Ross Pople (born 11 May 1945) is a New Zealand-born British conductor. He is the principal conductor of the London Festival Orchestra. He has worked with Yehudi Menuhin, Clifford Curzon, David Oistrakh, Kentner, George Malcolm, Sir Adrian Boult, Rudolf Kempe, Benjamin Britten, Witold Lutosławski, Krzysztof Penderecki, Michael Tippett, Georg Solti, Leonard Bernstein, George Benjamin, John Casken, Edwin Roxburgh, Luciano Berio, John Tavener, Malcolm Arnold, Pierre Boulez as well as many other major orchestras, choirs and soloists.

As an outstanding young cellist from New Zealand, Ross Pople was awarded scholarships to study in England at the Royal Academy of Music, the Paris Conservatoire and the Chigiana Academia, Siena.  After graduating and at the age of 23 Yehudi Menuhin appointed Pople to be solo principal cellist of the Bath/Menuhin Festival Orchestra. He was subsequently appointed solo principal cellist of the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

In 1980 Ross Pople took up the helm of London Festival Orchestra and toured Germany. He quickly made LFO a household name through his summer festival titled Cathedral Classics, often directing from the cello.  He has taken the LFO on tour throughout Europe, the Americas and the Far East. Also associated with Pople's name is the Southbank series Birthday Honours, the Hochhauser series at the Barbican, the annual Remembrance Sunday Concert at the Royal Albert Hall, the festival Dutch Cornucopia and the Virtuoso Piano series at Cadogan Hall.

Ross Pople is Artistic Director of The Warehouse, a studio space which hosts BBC3's recording of the New Generation Artists series, the British Music Information Centre (BMIC) contemporary series Cutting Edge and the resident Warehouse Ensemble.

Critics often cite Pople's sound knowledge of the orchestra and repertoire which ensures effortless communication between composer, orchestra and audience. Pople has produced a large number of definitive performances and recordings and is acknowledged as an expert interpreter of contemporary music

Pople has recorded some 80 discs for the Deutsche Grammophon, Hyperion, ASV and Sony BMG Arte Nova labels. These include the complete Mendelssohn String Symphonies, Holst The Planets, Richard Strauss Metamorphosen, Sinfonie Concertanti (by J.S. Bach, Haydn, Stamitz and Mozart), symphonies of Schubert and Mendelssohn, Haydn's complete London Symphonies, Arnold, Stravinsky, Vaughan Williams, César Franck, Boccherini, Schoenberg and more.

Discography
Arnold – Sinfoniettas 1 – 3, Oboe Concerto Op. 39
Bach, J.S. – Brandenburg Concertos No.'s 1, 2 & 3
Bach, J.S. – Brandenburg Concertos No's 4, 5 & 6
Bach, J.S. – Musical Offering
Bach, J.S. – Suite No. 1 in C major BWV 1066, Suite No. 2 in B minor BWV 1067
Bach, J.S. – Suite No. 3 in D, BWV 1068, Suite No. 4 in D, BWV 1069
Bach, J.C. – Symphonies Op. 3, No's 1 – 6
Bach, J.C. – 4 Sinfonies Concertantes
Boccherini – Symphonies 6 in D minor, 8 in A
Boccherini – Six Symphonies Op. 35
Boccherini – Four Symphonies Op. 37, No's 1, 3 & 4
Boyce – Symphonies
Britten – Variations on a theme of Frank Bridge, Simple Symphony
Christmas Collection  – 'Festliche Suite' in A major, Shepherd's Music for Christmas and more
Copland – Appalachian Spring, Sextet for Clarinet, Piano & String Quartet
Corelli – Concerti Grossi Op. 6, No.'s 1 – 6
Corelli – Concerti Grossi Op. 6, No.'s 7 – 12
Cornucopia – Two CD selection from the first 21 years Warehouse Records
Dvořák – Serenade for Strings Op.22, Serenade for Wind Op. 44
Elgar – Introduction and Allegro, Serenade for Strings
Fauré – Highlights from 'Cathedral Classics'
Franck – Symphonic Variations for Piano and Orchestra, Cello Sonata
Grieg – Holberg Suite, Two Elegiac Melodies
Handel – Oboe Concerto's No.'s 1, 2 & 3, Flute Concerto
Handel – Water Music, Concerto Grosso Op.3, No. 3
Handel – The Messiah
Haydn – London Symphonies No.'s 1 – 12
Haydn & Stamitz – Sinfonia Concertante in B flat, Op.84 Hob1:105, Symphonie Concertante in C, for two violins
Holst – The Planets, A Fugal Overture
Holst – St. Paul's Suite, Brook Green Suite
Janáček – Suite for Strings – Mładi, Idyll
Mendelssohn – The Complete String Symphonies
Mendelssohn – Symphonies 1 & 4, Hebrides Overture
Mendelssohn – Octet, Quintet
Mozart – The 2 Sinfonie Concertanti
Mozart – Sinfonie Concertante
Orff – Carmina Burana
Roxburgh – 'How pleasant to know Mr Lear', 'Dreamtime' for Flute & Orchestra
Saint-Saëns – Carnival of the Animals, 'Wedding Cake' polka for Piano & Strings
Schoenberg/Strauss – Verklarte Nacht, Metamorphosen
Schubert – Symphonies 1 & 2
Schubert – Symphonies 3 & 4
Stravinsky – Pulcinella Suite, Appollon Musagete
Stravinsky – The Soldiers Tale (complete)
Vaughan Williams – Fantasia on a theme of Thomas Tallis, The Lark Ascending
Warlock – Capriol Suite, Serenade for strings
Wassenaer – Six Concerti Armonici

References

1945 births
Living people
British male conductors (music)
British people of New Zealand descent
Accademia Musicale Chigiana alumni
British classical cellists
21st-century British conductors (music)
21st-century British male musicians
21st-century cellists

Ross Pople


In field theory, a nonlocal Lagrangian is a Lagrangian, a type of functional  containing terms that are nonlocal in the fields , i.e. not polynomials or functions of the fields or their derivatives evaluated at a single point in the space of dynamical parameters (e.g. space-time). Examples of such nonlocal Lagrangians might be:

 The Wess–Zumino–Witten action.

Actions obtained from nonlocal Lagrangians are called nonlocal actions. The actions appearing in the fundamental theories of physics, such as the Standard Model, are local actions; nonlocal actions play a part in theories that attempt to go beyond the Standard Model and also in some effective field theories. Nonlocalization of a local action is also an essential aspect of some regularization procedures. Noncommutative quantum field theory also gives rise to nonlocal actions.

Quantum measurement
Quantum field theory
Theoretical physics

Nonlocal Lagrangian


Giovanni Sarnelli (23 June 1714 in Naples – 1793 in Naples) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque style. He was one of at least four brothers: including Antonio (died 1800), Gennaro, and Giuseppe, trained in the studio of Paolo de Matteis, and active painting mainly sacred subjects in Campania, Italy. Their father had been an army officer for the Royal administration. One of Giovanni's brothers, Ferdinando, was a secretary of the Banco di San Giacomo. The biographer Bernardo De Dominici mainly recalled Gennaro, but mentioned that Antonio and Giovanni, then still alive were excellent pupils of Matteis.

Antonio worked with Giovanni in frescoes for Palazzo Partanna, now home to the Industrial Union of Naples. Giovanni also painted a Consecration of the Virgin (1766) for the church of Santa Anna at Sessa Aurunca. He also painted Scenes of the Life of Beato Franco (1751), St Januarius and St Irene and St Gregory celebrates Mass (1774) for the church of Santa Maria del Carmine. He painted a Conversion of St Paul for the church of the Padri della Missione ai Vergini, and a St Joseph and Child Jesus (1787) for the Archconfraternity of San Giuseppe dei Nudi in Naples.

References

1714 births
1793 deaths
18th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Painters from Naples
18th-century Italian male artists

Giovanni Sarnelli


Lake Buena Vista () is a city in Orange County, Florida, United States. It is mostly known for being the mailing address for Walt Disney World—although almost all of the resort facilities, including all four theme parks, are physically located in the adjacent city of Bay Lake. It is one of two Florida municipalities inside the Central Florida Tourism Oversight District, which also contains Walt Disney World, the other being Bay Lake. The permanent residential population of Lake Buena Vista was 24 at the 2020 census.

Lake Buena Vista is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Chapter 67-1965 of the Laws of Florida, incorporating the City of Reedy Creek, was signed into law by Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr. on May 12, 1967, the same day he also signed chapters 67-764 (creating the Reedy Creek Improvement District), also known as the Reedy Creek Improvement Act, and 67-1104 (incorporating the city of Bay Lake). It was located fully inside the Reedy Creek Improvement District. The city was controlled by Walt Disney Productions and allowed it powers that other area attractions had not had.

Chapter 69-1527, which became a law on July 3, 1969, without the governor's approval, redefined the city boundaries. The city was completely moved, taking over some land that had been part of the City of Bay Lake (and was given up by Chapter 69-836, which became a law the same day) and including some other land that had formerly been unincorporated. Soon after, the City of Reedy Creek was renamed to the City of Lake Buena Vista to better reflect its new location, through which Reedy Creek did not flow. "Buena Vista" comes from the name of the street in Burbank, California, where The Walt Disney Company is headquartered.

The Reedy Creek Improvement District had all the powers of the city and more, raising the questions of why cities needed to be incorporated inside it. Walt Disney's original plans for the site included at least one futuristic living area, a planned "community of the future". This was never built, but some of the ideas were incorporated into the EPCOT theme park and later Celebration, Florida. The only residents of the city are Disney employees and their immediate family members who live in a small community on Royal Oak Court, north of Disney Springs. From 1971 to 2022, the only landowners are fully owned subsidiaries of Disney, and rights-of-way for state and county roads.

Geography

Lake Buena Vista is located at  (28.377362, –81.521728).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and  (4.02%) is water.

