Nigerians in Vietnam are mostly expatriates from Nigeria residing in Vietnam for business or economic purposes. They are part of a new wave of Nigerian emigrants going to non-traditional migration destinations such as Ethiopia, Ghana, and Mozambique rather than traditional favorites like Libya, the United Kingdom, or the United States. They refer to poor economic conditions in their homeland, including lack of electricity and public safety, as their primary motivations for emigration.

Business and employment
Many Africans, including Nigerians, run fashion shops in Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh City. Others are believed to have been attracted to the country by offers of contracts with Vietnamese football teams around 2006 and 2007, but were later replaced by Brazilian players and had their contracts terminated. Wages in the country are low, equivalent to just US$200/month even for a college graduate, meaning many of the migrants find it difficult to make a living.

Community organizations
In 2009, at the suggestion of Vietnamese immigration officials, Nigerian residents formed the Nigerian Union in Vietnam in an effort of self-policing, in order to improve the public image of Nigerians and represent legitimate Nigerian businesspeople effectively to the authorities.

References

External links
Nigerian Union in Vietnam

Ethnic groups in Vietnam
Vietnam

Nigerians in Vietnam


A rim lock is a locking device that attaches to the surface of a door.

It is the oldest type of lock used in the United Kingdom and Ireland.  It is of a basic design using  (usually) a single lever and a sliding bolt. Wards can be used for additional security. They are not used where high security is required. Most older locks were large, some as big as .

Most rimlocks used today on exterior doors in the British Isles are night latches.

In the United States, rim locks and rim latches are often used on wooden screen doors. A rim lock may also be seen on an antique pantry, pie safe, and other cabinets. Some rim lock and latch sets have a shallower backset than does a modern bored cylindrical lock or mortise lock, allowing their use on doors with narrow rails.

References

Locks (security device)

Rim lock


Brent Ashley Wilkes is the former National Executive Director of the League of United Latin American Citizens.

Personal life
Brent Ashley Wilkes graduated from Dartmouth College in Hanover, NH.  Currently he lives in Virginia with his wife Angela Cross Wilkes and his two sons.

Professional career
As the Executive Director of the largest and oldest Hispanic civil rights organization in the United States, Wilkes worked towards fulfilling the LULAC mission: "to advance the economic condition, educational attainment, political influence, health, housing and civil rights of the Hispanic population of the United States."

References

External links
Official Biography

1966 births
Living people
Dartmouth College alumni

Brent A. Wilkes


Kelontae Gavin (born March 28, 1999) is an American gospel singer and worship leader who is known for the gospel radio singles, "No Ordinary Worship" and "Higher."

Early life and education
Gavin was born in Charleston, SC but raised in Summerville, South Carolina, where he began to sing at Favor Ministries, a non-denominational church in Ridgeville, SC, at the age of four. He was a member of Bold Ministries International in Moncks Corner, South Carolina. He attended Summerville High School. Upon graduation, Gavin stated he planned to serve as a minister at the Ark of Salvation Church in Atlanta, Georgia and pursue a degree in divinity and theology.

Career
He developed notoriety when a 2014 YouTube video of him singing the hymn, "I Won't Complain," to a cafeteria worker at his former high school, went viral with over one million YouTube views. In 2016, Gavin was discovered by star-maker manager, Marquis Boone of Marquis Boone Enterprises, who formed a partnership with Tyscot Records to issue the radio single "Higher" in the fall of that year. It was produced by Myron Butler, a Grammy® Award-winning singer and songwriter. The song reached the Top 20 on Billboard Magazine's Gospel Indicator chart in the spring of 2017. The song also earned the singer a Stellar Gospel Music Award nomination in the category of Youth Project of the year in January 2018.

Gavin's radio single, "No Ordinary Worship," reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot Gospel Songs chart in March 2019 while his debut album, "The Higher Experience," made its debut at No. 2 on the Top Gospel Albums chart in spring of 2018. " The project was given 4/5 stars by Bob Marovich in a Journal of Gospel Music review that spotlighted the radio single. "`No Ordinary Worship' is no ordinary worship song and is likely to become Gavin's signature song," Marovich wrote. "The most robust piece on the album, it's a deep southern soul-style ballad that benefits greatly from impassioned singing, sassy responses from the BGVs, and an over-the-top sax solo."

Discography

Live albums
 The Higher Experience (2018)
 The N.O.W. Experience (2021)

Singles

Awards and nominations

|-
| 2018
| Higher (EP)
| Youth Project of the Year (Stellar Awards)
|
|-
| 2019
| Kelontae Gavin || New Artist of the Year (2019 Dove Awards)
|

References

External links

1999 births
Living people
American child singers
21st-century African-American male singers
American gospel singers
21st-century American singers
American Christian clergy
Musicians from Charleston, South Carolina
People from Summerville, South Carolina
Singers from South Carolina
21st-century American male singers

Kelontae Gavin


Roger Karl (29 April 1882 – 4 May 1984) was a French actor. Karl was born Roger Trouvé in Bourges.

Biography

A friend of Paul Léautaud he long hesitated between literary career, painting and theater. He first published his Journal under the name of Michel Balfort with the title Journal d'un homme de nulle part (Diary of a Man out of Nowhere). He tried theater before 1914 with the cast of Jacques Copeau, he also published with Mercure de France a novel, Une mère (A Mother), using the pseudonym PR Carle. Hired by Antoine at the Odeon Theater , he still participated in tours with Sarah Bernhardt and played the role of Dmitri Karamazov in The Brothers Karamazov, an adaptation of Jean Jacques Copeau and Croué. Member of the first troupe of the Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier in 1913-1914, he did not appreciate the ascetic atmosphere or gymnastic methods and became postwar interpreter of Porche Francis and Henry Bataille.

He then turned to film, where he played great supporting roles, notably in 1920 in L'Homme du large (Man of the Open Seas) by Marcel L'Herbier, after Un drame au bord de la mer (A Drama on the Seashore) by Honoré de Balzac, and La Femme de nulle part (The Woman from Nowhere) under the direction of Louis Delluc. He then toured with Julien Duvivier, Jean Grémillon, Abel Gance, Marc Allégret, Christian-Jaque, but he did not appreciate the constraints of film any more than those of theater and hide his talents in routine jobs.

Karl died in 1984 at the age of 102.

Selected filmography
 Misdeal (1928)
 Little Devil May Care (1928)
 Cagliostro (1929)
 Fantômas (1932)
 The Star of Valencia (1933)
 The Case of Doctor Brenner (1933)
 Gold (1934) (French-language version)
 Narcotics (1934)
 Prince Jean (1934)
 Moscow Nights (1934)
 The Mysteries of Paris (1935)
 Lucrezia Borgia (1935)
 The Decoy (1935)
 The Devil in the Bottle (1935)
 The Legend of Prague (1936)
 When Midnight Strikes (1936)
 In the Service of the Tsar (1936)
 The Phantom Gondola (1936)
 Street of Shadows (1937)
 Mademoiselle Docteur (1937)
 In Venice, One Night (1937)
 A Man to Kill (1937)
 Princess Tarakanova (1938)
 Fort Dolores (1939)
 Case of Conscience (1939)
 My Crimes After Mein Kampf (1940)
 Strange Inheritance (1943)
 The White Truck (1943)
 Boule de suif (1945)
 The Faceless Enemy (1946)
Rumours (1947)
 The Case of Doctor Laurent (1957)
 La Poupée (1962)

References

External links

1882 births
1984 deaths
French male film actors
French male silent film actors
Men centenarians
Actors from Bourges
20th-century French male actors

Roger Karl


Tavis Svend Hansen (born June 17, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.

Career
Hansen played two seasons (1993–1994 and 1994–1995) of junior hockey for the Tacoma Rockets of the Western Hockey League.

He was drafted in the 3rd round, 58th overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft.  Hansen made his NHL debut with the Jets after his second and final season in Tacoma. His NHL rights were transferred to Phoenix Coyotes when the franchise relocated in 1996 and he made his first appearance as a 'Yote in the 1996–1997 season. Hansen was, however, quickly returned to Springfield before being called up again in 1998–1999. He scored his first NHL goal, versus Calgary, in February 1999, during what would be a 20-game stint with the Coyotes that season. He also made his first NHL playoff appearance in 1998.

In 1999–2000, Hansen was named captain of the Springfield Falcons and recorded career highs for points (48) and penalty minutes (164) while still managing to lend his skills to the Coyotes for five games. He returned in 2000–01 for seven games in Phoenix, playing 24 for the Falcons, alongside Danny Briere.

Hansen missed a majority of the 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 seasons recovering from a shoulder injury suffered in a game vs. the Hershey Bears (AHL) on February 3, 2001.  Ironically, Hershey later signed him as a free agent and he helped the Bears make a run at playoffs to finish off the 2001–2002 season.  He was signed as a free agent by San Jose Sharks on September 5, 2002, and played the next two seasons as captain for the Cleveland Barons (the Sharks' AHL affiliate).

During the 2004–2005 NHL lockout, Hansen made his first move overseas to play for Oji in the Asia League Ice Hockey.  He played the next two years for HC TWK Innsbruck (Erste Bank Eishockey Liga-Austria), and captained the Tirolean team his second season.

Tavis Hansen retired from professional hockey in April 2007.  He resides in Seattle, Washington with his family.

Career statistics

External links

Springfield Falcons "Where Are They Now?"

1975 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Cleveland Barons (2001–2006) players
HC TWK Innsbruck players
Hershey Bears players
Oji Eagles players
Ice hockey people from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Phoenix Coyotes players
Springfield Falcons players
Tacoma Rockets players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) draft picks
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players
20th-century Canadian people
21st-century Canadian people

Tavis Hansen


Ductility is when a solid material stretches under tensile strain. If ductile, a material may be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under pressure (compressive stress). If malleable, a material may be flattened by hammering or rolling.

Both of these properties are aspects of plasticity.  Plasticity is how far a solid material can be deformed without fracture.  These properties are commonplace in metals, and are dependent on temperature and pressure.  This was investigated by Percy Williams Bridgman as part of his 1946 Nobel Prize–winning work on high pressures.

Ductility and malleability do not always go together. Gold has high ductility and malleability, but lead has low ductility and high malleability.  The word ductility is sometimes used to embrace both types of plasticity.

Gold, copper, aluminium, and steel have high ductility.

