3-11 Porter is a Norwegian group formed in 2000.

3-11 Porter has broken free from the traditional pop sound and added their own spice to music, with their mix of pop, rock, jazz, Latin and electronica, combined with their cinematic approach to the lyrics and the arrangements. All of these elements define 3-11 Porter's sound.

History
Singer and songwriter Per Arne Bertheussen made a demo of a song in 1997.  Edge Records released a very limited pressing of 200 copies under the band name: "Porter" and the song "I Can't Forget The Girl I Never Met" on purple vinyl.

In 2000, Per Arne Bertheussen met Svein Hansen and a whole new era began. Per Arne and Svein were joined by Tracee Meyn, a Norway-based American singer, and the trio subsequently recorded a total of 20 songs in the next two months, with Per Arne writing and Svein arranging the music. Some of these recordings were later featured on their debut album Nurse Me. Per Arne, Svein and Tracee have varying musical backgrounds. While Per Arne's influences are strongly from Electronica and new wave genres, Svein, a musician, producer and skilled composer has classical, jazz and international folk music influences and Tracee's background is gospel and soul.

3–11 Porter was signed by Nordic Records following a concert at Oslo's Café Mono in 2003, the signing led to the international release of Nurse Me.

A remix of "Surround Me With Your Love", by Per Martinsen (Mental Overdrive), was included on the Tea Lounge compilation album in Norway, the first of more than 200 compilation albums on which this song appears.

The band's international breakthrough came in September 2003 when the remix of "Surround Me With Your Love" was included on Hôtel Costes Vol. 6. It proved so popular that it was also included on the Best of Hôtel Costes and the Hôtel Costes box set.

Ragnvald Åheim joined the band to play bass later that year, and in 2004, Kristian Hilden joined to play drums.

In 2004, German record company Drizzly Records released a rare 12" vinyl containing seven remixes of "Surround Me With Your Love". The cosmetic firm Rimmel used the remix "Surround Me With Your Love" in a 2005 commercial starring Kate Moss, which was shown in 63 countries. "Surround Me With Your Love", the original song and the remix, has also been used by many international TV companies worldwide, including the BBC, TV Globo (Brazil), TV2 Norway, Discovery Channel and Animal Planet. The German label Stereo Deluxe signed 3–11 Porter in 2007 and released their second album,  Surround Me, in 2008. Guest performers on the album Surround Me included David M on "Sunglasses", "There Is A Place Where I Go" and "The Sleep That I'll Bring You"; Helge Kvam on marimba on "The Mood of the Scene"; Ole Jørn Myklebust on trumpet on "On A Dead Sunday Afternoon", "Vintage" and "Sunglasses"; Javid Afsari Rad on santour on "The Loneliest Night on Earth"; Pejman Hadadi on percussion on "The Loneliest Night on Earth"; Vida Afsari Rad on "The Loneliest Night on Earth"; Maud Forsgren on "The Loneliest Night on Earth"; and Cristina Latini on "The Loneliest Night on Earth".

In 2008, the original song "Surround Me With Your Love" appeared on the soundtrack of the German language version of the movie Fireflies in the Garden starring Julia Roberts, Willem Dafoe, and Emily Watson. The song was used to promote the film on radio and TV commercials in German speaking countries. In the same year, British ITV used both the original song and the remix of "Surround Me With Your Love" for their teen drama series Echo Beach.

In 2009, the original song "Surround Me With Your Love" was used as the main theme song for one of the leading characters on the Brazilian soap opera Viver a Vida. Viver a Vida has been shown in many countries including Portugal and USA. Because of this, the album Surround Me was also released in Brazil.

In 2011, MTV chose three songs, "Surround Me With Your Love" (the original version), "Nightlife" and "I Can't Forget The Girl I Never Met", for their series Popland. In 2012, 3–11 Porter re-signed with Nordic Records and their new album Electric Velvetwas released in September 2014.  The album's first single "Belly of the Beast" was released in May 2013 and was followed by a video.

Other 3–11 Porter songs which have been included on numerous international compilation albums are "On A Dead Sunday Afternoon", "Praying", "The Loneliest Night on Earth", "I Can't Forget The Girl I Never Met", "Longing", "Nightlife", "Vintage" and "Where Love's Never Been".

Discography

Singles
 "I Can't Forget The Girl I Never Met" (Edge Records)
 "The Host" / "Nightlife" (Nordic Records)
"Surround Me With Your Love" (Nordic Records, Drizzly Records)
"Lovetrain" (Nordic Records)
"Praying" (Stereo Deluxe)
"Luck Is Around The Corner" (Who Went Where Records)
"Belly of the Beast" (Nordic Records)
" Waiting for You " (Nordic Records )
"The Ugly Thing" (Nordic Records )
" Noen Venter" (Who Went Where Records)

Albums
 Nurse Me (Nordic Records 2003)
 Surround Me (Stereo Deluxe 2008)
 Electric Velvet (Nordic Records 2014)

Compilations
Tea Lounge (2003)
Hôtel Costes vol 6 (2003)
Hôtel Costes Best of 2007
Hôtel Costes Box (2009)

Members
 Per Arne Bertheussen: Vocal and Keyboard
 Svein Hansen: Guitars and Flutes
 Tracee Meyn: Vocal

 Additional live musicians
 Ragnvald Åheim: Bass
 Per Kristian Hilden: Drums
 Per Nordengen: Keyboard

References

 https://www.olanarrstudio.no

External links

Norwegian musical groups
Musical groups established in 1997
1997 establishments in Norway

3-11 Porter


Thomas Edward Burns (born 1927), known as Edward Burns, is a former unionist politician in Northern Ireland.

Born in Lurgan, Burns studied at Renshaw's College in Belfast.  He moved to Canada, where he worked in a bank, then to South Africa, where he was employed in construction.  He later lived near Donaghadee and worked as the director of various property management companies.

He was elected to the executive of the United Ulster Loyalist Council and became active in the Democratic Unionist Party.  At the 1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election, he was elected in Belfast South, and he narrowly held the seat on the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention, in 1975.

In his spare time, Burns was an enthusiastic yachtsman and was a member of the World Christian Endeavour Choir.

References

1927 births
Possibly living people
Democratic Unionist Party politicians
Members of the Northern Ireland Assembly 1973–1974
Members of the Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
People from Lurgan
Politicians from County Armagh

Thomas Edward Burns


is an action role-playing fighting game developed by Dimps and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment based on the Dragon Ball franchise, and is the sequel to the 2015 game Dragon Ball Xenoverse. It was released on October 25, 2016, for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, and on October 27 for Windows. In Japan, Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 was initially only available on PlayStation 4. The game was released for the Nintendo Switch in Japan on September 7, 2017, and later released worldwide on September 22, 2017. The game was released on Stadia on December 17, 2019.

The game had sold over  copies worldwide .

Gameplay
The game is very similar to its predecessor in terms of gameplay. It is primarily set in 3D battle arenas modeled after notable locations in the Dragon Ball universe, with the central hub being an expanded version of Toki-Toki City, known as Conton City. As reported by the creators of the game, Conton City is seven times larger than Toki-Toki City. Players are able to freely traverse the hub world, and in some areas are capable of flying, once they have unlocked the ability to fly. Players are also able to travel to other locations such as the Namekian Village and Frieza's ship. As in the previous games, some skills have to be learned through masters and other non-player characters, some of whom are found exclusively in those additional areas. Xenoverse 2 is the fourth Dragon Ball video game to feature character customization, and allows players to choose from five races: Humans, Saiyans, Majins, Namekians and Frieza's race, each with different strengths and weaknesses.

The game also features race-specific quests, minigames, and transformations (the latter of which was available only to Saiyans in the first game via the Super Saiyan forms). Players also have a much greater role in the story, as their choices can affect how the story unfolds. Multiplayer servers hold up to 3,000 players at once. The game also has a training mode called Training School. The player can use different kinds of ki blasts (Power, Homing, Rush, Paralyze and Bomb), and the ki blast type depends on the player's race or Super Soul. Additionally, players are able to transfer their save data from Dragon Ball Xenoverse. This results in a projection of the player's custom character from the previous game appearing as Toki Toki City's "Hero" in the middle of the square. Players may also select a premade avatar to serve as the "Hero" if they do not transfer save data.

Plot
Two years after the events of Dragon Ball Xenoverse, the protagonist receives a mission from Elder Kai, which involves correcting history after it has changed. They meet the Supreme Kai of Time, a deity who watches over time, and her bird, TokiToki. After meeting Elder Kai, they are granted their first mission, which is to correct Goku's battle with Raditz after he's been enhanced by dark magic. Meanwhile, Towa and Mira, who've caused history to change, have gathered allies, from different parts of the timeline.

