Peter Jarvis (born 1959) is an American percussionist, drummer, conductor, composer, music copyist, print music editor and college professor.

Career
Peter Jarvis (born in Hackensack, New Jersey) is a percussionist, drummer, conductor, composer, music copyist, print music editor and college professor. He is an associate director of the Composer Concordance and co-director of Composers Concordance Records. He teaches music at Bergen Community College.

Jarvis composed, orchestrated, arranged and performed music for Moonrise Kingdom, a film by Wes Anderson, which opened the Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2012. Moonrise Kingdom received a Golden Globe nomination for "Best Score" and an Academy Award nomination in 2013. His involvement in the film as a composer included various individual projects ranging from adding music to a score by Benjamin Britten and composing original music for several scenes. As arranger and orchestrator he worked on music composed by Mark Mothersbaugh and as performer he led a percussion section and provided several improvisations. He has also performed his own solo percussion music for the second, third, fourth and fifth seasons of the HBO Series "Boardwalk Empire." During the third season, his music appeared in seven episodes. More recently Jarvis worked on Ang Lee's movie Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, released in 2016; his involvement on the project included transcribing, arranging and as percussionist. More recently he recorded for the sound track of "The Pale Blue Eye" a film directed by Scott Cooper, starring Christian Bale.

Over the decades, as a freelance musician, he has performed popular and unpopular music with equal enthusiasm. He has performed as a soloist, chamber player, Broadway musician and as conductor with chamber music ensembles including the Velez / Jarvis Duo, the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, CompCord Ensemble, The Group for Contemporary Music, Saint Luke's Chamber Ensemble, the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble (which he directs) and on new music/arts festivals such as the Europe/Asia Festival and the Hong Kong Arts Festival and in orchestras and with choruses. He has performed for PBS, Russian and Hong Kong television. The New York Times has said about Jarvis's conducting: "... [He] did full justice to its rhythmic complexities; Mr. Jarvis and his forces richly deserved the standing ovation they received."

Jarvis has performed and or recorded with composers musicians such as Milton Babbitt, John Cage and Steve Reich. He is active as a percussionist, conductor and composer in New Jersey, New York, Connecticut and elsewhere. As conductor he has appeared with the Saint Luke's Chamber Ensemble, the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble, Composers Concordance, Ensemble21 and several other groups. He has appeared as guest conductor on the San Francisco Symphony's New and Unusual Music Series with the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble. The proliferation of percussion literature is extremely important to Jarvis and he has performed nearly 100 solo pieces for multi-percussion, timpani, vibraphone, marimba, solo snare drum and drum set composed for him.

His compositions are published by Calabrese Brothers Music LLC, Indian Paintbrush Productions, Peter Jarvis Music Publishing, and L-T Music Publishing. He is a member of Broadcast Music, Inc.

Press Coverage (partial list)

The New York Times wrote Jarvis "led the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble in a precise, tactile performance with an elastic pulse", and that the "Percussion Symphony" was "a mammoth work ... on its way to becoming a genuine 20th-century warhorse" which Jarvis conducted from memory. The Record described Jarvis's conducting of "Percussion Symphony" as "a masterful example of the conductors craft", and praised the way he sculpted the melody in the medieval song by Guillaume Dufay. The New Music Connoisseur mentioned that "While the new music scene abounds with percussionists, only a very few can match the awesome musicianship of Peter Jarvis" and further described his performance of Ron Mazurek's Masked Dances as "the highlight of the evening". According to Raul da Gamma of Jazz da Gamma, "This is a duet recording by two musicians (Peter Jarvis and Gene Pritsker) of impeccable pedigree." (August 1, 2016). In Percussive Notes, the official journal of the Percussive Arts Society, Quintin Mallette wrote "... by the seminal performer, composer, and conductor Peter Jarvis". He went on to say "I recommend this recording not only for its artistic merits, but also for its pedagogical merit as a tool for exploring the less tangible aspects of musicianship necessary in chamber music settings."

Transcriptions
Published by Calabrese Brothers Music, LLC.

Chamber
 Rockaby for voice and piano (2003) — Ron Mazurek, transcribed for voice and vibraphone, Op. 14 (2011) by Peter Jarvis, premiered by the William Paterson University New Music Ensemble; Erica Tanner and Nicolas Doktor, March 28, 2011, at William Paterson University, Wayne, New Jersey.
 Fugue in G minor, "Little" BWV 578 – Johann Sebastian Bach, transcribed for Mallet Quartet, Op. 12 (2010) by Peter Jarvis.

Film and Television (partial list)

Film
Selected
 2021 — "The Pale Blue Eye", directed by Scott Cooper
 2016 — "Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk", directed by Ang Lee.
 2011 — "Moonrise Kingdom", Op. 19 — music for the movie directed by Wes Anderson; Moonrise Kingdom, Op. 19, refers to all music Jarvis worked on including original music, arrangements and transcriptions. Published by Indian Paintbrush Productions.

Television
 Surveying Carnage, Op. 21 (2012) — percussion solos, improvisations for the HBO series Boardwalk Empire – season 3, multiple episodes. Published by L-T Music Publishing.
 On the Boardwalk, Op. 18 (2011) — percussion solo, a multi-track improvisation for the HBO series Boardwalk Empire. Used in episode 10 of season 2: "Georgia Peaches" aired on November 27, 2011. Published by L-T Music Publishing.

Documentary
 1995 — Musical Outsiders: An American Legacy — Harry Partch, Lou Harrison, and Terry Riley. Directed by Michael Blackwood. Performing with NewBand.

DVDs (partial list)
 Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (released November 11, 2016) – A TriStar Pictures release. Written by Jean-Christophe Castelli, directed by Ang Lee. Various transcriptions, arrangements, and improvisations by Peter Jarvis on the soundtrack.
 Moonrise Kingdom (released October 16, 2012) – An American Empirical Picture presented by Focus Features and Indian Paintbrush. Written by Wes Anderson and Roman Coppola, directed by Wes Anderson. Various compositions, arrangements, orchestrations and performances by Peter Jarvis on the soundtrack.
 Boardwalk Empire – Seasons 2-5, – An HBO Production. "Georgia Peaches" (episode 10), solo percussion performance of "On the Boardwalk" by Peter Jarvis on the soundtrack. During seasons 2-5 Jarvis performs in over 10 episodes.

Discography (partial list)

Composer/percussionist/conductor
Partial
 Jarvis and Friends, Volume 3 – With Chris Opperman performing duos with Jarvis, and several others performing music by Jarvis. Composers Concordance Records COMCON0063 – NAXOS
Dragonfly – Peter Jarvis and William Schimmel – All music by Jarvis and Schimmel – Composers Concordance Records COMCON0060 – NAXOS
Der Weg Ins Freie – William Anderson – Cygnus Ensemble – FURIOUS ARTISANS Productions – FACD6819
Chamber Music from Hell – Chris Opperman "Owl Flight" recorded by the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble.
Jarvis and Friends, Volume 2 – With Payton MacDonald, Kevin Norton, Gene Pritsker, and David Taylor – Composers Concordance Records – NAXOS
Payton MacDonald: Solo Marimba My Ous 16 "Saties Hammock" Composers Concordance Records – COMCON0051 – NAXOS
Jarvis and Friends, Volume 1 – With Glen Velez, Franz Hackl, William Schimmel, and John Clark. – Composers Concordance Records COMCON0046 – NAXOS
New Jersey Percussion Ensemble and Friends at 50, Volume 1 – Composers Concordance Records COMCON0045 – NAXOS
Explorations – "Chamber Setting No. 2" – Robert Pollock, New Jersey Percussion Ensemble, Peter Jarvis, conductor – Ebb and Flow Arts
New Music For Percussion: Night Music – Jeffrey Kresky, John Ferrari, Peter Jarvis and Payton MacDonald – Percussion. Drumming For Milton" by Peter Jarvis, Paul Carroll drum set. "Concerto for Vibraphone and Percussion Ensemble" by Peter Jarvis, performed by the New Jersey Percussion Ensemble, John Ferrari – vibraphone soloist, Peter Jarvis – conductor. William Paterson University Recording Label. Recorded in 2014.Moonrise Kingdom – The Original Soundtrack; Track 2 performed by Peter Jarvis. Label: AbkcoJersey Sessions Volume 2: Passing Fancies – Stephen Peles, Peter Jarvis – Percussion, Robert Pollock – Piano, Music for Winds, Percussion, 'Cello & Voices – Rolv Yttrehus – Composers Guild of New Jersey Performance Ensemble, Peter Jarvis, conductor, Composers Guild of New Jersey, 1990, #CGNJ 0990

Percussionist (partial list)

Partial
 Milton Babbitt – A Composers' Memorial; For Milton, Composed by David Saperstein, Peter Jarvis – vibraphone. Perspectives of New Music/Open Space Records, 2012, pnm/os cd 3
 ballets and solos; The International Street Cannibals Ensemble – Solo for Pete, Composed by Patrick Hardish, Peter Jarvis – drum set. Composers Concordance Records – on Naxos
 Milton Babbitt: Soli e Duettini; Homily for Solo Snare Drum, The Group for Contemporary Music, Koch International, 1996, 3-7335-2H1 and Naxos 8.559259
 Society of Composers, Inc.: Milestones; Night Black Bird Song, for 2 piccolos & 3 percussionists – Emily Doolittle, Capstone Records, CD #8701
American Classics – George Antheil: Ballet Mécanique – Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra – Naxos 8.559060
 Floating Bridge – ECM Tour; Floating Bridge – Kung Chi Shing, recorded live in Taiwan – Kung Ensemble, October Music, 1996, ECM Tour in Taiwan
 Destiny Travels Limited; Destiny Travels Limited – Kung Chi Shing, recorded live in Hong Kong – Kung Ensemble, October Music, 1996, #5
 Andrew Ford: Icarus; Chamber Concerto No. 3: In Constant Light – Terra Australis Incognita, Tall Poppies #150
 New Sounds From The Village; Encounters – Ron Mazurek – Percussion Quartet, Capstone Records, 1994, #CPS 8616
 Jersey Sessions Volume 3: In Search Of. . . Percussion Solo with Electronic Sound – Ron Mazurek, Peter Jarvis – Percussion, Ballet Mécanique – George Antheil, Composers Guild of New Jersey, 1992, #CGNJ 0393;

Conductor
 David Rakowski: Hyper Blue; Ensemble21 – Sesso e Violenza, Peter Jarvis, conductor, tracks 6, 7 & 8. CRI CD820
 Charles Wuorinen: The Group for Contemporary Music – Percussion Quartet – Charles Wuorinen – Peter Jarvis, conductor, Koch International, 1997, #3-7410-2H1
 Charles Wuorinen: Tashi – New Jersey Percussion Ensemble –  Percussion Quartet – Charles Wuorinen – Peter Jarvis, conductor, NAXOS 8.559321The Music of Rolv Yttrehus – Music for Winds, Percussion, 'Cello & Voices, Composers Guild of New Jersey Performance Ensemble – Peter Jarvis, conductor, CRI CD 843
 Jersey Sessions Volume 1: Concertino – Roger Sessions, CGNJ Performance Ensemble, David Gilbert, conductor, Revolution – Robert Pollock, Cygnus Ensemble, Joel Suben, conductor, Composers Guild of New Jersey, 1989, #CGNJ 0989
 Percussion Music; Percussion Symphony – Charles Wuorinen, Charles Wuorinen, conductor, Elektra/Nonesuch, 1988, #979150-2
 Music of David Olan and Chester Biscardi; Prism – David Olan, Peter Jarvis, conductor, Composer's Recording Inc., 1986, #CRI CD 585

References

External links

American percussionists
American male composers
20th-century American composers
1959 births
Living people
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
Connecticut College faculty
William Paterson University faculty
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
20th-century American male musicians

Peter Jarvis


Niu Jingyi (钮经义, 1920–1995) was a Chinese biochemist. He was born on December 26, 1920, in Xinghua, Jiangsu. In 1942, he graduated from the chemistry department of the National Southwestern Associated University. He served as an instructor of Tsinghua University from 1946 to 1948. In 1948, he went to United States to study biochemistry at the University of Texas, five years later commenced doctor degree. In 1956, he came back to China.

