QuarkXPress is desktop publishing software for creating and editing complex page layouts in a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment. It runs on macOS and Windows. It was first released by Quark, Inc. in 1987 and is still owned and published by them.

The most recent version, QuarkXPress 2022 (internal version number 18.0.0), allows publishing in English ("International and U.S.") and 36 other languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, German, Korean, Russian, French and Spanish.

QuarkXPress is used by individual designers, large publishing houses and corporations to produce a variety of layouts, from single-page flyers and collateral to the multi-media projects required for magazines, newspapers, catalogs and the like. More recent versions have added support for ebooks, Web and mobile apps.

History
Founded by Tim Gill in 1981 with a $2,000 loan from his parents, with the introduction of Fred Ebrahimi as CEO in 1986.

The first version of QuarkXPress was released in 1987 for the Macintosh. Five years passed before a Microsoft Windows version (3.1) followed in 1992. In the 1990s, QuarkXPress became widely used by professional page designers, the typesetting industry and printers. In particular, the Mac version of 3.3 (released in 1996) was seen as stable and trouble-free, working seamlessly with Adobe's PostScript fonts as well as with Apple's TrueType fonts. Quark's AppleScript support was a significant factor in both Quark's and AppleScript's success.

In 1989, QuarkXPress incorporated an application programming interface called XTensions which allows third-party developers to create custom add-on features to the desktop application. Xtensions, along with Adobe's Photoshop plugins, was one of the first examples of a developer allowing others to create software add-ons for their application.

Although competitors like PageMaker existed, QuarkXPress was so dominant that it had an estimated 95% market share during the 1990s. After QuarkXPress 3.3, QuarkXPress was seen as needing significant improvements and users criticized it for its overly long innovation cycles.

Gill sold his 50% stake in the company in 1999 for a reported $500 million.

The release of QuarkXPress version 5 in 2002 led to disappointment from Apple's user base, as QuarkXPress did not support Mac OS X, while Adobe InDesign 2.0—launched in the same week—did. QuarkXPress also lost marketshare due to an increasing price gap between it and InDesign. InDesign CS cost $699, while QuarkXPress 6 cost $945. The later Adobe Creative Suite (2003), which users purchased for access to Photoshop and Illustrator, included InDesign.

In response to a shrinking user base, Quark started to lower its pricing levels in 2004. In December 2006, Quark licensed the Windows version of QuarkXPress 5 to be distributed for free on the cover of a UK computer magazine, Computer Shopper, with the idea of enticing consumers to upgrade to later versions.

Having arrived late with a Mac OS X version, Quark took a different approach to porting to Intel-native applications on Mac (Universal Binary), and released its Universal Binary version 7 months before Adobe ported InDesign.

QuarkXPress 9 won Product of the Year in 2011 (MacWorld Awards 2011: Grand Prix Winner).

Since 2015, QuarkXPress has been updated on an annual cycle, with major version releases from 2015 to present.

Use and features
The package provides the basic functionality of font, alignment, spacing, and color, but it also provides its users with professional typesetting options such as kerning, curving text along a line, and ligatures.

A QuarkXPress document contains text and graphics boxes. The boxes can be reshaped, layered, and given varying levels of transparency and text alignment (runaround). Both box positioning and graphic or text positioning is allowed within a box with an accuracy of one-thousandth of an inch.

Color control allows the full-use of printing-press standard Pantone or Hexachrome inks, along with a variety of other color-space options. Draft output can be printed on conventional desktop printers. Process color (CMYK) separation films can be produced for printing-presses. QuarkXPress also offers the ability for composite work-flows, both with PostScript and PDF output.

QuarkXPress offers layout synchronization, multiple undo/redo functionality, XML and web page (HTML) features, and support for direct PDF import and output. Documents can be verified (pre-flight) before printing. This high-level print preview automatically identifies conflicts and other printing problems. Adobe has a similar feature in InDesign.

Composition zones feature makes it the only desktop application with multi-user capabilities by allowing multiple users to edit different zones on the same page. Composition Zones pushes collaboration a step further than just simultaneous text/picture (as possible with Quark CopyDesk since 1991), as it allows layout and graphic elements to be edited outside the layout application.

User-defined rules, output specs, and layout specs can be used for intelligent templates and enable resource sharing (for example, server-based style sheet definitions).

Version 6.5, released at the end of 2004, added enhanced support for the Photoshop format (PSD). The PSD integration and picture manipulation features led to QuarkXPress receiving a number of awards, such as the Macworld Editor's Choice for 2004.

Version 7 added support for OpenType, Unicode, JDF, and also PDF/X-export. QuarkXPress 7 also added unique features, such as native transparency at the color level.

QuarkXPress 8 introduced a completely new user interface, support for drag and drop, PDF 1.7 import, AI Import and a global file format. Design grids can be assigned to pages and boxes to allow unlimited baseline grids. Hanging characters can be applied and customized by character and amount to hang outside the box. This is the first version to include built-in Adobe Flash authoring. Designers can create Flash content including sound, video, animation and interactivity without programming. In October 2008, QuarkXPress 8 won the MacUser Award for Print Publishing Software of the Year.

With version 9 QuarkXPress extended its crossmedia publishing approach and can be used now to also export to eBooks (ePub3 and Blio) and native apps (for the iPad). With App Studio, which is shipped with QuarkXPress, designers can even create and design their own apps. Additionally QuarkXPress 9 offers cascading styles (stylesheets based on text content), callouts (anchored objects that flow with the text based on position rules), create complex ad editable Bézier paths using a wizard (ShapeMaker), bullets and numbers (with import and export from/to Microsoft Word) and more.

The Mac version of QuarkXPress 9 is for Intel processors only, making QuarkXPress 8.5.1 the last choice for PPC-based Macs.

QuarkXPress 10, was described by Quark as a major re-write of the software on the Mac platform in particular to move it from the older Carbon API to Cocoa. It also included a new, modern graphics engine, Xenon. During the lifecycle of version 10, new features included Retina Display support, PDF pass-through transparency, notes, redlining, increased zoom (8000%) and the ability to create HTML5 animations for inclusion in App Studio tablet and smartphone apps.

QuarkXPress 2015 was the first version to use a different naming scheme. It was completely 64-bit and added fixed-layout ePub and Kindle export as well as exporting layouts as PDF/X-4. Quark claimed to have added the top 10 of all user-requested features.

QuarkXPress 2016 included the ability to import and copy and paste from other applications and file formats to native QuarkXPress objects. The release also includes revamped digital capabilities including being able to create HTML5 Publications. Top user requested features include multi-gradient blends and a color picker tool.

QuarkXPress 2017 continued the new naming scheme and established an annual release cycle. The headline features include non-destructive image editing, various typography enhancements such as text stroking and text shading, responsive HTML5, and unlimited iOS apps for no additional cost (outside of the Apple Developer fees). Other user-requested features included adaptive layout conversion for print, smart quotes, and proportional leading.

On March 1, 2018, Quark announced QuarkXPress 2018, stating it would be available on May 16, 2018, continuing its now familiar annual release cycle. The headline features in version 2018 include new OpenType controls, hyphenation strictness, support for color fonts, IDML import (to convert Adobe InDesign documents to QuarkXPress) and the ability to create unlimited Android apps for no additional cost (outside of the Google Play fees).

Server version
In the beginning of 2003 Quark released a server version of QuarkXPress, originally called QuarkDDS. Renamed in 2006 to "QuarkXPress Server", the product is now primarily sold with Quark Publishing Platform – the central hub of the company's content automation solutions. QuarkXPress Server is a Java application that takes content components (text, images, video, data, charts, etc.) and automatically assembles them into different formats from PDFs to responsive HTML and Web apps. As the content is assembled into templates using granular content components, the output can be highly customized for different audiences in terms of the content and the brand. The system relies on XML.

Extensions and tools

Quark Interactive Designer
Quark Interactive Designer is an extension and tool for creating Adobe Flash context from QuarkXPress documents. It enables the export QuarkXPress projects in SWF (Flash) file format.  This allows documents created for print or web production to also be output as a Flash advertisement.  No knowledge of timelines or ActionScript is necessary for this purpose. Since QuarkXPress is natively capable of creating HTML projects, this allows web designers to design and build their HTML and Flash elements and combine them all in a single application. Resulting files can be exported as SWF Flash files or standalone Projector applications for macOS or Windows. Quark Interactive Designer makes use of palette-based actions, similar to those found in PowerPoint, in order to animate text and graphics.  It also allows some use of button-triggered behaviors and embedding of QuickTime and Flash Video, and audio files.

