Emerson Hough (June 28, 1857 – April 30, 1923) was an American writer best known for writing western stories and historical novels. His early works included Singing Mouse Stories and Story of the Cowboy. He was well known for his 1902 historical novel The Mississippi Bubble. Many of his works have been adapted into films and serial films.

Career
Hough was born in Newton, Iowa on June 28, 1857. He was in Newton High School's first graduating class of three in 1875. He graduated from the University of Iowa with a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1880 and later studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1882. His first article, "Far From The Madding Crowd," was published in Forest and Stream in 1882.

He moved to White Oaks, New Mexico, practiced law there, and wrote for the White Oaks newspaper Golden Era for a year and a half, returning to Iowa when his mother was ill. He later wrote Story of the Outlaw, A Study of the Western Desperado, which included profiles of Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett. Hough moved to New Mexico after Garrett shot Billy the Kid, and he became a friend of Garrett. He wrote for various newspapers in Des Moines, Iowa, Sandusky, Ohio,
Chicago, Illinois, St. Louis, Missouri, and Wichita, Kansas. In 1889 he got a position as western editor of Forest and Stream, editing the "Chicago and the West" column. He was hired by George Bird Grinnell, the owner of Field and Stream, who founded the Audubon Society in 1886 which, along with Theodore Roosevelt's Boone and Crockett Club, was a leader in the conservation movement.

Hough was also a conservationist. One of his projects for Forest and Stream was to survey Yellowstone National Park in midwinter 1893, with a guide and 2 soldiers from the nearby fort of the same name. There were supposed to be more than 500 buffalo there, but their count barely reached 100. Due to Hough's report, eastern newspapers took up the cause against poaching, and in May 1894 the U.S. Congress passed a law making poaching of game in national parks a punishable offense. Later, he and other Saturday Evening Post writers wrote a letter for Stephen Mather and George Horace Latimer to sign, advocating the creation of a national park system. The National Park Service was created in 1916. In addition, he was a co-founder of the Izaak Walton League, an organization of outdoorsmen, in 1922.  He wrote the "Out-of-Doors" column for the Saturday Evening Post and these columns later appeared in book form.

In 1902, Hough began his association with Bobbs-Merrill Company (then Bowen-Merrill), which published his first best-seller, The Mississippi Bubble. Hough began a trilogy on America when he published 54-40 or Fight in 1909, dedicated to Theodore Roosevelt. He dedicated the second volume, Purchase Price, to U.S. Senator Albert Beveridge of Indiana in 1910 and the third, John Rawn, to Woodrow Wilson in 1912. He nevertheless campaigned for Theodore Roosevelt, candidate of the Bull Moose Party, in the 1912 presidential election.

Reviewers noted the political nature of Hough's Western fiction. One reviewer wrote that John Rawn was "not a novel at all; it is an arraignment; it is propaganda" for progressive Republicans or the Democrats. It condemned protective tariffs and presented consistently negative portrait of money-driven characters. The review was positive, praising the novelist's portrait of his main character, but little else. Hough "makes his point, and hammers it hard. He leaves nothing for the reader to guess....He goes at it all with bludgeon and battle-ax....He has, as a fighter, a strong style. His book is well worth reading. But it is not art." Hough responded at length and with good humor, citing widely divergent views of the novel. He explained that a story of "blackguards and traitors" should not lead anyone to the conclusion that he believes such characters typify American society, rather that "imitation of blackguards and traitors is not a fit ambition for Americans."

He took a public position during the election of 1916, adding his name to a letter sent on behalf of the Roosevelt Authors' League pledging support to Theodore Roosevelt because "the international crisis makes your re-election to the Presidency essential to the ultimate welfare of our country." It praised "the splendid fight you are making for Americanism" and had harsh words for the administration of Woodrow Wilson.

His other notable works included Story of the Cowboy, "which received a high recommendation from President Theodore Roosevelt," Way of the West, Singing Mouse Stories, and The Passing of the Frontier. Among his historical novels, The Magnificent Adventure in 1916 was set at the time of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition and told, said one reviewer, "a good stirring tale."

In 1889 Hough wrote Madre D'Oro, a four-act spectacular drama about the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs. With L. Frank Baum, author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, he created two play treatments: The Maid of Athens: A College Phantasy and The King of Gee-Whiz. Neither was ever completed or staged.

He also wrote autobiographical works, such as "Getting a Wrong Start", published anonymously as a serial in the Saturday Evening Post in 1913. It appeared in book form two years later. He then wrote "Emerson Hough Himself-by Himself" for the Post in 1917.

Hough wrote the official account of the activities of the American Protective League (APL), a voluntary organization that attempted to enforce patriotism and stifle dissent during World War I. Called The Web: A Revelation of Patriotism, it told the history of that controversial organization in glowing terms and called for a program of "selective immigration, deportation of un-Americans, and denaturalization of 'disloyal' citizens and anarchists." It said: "We must purify the source of America's population and keep it pure." When the APL organized teams of vigilantes to enforce the military draft, Hough described the places the organization was most needed: "We find that the great states of each coast are practically foreignNew York most of all." During the war he wrote a pamphlet for a similar organization, the American Defense Society, called The Indefinite American Attitude Toward the War and When Shall It End.

Personal life
He married Charlotte Chesebro of Chicago in 1897 and made that city his home. During World War I, he served as a captain with the Intelligence Service. He died in Evanston, Illinois, on April 30, 1923, a week after seeing the Chicago premiere of the movie The Covered Wagon, based on his 1922 book. Covered Wagon was his biggest best-selling novel since Mississippi Bubble in 1902. North of 36, another Hough novel, later became a popular silent film as well, "making him one of the first Western authors to enter into the motion picture industry." He is buried in Galesburg, Illinois.

Asked in 1918 to provide some details of his own life, he replied in the context of World War I: "This is no time for autobiography of men of letters. This is the day of biography for men who have been privileged to act in the great scenes of today. It is the time for boys of 23. At least we can bless them and back them the best we know. I will not tell about myself. It is of no consequence." Hough died in Evanston on April 30, 1923.

Later recognition
Hough's hometown, Newton, Iowa, has honored him in several ways. A school named for him opened in 1926. Emerson Hough Elementary School was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. His boyhood home bears a marker provided by the Daughters of the American Revolution. The school grounds include a playground with a western theme called Fort Emerson Hough. The local chapter of the Izaak Walton League also bears his name, as does a street, Emerson Hough Avenue, in Lambs Grove, Iowa, a suburb of Newton.

In March 2010, the school board voted to close Emerson Hough Elementary School. Efforts to prevent its closure included a fund raising and a Facebook page. Although the building was closed to students, it was still in use serving as the school's administration complex, the alternative high school Basics and Beyond, the AEA and the Newton preschool program.  Before the start of the 2016 - 2017 school year, board members reconfigured the district's buildings to allow for four K-4 elementary schools and a 5-8 middle school. The move included reopening Emerson Hough Elementary School as a school.

Works

Singing Mouse Stories, 1895
Story of the Cowboy, 1897
Girl at the Halfway House, 1900
The Mississippi Bubble, 1902
Way to the West, 1903
Law of the Land, 1904
Heart's Desire, 1905
King of Gee-Whiz, 1906
Story of the Outlaw, 1906
The Way of a Man, 1907
54-40 or Fight, 1909
The Sowing, 1909
Young Alaskans, 1910
The Purchase Price, 1910
John Rawn, 1912
Lady and the Pirate, 1913
Out of Doors, 1913
Young Alaskans in the Rockies, 1913
Young Alaskans on the Trail, 1914
Getting a Wrong Start (Autobiography), 1915
The Man Next Door, 1916
Magnificent Adventure, 1916
Let Us Go Afield, 1916
The Broken Gate, 1917
The Way Out, 1918
Passing of the Frontier, 1918
Young Alaskans in the Far North, 1918
The Web, 1919
The Sagebrusher, 1919
Maw's Vacation 1921
An Appreciation of Yellowstone National Park, 1922[?]
The Covered Wagon, 1922
Young Alaskans on the Missouri, 1922
North of 36, 1923
Mother of Gold, 1924
The Ship of Souls, 1925

Filmography
The Broken Coin, directed by Francis Ford (1915, serial, based on a story by Emerson Hough)
, directed by Francis Ford (1915, based on a story by Emerson Hough)
The Sagebrusher, directed by Edward Sloman (1920, based on the novel The Sagebrusher)
The Broken Gate, directed by Paul Scardon (1920, based on the novel The Broken Gate)
The Covered Wagon, directed by James Cruze (1923, based on the novel The Covered Wagon)
The Man Next Door, directed by Victor Schertzinger (1923, based on the novel The Man Next Door)
The Way of a Man, directed by George B. Seitz (1924, serial, based on a story by Emerson Hough)
North of 36, directed by Irvin Willat (1924, based on the novel North of 36)
The Ship of Souls, directed by Charles Miller (1925, based on the novel The Ship of Souls)
One Hour of Love, directed by Robert Florey (1927, based on a story by Emerson Hough)
The Broken Gate, directed by James C. McKay (1927, based on the novel The Broken Gate)
The Conquering Horde, directed by Edward Sloman (1931, based on the novel North of 36)
The Texans, directed by James P. Hogan (1938, based on the novel North of 36)

Notes

Sources
 Delbert Wylder, Emerson Hough (1981)

External links

 Papers of Emerson Hough held at the University of Wyoming
 Papers of Emerson Hough held at the University of Iowa
 Johnson, Carole M., 'Emerson Hough's American West' , Books at Iowa 21 (November 1974)

Online editions

1857 births
1923 deaths
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
Novelists from Iowa
People from Lincoln County, New Mexico
People from Newton, Iowa
Pulp fiction writers
University of Iowa alumni
Western (genre) writers
New Mexico Progressives (1912)

Emerson Hough


The Philip II Statue, officially The Founder of Heraclea Statue (name change to avoid conflict with Greece over history), is a large statue of the king Philip of Macedonia in the centre of the Macedonian city of Bitola, in Magnolia Square. Philip II was the founder of the ancient Macedonian city of Heraclea which was the forerunner of the present-day City of Bitola. The monument is 8.5 metres (27.9 feet) tall with Philip II perched on a horse. It is the work of sculptor Angel Korunovski. In the immediate vicinity of the memorial is a fountain which teams in the evening with synchronized music and light effects.
The whole complex of the monument and fountain covers an area of the 600 square meter town square of Magnolia.

