The Vision Bleak is a German gothic metal duo comprising Ulf Theodor Schwadorf (famous for his work with Empyrium and Noekk) and Allen B. Konstanz. The group's lyrics are noted for their horror themes and heavily allude to works of classic writers/filmmakers of the genre, such as H. P. Lovecraft, Edgar Allan Poe, George A. Romero and John Carpenter, among others. They self-describe their musical style, which mixes gothic metal, doom metal, symphonic metal and horror punk aesthetics, as "horror metal".

History
The Vision Bleak was formed in 2000, in the Bavarian city of Mellrichstadt, by Markus Stock (a.k.a. Ulf Theodor Schwadorf) and Tobias Schönemann (a.k.a. Allen B. Konstanz). Their first release was the independent extended play Songs of Good Taste, which came out in 2001 and contained, among other tracks, a cover of The Moody Blues' "Nights in White Satin". The EP caught the attention of Prophecy Productions, who approached them to record their first full-length, The Deathship Has a New Captain, on 23 February 2004; counting with a guest appearance by Dark Sanctuary vocalist Dame Pandora, it would be their first of many releases under the Prophecy label. A teaser EP containing two tracks which would eventually appear on the album was released the year prior.

In 2005 the band released "Carpathia", a promotional single for their then-upcoming second full-length, Carpathia: A Dramatic Poem, which came out on 29 August 2005.

On 31 August 2007, the band released their third studio album, The Wolves Go Hunt Their Prey – it is a loose concept album whose first part is based on the story of the Indian feral girls Amala and Kamala, and its second part is mostly composed of the "Black Pharaoh Trilogy", a series of three songs based on H. P. Lovecraft's short story "The Haunter of the Dark". A promo EP which served as a teaser for the album, Club Single, was released the month prior.

The band's fourth album, Set Sail to Mystery, came out on 2 April 2010; it would be their first album (and so far only) to not feature a teaser released before it. It is a concept album loosely based on the writings of Romantic poets such as Edgar Allan Poe, Heinrich Heine and Lord Byron (its opening track, "A Curse of the Grandest Kind", takes its lyrics from an excerpt of Byron's 1817 dramatic poem Manfred, while "Descend into Maelstrom" references in its lyrics and title Poe's short story "A Descent into the Maelström"), and also of H. P. Lovecraft and Clark Ashton Smith. Niklas Kvarforth of Shining was a guest musician on the album.

The band's fifth album, Witching Hour, came out on 27 September 2013. A stop motion music video for the track "The Wood Hag", directed and animated by Fursy Teyssier, was uploaded on Prophecy's official YouTube channel as a teaser on 4 September.

On 31 October 2015, The Vision Bleak announced that they would begin a tour around Europe, accompanied by John Haughm of Agalloch and Danish death-doom band Saturnus, to promote their sixth album, The Unknown, which was released on 3 June 2016. The "Into the Unknown Tour" lasted from 25 March to 20 August 2016. A four-track EP that served as a teaser to The Unknown, entitled The Kindred of the Sunset, was announced on 21 February 2016 and eventually released on 25 March. As a means to celebrate their 16th anniversary, and to introduce newcomers to their music, the band also released a compilation album entitled Timeline: An Introduction to The Vision Bleak as a companion to The Unknown.

On 27 December 2015, the band stated that Fursy Teyssier officially joined them as bassist for future live performances. Teyssier stayed with the band until 2017.

Band members

Line-up
 Ulf Theodor Schwadorf (a.k.a. "Markus Stock") – vocals, electric guitars, electric bass guitar, electronic keyboards (2000–present)
 Allen B. Konstanz (a.k.a. "Tobias Schönemann") – vocals, drum kit, electronic keyboards (2000–present)

Live musicians
 Fursy Teyssier – electric bass guitar (2015–2017)

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Compilations

Singles

References

External links

German gothic metal musical groups
German doom metal musical groups
German symphonic metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in Germany
Cthulhu Mythos music
Horror punk groups
German musical duos

The Vision Bleak


Florimond Van Duyse (4 August 1843 – 18 May 1910) was a Belgian lawyer, composer and musicologist.

Life
He was born in Ghent and went to school at Veurne, and to high school at the Atheneum in Ghent. Then he studied law at the Gentse Rijksuniversiteit, graduating as Doctor of Law in 1867. At the same time he studied music, with Karel Miry at the Ghent Conservatory, winning First Prize in Harmony (1859) and Counterpoint (1862).

In 1869 he became a counsel at the Court of Appeals in Ghent, and from 1876 on he was a prosecutor at the Military Court for Antwerp, Mons and Ghent. Here he fought for the use of the Dutch language in court proceedings, and finally made the first plea in Dutch at the Military Court in 1888.

He collected Dutch, Flemish and Walloon folk songs and published several volumes of them:
Het eenstemmig Fransch en Nederlandsch wereldlijk lied in de Belgische gewesten (1896)
De melodie van het Nederlandsche lied en hare rytmische vormen (1902)
Het oude Nederlandsche lied (1903–1908)
Het Nederlandsch liederboek (for the Willemsfonds)
Dit is een suverlick boecksken (for the Davidsfonds)

Van Duyse died at Ghent in 1910.

Works
Teniers te Grimbergen (opera, libretto by Prudens van Duyse, his father, premiered at Ghent in 1860)
Rosalinde (opera, libretto by Karel Versnaeyen, premiered at Antwerp in 1864)

External links
 Biography in Dutch at www.vi-host.net
 Free scores at the Mutopia Project
 Free scores at the Werner Icking Music Archive

1843 births
1910 deaths
Belgian classical composers
19th-century Belgian lawyers
Belgian male classical composers
Belgian opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century Belgian lawyers

Florimond Van Duyse


Bannister Mall was a shopping mall in the southeast corner of Kansas City, Missouri opened on August 6, 1980. After nearly 27 years of operation, the mall closed on May 31, 2007. It was originally anchored by Macy's (which became Dillard's in 1986), JCPenney, The Jones Store, and Sears.

History
Bannister Mall was built and opened in August 1980 at 5600 Bannister Road in Kansas City, Missouri between I-435 and Hillcrest Road. The area was once the site of the Three Trails (Santa Fe, California, and Oregon) and the Santa Fe trail actually crossed the original property. The mall was one of the largest malls in the Kansas City area and in the region in a previously vital and vibrant shopping area. The mall's original anchors were Macy's, JCPenney, The Jones Store and Sears. In the early 1980s, Bannister Mall was the "place to go" with a draw over a large area that was mostly from South Kansas City, suburban Jackson County, Missouri, and Johnson County, Kansas. In 1988-1990, an area north and east of the mall called Benjamin Plaza was added to the commercial retail area.

In the late 1980s, bus service from mid-town Kansas city was extended to the area, and by the mid to late 1990s with newer and more desirable developments further south and in Johnson County Kansas, the area began to wane. Also, due to consistent crime, the area around Bannister Mall earned a bad reputation. This combination led to the present blight of the area. JCPenney closed in 2000, followed by Dillard's in 2002 and The Jones Store in early 2005. In 2006, Sears closed leaving the mall anchor-less. Bannister Mall once hosted 180 stores, but by 2007 only 50 stores were open.

In April 2007, it was announced that due to low population and rising costs of operation that the mall would close. At the time, only half of the mall was open, with the northern part blocked off. The failure of the mall was largely due to migration to the suburbs and a perception of the area being unsafe. The only new construction in the area is the replacement of the Kansas City Fire Department's Fire Station 41, which once was facing Bannister Road and now is facing Hillcrest Road. The nearby Walmart Supercenter closed in January 2007, which was a day before a new Walmart opened on the site of the former Blue Ridge Mall now called Blue Ridge Crossing. The Bannister Wal-Mart was one of the company's earliest Hypermart stores, but it later changed to the Supercenter format. At the end of May 2007, Bannister Mall closed its doors.

Demolition and redevelopment
The mall was demolished in early 2009. In December 2009, the Kansas City Wizards, who had previously planned to build a new stadium on the site, finalized plans to build their stadium in Kansas instead.  Lane4 Property Group, Inc. stated that they would continue development of the Bannister Mall site, but as a retail and office project called The Trails. After much delay on August 1, 2013 Cerner Corporation, a large medical information technology firm based in the Kansas City area, announced they would redevelop the former Bannister Mall location as a major office park housing future expansion of their corporation and perhaps other business entities as well. Cerner will acquire 236 acres to meet expected future growth of the company and could eventually employ an additional 12,000 to 15,000 workers. According to Cerner officials the site will include a training center, potential future data centers, and worker amenities such as on-site daycare, a health clinic, food service, and a fitness center. The corporation may also make a portion of the land available for other business developments such as a hotel, retail stores, and restaurants. Cerner had originally expressed interest in the site in 2009, and at various other times since, however a deal could not be finalized.

References

External links
 Bannister Mall starts to fall
 Dead Malls.com feature on Bannister Mall
 3 Trails Village Community Improvement District's site (the district includes the mall area)
 "Mall's sad decline provides cautionary tale," Kansas City Star column by Mary Sanchez, May 21, 2007
 "The Trails" Lane4 Property Group's site about the redevelopment

Shopping malls in Missouri
Shopping malls established in 1980
Buildings and structures in Kansas City, Missouri
Economy of Kansas City, Missouri
Demolished shopping malls in the United States
1980 establishments in Missouri
2007 disestablishments in Missouri
Buildings and structures demolished in 2009
Demolished buildings and structures in Missouri

Bannister Mall


Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland (born 21 December 1966) is a Canadian actor and musician. He is best known for his starring role as Jack Bauer in the Fox drama series 24 (2001–2010, 2014), for which he won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and two Satellite Awards.

Sutherland got his first leading film role in the Canadian drama The Bay Boy (1984), which earned him a Genie Award nomination. Since that time he has had a successful film career, starring in films such as Stand by Me (1986), The Lost Boys (1987), Young Guns (1988), Flatliners (1990), A Few Good Men (1992), The Three Musketeers (1993), Freeway (1996), A Time to Kill (1996), Dark City (1998), Phone Booth (2002), Melancholia (2011), Pompeii (2014), and The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial (2023).