During the Attack of the Saiyans Saga, Turles attempts to intercept Goku to prevent him from assisting the Z Fighters against Nappa and Vegeta, only to be stopped by the combined forces of the Time Patroller and Goku. During the battle, Trunks and his partner, the protagonist from the first Xenoverse game, try to capture Turles, but he escapes before the Time Patroller can stop him. The protagonist then returns to the Time Nest after defeating Great Ape Nappa and Great Ape Vegeta, and correcting history. There, they are introduced to Trunks and his partner, and it is announced that TokiToki is laying an egg, which gives birth to another universe. During the Namek Saga, the Time Patroller helps Gohan and Krillin  from escaping from Dodoria and Zarbon. After the battle, the Time Patroller returns to the Time Nest only to find out that Captain Ginyu had switched bodies with Vegeta. The Time Patroller and Trunks attempt to fix this but in doing so, Ginyu switches bodies with Trunks. After the mishap, Ginyu finally switches bodies with Goku. After fighting the Ginyu possessed Goku, Ginyu returns to his body and attempts to switch bodies with the Time Patroller but Goku throws a Namekian frog in the beam, causing Ginyu to switch bodies with the frog. The Time Patroller must then help Nail fight Frieza in order for Gohan and Krillin to obtain the Dragon Balls, causing Trunks to intervene and help Gohan and the Time Patroller. During Goku's fight with Frieza, Cooler, Frieza's brother, arrives to help Frieza kill Goku, but is eventually defeated by the Time Patroller and Goku. The protagonist finds Trunks reviewing the scroll containing his own past which is revealed to be the Android era of Future Trunks' timeline. They watch as Future Gohan confronts Future Android 17 & Future Android 18, though Future Gohan's speech regarding someone defeating the Androids even if he dies doesn't occur though Trunks acts as if it is the unaltered history of his timeline. Elder Kai walks in and notes that while he doesn't approve of Trunks' use of his mother's Time Machine it is a moot point as the Supreme Kai of Time had already decided to allow his changes to remain as part of the official history in exchange for Trunks service as a mentor of the Time Patrol. Suddenly the scroll shows signs of a history change & since it involves Trunks' own history, he is unable to intervene forcing the protagonist to intervene in his steed, saving Future Gohan from Android 16 who seems to have been reprogrammed to target Future Gohan. Together the two are able to defeat the Android, only for Mira to appear threatening to absorb Future Gohan's energy. Though the Supreme Kai of Time forbids Trunks from intervening, he can't bare to see Mira kill both Future Gohan & their Time Patroller comrade. Together with Trunks, they manage to force Mira to retreat. Future Gohan surmises Trunks is from the future due to his age & knowledge of Future Bulma's time machine research. As Future Gohan is about to leave to confront the Android twins, Trunks tries to convince him to let him accompany him this time. The Supreme Kai of Time reminds Trunks that doing so will alter history which is taboo for a Time Patroller & orders the protagonist to intervene to stop him. Fortunately, Future Gohan recognizes Trunks is conflicted & realizes he won't survive his confrontation with the Androids, though recognizes that Trunks is alive & stronger, concludes that his death has purpose, decides to confront his fate on his own, convincing Trunks not to abandon his friends to save him, as he accepts his fate confident that Trunks will bring peace to their world. Trunks must take a break from time patrolling. The Time Patroller is sent to aid Trunks' past self after he returns to his timeline following the Cell Games. Once again Android 16 appears & it is revealed that Towa found the Android 16 of Future Trunks' timeline who remained deactivated in his pod. Towa activated him either reprogramming him to attack Future Gohan & Trunks or Future Android 16 had been reprogrammed by Future Dr. Gero to target Future Gohan & Trunks after Future Goku died of Heart Virus. In addition to Future Android 16, Towa also aided Future Cell in absorbing Future 17 & 18, allowing him to achieve his perfect form as she had done previously in Dragon Ball Xenoverse. However the Time Patroller & Trunks' past self are able to defeat both Androids, bringing peace to Trunks' timeline. Afterwards, the Supreme Kai of Time puts the scroll for Trunks' timeline back together now that history has been corrected, though she & Elder Kai decide to leave in Trunks' encounter with Future Gohan out of respect since Future Gohan chose to go to his death. This leads to Future Gohan's speech regarding someone appearing to defeat the Androids from The History of Trunks to be added to Trunks' past as a result of Future Gohan meeting Trunks as a minor alteration which the Supreme Kai of Time allows to remain as part of the official history. Time Patroller then travels to the Majin Buu era to fix the distortion in which Majin Vegeta sacrificed himself to defeat Majin Buu. Broly arrives, and attempts to kill Goku, Vegeta, and Buu, but is stopped by the Time Patroller. Vegeta sacrifices himself to destroy Majin Buu, restoring the current flow of history. Meanwhile, Trunks is sent to investigate a distortion in Hell. The Time Patroller arrives to find Trunks has been defeated by Janemba from the Fusion Reborn timeline to prevent Vegeta's resurrection by Fortuneteller Baba to join the battle against Super Buu leading to him & Goku fusing into Vegito. Fortunately, the Time Patroller is able to weaken Janemba enough for Vegeta to finish him off with a Final Flash allowing Vegeta to leave Hell & return to Earth to fuse with Goku. The Time Patroller then goes to the timeline where Goku and Vegeta defeat Kid Buu. After defeating Kid Buu, Trunks who has since recovered from his encounter with Janemba reveals there was a Masked Saiyan assisting Janemba & suspects they are nearby collecting energy from the battle. The Time Patroller chases after the Masked Saiyan and teleports to the era where Beerus and Goku are fighting. The Time Patroller defeats the Masked Sayian, breaking his mask and revealing him to be Bardock. Mira arrives and engages in battle with the Time Patroller. Beerus interrupts the battle with the intention to destroy Mira, Goku, the Time Patroller, and Earth. The Supreme Kai of Time attempts to calm Beerus down by sending a box full of Pudding cups. While Mira takes the opportunity to flee with Bardock, Beerus invites Goku, Whis, & the Time Patroller to enjoy some pudding. However Whis stops when the Supreme Kai of Time reveals she made the pudding (it had been previously established in Dragon Ball Xenoverse that she is a notoriously bad cook). The Pudding is so bad that it incapacitates Goku with stomach pain, while Beerus is simply enraged (with Whis noting the last time he was this mad he destroyed
two solar systems). In order to calm him down, Whis requests the Time Patroller assist him in fighting Beerus. Together they are able to calm Beerus down enough
that he decides to spare Earth. Soon after, the Time Patroller travels to the Golden Frieza Saga, in which Frieza has been resurrected and wants revenge on Goku. During the battle, Cooler shows up again. Towa hacks into the Time Nest and tricks Beerus and Whis into leaving the battle, which allows Frieza to destroy the planet. Whis is able to rewind time and the Time Patroller, along with Goku and Vegeta, kill Cooler and Frieza. Shortly after the victory, the Duo of the Hero and Trunks are Ambushed by The Masked Saiyan and Towa, the former revealed to be Bardock, Goku's Father who was rescued by Towa from the destruction of Planet Vegeta and made to an ally for Towa. Freed from control, Bardock restrains Mira when Towa tries to trap Trunks and The Hero in a Black Hole in an attempt to trap the in a void, giving Towa no choice but to begin releasing the Hero from Xenoverse (Like Bardock, was made a slave by Towa). After defeating the Masked Hero freeing them, Towa flees & the Hero's existence become ephemeral before disappearing entirely. Trunks' & the protagonist return to the Time Nest with the Hero's discarded mask. However it seems the memory of everyone from Conton City has been altered causing everyone to consider the protagonist to be the Toki Toki City Hero, while the Supreme Kai of Time & Trunks suspect their own history has been altered. The Supreme Kai of Time reveals that history changes effect the Time Nest & Conton City at a slower pace & tasks them with investigating Conton City where they find other Time Patrollers are confused by the alterations. Eventually Trunks is able to remember his partner thanks to the discarded mask & finds the scroll for Age 780 when his past self made the wish to Shenron to summon the Toki Toki City Hero. It turns out Towa altered history by killing Shenron before Trunks could make the wish which causes a massive Time distortion which causes all the scrolls fixed by the Toki Toki City Hero to be effected, creating the doomsday scenario that could cause the Time Vault to reach critical mass potentially destroying the official history which is why the Time Patrol correct history to prevent this Doomsday scenario from destroying all of history. Fortunately Trunks is able to send the Time Patroller to Age 850 to stop Towa from killing Shenron. Together with Trunks' Age 850 self, the Time Patroller defeats Towa forcing her to flee, while allowing Trunks to make the wish to summon the Hero restoring the history of Xenoverse.

The Time Patroller returns to the Time Nest, as Trunks & the Supreme Kais wonder if Towa has truly been defeated. Realizing too late that the Hero's mask they brought back was a trojan horse, the group are ambushed by Towa and Mira again only to be brushed aside. During this, Towa made her objective clear; Earlier, the Tokitoki Bird who laid an egg, which when matured, births a new Multiverse. Seeing it as a source of power, Towa steals the recently conceived egg and plans to use it to rule the multiverse and Time. Before she can achieve her objected, Mira, now gaining a sense of Self, betrays his mentor and ends up absorbing both her and the egg, becoming a powerful foe capable of destroying all existence. At the last minute, Goku comes to the aid of the player and with the combine might of both warriors, Mira is destroyed, and the egg is recovered. The group then return to the nest just in time for the egg to hatch, birthing a new universe and the group along with Whis, Beerus, The previous Hero, and Goku stay and attend a party in celebration of both Towa and Mira's defeat and the hatching of the Egg. Due to the Supreme Kai of Time's being awful at cooking, Tokitoki convinces her there are too many people to cook for so she summons Conton City's Shenron to wish for a feast big enough for the Time Patrol & their allies. After the festivities, the previous Hero & the protagonist (now known as the Conton City Hero for their role in the defeat of Mira & Towa) have a sparring session to see which one of them is stronger, though the results of the fight aren't shown.

In addition to the main story (referred to as the critical mission by Elder Kai), the protagonist is tasked with investigating one of five large Time rifts contained inside the Time Miniatures located throughout  Conton City. Each Time Miniature rift corresponds to the protagonist's selectable races (Saiyan, Earthling, Namekian, Frieza Race, & Majin) thus their selected race will determine the rift they investigate in the prologue before being called away by Elder Kai for the critical mission. If a Saiyan they will investigate Capsule Corporation, if an Earthling they will investigate Hercule's Mansion, if a Namekian they will investigate Guru's House on Namek, if a Frieza Race they will investigate Frieza's Spaceship, & if a Majin they will investigate Majin Buu's House. Eventually the Supreme Kai of Time will task the protagonist with looking into each Time Miniature rift which they can investigate at their leisure, as the rifts' large size makes them stable & though the history contained within is altered, its altered history isn't recorded in the time scrolls thus they are less of a concern to the Time Patrol.

By completing certain activities within each Time Miniature rift, the protagonist can obtain various rewards & take part in special missions to unlock their race's exclusive Awoken Skill, in the Time Miniature rift that they investigate in the prologue. Saiyans can unlock the Super Saiyan Awoken Skill which allows them to access the first three levels of Super Saiyan (by training with Vegeta they can also access the Super Vegeta Awoken Skill which grants access to Vegeta's version of Super Saiyan & Super Saiyan 2 that appeared previously in Dragon Ball Xenoverse). Earthlings can obtain the Power Pole Pro skill which allows them to summon Goku's Flying Nimbus & wield the Power Pole as a transformation received from the Saiyaman Squad. Namekians can obtain Become Giant Awoken Skill which allows them to access Super Great Namek form that allows them to grow giant sized. Frieza Race can obtain the Turn Golden Awoken Skill after usurping control of the Frieza Clan's empire from either Frieza or Cooler (depending upon which brother they chose to serve under) inside the Frieza's Spaceship rift. Majin can obtain the Purification Awoken Skill which grants them access to the Pure Majin form from Dragon Ball Online which allows them access to the form & power of the Majin progenitor Kid Buu (as all Majin descended from Good Buu possess Kid Buu's potential, though Good Buu warns that Purification is dangerous as Majin's risk losing their "heart" & becoming another incarnation of Kid Buu, though the Majin protagonist is able to retain their heart thus retains their original personality allowing them to freely transform into their Pure Majin form at will. In addition to the Awoken Skills for each race, the protagonist can obtain one Distorted Time Egg for each of the 5 Time Miniature rifts which the Protagonist can bring to the Supreme Kai of Time. Eventually it is revealed that the Distorted Time Eggs are the byproduct of Towa's futile attempts to artificially recreate Tokitoki's Egg which the Supreme Kai of Time notes is impossible. However the Distorted Time Eggs are still powerful enough to produce the large Time rifts contained in the five Time Miniatures, thus each rift is the result of Towa, Mira, the Masked Saiyan, Turles, & Lord Slug leaving these eggs within each location, resulting in the large Time rifts creation. Due to their stability & the altered history they contain not effecting the official history contained in the scrolls, the Supreme Kai of Time decides to not erase the Time Miniature rifts. She decides to keep the five Distorted Time Eggs contained to prevent them from causing any more rifts.