Version history
 QuarkXPress 1 (1987) – Mac OS only.
 QuarkXPress 2 (1989) – First non-English versions (e.g. French, German).
 QuarkXPress 2.1 (1989) – Enhanced typographic control, such as user-definable kerning tables.
 QuarkXPress 3 (1990) – First version with measurement palette and support for libraries.
 QuarkXPress 3.1 (1992) – First version to also support Windows.
 QuarkXPress 3.2 (1993) – First version to support Applescript and color management.
 QuarkXPress 3.3 (1996) – First version to support PPC natively. First Passport Version (optional).
 QuarkXPress 3.32 (1996) – Support for QuarkImmedia. This is the last version which works on Windows 3.x (requires Win32s to be installed).
 QuarkXPress 4 (1997) – First version with bézier curves. Notable interface improvements include pop-up tools and tabbed dialog boxes.
 QuarkXPress 4.1 (1999) – First version to also support PDF and XML.
 QuarkXPress 5 (2002) – First version to offer tables and to export HTML.
 QuarkXPress Server (QuarkDDS) released.
 QuarkXPress 6 (2003) – First version to support Mac OS X.
 QuarkXPress 6.1 (2004) – First version with Excel Import filter.
 QuarkXPress 6.5 (2004) – First version to also support the Document Object Model and features for picture retouching.
 QuarkXPress 6.52 (2006) – Bug fixes, released after Quark 7.
 QuarkXPress 7 (2006) – First version to support OpenType, Unicode, PDF/X, Shadows/Transparencies, Job Definition Format and Composition Zones.
 QuarkXPress 7.01 (8 August 2006) – First native version for Intel Macs (Universal binary), plus PPML support.
 QuarkXPress 7.02 (2006) – Additional language support in Passport.
 QuarkXPress 7.1 (2007) – Performance update.
 QuarkXPress 7.2 (2007) – First version to support Windows Vista, additional languages.
 QuarkXPress 7.3 (2007) – Increased UI localization and PDF support, improved performance and stability.
 QuarkXPress 7.31 (2007) – Certification on Windows Vista, support for Mac OS X 10.5 ("Leopard"), enhancements to spell checking.
 QuarkXPress 7.4 (2008) – non public release, only for QPS customers.
 QuarkXPress 7.5 (2008) – Bug-fix release, released after release of Quark 8.
 QuarkXPress 8 (2008) – New UI, drag-and-drop support, direct image manipulation, customizable optical margin alignment, multiple baseline grids, East Asian support, built-in Flash authoring.
 QuarkXPress 8.01 (2008) – Spellchecker enhancements
 QuarkXPress 8.02 (2009) – Five new languages and new Pantone libraries.
 QuarkXPress 8.1 (2009) – Numerical scale, native transparency and layers in PDF, improved spell checker and other feature improvements. Supports Snow Leopard and Windows 7.
 QuarkXPress 8.12 (2009) – Bug-fix release.
 QuarkXPress 8.15 (2010) (Mac OS X only) – Fixes activation issues on certain Apple hardware.
 QuarkXPress 8.1.6 (2010) – Speed optimizations
 QuarkXPress 220.127.116.11 (2010) – Bug-fix release.
 QuarkXPress 8.5 (2010) – Bug fixes, auto updater, DOCX import.
 QuarkXPress 8.5.1 (2011) – Bug fixes, last Universal Binary version.
 QuarkXPress 9 (2011) – Nested Styles, callouts (anchored elements outside text boxes), bullets and numbers, shape wizard, multi-image import, ePUB Export.
 QuarkXPress 9.0.1 (2011) – Bug-fix release
 QuarkXPress 9.1 (2011) – Addition of "App Studio", which allows to export multimedia apps for iPad out of QuarkXPress. First version to officially support Mac OS X Lion
 QuarkXPress 9.2 (2012) – Export to ePUB 3.0, plus ability to create ePUB files from scratch. Improvements to App Studio, including iOS 5 support.
 QuarkXPress 9.2.1 (2012) (Mac OS X only) – Fix "missing icons" bug caused by Lion 10.7.3
 QuarkXPress 18.104.22.168 (2012) – Added support for exporting to the Retina iPad
 QuarkXPress 9.3 (2012) – Export eBooks directly to Amazon Kindle format, plus other minor fixes including EPS and PDF color management.
 QuarkXPress 9.3.1 (2012) – Compatibility with the OS X Mountain Lion (10.8) Gatekeeper feature.
 QuarkXPress 18.104.22.168 (2012) – Fixes a spellchecker crash.
 QuarkXPress 9.5 (2012) – Allows the creation of 100% HTML5-based content on native apps and platforms such as Android.
 QuarkXPress 9.5.1 (2013) – Adds page stacks, bugfixes
 QuarkXPress 184.108.40.206 (2013) – Bugfixes
 QuarkXPress 9.5.2 (2013) – Download manager, bugfixes
 QuarkXPress 9.5.3 (2013) – Fixes known issues with PDF export
 QuarkXPress 9.5.4 (2013) – Support for OS X Mavericks
 QuarkXPress 10 (September 2013)
 QuarkXPress 10.0.1 (2013) – Support for OS X Mavericks and Windows 8.1
 QuarkXPress 10.1 (2014) – 8000% zoom, smart guides, HTML5-based animations, image export, new book function
 QuarkXPress 10.2 (2014) – Speed Improvements, Notes, Redlining
 QuarkXPress 10.2.1 (2014) – Bug fixes
 QuarkXPress 10.5 (2014) – Support for OS X Yosemite
 QuarkXPress 2015
 QuarkXPress 2015 Release 11.0 (April 2015) – 64-bit version only, over 5 meters max page size, fixed-layout interactive eBooks (FXL ePUB), footers and end notes, text variables, custom paper sizes, user-definable shortcut keys (Mac only), table styles, PDF/X-4.
 May 2015 Release (188.8.131.52) – bug fixes
 July 2015 Release (11.0.1) – faster launch speed
 Sep 2015 Release (11.1) – Support for Windows 10
 Oct 2015 Release (11.2) – Support for OS X El Capitan
 QuarkXPress 2016
 QuarkXPress 2016 Release 12.0 (May 2016) – Convert AI/EPS/PDF to editable objects, copy Illustrator, InDesign, MS Office as editable objects; create HTML5 Publications, multi-color gradients, OpenType Stylistic Sets, Eyedropper
 QuarkXPress 2017
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.0 (May 2017) – Non-destructive image editing, transparency blend modes, text shading and test framing, stroke live text, merge/split columns, create responsive HTML5 Publications, create iOS Apps (for free, no monthly fees)
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.0.1 (June 2017)
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.0.2 (July 2017)
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.1 (October 2017)  – Support for macOS High Sierra
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.1.1 (December 2017) – Fix for PSD filter
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.2 (January 2018) – Beta support for opening Adobe InDesign Markup Language (IDML) files
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.2.1 (January 2018) – Fix for PDF output
 QuarkXPress 2017 Release 13.2.4 (June 2018)
 QuarkXPress 2018
 QuarkXPress 2018 Release 14.0 (May 2018) - OpenType enhancements, color fonts support, hyphenation strictness, InDesign IDML Import, tagged/accessible PDF, built-in JavaScript v8 support, create Android Apps, digital preview improvements, HTML5 export optimizations, unified Windows/Mac interface.
 QuarkXPress 2018 Release 14.0.1 (July 2018)
 QuarkXPress 2018 Release 14.1.2 (October 2018) – Now available in the Mac App Store. Dark Theme for Mojave.
 QuarkXPress 2018 Release 14.2 (December 2018) – Adds typography for Indian languages like Hindi
QuarkXPress 2018 Release 14.2.1 (January 2019)
 QuarkXPress 2019
 QuarkXPress 2019 Release 15.0 (July 2019)
 QuarkXPress 2020
 QuarkXPress 2020 Release 16.0 (2020)
 QuarkXPress 2021
 QuarkXPress 2021 Release 17.0.01 (October 2021)
 QuarkXPress 2022
 QuarkXPress 2022 Release 18.0 (February 2022) - subscription offering in addition to perpetual license option, access to a royalty-free stock image library
 QuarkXPress 2023
 QuarkXPress 2023 Release 19.0 (April 2023)

See also
 Quark Publishing System

References

External links
 Quark Inc. (official site)
 QuarkXPress (official site)
 QuarkXPress Server (official site)
Quark User Blog
QuarkXPress XTensions (Plug-ins / Add-ons for QuarkXPress)

Tutorials
QuarkEd free e-learning files on quark.com

Desktop publishing software
Desktop publishing software for macOS
Desktop publishing software for Windows
Tim Gill

QuarkXPress


The British Armed Forces operates a wide range of communications and information systems.  Some of these are specialised military systems, while others are procured off-the-shelf.  They fall into three main categories:  satellite ground terminals, terrestrial trunk communications systems, and combat net radio systems. Every part of the Army and the uses combat net radio, but only the Royal Corps of Signals and the Royal Air Force operates trunk systems and multi-channel satellite communications.

Satellite ground terminals
Satellite ground terminals play an important part in modern military communications, in view of their high bandwidth and their independence of local communications infrastructure.

In-service systems

TSC 503

The TSC 503 is a transportable compact multi-role satellite bridging system manufactured by SELEX Communications.  It can be deployed in two forms: the first is a rapid deployable terminal with 2MB/s capability that can be on-air in 30 minutes with a two-man crew. The larger full capability terminal, with a 4M antenna, has much increased capacity and a time-into-action of two hours with a four-man crew. Users can be located up to 4 km from the antenna and is one of the most prominent satellite. The terminals are composed of a number of man portable containers. TSC 503, which entered service in mid 1990s, is now no longer in service.

TALON

Talon is a lightweight deployable terminal which uses off-the-shelf commercial technology packaged to provide a terminal suitable for military use.  The terminal is controlled from a ruggedised laptop and can be set up by a crew of two trained operators within 30 minutes. Talon has been employed by the ARRC (Allied Rapid Reaction Corps) in Germany and was used extensively in Operation TELIC in Iraq.  Talon terminals were brought into service in July 2002 and were incorporated into the Skynet 5 contract in October 2003. Each terminal can be carried in a single vehicle, towing the generator mounted on a trailer.

REACHER

Reacher comprises the mobile satellite ground terminals that give military ground forces communications access through Skynet 5 satellites. There are two variants in service with the British Army, Royal Air Force and Royal Marines.  Reacher Medium is a ruggedised land terminal with a 2.4m antenna designed for X-Band military satellite communications. It is designed to operate with a deployed advanced headquarters, and is carried on a Bucher Duro 6x6 vehicle with a detachable cabin and towing a trailer. Reacher Large is mounted on the same vehicle as Reacher Medium, but has a 4.8 m antenna. Reacher All Terrain is in service with the Royal Marines and is mounted on two BV206 vehicles with associated trailers.  All Reacher terminals are transportable using Chinook helicopters, C130 aircraft, by sea and by rail. The systems are supplied by EADS Astrium subsidiary company Paradigm Secure Communications.

No longer in service

VSC 501

The VSC 501 was a vehicle-mounted tactical military satellite terminal, initially operated by 249 Signal Squadron (AMF(L)) (disbanded) and then by 30th Signal Regiment, the Royal Air Force Tactical Communications Wing (now 90 SU), and the Royal Marines. It operated in the military SHF SATCOM frequency band of 7.25 to 8.4 GHz via a geosynchronous satellite, with a data rate of up to 512 kbit/s.  The normal manning level for an VSC 501 station was a crew of two and the system could be set up to provide communications within 15 minutes.  The VSC 501 was the workhorse of the UK tactical military SATCOM system for some years. It was carried in both Land Rovers (Army) and BV 206 All Terrain Vehicles (Royal Marines). An update and enhancement package was completed in late 1999, which included a self-tracking antenna to replace the previous hand-adjusted variant, extended the life of the terminal for several years.  Deployments include the Gulf during Operation GRANBY and Bosnia. The VSC 501 was made by Marconi, based on the Racal TSC 501 satellite equipment.

TSC 502

The Racal TSC 502 was a transportable satellite ground terminal.  It was used by 30th Signal Regiment on Operation CORPORATE in the Falklands War.  It was replaced by the TSC 503 in the mid 1990s.

DAGGER

Dagger is a Land Rover-mounted modular military and civil band satellite communications system designed for rapid deployment and installed in a hard top Land Rover 110 TD5.  It was supplied by SELEX Communications, and saw service in the Balkans, Afghanistan and on Operation TELIC.

PSC 504

PSC 504 was an X-band military satellite communications system designed to provide Special Forces with a highly secure, reliable, flexible and rapidly deployable manpack SATCOM system. Manpack patrol terminals fit in the top of a standard Bergen rucksack. The terminals could be assembled and connected to the satellite network within five minutes by one soldier, even in darkness, to provide long-range secure voice, data and messaging services, as well as a store and forward (e-mail-type) facility. Data services operated at up to 64 kbit/s.