He has also starred as Martin Bohm in the Fox drama Touch, and provided the facial motion capture and English voice for Venom Snake in the video games Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain. He starred as President Tom Kirkman in the ABC/Netflix political drama series Designated Survivor.

Sutherland has been inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame and to Canada's Walk of Fame, and has received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Zurich Film Festival.

Early life
Sutherland was born on 21 December 1966 at St Mary's Hospital in the Paddington district of London, to Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas, both successful Canadian actors who had been living and working in England. He has a twin sister, Rachel Sutherland, who works as a post-production film supervisor. His maternal grandfather was Scottish-born Canadian politician and former Premier of Saskatchewan Tommy Douglas, who is widely credited for bringing universal health care to Canada.

Sutherland is named after American-born writer and director Warren Kiefer, who directed Donald Sutherland in his first feature film, Castle of the Living Dead.
Sutherland's family moved to Corona, California, in 1968. His parents divorced in 1970. In 1975, Sutherland moved with his mother to Toronto, Ontario. He attended Crescent Town Elementary School, St. Clair Junior High (now Gordon A. Brown Middle School) East York, and John G. Althouse Middle School in Toronto. He attended several high schools, including St. Andrew's College, Martingrove Collegiate Institute, Harbord Collegiate Institute, Silverthorn Collegiate Institute, Malvern Collegiate Institute, and Annex Village Campus. He also spent a semester at Regina Mundi Catholic College in London, Ontario and attended weekend acting lessons at Sir Frederick Banting Secondary School. Sutherland told Jimmy Kimmel Live! (2009) that he and Robert Downey Jr. were roommates for three years when he first moved to Hollywood to pursue his career in acting. He and Downey also starred together in the film 1969 (1988).

Career

1980s: Rise to fame in Hollywood
Sutherland made his screen debut in Max Dugan Returns (as did Matthew Broderick), in which his father Donald Sutherland also starred. Sutherland was one of the contenders for the role of Glen Lantz in the original A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), which ultimately became Johnny Depp's feature film debut.

After receiving critical acclaim for his role as Donald Campbell in The Bay Boy, Sutherland moved to Hollywood. Stand by Me was the first film Sutherland made in the United States. In the film, directed by Rob Reiner, he played a neighbourhood bully in a coming-of-age story about a search for a dead body. Before that, he played a silent, supporting character, as one of Sean Penn's friends who goes up against Christopher Walken in James Foley's crime-thriller At Close Range.

He next appeared as vampire David in Joel Schumacher's The Lost Boys in 1987. Promised Land (1988), with Meg Ryan, was the first film to be commissioned by the Sundance Film Festival.

In the Western film Young Guns (1988), he starred alongside Emilio Estevez and Lou Diamond Phillips. He was considered for the role of Robin in Batman (1989), alongside Michael Keaton, in the early production before the character was deleted from the shooting script. He went on to star again with his close friend Lou Diamond Phillips, in the crime-action film Renegades. That same year, he and his father appeared at the 61st Academy Awards as presenters of the Academy Honorary Award to the National Film Board of Canada.

1990s: Success in films

In the sequel Young Guns II (1990), Sutherland continued to play 'Doc' alongside some of the original cast and with newcomer Christian Slater. , it is the only sequel to a feature film he has starred in. Sutherland starred as the lead in Flatliners, with an ensemble cast featuring Julia Roberts and Kevin Bacon, a film about a student who wants to "experience" death's afterlife and record what happens during it, with the help of a group of young students who are "a little" crazy like him; the film received positive reviews from critics. He plays a young FBI agent coming to terms with his life in a commune in Flashback (1990) alongside Dennis Hopper. Sutherland had also starred in The Nutcracker Prince as Hans/The Nutcracker.

Sutherland did not make a film in 1991. During an interview in March 2012, he said he had declined director Gus Van Sant's offer to star in the lead role in the movie My Own Private Idaho, a decision that he regretted. He was quoted as saying "I passed on My Private Idaho because I wanted to go skiing and didn't even look at it. I told myself that I needed to stick to my plan ... and it was a really dumb plan."

In 1992, he played a doctor alongside Ray Liotta in the drama Article 99. He played a supporting character in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me, the continuation of the short-lived television series of the same name which ran from 1990 to 1991, as agent Sam Stanley; and also in A Few Good Men (1992), where he played a junior officer subordinate to Jack Nicholson's Col. Nathan R. Jessup. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

In The Vanishing (1993), he starred alongside Jeff Bridges as a desperate man seeking the whereabouts of his girlfriend, three years after she mysteriously vanished. In The Three Musketeers (1993), Sutherland played the central character of Athos.

In 1996, Sutherland appeared in three films. He starred with Reese Witherspoon in Freeway, which gained a cult following. He starred with Sally Field in the thriller Eye for an Eye, and he appeared in A Time to Kill alongside his father Donald Sutherland.

In 1998, he starred in Dark City, the science fiction film directed by Alex Proyas in which he portrayed the historical character Daniel P. Schreber. Sutherland also starred in the film Ground Control where he played Jack Harries, an air traffic controller who had a perfect record until one air crash haunts him to leave the business. Years later, he is hurtled back into the world he thought he left behind.

2000s: 24

In 2000, he co-starred with Woody Allen in the black comedy Picking Up the Pieces, but the film was received poorly by both commercial audiences and by critics. Since then, Sutherland has starred in small projects and festival-released films. He starred in the film Beat, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2000. He also appeared in 2001 film Cowboy Up, which won the Crystal Heart Award at the 2001 Heartland Film Festival. He also starred in the film To End All Wars, which won two awards at the Heartland Film Festival and one award at the Hawaii International Film Festival.

Since 2001, Sutherland has been associated most widely with the role of Jack Bauer on the critically acclaimed television series 24. After being nominated four times for the "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series" Primetime Emmy Award, Sutherland won the award in 2006 for his role in 24'''s fifth season. In the opening skit of the 2006 Primetime Emmy Awards, Sutherland made an appearance as his 24 character, Jack Bauer. He was also nominated for Best actor in a Drama Television Series at the 2007 Golden Globe Awards for 24. According to his 2006 contract, his salary of $40 million for three seasons of the show made him the highest-earning actor on television.

Sutherland constantly emphasizes that the show is merely "entertainment". The dean of the United States Military Academy, Brigadier General Patrick Finnegan, visited the set of 24 in February 2007 to urge the show's makers to reduce the number of torture scenes and Sutherland accepted an invitation from the U.S. military to tell West Point cadets that it is wrong to torture prisoners. In an interview with OK! Magazine, Howard Gordon said it would be an "unbearable loss" if they killed off Sutherland's character.

Due to his extensive schedule with 24, he spent less time in film. In 2004, he starred in Taking Lives, alongside Angelina Jolie and Ethan Hawke, in which he had a "flashy cameo". In The Sentinel (2006), he starred alongside Michael Douglas, as his protégé and he also starred in Disney's The Wild where he voiced the character Samson. He played the lead roles in Alexandre Aja's supernatural horror, Mirrors (2008). In 2009, he joined the DreamWorks's animated film Monsters vs. Aliens, reuniting him with actress Reese Witherspoon with whom he starred in Freeway. Monsters vs. Aliens is Sutherland's highest-grossing film to date.

The actor is also a frequent collaborator with director Joel Schumacher, and has appeared in The Lost Boys, Flatliners, Phone Booth, the big screen adaptation of A Time to Kill (the film also starred his father Donald, although their characters did not interact), and Twelve as the narrator.

In 2005, Sutherland was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto, where both of his parents have also been inducted. He ranked No. 68 on the 2006 Forbes Celebrity 100 list of the world's most powerful celebrities, his earnings were a reported $23 million. In 2009, he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Sutherland was the first Inside the Actors Studio guest to be the child of a former guest; his father, Donald, appeared on the show in 1998. Sutherland was featured on the cover of the April 2006 edition of Rolling Stone, in an article entitled "Alone in the Dark with Kiefer Sutherland". The article began with Sutherland revealing his interest to be killed off in 24. However, he stated, "Don't get me wrong. I love what I do." It also revealed that he devoted 10 months a year working on 24.

He has starred in Japanese commercials for CalorieMate, performing a parody of his Jack Bauer character. Sutherland also provides voice-overs for the current ad campaign for the Ford Motor Company of Canada. In mid-2006, he voiced the Apple, Inc. advertisement announcing the inclusion of Intel chips in their Macintosh computer line. He also voices the introduction to NHL games on the Versus network in the U.S.

 2010s: Post-24 film, television, and music projects
On 14 February 2010, Fox TV announced they were temporarily suspending production of Season 8 of 24 due to a ruptured cyst near one of Sutherland's kidneys. According to the report, he waited a few days before going in to have "elective surgery" performed. It was anticipated that he would return after a week, but a few days further were needed and Fox reported that his return to set would be 1 March.

In the 2011 drama-thriller Melancholia directed by Lars Von Trier, he played the male lead character and got the chance to share the screen with long-lost co-stars such as Charlotte Rampling and John Hurt, the film in which Kiefer was nominated for the major Danish film prize Bodil. Kiefer also shared the screen with Hurt another time, this time on the small screen, in the web series The Confession.

In The Reluctant Fundamentalist (2013), the best-selling novel adaptation directed by Mira Nair, he played a supporting character for newcomer Riz Ahmed, as a boss named Jim Cross, and in the 2014 historical-disaster movie, Pompeii, directed by Paul W. S. Anderson, he played a corrupt Roman senator who plotted to stop the love between the city ruler's daughter and a Roman slave whose family was killed by the senator.

Sutherland also provided narration for several promotional spots for the United States Men's National Soccer Team during the 2014 FIFA World Cup for ESPN. He has appeared in a Brazilian TV commercials for Citroën C4 sedan and a voice-over for a commercial for Bank of America. He voices Sgt. Roebuck in Treyarch's video game Call of Duty: World at War and voices Big Boss in the video game Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes and its sequel Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, taking over the role originally performed by David Hayter.

In 2011, Sutherland made his Broadway debut, opposite Brian Cox, Jim Gaffigan, Chris Noth and Jason Patric, in the Broadway revival of That Championship Season, which opened in March 2011. The show has since closed.