Fountain
The fountain is made to look like a shield with the Vergina Sun, around the fountain has a more equal shields and spears. All around is surrounded by powerful speakers and at a certain time in the evening it' s giving the musical atmosphere that is part of the performance of the fountain. The shield of the fountain rises and turns while flushes water very high with interesting various lighting effects associated programming effects produced by numerous spotlights that are located around the fountain and inside the fountain.

References

External links
 http://sitel.com.mk/dnevnik/makedonija/utrovo-vo-bitola-postaven-spomenikot-na-filip-vtori
 http://www.time.mk/cluster/811a961313/filip-vtori-postaven-na-plostadot-vo-bitola.html
 http://www.netpress.com.mk/mk/vest.asp?id=88081&kategorija=1

Buildings and structures in Bitola
Monuments and memorials in North Macedonia
Philip II of Macedon
Tourist attractions in Bitola

Philip II Statue


Mère Cécile Bruyère (12 October 1845 – 18 March 1909) was the first abbess of St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes (Abbaye Sainte-Cécile de Solesmes) and a follower of Dom Prosper Guéranger in the revival of Benedictine spirituality in 19th century France.

Life

She was born as Jeanne-Henriette Bruyère (and went by Jenny), the granddaughter of the architect and engineer Louis Bruyère and the architect Jacques-Marie Huvé. Her family lived at Sablé-sur-Sarthe.

She was sent to Dom Prosper Guéranger, founder of Solesmes Abbey and the reviver of the French Benedictine tradition, to be prepared for her first communion, and became his spiritual daughter. In 1866, with Dom Guéranger's  support, she founded the first women's house within his French Benedictine Congregation (now the Solesmes Congregation). The new nunnery was dedicated to Saint Cecilia (Sainte Cécile) because of Dom Guéranger's devotion to her. Jenny Bruyère herself as a child had always desired to be called by that name, after her maternal grandmother. She took the name Cécile as her confirmation name in 1858, and kept the same name in religious life.

Although St. Cecilia's was still only a priory, Cécile Bruyère was named abbess of the new foundation at the age of 24 by Pope Pius IX on 20 June 1870. This may have been a gesture of thanks towards Dom Guéranger for his great support to the Pope at the First Vatican Council in favour of the recently proclaimed dogma of Papal infallibility.

Mother Cécile, with the support of Dom Guéranger, wrote the nunnery's constitutions, which were influential beyond her own nunnery. Of especial note are the re-establishment of the office of abbess with its symbols (the ring, the pectoral cross and the crozier), and of the long-forgotten rite of the consecration of virgins.

Her nuns, in accordance with the thought of Dom Guéranger and the Congregation he established, learned Latin and Gregorian chant, which was altogether exceptional at that time. This remains the practice of the abbey and of the Solesmes Congregation.

The French anti-religious laws of the early 20th century forced the whole community into exile in England, to the forerunner of the present St. Cecilia's Abbey, Ryde, on the Isle of Wight, where on 18 March 1909 Mother Cécile died. When the community was at last able to return to Solesmes, in 1921, her body was also transported and re-buried there.

Works

Mother Cécile's spiritual thought and teaching, entirely inherited from Dom Guéranger but presented with the benefit of many years' experience in Benedictine life and meditation, is well summarised in her book La vie spirituelle et l'oraison, d'après la Sainte Ecriture et la tradition monastique, reprinted many times and translated into several languages. In this she explains the primary importance of the liturgy in the religious life in developing the specific grace arising from the sacrament of baptism. In 2019, an English translation of this work is available from an American publisher, Wipf & Stock.

Notes

Sources
La vie spirituelle et l'oraison,
 Solesmes Abbey website: foundation of St. Cecilia's Abbey

1845 births
1909 deaths
Benedictine nuns
French religious writers
French Roman Catholic abbesses
20th-century French nuns

Cécile Bruyère


Police Academy: Mission to Moscow is a 1994 American action comedy film starring George Gaynes, Michael Winslow, David Graf, and Claire Forlani (in her feature film debut). It is the seventh and final installment in the Police Academy franchise to date, and sequel to Police Academy 6: City Under Siege. The film was directed by Alan Metter and written by Randolph Davis and Michele S. Chodos. George Gaynes, Michael Winslow and David Graf were the only three cast members to appear in all seven films.

Plot
Russian mafia boss Konstantine Konali (Ron Perlman) is laundering money under the guise of a legitimate business. A highly addictive video game that allows him to bring down almost any security system controlled by a computer on which the game has been played, with a string of major robberies as the result.

Desperate to apprehend Konali, Russian Commandant Alexandrei Nikolaivich Rakov (Christopher Lee) sends for help from America. Rakov decides to bring in someone he met at a police convention, Commandant Eric Lassard (George Gaynes).

Lassard briefs his team about the mission in Russia, then they head to Moscow. Along with Lassard in Moscow are Sergeant Larvell Jones (Michael Winslow), Sergeant Eugene Tackleberry (David Graf), Captain Debbie Callahan (Leslie Easterbrook), Cadet Kyle Connors (Charlie Schlatter), and Captain Thaddeus Harris (G. W. Bailey).

As they plan to capture Konali, he has devised a new scheme: to create an even more addictive version of the game, which can bring down any computer security system in the world, including the systems that protect the databases which belong to world powers.

Cast

Officers on the Mission to Moscow
 Michael Winslow as Sergeant Larvell Jones
 David Graf as Sergeant Eugene Tackleberry
 Leslie Easterbrook as Captain Debbie Callahan
 George Gaynes as Commandant Eric Lassard
 G. W. Bailey as Captain Thaddeus Harris
 Charlie Schlatter as Cadet Kyle Connors

The Russians
 Christopher Lee as Commandant Aleksandr Nikolaevich Rakov
 Ron Perlman as Konstantin Konali
 Claire Forlani as Katrina Sergeeva
 Gregg Berger as Lieutenant Yuri Talinsky
 Alexander Skorokhod as President of Russia Boris Yeltsin
 Vladimir Dolinsky as Bellboy
 Maria Vinogradova as Old Woman With A Bag In Gorky Park
 Nikolai Pastukhov as Head of The Family
 Allyn Ann McLerie as Irina Petrovskaya
 Lonnie Burr as Gay Moscovite

Others
 Richard Israel as Adam Sharp
 Pamela Guest as Lindsay
 Stuart Nisbet as Ed
 David St. James as News Director

Production
The shooting of the film took place in Russia in the fall of 1993. According to the behind-the-scenes featurette Underneath the Mission, included on the DVD release, this was one of the first American-produced comedy films to be allowed to film in post-Soviet Russia itself, with scenes filmed involving the Bolshoi Ballet, and on Red Square. Production was temporarily halted due to the October 1993 constitutional crisis and the damaged White House, Moscow is clearly visible in one scene. Despite the conflict, production was allowed to resume with one of the first scenes after the conflict being filmed at Moscow's airport. According to an interview with Michael Winslow, in the Underneath the Mission featurette, the scene where he performs bike tricks involved him wearing a wireless microphone in order to pick up his comedic sound effects. Unknown to the production crew, the frequency used by the microphone was the same as that used by the military, resulting in officials descending upon the film crew (though the incident ended on friendly terms, says Paul Maslansky).

Reception

Box office
Mission to Moscow was barely released to theaters. Unlike all the other Police Academy films, Warner Bros. only released the picture in a token, limited run, grossing a scant $126,247 in the U.S., making it the least successful movie in the series.

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 0% based on reviews from 7 critics. On Metacritic the film has a score of 11% based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike". According to film historian Leonard Maltin, "If the United States and Soviet Union were still at odds, this film would make a great weapon...it could bore people to death."

References

External links

 7
1994 films
1990s police comedy films
1994 action comedy films
American sequel films
Films set in Moscow
Films shot in Moscow
Warner Bros. films
Films scored by Robert Folk
Films directed by Alan Metter
Cultural depictions of Boris Yeltsin
1994 comedy films
Films produced by Paul Maslansky
Films about the Russian Mafia
Films about video games
1990s English-language films
1990s American films

Police Academy: Mission to Moscow


Tony Flavin was a Gaelic footballer who played with Kerry and London during the 1960s and 1970s.

He captained the London team that beat Leitrim in the Connacht Championship in 1977, which until 2011 was London's only championship win. In 1971 he won his All Ireland Junior medal when London beat Dublin 1-09 to 0-09. He played minor and under 21 with Kerry and help his team to under 21 and Junior Munster titles.

He won six London Championships with The Kingdom between 1973 and 1978, plus five senior league titles and five All Britain Club Championships. Tony also won two All Ireland 7-a-Sides in 1975 -76.

References

1940 births
Living people
Ballydonoghue Gaelic footballers
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
London inter-county Gaelic footballers

Tony Flavin


Upper Takutu-Upper Esequibo (Region 9) is a region of Esequiban Guyana, a territory in dispute by Guyana and Venezuela. Venezuela claims the territory as part of Bolívar state. The regional capital is Lethem.

The region is in the southwest of the country. It has an area of 57,750 km². As of the 2012 census, 24,212 people lived there. It borders the region of Potaro-Siparuni to the north, the region of East Berbice-Corentyne to the east and Brazil to the south and west. It is also the largest region of Guyana.

Regions of Guyana

Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo


The Bridges of Madison County is a 1995 American romantic drama based on the 1992 bestselling novel of the same name by Robert James Waller. It was produced and directed by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the film alongside Meryl Streep. The screenplay was adapted by Richard LaGravenese. Kathleen Kennedy was co-producer.  It was produced by Amblin Entertainment and Malpaso Productions, and distributed by Warner Bros. Entertainment.

The Bridges of Madison County is set in 1965, featuring Italian war bride, Francesca Johnson (Meryl Streep), who lives with her husband and two children on their Iowa farm. That year she meets National Geographic photojournalist, Robert Kincaid (Clint Eastwood), who comes to Madison County, Iowa to photograph its historic covered bridges. With Francesca's family away for a short trip, the couple have an intense, four-day love affair. The film released on 2 June, 1995 and earned $182 million worldwide It received widespread critical acclaim upon release, with particular praise directed towards Streep's performance, earning her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress at the 68th Academy Awards.

Plot
In the present, adult siblings Michael and Carolyn Johnson arrive at the Iowa farmhouse of their recently deceased mother, Francesca, to settle her estate. They are shocked upon learning that Francesca requested to be cremated and her ashes scattered from Roseman Covered Bridge, rather than be buried next to her late husband, Richard.

