reside at the Aboriginal Reservation Muli Muli, which is 10 km (6 mi) west of the town of Woodenbong.

Gallery

See also

 Protected areas of New South Wales

References

External links

National parks of New South Wales
Protected areas established in 1995
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia
1995 establishments in Australia
Northern Rivers
Kyogle Council

Toonumbar National Park


Kerrang! TV is a British music television channel owned by Channel Four Television Corporation, with permission to use the Kerrang! brand from Bauer.
The channel primarily broadcasts music videos on an open schedule, so as to permit text requests for their playlists.

Background

The first broadcast of Kerrang! TV had a countdown of voters' most-desired videos. The most popular choice and the first video shown on Kerrang! TV was Nirvana's "Smells Like Teen Spirit". Limp Bizkit's "Break Stuff" and Everlast's "Black Jesus" were also in the first three videos played.

Kerrang mainly airs nu metal, pop punk/skate punk and indie rock genre videos. Certain acts such as Tenacious D and Limp Bizkit got higher-than-average play rates, due to higher rates of text requests. Themed 30-minute segments often covered artists who were on the playlist, with large numbers of videos, most noticeably Green Day, Panic! at the Disco, Paramore and You Me at Six.

The station unusually guaranteed to play a requested video, unlike others where a voting system was in place. However, it may have taken some time for the video to be played.

It shares much of the ethos of its namesake magazine, although it will not go as far as to play unsigned acts or veer too far off music which is accepted by the mainstream. Heavy metal is least played, as death metal and black metal are very rarely played, although extreme metal act Cradle of Filth had appeared on late-night and even daytime Kerrang! TV from time to time. More mainstream rock acts are favoured. British and American music is most featured, European music is played rarely; although Rammstein (Germany) have featured weekly. Gothic metal and power metal are rarely played.

Many of the videos shown are heavily censored to remove profanity, violence, and references to God and religion. The censorship usually takes the form of dubbing out the offending phrase or by blurring the picture. This is often criticised by a lot of viewers, as of the fact that even the watershed slot (9pm-5:30am) also doesn't show any uncensored videos. The response from the channel is, running uncensored videos during nighttime may increase the risk of it being broadcast during daytime.

Video countdowns are often shown on the channel.

The station had an annual video countdown called the Rock 100, which covered the 100 most requested videos on the station (Rock or otherwise) in the previous year, and with links between blocks of tracks given by one of the featured bands. In 2005 Good Charlotte presented the Rock 100 from a strip club in Manchester. In 2009 Charlie Simpson made a voice-over for the show with clips from people's votes in the Download festival.

Availability
The channel is available on many platforms including Sky and Virgin Media. It is part of a network of channels owned by The Box Plus Network, which include 4Music, Box Hits, Kiss, The Box and Magic. On 2 April 2013, all Box Television channels went free-to-air on satellite, apart from 4Music which went free-to-view. As a result, the channels were removed from the Sky EPG in Ireland. However, Kerrang! TV launched on Freesat on 15 April 2013, alongside three other Box Television channels, but was removed on 24 March 2015. Kerrang! and its sister channels returned to Freesat on 8 December 2021 alongside Channel 4 HD.

From 27 September to 17 November 2021, Kerrang! broadcast a simulcast of The Box after the activation of a fire suppressant system at the premises of Red Bee Media on 25 September 2021. It was restored on 18 November 2021.

References

External links
 Kerrang! TV on Box Plus

2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
Channel 4 television channels
TV
Music video networks in the United Kingdom
Television channels and stations established in 2001

Kerrang! TV


House of Bush, House of Saud: The Secret Relationship Between the World's Two Most Powerful Dynasties is a 2004 book by Craig Unger that explores the relationship between the Saudi Royal Family and the Bush extended political family.  Unger asserts that the groundwork for today's terrorist movements and the modern wars that have sprung up about them was unintentionally laid more than 30 years ago with a series of business deals between the ruling Saudis and the powerful Bush family.  The Saudis received investments and military protection in exchange for cooperation on lucrative oil deals.  The author claims that the result has been a shady alliance between "the world's two most powerful dynasties."  Unger writes, "Never before has an American president been so closely tied to a foreign power that harbors and supports our country's mortal enemies."

