Concepción Arenal Ponte (Ferrol, 31 January 1820 – Vigo, 4 February 1893) was a  graduate in law, thinker, journalist, poet and Galician dramatic author within the literary Realism and pioneer in Spanish feminism.
Born in Ferrol, Galicia, she excelled in literature and was the first woman to attend university in Spain. She was also a pioneer and  founder of the feminist movement in Spain.

Life
Her father, Ángel del Arenal y de la Cuesta, was a liberal military officer who was often imprisoned for his ideology and opposition to the regime of Ferdinand VII. He fell ill in prison and died in 1829, when Concepción was aged 9. She moved to Armaño (Cantabria) with her mother, María Concepción Ponte Mandiá Tenreiro, and then to Madrid in 1834, to attend the school of the Count of Tepa. Against her mother's wishes in 1841 she went to Law School at the Central University (now the Complutense University of Madrid), becoming the first woman in Spain to attend University, where she was forced to wear masculine attire. She also attended political and literary debates, unheard of at the time for a woman.

She graduated and in 1848 she married lawyer and writer Fernando García Carrasco. They had three children: a daughter that died shortly after birth, and two sons,  Fernando (b. 1850) and Ramón (b. 1852).  In her later years, her health being a permanent cause of concern, Concepción Arenal lived with her son Fernando and Fernando's second wife, Ernestina Winter.

Concepción Arenal and her husband collaborated closely on the liberal newspaper Iberia until Fernando's death in 1859. Penniless she was forced to sell all her possessions in Armaño and moved into the house of violinist and composer Jesús de Monasterio in Potes, Cantabria, where in 1859 she founded the feminist group Conference of Saint Vincent de Paul in order to help the poor. Two years later the Academy of Moral Sciences and Politics awarded her a prize for her work La beneficencia, la filantropía y la caridad [Beneficence, philanthropy and charity]. It was the first time the Academy gave the prize to a woman.

In later years she published poetry books and essays such as Cartas á los Delincuentes [Letters to delinquents] (1865), "Ode against slavery" (1866), El reo, el pueblo y el verdugo, o, La ejecución pública de la pena de muerte [Convicts, the people and the executioner, or, The execution of the death sentence] (1867). In 1868 she was named Inspector of Women's Correctional Houses and in 1871 began fourteen years of collaboration with the Madrid-based magazine The Voice of Charity.

In 1872 she founded the Construction Beneficiary, a society dedicated to building cheap houses for workers. She also worked with the Red Cross helping the injured of the Carlist War, working in a hospital in Miranda de Ebro, later being named Secretary General of the Red Cross between 1871 and 1872. In 1877 she published Penitentiary Studies.

Concepción Arenal died the morning of 4 February 1893 of chronic bronchitis in Vigo, where she was buried a day later. Her epitaph is her personal motto: "To virtue, to life, to science."

Contributions to feminism
Concepción Arenal is one of the pioneers of feminism in Spain. Her first work about women's rights was La Mujer del Porvenir [The woman of the future] (1869) where she critics the theories defending the inferiority of women based on biological reasons. She defended women's access to any level of education, although not to any job because she considered that women were not skilled to be an authority figure. She neither support women's political involvement because they were at risk of suffering retaliation and neglecting their family. However, later she also wrote:"a serious mistake, and one of the most harmful, to impress upon women that her sole mission is to be wife and mother; it amounts to tell her that she can be nothing by herself and to annihilate her moral and intellectual self" She had a close relationship with krausism intellectuals. She was admirer of Fernando de Castro's work about women's education and also she was a member of Ateneo Artístico y Literairo de Señoras directors' board keeping up to date with the progress made by Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer (Association for Teaching Women). Years later, she collaborated regularly with Boletín de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza [Journal of the Institution of Free Teaching] submitting articles about criminal and feminist topics.

In 1882 Arenal participated-although she was not present- in the Congreso Pedagógico Hispano-Portugués-Americano [Congress of Hispanic-Portugues-American Pedagogy] hold in Madrid and led by Rafael Mª de Labra. She presented a paper about "La educación de la mujer" [Women's education] in the fifth section of the congress dedicated to Concepto y límites de la educación de la mujer, y de la aptitud profesional de ésta [The concept and limits of women's education and her professional aptitude].  The section dealt with the debate of the similarities and difference between women and men's education, what tools were necessary to organize a good education system for women, what aptitudes women had for teaching and other jobs and women's physical education. The vice-president of this round table was Emilia Pardo Bazán. Arenal's position was supporting women's education without limitation.

Legacy
Arenal's achievements were extraordinary in a largely traditional Spain, focusing her work on those marginalised in society. She wrote not only extensively on the state of prisons for both men and women, but also on the role of women in society in works such as La Mujer del Porvenir [The Woman of the Future] (1869), The education of women, The current state of women in Spain, The work of women, La mujer de su casa [The woman of the house] (1883) and Domestic service. It is this work which made her known as the founder of the feminist movement in Spain.

A monument to Concepción Arenal was erected in 1934 in Madrid, and the Library of Law, Political Sciences and Labour Relations of the University of Santiago de Compostela bears her name.  Ideologically, Arenal was a reformist deeply rooted in Christian doctrine.

Bibliography

Tributes
On 31 January 2015, Google Doodle celebrated Concepción Arenal's 195th Birthday.

References

External links

 Biographical page about Concepción Arenal (in Spanish)

1820 births
1893 deaths
People from Ferrol, Spain
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Writers from Galicia (Spain)
Spanish feminists
Spanish feminist writers
19th-century Spanish people
Spanish women's rights activists
19th-century Spanish women writers
19th-century Spanish writers
Spanish suffragists

Concepción Arenal


is a 2010 Japanese drama film directed by Lee Sang-il, based on Shuichi Yoshida's crime noir novel of the same name. It was nominated for numerous awards at the 2011 Japan Academy Prize, including Best Film and Best Director (which was director Lee's second nomination, after his 2006 win for Hula Girls), and won five, which included all four acting awards and for the score by Joe Hisaishi.

Plot
Abandoned by his mother at an early age, Yuichi Shimizu (Satoshi Tsumabuki) is a young man who lives with and takes care of his grandparents in a decaying fishing village near Nagasaki. He works as a blue-collar day-labourer and leads a lonely life: his only real interest is his car.

Looking for companionship through online dating sites, Yuichi meets Yoshino Ishibashi (Hikari Mitsushima) a young insurance saleswoman from Fukuoka. But it is clear that Yoshino has no respect for Yuichi. She looks down on him, and even demands money for their encounters, which—as she candidly tells her friends—are just about sex. It becomes apparent that Yoshino keenly feels her own lack of social status (as the daughter of a barber), and has her real sights set on a spoiled rich university student by the name of Keigo Masuo (Masaki Okada), whom she met in a bar and subsequently pesters with emails.

During a fateful evening when Yoshino has just met Yuichi for one of their regular trysts (and also to collect money from him), she by chance runs into Masuo, and unceremoniously dumps Yuichi (who has driven hours from Nagasaki to see her) with hardly a word spoken. But, in his turn, Masuo has no respect for Yoshino, whom he feels is beneath him. He agrees to take her for a drive (and presumably something more), but is increasingly disgusted by her, insults her, and ends up violently throwing her out of his car on an isolated mountain road, leaving her stranded in the middle of the night. The humiliated Yuichi, however, has secretly followed the couple in his own car, and attempts to come to the aid of the abandoned Yoshino. But—far from being grateful—Yoshino scorns and abuses Yuichi in much the same way that Masuo has just scorned and abused her. The abuse turns into ugly threats, a tussle ensues, and in a fit of rage Yuichi strangles Yoshino and then flees. Since Yoshino had openly bragged to her friends beforehand that she was to meet the rich playboy Masuo that evening (and not her shameful working-class sex partner Yuichi), Masuo becomes the prime suspect in the murder. In a state of silent anguish, Yuichi attempts to go on with his daily life.

The following day, however, Yuichi receives an email. The message is from Mitsuyo Magome (Eri Fukatsu), a woman from Saga.  Yuichi and Mitsuyo had exchanged emails once before, after meeting through the same online dating site. Mitsuyo also lives a lonely and mundane life, working at a men's clothing store and living with her younger sister. Looking for companionship, Mitsuyo decided to re-contact Yuichi several months after their initial correspondence. Their first encounter is far from romantic—Yuichi is obviously troubled and only interested in sex. It seems unlikely they will meet again, but some days later he turns up at her place of work to apologise for his behaviour.

In this impossible and doomed situation, a passionate love springs up between Yuichi and Mitsuyo: they run off to a seaside resort town, where Yuichi confesses his crime to her. By this time, however, Masuo has been cleared of the murder, and evidence has surfaced of Yuichi's involvement—Yuichi is now the wanted criminal: his face appears on the news, and his family are hounded by the media.

Nevertheless, Mitsuyo persuades Yuichi to stay on the run with her and not turn himself in. This act places a heavy burden on their own families as well as the victim's family.

Themes

Even though the official English title of the film is 'Villain', the literal meaning of 悪人 is closer to 'evil person'.

An undercurrent of threatened violence runs throughout the movie, exploding without warning at key points in the story - the violence of Masuo toward Yoshino, the murder itself, the initial encounter between Yuichi and Mitsuyo, the bereaved father attacking an unsympathetic relative at the funeral wake, then stalking Masuo. And, in the end, Yuichi himself revealing his truly violent nature.

The themes of the film — class, status, the disintegration of family ties, the loneliness of modern life — are universal, and not particular to Japan. As Yoshino's father (who is perhaps the moral voice of the film) says:

Awards
34th Japan Academy Prize
Winners
Best Actor - Satoshi Tsumabuki
Best Actress - Eri Fukatsu
Best Supporting Actor - Akira Emoto
Best Supporting Actress - Kirin Kiki
Best Music - Joe Hisaishi
Nominations
Best Film
Best Director - Lee Sang-il
Best Supporting Actor - Masaki Okada
Best Supporting Actress - Hikari Mitsushima (etc.)

