Amityville Dollhouse is a 1996 American supernatural horror film directed by Steve White and starring Robin Thomas, Allen Cutler, Lenore Kasdorf, and Lisa Robin Kelly. The film follows a family who find themselves haunted after discovering a dollhouse replica of 112 Ocean Avenue—the site of the Amityville hauntings—on their property, which is possessed by a powerful demon. It is the eighth film in the Amityville Horror film series and was released directly to video. This was the last film in the series released before it was rebooted nine years later.

Plot
Newlyweds Bill and Claire Martin move their new family into a new house constructed by Bill himself. Shortly after moving in, Bill finds a dollhouse (modeled after 112 Ocean Avenue) in the shed. He brings it into the house and puts it in the garage. Later that night, Bill notices the fireplace in the house turns on by itself, heating the entire home. He has a hallucination of his daughter Jessica burning to death in the fireplace. The following morning, Claire finds the dollhouse in the garage and suggests giving it to Jessica for her birthday. At her birthday party, Jessica's aunt Marla and uncle Tobias arrive. Jessica is elated over the dollhouse and finds a chest of miniature dolls inside it. Her aunt and uncle, however, seem inexplicably nervous regarding the toys.

In the ensuing days, numerous strange incidents occur: Jimmy, Claire's eldest son, loses his pet mouse, which finds its way into the dollhouse; simultaneously, Jessica is confronted by an enormous white mouse hiding under her bed. Claire also begins to have unexpected sexual urges toward Todd, Bill's eldest son, and fantasizes about him while having sex with Bill. Nightmares plague Bill about voodoo dolls, demons, and his family being murdered. In conversation with Marla, Bill reveals he suffered from similar dreams as a child, including a premonitory dream of his parents dying in a fire, which came true. Jimmy also experiences supernatural visitations from his deceased father, who appears to him as a decaying zombie, urging him to murder Bill.

One afternoon, Todd brings his girlfriend, Dana, to the home. While in an exterior shed on the property, the two find newspaper clippings about the foundation on which Bill built their new home: they surmise that the new house was built around the fireplace from the original home. The two begin to have sex, but a giant fly attacks them and tries to burrow into Todd's ear. The following evening, Bill and Claire go out for dinner, leaving Todd to babysit Jimmy and Jessica. Todd invites Dana over and sends the children to bed. While Todd makes cocktails in the kitchen, Dana's hair inexplicably catches fire, leaving her in a coma with disfiguring burns. Todd blames his father for the accident, believing a faulty coil in the fireplace's gas line caused it.

Meanwhile, Marla and Tobias, who apparently practice magic, have taken one of the dolls from Jessica's dollhouse. They perform a ritual on the doll and watch it come to life. Objects begin to fly around their home, and Tobias stabs the doll with a knife, after which a large fly escapes. Later, Claire finds an unexplained bruise on Jimmy's face and believes Bill hit him. She shuts him out of the house, only to be confronted by the zombie of her deceased husband, tying her and Jimmy up and forcing them to sit by the fireplace. Bill attempts to enter the house through the garage but is knocked unconscious by carbon monoxide fumes from his car, which begins running by itself. Tobias arrives at the home and is able to save Bill. The two enter the home: Tobias has the voodoo doll he had taken from the dollhouse with him.

Tobias and Bill fight with the zombie, and Jimmy throws the voodoo doll into the fireplace, causing the zombie to disappear. Todd is then visited by an apparition of Dana, who is in the hospital: she attempts to kill him, but Claire intercedes. The family attempts to flee the house but cannot find Jessica. Scrawled on a piece of paper, they find a list of observations Jessica has made about the dollhouse, one of which reads: "My hand disappears in the fireplace." Bill realizes the fireplace is a portal to somewhere else. Bill and Tobias enter the fireplace and realize they have entered the dollhouse. They find Jessica on the floor, surrounded by bloodied remnants of the voodoo dolls. Tobias casts a protective spell, allowing Bill and Jessica to flee: Tobias, however, is dragged away by the demons that have escaped from the dolls. Bill destroys the dollhouse by tossing it into the fireplace. As they flee in their car, the house explodes behind them.

Cast
 Robin Thomas as Bill Martin
 Starr Andreeff as Claire Martin (credited as Star Adreeff)
 Allen Cutler as Todd Martin
 Rachel Duncan as Jessica Martin
 Jarrett Lennon as Jimmy Martin
 Clayton Murray as Jimmy's Father
 Franc Ross as Tobias
 Lenore Kasdorf as Marla Martin
 Lisa Robin Kelly as Dana

Musical score

The film features an official score by composer Ray Colcord, which was released on compact disc in 1999.

Release
The film was released on VHS by Republic Pictures in 1996 and later on DVD by Lionsgate on September 28, 2004. In 2019, Vinegar Syndrome (under license from Multicom Entertainment Group) released the film on Blu-ray in the US which was included in the boxset 'Amityville: The Cursed Collection'. In 2022, the film was released on Blu-ray in the UK courtesy of Screenbound Pictures Ltd.

Reception
The film was featured in the 2010 book 150 Movies You Should Die Before You See, in which reviewer Steve Miller wrote: "Don't bother asking why someone built a dollhouse replica of a place on Long Island. And don't ask how it ended up in a shack in the desert, or how it became filled with evil—the writer and director barely gave any thought to the subject. The film is rendered even less scary by the fact that no one seems particularly distressed by the weird developments." In 2015, TV Guide rated it two out of five stars, writing: "The awkwardly titled eighth film (!) in the Amityville series has its moments but adds little to the franchise or the horror genre in general."

See also
 Killer toys

References

External links

1996 direct-to-video films
1996 directorial debut films
1996 drama films
1996 films
1996 horror films
1996 independent films
1990s American films
1990s English-language films
1990s horror drama films
1990s psychological drama films
1990s psychological horror films
1990s supernatural horror films
American direct-to-video films
American haunted house films
American horror drama films
American independent films
American psychological drama films
American psychological horror films
American sequel films
American supernatural horror films
Amityville Horror films
Burn survivors in fiction
Demons in film
Direct-to-video drama films
Direct-to-video horror films
Direct-to-video sequel films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about fires
Films about grieving
Films about haunted dolls
Films about murder
Films about nightmares
Films about precognition
Films about remarriage
Films about sentient toys
Films about widowhood
Films about witchcraft
Films set in 1996
Films set in California
Films set in hell
Films shot in Los Angeles County, California
Horror films about toys
Spontaneous human combustion in fiction
Teleportation in films

Amityville Dollhouse


Misty is a 2018 play by Arinzé Kene.
Directed by Omar Elerian, the piece opened at the Bush Theatre, London with an opening night on 21 March 2018, following previews from 15 March. The production closed on 21 April 2018
With the support of Luti Media, the production transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in the West End, opening on 8 September 2018. It was initially scheduled to play until 20 October, but extended its run to 17 November 2018.

Awards and nominations

Original London production

References

External links
 Bush Theatre Listing

2018 plays
West End plays

Misty (play)


James Alexander "Sandy" Winnefeld Jr. (born April 24, 1956) is a retired United States Navy admiral who serves as the chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board since May 4, 2022. While on active duty, Winnefeld served as the ninth vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from August 4, 2011 to July 31, 2015.

He previously served as the fourth Commander, U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and the 21st Commander, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) from May 19, 2010 to August 3, 2011.

Prior to that, Winnefeld served as Director for Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff which he concurrently served as the Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee. His other operational commands include serving as the Commander, U.S. Sixth Fleet and Commander, Allied Joint Command Lisbon.

As the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Winnefeld was the second highest-ranking officer in the United States Armed Forces, second only to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 2015, he retired from the Navy after over 37 years of service. He currently serves on the board of directors for Raytheon Technologies, one of the largest aerospace and defense companies in the world.

Biography
Winnefeld's military lineage extended to his father and grandfather who both served in the Navy. His great-grandfather was a Prussian cavalryman.

Winnefeld graduated from Georgia Tech in 1978 with high honors in Aerospace Engineering and received his commission via the Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps program.