Michael initially refuses, but while he and Carolyn look through the safe deposit box, they discover an envelope containing photographs, letters, and a key. The photos are of Francesca taken at the Holliwell Covered Bridge and the letters are from a man named Robert Kincaid. The key is to Francesca's locked hope chest. In it are three hardbound notebooks. There are also several National Geographic magazines, including one featuring Madison County's covered wooden bridges, old cameras, a book, and other mementos. The magazine includes a photo of Kincaid, who photographed the bridges; he is wearing Francesca's crucifix pendant.

As Michael and Carolyn begin reading Francesca's notebooks, the film flashes back to 1965. Francesca, a WWII Italian war bride, stays home while her husband and teenaged son and daughter attend the state fair for the next four days. Robert Kincaid, a National Geographic photojournalist on assignment to photograph the county's historic bridges, arrives at the Johnson farm, asking for directions to Roseman Bridge. Francesca rides along to show him the way. Their subsequent affair occurs over four days.

Francesca details the intense affair and its lasting influence on both her and Robert, hoping Michael and Carolyn will understand and honor her final request. Francesca and Robert fell deeply in love and nearly ran away together. Francesca, confined to a passionless marriage, was unable to abandon her teenage children and loyal husband. Though she loved Robert, she questioned whether their spontaneous relationship could survive over time. Robert, moved by their brief encounter, found renewed meaning in his life and true calling as an artist. Francesca's memories helped sustain her through the remaining years on the farm.

After her husband's death, Francesca attempted to contact Robert, but he had left National Geographic and his whereabouts were unknown. She later learned that Robert died about three years after her husband, and he left his belongings to her. His ashes were scattered from Roseman Bridge.

In the present, Michael and Carolyn, struggling with their own marriages, are deeply moved by their mother's story. They find new direction to their individual lives and carry out their mother's wishes to scatter her ashes at Roseman Bridge.

Cast
 Clint Eastwood as Robert Kincaid
 Meryl Streep as Francesca Johnson
 Annie Corley as Carolyn Johnson
 Sarah Kathryn Schmitt as young Carolyn
 Victor Slezak as Michael Johnson
 Christopher Kroon as young Michael
 Jim Haynie as Richard Johnson
 Phyllis Lyons as Betty
 Debra Monk as Madge
 Richard Lage as Lawyer Peterson
 Michelle Benes as Lucy Redfield

Production

Development

Amblin Entertainment, a production company founded by Steven Spielberg, bought the film rights to Waller's novel for $25,000 in late 1991, before its publication—by the time of the film's release, the novel sold 9.5 million copies worldwide. Spielberg first asked Sydney Pollack to direct, who got Kurt Luedtke to draft the first version of the adaptation but then bowed out; Ronald Bass was brought in by Kathleen Kennedy and Spielberg to work on the script, but they were unsatisfied with the results. But a third draft by Richard LaGravenese was liked by Eastwood, who quite early had been cast for the male lead, and by Spielberg, who liked LaGravenese's version enough to consider making Bridges his next film after Schindler's List, which was in post-production at the time.  Both men liked that LaGravenese's script presented the story from Francesca's point of view; Spielberg then had LaGravenese introduce the framing device of having Francesca's adult children discover and read her diaries. When Spielberg decided not to direct, he then brought in Bruce Beresford, who got Alfred Uhry to draft another version of the script; when Warner Bros., Spielberg, and Eastwood all preferred LaGravenese's draft, Beresford dropped out.

Catherine Deneuve and Isabella Rossellini did screen tests to play Francesca. But despite Spielberg's initial reluctance, Eastwood had advocated Meryl Streep for the role from the beginning.

Filming

Principal photography took 42 days, ending on November 1, 1994, ten days ahead of Eastwood's 52-day schedule; Eastwood filmed it chronologically from Francesca's point of view, "because it was important to work that way. We were two people getting to know each other, in real time, as actors and as the characters." It was filmed on location in Madison County, Iowa, including the town of Winterset, and in the Dallas County town of Adel.

Post-production
The MPAA ratings board initially gave the film an "R" rating, for the line "Or should we just fuck on the linoleum one last time?", a line of dialogue spoken sarcastically by Francesca; Eastwood appealed, and the rating was reduced to a PG-13.

Release

Box office
The Bridges of Madison County opened theatrically on June 2, 1995, in 1,805 venues. It grossed $10,519,257 in its opening weekend, ranking number two at the US box office, behind Casper (which was in its second weekend and coincidentally features Eastwood in a cameo). It was number one at the Japanese box office for nine consecutive weeks, grossing over $35 million. At the end of its run, the film grossed $71,516,617 in the United States and Canada and $110,500,000 overseas for a worldwide total of $182,016,617.

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 90% based on 60 reviews, with an average rating of 7.40/10. The site's consensus states: "Sentimental, slow, schmaltzy, and very satisfying, The Bridges of Madison County finds Clint Eastwood adapting a bestseller with heft, wit, and grace." On Metacritic, the film has a 69 out of 100 rating, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A−" on scale of A+ to F.

According to Janet Maslin, "Clint Eastwood, director and alchemist, has transformed The Bridges of Madison County into something bearable—no, something even better. Limited by the vapidity of this material while he trims its excesses with the requisite machete, Mr. Eastwood locates a moving, elegiac love story at the heart of Mr. Waller's self-congratulatory overkill. The film has leanness and surprising decency, and Meryl Streep has her best role in years. Looking sturdy and voluptuous in her plain housedress (the year is 1965), Ms. Streep rises straight out of Christina's World to embody all the loneliness and fierce yearning Andrew Wyeth captured on canvas. And yet, despite the Iowa setting and the emphasis on down-home Americana, Mr. Eastwood's Bridges of Madison County has a European flavor. Its pace is unhurried, which is not the same as slow. It respects long silences and pays attention to small details. It sustains an austere tone and staves off weepiness until the last reel. It voices musings that would definitely sound better in French." Richard Corliss said Eastwood is the "most reticent of directors—where the book ogles, the film discreetly observes—and, here, the courtliest of stars....As scripted by Richard LaGravenese (The Fisher King), the Madison County film has a slightly riper theme than the book's. It is about the anticipation and consequences of passion—the slow dance of appraisal, of waiting to make a move that won't be rejected, of debating what to do when the erotic heat matures into love light. What is the effect of an affair on a woman who has been faithful to her husband, and on a rootless man who only now realizes he needs the one woman he can have but not hold?"  Corliss concludes "Madison County is Eastwood's gift to women: to Francesca, to all the girls he's loved before—and to Streep, who alchemizes literary mawkishness into intelligent movie passion."

Accolades

Others
The film tied with Goodbye South, Goodbye and Carlito's Way as the best film of the 1990s in a poll by Cahiers du cinéma.

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
 2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #90
 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
 "I See Your Face Before Me" – Nominated

References

External links

1995 films
1995 romantic drama films
Adultery in films
Amblin Entertainment films
American romantic drama films
1990s English-language films
Films about photographers
Films based on American novels
Films based on romance novels
Films directed by Clint Eastwood
Films produced by Clint Eastwood
Films produced by Kathleen Kennedy
Films set in 1965
Films set in Iowa
Films shot in Iowa
Films shot in Pennsylvania
Malpaso Productions films
Warner Bros. films
Films scored by Lennie Niehaus
Films about bridges
1990s American films

The Bridges of Madison County (film)


BioNTech SE () is a German biotechnology company dedicated to the creation of active immunotherapies for treatments of serious diseases.

It researches drugs based on messenger RNA (mRNA) for use as individualized cancer immunotherapies, as vaccines against infectious diseases and as protein replacement therapies for rare diseases. In 2020, the company started developing the BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 with Pfizer and Fosun. In late 2020 BioNTech successfully developed, together with Pfizer, the RNA vaccine called BNT162b2 against COVID-19. The company said, it's vaccine efficacy was 95%. On 2 December 2020, the United Kingdom government gave permission to use BNT162b2 vaccinations in the country. Later in December 2020 USA, Canada and the EU also gave permission to use the BioNTech vaccine.

References

2000s establishments in Germany
2008 establishments in Europe
Mainz
Biotechnology companies

Healthcare companies of Germany

BioNTech


The Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium or Naya Raipur International Cricket Stadium is a cricket field in the city of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

It is the second largest cricket stadium after Eden Garden cricket stadium (Kolkata) and fourth-largest cricket stadium in the world. The stadium has a seating capacity of 65,000. Inaugurated in 2008, this ground hosted its first ever match in 2010, when the Canada national cricket team arrived in India and played a practice match against the Chhattisgarh state team. In 2013, the stadium was declared as a second host venue for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and hosted two of its matches.

The stadium is named after Veer Narayan Singh a landlord from Sonakhan who led the 1857 war Indian independence in Chhattisgarh.

References

Other websites
 Picture of stadium
 Cricinfo Website - Ground Page
 cricketarchive Website - Ground Page
 More About Chhattisgarh progress

Chhattisgarh


The Edward A. Brackett House is a historic octagon house at 290 Highland Avenue in Winchester, Massachusetts.  Built in the early 1850s by sculptor Edward Augustus Brackett, and based on popular plans described by Orson Squire Fowler, it is Winchester's only octagonal house.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Description and history
The Brackett House is set back from the east side of Highland Avenue, a north–south route through the east side of Winchester.  The house, as built in the early 1850s, is a distinctive design made by Brackett, an eccentric artist and naturalist, that adhered fairly closely to recommendations of Orson Squire Fowler in the first edition of The Octagon House: A Home for All, the work which set off a brief period of interest in those houses.  It consisted of a series of four interlocking octagons, with varying heights and roof lines to create interesting visual effects.  A fifth octagonal unit was added by Brackett in c. 1900 which added a shed space on the first floor and a bedroom on the second, along with a veranda.  The building was originally finished in vertical board-and-batten siding and trimmed with then-fashionable Italianate brackets under its eaves, but these features were removed during the 1900 renovations, and the building exterior was redone in stucco.

Edward A. Brackett

Edward Brackett was a distinctive local personality, trained as a sculptor but also a poet and conservationist.  He established a fish hatchery nearby, and ran a commercial nursery.  He lived in the house until his death in 1908.

See also
List of octagon houses
National Register of Historic Places listings in Winchester, Massachusetts

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Winchester, Massachusetts
Octagon houses in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1850

Edward A. Brackett House


"Mama's Little Girl" is a song by Paul McCartney and Wings that was taped in March 1972 during the Red Rose Speedway recording sessions.

Recording and performance

The final mix was made in 1987 at Air Studios in London by McCartney, co-producer Chris Thomas and engineer Bill Price.

McCartney performed "Mama's Little Girl" as part of a medley during the 1973 James Paul McCartney television special, though it was not broadcast.