Unger reportedly traced $1.4 billion in investments by the Saudis to friends and business organizations closely associated with the Bush family.  Newsweek'''s Michael Isikoff had harsh criticism of the $1.4 billion figure, the Saudi connection, and the flights out of the U.S. According to Isikoff: "Nearly 90 percent of that amount, $1.18 billion, comes from just one source: contracts in the early to mid-1990s that the Saudi Arabian government awarded to a U.S. defense contractor, BDM, for training the country's military and National Guard." According to Newsweek, George W. Bush could not have been involved with the Carlyle Group, which owned BDM, when the $1.18 billion deal was made, because "former president Bush didn't join the Carlyle advisory board until April, 1998—five months after Carlyle had already sold BDM to another defense firm."

On his website, Unger replied that Isikoff wrongly suggests that the Bush family and its allies had little or no relationship with the Carlyle Group until 1998. "If that were true, he might have a point."But in fact, the Bush-Carlyle relationship began eight years earlier when the Carlyle Group put George W. Bush on the board of one of its subsidiaries, Caterair, in 1990. In 1993, after the Bush-Quayle administration left office and George H. W. Bush and James Baker were free to join the private sector, the Bush family's relationship with the Carlyle Group began to become substantive. By the end of that year, key figures at the Carlyle Group included such powerful Bush colleagues as James Baker, Frank Carlucci, and Richard Darman. Because George W. Bush's role at Carlyle had been marginal, the $1.4 billion figure includes no contracts that predated the arrival of Baker, Carlucci and Darman at Carlyle. With former Secretary of Defense Carlucci guiding the acquisition of defense companies, Carlyle finally began making real money from the Saudis, both through investments from the royal family, the bin Ladens and other members of the Saudi elite, and through lucrative defense investments.Isikoff also argued there was nothing extraordinary about the evacuation of the Saudis because Tampa International Airport had reopened. Unger disagreed, noting, "Commercial aviation slowly resumed on September 13, but at 10:57 am that day, the Federal Aviation Administration issued a Notice to Airmen stating that private aviation was still banned. Three planes violated that order and were forced down by American military aircraft that day. Yet the Saudis were allowed to fly on the ten passenger Learjet. … The Tampa to Lexington flight is vital because it required permission from the highest levels of our government. If it were just another normal flight, why would anyone go to a crisis-stricken White House to get permission for the Saudis to fly?"

Research conducted for this book backs up claims made in controversial documentary filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 picture Fahrenheit 9/11''.

References

External links
House of Bush, House of Saud Book website
Salon Magazine Excerpt from the book's first chapter
 "Vanity Fair editor Craig Unger on the Bush family feud, neoconservatives and the Christian right" at Wikinews

2004 non-fiction books
American political books
Books about foreign relations of the United States
Books about George W. Bush
Saudi Arabia–United States relations

House of Bush, House of Saud


Femke Wolting (born 6 November 1970 in Ouder-Amstel, The Netherlands) is a Dutch independent new media producer.

Background
Together with Bruno Felix, Femke Wolting is founder and Managing Director of Submarine, an independent film, television and transmedia production company, spanning features, documentaries and animation. Submarine boasts a roster of award-winning productions made in collaboration with an extensive network of internationally acclaimed creators.

Femke has produced films, series and transmedia projects across the globe, from the US and China, to Abu Dhabi, Russia and Mexico. Wolting and Felix are experienced in coordinating international co-productions, and collaborating with co-producers, broadcasters and distributors including VPRO, BBC, HBO, ZDF, Arte, and Channel 4.

Submarine's productions regularly premiere In Competition at major international film festivals and have received numerous awards, including an Emmy, the Prix Europa, NHK Japan Prize, Peabody Award, and the SXSW Interactive Award.
Femke has produced numerous acclaimed documentaries, narrative features, and television series, including Nobody Speak: Trials of the Free Press which premiered at Sundance and was acquired as a Netflix Original, the Sundance award winning WINNIE, which constructs the compelling narrative of Winnie Mandela's radical life , the Emmy Award-winning feature Last Hijack, and the global animated series Wellie Wishers for Mattel/Amazon. She recently produced the ground-breaking and Emmy nominated citizen-journalism documentary Bellingcat:Truth in a Post-Truth World and Undone, Amazon's first adult animated series from Bojack Horseman creator/showrunner Raphael Bob-Waksberg, which premiered in September 2019. Currently, Submarine is in co-production on an animated feature film directed by Ari Folman, which is inspired by Anne Frank's diary and life, titled Where Is Anne Frank?.