His main research field is natural organic chemistry, containing the structure analysis and chemical synthesis of the protein polypeptides. In 1953 he finished his doctoral dissertation titled the microelement nutrition of the escherichia coli at US.

In 1958, the Chinese institute of biochemistry started the research of artificial synthesis of the crystallized bovine insulin with Niu as one of the main principals. He designed the synthesis route, and the synthesis finally achieved success in 1965. This achievement won the First National Natural Science Award in 1982. In 1983, he won the State Invention Second Prize for his new achievement in synthesis of the C-peptide.

References

External links
  A biography of Niu Jingyi

1920 births
1995 deaths
Biologists from Jiangsu
Chemists from Jiangsu
Chinese biochemists
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Southwestern Associated University alumni
Scientists from Taizhou, Jiangsu
People from Xinghua, Jiangsu
Chinese expatriates in the United States

Niu Jingyi


The Sixth and Forest Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States.  It is a Victorian era suburban commercial district on the northeastern and northwestern corners of the junction of 6th and Forest Avenues, and originally contained six buildings.  The buildings on the northeast corner have subsequently been torn down.  The historic district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996.  It is a part of the Towards a Greater Des Moines MPS.

History
The commercial district at the intersection of Sixth and Forest Avenues is the largest suburban commercial node in the Des Moines area during the Victorian era.  It was located in the largest of the city's late-19th- and early-20th-century suburbs, North Des Moines.

Land use in the district is clearly defined in the area.  All of the residential units are located on the second floor of the buildings with commercial stores on the first floor.  There are no single-family houses in the district.  Typical of Victorian districts is the presence of a lodge hall.  An Odd Fellows hall was located at 1401 Sixth Avenue and is no longer in existence.  The first floor of the building was rented out for commercial use while the second floor was used by the fraternal organization.

Sixth Avenue was a major street car line in the city, and Forest Avenue was a major east-west route during the Victorian era. This contributed to the economic success of the area while it was being developed.  Transportation corridors also encouraged higher population density.  Multi-family dwellings were built along Forest Avenue and several churches were established in the area.  North Park Congregational Church, which no longer exists, was on the southwest corner of Sixth and Forest Avenues.

Architecture
The Sixth and Forest Historic District contains both sophisticated and more modest expressions of Victorian commercial architecture in Des Moines.  The quality of building materials in this district is generally superior to that of other suburban commercial nodes in the city from the same era. A couple of distinguishing features of the district is the use of polychrome brick and a variety of brick textures used in the construction of several of the buildings.  The Orvis Block, which was an example of this, is no longer in existence.  The Temple Block on the northwest corner of the intersection is a richly embellished two-story structure.  It is composed of five commercial spaces on its first floor and stretches along a half-city block.  The extended facade line of the building is unified by symmetrically placed bays, an undulating rhythm of its second floor belt course and a dentils along the cornice. The round arch above the entrance to the residential space in the Temple Block suggests the Romanesque Revival style.   The Odd Fellows Hall, although a large two-story structure, was an example of a more modest use of architectural detailing.  The small, single-story commercial building next door to it on Sixth Avenue was similar in its architectural details.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Historic districts in Des Moines, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Des Moines, Iowa
Commercial architecture in Iowa
Romanesque Revival architecture in Iowa

Sixth and Forest Historic District


Poi is a skill toy. Also poi refers to both a style of performing art and the equipment used for engaging in poi performance. As a skill toy poi is an object or theatrical prop used for dexterity play or an object manipulation.
Poi spinning is a type of object manipulation or performance art. It involves using a set of weights on strings. Many people use beanbags in long socks. These are called a set of poi. People spin the poi around their body drawing shapes in the air.

LED lights or fire is sometimes used to make the poi easier to see and more exciting to watch.

Useful moves with poi spinning
Walk or jump while spin poi. Do dance moves. Stay in same place but move spin image everywhere and in all directions. Move body with poi or arms. If hands go right, move body to right. Spin slow or fast. Straighten your arms. Add difficulty like for example stay in 1 leg. Lie down on the ground and spin.

If spinner will make all this moves while he is training some trick he will feel more confident with the trick. Also spinner will learn trick faster, will be able to change this trick to other tricks more easily.

What can help to spin poi
This can help to make many poi tricks.

 Visualize move that you need to make.

 Drawing simple geometric shapes in air with 2 arms everywhere including behind back and behind head. This will also help to make trick that require spinning behind back.

 Film yourself on camera and watch this video or use mirror.
Divide trick into steps.
This can help to make poi tricks.

 Close eyes. Pay attention on how you feel.

 If you try to spin trick in 1 hand, you can make your left hand spin what you need. Right hand do random actions. This will be especially useful in hybrid tricks. Because in this way you detach left hand from right hand. After that left and right hand can do really different moves.

 To make hybrid tricks you can pay 90% attention to what left arm spin and 10% attention to what right arm spin.

What abilities increases with poi spinning
Poi can develop rhythm, balance, concentration, coordination, grace, body stretches, grip strength, attention  . Some poi tricks like complex atomic tricks can develop skill of solving geometric puzzles.

Where poi spinning is useful
Besides increasing abilities, poi can be useful like a physical activity. Physical activity increases when spinner spin much more heavy poi, spin fast, add body moves.

Poi can be used as art of drawing shapes in the air. This can be done by taking photos on exposure when spinner spin LED or fire poi.

Spinning more than 2 poi
When spinner grab 2 or more poi in 1 hand he can have 3 poi or more poi in 2 hands.

This can be useful in these cases :

 When spinner spin 3 poi this can be useful in 3d tricks when each poi spin in different plane. For example 3 poi spin in 3 planes when each of 3 planes are parallel to different face of cube. These 3 planes are called face plane, wheel plane, helicopter plane.

 When spinner spin 4 poi and he grab 2 poi in each hand. Each hand can make tricks similar to butterfly trick.

How to divide trick into steps
To divide trick into steps will help you to make it. You need to select and remember all positions of each poi when some of 2 poi is at most bottom position. Let's say trick is repeated per N bit cycle. Between beats of left poi there is time T. Lets say left poi head is at most bottom position at moment M1. So you can select dots of both poi heads at moment M1. Next moment M2 be after time T/2 because poi move in split time. You can in same way select dots of poi at moment M2. Each new moment will be after time T/2 relative to previous moment. In all trick cycle there will be 2N moments. at moment Mx poi head is at position Px and have diction Dx. x is some number. At moment M3 position is P3 and diction is D3. At any moment Mx there will be direction of movement of poi. This direction is like arrow in 3d space or vector.

For example, for 3 bit wave there will be 6 moments. For 3b wave you will have 6 position and 6 directions for each poi head.

When you spin trick, you should pay attention to each moment and at each moment pay attention that poi heads moves in correct direction.

Different types of poi
 Fabric poi . For example, striped sock poi can stretch more when speed of spin increase. Striped sock poi prevent tangling of 2 poi. When 2 poi accidentally tangling spinner may not spin his trick anymore and all trick fail.
 LED poi. Can have different mode. Each mode have unique drawing from different colors. podpoi 2 is a type of LED poi where many different poi head are synchronized via wireless connection so that all they will change mode synchronously and in smart way that will look interesting. When many people spin podpoi 2 together mode of each spinner will change in 1 moment.
 Pixel poi. They draw image in air. For example image can be some photo of human face.
 Fire poi. They are usually set on fire after soaking in kerosene. Different types of fire poi are monkey fist, twister, cathedral, block, mura, weka.

Other websites

Performing arts

Poi spinning


In Greek mythology, Cephalion (Ancient Greek: Κεφαλίων), also called Caphaurus (Κάφαυρον), was the son of Amphithemis and the nymph Tritonis and the brother of Nasamon.

Mythology
Cephalion's family lived in Libya and he was a shepherd of whose flocks were plundered by the Argonauts Canthus and Eurybates (Eribotes). These two were later killed by Cephalion in revenge.

References

More bibliography

 Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
 Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
 Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.

Characters in the Argonautica

Cephalion (mythology)


is in the town of Shinano, Kamiminochi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Second to Lake Suwa among lakes in Nagano Prefecture, Nojiri is a resort, the location of the first pumped-storage hydroelectricity in Japan, and the site of a Japanese Paleolithic excavation.

Data
 Transparency: 5–7 m

Geography
The lake is located on a plateau with an altitude of 654m, which is between Mount Madarao in the east and Mount Kurohime in the west. With an area of 4.56 km2, it is the second largest natural lake in Nagano Prefecture after Lake Suwa. It has a depth of 39.1 m (128.2 ft), and its storage volume exceeds that of Lake Suwa. The water of the lake flows out through the Ikejiri River, joins the Seki River, and flows into the Sea of Japan.
There are various theories regarding the creation of lake and it might have been dammed by the eruption of Mt. Madarao, or that it was dammed by the Ikejiri River mud flow caused by the eruption of Mt. Kurohime.

Fishing
The lake rarely freezes over in the winter. "Dome boats," outfitted with stoves, catch smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis) in Lake Nojiri. The lake was once the home of native Japanese trout but now is home to bass from the United States.

Tategahana Paleolithic Site
In 1946, a tusk of Palaeoloxodon naumanni (Naumann's Elephant, named in honor of the geologist Heinrich Edmund Naumann, 1854–1927) was accidentally discovered. In 1962, excavations began at the edge and on the bottom of the lake. The location was a promontory known as Tategahana on the western shore.  Discoveries included implements of stone and bone, fossils of Palaeoloxodon naumanni, and of deer. Analyses of diatoms, pollen, paleomagnetism, and volcanic ash place the site, with its fossils of humans and megafauna, in the Paleolithic, the Pleistocene, about 40,000 years ago. Kondo et al. conclude that Tategahana is a "kill-butchering site."