While at Georgia Tech, he was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. After designation as a naval aviator, he served with two fighter squadrons and as an instructor at the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN). While an instructor at TOPGUN, he worked with crew from Paramount Pictures on the production of the movie Top Gun.  Winnefeld went on to graduate with the highest distinction from the U.S. Naval War College off-campus program. He is a recipient of the Admiral William J. Crowe Award as Joint Staff Action Officer of the Year and the Vice Admiral William W. Behrens Jr. award as the honor graduate of his class at Nuclear Power School.

His command tours include Fighter Squadron 211 (VF-211),  and as the 17th commanding officer of the . He led Enterprise through her 18th deployment, which included combat operations in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom immediately after the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001. As commander, Carrier Strike Group 2/Theodore Roosevelt Carrier Strike Group, he led Task Forces 50, 152 and 58 in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and maritime interception operations in the Persian Gulf. He most recently served concurrently as Commander, U.S. Sixth Fleet; Commander, Allied Joint Command Lisbon; Commander, Striking and Support Forces NATO; Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe; and Joint Forces Maritime Component Commander, Europe.

His shore tours include service as an action officer in the Joint Staff Operations Directorate, as senior aide to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and as executive assistant to the Vice Chief of Naval Operations. As a flag officer he served ashore as Director, Warfare Programs and Transformational Concepts, United States Fleet Forces Command and as Director, Joint Innovation and Experimentation at United States Joint Forces Command.

Winnefeld is now a Distinguished Professor at the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs at Georgia Tech. He is also a non-resident senior fellow at the Belfer Center at  the Harvard Kennedy School.

Winnefeld began speaking out on his son's opioid overdose death and advocating for awareness of the opioid epidemic.

In an April 5, 2020 phone call to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer touted Winnefeld as a potential COVID-19 czar to oversee the production and disbursement of medical equipment.

In May 2022, Winnefeld was appointed to serve as chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board.

September 11 attacks
Winnefeld was the commanding officer of the USS Enterprise during  the September 11 attacks. The Enterprise was headed to Cape Town, South Africa, for a port call. The crew was watching television at sea on September 11 and watched the hijacked United Airlines Flight 175 airliner strike the south tower of the World Trade Center. Acting without specific direction from the National Command Authority, then-Captain Winnefeld gave the order to put the ship's rudder over (180° degree turn) to take station in the Arabian Sea.

The carrier's aircraft were within range of Afghanistan the next morning. For over three weeks starting on October 7, aircraft from Enterprise flew nearly 700 missions and dropped large amounts of ordnance over Afghanistan. The Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Vern Clark praised Winnefeld and credited him for taking initiative as well as for the Enterprise's crew readiness.

Dates of rank

Military awards and decorations

He is also a recipient of the William J. Crowe, William W. Behrens Jr. awards and the 2012 recipient of the Naval War College Distinguished Graduate Leadership Award.

Stop the Addiction Fatality Epidemic (SAFE)
After losing a son to opioid addiction, the Winnefeld family began dedicating themselves to studying the issue. They launched a website called SafeProject.us with the goal of saving other families from experiencing the same tragedy.

Notes

External links

Official Joint Chiefs of Staff biography
Official United States Navy biography  at the United States Navy

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1956 births
Georgia Tech alumni
Living people
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
United States Navy admirals

James A. Winnefeld Jr.


Ask the Dust is the most popular novel of American author John Fante, first published in 1939 and set during the Great Depression era in Los Angeles. It is one of a series of novels featuring the character Arturo Bandini as Fante's alter ego, a young Italian-American from Colorado struggling to make it as a writer in Los Angeles.

The novel is widely regarded as an American classic, regularly on college syllabi for American literature. The book is a roman à clef, much of it rooted in autobiographical incidents in Fante's life. The novel influenced Charles Bukowski significantly. In 2006, screenwriter Robert Towne adapted the novel into a film, Ask the Dust, starring Salma Hayek and Colin Farrell.

Publication
Initial publication of the novel followed Fante's successful publication of Wait Until Spring, Bandini and his short stories in prominent publications such as The American Mercury. Only 2,200 copies of the first edition of the novel were printed. Although sales were not extensive, a paperback edition was issued by Bantam in 1954. The novel's popularity did not reach its peak until poet Charles Bukowski led the reissue of the novel by Black Sparrow Press in 1980, alongside a foreword by Bukowski.

Synopsis
Arturo Dominic Bandini is a struggling writer living in a residential hotel in Bunker Hill, a rundown section of Downtown Los Angeles. Living off oranges, he unconsciously creates a picture of Los Angeles as a modern dystopia during the Great Depression era. His published short story "The Little Dog Laughed" impresses no one in his seedy boarding house except for one 14-year-old girl, Judy. Destitute, he wanders into the Columbia Buffet where he meets Camilla Lopez, a waitress.

Bandini falls in love with Lopez, who is herself in love with her co-worker Sammy. Sammy despises Camilla, telling Bandini that he has to treat Camilla poorly if he wants to win her over. Bandini struggles with his own poverty, his Catholic guilt, and with his love for an unstable and deteriorating Camilla. Camilla is eventually admitted to a mental hospital and moved to a second one before escaping. Bandini looks for her, only to find her waiting for him in his apartment. He decides to take her away from Los Angeles, and arranges to live in a house on the beach. He buys her a little dog and they rent a place in Laguna Beach. He leaves her there to retrieve his belongings from his Los Angeles hotel room, only to find the house empty when he returns. He receives a telegram from Sammy, who requests that he come and retrieve Camilla, as she has shown up at the desert shack he has been living in and is getting on his nerves. By the time Bandini gets there, Sammy has thrown Camilla out and she has wandered into the desert. Bandini looks for her with an agonizing fear that he won't find the woman he loves, a fear that is soon realized. He returns to Sammy's shack and looks out at the empty desert land. He takes a copy of his first novel that has recently been published, dedicates it to Camilla, and throws it into the desert.

Themes
Fante's most popular novel by far, the semi-autobiographical Ask the Dust is the third book in what is now referred to as "The Saga of Arturo Bandini" or "The Bandini Quartet". Bandini served as his alter ego in a total of four novels: Wait Until Spring, Bandini (1938), The Road to Los Angeles (chronologically, this is the first novel Fante wrote but it was unpublished until 1985), Ask the Dust (1939) and, finally, Dreams from Bunker Hill (1982). The last Fante dictated to his wife, Joyce, towards the end of his life after complications from diabetes brought about blindness and the amputation of both legs. Fante's use of Bandini as his alter ego can be compared to Charles Bukowski's character, Henry Chinaski.

Recurring themes in Fante's works are poverty, Catholicism, family life, Italian-American identity, sports, and the life of a writer. Ask the Dust has been referred to over the years as a monumental Southern California/Los Angeles novel by many (Carey McWilliams, Charles Bukowski, and Los Angeles Times Book Review). More than sixty years after it was published, Ask the Dust appeared for several weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.

Reception
Initial reception of the novel was mixed, resulting in poor sales. Distribution was hampered because Fante's publisher was embroiled in a legal dispute over publication of an unauthorized version of Adolf Hitler's biography Mein Kampf that left it short of funds.

Legacy
Fante was one of the first writers to portray the tough times faced by many people in Depression-era Los Angeles. Robert Towne has called Ask the Dust the greatest novel ever written about Los Angeles.

The American author Charles Bukowski cites John Fante's work as a significant influence on his own writing, in particular Ask the Dust, which he had stumbled upon in the public library as a young writer. Bukowski's enthusiasm for the novel helped ensure that the novel didn't fall into obscurity in the 1970s. Bukowski, who befriended the older author towards the end of Fante's life, wrote a foreword to this novel for the Black Sparrow Press reprint edition. Bukowski states in this foreword: "Fante was my god". Bukowski chronicled their relationship in his short story "I Meet the Master", although in the story, the author is referred to as "John Bante" and his book is called Sporting Times? Yeah?.