References

Related pages
 Stress (mechanics)

Materials science

Ductility


Alectryon oleifolius, commonly known as boonaree, inland rosewood or bullock bush (South Australia), is a species of small tree of the soapberry family Sapindaceae, native to Australia.

Taxonomy
The French botanist René Louiche Desfontaines described the bonaree in 1818 as Heterodendrum oleifolium,  and it was reclassified in the genus Alectryon in 1987. The species name is derived from the resemblance of its leaves to those of an olive tree. It is known by a variety of common names, including western rosewood, inland rosewood, bullock bush, cattle bush, jiggo, boonery, boneree, bush minga, applebush, and red heart.

Three subspecies are recognised: subspecies elongatus is a taller plant with greener longer leaves found in more easterly parts of western New South Wales. It grows on heavier soils. Subspecies canescens has greyer foliage and is found on limestone-sand soils and is more prone to suckering. Subspecies oleifolius is found in the more northern parts of Western Australia.

Description
Alectryon oleifolius grows as a large shrub to medium-size tree to 9 m (30 ft) high, with drooping branches. The trunk has deeply furrowed grey to brown bark. The stiff long narrow leaves are greyish green and measure 3.5–14 cm long and 0.6–1.2 mm wide.

Distribution and habitat
The range is across all states of inland Australia. In New South Wales it is found throughout the dryer parts of interior and west of the state, most commonly on sandy soils with limestone associated with belah (Casuarina cristata).

Ecology and toxicity
Alectryon oleifolius sheds leaves, more commonly over the summer months. Although palatable and formerly lopped for drought fodder, Alectryon oleifolius is toxic to livestock (particularly ruminants), as it contains cyanogenic glycosides which are converted to hydrogen cyanide when digested. Poisoning is much more likely to occur with starving stock, and when new growth is consumed. At other times, the foliage has been eaten without ill-effects.

Some populations of Alectryon oleifolius reproduce by suckering, forming small stands of clonal plants.

References

oleifolius
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Rosids of Western Australia
Plants described in 1818
Taxa named by René Louiche Desfontaines

Alectryon oleifolius


3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS or DNSA, IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid) is an aromatic compound that reacts with reducing sugars and other reducing molecules to form 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid, which strongly absorbs light at 540 nm. It was first introduced as a method to detect reducing substances in urine by James B. Sumner and has since been widely used, for example, for quantifying carbohydrate levels in blood. It is mainly used in assay of alpha-amylase. However, enzymatic methods are usually preferred due to DNS's lack of specificity.

Synthesis
3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid can be prepared by the nitration of salicylic acid.

References

Dinitrophenols
Salicylic acids

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid


Charles H. Blosser (September 7, 1895 – December 30, 1989) was the namesake of Blosser Municipal Airport in Concordia, Kansas.  A longtime airplane enthusiast, Blosser owned and ran the airport privately until transferring it to the city of Concordia.

Blosser moved to Norway, Kansas, from Saline County, Missouri. On October 20, 1921, he was married to Isabell A. Collins at Belleville.

Aviation accomplishments
In 1930, Blosser laid the first dirt airstrip on his farm on what would become Blosser Municipal Airport.  He later donated the land to the city for airport use.

In 1935, Blosser was honored by the Concordia Chamber of Commerce for his "heroic services during the Republican River flood" in June of that year. Blosser would fly over flooded areas, acted as a spotter for rescue boats, dropped food to stranded individuals and acted as a shuttle service by flying people back and forth across the flooded river. Blosser is credited with rescuing twenty-eight people from the flood.

In 1988, he was awarded the Kansas Governor's Aviation Honors Award and was inducted into the Kansas Aviation Hall of Fame in 1990. At one time, he was the oldest living licensed pilot in the United States.

Blosser was instrumental in making Kansas a member of the National Bureau of Reclamation and in working with the late Senator Frank Carlson and the United States Bureau of Reclamation in getting flood control along the Republican River.

Local politics
Blosser was elected mayor of Concordia and served a term from 1931 to 1933.

References

External links

1895 births
1989 deaths
People from Concordia, Kansas
People from Republic County, Kansas
American aviators
Mayors of places in Kansas

Charles H. Blosser


Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk is a satirical war novel written by Ben Fountain, which was published in early May 2012 by Ecco Press, a publishing imprint of HarperCollins. The novel chronicles the experience of a group of Iraq War veterans who are hailed as heroes and sent on a victory tour following their engagement in an intense firefight that happened to be caught on camera. Set during a single day, the story primarily focuses on Specialist Billy Lynn's perspective as he struggles to reconnect with his family and come to grips with the huge disconnect between the realities of the war at home and the war overseas as Bravo Squad is sent to participate in the Dallas Cowboys' Thanksgiving halftime show. The novel's primary themes include fraternity, the commercialization of war, and what it really means to support the war when the real costs are barely felt by the majority of US citizens at home.

A sharp satire, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk is Fountain's first novel. It received highly positive reviews from critics and won several awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction and the Flaherty-Dunnan First Novel Prize. It was also a finalist for the 2012 National Book Award. The novel was especially praised for its dialogue and "pitch-perfect ear for American talk." A film adaptation of the novel directed by Ang Lee was released in November 2016.

Plot
19-year-old Specialist Billy Lynn is part of an eight-man unit, Bravo Squad, fighting in Iraq. After key moments of a brief but intense fight anointed as "the Battle of Al-Ansakar Canal" are filmed by an embedded Fox News crew, Lynn and seven other surviving members return to the US hailed as war heroes. Lynn is awarded the Silver Star.

The squad is sent on a two-week nationwide Victory Tour by the Bush administration to evoke support for the war. The culmination of the Victory Tour is Bravo Squad's invitation to attend the Dallas Cowboys' Thanksgiving game as the team's guests and to make an appearance during the halftime show with Destiny's Child. The squad is also accompanied by Albert Ratner, a veteran Hollywood producer who has attached himself to Bravo Squad and is trying to help them sell the rights of their story to a movie studio. Albert hopes to secure Cowboys owner Norman Oglesby as a major investor for the film project, and while Norman is interested in the project he reduces Albert's initial offer for Bravo Squad's story from $100,000 apiece to $5,500 each.

It is later revealed that following the Victory Tour, the government has not relieved the men of their duty for their achievements and they are to return to Iraq. A long flashback section of the book relays an earlier visit Lynn spends with his family in small-town Texas where his sister encourages him to consider abandoning the army and refusing to return to fight in Iraq.

As the book progresses, Lynn begins to express disenchantment with the treatment of supposed war heroes from American citizens who have seen nothing of war. He engages in a fight, has revelations about his family and how he was raised, reconsiders past decisions, and reminisces about dead comrades, including Shroom, the sergeant who died in Billy's arms in Iraq. As Lynn's time in the US and at the Cowboys' stadium wraps to a close, he experiences a lusty and intimate romance with a cheerleader on the team. However, she becomes shocked and noticeably shaken when he informs her that he is to return to duty despite his squad's accomplishments. She reassures him she wants to stay in contact and that they will make it work, but he is not so optimistic: he figures that people do not want to wait years for a soldier to return home. As he leaves, he finds comfort in his comrades and friends, who accompany him as they leave Texas Stadium.

Film adaptation

A movie based on the novel premiered at the New York Film Festival on October 14, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on November 11, 2016. Directed by Ang Lee, the film starred Joe Alwyn in the title role.

References

2012 American novels
American novels adapted into films
Dallas Cowboys
Novels set in Iraq
Novels set in Texas
2012 debut novels
National Book Critics Circle Award-winning works
Ecco Press books
American war novels

Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk


Retching (also called dry heaving or gagging) is when the motion of the stomach and esophagus goes backward, but there is no vomiting. It can be caused by bad smells, choking or stopping certain medications. It can also be because of stress.

Retching is different from vomiting. During a retch, pressure in the thorax goes down and pressure in the abdomen goes up. In vomiting, both pressures go up.

Symptoms

Retching


Alan Eugene Jackson (born October 17, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter. He is known for performing a style widely regarded as "neotraditional country", as well as penning many of his own songs. Jackson has recorded 21 studio albums, including two Christmas albums, and two gospel albums, as well as released three greatest-hits albums.

Jackson is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold over 75 million records worldwide, with 44 million sold in the United States alone. He has had 66 songs appear on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart; of the 66 titles, and six featured singles, 38 have reached the top five and 35 have claimed the number one spot. Out of 15 titles to reach the Billboard Top Country Albums chart, nine have been certified multi-platinum. He is the recipient of two Grammy Awards, 16 CMA Awards, 17 ACM Awards and nominee of multiple other awards. He is a member of the Grand Ole Opry, and was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 2001. He was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2017 by Loretta Lynn and into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2018.

Early life
Jackson was born to Joseph Eugene "Daddy Gene" Jackson (1927–2000) and Ruth Musick "Mama Ruth" Jackson (1930–2017) in Newnan, Georgia, and has four older sisters. He and his immediate family lived in a small home built around his grandfather's old toolshed. The family is primarily of English descent. His mother lived in the home until her death on January 7, 2017. He began writing music in 1983.

Growing up, Jackson listened primarily to gospel music, until a friend introduced him to Gene Watson, John Anderson, and Hank Williams Jr. Jackson attended the local Elm Street Elementary and Newnan High School, and joined the band Dixie Steel after graduation. When he was 27, Jackson and his wife of six years, Denise, moved from Newnan to Nashville, Tennessee, where he hoped to pursue music full-time. In 1987, Jackson cut a pre-debut demo album titled New Traditional at Doc's Place in Hendersonville, Tennessee, but it is extremely rare and was released only in Japan.

Career

In Tennessee, Jackson got his first job in The Nashville Network's mailroom. His wife Denise was a flight attendant. While working, she came in contact with Glen Campbell and requested advice for her husband. Campbell handed her his business card of his manager and told her to call, which helped jumpstart his career.  Jackson eventually signed with Arista, and in 1989, he became the first artist signed to the newly formed Arista Nashville branch of Arista Records. Arista released Jackson's debut single, "Blue Blooded Woman", in late 1989. Although the song failed to reach top 40 on Hot Country Songs, he reached number three by early 1990 with "Here in the Real World". This song served as the title track to his debut studio album, Here in the Real World, which also included two more top five hits ("Wanted" and "Chasin' That Neon Rainbow") and his first number one, "I'd Love You All Over Again". Don't Rock the Jukebox was the title of Jackson's second album. Released in 1991, it included four number-one singles: the title track, "Someday", "Dallas" and "Love's Got a Hold on You", and the number three "Midnight in Montgomery". Jackson also co-wrote several songs on Randy Travis' 1991 album High Lonesome.