Climate

The lake

Lake Buena Vista is a small body of water located east of the Buena Vista Golf Course, west of the crossing of State Road 535 and Interstate 4. The lake, which was called "Blake Lake" before its acquisition by Disney, was named for Buena Vista Street in Burbank, California, where Disney's corporate headquarters are located. Several Walt Disney Company business entities had names containing "Buena Vista", a Spanish phrase that means "good view".

In 2015, guide maps for the Disney Springs shopping, dining, and entertainment district started promoting Village Lake, which the district and Disney's Saratoga Springs Resort & Spa borders, as "Lake Buena Vista". The actual lake and the promoted lake are connected via a stream, which is crossed by a bridge linking Disney Springs' Marketplace area with Saratoga Springs Resort.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 16 people, 9 households, and 5 families residing in the city. The population density was 3.3 inhabitants per square mile (1.3/km). There were 11 housing units at an average density of 2.3 per square mile (0.9/km).

There were 9 households, out of which one had children under the age of 18 living with them, four were married couples living together, none had a female householder with no husband present. Four households were made up of individuals, one of whom was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.78 and the average family size was 2.40.

The age distribution was two under 18, none between 18 and 24, three from 25 to 44, six from 45 to 64, and five who were 65 or older. The median age was 53 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,375, and the median income for a family was $62,500. Males had a median income of $60,000 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the city was $25,769.

Points of interest

 Walt Disney World Resort
 Typhoon Lagoon
 Disney Springs
 Lake Buena Vista Golf Course
Wyndham Lake Buena Vista Disney Springs Resort Hotel
Wyndham Garden Lake Buena Vista Disney Springs Resort Area Hotel

Government and infrastructure

The Reedy Creek Improvement District has its Fire Department Emergency Services station in Bay Lake, near Lake Buena Vista.

Education
Lake Buena Vista is within Orange County Public Schools.

The only subdivision within Lake Buena Vista (Royal Oak Court) falls within the attendance zones of Sand Lake Elementary School, Southwest Middle School, and Dr. Phillips High School.

See also

Bay Lake, Florida
Reedy Creek Improvement District

Notes

References

External links

Information at Reedy Creek Improvement District website

Cities in Orange County, Florida
Company towns in Florida
Greater Orlando
Populated places established in 1967
Cities in Florida
Reedy Creek Improvement District
1967 establishments in Florida

Lake Buena Vista, Florida


The Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational  news channel and website headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.  Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

As of February 2023, CNN had 80 million television households as subscribers in the US. According to Nielsen, in June 2021 CNN ranked third in viewership among cable news networks, behind Fox News and MSNBC, averaging 580,000 viewers throughout the day, down 49% from a year earlier, amid sharp declines in viewers across all cable news networks. While CNN ranked 14th among all basic cable networks in 2019, then jumped to 7th during a major surge for the three largest cable news networks (completing a rankings streak of Fox News at number 5 and MSNBC at number 6 for that year), it settled back to number 11 in 2021 and had further declined to number 21 in 2022.

Globally, CNN programming has aired through CNN International, seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories; since May 2019, however, the US domestic version has absorbed international news coverage in order to reduce programming costs. The American version, sometimes referred to as CNN (US), is also available in Canada, and some islands in the Caribbean. CNN also broadcasts in India where it is called CNN-News18, and in Japan, where it was first broadcast on CNNj in 2003, with simultaneous translation in Japanese.

History

The Cable News Network launched at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on June 1, 1980. After an introduction by Ted Turner, the husband and wife team of David Walker and Lois Hart anchored the channel's first newscast. Burt Reinhardt, the executive vice president of CNN, hired most of the channel's first 200 employees, including the network's first news anchor, Bernard Shaw.

Since its debut, CNN has expanded its reach to several cable and satellite television providers, websites, and specialized closed-circuit channels (such as CNN Airport). The company has 42 bureaus (12 domestic, 31 international), more than 900 affiliated local stations (which also receive news and features content via the video newswire service CNN Newsource), and several regional and foreign-language networks around the world. The channel's success made a bona-fide mogul of founder Ted Turner and set the stage for conglomerate Time Warner's (later WarnerMedia which merged with Discovery Inc. forming Warner Bros. Discovery) eventual acquisition of the Turner Broadcasting System in 1996.

Programming

CNN's current weekday schedule consists mostly of rolling news programming during daytime hours, followed by in-depth news and information programs during the evening and prime time hours. The network's morning programming consists of Early Start, an early-morning news program hosted by Christine Romans and Laura Jarrett at 5–6 a.m. ET. This is followed by CNN This Morning, the network's morning show, hosted by Poppy Harlow and Phil Mattingly, at 6–9 a.m. ET. CNN News Central serves as the network's rolling news block on weekdays (replacing its previous rolling news block CNN Newsroom in April 2023), with its morning edition anchored by John Berman, Kate Bolduan, and Sara Sidner, and its afternoon edition anchored by Brianna Keilar, Boris Sanchez, and Jim Sciutto. In between these two blocks is Inside Politics, hosted by John King at noon–1 p.m. ET.

CNN's late afternoon and early evening lineup consists of The Lead with Jake Tapper at 4–5 p.m. ET and The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer at 5–7 p.m. ET. the programs are sometimes anchored by Brianna Keilar and/or John Berman when Tapper and Blitzer are not present. The network's evening and prime time lineup shifts towards more in-depth programming, including Erin Burnett OutFront at 7 p.m. ET, Anderson Cooper 360° at 8 p.m. ET, and CNN Primetime at 9 p.m. ET, which features a rotation of various special reports and interviews. The 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. hours are filled by CNN Tonight, which are anchored by Laura Coates and Alisyn Camerota respectively.

Weekend primetime—from 9 p.m. ET on Saturday and 8 p.m. ET on Sunday—is dedicated mostly to factual programming, such as documentary specials and miniseries, and documentary-style reality series (such as Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown and United Shades of America), as well as acquired documentary films presented under the banner CNN Films. The network's weekend morning programming consists of CNN Newsroom (simulcast from CNN International) at 4–6 a.m. ET every Saturday and 3–6 a.m. ET every Sunday, which is followed by the weekend editions of CNN This Morning, hosted by Amara Walker and Boris Sanchez, which airs every Saturday at 6–9 a.m. ET and Sunday at 6–8 a.m. ET, and the network's Saturday program Smerconish with Michael Smerconish at 9 a.m. ET. Sunday morning lineup consists primarily of political talk shows, including Inside Politics Sunday, hosted by Abby Phillip at 8 a.m. ET, State of the Union, co-hosted by Jake Tapper and Dana Bash at 9 a.m. ET and repeated at noon ET, and the international affairs program Fareed Zakaria GPS, hosted by Fareed Zakaria at 10 a.m. ET and repeated at 1 p.m. ET. Weekend programming other than aforementioned slots is filled with CNN Newsroom.

For the 2014–15 season, after cancelling Piers Morgan Tonight (which, itself, replaced the long-running Larry King Live), CNN experimented with running factual and reality-style programming during the 9:00 p.m. ET hour, such as John Walsh's The Hunt, This Is Life with Lisa Ling, and Mike Rowe's Somebody's Gotta Do It. Then-president Jeff Zucker explained that this new lineup was intended to shift CNN away from a reliance on pundit-oriented programs, and attract younger demographics to the network. Zucker stated that the 9:00 p.m. hour could be pre-empted during major news events for expanded coverage. These changes coincided with the introduction of a new imaging campaign for the network, featuring the slogan "Go there". In May 2014, CNN premiered The Sixties, a documentary miniseries produced by Tom Hanks, and Gary Goetzman which chronicled the United States in the 1960s. Owing to its success, CNN commissioned follow-ups focusing on other decades. Anderson Cooper 360° was expanded to run two hours long, from 8 pm to 10 pm.

By 2019, CNN had produced at least 35 original series. Alongside the Hanks/Goetzman franchise (including the 2018 spin-off 1968), CNN has aired other documentary miniseries relating to news and U.S. policies, such as The Bush Years, and American Dynasties: The Kennedys—which saw the highest ratings of any CNN original series premiere to-date, with 1.7 million viewers. Parts Unknown concluded after the 2018 suicide of its host Anthony Bourdain; CNN announced several new miniseries and docuseries for 2019, including American Style (a miniseries produced by the digital media company Vox Media), The Redemption Project with Van Jones, Chasing Life with Sanjay Gupta, Tricky Dick (a miniseries chronicling Richard Nixon), The Movies (a spin-off of the Hanks/Goetzman decades miniseries), and Once in a Great City: Detroit 1962–64.

With the takeover of CNN by Chris Licht and Warner Bros. Discovery, it was announced in October 2022 that CNN would cut back on acquisitions and commissions from third-parties as a cost-cutting measure, but Licht stressed that "longform content remains an important pillar of our programming", while the network announced a slate for 2023 that would include commissions such as Giuliani: What Happened to America's Mayor?, United States of Scandal, and The 2010s.

On-air presentation
CNN began broadcasting in the high-definition 1080i resolution format in September 2007. This format is now standard for CNN and is available on all major cable and satellite providers.

CNN's political coverage in HD was first given mobility by the introduction of the CNN Election Express bus in October 2007. The Election Express vehicle, capable of five simultaneous HD feeds, was used for the channel's CNN-YouTube presidential debates and for presidential candidate interviews.

In December 2008, CNN introduced a comprehensive redesign of its on-air appearance, which replaced an existing style that had been used since 2004. On-air graphics took a rounded, flat look in a predominantly black, white, and red color scheme, and the introduction of a new box next to the CNN logo for displaying show logos and segment-specific graphics, rather than as a large banner above the lower-third. The redesign also replaced the scrolling ticker with a static "flipper", which could either display a feed of news headlines (both manually inserted and taken from the RSS feeds of CNN.com), or "topical" details related to a story.

CNN's next major redesign was introduced on January 10, 2011, replacing the dark, flat appearance of the 2008 look with a glossier, blue and white color scheme, moving the secondary logo box to the opposite end of the screen, and framing its graphics for the 16:9 aspect ratio (which is downscaled to a letterboxed format for standard definition feeds). On February 18, 2013, following Jeff Zucker's arrival as head of the network, the "flipper" was dropped and reverted to a scrolling ticker.