Personnel

Paul McCartney - lead vocals, acoustic guitar, drums
Linda McCartney - backing vocals
Denny Laine - backing vocals, bass
Henry McCullough - electric guitar
Denny Seiwell - african percussion
Heather McCartney - backing vocals

Release
"Mama's Little Girl" was intended to be included on Cold Cuts, an album of outtakes which was never released.

"Mama's Little Girl" was officially issued:
In 1990 as the B-side of the "Put It There" single & on the 2 CD Japanese version of the Flowers in the Dirt album.
In 1993 as a bonus track on the 1993 remastered CD edition of Wings' 1971 Wild Life album.
In 2018 as part of the Red Rose Speedway Archive Collection.
In December 2022 as part of Paul McCartney's The 7" Singles Box collection of 80 singles and 159 tracks.

Track listings
This song was released as a 7" single, a 12" maxi-single, and a CD single.

7" single
 "Put It There"
 "Mama's Little Girl"

12" single
 "Put It There"
 "Mama's Little Girl"
 "Same Time Next Year"

CD single
 "Put It There"
 "Mama's Little Girl"
 "Same Time Next Year"

References

1972 songs
Paul McCartney songs
Songs written by Paul McCartney
Song recordings produced by Paul McCartney
Music published by MPL Music Publishing
Paul McCartney and Wings songs

Mama's Little Girl


Andy Panayi is a British jazz musician, skilled in performance, composition and arranging. He plays all the flutes and all the saxophones and leads a selection of jazz and classical groups. He also writes commissioned works and self commissioned work for his own arranging, composing & transcribing business ALP Music.

British Jazz Scene
Born in Islington in north London and interested in music from an early age, Andy studied at the Trinity College of Music before embarking on a professional music career.

Andy is a leading member of the British jazz scene having performed and recorded with a selection of artists including Shirley Bassey, Paul McCartney, Salena Jones and Helen Shapiro.

He's also worked alongside or supported many other leading musicians and groups including The Moscow City Ballet, Ronnie Scott & his Side-men, BBC Big Band, John Dankworth and Cleo Laine, Humphrey Lyttelton, Suzi Quatro, and others.

He now works with the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) as a consultant specialising in developing the Jazz syllabus for future examinations.

Awards

Panayi has won several awards during his career including; The Marty Paich Arranging Award, The John Dankworth Soloist Award, The Worshipful Company of Musicians Jazz Medal, British Jazz Awards for Jazz Flute.

Discography

 Annie Get Your Gun - 1986 London Cast - plays woodwinds in the album from the first London revival of Irving Berlin's musical Annie Get Your Gun, starring Suzi Quatro as Annie Oakley and Eric Flynn as Frank Butler
 "News from Blueport" - The Andy Panayi Quartet plays a tribute to Gerry Mulligan
 "Uschi's House" - Flux (Latin Jazz/House music CD) playing flutes & saxes
 "Blown Away" -The Andy Panayi Quartet - on Ronnie Scott's Jazz House A top 10 album of the year in the Jazz Journal of 2001
 "Whooeeee" - The Andy Panayi Quartet - on Mainstem Records featured as CD OF THE WEEK in The Observer.
 "Time Displaced" - The Andy Panayi Jazz Flute - on Mainstem Records featured as CD OF THE WEEK in The Observer.

References

External links
 Andy Panayi's internet pages

Living people
British jazz flautists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Andy Panayi


Weekend View was a weekend morning show on The Weather Channel that aired from 5:00 to 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time on Saturday and Sunday mornings. It gave the forecast for the weekend, as well as the week ahead.

Program history
Weekend View was supposed to debut on September 17, 2005, but it was delayed to October 1, 2005 due to the busy Atlantic hurricane season. Initial plans included a primetime talk show in the second quarter of 2006, but that never came to function.

In fall 2006, Stephanie Abrams left the show for Abrams & Bettes Beyond the Forecast with Mike Bettes and was not replaced. A year later, Samantha Mohr joined The Weather Channel to replace Kelly Cass, who moved to PM Edition. Cass returned to the program in May 2008. In April of that year, Dao Vu (who was the second non-meteorologist to host a live program, the other being Liz Jarvis-Fabian, who was with The Weather Channel from 1986 to 1989) left and was not replaced.

In March 2009, Weekend View was extended to 5-11 a.m. ET, replacing Weekend Outlook. By this point Bill Keneely was moved to PM Edition, and Betty Davis joined Kelly Cass on the 7-11 a.m. block. Jeff Morrow and Alex Wallace hosted the new 5-7 a.m. block.

In July 2010, Betty Davis left the show and The Weather Channel. She was replaced by Maria LaRosa.

In November 2010, Cass moved to Weather Center and Maria LaRosa joined Todd Santos for Weekend Now. Jen Carfagno and Eric Fisher were their replacements on the 7-11 a.m. block.

In July 2012, Wallace left for First Outlook, and was replaced by Danielle Banks. In October, Morrow left The Weather Channel, and was replaced by Ray Stagich. In November, Banks left for Weekend Now and Weather Center Live, but was not replaced.

In July 2013, Eric Fisher left The Weather Channel, and was replaced by Reynolds Wolf.

On November 10, 2013, Weekend View aired its last broadcast. It was replaced by Weather Center Live on November 16, as part of the 2013 relaunch of The Weather Channel.

The Weather Channel shows
2000s American television series
2005 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
English-language television programs

Weekend View


The third USS Reid (DD-369) was a  in the United States Navy before and during World War II. She was named for Samuel Chester Reid, a U.S. Navy officer in the War of 1812 who helped design the 1818 version of the flag of the United States.

History
Reid was laid down 25 June 1934 by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey; launched 11 January 1936; sponsored by Mrs. Beatrice Reid Power; and commissioned 2 November 1936, Captain Robert B. Carney in command.

From 1937 into 1941, Reid participated in training and fleet maneuvers in the Atlantic and Pacific. During the attack on Pearl Harbor, Reids gunners fired at the Japanese planes and downed one of them. After the attack, Reid patrolled off the Hawaiian Islands, Palmyra Atoll, and Johnston Island during December. In January 1942, she escorted a convoy to San Francisco, California. Returning to Hawaii for more patrol duty, she later steamed to Midway Island, and then twice more escorted convoys from Pearl Harbor to San Francisco.

Departing Pearl Harbor on 22 May 1942, Reid steamed north to bombard Japanese positions on Kiska Island, Alaska on 7 August 1942. She supported landings at Adak, Alaska on 30 August and sank by gunfire the  on 31 August. After transferring five Japanese prisoners to Dutch Harbor, Alaska, she reached Pearl Harbor on 30 September 1942, then departed on 7 October to escort Task Group 15.1 to Pago Pago, American Samoa, which she reached on 22 October.  She departed Pago Pago on 23 October for Pearl Harbor, arriving there on 30 October 1942.  She left for San Francisco on 4 November 1942, arriving on 12 November 1942.  She remained at Mare Island Navy Yard for overhaul until 6 December 1942, when she departed with Task Group 2.17 for New Caledonia.  En route, she called in with the Task group to Nadi, Fiji on 18 December 1942.  She shifted with the Task group to Suva, Fiji on 20 December 1942.

Departing Suva Harbor, Fiji Islands on Christmas Day 1942, she escorted Army troops to Guadalcanal before guarding a convoy to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides. In January 1943, she bombarded several enemy locations on Guadalcanal.

After patrols in the Solomon Islands, Reid provided radar information and fighter direction for landings at Lae, New Guinea on 4 September 1943. While supporting landings at Finschhafen, New Guinea, she downed two enemy planes on 22 September 1943.

Following patrol and escort duty off New Guinea, she sailed from Buna Roads, New Guinea, to escort troop transports for landings at Arawe, New Britain, 15 December 1943. She protected landings at Cape Gloucester, New Britain, on 26 December 1943, and at Saidor, New Guinea, 2 January 1944. She guarded landings at Los Negros Island, Admiralty Islands, 29 February 1944, and at Hollandia, New Guinea, 22 April. Her guns supported landings at Wakde Island 17 May, at Biak on the 27 May, and at Noemfoor Island, New Guinea, 2 July.

Departing Pearl Harbor 29 August 1944, she supported air strikes against Wake Island 3 September. After patrols off Leyte, Philippine Islands in November, she steamed to Ormoc Bay, Leyte, Philippines. She supported landings there 7 December, and escorted the damaged destroyer  toward Leyte Gulf.

Fate

In Reids final two weeks in the waters around Leyte, the crew was able to sleep only an hour or two at a time.  They were called to battle stations (condition red) an average of 10 times a day.  It was a period of near constant combat.  While escorting reinforcements for Ormoc Bay near Surigao Straits 11 December 1944, Reid destroyed seven Japanese planes, when the following took place:

Reid was protecting a re-supply force of amphibious craft bound for Ormoc Bay off the west coast of Leyte.  At about 1700 hours, twelve enemy planes approached the convoy. Reid was the nearest ship to the oncoming planes.  Planes 1 and 2 were shot down by the 5-inch battery, and Plane 3 exploded about  off the starboard beam.  Plane 4 hooked a wing on the starboard rigging, crashing at the waterline.  Its bomb exploded, causing considerable damage forward. Plane 5 strafed the starboard side and crashed on the port bow.  Plane 6 strafed the bridge from the port side and crashed off the starboard bow.  Planes 5 and 6 apparently had no bombs or their bombs were duds.  Plane 7 came in from astern, strafed Reid and crashed into the port quarter.  Its bomb exploded in the after magazine, blowing the ship apart. All this action took place in less than a minute.

The ship was mortally wounded but still doing . As the stern opened up, she rolled violently, then lay over on her starboard side and dove to the bottom at .  It was over in less than two minutes, and 103 crewmen went down with the ship.  The survivors were strafed in the water by Japanese planes before rescue. Her 150 survivors were picked up by landing craft in her convoy.

Reid received seven battle stars for World War II service.

References

 Brown, David. Warship Losses of World War Two. Arms and Armour, London, Great Britain, 1990. .

External links
  Location of sinking
 ussreid369.org
 Photo gallery at navsource.org

Reid (DD-369)
Reid (DD-369)
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
Ships present during the attack on Pearl Harbor
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign
World War II shipwrecks in the Philippine Sea
1936 ships
Ships sunk by kamikaze attack
Maritime incidents in December 1944
Destroyers sunk by aircraft
Naval magazine explosions

USS Reid (DD-369)


John Edward Gray (12-2-1800 – 7-3-1875) là một nhà động vật học người Anh. Ông là anh của George Robert Gray và là con của nhà thực vật học và dược học Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828).