Ask the Dust contains thematic similarities to Knut Hamsun's 1890 novel Hunger. Fante was a great admirer of Hamsun. The title Ask the Dust derives from Knut Hamsun's novel Pan from 1894, in which Lt. Glahn tells the story about the girl in the tower:

"The other one he loved like a slave, like a crazed and like a beggar. Why? Ask the dust on the road and the falling leaves, ask the mysterious God of life; for no one knows such things. She gave him nothing, no nothing did she give him and yet he thanked her. She said: Give me your peace and your reason! And he was only sorry she did not ask for his life."

In David Foster Wallace's 1987 novel The Broom of the System, Lavache "Stoney" Beadsman has a wooden leg with a hidden drawer in which he keeps marijuana cigarettes and other illegal substances. Chapter 4 of Ask the Dust refers to a character named Benny Cohen, who "had a wooden leg with a little door in it. Inside the door were marijuana cigarettes. He sold them for fifteen cents apiece."

References

Further reading

External links

 Short radio script from Ask the Dust at the California Legacy Project.
 An annual festival honoring John Fante is held in his father's birthplace, Torricella Peligna, Italy

1939 American novels
American novels adapted into films
Italian-American novels
Novels set in Los Angeles
Novels set in deserts
Novels about writers
Novels by John Fante
Roman à clef novels

Ask the Dust


In the C and C++ programming languages, the comma operator (represented by the token ,) is a binary operator that evaluates its first operand and discards the result, and then evaluates the second operand and returns this value (and type); there is a sequence point between these evaluations.

The use of the comma token as an  is distinct from its use in function calls and definitions, variable declarations, enum declarations, and similar constructs, where it acts as a .

Syntax
The comma operator separates expressions (which have value) in a way analogous to how the semicolon terminates statements, and sequences of expressions are enclosed in parentheses analogously to how sequences of statements are enclosed in braces: (a, b, c) is a sequence of expressions, separated by commas, which evaluates to the last expression c, while {a; b; c;} is a sequence of statements, and does not evaluate to any value. A comma can only occur between two expressions – commas separate expressions – unlike the semicolon, which occurs at the end of a (non-block) statement – semicolons terminate statements.

The comma operator has the lowest precedence of any C operator, and acts as a sequence point. In a combination of commas and semicolons, semicolons have lower precedence than commas, as semicolons separate statements but commas occur within statements, which accords with their use as ordinary punctuation: a, b; c, d is grouped as (a, b); (c, d) because these are two separate statements.

The comma operator has been deprecated in subscripting expressions (as of C++20); to reduce confusion, and open up the future possibility of repurposing the syntax for multidimensional array indexing. In C++23, the ability to overload operator[] with multiple arguments was added making unparenthesised comma expressions unusable in subscripts. The comma operator is still usable and not deprecated in this context if the comma expression is surrounded by parentheses (as in a[(b,c)]).

Examples
In this example, the differing behavior between the second and third lines is due to the comma operator having lower precedence than assignment.  The last example differs as well since the return expression must be fully evaluated before the function can return.

/**
 *  Commas act as separators in this line, not as an operator.
 *  Results: a=1, b=2, c=3, i=0
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3, i=0;

/**
 *  Assigns value of b into i.
 *  Commas act as separators in the first line and as an operator in the second line.
 *  Results: a=1, b=2, c=3, i=2
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
int i = (a, b);

/**
 *  Assigns value of a into i.
 *  Equivalent to: int i = a; int b;
 *  Commas act as separators in both lines.
 *  The braces on the second line avoid variable redeclaration in the same block,
 *  which would cause a compilation error.
 *  The second b declared is given no initial value.
 *  Results: a=1, b=2, c=3, i=1
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
{ int i = a, b; }

/**
 *  Increases value of a by 2, then assigns value of resulting operation a + b into i.
 *  Commas act as separators in the first line and as an operator in the second line.
 *  Results: a=3, b=2, c=3, i=5
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
int i = (a += 2, a + b);

/**
 *  Increases value of a by 2, then stores value of a to i, and discards unused
 *  values of resulting operation a + b.
 *  Equivalent to: (i = (a += 2)), a + b;
 *  Commas act as separators in the first line and as an operator in the third line.
 *  Results: a=3, b=2, c=3, i=3
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
int i;
i = a += 2, a + b;

/**
 *  Assigns value of a into i.
 *  Commas act as separators in both lines.
 *  The braces on the second line avoid variable redeclaration in the same block,
 *  which would cause a compilation error.
 *  The second b and c declared are given no initial value.
 *  Results: a=1, b=2, c=3, i=1
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
{ int i = a, b, c; }

/**
 *  Commas act as separators in the first line and as an operator in the second line.
 *  Assigns value of c into i, discarding the unused a and b values.
 *  Results: a=1, b=2, c=3, i=3
 */
int a=1, b=2, c=3;
int i = (a, b, c);

/**
 *  Returns 6, not 4, since comma operator sequence points following the keyword
 *  return are considered a single expression evaluating to rvalue of final
 *  subexpression c=6.
 *  Commas act as operators in this line.
 */
return a=4, b=5, c=6;

/**
 *  Returns 3, not 1, for same reason as previous example.
 *  Commas act as operators in this line.
 */
return 1, 2, 3;

/**
 *  Returns 3, not 1, still for same reason as above. This example works as it does
 *  because return is a keyword, not a function call. Even though compilers will
 *  allow for the construct return(value), the parentheses are only relative to "value"
 *  and have no special effect on the return keyword.
 *  Return simply gets an expression and here the expression is "(1), 2, 3".
 *  Commas act as operators in this line.
 */
return(1), 2, 3;

Uses
The comma operator has relatively limited use cases. Because it discards its first operand, it is generally only useful where the first operand has desirable side effects that must be sequenced before the second operand. Further, because it is rarely used outside of specific idioms, and easily mistaken with other commas or the semicolon, it is potentially confusing and error-prone. Nevertheless, there are certain circumstances where it is commonly used, notably in for loops and in SFINAE. For embedded systems which may have limited debugging capabilities, the comma operator can be used in combination with a macro to seamlessly override a function call, to insert code just before the function call.

For loops
The most common use is to allow multiple assignment statements without using a block statement, primarily in the initialization and the increment expressions of a for loop. This is the only idiomatic use in elementary C programming. In the following example, the order of the loop's initializers is significant:
void rev(char *s, size_t len)
{
    char *first;
    for (first = s, s += len; s >= first; --s) {
        putchar(*s);
    }
}
An alternative solution to this problem in other languages is parallel assignment, which allows multiple assignments to occur within a single statement, and also uses a comma, though with different syntax and semantics. This is used in Go in its analogous for loop.

Outside of for loop initializers (which have a special use of semicolons), the comma might be used instead of a semicolon, particularly when the statements in question function similarly to a loop increment (e.g. at the end of a while loop):
++p, ++q;
++p; ++q;

Macros
The comma can be used in preprocessor macros to perform multiple operations in the space of a single syntactic expression.

One common use is to provide custom error messages in failed assertions. This is done by passing a parenthesized expression list to the assert macro, where the first expression is an error string and the second expression is the condition being asserted. The assert macro outputs its argument verbatim on an assertion failure. The following is an example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <assert.h>

int main ( void )
{
    int i;
    for (i=0; i<=9; i++)
    {
        assert( ( "i is too big!", i <= 4 ) );
        printf("i = %i\n", i);
    }
    return 0;
}
Output:
 i = 0
 i = 1
 i = 2
 i = 3
 i = 4
 assert: assert.c:6: test_assert: Assertion `( "i is too big!", i <= 4 )' failed.
 Aborted

However the assert macro is usually disabled in production code, so use it only for debug purposes.

Condition
The comma can be used within a condition (of an if, while, do while, or for) to allow auxiliary computations, particularly calling a function and using the result, with block scoping:
if (y = f(x), y > x) {
    ... // statements involving x and y
}
A similar idiom exists in Go, where the syntax of the if statement explicitly allows an optional statement.