A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love), his third album, accounted for the number one hits "She's Got the Rhythm (And I Got the Blues)" (which Randy Travis co-wrote) and "Chattahoochee", plus the top five hits "Tonight I Climbed the Wall", "Mercury Blues" and "(Who Says) You Can't Have It All". "Chattahoochee" also won him the 1994 Country Music Association (CMA) awards for Single and Song of the Year. In 1994, Jackson left his management company, Ten Ten Management, which had overseen his career up to that point, and switched to Gary Overton. His fourth album was titled Who I Am, and it contained four number one hits: a cover of the Eddie Cochran rockabilly standard "Summertime Blues", followed by "Livin' on Love", "Gone Country" and "I Don't Even Know Your Name". An additional track from the album, a cover of Rodney Crowell's "Song for the Life", made number six. In late 1994, Clay Walker reached number one with "If I Could Make a Living", which Jackson co-wrote. Jackson also appeared in the 1996 "When Harry Kept Delores" episode of Home Improvement, performing "Mercury Blues".

Mid-to-late 1990s
The Greatest Hits Collection was released on October 24, 1995. The disc contained 17 hits, two newly recorded songs ("I'll Try" and "Tall, Tall Trees"), and the song "Home" from Here in the Real World that had never been released as a single. These first two songs both made number one. Everything I Love followed in 1996. Its first single, the Tom T. Hall-penned "Little Bitty", took Jackson to the top of the charts in late 1996. The album also included the number one hit "There Goes" and a number two cover of Charly McClain's 1980 single "Who's Cheatin' Who". The album's fifth single was "A House with No Curtains", which became his first release since 1989 to miss the top 10.

1998's High Mileage was led off by the number four "I'll Go On Loving You". After it came the album's only number one hit, "Right on the Money", co-written by Phil Vassar and Charlie Black. With Jackson's release of Under the Influence in 1999, he took the double risk on an album of covers of country classics while retaining a traditional sound when a rock- and pop-tinged sound dominated country radio. When the Country Music Association (CMA) asked George Jones to trim his act to 90 seconds for the 1999 CMA awards, Jones decided to boycott the event. In solidarity, Jackson interrupted his own song and launched into Jones's song "Choices" and then walked offstage.

2000s

Due to a shift in the sound of country music towards a more pop sound in the 1990s and 2000s, he and George Strait criticized the state of country music in the song "Murder on Music Row". The song sparked debate in the country music community about whether "traditional" country music was actually dead or not.  Despite the fact that the song was not officially released as a single, it became the highest-charting nonseasonal album cut (not available in any retail single configuration or released as a promotional single to radio during a chart run) to appear on Hot Country Singles & Tracks in the Broadcast Data Systems era, beating the record previously held by Garth Brooks' "Belleau Wood."  The duo were invited to open the 2000 Academy of Country Music Awards (ACMAs) with a performance of the tune. Rolling Stone commented on Jackson's style remarking, "If Garth and Shania have raised the bar for country concerts with Kiss-style production and endless costume changes, then Alan Jackson is doing his best to return the bar to a more human level." After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Jackson released "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" as a tribute to those killed in the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The country/soft rock song became a hit single and briefly propelled him into the mainstream spotlight; Jackson had debuted the song at the 2001 CMA Awards and his performance was generally considered the highlight of the show. Jackson's website crashed the next day from server requests. The song came to Jackson suddenly, and had not been scheduled for any official release, but the live performance began receiving radio airplay and was soon released as a single. It was included on his 2002 album Drive, both the live version from his CMA performance, and a radio version.

Jackson released his second Christmas album (after Honky Tonk Christmas in 1993), titled Let It Be Christmas on October 22, 2002. Jeannie Kendall contacted Jackson to do a duet, and he suggested the song "Timeless and True Love"; the song appeared on her first solo album, released in 2003. In early 2006, Jackson released his first gospel music album entitled Precious Memories. He put together the album at the request of his mother, who enjoyed religious music. Jackson considered this album a "side project" and nothing too official, but it was ultimately treated as such. More than 1.8 million units were eventually sold.

Just a few months later, Jackson released his next album, Like Red on a Rose. Originally intended to be a bluegrass album, Like Red on a Rose had a different producer and sound. Keith Stegall was notably absent from this album and, instead, Alison Krauss took over the producing reins. Unlike Jackson's previous albums, the album abandoned Jackson's typical neotraditional country style and instead, went for a soft rock/adult contemporary sound. This move proved controversial for his fans, who accused him of abandoning his signature style in order to go for a more commercial pop route. Although critically acclaimed, the album was considered a commercial disappointment for the singer. For his next album, he went back to his country roots. Good Time was released on March 4, 2008. The album's first single, "Small Town Southern Man", was released to radio on November 19, 2007. "Country Boy", "Good Time", "Sissy's Song" and "I Still Like Bologna", were also released as singles. "Sissy's Song" is dedicated to a longtime friend of the Jackson family (Leslie "Sissy" Fitzgerald) who worked in their house every day. Fitzgerald was killed in a motorcycle accident in mid-2007.

2010s and 2020s

His sixteenth studio album,  Freight Train, was released on March 30, 2010. The first single was "It's Just That Way", which debuted at No. 50 in January 2010. "Hard Hat and a Hammer" is the album's second single, released in May 2010. On November 23, 2010, Jackson released another greatest-hits package, entitled 34 Number Ones, which features a cover of the Johnny Cash hit "Ring of Fire", as well as the duet with Zac Brown Band, "As She's Walking Away". On January 20, 2011, Sony Music Nashville announced that Jackson and his Sony-owned record label, Arista Nashville, had parted. In March of that year, Jackson announced his new deal with Capitol's EMI Records Nashville. It was a joint venture between ACR (Alan's Country Records) and Capitol. All records were to be released and marketed through Capitol's EMI Records Nashville label.

In 2012, Jackson released the album Thirty Miles West. Three singles were released from the album: "Long Way to Go", "So You Don't Have to Love Me Anymore" and "You Go Your Way". None of the singles reached the top 20. A tour in 2013 supported the album. Jackson released his second gospel album, Precious Memories Volume II, on March 26, 2013. Later that same year, Jackson released his first (and so far, only) bluegrass album, simply titled The Bluegrass Album. Two singles were released from the album: "Blue Ridge Mountain Song" and "Blacktop". The album eventually peaked at no. 1 on the Billboard Top Bluegrass Albums chart and no. 3 on the country chart. In 2014, Jackson recorded the opening credits song, "A Million Ways to Die", for the film A Million Ways to Die in the West, co-writing the song with Seth MacFarlane and Joel McNeely.

In August 2014, the Country Music Hall of Fame opened an exhibit celebrating Jackson's 25 years in the music industry. It was also announced that he was an artist in residency as well, performing shows on October 8 and 22. The exhibit highlights the different milestones in his career with memorabilia collected over the years. His twenty-fifth anniversary "Keeping It Country" tour, began on January 8, 2015, in Estero, Florida. In January 2015, Jackson began his 25th anniversary "Keepin' It Country" tour, followed in April with the announcement of his twentieth studio album, Angels and Alcohol, which was released on July 17. In 2016, Jackson was selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of "Take Me Home, Country Roads", "On the Road Again" and "I Will Always Love You" which celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards. In 2016 and 2017, Jackson extended his "Keepin' It Country" tour with American Idol alumna Lauren Alaina. In August 2016, Legacy Recordings released the collection "Genuine: The Alan Jackson Story" digitally and on three CDs with 59 tracks including eight previously unreleased tracks which was dedicated to Merle Haggard's memory. In October 2017, Alan Jackson released a new song titled "The Older I Get" for a planned future studio album. The album Where Have You Gone would be released four years later; the record features an even harder, more traditional country sound than Jackson's usual repertoire, with Jackson noting in interviews that he feared that "country music is gone, and it's not coming back."

Awards, nominations and induction into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame
In 1989, he was nominated for a total of six Country Music Association Awards (CMAs). He was nominated for four 1994 CMAs, including Entertainer of the Year. Jackson became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in 1991; he was inducted by Roy Acuff and Randy Travis. Jackson was the most nominated artist at the 29th annual TNN/Music City News Country Awards that was broadcast June 5 from the Grand Ole Opry House. His six nominations included best entertainer, male artist, vocal collaboration, album, single, and video (two nominations in this category).
At the 2002 CMAs, Jackson set a record for having the most nominations in a single year – ten – many rising from the song "Where Were You". It also brought his career total up to the second number of most nominations ever, after George Strait. "Where Were You" also was nominated for a Grammy for Song of the Year. At the 2003 Academy of Country Music Awards, Jackson won Album of the Year for Drive and Video of the Year for the video to  "Drive (For Daddy Gene)."

In 2004, a five-mile (8 km) stretch of Interstate 85 through Jackson's hometown of Newnan was renamed the "Alan Jackson Highway" in the singer's honor. After learning of the honor, he stated "[Newnan] was a great place to grow up. I'm not sure I'm quite qualified for the main highway. Maybe they should've picked a dirt road or something." Jackson was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame on October 22, 2001, in Atlanta. Alan Jackson was selected to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010. In 2017, Alan Jackson was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame.

Touring
Jackson headlined the 1995 Fruit of the Loom Comfort Tour, a deal worth $40 million. It began January 20 in New Orleans and ran for a hundred dates. Alan Jackson's 2004 concert tour launched January 23 in Fort Myers, Florida, and was sponsored by NAPA Auto Parts in a deal that included Jackson's endorsement in TV spots. The tour included more than 50 U.S. dates. Martina McBride was the opening for some of the shows. In March 2011, he visited Australia to perform for the CMC Rocks The Hunter music festival where he was the headline act for Saturday night. In 2015, Jackson kicked off his 25th Anniversary Keepin' It Country tour. The tour began with a concert in Estero, Florida, on January 8 at the Germane Arena. Jon Pardi & Brandy Clark are special guests for most concerts of the tour. The tour wrapped with a solo concert in Highland Park, Illinois, at the Ravinia Pavilion on August 31.

In March 2022, Jackson announced his farewell tour "One More For The Road Tour."