Các cấp phân loại được đặt theo tên ông
Gray đã mô tả và đặt tên nhiều loài ốc biển như:
 Chi Lithopoma Gray, 1850
 Chi Euthria Gray, 1850

Các loài được đặt theo tên ông:

 Ardeola grayii
 Cá voi mõm khoằm Gray (Mesoplodon grayi)
 Chuột chù Luzon (Crocidura grayi)

Một số công trình tiêu biểu
1821: "A natural arrangement of Mollusca, according to their internal structure." London Medical Repository 15: 229–239.
1821: "On the natural arrangement of Vertebrose Animals." London Medical Repository 15: 296–310.
1824: "A revision of the family Equidae." Zool. J. Lond. 1: 241-248 pl. 9.
1824: "On the natural arrangement of the pulmonobranchous Mollusca." Annals of Philosophy, new series 8: 107–109.
1825: "A list and description of some species of shells not taken notice of by Lamarck." Annals of Philosophy (2)9: 407-415.
1825: "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe." Annals of Philosophy (ns) 10: 337-344.
1826: "Vertebrata. Mammalia." (Appendix B in part). p. 412-415 in King, P.P. (ed.) Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia. Performed between the years 1818 and 1822. With an Appendix, containing various subjects relating to hydrography and natural history. London: J. Murray Vol. 2.
1827: "Synopsis of the species of the class Mammalia." p. 1-391 in Baron Cuvier The Animal Kingdom Arranged in Conformity with its Organization, by the Baron (G) Cuvier, with additional descriptions by Edward Griffith and others. (16 vols: 1827-1835). London: George B. Whittaker Vol. 5.
1828: "Spicilegia Zoologica, or original figures and short systematic descriptions of new and unfigured animals." Pt 1. London: Treuttel, Würtz & Co.
1829: "An attempt to improve the natural arrangement of the genera of bat, from actual examination; with some observations on the development of their wings." Philos. Mag. (ns) 6: 28-36.
1830: "A synopsis of the species of the class Reptilia." pp 1–110 in Griffith, E. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier. London: Whitaker and Treacher and Co. 9: 481 + 110 p.
1830-1835: "Illustrations of Indian zoology; chiefly selected from the collection of Major-General Hardwicke, F.R.S..." 20 parts in 2 volumes. Illus. Indian Zool.
1831: "Description of twelve new genera of fish, discovered by Gen. Hardwicke, in India, the greater part in the British Museum." Zool. Misc.
1831: "Descriptions of some new genera and species of bats." các trang 37–38 in Gray, J.E. (ed.) The Zoological Miscellany. To Be Continued Occasionally. Pt 1. London: Treuttel, Würtz & Co.
1832: "Characters of a new genus of Mammalia, and of a new genus and two new species of lizards, from New Holland." Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1832: 39-40.
1834: "Characters of a new species of bat (Rhinolophus, Geoffr.) from New Holland." Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1834: 52-53.
1837: "Description of some new or little known Mammalia, principally in the British Museum Collection." Mag. Nat. Hist. (ns) 1: 577-587.
1838: "A revision of the genera of bats (Vespertilionidae), and the description of some new genera and species." Mag. Zool. Bot. 2: 483-505.
1839: "Descriptions of some Mammalia discovered in Cuba by W.S. MacLeay, Esq. With some account of their habits, extracted from Mr. MacLeay's notes." Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 1-7 pl. 1.
1840: "A Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus)." Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6: 275.
1840-10-16: "Shells of molluscous animals." In: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, ed. 42: 105-152.
1840-11-04: "Shells of molluscous animals." In: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, ed. 42, 2nd printing: 106-156.
 1844: Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbænians, in the Collection of the British Museum.
1845: Catalogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Edward Newman, printer). xxviii + 289 pp.
1847-11: "A list of genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 15: 129-182.
1849: Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees of the British Museum. London. xv + 125 pp.
1850: Figures of molluscous animals selected from various authors. Etched for the use of students by M. E. Gray. Volume 4. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. iv + 219 pp.
1855: Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum - Part 1, Testudinata (Tortoises).
1860-10: "On the arrangement of the land pulmoniferous Mollusca into families." Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 3, 6: 267-269.
1862: A Hand Catalogue of Postage Stamps for the use of the Collector. London: Robert Hardwicke. Free download here.
1864: "Revision of the species of Trionychidae found in Asia and Africa, with descriptions of some new species." Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1864: 76-98.
1866: The Genera of Plants. Unpublished fragment with R. A. Salisbury
1870: Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum - Part 1, Testudinata (Tortoises).
1872: Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum - Part 2, Emydosaureans, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphisbaenians.
1873: "Notes on Chinese Mud-Tortoises (Trionychidae), with the Description of a new Species sent to the British Museum by Mr. Swinhoe, and Observations on the Male Organ of this Family." Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 4, vol. XII, 1873. pp. 156–161 and Plate V.

Tài liệu
Biographies for Birdwatchers - Barbara and Richard Mearns ISBN 0-12-487422-3

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

 John Edward Gray, the Indian Pond Heron and Walsall (RSPB Walsall Local Group)

Sinh năm 1800
Mất năm 1875
Người Walsall
Nhà động vật học
Nhà thực vật học với tên viết tắt
Hội viên Hội Hoàng gia
Nhà động vật học với tên viết tắt

John Edward Gray


The Caretakers of Deception were an American garage rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1966. Very little is known about the group itself, but their lone single "Cuttin' Grass" which was first noticed on the Psychedelic Disaster Whirl compilation album, is heralded as a classic of the 1960s garage rock era.

The Caretakers of Deception were formed by Thomas Charles Jones, a Los Angeles songwriter, when he was 17 years old. Nothing is known regarding the identities of the group's members themselves but Jones was the band's leader and primary songwriter. On his behalf, the band performed at local clubs that were a part of the city's psychedelic music scene such as the Seawitch and Brave New World. In 1967, Jones was approached by talent agent Larry Miller to record the Caretakers of Deception at a home studio in Topanga Hills. The group completed and released two Jones originals (who is credited as T. Jones on the single) "Cuttin' Grass" and "X + Y = 13" on Sanctus Records; the Caretakers of Deception disbanded soon after.

Although the "Cuttin' Grass" single did not create much interest outside Los Angeles, it received more attention when it was reissued on the Psychedelic Disaster Whirl compilation album in 1986. As "Cuttin' Grass" experienced a revival of interest, it has been acknowledged as a classic. In the UK, critic Dave Furgess, writing for the Head Heritage website, described the record as "one of the top 10 greatest USA 60's garage records of all time, right up there with classics by The Dovers, The Squires, Third Bardo, Human Expression and Calico Wall".

References

Garage rock groups from California
Musical groups established in 1966
Musical groups disestablished in 1967
Psychedelic rock music groups from California

The Caretakers of Deception


Casa del Lago was instituted in 1959 as the first off-campus Cultural Center of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. It is characterized by its extraordinary ability to promote the cultural and generational encounter between the vanguard and tradition.  It was established with Juan José Arreola as its founding director and is located in the Woods of Chapultepec, a traditional Sunday walk area for the inhabitants of the capital.

In each of the artistic disciplines, that have taken place in this multifaceted enclosure, the originality and experimentation have gathered together and allowed the creators to show how the contemporary is not incompatible with the large popular audience that visit it, turn it into an emblematic place in the cultural scene of the city.

Activities

As in the beginning, half a century ago, Casa del Lago, opens its doors to young, national and foreign artists with original and controversial proposals, with a cultural offering where emerging expressions are significant. Intense work is done in the field of visual arts, which provides the necessary means and space for artists of different ages to develop their ideas and their quality curatorial projects. It has also promoted the theatrical work of the younger generation of directors and actors. Dance has brought together the most diverse choreographic styles, all in unconventional spaces.

Alternative and emergent music has been present in diverse groups and soloists playing rock, jazz, tango, flamenco, new song, and new trends of the genres. Chess, driven by Juan José Arreola, is maintained through the various tournaments that are held annually. The Cinema Club has promoted the documentary form in a permanent way through its participation in festivals (Ambulante and DOCSDF) and has opened its spaces to young filmmakers in different film debate cycles. The program of courses and workshops has increased in over 30 disciplines, many with new and critical vision.

It revived, from a contemporary perspective, what initially was known as Poetry Out Loud, just a few years after the inauguration of this university forum in Chapultepec, through a festival that seeks to reclaim this tradition that called thinkers, intellectuals and artist of the time. It links national and international artists of today with prominent poets from different oral traditions, as the "decimistas jarochos", indigenous poets, and the recent generation of young Mexican artists, from new literary currents, where the new musical technologies are also present, the writing in relation to sound, rhythm and the lyric skills of the artist.

Casa del Lago has multiplied its cultural offers in the same way that the university community and the creators and public communities have increased, keeping alive that "dialogue between history and present as a basis of their identity", making permanent that spirit of risk, of its vocation in the search for the experimental, emergent and purposeful, becoming an alternative art site, ideal meeting place for young people and for the people, by their tastes and training.
For example, from 27 August 2009 to 6 September 2009 Caso del Lago staged an exhibition of avant-garde installation art in its grounds featuring ¿Olvida usted algo? – ¡Ojalá! by artist Susana Rodríguez and Gloria Desierta by Emanuel Tovar.

Among alumni of the Case del Lago is painter Eva Laura Moraga.

History

The construction of the building began in 1906, but it was inaugurated as the headquarters of the first Automobile Club in Mexico until April 30, 1908. In 1929, it was home to the Biological Studies Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Development (la Dirección de Estudios Biológicos de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Fomento). University autonomy definitely influenced the fate of Casa del Lago joining it to the National University and housing the new Institute for Biology, until 1959 when it moved to the new facilities created in Ciudad Universitaria (University City). On 10 May 1959 the enclosure opened its doors as a center for the promotion and dissemination of culture, but the official opening took place on September 15 of the same year.

By agreement of the rector Juan Ramón de la Fuente 31 January 2002 it was given the name of its founding director: Juan José Arreola, who turned it into the model of the national cultural centre with deep roots and prestige in Latin America, and where, over the past 50 years, representatives of the artistic vanguard of the country have gathered.

Since 1959, the University has undertaken, with extraordinary energy, the avant-garde, the experimentation and the renewal of many of the anachronistic criteria that had been adapted to culture. A new generation began at Casa del Lago when notorious figures such as José Luis Ibáñez, Leonora Carrington, Juan Soriano, Octavio Paz and even Juan José Arreola, who along with Miguel Gonzalez Avelar, to name a few, began to promote Poetry Out Loud, Chess Tournaments and the Philatelic Club.

