The China Railways JF15 (解放15, Jiěfàng, "liberation") class steam locomotive was a class of 2-8-2 steam locomotives operated by the China Railway, built by the American Locomotive Company in the United States in 1928−1929.

These locomotives were originally built for the Jihai Railway. After the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo, these and other privately owned railways in the territory of Manchukuo were nationalised to create the Manchukuo National Railway, which designated these the Mikasa (ミカサ) class, becoming Mikana (ミカナ) class after the classification reform of 1938.

After the end of the Pacific War, these locomotives were passed on to the Republic of China Railway. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, China Railways designated them ㄇㄎ15 (MK15) class in 1951, and subsequently 解放15 (JF15) class in 1959.

References

2-8-2 locomotives
ALCO locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1928
 Scrapped locomotives
Steam locomotives of China
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Rolling stock of Manchukuo
Freight locomotives

China Railways JF15


University of Calabar na public school wey dey for Calabar for inside Cross River State. Na one of the school wey Federal government get be di for Naija. Di school na one campus for University of Naija before e con stand on hin own for 1995. Na John Elliot na hin do di design for di school

University of Calabar


Professor John David Woods, CBE (born 1939) is a British oceanographer.

He studied physics at Imperial College, London (1958–66), after which he was appointed principal research fellow at the Meteorological Office (1966–72), while leading the RN Operation Thermocline in which he pioneered underwater flow visualisation. Later he joined NERC as Director of Marine and Atmospheric Science (1986-1994), where he created the National Oceanography Centre at Southampton. He held professorships at Southampton University (1972–77), Kiel University (1977-86) and Imperial College London (1994- ), carrying out research into the seasonal boundary layer of the ocean and plankton ecosystem models, and modelling global container freight.

Woods has served on a number of international project committees, including GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Programme), WCRP (World Climate Research Programme0, IGBP (International GeoSphere-Biosphere Programme), EuroGOOS (European Global Ocean Observing System). He was co-chairman of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. He was a lead author of the first report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an organisation which was later awarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Al Gore.

He is now (2015) Emeritus Professor of Oceanography & Complex Systems in the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Earth Science & Engineering, Imperial College London.  He is Adjunct Fellow of Linacre College, University of Oxford (1994-  ), and Emeritus Researcher of the CNR (Italian National Research Council).

Awards and honors
 1968 Back Award of the Royal Geographical Society
 1968 L.G.Groves prize, Ministry of Defence.
 1980 Hon D.Sc., University of Liège, Belgium
 1982 Silver medal, University of Helsinki
 1988 Foundation member, Academia Euopæa
 1991 CBE
 1991 Hon D.Sc., University of Plymouth
 1992 William Gaskell Medal of the Royal Meteorological Society
 1993  Silver medal, Plymouth Marine Sciences
 1996 Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society
 2004 Hon D.Sc., University of Southampton
 2011 British Library, Oral history, Voices of Science

Books
 1971  Underwater science [with J.N.Lythgoe]
 1976  Underwater Research [E.Drew & J.N.Lythgoe)
 2002  Ocean forecasting  [with N.Pinardi ]
 2006  Benguela: Predicting a Large Marine Ecosystem [with V.Shannon, G.Hempel, P.Malanotte-Rizzoli, C.Moloney]

References

1939 births
Living people
People from Sussex
Alumni of Imperial College London
British oceanographers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire

John Woods (oceanographer)


The Atakur inscription (sometimes spelt Athakur, Athagur, Athkur, Atkur or Atukur) dated 949-950 C.E. is an inscribed memorial stone (Hero stone) with classical Kannada composition inscription. It was discovered at the Chelleshvara temple at Atakur village about 23 km from  Mandya city in the Karnataka state, India. The "motion packed" sculptured hero stone describes two events in poetic Kannada; the battle between "Kali" the hound and a wild boar, and the victory of Rashtrakuta Emperor Krishna III over the Chola dynasty of Tanjore in the famous battle of Takkolam. According to historians I. K. Sarma and Singh memorial stones for warriors are common in medieval India, but one erected in memory of an animal is considered unique.

Content
The many battles fought between the Rashtrakuta dynasty (with the support of their vassal King Butuga II of the Western Ganga Dynasty) and the Cholas of Tanjore have been the subject of many a medieval hero stone. It is known from this inscription which is dated to 949-950 C.E (saka 872), King Butuga II had a favorite hound called "Kali" which helped a warrior named Manlarata (or Manalera, an aid-de-camp of Butuga II) fight the Chola king Rajaditya on the battlefield. Manlarata, whom the inscription refers to as Valabhipuravaresvara ("Lord of Vallabhi") was able to drive the Chola armies away while King Butuga II, riding an elephant on the battlefield, killed the Chola King. In the inscription, the Rashtrakuta Emperor Krishna III showeres high praise on Butuga II for his achievement (the Neralige inscription illustrates in more detail the battle of Takkolam). Manalarata, whose valor is poetically described in the inscription requested Butuga II to give him the brave hound in return for his exploits on the battlefield.

In a separate incident, during a hunt, the hound was involved in a fight with a wild boar in a trench near the village of Beltur leading to the death of both animals in the conflict. This inscribed memorial stone was erected by a grief-stricken Manlarata in honor of the brave dog. The inscription warns the local priest (gorava) of "sin" if he were to have his food before "offering worship to the memorial stone". According to historian Settar, the gorava mentioned in the inscription is a Shaiva priest where as Ferdinand Kittel considers him a Shaiva mendicant. Commemorating his victory in battle, Emperor Krishna III gifted his vassal King Butuga II large areas of his kingdom including the provinces of Banavasi-12000, Belavola-300, Purugere-300, Kisukad-70 and the Bagenad-70. Butuga II gifted his faithful warrior Manlarata the villages of Atakur-12 and Koteyur.

Notes

References

Kannada literature
Literature of Karnataka
Earliest known manuscripts by language
Western Ganga dynasty
Kannada inscriptions
10th-century inscriptions
Rashtrakuta dynasty

Atakur inscription


Acropyga acutiventris is an ant in the subfamily Formicinae. It lives underground in tropical regions and forms a mutualistic association with the mealybug, Xenococcus annandalei.

Description
This ant has the small eyes, compact body and yellowish-brown colouration typical of many ants that live underground. It can be separated from other Formicine ants found in Australia by the fact that the antennae have eleven segments, the eyes are multifaceted and clearly defined, and the first and second funicular segments are the same size.

Distribution
This ant is found in rainforests in tropical regions of India, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Sarawak, Singapore, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea and parts of the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia. In Australia it is not usually found above 300 metres and occupies a similar range to the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina.

Biology
This ant lives in association with the mealybug, Xenococcus annandalei in its underground nest. The mealybug is a subterranean species and sucks sap from the rootlets of certain trees, particularly species of Ficus and the coconut palm. It exudes drops of honeydew which form part of the diet of the ant. Worker ants tend the mealybugs and stimulate the production of honeydew by stroking their abdomens. If the ant colony is disturbed and the ants are forced to disperse, each takes a female mealybug to the new nest site, carrying it in her mandibles. When the soil is warm and damp, the ants and mealybugs remain just below the surface, but during cold, dry weather they descend to greater depths. This mutualistic arrangement seems to occur throughout the range of the ant.

X. annandalei has not been found anywhere except in association with A. acutiventris in its nest, and while being transported by the queen who carries a female mealybug on her nuptial flight. The colony she founds is thus provided with the food supply it needs to prosper. No other means of dispersal is known for this mealybug.

References

Formicinae
Insects described in 1862
Taxa named by Julius Roger
Hymenoptera of Australia
Hymenoptera of Asia
Insects of India
Insects of China
Invertebrates of Hong Kong
Insects of Malaysia
Insects of Indonesia
Insects of Singapore
Insects of Vietnam
Insects of Papua New Guinea
Insects of Queensland
Arthropods of the Northern Territory

Acropyga acutiventris


Bulk material handling is a field of engineering. It involves designing equipment to handle dry materials in their bulk form. It consists of stationary machinery, mobile equipment and storage facilities. The purpose of this process is to transport materials from one place to another place or places.

Engineering

Bulk material handling


Prince Ernst Rüdiger Camillo von Starhemberg, often known simply as Prince Starhemberg, (10 May 1899 – 15 March 1956) was an Austrian nationalist and politician who helped introduce Austrofascism and install a clerical fascist dictatorship in Austria in the interwar period. A fierce opponent of Anschluss, he fled Austria when the Nazis invaded the country and briefly served with the Free French and British forces in World War II.

Starhemberg was a leader of the Heimwehr and later of the Fatherland Front. He served in the Bundesrat between 1920 and 1930, as Minister of Interior in 1930, Vice-Chancellor in 1934 and subsequently Acting Chancellor and Leader of the Front after the murder of Engelbert Dollfuß, relinquishing the former position after a few days. Disenchanted by the moderate ways of Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg, he was ousted from power in 1936, when the Heimwehr was dissolved, and fled the country after the Anschluss to avoid retaliation from vengeful Nazis.

Starhemberg lived in exile in Switzerland and served with the western Allies in the British and Free French air forces for a short period at the beginning of World War II, but became disenchanted with them when they entered into an alliance with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union, that he viewed as equally evil as the Nazis. He left for Argentina where he spent the next thirteen years in exile. He died during an extended visit to Austria in 1956.

He was the 1,163rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Austrian Order.