Band members
Jackson records his studio albums, in most part, with the backing of some of the members of his live band, the Strayhorns. As of 2022, the band consists of:
 Mark McClurg – acoustic guitar, harmony vocals
 Scott Coney – acoustic and baritone guitars, banjo
 Rusty Danmyer – steel guitar
 Danny Groah – lead guitar
 Ryan Joseph – fiddle, mandolin, harmony vocals
 Bruce Rutherford – drums
 Joey Schmidt – keyboards
 Roger Wills – bass guitar

Personal life

Jackson married his high school sweetheart, Denise Jackson, on December 15, 1979. They have three daughters: Mattie Denise Selecman (born June 19, 1990), Alexandra Jane "Ali" (born August 23, 1993), and Dani Grace (born August 28, 1997). The couple became grandparents in December 2022 when their daughter Ali and her husband Sam Bradshaw welcomed their first child, a son. Although the couple separated for several months in 1998 due to the strains of Jackson's career as well as his infidelity, they have since reconciled.

Denise Jackson wrote a book that topped The New York Times Best Seller list about her life with Jackson, their relationship, their separation over his infidelity and recommitment to each other, and her commitment to Christianity. The book, It's All About Him: Finding the Love of My Life, was published in 2007. In May 2008, she released a gift book titled The Road Home. Jackson's nephew, Adam Wright, is also a country music singer-songwriter. Adam and his wife, Shannon, perform together as a duo called The Wrights. The Wrights co-wrote two songs and sang harmony vocals on Jackson's What I Do album. Jackson is a cousin of former Major League Baseball player Brandon Moss. In June 2009, Jackson listed his  estate just outside Franklin, Tennessee, for sale, asking $38 million. The property sold in late May 2010 for $28 million, one of the highest prices ever for a home sale in the Nashville area. In 2010, the  singer then moved into a home in the same Nashville suburb. The singer and his wife paid $3.675 million for the estate in June 2010, but less than a year later they listed the home for $3.995 million.

Jackson maintained a close friendship with fellow country singer George Jones. Jones has been mentioned in songs such as "Don't Rock the Jukebox" (Jones also appeared in the video which accompanied it) and "Murder on Music Row." The song "Just Playin' Possum" is dedicated to Jones and talks of how Alan only wants to lie low and play possum (with "possum" referring to George Jones.) Jones can also be seen in the video for "Good Time." In 2008, Jones was a surprise guest at Jackson's "CMT Giants" ceremony, where he thanked Jackson for his friendship. He's also close friends with George Strait, who sang "Murder on Music Row" with him. Besides his associations with big stars, Jackson maintains his connections to his roots and old friends.<ref name="Tyler Moreland 2008">Tyler Moreland, March 8, 2008, Times-Herald," Community Edition, "Highway Renamed"</ref>

At George Jones' funeral service, on May 2, 2013, Jackson performed one of Jones' classics, "He Stopped Loving Her Today," at the close of the service at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. An avid classic car collector, Jackson's collection includes an Amphicar, a 1968 Shelby GT 500 KR Convertible and a 1970 Chevelle SS 396, among others.

In a 2021 appearance on The Today Show, Jackson announced he had Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT), stating "...it's been affecting me for years. And it's getting more and more obvious. And I know I'm stumbling around on stage. And now I'm having a little trouble balancing, even in front of the microphone, and so I just feel very uncomfortable."

Selected discography

 New Traditional (1987)
 Here in the Real World (1990)
 Don't Rock the Jukebox (1991)
 A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'Bout Love) (1992)
 Honky Tonk Christmas (1993)
 Who I Am (1994)
 Everything I Love (1996)
 High Mileage (1998)
 Under the Influence (1999)
 When Somebody Loves You (2000)
 Drive (2002)
 Let It Be Christmas (2002)
 What I Do (2004)
 Precious Memories (2006)
 Like Red on a Rose (2006)
 Good Time (2008)
 Freight Train (2010)
 Thirty Miles West (2012)
 Precious Memories Volume II (2013)
 The Bluegrass Album (2013)
 Angels and Alcohol (2015)
 Where Have You Gone'' (2021)

Awards
American Music Awards
 American Music Award for Favorite Country Single 1993; "Chattahoochee"
 1993 Favorite Country Album – "A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)"

Academy of Country Music
 1990 Top New Male Vocalist
 1991 Album of the Year – "Don't Rock the Jukebox"
 1991 Single of the Year – "Don't Rock the Jukebox"
 1993 Album of the Year – "A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love)"
 1993 Single of the Year – "Chattahoochee"
 1994 Top Male Vocalist
 1995 Top Male Vocalist
 2001 Single of the Year – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
 2001 Song of the Year – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
 2001 Top Male Vocalist
 2002 Album of the Year – "Drive"
 2002 Video of the Year – "Drive (For Daddy Gene)"
 2003 Single of the Year – "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
 2003 Vocal Event of the Year with Jimmy Buffett – "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
 2018 Cliffie Stone Icon Award

Billboard Music Awards
 2014 Top Christian Album - "Precious Memories Volume II"

CMT Music Awards
 2022 Artist of a Lifetime

Country Music Association
 1992 Music Video of the Year – "Midnight in Montgomery"
 1993 Music Video of the Year – "Chattahoochee"
 1993 Single of the Year – "Chattahoochee"
 1993 Vocal Event of the Year – "I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair"
 1994 Song of the Year with Jim McBride – "Chattahoochee"
 1995 Entertainer of the Year
 2000 Vocal Event of the Year – "Murder on Music Row"
 2002 Album of the Year – "Drive"
 2002 Male Vocalist of the Year
 2002 Entertainer of the Year
 2002 Single of the Year – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
 2002 Song of the Year – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
 2003 Entertainer of the Year
 2003 Male Vocalist of the Year
 2003 Vocal Event of the Year with Jimmy Buffett – "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
 2022 Willie Nelson Lifetime Achievement Award

Grammy Awards
 2002 Best Country Song – "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)"
 2011 Best Country Collaboration with Vocals- "As She's Walking Away", with Zac Brown Band

ASCAP Awards
 2014 Country Music Award for Heritage Award

Golden Boot Awards
 2014 Album of the Year – "The Bluegrass Album"

Other Honors
2017: Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame

References

External links

Living people
American country singer-songwriters
American bluegrass musicians
American gospel musicians
American male singer-songwriters
American people of English descent
Arista Nashville artists
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Grammy Award winners
Grand Ole Opry members
People from Newnan, Georgia
People from Coweta County, Georgia
EMI Records artists
American country guitarists
Guitarists from Georgia (U.S. state)
American acoustic guitarists
1958 births
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singer-songwriters

Alan Jackson


AIM or Aim may refer to:

Computing
 AIM alliance, an Apple-IBM-Motorola alliance
 AIM (software), AOL Instant Messenger
 Fortyfive, a Japanese software development company previously known as AIM

Military
 Abrams Integrated Management, an upgrade to the M1A1 model of the M1 Abrams tank (known as M1A1 AIM)
 Airborne intercept missile, US DoD designation for air-to-air missiles such as AIM-7 Sparrow
 Authoring Instructional Materials,  US Navy training management system
 Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 (AIM, AIMS), Model 63, 65, 90 assault rifles
 Pușcă Automată model 1986 (AIMS-74), Model 86 automatic rifle

Music
 "A.I.M.", single by the Cooper Temple Clause from Kick Up the Fire, and Let the Flames Break Loose
 "AIM", song by Tyga from the album No Introduction
 AIM (album), 2016 album by M.I.A.
 Aim (musician), stage name of Andrew Turner, British musician, producer, and DJ of the 2000s
 American Institute of Musicology, early music musicological organization
 Anugerah Industri Muzik, Malaysia's annual music awards ceremony
 Australian Institute of Music, Sydney

Organizations
 Accuracy in Media, a conservative American watchdog
 Adult Industry Medical Health Care Foundation, former US non-profit
 Advanced Idea Mechanics, a criminal organization in  Marvel Comics
 Adventures In Missions (Texas)
 Africa Inland Mission, a Christian mission
 Agape International Missions
 Alliance for Independent Madhesh
 Alzheimer's Impact Movement
 American Identity Movement, a white nationalist movement
 American Indian Movement
 American Institute of Mathematics
 Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility, an American trade organization
 Association of Independent Museums
 Association of Independent Music
 Australian Indigenous Ministries, formerly Aborigines Inland Mission

Education
 AIM North London Academy, England
 AIM Academy, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States
 Asian Institute of Management, Makati, Philippines
 Assam Institute of Management, Guwahati, Assam, India

Science
 Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere, a NASA satellite
 Ancestry-informative marker, in genetics
 Asteroid Impact Mission, a cancelled ESA asteroid probe
 Metric space aimed at its subspace

Other uses

Advanced Idea Mechanics, a fictional organization in the Marvel Comics universe
 Aeronautical Information Manual, North American official guide
 Affect infusion model, in psychology
 Ai Maeda (voice actress), also called AiM
 AIM, or Aboriginal and Islander Message, a successor newspaper to Koori Bina, published in Sydney, Australia (1979–1982)
 Aim (demon), in the Lesser Key of Solomon
 AIM (motorcycle), Italy, 1974–1982
 Aim toothpaste
 Aim (trigraph)
AIM md. 63, a Romanian AKM firearm, model name of a Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965 produced for export
 AIM-65, a computer
 Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange
 American Indian Movement, a Native American movement
 Arena International Master, a  FIDE chess arena title
 Artificial intelligence marketing, a form of marketing

See also
 Aiming, the act of pointing a weapon accurately enough to hit its target (for example, see aiming point)
 AIMS (disambiguation)

AIM


Crab duplex-specific nuclease is a nuclease derived from the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus, kamchatka crab) hepatopancreas that displays a strong preference for cleaving double-stranded DNA and DNA in DNA–RNA hybrid duplexes, compared to single-stranded DNA. Moreover, the cleavage rate of short, perfectly matched DNA duplexes by this enzyme is essentially higher than that for non-perfectly matched duplexes of the same length. It has been applied to SNP detection and RNA normalization.

References

King crabs
EC 3.1

Crab duplex-specific nuclease


Kenniscentrum Psychologie (The Center for Psychology, KCP) is a Dutch community of psychologists and related professionals. Its members form a "virtual action learning group" for expertise. Furthermore, for anyone who deals with psychology, it is a major medium for monitoring the latest developments, including the publication of news, scientific articles and columns. KCP also serves as a job market through its job and resume bank.