2010 Kinema Junpo Awards
Won: Best Film
Won: Best Director - Lee Sang-il
Won: Best Supporting Actor - Akira Emoto

65th Mainichi Film Awards
Won: Best Film

References

External links

2010 films
2010s Japanese-language films
2010 drama films
Films directed by Sang-il Lee
Best Film Kinema Junpo Award winners
Films based on Japanese novels
Films scored by Joe Hisaishi
Japanese drama films
2010s Japanese films

Villain (2010 film)


A police board, police services board, or police commission is an appointed commission of a local government charged with the responsibility of overseeing a local police force. Police boards may be required by government regulation, as they are in most of Canada, or they may be voluntarily formed by individual municipalities.

Police boards are generally established to create a degree of separation between political councils and non-political police forces, and are variously responsible for setting the policies, priorities, and budget of a police force; hiring the chief and deputy chiefs of police; determining the structure and organization of the police force; and conducting collective bargaining with police associations. Police boards are usually explicitly prohibited from making operational decisions.

Canada

British Columbia
All municipalities with a population over 5,000 are required by the British Columbia Police Act to provide for a police service.  Municipalities in this category have two options: contract with the provincial government for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police or create an independent local police agency or department.

Municipalities that choose to operate an independent police force are required to create a civilian oversight body called a "Police Board".  Members of the police board are civilian members of the community and are appointed by the Minister of Justice and Attorney General through an Order in Council. A police board usually has between five and eight members, depending on the size of the municipality.  The Mayor of the municipality is, by law, automatically the Chairperson of the board.  One other member of board is usually nominated by the municipality to represent the municipality's interest.  Board members are selected from a variety of backgrounds and are usually appointed for one or two year terms.  They may be re-appointed to a maximum of six years service. Except for the Mayor, municipal councillors may not be appointed to the municipality's police board.

The mandate of a police board is to own and operate the independent municipal police department ensuring that police independence from political interference is maintained.  The board functions as:

 the employer of both the "sworn" police officers and the civilian employees of the department and sets the priorities and develops the administrative policies of the department;
 the financial overseer and develops the annual police operating budget in consultation with the municipal council; and
 the supervisor of the Chief Constable.

The board selects and evaluates the Chief Constable and sometimes other senior departmental managers thereby allowing the board to maintain indirect control and influence over the department, although, in the same way that the police board is independent of the municipal council for policing matters, the Chief Constable is independent from the board for operational matters.

Public complaints against the police were formerly dealt with by the police board.  Since July 1, 1998, public complaints are handled by the Police Complaint Commissioner of British Columbia who, as an Officer of the Legislature, is appointed by and responsible to the legislative assembly.  Only level of service complaints and complaints against the Chief Constable are still dealt with by the police board.

Police departments may be amalgamated at the discretion of the Minister of Justice and Attorney General.  This occurred on January 1, 2003 when Esquimalt and Victoria police departments were amalgamated and a combined police board created with the mayor of Victoria as the chairperson and the mayor of Esquimalt as the vice-chairperson.  Enhanced "professional response, crime prevention and investigation in both communities" were cited as the reasons for the amalgamation.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) are contracted to provide municipal policing to 59 British Columbia municipalities including Surrey, Burnaby, Kelowna, Prince George, Kamloops and Nanaimo.  Police boards are not utilized for RCMP municipalities.

There are currently 11 municipal police boards in British Columbia:

 City of Vancouver, British Columbia - population: 569,814 - number of police officers: 1,124 - police to population ratio is 1:507
 City of Abbotsford, British Columbia - population: 127,712 - number of police officers: 158 - police to population ratio is 1:808
 District of Saanich, British Columbia - population: 107,964 - number of police officers: 141 - police to population ratio is 1:766
 District of Delta, British Columbia - population: 100,576 - number of police officers: 141 - police to population ratio is 1:713
 City of Victoria, British Columbia - population: 93,097 - number of police officers: 211 - police to population ratio is 1:441 (includes Township of Esquimalt, British Columbia)
 City of New Westminster, British Columbia - population: 59,426 - number of police officers: 106 - police to population ratio is 1:561
 District of West Vancouver, British Columbia - population: 45,212 - number of police officers: 77 - police to population ratio is 1:587
 City of Port Moody, British Columbia - population: 26,690 - number of police officers: 34 - police to population ratio is 1:785
 District of Oak Bay, British Columbia - population: 18,207 - number of police officers: 22 - police to population ratio is 1:828
 District of Central Saanich, British Columbia - population: 16,091 - number of police officers: 21 - police to population ratio is 1:766
 City of Nelson, British Columbia - population: 9,630 - number of police officers: 17 - police to population ratio is 1:566

Exception

The 12th police board is not in conformity with the above description of the Police Board and it does not have any elected representative on the board (whereas a Mayor is elected). The South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service is a regional police force for the Metro Vancouver region and its police board is made up of five civilian members (including the chair and a senior management from the South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority), a RCMP "E" Division Assistant Commander and a Vancouver Police Department Deputy Chief Constable. They are all appointed by the Minister of Justice and Attorney General through an Order in Council.

United States

Chicago, Illinois

The Chicago Police Department is administered by the Chicago Police Board.  The Board is composed of nine members, each of whom is appointed by the City's Mayor, and is responsible for nominating candidates for the position of Superintendent to the Mayor, adopting rules and regulations for the department, and handling some disciplinary cases.

See also
Police authority
Toronto Police Services Board
Law enforcement in Canada

References

Law enforcement in Canada

Police board


The Catharine Roynane Three-Decker (also spelled Ronayne) is a historic triple decker house in Worcester, Massachusetts.  It was built c. 1890, and is a well-preserved local example of the form with Queen Anne styling.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Description and history
The Catharine Roynane Three-Decker is located southeast of downtown Worcester, on the south side of Ingalls Street in the city's Oak Hill neighborhood.  It is a three-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and exterior finished in modern siding. The front facade is asymmetrical, with a full-height projecting polygonal window bay on the right, and the main entrance on the left.  The upper floors of the projecting bays have short skirts.  The entrance is sheltered by a porch extending across the bay's width, with a decorative wooden frieze below the roof between its square posts.  The building originally had other period details, including bracketing in the eaves and vertical board finish on the projecting bay, but these have been lost or obscured due to the application of modern siding.

The house was built about 1890, early in the development of Oak Hill as a streetcar suburb serving workers in the city's downtown and southern factories.  Catherine Ronayne was the first documented owner; tenants in the early decades include a machinist, firefighter, and shoe factory worker.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Worcester, Massachusetts

References

Apartment buildings in Worcester, Massachusetts
Apartment buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1890
Triple-decker apartment houses
National Register of Historic Places in Worcester, Massachusetts

Catharine Roynane Three-Decker


Three Stations is a crime novel by Martin Cruz Smith set in Russia circa 2010. It is the seventh novel to feature Detective-Investigator Arkady Renko, published 29 years after the initial novel of the Renko series, Gorky Park.

Plot
The title refers to the three Moscow railway stations, Leningrad Station, Kazansky Station and Yaroslavl Station situated on Komsomolskaya Square, also often referred to as Three Stations Square.

A teenage mother arrives at Three Stations, but her baby is stolen.   The only person to help her is Zhenya, the young chess hustler who is a sometime ward of Arkady Renko, the police investigator.  Meanwhile, Arkady tries to prove that the overdose death of a young prostitute in the station is nothing of the sort, and is suspended for his trouble.   A billionaire casino owner with financial troubles offers to hire Arkady, but the latter can trust no-one.   Thugs, dwarves, ballerinas, Central Asians and a gang of homeless tweens complicate matters still further.

Quotes from Three Stations

"It was not easy to be arrested for drunkenness. It was difficult to distinguish drunkenness from, say, sharing a bottle with friends, jolly times, sad times, saint's day, women's day, the urge to nap, the need to hold up a wall, the need to piss on the wall. It was hard to stand out as legitimately drunk when the bar was set so high."

"At Three Stations the crippled, outcast and usually hidden members of society gathered like the Court of Miracles only without the miracles."

"Fumo ergo sum…"

"…death would make up for a lifetime of sleep deprivation."

"…observant Jew who took seriously the Torah's injunction against operating equipment during Shabbos….but he nodded off during a television documentary on Putin's early years-Just Another Boy!-and awoke to a rebroadcast of the same show. He had seen the documentary six times so far. When Arkady turned off the set it was like cutting a man down from the rack."

"Someone has to point out to the blockheads in the Kremlin that we have an angry mob; only this mob is made up of the rich. Peasants are hard to rouse, but the rich have expectations."

References

External links
 Martin Cruz Smith official site

2010 American novels
Arkady Renko
Novels by Martin Cruz Smith
Novels set in Moscow
Simon & Schuster books

Three Stations


The Caro–Kann Defence is a chess opening. It begins:
1.e4 c6
Black's idea for playing c6 is to support 2...d5. Usually, the next moves are:
2.d4 d5
Common next moves are 3.Nc3 (the Modern Variation), 3.Nd2 (the Classical Variation), 3.exd5 (the Exchange Variation), or 3.e5 (the Advance Variation). 3.Nc3 is the most popular.

The Caro–Kann is an asymmetrical defence to 1.e4. These are sometimes called 'semi-open games'. The Caro–Kann is thought to be more solid and less dynamic than the Sicilian Defence and the French Defence. Games in the Caro–Kann are often quiet and positional. It may lead to good endgames for Black, who has the better pawn structure.

The opening is named after the English player Horatio Caro and the Austrian Marcus Kann, who studied the opening in 1886.