Since 1999, Femke has directed documentaries, such as It's The End Of TV As We Know It – a feature documentary about the future of television; Sneakers – an award-winning film about the rise of the sports shoe; and Viktor & Rolf: "Because We Are Worth It" – which followed a year in the lives of avant-garde fashion designers Viktor & Rolf. Together with Tommy Pallota, she produced and directed Last Hijack, an Emmy Award-winning hybrid animation/live action film about the pirates of Somalia that opened the Panorama Program at the Berlin Film Festival. Most recently, the two teamed up again to direct More Human Than Human, a documentary about the state of artificial intelligence which recently won at the prestigious Life Sciences Film Festival in Prague.

As a producer and director, Wolting has worked with renowned directors such as Peter Greenaway.

Filmography

Producer
Rembrandt's J'accuse
My Second Life
Kika & Bob
Eisenstein in Guanajuato

American Jail

Bellingcat - Truth in a Post-Truth World

Undone

Collapsus

Nobody Speak: Trials of the Free Press

Winnie

Hans Joachim Klein: my life as a terrorist

It's the end of TV as we know it

Collapsus (nominated for an Emmy)

Last Hijack (Emmy)

Unspeak

Ascent from Akeron

Director
Another Perfect World

Viktor & Rolf

Sneakers

Beyond MTV

It's the end of TV as we know it

References

External links

 Submarine

1970 births
Living people
Dutch film directors
Dutch film producers
Dutch women film producers
People from Ouder-Amstel

Femke Wolting


L'Assemblée des six-comtés (French for "The Assembly of the Six Counties"), also known as Manifestation des Canadiens contre le gouvernement anglais, à Saint-Charles, en 1837 ("Demonstration of the Canadiens against the British colonial government, at Saint-Charles, in 1837"), is a large oil painting executed on canvas by Ontario artist Charles Alexander Smith in 1890.

It depicts the Assembly of the Six Counties, an event in 1837, part of the history of Quebec and the Patriote movement. It is displayed in the permanent exhibition of the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec in Quebec City.

Composition
The picture includes many elements of what is known about the Patriote movement and their time. It features a number of Patriote leaders, upon the stage at the right, with accurate appearance. Patriote leader Louis-Joseph Papineau is shown in a speech to the crowd. At the bottom right stand three flags. From the left, the first represents the influence the Patriotes received from the French Revolution, the second is the Patriote flag and the third embodies the admiration of the Patriote for the American Revolution. The Patriote flag remains a visual leitmotiv across the composition.

The right field profusely displays maple leaves, a symbol of the French Canadians of the time (they have now been discarded by their modern-day Québécois and Quebec nationalist successors because of their appropriation by the Canadian federation). In the same section is the Coat of arms of Quebec, leaning upon the wooden stage structure (one anachronistic detail, as this version, contemporary to the painting's execution, is the first arms of Quebec post-Confederation, granted in 1868).

The crowd, mesmerized and invigorated at the same time by Papineau's much celebrated oratory skills, holds many signs reading nationalist and independence slogans. Many in attendance wear the tuques and ceintures fléchées belts characteristic of the Patriote symbology. The Colonne de la liberté stands tall in the background (the one from Henri Julien's illustration and the contemporary replica appear much shorter). Finally, a very young girl at the immediate left-of-the-middle evocatively stares at the spectator.

History
Smith was commissioned to paint it for display in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly in the Parliament of Quebec City. However, the government of Premier of Quebec Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville did not accept it, and the work was passed unto various owners before finally becoming part of the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec collection.

Located in Room 10, it is a part of the permanent exhibition of Quebec history-related art called Je me souviens : Quand l'art imagine l'histoire ("Je me souviens [motto of Quebec]. When Art Imagines History"). The picture has seen restoration. Nowadays, a great number of books related to the Patriotes, or their era in Quebec, use the painting, often cropped, to illustrate their cover page.

In a similar fashion, initial plans to erect a statue in honour of Louis-Joseph Papineau on the Quebec City Parliament Hill were aborted because of the then-controversial aspect of what was seen as a revolutionary figure. A smaller statue was instead made for interior display in the Parliament and a monument such as the one originally envisioned was inaugurated in the 2000s.

Subject

The Assembly of the Six Counties gathered Patriote leaders and approximately 4,000 followers in Saint-Charles, Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) on October 23 and October 24, 1837. Presided by Wolfred Nelson, it is the most famous of the various popular assemblies held during that year protesting the Russell Resolutions. It was a prelude to the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837 that sought the independence of a Lower Canadian republic. Speakers were united in their protest of the British colonial government, but, as one part supported economic boycotts of British products, the other appealed to an armed uprising.