In 2012, Sutherland starred in the Fox television series Touch. He played the father of an autistic boy who does not like to be touched, while the son also communicates future humanity interrelated events to his father through numbers and mathematics.

On 14 May 2013, it was confirmed that the show 24 would return for a limited series. Before that, he was also offered the lead role in the NBC drama The Blacklist. In May and July 2014, Fox aired the twelve-episode 24: Live Another Day, which received acclaimed reviews from critics. Although he did not appear in 2017's 24: Legacy, he was the show's executive producer.

After working in the movie industry for more than 30 years, he had the chance to star with his father, Donald Sutherland, in the western-drama film Forsaken, which also stars Demi Moore and Brian Cox. The film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival and received mixed reviews from critics.

In 2015, it was announced that Sutherland was cast in the lead role of the former ABC political drama series Designated Survivor as Tom Kirkman, the President of the United States. The show was renewed by Netflix for a third season which was released on 7 June 2019.

In 2016, Sutherland released his first album, Down in a Hole, and a music video for "Not Enough Whiskey" from the album. The country music songs were written by Sutherland and Jude Cole. The Kiefer Sutherland Band toured in April and May of that year, and debuted at the Grand Ole Opry on June 6, 2016. A 2017 review in The Guardian said, "you have the first Hollywood hobby act unshackled by convention and with a real shot at greatness." The band performed in Scotland and in Las Vegas in 2019. The band's second album, Reckless and Me, was released in April 2019.

2020s
Sutherland plays Det. Clay Bryce in the American action thriller television series The Fugitive, which premiered on August 3, 2020. He also stars as lead role John Weir in the 2023 Paramount+ thriller show Rabbit Hole. In the 2023 film The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, based on the two-act play of the same name, Sutherland plays the role of Lieutenant Commander Phillip Queeg, the part portrayed by Humphrey Bogart in the 1954 film adaptation. The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial, directed by William Friedkin, premiered in September 2023 at the 80th Venice International Film Festival where it screened out of competition. The film is Friedkin's sole posthumous work, the director having died on August 7 of the same year. Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com praised Sutherland for bringing "unique energy" to the role, describing his performance as "one of the best acting turns of his career." Total Film have also praised his performance, writing Sutherland delivers "some of the best work of his career here. He's only briefly in the film, and yet he makes every second count, fidgeting with his hands and spitting his lines as if certain words pain him. He makes Queeg a complex, complicated man, not just a stock villain."

 Personal life

 Family and relationships
Sutherland has one daughter, Sarah (b. 1988), from his marriage to Camelia Kath, the widow of Chicago guitarist/singer Terry Kath, to whom he was married from 1987 to 1990. Through their marriage, he became stepfather to Camelia's daughter, Michelle Kath, who has two sons with actor, Adam Sinclair. Sarah Sutherland is an actress and appeared on the TV series Veep.

Julia Roberts met Sutherland in 1990, when they co-starred in Flatliners. In August 1990, Roberts and Sutherland announced their engagement, with an elaborate studio-planned wedding scheduled for 14 June 1991. Roberts broke the engagement three days before the wedding, allegedly because Sutherland had been meeting with a go-go dancer named Amanda Rice. Sutherland denied having an affair with Rice and said that they only met because he liked to play pool. On the day of what was supposed to be their wedding, Roberts went to Ireland with Sutherland's friend Jason Patric.

In the late 1990s, Sutherland purchased a  ranch in Montana and toured on the rodeo circuit.

On 29 June 1996, Sutherland married Kelly Winn. The couple separated in 1999, and he filed for divorce in 2004. The divorce was finalized on 16 May 2008. He dated Bo Derek in 2000.

Sutherland began dating model/actress Cindy Vela of Olmito, Texas, sometime in 2014, keeping their relationship private up until 2017 when they began to be seen together in public. Vela and Sutherland became engaged in 2017.'' , they reside in Toluca Lake, Los Angeles.

Legal issues

Sutherland was charged in Los Angeles on 25 September 2007, on drunk driving charges, after failing a field sobriety test. His test exceeded the state's legal blood alcohol limit, and he was later released on a $25,000 bail. It was Sutherland's fourth DUI charge since 1989. Sutherland pleaded no contest to the DUI charge and was sentenced to 48 days in jail.

Sutherland surrendered to the NYPD on 6 May 2009 for head-butting fashion designer Jack McCollough, founder and co-designer of Proenza Schouler, at The Mercer Hotel in SoHo following a fundraiser for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Several weeks later, Sutherland and McCollough issued a joint statement in which Sutherland apologized; police later dropped the charges.

Business ventures

Sutherland is the co-owner (along with Jude Cole) of the independent record label Ironworks.

Sutherland reportedly fell victim to a financial scam involving cattle in 2010. According to the Associated Press, the perpetrator, Michael Wayne Carr, took US$869,000 from Sutherland, ostensibly in order to buy steers which were never purchased. Carr pleaded guilty and was ordered to pay US$956,000 in restitution to Sutherland and his investment partner.

Political views

In his January 2007 interview with Charlie Rose, Sutherland said of his political views:
I believe inherently that we have a responsibility to take care of each other, so when you talk about socialized health care: absolutely, that's a no-brainer. Free universities: absolutely, that's a no-brainer. So, in the definition, I guess those are leaning toward socialist politics. To me, it's common sense.

Charity work

Sutherland is a member of a Canadian charity Artists Against Racism.

Awards and recognition
 2003: Sweden TNT award for Best Foreign TV Personality – Male
 2005: Canada's Walk of Fame
 2008: Hollywood Walk of Fame
 2013: Hasty Pudding Theatricals for Man of the Year
 2015: Zurich Film Festival for Lifetime Achievement Award

Filmography

Discography

Albums

Music videos

See also

References

External links

 Kiefer Sutherland at BAFTA Attendees Confirmed For This Sunday's EE British Academy Film Awards
 Kiefer Sutherland producer profile on The 1 Second Film

1966 births
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (television) winners
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
Canadian country singers
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male video game actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian people of Scottish descent
English people of Canadian descent
English people of Scottish descent
St. Andrew's College (Aurora) alumni
Living people
Male actors from Toronto
Male actors from London
Singers from Toronto
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Kiefer
Canadian twins

Kiefer Sutherland


Nogarole Rocca is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verona in the Italian region Veneto, located about  west of Venice and about  southwest of Verona. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 3,088 and an area of .

The municipality of Nogarole Rocca contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Pradelle and Bagnolo.

Nogarole Rocca borders the following municipalities: Mozzecane, Povegliano Veronese, Roverbella, Trevenzuolo, and Vigasio.

Demographic evolution

References

External links
 www.nogarolerocca.net/

Cities and towns in Veneto

Nogarole Rocca


Windows Server 2003, codenamed "Whistler Server", is the second version of the Windows Server operating system produced by Microsoft. It is part of the Windows NT family of operating systems and was released to manufacturing on March 28, 2003 and generally available on April 24, 2003. Windows Server 2003 is the successor to the Server editions of Windows 2000 and the predecessor to Windows Server 2008. An updated version, Windows Server 2003 R2, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005. Windows Server 2003 is based on Windows 2000.

Windows Server 2003's kernel has also been used in Windows XP 64-bit Edition and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, and was the starting point for the development of Windows Vista.

Windows Server 2003 is the final version of Windows Server that supports processors without ACPI. Its successor, Windows Server 2008, requires a processor with ACPI in any supported architecture (x86, x64 and Itanium).

As of July 2016, 18% of organizations used servers that were running Windows Server 2003.

Overview
Windows Server 2003 is the follow-up to Windows 2000 Server, incorporating compatibility and other features from Windows XP. Unlike Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003's default installation has none of the server components enabled, to reduce the attack surface of new machines. Windows Server 2003 includes compatibility modes to allow older applications to run with greater stability. It was made more compatible with Windows NT 4.0 domain-based networking. Windows Server 2003 brought in enhanced Active Directory compatibility and better deployment support to ease the transition from Windows NT 4.0 to Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP Professional.

Windows Server 2003 is the first server edition of Windows to support the IA64 and x64 architectures.

The product went through several name changes during the course of development. When first announced in 2000, it was known by its codename "Whistler Server"; it was named "Windows 2002 Server" for a brief time in mid-2001, followed by "Windows .NET Server" and "Windows .NET Server 2003". After Microsoft chose to focus the ".NET" branding on the .NET Framework, the OS was finally released as "Windows Server 2003".

Development
Windows Server 2003 was the first Microsoft Windows version which was thoroughly subjected to semi-automated testing for bugs with a software system called PREfast developed by computer scientist Amitabh Srivastava at Microsoft Research. The automated bug checking system was first tested on Windows 2000 but not thoroughly. Amitabh Srivastava's PREfast found 12% of Windows Server 2003's bugs, the remaining 88% being found by human computer programmers. Microsoft employs more than 4,700 programmers who work on Windows, 60% of whom are software testers whose job is to find bugs in Windows source code. Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates stated that Windows Server 2003 was Microsoft's "most rigorously tested software to date."

Microsoft used Windows Server 2003's kernel in the development of Windows Vista.

Changes

Several improvements and new features have been added to Windows Server 2003.

Internet Information Services (IIS) has been upgraded to v6.0.There have also been significant improvements to Message Queuing and to Active Directory, such as the ability to deactivate classes from the schema, or to run multiple instances of the directory server (ADAM).  There was also a notable change in the ability to create a rescue disk, which was removed in favor of Automated System Recovery (ASR).Other Improvements to Group Policy handling and administration have also been made. For the first time in the history of Windows Server, a backup system to restore lost files has been created together with improved disk management, including the ability to back up from shadows of files, allowing the backup of open files.Another important area where improvements have been made are the scripting and command line tools, with the improvements being part of Microsoft's initiative to bring a complete command shell to the next version of Windows. Other notable new features include support for a hardware-based "watchdog timer", which can restart the server if the operating system does not respond within a certain amount of time. On this version of Windows Server the Themes service is disabled by default, defaulting to the appearance of previous Windows versions (such as Windows 2000).

Editions
Windows Server 2003 comes in a number of editions, each targeted towards a particular size and type of business. In general, all variants of Windows Server 2003 have the ability to share files and printers, act as an application server, host message queues, provide email services, authenticate users, act as an X.509 certificate server, provide LDAP directory services, serve streaming media, and to perform other server-oriented functions.