On August 11, 2014, CNN introduced a new graphics package, dropping the glossy appearance for a flat, rectangular scheme incorporating red, white, and black colors, and the Gotham typeface. The ticker alternated between general headlines and financial news from CNN Business, and the secondary logo box was replaced with a smaller box below the CNN bug, which displayed either the title, hashtag, or Twitter handle for the show being aired or its anchor. In April 2016, CNN began to introduce a new corporate typeface, known as "CNN Sans", across all of its platforms. Inspired by Helvetica Neue and commissioned after consultations with Troika Design Group, the font family consists of 30 different versions with varying weights and widths to facilitate use across print, television, and digital mediums. CNN International would also adopt these graphics, but with the CNN logo bug having a white on red color scheme to differentiate it from the domestic network.

In August 2016, CNN announced the launch of CNN Aerial Imagery and Reporting (CNN AIR), a drone-based news collecting operation to integrate aerial imagery and reporting across all CNN branches and platforms, along with Turner Broadcasting and Time Warner entities.

On June 1, 2023, CNN refreshed its graphics to mark the 43rd anniversary of its launch, using gradients and rounded corners, thinner fonts, and a modified layout which moved the show title to a secondary tab on the lower third next to the segment title, and replaced the ticker with a static "flipper" for the first time since 2013, among other changes. Amid poor internal reception to the redesign and the firing of Chris Licht as head of CNN, elements of the prior graphics began to be reinstated later that month, including the bolder typography previously used for lower third headlines. Further changes were made in mid-August, reinstating the scrolling ticker and the show title box to make it closer resemble the 2014–23 graphics, but maintaining most of the other visual changes.

Staff

On July 27, 2012, CNN president Jim Walton announced he was resigning after 30 years at the network. Walton remained with CNN until the end of that year. In January 2013, former NBCUniversal President Jeff Zucker replaced Walton.

On January 29, 2013, longtime political analysts James Carville and Mary Matalin, and fellow political contributor Erick Erickson were let go by CNN.

In February 2022, Zucker was asked to resign by Jason Kilar, the chief executive of CNN's owner WarnerMedia, after Zucker's relationship with one of his lieutenants was discovered during the investigation into former CNN primetime host Chris Cuomo's efforts to control potentially damaging reporting regarding his brother Andrew Cuomo, governor of New York. Kilar announced that the interim co-heads would be executive vice presidents Michael Bass, Amy Entelis, and Ken Jautz.  On February 26, 2022, it was announced that Chris Licht—known for his work at MSNBC and CBS—would be the next president of CNN; he was planned to be instated after the spin off and merger of WarnerMedia into Discovery Inc. Licht started his tenure in May 2022, and his tenure ended in June 2023.

In August 2023, it announced Mark Thompson as its next CEO.

Other platforms

Website
CNN launched its website, CNN.com (initially known as CNN Interactive), on August 30, 1995. The site attracted growing interest over its first decade and is now one of the most popular news websites in the world. The widespread growth of blogs, social media and user-generated content have influenced the site, and blogs in particular have focused CNN's previously scattershot online offerings, most noticeably in the development and launch of CNN Pipeline in late 2005.

In April 2009, CNN.com ranked third place among online global news sites in unique users in the U.S., according to Nielsen/NetRatings; with an increase of 11% over the previous year.

CNN Pipeline was the name of a paid subscription service, its corresponding website, and a content delivery client that provided streams of live video from up to four sources (or "pipes"), on-demand access to CNN stories and reports, and optional pop-up "news alerts" to computer users. The installable client was available to users of PCs running Microsoft Windows. There was also a browser-based "web client" that did not require installation. The service was discontinued in July 2007, and was replaced with a free streaming service.

On April 18, 2008, CNN.com was targeted by Chinese hackers in retaliation for the channel's coverage on the 2008 Tibetan unrest. CNN reported that they took preventive measures after news broke of the impending attack.

The company was honored at the 2008 Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for development and implementation of an integrated and portable IP-based live, edit and store-and-forward digital news gathering (DNG) system. The first use of what would later win CNN this award was in April 2001 when CNN correspondent Lisa Rose Weaver covered, and was detained, for the release of the U.S. Navy crew of a damaged electronic surveillance plane after the Hainan Island incident. The technology consisted of a videophone produced by 7E Communications Ltd of London, UK. This DNG workflow is used today by the network to receive material worldwide using an Apple MacBook Pro, various prosumer and professional digital cameras, software from Streambox Inc., and BGAN terminals from Hughes Network Systems.

On October 24, 2009, CNN launched a new version of the CNN.com website; the revamped site included the addition of a new "sign up" option, in which users can create their own username and profile, and a new "CNN Pulse" (beta) feature, along with a new red color theme. However, most of the news stories archived on the website were deleted.

Blogs
The topical news program Judy Woodruff's Inside Politics was the first CNN program to feature a round-up of blogs in 2005. Blog coverage was expanded when Inside Politics was folded into The Situation Room (Inside Politics later returned to CNN in 2014, this time hosted by the network's chief national correspondent John King.). In 2006, CNN launched CNN Exchange and CNN iReport, initiatives designed to further introduce and centralize the impact of everything from blogging to citizen journalism within the CNN brand. CNN iReport which features user-submitted photos and video, has achieved considerable traction, with increasingly professional-looking reports filed by amateur journalists, many still in high school or college. The iReport gained more prominence when observers of the Virginia Tech shootings sent-in first hand photos of what was going on during the shootings.

In April 2010, CNN announced via Twitter that it would launch a food blog called "Eatocracy", which will "cover all news related to food – from recalls to health issues to culture". CNN had an internet relay chat (IRC) network at chat.cnn.com. CNN placed a live chat with Benjamin Netanyahu on the network in 1998.

CNNHealth consists of expert doctors answering viewers' questions online at CNN's "The Chart" blog website. Contributors include Drs. Sanjay Gupta (Chief Medical Correspondent), Charles Raison (Mental Health Expert), Otis Brawley (Conditions Expert), Melina Jampolis (Diet and Fitness Expert), Jennifer Shu (Living Well Expert), and Elizabeth Cohen (Senior Medical Correspondent).

Other digital offerings

In early 2008, CNN began maintaining a live streaming broadcast available to cable and satellite subscribers who receive CNN at home (a precursor to the TV Everywhere services that would become popularized by cable and satellite providers beginning with Time Warner's incorporation of the medium). CNN International is broadcast live, as part of the RealNetworks SuperPass subscription service outside the U.S. CNN also offers several RSS feeds and podcasts.

CNN also has multiple channels in the popular video-sharing site YouTube, but those videos can only be viewed in the United States, a source of criticism among YouTube users worldwide. In 2014, CNN launched a radio version of their television programming on TuneIn Radio. The network also hosts CNN-10, a daily 10-minute video show visible at the CNN website or YouTube. It replaced the long-running show CNN Student News which had been aired since 1989. It is aimed at a global audience of students, teachers, and adults, and was hosted by Carl Azuz. In fall of 2022, Carl Azuz was replaced by Coy Wire as the host of CNN 10, after leaving CNN due to a "personal decision" according to a CNN spokesperson in a newsletter published on September 18, 2022.

On March 7, 2017, CNN announced the official launch of its virtual reality unit named CNNVR. It will produce 360 videos to its Android and iOS apps within CNN Digital. It is planning to cover major news events with the online, and digital news team in New York City, Atlanta, London, Hong Kong, San Francisco, Dubai, Johannesburg, Tokyo, and Beijing.

CNN Newsource is a subscription-based affiliation video service that provides CNN content to television station affiliates with CNN, including terrestrial stations and international stations. Newsource allows affiliates to download video from CNN, as well as from other affiliates who upload their video to Newsource.

CNN also maintains a wire service known as CNN Wire.

CNN's digital storefront, which sells branded merchandise, household goods, and software, is operated by StackCommerce via partnership.

In 2021, CNN Digital had an average of 144 million unique visitors in the United States according to Comscore, making it the most viewed digital news outlet, ahead of The New York Times, NBC News, Fox News, The Washington Post.

Beme

On November 28, 2016, CNN announced the acquisition of Beme for a reported $25 million. On November 29, 2016, Matt Hackett, co-founder of Beme, announced via an email to its users that the Beme app would be shutting down on January 31, 2017. Since the shutdown of the app, it was announced that CNN intended to use the current talent behind Beme to work on a separate start-up endeavor. Beme's current team will retain full creative control of the new project, which was slated to release in summer 2017. Beme have also brought on other internet stars such as the host of Vsauce 3, Jake Roper, as head of production, who features prominently in Beme co-founder Casey Neistat's vlogs. Beme News has since begun uploading news related video on YouTube.

Films

In October 2012, CNN formed a film division called CNN Films to distribute and produce made-for-TV and feature documentaries. Its first acquisition was a documentary entitled Girl Rising, a documentary narrated by Meryl Streep that focused on the struggles of girls' education.

Radio
In July 2014, Cumulus Media announced that it would end its partnership with ABC News Radio, and enter into a new partnership with CNN to syndicate national and international news content for its stations through Westwood One beginning in 2015, including access to a wire service, and digital content for its station websites. This service is unbranded, allowing individual stations to integrate the content with their own news brands.

As of February 2019, the audio simulcast of CNN is distributed on Entercom's Radio.com website and app.