Complex return
The comma can be used in return statements, to assign to a global variable or out parameter (passed by reference). This idiom suggests that the assignments are part of the return, rather than auxiliary assignments in a block that terminates with the actual return. For example, in setting a global error number:
if (failure)
    return (errno = EINVAL, -1);
This can be written more verbosely as:
if (failure) {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return -1;
}

Avoid a block
For brevity, the comma can be used to avoid a block and associated braces, as in:
if (x == 1) y = 2, z = 3;
if (x == 1)
    y = 2, z = 3;
instead of:
if (x == 1) {y = 2; z = 3;}
if (x == 1) {
    y = 2; z = 3;
}

Other languages
In the OCaml and Ruby programming languages, the semicolon (";") is used for this purpose. JavaScript and Perl utilize the comma operator in the same way C/C++ does. In Java, the comma is a separator used to separate elements in a list in various contexts. It is not an operator and does not evaluate to the last element in the list.

See also
 Sequence point
 Operators in C and C++
 Operator (programming)

References

Bibliography

External links
 "Effect of using a comma instead of a semi-colon in C and C++", Stack Overflow
    Boost.Assignment – facility from the Boost library that makes it easy to fill containers by overloading the comma operator

C (programming language)
C++
Operators (programming)

Comma operator


Peter Applebome (born July 3, 1949) is an American editor and writer whose positions at The New York Times have included Deputy National Editor, Metropolitan Page Columnist and Houston and Atlanta Bureau Chief.

Applebome was born in New York City and grew up in Great Neck, N.Y. He graduated from Duke University in 1971 and from Northwestern University Journalism School in 1974. He worked at a newspapers in Corpus Christi and in Dallas and at Texas Monthly magazine, where he was a Senior Editor.  He joined the New York Times in 1987 as a national correspondent and then as bureau chief in Houston. He moved to Atlanta as Southern Bureau chief in 1989 and served in that job for five years. Since then he has covered education and culture, served as Deputy Metropolitan Editor and for six years wrote the Our Towns column, which consisted of news, features, tales and analysis of life in the New York, New Jersey and Connecticut suburbs, exurbs and far-flung towns outside New York City. He has taught courses in journalism at Princeton University, Duke University, and Vanderbilt University. He has won various awards, the most unusual being the 1985 Imitation Hemingway Award set in the singles bars of Dallas. His books include Dixie Rising: How the South is Shaping American Values, Politics and Culture (Times Books, 1996) and Scout's Honor: A Father's Unlikely Foray into the Woods (Harcourt, 2003).

Applebome's essay "Civil War Vapors Remain" appears in The Grand Review: The Civil War Continues to Shape America, published in 2000 by Bold Print, Inc. of York, PA.  The book includes a history by Georg R. Sheets of the Grand Review of the Armies held May 23–24, 1865 to celebrate the end of the American Civil War, as well as commentary by Applebome, Governor L. Douglas Wilder, and Dr. Charles Reagan Wilson, and first-look photographs of the collection of the National Civil War Museum.

Books
 Scout's Honor: A Father's Unlikely Foray Into the Woods (2004, Tandem Library)
 Dixie Rising: How the South is Shaping American Values, Politics and Culture (1996, Times Books)

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
Duke University alumni
Medill School of Journalism alumni
The New York Times writers
American education writers
People from Great Neck, New York
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists

Peter Applebome


Sexual inversion is a theory of homosexuality popular primarily in the late 19th and early 20th century.  Sexual inversion was believed to be an inborn reversal of gender traits:  male inverts were, to a greater or lesser degree, inclined to traditionally female pursuits and dress and vice versa.  The sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing described female sexual inversion as "the masculine soul, heaving in the female bosom".

Initially confined to medical texts, the concept of sexual inversion was given wide currency by Radclyffe Hall's 1928 lesbian novel The Well of Loneliness, which was written in part to popularize the sexologists' views.  Published with a foreword by the sexologist Havelock Ellis, it consistently used the term "invert" to refer to its protagonist, who bore a strong resemblance to one of Krafft-Ebing's case studies.

Historical context
In 19th century Europe, where the theory of sexual inversion emerged, homosexuality was a criminal offense in most jurisdictions. The emergence of the theory of sexual inversion marked a turn in the conceptualization of same-sex sexual behavior from vice to congenital disposition.

Origin and popularization
In 1869, the same year that Karl-Maria Kertbeny coined "homosexuality", Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal wrote a paper reporting on several cases of what he called "conträre Sexualempfindung", translated into English as contrary sexual feeling or contrary sexual instinct. This paper was published in the Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankeiten in 1870, under the title "Die conträre Sexualempfindung, Symptom eines neuropathischen (psychopathischen) Zustandes". Arrigo Tamassia introduced the theory into Italian as inversion of the sexual instinct with the article "Sull'inversione dell'istinto sessuale" in 1878. Jean-Martin Charcot and Victor Magnan introduced the theory into French as inversion of the genital orientation with the article "Inversion du sens génital et autres perversions sexuelles" in 1882. John Addington Symonds used the phrase "sexual inversion" in "A Problem in Greek Ethics", which he wrote in 1873 and published privately in 1883.

Theory

The theory of sexual inversion understands same-sex attraction as a form of gender variance. A sexual invert is someone who is attracted to their own sex, and the theory makes limited distinction between same-sex attracted people who are gender conforming apart from their attractions and same-sex attracted people who transgress assigned sex roles in other ways, such as crossdressing or cross-sex identification.

According to this theory, gay men and lesbians were sexual "inverts", people who appeared physically male or female on the outside respectively, but felt internally that they were of the "opposite" anatomical sex (according to the binary view of gender). Therefore, same-sex desires and attraction were explained as "latent heterosexuality", and bisexual desire was known as psychosexual hermaphroditism – in other words, gay men and lesbians were really just heterosexuals who were "born in the wrong body", and "bisexuals" were what modern-day sexologists would call intersex people (formerly hermaphrodites) by this theory (the bisexual person's "male" part supposedly has attractions towards females, and the "female" part has attractions towards males).

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Prosser, Jay (2001). "'Some Primitive Thing Conceived in a Turbulent Age of Transition': The Transsexual Emerging from The Well".

19th-century neologisms
Sexual orientation and science
Gender identity
LGBT terminology

Sexual inversion (sexology)


ユナイテッドレンタルズ (United Rentals, Inc () is an American publicly traded company; it is the world's largest equipment rental company, with about 16 percent of the North American market share as of 2022.

It owns the largest rental fleet in the world with approximately 4,700 classes of equipment totaling about $19.3 billion in original equipment cost (OEC) as of 2022. The company has a combined total of 1,449 locations, including an integrated network of 1,390 rental locations in North America, 13 in Europe, 27 in Australia and 19 in New Zealand. In North America, the company operates in 49 U.S. states and Puerto Rico and in every Canadian province. In 2017, United Rentals' revenue totaled more than $6.64 billion, with over $1.35 billion in profit. It is ranked #424 on the Fortune 500, and #1183 on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's largest public companies.

URI was founded in 1997 by Bradley Jacobs and grew primarily through acquisition. It offers general, aerial, and specialty rentals to a customer base that includes construction and industrial companies; utilities; municipalities; and homeowners. In addition to rentals, the company offers new and used equipment sales, servicing, and safety training.

United Rentals is currently led by Matthew Flannery (President & CEO), Dale Asplund (Executive Vice President & COO), and Ted Grace (Executive Vice President & CFO). The company is headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. In 2019, United Rentals was announced the 6th best stock of the 2010s, with a total return of 1,559%.

Operations
United Rentals is primarily a provider of construction and industrial equipment: trucks, aerial work platforms, counterbalance forklifts, reach forklifts, earth movers, compressors, homeowner equipment, and similar devices. Together, these are considered general and aerial rentals, and they make up the bulk of URI's rental fleet and customer base.

The company also rents equipment in five primary specialty fields:
 Trench safety includes shoring equipment for excavation in confined spaces and below-ground construction sites, and the training necessary to safely handle such equipment.
 Power & HVAC includes temporary power generators and mobile climate control. These devices are often used during commercial renovations, on television and movie sets, or in response to natural disasters.
 Tool solutions involve renting out trailers stocked with tools and supplies. They are often used at large construction sites or during refinery shutdowns.
 Fluid solutions include the devices and supplies necessary for transferring, containing or removing liquids. They tend to have applications in mining and agriculture.
 Reliable Onsite Services involve the renting of portable toilets, restroom and shower trailers and, as of 2021, mobile and modular offices and mobile storage.