Web
Windows Server 2003 Web is meant for building and hosting Web applications, Web pages, and XML web services. It is designed to be used primarily as an IIS web server and provides a platform for developing and deploying XML Web services and applications that use ASP.NET technology. Domain controller and Terminal Services functionality are not included on Web Edition. However, Remote Desktop for Administration is available. Only 10 concurrent file-sharing connections are allowed at any moment. It is not possible to install Microsoft SQL Server and Microsoft Exchange software in this edition without installing Service Pack 1. Despite supporting XML Web services and ASP.NET, UDDI cannot be deployed on Windows Server 2003 Web. The .NET Framework version 2.0 is not included with Windows Server 2003 Web, but can be installed as a separate update from Windows Update.

Windows Server 2003 Web supports a maximum of two physical processors and a maximum of 2 GB of RAM. It is the only edition of Windows Server 2003 that does not require any client access license (CAL) when used as the internet facing server front-end for Internet Information Services and Windows Server Update Services. When using it for storage or as a back-end with another remote server as the front-end, CALs may still be required.

Standard

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Standard is aimed towards small to medium-sized businesses. Standard Edition supports file and printer sharing, offers secure Internet connectivity, and allows centralized desktop application deployment. A specialized variant for the x64 architecture was released in April 2005. The IA-32 variants supports up to four physical processors and up to 4 GB RAM; the x64 variant is capable of addressing up to 32 GB of RAM and also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access.

Enterprise
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise is aimed towards medium to large businesses. It is a full-function server operating system that supports up to 8 physical processors and provides enterprise-class features such as eight-node clustering using Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS) software and support for up to 64 GB of RAM through PAE. Enterprise Edition also comes in specialized variants for the x64 and Itanium architectures. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 and Itanium variants are capable of addressing up to 1 TB and 2 TB of RAM, respectively. This edition also supports Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA). It also provides the ability to hot-add supported hardware. Windows Server 2003 Enterprise is also the required edition to issue custom certificate templates.

Datacenter
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter is designed for infrastructures demanding high security and reliability. Windows Server 2003 is available for IA-32, Itanium, and x64 processors. It supports a maximum of 32 physical processors on IA-32 platform or 64 physical processors on x64 and IA-64 hardware. IA-32 variants of this edition support up to 64 GB of RAM. With Service Pack 2 installed, the x64 variants support up to 1 TB while the IA-64 variants support up to 2 TB of RAM. Windows Server 2003 Datacenter also allows limiting processor and memory usage on a per-application basis.

This edition has better support for storage area networks (SANs): It features a service which uses Windows sockets to emulate TCP/IP communication over native SAN service providers, thereby allowing a SAN to be accessed over any TCP/IP channel. With this, any application that can communicate over TCP/IP can use a SAN, without any modification to the application.

The Datacenter edition, like the Enterprise edition, supports 8-node clustering. Clustering increases availability and fault tolerance of server installations by distributing and replicating the service among many servers. This edition supports clustering with each cluster having its own dedicated storage, or with all cluster nodes connected to a common SAN.

Derivatives

Windows Compute Cluster Server
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003 (CCS), released in June 2006, is designed for high-end applications that require high performance computing clusters. It is designed to be deployed on numerous computers to be clustered together to achieve supercomputing speeds. Each Compute Cluster Server network comprises at least one controlling head node and subordinate processing nodes that carry out most of the work.

Compute Cluster Server has a built-in Message Passing Interface,  the Microsoft Messaging Passing Interface v2 (MS-MPI) which is used to communicate between the processing nodes on the cluster network. Alternative MPI Stacks can also be used with the OS.It ties nodes together with a powerful inter-process communication mechanism which can be complex because of communications between hundreds or even thousands of processors working in parallel.

The application programming interface consists of over 160 functions. A job launcher enables users to execute jobs to be executed in the computing cluster. MS MPI was designed to be compatible with the reference open source MPI2 specification which is widely used in High-performance computing (HPC). With some exceptions because of security considerations, MS MPI covers the complete set of MPI2 functionality as implemented in MPICH2, except for the planned future features of dynamic process spawn and publishing.

Windows Storage Server
Windows Storage Server 2003, a part of the Windows Server 2003 series, is a specialized server operating system for network-attached storage (NAS). Launched in 2003 at Storage Decisions in Chicago, it is optimized for use in file and print sharing and also in storage area network (SAN) scenarios. It is only available through Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Unlike other Windows Server 2003 editions that provide file and printer sharing functionality, Windows Storage Server 2003 does not require any CAL.

Windows Storage Server 2003 NAS equipment can be headless, which means that they are without any monitors, keyboards or mice, and are administered remotely. Such devices are plugged into any existing IP network and the storage capacity is available to all users. Windows Storage Server 2003 can use RAID arrays to provide data redundancy, fault-tolerance and high performance. Multiple such NAS servers can be clustered to appear as a single device, which allows responsibility for serving clients to be shared in such a way that if one server fails then other servers can take over (often termed a failover) which also improves fault-tolerance.

Windows Storage Server 2003 can also be used to create a Storage Area Network, in which the data is transferred in terms of chunks rather than files, thus providing more granularity to the data that can be transferred. This provides higher performance to database and transaction processing applications. Windows Storage Server 2003 also allows NAS devices to be connected to a SAN.

Windows Storage Server 2003 led to a second release named Windows Storage Server 2003 R2. This release adds file-server performance optimization, Single Instance Storage (SIS), and index-based search. Single instance storage (SIS) scans storage volumes for duplicate files, and moves the duplicate files to the common SIS store. The file on the volume is replaced with a link to the file. This substitution reduces the amount of storage space required, by as much as 70%.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 provides an index-based, full-text search based on the indexing engine already built into Windows server. The updated search engine speeds up indexed searches on network shares. This edition also provides filters for searching many standard file formats, such as ZIP archives, AutoCAD models, XML documents, MP3 audio files, PDF documents, and all Microsoft Office file formats.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 includes built in support for Windows SharePoint Services and Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server, and adds a Storage Management snap-in for the Microsoft Management Console. It can be used to manage storage volumes centrally, including DFS shares, on servers running Windows Storage Server R2.

Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 can be used as an iSCSI target with standard and enterprise editions of Windows Storage Server 2003 R2, incorporating WinTarget iSCSI technology which Microsoft acquired in 2006 by from StringBean software. This will be an add-on feature available for purchase through OEM partners as an iSCSI feature pack, or is included in some versions of WSS as configured by OEMs.

Windows Storage Server 2003 can be promoted to function as a domain controller; however, this edition is not licensed to run directory services. It can be joined to an existing domain as a member server.

Features
 Distributed File System (DFS): Allows multiple network shares to be aggregated as a virtual file system.
 Support for SAN and iSCSI: Allows computers to connect to a Storage Server over the LAN, without the need for a separate fibre channel network, thus a Storage Area Network can be created over the LAN itself. iSCSI uses the SCSI protocol to transfer data as a block of bytes, rather than as a file. This increases performance of the Storage network in some scenarios, such as using a database server.
 Virtual Disc Service: Allows NAS devices, RAID devices and SAN shares to be exposed and managed as if they were normal hard drives.
 JBOD systems: JBOD (Just a bunch of discs) systems, by using VDS, can manage a group of individual storage devices as a single unit. There is no need for the storage units to be of the same maker and model.
 Software and Hardware RAID: Windows Storage Server 2003 has intrinsic support for hardware implementation of RAID. In case hardware support is not available, it can use software enabled RAID. In that case, all processing is done by the OS.
 Multi Path IO (MPIO): It provides an alternate connection to IO devices in case the primary path is down.

Editions
Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 was available in the following editions:

Windows Unified Data Storage Server is a variant of Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 with iSCSI target support standard, available in only the standard and enterprise editions.

Windows Small Business Server

Windows Small Business Server (SBS) is a software suite which includes Windows Server and additional technologies aimed at providing a small business with a complete technology solution.

The Standard edition of SBS includes Microsoft Remote Web Workplace, Windows SharePoint Services, Microsoft Exchange Server, Fax Server, Active Directory, a basic firewall, DHCP server and network address translation capabilities. The Premium edition of SBS adds Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and Microsoft ISA Server 2004.

SBS has its own type of CAL that is different and costs slightly more than CALs for the other editions of Windows Server 2003. However, the SBS CAL encompasses the user CALs for Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL Server and ISA Server, and hence is less expensive than buying all other CALs individually.

SBS has the following design limitations, mainly affecting Active Directory:

 Only one computer in a Windows Server domain can be running SBS
 SBS must be the root of the Active Directory forest
 SBS cannot trust any other domains
 SBS is limited to 75 users or devices depending on the type of CAL
 SBS is limited to a maximum of 4 GB of RAM (Random Access Memory)
 SBS domains cannot have any child domains
 Terminal Services only operates in remote administration mode on SBS, meaning that only two simultaneous RDP sessions are allowed

To remove the limitations from an instance of SBS and upgrade to regular Windows Server, Exchange Server, SQL and ISA Server, there is a Windows Small Business Server 2003 R2 Transition Pack.

Windows Home Server

Windows Home Server (WHS) is an operating system from Microsoft based on Windows Small Business Server 2003 SP2. Windows Home Server was announced on January 7, 2007, at the Consumer Electronics Show by Bill Gates and is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.

Windows Home Server began shipment to OEMs on September 15, 2007.

Windows Server for Embedded Systems

Windows Server 2003 for Embedded Systems replaced "Windows 2000 Server for Embedded Systems". Intended use was for building firewall, VPN caching servers and similar appliances. Variants were available with "Server Appliance Software" and with "Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server"

Availability of the original version ended May 28, 2003. Availability of R2 ended March 5, 2006. End of extended support was July 14, 2015 (all variants except Storage Server), and End of Licence was May 28, 2018 (R2 and original). The End of Licence date is the last date that OEM's may distribute systems using this version. All variants continued to receive Critical security updates until the end of extended support:

Release 2 for Embedded Systems was available in 32 and 64 bit variants, Standard (1-4 CPU) and Enterprise (1-8 CPU):

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was released less than a month after Windows Server 2003 SP1, and used the same kernel and source code tree. While many features of the 32-bit variant of Windows XP were brought over into Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, other limitations imposed by constraints such as only supporting 64-bit drivers, and support for 16-bit programs being dropped led to incompatibilities with the 32-bit Windows XP editions available. It later received a Service Pack update as part of the release of Windows Server 2003 SP2.