Specialized channels

Over the years, CNN has launched spin-off networks in the United States and other countries. Channels that currently operate  include:
 CNN Brazil – a Brazilian news channel that launched on March 15, 2020. (licensed to Novus Media)
 CNN Chile – a Chilean news channel that launched on December 4, 2008.
 CNN en Español
 CNN International
 CNN Türk – a Turkish media outlet
 CNN-News18 – an Indian news channel. (licensed to Network 18)
 CNN Indonesia – an Indonesian news channel that launched on August 17, 2015. (licensed to Trans Media)
 CNNj – a Japanese news outlet
 CNN/US HD – launched for American viewers in late 2010, and is distributed by Japan Cable Television (JCTV) to several different multi-channel TV providers, such as J:COM, SKY PerfecTV!, iTSCOM and the JCTVWiFi service.
 CNN Philippines – a Filipino news channel launched on March 16, 2015 (licensed to Nine Media Corporation and Radio Philippines Network (RPN))
 CNN Prima News – a Czech news channel. (that launched on May 3, 2020, licensed to Prima Group)
 A2 CNN – an Albanian news channel
 Antena 3 CNN – a Romanian news channel. (licensed to Intact Media Group)
 HLN – a U.S. basic cable channel (formerly called CNN2 and CNN Headline News)
 CNN Portugal – a Portuguese news channel launched on November 22, 2021. (licensed to Media Capital)

Former channels
CNN has also launched television and online ventures that are no longer in operation, including:
 CNN Airport
 CNN Checkout Channel (out-of-home place-based custom channel for grocery stores that started in 1991 and shuttered in 1993)
 CNN-D (a German news programming block that used to air through CNN International's TV signal in Germany between 1997 and 2003.)
 CNN Italia (an Italian news website launched in partnership with the publishing company Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso, and after with the financial newspaper Il Sole 24 Ore, it launched on November 15, 1999 and closed on September 12, 2003)
 CNN Pipeline (24-hour multi-channel broadband online news service, replaced with CNN.com Live)
 CNN Sports Illustrated (also known as CNNSI; U.S. sports news channel, closed in 2002)
 CNN+ (a partner channel in Spain, launched in 1999 joint venture with Sogecable).
 CNN.com Live
 CNNfn (financial channel, closed in December 2004)
 CNN Money Switzerland (Switzerland financial channel, joint venture with MediaGo)

Experiments
CNN launched two specialty news channels for the American market which would later close amid competitive pressure: the sports news channel CNNSI shut down in 2002, while business news channel CNNfn shut down after nine years on the air in December 2004. CNN had a partnership with Sports Illustrated through the sports website CNNSI.com, but sold the domain name in May 2015. CNNfn's former website used to redirect to money.cnn.com, a product of CNN's strategic partnership with Money magazine. Money and Sports Illustrated were both Time Warner properties until 2014, when the company's magazine division was spun off into the separate Time Inc.

CNN also launched "Great Big Story" in November 2015 to produce content tailored toward younger viewers.  It was eventually shut down in September 2020 after building a following of nearly 6 million followers on both Facebook and YouTube.

In May 2023, CNN launched CNN Fast, a free ad supported television channel which ran a 24/7 fast-paced news bulletin featuring short form international stories and news events. The channel is currently available on Samsung TV Plus, Rakuten TV, LG Channels and Pluto TV.

Bureaus

CNN operates bureaus in the following cities :

United States

 Atlanta, Georgia (World Headquarters)
 New York City, New York (parent Warner Bros. Discovery World Headquarters)
 Charlotte, North Carolina
 Chicago, Illinois
 Dallas, Texas
 Denver, Colorado
 Houston, Texas
 Los Angeles, California
 Miami, Florida
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 San Francisco, California
 Washington, D.C.

Worldwide

 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
 Beijing, China
 Beirut, Lebanon
 Berlin, Germany
 Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Cairo, Egypt
 Caracas, Venezuela
 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 Havana, Cuba
 Hong Kong, China
 Islamabad, Pakistan
 Istanbul, Turkey
 Jerusalem, Israel
 Johannesburg, South Africa
 Lagos, Nigeria
 London, United Kingdom
 Mexico City, Mexico
 Moscow, Russia
 Nairobi, Kenya
 New Delhi, India
 Paris, France
 Rome, Italy
 Seoul, South Korea
 Taipei, Taiwan
 Tokyo, Japan

In parts of the world without a CNN bureau, reports from local affiliate stations will be used to file a story.

Controversies and criticisms

CNN has been involved in various controversies, criticisms and allegations since its inception in 1980. The channel is known for its dramatic live coverage of breaking news, some of which has drawn criticism as overly sensationalistic.

CNN claims to be "The Most Trusted Name in News", but its efforts to be nonpartisan have led to accusations of false balance. A study by three university professors published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS USA), which measured airtime of guests on major news networks between 2010 and 2021 according to the guests' campaign donations, found CNN to have a liberal bias (a "campaign finance score" of −9.7, where 0 is equal airtime, compared to −14.1 for MSNBC and 49.8 for Fox News), which became more pronounced during the Trump administration. The same study found that some popular primetime news shows on CNN, such as Anderson Cooper 360 or CNN Tonight, are more left-leaning than popular MSNBC shows such as The Rachel Maddow Show or The 11th Hour with Brian Williams.

In January 2020, CNN settled a multi-million dollar defamation lawsuit from Nick Sandmann, a Covington Catholic High School student involved in an encounter with Omaha tribe elder Nathan Phillips at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

When Chris Licht took over the network in 2022, he expressed an intention to have more Republicans on the air and cut down on opinion-related content.

After being fired in December 2021, former host Chris Cuomo was reported to be seeking $125 million in damages, alleging a "breach" of agreement. In April 2023, host Don Lemon announced that he had been fired.

Awards and honors

1998: CNN received the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Speech.

2017: CNN received the Prince Rainier III Special Prize at the Monte Carlo TV Festival for the documentary, Midway: A Plastic Island about sea pollution.

2018: CNN received the Overseas Press Club of America David Kaplan Award for best TV or video spot news reporting from abroad for reporting on the fall of ISIS by Nick Paton Walsh and Arwa Damon.

2018: CNN received the George Polk Award of Long Island University for Foreign Television Reporting for uncovering a hidden modern-day slave auction of African refugees in Libya. Reporting done by Nima Elbagir and Raja Razek.

2018: CNN's Nima Elbagir received the Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation.

2018: CNN won a network-record six News and Documentary Emmy Awards of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, for Outstanding Breaking News Coverage, Outstanding Continuing Coverage of a News Story in a Newscast, Outstanding Live Interview, Outstanding Hard News Feature Story in a Newscast, Outstanding News Special, Outstanding Science, Medical and Environmental Report.

2019: The USC Annenberg School awarded CNN with a Walter Cronkite Award for its Parkland Town Hall event.

2020: CNN's Ed Lavandera was awarded a Peabody Award for "The Hidden Workforce: Undocumented in America", and CNN Films was awarded a Peabody for the documentary "Apollo 11".

2021: CNN won a George Polk Award of Long Island University for Foreign Reporting for their reporting on the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, and later reporting under quarantine in Beijing.

2021: CNN and Clarissa Ward were named finalists for the DuPont-Columbia Award of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism for their "Russia's Secret Influence Campaigns" investigation.

See also

 Broadcasting
 FOX News
 Journalistic objectivity
 List of CNN personnel
 Mass media
 Media bias in the United States
 News media
 News media in the United States
 Radio Maria
 Television studio

References

External links

1980 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Television channels and stations established in 1980
Television networks in the United States
English-language television stations in the United States
24-hour television news channels in the United States
Sirius XM Radio channels
Warner Bros. Discovery networks
Companies based in Atlanta
Podcasting companies
Peabody Award winners
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Webby Award winners

CNN


Caladenia georgei, commonly known as the tuart spider orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single, hairy leaf and up to three whitish to yellowish-green flowers flushed with red and which have a white labellum with a red tip.

Description
Caladenia georgei is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf,  long and  wide. Up to three flowers  long and  wide are borne on a stalk  high. The flowers are whitish to yellowish-green, flushed with red while the lateral sepals have narrow, club-like, glandular tips. The lateral sepals and petals spread widely and curve downwards. The dorsal sepal is erect,  long and about  wide at the base, the lateral sepals are  long and  wide and the petals are  long and  wide. The labellum is  long and  wide and white with a red tip. The sides of the labellum have spreading, red-tipped teeth up to  long and the tip of the labellum is curved downwards. There are four rows of red calli up to  long, along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs in September and October.

Taxonomy and naming
Caladenia georgei was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown from a specimen collected near Bunbury and the description was published in Nuytsia. The specific epithet (georgei) honours Alex George.

Distribution and habitat
Tuart spider orchid occurs between Yanchep and Busselton in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions where it grows in deep sandy soil in woodland, especially tuart woodland.

Conservation
Caladenia georgei  is classified as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife.

References

georgei
Orchids of Western Australia
Endemic orchids of Australia
Plants described in 2001
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Taxa named by Stephen Hopper
Taxa named by Andrew Phillip Brown

Caladenia georgei


The National Youth League of Sweden ( ; SNU) was the first youth organisation of the General Electoral Union of Sweden. It was dislodged from its mother party in 1934 due to its pro-Nazi stance. It was then reconstructed as a separate political party, the National League of Sweden. After the Second World War, the political fortunes of the group dwindled.

As the right-wing youth league

SNU was founded on October 16, 1915, at Hotell Kronprinsen in Stockholm. The organisation, though never formally recognized, became the youth referent of the General Electoral Union.

During the late 1920s SNU became politically radicalized. The radicalization was accentuated by the election of Elmo Lindholm as the SNU chairman. In 1931 the organization had 35,460 members, and was steadily growing. Eventually SNU organised a militant kamporganisation (struggle organisation, modelled after the German SA) which were supposed to combat political enemies in the streets. The kamporganisation had grey shirts, blue ties and blue armbands. The League supported the German Nazis after Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933.

Arvid Lindman, the leader of the party, clearly stated that Nazis were not accepted within his party.

Another issue of contention was whether there should have been any age limit for SNU membership. The General Electoral Union pushed for 35 years as an upper limit for SNU members, as well as a formal understanding that the role of SNU was to recruit young people for the General Electoral Union. SNU however refuted the idea of an age limit, as the organization wished to exert more political influence of its own.

Due to this, Arvid Lindman declared that the National Youth League no longer was considered the youth organisation of the Swedish right in 1934. While a new right-wing youth league emerged - what later became the Moderate Youth League - the National Youth League eventually re-organised as a political party named the National Youth League and League of Sweden (Sveriges Nationella Ungdomsförbundet och Förbund, SNUoF).