Additional specialty fields include:
 Radio Services involve the renting of portable radios. United Rentals is an authorized dealer for Motorola and can provide a variety of handheld and portable radio solutions.
 Sports & Entertainment involve the renting of equipment that covers anything from movie production to large events like the Super Bowl.
 Drone Services involve providing drone services to scope out job sites and survey projects. Can be used on anything from large job sites to nuclear silos, etc.

History

United Rentals was founded in September 1997. Then-chairman and CEO Bradley Jacobs planned to grow the company through acquisition and consolidation, beginning in October 1997 with six small leasing companies scattered across North America.

In December 1997, three months after forming, United Rentals began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol URI.

In June 1998, it acquired U.S. Rentals, Inc., for a sum variously reported as $1.2 billion and $1.31 billion. The acquisition made United Rentals the largest equipment rental company in North America.

On December 26, 2006, United Rentals announced the sale of their Highway Technology division to HTS Acquisition, Inc.

On July 23, 2007, United Rentals announced a definitive agreement to sell itself to Cerberus Capital Management in a transaction valued at approximately $6.6 billion, including the assumption of approximately $2.6 billion in debt obligations. URI's board of directors approved the merger agreement and recommended that stockholders do the same.

On November 15, 2007, the company announced that Cerberus was not prepared to proceed with the purchase on the terms set forth in its merger agreement. Cerberus confirmed that there had not been a material adverse change at United Rentals, which would have let it bow out of the deal without penalty. On December 21, 2007, a Delaware Chancery Court ruling denied United Rentals' attempt to force Cerberus to follow through on the takeover bid. However, the court did order Cerberus to pay the $100 million termination fee stipulated in the original agreement.

On December 16, 2011, United Rentals and RSC Holdings, Inc. announced that they had entered into a definitive merger agreement, under which United Rentals would acquire RSC in a cash-and-stock transaction. The largest merger in rental equipment history was finalized on April 30, 2012, boosting URI to what was at the time a 13 percent market share of the equipment rental industry.

In 2013, United Rentals moved its headquarters from Greenwich, Connecticut, to Stamford, Connecticut.

On March 9, 2014, the company announced plans to acquire National Pump for $780 million. This made United Rentals the second-largest pump rental company in North America. The transaction was finalized on March 31, 2014.

In June 2014, United Rentals was first listed on the Fortune 500. Based on its 2013 revenues of $4.955 billion, the company was ranked exactly 500th. It had previously made it as high as 517 in 2002, before falling back down.

On September 19, 2014, URI was added to the S&P 500 Index.

On January 25, 2017, United Rentals announced the purchase of NES Rentals, a competing general equipment rentals company, for approximately $965 million. It completed the acquisition on April 3, 2017.

On August 22, 2017, United Rentals announced it had acquired all power generation assets, primarily mobile generator sets, from Cummins Inc. To maintain fleet and customer service continuity, a small number of Cummins employees joined United Rentals.

On October 2, 2017, United Rentals announced it had completed the acquisition of Neff Corporation, a competing general equipment rentals company, for approximately $1.3 billion. In the transaction, United Rentals acquired approximately $867 million in equipment (based on original equipment cost) and Neff's 69 rental facility locations in the United States.

On October 4, 2017, United Rentals announced it had acquired the assets of Superior Speedie Portable Services, Inc. and Superior Logistics Services, Inc. (together "Superior Speedie"), which includes a fleet of over 8,000 portable toilets and over 130 restroom trailers. This new specialty division is named United Rentals Reliable Onsite Services.

On July 2, 2018, United Rentals announced it had agreed to purchase BakerCorp International for about $715 million in cash, enhancing its Pump Solutions division. BakerCorp is a leading provider of tank, pump, filtration, and trench shoring rentals, with about 950 employees, 46 locations in North America, and another 11 locations in Europe. Following the transaction, United Rentals changed the name of its Pump Solutions division to United Rentals Fluid Solutions.

On September 11, 2018, United Rentals announced an agreement to add BlueLine Rental, one of the top ten rental equipment companies in North America, to its growing list of acquisitions. United Rentals' board of directors unanimously approved the deal to purchase BlueLine from Platinum Equity for about $2.1 billion in cash. BlueLine has 114 locations in 25 US states, Canada, and Puerto Rico, and approximately 46,000 rental assets marketed primarily to mid-sized and local accounts.

On December 7, 2022, United Rentals completed the acquisition of Ahern Rentals, Inc. for approximately $2.0 billion in cash, adding Ahern's 106 rental facilities and approximately 66,000 rental assets.

Canada
United Rentals of Canada, Inc., a subsidiary of United Rentals, has agreed to acquire WesternOne Rentals & Sales LP with an all cash purchase of $91.8 million. The acquisition will add 330 employees and twelve locations in Alberta, British Columbia, and Manitoba.

References

External links

アメリカ合衆国の企業

ユナイテッドレンタルズ


Rudolf Christian Friedrich Lechler () (26 July 1824 – 29 March 1908), was a German Protestant Christian missionary to China, and is one of early leaders of the Basel Mission evangelizing to the Hakka people. Lechler spent 52 years in China. The Basel Hakka Mission that he administered was responsible for establishing over 51 mission stations, 56 schools with over two thousand members.
Lechler is known today for administering to the early Hakka Christian church and, together with his mission coworkers, facilitated in the resettling of Hakka Christian communities fleeing from persecution to Southeast Asian countries of which new congregations such as the Basel Christian Church of Malaysia and the Lutheran Church in Malaysia and Singapore were subsequently formed. Lechler appreciated China's cultural heritage and was able to preach in several varieties of Chinese, including Mandarin, Hokkien, and Hakka, the last of which he knew well enough to help prepare a Romanized Hakka edition of the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke. Today the Hakka Christian community is estimated to have 150,000 members worldwide.

Youth and early work
Lechler was born on 26 July 1824 to pastor and Pietist Gottlob Lechler. He initially joined the merchant industry as an apprentice. During this time, an illness in which he contracted resulted in his Christian faith being strengthened and in 1844 committed himself to becoming a missionary by entering a Mission school run by the Basel Mission. It was during this time that he became acquainted with Theodore Hamberg During this time, the missionary Karl Gützlaff began touring churches in Western Europe and calling for missionary work to begin on the inland areas of China where no Westerner had ventured before. The Rhenish Missionary Society and the Basel Mission heeded the call and arranged for Theodor and Lechler to set sail for China, arriving on March 19, 1847.

First Expedition to China

In 1838, the Basel Missionary residing in India, C. Krückeberg travelled to Macau to recuperate from an illness and during this time he met Karl Gutzlaff and began to take an interest in the mission work taking place in China. He recommended that the Basel Mission society also begin sending its workers to China. On the May 13, 1846, the Basel Mission commissioned pastors Theodore Hamberg and Rudolph Lechler to China. In the same year, the Barmen Mission resolved to send Heinrich Köster and Ferdinand Genähr to assist Gutzlaff. The four of them reached Hong Kong on March 19. The Berlin Missionary Society also sent pastors Newman and Schubert as missionaries to China.
In the early year, the three mission societies had their own separate mission goals - Gutzlaff arranged for the Basel Church to be responsible for evangelizing the eastern Guangdong region, Lechler was to administer to the Teochew people in the Chaozhou and Shantou areas, whereas Hamberg was minister to the Hakka population. The Barmen Mission workers were to be assigned the southeastern and western parts of the province where the language of the local population is predominantly Cantonese. The Berlin Mission Society was allotted the Guangzhou area north of the Beijiang River to preach to both the local Hakka and Cantonese residents. This strategy continued until after the Boxer Incident when all three mission societies began to cooperate and jointly develop common goals amongst themselves.

See also
Theodore Hamberg
Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong Kong

Notes

External links
The Legacy of Rudolf Christian Friedrich Lechler

1824 births
1908 deaths
Translators of the Bible into Chinese
German expatriates in China
German evangelicals
Protestant missionaries in China
Protestant writers
German Protestant missionaries
19th-century German translators
Missionary linguists

Rudolf Lechler


Jessica Nora Kresa (born June 6, 1978) is an American professional wrestler and actress better known as ODB (One Dirty Bitch), best known for her time in Impact Wrestling. She is a four-time TNA Women's Knockout Champion, and a one-time TNA Knockouts Tag Team Champion.