Updates

Service Pack 1
On March 30, 2005, Microsoft released Service Pack 1 for Windows Server 2003. Among the improvements are many of the same updates that were provided to Windows XP users with Service Pack 2. Features that are added with Service Pack 1 include:

 Security Configuration Wizard, which is a tool that allows administrators to more easily research, and make changes to, security policies.
 Hot Patching, a feature made to extend Windows Server 2003's ability to take DLL, Driver, and non-kernel patches without a reboot.
 IIS 6.0 Metabase Auditing, a feature allows the tracking of metabase edits.
 Windows Firewall, which brings many of the improvements from Windows XP Service Pack 2 to Windows Server 2003; also with the Security Configuration Wizard, it allows administrators to more easily manage the incoming open ports, as it will automatically detect and select default roles.
 Other networking improvements include support for Wireless Provisioning Services, better IPv6 support, and new protections against SYN flood TCP attacks.
 Post-Setup Security Updates, a panel which is shown only when the operating system is first installed. This window allows you to configure and update your server, and halts incoming connections until it is closed.
 Data Execution Prevention (DEP), a feature to add support for the No Execute (NX) bit which helps to prevent buffer overflow exploits that are often the attack vector of Windows Server exploits.
 Windows Media Player version 10
 Internet Explorer 6 SV1 (e.g. 'IE6 SP2')
 Support for fixed disks bearing data organized using the GUID Partition Table system

A full list of updates is available in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.

Service Pack 2
Service Pack 2 for Windows Server 2003 was released on March 13, 2007. The release date was originally scheduled for the first half of 2006. On June 13, 2006, Microsoft made an initial test version of Service Pack 2 available to Microsoft Connect users, with a build number of 2721. This was followed by build 2805, known as Beta 2 Refresh. The final build is 3790.

Microsoft has described Service Pack 2 as a "standard" service pack release containing previously released security updates, hotfixes, and reliability and performance improvements. In addition, Service Pack 2 contains Microsoft Management Console 3.0, Windows Deployment Services (which replaces Remote Installation Services), support for WPA2, and improvements to IPsec and MSConfig. Service Pack 2 also adds Windows Server 2003 Scalable Networking Pack (SNP), which allows hardware acceleration for processing network packets, thereby enabling faster throughput. SNP was previously available as an out-of-band update for Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1.

Windows Server 2003 R2

Windows Server 2003 R2 is an updated release of Windows Server 2003, which contains a copy of Windows Server 2003 SP1 on one CD and a host of optionally installed new features on another disc, similar to Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95. It was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005, for IA-32 and x64 platforms, but not for IA-64. It was succeeded by Windows Server 2008.

New features of Windows Server 2003 R2 include:
 .NET Framework 2.0, which replaces the .NET Framework 1.0 included with the standard releases
 Active Directory Federation Services, a single sign-on solution for Active Directory Services
 Microsoft Management Console version 3.0. Additionally, several new snap-ins are included:
 Print Management Console, for managing print servers
 File Server Resource Manager, for managing disk quotas on file servers
 Storage Manager for SANs, for managing LUNs
 A new version of Distributed File System that includes remote differential compression technology
 Microsoft Virtual Server 2005, a hypervisor and the precursor to Hyper-V
 Windows Services for UNIX, a UNIX environment for Windows

Support lifecycle
On July 13, 2010, Windows Server 2003's mainstream support expired and the extended support phase began. During the extended support phase, Microsoft continued to provide security updates; however, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes are no longer being offered. Extended support lasted until July 14, 2015. Mainstream support for Small Business Server edition ended on April 12, 2011 and extended support ended on April 12, 2016. Mainstream support for Storage Server edition ended on October 11, 2011 and extended support ended on October 9, 2016.

Although Windows Server 2003 is unsupported, Microsoft released an emergency security patch in May 2017 for the OS as well as other unsupported versions of Windows (including Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7 RTM without a service pack), to address a vulnerability that was being leveraged by the WannaCry ransomware attack.

In 2020, Microsoft announced that it would disable the Windows Update service for SHA-1 endpoints. Since Windows Server 2003 did not get an update for SHA-2, Windows Update Services are no longer available on the OS as of late July 2020. However, as of April 2021, the old updates for Windows Server 2003 are still available on the Microsoft Update Catalog, or through Legacy Update, a community-driven third party replacement for the Windows Server 2003 update servers.

Source code leak
On September 23, 2020, the Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 source code was leaked onto the imageboard 4chan by an unknown user. Anonymous users from managed to compile the Windows Server 2003 source code, as well as a Twitter user who posted videos of the process on YouTube proving that the code was genuine, but was removed from the platform on copyright grounds by Microsoft. The leak was incomplete as it was missing the Winlogon source code and some other components. The original leak itself was spread using magnet links and torrent files whose payload originally included Server 2003 and XP source code and which was later updated by additional files among which were previous leaks of Microsoft products, its patents, media about conspiracy theories about Bill Gates by anti-vaccination movements and an assortment of PDF files on different topics.

Microsoft issued a statement stating that it was investigating the leaks.

See also
 BlueKeep (security vulnerability)
 Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
 Comparison of operating systems
 History of Microsoft Windows
 List of operating systems
 Microsoft Servers

References

External links
 Windows Server 2003 on Microsoft TechNet
 Windows Server 2003 Downloads on Microsoft TechNet
 Windows Server Performance Team Blog
 Kernel comparison with Linux 2.6 by David Solomon, Mark Russinovich, and Andreas Polze

2003 software
Products and services discontinued in 2015
2003
IA-32 operating systems
X86-64 operating systems

Windows Server 2003


General Moshe Dayan was an Israeli Jewish soldier and politician.  Moshe Dayan was in the Haganah and lost an eye while fighting Nazis so he got an eye patch.  Dayan fought against the British Empire in the Haganah after the war so that the State of Israel could be created and he became a general in the Israeli army.  Dayan led the Israelis against Egypt in the Suez War and got control of Sinai.  Dayan later became a Socialist politician and joined David Ben-Gurion in Rafi.  Levi Eshkol made Dayan Minister of Defence in the 1960s so Dayan had that job during the Six Day War and he kept it after Eshkol died.  After the Yom Kippur War, there were people in Israel who said it was Dayan's fault for not knowing that Egypt would attack so Dayan left the job.  Later, Menachem Begin became Prime Minister and Begin made Dayan Minister of Foreign Affairs.  Dayan also helped Begin when Begin made peace with Anwar Sadat in Egypt.

Moshe Dayan


Gif el-Kebir is a large plateau in Egypt. The name can be translated as the great barrier. It is located in trhe extreme south-east of Egypt, next ot Lybia and Sudan. It has about the same size as Switzerland. It rises 300 m above the rest of the desert. The plateau is very arid and difficult to access.
There is a crater called Kebir crater in the plateau.

The Uweinat mountain range at the very south of the plateau is shared between Egypt, Libya and Sudan.

Wadis:

 Akhdar
 Bakht
 Dayiq
 Firaq
 Gazayir
 Maftuh
 Mashi
 Wassa

The Gilf Kebir is mentioned in Michael Ondaatje's novel 'The English Patient'. It was also the site of the recent discovery of a bag which had been lost in the Second World War by a dispatch rider (Alec Ross) of the Long Range Desert Group, part of the British Army. This contained the rider's personal letters and photographs, and had been well preserved.

Petroglyphs
The Gilf Kebir is known for its prehistoric (Neolithic) petroglyphs

 Karkur Talh and Karkur Murr: major eastern valleys of the Uweinat contain one of the richest concentrations of rock art in the whole Sahara.
 Western Uweinat: Shelters under the huge granite boulders in the western Uweinat contain numerous paintings, including the famous sites of Ain Doua.
 Jebel Arkenu, Jebel Kissu & Yerguehda Hill, the lesser granite massifs around Uweinat have many smaller sites.
 Mogharet el Kantara in the southern Gilf Kebir contains only one known rock art site, a cave  discovered by Shaw & party in 1936.
 Wadi Sora in the northwestern Gilf Kebir: the "Cave of Swimmers" (or Swimmers' Cave), discovered by the Hungarian Count László Almásy (The English Patient), plus many other paintings nearby.
The North-western half of the Gilf Kebir aside from Wadi Sora has only a few scattered engravings, of an apparently very ancient age.
In January 2003, Zarzora Expeditions and Jacopo Foggini independently announced the discovery of a major new rock art site in the Western Gilf Kebir (Foggini-Mestekawi Cave).

Other websites
google map
Libyan Rock Art Documentation Project
McOran E-Cards based on the 'Cave of Swimmers'
'WW11 Army Bag is found in Desert'

New Valley Governorate
Plateaus

Gilf el-Kebir


Tulsidas (1541-1623) was an Indian writer. He wrote many books which are manifestations of Sanatan dharma and Indian ideology. His most famous book is the Ramcharitmanas. This book was written in a language called Awadhi, a dialect of Hindi. The book tells the story of Lord Rama and his war and victory over Ravan, the king of Lanka. Rama fought for his wife Sita and brought her back from Lanka to Ayodhya.

Another book written by Tulsidas is Kavitavali.

Tulsidas was born in Rajapur, in what is now Uttar Pradesh, in Samvat 1589 or 1532 A.D. He was a Sarayuparina Brahmin by birth and is regarded as an incarnation of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana. His father's name was Atmaram Dubey and his mother's name Hulsi. Tulsidas conceived of god in the form of Rama. Tulsidas's composition 'Ramcharitmanas.' written in Awadhi is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work. His devotion to the literary world is very important. He founded the Sankatmochan Temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman in Varanasi.

Tulsidas wrote several books which is famous among Indians and throughout the World.