As a political party
In the General Electoral Union-SNU split, three conservative MPs sided with SNUoF. These were Alf Meyerhöffer, Gösta Jacobsson and John Gustafsson. These three parliamentarians formed their own independent faction within parliament, dubbed Nationella Gruppen (the "National Faction"). None of them would see re-election in 1936 (see below).

In 1934, the small pro-German National Labour League (Nationella Arbetsförbundet) merged into SNUoF.

The group contested the 1935 municipal elections, gaining 70 seats throughout the country. The same year the name was changed to National League of Sweden (Sveriges Nationella Förbund). Antisemitism became a more prominent feature of the party. At this time its membership was around 40,000.

The party contested the 1936 general elections. With a mere 31,015 votes, the SNL did not win any seat in the parliament. The following year, on October 10, 1937, the National League New Sweden of Per Engdahl merged into SNF. Engdahl was allotted the position of vice-chairman of SNF.

At its national conference in 1938 SNF officially adopted a party programme, describing themselves as Corporative, New Swedish, Radical, Nationalist and Socialist. In the same year the Swedish Front of Bengt-Olov Ljungberg was attached to the party. Under Ljungberg's direction, the youth wing National Youth was built up in 1939.

In 1941, Engdahl broke away from SNF. Along with him left many prominent party members, like Ljungberg, and a major section of the youth wing. Engdahl and his followers formed Swedish Opposition. The same year SNF began to receive financial support from the Nazi Germany to publish the newspaper Dagsposten from Stockholm.

Electoral results

Riksdag

Disintegration in the Post-war era
After the war, SNF was severely isolated. In the 1946 municipal election it could only win 3 municipal seats in Helsingborg, but the same year the entire Helsingborg unit merged into the Right-wing Party. The main activity of SNF was the publishing of Dagsposten, which in 1952 got substituted with Fria Ord. When Christian Democratic Rally (KDS) emerged as a new political party in the 1960s, SNF tried to infiltrate it.

In 1980, SNF and the New Swedish Movement of Engdahl merged. The unity did not last, and in 1982 the two organizations parted ways. SNF has suffered from internal disputes and splits, and at least three separate SNFs have been in existence. One of the current existing groups claiming the name is attached to the NSDAP/AO of Gary Lauck.

References

External links
 Listing of SNF Christmas and New Year greetings

1915 establishments in Sweden
Minor political parties in Sweden
Moderate Party
Nationalist parties in Sweden
Nazism in Sweden
Neo-Nazism in Sweden
Youth organizations established in 1915
Youth wings of political parties in Sweden

National League of Sweden


Father Jerome D'Souza, SJ (6 August 1897, Mangalore, South Canara, British India – 12 August 1977, Madras, India) was an Indian Jesuit priest, educationist, writer and member of the Indian Constituent assembly (1946–50).

Early years and formation
Born in the Moolki town of Mangalore in the erstwhile South Canara district of British India, to a Catholic family cultivating intellectual interest, Jerome was soon at home in several local languages.  He did his secondary schooling at St. Aloysius College (Mangalore) and college studies in St. Joseph's College (Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India). Completing finally the English Literature course at the University of Madras (Chennai) he first taught a year at St Joseph's College, Trichy, before deciding to enter the Society of Jesus (29 May 1921).  He then went through the usual Jesuit training, doing his theological studies with the French Jesuits in Belgium at the end of which he was ordained priest on 30 August 1931 (Enghien, Belgium). He hailed from the Mangalorean Catholic community.

Educationist in Tamil Nadu
Back in India in 1933, he was appointed professor in his alma mater, the St Joseph's College of Trichy of which he became within a few years, rector and president. An able administrator, Jerome was also a convincing orator.  He soon attracted the attention of Sir C. Rajagopalachari (known as Rajaji), the then president of the Indian National Congress.  Transferred in 1942 to the Loyola College of Chennai (formerly Madras), to be its rector and later its Principal, D'Souza soon became involved in the legal establishment of the University of Madras (Chennai). When the time came to form an assembly that would draw a constitution for the country—the independence of India was near—D'Souza's name was proposed by Rajagopalachari to the Madras legislative assembly. He was elected to represent them at the constituent assembly of Delhi.

Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly
At the assembly (1946 to 1950), along with the Protestant leader H.C. Mukherjee, D'Souza ensured the rights of the minorities (especially of worship and education) were fully protected by the proposed text and the right to practice and propagate one's religion were included in the constitution as fundamental rights of all citizens of India.

Statesman and diplomat
In Delhi he soon gained the trust and admiration of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India who often consulted him in educational matters and used his oratorical skill. At the instance of Nehru he was also involved in delicate diplomatic negotiations:
 He negotiated with the Vatican the termination of the Portuguese Padroado system that was giving to Portugal an undue say in the appointment of bishops in India.
 He was involved in the negotiations with the French government leading ultimately to a peaceful transfer of the French colonial settlements (Chandannagar, Pondicherry, etc.) to the new Independent India.
 On four occasions D'Souza was member of the Indian delegation to the UNO's yearly general session.
 His command of French, Spanish, Italian and German languages, besides English opened him many doors and he was often invited to give talks and lectures on Indian culture, history and politics, in various parts of the world.

Indian Social Institute
At the request of the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, D'Souza founded in Pune (India) the Indian Social Institute (now in New-Delhi, 10, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road New Delhi), and started publishing a journal Social Action that has nowadays a large circulation in social and academic circles. That was in 1951.  He became its first Director (1951–1956). Later, in 1957, D'Souza was made the Assistant and adviser of the Superior General of the Jesuits (Jean-Baptiste Janssens) for Indian and Asian affairs. He returned to India in 1968 and spent his last years writing articles and books, giving lectures and courses.   Jerome D'Souza was one of the best known Jesuits of his times. Still many gratefully visit his tomb at Christ the King Church, in Loyola College, Chennai campus.

Recognition

In 1997, the Indian government issued a stamp to commemorate his birth centenary.

Writings
 Sardar Panikkar and the Christian Missions, Tiruchi, 1957.
 The Church and Civilization, Garden City, 1967
 Speeches and Writings, Madras, 1972.

References

Bibliography
SUNDARAM, V.L.: A great Indian Jesuit, Anand, 1986.

External links

Jerome D'Souza's role in Constituent Assembly

1897 births
1977 deaths
20th-century Indian Jesuits
Konkani people
Mangaloreans
Christian clergy from Mangalore
Members of the Constituent Assembly of India

Jerome D'Souza


Mako Yoshikawa (born 1966) is an American novelist.  She is the author of two novels, One Hundred and One Ways (1999), a national bestseller that was also translated into six languages,  and Once Removed (2003).

Her recent work includes personal essays that have won awards and appeared in important literary journals and anthologies including: The Missouri Review, Southern Indiana Review, Harvard Review, and Best American Essays 2013.  Eds. Cheryl Strayed and Robert Atwan.

Yoshikawa grew up in Princeton, New Jersey but spent two years of her childhood in Tokyo, Japan.  She received a BA in English literature from Columbia University, a Masters in Shakespeare and Renaissance Drama at Lincoln College, Oxford, and a Ph.D. in English literature from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She is the recipient of the Vera M. Schuyler Fellowship at The Bunting Institute of Harvard University.

She has also published scholarly essays on race and incest in American literature.

She lives in the Boston area and is a professor of creative writing at Emerson College.

References

External links
 Official Site

 The Bunting Institute

1966 births
Living people
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Emerson College faculty
University of Michigan alumni
American women novelists
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American essayists
21st-century American essayists
Novelists from Massachusetts
American women essayists
American women academics

Mako Yoshikawa


Dadi Pudumjee  is a leading puppeteer in India and he is the founder of The Ishara Puppet Theatre Trust. He was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1992.

He is the President of UNIMA and past member of the General Council of the Sangeet Natak Akademi.

Biography

Education
Pudumjee is a Parsi from Pune, where he did his university education was in Pune later at the NID National Institute of Design and Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in Ahmedabad under late Meher Contractor, after which he went to the Marionette Theatre Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, and studied puppetry under Michael Meschke.

Career
Drama and puppetry pedagogue at Var theatre Medborgahuset Stockholm Sweden, 1979
He was later a guest director at the Puppen Theatre, Berlin, GDR, Jan 1979. He directed and designed a shadow play the double shadow, on a folk tale by Vijaydan Detha.

In 1980, he founded the Sutradhar Puppet Theatre at the puppetry division at the Shri Ram Centre for Performing Arts in New Delhi and was its artistic director until 1986, after which he set up his own puppet company, The Ishara Puppet Theatre Trust.

Pudumjee's puppetry is not restricted to the more common versions of string and hand-puppets. He has also used semi-sculptural puppets that are attached to actors' bodies and carried across stage.

Ishara Puppet Theatre Trust includes a variety of other media and performers: dancers, actors, objects. Many of his performances are designed to appeal to children, but he has also, especially in his work that addresses themes such as HIV/AIDS and substance use, taken up more adult themes. He ranges freely across multiple cultural traditions. Some of his performances are adaptations of material familiar in traditional Indian theatre, like the story of Ram and Sita or his 2004 work based on the adventures of Vikram and Betaal (Vampire Tales), titled Transpositions.
He has traveled widely to perform as well as teach in many countries including the U.K., Russia, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, Brazil, U.S.A, Sweden, Singapore, South Africa, Spain. Pudumjee and his troupe performed a version of the Vikram-Betaal myth at New York's La MaMa Theater.

Over the years, he has worked extensively with children, especially street children, including his 2007 project with street children of Salaam Baalak Trust, for UNESCO Paris and the EU on projects on non-formal education that address HIV and substance use.
April 2008 he was elected the president of UNIMA for a four-year term - UNIMAs first non-European president in the organisation's 80-year history. He was reelected as UNMA President till 2016.
Ishara Puppet Theatre Trust organises the annual Ishara International puppet festival each year in January/February in Delhi, with shows in Chennai, Jaipur and Mumbai in the previous festivals. 2010 will be the 8th season of this popular festival, with both traditional and modern puppet groups from India and abroad taking part.
Ishara is known as one of India's leading modern puppet companies, Ishara creates puppet events, conducts workshops, and performances on social awareness themes. Styles range from simple rod puppets to larger than life figures and object puppetry, processional figures, shadow, glove and mixed media.