Tomás Segovia, successor of Arreola, poet and essayist, created an extraordinary group of young writers, among whom Juan García Ponce, short story writer, novelist and playwright, stands out; thanks to his essays and notes about visual arts, he examined and promoted artists like: Vicente Rojo, Lilia Carrillo, José Luis Cuevas, Fernando García Ponce, Alberto Gironella and Manuel Felguerez; giving also a huge boost to the music of young artists through the program Nueva Música en México (New Music in Mexico), which got together people like Joaquín Gutiérrez Heras, Rocío Sanz and other leading artists and composers.

Other figures that embodied the spirit of Casa del Lago were: Juan Vicente Melo and Juan José Gurrola. Melo dermatologist and music critic replace Segovia and develop a remarkable task: Conference Cycles of literary authors and composers, small exhibitions of the mentioned artists and plays that renewed the scenic work and vanguard music concerts. Juan José Gurrola bright and bold, who began as an actor in Poetry Out Loud, always proposed avant-garde attitudes in his staging. It was an extraordinary period for Casa del Lago, awarded by the Association of Theatre and Music Critics for giving room to the artistic compositions of the twentieth century, positioning itself as one of the most renowned cultural centers in the capital of the country.

In 1982 the group called Los Estridentistas attracted public attention due to the confusion created by an exhibition about this literary group of the 20s. The exhibition at the time was the appropriate framework to exhibit the work of 80 sculptors as part of the meeting of sculptors, where they discussed issues related to sculpture and other disciplines.

Casa del Lago also gave shelter to the artists called "the rupture generation" when in 1989 they made an important exhibition in which works that once were rejected by commercial galleries were included. The Documentary Cinema Club gained special significance as a unique space of its kind in the capital.

The evening walks along the Bosque de Chapultepec (Woods of Chapultepec), with the collaboration of the Directorate of the Forest, since 1999 to date, has been a project that the university community and the population have received with great interest, since it has contributed to the rescue of the historical and artistic values of the largest urban park in Latin America.

Promotion of culture by nature, Casa del Lago has always been the ideal platform for experimentation in arts and to encourage the new generation of creators.

Location
It is located in the heart of the Woods of Chapultepec, where significant work in the diffusion of culture has been done in the last fifty years. It is an emblematic space of Mexico City, where the representatives of the country's cultural vanguard have gathered and which endorses the mission of promoting culture as essential in the integral formation of young university students and the large audience who visit it.

It has developed an intense program of activities including expositions, rock concerts and alternative music, conferences, courses and workshops, Festival of Poetry Out Loud and everything related to emerging and experimental arts.

Notable people
 Thelma Nava (1932-2019), poet, magazine co-founder, publisher, journalist

References

Culture in Mexico City
Buildings and structures in Mexico City
Tourist attractions in Mexico City
Education in Mexico City
Chapultepec

Casa del Lago Juan José Arreola


Bowfishing is a fishing technique that uses specialized archery equipment to impale and retrieve fish. A bowfisher will use a bow or crossbow to shoot fish through the water surface with a barbed arrow tethered to a line, and then manually retrieve the line and arrow back, in modern times usually with a reel mounted on the bow. Unlike other popular forms of fishing where baiting and exploiting the fish's instinctual behaviors are important (e.g. angling, netting, trapping, and hand fishing such as noodling), bowfishing is similar to spearfishing and relies purely on the fisherman's own visual perception and marksmanship, and usually do not involve using other tools such as hand net.

Historically, bowfishing was practiced for subsistence, but in the 21st century it has increasingly become an outdoor sport, practiced across the United States that is prone to excessive wanton waste. Sport bowfishing is unregulated and unmanaged as of 2023, but the practice is increasingly gaining attention and study across disciplines. Due to the lethality of the bow or crossbow, catch and release is not possible with bowfishing.

Equipment

Bows

Traditionally, bows were usually very simple. Most did not have sights, and aiming was executed by line-of-sight judgment down the arrow. Modern sport bowfishing mostly uses sophisticated compound or lever-action bows, some of which are fitted with laser sights. There are a couple of types of rests including the hook-and-roller rest, and the full-containment rest (with Whisker Biscuit being the best-known brand of the latter). Most bowfishing bows have little to no let-off and are typically designed for 40–50 pounds (18–23 kg) of draw weight. Some other bows can have as much as  draw weight.

The crossbow is also sometimes used in this manner and has its own advantages, including the use of a reel. See Recreational fishing.

Arrows
Bowfishing arrows are considerably heavier and stronger than arrows used in other types of archery and are most commonly constructed of  fiberglass, but solid aluminum, carbon fiber, and carbon fiber reinforced fiberglass are also used. Bowfishing arrows generally lack fletching, as it can cause the arrow to flare to one side or another underwater and they are not required at the relatively short ranges associated with bowfishing. Lighted nocks, and other custom features for arrows associated with night bowfishing are commonly available. Line is attached to the arrow by tying to a hole in the arrow shaft or through the use of a slide system.

Line
Bowfishing line is often made from braided nylon, Dacron, or Spectra. Commonly used line weights range from eighty to four-hundred pound test, with six-hundred being used when bowhunting for alligators. Line color is normally either lime green, white, or neon orange.

Reels
Three types of reels are commonly used in bowfishing: Hand-wrap, spincast, and retriever. Hand-wrap reels are the simplest reels; they consist of a circular spool that line is wrapped onto by hand and then secured in a line holding slot. When the arrow is shot the line comes free from the line holder and feeds off the spool. Fish are caught by pulling the line in hand over hand; hand-wrap reels are the least effective at fighting arrowed fish, but they can be used in conjunction with a float system to shoot and fight large trophy fish.  Retriever reels have a "bottle" which holds the line in place. When shot the line comes out either until the shot goes too far and the line runs out or the hunter pushes down a stopping device which can be used to keep a fish from traveling out too far.  Some retriever reels have slots cut in them and are known as slotted retriever reels.  They are more commonly used for alligator, alligator gar, shark and other big game that will take more time to chase down than smaller game fish.

Boats
Although bowfishing can be done from the shore, bowfishers most often shoot from boats. Flat bottom "john boats" and canoes are used in areas of low water, as they have less draw, but are unsuitable for open water.  Larger boats can accommodate multiple hunters.  Many of these boats are highly customized specifically for bowfishing, with raised shooting platforms, and generators to provide electrical power to multiple lights for bowfishing at night. In dense marshlands that are unfriendly to boat propellers, airboats, which incorporate top-mounted fan propulsion for operating in very shallow waters, are usually used.

Techniques

Along with fishing from boats and off the shore, wading and shooting is also effective as long as the hunter does not mind getting soaked.  Wading in rivers allows the shooter to get up close to the fish if the hunter is skillful. When keeping fish while wading, the hunter may use a stringer tied to a belt loop.

Standing on large rocks in shallower parts of a river is another technique. This provides a better view higher out of the water. Going from rock to rock in a river with two hunters gets the fish moving if they are inactive. It is similar to herding the fish to the other hunter; while one hunter is wading the other is stationary on a rock.

All of these river techniques typically work best for carp or catfish, depending on the location.

Aiming
Due to the light refraction at the water surface and the optical distortion of the apparent position of underwater objects (which would appear to be shallower), aiming straight at the target silhouette usually results in a miss.  Aiming well below the target compensates for this optical illusion.  Depth and distance (as well as angle) of the target also impact how far below the fish to aim.

Controversy, management status and wanton waste

During the late 20th century and into the 21st century bowfishing has increasingly become an ethically problematic sport prone to wanton waste of historically-underappreciated native species in the United States. Bowfishing's ecological damage has become amplified since the rise of night bowfishing during the 21st century. No bowfisheries management, complex native fish life histories, lack of funding for historically (and derogatorily) deemed "rough fish", and the heightened vulnerability of freshwater fishes and their habitats worldwide further exacerbates the ecological waste of modern bowfishing.

Modern sport bowfishing (occurring in the United States), which is often an effort to amass hundreds of native fish in single outings (sport killing) and to discard them as full-bodied carcasses afterwards, runs exactly counter to central principles of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. A modern biological understanding of several of these targeted native species (e.g., bigmouth buffalo, black buffalo, smallmouth buffalo, bowfins, quillback, redhorses) has shown that they exhibit complex life cycles that are prone to overfishing. Although some invasive species are sport bowfished in the United States including some carp species (e.g. common carp), the vast majority of sport bowfished species are ecologically-valuable native species including gars, bowfin, buffalofishes, carpsuckers, redhorse, several other catostomids species, freshwater drum, hiodontids, paddlefish, bullheads, and catfish.

New sportfish management for these complex native fishes is long overdue. Sport bowfisheries management of native species must be commensurate with the number and size of fish removed from the ecosystem, which is significantly greater per bowfishing participant due to the lethality of the sport (catch and release is not possible), there are nonexistent limits or extremely liberal limits, and there is no enforcement. In addition, approaching and killing fish aided by powerful spot lights at night is creates a disproportionate advantage to the bowfisher because fish are less skittish, wind conditions are calmer, many fishes move shallower, there is no glare from sun and clouds, there is less boat traffic and less law enforcement. Shining and hunting terrestrial animals at night is generally outlawed. The current management paradigm for bowfishing freshwater animals is blatantly inconsistent with established conservation. Further, violations often occur at bowfishing tournaments because they are unregulated and no law enforcement or agency presence occurs at weigh-ins. In the 21st century, night bowfishing has grown in popularity and legality, and is practiced by a growing contingent of bowfishers. More than 1,000 native fish can be removed in a single bowfishing outings. In saltwater, rays and sharks are regularly pursued.

Targeted species

Freshwater

Common carp
Bighead carp
Silver carp
Grass carp
River carpsucker
Longnose gar
Shortnose gar
Spotted gar
Alligator gar
Paddlefish
Threadfin shad
Frog
Bigmouth buffalo
Smallmouth buffalo
Freshwater drum
Catfish
American alligator
Tilapia
Bowfin
Asian snakehead

Saltwater

Southern stingray
Cownose ray
Bull shark
Barracuda
Flounder
Sheepshead

See also
 Harpooning
 Spearfishing

Notes

References

Archery
Recreational fishing
Fishing techniques and methods
Arrow types

cs:Kaproun obecný

Bowfishing


The National Coalition Supporting Eurasian Jewry (NCSEJ), formerly the National Council for Soviet Jewry (NCSJ), is an organization in the United States which advocates for the freedoms and rights of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, and Eurasia.  Emerging from the American Jewish Conference on Soviet Jewry, now with a paid staff, it played an important role in the Soviet Jewry movement, including such landmark legislation as Jackson–Vanik amendment.  Headquartered in Washington, D.C., it is now an umbrella organization of about 50 national organizations and 300+ local federations, community councils and committees.