1543 births
1623 deaths
Indian writers
People from Uttar Pradesh

Tulsidas


Keith Thibodeaux (born December 1, 1950), also known as Richard Keith, is an American actor and musician, best known for playing Little Ricky on the television sitcoms I Love Lucy and The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour. He was billed as Richard Keith because his Cajun French last name, "Thibodeaux", was considered too difficult to pronounce by producer Desi Arnaz. He is the last living regular appearing cast member from I Love Lucy.

Career

Thibodeaux showed skill on the drums at a young age, and was making $500 ($ in  dollars ) a week at the age of 3 while touring with the Horace Heidt Orchestra. His father took him to audition for the part of Little Ricky in 1955, "I walked on the set and there was Lucy, she was standing there and she was looking at me," he said. "She said 'OK he's cute, but what does he do?' My dad said, 'Well he plays the drums' and she said, 'Oh, come on--I can't believe that.' Then, she says 'Look, we have a drum set over there, go ahead and let him play.' Eventually Desi Arnaz himself came over and started jamming with me on the drums and then he kind of stood up and said 'Well, I think we found Little Ricky.'"

According to Lucie Arnaz, who was interviewed on the TV show Archive of American Television, he became like part of the family. "For a long time I thought Keith was related to us, because he went everywhere with us. Desi (Jr.) considered him his best friend and [Keith] was responsible for teaching him the drums. He came over to our house on many weekends and traveled with them during the summer. My mother kind of adopted him. He is in all of our home movies and photographs growing up and was a great kid, and still is."

As a child, he made 13 appearances on The Andy Griffith Show, between 1962 and 1966, usually as Opie's friend "Johnny Paul Jason". He later described The Andy Griffith Show set as a far more laid-back and pleasant experience compared to I Love Lucy, though due to age differences between himself and Ron Howard, he never grew as close to that show's cast as he did to the Arnaz family. He also accepted small roles on other popular television shows.

In 1964 Thibodeaux appeared for a split second in an episode of The Lucy Show titled "Lucy is a Process Server." Initially he was featured in a comedic sequence at a train station in which a vending machine malfunctions. However, the scene was cut when the show ran too long. After the episode was edited, Thibodeaux is only seen for a moment, entering the station. Nevertheless, Thibodeaux remained in the credits listed as Richard Keith, the actor who played "Little Boy."

In 1969, Thibodeaux joined the rock group David and the Giants who were based in Laurel, Mississippi. The group recorded in its early years with Capitol Records, Fame Records, and Crazy Horse Records, primarily touring throughout the South, and enjoyed a few regional hits which were recorded in Muscle Shoals, Alabama, and were well known in the Northern Soul music scene in England. After turning 21 in 1971, Thibodeaux received a final payment of $8,000 from a trust fund set up during his days on I Love Lucy

Thibodeaux had developed a drug problem and eventually left the band, which broke up. His difficulties led to his becoming a born-again Christian in 1974. He witnessed to the band leader, David Huff, and the other members, who later converted. The group got back together. The band released nearly ten albums in the 1980s and 1990s for CBS Priority Records (Epic Records), The Benson Company, ABC Word Records (Myrrh) label, and the band's own label Giant Records. David and the Giants released a live CD in 2014 titled Still Rockin. In 2017, the band was honored along with other notable Mississippi musicians such as Steve Forbert, Tammy Wynette, George Soule, and Elvis Presley, by receiving "The Jimmie" Mississippi Dreamers (Jimmie Rodgers Award) for their musical contributions as Mississippi artists at a special concert at Peavey Electronics Corporate headquarters in Meridian, MS, along with Hartley Peavey.

A live concert David and the Giants CD/DVD The Best Is Yet To Come was recorded in St. Louis, MO. in August 2017 celebrating 40 years of David and the Giants music.

In 1990, he became the Executive Director for his wife's company, Ballet Magnificat! which tours nationally and internationally. In 2017 the couple pioneered Ballet Magnificat! Brasil dance company and trainee program headquartered in Curitiba, Brazil.

Personal life
Raised as a Roman Catholic, Thibodeaux went to school at St. Victor's elementary in West Hollywood and St. Jane Frances de Chantal School in North Hollywood. He attended Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks for two years before his parents separated in 1966.

After his parents separated, Keith, his mother, and siblings moved back to Lafayette, Louisiana.  He graduated from Lafayette High School where he continued to play drums in rock and rhythm and blues bands. He left Louisiana for Mississippi in late 1969 after going to college for a short period where he said he "majored in drinking beer and playing pool" to pursue a career with the band David and the Giants.

In 1976, he met and married ballet dancer Kathy Denton in Jackson, Mississippi. The couple moved briefly to Southern California in 1977 where he was asked to join the pop band Starbuck famous for the late '70s hit "Moonlight Feels Right". Thibodeaux returned to Mississippi in 1978, where he, his wife and daughter Tara (b. 1979) eventually settled in Jackson, Mississippi. Thibodeaux played with jazz bands locally for a brief time before joining a newly revamped Christian rock band, David and the Giants in 1979.

Thibodeaux's autobiography Life After Lucy was published in 1994.

References

External links

 Ballet Magnificat! website
 David and the Giants website

1950 births
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century Christians
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century Christians
American evangelicals
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American performers of Christian music
Cajun musicians
Former Roman Catholics
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
Musicians from Lafayette, Louisiana
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from Mississippi
Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, California) alumni
People from Lafayette, Louisiana

Richard Keith (actor)


Frederick Maddison JP (17 August 1856 – 12 March 1937) was a British trade unionist leader and Liberal politician.

Background
Born in Boston, Lincolnshire, Maddison studied at Adelaide Street Wesleyan School, Kingston upon Hull.

Career
He joined the Typographical Association and soon rose in prominence, becoming President of the Trades Union Congress in 1886.  In 1887, he became the first working class member of Hull Corporation.  He took a post in the Labour Department of the Board of Trade, and became a labour journalist.

Maddison stood as a Lib–Lab candidate for Parliament on several occasions, first in Kingston upon Hull Central at the 1892 and 1895 general elections.  He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sheffield Brightside at a by-election in 1897, becoming Sheffield's first working class Member of Parliament, but narrowly lost the seat at the 1900 election. A major factor in his defeat was his support for the Boers during the Boer War. Maddison was not a man of independent financial means and was seeking to represent working class constituencies which were not in a position to bank roll a candidate at election time. From 1897 onwards, he was reliant upon the Liberal Party Chief to arrange for the  payment of his election expenses.

In 1906, Maddison was elected for Burnley. Dod's Parliamentary Companion in 1907 described him as a Radical, in favour of Old Age Pensions, Taxation of Land Values and Reform of the House of Lords. In June 1908 the Lib-Lab trade union group of MPs debated their relationship with the Labour Party at future elections. It was proposed that sitting members of both groups should be given support, along with any candidates endorsed by the TUC Parliamentary Committee. Maddison was a vocal part of the minority who opposed this relationship. He argued that group members should be free to support any Liberal candidates who faced Labour Party opposition, pointing out on class grounds that the proposal, in this instance, would force the group to back a middle-class candidate endorsed by the Labour Party over a working-class candidate endorsed by his Liberal Association. Even though he was returned at Burnley in 1906, Maddison was on the look out to switch constituencies for the 1910 election. Liberal Chief Whip Jack Pease was keen to find a Liberal to run against the Labour Party's Ramsay MacDonald at Leicester and Maddison's candidacy was approved by Prime Minister Asquith. However, Maddison chose to defend his seat at Burnley. He lost this seat in January 1910.

He never returned to Parliament, despite standing at Darlington in December 1910, Holderness in 1918, South Dorset in 1922 and finally Reading in 1923. He was President of the Labour Association for Promoting Co-operative Production. As a committed pacifist, he was Secretary of the International Arbitration League. He was a Justice of the peace for the County of London.

External links
Maddison at the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
 http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-47375

References

1856 births
1937 deaths
Trade unionists from Lincolnshire
Liberal-Labour (UK) MPs
People from Boston, Lincolnshire
Politics of Sheffield
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1906–1910
Politics of Burnley
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Lancashire
Presidents of the Trades Union Congress
Typographical Association-sponsored MPs

Fred Maddison


The  Australian National Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux is the main memorial to Australian military personnel killed on the Western Front during World War I. It is located on the Route Villiers-Bretonneux (D 23), between the towns of Fouilloy and Villers-Bretonneux, in the Somme département, France. The memorial lists 10,773 names of soldiers of the Australian Imperial Force with no known grave who were killed between 1916, when Australian forces arrived in France and Belgium, and the end of the war. The location was chosen to commemorate the role played by Australian soldiers in the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux (24–27 April 1918).

Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the memorial consists of a tower within the Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery, which also includes a Cross of Sacrifice. The tower is surrounded by walls and panels on which the names of the missing dead are listed. The main inscription is in both French and English, on either side of the entrance to the tower. The memorial and cemetery are maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

History of the memorial
Following the war, the commander of the Australian Corps, Lieutenant General Sir Talbot Hobbs chose the sites of several Australian memorials in Europe and proposed that a memorial to all of the Australian dead on the Western Front be built in France, in the Villers-Bretonneux area. The proposal was approved by the Australian government – still led by wartime Prime Minister Billy Hughes – in 1923. A competition to design the memorial was held in 1925. It was open only to Australian veterans and their parents; their entries were required to use only stone quarried in Australia. The competition was won by the Melbourne architect William Lucas. In 1929, the French government gave its approval to the project.

The Scullin government suspended the project in 1930, due to the Great Depression and the projected cost, as well as dissatisfaction with aesthetic elements of Lucas's design. Following a 1935 visit to Australia by the head of the Imperial War Graves Commission, Sir Fabian Ware, a cheaper design was sought, using French stone, from Sir Edwin Lutyens.

Construction of the memorial took place in 1936 and 1937. It was unveiled on 22 July 1938 by King George VI, whose words were broadcast directly to Australia. Other dignitaries present included the French President Albert Lebrun, who also gave a speech, and the Australian deputy prime minister Earle Page. Accompanying the King was his wife Queen Elizabeth, whose brother was killed at the Battle of Loos. This memorial was the last of the great memorials to the missing of World War I to be built, and the Second World War broke out just over a year after its unveiling. During the unveiling ceremony, the King closed his speech with the words:
"They rest in peace, while over them all Australia's tower keeps watch and ward."