Classical or Capablanca variation
The most common way of handling the Caro–Kann, the Classical variation (often called the Capablanca variation) happens after the moves:
1.e4 c6
2.d4 d5
3.Nc3 (or 3.Nd2) dxe4
4.Nxe4 Bf5
For a long time, this was thought to be the best play for both sides in the Caro–Kann. White usually continues:
5.Ng3 Bg6
6.h4 h6
7.Nf3 Nd7
8.h5 Bh7
9.Bd3 Bxd3
10.Qxd3
Although White's pawn on h5 looks ready to attack, it can prove to be a weakness in an endgame.

This variation is why people think the Caro-Kann is a solid defence. Black has a very good pawn structure, and can play c5 at the right time to fight for the d4 square. Black can castle queenside or kingside, or even leave his king in the centre.  Black often has good chances in the because of his solid pawn structure and kingside pawn majority.

Smyslov or Modern Variation
Another line is the Modern Variation. It happens after the moves:
1.e4 c6
2.d4 d5
3.Nc3 (or 3.Nd2) dxe4
4.Nxe4 Nd7
It was played by the first World Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz. Today, the variation is called the Smyslov Variation, or more commonly, the Modern variation.

The move 4...Nd7 prepares Ngf6. If 4...Nf6 is played immediately, then White can trade knights and double Black's pawns.

The plans are similar to the Classical variation, except Black's bishop is not on the g6 square. However, this freedom comes at a cost because White is able to take up space in the center. White often plays the aggressive 5.Ng5!?, which puts pressure on the f7-square.

This variation can also lead to a quick mating trap with 5.Qe2 Ngf6?? 6.Nd6#.

4...Nf6 variations
The variations begins:
1.e4 c6
2.d4 d5
3.Nc3 dxe4
4.Nxe4 Nf6!?
5.Nxf6+

The Bronstein–Larsen Variation is after:
5...gxf6!?
Black has a worse pawn structure, and often castles queenside. However, Black does have compensation with the open g-file for the rook and active play. It is considered double-edged.

The Korchnoi Variation arises after:
5...exf6
Viktor Korchnoi has played 5...exf6 many times (including his first world championship match with Anatoly Karpov). This line has also been employed by Ulf Andersson. Black's 5...exf6 is thought to be sounder than 5...gxf6!?. It offers Black fast development, bu it gives White better pawn structure

Advance variation
The Advance variation is 3.e5:
1.e4 c6
2.d4 d5
3.e5

The main replies are:

3...Bf5 is most often played. Moves against it are aggressive lines such as the Bayonet Attack (4.Nc3 e6 5.g4), a popular line in the 1980s and later favoured by Latvian Grandmaster Alexei Shirov. A more natural development 4.Nf3 e6 5.Be2 c5 6.Be3, known as the Short Variation, was popularised by English Grandmaster Nigel Short and was often played in the 1990s.

3...c5 is an alternative which avoids the opening theory of 3...Bf5. It was used by Botvinnik in his 1961 match with Tal. In comparison to the French defense, Black gains the tempo normally spent on ...e6. However, White can counter this by opening the centre with 4. dxc5. This exposes the black pawn on d5.

3...e6 is playable, but when Black plays c5, he will be is a tempo behind the advance line of the French Defence (1.e4 e6 2.d5 d5 3.e5 c5).

Exchange Variation and Panov-Botvinnik Attack
The Exchange Variation is 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5. The Panov-Botvinnik Attack begins with the move 4.c4.

This system often leads to isolated queen's pawn (IQP) positions. White gains rapid development, a grip on e5, and kingside attacking chances to make up for the long-term weakness of the isolated d4 pawn. The common continuation in this line is 4...Nf6 5.Nc3 e6 6.Nf3. Black's main alternatives are 6...Bb4 (a position which often transposes into lines of the Nimzo-Indian defence) and 6...Be7. 6...Nc6?! is not as good because of 7.c5!, and White plans on controlling the e5-square through the advance of his b-pawn to b5, or by exchanging Black's Knight on c6 after Bb5.

The "true" Exchange Variation begins with 4.Bd3 Nc6 5.c3 Nf6 6.Bf4 Bg4 7.Qb3. It was was tried by Bobby Fischer. The position is equal. Some of the strategic ideas are silimar to the Queen's Gambit Declined, Exchange Variation, (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.cxd5 exd5) with colours reversed.

Two Knights Variation
This line is 1.e4 c6 2.Nf3 d5 3.Nc3. It was played by Bobby Fischer in his youth. White gets rapid development and has options with the d-pawn. Black's logical and probably best reply is 3...Bg4. After 4.h3 Bxf3 5.Qxf3, Black has the option of 5...Nf6 or 5...e6. 4....Bh5 is a complicated line, in which White can trap the bishop, although Black has much compensation.

The variation sets a trap: if Black plays along the lines of the Classical Variation, he gets in trouble after 3...dxe4 4.Nxe4 Bf5 (4...Nd7 is playable) 5.Ng3 Bg6?! (5...Bg4) 6.h4 h6 7.Ne5 Bh7 (7...Qd6 may be best) 8.Qh5! g6 (forced) 9.Bc4! e6 (9...gxh5?? 10.Bxf7#) 10.Qe2 with a huge advantage for White. Now 10...Qe7! is best. Instead, Lasker–Radsheer, 1908 and Alekhine-Bruce, 1938 ended quickly after, respectively, 10...Bg7?? 11.Nxf7! and 10...Nf6?? 11.Nxf7!

Other lines
White can play 2.c4. Then Black may play 2...d5 (see 1.e4 c6 2.c4 d5). This can transpose to the Panov–Botvinnik line given above, with 3.exd5 cxd5 4.d4 or White can capture twice on d5. Alternatively, Black may play 2...e5.

Also, White can play 2.Nc3. Then Black may play 2...d5. If White replies 3.d4 then we get the main Capablanca line or the Two knights variation. Or Black may play 2...g6.

The Caro–Kann can also be reached through the English Opening: 1.c4 c6 2.e4 d5.

ECO codes
The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings has ten codes for the Caro–Kann Defence, B10 to B19.

Related pages
 List of chess openings

More reading

 Martin, Andrew 2007. The ABC of the Caro Kann. ChessBase Publications. Fritz Trainer DVD.

Also, more advanced:

References

Chess openings

Caro–Kann Defence


The Jewell Town District of South Hampton, New Hampshire, encompasses a colonial-era industrial village with a history dating to 1687.  It is centered at the junction of West Whitehall and Jewell Streets, which is just south of a bend in the Powwow River, the source of the power for the mills that were built here.  The area was settled in 1687 by Thomas Jewell, and by the early 19th century included a variety of mills as well as a bog iron works.  The district now includes only remnants of its industrial past, and features a collection of 18th and early-19th century residential architecture.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Description and history
Jewell Town is located in central southern South Hampton, hugging the state line with Massachusetts.  It is now a largely rural residential area, with farmland and former farmland and woodlands predominating the landscape.  The historic district is about  in size, and extends along West Whitehall Road from crossing point of the state line in the west, to a triangular junction with Jewell Street and Whitehall Road in the east.  This junction is between two bridges across the Powwow River, and is the most densely built part of the district.  West Whitehall Road is sparsely lined with houses ranging in age from about 1740 to the 20th century.  All are wood frame structure, 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories in height, and the majority were built before about 1850 in Colonial, Federal and Greek Revival styles.  Later constructions are in more vernacular forms, although there is one early 20th-century Colonial Revival house.

The area was first settled in 1687 by Thomas Jewell. The waters of the Powwow River were recognized from an early date as a useful source of power, and the bend on the Powwow River was the site of most of South Hampton's 18th-century industry.  Industries in the area included several sawmills, a gristmill, fulling mill, and an iron works.  In the 19th century more specialized businesses arose, included manufacturers of pails, matches, and axles.  Water-based industry was effectively killed when the Salisbury Mill Company, located just to the south in Amesbury, Massachusetts, bought up all of the water rights and reserved them for its own use.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockingham County, New Hampshire

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1687
Historic districts in Rockingham County, New Hampshire
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, New Hampshire
South Hampton, New Hampshire
1687 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies

Jewell Town District


Carmita Jiménez (August 3, 1939 – August 10, 2003) was a Puerto Rican singer who was considered a diva in Puerto Rico. She was born in San Lorenzo. Carmita Jiménez started her singing career at the young age of six, on the radio show named El Abuelito Welch (Grandpa Welch) with another legendary Puerto Rican show business legend, José Miguel Agrelot. This show, as its name suggested, was sponsored by the Welch's grape juice brand.

At 15, Jimenez performed the Habanera from Bizet's opera Carmen. Soon after, she joined popular music groups like the Moncho Usera orchestra, and then she released her first album, which contained the hit Tierra Rica (Rich Earth).

During the 1960s, Jimenez became a popular fixture on Puerto Rico's television and enjoyed great renown. She decided then that it was time to internationalize her career and moved to Peru in 1961, to promote herself in South America. Her stay in Peru, which lasted until 1968, made her very popular among the citizens of that country too. There she gave birth to her only daughter, María Nahíma, who as her mother, began singing professionally since a child.  Carmita kept on releasing albums and scoring more hits.

After she returned to Puerto Rico in 1968, she landed her own section on WAPA-TV's popular lunch-time show El Show Del Mediodia.

During the 1970s, Carmita became a part of the Disco Music movement in her country, and had the number one hit La Generacion De Hoy (Today's Generation), produced by Alfred D. Herger, which was followed by La Vida En Rosa (Life In Pink), a song which was later a hit in English too, Grace Jones performing the English version.