Collecting all five unlocks the secret Unknown History Saga, which reveals what happened when Bardock  trapped Mira inside the Time Rift. It turns out Bardock fought Mira as a Super Saiyan (Towa implied that he had escaped from them briefly by fleeing into the past resulting in the events of Episode of Bardock where Bardock went Super Saiyan while fighting Frieza's ancestor Chilled). As the fight goes on, Bardock achieves both Super Saiyan 2 & Super Saiyan 3 as he grows stronger from the fight & his rage over being manipulated. Ultimately Super Saiyan 3 Bardock defeats Mira before disappearing from the rift. Mira recovers gaining the resolve to become stronger that lead him to betray & absorb Towa. Future Trunks, Elder Kai, & Supreme Kai of Time conclude Bardock was either killed by power of Super Saiyan 3 or the sudden release of energy allowed him to escape the rift after defeating Mira.

After witnessing what happened with Bardock & Mira, the Conton City Hero is asked to look at a history change in Future Trunks' timeline. Previously, the Supreme Kai of Time decided to leave in Trunks' meeting Future Gohan shortly before his death. Though Trunks' ultimately was stopped from altering history any further by the intervention of the Time Patroller & Future Gohan accepting his fate, Trunks' desire to save his mentor causes the 5 Distorted Time Eggs to create a separate timeline where a separate incarnation of Trunks elects to act upon said desire & joins Future Gohan in his battle with the Androids. Thanks to Trunks' strength & his presence in the battle causing Future Gohan to be able to tap into his latent potential due to his desire to protect Trunks, the pair are able to defeat the Androids bringing peace to their timeline creating a new future timeline where Trunks chose to save his mentor & remain to protect this new timeline he created. The Supreme Kai of Time wants the Conton City Hero's opinion on how to deal with this new timeline which was the result of a natural time distortion created by the combined power of the 5 Distorted Time Eggs (the Trunks who accepted Future Gohan's death still exists as a separate individual from the Trunks that did intervene as The Supreme Kai of Time says he is busy with another task) acting on the minor alterations that the Supreme Kai of Time allowed to remain. The Conton City Hero is given the choice of whether to fix it or allow the new timeline to remain. Regardless of the Conton City Hero's choice, final say on the matter is left up to the Supreme Kai of Time who's ultimate decision regarding the matter is left ambiguous. Now aware of what all 5 Distorted Time Eggs are capable of, the Supreme Kai of Time takes measures to prevent them from causing further alterations to history.

Development
The game was originally teased by Bandai Namco Entertainment on May 16, 2016, as a new "Dragon Ball project", with it being announced on May 17, 2016. A Bandai Namco spokesperson confirmed that the game would be released on the PlayStation 4 in Japan, and for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows in North America and Europe. Bandai Namco announced at E3 2016 that the game would run at a frame rate of 60 frames per second on all three platforms, would have a hub city that is seven times larger than its predecessor, and would also feature a new transportation system.

An open and closed beta for Xenoverse 2 was announced by Bandai Namco in August 2016. Both the open and closed beta were available exclusively on PlayStation 4. The closed beta began on October 8, and ended on October 10, and the open beta began on October 14, and ended on October 17.

The Collector's Edition of the game includes the game disc, a soundtrack CD, a collector's box, an exclusive steelbook case, a Time Patroller's Guide artbook (including an exclusive manga illustrated by Toyotarou based on the game), and a statue of Super Saiyan Goku. It is available for Xbox One and PlayStation 4.

A Nintendo Switch port was revealed on January 12, 2017, in the Nintendo Switch's "Software Line-Up" Video.

On March 20, 2019, a free-to-play "Lite Version" was released on PS4 and Xbox One with a subset of the full game's content and a lower level cap.

The Stadia port was revealed on December 17, 2019, on the "Stadia Community Blog" by the official Stadia team and released three hours later.

Downloadable content
A series of downloadable content packs have been released, most of which include two to four characters, main/extra story missions, stages, new moves, skills, parallel quests, and other elements for the added characters.

 DLC Pack 1/Dragon Ball Super Pack 1 - Includes Frost and Cabba from Dragon Ball Super as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 2/Dragon Ball Super Pack 2 - Includes content from the Universe 6 Saga: Vados and God of Destruction Champa as playable characters, the Universe 6 Saga for story mode, and the Nameless Planet stage from DB Super
 DLC Pack 3/Dragon Ball Super Pack 3 - Includes Rosé Goku Black, Zamasu from Dragon Ball Super, and Bojack from the film Bojack Unbound as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 4/Dragon Ball Super Pack 4 - Includes content from Future Trunks Saga: Fused Zamasu and SSGSS Vegito as playable characters, the Warrior of Hope Saga for story mode, and the Future in Ruins stage from DB Super
 DLC Pack 5/Extra Pack 1 - Includes Majin Buu (Gohan absorbed), Dabura from Dragon Ball Z's Buu Saga, and Android 13, Tapion from the films Super Android 13 and Wrath of the Dragon as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 6/Extra Pack 2 - Includes Goku (Ultra Instinct), Jiren, Android 17 (DB Super) from Dragon Ball Super, and an original character named Fu as playable characters, and a new extra mission "infinite history saga".
 DLC Pack 7/Extra Pack 3 - Includes Kefla (Super Saiyan) from Dragon Ball Super, and Super Baby 2 from Dragon Ball GT as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 8/Extra Pack 4 - Includes SSGSS Gogeta and Broly (Full Power  Super Saiyan) from the 2018 film Dragon Ball Super: Broly as playable characters, and the Tournament of Power arena from Dragon Ball Super.
 DLC Pack 9/Ultra Pack 1 - Includes Ribrianne and SSGSS Vegeta (Evolved) from Dragon Ball Super, and another variation of Vegeta (Super Saiyan God) from the 2018 film Dragon Ball Super: Broly as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 10/Ultra Pack 2 - Includes Uub as majuub from Dragon Ball GT and Android 21 from the 2018 video game Dragon Ball FighterZ as playable characters.
 August 2020 Free Update - Includes Supreme Kai of Time as a playable character in honor of the game selling 6 million copies worldwide.
 DLC Pack 11/Legendary Pack 1 - Includes Pikkon from the film Fusion Reborn and Toppo (God of Destruction) from Dragon Ball Super as playable characters, as well as two new expanded extra missions.
 DLC Pack 12/Legendary Pack 2 - Includes Kale (Super Saiyan 2), Caulifa (Super Saiyan 2), Jiren (Full Power) from Dragon Ball Super, and Gogeta (DB Super) from the 2018 film Dragon Ball Super: Broly as playable characters, the Volcanic Wasteland stage from DBS Broly, as well as three new expanded extra missions.
 DLC Pack 13/Conton City Vote Pack- Includes Goku (Ultra Instinct - Sign-), Dyspo from Dragon Ball Super, and Vegeta (GT) from Dragon Ball GT as playable characters, as well as two new expanded extra missions.
 DLC Pack 14/Hero of Justice Pack 1 - Includes Gamma 1, Gamma 2 & Gohan (DBS Super Hero) from the 2022 film Dragon Ball Super: Super Hero as playable characters.
 DLC Pack 15/Hero of Justice Pack 2 - Includes Orange Piccolo, Piccolo (Power Awakening) and Gohan (Beast) from the 2022 film Dragon Ball Super: Super Hero as playable characters, the Red Ribbon Base (Yard) stage from DBS Super Hero, as well as three new expanded extra missions.
Masters Pack - Adds 5 Masters: Android 16 from the Android Saga, Bardock and Future Gohan from The Father of Goku and The History of Trunks television specials, Cooler from the film Cooler's Revenge, and Whis from Dragon Ball Super. Included with the base game on Stadia.
 Anime Music Pack 1 - Includes 11 songs from Dragon Ball, Dragon Ball Z, and Dragon Ball GT. Not available in the Stadia version.
 Anime Music Pack 2 - Includes songs from Dragon Ball Kai and Dragon Ball Super, and extra songs from Dragon Ball Z. Not available in the Stadia version.
 Pre-Order Bonus - Includes Goku Black from Dragon Ball Super as a playable character and the Tao Pai Pai Stick as a hub vehicle. It is also included in the Nintendo Switch version and Stadia version.
 Legend Patrol Pack - Includes the entire story campaign from the original Dragon Ball Xenoverse, in addition to its GT Saga DLC campaign. Initially as a Nintendo Switch exclusive, it released for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PC & Google Stadia alongside the launch of the Conton City Vote Pack.

Reception

Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 had shipped over 1.4 million copies worldwide. As of November 27, 2016, the PS4 version has sold 87,105 copies in Japan. The Nintendo Switch version debuted at number three on the Japanese sales charts, with 24,045 copies sold and later sold 500,000 copies worldwide, by 2018.
Total sales reached over 5 million copies by the end of March 2019. Bandai Namco announced sales of  copies sold worldwide in May 2020; over 7 million copies sold worldwide by December 2020; and over 10 million copies worldwide by May 2023.

Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 received positive reviews. Critics praised the game's anime visual style, sound, and fighting gameplay but criticized the controls, repetitive nature and overall similarity to the previous installment. Aggregating review website Metacritic gave the PlayStation 4 version 72/100 based on 57 reviews.

IGN awarded it a score of 7.5 out of 10, saying "Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 is an ambitious, if rough-edged experience, with deceptively deep RPG and brawling elements." Hardcore Gamer awarded it 3 out of 5, calling it "a minimal improvement over its predecessor while sharing a lot of the same issues, but there's just something so endearing about how it all came together."

Heidi Kemps of GameSpot awarded the game a 7 out of 10, praising the combat and fan service, while criticizing the combat for being repetitive and the missions with a non-combat focus as "generally poor". Kyle Hilliard of Game Informer also awarded it a 7 out of 10, praising the addition of Conton City, but criticized the combat system for being almost identical to the first Xenoverse game and the soundtrack as "consistently awful".