Early life
Kresa has an athletic background in ice hockey, which her father encouraged her to pursue. She was the captain of the first girls' team at her high school and played at St. Cloud State University for two years. She began watching professional wrestling as a child, and watching wrestlers such as The Killer Bees. She originally desired to be on the show American Gladiators. She hired a personal trainer in anticipation of her wrestling training.

Professional wrestling career

Early career (2001–2004)
Kresa tried out for the first season of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE)'s reality show, WWF Tough Enough. She made the top 25, but missed the final cut.  Back home in Minnesota, she began training and was soon wrestling in independent wrestling promotions in the Midwest, facing male wrestlers such as Ken Anderson and Shawn Daivari. Kresa received her first national exposure in early 2003 as ODB, wrestling Trinity in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). She returned to TNA in early 2004 as Poison and was placed in a brief feud with Trinity. She appeared again in TNA during October 2004 and defeated Tracy Brooks.

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2006–2007)

On June 5, 2006, Kresa debuted in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) as a villain under the ring name ODB, her gimmick being a woman who was a tough, loud, and crude bargirl, losing to Daisy Mae. Three days later, she lost to Mae in a rematch, beginning a feud between the two in the process. After losing to Mae in a tag team match on June 9, ODB finally defeated her in a tag team match on June 16. She then defeated her in a singles match on June 28 to culminate their feud. On July 12, 2006, ODB began declaring herself as the Women's Champion, even though OVW did not recognize a women's champion at the time. She repeatedly cut promos saying that she was the new Women's Champion, and OVW owner Danny Davis conceded and recognized the Women's Championship as an official title. ODB lost her title to Serena Deeb in a four-way match on September 13, 2006. In the spring of 2007, ODB won the first ever "Miss OVW" crown with help from Victoria Crawford. After Deeb dropped the title to Katie Lea, ODB engaged in an ongoing feud with her which led to a match between the two on June 1, 2007, where ODB regained her title and ended Lea's reign. ODB lost her title for the second time when she dropped it to Milena Roucka in a six-way match on September 19, 2007. During her time in OVW, she gained praise for her matches, but Johnny Ace thought she didn't fit with the WWE Divas division and Triple H encouraged her to sign with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling

Various feuds (2007–2009)

Kresa was contacted by Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) to appear at their annual pay-per-view Bound for Glory. She made her in-ring re-debut at the event, participating in a 10-Knockout gauntlet match to crown the first-ever Knockout Champion. She was eliminated by Roxxi Laveaux, and the match was eventually won by Gail Kim. She was originally booked as a villain in the women's division, but her abilities while "drunken" created positive crowd reactions, resulting in a naturally gradual fan favorite push.

On the January 3, 2008 episode of Impact!, ODB won an 8-Knockout gauntlet match to determine the rankings of the Knockout's division in TNA. On the January 17, 2008 episode of Impact!, she defeated Angelina Love, and then challenged Awesome Kong to a title match at Against All Odds. On the January 24 episode of Impact!, Kong attacked Gail Kim after Kim was named 2007 TNA Knockout of the Year, but was saved by ODB. At Against All Odds, ODB was defeated by Kong. At Destination X, she lost a three-way match, which included Kim, to Kong. At Lockdown, ODB and Kim defeated Kong and Raisha Saeed. The following month at Sacrifice, ODB participated in the first-ever Knockouts "Make Over Battle Royal", which was also won by Kim.

In mid–2008, ODB began feuding with The Beautiful People (Angelina Love, Velvet Sky and Cute Kip) alongside Rhaka Khan and Rhino. On the October 30 episode of Impact!, ODB joined A.J. Styles, Samoa Joe, Jay Lethal, Consequences Creed, Petey Williams, Eric Young and The Motor City Machineguns to form a faction of younger wrestlers to oppose The Main Event Mafia.

Women's Knockouts Champion (2009–2010)
At Genesis, after scoring the pinfall in a six-woman tag team match, it was announced that ODB would get a shot at the Knockout Championship. In this time, ODB feuded with The Kongtourage with most results as wins. At Against All Odds, she unsuccessfully challenged Awesome Kong for the championship. The next week on Impact!, she cut a promo about letting "one lucky guy spend the night" with her, and at Destination X, she chose Cody Deaner as her date. Subsequently, Deaner became her manager. At Lockdown, ODB won the Queen of the Cage match, which was contested in a steel cage. On August 16 at Hard Justice, ODB and Deaner faced Angelina Love and Velvet Sky in a tag team match with Love's Knockouts Championship on the line. Deaner pinned Sky, which led to ODB becoming the new Knockouts Champion, but the duo began arguing over who was the true champion. At No Surrender, ODB defeated Deaner to win the championship. After successfully defending her title against Awesome Kong and Tara, she would face both of them in a 3-way match at Bound for Glory, which ODB won.

ODB turned heel on December 10 after attacking Tara in a backstage segment. On December 20, 2009, at Final Resolution, ODB lost the Knockout's title to Tara. On the December 31 special four-hour, all Knockout edition of Impact! ODB won an eight Knockout Tournament, defeating Traci Brooks and Awesome Kong en route to the finals, where she defeated Hamada, to earn herself a shot at the Knockouts Championship on the January 4 episode of Impact!, where she defeated Tara to regain the Knockouts Championship. Two weeks later at Genesis, ODB lost the title back to Tara in a two out of three falls match.

On June 14, 2010, Kresa announced on her Twitter account that she had parted ways with TNA.

Teaming with Jacqueline (2011)

Despite the announcement of her departure, ODB returned to TNA for one night on the February 24, 2011 episode of Impact!, answering TNA Knockouts Champion Madison Rayne's open challenge and losing to her in the following match.

She made her next appearance in the May 19 episode of the newly christened Impact Wrestling by attacking Velvet Sky, claiming that she had gotten fired because of her. In storyline, ODB was not under contract with TNA and had to make her entrances in matches through the crowd with no entrance music. ODB and Sky faced each other in a singles match on the June 9 episode of Impact Wrestling, with Sky emerging victorious. The following week, ODB cost Sky and Ms. Tessmacher their match for the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship, and then beat Sky down with her new partner, Jacqueline. The following week, ODB and Jacqueline defeated Sky and Tessmacher in a tag team match. On the July 7 episode of Impact Wrestling, Sky defeated both ODB and Jacqueline in a two-on-one handicap match, forcing both of them to leave TNA as per stipulation of the match. However, ODB, along with Jacqueline, returned to Impact Wrestling on July 21, once again attacking Sky prior to her match for the Knockouts Championship with Mickie James. They would eventually be attacked by the returning Traci Brooks, before being escorted out of the arena by police officers. On the August 18 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB and Jacqueline changed their attitudes, abandoning their heelish antics, in order to regain contracts with the promotion. After several weeks of working as fan favorites, ODB and Jacqueline were signed to contracts by the new head of the Knockouts division, Karen Jarrett, on the September 1 episode of Impact Wrestling. ODB returned on the November 17 episode of Impact Wrestling, taking part in a gauntlet match, which was won by Mickie James.

Alliance with Eric Young (2011–2014)
On the December 22 episode of Impact Wrestling ODB teamed up with Eric Young in the Wild Card Tournament, advancing to the semi-finals after a win over Anarquia and Shannon Moore. The following week, the team was eliminated from the tournament by Magnus and Samoa Joe. After the loss, ODB would pursue an on-screen relationship with Young, and the two would begin a feud with Angelina Love and Winter, and the duo would defeat Love and Winter in a tag team match on the January 26, 2012 episode of Impact Wrestling. On the March 8 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB and Young defeated Gail Kim and Madison Rayne to win the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship. After the match, ODB accepted Young's storyline marriage proposal. ODB and Young made their first title defense two weeks later, when they defeated Mexican America (Rosita and Sarita). ODB's and Young's wedding ceremony took place on the April 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, with Rosita and Sarita interfering. This led to a match, three days later at Lockdown, where ODB and Young defeated Rosita and Sarita in a steel cage match to retain the titles. On July 19, ODB and Young became the longest reigning Knockouts Tag Team Champions in history by surpassing The Beautiful People's reign of 141 days. On the October 18 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB defeated the newly crowned TNA Knockout Champion Tara in a non-title match. The rivalry between ODB and Tara continued, and the two competed on November 11 at Turning Point, where ODB and Young defeated Tara and her on-screen boyfriend Jesse in a non-title mixed tag team match. On the November 15 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB competed in a battle royal to determine the next contender for Tara's championship, which was won by the returning Mickie James.