Biography
Born in Eferding, Upper Austria, in 1899, into the illustrious House of Starhemberg which hailed from a long line of Austrian nobles and inherited the title of prince. He was the oldest son of Prince Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg and Princess Franziska von Starhemberg, born Countess Larisch von Moennich. He was a collateral relative to Field Marshal Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg. In World War I he served on the Italian Front and then in 1921 was a member of Freikorps Oberland.

Seeking election to the Bundesrat, the representation of Austrian states (Länder) at age 21, Starhemberg became a proponent of Catholic and conservative politics and joined the Heimatschutz, quickly becoming a leader of one of its local branches. He also became an admirer of Benito Mussolini and his Fascist government. In the early 1920s, Starhemberg traveled to Germany and had contacts with the nascent Nazi movement. Adolf Hitler actively used Starhemberg's status as an Austrian noble to try to improve the party's image and to attract wealthy and influential backers to its ranks.  After seeing the failed Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Starhemberg became disenchanted with Nazism and returned to Austria. Rejoining the Heimatschutz, Starhemberg became its national leader in 1930 and actively campaigned to turn Austria into a more organized state. Eventually, Starhemberg's movement became powerful enough to influence the government, and as such the chancellor appointed him Minister of the Interior in September 1930. Starhemberg resigned his position shortly thereafter, however, when the Heimatblock (the Heimwehr's political wing) only won eight seats in elections for the Nationalrat.

When conservative Engelbert Dollfuß became Chancellor of Austria in 1932, Starhemberg once again gained governmental power. At Dollfuß's request, Starhemberg worked to combine a number of right-wing groups into a single political entity. He was successful, and the result was the powerful Fatherland Front, which saw its creation in late 1933, followed by the authoritarian May Constitution of 1934. For his efforts, Starhemberg became Dollfuß's Vice-Chancellor under the new rule. Upon Dollfuß' assassination two months later during a failed coup by the Nazis, Starhemberg briefly came to head the government and the Front. As President Wilhelm Miklas proclaimed Austria was not yet ready for a "Heimwehr Cabinet", called a cabinet meeting in Vienna's Ballhouse surrounded by barbed wire and government troops to restrain suspicious members of the Heimwehr, who claimed the Nazi coup had been foiled only through their courage, and appointed Kurt von Schuschnigg Chancellor instead on 29 July. Starhemberg officially supported the compromise and his office as Vice-Chancellor, being appointed Minister of Public Security as well.

With these positions, Starhemberg was in effect the second most powerful man in Austria. During this period, the regime fought to keep Austria an independent state by support from France, the United Kingdom and Fascist Italy and through crackdowns on Austrian Nazis and others favoring a union with Germany.  The idea of union with Germany had been popular among Socialists as well as Conservatives, although the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) which Austria signed at the end of World War I forbade it.

In 1936, Starhemberg's disagreements with Schuschnigg, who, inspired by the appeasement policies of the western democracies, wanted to improve relations with Nazi Germany rather than risk invasion by a far stronger Wehrmacht and face possible desertion by Hitler's new-found ally, Mussolini. In March 1936, Starhemberg was forced to relinquish his position as Federal leader of the Fatherland's Front, which was dissolved (as was the Heimwehr) and on 14 May that year he was ousted from the government.

After the Anschluss in March 1938, which saw much of the Front's leadership purged (Schuschnigg himself was detained and shipped to concentration camp), Starhemberg escaped to Switzerland. He later served in the British and Free French air forces for a short period at the beginning of World War II. However, he became disenchanted with the western allies when they entered into an alliance with Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union, that Starhemberg viewed as equally evil as the Nazis. In 1942, Starhemberg decided to leave the war and traveled to Argentina where he spent the next thirteen years. In 1955, the year of Juan Perón's (also a fervent admirer of Fascism and Mussolini) ousting by a military coup, Starhemberg returned to Austria.

Starhemberg died in Schruns, Vorarlberg, during an extended visit to Austria in 1956. He was staying at a spa in Schruns. During a walk, he was photographed against his will by a reporter who worked at a communist newspaper, and became enraged and attacked the photographer with his walking stick. However, he suffered a cardiac arrest and died.

Marriages
Starhemberg married two times:
Marie-Elisabeth Altgräfin zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Raitz (Donaueschingen, 1 March 1908 – Gmunden, 10 April 1984), married in Vienna on 9 September 1928, annulled on 27 November 1937. She had no children but adopted, in 1973 as her heir, a cousin, Maria Elisabeth (Marielies) Leopoldine Hippolyta, Altgräfin zu Salm-Reiferscheidt-Raitz (born 1931).
Nora Gregor (Görz, 3 February 1901 – Santiago, 20 January 1949), Austrian-Jewish stage and film actress, married in Vienna on 2 December 1937. They had one child, who was born prior to their marriage, Heinrich Rüdiger Gregor (1934-1997), known from 1937 as Heinrich Rüdiger Karl Georg Franciscus Graf von Starhemberg, later, upon the death of his father, became 8th Fürst von Starhemberg. He died unmarried and without issue so his title was inherited by his cousin Georg Adam (b. 1961) who is the current Prince and Head of the family.

Notes

References

External links

1899 births
1956 deaths
20th-century Chancellors of Austria
People from Eferding District
Collaborators who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
20th-century Freikorps personnel
Vice-Chancellors of Austria
Ernst Rudiger Starhemberg
Austrian Ministers of Defence
Austrian Roman Catholics
Austrian princes
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Austrian military personnel of World War II
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Fatherland Front politicians

Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg


Ecdysozoa () is a group of protostome animals, including Arthropoda (insects, chelicerata (including arachnids), crustaceans, and myriapods), Nematoda, and several smaller phyla. The grouping of these animal phyla into a single clade was first proposed by Eernisse et al. (1992) based on a phylogenetic analysis of 141 morphological characters of ultrastructural and embryological phenotypes. This clade, that is, a group consisting of a common ancestor and all its descendants, was formally named by Aguinaldo et al. in 1997, based mainly on phylogenetic trees constructed using 18S ribosomal RNA genes.

A large study in 2008 by Dunn et al. strongly supported the monophyly of Ecdysozoa.

The group Ecdysozoa is supported by many morphological characters, including growth by ecdysis, with moulting of the cuticle – without mitosis in the epidermis – under control of the prohormone ecdysone, and internal fertilization.

The group was initially contested by a significant minority of biologists. Some argued for groupings based on more traditional taxonomic techniques, while others contested the interpretation of the molecular data.

Etymology
The name Ecdysozoa is "scientific" Greek, derived from   () "shedding" +  () "animal".

Characteristics

The most notable characteristic shared by ecdysozoans is a three-layered cuticle (four in Tardigrada) composed of organic material, which is periodically molted as the animal grows. This process of molting is called ecdysis, and gives the group its name. The ecdysozoans lack locomotory cilia and produce mostly amoeboid sperm, and their embryos do not undergo spiral cleavage as in most other protostomes. Ancestrally, the group exhibited sclerotized teeth within the foregut, and a ring of spines around the mouth opening, though these features have been secondarily lost in certain groups. A respiratory and circulatory system is only present in onychophorans and arthropods (often absent in smaller arthropods like mites); in the rest of the groups, both systems are missing.

Phylogeny

The Ecdysozoa include the following phyla: Arthropoda, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, Loricifera, Nematoda, and Nematomorpha. A few other groups, such as the gastrotrichs, have been considered possible members but lack the main characters of the group, and are now placed elsewhere. The Arthropoda, Onychophora, and Tardigrada have been grouped together as the Panarthropoda because they are distinguished by segmented body plans. Dunn et al. in 2008 suggested that the tardigrada could be grouped along with the nematodes, leaving Onychophora as the sister group to the arthropods. The non-panarthropod members of Ecdysozoa have been grouped as Cycloneuralia but they are more usually considered paraphyletic in representing the primitive condition from which the Panarthropoda evolved.

A modern consensus phylogenetic tree for the protostomes is shown below. It is indicated when approximately clades radiated into newer clades in millions of years ago (Mya); dashed lines show especially uncertain placements.

The phylogenetic tree is based on Nielsen et al. and Howard et al.

Older alternative groupings

Articulata hypothesis
The grouping proposed by Aguinaldo et al. is almost universally accepted, replacing an older hypothesis that Panarthropoda should be classified with Annelida in a group called the Articulata, and that Ecdysozoa are polyphyletic. Nielsen has suggested that a possible solution is to regard Ecdysozoa as a sister-group of Annelida, though later considered them unrelated.
Inclusion of the roundworms within the Ecdysozoa was initially contested but since 2003, a broad consensus has formed supporting the Ecdysozoa  and in 2011 the Darwin–Wallace Medal was awarded to James Lake for the discovery of the New Animal Phylogeny consisting of the Ecdysozoa, the Lophotrochozoa, and the Deuterostomia.

Coelomata hypothesis

Before  Aguinaldo's Ecdysozoa proposal, one of the prevailing theories for the evolution of the bilateral animals was based on the morphology of their body cavities. There were three types, or grades of organization: the Acoelomata (no coelom), the Pseudocoelomata (partial coelom), and the Eucoelomata (true coelom). Adoutte and coworkers were among the first to strongly support the Ecdysozoa. With the introduction of molecular phylogenetics, the coelomate hypothesis was abandoned, although some molecular, phylogenetic support for the Coelomata continued until as late as 2005.