Ashley Fonte from Games Mojo awarded it 4.3 out of 5 stars stating that "Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2 is an exciting anime game with a unique and ambitious concept that is familiar to the fans of the Dragon Ball Z series and will give them an enjoyable playing experience." Alastair Stevensons gave a score of 3.5/5 on Trusted Reviews, and said that "Combat is fun if you know how Dragon Ball works, but newbies will struggle to get their bearings, as Xenoverse 2s tuition system is, at best, hit-and-miss". "Smoother combat and great multiplayer options make Xenoverse 2 worth a play for fans of the series" was Benjamin Shillabeer-Hall's conclusion on PlayStation Universe, with a score of 7/10.

References

External links

 Official Bandai Namco website, includes manual for PS4 and Xbox One

Fighting role-playing video games
2016 video games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox One games
Windows games
Nintendo Switch games
Video games developed in Japan
Bandai Namco games
Namco games
Dimps games
Xenoverse 2
Fighting games
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Video games with cel-shaded animation
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games about time travel
Stadia games
Video games with customizable avatars
Video game sequels

Dragon Ball Xenoverse 2


Cristian Mauro Soldano (born June 2, 1976) is an Argentine former swimmer, who specialized in breaststroke events. He is a two-time semifinalist in the 100 m breaststroke at the Pan American Games (2003 and 2007).

Soldano qualified for the men's 100 m breaststroke, as Argentina's oldest swimmer (aged 28), at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He cleared a FINA B-standard entry time of 1:03.63 from the Brazilian Championships in Rio de Janeiro. He challenged seven other swimmers on the fourth heat, including four-time Olympian Ratapong Sirisanont (Thailand), who was later disqualified for a false start. With only seven left in the pool, Soldano rounded out the field to last place in 1:05.05, more than one second off his entry time. Soldano failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed forty-third overall on the first day of preliminaries.

References

1976 births
Living people
Argentine male breaststroke swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Argentina
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Sportspeople from Salta
Pan American Games competitors for Argentina

Cristian Mauro Soldano


The Carlton Centre is a 50-storey skyscraper and shopping centre located on Commissioner Street in central Johannesburg, South Africa. At , it was the tallest building in Africa for 46 years from its completion in 1973 until 2019. It is today the continent's fifth tallest building after The Leonardo (also in Johannesburg), the Mohammed VI Tower in Morocco, the Great Mosque of Algiers Tower in Algeria and the Iconic Tower in Egypt. The foundations of the two buildings in the complex are  in diameter and extend  down to the bedrock,  below street level. The building houses both offices and shops, and has over 46 per cent of the floor area below ground level.

The Carlton Centre is linked to the Carlton Hotel by a below-ground shopping centre with over 180 shops.

History

Design and construction
Part of the land required for this project consisted of northern and southern city blocks bordered by Commissioner Street in the north, and Main in the south connected by Smal Street. To the west was Kruis Street connected by Fox Street to Von Wielligh in the east. On the two southern blocks bordered by Fox, Kruis, Main and von Wielligh stood the old Castle Lager brewery. A new brewery was constructed in the southern suburbs, so this site was demolished by South African Breweries and sold to the Schlesinger family who turned the blocks into temporary parking lots. Original Carlton Hotel had been demolished in 1963 by John Schlesinger, son of I.W. Schelesinger, and the company had plans to build a shop and office block.

South African Breweries, under Tom Sceales, decided to build a hotel in the Johannesburg CBD, and after seeking his boards permission to reverse the old decision to sell off the land, repurchased the land. At the same time, Anglo American's property division was investigating property to purchase in order to create a superblock in the city. The two ideas merged, and Harry Gotlieb of J.H. Isaacs was employed as the two party's secret intermediary, who purchased the Schlesinger's southern block. He then negotiated the purchase of the northern block between Fox and Commissioner streets from fifteen companies and thirty individuals. One holdout, Barclays Bank, would purchase a 10% stake in the project for its sale of its plot, leaving SA Breweries and Anglo each with a 45% share. Part of a block in Main Street across from the Southern section was purchased. The project was announced on 24 November 1963.

US architectural firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill designed the Carlton Centre in conjunction with a local firm W. Rhodes-Harrison, Hoffe and Partners. The concept plan was for a fifty storey office building, 600 room luxury hotel, and a department store at ground level. The latter three buildings would sit on plaza with an open air circular court leading two underground shopping levels. The plan included 2,000 parking spaces below the plaza including one level for deliveries for the retail shops and restaurants. A building, across from the plaza on Main Street, consisted of a ground floor with shops and department store, and two subfloors consisting of shops connected to plaza's underground shopping level. The upper floors, above the shops and department store, consisted of six levels for parking with the last level consisting of a conference exhibition floor. The buildings would be constructed of poured in place concrete with a sandblasted grey granite finish with floor space of 3,500,000 square feet. The design of the office tower is very similar to that of One Seneca Tower in Buffalo, New York, completed in 1973.

Anglo American Properties began construction in the late 1960s by the closing roads to form a city superblock. Excavation of the superblocks basement began in 1966 by LTA, excavating 1 million tons of earth to a depth of 30m and boreholes drilled to keep out the water table. The excavations and basement shell were completed in 1968. Murry & Roberts won the tender to build the site and started work in 1968.

The original department store on the north-western edge of the superblock opened on 14 July 1971 with Garlicks as the tenant. The other original department store was OK Bazaars. Offices shops and shops opened between 1971 and 1972. Carlton Panorama, as it was called at the time, and on the top floor of the office block, was handed over from contractors in August 1973.

In 1972, SA Breweries sold its share to Anglo America because it was concerned about the financial viability of the project. The Carlton Centre was officially opened on 1 September 1973 at a total cost of over R88 million. The hotel itself had cost R23 million. Western International Hotels was appointed to run the new Carlton Hotel.

The Kine Centre, consisting of a cinema, office block and retail shops, was built by the Schlesinger's opposite the northern part of the super block on Commissioner Street and connected it to the Carlton Centre by underground pedestrian tunnel accessed from pavement at street level.

Use
The building is the head office of transport parastatal Transnet, who purchased it in 1999 from Anglo American Properties (Amaprop).  In June 2007, then Transnet group chief executive Maria Ramos revealed the company's intention to offer the building for sale. The Carlton Centre had served as Transnet's headquarters since 2000; it had also been the headquarters of AECI in the 1980s and 1990s before the city's urban decay began, after the parastatal purchased it for R33 million from Anglo American Properties. The disposal of the property forms part of Transnet's restructuring programme, which includes the disposal of non-core assets.  Due to the economic downturn that began in 2008, the parastatal announced it would not seek a buyer until markets recovered.

Although Transnet has given no indication of the price, the replacement cost of the building has been estimated at R1.5 billion.

The centre, after being almost empty, now has 93 percent occupancy of its office space and retail occupancy of 65 percent. Pick n Pay plans to take 3,000 square metres in the centre and the South African Revenue Service has moved from Rissik Street to its premises of 5,000 square metres in the centre. While there have been proposals to reinstate the Carlton Hotel at some stage, no official announcements to this end have been made.

Other information
The 50th and topmost floor of the Carlton Centre was called the Carlton Panorama and is known colloquially as the "Top of Africa". Once the tallest building in the Southern Hemisphere, the Carlton Centre opened with the 5-star and 30-storey Carlton Hotel taking up most of the floor space of the complex. The hotel was popular among the rich and famous, hosting many famous guests over the years. Urban decay in the inner city during the 1990s affected the hotel, which ceased operations in 1998 after nearly 25 years of operation.

Gallery

See also
 List of tallest buildings in South Africa
 List of tallest buildings in Africa

References

Office buildings completed in 1973
Shopping centres in Johannesburg
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings
1973 establishments in South Africa
Skyscraper office buildings in Johannesburg
20th-century architecture in South Africa

Carlton Centre


The Randal Óg Gaelic Athletic Association club was founded in 1953,and is located in Ballinacarriga, County Cork, Ireland, near Dunmanway in the southwest of the county. The club currently competes at Junior A in Gaelic football and Junior B in hurling. A book entitled "Finding Fifteen, The History of Randal Óg Hurling and Football Club" was published in 2007 to mark the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the club. The club combines with Dohenys at underage levels of competition. Randal Óg is part of the Carbery division of Cork GAA.

History
The club was founded in 1953, and the club's first major success came in that year with the winning of the Junior B Football title. The club's under-age team was to the forefront in 1956 when they won the West Cork Schools Shields title, and this team was trained by Dennis Cotter NT who continued to foster and train the youth of the area until his retirement in 1982. The Junior B Football title was won again in 1958 with what is reputedly the best team ever fielded by the club. In 1959 the club was unlucky to be defeated in the semi-final of the A grade championship. In 1966, the club entered a hurling team for the first time and since then both hurling and football have been played in the club. In 1973, the club recorded its first double victory, winning the West Cork Under-21 B Football and Hurling championships. In 1976, the Junior B football title was won once again.
In 1979, the Junior B hurling title was won for the first time. At the County Convention of Cork GAA in 1984, the club successfully put forward a motion to set up a County Junior B Hurling and Football competition.

Honours
Cork Junior B Hurling Championship: Winner (2) 1992, 2000  Runner-Up 1987, 2009
 Cork Junior B Football Championship: Winners 2021; Runners Up 1999
 Millennium Cup (Cork) Junior B Hurling Championship:  Winner (1) 2000
 West Cork Junior B Hurling Championship: Winners (8) 1979, 1987, 1991, 1992, 2000, 2010, 2014, 2017. Runner Up: 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 2009, 2012.
 West Cork Junior B Football Championship: Winners (6) 1953, 1958, 1976, 1999, 2010, 2021. Runner Up (4) 1966, 1985, 1986, 2014.
West Cork Under-21 B Hurling Championship: Winners (3) 1973, 1990, 1997 Runners-Up: 1972, 1975, 1985, 1987, 2001
West Cork Under-21 B Football Championship: Winners (1) 1973 Runners-Up: 1972
West Cork Under-21 C Football Championship: Winners (4) 2000, 2003, 2011, 2019 Runners-Up: 2002
West Cork Under-21 C Hurling Championship: Winners (3) 2000, 2003, 2011 Runners-Up: 1996, 2010

References

.

External links

Gaelic games clubs in County Cork
Hurling clubs in County Cork
Gaelic football clubs in County Cork

Randal Óg CLG


The Centre Village Historic District encompasses the historic central business district of Southbridge, Massachusetts.  The district includes properties on Main Street, roughly between Elm and Goddard Streets.  The central area represents a fairly well preserved Late Victorian commercial center.  It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Description and history
The area that is now the city of Southbridge was settled in 1713, and was incorporated out of portions of Sturbridge and Charlton in 1816.  Its center was long a civic meeting space, with a meeting house at the site of the present Central Baptist Church, and the adjacent cemetery.  Its industrial development also began early, with sawmills and gristmills on the banks of the Quinebaug River.  In the 19th century, the city experienced rapid growth, as the waters of the river were harnessed for the manufacture of textiles and optical equipment.  Main Street (now Massachusetts Route 131) developed as both a commercial center, and as the place were the city's business leaders built their homes.  The result is a central commercial area with commercial architecture dating from the 1840s to the 1910s, along with a series of high-quality homes of the same period.