See also
 List of fossil sites

References

External links

 Explore the Heart of Japan: Lake Nojiri-ko The English guide to Lake Nojiri
 Palaeoloxodon naumanni and its environment at the paleolithic site of Lake Nojiri, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. The World of Elephants - International Congress, Rome 2001. Y. Kondo, N. Mazima, Nojiri-ko Research Group
 Lake Nojiri Naumann Elephant Museum (Nojiriko Museum) (some English content)

Nojiri
Cenozoic paleontological sites of Asia
Geography of Nagano Prefecture
Paleoanthropological sites
Landforms of Nagano Prefecture
Shinano, Nagano

Lake Nojiri


The Opel Mokka is a car from the German carmaker Opel since 2012. The Mokka is a subcompact crossover SUV, and rides on GM's Gamma platform, which is the same platform the Chevrolet Aveo/Sonic and Spark are built on. The Mokka is sold as the Buick Encore and Chevrolet Trax in North America and is sold as a Vauxhall in the UK. The Opel/Vauxhall versions were facelifted in 2016 and were renamed Mokka X. It entered its second generation in 2020 and is now called the Mokka again, it offers petrol, diesel and electric versions.

Mokka
2010s automobiles

Opel Mokka


Porta Maggiore, now known as Porta Mazzini, was the main eastern portal of the former medieval walls of the city of Bologna, Italy.  It straddles the site in which the Strada Maggiore of Bologna changes name to via Mazzini, immediately west of the intersection with the Viale di Ciconvallazione.

First erected in the 13th century, in 1507, under Pope Julius II a further fortification was added. By the 17th century, porticos were built leading to the church-sanctuary of Santa Maria Lacrimosa degli Alemanni further down on Via Mazzini. In 1770, the portal was partially reconstructed by designs of Giovanni Giacomo Dotti. In 1903, the gate was nearly completely dismantled, but a fierce debate shut down the work, and soon led to conservation and restoration under the direction of Alfonso Rubbiani. Further restorations occurred in 2007 and 2009, but it remains a shell of the former self, an inconvenience in the road, standing as a roofless brick structure with two ogival arches in series, devoid of its former facade and covered passageway.

References

Buildings and structures completed in the 13th century

Porta Maggiore, Bologna


Cheerful Weather for the Wedding is a 2012 British comedy-drama film, directed by Donald Rice and starring Felicity Jones, Luke Treadaway, and Elizabeth McGovern. Adapted from the 1932 novella Cheerful Weather for the Wedding by Julia Strachey of the Bloomsbury Group, the film is about a young woman on her wedding day who worries that she's about to marry the wrong man, while both her fiancé and her former lover grow increasingly anxious about the event. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on 20 April 2012.

Plot
Today is Dolly's (Felicity Jones) wedding day, and her family is arriving at the manor house with all the cheerfulness, chaos and petty grievances that bubble to the surface at such gatherings. Trouble soon appears with the arrival of Joseph (Luke Treadaway), Dolly's lover from the previous summer, who throws her feelings into turmoil. To her mother's (Elizabeth McGovern) exasperation, his presence threatens to upset the design she had for her daughter's future. Dolly, for her part, just can't decide whether to run away with Joseph or start a new life in Argentina with her husband to be.

Cast
 Felicity Jones as Dolly Thatcham
 Luke Treadaway as Joseph Patten
 Elizabeth McGovern as Mrs. Thatcham
 Mackenzie Crook as David Daken
Fenella Woolgar as Nancy Daken
 Eva Traynor as Annie
 Zoe Tapper as Evelyn Graham
 Paola Dionisotti as Mrs. Whitstable
 James Norton as Owen
 Sophie Stanton as Millman
 Elizabeth Webster as Betty
 Kenneth Collard as Whitstable
 Ellie Kendrick as Kitty Thatcham
 Ben Greaves-Neil as Jimmy Daken
 Luke Ward-Wilkinson as Robert
 Olly Alexander as Tom
 Joanna Hole as Miss Spoon
 John Standing as Horace Spigott

References

External links
 Movie trailer

2012 films
British comedy-drama films
Films based on British novels
2012 comedy-drama films
2010s English-language films
2010s British films

Cheerful Weather for the Wedding (film)


Walther Spielmeyer (23 April 1879 – 6 February 1935) was a German neuropathologist who was a native of Dessau.

Biography
He studied medicine at the University of Halle as a student of Eduard Hitzig (1838-1907). At Halle he was influenced by the work of psychiatrists Karl Heilbronner (1869-1914), Gustav Aschaffenburg (1866-1944) and pathologist Karl Joseph Eberth (1835-1926). In 1906 he relocated to Freiburg as an assistant to Alfred Hoche (1865-1943). At the suggestion of Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), he succeeded Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915) as director of the Anatomisches Laboratorium der Psychiatrischen und Nervenklivik in Munich. At Munich he worked with Franz Nissl (1860-1919) and Felix Plaut (1877-1940).

In 1928 the Rockefeller Foundation financed the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute with Spielmeyer as director of the Hirnpathologisches Institut. He died of pulmonary tuberculosis on February 6, 1935.

Research
Spielmeyer is remembered for his research of peripheral nervous system injuries as well as his specialized study of disturbed brain function caused by temporary circulation problems. He is credited with making significant contributions involving the function of glia in inflammatory processes and on the pathophysiology of cerebral blood flow in neurological-psychiatric disorders.

He was the author of highly regarded books on the neurohistology and histopathology of the nervous system; "Technik der mikroskopischen Untersuchung des Nervensystems" (1911) and "Histopathologie des Neurvensystems" (1922), the latter work being known for its excellent illustrations. He coined the term "Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease" to refer to a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease first described separately by the eponymous German neurologists.

Associated eponym
 Spielmeyer-Vogt disease: A congenital progressive lysosome dysfunction that usually presents itself around the age of five, and is characterized by cerebroretinal degeneration, dementia and early death. Named along with neurologist Heinrich Vogt (1875-1936).

Selected writings
 Die Trypanosomenkrankheiten und ihre Beziehungen zu den syphilogenen Nervenkrankheiten (Trypanosomiasis and its correlation to syphilitic nerve disorders). Jena, Fischer, 1908.
 Technik der mikroskopischen Untersuchung des Nervensystems (Microscopic studies of the nervous system). Berlin, Springer, 1911; 4. Aufl., 1930.
 Die progressive Paralyse. In: Handbuch der Neurologie, Bd. 3; Berlin, 1912.
 Zur Klinik und Anatomie der Nerven-Schussverletzungen. Berlin, Springer, 1915.
 Histopathologie des Nervensystems (Histopathology of the nervous system). Erster Band: Allgemeiner Teil. Berlin, J. Springer, 1922.
 Degeneration und Regeneration am peripherischen Nerven. (Degeneration and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system). Handbuch der normalen und pathologischen Physiologie, Bd. 3; Berlin, 1929.
 Die Anatomie der Psychosen. (Anatomy of psychosis). Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten,  Bd. 11; Berlin, 1930.

References
 This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia, source listed as: biography of Spielmeyer @ NDB/ADB Deutsche Biographie

German neurologists
German pathologists
1879 births
1935 deaths
People from Dessau-Roßlau
Tuberculosis deaths in Nazi Germany
Max Planck Institute directors

Walther Spielmeyer


Joseph "Yonnie" Starr (August 11, 1905 – March, 1990) was a Canadian Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse  trainer about whom the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame says has a "record unmatched in Canadian racing history."

Starr began his career in Thoroughbred racing as a jockey's agent, representing prominent jockeys such as  Frank Mann, Pat Remillard, Red Pollard, and George Seabo. At the same time, in an unofficial capacity Starr became involved in the conditioning of horses. As an unlicensed trainer his first win in 1936 was not formally recognized as were the wins of other horses he trained between then and 1952 when he applied for his license.

Yonnie Starr earned his first Canadian Horse of the Year honors in 1955 with Ace Marine, a colt whose wins included the three races that four years later were officially designated as the Canadian Triple Crown series. In all, Starr won ten official Triple Crown Classics including four Queen's Plates. His horses earned ten Sovereign Awards and won a record seven Canadian Horse of the Year titles: Ace Marine (1955), Wonder Where (1959), Fanfreluche (1970), La Prevoyante (1972), L'Enjoleur (1974, 1975), L'Alezane (1977). Seven of the horses he trained were inducted in the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame with one of them also elected to the U.S. United States Racing Hall of Fame.

Although Starr trained horses of both sexes, he was recognized as someone who also had a special talent to develop fillies. During his career he trained horses with great success for prominent owners such as Conn Smythe and Larkin Maloney, both individually and for the Smythe/Maloney racing partnership. In the 1970s and 1980s Starr continued as a dominant force in Canadian racing as the trainer for Quebec sportsman, Jean-Louis Levesque. In addition to training for others, he owned a few horses and notably trained Unbranded who won the 1954 Jockey Club Cup Handicap.

Yonnie Starr trained horses until his death in Florida in March 1990 at age eighty-four. At the time, he had been racing for the winter season at Gulfstream Park.

References

1905 births
1990 deaths
Canadian horse trainers
Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Jewish Canadian sportspeople
Canadian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Ukrainian emigrants to Canada
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Canada

Yonnie Starr


John Chamberlain Ward (May 25, 1857 – April 20, 1929) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Leavenworth from 1911 until his death in 1929.

Biography
The second of three children, John Ward was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio to Joseph and Ellen (née McGrath) Ward, who were both natives of County Westmeath, Ireland, and came to the United States in the 1850s.

He attended the parochial school in Olmsted and high school in Berea. He continued his classical studies at St. Mary's College in Cincinnati and at Assumption College in Ontario, Canada. Returning to the United States, he studied philosophy and theology at St. Meinrad's Seminary in Spencer County, Indiana.

Ward was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Louis Mary Fink, O.S.B., on July 17, 1884. After serving as a curate at the cathedral of Leavenworth, Kansas for three months, he was named pastor of St. Joseph's Church in Marshall County. He was transferred to St. Patrick's Church in Parsons in 1888, and to St. Thomas' Church at Armourdale in 1895. From 1898 to 1909, he was rector of Leavenworth Cathedral. He was then sent to Kansas City as pastor of St. Mary's Church.

On November 25, 1910, Ward was appointed the third Bishop of Leavenworth by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on February 22, 1911 from Archbishop Diomede Falconio, O.F.M., with Bishops Thomas Francis Lillis and John Joseph Hennessy serving as co-consecrators. He remained as bishop for the next eighteen years, until his death at age 71.
Bishop Ward High School in Kansas City, Kansas is named in Ward's honor.