Notes

See also
Patriote popular assemblies
History of Quebec
Timeline of Quebec history
Quebec nationalism
Quebec independence movement

References
 Maurice Champagne. "L'Assemblée des six comtés", in Bulletin de la bibliothèque de l'Assemblée nationale, volume 24, issue 1, April 1995, p. 3-5.
 Mario Béland. "Un destin inachevé: L'assemblée des six comtés de Charles Alexander Smith", in Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec, n° 30, 1992, p. 30-33

External links
"Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec - Salle 10" at the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec website

1890 paintings
Canadian paintings
Culture of Quebec
Lower Canada Rebellion
Patriote movement
Political art
Flags in art

L'Assemblée des six-comtés (painting)


Angkarn Kalayanapong (; ; 13 February 1926 – 25 August 2012) was a Thai poet and artist. He was named a National Artist of Thailand in 1989, and won the S.E.A. Write Award in 1986.

Angkarn was born in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Southern Thailand. His father was a sub-district headman (kamnan). As a high school student, he started writing poems. He was admitted to study painting at the art-specialised Silpakorn University where he was taught, amongst others, by Silpa Bhirasri. In the 1950s, he became a professional writer. He deviated from the traditional schemes and rules of Thai poetry, which initially drew him criticism. Angkarn won the S.E.A. Write Award in 1986 and was named National Artist of Thailand in the field of literature in 1989. Next to his poetic works, Angkarn was noted for his drawings and paintings.

Angkarn was married and had one son and two daughters. In 2006, he supported the People's Alliance for Democracy ("Yellow Shirts") in their protests against Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. After suffering from a long-term heart disease and diabetes, Angkarn died at the age of 86 in Samitivej Hospital, Bangkok.

References

Angkarn Kalayanapong
1926 births
2012 deaths
Angkarn Kalayanapong
Angkarn Kalayanapong
Angkarn Kalayanapong
Angkarn Kalayanapong
20th-century poets
Angkarn Kalayanapong
Angkarn Kalayanapong

Angkarn Kalayanapong


Castres Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Benoît de Castres), now the Roman Catholic church of Saint Benoît (Saint Benedict), is a historical religious building  in Castres, Languedoc, France.

It was formerly the seat of the bishop of Castres, but the diocese was not restored after the French Revolution and was added by the Concordat of 1801 to the Archdiocese of Albi.

The first cathedral was built in the 14th century after the creation of the diocese of Castres in 1317, along with a number of other dioceses created in the region after the suppression of the Albigensians. It was destroyed during the French Wars of Religion.

The present building which replaced it was constructed in the 16th and 17th centuries.

External links
Location

Former cathedrals in France
Churches in Tarn (department)

Castres Cathedral


Brazil has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film since 1960. The award is handed out annually by the United States-based Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature length motion picture produced outside the U.S. that contains primarily non-English language dialogue. It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards, in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit was created for non-English speaking films, and has been given annually since.

As of 2023, 52 Brazilian films have been submitted for the award. Four of these submissions resulted in nominations for the Best Foreign Language Film category, but none of them won. Orfeu Negro, a Portuguese language film shot in Brazil by French director Marcel Camus, won the award at the 1959 ceremony, but it was submitted by the French government and thus France was credited as the recipient of the award.

Statistics
Films directed by Carlos Diegues (also known as Cacá Diegues) have been chosen to represent Brazil at the Academy Awards seven times, more than any other director. He is followed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, which had four of his films selected. None of their films, however, managed to achieve an Oscar nomination.

Three films by Bruno Barreto were submitted, although his biggest success, Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands, the second highest-grossing film in the history of Brazilian cinema, was not chosen. Four Days in September (1997) got nominated in 1998.

Suzana Amaral's Hour of the Star (1987) became the first film directed by a woman to be submitted, only twenty-nine years later another film directed by a female filmmaker was selected to be submitted as the Brazilian's entry, Anna Muylaert's The Second Mother (2015), with Babenco: Tell Me When I Die (2019), by Bárbara Paz, being the last.

Brazilian last nomination in the category was Central Station (1998), at the 71st Academy Awards, with Fernanda Montenegro being nominated in the Best Actress category that night. Even though City of God was selected as the Brazilian submission for the 75th Academy Awards, the film was famously snubbed, and subsequently nominated in the following ceremony, the 76th Academy Awards, for the Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing, categories.

Submissions
Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by the Brazilian government for Academy Award consideration. The Brazilian nominee is selected annually by a committee assembled by the Ministry of Culture (formerly the Ministry of Education and Culture).

See also
 List of Academy Award winners and nominees for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Academy Awards nominations for Brazilian films
 Cinema of Brazil

Notes

References

Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award submissions by country
Academy Award

List of Brazilian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film