PSC 506
PSC 506 terminals operated as an autonomous network that employed Demand Assigned Multiple Access technology and provided secure speech and secure data. Key elements were Fixed Communications Bases, portable Headquarters Terminals and Patrol Terminals. The system was used from the late 1980s to 2012. The system was developed by Thales from a trials model developed by the Signals Research and Development Establishment, later Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, in the late 1970s.

Terrestrial trunk radio relay
Terrestrial trunk radio relay systems are primarily used to connect the headquarters of brigades, divisions and higher military formations.  They typically deliver voice and data services, and can be based on boxed or palletized equipment, or vehicle installations (which may be mounted under armour for use on the battlefield).

In-service systems

Ptarmigan (obsolete)

Ptarmigan is a mobile, cryptographic digital and modular battlefield wide area network communications system based on the Plessey System 250 architecture.  It was initially designed to meet the needs of the British Army of the Rhine in West Germany, and replaced the BRUIN system. The system consists of a network of electronic exchanges known as trunk nodes.  These nodes are connected by multichannel UHF and SHF radio relay links that carry voice, data, telegraph and facsimile communications.  The Single Channel Radio Access subsystem is effectively a VHF secure mobile telephone system that gives isolated or mobile users an entry point into the network.

First delivery of Ptarmigan equipment was to 1 Armoured Division HQ and Signal Regiment in December 1984, and it entered service in February/March 1985. Subsequent upgrades include the introduction of an Air Portable Secondary Access Node for 16 Air Assault Brigade, and the General Purpose Trunk Access Port software enhancement which provides interconnectivity to other nations' tactical communications systems.

Ptarmigan's system design was the result of detailed studies and feasibility trials carried out jointly by the UK MoD, the Royal Corps of Signals and Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE), the British Army Royal School of Signals and industry. The Plessey Company (subsequently Siemens Plessey Systems and then a constituent part of BAE Systems) was appointed prime contractor and system design authority for Ptarmigan in 1973, with responsibility for engineering development of the complete system; the initial development programme was followed by a series of production contracts worth some £500 million. They covered the provision of the full range of Ptarmigan items from small individual equipments, such as subsets, to major vehicle-mounted installations such as switches and SCRA radio centrals.

A major phased enhancement programme to provide high-integrity packet switched data, including mobile X.25 packet access, international interfacing and the development of equipment for use in armoured vehicles commenced in 1984 and was completed in 1992. BAE Systems was the appointed design authority for supporting the system throughout its post-design phase. This covers the full range of support services from components and equipment up to network level. During the 1991 Operation Granby, Ptarmigan was deployed extensively throughout the operational area with extended satellite trunk links, and was heavily used by British and Allied forces. The system gained further in-service use when deployed in support of the International Peace Implementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia. Total investment in Ptarmigan by mid-1992 was approaching £1 billion. In August 1993, a £22 million contract was awarded to modify the system to allow deployment over long distances with satellite links.

Cormorant

Cormorant is the area trunk communications network that links the component headquarters of the British Joint Rapid Reaction Force. The system is manufactured by the European EADS company. Cormorant has two basic elements:
The local access component, based on an ATM switch, provides local digital voice subscriber facilities and a high speed data local area network for over twenty headquarters.
The wide area component allows the interconnection of these headquarters across a large geographical area, as well as the means to interconnect with single service and multinational systems. The system is containerised and can be operated in either vehicle mounted or dismounted mode. The underlying technology is based on open standards such as ATM and TCP/IP.
A Cormorant network can consist of the following installations:
Local area support module
Core element
Bearer module
Long-range bearer module (tropospheric scatter)
Management information systems
Interoperable gateways
Tactical fibre-optic cabling
Short range radio

FALCON

FALCON has replaced Ptarmigan with a new generation tactical trunk communications system, manufactured by BAE Systems Military Air and Information. It will deliver secure voice and data over an all Internet Protocol system across multiple security domains. The system is fielded by the Royal Signals and the Royal Air Force.

The key platforms will be the Wide Area Service Provision (WASP) nodes with up to six radio links and a series of Command Post Support (CPS) nodes which will be scaled for headquarters of differing sizes, further supported by transportable (palletised) and early entry nodes. All wheeled platforms will utilise the British Army's standard MAN HX 60 Cargo Vehicle (Light) platform.

No longer in service

BRUIN (obsolete)

Introduced in 1967, BRUIN was the Army's first area trunk network mounted in both wheeled and tracked vehicles, which connected formation headquarters and units using multi-channel UHF radios. BRUIN provided a partially secure and automatic system for the transmission of both voice and teleprinter traffic.  It was the primary trunk communications system of the British Army of the Rhine from 1967 to 1982.  During the years of the Cold War Royal Signals units in 1st British Corps trained with BRUIN, and deployed their equipment and vehicles among the woods and farms of northern West Germany, putting their skills to the test in an annual cycle of command and signal exercises.

Combat net radio
Combat net radio systems are typically used for tactical communications at section and platoon level upwards.  They are operated by soldiers from every part of the Army as well as the specialists from the Royal Corps of Signals.

In-service systems

Bowman

Bowman is the name of the tactical communications system used by the British Armed Forces. The Bowman C4I system consists of a range of HF radio, VHF radio and UHF radio sets designed to provide secure integrated voice, data services to dismounted soldiers, individual vehicles and command HQs up to Division level.

No longer in service

Larkspur (obsolete)

Larkspur was the combat net radio system used by the British Army in the 1960s and replaced by Clansman in the late 1970s.

Clansman (obsolescent)

Clansman was the combat net radio system used by the British Army from the late 1970s until its replacement by Bowman.

References

Communications and information systems
British military radio
History of telecommunications in the United Kingdom

Military equipment of the United Kingdom

British Armed Forces communications and information systems


Brian Kesinger (born June 20, 1975 in Los Angeles, California) is an American illustrator, author and animator who has worked at Walt Disney Studios for 20+ years. His works are steeped in Victorian steampunk art.

Born into a family of musicians, he was the only one not able to play an instrument. His fondness for drawing was so apparent that his parents supported his artistic training throughout his school days. He started drawing steampunk art long before the term was coined. In 2000 he did the layout and background design for Walt Disney's film Atlantis: The Lost Empire. It was during this period that he developed a fondness for drawing submarines, gears and similar gadgets. Following this he became involved with the film Treasure Planet and grew to like tall ships and sci-fi. Other films he has worked on include Winnie the Pooh, Tarzan, Tangled, Chicken Little, Home on the Range, Bolt and Meet the Robinsons.

Brian Kesinger was raised on a steady diet of Walt Disney creations by parents who felt it important for him to be exposed to art. He was accepted at the Walt Disney Animation Studios in Burbank, California, during his senior year at high school, becoming in 1996 at age 18 the youngest animator in the history of the company. He started as a layout artist on the film Tarzan and in his career with Disney Animation has filled many positions ranging from visual development to story artist. In 2011 he received the Annie Award for his story work on Disney's  Prep and Landing, with his most recent film at Disney being the Academy Award-nominated Wreck-It Ralph. In Wreck-It Ralph Kesinger's voice is used for Kano from Midway Games's Mortal Kombat franchise. Away from his office he has created fantasy steampunk worlds peopled with memorable characters under the banner of "Tea Girls", illustrations using tea-stain washes and finished in ink and watercolours, including a portrait of steampunk chanteuse Veronique Chevalier.

Two of his most popular characters are the unlikely duo of Victoria Prismall, an independent young lady, and Otto (Italian for 'eight'), her live-in octopus who is a friend, butler and pet. They have appeared in books, prints, T-shirts, and more. Kesinger has published his first illustrated book on the couple, Walking Your Octopus: A Guide to the Domesticated Cephalopod. He describes it as "a satirical look at how we all can get a little carried away with how we raise our pets. It's certainly inspired by my own dog Scout but also inspired by the ups and downs of raising two young children with my wife. My hope is that the book speaks to not only steampunk fans but pet owners and parents as well." Thirty full-page illustrations portray the couple at home and about, bathing, biking, dating, cooking, playing croquet, pumpkin carving, and other activities necessary for the spiritual well-being of an intelligent and worldly octopus.

Kesinger finds it entertaining to draw the octopus and is constantly challenged by having to find things for each tentacle to do. In that sense an octopus is a natural at multi-tasking and has enthralled a great many people. Cephalopods generally have become a theme animal for steampunk, so that Kesinger found the choice of octopus as Victoria's soulmate an easy one to make. The popularity of Otto and Victoria, though, came as a surprise, as did the fan art, tattoos and the appearance of girls cosplaying Victoria at conventions all over the country. He plans to produce a full-length film featuring Otto and Victoria's adventures, purely to satisfy his own wish for a well-rendered steampunk animated film.

Kesinger created a mashup of Kylo Ren and Darth Vader and the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes. It also stars Kylo's parents, Princess Leia and Han Solo.

References

External links

Storytelling with Brian Kesinger
Brian Kesinger on fanart
Brian Kesinger's Tea Girls
More Tea Girls
Otto and Victoria gallery
Gallery of Brian Kesinger works
Gallery
Deviant Art
 Facebook
Twitter
Tumblr

Steampunk
American illustrators
American male writers
American animators
Fictional octopuses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Living people

Brian Kesinger


West Dereham Abbey was an abbey in Norfolk, England.

St Mary's Abbey, West Dereham, was founded in 1188 by Hubert Walter, Dean of York, at his birthplace.   It was to be a daughter house of Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, for canons regular of the Premonstratensian order.
The canons were to pray for the souls of the founder and his parents, his brothers and sisters and all his relatives and friends.
It was surrounded by a moat and was to become one of  the larger religious houses in Norfolk, with up to twenty six canons in the late 13th century, and was also quite wealthy, with extensive estates.

The last recorded Bishop's visitation took place 10 August 1503.  Bishop Redman of Ely found several insufficiently taught; therefore he recalled Brother Robert Watton from the university, to be joined in office with the prior, and diligently to teach his brethren. Thomas Fychele was removed from the subpriorship for his negligence in his duty; otherwise the condition and discipline of the house were good.

Leading up to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, Thomas Cromwell's agent Sir John Prise reported in 1536: the canons were all lacking self-restraint, and were ready to confess themselves as such, longing to marry, and believing that the king had been divinely sent on earth to bring this about.  He then in 1538  petitioned Cromwell for the lands for himself.
However, following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539, the site and associated lands were granted by Henry VIII to Thomas Dereham of Crimplesham.