Jimenez began bringing down her yearly number of appearances since 1985, becoming a more private person.  In September 1990 she debuted as a stage actress in the San Juan premiere production of Rodolfo Santana's "Baño de Damas", with an all-star cast that included Gladys Rodriguez, Giselle Blondet, Marisol Calero, and Johanna Rosaly.  In February 1991 she returned to the stage as Sister Mary Hubert (Sor María José) in the San Juan premiere production of Dan Goggins' musical comedy "Sor-Presas" (Nunsense).  Both productions played at the historic Tapia Theater in Old San Juan.  In 1994, she participated in a concert named Algo Mas Que Una Cantante (More Than Just a Singer) at San Juan's Centro de Bellas Artes, a concert which reunited many international singing super-stars.

As it turned out, there was a reason for her winding down the number of public appearances each year: In 2002, she announced during an interview with Vea that she had been diagnosed with cancer in 1985. The fact is that the cancer she had for almost 20 years had spread into bone metastasis and she battled it all that time.  She tried several cures, including a 4 month-visit to a private clinic in Switzerland with her daughter, singer and lyricist Maria Nahima.  Carmita died at her home in Caguas, Puerto Rico after succumbing to breast cancer. She was buried at Cementerio Borinquen Memorial Park I in Caguas, Puerto Rico.
One of the rooms at the  (a performing arts center in Caguas which underwent major renovations after Hurricane Maria) is named after Carmita Jiménez.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

1939 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in Puerto Rico
People from San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico
20th-century Puerto Rican women singers
20th-century Puerto Rican singers
Puerto Rican television personalities

Carmita Jiménez


Lt. Gen. Ronald T. Kadish, Ret. (born April 6, 1948) is a United States Air Force officer who rose to head the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization and the Missile Defense Agency within the United States Department of Defense.

Biography
Born in Kingston, Pennsylvania, Kadish attended the Cardinal O'Hara High School and earned a bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1970 from St. Joseph's University in Philadelphia and joined the Air Force through the OTS program. He trained as a pilot on the C-130E aircraft and, as a pilot and instructor, logged over 2,500 flight hours.

By the early 1990s, Kadish had risen through the ranks to the posts of Program Director of the F-15, F-16, and C-17 programs at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. From 1996 to 1999, he commanded the Electronic Systems Center at Hanscom Air Force Base, and in 1999 was named director of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization in The Pentagon.

From January 2002 until his retirement in September 2004, Kadish headed the Missile Defense Agency. His name was circulated as a possible NASA administrator following the 2004 resignation of Sean O'Keefe. He now works at Booz Allen Hamilton.

Awards and decorations

External links

References

United States Air Force generals
1948 births
Living people
Saint Joseph's University alumni
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Missile Defense Agency
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Booz Allen Hamilton people

Ronald T. Kadish


Des Plaines Public Library is a public library serving the city of Des Plaines, Illinois. It is located at 1501 Ellinwood Street, in Des Plaines, Illinois.

History

The construction of a library in Des Plaines was first proposed in 1896, but was defeated by a vote of 142 to 50. In 1904, a subscription library called the Tabard Inn was established in F.C. Walton's drugstore on Ellinwood Street in Des Plaines, Illinois, with F.C. Walton himself paying for most of the service, and in April 1905, another proposition to establish a Free Public Library finally carried by a majority vote. Prior to approval of the library proposition, Dr. Clarence A. Earle corresponded with philanthropist Andrew Carnegie asking him to fund the building of a library, resulting in a $5,000.00 construction grant. The first Library Board meeting was held on May 2, 1906, in the Village Hall located at the corner of Ellinwood and Lee Streets in Des Plaines, Illinois.

The first Des Plaines Public Library building was constructed on the corner of Miner Street and Graceland Avenue, and was dedicated on October 5, 1907. Mrs. Sarah Weeks was the first librarian, receiving a salary of $10 per month and remaining in the position until 1915. The library's initial collection consisted of 725 books, and business hours were Tuesday and Saturday from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 p.m.

In 1936, the city council announced a plan to construct a new municipal building on the library site. The project received financing through the WPA. During construction of the new city hall and municipal building, the library took up residence on the first floor of the former Des Plaines State Bank.

The new Municipal Building was dedicated on June 29, 1937. The building housed the library in the west wing, City Hall in the center, and a fire station in the east wing. The library featured 7,000 books and  of shelving. The modern equipment included slant-top tables for the children, indirect lighting, and angled racks to display periodicals. Special features included an office for the librarian and headquarters for the Girl Scouts of the USA. In 1951 a children's room was opened in the basement.

In 1957, ground was broken for a new  library at the corner of Thacker Street and Graceland Avenue. The Colonial Williamsburg-style building was dedicated on November 2, 1958. A small addition to the library was built in 1970 to house the bookmobile and provide additional staff office space. Construction of another addition, this one being , completed in 1974 resulting in a near doubling of the size of the library. On June 19, 1969, the first library bookmobile began biweekly service to each of the city's neighborhoods, in an effort to meet the needs of the expanding population.

In 1990, the bookmobile was replaced by a new Mobile Library. The Mobile Library made over forty stops in its two-week rotation. In addition to neighborhood stops, it visited preschools, elementary schools and senior centers.

In May 1997, Library Board President John Burke met with Mayor Paul Jung to discuss the possibility of a new library becoming an anchor for the downtown redevelopment project. The City Council, the Library Board of Trustees, the Economic Development Commission, and the developer spent the next 18 months working out the details of making the new library a reality. Ground was broken for the new library on April 15, 1999. The four story,  library building was designed by Lohan and Associates and constructed by Leopardo Construction. The approximate dimensions of the building are 152'-4" feet wide, 150'-8" feet deep, and  tall. The north face of the building features aluminum accent panels in aged or patina copper with relief work representing open books. Within the bands, "Des Plaines Library" is spelled out in binary code. The new library opened on August 14, 2000.

The library building contains major artworks by Fred Nagelbach, Pae White, Robert Jessup, Michael Hayden and Kristina Lucas, and Joe Walters, funded by donations from community residents and organizations.

The Des Plaines Public Library celebrated its Centennial anniversary in the year 2007, with a number of special events, promotions and exhibits. The library loans over one million items to library patrons and receives over 500,000 visits annually. The library's collections hold over 360,000 items at any one time. The library also offers downloadable books, music, films, magazines and comics to its cardholders.

The Friends of the Des Plaines Public Library organization was founded in 1964. Their regular book sales fund many public programs and special library projects. In 2004, the Friends donated a bronze sculpture of young Abraham Lincoln to the library. This sculpture was originally designed by Guido Rebechini in the 1930s.

Mobile library service was retired in January 2012. In 2014, the Youth Services department began a three-year project to create an expanded early literacy center for families of small children on the second floor. The architect for this project was Product Architecture and Design. In 2015, the library began a renovation of multiple spaces throughout the building, working with Lohan Anderson, Troop Contracting and Thomas Interior Systems. The library will spend $2.4 million of reserve funds to create new instruction, programming, teen, and other public spaces in the building.

Current operation
The current Des Plaines Public Library is located at:
1501 Ellinwood Street
Des Plaines, IL 60016

Library hours are: 9 am to 9 pm—Monday through Friday,
9 am to 5 pm—Saturday, 1 to 5 pm—Sunday.

The Des Plaines Library has approximately 35,000 cardholders and circulated  666,541 physical and e-materials in 2021.

References

External links

Des Plaines, Illinois
Library buildings completed in 1907
Library buildings completed in 1937
Library buildings completed in 2000
Public libraries in Illinois
Carnegie libraries in Illinois
Libraries in Cook County, Illinois

Des Plaines Public Library


Banaskantha district is one of the thirty-three districts of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Palanpur, which is also its largest city. The district is located in the Northeast of Gujarat and is presumably named after the West Banas River which runs through the valley between Mount Abu and Aravalli Range, flowing to the plains of Gujarat in this region and towards the Rann of Kutch. The district is famous for the Ambaji temple which draws many tourists. It covers an area of 12703  km2 and is the second largest district in the state. It is one of the thirty-three districts of Gujarat.

Banaskantha shares its borders with Rajasthan state in the North, Sabarkantha district in East, Kutch district in West and Patan district and Mehsana district in the South.

Districts of Gujarat

Banaskantha District


Benjamin Franklin Thorne (June 16, 1930 – March 7, 2021) was an American comic book artist-writer, best known for the Marvel Comics character Red Sonja.

Comics
Thorne began his comics career in 1948, penciling romance comics for Standard Comics. After graduation, he drew the Perry Mason newspaper strip for King Features, which was followed by more comic book work for Dell Comics. He turned out a multitude of stories for Flash Gordon, Jungle Jim, The Green Hornet, Tom Corbett Space Cadet, Tomahawk, Mighty Samson, Enemy Ace and numerous others. Thorne drew the syndicated comic strip Dr. Guy Bennett / Dr. Duncan from 1956 to 1963 for LaFave Newspaper Features.

Originally drawn by Barry Windsor-Smith for Conan the Barbarian, Red Sonja was transposed from a minor Robert E. Howard 16th-century gunslinger character ("Red Sonya") to a mainstay of the sword and sorcery Conan canon by Roy Thomas. After the character was spun off into a solo feature, Thorne succeeded penciler Dick Giordano in drawing her for Marvel Feature #2 (Jan. 1976), continuing through most of her 1977-79 solo series, Red Sonja.

Thorne subsequently created a number of erotic fantasy comics and characters, alongside other works. His works include creating, writing and drawing the features "Moonshine McJugs" for Playboy, "Lann" in Heavy Metal, and "Danger Rangerette" in National Lampoon, and the 1989 miniseries Ribit! for (Comico), as well as the Fantagraphics Books graphic novels Ghita of Alizarr, The Iron Devil, The Devil's Angel, and The Illustrated History of Union County.

Publishing company Hermes Press has reprinted Lann, Ribit! and Ghita of Alizarr; the latter being reprinted as an archival, nearly full-sized reproduction of the original art.