Every year on 25 April, an Anzac Day Dawn Service is conducted at the memorial by the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs. The service commences at 5.30am and is followed by community services in Villers-Bretonneux and Bullecourt.

The cemetery originally included 60 hornbeam trees, planted in 1928. These were removed in 2009 as they reached the end of their lives, and were replaced by new trees as part of plans for the centenary commemorations in 2018.

The Sir John Monash Centre, an interpretive centre behind the Villers–Bretonneux Australian National Memorial, opened in April 2018.

Notable Commemoratees
Private Thomas Cooke – New Zealand-born Australian Army VC recipient.

Footnotes and references

External links

Commonwealth War Graves Commission details of the Villers–Bretonneux Memorial
Villers–Bretonneux, Australian National Memorial – history and description of the memorial and pictures of the unveiling ceremony and of details of the memorial (Department of Veteran Affairs, Australia)
British-Pathé Newsreel report that includes the unveiling of the memorial, unveiling is at 2:14 to 2:51 (Adobe Flash)
Australian National War Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux, France (William Lucas, 1930, Argonaut Press) – book by Lucas on his rejected plans for the memorial (catalogue entry from the National Library of Australia)
Anzac Day Dawn Service at the Australian National Memorial, Villers-Bretonneux

Australian military memorials
Commonwealth War Graves Commission memorials
World War I memorials in France
Buildings and structures completed in 1938
Monuments and memorials in Somme (department)
Australia–France relations
Works of Edwin Lutyens in France
War memorials by Edwin Lutyens
Australian diaspora in Europe
Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)

Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial


Benjamin Kendall Emerson (December 20, 1843 – April 7, 1932) was an American geologist and author.

Biography

Emerson attended Amherst College, where he joined the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity and from which he graduated in 1865 as valedictorian. He went on to study in Germany at the University of Berlin, and received his doctorate from the University of Göttingen in 1870.  He returned to the United States where he joined the faculty at Amherst, where he was professor of geology and related sciences from 1872 to 1917 and simultaneously at Smith College from 1878 to 1912.  He was also assistant geologist from 1890 to 1896, and later geologist from 1896 to 1920 for the United States Geological Survey.  He helped found the Geological Society of America and was its president in 1899.

In 1893 he was seriously injured in a train wreck in Ohio, but he recovered. In 1897 he was elected vice president of the International Geological Congress, and attended the meeting of the Congress in St Petersburg, Russia. He followed this with an excursion through Siberia. In 1899 he accompanied the Harriman Alaska Expedition, where Mount Emerson bears his name.

His chief field of study was the geology of western Massachusetts, the Connecticut River valley, and Rhode Island.

Family
Benjamin Kendall Emerson was the son of Benjamin Frothingham Emerson and Eliza Kendall Emerson of Nashua, New Hampshire.  He married twice; his first wife was Mary Annette Hopkins, daughter of Rev Erastus Hopkins of Northampton, Massachusetts.  They were married on April 2, 1873, and had six children: Charlotte Freylinghuysen (b. 1874), Benjamin Kendall (b. 1875), Edward Hopkins (b. 1877), Annette Hopkins (b. 1879), Malleville Wheelock (b. 1887), and Caroline Dwight (1891-1973), who became a prolific author of over 20 children's books, including The Hat-Tub Tale, about the Bay of Fundy.

Mary Annette Hopkins Emerson died on July 3, 1897; Benjamin Emerson then married Anna James Seelye, daughter of Julius Seelye of Amherst on April 4, 1901.  They had two children: Elizabeth James (b. 1903) and Henry Seelye (b. 1907).

Professional memberships
Emerson was a member of the following organizations:
 The American Association for the Advancement of Science (vice president, 1896)
 The American Geographical Society
 Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft
 Society of Naturalists of Eastern United States
 Washington Academy of Sciences
 American Philosophical Society
 Geological Society of America (original fellow, 1889; second vice president, 1897; first vice president, 1898; president, 1899)
 Phi Beta Kappa

Works
Among his works are Geology of Old Hampshire County, Massachusetts (1898), Geology of Massachusetts and Rhode Island (1917), and a report (1904) on the Harriman Expedition to Alaska. The Archives and Special Collections at Amherst College holds a collection of his papers.

References

External links
 Benjamin Kendall Emerson (AC 1865) Papers from the Amherst College Archives & Special Collections

1843 births
1932 deaths
Amherst College alumni
Amherst College faculty
University of Göttingen alumni
Smith College faculty
American geologists
People involved with the periodic table
Presidents of the Geological Society of America

Benjamin Kendall Emerson


The , also known as the ,  is one of Japan's traditional regions. The Japanese conventions of geography and history divide the nation into eight regions, including the Chūgoku region.  These have been used since 1905 as basic units for description and comparison and as cultural markers.

The regions of Japan are a fusion of historical divisions and modern administrative needs".  The significance of the region in Japan is geographical, cultural and administrative.

History
In the late 7th century, the San'indō and San'yōdō were identified as two of the eight largest administrative areas of the Imperial system (ritsuryo seido).

Gokishichidō is an ancient system of names for parts of the country, including San'indō and San'yōdō.  Chūgoku covers a western part of the island of Honshū in roughly the same area as the traditional San'indō and San'yōdō.

In the Meiji period, the modern regional system was made by Imperial decree.  Japan was divided into regions (chihō ), including the Chūgoku region. A regional council  (chihō gyōsei kyōgisai) was headed by the governor of the most powerful prefecture in the regional grouping.  The council also included regional chiefs of central government ministries.

Table: Chūgoku

Over time, Chūgoku has developed its own regional dialects, customs and unique traditional culture.

Related pages

 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Chūgoku region

Chūgoku region


Nottingham Township was a township that existed for almost 168 years in New Jersey, from 1688 until it was dissolved in 1856.

The township was created on November 6, 1688, as a part of nascent Burlington County in the Province of West Jersey, representing half of the future Province of New Jersey. It was incorporated by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature as one of the State of New Jersey's initial group of 104 townships on February 21, 1798. On February 22, 1838, the township became part of the newly formed Mercer County.

On February 28, 1840, the Borough of South Trenton, New Jersey was created, and annexed in 1851 as part of Trenton. Hamilton Township was created on April 11, 1842, from portions of Nottingham, reducing its once sprawling territory to a long sliver of land running between the Delaware River and the Delaware and Raritan Canal. Portions of the township were annexed by Bordentown borough (now a city) on February 13, 1849.

Nottingham Township was dissolved on April 14, 1856, with portions of its territory being split between Hamilton Township and Trenton.

References

1688 establishments in the Dominion of New England
1856 disestablishments in New Jersey
Former municipalities in Mercer County, New Jersey
Former townships in New Jersey
Populated places established in 1688
Populated places disestablished in 1856

Nottingham Township, New Jersey


Canberra Museum and Gallery is an art gallery and museum in Canberra, the capital of Australia. It is located on London Circuit, in Civic in the centre of the city. The gallery was opened on 13 February 1998.

The museum houses a permanent collection called Reflecting Canberra which opened on 14 February 2001. Among other things the exhibition includes works on display about the Canberra bushfires of 2003.

There are several galleries located on two floors of the building, which have different exhibitions of paintings, photography or other works of art and the social history of Canberra. In its first five years the gallery had held 158 exhibitions. Entry to the gallery is free.

CMAG is part of ACT Museums and Galleries which is an administrative unit of the Cultural Facilities Corporation (CFC), part of the ACT Government. The CFC was established under the Cultural Facilities Corporation Act 1997 for the purpose of managing and developing a number of the ACT's major cultural assets: the Canberra Theatre; the Canberra Museum and Gallery; the Nolan Collection and ACT Historic Places (Lanyon Homestead, Calthorpes' House and Mugga Mugga). The Corporation's responsibilities span across the performing and visual arts, social history and cultural heritage management.

Consisting of the Canberra Museum and Gallery, the Nolan Collection and ACT Historic Places (Lanyon, Calthorpes' House and Mugga Mugga), ACT Museums and Galleries delivers a range of cultural services to the community in providing activities such as exhibitions, public and education programs, as well as through collecting, conserving and presenting significant aspects
of the ACT's cultural heritage.

CMAG offers a variety of interactive, educational experiences for students from K-12. The interactive activities range from story telling, creating art, and engaging with exhibitions.
Online resources are available on the CMAG website for educators.

See also
 List of museums in the Australian Capital Territory
 Mugga-Mugga at Google Cultural Institute

References

External links

 5 year anniversary
 Canberra Museum and Gallery at Google Cultural Institute

Art museums established in 1998
Museums in Canberra
Art museums and galleries in Australia
1998 establishments in Australia
History museums in Australia

Canberra Museum and Gallery


Leo Michelis is a Greek-Canadian economist. He is a professor of economics at Toronto Metropolitan University. He received his Ph.D. in economics from Queen's University and his B.A. and M.A. degrees from York University. His areas of research interests are theoretical and applied econometrics and macro-monetary economics. He has published, among others, in Canadian Journal of Economics, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Journal of Econometrics and Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control.

Books
Macroeconomics (with B. De Long & A. Mansoorian), (2004), McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Exchange Rates, Economic Integration and the International Economy (co-edited with M. Lovewell) (2004), APF Press.

Selected publications
"Money, Capital and Real Liquidity Effects with Habit Formation" (with A. Mansoorian) Canadian Journal of Economics (2005).
"Money, Habits and Endogenous Growth" (with A. Mansoorian) Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control (2004).
"The Distributions of the J and Cox Nonnested Tests in Regression Models with Nearly Orthogonal Regressors" Journal of Econometrics (1999).
"Numerical Distribution Functions of Likelihood Ratio Tests for Cointegration" (with J.G. MacKinnon and A.A. Haug) Journal of Applied Econometrics (1999).

References
Webpage from Ryerson University

21st-century Greek economists
21st-century Canadian economists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic staff of Toronto Metropolitan University

Leo Michelis


G. B. Harrison (14 July 1894 – 1 November 1991) was one of the leading Shakespeare experts of his time and the editor of the Shakespeare Penguin Classics. During his professional career, Harrison was an English professor at both Queen's University and the University of Michigan. He was a firm believer in traditional Catholicism and was a member of the Advisory Committee of the International Commission of English in the Liturgy. The Advisory Committee was in charge of overseeing and organizing work on a modern English translation of the Latin Mass. In his lifetime, Harrison had an active part in both World Wars and lived a civilian's life in four countries.