A house built on the site in the later 16th century was altered and extended in the 1690s by Thomas Dereham on his return from Italy, where he had been envoy to the court of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. This house was largely demolished in around 1810, the remaining part being converted to a farmhouse, the ruins of which were restored in the 1990s. The remains are Grade II* listed. Almost all the abbey buildings have been demolished, but buried foundations survive and can be seen as cropmarks on aerial photographs, as can other earthworks and fishponds.

References

Further reading
British History Online
Norfolk Heritage Explorer

Buildings and structures demolished in 1810
Monasteries in Norfolk
Premonstratensian monasteries in England
1188 establishments in England
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
1530s disestablishments in England

West Dereham Abbey


The National Review Board (full name: National Review Board for the Protection of Children and Young People) is a committee created in 2002 by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops in order to monitor the implementation of the Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People in the wake of the clerical abuse scandal in the United States.

The Board was also charged with investigating the scandal, which it did in part by commissioning the John Jay College to conduct a survey of Church records in order to define the nature and scope of the abuse committed by priests over the period between 1950 and 2002. The results of that survey were released in 2004 in what has come to be known as the "John Jay Report" or "Nature and Scope report." In parallel with the John Jay College survey the Board conducted interviews with a variety of people, both inside and outside the Church, who were well placed to comment on the scandal, and on the basis of these interviews prepared a more broad-ranging report of its own.

Whereas the John Jay College report was (as intended) primarily a factual summary of the data collected in the College's survey of Church records, the Board's own report sought to interpret these data and its other findings in order to explain why the "epidemic" of clerical abuse had occurred and to identify the appropriate steps to avoid any repetition.

See also
Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
Anne M. Burke, interim chair from 2002 to 2004
Francesco Cesareo, President of Assumption College and chair since 2013

References

External links
 National Review Board
Anne Burke Papers, DePaul University Special Collections and Archives

Christian organizations established in 2002
Catholic Church sexual abuse scandals in the United States
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
2002 establishments in the United States
DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings

National Review Board


Prem Dhawan (1923–2001) was an Indian lyricist, music composer, choreographer and actor of Bollywood known for his patriotic songs, especially for the lyrics and compositions for the 1965 Manoj Kumar starrer, Shaheed. He was a winner of the National Film Award for Best Lyrics in 1971 and was honoured by the Government of India in 1970 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.

Biography
Prem Dhawan was born on 13 June 1923 at Ambala in the present day Haryana state of India to a Jail Superintendent working for the British government. He did his college studies in Lahore during which period he was involved with the activities of the Communist party of India. He started his career in Lahore in 1946 as Assistant of Composer Khwaja Khurshid Anwar in Khwaja Ahmad Abbas's film Aaj Aur Kal. He later moved to Mumbai to join the Indian People's Theatre Association. His association with the Indian People's Theatre Association helped him to learn classical music under the renowned classical musician, Ravi Shankar. In 1946, he debuted as a lyricist with the movie, Dharti Ke Lal, the first of the several till his last film, the Hindi version of Apoorva Sagodharargal, in 1989. In between, he wrote lyrics for a string of films such as Aaram, Tarana, Aasman, Shola Aur Shabnam, Kabuliwala, Ek Phool Do Mali and Purab Aur Pachhim. He also composed music for several films like Shaheed, which was reported to have enhanced the status of Dhawan and the lead actor of the film, Manoj Kumar. The film featured some of the hits of the time in Ae Watan Ae Watan and Mera Rang De Basanti Chola.

Dhawan, apart from his career as a lyricist and composer, acted in two films, Lajawab (1950) and Goonj Uthi Shehnai (1959). He also worked as a choreographer for seven films (Vachan was the first film as choreographer and lyricist), though not with much success. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1970. He won the National Film Award for Best Lyrics in 1971 for the film, Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar. His career faded towards the eighties and did not have any notable contribution except for the 1989 dubbed movie, Apoorva Sagodharargal. He died on 7 May 2001, at the age of 77, following a cardiac arrest.

As a lyricist

 Appu Raja (1989)
 Do Dil Deewane (1980)
 Guru Manio Granth (1977)
 Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun (1976)
 Kisan Aur Bhagwan (1974)
 Purab Aur Paschim (1970)
 Geet (1970)
 Pavitra Paapi (1970)
 Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar (1970) punjabi movie
 Mera Naam Joker (1970)
 Ek Phool Do Mali (1969)
 Dus Lakh (1966)
 Shaheed (1965)
 Adhi Raat Ke Baad (1965)
 Darasingh: Ironman (1964)
 Shabnam (1964)
 Cobra Girl (1963)
 Vallah Kya Baat Hai (1962)
 Ma Beta (1962)
 Kabuliwala (1961)
 Zabak (1961)
 Tel Malish Boot Polish (1961)
 Shola Aur Shabnam (1961)
 Guest House (1959)
 Heera Moti (1959)
 Jagte Raho (1956)
 Taangewali (1955)
 Vachan (1955)
 Aasman (1952)
 Tarana (1951)
 Aaram (1950)
 Jeet (1949)

As a composer

 Raat Ke Andhere Mein (1987)
 The Naxalites (1980)
 Sawa Lakh Se Ek Ladaun (1976)
 Bhagat Dhanna Jatt (1974)
 Kisan Aur Bhagwan (1974)
 Mera Desh Mera Dharam (1973)
 Bharat Ke Shaheed (1972)
 Nanak Dukhiya Sub Sansar (1970)
 Pavitra Paapi (1970)
 Kenner (1968)
 Shaheed (1965)
 Veer Abhimanyu (1965)
 Aadhi Raat Ke Baad (1965)
 Darasingh: Ironman (1964)
 Hindustan Hamara (Documentary - 1950)
 Bharat Ke Shaheed (1972)

As a choreographer

 Waqt (1965)
 Dhool Ka Phool (1959)
 Do Phool (1958)
 Sahara (1958)
 Naya Daur (1957)
 Vachan
 Do Bigha Zamin (1953)
 Arzoo (1950)
 Sheesh Mahal (1950 film) (1950)

See also

 Music of Bollywood
 List of Bollywood films

References

External links

Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
1923 births
2001 deaths
Indian People's Theatre Association people
Male actors from Lucknow
People from Ambala
Hindi-language lyricists
Indian male songwriters
Indian songwriters
Indian choreographers
Indian male film actors
20th-century Indian musicians
Male actors from Haryana
Musicians from Haryana
Musicians from Lucknow
Best Lyrics National Film Award winners
20th-century male musicians

Prem Dhawan


is a Japanese aesthetical ideal of subdued displays of taste and/or wealth, with an emphasis on belying, on first glance, and the efforts taken to appear stylish. It is thought to have originated amongst the merchant classes of Edo (modern-day Tokyo) in Edo period Japan, subverting class through an expression of material wealth that formed an aesthetic language specifically aimed at one's peers.

Sometimes misunderstood in the West as the archetypal or stereotypical aesthetics of Japanese culture,  is instead a cornerstone of traditional Japanese aesthetic appeal and thought. Both geisha and kimono, amongst other cultural aspects, are thought to have been influenced by and developed through , and remain largely influenced by it to this day.

History
During the Edo period, a number of edicts were passed by the ruling samurai classes restricting expressions of material wealth by those officially lower in the social hierarchy as a way of preserving the status of the upper classes; this included edicts of dress preventing the lower classes from visibly appearing to be above their social class. Though dress edicts had little impact on much of the working classes, who had little access to wealth allowing them to purchase new and expensive silk kimono, the merchant classes – socially impoverished but monetarily powerful – were directly hit by these laws, as changes had, over time, led them to control much of Japan's economy.

This led to the development of  as an expression of the now-underground nature of the merchant classes' wealth; to obey the law was too safe, and to blatantly flout it too dangerous, leading to the rise of  as both a visual dogwhistle and a neo-hierarchy within a specific societal peer group.

By too flagrant a display of his affluence, a townsman ran the risk of having his wealth confiscated. A merchant's home therefore was likely to have had an unassuming exterior, yet to have been full of treasures. He might have worn a sober, plain wool kimono – with an exquisite silk lining. Opulence was channeled into subtle details.

In this way, both the samurai and lower working classes were considered devoid of , with the former having to display wealth with no subtlety as a form of social dominance, and the latter having no access to any kind of opulence, and no choice to appear as anything but impoverished.

Despite this, individual warriors considered to be upper class came to be depicted commonly as embodying , typically through ideals of a clear, stylish manner and blunt, unwavering directness, regardless of circumstance, heartbreak or individual feeling; stories of rogue warriors choosing duty () over often pained and tormented personal feelings () became popular stories in kabuki, a form of theatre popular within the merchant classes.

Geisha also came to be seen as , not just for their contrasting and subdued appearance in the face of flashier courtesans, but for their reputation as unwaveringly loyal; a popular name for the pleasure quarters, the  (), described courtesans (the beautiful but fleeting flowers) and geisha (the resilient willow, often bending in fierce weather but never snapping) as contrasting elements, with geisha embodying loyalty to their patrons. This concept came to embody geisha so entirely that rival political factions often patronised entirely different geisha quarters, with the geisha of each staying loyal to their customers. Geisha, alongside rogue warriors, also became the common subject of many kabuki plays revolving around duty versus one's own feelings.

The term  became widespread in modern intellectual circles through the book The Structure of Iki (1930) by Kuki Shūzō.

Interpretation
The term  is commonly used in both conversation and writing, having had a lasting effect on the development and continuation of Japanese aesthetics in the modern day, despite not necessarily being considered exclusive of other categories of Japanese aesthetic concepts and ideals, such as .

 is considered to be an expression of carefully calculated simplicity, the ideal being that a mundane appearance would be considered  in the context of the viewer's understanding of the effort undertaken to achieve the result.  also encompasses ideals of spontaneity and originality, with it being considered stylish to appear spontaneous and carefree, even if the efforts undertaken to appear as such happen to be considerably involved; a lack of self-consciousness, and being considered naturally, casually chic are core concepts of being considered . Though the nature of  may be considered the antithesis of other Japanese aesthetics such as kawaii, at times,  may exhibit traits of other aesthetics in a direct and unabashed manner.

 is not used to describe natural phenomena, but may be expressed in an appreciation of natural beauty, or of nature of human beings. The writings of author Murakami Haruki (born 1949) are considered to be  through their clear and unflinching writing style. In contrast, author Kawabata Yasunari (1899–1972) is considered, through his more poetic style focusing on the interior "complex" of his characters, to be more closely aligned with the aesthetic ideal of , displaying that the concept of  is strongly tied to stylistic tendencies.