Controversy
Prosecutors in the Planet Comics and Science Fiction Store obscenity case in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 1995–1996 confiscated Thorne's The Devil's Angel, among other creators' works, as alleged child pornography.

Other media
Thorne wrote and produced the documentary Two Lords and a Lady, about Elizabeth Lee "Aunt Betty" Frazee and The Battle of the Short Hills. He wrote the books The Barrington Hall Sketchbook, Drawing Sexy Women, The Crystal Ballroom, and The Alizarrian Trilogy: Nymph, all published by Fantagraphics Books., also Frank Thorne's Battling Beauties (with Howard Leroy Davis as co-writer and which includes Sylph from The Alizarrian Trilogy), Frank Thorne's Ribit, Frank Thornre's Lann, all published by Hermes Press. His work as a writer-illustrator has appeared in Playboy, Hustler, Golden Magazine, High Times, and Vanity Fair.

Awards
Thorne's awards include a 1963 National Cartoonists Society award in the Comic Book Division, the 1978 San Diego Inkpot Award, the Playboy editorial award for best comic for Moonshine McJugs, Warren Magazine's Best Comic for Ghita of Alizarr, NJ Art Director's Club.

Personal life
Thorne was known during the 1970s for attending comic book conventions in his persona as The Wizard judging Red Sonja Lookalike Contests. He was born in Rahway, New Jersey, and as of 2010 lived in Scotch Plains, New Jersey.

Thorne wanted to be known as a master in all aspects of cartooning and illustration. This lifetime pursuit was completed with his humorous Moonshine McJuggs cartoons published in Playboy. He acknowledged that he could not have done all that he had done without the support of Marilyn, his wife of sixty-nine years. Despite the controversial nature of some of his material her support was unwavering. This enabled Thorne to work in every area of cartooning and illustration from Sunday School pamphlets to pornography.[11]

He and Marilyn died on the same day: March 7, 2021.

References

11 ^ Part of Howard Leroy Davis interviews for  Frank Thorne's Battling Beauties. Hermes Press.

External links
 Accessed March 20, 2008.

1930 births
2021 deaths
American comics artists
American comics writers
Silver Age comics creators
People from Rahway, New Jersey
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey

Frank Thorne


Janus and Taurus were two shunting locomotives by the Yorkshire Engine Company and loaned to British Railways for demonstrations. However, BR did not buy any production versions after testing. At least one other Yorkshire Engine Company locomotive was loaned to British Railways in the 1960s.

YEC locomotives
C locomotives
Janus

British Rail Janus


Florelle (born Odette Élisa Joséphine Marguerite Rousseau, 9 August 1898 – 28 September 1974) was a French soprano singer and actress. She gained fame as Polly Peachum in the French film The Threepenny Opera, after which she had numerous other film roles. In the 1940s, she retired from the stage, but continued to make film appearances during the war.

Early life
She was born as Odette Élisa Joséphine Marguerite Rousseau on 9 August 1898 in Les Sables-d'Olonne, Vendée. She came from a wealthy family living in the district of La Chaume, the oldest in the town of Sables-d'Olonne. Her father, an employee of the town hall, left his job to go into business and the family came to live in Paris; her mother worked at the café La Cigale.

Career
Odette began her stage career at the age of 13, singing at the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique and the Moulin Rouge. She is notably the partner of Raimu beginning in a sketch entitled "Le Marseillais et la Parigote". She worked in different establishments, then, in 1914, left for her first tour abroad with the troupe of "L'Européen"; It was then that she adopted the pseudonym of Florelle, named after a singer in the troupe, Jean Flor. The tour was interrupted at the beginning of August in Vienna, Austria, by the outbreak of World War I.

After the war, she was noticed by Maurice Chevalier, with whom she participated in three films in the early 1920s. Florelle nevertheless remained attached to the music hall; in 1925, she was chosen as an understudy for Mistinguett and as such was the leader of the Moulin-Rouge review "This is Paris" in a tour of South America.  Back in Paris, she conducted a second version of "This is Paris" from 1927;  in 1928–29, she again toured internationally in Europe;  It was then that she was noticed by the Austrian filmmaker Georg Wilhelm Pabst.

During the 1930s, she devoted herself a lot to the cinema, where her activity was intense from 1930 to 1936;  after L'Opéra de quat'sous, she toured again with Pabst (L'Atlantide), but also with Robert Siodmak (Tumultes), Raymond Bernard ( Les Misérables), Fritz Lang (Liliom) and Jean Renoir (The Crime of Monsieur Lange).  On stage, in 1934 she played the title role of the musical Marie Galante by Jacques Deval, in which she found the music of Kurt Weill, but which does not meet with success.  She records several discs, whether or not related to the films she was filming.

Florelle's career subsequently declined: with her only notable post-war film was Gervaise (1956) by René Clément.

Death
She lived for a few years running a café in Sables-d'Olonne.  She returned to Paris for a while, then returned to Les Sables, living until her death in La Roche-sur-Yon, Vendée, at age 76 in a certain oblivion and, it seems, in poverty.

Selected filmography

References

External links

Florelle – Cinémathèque française
Photographs and literature

1898 births
1974 deaths
People from Les Sables-d'Olonne
French film actresses
French silent film actresses
20th-century French actresses

Florelle


Juan Kachmanian (April 6, 1930 – January 9, 2020) was an Argentine-American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Pampero Firpo.

Early life
Kachmanian was born on April 6, 1930, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were of Armenian descent and born in Turkey. His father was sent to Greece in an orphanage run by the British Red Cross. The Pampero Firpo name was appealing to Kachmanian as his father was a 'real shooter' and was a contender for the Olympics. Firpo's father later moved from Greece to Lebanon and then to Argentina, where he became a local boxing promoter.

Professional wrestling career
Having been trained by Rudy Dusek, he made his debut in 1953 and wrestled variously as Ervan the Armenian, Ivan the Terrible, The Missing Link, The Great Pampero and the Wild Bull of the Pampas, as well as his most famous alter-ego of Pampero Firpo. Boxing great Jack Dempsey gave him the name "Pampero Firpo." Until then he had been wrestling as Ivan The Terrible. He was looking for a gimmick and Dempsey, recalling one of his famous opponents in the 1920s, Argentine boxer "Wild Bull of the Pampas" Luis Ángel Firpo, suggested that the grappler be billed as Firpo's son.

An early pioneer of hardcore wrestling, Kachmanian usually wrestled as a heel, although he would go on to have a run as a face after being fireballed by The Sheik. The bushy-haired Firpo packed a powerful punch with his stocky, 5–8, 230-pound frame, engaging in bloody feuds with stars such as The Sheik, Bobo Brazil, Johnny Valentine, Wild Bull Curry, The Crusher and The Mighty Igor, with most of his victories coming from a crushing bear hug or a dreaded claw hold that he called "El Garfio," a trademark death grip that would allegedly render his opponents unconscious.

It was in his homeland of Argentina where Firpo, while staying at a hotel frequented by the ruling Perón family, was introduced to "Chimu," purportedly the shrunken head of a tribal leader from Ecuador. According to the story, a tribesman had been so impressed with Firpo's strength and athletic ability that he awarded the grappler the macabre oddity. Firpo would later put the shrunken head to good use, enhancing his image as a heel of the first order by talking to and rubbing the head during interviews while promising the destruction of his opponents.

In 1972, Pampero Firpo captured the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) twice after defeating Bobo Brazil on both occasions - on August 12 and October 28, respectively. Both title reigns were ended by Bobo Brazil in return matches with the championship on the line. Firpo would go on to win the championship one more time on July 17, 1976, from then 9-time NWA United States Heavyweight Champion The Sheik. Firpo would hold onto the championship until October 16, 1976, when he lost it to Don Kent. Firpo was a mainstay in Detroit for the Big Time Wrestling promotion alongside The Sheik and Bobo Brazil.

Also, in 1972, Firpo wrestled six matches with the World Wide Wrestling Federation, now known as WWE. He competed with and defeated Manuel Soto, Rene Goulet, Ben Justice, and Chief Jay Strongbow in matchups at Madison Square Garden in New York. On May 22, 1972, Firpo competed for the WWWF Heavyweight Title against Pedro Morales at Madison Square Garden, but was defeated. Firpo would have a second chance at the championship two months later in Philadelphia, on July 8, 1972, against Morales in another losing effort.

Other titles Firpo held in his career were the NWA World Tag Team Championship (Texas version), the NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship and the NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship, as well as being the inaugural holder of the NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship. Kachmanian popularized the drawn-out catchphrase 'ohhh yeah!' which would later become associated with Randy Savage.

After January 1981, Kachmanian stopped actively competing after a tour of Japan in the fall of 1980 and a quick stint in California in January 1981. He retired from professional wrestling on October 17, 1986, after competing in 8,882 matches, after last competing for All-California Championship Wrestling in 1986 and winning the ACCW Heavyweight Championship.

Personal life
Kachmanian became an American citizen in 1965 and named it as one of his proudest moments. He visited five continents, 21 countries, and became fluent in eight languages.

Kachmanian's working days didn't end once his 33-year wrestling career was over. He spent the next 25 years working for the United States Postal Service in San Jose, California, retiring at the age of 78. Kachmanian had three children, John, Juli, and Mary, and resided in an assisted living facility in Campbell, California. He died of natural causes on January 9, 2020, in Campbell, California.

Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Association
Nebraska Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
All-California Championship Wrestling
ACCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time) 1986
Big Time Wrestling
NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (Detroit version) (3 times)
Cauliflower Alley Club
Other honoree (2001)
Jim Crockett Promotions
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (1 time) - with Larry Hamilton
Mid-Pacific Promotions
NWA Hawaii Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA Hawaii Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Neff Maiava (1) and Jim Hady (1, as Missing Link)
NWA Hollywood Wrestling
NWA Americas Heavyweight Championship (3 times, first)
NWA Americas Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Jack Evans
Pacific Northwest Wrestling
NWA Pacific Northwest Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2018
Southwest Sports/NWA Big Time Wrestling
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Tony Borne
World Wrestling Council
WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

External links
  - ran by his daughter, Mary

1930 births
2020 deaths
20th-century professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Argentine emigrants to the United States
Argentine male professional wrestlers
Argentine people of Armenian descent
Armenian professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from California
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires
Sportspeople from San Jose, California
Ethnic Armenian sportspeople
WWC Puerto Rico Champions
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champions
NWA Americas Tag Team Champions
NWA Americas Heavyweight Champions
NWA Texas Heavyweight Champions
NWA United States Heavyweight Champions (Detroit version)

Pampero Firpo


Alexenia Dimitrova (Bulgarian: Алексения Димитрова) is a Bulgarian journalist and author who started her career in the late 1980s. She works for 24 chasa, the second largest Bulgarian daily. Her favorite topics are secret archives of the Cold War era, shadow affairs and corruption, money laundering, suspicious ownership and property, and secret societies. She profiled finding and reuniting lost people all over the world. For her series of publications about missing persons that started in July 2002, she received Chernorizets Hrabar (Bulgaria's most prestigious award for investigative journalism) in November 2004. She was nominated for the same award in 2003.

Dimitrova has published more than 4,000 stories in 40 media in Bulgaria, the USA, Russia, and Great Britain. Her book The Iron Fist - Inside the Bulgarian and American Secret Archives was published in March 2005 in London and in English by Artnik Publishing. The same book (under the title The War of the Spies) was published in Bulgaria in October 2005.

Early life
Dimitrova graduated from Sofia University in 1986 and has specializations on journalism in the World Press Institute, the University of Missouri, Reuters, European Center for Journalism (Netherlands), and Danish School of Journalism. Dimitrova is a licensed lecturer in journalistic investigations in Bulgaria within the framework of SouthEast European Network for Professionalism in the Media.

Career
She worked as a local trainer for the BBC on investigative journalism during a 3-year project implementing the Self-regulation and Code of Ethics of Bulgarian Media. She is one of 12 members of the Press Complaint Commission in Bulgaria.

She has spoken at seminars and other events of investigative journalism in Bulgaria, Denmark, Croatia, Netherlands, Austria, Moldavia, Armenia, Slovenia, Germany, Bosnia, Albania, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

She is a member of the union of Bulgarian journalists, the Investigative Journalists Association; International Federation of Journalists (IFJ); and is a founding member of South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO).

Affiliations with former communist secret service agencies
In December 2009 Dimitrova (agent "Vladimir") was exposed as one of the Bulgarian print journalists who were operatives of the Committee for State Security – the secret police and intelligence of the former communist regime. Others included the former Editor-in-Chief of 24 Chasa Daily, Valeri Naydenov, (under the name "Sasho") and fellow journalist Pencho Kovachev (agent "Maxim"), who also worked for 24 Chasa Daily.

Dmitrova contributed from June 15, 1988, to January 21, 1990 - a department whose main goal was the ideological control over the intelligentsia, universities and clergy of communist Bulgaria.

Controversies
Dimitrova's communist past remains controversial to Bulgarian independent media because of her continued cooperation with independent Western European media organizations, whose core values do not require their members to avoid collaboration with former communist secret services.

References

External links
More about Dimitrova
Interview with Dimitrova regarding Saxe-Coburg becoming Prime Minister
Sophie Echo interview with Dimitrove regarding her new book, "The Murder Bureau"
Dimitrova interview, The Telegraph
Dimitrova interview, International Spy Museum
Dimitrova interview, EurActiv

Investigative journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bulgarian women writers
Bulgarian women journalists

Alexenia Dimitrova


Michael James MacKenzie Mayer (born 16 April 1977) is a former professional rugby union player who played centre at Bristol, Leeds and representing Scotland.

Early life
Jamie Mayer was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Merchiston Castle School, George Watson's College and played for Scottish schools. He studied at Napier University.

Club career
He established himself at centre for Edinburgh Reivers. Mayer moved to Leeds from Bristol in 2001, he stayed for one season and scored six tries in the 12 games that he played. Mayer made his debut against Bath and scored his first try against Pontypridd. A strong runner and powerful defender he was hoping to establish himself and Leeds in the top flight and also regain his position in the Scottish international ranks. Mayer's first season ended unhappily with him sustaining a severe hamstring injury just as he was beginning to cement a starting spot in the team and running into some form and a few tries. He struggled with fitness and suffered with injuries leading him to give up professional rugby where upon he returned to Watsonians to see out the remainder of his playing years.

International career
Mayer won 8 caps between 1998 and 2000.

After rugby
After his rugby career had ended early due to injury, he worked as an investment management consultant in Edinburgh.He has 4children. Twins Mollie and Max were born in 2004 and second set of twins Charlie and Jack were born in 2005.

References

External links
Jamie Mayer on Sporting Heroes

1977 births
Living people
Scottish rugby union players
People educated at Merchiston Castle School
People educated at George Watson's College
Rugby union players from Edinburgh
Alumni of Edinburgh Napier University
Scotland international rugby union players
Rugby union centres
1999 Rugby World Cup players

Jamie Mayer


In mathematics, a root of a function f is a number x that turns the value of f to 0:

Because polynomials are also functions, roots are real things.

The fundamental theorem of algebra says every polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one (complex) root. Using the fundamental theorem of algebra and the polynomial remainder theorem together shows that every complex polynomial of degree n has exactly n complex roots, and some of them may be equal.

Algebra
Functions and mappings

Root of a function


David Barton (December 14, 1783September 28, 1837) was one of the first U.S. senators from Missouri, serving from 1821 to 1831.

Barton was born near Greeneville, Tennessee, then part of North Carolina. He moved to St. Louis in 1809. In 1812, he joined Nathan Boone's company of mounted rangers. Later stints with the rangers helped to make Barton popular in the region.

He became a major political presence in early Missouri, serving as attorney general, president of the state's constitutional convention, speaker of the Missouri territorial House of Representatives, and as one of its first pair of U.S. senators. Barton County, Missouri is named for him.

He was the brother of Joshua Barton, the first Missouri Secretary of State. David opposed the reappointment of William Rector to the Office of Surveyor General for Missouri, Illinois and Arkansas, saying that Rector was using his relatives for surveying positions and paying them too much while Rector was surveying the Louisiana Purchase. Joshua published the charges in the St. Louis Republican under the signature of "Philo." Rector's brother Thomas Rector challenged Joshua to a duel in 1823 on Bloody Island (Mississippi River) and killed Joshua.  President James Monroe did not reappoint Rector.

Barton switched parties three times in his political life.  He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835.

References

External links

1783 births
1837 deaths
People from Greeneville, Tennessee
American people of Irish descent
Missouri Democratic-Republicans
Missouri National Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from Missouri
National Republican Party United States senators from Missouri
Missouri state senators

David Barton (politician)


James Brian Pekol (born May 4, 1961) is an American musician originally from Wausau, Wisconsin.

He graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point with a degree in Bachelor of Music Education with an emphasis in saxophone. He then taught Grade 5-8 instrumental music for 19 years in the Wisconsin public schools. He started playing in the Wausau Concert Band in 1979, and has been the conductor since 2005. He also performs vocally and instrumentally in numerous professional and community groups.

A published composer and arranger, Pekol has written for many diverse types of groups, including band and orchestra, as well as arrangements for Jazz, Dixieland, and dance bands.

While growing up in Wausau, he was educated in the Wausau School system and began his performing career as a piano player with the "Swingin' Scots", a middle school Dixieland band under the direction of John Muir Middle School band director Raymond "Bud" Rozelle. While in high school he began playing clarinet, sax, trumpet, accordion, and piano in some of the local polka/dance bands, including the "Greiner Brothers Orchestra" (1976-1984) and the "Jerry Goetsch Orchestra" (1985-1992).

In 1979 Pekol formed his own Slovenian-style polka band in which he played the on accordion, with John Greiner on piano and later Denis Burgess on drums and Marilyn Baer on banjo. This band was known for its Slovenian beat, variety of music and well-blended vocal harmonies. The band appeared in a Trucktoberfest TV commercial for Brickner Motors of Wausau, performed as the house band at the Telemark Ski Lodge in Cable, WI, and performed with "America's Polka King" Frank Yankovic from 1986 to 1996.

Pekol and his wife Marilyn have two sons, Brian and Bob. Brian is also a professional musician in Minneapolis.

References

External links
 https://polkamart.com/Biographies/Jim-Pekol-and-his-Orchestra

American accordionists
Polka musicians
People from Wausau, Wisconsin
Living people
1961 births
Musicians from Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point alumni
21st-century accordionists

Jim Pekol


A  (, ) was a public official in Ancient Rome. A quaestor did different jobs at different times in Roman history. In the Roman Kingdom, quaestors were appointed by the king to investigate murders. In the Roman Republic, quaestors supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. It was the lowest ranking position in the public service. Because of this many people wanting to become politicians became quaestors as a first step in their career. In the Roman Empire, quaestors were at first relaced by the  (prefect). Later quaestors became a position appointed by the emperor to lead the imperial council and deal with petitioners.

In modern Italy and Romania, a quaestor is a senior ranking officer on the police force. In some organizations, a quaestor is in charge of the finances, similar to a treasurer in other organizations.