References

1857 births
1929 deaths
People from Cuyahoga County, Ohio
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
The Athenaeum of Ohio alumni
Roman Catholic bishops of Leavenworth
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Catholics from Ohio

John Ward (bishop of Leavenworth)


Peter Garth Palumbo, Baron Palumbo (born 20 July 1935) is a property developer and art collector. Palumbo was the last chairperson of the Arts Council of Great Britain and a life peer. He sat as a Conservative in the House of Lords from 1991 to 2019.

Early life
Lord Palumbo is the son of Rudolph Palumbo, himself a major property developer, and his first wife Elsie Gregory. He was educated at Scaitcliffe, Englefield Green, Surrey, and then at Eton College and studied law and jurisprudence at Worcester College, Oxford, where he graduated with a third-class degree.

Career

Notable property projects and homes
In the 1960s Palumbo commissioned Ludwig Mies van der Rohe to build a tower in London; although it was designed, it was never built.

In 1972 Palumbo bought Farnsworth House in the US (outside of Chicago), designed by Mies van der Rohe, to which Palumbo added the designer's furniture.  He also expanded the grounds of the house by purchasing adjacent properties and placed in them the work of sculptors including Anthony Caro and Richard Serra. Palumbo sold the property at auction to the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 2003. Palumbo also owns Kentuck Knob, a private house built by Frank Lloyd Wright in the Allegheny Mountains south of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; owned a unit in the 860–880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments in Chicago; and for a time owned Le Corbusier's Maisons Jaoul in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris.

In 1994 Palumbo demolished the Mappin & Webb building in the City of London and replaced it at No 1 Poultry, with a building designed by the British architect, Sir James Stirling, which was opened by the Governor of the Bank of England, Eddie George.

Arts
Palumbo was a trustee of the Tate Gallery from 1978 until 1985 and chairman of the gallery's foundation between 1986 and 1987.  He formerly served as a trustee for the Whitechapel Art Gallery and of the Natural History Museum.  He was chairman of the Serpentine Gallery's board of trustees. Margaret Thatcher appointed him chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1988 until 1994.

He was also the chancellor of the University of Portsmouth and the chairman of the Friends of Highgate Cemetery. He has been on the Board of Trustees of The Architecture Foundation. Palumbo was chair of the jury of the Pritzker Prize for Architecture.

Palumbo led the fundraising effort to resurrect and refurbish the Church of St Stephen Walbrook in London, a building by Sir Christopher Wren which had been badly damaged during The Blitz (in World War II) – the sculptor Henry Moore was commissioned by Palumbo to build a stone altar for the church. The former rector of St Stephen Walbrook and founder of The Samaritans, Dr Chad Varah, was also the family chaplain.

He was created a life peer, on nomination by Margaret Thatcher, on 4 February 1991 as Baron Palumbo, of Walbrook in the City of London, after the ward and street named after a former river and which is in the name of his redesigned church. He sat in the House of Lords until his retirement on 2 September 2019.

Personal life
Palumbo married Denia Wigram (the daughter of Lionel Wigram) in 1959 – together they had one son (James Palumbo, created in 2013 Baron Palumbo of Southwark) and two daughters.  They divorced in 1977.

After Denia died in 1986, he married Hayat Mrowa (daughter of the Lebanese newspaper publisher Kamel Mrowa, and ex-wife of businessman Ely Calil) with whom he had another son and two daughters.

Royal connections
Palumbo was a polo teammate of Charles III during his time as the Prince of Wales and the two were close until 1984 when Charles publicly criticised Palumbo's plans to put a building designed by Mies van der Rohe near St Paul's Cathedral, describing it as "a glass stump" which, faced with opposition, were not realised.  In 1988, Palumbo became godfather to Princess Beatrice of York, the elder daughter of the Duke of York.

Arms

References

External links

 Official website
 Voting record at the Public Whip
 Restoration of St. Stephen Walbrook church

1935 births
Living people
English people of Italian descent
People educated at Eton College
People educated at Scaitcliffe School
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
People associated with the University of Portsmouth
English socialites
Peter
Peers retired under the House of Lords Reform Act 2014

Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo


USS Gatling (DD-671) was a  of the United States Navy, named after Richard Jordan Gatling, the inventor of the Gatling gun.

Gatling was laid down 3 March 1943 by the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Kearny, New Jersey; launched 20 June 1943; sponsored by Mrs. John W. Gatling, wife of the inventor's grandson; and commissioned 19 August 1943 at New York Navy Yard.

World War II
After shakedown out of Bermuda and alteration at New York early November, the new destroyer called at Norfolk, Virginia, to conduct training cruises for crews of destroyers still under construction.

On 19 November 1943 Gatling proceeded to Trinidad, British West Indies, to escort aircraft carrier  to Norfolk. Gatling stood out from Norfolk 3 December, escorting  through the Panama Canal to San Francisco, California, arriving 22 December. The next day she sailed for Pearl Harbor.

1944
On 16 January 1944 Gatling sortied with the Fast Carrier Task Force (then Fifth Fleet's TF 58, also known as Third Fleet's TF 38) to support the forthcoming invasion of the Marshall Islands; thereafter, Gatling was continuously with the carrier task forces as they struck Japanese outposts and finally hit the heart of Japan itself.

In February the first carrier strikes against Truk occurred. Gatling provided fire support during the raid and screened the flattops during raids on the Marianas a few days later. In March she joined in the attack on Emirau Island and at the beginning of April in the air strikes against the Palau Archipelago. Steaming south to strike Hollandia, Wakde Airfield, Sawar Airfield and Sarmi, Western New Guinea, the task force supported Army landings at Aitape, Tanahmerah Bay, and Humboldt Bay from 21 to 26 April. During this action, Gatling stood radar picket duty and directed fighter planes. After new attacks on Truk late April 1944, Gatling supported the invasion and occupation of the Marianas from 10 June to 5 July. In the Battle of the Philippine Sea, 19 and 20 July, Gatling was credited with shooting down or aiding in the destruction of six Japanese planes.

Late that month, carrier task forces again struck the Palaus and blasted Yap and Ulithi. In early August the Bonin Islands became targets for Gatling guns, and in September the carriers she guarded repeatedly struck Japanese targets in the Philippines.

October saw attacks against Okinawa beginning on 10 October and against Formosa, Luzon, and the Visayas from ll-23 October. On 24 October, after enemy bombs had sunk the light aircraft carrier  in the Battle of the Sibuyan Sea, Gatling rescued over 300 of the vessel's survivors. For heroism in saving these men, four Gatling crewmen were awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, and 16 others received the Bronze Star.

Gatling landed the survivors at Ulithi and rejoined the carrier task force for November and December strikes against the Philippines. After powerful Typhoon Cobra, in which three destroyers capsized, Gatling searched for survivors and helped to save over 100 men from the sea.

1945
At Christmas 1944, the destroyer returned to Ulithi. The task force sortied 29 December to strike Formosa and Luzon during January 1945. Hoping to locate and destroy a Japanese fleet in that area, Admiral William Halsey took the task force into the South China Sea 10 January and hit targets in Indochina and on the China coast.

In the middle of February, the carriers launched initial attacks against Honshū with Tokyo as their main target. As part of a picket line over 30 miles in advance of the main forces, Gatling was once within  of Honshū. On 19 and 20 February, as part of Destroyer Division 99 (DesDiv 99), she escorted  and  to Iwo Jima to support the gallant Marines who were fighting to wrest that volcanic fortress from Japan to become a base for B-29s damaged over the home islands. Rejoining the carrier task force, Gatling aided in new strikes against Honshū and Okinawa in late February and early March. She returned to Iwo Jima independently and throughout March blasted Japanese shore batteries to support the invasion. During this duty, the versatile and busy destroyer saved the entire crew of a B-29 bomber forced down while returning from a mission against Nagoya.

On 29 March 1945, she stood out from Iwo Jima, escorting transports carrying victorious marines to Guam. The destroyer then sailed to the United States for well-earned overhaul and repairs, arriving San Francisco 18 April.

After repairs and refresher training, Gatling escorted  and  to Eniwetok, bombarding Wake Island en route. Continuing to escort New Jersey, she arrived at Guam 9 August. There the news came that Japan had accepted the provisions of the Potsdam Declaration and agreed to surrender. Gatling now headed for Japan escorting transports bearing the 4th Marine Division as the 3d Fleet rendezvoused off Japan. On 3 September 1945, Gatling steamed into Tokyo Bay as a unit of the Allied Naval Occupation Forces of Japan.

During her aggressive career in World War II, Gatling traveled over  and fired 77 tons of high explosives from her guns. She sank two enemy ships and splashed eight Japanese planes, either as kills or assists. In addition to her other rescue missions, preserving the lives of over 400 sailors, she saved 37 aviators forced to ditch at sea. Finally, these heroic exploits through two busy battle-filled years were accomplished without the loss of a single man from enemy action, sickness, or accident.

Gatling decommissioned 16 July 1946 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Charleston, South Carolina

1951–60
After fighting erupted in Korea, the veteran destroyer recommissioned 4 June 1951 at Charleston, South Carolina. Until August 1952, she operated off the Atlantic coast and in the West Indies before proceeding to the Boston Navy Yard for repairs.

In the fall of 1952, Gatling (as a unit of the NATO forces) stood out of Newport, Rhode Island, bound for Europe; she visited Scotland, Norway, and Belgium in Operation Mainbrace. Later she was active in Operation Springboard, calling at St. Thomas, Virgin Islands and San Juan, Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea. Returning to the Far Eastern waters she knew so well, Gatling arrived at Tokyo 3 June 1953, and joined Task Force 77. supporting United Nations forces in Korea. Then, following the sun, she steamed to Manila, Saigon, Singapore, Colombo, and, passing through the Suez Canal, called at France] and Portugal. She returned to Philadelphia in December 1953.

After repairs and training in New England waters, Gatling sailed to Portugal, France, and Italy. Recrossing the Atlantic and transiting the Panama Canal, the destroyer arrived Guayaquil, Ecuador, 7 October 1955. The following year she visited France and Cuba as a part of her varied operating schedule.

In 1957 Gatling again took part in NATO exercises, calling at Spain, Greece, Turkey, and Lebanon. Further operations brought her to England, to Spain again, and in 1958 to San Juan and Cuba. Her last major operations took her to Mediterranean ports of call, Pakistan and Iran, after which Gatling returned to her home base at Rhode Island 11 October 1959.

Gatling, after distinguished service in war and peace, again decommissioned 2 May 1960 and entered the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Norfolk. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 1 December 1974, sold 22 February 1977 and broken up for scrap.

Awards
Gatling received eight battle stars for World War II service and one battle star for Korean War service.