The indefinite ideal of  can be said to reference a highly cultivated (but not necessarily solemn) sensibility, or a refined understanding of a particular matter.   is used, for example, in knowing how to properly appreciate (eat) Japanese cuisines (sushi, tempura, soba etc.), or in judging the quality of wine.   can be transferred from person to person in form of "tips." As  is more focused in knowledge, it may be considered superficial from an  point of view, since  cannot be easily attained by learning.

 and  are considered synonymous in some situations, but  exclusively refers to persons, while  can also refer to situations/objects. In both ideals, the property of refinement is not academic in nature.  sometimes involves excessive obsession and cultural (but not academic) pedantry, and in this case, it differs from , which will not be obsessive.

Overall, the  sensibility resists being construed within the context of overly specific rules about what could be considered as vulgar or uncouth.

is the antonym of . , literally "non-", is synonymous to .

In the Kamigata or Kansai area, the ideal of  is prevalent.  is also represented by the kanji . The sense of  is similar to  but not identical, reflecting various regional differences. The contexts of their usages are also different.

See also

References

Further reading
 Gallagher, John. (2003). Geisha: A Unique World of Tradition, Elegance, and Art. New York: Sterling Publishing.
 Heidegger, Martin. (1982). "A Dialogue on Language: between a Japanese and an Inquirer." On The Way to Language. San Francisco: Harper & Row.  (paper)
 Nara, Hiroshi. (2004). The Structure of Detachment: the Aesthetic Vision of Kuki Shūzō with a translation of "Iki no kōzō." Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ; ;  OCLC 644791079
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 58053128
 Pincus, Leslie. (1996). Authenticating Culture in Imperial Japan: Kuki Shūzō and the Rise of National Aesthetics. Berkeley: University of California Press.  (paper)
 Seigle, Cecila Segawa. (1993). Yoshiwara: The Glittering World of the Japanese Courtesan. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.  (paper)
 Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. (1997) 'Iki, Style, Trace: Shuzo Kuki and the Spirit of Hermeneutics' in Philosophy East and West Vol. 47, Nr. 4, October 1997, p. 554-580.

External links
  "An Aesthetics of Everyday Life: Modernism and a Japanese popular aesthetic ideal, Iki"—A modern approach towards
  九鬼周造『「いき」の構造』—A classic theory of

Concepts in aesthetics
Japanese aesthetics
Words and phrases with no direct English translation
Japanese words and phrases

Iki (aesthetics)


Bleun-Brug (Flower of the Heather) is a Catholic association that is oriented towards Breton nationalism.

Origins
The group was created in 1905 by abbé Jean-Marie Perrot, with a name devised at the 1905 conference of the Union Régionaliste Bretonne at Château de Kerjean. The heather symbolizes Breton tenacity. The association had the motto: Ar brezhoneg hag ar feiz a zo breur ha c'hoar e Breizh. ("Breton and faith are brother and sister in Brittany.")

The association fights to preserve Breton faith, language, and traditions. To accomplish this, it holds an annual party featuring Breton theatre, song, and lectures.

Magazine
The magazine Feiz ha Breiz, which first existed from 1865 to 1884, was restarted by Bleun-Brug in 1899, eventually becoming the official mouthpiece of the association.

Post-War
Bleun-Brug was guided mainly by abbot Perrot over a period of forty years, with the goal of maintaining Breton traditions and the usage of the Breton language amongst the rural populations of Lower Brittany. It was a true Catholic movement, subject to the bishopric of Quimper. The statutes of the association, established in 1912, were amended in 1925 to define its two objectives:

To promote the Breton ideal intellectually, politically, and economically.
To contribute, as Catholics, to realising in Brittany the full scope of its traditional faith.

References

Organizations established in 1905
Breton nationalism
Catholic Church in France
1905 establishments in France

Bleun-Brug


A windmill ship, wind energy conversion system ship or wind energy harvester ship propels itself by use of a wind turbine to drive a propeller.

They use wind power through a mechanical or electrical transmission to the propeller. Where transmission is electric, storage batteries may also be used to allow power generated at one time to be used for propulsion later on.

Windmill ships should not be confused with rotor ships, which instead rely on the Magnus effect for propulsion.

Points of sail

Equipped with a wind conversion device that can rotate 360° no matter in which direction the ship is heading, a windmill ship can sail in any direction.

 It can move directly upwind, a point of sailing unachievable by other sailing craft. Here a wind turbine powers a water propeller. Because the power produced depends on the apparent wind strength, a large amount of power is transmitted to the propeller. In order to operate efficiently in the typically slow speed through the water, the propeller must be large enough to generate more upwind thrust than the combined downwind force of the wind turbine and the air and water resistances of the ship structure itself.

 With the wind from the side, i.e. on a reach, the wind turbine's thrust pushes the ship sideways, which should therefor have a lateral surface such as a keel in order to reduce leeway. Thus equipped the wind turbine can be also be used in an autogyro mode. That is, no rotary power is transmitted and the wind turbine acts in the same manner as a static sail and the ships's speed could exceed wind speed in the same way as with many other sailing craft.

 Sailing downwind, the apparent wind decreases the more the ship speeds up and at exactly the true wind speed, would drop to zero, so that the wind turbine can generate no power and also no thrust if used in the autogyro mode. Therefor windmill ships are limited to less than wind speed when travelling directly downwind, as with other sailing craft. Theoretically the wind turbine could be used instead as an air propeller and the water propeller as a water turbine. The direction of power is then reversed and such a windmill ship could accelerate through the region of zero apparent wind and exceed the wind speed directly downwind. As this requires both the air and water devices to be constructed differently than usual and extremely low water resistance from the hull, this has not been achieved so far with ships, but has been achieved with land yachts. These travel on wheels which offer very little resistance at high speeds compared to that of even the best hulls through water.

Types
Several types can be made; these include wind-turbine-only ships as well as hybrid ships which store wind power from the turbine when the ship does not need to be propelled. To reduce the energy required to propel the boat, windmill ships are often equipped with low-friction hull designs, such as multihulls, or they are hydrofoils. Boats without low-friction hulls or hydrofoils can be equipped with wind turbines, but often the force generated by the turbines alone is not sufficient to propel the craft. In this case, the turbines only provide supplemental force to conventional sails or other propulsion systems.

At present, research is ongoing and the best types of bladed rotors still need to be determined. For example, high horizontal axis windmills are proven to make the ship less stable. Therefore, vertical axis wind mills (e.g., Savonius turbines) are sometimes preferred. Also, the wind mill needs to be highly durable as marine environments tend to degrade windmills more quickly than what is common on land.

Current ships
Few windmill ships have been built to date; these include:
 Jim Bates' Te whaka
 Lindsay Olen's Thrippence
 Peter Worsley's windmill-driven boat http://www.sailwings.net/rotaryhome.html
 Jim Wilkinson's Revelation 2
 Blackbird (wind-powered vehicle)

The film Waterworld starring Kevin Costner featured a trimaran powered by a vertical-axis Darrieus wind turbine.

References

Marine propulsion
Wind-powered vehicles
Boat types

Windmill ship


Al Juhnke (born November 1958) Currently lives in Lincoln, Nebraska and serves as the Executive Director of the Nebraska Pork Producers Association (January 2016 – present). Prior to this, he worked 5-years for the U.S. Senate on Minnesota Senator Al Franken's staff. He was Franken's state advisor for Agriculture, Energy and Environment (March 2011 - January 2016).

Juhnke was a Minnesota politician and a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives who represented District 13B, which includes portions of Kandiyohi County in the west central part of the state. A Democrat, he was first elected in 1996, and was re-elected to six consecutive terms. He was unseated by Republican Bruce Vogel in the 2010 general election. Prior to the 2002 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 15A.

Juhnke most recently served on the House Bonding, Environment Policy, Finance, and Rules committees, on the Commerce and Labor Subcommittee for the Telecommunications Regulation and Infrastructure Division, and was Chair of the Agriculture, Rural Economies and Veterans Affairs Finance Committee. He was an assistant minority leader from 2001 to 2004, and also served as speaker pro tempore.

Juhnke's legislative accomplishments include being named Politics In Minnesota's "First Termer of the Year in the Minnesota House" in 1997, serving as co-chair of the Council of State Governments-Midwest Legislative Conference (CSG-MLC) Agriculture & Natural Resources Committee, and serving as co-chair of the Minnesota NextGen Energy Board.  He also serves on the board of directors of the Minnesota Chicano Latino Affairs Council.

Juhnke was recognized for his passion on agricultural and rural issues. He authored major bio-fuel legislation, making Minnesota the first state in the nation to mandate both a 10 and 20 percent bio-diesel content in their fuels. He helped establish the Agriculture Fertilizer Research and Education Council (AFREC), a farmer-led program to advance soil fertility research, technology development, and education. He was proud of his ability to work with legislators from both sides of the aisle, joining together in support of Minnesota agricultural issues.

His daughter is Shannon Juhnke, renowned for being captain of the MN state champion dog bowl team 4 years running in her youth.

References

External links

 Rep. Juhnke Web Page
 Rep. Juhnke Campaign Web Site

Living people
1958 births
People from Willmar, Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
American Lutherans
21st-century American politicians
People from Wells, Minnesota

Al Juhnke


A feather stick (sometimes referred to as a fuzz stick) is a length of wood which has been shaved to produce a cluster of thin curls protruding from the wood. It allows damp wood to be used to start a fire when dry tinder is hard to find.

It is believed to be a traditional method of fire starting, using basic tools and methods.

Use
Feather sticks are made from dead "standing" wood, such as a branch that has broken from a tree and died, but has not yet fallen to the ground. The bark and the outer layer of wood are removed to reveal the drier heartwood. This is then shaved, with axe or knife, to produce as many curls as possible.

While the flakes can be fairly coarse, the finer they are shaved the more easily they ignite.

Feather sticks can be used with char cloth, where a small piece of the cloth is wound around the curls and a spark is struck on to it, using either the traditional flint and steel or a modern ferrocerium striker. This is then blown onto until the curls catch fire: the whole feather stick is then placed into the waiting kindling to start the campfire.

References

External links
 Feather sticks Website showing feather sticks in use.

Firelighting materials

Feather stick


Sint-Martens-Latem is a municipality locatit in the Flemish province o East Flanders, in Belgium. The municipality comprises the touns o Deurle an Sint-Martens-Latem proper. On Januar 1, 2006 Sint-Martens-Latem haed a total population o 8,280. The total aurie is 14.34 km² which gives a population density o 577 inhabitants per km².

While "Latem" used tae be kent as an airtists' colony beafore Warld War II, nowuadays Sint-Martens-Latem is ane o the maist residential municipalities in Belgium.