References

Ancient Rome
Public administration

Quaestor


Antonio Remiro Brotóns (born 17 September 1945) is a Spanish international lawyer and academic. He is an emeritus professor of public international law at the Autonomous University of Madrid and a member of the Institut de Droit International and the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Career

Remiro Brotóns was born in 1945 Elche, Spain. He received a LL.D. from the University of Bologna in 1969 while residing in the Collegio di Spagna. He defended a thesis entitled Il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionale americana nel quadro dell'Organizzazione degli Stati Americani e della carta delle Nazione Unite. This earned Remiro Brotóns the 1969 "Vittorio Emanuele II" prize for best thesis of the Faculty of Law of University of Bologna. From 1971 to 1981, he taught at the University of Murcia, where he became a professor and was appointed dean of the Faculty of Law and vice-chancellor of the university. Since 1981, Remiro Brotóns is a professor of public international law at the Autonomous University of Madrid. Here he served as dean from 1983 to 1985.

Remiro Brotóns has been counsel and lawyer for many governments, including the Spanish government, in the area of public international law. He has defended El Salvador, Nicaragua, Bolivia and his native Spain in contentious cases before the International Court of Justice. He also was counsel and lawyer for Argentina during the aftermath of the Laguna del Desierto incident.

Remiro Brotóns has been a lecturer at several research and higher education institutions, among them Panthéon-Assas University, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, El Colegio de México and the Hague Academy of International Law. In 2010, he received a degree honoris causa from the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo due to his contributions to international law in Latin America. He is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts.

Other

Remiro Brotóns has appeared in Spanish television and radio multiple times. From 1990 to 1992, he presented Telecinco's daily news bulletin on international politics Entre Hoy y Mañana. Remiro Brotóns taught law to Felipe VI of Spain during 1992 and 1993. He is a member of the Board of Editors of Oxford Bibliography On Line: International Law.

References

1945 births
Living people
People from Elche
20th-century Spanish lawyers
Academic staff of the Autonomous University of Madrid
Academic staff of the University of Murcia

Antonio Remiro Brotóns


David Jude Heyworth Law (born 29 December 1972) is an English actor. He began his career in theatre before landing small roles in various British television productions and feature films, later gaining recognition for his role in Anthony Minghella's The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and was nominated for an Academy Award.

Law found further critical and commercial success in Steven Spielberg's A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Sam Mendes' Road to Perdition (2002), Minghella's Cold Mountain (2003), for which he earned Academy Award and BAFTA nominations, in addition to the drama Closer (2004) and the romantic comedy The Holiday (2006). He would go on to take various roles, including Dr. Watson in Sherlock Holmes (2009) and Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011), a younger Albus Dumbledore in Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018) and Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022), and Yon-Rogg in Captain Marvel (2019); all of which rank among his highest-grossing releases. Other notable roles include in Contagion (2011), Hugo (2011), Side Effects (2013), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Spy (2015); and the television series The Young Pope (2016) and The New Pope (2020).

In addition to his film work, Law has performed in several West End and Broadway productions including Les Parents terribles in 1994, Hamlet in 2010, and Anna Christie in 2011.

Law has received multiple awards and nominations, including a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and the Honorary César. He has been nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, as well as a total of two Academy Awards, two Tony Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards. Additionally, Law was named a knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government.

Early life
Law was born on 29 December 1972 in the Lewisham district of London, to Peter Robert Law and Margaret Anne Heyworth, both teachers who married five years prior. His father later became, according to Law, "the youngest headmaster in London". His mother was adopted but was later reunited with her Welsh birth mother, Meinwen Parry. He has an elder sister, Natasha. Law was named David after one of his parents' best friends, but called by his middle name since birth. The name Jude was taken from "a bit of both" the book Jude the Obscure and the Beatles song "Hey Jude". He grew up in Blackheath, an area in the borough of Greenwich, and was educated at John Ball Primary School in Blackheath and temporarily attended Kidbrooke School, before attending Alleyn's School.

Career

1987–1999: Early work and breakthrough
Law began acting in 1987 with the National Youth Music Theatre. He played various roles in the Edinburgh Fringe-awarded play The Ragged Child. One of his first major stage roles was Foxtrot Darling in Philip Ridley's The Fastest Clock in the Universe. Law went on to appear as Michael in the 1994 West End rendition of Jean Cocteau's tragicomedy Les Parents terribles, directed by Sean Mathias. This performance earned him a Laurence Olivier Award nomination for Outstanding Newcomer, and he received the Ian Charleson Award for Outstanding Newcomer. Following a title change to Indiscretions, the play was reworked and transferred to Broadway in 1995, where Law acted opposite Kathleen Turner, Roger Rees and Cynthia Nixon. This role earned him a Tony Award nomination and the Theatre World Award.

In 1989, Law received his first television role in a film based on the Beatrix Potter children's book, The Tailor of Gloucester. Following this, he took on minor roles in various British television series, including a two-year stint in the Granada TV produced ITV soap opera Families. He also appeared in the episode "Shoscombe Old Place" in ITV's Sherlock Holmes, and he played the leading role in the BFI/Channel 4 short The Crane (1992).

In 1994, Law appeared in his first major leading film role with the British crime drama Shopping, which also starred his then future wife, Sadie Frost. He later gained prominence for his role in the Oscar Wilde biopic Wilde (1997), for which he won the Evening Standard British Film Award for Most Promising Newcomer as well as a London Film Critics Circle Award for his portrayal of Lord Alfred Douglas, the glamorous young lover of Stephen Fry's Wilde. The New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin noted that Law's "voluptuous beauty and mocking, boyish petulance gives [Douglas] a rock star's presence." Other reviewers including William Gallagher also complimented Law's appearance as the character. In Andrew Niccol's science fiction film Gattaca (1997), Law took on the role of a disabled former swimming star living in a eugenics-obsessed dystopia. In Clint Eastwood's Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil (1997), he played the role of Billy Hanson, a male prostitute killed by his partner, an art dealer portrayed by Kevin Spacey. Law also played Steven Grlscz, a vampire and an expert seducer, in The Wisdom of Crocodiles (1998).

In 1999, Law starred alongside Matt Damon, Gwyneth Paltrow, Cate Blanchett, and Philip Seymour Hoffman in the psychological thriller film The Talented Mr. Ripley, directed by Anthony Minghella. Law learned to play the saxophone for his role in the film, and his performance earned him the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, as well as nominations for the Golden Globe Award and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The Guardian film critic Peter Bradshaw commented on Law giving "a very stylish and charismatic performance as the exquisite Dickie, all cruelty and caprice."

At this time, Law and his then-wife Sadie Frost were members of the Primrose Hill set, which, along with other members such as Jonny Lee Miller, led to the 1996 creation of production company Natural Nylon, which he would later leave in 2003.

2000–2008: Expansion and critical recognition

In 2001, Law starred as Russian sniper Vasily Zaytsev in the film Enemy at the Gates, and learned ballet dancing for the film A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001). In 2002, Law played a mob hitman in Sam Mendes's 1930s period drama Road to Perdition. In 2003, he again collaborated with director Minghella for the period war film Cold Mountain opposite Nicole Kidman and Renee Zellweger, for which he received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama, the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Law, an admirer of Laurence Olivier, suggested the actor's image be included in the 2004 film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. Using computer graphics technology, footage of the young Olivier was merged into the film, playing Dr. Totenkopf, a mysterious scientific genius and supervillain. Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow would be the final film produced by Natural Nylon, which had folded with the departure of its founding members, including Law. The company did not see major successes. Also in 2004, Law portrayed the title character in Alfie, a remake of Bill Naughton's 1966 film, playing the role originated by Michael Caine; the remake received negative reviews and flopped at the box office. Law later took on another of Caine's earlier roles in the 2007 film Sleuth, adapted by Nobel Laureate in Literature Harold Pinter, while Caine played the role originated by Olivier.

In 2006, he portrayed the role of a single parent in the American romantic comedy film The Holiday, written, produced and directed by Nancy Meyers. Prior to this, Law had appeared in a series of period dramas and science fiction films during the early to mid-2000s, making it, as he said, tricky for him to approach the contemporary role. According to Law, he felt more "vulnerable" about playing a role that featured resemblance to his own character, and did not require an accent, a costume or a relocation. In 2007, Law starred alongside Norah Jones in the romantic drama My Blueberry Nights, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. Additionally, he received the Honorary César at the 32nd César Awards, and was named a knight of the Order of Arts and Letters by Gerard Errera, the French ambassador. By the end of the year, Law was one of the Top Ten A-list of the most bankable film stars in Hollywood, according to the Ulmer Scale.

2009–present: Return to theatre and other projects

In May 2009, Law returned to the London stage to portray the title role in William Shakespeare's Hamlet at the Donmar Warehouse West End season at Wyndham's Theatre. The BBC reported "a fine and solid performance" but included other reviews of Law's interpretation that were mixed. There was a further run of the production at Elsinore Castle in Denmark from 25–30 August 2009. In September 2009, the production transferred to the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. The Washington Post felt the much-anticipated performance was "highly disappointing". Nonetheless, he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play and at the Critics' Circle Theatre Awards ceremony, he was presented with the John and Wendy Trewin Award for Best Shakespearean Performance. Also in 2009, Law became one of three actors who took over the role of actor Heath Ledger in Terry Gilliam's film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Along with Law, actors Johnny Depp and Colin Farrell portray "three separate dimensions in the film".

In 2010, Law appeared opposite Forest Whitaker in the dark science fiction comedy Repo Men and as Dr. Watson in Guy Ritchie's adaption of Sherlock Holmes, alongside Robert Downey, Jr. and Rachel McAdams, as well as the 2011 sequel, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Law starred as a celebrity supermodel in the film Rage. He portrayed blogger Alan Krumwiede in the 2011 medical thriller Contagion. The Hollywood Reporter critic Todd McCarthy called the character "excellent" and praised the "compelling ferociousness" of Law's portrayal.