History
NCSEJ comes out of the American Jewish Conference on Soviet Jewry, which first met in October 1963. Among those present were Saul Bellow, Martin Luther King Jr., Herbert Lehman, Bishop James Pike, Walter Reuther, Norman Thomas, and Robert Penn Warren.  This was followed in April 1964 by Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry. The AJCSJ was formally established in 1971, with the name change to NCSJ was approved on December 13, 1971. Jerry Goodman was the founding executive director of NCSJ and led the organization until 1988.

The organization helped link Jewish emigration to trade restrictions, leading to increase of immigration of Jews from Soviet Union to Israel in the 1970s. It organized a march for human rights for Soviet Jews on December 6, 1987, the day before a meeting between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, known as Freedom Sunday for Soviet Jews. About 250,000 people were there, among them George H. W. Bush, Iosif Begun, Yuli Edelstein, Ida Nudel, and Natan Sharansky.

The chairman of the organization is Stephen Greenberg, and the president Alexander Smukler.

References

External links
 NCSEJ website
 1988 Conference, a C-SPAN video with speeches by George Shultz and Iosif Begun
 Guide to the Papers of Jerry Goodman at the American Jewish Historical Society

Jewish organizations based in the United States
Jewish political organizations
Organizations established in 1971
Political advocacy groups in the United States
Soviet Jewry movement

National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry


Jim Wakeford (born 1944 in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a medical marijuana advocate based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In 1989 Wakeford was diagnosed with the HIV virus. The medicines used to treat his illness made him nauseated and inhibited his appetite. Wakeford credits marijuana with helping treat the side effects of the medications used to keep him alive. Wakeford and his lawyer Alan Young challenged the Ontario Court's General Division for denying him, and other medical marijuana users, the right to use the drug. The Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould assisted Wakeford by testifying in the case, arguing that the illicit substance proved invaluable in treating the side effects of his cancer treatments. On September 7, 1998, Wakeford's suit against the government was dismissed. The judge ruled it was up to Parliament to overturn the law. In May 1999 the courts ruled that Wakeford could smoke and grow his own marijuana.

References

1944 births
Living people
Canadian activists
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
People with HIV/AIDS

Jim Wakeford


John Quincy Adams Brackett (June 8, 1842 – April 6, 1918) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts. A Republican and temperance advocate, he served one term as the 36th Governor of Massachusetts, from 1890 to 1891. Born in New Hampshire and educated at Harvard, he practiced law in Boston before entering politics.

In the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Brackett rose to become Speaker in 1885, and was elected Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Governor Oliver Ames. He succeeded Ames, but his bid for reelection in 1891 was ended by strict enforcement of restrictive liquor laws, and by the negative economic effects on the state of the McKinley Tariff. He was a delegate to the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917–1918, but died before it ended.

Early years
John Quincy Adams Brackett was born on June 8, 1842, in Bradford, New Hampshire to Ambrose S. Brackett, a shoemaker and farmer, and Nancy (Brown) Brackett. He attended Colby Academy in nearby New London before entering Harvard College. He received a bachelor's from Harvard in 1865, where he was class orator, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1868. He then opened a law practice in Boston, first as a sole practitioner, and then in partnership with Levi C. Wade.  He held the post of Judge Advocate of the Massachusetts Militia's First Brigade from 1874 to 1876.  He married Angie Moore Peck of Arlington, Massachusetts on June 20, 1878; they had four children.

Early political career
Brackett was one of a number of progressive young Republicans who infused the party with new life in the 1880s, sometimes taking on and defeating older party members.  His entry into politics began on the Boston Common Council, on which he served 1873–1877. He next served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1877 to 1882 representing Boston from the 17th Suffolk District  and again from 1884 to 1887.  He served on numerous committees, including as chair of the judiciary and rules committees.  From 1885 to 1887 Brackett was Speaker of the House.  One of his major accomplishments as a legislator was the establishment of cooperative banks, which were designed to encourage thrift among the working class.  As Speaker, he had to manage a highly contentious debate, including an attempted filibuster, of a bill creating a metropolitan Boston police force.

Lieutenant Governor and Governor
From 1887 to 1890 he served as the 34th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts under Governor Oliver Ames. For significant portions of 1888 and 1889 Brackett served as acting governor due to Ames's illness, notably representing the state in that capacity at the celebration of the centennial of Ohio's settlement, and at the dedication of the Pilgrim Monument at Plymouth.  In 1889, when Ames retired, Brackett ran to succeed him.  He was supported within the party by a coalition of Blaine supporters (opposed by Mugwumps) and the liquor lobby.  He won the party nomination by bypassing its main power brokers, Senators Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar and Henry L. Dawes, engaging instead in local ward level politicking. His victory in the general election, with just 48% of the popular vote, was one of the worst showings of any Republican governor in the state to date.

During his year in office, Brackett continued his advocacy of cooperative banks, securing legislation exempting their stock from state taxes.  He also effectively advanced an agenda of tax reform and advocated improvements in Massachusetts prisons.

In an action that would later prove controversial, Brackett signed legislation granting an exclusive charter for an elevated streetcar railway to the West End Street Railway, a predecessor to today's MBTA, Boston's public transit system. Henry Whitney, the West End's president, was criticized for the tactics he used to gain legislative approval for the charter, which included bribery of legislators, the retention of a large number of paid lobbyists (including former Governor William Gaston), and payment for favorable press in local newspapers.  The West End also did not immediately begin active use the charter, in part because of questions of high liability in the city's crowded business district, and over the suitability of extant elevated rail technology in Boston's geography. This failure to act brought further charges that the charter had been acquired to squelch competition.

Brackett's term in office marked a low point in the state Republican party, and he was described by historian Richard Harmond as "pliable and mediocre".  The party was internally divided between the Mugwumps and Blaine supporters, as well as between its younger and older leaders.  The state's liquor control laws were a major subject that also caused the party some difficulty. Much of the party leadership was generally in favor of such laws, but opposed outright prohibition. For political purposes, the party had in 1886 formally declared support for a state constitutional amendment banning alcohol, but this had failed to draw significant support from the temperance community.  A popular referendum for the enshrinement of prohibition in the Massachusetts State Constitution failed in 1889, upsetting advocates of prohibition, and Brackett took up their cause in a different way. Although he had opposed the amendment, he ordered stepped-up enforcement of the existing laws, which closed bars that did not serve food.  There was a popular backlash, and Republican appeals to anti-Catholic nativist sentiment also drove many French-Canadian Catholic supporters into the Democratic fold.  These combined with the negative effects of the McKinley Tariff on the Massachusetts economy to cost Brackett reelection.  He was defeated in the 1890 election by Democrat William E. Russell in one of the most successful elections for Democrats in the state since the American Civil War.

Later years
Brackett then returned to his Boston law practice, but remained active in his party.  He refused to run for governor in 1891 against the popular Russell, in 1892 he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, and he served as a presidential elector in 1896 and 1900. In 1917 he took an active role in the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917–1918.

In 1887 Brackett built a Queen Anne style home at 87 Pleasant Street, Arlington, Massachusetts where he lived until his death in 1918. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Arlington Center Historic District, and is also part of the local Pleasant Street Historic District.  The Brackett Elementary School at 66 Eastern Avenue in Arlington, first built in 1931, was named after him.

See also
 1877 Massachusetts legislature
 1878 Massachusetts legislature
 1885 Massachusetts legislature
 1886 Massachusetts legislature

References

Bibliography

Republican Party governors of Massachusetts
Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts
1842 births
1918 deaths
American Unitarians
Harvard Law School alumni
Politicians from Boston
Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
Members of the 1917 Massachusetts Constitutional Convention
Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
People from Arlington, Massachusetts
Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
Colby–Sawyer College alumni
19th-century American politicians
People from Bradford, New Hampshire
Harvard College alumni
Presidents of the Boston Common Council

John Q. A. Brackett


Salpicon is a something people can make for cooking.  In a salpicon, ingredients that are diced, cut into small cube-like pieces, and cooked with a sauce or other liquid. Sometimes salpicon is used as stuffing.

Salpicons can be made with meat, vegetables or fruits.

The word "salpicon" is used in different ways in French, Spanish, Central American and Latin American cuisine.

Mexican food

Salpicon


The Lololima is a river of the main island (Efate) of Vanuatu. It passes near Port Vila, the capital, on the southwest side of the island. There is a waterfall of the same name, near the settlement of Lololima, which is a significant tourist attraction.

References

Rivers of Vanuatu

Lololima River


Leonard H. Goldenson (December 7, 1905 – December 27, 1999) was the founder and president of the United States-based television network American Broadcasting Company (ABC), from 1953 to 1986. Goldenson, as CEO of United Paramount Theatres, acquired a then-struggling ABC from candy industrialist Edward J. Noble. Goldenson focused on investing heavily on sports and news coverage along with creating synergy between Hollywood studios and television networks. Goldenson turned ABC into a media conglomerate, owning television and radio stations along with newspapers and book publishers. His innovations with ABC in terms of programming and media synergy would have lasting implications on the American television industry, and be emulated by leadership of other networks. He was portrayed in the 2002 TNT movie Monday Night Mayhem by Eli Wallach.

Early life and career
Goldenson was born to a Jewish family in Pennsylvania in 1905. He grew up in the town of Scottdale, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Scottdale High School. He was educated at Harvard, and entered the entertainment industry in 1933 as an attorney for Paramount Pictures after graduating from Harvard Law School. Goldenson was hired to help reorganize United Paramount Theatres, Paramount's theater chain, which at the time was nearing bankruptcy. So skillful was his work at this assignment that Paramount's chief executive officer, Barney Balaban, hired Goldenson as deputy to the manager of the Paramount Theaters chain.

Career at ABC
Goldenson orchestrated the merger of United Paramount Theatres with ABC in 1953 (after Paramount was ordered to spin it off in the wake of United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., a 1948 decree of the U.S. Supreme Court). ABC was originally formed in 1943 in the wake of an earlier Supreme Court decree effectively ordering the spinoff of the largely secondary-status Blue Network from its then-parent, NBC; its buyer, industrialist Edward J. Noble, tried to build ABC into a competitive broadcasting company, but by 1951 was rumored to be on the verge of selling the nearly bankrupt operation to CBS, whose management apparently wanted ABC's critically important owned-and-operated television stations.