References

External links

navsource.org: USS Gatling
hazegray.org: USS Gatling

World War II destroyers of the United States
Korean War destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Kearny, New Jersey
1943 ships
Fletcher-class destroyers of the United States Navy

USS Gatling


Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest (September 28, 1690 – March 29, 1766) was a military engineer, physicist and cartographer, born in Geneva and so a citizen of the then Republic of Geneva, now in Switzerland. Born into the aristocracy, he eventually fled to France as an enemy of Geneva and eventually spent his later years in Aarburg Castle as a political prisoner. During his time there, he mapped the Alps accurately using rudimentary tools. One of his other major accomplishments whilst in exile was to create a thermometer and a temperature scale, which was commonly used in Switzerland and around Europe until it became obsolete in the 19th century.

Life before exile
Du Crest was born into the aristocracy, and during a period in the military he became a Captain and military engineer by the age of 23. In 1721, after leaving the army, he took up his place as a member of the Genevan parliament, as was his family's right, specialising in security. During his time in the parliament, Du Crest argued against the Genevan oligarchy and was an outspoken critic of the planned wall around Geneva. Eventually, due to his views and publishing pamphlets such as "Maxims of a Republican", he was declared an enemy of Geneva, his rights as a citizen were revoked, his lands were confiscated and he was sentenced to death. Du Crest fled to France in 1730, and an effigy was symbolically beheaded in 1735.

Life in exile and as a political prisoner
Whilst in France, Du Crest spent much of his time dedicated to scientific study. He made advances in the study of temperature and came up with a recognised temperature scale which was used in Switzerland for many years. Du Crest was still outspoken regarding political issues, and lost the support of the people protecting him in France. He was forced to flee again across Europe in 1744, stopping in major cities such as Zurich and Bern, until he became ill and was hospitalised in Bern's Inselspital, where he was arrested in 1746. He was moved to Aarburg Castle, after getting involved with Samuel Henzi's conspiracy, where he was held as a political prisoner for the remainder of his life.

Scientific achievements
Du Crest devoted a significant portion of his life in exile to scientific study, making pioneering developments in cartography and the measurement of temperature.

Temperature scale
Du Crest believed that the temperature of the Earth was fundamentally fixed, based on the supposition that cellars and mines maintained an equal temperature. He used this "temperature of the terrestrial globe" as one fixed point, measured in a cellar  below Paris Observatory, and the temperature of boiling water as a second fixed point. His scale between these points was then divided into one hundred equal degrees.

Thermometer
Du Crest rejected mercury thermometers, stating that the substance was too difficult to purify, preferring instead alcohol which had passed the gunpowder test. He created a thermometer based the expansion of alcohol, calibrated using mercury. He further published works that explained his belief that alcohol expanded more regularly than mercury, and his experiments matched his scale more accurately than mercury did.

Mapping the Alps

During his time at Aarburg Castle  he published many meteorological papers and created a cartographical drawing of the Alps as viewed from the castle. Without any modern equipment, such as a theodolite or telescope he instead used an eight-meter long gutter pipe, filled with water to measure levels and a small rod held in front of it, he could measure the heights of the peaks. He then used the Scheuchzer map of 1712 to calculate the distances away, and drew the first scientific panorama of the Alps.

References

1690 births
1766 deaths
Physicists from the Republic of Geneva
Politicians from the Republic of Geneva
Military engineers
18th-century physicists
18th-century cartographers
18th-century scientists from the Republic of Geneva

Jacques-Barthélemy Micheli du Crest


Uncle Sam (which has the same initials as United States) is a common national personification of the federal government of the United States or the country in general. Since the early 19th century, Uncle Sam has been a popular symbol of the U.S. government in American culture and a manifestation of patriotic emotion. Uncle Sam has also developed notoriety for his appearance in military propaganda, popularized by a famous 1917 World War I recruiting poster by J. M. Flagg.

According to legend, the character came into use during the War of 1812 and may have been named for Samuel Wilson. The actual origin is obscure. The first reference to Uncle Sam in formal literature (as distinct from newspapers) was in the 1816 allegorical book The Adventures of Uncle Sam, in Search After His Lost Honor by Frederick Augustus Fidfaddy, Esq.

While the figure of Uncle Sam specifically represents the government, the female figure of Columbia represents the United States as a nation. An archaic character, Brother Jonathan, was known to represent the American populace.

Earlier personifications

The earliest known personification of the United States was as a woman named Columbia, who first appeared in 1738 (pre-US) and sometimes was associated with another female personification, Lady Liberty.

With the American Revolutionary War of 1775 came Brother Jonathan, a male personification. Brother Jonathan saw full literary development into the personification of American national character through the 1825 novel Brother Jonathan by John Neal.

Uncle Sam finally appeared after the War of 1812. Columbia appeared with either Brother Jonathan or Uncle Sam, but her use declined as a national person in favor of Liberty, and she was effectively abandoned once she became the mascot of Columbia Pictures in the 1920s.

A March 24, 1810, journal entry by Isaac Mayo (a midshipman in the US Navy) states:
weighed anchor stood down the harbor, passed Sandy Hook, where there are two light-houses, and put to sea, first and the second day out most deadly seasick, oh could I have got onshore in the hight [sic] of it, I swear that uncle Sam, as they call him, would certainly forever have lost the services of at least one sailor.

Evolution

An 1810 edition of Niles' Weekly Register has a footnote defining Uncle Sam as "a cant term in the army for the United States." Presumably, it came from the abbreviation of the United States of America: U.S.

Samuel Wilson legend

The precise origin of the Uncle Sam character is unclear, but a popular legend is that the name "Uncle Sam" was derived from Samuel Wilson, a meatpacker from Troy, New York, who supplied rations for American soldiers during the War of 1812. There was a requirement at the time for contractors to stamp their name and where the rations came from onto the food they were sending. Wilson's packages were labeled "E.A.—U.S." When someone asked what that stood for, a co-worker jokingly said, "Elbert Anderson [the contractor] and Uncle Sam," referring to Wilson, though the U.S. actually stood for "United States".

Doubts have been raised as to the authenticity of this story, as the claim did not appear in print until 1842. Additionally, the earliest known mention definitely referring to the metaphorical Uncle Sam is from 1810, predating Wilson's contract with the government.

Development of the character

In 1835, Brother Jonathan made a reference to Uncle Sam, implying that they symbolized different things: Brother Jonathan was the country itself, while Uncle Sam was the government and its power.

A clockmaker in an 1849 comedic novel explains "we call...the American public Uncle Sam, as you call the British John Bull."

By the 1850s, the names Brother Jonathan and Uncle Sam were being used nearly interchangeably, to the point that images of what had previously been called "Brother Jonathan" were being called "Uncle Sam". Similarly, the appearance of both personifications varied wildly. For example, one depiction of Uncle Sam in 1860 showed him looking like Benjamin Franklin, while a contemporaneous depiction of Brother Jonathan looks more like the modern version of Uncle Sam, though without a goatee.

An 1893 article in The Lutheran Witness claims Uncle Sam was simply another name for Brother Jonathan:When we meet him in politics we call him Uncle Sam; when we meet him in society we call him Brother Jonathan. Here of late Uncle Sam alias Brother Jonathan has been doing a powerful lot of complaining, hardly doing anything else.

Uncle Sam did not get a standard appearance, even with the effective abandonment of Brother Jonathan near the end of the American Civil War, until the well-known recruitment image of Uncle Sam was first created by James Montgomery Flagg during World War I. The image was inspired by a British recruitment poster showing Lord Kitchener in a similar pose. It is this image more than any other that has influenced the modern appearance of Uncle Sam: an elderly white man with white hair and a goatee, wearing a white top hat with white stars on a blue band, a blue tail coat, and red-and-white-striped trousers.

Flagg's depiction of Uncle Sam was shown publicly for the first time, according to some, on the cover of the magazine Leslie's Weekly on July 6, 1916, with the caption "What Are You Doing for Preparedness?" More than four million copies of this image were printed between 1917 and 1918. Flagg's image was also used extensively during World War II, during which the US was codenamed "Samland" by the German intelligence agency Abwehr. The term was central in the song "The Yankee Doodle Boy", which was featured in 1942 in the musical Yankee Doodle Dandy.

There are two memorials to Uncle Sam, both of which commemorate the life of Samuel Wilson: the Uncle Sam Memorial Statue in Arlington, Massachusetts, his birthplace; and a memorial near his long-term residence in Riverfront Park, Troy, New York. Wilson's boyhood home can still be visited in Mason, New Hampshire. Samuel Wilson died on July 31, 1854, aged 87, and is buried in Oakwood Cemetery, Troy, New York.

In 1976, Uncle Sam was depicted in "Our Nation's 200th Birthday, The Telephone's 100th Birthday" by Stanley Meltzoff for Bell System.

In 1989, "Uncle Sam Day" became official. A Congressional joint resolution designated September 13, 1989, as "Uncle Sam Day", the birthday of Samuel Wilson. In 2015, the family history company MyHeritage researched Uncle Sam's family tree and claims to have tracked down his living relatives.

See also
 Uncle Sam billboard
 Personification of the Americas
 Propaganda in the United States

References

Further reading
 Bivins, Thomas H. "The body politic: the changing shape of Uncle Sam." Journalism Quarterly 64.1 (1987): 13-20.
 Dewey, Donald. The art of ill will: The story of American political cartoons (NYU Press, 2007). online

 Gerson, Thomas I. The Story of Uncle Sam: Godfather of America (March 1959) West Sand Lake, NY: "Uncle Sam" Enterprises, Inc.
 Mouraux, Cecile, and Jean-Pierre Mouraux. Who Was "Uncle Sam": Illustrated Story of the Life of Our National Symbol. Sonoma, CA: Poster Collector (2006).
 Jacques, George W. The Life and Times of Uncle Sam (2007). Troy, NY: IBT Global. .
 Palczewski, Catherine H. "The male Madonna and the feminine Uncle Sam: Visual argument, icons, and ideographs in 1909 anti-woman suffrage postcards." Quarterly Journal of Speech 91.4 (2005): 365-394. online

 Wilde, Lukas RA, and Shane Denson. "Historicizing and Theorizing Pre-Narrative Figures—Who is Uncle Sam?." Narrative 30.2 (2022): 152-168. online

 A collection of reviews of the book "Who Was Uncle Sam" by Jean-Pierre and Cecile Moreaux.

External links

Uncle Sam: The man and the meme by Natalie Elder (National Museum of American History)
Historical Uncle Sam pictures

What's the origin of Uncle Sam? The Straight Dope
Uncle Sam online, links to 550 books

American culture
Fictional American people
Legendary American people
National symbols of the United States
National personifications
Holiday characters
Fictional characters introduced in the 19th century

Uncle Sam


Dongara is a town  north-northwest of Perth, Western Australia on the Brand Highway. The town is located at the mouth of the Irwin River.

Dongara is the seat of the Shire of Irwin. At the  the shire had a population of 3,569, with 2,782 residing in the contiguous towns of Dongara and Port Denison.