External links

Organisations based in the Netherlands

Kenniscentrum Psychologie


The Opel Sintra is a large MPV produced by the German automaker Opel from 1996 to 1999. The Sintra is branded as Opel in Europe and Vauxhall in Great Britain. It was a European version of GM's U-Body minivans and built on the same production line in Doraville, Georgia.

The reason the Sintra was not a success was because EuroNCAP tested a 1998 model and found it only scored 2.5 Stars, forcing Opel and Vauxhall to drop the model in early 1999. The model was criticised for its dull styling and poor build quality as well as being unsatisfying to own. Because the Astra-Based Zafira MPV debuted when the Sintra finished production in 1999, sometimes it is said that the Zafira replaced the Sintra, but actually Opel never had another Large MPV after the Sintra and then eventually Opel abandoned the Large MPV market in Europe.

1990s automobiles
Sintra

Opel Sintra


There have been a vast number of designs of steam boiler, particularly towards the end of the 19th century when the technology was evolving rapidly. A great many of these took the names of their originators or primary manufacturers, rather than a more descriptive name. Some large manufacturers also made boilers of several types. Accordingly, it is difficult to identify their technical aspects from merely their name. This list presents these known, notable names and a brief description of their main characteristics.

See also
 Glossary of boiler terminology

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

W

Y

References

Fire-tube boilers
Water-tube boilers
Steam boilers
Boilers
Steam power

List of boiler types by manufacturer


The  premiership of Stephen Harper began on February 6, 2006, when the first Cabinet headed by Stephen Harper was sworn in by Governor General Michaelle Jean. Harper was invited to form the 28th Canadian Ministry, becoming Prime Minister of Canada following the 2006 election, where Harper's Conservative Party won a plurality of seats in the House of Commons of Canada, defeating the Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin's government. In the 2011 federal election, Harper won his first and only majority government.

Background
From Canadian Confederation until the 1993 election, the Liberal Party's control has been the rule of who was in power in Canada, with short-lived Conservative governments to break up their long stretches of governance. Stephen Harper, then a member of Parliament, and political scientist Tom Flanagan described this as "a benign dictatorship, not under a strict one-party rule, but under a one-party-plus system beset by the factionalism, regionalism and cronyism that accompany any such system". In 1993, the Progressive Conservatives were reduced from a majority government to fifth place and two seats in the House of Commons. They were displaced by the Reform Party of Canada in Western Canada, the Bloc Québécois in Québec, and the Liberals throughout the country due to vote splitting.

Harper was elected in 1993 as a Reform MP. He resigned before the 1997 election and became an advocate of the Unite the Right movement, which argued for a merger of the Progressive Conservative and Reform Parties. Harper went on to win the leadership of the Canadian Alliance (the successor party to the Reform Party) in 2002. In 2003, Harper and Progressive Conservative leader Peter MacKay agreed to merge their parties into the new Conservative Party of Canada. Harper was elected leader of the new party in 2004.

In the 2004 election, the Liberals were reduced to a minority government due to a government spending scandal and the success of the newly united right-of-centre opposition party. Harper went on to lead the Conservatives to win a plurality of seats in the 2006 election and formed the smallest minority government in Canadian history.

Popular support
The Conservatives won 124 (or 40.3% of the total) seats in the House of Commons of Canada in the 2006 election while receiving 36.3% of the popular vote, and won 143 seats (or 46.4% of the total) in the 2008 election while receiving 37.7% of the popular vote. In the 2011 election, the Conservatives won 166 seats (54% of the total) with 39.6% of the popular vote.

Conventional wisdom before the 2011 election previously held that winning a federal majority without significant support in the province of Quebec would be near impossible. The Conservatives disproved this, winning an eleven-seat majority with only five seats in Quebec. The Conservatives won considerably more popular support outside of Quebec than they did elsewhere, carrying 48% of the popular vote outside of Quebec. This was only the second time in Canadian history that a federal government was formed without a substantial number of seats from Quebec.

Media speculation was the Conservatives would need to win in excess of 40% of the popular vote to form a majority government, the stated goal of Harper in the 2011 election. However, the Liberal Party was able to win a majority with only 38.5% of the popular vote in 1997. The Conservatives have previously come very close to a majority with 37.7% of the popular vote (12 seats short) in 2008 and with 35.9% of the vote (6 seats short) in 1979.

Harper led the government through the longest lasting federal minority government in Canadian history, which ended when he achieved a majority victory in 2011.

Opinion polling between the 2006 and 2008 federal elections

From December 2006 to August 2008, the Conservatives and Liberals exchanged leads in opinion polls. From September through the election in October 2008, the Conservative led in all polls.

Opinion polling between the 2008 and 2011 federal elections

The Conservatives led in every public opinion poll released from March 2010 to the election. From January to September 2009 and again from January to February 2010 several polls showed the Liberals tied with or slightly leading Harper's Conservatives.

Opinion polling after the 2011 federal election

The Conservatives continued to maintain 37–39% support after the election. In March 2012, some polls showed the NDP tied with or surpassing the Conservatives and others show the Conservatives with a slim lead. In May 2012, the Tories dipped into second place behind the NDP, but the NDP quickly dropped again. In April 2013, the Conservatives dropped in second place in the polls behind the Liberals and their new leader Justin Trudeau. The Liberals would keep their lead until 2015. Upon the beginning of the election campaign in summer 2015, the three main federal parties were neck and neck with about 30% each in most polls. The Liberals ended up edging out the other parties during the campaign, and won the 2015 Canadian federal election.

Relationship with parliament, opposition parties
For most of Harper's tenure as prime minister, he led a minority government meaning he relied on the support (or abstention) of other parties in order to maintain the confidence of the House of Commons. The Harper government often relied on the official opposition Liberal caucus abstaining in whole or in part in order to allow confidence measures to pass. The government lost its first confidence vote on a Liberal sponsored censure motion on March 25, 2011, prompting Harper to seek dissolution and the calling of the 2011 general election.

Confidence in the House of Commons
The principal motions of confidence in the Canadian House of Commons are matters of supply (motions and bills concerning the budget and spending government monies) and the motion in reply to the Speech from the Throne. The government may also designate any vote to be a matter of confidence, and opposition parties may introduce motions that explicitly express a lack of confidence in the government.  During this period of Harper's tenureship, he began to increase the scope of what bills of the government could be considered confidence measures, reflecting the increasing willingness of the government to trigger an election based on favourable polling conditions.

Non-confidence motion and prorogation of Parliament, 2008

Harper precipitated a national controversy, which threatened to overturn his government, by fielding a spending bill in the fall of 2008 which would have stripped taxpayer funding from political parties and taken away the right to strike from Canadian public service workers as purported solutions to the effects in Canada of the global economic crisis. Outraged opposition parties formed a coalition intending to call a vote of non-confidence that would have toppled the Harper government, but he avoided the impending vote of non-confidence by asking the Governor General to prorogue Parliament until January 26, 2009. Following the resumption of parliament, Harper introduced a new budget which was allowed to pass when members of the Liberal caucus abstained from the vote.

Senate appointments
As prime minister, Harper recommended the appointment of 38 persons to the Senate of Canada. All of these senators were members of Harper's Conservative Party. Three (Michael Fortier, Fabian Manning, and Larry Smith) subsequently resigned from the Senate to seek election to the House of Commons.

Harper had long been an advocate of an elected Senate and appointed four senators (Bert Brown, Betty Unger, Doug Black, and Scott Tannas) based on the result of Alberta Senate nominee elections. Harper introduced legislation to provide for elections to advise the prime minister on whom to recommend for appointment to the Senate and to cause appointed senators to serve fixed terms, to, in essence, create a de facto elected Senate without changing the constitution. Harper's Senate appointments and reform proposals were criticized for failing to address the balance of seats among provinces, possibly being unconstitutional, and for running contrary to the spirit of his previous pledges for an elected senate. Harper argued that, without appointing senators, the Liberals would have continued to enjoy a majority in the senate despite lacking popular support, the senate would become less and less able to function, and all of his appointees agreed to resign and seek election to the senate should his reform proposals pass.

Libel suit against Liberal Party
Harper launched a lawsuit on March 13, 2008, against the Liberal Party of Canada over statements published on the party's website concerning the Chuck Cadman affair. This was the first time a sitting prime minister had sued the opposition for libel. The $2.5-million suit named "The Liberal Party, the Federal Liberal Agency of Canada, and the unnamed author or authors of the statements published on the Liberal website". The articles at the centre of the lawsuit were headlined "Harper knew of Conservative bribery" and "Harper must come clean about allegations of Conservative Bribery". Those articles questioned Harper's alleged involvement in financial offers made to Cadman to sway his vote in a crucial 2005 Commons showdown. The suit filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice did not name Liberal Leader Stéphane Dion or MPs Ralph Goodale and Michael Ignatieff—whom Harper had also threatened to sue. The lawsuit was settled out of court in 2009 with both parties not disclosing the terms of settlement.

Dona Cadman said that prior to the May 2005 budget vote, Tom Flanagan and Doug Finley, two Conservative Party officials, offered her husband, Chuck Cadman, a million-dollar life insurance policy in exchange for his vote to bring down the Liberal government.

Domestic and foreign policy

Harper's government introduced 9 budgets. The 2011 budget was not passed prior to the calling of the 2011 general election, but was adopted soon afterward. Starting in 2008, each of his budgets ran a substantial deficit as a result of the 2008 global recession. Budgetary equilibrium returned in 2013, earlier than it was originally predicted. Harper's economic policy included a multitude of new spending and reduced government revenue revenues due to reductions to the Goods and Services Tax and corporate income taxes. Harper campaigned on a pledge to increase defense spending and has cut it in real terms.

As with any Canadian government, the principal foreign relations issue is the relationship with the United States, Canada's closest neighbour and largest trading partner. The ongoing War in Afghanistan was also a major foreign policy issue for the Harper government, who withdrew Canadian troops from Afghanistan in 2011. As a result of economic sanctions against officials of the Russian government stemming from the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Harper had to contend with a sharp reduction in trade with Russia.

Scandals

Harper's Conservatives gained criticism for improper election spending during the 2006 federal election The scandal was known as the In and Out scandal. Parliamentary hearings into the issue led to a deadlocking of various committees, and then to the snap election in 2008. On 6 March 2012, charges were dropped as part of a plea deal in which the Conservative Party of Canada and its fundraising arm pleaded guilty to exceeding election spending limits and submitting fraudulent election records, and agreed to repay $230,198.00 for its role in violating Canadian election spending laws.