References

External links

Superphyla
Extant Cambrian first appearances

Ecdysozoa


Chennai Port, also known as Madras Port, is a natural harbor on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The port was stablished in 1881. It is the second largest port in India and one of the oldest artificial ports in the country. The port handles a large range of cargo. This includes containers, cars and petroleum products. It is a major gateway to southern India. The port is a way to connect India to several major ports across the world. The Chennai Port Trust, a government-owned corporation, manages and operates the port. In 2023, the port was undergoing expansion and modernization to increase its capacity and improve its efficiency.

Ports and harbours
Geography of Tamil Nadu
Transport in India

Chennai Port


Big Devil Peak is a 7,055-foot-elevation (2,150 meter) mountain summit located in North Cascades National Park in Skagit County of Washington state. The peak lies midway between Marblemount and Newhalem and can be seen from the North Cascades Highway at the road pullout for Big Devil Falls. The peak rises 6,600+ feet above the valley floor at this viewing location in the valley. Big Devil is the highest peak of Teebone Ridge, and other peaks on this ridge include Little Devil Peak, Fallen Angel, and The Trapezoid. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Skagit River.

Climate

Big Devil Peak is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades (Orographic lift). As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.

Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, spires, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to the various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago.

During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured the landscape leaving deposits of rock debris. The "U"-shaped cross section of the river valleys are a result of recent glaciation. Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

Gallery

See also

 Geography of the North Cascades

References

External links

 Weather forecast: Big Devil Peak
North Cascades National Park National Park Service

Mountains of Washington (state)
North Cascades National Park
Mountains of Skagit County, Washington
North Cascades
Cascade Range
North Cascades of Washington (state)
North American 2000 m summits

Big Devil Peak


The Battle of Bysjön was fought between Swedish and, for the most part, Norwegian troops on 22 December 1644. The battle took place on the ice of the frozen Lake Bysjön in the parish of Eda  (Eda socken, Värmland) in Värmland, Sweden.  The battle was part of the Torstenson War (1643-1645), known locally as the Hannibal Feud (Hannibalsfejden)  between Sweden and Denmark-Norway. The Danish-Norwegian victory meant the invading army could potentially continue into Värmland and Dalsland.

Introduction
In the autumn 1643 Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson (1603–1651), by order of the Swedish Council of the Realm, led the Swedish army which was then embroiled in the Thirty Years' War into Danish Jutland, initiating the Torstenson War. To ease the military pressure in Denmark, Hannibal Sehested (1609–1666),  Governor-general of Norway, began preparations for military operations against Sweden along the Norwegian border, from Jämtland to Gothenburg. These operations, later called the Hannibal Feud, would force Sweden to divert forces from Denmark to defend the border.

In January 1644, orders were sent to the governors of the Swedish border counties to establish beacons and frontier guards to defend the border. The county governor of Värmland, Colonel Olof Stake (1593–1664), was ordered to keep 100 men posted on the border. When the local farmers saw the bonfires lit or heard church bells ringing, they were to gather at predetermined locations. On the road between the Norwegian parish of Vinger  in Hedmark  (near present-day Kongsvinger) and Karlstad in Värmland, the border was fortified by building a redoubt at Morast near present-day Charlottenberg during the winter and spring of 1644. On the Norwegian side of the road corresponding preparations with beacons and redoubts at Magnor and  Midtskog  in Hedmark. Sehested also pushed for the equipment of a standing Norwegian army, which was formally established in 1641 but whose six regiment were not fully trained. In 1644 the size of the Norwegian army grew, and in November Sehested attacked Värmland with 4,480 men and 18 cannon.

Preparing for battle
The redoubt at Morast was captured quickly on 18 November without losses on either side. The commandant and crew were taken prisoner. The Norwegians remained at Morast until mid-December. The Swedish side took advantage of this time by felling trees across roads, to hinder the approaching soldiers. The winter road over the frozen Lake Bysjön was obstructed by cutting up the ice across the lake between the villages By and Vittensten. The sawn ice was used to build a breastwork, giving the Swedes a strong defensive position. The defense was led by Captain Lorentz Hansson of the Närke-Värmland Regiment.

On 17 December the Norwegian force left Morast and marched south to Eda church, making camp at Hammar on the north shore of Lake Bysjön. On 19 December Norwegian infantry marched out on the ice while the cavalry attempted to get around both sides of the lake. Skirmishes took place throughout the day both at the felled trees and on the ice. With minor losses on either side, the Norwegians fell back when darkness fell.

The battle

Early in the morning on Sunday 22 December, the Norwegian soldiers under the command of Sehestedt marched out on the ice again. The Swedish forces were estimated to be about 4000 infantry and cavalrymen, as well as 5 or 6 cannon. The local farmers were at the opening in the lake ice, with two companies of cavalry and a few hundred Finnish soldiers on their flanks. The left wing was standing at Skogslund on the western shore of the lake, while the right wing was on the eastern shore, where steep cliffs plunged into the water. The Norwegians made repeated attempts to cross the opening with long boards, with no success. Their vulnerable position on the ice caused major Norwegian losses.

At sunset, a number of factors made it possible for the Norwegian soldiers to break through. The Swedes were running out of bullets and gunpowder. Some of the defenders cut out the tin buttons of their clothes to use as bullets. Captain Hansson, who commanded the Swedish left wing, took a bullet in the shoulder and couldn't continue in command. The defending farmers became disordered and fled in different directions in the dark. A detachment of the Akershusiske Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Georg Reichwein (1593–1667) finally managed to get around and occupy a hill west of the lake, from which they could fire flanking fire at the Swedish barricade. A contemporary account described the sequence of events: "The Peasants had to save themselves by fleeing and each went home to his Home."

The Swedish cavalry east of the lake could not be used, and retreated southeastward to the parish of Frykerud ( Frykerud socken). The Norwegian soldiers made their night camp at the former Swedish cavalry pickets at By while others made camp at Åmot (present-day Åmotfors.)

Aftermath
Between 30 and 50 Swedes were killed during the battle. On the Norwegian side 60 wounded men were carried back to the Midtskog redoubt, and about 100 are estimated to have been killed due to their exposed position on the ice. The news of the defeat caused alarm in Sweden, and in a letter from Kyrkerud on 24 December, Olof Stake urgently requested reinforcements from Gabriel Oxenstierna, Lord High Steward of Sweden (1587–1640). Another letter from Berendt Olsson to an accountant Pederson in Karlstad on 23 December reads: "I don't know what to do. If help doesn't come soon, Karlstad and the whole country will be lost."

Sehested was proud of his victory, his first on the battlefield:

I myself have had the honor, of receiving from the soldiers of Olof Stake for New Year, two bullets through the cap on my head, although without injury.

Sehested also wrote the way to Karlstad now lay open, and the between this city and Stockholm there were no troops. In Copenhagen, word spread that he already was on his way to Stockholm. In reality, his strength was too small, and he had to reckon with the risk of being cut off from Norway.  Therefore, he went south and made his headquarters at the rectory of the parish of Sillerud in Årjäng, with the options of proceeding to Karlstad or south towards Dalsland.

References

Sources
Vessberg, Vilhelm (1900) Bidrag till historien om Sveriges krig med Danmark 1643-1645. 2 : Kriget på norska (Stockholm)
C.O.Munthe (1901) Hannibalsfejden 1644-1645. Den norske haers bloddåb (Kristiania: Grøndahl)

Related reading
Furtenbach, Börje (1956)  Eda skansar : Värmlands gränsförsvar genom tiderna (Stockholm: Hörsta)

External links
 Eda Skans Museum i Åmotfors

Battles of the Torstenson War
Battles involving Norway
Battles involving Sweden
1676 in Sweden

Battle of Bysjön


Agapito Conchu, also known as Agapito Concho (born 1895, date of death unknown) was a Filipino silent film director of the mid-1930s.

He was born in 1895 and made his directorial debut in the silent movie film Ang Magpapawid (The Roofmaker).

After the "talkies" came to the Philippines, he directed Mahiwagang Biyolin (The Magical Violin), which is a semi-fantasy movie together with a new face, Manuel Conde, who would become a great actor.

Conchu made one horror-flick, Sumpa ng Aswang (Curse of the Devil) with Monang Carvajal and a nationalistic film, Hagase Tu Voluntad.

He specialized in directing dramas, from his first movie Hatol ng Langit (Judged of Heaven) to Awit ng Pag-ibig (The Song of Love), Buhok ni Ester (The Hair of Ester) and Ama (Father) which was his last movie.

Filmography
1932 – Ang Magpapawid
1935 - Mahiwagang Biyolin
1935 - Hatol ng Langit
1935 - Awit ng Pag-ibig
1935 - Sumpa ng Aswang
1936 - Buhok ni Ester
1936 - Hagase Tu Voluntad
1936 - Ama

References

Filipino film directors
1895 births
Year of death missing

Agapito Conchu


Cholomon or Cholomondas (, sometimes transliterated as Holomontas) is a mountain in Central Macedonia, Greece, that covers almost all of central and east Chalkidiki. The ancient Greeks called the mountain Ypsison. It is covered by dense oak forest and is part of the Natura 2000 network. The highest peak rises northeast of Polygyros, which is the capital of Chalkidiki, to 1.165 metres and is the highest point of Chalkidiki.

See also
Rentina Gorge

Cholomon
Landforms of Chalkidiki
Cholomon
Rhodope mountain range

Mount Cholomon


Lee Swindlehurst (born in Boulder City in 1960) is an electrical engineer who has made contributions in sensor array signal processing for radar and wireless communications, detection and estimation theory, and system identification, and has received many awards in these areas. He is currently a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of California at Irvine.