Goldenson rescued ABC by convincing his board of directors to buy the company from Noble for $25 million. becoming the founding president of the merged company which was named American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres. The modern ABC dates its history from the effective date of the Goldenson transaction, and not the Blue Network spinoff.

Although he focused chiefly on ABC Television, Goldenson oversaw all areas of ABC-Paramount's entertainment/media operations for over thirty years, from 1951 to 1986, including the creation of the AmPar Record Corporation in 1955 and the 'rebadging' of the ABC-Paramount group as the American Broadcasting Company in 1968. Goldenson also was instrumental in the sale of ABC to Capital Cities Communications in 1986, which at the time, was the largest non-oil merger in history. Very early on in his tenure, Goldenson also hired the first African-American staff announcer in network television and radio history, Sid McCoy.

Personal life
His wife was Isabelle Charlotte Weinstein, co-founder of United Cerebral Palsy. Goldenson, whose first-born daughter Cookie was born with cerebral palsy, co-founded United Cerebral Palsy in 1949 and used station WBKB (at the time owned by United Paramount Theatres) to be the flagship station for the inaugural UCP telethon that year.

In 1974, Mr. Goldenson received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." The Leonard H. Goldenson Theater at the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences building in North Hollywood, California, is named in his honor. Goldenson was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1987.

Goldenson was known for always flying economy class and never driving a new car.

He died on December 27, 1999, at the age of 94. He was survived by his wife and his two daughters: Loreen Goldenson Arbus and Maxine Goldenson. His daughter Loreen Arbus was the first woman to head programming at a major television network at Showtime Networks.

References

External links
Leonard Goldenson at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
Leonard Goldenson Official Website

 Disney Legends profile

 Leonard H. Goldenson Theatre

 Booknotes interview with  Goldenson on Beating the Odds, March 17, 1991

1905 births
1999 deaths
People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
20th-century American Jews
American television executives
American Broadcasting Company executives
Presidents of the American Broadcasting Company
International Emmy Directorate Award
Harvard Law School alumni

Leonard Goldenson


Morton & Hayes is a comedy television series, shown Wednesday nights at 8:30 on CBS. The series was centered on the "rediscovered" work of a fictitious comedy duo; each episode presented what was purported as a newly-discovered Morton & Hayes comedy short from the late 1930s or early 1940s.

Six episodes were shown from July 24 to August 28, 1991.  The series pilot, entitled Partners in Life, aired approximately a year earlier on August 31, 1990, featuring a somewhat modified premise and slightly different cast.

Format
Each 30-minute episode was presented in the style of a documentary, in which host Rob Reiner introduced another long-lost comedy film short starring Chick Morton (Kevin Pollak) and Eddie Hayes (Bob Amaral).  The films on the show were supposed to have been produced by (fictional) producer Max King in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Each black-and-white Morton & Hayes short was played, not as a parody of old-time comedy, but a tribute to it. The films were made to look the way they would have if they'd been authentic, and the comedy was in the style of Abbott and Costello, with lean Morton in the "Abbott" role and plump Hayes as his "Costello."

After each film, Reiner would discuss some of the "behind the scenes" stories about the making of the films, or the actors involved in them.  Later episodes featured Reiner interviewing one or more of the actors from the picture (made-up to look decades older, of course). In the final two episodes, Reiner conducted an interview of the "now-elderly" Morton and Hayes, who were reunited on the show after years of estrangement.

The characters of Morton & Hayes
Reiner's interviews revealed much more of the history of Morton & Hayes.  Chick Morton was born Albert Mossberg, and Eddie Hayes' real name was Vincenzo Giacomelli.  They started in vaudeville sometime in the 1920s doing a magic and singing act ("The Great Vincenzo & Al"), eventually creating the Chick and Eddie personas for which they would gain fame.   They worked for producer Max King in the 1930s and 1940s, making over 100 short films and becoming well-known stars whose likenesses were merchandised on everything from coffee mugs to foot pads.   Off-screen, Eddie led a quiet life but Chick was a well-known ladies' man, and made headlines in 1943 when he was caught in a "compromising position" with one-time co-star Dorothy Dixon by both his wife (a costume designer) and his mistress (a trapeze artist) during a USO tour.

The duo made numerous films before their contract was terminated with King in 1948; their final film, "Sheeps", had been a financial and critical flop.  The team subsequently split up, against Chick's wishes, although they made reunion appearances. Their last appearance was in 1968 on an episode of The Glen Campbell Goodtime Hour. (In real life, this show did not debut until 1969.)

In the years after their break-up, Eddie left show business and became quite wealthy due to investments in real estate.  At the same time, Chick's showbiz career faltered (his last credit was an appearance in a 1970s episode of Hawaii Five-O) as he experienced a number of personal difficulties, including four paternity suits and time spent in jail for income tax evasion.  ("It was minimum security...we called it Club Fed.")  Despite not having talked in over ten years at the time of the Reiner interviews, Chick and Eddie still seem friendly with each other.

Guests
The show used a "rep company" approach to casting, often using the same actors in different roles from episode to episode. Seen frequently in various roles were Christopher Guest (3 episodes, plus the pilot), Raye Birk (2 episodes), and Hamilton Camp (2 episodes).   Maria Parkinson and Allison Janney played Chick and Eddie's wives in 2 episodes, though any continuity for their characters beyond the role of "wife" was deliberately ignored. Making one-time appearances in the series were Courteney Cox, Joe Flaherty, Penelope Ann Miller, Catherine O'Hara and Michael McKean. As well, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Wendie Jo Sperber and David L. Lander all appeared as guests in the pilot.

Pilot
A pilot for the series, then called Partners in Life, was shown on August 31, 1990.  In this pilot, Kevin Pollak (who would play Chick Morton in the actual series) played Eddie Hayes, while Joe Guzaldo played Chick Morton.  As in the series, Reiner introduced the show ... but here in the character of "Max King III", the grandson of the producer of the original Morton & Hayes films.  The faux-40s Morton & Hayes film shown in this pilot was in color, not black-and-white, and according to Reiner, the comedy duo was more of a "Hope–Crosby type team" in this pilot than the Abbott & Costello, Laurel And Hardy, or Olsen & Johnson-like team of the subsequent series.

Episodes

See also
 This Is Spinal Tap, another "mockumentary" from many of the creative staff behind Morton & Hayes, including Rob Reiner, Christopher Guest and Michael McKean.
 Garth Marenghi's Darkplace, a British show with a similar show-within-a-show format.

References

External links

 Morton & Hayes at Television Obscurities

Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
1990s American single-camera sitcoms
1991 American television series debuts
1991 American television series endings
Television duos
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Television series by Castle Rock Entertainment

Morton & Hayes


Tomohito Ito (伊藤 智仁; born October 30, 1970) is a Japanese former professional baseball player from Kyoto, Japan. He played for the Yakult Swallows from 1993–2003 before retiring. He currently works as a pitching coach for the Tokyo Yakult Swallows.

He won a bronze medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics before entering the Japanese professional leagues.

Biography
Ito was a phenomenon in his rookie year, going 7-2 with a 0.91 ERA in 14 games as a starter before injuring his pitching arm in July. His rookie-year slider is said to be one of the best pitches ever to be thrown in Japanese baseball history, reaching the low-90 mph range with an enormous amount of horizontal movement. He beat Hideki Matsui to win the 1993 Japanese rookie of the year award, even though he was only active for 3 months that year.

Despite making a brilliant debut, Ito was plagued by various injuries to his pitching arm, and did not play a single game from 1994–1995. He had surgery on his shoulder, and spent almost three years in rehabilitation before returning in 1996.

In 1997, he made a huge comeback as a closer, marking 19 saves with a 1.51 ERA. He returned to the starting rotation in 1998, and marked a 2.72 ERA in 29 starts.

He was able to pitch in the starting rotation until 2000, but sustained various other injuries to his legs and shoulder, and he had surgery on his right shoulder in October, 1999. His 2001 season ended in April, and he had shoulder surgery for the third time in his career that year. He pitched in a minor league game in October, 2002, and struck out the first batter he faced before dislocating his shoulder against the second batter. He threw only nine pitches that day.

The team suggested he retire, but Ito refused, and made a comeback on October 24, 2003, pitching in a minor league game against the Yomiuri Giants. The fastest pitch he threw was a 67 mph (109 km/h) fastball, and he walked two of the three batters he faced. He announced his retirement five days later.

Ito's remarkable slider was enabled by a loose shoulder joint. A loose shoulder allows more arm movement, but dislocation occurs far more frequently. Despite his short career, (he played only 127 games in the professional leagues) he is remembered as one of the most remarkable Japanese pitchers in the 1990s.

References

External links
 Tomohito Ito's slider in 1993 (video clip)

1970 births
Living people
Baseball people from Kyoto
Baseball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Nippon Professional Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Olympic baseball players for Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in baseball
Yakult Swallows players
Managers of baseball teams in Japan
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics

Tomohito Ito


Microbiotheria is an australidelphian marsupial order that encompasses two families, Microbiotheriidae and Woodburnodontidae, and is represented by only one extant species, the monito del monte, and a number of extinct species known from fossils in South America, Western Antarctica, and northeastern Australia.

Although once thought to be members of the order Didelphimorphia (the order that contains the Virginia opossum), an accumulation of both anatomical and genetic evidence in recent years has led to the conclusion that microbiotheres are not didelphids at all, but are instead most closely related to the Australasian marsupials; together, the microbiotheres and the Australian orders form the clade Australidelphia which are now thought to have first evolved in the South American region of Gondwana.

Biogeography
The oldest microbiothere currently recognised is Khasia cordillerensis, based on fossil teeth from Early Palaeocene deposits at Tiupampa, Bolivia. Numerous genera are known from various Palaeogene and Neogene fossil sites in South America. A number of possible microbiotheres, again represented by isolated teeth, have also been recovered from the Middle Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Western Antarctica. Finally, several undescribed microbiotheres have been reported from the Early Eocene Tingamarra Local Fauna in northeastern Australia; if this is indeed the case, then these Australian fossils have important implications for understanding marsupial evolution and biogeography. The distant ancestors of the monito del monte, it is thought, remained in what is now South America while others entered Antarctica and eventually Australia during the time when all three continents were joined as part of Gondwana.

References

External links
Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
 Entry in Encyclopedia of Life

Mammal orders
Prehistoric vertebrates of Antarctica
Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino
Extant Danian first appearances

Microbiotheria