In February 2012, the Robocall scandal emerged regarding attempts at voter suppression targeting non-Conservative voters in 200 ridings during the 2011 election. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Elections Canada investigated the calls but ultimately did not refer the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions. Michael Sona (a Conservative campaign worker in the riding of Guelph) was later found guilty of one count of willfully preventing or endeavoring to prevent an elector from voting in an election, an offence under the Canada Elections Act, and sentenced to nine months in prison.

Cabinet

Although the majority of Conservative seats were from the Western provinces, the majority of names which Harper put forward to the Governor General for appointment as Cabinet Ministers were from Ontario and Quebec, in the interests of regional balance. The new Conservative Cabinet was substantially smaller than the prior Martin government because it initially did away with junior ministers (known as Ministers of State, and previously Secretaries of State). Several pundits in the media described Harper's Cabinet as moderate, and a tempering of the Conservative Party's roots in the Canadian Alliance and Reform.

Deputy Prime Minister and succession
Unlike his recent predecessors, Harper did not name one of his colleagues to the largely honorific post of Deputy Prime Minister. Harper did, however, name an order of succession to act on his behalf in certain circumstances, starting with Cannon, then Jim Prentice, then the balance of his cabinet in order of precedence.

Media relations
Unlike previous Prime Ministers of Canada, Harper insisted that the Prime Minister's Office had the right to choose which reporters ask questions at press conferences, which, along with other steps aimed at limiting and controlling media access, created conflict with national media. It was reported that the Prime Minister's Office also "often [informed] the media about Harper's trips at such short notice that [it was] impossible for Ottawa journalists to attend the events."

Before the 2011 election, the Canadian Association of Journalists wrote a letter to the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics strongly criticizing the Canadian government for severely restricting access to documents that should be made available to Canadian citizens. The CAJ stated, "Open government is not revolutionary and the government of Canada is behind compared to other nations and even some provinces."

In 2011 Stephen Harper violated copyright when he sang the song "Imagine" without permission of the owner in a video that was later uploaded to YouTube. As a result, the video was removed by request of Yoko Ono's publishing company. Although Canada's 2012 Copyright Modernization Act permits non-profit performances of copyrighted songs like "Imagine", it is still not legal to upload recordings of such performances to the Internet.

"Canada's New Government" and "Harper Government"
While Her Majesty's Governments of various political stripes have traditionally used the term "Government of Canada" to describe the government in its communications materials, the Harper government broke that tradition for two extended periods. From taking office in February 2006 until October 2007, the government was branded "Canada's New Government" and from late-2010 to mid-2011 it was branded the "Harper Government". The former was the subject of ridicule by other parties and some media commentators, while the latter was criticized by some academics and former civil servants as a partisan misuse of government resources. This is "political marketing", as constitutionally, any Government of Canada administered by a Canadian Ministry—Harper's premiership being the 28th Canadian Ministry— is known formally as "Her Majesty's Government".

Harperism

The term Harperism was coined and used by some in the Canadian media to describe the Harper's policies and style during his premiership. The term has been used pejoratively to describe what some see as Harper's authoritarian approach to his cabinet and in the prorogation of the 40th Canadian parliament.

Campaign promises

The federal governments of Justin Trudeau and Stephen Harper fulfilled the majority of their campaign promises and scored highest on fulfilling their campaign promises compared to any other "Canadian government over the last 35 years", according to an August 30, 2019 publication based on research at Laval University. The 237-page publication, Assessing Justin Trudeau's Liberal Government. 353 promises and a mandate for change, includes the work of "two dozen Canadian academics". They found that Justin Trudeau's Liberal government kept 92 percent of pledges, when complete and partial pledges were added together, while the Harper government kept 85 percent of complete and partial pledges. When only completed, realized pledges were calculated, Harper's government, in their last year, kept 77 percent of promises while the Liberal government kept 53.5 percent. The book notes that Harper's pledges tended towards transactional pledges which target sub-populations while Trudeau's government's promises were transformative.

Supreme Court nominations
Harper chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the governor general:

 Marshall Rothstein (March 1, 2006 – August 31, 2015)
 Thomas Cromwell (September 5, 2008 – September 1, 2016)
 Andromache Karakatsanis (October 21, 2011–present)
 Michael J. Moldaver (October 21, 2011–present)
 Richard Wagner (October 5, 2012–present)
 Clément Gascon (June 9, 2014 – September 15, 2019)
 Russell Brown (August 31, 2015–present)

Marshall Rothstein
In keeping with Harper's election promise to change the appointment process, Rothstein's appointment involved a review by a parliamentary committee, following his nomination by the prime minister. Rothstein had already been short-listed, with two other candidates, by a committee convened by Paul Martin's previous Liberal government, and he was Harper's choice. Harper then had Rothstein appear before an ad hoc non-partisan committee of 12 members of Parliament. This committee was not empowered to block the appointment, though, as had been called for by some members of Harper's Conservative Party.

Thomas Cromwell
On September 5, 2008, Harper nominated Thomas Cromwell of Nova Scotia Court of Appeal to fill the Supreme Court seat left vacant by the departure of Michel Bastarache. By and large Cromwell's nomination was well received, with many lauding the selection; however, dissent has been noted surrounding the nomination. First, Harper bypassed Parliament's Supreme Court selection panel, which was supposed to produce a list of three candidates for him to choose from. Second, Newfoundland and Labrador Justice Minister Jerome Kennedy criticized the appointment, citing the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador's belief that constitutional convention stipulates that a Newfoundlander should have been named to the court in the rotation of Atlantic Canadian Supreme Court representation.

Marc Nadon
On October 3, 2013, Harper announced the nomination of supernumerary Federal Court of Appeals judge, Marc Nadon to the Supreme Court to replace the retiring Morris Fish. The appointment was challenged by both Ontario lawyer Rocco Galati and the Government of Quebec as being contrary to the appointment criteria of section 6 of the Supreme Court Act. In response, Harper referred the criteria issue to the Supreme Court, as well as the question of whether the government's amendments to the criteria were constitutional. The Supreme Court subsequently ruled in Reference re Supreme Court Act, ss. 5 and 6 that the Nadon appointment was invalid, and that the federal government could not unilaterally amend the Supreme Court Act. Harper subsequently nominated Clement Gascon to the position instead.

References

2006 establishments in Canada
2015 disestablishments in Canada
Stephen Harper
Harper, Stephen

Premiership of Stephen Harper


The Angel of the West Window is a weird fiction novel written in 1927 by Gustav Meyrink (original German title: Der Engel vom westlichen Fenster) steeped in alchemical, hermetic, occult and mystical imagery and ideas interweaving the life of Elizabethan Magus Dr John Dee with that of a fictional modern descendant, Baron Mueller.

The story is narrated by Baron Mueller, an Austrian of British descent living in Austria in the early part of 20th Century.

Plot summary
At the beginning of the novel Mueller has been given the possessions of a cousin, John Roger, who has recently died. Among them he finds the personal diaries of Dr John Dee, the Elizabethan Magus, Astrologer and Alchemist who served in the court of Queen Elizabeth I and was an ancestor of both Roger and the Baron.

As the Baron reads the diaries, which deal with Dee's discovery of his special destiny as a Magus, his efforts to find the secret of immortality contained in the Philosopher's Stone and guide the future of England and his conversations with the Green Angel through the mediumship of the confidence trickster Edward Kelley, he realises not only that he is a descendant of Dee but may even be the reincarnated spirit of Dee himself. In so doing he begins to suspect and that the various people around him are also the reincarnated spirits of those who had played a crucial part in Dee's adventures - his housekeeper may be Dee's wife, Jane, his Russian acquaintance, Lipotin, may be the mysterious 16th Century Muscovite Mascee etc. Mueller finds himself the guardian of the Spear of Hywel Dda, another of his ancestor and part of the quest to prevent the Succubus-like figure of Black Isaïs from gaining control of it, thus completing the work Dee only part managed to achieve. As the book ends, Mueller vanquishes Isaïs in her form as the Princess Shotokalungin and becomes a Man of the Rose, part of a group of humans who have become immortal through their spiritual strivings whose task is to help mankind to develop and grow (a concept similar to that of Ascended masters or Secret Chiefs).

Major themes

Meyrink interweaves the two narratives into a complex and multilayered exploration of a host of Occult and Esoteric ideas: Reincarnation, Alchemy, the Hieros Gamos, Paganism and Christianity, Tantra, Scrying, Mediumship and the search for human transcendence and immortality.

Highly complex, often confusing but also highly atmospheric, The Angel Of The West Window could be described as an occult thriller, mixing melodrama and elements of Gothic horror with exploration of some of the deepest occult and esoteric mysteries of the human soul.

The last novel Meyrink wrote before he died, The Angel Of The West Window is regarded as, if not his most famous work (a claim usually made for his novel the Golem), certainly his most ambitious and multi-layered.

See also

Alchemy
Dr John Dee
Gustav Meyrink
Occult
Reincarnation

References

The Angel Of The West Window by Gustav Meyrink, translated by Mike Mitchell. Dedalus European Classics 2009

1927 German-language novels
Novels by Gustav Meyrink
Austrian speculative fiction novels
20th-century Austrian novels
1927 fantasy novels
Gothic novels
Weird fiction novels
1927 Austrian novels

The Angel of the West Window


Michaelsberg Abbey () is a former monastery of the Benedictine Order, belonging to the Subiaco Congregation (1064-2011). The monastery is situated on the Michaelsberg ("St. Michael's Mount"), about 40 metres above the town of Siegburg. For this reason it is also often known as Siegburg Abbey.

History

Foundation
The hill called the Michaelsberg, formerly known as the Siegberg, was first inhabited about 800 by the Counts of Auelgau, who built a castle there. In 1064 the Archbishop of Cologne, Anno II of Cologne, founded a monastery there, dedicated to the Archangel Michael, from whom both the mountain and the abbey henceforward took their names. He appointed the monk Erpho (died 1076) as the first abbot. Anno himself died at the abbey in 1075 and was buried there.

Archbishop Anno was canonized in the abbey church on 29 April 1183 by Cardinal Giovanni Conti da Anagni and Bishop Pietro of Luni, acting as papal legates of Pope Lucius III. At this time his remains were translated to the Chapel of St. Anno, which can still be seen in the abbey church. By this time, however, the early spirit of these founders was beginning to dim among the monks. The community had developed a luxurious lifestyle, one which was so open that they were publicly criticized by a nearby Cistercian abbey.