Biography

He received the B.S., summa cum laude, and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, in 1985 and 1986, respectively, and the PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1991. From 1986-1990, he was employed at ESL, Inc., of Sunnyvale, CA, where he was involved in the design of algorithms and architectures for several radar and sonar signal processing systems. He was on the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Brigham Young University from 1990–2007, where he was a Full Professor and served as Department Chair from 2003-2006. During 1996-1997, he held a joint appointment as a visiting scholar at both Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. From 2006-07, he was the Vice President of Research for ArrayComm LLC in San Jose, California. After leaving ArrayComm in 2008, he began working at UC Irvine where he is currently the Assistant Dean.

Dr. Swindlehurst is a Fellow of the IEEE (2004) for contributions to the field of space-time signal processing for radar and wireless communications, and a past Secretary of the IEEE Signal Processing Society. He is a former Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, and has served as a member of the Editorial Boards for the EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking and the IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, and is a past Associate Editor for the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. He was elected to the Tau Beta Pi society in 1985. He is a recipient of several paper awards: the 2000 IEEE W. R. G. Baker Prize Paper Award, the 2006,  2010, and 2021 IEEE Signal Processing Society's Best Paper Award, the 2006 IEEE Communications Society Stephen O. Rice Prize in the Field of Communication Theory, and is co-author of a paper that received the IEEE Signal Processing Society Young Author Best Paper Award in 2001.

References

American electrical engineers
1960 births
Living people
University of California, Irvine faculty
Stanford University alumni
Fellow Members of the IEEE
People from Boulder City, Nevada
Engineers from California

Lee Swindlehurst


Arthur St. John Ryan (18 July 1935 – 8 July 2019) was an Irish businessman who was the founder, chairman, and chief executive of Primark. The company  trades under the name of Penneys in the Republic of Ireland.

Early life
Arthur Ryan was born the son of a Cork-born insurance clerk in 1935, and went to the Synge Street CBS in Dublin after moving to the city with his family. After emigrating to London, he entered the genteel world of gentlemen's tailoring as a tie buyer at Swan & Edgar. He also worked for London fashion wholesaler Carr & McDonald. From there, he returned to Dublin and a job at Dunnes Stores in Cornelscourt.

Business career
Ryan opened the first Penneys shop on Mary Street in Dublin in 1969. Subsequently, in 1974, he took the model to Britain under the new brand-name Primark to avoid legal problems with US chain JC Penney. The major turnaround came in 2005, when Primark acquired a huge portfolio of Littlewoods stores. Meanwhile, close attention to catwalk trends made it chic as well as cheap. It went from being the "shop that nobody admitted going to" to a Mecca for celebrity shoppers. It now accounts for over a third of parent company Associated British Foods' (ABF) operating profits. In 2009, Ryan gave up his day-to-day control of the firm as chief executive but became chairman instead.

Personal life
Arthur St John Ryan was married to the former entertainer (The Swarbriggs/Alma Carroll) and had a daughter Jess Ryan. Ryan additionally had four children from his first marriage, Colin, Barry, Arthur and Alison Ryan. He was an intensely private man, living in one of Dublin's best-protected houses, he never gave interviews and was rarely seen in public without bodyguards. His great fear was kidnap – a real enough threat for Irish retail magnates during the Troubles. In 1981, the IRA snatched department store boss Ben Dunne; two years later, they tried to kidnap Galen Weston, scion of the Canadian family behind Primark's owner, food and retail conglomerate Associated British Foods (ABF). Ryan took no chances. "His daily schedule is kept secret from all but his closest aides."[5]
Ryan's son, Barry, who was 51, died while attempting to save his son and his son's girlfriend from drowning during a freak accident on 30 June 2015. Barry's son and his girlfriend also died during the rescue bid.

Death
Ryan died of a short illness on 8 July 2019, 10 days before his 84th birthday.

References

1935 births
2019 deaths
Businesspeople from County Dublin
Irish businesspeople in fashion
People educated at Synge Street CBS
20th-century Irish businesspeople

Arthur Ryan


Doctrines of attribution are legal doctrines by which liability is extended to a defendant who did not actually commit the criminal act.  Examples include vicarious liability (when acts of another are imputed or "attributed" to a defendant), attempt to commit a crime (even though it was never completed), and conspiracy to commit a crime (when it is not completed or which is committed by another in the conspiracy).

References

Criminal law legal terminology
Legal doctrines and principles

Attribution (law)


Datla Satyanarayana Raju, better known as D. S. Raju M.B.B.S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., M.R.C.P.(London) (born 28 August 1904, date of death unknown) was an Indian Parliamentarian. He was born to Datla Ramachandra Raju in Poduru, West Godavari District in 1904. He was educated at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Guy's Hospital, London and Chest Clinic, Vienna. He was a Permanent Commissioned Officer as a Major in the Indian Military from 1934 to 1945. A multi faceted personality with a rare distinction of being an outstanding doctor, a freedom fighter, a union minister and a philanthropist.

He was founder and president of the Medical Education Society in Kakinada. Along with Dr. M. V. Krishna Rao, he was instrumental in establishing the Rangaraya Medical College in Kakinada in 1958. Their main objects are promoting Medical Education, Medical research and Medical relief through voluntary effort. Sri Mullapudi Harishchandra Prasad offered a donation of five lakhs for the college. The college was named at his request after his late brother-in-law Sri. Pendyala. Ranga Rao, Zamindar of Dommeru and Sri Mullapudi Venkata Rayudu Memorial Educational Trust. He was personal doctor to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

He was elected for the 2nd Lok Sabha, 3rd Lok Sabha and 4th Lok Sabha from Rajahmundry (Lok Sabha constituency) in 1957, 1962 and 1967 respectively as a member of Indian National Congress. He was Deputy Minister of Health, Government of India, 1962–64 and Deputy Minister of Defence, 1964–66. He has also represented India at World Health Conference held in Geneva.

References

External links
 Biodata of D. S. Raju at Lok Sabha website.

1904 births
Telugu politicians
India MPs 1957–1962
India MPs 1962–1967
India MPs 1967–1970
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh
Union deputy ministers of India
People from West Godavari district
Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh
1973 deaths
Medical doctors from Andhra Pradesh

Datla Satyanarayana Raju


The Duchy of Mantua (; ) was a duchy in Lombardy, northern Italy. Its first duke was Federico II Gonzaga, member of the House of Gonzaga that ruled Mantua since 1328. The following year, the Duchy also acquired the March of Montferrat, thanks to the marriage between Gonzaga and Margaret Paleologa, Marchioness of Montferrat.

The Duchy's historic power and influence under the Gonzaga family has made it one of the main artistic, cultural, and especially musical hubs of Northern Italy and the country as a whole. Mantua also had one of the most splendid courts of Italy and Europe in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and early seventeenth centuries.

In 1708, after the death of Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, the last heir of the Gonzaga family, the Duchy ceased its existence. Their domains were divided between the House of Savoy, that obtained the remaining half of Montferrat, and the House of Habsburg, that obtained the city of Mantua itself.

History

Background
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Mantua was invaded by Byzantines, Lombards and Franks. In the 11th century it became a possession of Boniface of Canossa, marquis of Toscana. The last ruler of the family was the countess Matilde of Canossa (died 1115), who, according to legend, ordered the construction of the precious Rotonda di San Lorenzo (1082). After the death of Matilde of Canossa, Mantua became a free commune and strenuously defended itself from the Holy Roman Empire in the 12th and 13th centuries.

During the Investiture Controversy, Pinamonte Bonacolsi took advantage of the chaotic situation to seize power, as Captain General of the People, in 1273. His family, the Bonacolsi, ruled Mantua for the next century, making it more prosperous and artistically beautiful.

On 16 August 1328, the last Bonacolsi, Rinaldo, was overthrown in a revolt backed by the House of Gonzaga, a family of officials, namely the 60-year-old Luis and his sons Guy, Filippino and Feltrino. Ludovico, who had been podestà of the city in 1318, was elected capitano del popolo ("people's captain"). The Gonzaga built new walls with five gates and renovated the architecture of the city in the 14th century, but the political situation in the city did not settle until Ludovico II eliminated his relatives, seizing power for himself in 1370.

Through a payment of 120,000 golden florins in 1433, Gianfrancesco was appointed marquis of Mantua by Emperor Sigismund, whose niece Barbara of Brandenburg he married. In 1459 Pope Pius II held a diet in Mantua to proclaim a crusade against the Turks, which was known as the Council of Mantua.

The Duchy
The first Duke of Mantua was Federico II, who acquired the title from Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in 1530. The following year, the family acquired the Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage. Federico commissioned Giulio Romano to build the famous Palazzo Te, in the periphery of the city, and profoundly improved the urbanistic assets of the city.

In 1624, Ferdinando Gonzaga moved the ducal seat to a new residence, the Villa La Favorita, designed by the architect Nicolò Sebregond, in Porto Mantovano.

As many as eight hundred persons, including writers, artists, musicians, and even a troop of commedia dell'arte actors, enjoyed Gonzaga patronage in the early seventeenth century. In that time, the Gonzagas were patrons of the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens. The duchy also played a key role in the development of opera; Claudio Monteverdi lived there from about 1590 to 1612, and his Orfeo (1607) and other works were first presented there.