History

The place name 'Dongara' is an anglicised rendition of Thung-arra, the local Wattandee people's name for the estuary adjacent to the town, meaning 'sea lion place'.

European settlement around the estuary began in 1853 when a harbourmaster, Edward Downes, was stationed there to look out for passing ships.  He was employed by Lockier Burges, Edward Hamersley, Samuel Pole Phillips and Bartholomew Urban Vigors' Cattle Company, which was granted 60,000 acres of pastoral leases about 15 kilometres inland. By the 1860s, ex-convict small farmers were occupying the local river flats, and a flour mill (the Irwin or Smith's Mill) was operating.  A townsite was surveyed, and in 1871 it became the seat of a local council established that year (now the Irwin Shire Council), and site of a police station and public school.  The Anglican Church of St John the Baptist and a Methodist Church were built in the 1880s.

In the 1890s, the larger Royal Steam Roller Flour Mill was built on the flats next to the new Midland Railway line that connected the district to Perth. The town slowly developed, and although still a comparatively small village by the time of Federation in 1901, it had several churches, municipal offices and hall, a variety of shops, two hotels, a public school and a railway station. The nearby localities were populated by wheat and sheep farmers, centred on the hamlets of Bookara, Irwin and Strawberry. There was also a small population of fishermen, including several Chinese men, at Port Denison.

Dongara is the centre for a small oil and natural gas industry that began with the discovery of the Dongara Gas Field in 1966.

Notable people from or associated with Dongara
 Sir David Brand (1912–1979), 19th Premier of Western Australia, born at Dongara
 Nathan Broad (1993– ), Australian rules footballer and 3 time AFL premiership player
 Robert Bruning (1928–2008), born Robert Bell, PMG linesman, sales manager, actor, film producer, screenwriter, script editor
 Jamie Elliott (1992– ), Australian rules footballer
 Carmen Lawrence (1948- ), 25th Premier of Western Australia
 Cranston Albury McEachern (1905–1983), Australian army officer and solicitor
 Jaeger O'Meara (1994– ), Australian rules footballer
 Roxanne Roux, AFLW player

References

External links

 Shire of Irwin
 Dongara Information

Coastal towns in Western Australia
Shire of Irwin
Fishing communities in Australia

Dongara, Western Australia


tbh was an anonymous social media app available in the United States, designed for high school students. The app was launched by Nikita Bier, Erik Hazzard, Kyle Zaragoza, and Nicolas Ducdodon in September 2017. Investors included Greylock Partners, Redpoint Ventures, Founders Fund, Semyon Dukach, Bee Partners, Dorm Room Fund, and American serial entrepreneur and investor Wayne Chang.

In October 2017, tbh was ranked #1 in the U.S. App Store, and Meta Platforms (then known as Facebook inc.) subsequently acquired the company for an estimated $100 million. tbh became one of the company's brands, alongside Facebook (app), WhatsApp, Instagram, Messenger, and Oculus VR. However, on July 2, 2018, Facebook announced that tbh would be discontinued, due to low usage.

In August 2018, Buzzfeed News acquired a confidential memo in which the app's founders explained how they used Instagram to target teenagers at specific schools, playing to their curiosity and timing their messages to take advantage of the end of the school day.

In August 2022, tbh was relaunched as Gas by co-creator Nikita Bier, with the same concept of being an anonymous social media app, in which high school students give each other compliments; this was acquired by Discord in early 2023.

See also
 Whisper
 Yik Yak

References

2017 establishments in the United States
Internet properties established in 2017
Defunct social networking services
2017 software
IOS software
Companies based in San Francisco
Meta Platforms acquisitions
2017 mergers and acquisitions
Internet properties disestablished in 2018

Tbh (app)


The Peace Funtain is a bronze sculptur 40 fit (12.3 m) heich on the groonds o the Episcopal cathedral in New York Ceety, the Cathedral o St. John the Divine in Manhattan. It wis designed bi Greg Wyatt, the cathedral's Sculptor in Residence, an shows the Airchangel Michael wha haes juist killt Lucifer. Awtho cried a funtain it disna hae watter. In a raing aroond the Peace Funtain are mony smaw bronze sculpturs o ainimals atween aboot five an twal inches in heicht designed bi bairns o various ages.

Sculptur
Michael (airchaungel)

Peace Funtain


Essen-Steele is located in the district of Essen-Steele in the German city of Essen in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg line and is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station. It is served by the RB 33 (Rhein-Niers-Bahn) Aachen / Heinsberg, RE 49 (Wupper-Lippe-Express) and Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1, S3 and S9.

History

The section of the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway between Essen and Bochum via Wattenscheid was opened by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company on 1 March 1862. A station was built in the town of Steele, which is now called Essen-Steele Ost station.

The opening of the Ruhr bridge in Steele on 1 June 1863 connected the Wuppertal-Vohwinkel–Essen-Überruhr railway to Steele. This line had been operated by the Bergisch-Märkische Railway Company to the Ruhr opposite Steele since 1854, when it had taken over the Prince William Railway Company.

In 1901, Steele West station was opened, serving passengers only. The station building was completed in 1912. The station was renamed Essen-Steele West (then with the abbreviation of ESTW) on 14 May 1950 and it has been called Essen-Steele since 27 May 1979. The former Essen-Steele station was renamed Essen-Steele Ost.

The old station building was demolished in the early 1970s during the establishment of the plaza in front of the station and the rearrangement of transport arrangements.

The opening of the viaduct between Steele West and Überruhr on 1 February 1978 shortened the train running time between Wuppertal and Essen because previously all trains on this route had to reverse in Essen-Steele Ost station. Local transport service N9 was operated by push-pull trains because the line to Wuppertal was not electrified until 2003. It has been served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn line S 9 since December 2003. It has been served by lines S 1 and S 3 since 1974.

Current situation
The station is only served by the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn. It lies on the Witten/Dortmund–Oberhausen/Duisburg railway (timetable route 450.1) and connects to the Ruhr Valley Railway to Hattingen (Ruhr) Mitte (timetable route 450.3).

In Deutsche Bahn's directory of operating points, the station is given the abbreviation of EEST and it is classified by Deutsche Bahn as a category 4 station.

Since the opening of the transport plaza south of Steele station in 1978, it forms together with Essen-Steele Station one of the main transport hubs in Essen. It was designed to connect bus and tram passengers with Steele station so that they can quickly continue into the centre of Essen and to the neighbouring towns over the S-Bahn. From the beginning of 2009, the whole area was renovated, optimising pedestrian routes between modes and improving general accessibility, including to the S-Bahn platforms, so that the area, after being temporarily closed, was restored to operation on 28 August 2010. Two thirds of the reconstruction costs of approximately €9 million was met by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the remaining costs were divided between the city of Essen and the transport operators.

Services
It is served by two Regional-Express services: the RB 33 (Rhein-Niers-Bahn) Aachen / Heinsberg (every 60 minutes) and the RE 49 (Wupper-Lippe-Express), Wuppertal Hbf – Wesel (every 60 minutes). It is also served by Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn lines S1 (every 15 minutes), S3 (every 30 minutes), S9 (every 30 minutes).

It is served by Essen tram lines 103 (peak hours only to Hollestr, Borbeck and Dellwig) and 109 (to Porscheplatz, Altendorf and Frohnhausen), both at 10-minute intervals. It is also served by 10 bus routes.

References

External links

S1 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
S3 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
S9 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)
Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn stations
Steele
Railway stations in Germany opened in 1901

Essen-Steele station


The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of botanists who came together to get a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants (angiosperms). They wanted to base it on plant relationships got from phylogeny.

Four versions of a classification system have come from this collaboration. They were published in 1998, 2003, 2009 and 2016. Earlier angiosperm classifications were not based on monophyletic groups (i.e., groups that include all the descendants of a common ancestor).

Principles of the APG system

The principles of the APG's approach to classification were set out in the first paper of 1998, and have remained unchanged in subsequent revisions. Briefly, these are:

 The Linnean system of orders and families should be kept.
"The family is central in flowering plant systematics". Classifying families in orders is a "reference tool of broad utility". Orders are  of particular value in teaching, and in studying family relationships.
 Groups should be monophyletic (i.e. consist of all descendants of a common ancestor).
The main reason why existing systems are rejected is because they do not have this property. They are not proved to be phylogenetic.
 A limited number of larger orders will be more useful than lots of small orders.
 Above or parallel to the level of orders and families, the term clades is used more freely. Some clades have later been given formal names. The authors say that it is "not possible, nor is it desirable" to name all clades in a phylogenetic tree. However, systematists need to agree on names for some clades, particularly orders and families, for communication and discussion.

For a detailed discussion on phylogenetic nomenclature, see Cantino et al 2007.

The latest version is APG IV.

Reference

Plant taxonomy
Scientific organizations

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group


A Feast in Time of Plague (Пир во время чумы in Cyrillic, Pir vo vremya chumy in English transliteration) is an opera (literally labeled "dramatic scenes") in one act by César Cui, composed in 1900.  The libretto was taken verbatim from the 1830 play A Feast in Time of Plague, one of the four Little Tragedies by Aleksandr Pushkin.  The title has been translated also as Feast in the Time of the Plague and Feast during the Plague.

Cui composed and published the two songs in the play (i.e., "Mary's Song" and "Walsingham's Hymn") separately in the decade before the opera was formally composed.

Performance history
The opera was premiered on 11 November 1901 (Old Style), in Moscow at the Noviy Theater.  Although it never became part of the standard repertory, Feast was revived by the Tchaikovsky Opera in Perm, Russia in 1999 as part of a Pushkin-bicentennial performance of all four of the operatic settings of the Little Tragedies, i.e., Dargomyzhsky's The Stone Guest, Rimsky-Korsakov's Mozart and Salieri, and Rachmaninoff's The Miserly Knight.

Feast was given its American premiere on October 14, 2009 by the Little Opera Theatre of New York, directed by Philip Shneidman.

A CD recording of Feast was issued on the Chandos label in 2004, with the Russian State Symphony Orchestra under Valery Polyansky.

Because of its timely subject matter and relatively small performance forces, A Feast in Time of Plague has received renewed interest during the COVID-19 pandemic, with virtual productions popping up in Brazil, Sweden, and Russia, among others.

Characters and setting
President (Walsingham): baritone
Young Man: tenor
Priest: bass
Mary: mezzo-soprano
Louisa: soprano
A Negro: (silent role)
Feasting men and women: chorus

Setting:  London, 1665, on a terrace.

Synopsis
In the midst of a feast, a Young Man calls for everyone to remember and raise a toast to one of their friends who recently died from the plague.  Walsingham, however, stops them and calls for a moment of silence instead.  He then requests that Mary sing something sad before the merriment resumes.  He is touched by her  song, but Louisa thinks that Mary is just playing on his emotions.

Louisa's cynical rant is interrupted by the creaking sounds of a dead-cart passing by.  She faints; when she comes to, she asks to know whether she was only dreaming about the cart.  The Young Man tries to cheer her up, and asks Walsingham to sing something in honor of the plague.