The historic district extends along Main Street for about , from Hamilton Street in the west to Coombs Street in the east.  Anchoring the east end of the district is the 1810s house of Ebenezer Ammidown, whose family one of the leading forces in the creation of both the city's mills and its downtown.  The house now serves as a local cultural center.  Prominent at the western end of the district is the former Universalist Church, a Greek Revival structure built about 1840.  Commercial buildings lining Main Street in between date mainly from 1840 to 1900, and are a combination of wood-frame and brick buildings in a diversity of styles.  Prominent civic buildings include the Jacob Edwards Library, a fine Georgian Revival building built in 1914 to a design by Chicago architect Daniel Burnham.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Southbridge, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Southborough, Massachusetts
Historic districts in Worcester County, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Southbridge, Massachusetts
Mid 19th Century Revival architecture in the United States

Centre Village Historic District


The 2011 Baylor Bears football team represented Baylor University in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by Art Briles and played their home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas. They are members of the Big 12 Conference. They finished the season 10–3, 6–3 in Big 12 play to finish in a tie for third place with Oklahoma (whom they defeated during the season). The ten wins tied a school record for wins in a season while the 6–3 conference record is its best since joining the Big 12. They were invited to the Alamo Bowl where they beat Washington, 67–56, for their first bowl win since the 1992 John Hancock Bowl.

Junior starting quarterback Robert Griffin III won the Heisman Trophy, becoming the first Baylor player to win the award.

Recruiting
Baylor's recruiting class was ranked #46 by Rivals.com and #50 by Scout.com.

Regular season
Building on the success of the previous year's team, Baylor began the season at home with a 50–48 upset of then #14 TCU, winners of the previous season's Rose Bowl. The Bears won their next two games against Stephen F. Austin and Rice at home, before traveling to Kansas State where they lost a tightly contested game 35–36 to the greatly improved Bill Snyder-coached team.  After defeating Iowa State 49–26 at home, the Bears finished October losing two straight on the road at Texas A&M and eventual conference champion Oklahoma State.

The Bears rebounded to finish the regular season with five straight victories including a Homecoming win over Missouri, a 31–30 overtime victory at Kansas in which Baylor tied a school record by overcoming a 21-point deficit in the 4th quarter, and the program's first win over then #5 Oklahoma on a 34-yard touchdown pass from Griffin to Terrance Williams with 8 seconds remaining in the game. Baylor concluded November in Dallas playing against Texas Tech in Cowboys Stadium; although Griffin left the game due to a concussion at the half, backup Nick Florence entered the game to lead the Bears to a 66–42 victory. Baylor's win over Texas Tech was their first since 1995.

The Bears finished the regular season at home with a 48–24 victory over then #22 Texas that propelled the team (9–3, 6–3 Big 12) to the Alamo Bowl with #12 and #15 BCS and AP rankings respectively. The victory also propelled quarterback Robert Griffin III to the top of the Heisman Trophy voting; he became the first Baylor player to win the award and the first Baylor player since Don Trull in 1963 to factor significantly in the voting.

Schedule

 Game was called at the end of the 3rd quarter due to lightning.

Game summaries

Missouri

Oklahoma

Baylor's first victory over Oklahoma in school history.

Texas Tech

Robert Griffin III was knocked out just before halftime with a concussion.

Texas

2011 Alamo Bowl

On December 4, 2011, Baylor accepted an invite to represent the Big-12 in the 2011 Alamo Bowl. Their opponents were the Washington Huskies of the Pac-12. The game was played at the Alamodome.  The crowd of 65,256 represented the 5th largest attendance in the history of the bowl game. A very good showing since the highest ever attendance at an Alamo bowl was only 66,100 which was set several years before.  The Bowl officials stated it was also the most exciting college football game ever witnessed at the Bowl.

The contest became the second-highest scoring bowl game in history, and the highest-scoring regulation bowl game ever. Baylor went up 21–7 early in the game, with Griffin throwing for one touchdown and rushing for another. The Huskies roared back with 28 unanswered points, and the teams finished the half with Washington leading 35–24. In the second half, with the defenses showing limited ability to cope with the high-powered offenses led by Griffin and Husky QB Keith Price, the teams traded scores. The Bears overcame the halftime deficit, going ahead for good 60–56 halfway in the 4th quarter, and Baylor RB Terrance Ganaway tacked on a final 43-yard touchdown run with 2:28 left to play. Ganaway finished with 21 carries for 200 yards and 5 TDs, and was recognized as the game's offensive MVP. The victory represented Baylor's first bowl win since a victory in the John Hancock (Sun) Bowl in 1992. With the win, Baylor had their first 10-win season since 1980.

Awards and honors
 Davey O'Brien Award: Robert Griffin III
 Heisman Trophy: Robert Griffin III
 AP Player of the Year: Robert Griffin III
 Sporting News Player of the Year: Robert Griffin III

Rankings

References

Baylor
Baylor Bears football seasons
Alamo Bowl champion seasons
Baylor Bears football

2011 Baylor Bears football team


The Wolf System was founded in 1988 by the fight choreographer and stage combat/martial arts instructor, Tony Wolf. It has been applied to a range of production genres including professional theatre, opera, ballet, film, television and motion capture, notably including The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, as well as to physical theater, martial arts and self defense training.

History
The Wolf System (under the name "Re:Action") was originally a collection of techniques adapted from professional wrestling, historical fencing, mime and various martial arts styles. Over time, and due in part to the pedagogical influence of the modern dance discipline of contact improvisation and of the Russian martial art of Ryabko Systema, the Wolf System's emphasis shifted from a curriculum of specific techniques to an open-ended progression of largely improvised training games and exercises.

The system was introduced to the international community at the Paddy Crean International Stage Combat Conferences held at the Banff Centre in Alberta, Canada, in 1998. Since then, aspects of the system have been taught to actors, directors, martial artists, dancers, choreographers and stunt performers in New Zealand, Australia, Canada and the US, as well as at master-class seminars in England, Ireland, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy and Germany.

Philosophy and pedagogy
The Wolf System is designed to teach a series of fundamental movement and/or performance skills, which are divided into the following categories:

Synergy - non-verbal, especially tactile responsiveness and communication
Articulation - cycles of preparation, action and reaction in performing stage combat techniques, both for the safety of the performers and for clarity of live or on-camera performance
Illusion - methods of misdirection and of concealing certain safety measures from the audience or camera to preserve the illusion of actual combat
Alignment - methods of skeletal alignment supported by muscular control as used in maintaining balance and in supporting another person's body weight
Extension - methods of projecting momentum
Cascade - methods of safely moving from a standing position to the floor by collapsing or rolling
Measure - methods of judging the active distance between oneself and another person

Of the above, both Articulation and Illusion are specific to the use of the Wolf System in stage combat training. The two fundamental premises of the Wolf System in stage combat are defined as Safety and Storytelling, both with reference to performance combat as a skill of theatrical illusion.

Wolf System exercises
Some of the games and exercises may be performed individually while others may be performed in pairs or by groups of up to 20 people.

Participants in this form of training constantly alternate between co-operating and competing with their partner(s) during different exercises. Co-operative games require the participants to work together to achieve a specific result, such as balancing against each other's bodies while in physically awkward positions or keeping their hands in contact while performing various improvised movement exercises. Competitive games require the participants to work against each other, as in contests of balance and speed.

Participants also alternate between moving "in character" and as themselves, between improvised and choreographed exercises and between assuming active and passive roles during the various exercises.

To perform Wolf System exercises with a partner or in a group environment is known as jamming, a term borrowed from contact improvisation and from jazz.

The Wolf System can be used to introduce combative concepts and skills to students who may not have any previous background in fencing, martial arts or related disciplines.  Also, the open-ended nature of the exercises allow participants to experiment with a wide range of unusual fighting techniques and styles, including many that are not typically offered in more orthodox stage combat or martial arts training programs.

Sources
Wolf, Tony: "Action Design: New Directions in Fight Choreography", Martial Arts in the Modern World, Praeger Publications, 2003
Wolf, Tony: "Kampf ist Emotion", Cast magazine, issue 6, Germany, December-January 2005
Wolf System website

Choreographed combat
1988 introductions

Wolf System stage combat training


Lampeter railway station, on the Carmarthen to Aberystwyth Line in Wales, was built to serve the town of Lampeter. It opened in 1866, six years after the line, which reached Aberystwyth in August 1867.

Services at the time were limited, with only three trains running every day except Sundays. However, even this service enabled Lampeter to become an important station, although the cost of building the railway was slowly bankrupting the company. A steam Locomotive, No7 "Carmarthen", exploded at Maesycreigiau in 1890, and the Cambrian Railway took the M&M to court over unpaid bills. The railway was originally owned by the Manchester and Milford Railway Company, but owing to great financial difficulties, it was sold to the Great Western Railway in 1906.

In 1911, a branch line was constructed between Lampeter and Aberaeron, known as the Lampeter, Aberayron and New Quay Light Railway.

During the Second World War, specifically on Saturday 8 July 1944, Lampeter railway station received a contingent of 330 evacuee children from London who were then distributed to homes in and around the local area (including the village of Cribyn). That same day Aberystwyth railway station likewise received 400 evacuee children.

After the nationalisation of the railways, the passenger service to Aberaeron ceased in 1951.
Passenger services from Carmarthen ran through to Aberystwyth until flooding severely damaged the line south of Aberystwyth in December 1964. A limited passenger service continued running from Carmarthen to Strata Florida until February 1965. Milk continued to be conveyed by railway until 1973 when the traffic was transferred to the road, and the tracks were lifted shortly afterwards. The former existence of the presence of a railway in Lampeter is still obvious; the large station and goods yard are now part of the University and the Cattle Market. Station Terrace has retained its name, and the railway bridge over the River Teifi near the Co-operative Supermarket still stands. The remains of the platforms still exist on the grounds of the university, heavily overgrown, and is not accessible to the public. A bridge once carried the railway over the A482, but this has since been dismantled, although the trackbed still remains in both directions.
Local residents have been campaigning for the return of the railway to Lampeter.

References

Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1866
Disused railway stations in Ceredigion
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Beeching closures in Wales
1866 establishments in Wales
Former Great Western Railway stations
Lampeter

Lampeter railway station


Fort Hill Historic District is a historic district roughly on South Street between Lyman to Monroe in Northampton, Massachusetts.