In 1625 Ferdinando Gonzaga founded the University of Mantua, where Jesuits taught humanities and philosophy, while laymen taught law and medicine. However, in order to pay for their splendid court, the Gonzaga family sold some of its assets, in 1627 Vincenzo Gonzaga sold the family collection of Renaissance paintings, including works of Titian, Andrea Mantegna, Correggio and Raphael to Charles I of England.

In 1627, the direct line of the Gonzaga family came to an end with the vicious and weak Vincenzo II, and the town slowly declined under the new rulers, the Gonzaga-Nevers, a cadet French branch of the family. The War of the Mantuan Succession broke out, and in 1630 an Imperial army of 36,000 Landsknecht mercenaries besieged Mantua, bringing the plague with them. Mantua never recovered from this disaster.

Duke Ferdinand Charles, an inept ruler whose only aim was to hold parties and theatrical representations, allied with France in the War of the Spanish Succession. After the latter's defeat, he was declared deposed by Emperor Joseph I and took refuge in Venice, carrying with him a thousand pictures. At his death, in 1708 his family lost Mantua forever to the Habsburgs of Austria. Montferrat's territories were ceded to the Duke of Savoy, and the emperor compensated the Duke of Lorraine, heir in female line of the Gonzaga, for the loss of Montferrat by ceding him the Duchy of Teschen. The Gonzagas of the Duchy of Guastalla were passed over entirely despite having the strongest claim, themselves dying out in 1746, marking the end of the Gonzaga family.

Mantua was briefly united with the Duchy of Milan by an edict of Emperor Joseph II on 26 September 1786 but later restored in its separated administration by Emperor Leopold II on 24 January 1791. Mantua was besieged by Napoleon's French army in 1796, before falling in 1797. With the Treaty of Campo Formio, Mantua was annexed to the Cisalpine Republic becoming the Department of Mincio.

See also
Duke of Mantua

References

External links
  "The House of Gonzaga, heirs to the sovereign marquessate of Mantua"
  I Gonzaga di Mantova

1797 disestablishments in Italy
States and territories established in 1273
Christian states
Italian city-states
Italian states
House of Gonzaga

Former monarchies of Europe
Former duchies

Duchy of Mantua


Murat Bay is a bay at the western end of Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is an inlet of the Great Australian Bight. The main town on the bay is Ceduna.

The Tourville and Murat Bays Important Bird Area includes Murat Bay.

Murat Bay was initially named Baie des Saints by Nicolas Baudin, and renamed to Baie Murat by François Péron and Louis de Freycinet on the same expedition, named after Joachim Murat, a Marshal of France. As that name was in French, the current name is the English translation.

Matthew Flinders named the bay Denial Bay, which is now the name of a small community on the western side of the bay. Murat Bay is the enclosed bay bounded by Cape Thevenard and Matts Point. Denial Bay is the larger body of water bounded by Nuyts Archipelago on the seaward side.

References

Bays of South Australia
Great Australian Bight
Joachim Murat

Murat Bay


Charlotte Ninon Coleman (3 April 1968 – 14 November 2001) was an English actress best known for playing Scarlett in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral, Jess in the television drama Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, and her childhood roles of Sue in Worzel Gummidge and the character Marmalade Atkins.

Early life
Coleman was the first of two daughters born to actress Ann Beach and Canadian-born television producer Francis Coleman. Her younger sister is the actress Lisa Coleman. Charlotte was educated at Camden School for Girls, from which she was expelled. Outside regular school hours she attended classes at the Anna Scher Theatre School in Islington, north London, because she said she was "too cool" to go to the Brownies.

At 15, feeling that her upbringing had been too liberal, since her parents "didn't believe in restraint", Coleman enrolled at Dartington Hall School in Devon. It was a very progressive school where pupils "didn't have to go to any lessons, so I didn't. I spent 15 grand, all my money, and it was just stupid really". After this, she attended cookery school.

Career
Coleman's first major television role was as Sue in Southern Television's Worzel Gummidge. This ran for four seasons (and a Christmas special) from 1978 to 1981 on the ITV network. Other early work included A Choice of Evils (Play for Today, BBC, 1977) and Two People (London Weekend Television, 1979), as Emma Moffatt). She had a crush on Stephen Garlick, her co-star in Two People. For the role, she had to choose a stuffed toy for Emma to carry; she named it "Haggis" and still had it when interviewed in 1990.

This was soon followed by her role as the teenage rebel Marmalade Atkins, firstly in Marmalade Atkins in Space (a one-off drama shown in 1981), and then in two series, Educating Marmalade (1982–83) and Danger: Marmalade at Work (1984). All three were made by Thames Television and written by Andrew Davies.

In 1990, Coleman appeared as Jess, a teenage girl from Lancashire brought up by a strict Pentecostal mother, in the BBC television drama Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit, based on Jeanette Winterson's novel of the same name. Coleman won a Royal Television Society, Best Actress award and was nominated for a BAFTA for her portrayal of the young lesbian character. She also read the novel for release by BBC Audiobooks.

Other television appearances in the 1980s and '90s included roles in Thames Television's The Bill and Central Independent Television's Inspector Morse, the short-lived comedy series Freddie and Max, with Anne Bancroft, a drama about homelessness, Sweet Nothing and another lesbian role, as Barbara Gale in the political satire Giving Tongue (1996). She also appeared in Simon Nye's sitcom How Do You Want Me? (1998–2000), alongside Dylan Moran and Emma Chambers, and voiced the lead female character, Primrose, in the animated adaptation of Brambly Hedge. Coleman's final television appearance was in the adaptation of Jacqueline Wilson's Double Act, where she played the twins' teacher, Miss Debenham.

Coleman played Scarlett in the film Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) with Hugh Grant, Simon Callow and Kristin Scott Thomas. She received a BAFTA Film Award nomination for this part, losing to Scott Thomas. Coleman continued to act in films throughout the 1990s with her last major film being Jasmin Dizdar's Beautiful People (1999), set in London in 1993, at the time of the Yugoslav Wars, playing the role of Portia Thornton.

Theatre
Coleman portrayed the character of the teenage Lorna in Our Own Kind (Roy MacGregor), at the Bush Theatre in London (April 1991). She co-starred with Kevin Whately, Nisha Nayar and Jane Horrocks.

"The prime focus falls on Sylvie's bright-eyed schoolgirl sister Lorna. Vividly brought to life by Charlotte Coleman, she's both a droll chorus figure and an optimistic, surrogate victim. The play is tightly directed by new Bush supremo Dominic Dromgoole"

Personal life and death
In 1987, Coleman's boyfriend, Jonathan Laycock was killed by a lorry driver whilst cycling to work. He was 23 years old. After his death Coleman went through periods of depression, and developed the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia.

Coleman died aged 33 on 14 November 2001 from bronchial asthma. A memorial was held at the Mill Hill Buddhist Centre in north London later that month and attended by family and close friends.

Charlotte Coleman Scholarship Award
The New London Performing Arts Centre introduced the Charlotte Coleman Scholarship in 2003. A showcase event is held every November from which one performer is chosen to receive the award. All NLPAC members are eligible for the prize of a year's classes in dance, drama and music.

Roles

Film
Bodywork (2001) ... Tiffany Shades
A Loving Act (2001) ... Det. Jane Thompson
Beautiful People (1999) ... Portia Thornton
Faeries (1999) ... voice of Merrivale
If Only... (1998) aka Twice Upon a Yesterday ... Alison Hayes
Sweet Revenge (1998) ... Norma
Different for Girls (1996) ... Alison
The Young Poisoner's Handbook (1995) ... Winnie
Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994) ... Scarlett
Map of the Human Heart (1993) ... Julie
Bearskin: An Urban Fairytale (1989) ... Kate

Television
Double Act ... Miss Debenham; 2 June 2002, Channel 4 (writer: Jacqueline Wilson; director: Cilla Ware)
McCready and Daughter ... Shelley Bennett in "No Bed of Roses" (1.5); Ecosse Films for BBC
How Do You Want Me? ... Lisa Lyons; 24 February 1998 – 22 December 1999, Kensington Films & Television for BBC (writer: Simon Nye; director: John Henderson)
Wycliffe ... Laura Kessell in "Bad Blood" (4.6); 3 August 1997, ITV (director: Alan Wareing)
Oliver's Travels ... Cathy; 1995, BBC Wales (writer: Alan Plater; director: Giles Foster)
The Vacillations of Poppy Carew ... Mary; 5 March 1995, (director: James Cellan Jones)
Olly's Prison ... Sheila; May 1993, BBC (writer: Edward Bond; director: Roy Battersby)
The Comic Strip Presents... ... Patsy in "Gregory: Diary of a Nutcase"; 13 May 1993 (director: Peter Richardson)
The Bill ... Sharon Palmer in "Happy Families" (8.93); 19 November 1992, ITV (director: Andrew Higgs)
Inspector Morse ... Jessica White in "Happy Families" (6.2); 11 March 1992, Zenith Entertainment for ITV (director: Adrian Shergold)
Freddie and Max ... Freddie Latham; 12 November – 18 December 1990 (director: John Stroud)
Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit ... Jess; 10–24 January 1990 (writer: Jeanette Winterson; director: Beeban Kidron)
Inappropriate Behaviour ... Helen Bardsley; 8 March 1987, BBC Two Screen Two, Season 3, Episode 10 (Writer: Andrew Davies; director: Paul Seed)
The Insurance Man ... Seamstress; 22 February 1986, BBC (Writer: Alan Bennett; director: Richard Eyre)
Danger: Marmalade at Work ... Marmalade Atkins; 20 February – 30 April 1984, Thames Television for ITV (writer: Andrew Davies; director: John Stroud)
Educating Marmalade ... Marmalade Atkins; 25 October 1982 – 3 January 1983, Thames Television for ITV (writer: Andrew Davies; directors: John Stroud, Colin Bucksey)
Marmalade Atkins in Space ... Marmalade Atkins; 2 November 1981, Thames Television for ITV (writer: Andrew Davies)
Worzel Gummidge ... Sue Peters; 25 February 1979 – 31 October 1981, Southern Television for ITV (writers: Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall; directors: James Hill and David Pick)

References

External links

1968 births
2001 deaths
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from London
Alumni of the Anna Scher Theatre School
Respiratory disease deaths in England
Deaths from asthma
English film actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
Actors from Islington (district)
People educated at Camden School for Girls
People educated at Dartington Hall School
English people of Canadian descent
English people of American descent
20th-century British businesspeople

Charlotte Coleman


Christopher McKitterick (born David Christopher McKitterick in 1967) is an American writer of science fiction,and a scholar, educator, and popularizer of the field.