Famous inhabitants
George Minne, sculptor an airtist
Edgar Gevaert, painter
Gustave De Smet, painter
Constant Permeke, painter
Gustave Van de Woestijne, painter
Luc-Peter Crombé, painter
Rudolf Werthen, violinist & conductor

Freemit airtins
Offeecial wabsteid - anerlie available in Dutch

Municipalities o East Flanders

Sint-Martens-Latem


Anne Dickins,  (born 20 February 1967) is a British paracanoeist who competes in the KL3 classification. She won gold in this event at the 2016 Summer Paralympics, and has also won two World Championship and three European Championship golds.

Background
Dickins was born in Glasgow, Scotland and lives in Oxted, Surrey. She is a physiotherapist by profession. She competed as an endurance mountain biker until she ruptured a disc in her back in 2011, which led to her developing cauda equina syndrome resulting in permanent nerve damage in her right leg.

Dickins was a volunteer Games Maker at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she met Colin Radmore, a canoeing coach who invited her to try out for the Great Britain paracanoeing team. She had to overcome seasickness when she took up the sport, and underwent a desensitisation programme similar to those used by fighter pilots.

Career
In her first year of competition, Dickins won gold at the 2013 European Championships and silver at the World Championships in the K-1 200m LTA class. In 2014 she successfully defended her European Championship title and won her first World Championship gold. In 2015 she won a third successive European Championship title and won the silver medal in the World Championships, competing in the K-1 200m KL3 class. At the 2016 World Championships she won gold in the K-1 200m KL3 class.

Dickins won gold in the KL3 class at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, the first Paralympics to feature canoeing events, beating Amanda Reynolds by a margin of 0.03 seconds.

Dickins was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to canoeing.

Notes

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Paralympic canoeists for Great Britain
Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Great Britain
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Glasgow
People from Oxted
British physiotherapists
Members of the Order of the British Empire
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in paracanoe
Paralympic medalists in paracanoe

Anne Dickins


"Remorse for Intemperate Speech" is a poem written by Irish poet William Butler Yeats. It appeared in his 1933 volume of poems The Winding Stair and Other Poems. Yeats wrote this poem in August 1931. The contents speaks about the fanatic feelings and the capacity for hatred a person can feel in the dark part of the heart.

The poem, written in three stanzas with an AABAB rhyme scheme, is a lament on the anger and hatred that the Irish cannot ever really let go of; an inheritance of injustice and righteous resistance carried on for so long that it continues to tear at generation after generation.

Spectres of bloody battles past make it almost impossible for the Irish to set aside their uncontrollable anger and fanaticism buried deep in the culture. A fanaticism, at times, more damning than the original plundering English oppression, very nearly creating a permanent impediment to making peace with themselves or with their past.

1931 poems
Poetry by W. B. Yeats

Remorse for Intemperate Speech


Mario Beretta (born 30 October 1959 in Milan) is an Italian association football manager and former football player. He most recently served as head coach of Serie B club Latina.

Career

Playing career
Beretta had a short career as footballer, playing only in the season 1976-77 for Pro Sesto and in that 1978-79 for Rovellasca in Serie D.

Coaching career
In 1982, aged 23, he became a coach for amateur team Abbiategrasso'''s youth squad, and 1984 for Monza's. He was also a successful School Teacher in the mid eighties for Istituto Gonzaga and Istituto Leopardi in Milan. His first team role came in 1994 for amateur side Corsico, whereas his first professional appearance came the next year for Pro Patria, followed by Saronno, Como and Lumezzane.

After three successful seasons with Varese of Serie C1, Beretta was signed by Ternana of Serie B. An exciting debut in 2002–03 was followed by a sacking the next season. In 2004–05, Serie A club Chievo Verona called him to replace Luigi Delneri. Despite a strong starting, Beretta's Chievo slowly but continuously fell down the table, and he was fired three matchdays to the end of the season, with Chievo fully involved in a tough relegation battle, to be replaced by caretaker Maurizio D'Angelo.

In 2005–06 he coached successfully Parma, ending in tenth place, then turned out to be seventh following the 2006 Serie A scandal which consequently led Parma to a UEFA Cup qualifying. Then he coached Siena for the 2006–07 season, but he suffered in the relegation fight until the last matchday. Siena kept its place in Serie A after a dramatic win over S.S. Lazio. Some days later he agreed to leave the club, being replaced by Andrea Mandorlini; however he was reappointed at the helm of the Tuscan side after Mandorlini was sacked on 12 November 2007 following a 2–3 home loss to Livorno.

On 18 May 2008, after Siena's 2–2 draw against Palermo in the final matchday, Beretta said in his press conference that he was quitting Siena. This was confirmed by the club a few days later; he left Siena after a very impressive season ended with a record 44 points, the best result in Robur's time in the Italian top flight. He was successively announced on 23 June as new head coach of Lecce, newly promoted in the 2008–09 Serie A. He was sacked on 9 March after a 0–0 home draw against bottom-placed Reggina in the Week 27 of Serie A that left Lecce in second-last place.

On 29 November 2009, Beretta agreed to replace Stefano Colantuono at the helm of Serie B outfit Torino F.C. and in January 2010 Torino have fired the coach, who was replaced by his predecessor Stefano Colantuono.

In June 2010, Beretta signed a two-year contract with Greek side Paok Salonicco, with this being his first experience outside his homeland. However, on 22 July 2010, just a month after his appointment at the helm of the squad, Paok chairman Thodoris Zagorakis decided to sack him due to poor pre-season results and rumoured complaints from some players. Mario Beretta was immediately replaced by Pavlos Dermitzakis.

On 6 December 2010 Beretta was announced as new head coach of Serie A relegation-threatened Lombardians Brescia, replacing Giuseppe Iachini at the helm of the Rondinelle''. His tenure as Brescia boss lasted less than two months, as he was dismissed on 30 January 2011 after a 0–3 home loss to relegation-battling rivals Chievo.

Since 21 February 2012 to the end of the season he has been the coach of Cesena in Serie A. He successively served as head coach of financially stricken Serie B club Siena, narrowly missing, in the last minutes of the season, despite 8 points of penalization, on a promotion playoff spot only to oversee the club being excluded from professional football for good by the end of the season.

After Siena, he agreed upon a contract with Latina of Serie B in July 2014, only to mutually end his deal just in October due to what the club considered poor results (7 pts in 7 matches).

References

1959 births
Living people
Footballers from Milan
Parma Calcio 1913 managers
Ternana Calcio managers
AC ChievoVerona managers
ACR Siena 1904 managers
US Lecce managers
Torino FC managers
PAOK FC managers
Brescia Calcio managers
Serie A managers
Italian football managers
Pro Sesto 1913 players
AC Cesena managers
People from Brianza
Men's association football midfielders
Italian men's footballers

Mario Beretta


Adolf Uzarski (April 14, 1885 – July 14, 1970) was a German writer, artist, and illustrator associated with the New Objectivity movement.

He was born in Ruhrort bei Duisburg and studied at the Cologne School of Architecture before enrolling in 1906 at the Düsseldorf School of Arts and Crafts. Initially, Uzarski's work was in the tradition of Art Nouveau. He exhibited in Berlin and Hagen in the years before World War I, and also became a successful commercial artist. During the war, his work began displaying elements of Expressionism. While directing the advertising department of the Tietz department store, in 1916–17 he produced the portfolio of lithographs, Totentanz ("Danse Macabre"). Beginning in 1919 he exhibited with "Das Junge Rheinland" (Young Rhineland), of which he was a founding member. This stylistically diverse group, which also included Arthur Kaufmann and Herbert Eulenberg, was united only by their rejection of academic art.

Active as a visual artist and also as a writer of poetry and fiction, Uzarski illustrated his own books and those of others. During the Weimar years he was one of the artists championed by the Düsseldorf art dealer Johanna Ey, until a rift between them in 1923, after which Uzarski left the "Young Rhineland" group to form the "Rheingruppe" (Rhine group), with whom he exhibited from 1925 to 1930.

His art was caricatural in style and sharply satirical of bourgeois society. In 1942, condemned as a degenerate artist by the Nazis, he was forbidden to paint, and went into hiding in Robertville, Belgium. At the end of World War II, Uzarski returned to Düsseldorf and continued his career. He was the subject of a retrospective exhibition at the Berlin Academy of Arts in 1967.

Uzarski died in Düsseldorf in 1970.

A portrait of Uzarski by Otto Dix is in the Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf.

Books written by Uzarski
Möppi, Munich, 1921
Die spanische Reise, Munich, 1921
Chamäleon. Ein Heldenbuch., Munich, 1922
Die Reise nach Deutschland., Potsdam, 1924
Tun-Kwang-pipi, Potsdam, 1924
Herr Knobloch, Munich, 1926
Kurukallawalla, Munich, 1927
Der Fall Uzarski, Munich, 1928
Das Hotel Zum Paradies, Munich, 1929
Beinahe Weltmeister, Munich, 1930
Panoptikum, Berlin, 1955
Lager-Schaden, Berlin, 1985

Notes

References
Michalski, Sergiusz (1994). New Objectivity. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen.

1885 births
1970 deaths
German artists
Artists from the Rhine Province
Writers from the Rhine Province
German male writers

Adolf Uzarski


Dryococelus australis, commonly known as the Lord Howe Island stick insect or tree lobster, is a species of stick insect that lives on the Lord Howe Island Group. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Dryococelus.  Thought to be extinct by 1920, it was rediscovered in 2001.  It is extirpated in its largest former habitat, Lord Howe Island, and has been called "the rarest insect in the world", as the rediscovered population consisted of 24 individuals living on the small islet of Ball's Pyramid.

Anatomy and behaviour

Adult Lord Howe Island stick insects can measure up to  in length and weigh , with males 25% smaller than females. They are oblong in shape and have sturdy legs. Males have thicker thighs than females. Unlike most phasmida, the insects have no wings.

The behaviour of this stick insect is highly unusual for an insect species, in that the males and females form a bond in some pairs. The females lay eggs while hanging from branches. Hatching can happen up to nine months later. The nymphs are first bright green and active during the day, but as they mature, they turn black and become nocturnal.

Reproduction can happen without the presence of males (parthenogenesis) and this quality has allowed the species to survive when they are low in numbers.

History and conservation
The stick insects were once very common on Lord Howe Island, where they were used as bait in fishing. They were believed to have become extinct soon after the supply ship  ran aground on the island in 1918, allowing black rats to become established. After 1920, no stick insects could be found. However, in 1964, a team of climbers visiting Ball's Pyramid, a rocky sea stack  south-east of Lord Howe Island, discovered a dead Lord Howe Island stick insect. During subsequent years, climbers found a few more fresh carcasses, but expeditions to find live specimens were unsuccessful.