Early life and education
G. B. Harrison was born George Bagshawe Harrison on 14 July 1894 in Hove, Sussex, England. He was christened after his paternal grandfather. The middle name of Bagshawe was derived from his mother's side of the family. Although both of his parents envisioned high aspirations to fit a namesake that joined both sides of the family, an older Harrison wrote in his memoir that he "would have none of it." His father, Walter Harrison, had a master's degree in dentistry from Harvard and married Ada Louise Bagshawe. G. B. Harrison was the second oldest child of the family. He succeeded Walter Parker, and was followed by Richard.

Harrison grew up being read to. Soon he and Walter were demanding their favorite stories and seeking new ones. His mother took him to a kindergarten for both boys and girls, where Harrison slowly expanded his interest in reading until he could read for himself. Walter Harrison Sr. often took the boys to London for royal pageants and parades, popular in their time and giving way to vast crowds in Trafalgar Square. At the age of seven, Harrison continued his early education at the Brighton and Hove Boys' Preparatory School: Crescent House. Harrison furthered his education at Brighton College in order to receive the full "public school education." He attended Queens' College, Cambridge in 1913–1914, and again in 1919–1920 and in the Tripos received a first-class Honours BA degree in English. In 1923, he was awarded an MA degree. In 1928, Harrison earned a PhD in London (Harrison's Resume).

Harrison served in both World Wars. For most of World War I, he was based in Lucknow, India as a Second Lieutenant  in the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey). He noted it consisted of the only white troops in the garrison. He wrote to his parents nearly every day and noted the everyday aspects of life from training exercises and drills, to pickup sports matches, to sightseeing excursions. He kept careful track of whether or not he received mail in reply and often reminded his parents that their letter writing frequency was not quite up to par. The Christmas package that they sent, was, Harrison feared, at the bottom of the ocean, along with the ship that had been carrying it. Later on, Harrison was stationed in Mesopotamia (G. B. Harrison letters to parents).  In World War II, Harrison became a Supplies Officer and later worked in Intelligence.

Family and personal life
	On 9 April 1919 Harrison married his wife, Dorothy. Together, the two had four children: Maurice, Joan, Michael and Anthony. Starting in 1910, Harrison kept up a frequent diary. He recorded everyday events and profound thoughts, and on December 31 of each year, he summed up the highs and lows and evaluated that particular year of his life as it related to all the others. At first, Harrison recorded these thoughts in marbled composition books, but later on he favored the Canadian Line Daily journal. When he moved to Michigan, Harrison replaced it with the similarly arrayed Collins Royal Diary (Harrison Diaries).

Teaching career
Harrison started his career in 1924 as a reader at King's College London and held this position until his work was interrupted by the Second World War. In the event of war, Cambridge planned a scheme of dispersal for the various schools and colleges. When this scheme took effect in the year 1939, Harrison was not invited to accompany the college in exile. He applied to a vast number of places for work and this number included "all the universities in Canada"  In May 1943, Harrison was informed of his appointment as head of the English Department at Queen's University in Ontario. Thus the family crossed the Atlantic Ocean and moved to Canada (Harrison's Memoir). His daughter attended Queen's Medical School and Harrison grew accustomed to his position as a member of the faculty (Letters to Rice).

Like most people, Harrison was tempted by a higher salary and a change of pace. He was offered a professorship at the University of Michigan, but before Harrison would accept, he sent several lines of inquiry to his future colleagues at Michigan. Harrison did not want to feel as if he was jumping ship on Queen's and its faculty and students who had never caused him grief or driven him to conflict (Letters to Rice).

Despite all of this, Harrison was also looking to expand his horizons. He was very concerned about budgeting and being able to pursue his own lines of interest. Harrison did not want to be tied down by University guidelines or teaching policy, and although Michigan offered him a better salary, Harrison also wanted to make sure that everything from the pension to the available housing in Ann Arbor aligned with his goals (Letters to Rice). There was also the matter of obtaining a Visa. To express these worries and various others, Harrison sent a flurry of letters to the Dean and various other members of the University of Michigan English Department. Harrison formally accepted his appointment to Michigan on 25 July 1948. After rounding out the first half of 1949 at Queen's, Harrison and Dorothy set out for Ann Arbor. Harrison officially took up post at the University of Michigan in the fall term of 1949 (Letters to Rice).

At the University of Michigan, Harrison became professor of Shakespearean and Elizabethan studies. He received various honorary degrees for his work and continued to teach until his retirement from Michigan. Harrison was reappointed almost immediately as a professor working on 1/3rd time for the winter term of January 1965. After this term, Harrison celebrated his official retirement, which happened to coincide with the 400th anniversary year of Shakespeare (News and Information). After retirement, Harrison worked on translating the Catholic Latin Mass into English and took part in the International Commission on English in the Liturgy.

Published and edited works

What is perhaps Harrison's most well-known contribution to literary circles, although not many people are aware of his direct contribution, are the Shakespeare Penguin Classics, for which he was general editor. These relatively cheap, paperback copies were "intended for serious readers of books who preferred owning their own cop[ies]." Harrison also edited the Harcourt Brace College Shakespeare.

Harrison is also known for his many works on Shakespeare and his synthetic Elizabethan and Jacobean Journals. During his own studies, Harrison noticed that while there were notable books that centered on and analyzed Shakespeare, there was "nothing cheap, popular and portable." This led to Shakespeare: The Man and his Stage in 1923, which was written in collaboration with E. A. G. Lamborn. The book centered on Shakespeare, his plays, and the traditions of the time they were written in. In reviews, it was held up as successfully providing valuable academic content in simple, engaging and easy to understand language. Harrison found a way to convey historic events in a creative and engaging way in his Elizabethan Journals  which included An Elizabethan Journal: Being a Record of Those Things Most Talked of During the Years 1591-1594, A Second Elizabethan Journal and A Last Elizabethan Journal. In his Jacobean Journals, Harrison proves adept at writing in and simulating seventeenth century style prose. As in the Elizabethan Journals, Harrison searches through primary historical evidence and weaves it into an engaging narrative in the form of multiple journals  published under the titles: A Jacobean Journal: Being a Record of Those Things Most Talked of During the Years 1603-1606, and A Second Jacobean Journal: 1607-1610. Other notable works include biographies centered on John Bunyan and the Earl of Essex (G. B. Harrison Papers, Biography).

In 1962, Harrison published The Profession of English. It was to fill the role of a textbook of sorts, and, according to an education orientated reviewer, succeeded as a worthy "pedagogical autobiography." Instead of solely focusing on just the professor, the book also questions and encourages what students think. Harrison's original goal, as he states in the introduction, was to answer a question that his graduate assistant had earnestly asked as the pair were walking through Angell Hall at the University of Michigan. His graduate assistant boldly inquired after what Harrison was "trying to accomplish in [his] teaching and study of English literature." After pursuing various lines of inquiry with professors in all areas of the department, Harrison realized that no one had a ready and genuine answer to his graduate assistant's question. Not even Harrison himself had been able to answer without circling around the heart of the matter. Thus, in The Profession of English, Harrison sets out to answer this question and explore the broader implications of reading and studying English.

While G. B. Harrison was interested in and did write fiction, he ultimately ended up only publishing one novel. The Fires of Arcadia was published in 1956. It follows the life of a young lad and describes the various adventures that pepper his college experience.

Later, in 1985, Harrison published his memoir, One Man in His Time. He explores all aspects of and tries to make sense of his life in regards to the snippets of memory that pertain to the ordinary, everyday events of life. Everyone is, in a sense, only a product of the time that he or she lives in.

Later years and retirement
After a long, successful career, G. B. Harrison and Dorothy retired to New Zealand, and Harrison wrote and published his memoir. George Bagshawe Harrison died at his New Zealand home on 1 November 1991.

References

1894 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholics
20th-century English diarists
20th-century English educators
20th-century English translators
20th-century English novelists
Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge
People from Hove
University of Michigan faculty
Shakespearean scholars
Penguin Books people
English book editors
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
Writers from Sussex
People educated at Brighton College
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army personnel of World War II
English expatriates in Canada
English expatriates in the United States
Latin–English translators

G. B. Harrison


Kate DiCamillo  is an award-winning American children's book author.

Life
DiCamillo was born on March 25, 1964, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States. She moved to Florida when she was five years old. She graduated from the University of Florida in 1987. She is now the National Ambassador for Young People's Literature, chosen by the Librarian of Congress. She speaks to people about children's literature.

Awards
DiCamillo won the Newbery Medal for The Tale of Despereaux in 2004, then again in 2014 for Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures, a Parents' Choice Gold Award and a Newbery Honor for Because of Winn-Dixie. She was also given the Award for Young People's Literature for The Tiger Rising.

Books
Because of Winn-Dixie (2000): A book about India Opal Buloni, a 10 year old girl in Florida who adopts a stray dog.
The Tiger Rising (2001): This book is about a 12 year old boy names Rob Horton who becomes friends with a girl named Sistine.
The Tale of Despereaux (2003): This is a book about a mouse who loves a princess.
Mercy Watson to the Rescue (2005): A comic book about a pig named Mercy Watson.
The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane (2006): A story from the point of view of a pet rabbit.
Mercy Watson Goes for a Ride (2006): A comic book about a pig named Mercy Watson.
Great Joy (2007): A picture book about Christmas.
 Mercy Watson Thinks Like a Pig (2008): A comic book about a pig named Mercy Watson.
Louise, the Adventures of a Chicken (2008): A comic book about a chicken named Louise.
Mercy Watson: Something Wonky This Way Comes (2009): A comic book about a pig named Mercy Watson
The Magician's Elephant (2009): The story of a boy who wants to find his sister.
Bink & Gollie (2010): A series of chapter books about best friends who go on adventures.
 Flora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures (2013), illus.
 Alice In Wonderland (2002)

References

Writers from Philadelphia
1964 births
Living people
American children's writers

Kate DiCamillo