When Walsingham finishes singing his hymn, the Priest enters, chastises the merrymakers for disrespecting the dead, and begs them to leave.  When the Priest attempts to shame Walsingham by bringing up the memory of the latter's recently deceased mother and wife, Walsingham sends the Priest away and then remains lost in thought.  The feasters return to their meal, momentarily interrupted by distant sounds of a funeral procession.

Bibliography
Babalowa, Maria.  "Fünf Vögel in einem Käfig," Opernwelt, Juni 1999, pp. 20–21. (Concerning the revival in Perm.)

Bernandt, G.B. Словарь опер впервые поставленных или изданных в дореволюционной России и в СССР, 1736-1959 [Dictionary of Operas First Performed or Published in Pre-Revolutionary Russia and in the USSR, 1836-1959] (Москва: Советский композитор, 1962), pp. 227.

Isaakian, Georgii. "Русское Кольцо" ["A Russian Ring"], Музыкальная академия, 1999, no. 2, pp. 22–30. (Concerning the revival in Perm.)

Cui, César. Пир во время чумы: драматические сцены А.С. Пушкина [Feast in Time of Plague: dramatic scenes by A.S. Pushkin]. Clavierauszug. Leipzig:  Belaieff, 1901.

Nazarov, A.F. Цезарь Антонович Кюи (Cesar Antonovich Cui) (Moskva: Muzyka, 1989).

External links
 The Russian libretto in transliteration (Note: the sung text is the same as the dialogue in Pushkin's play; some stage directions are different.)

Operas by César Cui
Operas based on works by Aleksandr Pushkin
1901 operas
Operas
Russian-language operas
One-act operas
Operas based on plays

A Feast in Time of Plague (Cui opera)


Vennela () is a 2005 Telugu romantic comedy film written and directed by Deva Katta, starring Raja and Parvati Melton as well as Sharwanand and Ravi Varma. Vennela was well received among the young, urban audiences and south Indian students in USA mostly from Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana, India. 90% of the film was shot in Michigan, United States. The American university setting was shot at Wayne State University main campus in Detroit and Oakland University in Rochester. Only 10% of the film was shot at City College Hyderabad. The film grossed  5.3 crore at the box office. The film has a sequel Vennela 1½ (2012) made by Vennela Kishore.

Plot
Pavani (Parvati Melton) is an independent woman, who wants to pursue higher education in USA. She has been in a committed relationship with Ritesh (Sharvanand), her classmate and son of a millionaire. Ritesh was an intelligent and popular guy in college. He draws hostility, jealousy, and enmity with his college mate Sayeed (Ravi Varma), who was also interested in Pavani, albeit secretly. Sayeed introduces him to smoking, drinking and college politics. Ritesh loses himself in those activities which disappoints Pavani. She tries to make him responsible but fails. She decides to break up with him several times but is convinced to change her mind by him. At last she decides to break up and moves to United States to pursue higher education and to keep away from him.

While celebrating her upcoming departure to the USA with her friends, Pavani meets Naveen (Raja) and his friends, who happen to get admitted to the same college as hers. Naveen and his friends go through culture shock and the troubles faced in studying in the US and trying for a part-time job including an Indian restaurant owner, Pachadlla Paramanandam (Brahmanandam). Sayeed, also a student of the same university, is aware of Pavani's strained relationship with Ritesh.

Sayeed tries to mess up with Pavani and Ritesh's life to satisfy his ego and provokes Ritesh by lying about Pavani's relationship with Naveen. As Naveen and Pavani become closer, Sayeed brings Ritesh to the USA on a student visa to sabotage their relationship. On the other hand, Ritesh's father tries to woo Pavani with the property that will be inherited by Ritesh upon her marriage to him. But Pavani rejects his dad's offer. Ritesh becomes hostile towards Pavani: he believes he was used and cheated on and that he is innocent.

Ritesh's dad advises him not to get involved with a woman like Pavani, who doesn't want anything to do with Ritesh. His father reminds him that he is lucky to be born in a wealthy family, get a good education, and could settle down with his dad's inherited property. However, Ritesh ignores his dad's advice.

The rest of the plot depicts situations that deal with Ritesh's agony at being rejected by Pavani and also on realising that he is a victim of Sayeed's scheme when he chances upon morphed images of Pavani. Subsequently Ritesh becomes psychotic. He kills Sayeed at the university campus and attacks Pavani and Naveen by hiding in their car while they return from work. Just as Ritesh shoots Naveen in the neck, the cops arrive with an ambulance and rescue Naveen and Pavani by shooting Ritesh to death. The film highlights situations that leads people like Ritesh, to dig their own graves by getting into bad company.

Cast
 Raja as Naveen
 Parvati Melton as Pavani
 Sharwanand as Ritesh
 Ravi Varma as Sayeed
 Brahmanandam as Pachadla Paramanandam / Paper Check
 Kishore as Khader Bhasha
 Madhu Reddiboina as Sunil
 Mohit as Pavan
 Paul Iafelice as Paul

Soundtrack

The soundtrack album was composed by Mahesh Shankar and released by Aalaap Music. The rights are now owned by Lahari Music. The lyrics were written by Deva Katta, with Ravi Varma collaborating on a single song, "Ningi Nela".

References

External links

2005 films
Indian romantic comedy films
2000s Telugu-language films
Films directed by Deva Katta
2005 romantic comedy films

Vennela


The Morita-za (森田座・守田座), also known later as the Shintomi-za (新富座), was one of the major Kabuki theaters in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) during the Edo period and into the beginning of the 20th century. It was established in January 1660, and run by the Morita family of actors until its destruction in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake which destroyed much of Tokyo.

History
The Morita-za was first built by Morita Tarōbei I and his son Morita Tashichi in 1660, in Edo's Kobiki-chō district. The theater would burn down only a few months later, and many more times over the years, but was always rebuilt (until 1923). It was designated as one of only four theaters allowed to operate in Edo, by a 1670 government edict; the other three officially designated theaters were the Nakamura-za, Ichimura-Takenojō-za, and Yamamura-za. After all four were destroyed in the 1703 Great Genroku fire, and rebuilt, there began a tradition of co-producing plays for New Year's celebrations.

The Morita-za experienced great success for a time, and took part in a number of major events along with the other three top theaters; for example, in 1717, Chikamatsu's Battles of Coxinga, performed at the Morita-za and two other theaters, was the first instance of a bunraku puppet play being adapted to kabuki.

However, in 1734, the Morita-za went bankrupt, and was forced to transfer the rights to its performances to another theatre, through the hikae yagura system. Kawarazaki Gonnosuke III of the Kawarazaki-za, took over the Morita-za's place as a designated theater for a decade or so. This relationship between the two theaters would continue through the Edo period, as the Morita-za went bankrupt numerous times in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Though on shaky ground in terms of financial stability, the Morita-za would see a great number of significant kabuki events over the following decades, including the introductory performances of many now-famous plays, and other such special occasions. In 1781, Ichikawa Danzō IV, performing at the Morita-za, became the first performer to take on seven roles in the grand epic Chushingura (The Tale of the 47 Ronin).

In 1858, after a number of closings and reopenings of the theater, the Morita-za opened once more, changing its name, however, from 「森田座」 to 「守田座」 (both are pronounced the same, as "Morita-za"). The character 守 (mori) means "protection", and this change was perhaps made to seek better luck for the theater, and protection from fire and from bankruptcy. The theater would then be moved and rebuilt in 1872, leaving Saruwaka-chō for Shintomi-chō; the new building was larger, and had a few new features, such as indoor toilets and a seating section for foreigners. A few years later, in 1875, the theater was renamed Shintomi-za, after the district, in celebration and recognition of its becoming a stock company (sogo shosha).

Though the theater would continue to be destroyed by fire, and to face financial difficulties, it continued to improve and to experiment. The Shintomi-za would be rebuilt bigger and better several times in the late 19th century, and experimented with new styles of productions. In September 1879, it premiered a play called Hyōryū Kidan Seiyō Kabuki (漂流気団西洋歌舞伎, "A strange story about drifters and Western Kabuki"); the story was one of Japanese exploring Europe and the United States, and featured a number of Western actors, and Italian-style arias. It was not well-received, and was a commercial failure in this first performance, but is representative of the kinds of experimentation and innovation that the Shintomi-za explored.

Morita Kanya XII, then head of the theater (zamoto) was forced to hand over official management duties in 1894, due to financial problems, but stayed on as producer until his death three years later. In 1909, the theater was bought out by the Shōchiku Corporation, though it continued to be managed by members of the Morita family.

Finally, in 1923, the Great Kantō earthquake destroyed much of the capital, including the Shintomi-za, which was never rebuilt.

References
Morita-za at Kabuki21.com

Former kabuki theatres
1660 establishments in Japan
Buildings and structures completed in 1660
1923 disestablishments

Morita-za


Maternity Allowance is a United Kingdom social security benefit for women who work but cannot get Statutory Maternity Pay.  It can be paid from 11th week before the baby is due.  It is paid by the Department for Work and Pensions.

It is paid to women who have worked and earned at least £30 a week for at least 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due.  They can also get it if they have worked with a partner who is self employed  in the 26 weeks in the 66 weeks before the baby is due.

It is £156.66 a week or 90% of average weekly earnings (whichever is less). It is paid for up to 39 weeks and is not taxed or means-tested.

References

Social security in the United Kingdom
Babies

Maternity Allowance


David Craig Hoopes (born August 15, 1942) was special assistant to the U.S. President from 1971 to 1977 and later an investment adviser.

Hoopes was born to Lorenzo Hoopes and his wife Stella in Twin Falls, Idaho.  As a young man he served a mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to Argentina. He received a BA in political science and an MA in International Public Administration from Brigham Young University.

Hoopes then received an MPA and Ph.D. from the University of Southern California. While working on these degrees he served as president of Anthony Craig & Associates in Los Angeles. He was also a consultant to a California legislative committee on reorganizing the Los Angeles Unified School District.

In 1971 Hoopes joined the Nixon Administration and was made Special Assistant to the President in 1974 . After Gerald Ford lost his bid for re-election, Hoopes returned to the private sector working for Bechtel Corporation.

From 1998 to 2001, Hoopes was president of the Chile Santiago South Mission of the LDS Church. From 2004 to 2007 he was president of the Caracas Venezuela Temple. He also served as a bishop in the LDS Church.

Hoopes married Diane Tuttle, the daughter of A. Theodore Tuttle. They are the parents of seven children.