In 2001, Australian scientists David Priddel and Nicholas Carlile hypothesised that there was sufficient vegetation on the islet to support a population of the insects, and, with two assistants, travelled there to investigate further. They scaled 120 metres of grassy, low-angled slope, but found only crickets. On their descent, the team discovered large insect droppings under a single Melaleuca shrub growing in a crevice approximately 100 metres above the shoreline. They deduced that they would need to return after dark, when the insects are active, to have the best chance of finding living specimens. Carlile returned with local ranger Dean Hiscox and, with a camera and flashlights, scrambled back up the slopes. They discovered a small population of 24 insects living beneath the Melaleuca shrub amongst a substantial build-up of plant debris.

In 2003, a research team from New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service returned to Ball's Pyramid and collected two breeding pairs, one destined for a private breeder in Sydney and the other sent to the Melbourne Zoo. After initial difficulties, the insects were successfully bred in captivity in Melbourne. The ultimate goal was to produce a large population for reintroduction to Lord Howe Island, providing that a project to eradicate the invasive rats was successful. In 2006, the captive population of insects numbered about 50 individuals, with thousands of eggs still to hatch. In 2008, when Jane Goodall visited the zoo, the population had grown to 11,376 eggs and 700 individuals, 20 of which were soon after returned to a special habitat on Lord Howe Island. , the Melbourne Zoo had reportedly bred over 9,000 of the insects, including 1,000 adult insects, plus 20,000 eggs.

In 2014, an unauthorised climbing team sighted live stick insects near the summit of Ball's Pyramid, in a thicket of sedge plants rooted in very thin soils at an altitude of 500 metres, suggesting that the insect's range on the island is more widespread than previously thought, and that its food preferences are not limited to Melaleuca howeana.

By the beginning of 2016, Melbourne Zoo had hatched 13,000 eggs, and had also sent eggs to the Bristol Zoo in England, the San Diego Zoo in the United States, and the Toronto Zoo in Canada, to establish distinct insurance populations.

A 2017 study comparing DNA sequences of phasmids originating from Ball's Pyramid with those from museum specimens from Lord Howe Island showed that the Ball's Pyramid sequences differ from those of Lord Howe Island by a degree comparable to variation within the museum specimens, despite some morphological differences between the two groups. This confirms that the two populations represent the same species. The genome was found to be very large in size (over 4 Gb) and is probably hexaploid.

In 2018 it was announced that the CEO of the Lord Howe Island Board had approved a plan to exterminate the black rat population on Lord Howe Island and reintroduce D. australis.

See also
Giant weta
Lazarus taxon
Threatened fauna of Australia

References

External links

Sticky, a short film on the rediscovery of the Lord Howe Island Stick Insect
Video of Stick insect hatching
The Lord Howe Island Phasmid: an extinct species reborn by David Priddel, at the Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife
Sticks and stones article, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 October 2003 (with picture)
Giant stick insect rediscovered, science news 14 February 2001 at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation

Phylogenetic study on Dryococelus australis

Critically endangered insects
Insects of Lord Howe Island
Insects described in 1855
Phasmatodea
Insects of Australia

Dryococelus australis


V/H/S/2 (originally titled S-VHS) is a 2013 found footage horror anthology film produced by Bloody Disgusting and Roxanne Benjamin. The second installment in the V/H/S franchise, it comprises four found footage segments linked together by a fifth frame narrative. V/H/S/2 features a largely different group of directors: Jason Eisener, Gareth Evans, Timo Tjahjanto, Eduardo Sánchez, and Gregg Hale, and franchise returnees Simon Barrett and Adam Wingard.

Plot
The film is presented as an anthology of short horror films, built into a frame narrative which acts as its own short horror film. Each short film is linked together with the concept of found footage (each segment is from the VHS tapes found in the first film).

Tape 49/frame narrative (Prologue)

 Directed and written by Simon Barrett

A college student's mother requests that private investigators Larry and his girlfriend Ayesha look into the disappearance of her son Kyle. After breaking into Kyle's dorm, they discover a large stack of VHS tapes and a laptop that contains footage from tape 56. After clicking off the video Ayesha discovers the laptop is still recording. On this laptop recording, Kyle discusses the VHS tapes, and Larry tells Ayesha to watch the tapes while he inspects the house. As Ayesha watches the first tape, a figure peers from the shadows.

Phase I Clinical Trials

 Directed by Adam Wingard
 Written by Simon Barrett

In a doctor's office, Herman Middleton is fitted with an ocular implant to replace his right eye, damaged in a car accident. The doctor informs Herman that he may experience some "glitches" as the implant is still in its experimental stage. As he leaves the clinic, Herman notices a young woman staring at him intently. Returning home, Herman plays video games, then goes to make a cup of tea. He returns from the kitchen to find his game controller far from where he left it, and his teakettle then suddenly crashes to the ground. Later, Herman sees what appears to be the outline of a figure lying under the sheets on his bed, but when he pulls back the sheets, the bed is empty, but when he looks up, he comes face to face with a bleeding, seemingly undead man, and flees to the bathroom. After phoning his doctor to demand he addresses the problem, Herman emerges from the bathroom and encounters the man again, this time with a young girl who also appears to be dead. Herman runs back to the bathroom and endures a night of banging on the door from the other side. He ends up sleeping in the bathtub overnight.

The next day, the woman from the hospital, named Clarissa, comes to his house, saying she is experiencing a similar situation. Clarissa explains that she was born deaf and had a cochlear implant installed in her ear, giving her the ability to hear new frequencies, including those of ghosts. Herman suggests removing the implant, but Clarissa says that doing so will only keep Herman from seeing the ghosts, not getting rid of them. As Clarissa claims that the ghosts will get stronger and more dangerous the longer one pays attention to them, an overweight, bloodied man in his underwear appears behind her. Herman alerts her to his presence, but Clarissa says she already knows he is there and that he is her uncle, who according to her "wasn't a nice person". Clarissa initiates sex with Herman to divert his attention away from the ghosts.

Sometime later, Herman awakens and sees Clarissa sleeping on the couch. He finds the young girl in his bed and flees, before witnessing Clarissa being dragged into the pool by an unseen entity. Despite Herman's best efforts to save her, Clarissa drowns. Running back through the house in an attempt to escape the ghosts, Herman locks himself in his bathroom again and uses a straight razor to cut out the implant. The ghosts of Clarissa and her uncle appear in the bathroom as Herman tries to escape, but he unwittingly runs directly into the ghosts of the young girl and the man, who strangles him. The man grabs the implant, still attached to the razor, and shoves it deep into Herman's throat, killing him.

Tape 49 (Interlude 1)

Back in the frame story, Ayesha calls Larry into the room, where they discuss the tapes' legitimacy. Larry tells Ayesha to continue viewing the tapes. She continues playing Kyle's video, where he explains that the tapes must be watched in a proper sequence "to affect you." Ayesha finds a new tape and proceeds to watch it.

A Ride in the Park

 Directed by Eduardo Sánchez and Gregg Hale
 Written by Jamie Nash

After answering a call from his girlfriend Amy, cyclist Mike affixes a camera to his helmet and goes on a bike ride through the woods of a state park. He abruptly comes across a terrified, blood-covered woman, who begs him to help her boyfriend, before she begins vomiting blood. Mike sees several zombies approaching them before the woman suddenly turns into a zombie herself and bites Mike on the throat. After he manages to kill the woman, Mike staggers through the woods, heavily bleeding, before he too vomits blood, collapses, and apparently dies.

A pair of bikers, a man and a woman, come across him and attempt to call for help, but Mike reanimates, attacks, and kills the man before attacking and biting the woman before she runs off into the woods. He begins devouring the man as the woman returns, having become a zombie as well. She joins Mike in devouring the man before he too reanimates. Hearing noise in the distance, the three zombies head towards it, and find that the source is a young girl's birthday party. The zombified trio invade the party, killing several people, some of whom reanimate to attack others. While trying to attack a man and his three daughters in their car, Mike notices his bloodied reflection in their car window, which seems to subdue his aggressive behavior. After getting run down by a fleeing truck, he accidentally pocket dials Amy. Mike is shocked back to a semi-conscious state upon hearing her voice. Regaining some of his humanity, Mike kills himself with a discarded shotgun.

Tape 49 (Interlude 2)

Back in the frame story, Larry re-enters the room and finds Ayesha staring at the TVs in a hypnotized state with her nose bleeding. After being woken from her trance, Ayesha says she has a migraine. Larry leaves to find medicine as a seemingly entranced Ayesha proceeds to insert another tape into the VCR. As she watches, the figure from earlier crawls out from the shadows and watches her.

Safe Haven

 Directed by Timo Tjahjanto and Gareth Evans
 Story by Timo Tjahjanto; Screenplay by Tjahjanto & Gareth Evans

A film crew, composed of interviewer Malik, producer Lena (also Malik's fiancée), Malik's best friend Adam, and cameraman Joni, infiltrate a cult in Indonesia known as Paradise Gates in hopes of shooting a documentary about their mysterious activities with numerous cameras, both displayed and hidden. The film crew are invited inside the cult's compound by a woman known as "Madame". Inside, they find the walls adorned with bizarre symbols, schoolchildren in classrooms, and women dressed in white garments. The crew meets with and interviews the leader of the cult, a man referred to as "Father". During the interview, Lena becomes ill and steps out. While searching for a spare camera battery, Malik overhears a private conversation between Lena and Adam in which Lena reveals that she is pregnant with Adam's child. In the basement, Adam finds a woman with her womb carved out and strapped to a chair. The woman awakens and begins screaming and convulsing, causing him to run away.

While Father is being interviewed, a bell chimes, and he suddenly announces the "time of reckoning" over the intercom. The cultists begin a mass suicide via poison and gunshots, while Joni has his throat cut by Father after repeatedly interrupting the announcement. Lena is abducted by several women in surgical apparel, and Malik is shot dead by one of the cult members. As Adam attempts to rescue Lena, an explosion knocks him back. After watching a figure crawl across the ceiling, he stands and attempts to advance into the fiery room, only to be intercepted by Father, covered in blood with the cult's symbol inscribed on him, who tells him the time has come, then proceeds to explode into a cloud of blood and organs. Adam finds Lena on an altar with the cult's symbol carved into her skin. He kills Madame but is unable to save Lena, watching as the demon the cult worships (which resembles Baphomet) tears its way out of her body. As Adam attempts to flee, he is attacked by cultists and schoolchildren, including Joni and Malik, who have all risen from the dead and turned into zombie-like ghouls. Adam escapes outside to his car and drives off, only to be rammed by the demon and gravely injured. As he crawls out of the car's wreckage, the demon looks down on Adam before calling him "papa". The revelation that the demon is, in fact, his child drives Adam insane. He is last seen laughing hysterically before the camera malfunctions and cuts out.