Fort Hill was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 7, 1989. Fort Hill is a collection of well-preserved houses from the 18th and early 19th centuries. The  district consists of 5 properties on the east side of South Street and one on the west side:
The Preserved Bartlett House, 124 South Street (1792)
The Theodore Bartlett House, 130 South Street (c. 1830)
The Eleazer Strong House, 133 South Street (c. 1797)
The Col. Elisha Strong Homestead, 134 South Street (c. 1800)
The Graves-Parsons House, 144 South Street (c. 1830)
The Capt. Roger Clapp House, 148 South Street (DAR Headquarters, 1753)

All six buildings are wood-frame structures,  stories in height, with clapboard siding.  Five of them have side gable roofs and are five bays wide; the Theodore Bartlett House is a Greek Revival house with a front-facing gable and a three-bay front facade.  Three of the houses are basically Georgian colonial in character, the Roger Clapp House being the oldest of these (built c. 1753).  Two are Greek Revival, and one, the Eleazer Strong House (built 1797), is one of the city's oldest Federal style houses.

In addition to their age and architectural significance, all six buildings are notable for their association with the families of some of its earliest settlers.  Preserved Clapp was one of Northampton's first settlers, and it was his son Roger who built the Clapp House that now stands.  The two Strong houses were built by sons of Elder John Strong, another prominent early arrival, and the two Bartlett houses were built by descendants of Robert Bartlett, a town selectman between 1657 and 1663.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampshire County, Massachusetts

References

Historic districts in Northampton, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts

Fort Hill Historic District (Northampton, Massachusetts)


The Highway Traffic Act (HTA; "the Act") is a statute in Ontario, Canada, which regulates the licensing of vehicles, classification of traffic offences, administration of loads, classification of vehicles and other transport-related issues. First introduced in 1923 to deal with increasing accidents during the early years of motoring in Ontario, and replacing earlier legislation such as the Highway Travel Act, there have been amendments due to changes to driving conditions and new transportation trends. For example, in 2009, the Act was revised to ban the use of cell phones while driving.

Offences under the Highway Traffic Act are the most commonly tried in Provincial Offences court. Over 1.3 million offences are tried each year under the Act, with the most common charges being speeding (559,013 occurrences, s. 128 - Speeding), running a red light (127,836 occurrences, s. 144 - Red light - proceed before green), driving whilst disqualified (117,470 counts, s. 7 - Drive motor vehicle, no currently validated permit), fail to stop (51,263 counts, s. 136 - Disobey stop sign - fail to stop) and telephoning whilst driving (51,210 counts, s. 78.1 - Drive - hand-held communication device).

Sections

Section 1 of the Act covers definitions and application of the Act to places other than highways. The definition of "highway" in the Act is broad in nature to include "a common and public highway, street, avenue, parkway, driveway, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle, any part of which is intended for or used by the general public for the passage of vehicles and includes the area between the lateral property lines thereof".

Part I: Administration
Part I covers the following items in sections 2 to 5 of the Act:
 Powers and duties of the Ministry of Transportation
 Registrar of Motor Vehicles
 Deputy Registrar
 Forms
 Power to do things electronically
 Regulations re fees
 Administrative monetary penalties
 Cancellation of permit, license where false information is provided
 Cancellation of the permit, license where information on permit, the license is incorrect
 Protection from personal liability

Part II: Permits
Part II covers the following items in sections 6 to 23 of the Act:

 Permit requirements
 International Registration Plan
 Record-keeping by IRP permit holders
 Examination and inspection
 Sharing examination, inspection findings with other IRP jurisdictions
 IRP inspector's costs
 Assessment and reassessment of fees, etc.
 Interest
 Objections
 Appeal or review from Minister's decision
 False statements on IRP documents
 Permit refusal or cancellation
 Collection and disclosure of information
 Assignment to another minister
 Disclosure to Minister of Finance re taxing statutes
 Regulations
 Fees
 Permit limitations
 False statement, change of name or address, obliterated vehicle no., etc.
 Manufacturer's vehicle information number to be affixed
 Where the transfer of ownership or end of lease
 Used vehicle information package
 Violations as to number plates
 Number plates, further violations
 Improper or invalid number plates and cab cards
 Exceptions as to residents of other provinces, permit requirements, etc.
 Commercial motor vehicles
 CVOR certificates issued, renewed by Registrar
 Revocation of CVOR certificate for dishonoured payments
 Refusal to issue, replace or new CVOR certificates
 Safety ratings, commercial motor vehicle operators
 Person deemed to be operator
 Commercial motor vehicles, enforcement of ss. 16-23, etc.
 Offences, commercial motor vehicles
 Regulations and fees, commercial motor vehicles
 Liability insurance for commercial motor vehicles
 Insurance

Part III: Parking Permits
Part III covers the following items in sections 26 to 30 of the Act:
 Accessible parking permits
 Offence, accessible parking permit
 Inspection, accessible parking permit
 Regulations, accessible parking permits

Part IV: Licences
Part IV covers the following items in sections 31 to 58 of the Act:

 Driving a privilege
 Driver's licence
 Combined photo card in lieu of driver's licence card
 Photo-comparison technology
 As to carrying licences and surrender on demand
 Exemption as to non-residents, licensing requirements
 Displaying licence that has been suspended, altered, etc.
 Driving prohibited while licence suspended
 Drivers under 16 prohibited
 Minimum age to drive motor-assisted, power-assisted bicycle
 Prohibition as to letting or hiring
 Picking up passengers for compensation prohibited without a licence, etc.
 Agreements with other jurisdictions
 Suspension on conviction for certain offences
 Suspension on: reinstatement, reduction, an extension of conviction
 Reinstatement conditions, ignition interlock devices
 Ignition interlock devices, further provisions
 Administrative vehicle impoundment for contravening ignition interlock condition
 Suspension for driving while disqualified
 Suspension while prohibited from driving
 Increased suspension time
 Condition on the licence that blood alcohol concentration level be zero
 When driver may be disqualified
 Defaulted fine
 Suspension and cancellation of licence, etc., general
 Notice, proposed action s. 47 or safety concern
 Administrative licence suspension for blood alcohol concentration above .05
 Short-term administrative licence suspension for drug or drug and alcohol impairment
 Breath testing, novice drivers
 Breath testing, driver accompanying novice
 Breath testing, young drivers
 Administrative suspension of licence for blood alcohol concentration above .08, failing or refusing to provide a breath sample
 Long-term administrative licence suspension for drug or drug and alcohol impairment
 Administrative vehicle impoundment for drug or drug and alcohol impairment, blood alcohol concentration above .08, failing to provide a sample or submit to tests
 Proceedings before Tribunal
 Appeal
 Appeal of ninety-day suspension
 Appeal of long-term vehicle impoundment for driving while suspended
 Appeal of impoundment, commercial motor vehicles
 Penalty for driving motor vehicle when permit suspended or cancelled
 Service of notice of licence suspension
 Driving while driver's licence suspended
 Where person whose permit or licence suspended does not hold permit or licence
 Suspension on appeal
 Long-term vehicle impoundment for driving while suspended
 Short-term vehicle impoundment for driving while suspended
 Demerit point system
 Conduct review programs
 Regulations, novice drivers
 Police request for novice driver's passenger's identification
 Offence, novice driver regulations
 Driving instructors
 Driving schools
 Inspectors

Part V: Garage and Storage Licences
Part V covers the following items in sections 59 to 60:
 Licence respecting dealing in motor vehicles, etc.
 Second-hand vehicles, offences

Part VI: Equipment
Part VI covers the following items in sections 61 to 107 of the Act:

 Lamps
 Vehicles with right-hand drive
 Brakes
 Hydraulic brake and system fluid
 Other equipment
 Extended mirrors
 Speedometers required in buses
 Speed-limiting systems
 Tires and wheels
 Regulations and offences, tires
 Rebuilt tires
 Safety glass
 Equipment obstructing the view
 Windows to afford clear view
 Noise, smoke, bells and horns
 Slow-moving vehicle sign
 Sleigh bells
 Display screen visible to driver prohibited
 Hand-held devices prohibited
 Speed measuring warning devices
 Pre-empting traffic control signal devices prohibited
 Attachments required when vehicle drew on highway
 Regulations re bumpers
 Inspections, unsafe vehicles
 Inspections, unsafe commercial motor vehicles
 Regulations re inspection of certain motor vehicles
 Penalty for driving an unsafe vehicle
 Offence if wheel detaches from commercial motor vehicle
 Offence if parts, etc., detach
 Offence of causing parts to detach
 Prohibition where evidence of inspection required
 Certificates and stickers provided by Ministry
 Regulations re inspection of vehicles
 Director
 Safety standards certificate and vehicle inspection sticker
 Motor vehicle inspection station licence
 Motor vehicle inspection mechanic
 Revocation of registration of motor vehicle inspection mechanic
 Hearing re terms of the licence
 Proposal to refuse to issue or revoke licence or registration
 Tribunal hearings, general
 Service of notice
 Inspectors
 Offences
 Regulations, safety standards certificates, motor vehicle inspection stations, etc.
 Regulations, accessories and ornaments
 Regulations, safety devices
 Commercial motor vehicles, further provisions
 Power-assisted bicycles
 Motorcycle and bicycle helmets
 Horse-riders, helmets and footwear
 Sale of new vehicles
 Seat belts
 Inspection and maintenance of commercial motor vehicles

Part VII: Load and Dimensions
Part VII covers the following items in sections 108 to 113 of the Act:
 Vehicle dimensions
 Permits to exceed dimension and weight limits (use of highway)
 Special permits to exceed dimension and weight limits
 Carrying and production of a special permit
 Suspension, etc., of a special permit
 Additional power of Registrar to suspend, etc., special permits
 Loading vehicles
 Regulations, carriage of explosives, etc.
 Farm vehicles

Part VIII: Weight
Part VIII covers the following items in sections 114 to 127 of the Act:
 Restrictions as to weight on tires
 Maximum allowable axle unit weights
 Maximum allowable axle group weights
 Maximum allowable gross vehicle weights
 Raw forest products allowance during freeze-up
 Prohibition re operation on Class B Highway
 Operating within permitted weight
 Reduced load periods
 Weight on bridges
 Power of officer to have vehicle weighed, examined
 Offence and penalty
 Overloading by consignor
 Regulations, weight standards

Part IX: Rate of Speed
Part IX covers the following items in sections 128 to 132 of the Act:
 Rate of speed
 Status quo maintained
 Conversion of the rate of speed set out in by-laws
 Careless driving
 Territory without municipal organization
 Unnecessary slow driving prohibited