Sources
bio from registry of Hoopes papers at Nixon Library
"New mission presidents", Church News, March 14, 1998

1942 births
20th-century Mormon missionaries
21st-century Mormon missionaries
Brigham Young University alumni
Living people
Mission presidents (LDS Church)
American Mormon missionaries in Chile
American Mormon missionaries in Argentina
Nixon administration personnel
People from Twin Falls, Idaho
Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church)
USC Sol Price School of Public Policy alumni
American expatriates in Venezuela
American leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Latter Day Saints from Idaho
Latter Day Saints from California

David C. Hoopes


POPOP or 1,4-bis(5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene is a scintillator.  It is used as a wavelength shifter (also called a "secondary scintillator"), which means that it converts shorter wavelength light to longer wavelength light.  Its output spectrum peaks at 410 nm, which is violet.  POPOP is used in both solid and liquid organic scintillators.

References

Phosphors and scintillators
Oxazoles

POPOP


Palmyra is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.

The suburb east of Fremantle appears to have been first established as the Palmyra Estate in 1903.
The north-eastern corner of Palmyra is some  from the Perth G.P.O.

The W.A. State Primary School the corner of what was then McKimmie Street (now McKimmie Road) between Zenobia and Aurelian Streets, was established in 1913. Its first Centenary was celebrated enthusiastically by students, residents and past pupils on Saturday 9 November 2013.
There is also a School associated with the Catholic Our Lady of Fatima Church at 8 Foss Street.
The St Peter and St Mark Anglican Church is a 2 Hammad Road. The Uniting Church is at the corner of Carrington Street and the Canning Highway.  The Seventh Day Adventist Church meets on Saturdays at 10 Cleopatra Street.

Palmyra includes the Fremantle Cemetery at its south-eastern suburb boundary, south of High Street/Leach Highway. Starting from its northern boundary, clockwise, Palmyra is bounded by the Canning Highway; by Stock Road on its East; by Sainsbury Road on its South; and in a dog-leg, by Carrington Street on its West, and Marmion Street on its South, and Petra Street on its West.

The Melville History Society meets at the Miller Bakehouse, corner of Elvira and Baal Streets, Palmyra.

There are a number of parks in Palmyra;

 King Victor's Green, between Hammad, Baal and Elvira Streets, where the Miller Bakehouse Museum is situated
 Emily Main Park, south of Palin Street,
 Geo Thompson Park on McKimmie Road diagonally opposite Palmyra Primary School
 Woolshed Park, bounded by McGregor Road, from Goy Close to Baal Street
 Dark Park on the corner of Carrington Street and McGregor Road
 Dinosaur Park on the corner of Carrington and Aurelian Streets
 Three Bears Park on the corner of Adrian and Tamar Streets
 Public open space on the corner of Justinian and Solomon Streets
 Reddings Reserve, interrupting the course of Baal Street between Cleopatra and Solomon Streets
 Oz Park on the corner of Aurelian and Justinian Streets
 John O'Sullivan Park on the corner of Marmion and Baal Streets
 Bill Sheehy Park between Justinian Street, McGregor Road and Leach Highway,
 Lou Stonham Park bordering Stock Road, between McGregor Road and Forrest Street and the turn off from Leach Highway.

References

External links

Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Melville

Palmyra, Western Australia


Skinks are a family of small lizards, the  Scincidae.  There are over 1,500 different species of skink.

Skinks are different from other lizards. They have very small legs and necks. Some have no legs at all; these move more like snakes than lizards. Their tails can grow back when part of it is cut off. This is called regeneration.

Skinks are small: most can only grow to be 12cm long. Some can grow to be 35cm. A trait  of skinks is a love of digging and burrowing. Underground they are mostly safe from predators. Sometimes they dig tunnels for easy navigation. They also use their tongues to sniff the air and track their prey. When they encounter their prey, they chase it down until they corner it or manage to land a bite and then swallow it whole. Some skinks live in trees. If they do, then they usually have longer fingers.

Many skinks are insectivorous. They may also eat other small invertebrates like earthworms, millipedes, slugs and snails. Some skinks supplement their diet with fruit and vegetables.

Skinks have been around a long time: their jawbones appear in the fossil record about 140 million years ago, during the early Cretaceous. Definitively skink fossils appear later, during the Miocene period.

References

Lizards

Skink


Alwyn Morris, CM (born November 22, 1957) is a retired Canadian sprint kayaker. A member of the Mohawk nation in Kahnawake, he is considered one of the most influential Indigenous athletes of all time. He is the first and only Aboriginal Canadian athlete who won a gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games and one of the only three North American aboriginals to do so, alongside Jim Thorpe and Billy Mills.

Sporting career

Early years
Morris was inspired to compete in elite level of canoeing while watching Olympic canoeing competition in his early teens. This pursuit received encouragement and guidance from his grandfather.

Morris' first notable canoeing accomplishment was winning the Canadian National Junior Title in 1977 for K-1 1,000 m, as well as K-1 500 m. He was the winner of multiple junior regional and provincial titles in late 1970s before he won six consecutive K-1 Canadian champions between 1980 and 1984.

Morris also won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (K-2 1000 m: 1982) and a bronze (K-2 500 m: 1983).

1984 Olympic Games
Morris was a medalist in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, winning a gold medal in K-2 1000 m, and a bronze medal in K-2 500 m with partner, Hugh Fisher.

The Eagle Feather Salute
After winning the gold medal in K-2 1000m race with fellow Canadian Hugh Fisher, Morris raised an eagle feather when he was standing on the podium. It created widespread influence among Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities.

In a 2009 interview, Morris revealed the intentions behind his eagle feather salute in 1984. First, he wanted to pay tribute to his grandparents, who raised him through his youth.  It was important for Morris to commemorate his grandfather, who died before he could witness Morris's achievement: "He wasn't there any longer and I needed to be able to show my respect for what he had taught me and went through with me."

Moreover, Morris saw his eagle feather salute as a way to share the victory with Indigenous Peoples in Canada but also demonstrated his Indigenous identity to Canadians: "It was pretty obvious I was there as an athlete representing Canada, and Canadians as a whole certainly were jubilant and happy that Hugh and I had accomplished our goal and brought home a gold medal for Canada...I am a Mohawk person, and I'm aboriginal in Canada and it was important for me to be self identified in order to share that with the other part of who I am."

The symbolism of Morris's Eagle Feather Salute has been compared with the Black Power salute of U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos in 1968 Olympics. They are both considered iconic examples where athletes used sport as a site to engage in political activism and resistance.

Other Activities
After the Oka Crisis in 1990, Morris started his endeavors in politics, specifically concerning issues related to Indigenous self-governance. He has been an active member of Mohawk Council of Kahnawake and a policy advisor on aboriginal rights and land issues.

Having a vision to create sport programs that would empower Indigenous athletes and youth, Morris also helped create Aboriginal Sport Circle, a national organization that concerns the interests of Aboriginal sport, in 1995. He currently serves as the chairperson of Aboriginal Sport Circle.

On December 8, 2009 Morris carried the Olympic torch through Kahnawake, Quebec as part of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Games torch relay.

Recognition
He received the National Aboriginal Achievement Award, now the Indspire Awards, in the sports category and won the Tom Longboat Award in 1977 and 1984 that recognizes Aboriginal athletes outstanding contributions to sport in Canada. Morris was made a member of the Order of Canada on December 23, 1985 as recognition for his canoeing success, as well as his continued work with youths for organizations including Health and Welfare Canada's Native Drug Abuse Programme. He was also inducted in Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2000.

His athletic achievements were considered highly influential for Indigenous communities across Canada. Joe Delaronde, a staff member of the Mohawk Council commented: "I could never even fathom, that somebody from this community would be the best in the entire world".

References
Alwyn Morris at The Canadian Encyclopedia

CBC News: Olympic Torch Cheered in Mohawk Community

External links

1957 births
Living people
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
Canadian male canoeists
Canadian Mohawk people
Canoeists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
First Nations sportspeople
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Indspire Awards
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Members of the Order of Canada
Olympic canoeists for Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in canoeing
Sportspeople from Quebec
Mohawks of Kahnawá:ke

Alwyn Morris


Joseph Henry Collins FGS, (16 March 1841 – 12 April 1916) was a British mining engineer, mineralogist and geologist. He died at his home, Crinnis House, near St Austell, on 12 April 1916 and is buried in Campdowns cemetery, Charlestown.

Career
He was at various times the Secretary or President of the three learned societies of Cornwall – Royal Geological Society of Cornwall (President from 1903–1904, and 1911–1912), the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society and the Royal Institution of Cornwall. Contributed significantly to the Transactions of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, and was awarded the Bolitho Medal by the RGSC in 1898. Collins was the founding Secretary of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland in 1876 and was involved in founding the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, becoming its Vice-President in 1892. He also lectured for, and was secretary of, The Miners Association.

Collins pioneered systematic exploration for china clay in the St Austell area, and had a long association with the area, as well as introducing both the filter press and the monitor to the china clay industry. From 1881–1884 he was the chief chemist and metallurgist for Rio Tinto mines in Spain but left due to ill health, possibly malaria. He died at his home in Crinnis, near St Austell, on 12 April 1916 and is buried in nearby Campdowns cemetery.

Personal life
Collins was educated at The Working Men's College and Birkbeck College in London. He married Frances Miriam Denny in 1863, and had five sons and four daughters. His sons included Arthur L. Collins, a mine manager murdered in America, and William Edward Collins, Bishop of Gibraltar in Europe. He died at his home in Crinnis, near St Austell, on 12 April 1916 and is buried in nearby Campdowns cemetery. A memorial was erected by the Mineralogical Society on 10 June 2005 at St Paul's Church, Charlestown.

In 2008, the Mineralogical Society established a new annual award, The Collins Medal, to recognise the lifetime contributions of scientists to pure or applied aspects of Mineral Sciences and associated studies. The Collins medal was first awarded in 2010, to Dr Henry Emeleus.

Selected publications
 A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon, 1871
 Principals of Metal Mining, 1874
 Mineralogy, 1877
 The Hensbarrow Granite District, 1878, republished 1992,

References

External links

1841 births
1916 deaths
Geologists from Cornwall
Mineralogists from Cornwall
English mining engineers
Mining in Cornwall
Engineers from London
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Presidents of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall
Burials in Cornwall

Joseph Henry Collins


Kua Fu () is a giant in Cheenese meethologie who wished tae captur the sun.

Ane day oot o the blue, Kua Fu wis perplexed bi the Sun's whauraboots at nicht an decidit tae chase an catch the Sun. Wi each stride he gets closer tae the Sun, housomeivver, he coud niver catch up tae it.

He follaed the Sun frae the East tae the Wast, drainin aw rivers an lakes crossin his path as sources o water tae quench his burnin thirst as he closed in on the starn.  Housomeivver, he wisna able tae finish his quest acause he dee'd o the extreme heat an exhaustion.

The widden club he wis carryin grew intae a vast forest. In modren day Cheenese uisage, the story o Kua Fu chasin the sun (夸父追日) is uised tae describe a person who fails tae obtain his goal acause he greatly owerestimates hissel.

References

Cheenese meethologie
Giants

Kua Fu