Life and career
Chris McKitterick was born on July 4, 1967, in Jacksonville, Florida. He moved extensively throughout his early childhood, to Virginia Beach, Virginia; St. Louis Park, Minnesota; Junction City, Kansas; a small village in the northern region of South Korea; Paynesville, Minnesota, settling at the age of 10 in Ortonville, Minnesota, where he finished high school in 1985. He attended the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, but transferred to the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire two years later, completing a BA in creative writing in 1991.

After a year teaching and writing in Peerless, Montana, McKitterick was invited in 1992 by SF scholar and writer James E. Gunn to pursue a graduate degree at the University of Kansas and assist him in running the J. Wayne and Elsie M. Gunn Center for the Study of Science Fiction, a research center specializing in science fiction scholarship and studies. McKitterick completed a Master of Arts with a creative thesis under Gunn in 1995, moving shortly afterward to Seattle, Washington. He continued to assist Gunn, while writing game materials for Wizards of the Coast and WizKids, and working as an editor, writer, and writing lead for Microsoft. He was appointed by Gunn as the director for the center in 2010. During his involvement with this, he was nominations director for the Theodore Sturgeon Award for the best short SF story of the year (1993-2015), and director and juror for the John W. Campbell Award for best SF novel of the year (between 2002 and 2020, when the award was placed on hiatus). In 2002, he returned to Lawrence to work at the University of Kansas in the English Department, leaving in 2020, after Gunn's death. In 2021 he served as director for KU's short-lived Ad Astra Center for Science and the Imagination; now he directs the unaffiliated nonprofit Ad Astra Institute.

McKitterick has taught and written extensively about science fiction. He has taught science fiction as literature in Kansas; and for the Future Affairs Administration (FAA) in Beijing in 2019, as well as elsewhere. He has published nonfiction about SF literature and authors, including scholarly book chapters and introductions, academic journals, reference works on the field, and digital humanities, as well as articles, essays, chapters, and other nonfiction in Analog, Locus Magazine, and other media focusing on the field for a popular audience. He has been a SF pundit for NPR, the New York Times, and other national presses.

Starting in 1995, McKitterick began coteaching (with James Gunn) an intensive residential workshop for writers preparing for publication in science fiction and fantasy   [11] held each summer in Lawrence, Kansas. By 2006, under McKitterick's direction, the summer program had expanded to a month-long program, including courses on writing short fiction and the novel, and the Intensive Institute on the Teaching of Science Fiction. In 2010, Gunn stepped down entirely; since then more than 300 students have taken workshops in the program from McKitterick, Kij Johnson, and guest instructors such as Pat Cadigan, John Kessel, Tina Connolly, and Andy Duncan. He has also taught courses, workshops, and master classes for universities, conventions, conferences, and other venues.

Bibliography

Novels
 Transcendence (Hadley Rille Books, November 5, 2010)

Short fiction
 "Ashes of Exploding Suns, Monuments to Dust" (Analog, November/December 2018) - Winner: 2018 Analytical Laboratory (AnLab) Readers' Award for best novelette.
"Waking the Predator" (The Hanging Garden: where fiction grows, July 19, 2016)
"Orpheus' Engines" (Mission Tomorrow: A New Century Of Exploration, Baen Books, October 2015)
"The Recursive Man" (Aftermaths, Hadley Rille Books, April 2012
"Surveyor of Mars" (Westward Weird, DAW Books, February 2012)
 "The Enlightenment" (Sentinels: In Honor of Arthur C. Clarke, Hadley Rille Books, 2010)
 "The Empty Utopia" (Ruins: Extraterrestrial, Hadley Rille Books, 2007)
 "Jupiter Whispers" (Visual Journeys: A Tribute to Space Art, Hadley Rille Books, 2007)
 "The Enlightenment" (Synergy: New Science Fiction, Five Star Books, 2004)
 "Lost Dogs" (Analog, September 2001)
 "The Web" (Artemis Magazine for Artemis Project, Summer 2000)
 "City of Tomorrow" (Captain Proton, (a Star Trek book), Pocket Books, November 1999)
 "Under Observation" (Captain Proton, (a Star Trek book), Pocket Books, November 1999)
 "Worlds of Tomorrow" (Captain Proton, (a Star Trek book), Pocket Books, November 1999)
 "What Lurks in a Man's Mind" (Analog, October 1999)
 "Circles of Light and Shadow" (Analog,  February 1999)
 "A Scientist's War" (E-Scape, December 1998)
 "A Plague of Mannequins" (E-Scape, October 1996)
 "The Recursive Man" (Tomorrow Speculative Fiction, April 1996)
 "Paving the Road to Armageddon" (Analog, May 1995)

Editing
 "International Science Fiction" issue and companion website, (World Literature Today, May/June 2010)
 National Space Society Return to Luna anthology, Hadley Rille Books, December 5, 2008 (editorial juror)

References

External links

21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
1967 births
Living people
University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire alumni
University of Kansas alumni
University of Kansas faculty
American male short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers
Christopher McKitterick in the Science Fiction Encyclopedia

Christopher McKitterick (director) on the Gunn Center for the Study of Science Fiction website
Christopher McKitterick on Google Scholar
Christopher McKitterick on the board of the Lifeboat Foundation

Christopher McKitterick


Dacia, or Kingdom of Dacians, is an ancient geographic demarcation of Central and Southeastern Europe.

Dacia may also refer to:

Places

Historic
 Roman Dacia (also known as Dacia Felix, Dacia Traiana or Dacia Trajana), an ancient Roman imperial province located in Central and Eastern Europe
 Dacia Aureliana, an ancient Roman province located in the Balkans
 Dacia Mediterranea, part of former Dacia Aureliana
 Dacia Ripensis, an ancient Roman province, part of Dacia Aureliana
 Diocese of Dacia, a Roman diocese in Southeastern Europe
 Dacia, a former ecclesiastical province covering the entire Nordic region, the name a combination of the toponyms Dania and Suecia, the Medieval Latin names for Denmark and Sweden

Modern
 Dacia, Bălți, a neighbourhood in Bălți, Moldova
 Dacia, a village in Doba, Satu Mare, Romania
 Dacia, Brașov, a village in Jibert Commune, Brașov County, Romania
 Dacia, a village in Nicșeni Commune, Botoșani County, Romania

Automobiles
 Automobile Dacia, a Romanian automobile maker
 Dacia 1300, a family sedan
 Dacia Lăstun, a car manufactured by Tehnometal
 Dacia Logan, a compact
 Dacia Logan Cup, a lowcost series
 Dacia Nova, a hatchback
 Dacia Pick-Up, a pick-up truck
 Dacia Sandero, a five-door hatchback
 Dacia Solenza, a sedan
 Dacia SupeRNova, a hatchback

Books and publications
 Dacia Literară, an 1840 Romanian literary and political journal
 Dacia (journal), a Romanian academic journal of archeology
 Dacia (Pârvan), a Romanian history book
 Editura Dacia, a Romanian publisher

Football
 ACS Dacia Unirea Brăila, a Romanian football team
 Dacia Mioveni, a Romanian football team
 FC Dacia Chișinău, a Moldovan football team
 Stadionul Dacia (Mioveni), a football stadium
 Stadionul Dacia (Orăștie), a football stadium

People
 Dacia Arcaráz (born 1967), Mexican actress
 Dacia Grayber, American firefighter and politician
 Dacia Maraini (born 1936), Italian writer
 Dacia Valent (1963–2015), Somali-born Italian politician and Member of the European Parliament
 Boetius of Dacia, 13th century Danish philosopher
 Jacob the Dacian (c. 1484–1566), Danish monk and missionary
 Martin of Dacia (1220–1304), Danish scholar
 Petrus de Dacia (mathematician) (c. 1250–c. 1310)
 Petrus de Dacia (Swedish monk) (1235–1289)

Other
 Dacia Felix Bank, a defunct bank in Romania
 Dacia Hotel, a hotel in Satu Mare, Romania
 Diocese of Dacia Felix, a Romanian Orthodox diocese covering the east of Serbia

See also
 Dacicus (disambiguation)

Dacia (disambiguation)


Bhagatrav () is a minor archaeological site belonging to the Indus valley civilization. Excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India led by Dr. S. R. Rao, Bhagatrav is located in Hansot (51 km away from Surat) taluka of Bharuch district in south Gujarat, near the coastline with the Arabian Sea, and gives access to the agate-bearing mines and forested hills of the valleys of the rivers Narmada and Tapti.