After a four-month absence, ODB returned to TNA in April 2013, as the new referee for the Knockouts division. On the June 20 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB and Young were stripped of the Knockouts Tag Team Championships by Brooke Hogan — the Knockouts Division Commissioner — due to Young being a male, ending their reign at a record-setting 478 days.

On the July 25 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB refereed a Knockouts Championship match between champion Mickie James and Gail Kim, which saw Kim slap ODB after turning a blind eye to a dirty pin and James ultimately retaining the title, beginning a rivalry between the two. ODB returned to in-ring action the following week, where she fought Kim to double count-out. On August 15 at the special episode of Impact Wrestling: Hardcore Justice, ODB pinned Kim in a three-way hardcore match, which also included James. The following week, ODB was defeated by Kim in singles competition. ODB and Kim faced off once again in a number one contender's two out of three falls match on the August 29 episode of Impact Wrestling, which ODB won. On September 12, during the tapings of the September 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB defeated Mickie James to win her fourth TNA Women's Knockout Championship. On October 20 at Bound for Glory, ODB lost her title to Kim in a three-way match, also involving Brooke, after an interference from Lei'D Tapa, ending her reign at 38 days. ODB received a rematch on the October 31 episode of Impact Wrestling, but was once again defeated by Kim. On the December 12 episode of Impact Wrestling, ODB was helped to get retribution over Lei'D Tapa by the returning Madison Rayne, thus forming her own alliance. ODB and Rayne teamed together for the first time on the December 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, where they defeated Tapa and Kim, after Rayne pinned Kim. ODB defeated Brittany on the April 29, 2014 episode of TNA Xplosion, in what would turn out to be her final match with TNA.

On August 21, 2014, ODB was removed from the Knockouts website and her TNA profile was moved to the alumni section of the roster, therefore announcing her departure from the company. On September 5, 2014, ODB competed in TNA One Night Only: World Cup 2014, which aired on tape delay from April. She competed for Team Eric Young and lost to Angelina Love. In the main event, ODB managed to eliminate Gail Kim before being eliminated by Robbie E.

Ring of Honor (2015–2016)
On January 3, 2015, ODB debuted for Ring of Honor, saving The Briscoe Brothers from an attack of The Kingdom (Michael Bennett, Matt Taven and Maria Kanellis). At the January 24 tapings, The Kingdom defeated ODB and the Briscoes after Bennett and Taven attacked ODB, allowing Kanellis to pin her. On March 1 at the ROH 13th Anniversary Show pay-per-view, ODB gained a measure of revenge by defeating Kanellis in a singles match.

Return to Impact Wrestling (2016–2017; 2019–2020)
On the December 15, 2016 episode of Impact Wrestling dubbed "Total Nonstop Deletion", ODB made a one-night appearance to TNA to answer Sienna's #1 contender challenge for the TNA Knockouts Championship in a losing effort. After the match was over "Broken" Matt Hardy's drone, Vanguard 1, received a motorboat from ODB.

Two months later the following year on March 2 during the tapings of Impact Wrestling, ODB returned to TNA, defeating Laurel Van Ness. On April 6, 2017 during the episode of  Impact Wrestling, ODB won a gauntlet match to become number one contender for Rosemary's Knockouts Championship, a match she eventually went on to lose.

On November 2, 2019, Impact Wrestling announced that proceeds from their Melrose Ballroom TV tapings would go towards replacing her food truck that burned down in Chicago during the weekend of Starrcast and AEW All Out. She confirmed that she would be present but didn't comment on whether or not she'd be wrestling at the event.

All Elite Wrestling (2019)
ODB made a surprise appearance at All Out, participating in the Casino Battle Royal. She eliminated Teal Piper before being eliminated by Britt Baker.

National Wrestling Alliance (2019)
On December 14, 2019, at Into the Fire, ODB made her National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) debut as Allysin Kay's  mystery tag team partner, defeating Marti Belle and Melina.

Third return to Impact Wrestling (2021)
ODB made her third return to Impact Wrestling on the February 2, 2021 episode of Impact!, where she helped Jazz and Jordynne Grace as they were attacked by Kimber Lee, Susan and the Knockouts Champion Deonna Purrazzo.

Personal life
Aside from being a wrestler, Kresa worked as a bartender at the Courtside Bar & Grill in Anoka, Minnesota. and runs a food truck called ODB's Meat & Greet.

Other media
In 2011, Kresa starred alongside fellow wrestlers Kurt Angle, James Storm, Matt Morgan, Terry Gerin and Sid Eudy in the horror movie Death from Above.

Kresa appeared on the June 23, 2013, episode of the Animal Planet show Off the Hook: Extreme Catches which is hosted by Eric Young.

In 2014, Kresa appeared on an episode of My Family Recipe Rocks, hosted by Joey Fatone, on an episode called "Campfire Cooking with Professional Wrestler Jessie Kresa". She shared her recipes for ODB Bloody Marys, One Dirty Bean Dip, Walking Tacos and Campfire Cones.

Filmography

Championships and accomplishments
 Midwest Pro Wrestling
 MPW Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
 Ohio Valley Wrestling
 OVW Women's Championship (2 times, inaugural)
 Miss OVW (2007)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked  No. 14 of the top 50 female wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2008
 Steel Domain Wrestling
 SDW Women's Championship (1 time)
 Texas Wrestling Federation
 TWF Women's Championship (1 time)
 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 TNA Knockouts Championship (4 times)
 TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Eric Young
 Gauntlet for the Gold (2008, 2017 – Knockouts)
 New Year's Knockout Eve Tournament (2010)
 Queen of the Cage (2009)
 TNA World Cup of Wrestling (2014) – with Bully Ray, Gunner, Eddie Edwards and Eric Young
 United States Wrestling Organization
 USWO Television Championship (1 time)

Mixed martial arts

References

External links

 Impact Wrestling profile
 Glory Wrestling profile

1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
American female professional wrestlers
American female mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling
Professional wrestlers from Minnesota
Professional wrestlers from Tennessee
St. Cloud State Huskies women's ice hockey players
Tough Enough contestants
Professional wrestling managers and valets
21st-century female professional wrestlers
TNA/Impact Knockouts World Champions
TNA/Impact Knockouts World Tag Team Champions
OVW Women's Champions

ODB (wrestler)


Brigadier Ṭhenphunga Sailo, AVSM (1 January 1922 – 27 March 2015) was an officer of the Indian Army, and the second and twice the Chief Minister of Mizoram, a state in northeast India. He was the creator of Mizoram People's Conference, one of the major political parties in Mizoram. He was a recipient of Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) and Padma Shri for his humanitarian works during his military service, and Mizo Award for his lifetime achievements.

T. Sailo was the son of Vanchheuva, a Mizo chief of Ṭhuampui village at Lunglei district. He studied at Serkawn Middle English School, Shillong High School (in Meghalaya), and Serampore College in Calcutta (now Kolkata). He earned his certificate of Intermediate of Science (higher secondary level) from the University of Calcutta. He immediately joined the British Army to serve in World War II. Recruited as second lieutenant in 1942, he became the first military officer among the Mizo people. He retired with the rank Brigadier in 1974. By then his native state was ravaged by political insurgency, and he soon set to humanitarian works and established the Human Right Committee, which he developed into a recognized political party named People's Conference (later renamed the Mizo People's Conference) in 1975.