Part X: Rules of the Road
Part X covers the following items in sections 133 to 191 of the Act:

 Direction of traffic by a police officer
 Removal of vehicle, debris blocking traffic
 Right of way at uncontrolled intersections
 Stop at through highway
 Stop signs, erection at intersections
 Yield right-of-way signs
 Right of way on entering highway from private road
 Pedestrian crossover
 Turning at intersections
 Signalling turns and stops
 Requirement to yield to bus from bus bay
 U-turns prohibited
 Traffic control signals and pedestrian control signals
 Blocking intersection
 Portable signal lights
 Traffic control stop and slow signs
 Slow vehicles to travel on right side
 Overtaking and passing rules
 Driving to left of centre prohibited under certain conditions
 Passing to right of the vehicle
 Highways designated for use of paved shoulder
 Meaning of "designated", ss. 141, 153 and 154
 Highway designated for one-way traffic
 Where highway divided into lanes
 Regulations for high occupancy vehicle lanes
 Restricted use of border approach lanes
 Times designation applicable
 Moving from roadway to roadway on divided highways
 Backing prohibited, speed limit over 80 km/h
 Headway
 Approaching, following emergency vehicles
 Towing of persons on bicycles, toboggans, etc., prohibited
 Only one vehicle to be drawn on highway
 Crowding driver's seat
 Vehicles required to stop at railway crossing signal
 Driving of vehicles under crossing gates prohibited
 Opening of doors of motor vehicles
 Passing streetcars
 Approaching ridden or driven horses, etc.
 Use of passing beam
 Alternating beams
 Parking on roadway
 Tow truck services
 Racing, stunts, etc., prohibited
 Nitrous oxide fuel systems prohibited
 Horse racing on a highway
 Railway crossings
 School buses
 School crossings
 Soliciting rides or business from drivers
 Clinging to vehicles, bicycle passengers, etc.
 Duties of a pedestrian when walking along a highway
 Littering highway prohibited
 Deposit of snow on the roadway
 Regulations, signs and markings
 Regulations, tunnels
 Defacing or removing notices or obstructions
 Regulating or prohibiting the use of highways by pedestrians, etc.
 Prohibiting commercial vehicles in the left lane
 Aircraft on highways
 Riding in the house or boat trailers prohibited
 Air cushioned vehicles prohibited on highways
 Commercial motor vehicles, driving rules
 Exemption certificate, hours of work for commercial motor vehicle drivers
 Contracts of carriage

Part X.1: Toll Highways
Part X.1 covers the following items in section 191 of the Act:
 Toll device required
 Evasion, etc., of the electronic toll system
 Regulations, toll devices

Part X.2: Medical Transportation Services
Part X.2 covers the following items in section 191 of the Act:
 Medical transportation services
 Regulations, medical transportation services

Part X.3: Off-Road Vehicles
Part X.3 covers the following item in section 191 of the Act:
 Off-road vehicles on highways regulated by regulations, by-laws

Part XI: Civil Proceedings
Part XI covers the following items in sections 191 to 193 of the Act:
 Liability for loss or damage
 Onus of disproving negligence

Part XII: Municipal By-Laws
Part XII covers the following item in section 195 of the Act:
 Effect of by-laws7(1)(b)

Part XIII: Suspension for Failure to Pay Judgements or Meet Support Obligations
Part XIII covers the following items in sections 196 to 198 of the Act:
 Licence suspended for failure to pay a judgement
 Licence suspension on the direction of Director of Family Responsibility Office
 Personal information
 Protection from personal liability

Part XIV: Records and Reporting of Accidents and Convictions
Part XIV covers the following items in sections 199 to 205 of the Act:
 Duty to report an accident
 Irreparable vehicles, etc.
 Duty of person in charge of a vehicle in case of an accident
 Notification of damage to trees, fences, etc.
 Reporting by various officials
 Report of a medical practitioner
 Report of an optometrist
 Duties of Registrar
 Collection and disclosure of information

Part XIV.1: Photo-Radar System Evidence
Part XIV.1 covers the following items in section 205 of the Act:

 Photo-radar system evidence
 Application, proceedings commenced by filing a certificate of offence
 Provincial Offences Act, Part I
 Evidence of ownership
 Service by mail
 Photographic equivalent
 Failure to respond
 Challenge to operator's evidence
 Challenge to officer's evidence
 Certificate evidence
 Failure to appear at trial
 Adjournment
 Reopening
 Regulations, photo-radar system evidence

Part XIV.2: Red Light Camera System Evidence
Part XIV.2 covers the following items in section 205 of the Act:
 Red light camera system evidence
 Application, proceedings commenced by filing a certificate of offence
 Provincial Offences Act, Part I
 Evidence of ownership
 Deemed not to dispute a charge
 Challenge to officer's evidence
 Certificate evidence
 Failure to appear at trial
 Re-openings
 Limitations on penalty
 Regulations, red light camera system evidence

Part XV: Procedure, Arrests and Penalties
Part XV covers the following items in sections 207 to 227 of the Act:

 Vehicle owner may be convicted
 Recovery
 Right to damages reserved
 Notice of conviction to Registrar
 Out-of-province evidence re vehicle ownership
 Return of suspended licences to Registrar
 Police officer may secure possession of a suspended licence
 When owner may appear before a justice of the peace
 General penalty
 Community safety zones
 Power of police officer to stop the vehicle
 Power of officer to examine commercial vehicles
 Arrest powers
 Cyclist to identify self
 Suspension of licence upon conviction
 Impounding motor vehicles
 Abandoned or unplated vehicles
 Impounding of the vehicle on appeal
 Appointment of officers for carrying out provisions of Act
 Service on the driver of commercial motor vehicle sufficient
 Inspection of records
 Where proceeding for the offence may be heard, commercial motor vehicles on a journey

Part XVI: Pilot Projects
Part XVI covers the following items in section 228 and Schedule of the Act:
 Pilot projects
 Certificate of justice

See also

 Revised Statutes of Ontario

References

External links
 Highway Traffic Act
 Ontario Highway Traffic Act, unofficial discussion forum

Ontario provincial legislation
1923 in Canadian law
Rules of the road
Traffic law
1923 in Ontario

Highway Traffic Act


Urbain Boiret (6 September 1731 – 5 November 1774) was a priest born in France who came to Canada and became a pivotal superior of the Séminaire de Québec.

Boiret came to Canada in 1755 with another priest, Henri-François Gravé de La Rive. His intention was to be part of the mission to the Tamaroa tribe in Illinois but his services were needed at the Séminaire de Québec. There he was to fill a number of offices, including that of bursar and professor of theology. He was appointed a director of the seminary in 1759. This also marked the beginning of the Siege of Quebec. Only Urbain and one other priest,  Joseph-André-Mathurin Jacrau, remained at the seminary to manage the affairs of the seminary. However, almost everything was destroyed and Boiret, as bursar of the seminary, moved to Saint-Joachim to take stock of the situation and regroup.

Boiret returned to Québec in 1761, and by 1764 he had been elected superior of the Séminaire de Québec. It was during his tenure as superior that the reconstruction of the seminary took place. He served briefly as superior again before his death.

A 19th-century priest, Bishop Edmond Langevin discovered documentation regarding Boiret. The Holy See had conferred on him a Protonotary apostolic which he had not revealed to his fellow priests. The honour would have entitled him to be addressed as "Monseigneur". Various place names are part of his legacy such as Saint-Urbain.

References

Roman Catholic priests in New France
1774 deaths
1731 births

Urbain Boiret


Jersild v. Denmark was a  case decided by the European Court of Human Rights in 1994.

Facts
Jens Olaf Jersild, a journalist, had conducted and edited a TV interview with members of a group of young people, calling themselves "the Greenjackets" (Grønjakkerne), who made abusive and derogatory remarks about immigrants and ethnic groups in Denmark during the interview.

Later, Mr. Jersild was convicted of aiding and abetting "the Greenjackets".

Judgment

The court held by twelve votes to seven, that Denmark violated Article 10 ECHR (freedom of expression), stressing that the applicant's conduct during the interviews clearly dissociated him from the persons interviewed (Para. 34).

Judges Ryssdal, Bernhardt, Spielmann and Loizou expressed a dissent, stating that it was absolutely necessary to add at least a clear statement of disapproval (Para. 3). Judges Gölcüklü, Russo and Valticos have filed a shorter dissenting opinion, stating that the journalist responsible for the broadcast in question made no real attempt to challenge the points of view he was presenting, which was necessary if their impact was to be counterbalanced.

References

External links
ECHR judgment

Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights
European Court of Human Rights cases decided by the Grand Chamber
European Court of Human Rights cases involving Denmark
Hate crimes

Jersild v. Denmark


Stoke-on-Trent (; aften abbreviatit tae Stoke) is a ceety in Staffordshire, Ingland, which forms a linear conurbation amaist 12 mile (19 km) lang, wi an aurie o 36 square mile (93 km2). Thegither wi the Borough o Newcastle-under-Lyme Stoke forms The Potteries Urban Aurie. This, thegither wi the rural Staffordshire Moorlands aurie, forms North Staffordshire, which in 2001, haed a population o 457,165.

The conurbation continues tae be polycentric, haein been formed bi the federation o sax oreeginally separate touns an numerous veelages in the early-20t century. The dounset frae which the federatit toun (no a ceety till 1925) teuk its name wis Stoke-upon-Trent, acause this wis whaur the admeenistration (an chief mainline railway station) wis locatit. Efter the union, Hanley emerged as the primary commercial centre in the ceety, despite the efforts o its rival, Burslem. The three ither component touns are Tunstall, Longton, an Fenton.

Stoke-on-Trent is considered tae be the hame o the pottery industry in Ingland an is commonly kent as The Potteries. Umwhile a primarily industrial conurbation, it is nou a centre for service industries an distribution centres.

References

Staffordshire

Unitary authorities o Ingland
Ceeties in the Wast Midlands (region)

Stoke-on-Trent


The Silent Enemy is a black and white 1958 British action film directed by William Fairchild. It stars Laurence Harvey as Lionel "Buster" Crabb and describes his exploits during World War II.

Based on Marshall Pugh's book, Commander Crabb, the film followed the publicity created by Crabb's mysterious disappearance and likely death during a Cold War incident a year earlier. It was the first Universal Pictures film in SuperScope.

The film depicts events in Gibraltar harbour during the World War II Italian frogman and manned torpedo attacks, although the film's depiction of the events is highly fictionalised.

Enlisted men refer to Crabbe as "Crabbie" throughout, alluding to his crabby nature.

Plot
During the Italian manned torpedo raid on Alexandria (1941), two British battleships,  and , are severely damaged. The British are worried that this new tactic will afford the Italians naval supremacy in the Mediterranean and the ability to strike their primary target, the Royal Navy base at Gibraltar.