Tape 49 (Interlude 3)

Back in the frame story, Larry returns to the room with medicine, only to discover Ayesha is dead, having killed herself with a gun. A VHS tape with the word "WATCH" written on it in lipstick lies beside her. Larry picks up the tape, inserts it into the VCR, and anxiously watches it.

Slumber Party Alien Abduction

 Directed by Jason Eisener
 Written by John Davies & Jason Eisener

Brothers Gary and Randy attach a camera to their dog, Tank, to film videos at their lakeside house. Their parents leave on a romantic getaway after giving them a list of chores. Gary and Randy invite their friends Shawn and Danny over so the group can harass the brothers' older sister, Jen, her boyfriend Zack, and her friends. While the group is swimming at a nearby lake, ambushing Jen and her friends with squirt guns filled with urine, they fail to notice a grey alien hiding beneath the water and reaching out to them.

Later that night, the group startles Jen and Zack during sex by blaring loud music and flashing lights. A deafening noise is heard, but the group does not notice. In retaliation, Jen and Zack attach another camera to Tank to catch one of the boys masturbating to a pornographic film. The deafening noise is heard again and the power goes out. Seeing a figure outside the door, Zack goes to grab Gary and Randy's father's gun. Suddenly, Zack is grabbed by the alien from earlier, along with others of its kind. The aliens abduct the rest of the group, sealing them in their sleeping bags and attempting to drown them in the lake.

Only Gary, Randy, Jen, and Tank escape, running into the woods to hide. After Tank inadvertently alerts the aliens to their location by barking, the kids run toward what they believe to be police lights and sirens, but it turns out to be a trap set by the aliens, who abduct Randy. Jen and Gary flee to a nearby barn, where the aliens drag Jen away as Gary and Tank escape up a ladder. As the aliens close in on Gary, he is suddenly pulled into the air by the alien ship's tractor beam. As Gary is pulled into the air, he is unable to hold on to Tank's leash, and Tank falls to the ground, the impact loosening the camera from his back which comes to face him. Mortally injured by the fall and unable to move, Tank whimpers as he and the camera both slowly die.

Tape 49 (Epilogue)
After watching the tape, Larry watches the webcam footage and sees Kyle explain that he and his mother want to make their own tape. Kyle then attempts suicide on-camera by shooting himself through his jaw, but survives with his lower jaw shattered, and runs off moments before Larry and Ayesha enter the house. As Larry watches it, an undead Ayesha suddenly rises and attacks him. In self-defense, Larry breaks her neck and rushes into the other room as Ayesha rises and chases after him on all fours. Larry hides in a closet and shoots Ayesha in the face when she finds him. Hearing a strange gurgling sound, he explores the closet, only to find Kyle has been hiding there the whole time. Kyle lunges at Larry and strangles him to death. Afterward, Kyle gives the camera a "thumbs up", revealing that he and his mother's plan has been successful, before turning off the camera.

Cast and crew

Tape 49
Directed and written by Simon Barrett
 Lawrence Michael Levine as Larry
 Kelsy Abbott as Ayesha
 L.C. Holt as Kyle
 Simon Barrett as Steve
 Mindy Robinson as Tabitha

Phase I Clinical Trials
Directed by Adam Wingard and written by Simon Barrett
 Adam Wingard as Herman
 Hannah Hughes as Clarissa
 John T. Woods as Dr. Fleischer
 Corrie Lynn Fitzpatrick as Young Girl
 Brian Udovich as Bloody Man
 John Karyus as Uncle
 Casey Adams as Justin

A Ride in the Park
Directed by Eduardo Sánchez and Gregg Hale and written by Jamie Nash
 Jay Saunders as Biker
 Bette Cassatt as Screaming Girl
 Dave Coyne as Good Samaritan Guy
 Wendy Donigian as Good Samaritan Girl
 Devon Brookshire as Biker's Girlfriend

Safe Haven
Directed by Timo Tjahjanto and Gareth Evans; story by Timo Tjahjanto; screenplay by Tjahjanto & Gareth Evans
 Fachri Albar as Adam
 Hannah Al Rashid as Lena
 Oka Antara as Malik
 Andrew Suleiman as Joni
 Epy Kusnandar as Father
 R.R. Pinurti as Ibu Sri

Slumber Party Alien Abduction
Directed by Jason Eisener and written by John Davies & Jason Eisener
 Rylan Logan as Gary
 Samantha Gracie as Jen
 Cohen King as Randy
 Zach Ford as Shawn
 Josh Ingraham as Danny
 Jeremie Saunders as Zack
 Frank Welker as Tank and Aliens

Production and release

For Herman, originally the part had been written with James Rolfe in mind, but had to decline due to working on The Angry Video Game Nerd Movie). The film was rushed into production in late 2012, and premiered January 19, 2013 at Park City's Library Center Theatre as part of the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, much like its predecessor.

The film was released via VOD on June 6, and theatrically on July 12. Dance punk band The Death Set recorded a song, "6 Different Ways To Die", for the film's credits.

Reception

Borys Kit of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "The scares are as hit-or-miss as the filmmaking".  Dennis Harvey of Variety called it "rip-roaring good time for genre fans".

On July 10, 2013, Rex Reed was the subject of controversy due to a scathing review of the film in which he admitted having walked out at the end of the first segment. His review does complain about parts of the film that happened after he left the film, but his references are rather imprecise, e.g. describing segment Slumber Party Alien Abduction as "a sleepover invaded by psycho kidnappers [as opposed to aliens] told from the perspective of a GoPro camera attached to the back of a dog" or summarizing segment A Ride in the Park as the tale of "a mountain biker pursued by flesh-eating zombies [rather than turned into one himself early on]".

Sequels
A third film in the series, titled V/H/S: Viral, was released in the US on November 21, 2014. A fourth film in the series, titled V/H/S/94, was released exclusively on Shudder on October 6, 2021.

See also

 Kids vs. Aliens, a spin-off film of the Slumber Party Alien Abduction segment

 List of films featuring extraterrestrials

References

External links

2013 films
2013 horror films
2013 independent films
2010s American films
2010s English-language films
2010s ghost films
Alien abduction films
American ghost films
American haunted house films
American horror anthology films
American independent films
American science fiction horror films
American sequel films
American pregnancy films
American splatter films
American zombie films
Demons in film
Films about cults
Films shot in Maryland
Films shot in Nova Scotia
Films directed by Eduardo Sánchez (director)
Films directed by Gregg Hale (producer)
Films directed by Jason Eisener
Films directed by Simon Barrett (filmmaker)
Films with screenplays by Simon Barrett (filmmaker)
Found footage films
Indonesian-language films
V/H/S (franchise)

V/H/S/2


James Arthur Thornton (born 1955) is professor of economics at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate classes.  His research focuses on microeconomics, econometrics, and health economics. He received his B.A. from in 1978, his M.A from in 1980, both from Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and his Ph.D in 1991 from University of Oregon, Eugene Oregon.. He immediately joined the EMU faculty, as assistant professor, becoming associate professor in 1995 and full professor in 2000, since 1999 he has been director of the graduate program in economics at EMU. He is a reviewer for the National Science Foundation and a member of the International Health Economics Association, American Society of Health Economists, the American Economic Association, the Southern Economic Association and the Midwest Economic Association.

Publications
He has published 20 article in peer-reviewed journals. His most cited paper, "How important are economic factors in choice of medical specialty?" by Thornton J, Esposto F in Health Economics 12(1):67-73 has been cited 17 times.

External links
 Website at Eastern Michigan

21st-century American economists
Marquette University alumni
University of Oregon alumni
Eastern Michigan University faculty
Health economists
1955 births
Living people

James Thornton (health economist)


James A. Williamson (February 8, 1829 – September 7, 1902) was a politician and lawyer who served in the Union army during the American Civil War, rising to the rank of brigadier general.  He received the Medal of Honor for his actions at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou.

Biography
Williamson was born in Columbia, Kentucky in 1829.  When he was fifteen years old his family moved to Iowa, where he worked as a farmer, before studying law and being admitted to the bar.  In the years prior to the Civil War he served as the  chairman of the Iowa State Democratic Committee.

When the Civil War began Williamson volunteered in the 4th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment.  Serving as a first lieutenant he fought at the battle of Pea Ridge where he was wounded on the first day of fighting there.  On March 4, 1862 he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and then on July 21, 1862 to colonel of the 4th Iowa.  Colonel Williamson and his regiment spent the fall of 1862 on garrison duty at Helena, Arkansas.  In December Williamson was part of William T. Sherman's force which attacked the Confederate forces at the Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs.  Williamson was again wounded and for his services here was eventually awarded the Medal of Honor in 1895.

Williamson recovered in time to take part in the Vicksburg Campaign and the following Siege of Vicksburg.  After the fall of the city, he assumed command of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps until September, 1863 then commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, XV Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga.  Williamson's division, commanded by Peter J. Osterhaus was temporarily attached to the forces under Joseph Hooker and took part in the Battle of Lookout Mountain.  The division was returned to the Army of the Tennessee and Williamson led the 2nd Brigade during the Atlanta Campaign.  At the Battle of Jonesborough he was wounded in the hand.  On December 19, 1864 he received a brevet promotion to brigadier general of U.S. Volunteers, on January 13, 1865 a full promotion to brigadier general and on March 13, 1865 a brevet promotion to major general of volunteers.  Briefly during the summer of 1865 he commanded the District of St. Louis and was mustered out of the volunteer service on August 24, 1865, but was on an inspection tour of army posts in the West and did not find out until he returned in October 1865.

In 1864 Williamson had been elected chairman of the Iowa delegation to the National Republican Convention in Baltimore, but did not attend due to duty to the army.  After the War he resumed his law practice in Iowa. He served as Commissioner of the General Land Office from 1876 to 1881. During this time he served as chairman of the Public Land Commission, which was created by Congress in 1879. He later became President of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad.

He was a companion of the New York Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

He was in Jamestown, Rhode Island when he died on September 7, 1902.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and Organization: Colonel, 4th Iowa Infantry.

Place and Date: At Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., 29 December 1862.

Entered service at: Des Moines, Iowa.

Born: 8 February 1829, Columbia, Adair County, Ky.

Date of issue: 17 January 1895.

Citation
Led his regiment against a superior force, strongly entrenched, and held his ground when all support had been withdrawn.

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z
List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, .
 A Civil War Biography
 History of General James A. Williamson

External links

1829 births
1902 deaths
Union Army generals
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
General Land Office Commissioners
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Columbia, Kentucky
Iowa Republicans
Iowa Democrats

James Alexander Williamson