Ishara conducts workshops for various organisations, schools and NGOs in Delhi and India.
2014 Ishara created puppets for the opera A Flowering Tree directed by Vishal Bhardwaj, at the Theatre du Chatelet Paris, and also puppets for the song sequence Bismil in the film Haider by Vishal Bhardwaj.

The annual Ishara International puppet festival, organised each year in February in Delhi and other cities is in its 16th year in 2018.

Awards
Awarded Padmashree by the President of India 2011
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, 1992
Sanskriti Pratishan Award
Delhi Natya Sangh Award

References

External links
 Ishara Puppet Theatre Trust Official Website
  Dadi Pudumjee's in Puppet India

Artists from Ahmedabad
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Indian puppeteers
UNIMA presidents
Living people
National Institute of Design alumni
Gujarati people
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
20th-century Indian male artists
21st-century Indian male artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Parsi people

Dadi Pudumjee


Jesse Adam Al-Zaid (born March 21, 1984; name changed from Jesse Adam Macbeth in 1986) is an American anti-war protester, author, and military imposter, who was convicted of falsely claiming to be an Army Ranger and veteran of the Iraq War. In alternative media interviews, Macbeth fabricated claims that he and his unit routinely committed war crimes in Iraq. Transcripts of the video were made in English and Arabic. According to the U.S. Army, there is no record of Macbeth being a Ranger.

On September 21, 2007 Macbeth admitted in federal court that he had faked his war record. U.S. Attorney Jeffrey Sullivan declared that Macbeth had been in the Army for just 44 days and had been dismissed as unfit.

Allegations and other claims
Macbeth alleged  Iraq war atrocities in interviews posted to the Internet as web pages and video. He was featured in the 2006 PepperSpray Productions video, posted at Peacefilms.org, Jessie Macbeth: Former Army Ranger and Iraq War Veteran. A link to the video was posted May 21, 2006 on the community blog Metafilter.

Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW) has since required documentation of service in order to protect its members from frauds such as Macbeth. PepperSpray removed the video from its site on May 23, 2006 after U.S. Army spokesman John Boyce said Macbeth had never been a U.S. Army Ranger. PepperSpray Productions later issued a statement of retraction, noting "when we learned that Macbeth's service records were fraudulent, we immediately pulled the video and are no longer distributing it." Transcripts of the video were made in English and Arabic.

Various problems were reported. Macbeth's uniform as worn in the video was inconsistent with Army regulations or inconsistent with his purported identity. U.S. Army spokesman Boyce said "There are... numerous wear and appearance issues with the soldier's uniform – a mix of foreign uniforms with the sleeves rolled up like a Marine and a badly floppy tan beret worn like a pastry chef", and he wore his beret with the insignia over the wrong eye.

Eastern Arizona Courier article
On November 3, 2003, Pam Crandall, a reporter for the Eastern Arizona Courier, interviewed Macbeth. In the interview he reportedly made false claims that he had returned from Iraq two and a half months prior – roughly in late August 2003, after sustaining a back injury. The article quoted Macbeth falsely stating he had been shot in the back by an M16 rifle while in an Iraqi tunnel, but that a Canadian nurse stitched him up and he continued fighting. Canada was not a participant in the Multinational force in Iraq at the time of the article's publication.

The article states that Macbeth falsely claims to have attended a hearing that month, about a medical discharge from the Army, alleging he had undergone surgeries to remove shrapnel from his back. Macbeth falsely claimed in the article that "The Iraqis would stand in a crowd and shoot at us. We had to kill civilians to get to them because we were ordered to shoot anything that came at us. I keep having nightmares about it." The EA Courier later ran a story detailing Macbeth's fraudulent claims.

Army service and afterwards
The first known media report of Macbeth representing himself as an Iraq war veteran was the Eastern Arizona Courier article. An April 6, 2004 Arizona Indymedia article places him at the center of a dispute at a coffee shop near a campus of Arizona State University. Macbeth alleged that he was asked to leave the shop because he was wearing his uniform. The dispute eventually became a protest, covered in articles and editorials by the Arizona State University student newspaper, The State Press.

An April 23, 2004 guest editorial attributed to Macbeth also appeared in The State Press about the protest and dispute, claiming he had already spent 16 months in Iraq. The war had only begun 13 months earlier at that point. The writer asserted he was about to be redeployed. On September 28, 2004, Macbeth was convicted of fraudulent use of a credit card in Graham County (Arizona) Superior Court. Court records pertaining to the case also indicate parole activity through May 2006.

Macbeth joined Iraq Veterans Against the War in January 2006, and represented, or was scheduled to represent them on several occasions. The group publicly severed ties with Macbeth on May 27, 2006, stating "... Jesse is not what he represented himself to be."

May 23, 2006, Pierce County, Washington Superior Court issued a bench warrant for Jesse Adam Macbeth. Underlying charges of violating a protective court order and fourth degree assault.

In custody
Macbeth had a warrant issued against him, pursuant to which he was apprehended and booked on November 16, 2006.
The Pierce County Legal Information Network Exchange lists 2 counts of felony domestic violence court order violation (held on $20,000 cash or bail bonds), 2 counts of assault in the fourth degree ($5,000 cash-only bail, as well as being committed to custody) and 2 counts "other concurrent assault in the fourth degree charges", and interfering with the reporting of domestic violence (committed to custody).

Charge and guilty plea
On May 18, 2007, a criminal complaint was unsealed in the United States District Court in Seattle, Washington, charging Macbeth with one count of using or possessing a forged or altered military discharge certificate and one count of making false statements in seeking benefits from the Veterans Administration. The complaint alleged that Macbeth had posed as an Iraq war veteran and illicitly collected more than $10,400 in benefits.

On June 7, 2007, Macbeth pleaded guilty to one count of making false statements to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. He was sentenced on September 21, 2007 to 5 months in jail and three years' probation.

References

External links
Mirrored edition of the original video Wizbang
Ranger School Class Photos, benning.army.mil; accessed March 15, 2015.
"Coffee Plantation: what's the story", Arizona Indymedia
The War the Media is Not Reporting — An Iraqi Veteran Speaks Out, archive of original interview at SocialistAlternative.org; accessed March 15, 2015.

1984 births
American anti-war activists
American Muslims
Impostors
Living people
People convicted of making false statements
Place of birth missing (living people)

Jesse Macbeth


Matthew Hall (born April 24, 1990) is a former American football tackle. He played college football for Belhaven University.

Professional career

Hall signed with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent on May 10, 2014. Hall was released on July 25 and signed with the Colts on July 27.  He was waived with a triceps tear on August 30, and reverted to their injured reserve after going unclaimed.  Hall was waived by the Colts on May 4, 2015.

On August 10, 2015 Hall was claimed off of waivers by the Denver Broncos, but elected to retire rather than report to the team.

Personal life
Hall is now in the Arkansas Law Enforcement Training Academy in the class of 2020-C and is the Squad Leader of the B Squad.

References

External links
 Indianapolis Colts bio
 Belhaven Blazers bio

1990 births
Living people
Belhaven Blazers football players
American football offensive tackles
Minnesota Vikings players
Indianapolis Colts players
People from Yell County, Arkansas

Matt Hall (American football)


Gerónimo Emiliano Berroa (born March 18, 1965) is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder. He played for nine Major League Baseball (MLB) teams from 1989 to 2000, and also played one season in the KBO League in 2002.

Signed by the Toronto Blue Jays as an amateur free agent in 1983, he worked his way through the minor leagues. After the 1988 season, he was picked up by the Atlanta Braves in the rule 5 draft. He made his major league debut on April 5, 1989. He spent 1989 and a small amount of 1990 with the Braves, and spend most of 1990 and 1991 with the Richmond Braves and Colorado Springs Sky Sox, respectively. He returned to the majors in 1992 with the Cincinnati Reds, and the following year was an inaugural member of the 1993 Florida Marlins expansion team.

After the season, he signed as a free agent with the Oakland Athletics, and had his best years with that team. Berroa's best season was 1996 when he hit 36 home runs with 106 RBIs for the Athletics. He spent the next three seasons with the Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Blue Jays, and Los Angeles Dodgers.

In 11 major league seasons, he hit 101 home runs, had 692 hits, and 510 strikeouts. He played for the Korea Baseball Organization's Lotte Giants in 2002 and the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Mexican League in 2003 before retiring.

Berroa played with the Dominican club Leones del Escogido, winning the 1988, 1990 and 1991 Caribbean Series, winning the MVP award in 1990 and 1991, and being inducted into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame in 2016.

On December 20, 2007, Berroa was accused by former major league pitcher Jason Grimsley of using anabolic steroids in a federal agent's affidavit.

References

External links

Career statistics and player information from the KBO League

1965 births
Living people
Atlanta Braves players
Baltimore Orioles players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Edmonton Trappers players
Florence Blue Jays players
Florida Marlins players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
KBO League infielders
Kinston Blue Jays players
Knoxville Blue Jays players
Leones del Escogido players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Lotte Giants players
Major League Baseball designated hitters
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball right fielders
Medicine Hat Blue Jays players
Mexican League baseball left fielders
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Nashville Sounds players
Oakland Athletics players
Ottawa Lynx players
Baseball players from Santo Domingo
Piratas de Campeche players
Richmond Braves players
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Syracuse SkyChiefs players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Tigres del Licey players
Ventura County Gulls players

Gerónimo Berroa


Off White Lies () is a 2011 Israeli film directed by Maya Kenig in her feature film debut.  It premiered at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival and received seven nominations for Israel's Ophir Awards, including Best Film, Best Director and Best Screenplay.  Gur Bentwich won a Best Actor award at the Jerusalem Film Festival.