During the 14th century, after a long legal battle, the abbey was recognized as an Imperial abbey (that is, directly subject to the Holy Roman Emperor alone). This led to bitter rivalry, and on occasion even war, with the town of Siegburg. In 1676 the abbey again became subject to the local territorial power. During the period of the Thirty Years' War, the abbey became a center of literary and musical studies.

Modern era
The abbey was suppressed during the German Mediatisation of 1802–03. Until their resettlement by Cistercian monks on 2 July 1914, the buildings were used for varied purposes, for some time as a barracks, but also at other times as a lunatic asylum and a slaughterhouse. The new monks came from the Abbey of Merkelbeeck in the Netherlands to establish a monastery there again. This was not an easy endeavor, as part of the abbey was soon taken over for use as a military hospital during World War I.

In 1941 the abbey was again dissolved, this time by the Schutzstaffel (SS); the monks were expelled and the buildings commandeered. The buildings were almost completely destroyed by a bombing raid in 1944, although they were in use as a military hospital and flying the flag of the Red Cross. In 1945 the monks who had been expelled four years previously were finally able to return, some from captivity as prisoners of war, others from exile. They had to rebuild the monastery virtually from scratch.

Since 1997 the Edith Stein Retreat House of the Archdiocese of Cologne has operated at this location, using the north wing and also a large part of the west wing of the abbey.

Dissolution
In 2005 the monastic community of Michaelsberg Abbey consisted of 13 monks and a novice. The financial situation was uncertain and in December 2010 the community voted to close the abbey, effective the following June. At that time the remaining 12 monks left the abbey for various other monasteries, and the abbey was transferred to the Archdiocese. The abbey church (except the crypt) remains open daily to the public.

It was announced in 2012 by the Archdiocese that six friars of the Indian province of the Discalced Carmelites would open a priory in a part of the former abbey after renovation of the building.

Alcohol production
In 1504 production of the abbey's liqueur, Siegburger Abtei-Likör, began. After an interruption, production was resumed in 1952. In 2004 a line of beer was also brewed here, called Michel.

Both products ceased to be produced with the closing of the abbey.

Notes

References
 Firmenich, H., 1978: Die Abtei Michaelsberg in Siegburg. (Rheinische Kunststätten 99). 6th edn. Neuss: Gesellschaft für Buchdruckerei.
 Mittler, Placidus, 1987: Abtei Michaelsberg, Siegburg. Geschichte und Leben. Siegburg: Schmitt.
 Weber, Wunibald, 1953: Michaelsberg. Geschichte einer 900jährigen Abtei. Siegburg.

External links

  Official website

Imperial abbeys
Former countries in Europe
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
States and territories established in 1512
States and territories disestablished in 1803
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in North Rhine-Westphalia
1064 establishments in Europe
2011 disestablishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Rhein-Sieg-Kreis

Michaelsberg Abbey, Siegburg


AS-102 (also designated SA-7) was the seventh flight of the Saturn I launch vehicle, which carried the boilerplate Apollo spacecraft BP-15 into low Earth orbit. The test took place on September 18, 1964, lasting for five orbits (about seven and a half hours). The spacecraft and its upper stage completed 59 orbits before reentering the atmosphere and crashing in the Indian Ocean on September 22, 1964.

Objectives
AS-102 was designed to repeat the flight of AS-101. It would once again carry a boilerplate Apollo command and service module. The only difference from Boilerplate 13 carried on AS-101 was that on Boilerplate 15, one of the simulated reaction control system thruster quads (attitude control thrusters) was instrumented to record launch temperatures and vibrations. Another major difference on AS-102 was that the launch escape system (LES) tower would be jettisoned using the launch escape and pitch control motors.

AS-102 was the first time a Saturn rocket carried the ST-124 programmable guidance computer. Previous launches had used an onboard "black box" that was preprogrammed. On AS-102 it would be possible to reprogram the computer during flight so that any anomalous behavior could potentially be corrected.

Flight
In early July, a small crack in engine number six was found. This meant removing the engine, the first time that the ground crew had to do this with a Saturn rocket. It was then decided to return all eight engines to the manufacturer, which meant a job that would take about ten hours because of the large number of tubes, hoses and wires that connected each engine to the rocket. The replacement delayed the launch by about two weeks, followed by another delay of several days because of Hurricanes Cleo and Dora.

Launch was on 18 September from Cape Kennedy, Florida just before noon local time. The first stage burned for 147.7 seconds, with separation 0.8 seconds later. The second stage ignited 1.7 seconds later, and the LES jettisoned at 160.2 seconds after launch. It burned until +621.1 seconds with the stage and boilerplate in a 212.66 by 226.50 km orbit.

The flight met all its objectives.  The spacecraft continued to transmit telemetry for five orbits and was tracked until re-entry on its 59th orbit over the Indian Ocean.

The only anomalous event on the flight was the failure to recover the eight film-camera pods. They had landed downrange of the expected area, where Hurricane Gladys ruled out a continued search. However, two of the pods did wash ashore two months later. The pods were covered with barnacles, but the film inside was undamaged.

References

External links

The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology
NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive
Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/history/apollo/sa-7/sa-7.html
Stages to Saturn

Apollo program
Spacecraft launched in 1964
Spacecraft which reentered in 1964
Test spaceflights
Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets

AS-102


Issue may have one of the following special meanings:

 The subject or question of a debate
 A single instance of a serial publication, such as a journal, magazine or a newspaper.
 Issue (legal), a point disputed by parties to a lawsuit.
 Issue (computers), a generalization of the term bug.
 Social issue, an issue which affects many people in a society
 In project management, an issue is the result of an event that has occurred and has a positive or negative impact on the project and should be analyzed and dealt with via actions.

Issue


Lancaster is an unincorporated community in Smith County, Tennessee, United States, located  southeast of Gordonsville. Lancaster had a post office with ZIP code 38569, which closed on March 4, 2011, due to the United States Postal Service closing smaller post offices around the country.

As of 2010, the population of Lancaster's zip code tabulation area was 363. The community is situated along State Highway 141 between Gordonsville and Center Hill Lake, and is drained by Smith Fork, a tributary of the Caney Fork. Lancaster is named for John Lancaster, Jr., an early settler who arrived in the area in the late 18th century (his family still owns a farm in the area, which has been designated a Tennessee Century Farm).

See also
Temperance Hall, Tennessee – a community of similar size located just to the southwest in DeKalb County

References

Unincorporated communities in Smith County, Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee

Lancaster, Tennessee


The Loveland Block and the Coors Building are adjacent historic storefront buildings in downtown Golden, Colorado.  The Loveland Block, named for pioneer William A.H. Loveland, once served as the territorial capitol building of Colorado.  Both buildings are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a single entity.

The Loveland Building is a two-story brick commercial block.  Its front, flat-roofed section was built in 1863, and its rear, gabled roof portion was built in 1865-66.

History of the Loveland Block
The Loveland Block was originally constructed as the forward portion of the present building in 1863, according to the building's cornerstone.  It was built jointly by William A.H. Loveland and Golden City Lodge #1, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the first Masonic lodge in Colorado.  Its building contractor was Duncan E. Harrison.  Loveland occupied the first floor as his mercantile and the second floor served as the Masonic temple.  The building was a powerful statement in the face of adversity, signaling Golden's endurance in the face of an economic depression caused by the Civil War.

Territorial Capitol
A warehouse addition spanning the present central section of the first story was built by Loveland during the mid-1860s.  In 1866 Loveland extended the first floor the rest of the way to the rear property line and built a full second story addition as well.  The purpose was to house the Colorado Territorial legislature under one roof, where the houses previously met in separate buildings across Washington Avenue.  The House of Representatives met in the Masonic Hall, which became also known as Representatives Hall.  The Council (Territorial identity of the Senate) met at the west end of the upper floor.  Four committee rooms spanned the space in between, and the Territorial Library (now Colorado State Library, under charge of Edward L. Berthoud, was housed at the west end of the lower floor.  Under Territorial Governor Alexander Cummings, the legislature met in Golden and this building from 1866 through 1867.

Capital Removal Controversy
Ever since the Territorial Capital was moved from Colorado City to Golden in 1862, the rival city of Denver made attempts to secure the capital for itself.  Indeed, several legislative sessions that opened in Golden adjourned to Denver.  In December 1867 the issue came to a head when the legislature hotly debated the issue.  According to the Colorado Transcript newspaper, about $5,000 in case plus town lots were pledged "to influence the removal of the Capital to Denver."  After the Council voted by a 1-vote margin to move the capital to Denver, it has been alleged even to the present time that the vote was secured by a bribe.  The only known clue offering insight into this claim was published by George West, editor of the Transcript, on February 4, 1874:

"Now that the question of removing the capital has again come up - having passed the lower house by a vote of sixteen for to seven against - Mr. Lawrence, the interpreter of the Council, will have another show for his influence.  In 1866, when the capital was removed from Golden, this same Lawrence was a member of the Legislature, and, if report be true, was promised $800 for his vote and influence in favor of removal to Denver.  Evans & Co. paid $200 of the money down, and the other $600 was to have been forthcoming when the removal was effected.  But Evans & Co., true to their general record, went back on their promise, and our friend Lawrence sought revenge in an affidavit, which he threatened to publish unless Evans & Co. came down according to contract.  After some parley a compromise was brought about, Lawrence agreeing to take $400 instead of $600.  Should this enterprising linguist be called on in the present instance, he will probably ask for the whole amount in advance, as an affidavit in regard to such a case, following the Las Animas land grab, would not create a ripple of excitement, and even the Denver Tribune would hardly feel called upon to publish it."

Today the Loveland Block is one of only two remaining buildings where the Colorado Territorial assembly is believed to have met, the other being as Colorado's first capital, Colorado City.  It is possible, but not confirmed, that the Colorado Territorial Supreme Court met at the Loveland Block as well.

The Mercantile
After the loss of the capital, the Loveland Block found other important uses.  It became the headquarters of the Colorado Central Railroad, the first railroad to penetrate the Colorado mountains.  In 1878 the upper floor became the emergency home of the Colorado School of Mines and Jarvis Hall after their original campus was attacked by an arsonist.  During the 1890s the upper floor became the hotel of Jasper Babcock.  However, the building has been best known as the Mercantile, the store originally started by Loveland across Washington Avenue in 1859.  This store was a Golden mainstay, finally closing in 1978 after a remarkable 119 years in operation.  57 of those years it was run by one family, headed by German immigrant patriarch Nicholas Koenig.  After the Mercantile faded away the building became a restaurant, progressively the Mercantile, Silverheels, and Old Capitol Grill.