To counter this threat, bomb-disposal expert Lionel Crabb is posted to Gibraltar. He organises a small team of divers to intercept the Italian attacks and defuse the bombs. Meanwhile, from Algeciras in neutral Spain, Italian expert on underwater operations Antonio Tomolino is secretly watching the British base in Gibraltar and planning new attacks.

After the Italians mount a failed attack upon a cruiser in Gibraltar, Crabb and his divers recover one of the manned torpedoes and begin to repair it. Petty Officer Thorpe takes command of physical and diving training.

After a further series of attacks against ships in Gibraltar harbour and an attempt to recover secret documents from a wrecked aircraft, Crabb visits Algeciras to discover the Italians' base of operations. After following a man with an Italian tattoo to the interned Italian ship the Olterra, he discovers that the ship's hold is being used as a workshop and base for the operations. The ship's underwater door is used for the manned torpedoes and by frogmen, which leaves them undiscovered by Spanish authorities. Crabb reports the discovery of the Olterra to his superiors, but under the laws of neutrality, he cannot arrange an attack without top-level authority.

Meanwhile, the Italians plan a major attack on a British convoy. Crabb ignores orders and, with the manned torpedo repaired, he and another diver infiltrate the docks at Algeciras, launching a preemptive strike on the Olterra that destroys the ship, workshop and crew.

The next morning, with the convoy leaving Gibraltar, Thorpe informs Crabb that for his bravery in this operation he has been awarded the George Medal, commenting to his men: "You all deserve a ruddy medal!"

Cast

 Laurence Harvey as Lieutenant Lionel Crabb, R.N.V.R.
 Dawn Addams as Third Officer Jill Masters, W.R.N.S.
 Michael Craig as Leading Seaman Knowles
 John Clements as the Admiral
 Sid James as Chief Petty Officer Thorpe
 Alec McCowen as Able Seaman Morgan
 Nigel Stock as Able Seaman Fraser
 Ian Whittaker as Ordinary Seaman Thomas
 Arnoldo Foà as Tomolino
 Gianna Maria Canale as Conchita
 Massimo Serato as Forzellini
 Giacomo Rossi-Stuart as Rosati
 Carlo Giustini as Fellini
 Raymond Young as Celloni
 David Lodge as Sergeant
 Ewen Solon as Willowdale Captain
 Brian Oulton as Holford
 Howard Marion-Crawford as Wing Commander
 Cyril Shaps as Miguel
 Lee Montague as Miguel's Mate
 John Lee as Flag Lieutenant
 Terence Longdon as Lieutenant Bailey
 Ian MacNaughton as Sentry outside Admiral's Office

 David Fotheringham as Italian frogman
 Alan Webb as British Consul
 John Moffatt as Diving Volunteer
 Harold Siddons as Army Interrogation Officer
 Derren Nesbitt as Patrol Boat Officer
 Michael Brill as Naval Interrogation Officer

Production
The film was announced in June 1957. Filming took place in England, Malta and Gibraltar.

Harvey was injured in the leg and hospitalised during filming in Malta.

Michael Craig had been suspended by the Rank Organisation for refusing the lead in The Gentleman and the Gypsy but was removed from the project after James Woolf of Romulus Films offered Craig's annual salary to Rank. Craig said that Laurence Harvey "was good company, generous to his friends and, in spite of his reputation as a user, I liked him a lot."

Historical inaccuracies
The British divers are shown as using Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus, with the Italians using the British Chariot manned torpedoes rather than Italian Maiale manned torpedoes.

In reality, Crabb spent several months deactivating mines brought ashore by other divers before learning to dive himself.

The real divers did not initially wear fins. Crabb and Knowles were the first to use them after removing them from the Italian chariot divers.

See also
Films featuring human torpedoes

References

External links

1958 films
1950s English-language films
British World War II films
Underwater action films
Films shot at Elstree Studios
Films shot in Gibraltar
Gibraltar in World War II
Royal Navy in World War II films
Films set in the Mediterranean Sea
Films scored by William Alwyn
Films set in Gibraltar
Films directed by William Fairchild
1950s British films

The Silent Enemy (1958 film)


The Cherry Hill Farmhouse is a house museum in Falls Church, Virginia, United States. Built in 1845 in a Greek Revival architecture style, it belonged to wealthy farmer families until 1945, and in 1956 it became property of the City of Falls Church, which transformed it into a museum, as a historical building. Today, the Cherry Hill Farmhouse, along with other five such constructions in Falls Church City, is part of the National Register of Historic Places, as an important testimony of 19th century Victorian buildings in the area.

History
The house hosting the museum was built about 1845 as a farmstead in a Greek Revival architecture and frame barn. Mr. William A. Blaisdell, who managed a stall in the nearby District of Columbia, purchased the house in 1856 as part of a 73-acre farm. It has long been named Cherry Hill because of the fruit orchards that surrounded the house.

From 1870 to 1945 the house belonged to the Riley family who were prominent in the village; it was Joseph Riley that in 1875 lead the effort to petition the state for Falls Church to become a town. At that time the town included parts of Fairfax and Alexandria Counties (now called Arlington County). The poet James Whitcomb Riley, a relative of the owners and visitor to the farmhouse, included references to the farmhouse and some of its residents in some of his poems. The farmhouse, barn, and outbuildings were bequeathed to the University of Virginia in 1945, and the school owned it until 1956 when the City of Falls Church purchased them along with the rest of the property bounded by Park Avenue, Little Falls Street, and Great Falls Street. Then, in the 1960s, a number of local history lovers created the Friends of Cherry Hill to restore the house to the period of its construction and make a house museum to exhibit the lifestyle of the prosperous families of the area. It provides a glimpse of the antebellum times in Falls Church and later in the Victorian period. The docents provide the history of the house, the local area at the time, and the connection to the national affairs. Nowadays the house is included within a 7-acre park.

The museum includes the household's authentic 18th and 19th century furniture, which along with other historical pieces, are owned and maintained by a foundation called Friends of Cherry Hill, whereas the barn houses a 19th-century collection of tools.

The Cherry Hill Farmhouse & Barn is part of the National Register of Historic Places and is one of only six Falls Church houses of the Victorian era on that list (no commercial buildings from that period have survived).

References

External links

 Cherry Hill Farm - Friends of Cherry Hill Foundation
 Cherry Hill, 312 Park Avenue, Falls Church, Falls Church, VA at the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)

Museums established in 1956
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Houses completed in 1845
Greek Revival houses in Virginia
Historic house museums in Virginia
Houses in Falls Church, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Falls Church, Virginia
1956 establishments in Virginia
Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
Tourist attractions in Falls Church, Virginia

Cherry Hill Farmhouse


Carl Gustaf Roos (before 1705, Carl Gustaf Roos af Hjelmsäter; 1655–1722) was a friherre and Major General of the Carolean Swedish Army.

After his military education in a foreign army – according to the custom of that time – Carl Gustaf Roos participated in Charles XI of Sweden's war against Denmark. After Charles XII's accession to the Swedish throne he served the new king in battle. Roos distinguished himself at the battle of Narva in 1700 and was promoted to colonel, as well as head of the Närke-Värmland Regiment in 1701.

Roos was elevated to friherre in 1705. He had until then had the cognomen Roos af Hjelmsäter, but after his elevation became known simply as "Roos".

In 1706 Roos was promoted to Major General and participated as such in the battle of Poltava on 28 June 1709. During the course of this battle he was captured, and was later taken to Moscow as a prisoner. Roos died in 1722 on his way home from his release from captivity after the 1721 treaty of Nystad.

Roos was the father of friherre Axel Erik Roos (1684-1765), who also participated in the Great Northern War.

References

Swedish nobility
1655 births
1722 deaths
Caroleans
Swedish military personnel of the Great Northern War
Swedish generals
Battle of Poltava
Swedish prisoners of war
Prisoners of war held by Russia

Carl Gustaf Roos


Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh William Lumsden Saunders,  (24 August 1894 – 8 May 1987) was a South African aviator who rose through the ranks to become a senior Royal Air Force commander.

RAF career

Saunders enlisted with the Witwatersrand Rifles Regiment in 1914 at the start of the First World War and then served in the South African Rifles before becoming a pilot in No. 84 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, and sometimes flew as a wingman of fellow South African, RAF flying ace Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor. He became a triple ace, with 15 victories credited to him. He was promoted to squadron leader on 29 May 1929. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 45 Squadron in 1932.

Saunders served in the Second World War, initially as Chief of Staff for the Royal New Zealand Air Force before becoming Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Fighter Command in February 1942 and then being made Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group in November 1942. He was made Director-General of Personnel at the Air Ministry in November 1944.

At the end of the war, he was made Air Officer Commanding RAF Burma before becoming Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command in January 1947. He went on to be Air Member for Personnel in October 1947, Inspector-General of the RAF in October 1949 and Commander-in-Chief at Headquarters Air Forces Western Europe in February 1951. He was appointed Air Deputy to Supreme Allied Commander Europe and retired in September 1953.

Post retirement
Following a series of fatal accidents in the newly established Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF), Saunders was invited to serve as a special advisor to the Minister of Defence of Denmark in 1954, in order to reorganise and, it was envisioned, bring the number of accidents in RDAF down. Saunders indeed reorganised the RDAF and, realising that most of the equipment/planes were of a tactical nature, established Tactical Air Command Denmark as the supreme HQ of RDAF. In addition, a number of specialist commands were established, training improved and gradually the accident rate fell. He served in Denmark until 1956 and received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog for his service.

References

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1894 births
1987 deaths
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force air marshals
British World War I flying aces
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Military Cross
Recipients of the Military Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog
People from Germiston

Hugh Saunders (RAF officer)


Kingwood is a classic furniture wood, almost exclusively used for inlays on very fine furniture. It was the most expensive wood in general use for furniture making in the seventeenth century, at which time it was known as princes wood. It is brownish-purple with many fine darker stripes and occasional irregular swirls. Occasionally it contains pale streaks of a similar colour to the sapwood, as in the picture.

It is yielded by a smallish tree, Dalbergia cearensis, restricted to a small area in Brazil. Other woods from the same genus are cocobolo, rosewood, African blackwood, Bombay blackwood and Brazilian tulipwood.  The wood is very dense and hard, and can be brought to a spectacular finish. It turns well, but due to its density and hardness it can be difficult to work with hand tools.  It also has a tendency to blunt tools due to its abrasive properties.

It is available only in small sizes. Occasionally it is used in the solid for small items and turned work, including parts of billiard cues, e.g., those made by John Parris.

References

Wood
Forestry in Brazil

Kingwood (wood)