Port
Bhagatrav seems to have been an important port, as Lothal. However, backwaters of sea and floods from Kim river has washed out the site to a large extent and only peripheral area is left for exploration and for eight months in a year, the site is surrounded by water.

The number of lead pieces, many earth samples with rich iron contents, stone beads, evidences of production of glazed ware (pottery) are found. It may have been a trading port contemporary to Lothal.

Significance
It is observed that flood was one of the reasons for decline/destruction of some Harappan settlements such as Bhagatrav, Lothal, Rangpur, Desalpur, Chanhu-daro etc.

This is one of southernmost Harappan settlements and the distance between Manda, Jammu (one of northernmost Harappan settlement located in Jammu and Kashmir) and Bhagatrav is about 1350 km.

See also
 List of Indus Valley Civilization sites

References

External links
 IVC sites Map

Indus Valley civilisation sites
Archaeological sites in Gujarat
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Bhagatrav


Earl of Beaconsfield, of Hughenden in the County of Buckingham, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1876 for the Jewish Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, a favourite of Queen Victoria.  Victoria favoured Disraeli's Tory policies over those of his Liberal rival, William Ewart Gladstone. Disraeli had also promoted the Royal Titles Act 1876 that had given Victoria the title of Empress of India. The subsidiary title of the earldom was Viscount Hughenden, of Hughenden in the County of Buckingham, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

In 1868, at the end of his first term as prime minister, Disraeli's wife Mary had been created Viscountess Beaconsfield, of Beaconsfield in the County of Buckingham, in her own right, allowing her husband to remain a member of the House of Commons. Lady Beaconsfield died in 1872. When Disraeli became an earl in 1876 he automatically lost his seat in the Commons but remained prime minister, leading his government from the House of Lords.

Beaconsfield is the name of a town in the county of Buckinghamshire. For most of his parliamentary career, Disraeli served as a member for Buckinghamshire.  He owned an estate, Hughenden Manor, in the nearby town of High Wycombe, but never lived in Beaconsfield.  His choice of title might have been partly influenced by the fact that in 1794 the conservative political philosopher and parliamentarian Edmund Burke, whom Disraeli admired, had turned down King George III's offer to raise him to the peerage as Lord Beaconsfield.

In 1878, Disraeli refused Queen Victoria's offer to make him a duke, accepting instead membership in the Order of the Garter.  The Disraelis died without direct heirs and their titles became extinct; Hughenden Manor passed to Lord Beaconsfield's nephew Coningsby Disraeli.

Earls of Beaconsfield (1876)
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804–1881)

Viscountess Beaconsfield (1868)
Mary Anne Disraeli, 1st Viscountess Beaconsfield (1792–1872)

References

1876 establishments in the United Kingdom
1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1876
Noble titles created for UK MPs
Peerages created for prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Benjamin Disraeli

Earl of Beaconsfield


Strip-Tease is a Belgian television documentary program that first aired on RTBF 1 in 1985. It later aired in Franco-Belgian on France 3 in 1992.  According to its creators, it aims to treat subjects "caught in the facts of society". The program is considered controversial for its crude discussion of difficult situations.

Concept of the show
Strip-Tease was created by Marco Lamensch and Jean Libon. Their aim was to achieve a new kind of documentary in which the commentators disappear, allowing the subjects themselves to speak.  The program deals mainly with moments of everyday life (family meals, doing household chores, working on a farm, etc.).  The idea is that the viewer is meant to identify with these intimate moments of their daily lives, demonstrated in the show's tagline: "Strip-Tease: The program that undresses you."

The show, of course, takes its name from the English word "striptease," also known as "stripping." The participants of the show gradually "undress" or reveal their private lives to the audience, allowing viewers to learn about them on a deeper, uncensored level. However, some viewers have complained that some episodes have turned the subjects into ones of ridicule without their knowledge.

Though some episodes air as Strip-Tease on France 3, Tout ça (ne nous rendra pas le Congo) is actually a revival of the show, but with a format of 52 minutes.

Past editions of the show are archived on the RTBF website.

References

French-language television programming in Belgium
La Une original programming

Strip-Tease (TV series)


Horace B. McKenna, S.J. (January 2, 1899 — May 11, 1982) was an American Catholic priest, founder of S.O.M.E. (So Others Might Eat), and advocate of the Sursum Corda Cooperative.

Biography
The youngest of 6 children, Horace was born in 1899 New York City, the son of Dr. Charles F. McKenna, a respected chemist and first chemical engineering graduate of Columbia University School of Mines, and Laura O'Neill McKenna. Educated at Fordham Preparatory School, McKenna entered the Society of Jesus at St. Andrew-on-the-Hudson on July 30, 1916. Between 1921 and 1923, he taught in a Jesuit school in Manila, Philippines. There, he discovered the desperate needs of the poor and oppressed. He was ordained June 23, 1929 and assigned to pastor parishes in southern Maryland amidst poverty and segregation including St. Peter Claver's Church, St. James' Church, St. Ignatius' Church and St. Inigoes's where he was assigned in June 1931. Here he worked for twenty-two years, and among his efforts helped create the Ridge Purchasing and Marketing Association. He was active in civil rights, Vietnam-era anti-war protests and the Poor People's Campaign.

From 1953 to 1958, he served at St. Aloysius Gonzaga parish, a Jesuit church a few blocks north of the U.S. Capitol, and then as assistant pastor at the Church of the Gesú in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1958 to 1964. In 1964 he returned to St. Aloysius and remained there for the rest of his life, living at Gonzaga College High School and serving the poor. In his commitment to social justice in Washington, D.C., Fr. McKenna founded So Others Might Eat, a soup kitchen, clinic and employment center; Martha's Table, a soup kitchen and child education center; and House of Ruth, a center for homeless women. He was also one of the leaders in establishing the Sursum Corda Cooperative, a housing development for the poor. Documentation of his life's work is maintained in the Georgetown University Library Special Collections Division.

McKenna was named "Washingtonian of the Year" by Washingtonian Magazine in 1977. He received an honorary degree from the University of Scranton in 1998. The McKenna Center, a local shelter and soup kitchen for homeless men, located under the Great Church of St. Aloysius, was named after him in 1982. McKenna Walk NW, a short street within Sursum Corda, is also named after him.

The Father McKenna Center is still located in the basement of Saint Aloysius Catholic Church at 900 North Capitol Street NW in Washington, DC. The McKenna Center exists to meet the needs of the poor and homeless who reside in one of Washington's poorest neighborhoods despite being in the shadow of the US Capitol Building. McKenna Center serves the needs of the poor, men, women and children. Each day, the McKenna Center fulfills the Gospel instruction to "feed the hungry, shelter the homeless and clothe the naked".

McKenna is buried in the Jesuit Community Cemetery at Georgetown University.

References

External links
 Biography at Georgetown University: REV. HORACE B. MCKENNA, S.J., PAPERS: PART II

20th-century American Jesuits
People from Washington, D.C.
American social workers
1899 births
1982 deaths
Activists from New York City
Burials at the Georgetown University Jesuit Community Cemetery
Fordham Preparatory School alumni

Horace McKenna


Bijou Lilly Phillips Masterson (born April 1, 1980) is an American actress, model, and singer. The daughter of musician John Phillips and Geneviève Waïte, she began her career as a model. Phillips made her singing debut with I'd Rather Eat Glass (1999), and since her first major film appearance in Black and White (1999), she has acted in Almost Famous (2000), Bully (2001), The Door in the Floor (2004), Hostel: Part II (2007), and Choke (2008). From 2010 to 2013, she played the recurring role of Lucy Carlyle on the television series Raising Hope.

Early life and education
Phillips was born on April 1, 1980, in Greenwich, Connecticut, and is the daughter of John Phillips of the Mamas and the Papas and his third wife, Geneviève Waïte, a South African model, artist, and actress. She was named for the song "My Petite Bijou" by Lambert, Hendricks & Ross (bijou means 'jewel' in French). She is the youngest of Phillips's children; she has one brother, Tamerlane, and three half-siblings (Mackenzie, Jeffrey, and Chynna). After her parents split up, both were found unfit to have custody of Bijou and she was placed in foster care with a family in Bolton Landing, New York. She lived there on and off, making extended visits with her parents, who had both acquired houses in the area. Her father won custody when she was in third grade, and she moved with him to Lloyd Harbor, a village of the Town of Huntington, Long Island.

According to Waïte, when Phillips was 13 years old, her half-sister Mackenzie informed Bijou of her (Mackenzie's) ten-year incestuous relationship with their father, and the information had a devastating effect on Bijou's teenage years, stripping her of her innocence and leaving her "wary of [her] father".

At 14, Phillips left school and moved into her own apartment with a housekeeper, just off Fifth Avenue. Once described by The Observer as a "wild child", she experienced a rebellious childhood in New York City, where she used to party, drink and take drugs, such as cocaine, ecstasy, and heroin. On this period of her life, she remarked: "If you were 14 years old and able to live on your own in an apartment in New York City, and you got invited to all these clubs, and you got a bank account and you had a car service you could call so that you could go wherever you wanted ... What would happen?" Growing up, she became somewhat of a local tabloids' fixture due to her late-night persona and association with other socialites like sisters Paris and Nicky Hilton. At 17, following the death of her friend, the 20-year-old Manhattan socialite Davide Sorrenti, her father sent her into rehab.