Plot

After years of living in the U.S. with her mother, 13-year-old Libby (Elya Inbar) is sent to Israel to live with her estranged father, Shaul (Gur Bentwich), a hapless inventor who is currently "in-between apartments" (i.e. homeless).  Libby's arrival coincides with the outbreak of the 2006 Lebanon War and, in order to provide a home for her, Shaul pretends that they are refugees from Northern Israel so that a wealthy Jerusalem family, who want to extend a helping hand to their fellow citizens, can take them in.  Finally in a "normal" household, Shaul and Libby begin to build their father-daughter relationship, but their false identities can't last forever, especially as Libby unleashes teenage fury at the lies permeating her life, those she must tell now, and those she's been fed since childhood.

Cast
 Elya Inbar as Libby
 Gur Bentwich as Shaul
 Tzahi Grad as Gideon
 Arad Yeini as Yuval
 Salit Achi-Miriam as Helit

References

External links
 Official website

2010s Hebrew-language films
Israeli drama films
2011 films
2011 drama films

Off White Lies


Eric Moore (born 29 April 1948 in Coleraine, Victoria) is a former Australian rules football player who played in the VFL between 1966 and 1972 for the Richmond Football Club and for South Melbourne in 1972 and 1973.

After several years of being unable to claim a regular place in Richmond's team, Moore was tried at full-forward in 1969 and achieved his career highlight by scoring 2 goals and playing a key role in Richmond's grand final victory by 25 points over Carlton.

After retiring from VFL football at the end of the 1973 season, Moore played in the VFA between 1974 and 1976 with both Oakleigh and Caulfield.  Chronic hamstring injuries forced his retirement at the end of the 1976 season at 28 years of age.

In 1982 Moore was appointed coach of VFA club Box Hill.  Box Hill had won only 18 games in the 9 seasons from 1973 to 1981, but Moore immediately lifted Box Hill to 5th place (10 wins) in 1982 and again to 5th place (11½ wins) in 1983 before Box Hill claimed its first ever VFA premiership in 1984 (its 34th season in the VFA), overwhelming Moore's former club Oakleigh in the grand final 32.23(215) to 11.14(80).  Moore's final season coaching Box Hill was in 1985, the club's first season in the VFA first division since 1960.  Moore played intermittently for Box Hill in 1982 and 1983 for a total of 12 games and 41 goals for that club.

In 2000 Moore was named as coach of Box Hill's official "Greatest Ever Team".

References
 1971 Tiger Year Book – Richmond Football Club
 "Box Hill Football Club Souvenir History", Box Hill Football Club, Melbourne, 2000
Fiddian, Marc: Devils at Play. A History of the Oakleigh Football Club, Pakenham Gazette, Pakenham 1982

External links

1948 births
Living people
Richmond Football Club players
Richmond Football Club premiership players
Sydney Swans players
Box Hill Football Club players
Box Hill Football Club coaches
Caulfield Football Club players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Coleraine Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
People from Coleraine, Victoria
VFL/AFL premiership players

Eric Moore (footballer, born 1948)


Paulino Bernabe II (born 9 June 1960), is a Spanish luthier.

Life
Paulino Bernabé learned the art of making classical guitars from his father, Paulino Bernabe Senior, a famous Spanish luthier. Since the early 1980s until shortly before the death of his father in 2007 the master worked together with Bernabe Senior and took over the workshop. Guitars made by Paulino Bernabé II are played by internationally known guitarists, such as John Williams and Johanna Beisteiner. In 2011 he founded the association Spanish Guitar Foundation in order to protect the heritage of the Spanish guitar-making style and promote young artists. The Foundation also has a fine collection of 19th and 20th century guitars.

References

External links
Official website of Paulino Bernabe II
Spanish Guitar Foundation

Spanish luthiers
Guitar makers
Classical guitar makers
1960 births
Living people

Paulino Bernabe II


Willard is a hamlet primarily in the Town of Romulus, Seneca County, New York, United States on the Ovid town line. It is located two miles (3 km) west of the Village of Ovid, at an elevation of 600 feet (183 m). The primary intersection in the hamlet is at N.Y. Route 96A and Main Street (CR 132).

The community overlooks Seneca Lake. Government offices for the Town of Romulus are located in the hamlet.

Willard is the location of the historic Willard Asylum for the Chronic Insane, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

A United States Post Office is located in Willard, with a ZIP Code of 14588.

References

Hamlets in Seneca County, New York
Hamlets in New York (state)

Willard, New York


Turn Left, Turn Right is a Taiwanese picture book by writer Jimmy Liao.

Introduction
The lead female character is living in an old apartment building on the edge of the city. Every time she goes out, no matter where she goes, she always goes left first. The lead male character is living in an old apartment building on outskirts of the city. Every time he goes out, no matter where he goes, he always goes right first. He never meets her. But the city is like a maze, it lets people see the same scene, go the same route.

History
She was used to turning left and he was used to turning right, but they never had a meeting with each other in the pictured fiction story, "Turn Left, Turn Right." It was the first long fiction story written by Jimmy Liao, talking about the feelings between a man and a woman. The fiction story gives a detailed account of a very interesting relation in living between the leading man and the leading woman in chapter one. There are many bright ideas in this pictured fiction story including the lines and color, with much attention to detail, and good order changes. This book is not only one of his best fiction stories but also one of the greatest works of art. Jimmy Liao said that this fiction story's idea began when one day he was too troubled to draw by the loud noises of workers from next door. He could not help but think specially pleasing thoughts on that day. All of a sudden, he got money from someone he never knew who was living nearby. He started imagining what would come about to this leading man and woman character if they never knew they were neighbors, but slept right next to each other only separated by only one thin wall.

Honors
 In 1999, Eslite bookstore year of Recommended books.
 In 1999, Jinshitana (book store name) year of Most influential books.

Movie version
This book became a movie in 2003. Warner Brothers Studios produced it. Gigi Leung and Takeshi Kaneshiro starred in it. The scenes are mainly in Taipei. For example: Beitou Hot Springs, Ximen-cho hiking area, Taipei MRT Station Warner Village、Taiwan Railway Sungai Station, Minsheng shequ fu jin street, and Taipei City Yangming Hospital.

TV version
 Became a TV series by the same name in 2004.

References

Children's picture books

Turn Left, Turn Right


N.Y. State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres, 552 U.S. 196 (2008), was a case decided by the United States Supreme Court that involved a constitutional challenge brought against New York State's judicial election law, alleging that it unfairly prevented candidates from obtaining access to the ballot. The Supreme Court rejected this challenge and held that the state's election laws did not infringe upon candidates' First Amendment associational rights. Several concurring justices emphasized, however, that their decision reflected only the constitutionality of the state's election system, and not its wisdom or merit.

Background: New York state judicial election process
In New York, political party judicial candidates for the Supreme Courts (the state's general jurisdiction trial court) are elected through a three-part scheme that involves a primary election, a nominating convention, and a general election. Independent candidates need only meet general signature requirements to obtain a place on the general ballot.

During the primary election, judicial delegates (not candidates) are elected by the parties' rank and file members for each assembly district. The chosen delegates are sent to the judicial convention for the judicial district in which the assembly district is located. (The state is split into twelve judicial districts, each having up to several dozen assembly districts.) The judicial delegates vote for their parties' judicial nominees, whose names are listed on the general ballot.

A person seeking a political party judicial nomination, accordingly, must assemble a delegate (or group of delegates, who run together) for each assembly district in their judicial district. They must collect separate signatures in each assembly district to get supporting delegate(s) onto the primary ballot and, because delegate nominees cannot disclose which candidate they are affiliated with, they must also mount separate voter education campaigns in each assembly district to explain to the voters which delegates are representing which candidate. After being elected, the delegates can theoretically choose any judicial candidate they wish, but the short timeframe between the primary election and the convention (about two weeks), and the overriding influence of the party establishment, mean that delegates typically do not exercise independent judgment in choosing which candidates to support. The process is too onerous for candidates without significant financial resources or the support of their political party's apparatus, reducing opportunity for independent candidates.

Facts and procedural posture
Margarita Lopez Torres received the Democratic Party nomination and was elected to the civil court for Kings County in 1992, becoming the first Latina to be elected to the court. She allegedly fell out of favor with local party leaders shortly thereafter for refusing to make patronage hires. She claimed that party leaders later refused to support her candidacy for the Supreme Court in 1997, 2002, and 2003. Lopez Torres, along with similarly situated candidates, their supporters, and the public interest group Common Cause, brought suit in federal court against the state Board of Elections, claiming that the nomination system deprived voters and their candidates of their rights to gain access to the ballot and to associate in their parties' primaries.

The District Court for the Eastern District of New York and the Second Circuit held in favor of Lopez Torres, finding that the voters and candidates possessed a First Amendment right to a
'realistic opportunity to participate in [a political party's] nominating process, and to do so free from burdens that are both severe and unnecessary.' New York's electoral law violated that right because of the quantity of signatures and delegate recruits required to obtain a Supreme Court nomination at a judicial convention ..., and because of the apparent reality that party leaders can control delegates. ...

Supreme Court's decision
A nearly unanimous court in Lopez Torres overruled the Second Circuit and upheld the constitutionality of New York's judicial election system. The Court explained that although a political party has a First Amendment associational right to choose its candidates, that right is circumscribed when the party is given a role in the state's election process. Parties that are formally involved in the election process, for example, may be required to comply with a primary process and may be prohibited from maintaining racially discriminatory policies (which could become impermissible state action).

But, the Court explained, the political parties' associational rights were not at issue in the case; rather, the "weapon wielded by these plaintiffs is their own claimed associational right not only to join, but to have a certain degree of influence in, the party." In refusing to acknowledge the existence of such a right, the Court explained that nothing in the law prohibited the candidates from attending the convention and lobbying the delegates, and nothing in the law compelled the delegates to vote for their parties' preferred candidates. As the Court explained,
Our cases invalidating ballot-access requirements have focused on the requirements themselves, and not on the manner in which political actors function under those requirements. ... None of our cases establishes an individual's constitutional right to have a 'fair shot' at winning the party's nomination.