Renovations
In origin the building was of the Second Empire style of design.  Subsequent to its mid-1860s additions, a mansard roof third story was added in 1868.  This continued largely unused throughout its existence.  In 1905 Koenig hired contractor Perre O. Unger to convert the original arched lower story entrance into a plate glass storefront with ornamental corner support column, and also installed the building's signature 2-ton Diebold safe.  In 1922 the upper storefront was remodeled to modernized appearance by contractor Michael Sweeney, at which point the building's cornerstone was removed and given to the Golden Masonic lodge, which had long since moved out of the building.  In 1941 the plate glass storefront was extended partially along the south side of the building and clerestory covered.  In 1992 the storefront, with a canopy added in the 1960s, was thoroughly renovated to an approximation of its 1922 appearance.  After a nearly catastrophic fire gutted the rear upper floor with water heavily damaging the rest of the building on November 3, 2005, the interior was stripped completely and building thoroughly reinforced, a new rear replacement roof installed, and new more historically accurate upper story windows installed.  The distinctive row of chimneys on the 12th Street side, mostly missing since being pared down in 1933, were restored, making the building look more historic after the fire than it did before.

History of the Coors Building
The earliest portion of this building is its north wall, originally built by William A. Wortham for a prior two-story building on the site, the Dold Building, a grocery, later bakery and saloon, which stood here from 1873 to 1906.  In 1906 Adolph Coors tore down most of the Dold Building to build a new saloon and bottling works, as bottling on his brewery grounds was then prohibited by state law.  In its place rose the new Coors Building, a two-story storefront with tile mansard half third floor designed by the Baeressen Brothers of Denver and built by contractor Perre O. Unger.  The building's main tenant was the saloon of Charles Sitterle, affiliated with Coors.  In 1907 German immigrant Albert Treffeisen moved his north side grocery store here, where it remained as the City Market for many years.  Afterward, the building had various tenants and first floor renovations.  In 1992 it was renovated to an approximation of its original appearance, and its interior space merged with the Loveland Block to become part of the restaurant.  The upper story was water damaged in the 2005 fire and has since been fully renovated.  Today, the building still exhibits the "COORS" bannerhead at its cornice.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, Colorado

References

External links
 Golden Landmarks Association downtown profile with these buildings

Buildings and structures in Golden, Colorado
Tourist attractions in Golden, Colorado
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Retail buildings in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Jefferson County, Colorado

Loveland Block and Coors Building


Vrontou (Greek: Βροντού) is a town of the former Municipality of Dio, which is part of the municipality of Dio-Olympos, in the Pieria regional unit, Central Macedonia, Greece, at an altitude of 120 meters, with 1,902 inhabitants (census 2011). There are several medieval and post-medieval churches in Vrontou.

An impressive and spectacular event is the carnival of Vrontou, that take place every year.

References

Οικισμός Παλαιάς Βροντούς

Populated places in Pieria (regional unit)
Dion-Olympos

Vrontou, Pieria


The Sandman Companion (1999, ) is a book by Hy Bender and published by Vertigo, an imprint of DC Comics, providing annotations and commentary on Neil Gaiman's comic book series The Sandman.

The book relies heavily on original interviews with Gaiman about the comic and was published by Vertigo, serving as an official annotation and commentary for the series.

1999 books
Books about comics
Companion

The Sandman Companion


Defeating ISIS: Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe is a non-fiction book about counterterrorism against ISIS. It was written by Malcolm Nance, a former cryptology analyst, with a foreword by Richard Engel. Its thesis is that ISIS is not part of Islam, instead, it functions as a separate destructive extremist group. He emphasizes the fact that the majority of those who have been harmed by ISIS are themselves Muslim. The book traces the history of the movement back to the history of Al-Qaeda in Iraq, and it also discusses ISIS's combat style and recruiting tactics. Nance offers a four-point plan to defeat ISIS, including airpower and special forces, Internet tactics, strengthening the Syrian military, and engaging Arab world states.

Defeating ISIS made The New York Times Best Seller list at number nine for the week of July 3, 2016 in the section for "E-Book Nonfiction". U.S. President Donald Trump stated he read Defeating ISIS while he was a candidate for president in 2016.

U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations retired Colonel Millard E. Moon reviewed the book for Journal of Strategic Security, and wrote, "This book is a good reference source for anyone in the professional field and for individuals seeking to understand the enemy and what we and our allies face." Current Affairs reviewed the book and called the work, "One of the more intelligent, incisive mass-market books on ISIS". The Australian gave the work a negative review. Spencer Ackerman said Nance's books The Terrorists of Iraq and Defeating ISIS reflected the caliber of his expertise in the subject matter.

Contents summary
Defeating ISIS argues that the group ISIS does not belong to the faith of Islam, and should instead be thought of as a separate destructive extremist group. The work is organized into four sections. The author provides historical context for the evolution of ISIS over time. The book emphasizes that the majority of ISIS's victims are Muslim. He argues that ISIS is attempting to annihilate Islam itself, and instead replace it with its own more inhumane practices.

Nance ties the history of ISIS back to changing developments within Al-Qaeda. Nance ascribes growth of influence by ISIS directly to problems within U.S. leadership related to combating Al-Qaeda in Iraq. He provides an overview of ISIS management, soldiers, and command format. Defeating ISIS provides geographic descriptions of ISIS centers of influence globally, including Mali, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Lebanon, and Jordan. Nance discusses cultural differences within each locality. He details the practices of Boko Haram. He describes the Western influence of ISIS into countries including France, the U.S., Australia, and Turkey. He recounts the November 2015 Paris attacks and response to the incident. He provides the reader with a basis of ISIS operations within countries in Asia, states in the region of the Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, and Arab states of the Persian Gulf.

The book describes the terrorist group's attempts to remake the world through jihad. Nance grounds the reader within the context of Islamic history, including the Battle of Nahrawan, controversy regarding Shia–Sunni relations, evolution of the Qarmatians, and the Mahdist War. Defeating ISIS details tactics of ISIS manipulation including psychological manipulation, behavior modification, and brainwashing. Nance writes that these strategies lead to gross violations of human rights, including sexual assault and child soldiers. Defeating ISIS describes ISIS combat tactics, with analysis of their armaments. Nance writes that ISIS usually engages in the military tactics of mountain warfare and frontal assault, later encouraging each other through social media discussing their combat operations.

Defeating ISIS concludes with a strategy proposed by the author to weaken the organization both their combat operations and their ability to garner new followers. Nance lays forth a four-point plan, including: combat strategy with increased incorporation of airpower and special forces units, tactics to combat ISIS over the Internet, revitalization of the Syrian Armed Forces, and enlisting increased support from Arab world countries.

Research and release

Malcolm Nance is a retired cryptology analyst. He garnered expertise within the field of intelligence analysis. Nance served in the U.S. Navy for 20 years, from 1981 to 2001. He devoted years researching Middle East terrorism. Nance founded a company providing advice to U.S. Special Operations, and created a survival tactics training center. He manages a think tank consisting of CIA and counterterrorism officers. His books on intelligence include An End to al-Qaeda, Terrorist Recognition Handbook, The Terrorists of Iraq, The Plot to Hack America, and Hacking ISIS.

Prior to his work on Defeating ISIS, Nance had already extensively researched the topic, while writing a treatise specifically geared for the intelligence community to educate them in textbook format on the growth over time of Al-Qaeda in Iraq. Defeating ISIS was contracted for publication with Skyhorse Publishing in November 2015, originally slated for a January 2017 release date. Defeating ISIS was published in 2016 by Skyhorse Publishing in print format. An e-book was published the same year. It went through two more editions in 2016. W. W. Norton & Company published another edition in 2017.

Defeating ISIS made The New York Times Best Seller list at number nine for the week of July 3, 2016, in the section for "E-Book Nonfiction". U.S. President Donald Trump told Time magazine he read Defeating ISIS while he was a candidate for president in July 2016.

Reception
U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations retired Colonel Millard E. Moon reviewed the book for Journal of Strategic Security, and wrote, "Nance offers a compelling argument to support the concept of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as a cult set apart from the Islamic religion." Moon said that, "Nance has done a really good job of providing detailed information about the growth and activities of ISIS components". He praised the author's ability to structure the book as a reference resource, writing, "there is a wealth of factual information on ISIS". As for the religious nature of the organization, Moon acknowledged, "Malcolm Nance does an excellent job of outlining what ISIS believes". Moon concluded, "This book is a good reference source for anyone in the professional field and for individuals seeking to understand the enemy and what we and our allies face."

Current Affairs journalist Adam Patterson called the book "One of the more intelligent, incisive mass-market books on ISIS." Patterson emphasized, "The central value of Nance's work is ultimately written into its title. Defeating ISIS outlines that the jihadi group can, with intelligent application of diplomatic and counterinsurgency methods, be eventually defeated." Rachel Maddow referenced this book as a source she used to educate herself about ISIS. The book received a negative review by Paul Monk in The Australian. Monk criticized the writing style, and disputed Nance's view that ISIS wished "to destroy Islam". The Guardian national security reporter Spencer Ackerman praised the author's expertise, citing the caliber of his works The Terrorists of Iraq and Defeating ISIS.

See also

 Refuting ISIS
 List of books about al-Qaeda
 2016 Brussels bombings
 Arab Spring
 Iraq War
 Islam and violence
 Islamic extremism
 Islamic fundamentalism
 Islamic terrorism
 Muslim attitudes toward terrorism
 Syrian Civil War
 War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

References

Further reading

External links

2016 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Political science books
Non-fiction books about war
Non-fiction books about jihadism
Books about counterterrorism
Books about al-Qaeda
Works about the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Books about Islamic fundamentalism
Books by Malcolm Nance
Skyhorse Publishing books

Defeating ISIS


Area code 402 is an area code for Nebraska. It was one of the first codes created in 1947. It initially covered the entire state of Nebraska until 1954, which is when it was split by 308, which covers the western portion of the state, while 308 covers the eastern part of the state, including the towns Lincoln, Omaha, Columbus, Fremont, La Vista, and Norfolk. It was overlaid by 531 in March 26, 2011. Permissive dialing  in that area started on June 26, 2010 and ended on February 26, 2011, exactly a month before 531 was implemented.

Sources

Nebraska
402

Area code 402