Career

Beginnings (1994–1999)
Phillips was on the cover of Interview magazine when she was 13. Shortly thereafter, she appeared on the cover of Vogue Italia. Phillips also became an image model for Calvin Klein and appeared in several advertising campaigns in which adolescents showed white underwear. The campaigns were widely condemned as eerily pedophilic. She has expressed her distaste for the modeling world, and once stated in an interview: "It was like, I wanted to go swimming in the ocean, but I was jumping up and down in a puddle."

After signing a record deal at age 17, Phillips began working on her debut album I'd Rather Eat Glass, produced by Jerry Harrison. It was released on May 11, 1999, by Almo Sounds, and remains her only full-length music release to date. The album's title refers to her past as a fashion model, saying she would "rather eat glass" than go back to modeling. Phillips collaborated with a number of artists when writing songs for the album, including Eric Bazilian, Greg Wells, Dave Bassett, Howard Jones and Jill Cunniff. Upon its release, I'd Rather Eat Glass received mixed reviews from music critics, mostly criticising the work for being immature, but her musical style has been positively compared to Natalie Imbruglia or Kay Hanley of Letters to Cleo.

Phillips made her film debut in a brief role of the independent drama Sugar Town (1999). Her first major film role came the same year, as an Upper East Side girl trying to fit in with the black hip-hop crowd, in James Toback's drama Black and White, opposite Robert Downey Jr., Jared Leto, Brooke Shields and Elijah Wood. The film received mixed reviews and found a limited audience in theaters, but AllMovie remarked: "[The film] starts off strong with a provocative performance by newcomer Bijou Phillips as the most unapologetic seeker of approval from her hip-hop-loving friends. Phillips eventually fades into the background, and the film becomes hampered by Toback's insistence upon grafting a standard crime-drama plot".

Acting breakthrough (2000–2005)
Phillips appeared with Kate Hudson in Cameron Crowe's semi-biographical musical drama Almost Famous (2000). The film was a critical success and received four Academy Awards nominations. 2001 saw Phillips star in two independent coming-of-age films. In Tart, opposite Dominique Swain and Melanie Griffith, she played the longtime friend of a young woman at a preparatory school in 1980s New York City. PopMatters found Phillips to be one of the only intriguing actors in the film, "thanks to yet another fearless performance".

In Bully, based on the 1993 murder of Bobby Kent, she played one of several young adults in South Florida who plotted to murder a mutual friend that had emotionally, physically and sexually abused them for years. The film received a mixed critical response, but famed critic Roger Ebert was a notable admirer who gave it four out of four stars. Her performance in the film led The Hollywood Reporter to name her one of 2002's "Shooting Stars of Tomorrow".

In 2003, Phillips starred alongside Mischa Barton as a member of a bizarre cult of young criminals in the thriller Octane, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. In 2004, she played the nanny of an author's young daughter, with Jeff Bridges and Kim Basinger, in The Door in the Floor (2004), a drama with heavy sexual themes adapted from the novel A Widow for One Year by John Irving. Phillips starred with Anne Hathaway in the drama Havoc (2005) as a spoiled socialite. ViewLondon wrote that the "supporting cast are superb, particularly Bijou Phillips" as the "trashy best friend", while Variety asserted: "As played by Hathaway and Phillips, the friendship between [their characters] rings girlish and true, and comes complete with tantalizing, lesbian-flavored moments". Havoc was not released in theaters in the United States due to unfavorable critical reception. She appeared as an ill-fated high school senior in the slasher film Venom (also 2005), produced by Kevin Williamson.

Horror films (2006–2009)
In 2007, Phillips starred in the independent horror film The Wizard of Gore, as the girlfriend of a magic magazine's publisher. She also collaborated with actress Lauren German in three films, the first of which was the comedy drama Spin, about seven people at a popular Los Angeles nightclub. In Hostel: Part II, which served as a sequel to Hostel (2005), Phillips starred as one of three American female art students in Rome who are directed to a Slovak village, where they are kidnapped and taken to a facility in which rich clients pay to torture and kill people. She claimed that her torture sequence, which entails her being scalped by a power saw, required around forty-five setups. "I don't think I could do something like this again", she stated in a 2007 interview. "I'm glad that I had the experience, and I love my job, but we went into places that I didn't know existed, and I don't need to do that again." Banned from theatrical release in several countries, Hostel: Part II was released theatrically in the United States, to lackluster box office returns.

The biographical film What We Do Is Secret featured Phillips as Lorna Doom, the Germs' bassist and a close friend of singer Darby Crash. Director Rodger Grossman cast Phillips when she was 17 years old, and she stayed committed to the project for almost a decade as he worked to bring the film into production. She received critical acclaim for her portrayal; Phil Gallo for Variety found her performance to be "striking" and stated that her character "lights up in a unique way whenever she's in Crash's company or simply talking about him". In 2008, Phillips appeared in a documentary about the Hotel Chelsea called Chelsea on the Rocks, directed by Abel Ferrara. She also starred, opposite Sam Rockwell and Anjelica Huston, as a milkmaid in the well-received black comedy Choke, based on the Chuck Palahniuk's novel of the same name. In her last film of 2008, Dark Streets, Phillips played the alluring star singer of a club in 1930s New York City.

In 2009, Phillips had starring roles in four independent feature films, three of which were opposite Danny Masterson. Her first release in the year was the romantic comedy Wake, in which she played an emotionally isolated modern woman who meets a man mourning his fiancée at a funeral. The horror film It's Alive, a remake of the 1974 film of the same name written and directed by Larry Cohen, saw Phillips star as the mother of a murderous baby. Dread Central, in its review for the film, noted: "Bijou Philips is undoubtedly the star here, jumping into her role in what is admittedly just a piece of schlock cinema with great aplomb". In the comedy Made for Each Other, Phillips reunited with Lauren German to play a woman whose husband decides the only way to morally rectify his cheating is to get his wife to cheat on him. Her last 2009 film was the crime drama The Bridge to Nowhere, portraying a sex worker.

Television and hiatus (2010–present)
In FOX's sitcom Raising Hope (2010–2014), Phillips played the title character's biological mother, a serial killer sentenced to death. She appeared in a total of seven episodes of the series. In 2010 and 2012, she guest-starred in episodes of the police procedural television series Hawaii Five-0 and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, and in 2011 she appeared in the video for Broken Social Scene's song "Sweetest Kill". Phillips has not acted since her last appearance in Raising Hope, opting to focus on her family and health.

Personal life
Phillips dated Sean Lennon at some point in the mid-2000s and she became the muse and subject matter of his 2006 album Friendly Fire.

In 2004, Phillips began dating actor Danny Masterson; the couple met at a poker tournament in Las Vegas. They are both Scientologists. The couple announced their engagement in March 2009 and were married in October 2011 in a private castle in Ireland. On February 14, 2014, Phillips gave birth to their daughter. Phillips starred with Masterson in several films and in a 2011 episode of Fox's Raising Hope.

Masterson revealed in February 2017 that Phillips had been suffering from kidney disease for five years. She was born with small kidneys and had been battling the disease by living a stress-free life, eating a vegan diet, and getting dialysis. She suffered from a blood infection and was in need of a transplant. In April 2017, she received a kidney transplant.

Phillips has defended both her father and her husband (the former accused of rape and incest by Phillips's half-sister Mackenzie; the latter convicted of rape and sexual assault by multiple women) in the face of allegations of sexual abuse.

Of Mackenzie's allegations of sexual assault against their father, Phillips said in 2009, "I'm 29 now, I've talked to everyone who was around during that time, I've asked the hard questions. I do not believe my sister. Our father [was] many things. This is not one of them." Phillips also stated that Mackenzie told her about their incestuous relationship, and that the news was "confusing and scary" and that she was "heartbroken" to think that her family left her alone with her father. In a 2000 interview with Bruce LaBruce, she discussed a song she had written about her father with the refrain, "He touched me wrong", but did not go into detail about whether the lyrics referred to herself or someone else.

Between 2017 and 2020, Phillips' husband Masterson was accused of rape, harassment, and stalking of several women (including Chrissie Carnell-Bixler, the wife of musician Cedric Bixler-Zavala). In September 2023, Masterson was sentenced to 30 years to life in prison. Later that month, she filed for divorce.

Allegations of physical and emotional abuse
In November 2017, actor Daniel Franzese alleged that Phillips had "ridiculed" him about his sexuality and weight, and physically assaulted him on the set of Bully. Phillips subsequently apologized for her behavior. The same month, actress Heather Matarazzo claimed that Phillips had held her against a wall and choked her shortly before filming for Hostel: Part II began.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Discography
Albums
I'd Rather Eat Glass (1999)

Singles

Promotional singles
"Hawaii" (1999)

References

External links

1980 births
American female models
American women singer-songwriters
American women rock singers
American film actresses
American rock songwriters
American people of South African descent
American people of British descent
American voice actresses
American video game actresses
Living people
Actresses from Greenwich, Connecticut
American Scientologists
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Musicians from Greenwich, Connecticut
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Kidney transplant recipients
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century American women singers
Masterson family
American socialites
Phillips family
Singer-songwriters from Connecticut

Bijou Phillips