The Court also rejected the plaintiffs' contention that the existence of entrenched "one-party rule" rendered the general election uncompetitive. As the Court noted, candidates could obtain a place on the ballot, without party affiliation, via New York's general petition-signature requirements.

Concurring opinions
Justice Stevens, joined by Justice Souter, wrote a concurring opinion to emphasize that the court's decision dealt with the constitutionality of New York's judicial election system, and not its wisdom. He quoted Justice Thurgood Marshall, saying "The Constitution does not prohibit legislatures from enacting stupid laws."

Justice Kennedy's concurring opinion emphasized that the political party nomination was not the sole method of securing a place on the ballot. As he explained, a person seeking a Supreme Court judgeship could alternatively meet general petition-signature requirements, these being the lesser of either (1) five percent of the number of votes last cast for governor in the judicial district or (2) either 3,500 or 4,000 signatures (depending on the district). Were this route to the ballot not available, he suggested that the constitutionality of New York's election laws would be in greater doubt. In the second part of his opinion, which was joined by Justice Breyer, Justice Kennedy discussed the important role that elections can play in the selection of judges, but warned that they might also foster abuse and manipulation. He stated:
If New York statutes for nominating and electing judges do not produce both the perception and the reality of a system committed to the highest ideals of the law, they ought to be changed and to be changed now. But, as the Court today holds, ... the present suit does not permit us to invoke the Constitution in order to intervene.

See also
 Elections in New York

References

External links

United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
United States Free Speech Clause case law
Campaign finance in the United States
United States elections case law
New York state elections
2008 in United States case law

New York State Board of Elections v. Lopez Torres


George W. Dunn (November 27, 1840 – November 27, 1914) was an American politician from New York.

Life
Dunn was born in Chenango, New York on November 27, 1840. He was the son of John Dunn and Isabella Black. He attended Susquehanna Seminary and a business college, and was about to begin business life when the American Civil War broke out.

In May 1861, Dunn enlisted in the 27th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was mustered in as sergeant of Company C. He was captured by the Confederacy in the First Battle of Bull Run. He was paroled in May 1862. In August, he reenlisted in the 109th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment and was mustered in as captain of Company D. He was wounded in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in May 1864. After the battle, he was promoted to major. In the Battle of the Crater, with Colonel Catlin and Major Stillson injured, Dunn took command of the Regiment. For his service, he was promoted to colonel, and for the rest of his life he was popularly known as Colonel Dunn. He was honorably discharged in May 1865.

After the War, he engaged in business in Elmira. Within a year, he left to join a mining expedition in Honduras. In the fall of 1866, when the tropical climate became bad for his health, he left. In 1868, he was appointed superintendent of public documents published by Congress in Washington D.C., a position he held until 1875.

In 1875, Dunn moved to Binghamton and was elected Sheriff of Broome County. When his term expired, he was involved in the consolidation of the local daily newspapers, the Binghamton Republican and Binghamton Times, and was chosen as the new paper's treasurer and business manager. From 1881 to 1886 he served as the city's postmaster. Afterwards, he worked in real estate and manufacturing. At different points he was president of the Binghamton General Electric Company, vice-president of the Bundy Manufacturing Company, director of the Susquehanna Valley Bank, trustee of the Chenango Valley Savings Bank, director and vice-president of the Strong State Bank, director of the Binghamton, Lestershire, and Union Railroad Company, and director of the Binghamton Wagon Company. He also served as manager of the Equitable Accident Association, president of the board of trustees of the Binghamton State Hospital, and member of the city excise and police commission.

In 1889, he was again appointed postmaster of Binghamton. He served as Clerk of the New York State Assembly in 1894. He was appointed to the New York State Board of Railroad Commissioners in 1897, and in 1900 was appointed trustee for the New York State Soldiers and Sailors' Home in Bath.

Dunn served in the New York Republican State Committee since 1886. In 1900, he was elected chairman of the committee. He held the position until 1904. He was a delegate to the 1904 and 1908 Republican National Conventions.

Dunn was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. In 1870, he married Sarah M. Thomas of Chenango. They had one daughter, Mabel E.

Dunn died at home on November 27, 1914, on his 74th birthday. He was buried in the family mausoleum in Floral Park Cemetery.

References

External links

 The Political Graveyard

Clerks of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) Republicans
1840 births
1914 deaths
New York (state) sheriffs
New York (state) postmasters
Burials in New York (state)
20th-century American politicians
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
19th-century American newspaper people
American bankers
19th-century American politicians
People from Elmira, New York
Union Army colonels
People from Binghamton, New York
Businesspeople from New York (state)
19th-century American businesspeople
American business executives
People from Chenango County, New York

George W. Dunn


Carlos Flores Truan Sr. (June 9, 1935 – April 10, 2012), was an American businessman from Corpus Christi, Texas, who served for thirty-four years as a Democrat in both houses of the Texas Legislature. He was a state representative from 1969 to 1977 and a senator from 1977 until his retirement in 2003.

Background

A native of Kleberg County, Truan worked various low-paying jobs as a youth to help support his single mother, Santos Flores Truan, and his siblings. In 1959, he graduated with a degree in business administration from Texas A&M University–Kingsville, then known as Texas A&I University in Kingsville, Texas. He was active in the Hispanic civil rights groups, the League of United Latin American Citizens and the American GI Forum. He was also a member the Kiwanis International.

In 1963, Truan married the former Elvira Munguia (born 1936), and the couple had four children, Carlos Truan Jr., Veronica Palmer, Rene Truan, and Maria Luisa Truan. He was a member of Most Precious Blood Catholic Church in Corpus Christi and the Roman Catholic men's organization, the Knights of Columbus.

Legislative highlights

In 1968, Truan was first elected to the state House from District 48, which encompassed both Nueces and Kleberg counties. Truan served four two-year terms until he moved up to the Senate in 1977. In 1985, he was elected by his colleagues as the Senate President Pro Tem, the first Hispanic in Texas given this designation. In 1986, he served as "Governor for a Day". In 1995, he became the first Hispanic to be named Dean of the Texas Senate, the member with the greatest seniority. He would remain dean until he left the chamber in January 2003.

In 1969, Truan successfully sponsored the Texas Bilingual Education Act, which allowed for the first time some instruction in the Spanish language to non-English-speaking pupils. As a result of this legislation, he was called "the father of bilingual education".

Representative Truan sponsored the Texas Public Housing Authority Act of 1969, and the Interstate Placement of Children Act in 1975. He uncovered institutional child-care abuses in Texas and was the author of the Texas Child Care Licensing Act of 1975. As chairman of the Human Resources Committee, Truan pushed for the Texas Adult Education Act of 1973, which established the General Education Diploma.

Truan pushed successfully for legislation to regulate the flow of fresh water into South Texas bays and estuaries. He worked to protect redfish and brown shrimp. He targeted the problem of radioactive waste contaminating drinking water in South Texas. He sponsored the Texas Open Beaches Act and was instrumental in the establishment of the Coastal Bend Bays Foundation. He worked to include Corpus Christi Bay in the National Estuary Program.

In 1971, Representative Truan was among the "Dirty Thirty" legislators who sought ethics reforms in light of the Sharpstown banking scandal, which decimated the ranks of state legislators in the 1972 elections and caused the defeat of Speaker Gus Franklin Mutscher of Washington County.

In 1979, Senator Truan was among the twelve Democrats in the upper chamber known as the "Killer Bees" who went into hiding, mostly at an apartment in Austin, to prevent a quorum from legally acting on a bill that would have severed the presidential primary from the regular Texas state primary election. Had the legislation passed, Texas Democratic voters could, for instance, have crossed over into the Republican presidential primary and voted for former Governor John B. Connally Jr., of Texas or former Governor Ronald W. Reagan of California, the eventual nominee.

In 1981, Truan conducted a one-man filibuster and spoke nonstop for twenty hours to kill a bill related to the shrimping industry, important to the economy of his district. He wore a device by which he could relieve himself while engaging in the filibuster.

In 1993, Truan was chairman of the legislative conference committee that allocated more than $200 million for new construction and renovation at several universities in South Texas. He also sponsored the legislation that established a birth defects registry.

In 1999, Truan wrote the law which established the Texas A&M Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi, which conducts research and educates medical professionals. In 2001, he helped to secure the Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy at his alma mater, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, named for the late former legislator Irma Rangel.

Despite his long-term accomplishments, the magazine Texas Monthly in June 2001 added Truan to its annual list of "Top 10 Worst Legislators". Senior editor Paul Burka attributed the low rating to Truan's best work having been not in 2001 and his failure to work well with colleagues. Truan had long been known for browbeating members who tried to block his agenda. In 1998, however, Truan had been named among the 100 most influential Hispanics in the United States by the publication, Hispanic Business Magazine.

Death and legacy

After he left the Senate, Truan engaged in his insurance business in Corpus Christi. In 1959, he had begun his career with New York Life Insurance Company and was a member of the Million Dollar Round Table. He died in Corpus Christi in the spring of 2012 at the age of seventy-six. He is interred at Texas State Cemetery in Austin.

In December 2003, the Carlos Truan Natural Resources Building at Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, a facility for which he had obtained funding a decade earlier, was named in his honor. Carlos Truan Junior High School in the Edcouch-Elsa independent school District in Hidalgo County, Texas, is also named for him.

The Democrat Hugo Berlanga, who succeeded Truan in the Texas House and served there from 1977 until his resignation in 1998, recalled his mentor, accordingly: "He was as tough as they came, but he had a soft heart. He never forgot where his roots were. ... Once he became your advocate, he was your champion. Once he decided something was the right thing to do, there was no backing off. I learned a lot from him."

References

1935 births
2012 deaths
Democratic Party members of the Texas House of Representatives
Democratic Party Texas state senators
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Texas
People from Kleberg County, Texas
Politicians from Corpus Christi, Texas
Businesspeople from Texas
Activists for Hispanic and Latino American civil rights
Texas A&M University–Kingsville alumni
Burials at Texas State Cemetery
Activists from Texas
Catholics from Texas
20th-century American businesspeople

Carlos F. Truan