In May 2015, it was announced that Law would portray Lenny Belardo/Pius XIII, an American cardinal who becomes the pope. A ten-episode series titled The Young Pope was jointly produced by Sky Atlantic and Canal+ with HBO, and directed by Paolo Sorrentino. The series began airing in various countries in October 2016. In their respective reviews for The Guardian and The New York Times, Rebecca Nicholson praised the "surprising charm" with which Law strikes a balance between the qualities of a "vindictive authoritarian and wounded man-child", while James Poniewozik described his role as "saddled with stiff dialogue". Law reprised in the role in the spin-off series The New Pope, which premiered on HBO on 13 January 2020. He also starred in the miniseries The Third Day, which premiered on HBO on 14 September 2020.

Law portrayed Albus Dumbledore, a wizard, in the fantasy film Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald. It was released on 16 November 2018 to mixed reviews. Law also portrayed Yon-Rogg in the 2019 Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Captain Marvel, which was a global box office success, grossing over $1 billion worldwide. In 2023, Law played Captain Hook in Peter Pan & Wendy, a live-action adaptation of the animated film Peter Pan, which was released directly onto Disney+. He is set to star in the limited series The Auteur.

Law is set to star in Star Wars: Skeleton Crew, a Disney+ series premiering in 2024. Law was attached to play artist Roland Penrose in Lee, a World War II-era drama film directed by Ellen Kuras, but was later replaced by Alexander Skarsgård.

Other work

Activism
In 2002, Law directed a Respect for Animals anti-fur cinema commercial, titled "Fur and Against". It used music composed by Gary Kemp, and included appearances by Law, Chrissie Hynde, Moby, George Michael, Danny Goffey, Rhys Ifans, Sadie Frost, Helena Christensen, Sir Paul McCartney, Melanie C, and Stella McCartney. In 2013, Law, represented by PETA, wrote a letter to the World Trade Organization in support of keeping the European Union's restrictions against the seal trade; the restriction, which had been implemented three years prior, faced opposition from the Canadian government.

In 2011, Law joined street protests against Alexander Lukashenko and his brutal crackdown on the Belarusian democracy movement.

Afghanistan peace efforts
In July 2007, Law and Jeremy Gilley were in Afghanistan over a period of ten days to document peace commitments and activities there for an upcoming film and for marking the UN International Day of Peace. Accompanied by UNICEF Representative Catherine Mbengue, they travelled and filmed in dangerous areas of eastern Afghanistan with a film crew, interviewing children, government ministers, community leaders and UN officials. They also filmed at schools and visited various UNICEF-supported programmes inside and outside the capital Kabul. The efforts of Peace One Day are coordinated in celebration of the annual International Day of Peace, on 21 September. The film, named The Day After Peace, premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. On 21 September 2008, the film was shown at a gala screening at the Royal Albert Hall.

On 30 August 2008, Law and Gilley returned to Afghanistan to help keep a momentum around Peace Day. They met President Hamid Karzai, top NATO and UN officials, and members of the aid community. They also screened the new documentary about the efforts in support of peace. The documentary features activities that took place throughout Afghanistan in 2007. It also highlights support from UNICEF and the WHO for the peaceful immunisation of 1.4 million children against polio in insecure areas.

Philanthropy
In 2004, Law launched a campaign to raise £2.5 million towards the Young Vic Theatre's £12.5 million redevelopment project, with the theatre successfully re-opening in 2006. As of 2007, Law was Chairman of the Young Vic committee, during which he expressed dignity for his contributions towards the theatre. In 2006, he joined Robbie Williams in the "Soccer Aid" celebrity football match to benefit UNICEF.

In 2006, he starred in an anthology of Samuel Beckett readings and performances directed by Anthony Minghella. With the Beckett Gala Evening at the Reading Town Hall, more than £22,000 was donated for the Macmillan Cancer Support. Also in 2006, Frost and Law directed a Shakespeare play in a South African orphanage. He travelled to Durban with Frost and their children to help children who have lost their parents to AIDS. In July 2007, as patron of the charity, he helped kick off the month-long tour of the AIDS-themed musical Thula Sizwe by the Young Zulu Warriors. Also in 2007, he encouraged the Friends of the Earth/the Big Ask campaign, asking British government to take action against climate change.

Law has done charity work for organizations such as Make Poverty History, the Rhys Daniels Trust, and the WAVE Trauma Centre. He supports the Make-A-Wish Foundation and the Pride of Britain Awards.

He is the chairman of the Music For Tomorrow Foundation to help rebuild Katrina-devastated New Orleans.

Law serves as an ambassador of the Prince of Wales' Children and the Arts Foundation. He supports Breast Cancer Care, and in December 2008 he supported the Willow Foundation by creating a small canvas for their campaign Stars on Canvas. In April 2009 he supported the charity Education Africa with the gift of a mask he had painted and signed himself. The campaign was launched on eBay by Education Africa.

Law, alongside Judi Dench, helped save St Stephen's Church in Hampstead. They supported the campaign, which raised £4.5 million to refurbish the Victorian church in North London. The building reopened in March 2009 as an arts and community centre.

Realtime Movie
In early 2007, Law shot the short film Realtime Movie Trailer at Borough Market, South London. Instead of promoting a film, this "trailer", which appeared among regular trailers in selected cinemas across London starting 19 November 2007, advertised a live event, Realtime Movie by Polish artist Paweł Althamer. Hundreds turned up for this unfilmed reenactment, in real time, of the sequence of events shown in Realtime Movie Trailer by the same actors, including Althamer as a Polish labourer, held on 30 November 2007. The performance was commissioned by Tate Modern as part of its "The World as a Stage" exhibition, which explored the boundaries between arts and reality.

Music
Law is a featured artist on Vampire Weekend's 2019 album, Father of the Bride, in which he recites Thomas Campbell's poem "Lord Ullin's Daughter" during the song of the same name.

Modeling
Since 2005, Law has represented Dunhill as an "apparel ambassador" in Asia, where in 2008 he became the international face of the brand and began appearing in worldwide advertising campaigns. That same year, Law became the face of the men's perfume, Homme Sport by Dior. In 2022, both Law and his son Raff became ambassadors for Italian luxury brand Brioni.

Personal life
In 2010, Law purchased a property in Highgate, London, moving from Primrose Hill with his time-then partner Sienna Miller. His residence was at The Grove, a street known for its notable residents. Throughout the 2000s, an "unhealthy amount of information" about Law's life had been in possession by the media, prompting his involvement in the News International phone hacking scandal. Additionally, a family member of his was alleged to have been bribed by News of the World to share information with them.

Family and relationships
Law is the younger brother of Natasha, an illustrator and artist based in London. His parents live in Vaudelnay, France, where they run their own drama school and theatre.

On 2 September 1997, Law married actress Sadie Frost, whom he had met in 1992 on the set of Shopping. They have three children, Raff (b. 1996), Iris (b. 2000) and Rudy Indiana Otis Law (b. 2002). On 29 October 2003, the couple divorced.
While filming Alfie (2004) in late 2003, Law and co-star Sienna Miller began a relationship and became engaged in 2004. On 8 July 2005, Law issued a public apology to Miller for having an affair with his children's nanny. Miller and Law ended their relationship in November 2006.

In 2008, Law was in a brief relationship with American model Samantha Burke, who gave birth to his fourth child, Sophia, in September 2009. His fifth child, Ada, was born in 2015, to Catherine Harding. On 1 May 2019, he married his girlfriend Phillipa Coan. In September 2020, Law announced the birth of the couple's first child together, who is also his sixth. Law welcomed his second child with Coan, and seventh child overall, in February 2023.

Credits

Awards and nominations

Film

Theatre

References

External links

 Filmography Jude Law at the British Film Institute (BFI). Retrieved 25 May 2008.

1972 births
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Audiobook narrators
Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award winners
César Honorary Award recipients
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners
English male film actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English people of Welsh descent
Male actors from Kent
Male actors from London
People educated at Alleyn's School
People educated at Corelli College
Actors from Lewisham

Jude Law


Ada Bell Harper Maescher (January 24, 1868 – September 2, 1939) was an American club woman and president of the De Luxe Building Company, a home building and architecture design firm. She was one of the most successful women contractors in the United States during the early 1920s.

Early life
Ada Bell Harper Maescher was born on January 24, 1868, in Ripley County, Indiana, the daughter of Dr. William R. Harper (1825–1886) and Luvicy Hughes (1827–1902).

Career
Maescher published five books on building industry and was founder, and for seventeen years president, of the De Luxe Building Company, a home building and architecture design firm. She was among United States' most successful women contractors during the early 1920s. At the beginning of the 20th century, the De Luxe Building Co. used trade catalogs to propose different option to potential buyers like: "Kozy-homes", a selection of artistic little houses designed to meet the demands of those seeking plans for economical homes with the maximum convenience, and "Plan-kraft", homes for progressive people who wish to build homes that were different, Swiss chalets and Japanese architectures.

In 1922, Maescher organized the De Luxe Film Company to produce a propaganda picture, Night Life in Hollywood, which would show the "real" living conditions in the film capital. Instead of depicting Hollywood as a lurid, sensual Babylon, with its reported debauches of depravity and wickedness, it was shown as a model city, beautiful and attractive, and populated with home-loving people. The film cost approximately $100,000 ($ in today's money). She then planned the Los Angeles permanent grand opera; as first step toward this target she financed the presentation of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Aida which was given at the Hollywood Bowl in 1923.

Personal life
Maescher moved to California in 1906 and lived at 4652 Mascot St., Los Angeles, California. She married Victor Emanuel Maescher (1874–1938) and had one daughter, Roxye Mae Thompson Paddison (1887–1972). She was interested in Nature and Preservation of Bird Life, and was a member of the Southern California Nature Club, Audubon Society, and Cooper Ornithological Club.

She died on September 2, 1939, and was buried with her husband at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale).

References

External links

1868 births
1939 deaths
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
20th-century American women writers
People from Ripley County, Indiana
20th-century American businesspeople
Clubwomen
20th-century American businesswomen
American company founders
Women founders

Ada Bell Maescher