T. Sailo led his new party to victory in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly election in 1978, and he became the second Chief Minister. Re-election the next year also brought him the same victory and remained the Chief Minister till 1984. Though he was elected for MLA seat in the 1984 election, his party was overwhelmed by the Mizoram Congress party (under the Indian National Congress Party). He was appointed the Opposition Leader in the legislative assembly. He was subsequently elected in 1998 and 2008 but failed to uplift his party. He retired from politics in 2013, and at age 91 he was by then the oldest elected legislator.

Early life and education
T. Sailo was born to Mizo Chief Vancheuva and his wife Hrangvungi. He completed his elementary schooling from Serkawn Middle School in Lunglei, and was the topper in the Middle School Leaving Certificate examination under the Mizoram Board of School Education. He then went on to High School in Shillong from 1937 to 1940. He then went on to study Intermediate of Science (higher secondary education) in Serampore College in 1941. The next year he earned his certificate under the University of Calcutta.

Military career
At the height of World War II, T. Sailo joined the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun and after commissioning, joined the Punjab Regiment of the British Indian Army as a Second Lieutenant in 1942.  He became the first military officer among the Mizo people. After the Independence of India, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1960, in 1963 he was again promoted to colonel, and then in 1966 to brigadier until his retirement in 1974
.

Politics
After retiring from Army, T. Sailo created the Human Rights Committee in 1974 fighting for alleged Army excess against civilian's caught in the separatist conflict between the Indian Army and Mizo National Front. He submitted a memorandum containing 36 cases of atrocities by the Indian Army since 1 March 1966. To fight his cause in the political arena, he founded the People's Conference Party (later to be renamed Mizo People's Conference) on 17 April 1975. His party won the Mizoram Legislative Assembly election of 1978, and he became the second Chief Minister of Mizoram on 2 June 1978. Due to political unrest, his government was dissolved after six months in November, and the Union Territory was declared under President's Rule. In the next election in 1979, his party won again and he once again became the Chief Minister, the post he held for full term till 1984. In the 1984 election, although he was elected in his constituency, his party was defeated by the Indian National Congress Party led by Lal Thanhawla. He became the Opposition Leader.

His party felt a serious blow with the Mizoram Peace Accord of 1987, as the Mizo National Front emerged not only as a new political party, but also was offered the government as part of the peace negotiation. For a short while, he changed the party's name to Mizoram Janata Dal but renamed it to reflect its old name Mizoram People's Conference. In the government formed after the 1998 elections, he was part of the ruling coalition led by the Chief Minister Zoramthanga of the Mizo National Front. He was appointed Principal Adviser to the state government. His ministry has also initiated the Aizawl city extension project, Bairabi Dam which he alleged were never pursued by the successive governments.

T. Sailo was again elected in the 2008 election and as his last term as Member of the Legislative Assembly ended in January 2014, he retired. He announced his formal retirement at the assembly session on 24 July 2013. At age 92, he was allegedly the oldest elected member of any legislative body in the world.

Awards and honours

T. Sailo was given the military award Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) during his service. He was awarded the Padma Shree in 1999 by the Government of India. In 2001 the Mizo Zirlai Pawl declared him as a corruption-free politician from their public poll. In April 2011, the then Governor of Mizoram, Lt. Gen. Madan Mohan Lakhera, awarded him the Mizo Award organised by the Vanglaini daily newspaper in Mizoram.

Personal life and death

T. Sailo married Thansiami, daughter of a Mizo folklorist P.S. Dahrawka, in 1946. They had three sons, Lalsangliana Sailo, Lalhmangaiha Sailo, and Lalrinliana Sailo; and a daughter Laldingliani Sailo. Though a son of an Indian Army officer, Lalsangliana joined the Mizo rebels, the Mizo National Army (later Mizo National Front), on the sly while studying graduate course at St. Edmund's College, Shillong, in 1966. He became one of the elite "Special Force" under Laldenga, leader of the MNA. Lalhmangaiha and Laldingliani both entered the Indian Revenue Service. After retirement Lalhmangaiha succeeded his father as President of the Mizoram People's Conference in 2010. He retired as Chief Commissioner of Income Tax.

Laldingliani Sailo, after retirement, served as Member, National Commission for Women (NCW) from 2013 to 2016. She is the only Mizo to have become Member of NCW. She earlier also served as Member, Delhi Commission for Women (DCW). The only woman from North East to have served in DCW.

Lalrinliana Sailo studied medicine (MBBS) and MS (Orthopaedic Surgery) from AIIMS and became Director General, Health Services, Government of Mizoram.

T. Sailo wrote an autobiography of his military life A Soldier's Story.

He had been suffering from lung problems and hypertension. On the morning of 27 March 2015, he had trouble breathing and was taken to the New Life Hospital. He was pronounced dead at 11:50 IST. His funeral was held the next day at noon and was interred at his private grave in his garden.
President Pranab Mukerjee and Prime Minister Narendra Modi sent messages of condolence.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
People from Aizawl
Mizo people
Chief Ministers of Mizoram
British Indian Army officers
Indian Army personnel of World War II
Indian Army officers
People from Lunglei district
Senate of Serampore College (University) alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in social work
20th-century Indian politicians
Mizoram MLAs 1978–1979
Mizoram MLAs 1998–2003

T. Sailo


Vladimir may refer to:

Names
 Vladimir (name) for the Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Macedonian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak and Slovenian spellings of a Slavic name
 Uladzimir for the Belarusian version of the name
 Volodymyr for the Ukrainian version of the name
 Włodzimierz (given name) for the Polish version of the name
 Valdemar for the Germanic version of the name
 Wladimir for an alternative spelling of the name

Places
 Vladimir, Russia, a city in Russia
 Vladimir Oblast, a federal subject of Russia
 Vladimir-Suzdal, a medieval principality
 Vladimir, Ulcinj, a village in Ulcinj Municipality, Montenegro
 Vladimir, Gorj, a commune in Gorj County, Romania
 Vladimir, a village in Goiești Commune, Dolj County, Romania
 Vladimir (river), a tributary of the Gilort in Gorj County, Romania
 Volodymyr (city), a city in Ukraine

Religious leaders
 Metropolitan Vladimir (disambiguation), multiple
 Jovan Vladimir (d. 1016), ruler of Doclea and a saint of the Serbian Orthodox Church

Musicians
 Vladimir Horowitz (1903–1989), a Russian American legendary classical virtuoso pianist and minor composer
 Vladimir Ashkenazy (1937–), a Russian-Icelandic renowned classical pianist and conductor

Nobles
 Vladimir of Bulgaria (fl. 889–893), King of Bulgaria
 Vladimir I of Kiev (Vladimir the Great, 980–1015), medieval ruler of Kievan Rus
 Vladimir II Monomakh (1053–1125), Veliky Knyaz of Kievan Rus, prince of Kiev;  also ruled in Rostov and Suzdal
 Vladimir II Mstislavich (1132–1173), Prince of Dorogobuzh, Vladimir, and Volyn, Slutsk, Tripolye and Grand Prince of Kiev
 Vladimir of Novgorod (1020–1052), Prince of Novgorod
 Vladimir III Rurikovich (1187–1239), Prince of Pereyaslavl, Smolensk and Grand Prince of Kiev
 Vladimir of Staritsa (1533–1569), Appanage Prince of Russia, cousin to Tsar Ivan the Terrible

Political and military leaders
 Vladimir the Bold (1353–1410), commander of the Muscovite armies in the 14th century
 Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924), pseudonym of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution and first leader of the Soviet Union
 Vladimir Putin (b. 1952), current President of the Russian Federation

Athletes
 Vladimir González (b. 1978), a Colombian road cyclist
 Vladimir Guerrero (b. 1976), a baseball player
 Vladimir Latocha (b. 1973), a French breaststroke swimmer
 Vladimir Núñez (b. 1975), a Cuban Major League Baseball relief pitcher
 Vladimir Timoshinin (b. 1970), a Russian diver
 Vladimir Parfyonov (b. 1970), an Uzbekistani javelin thrower
 Vladimir Popov (weightlifter) (b. 1977), a Moldovan weightlifter
 Vladimir Portnoi (b. 1931), a Soviet Olympic silver and bronze medalist in gymnastics
 Vladimir Orlando Cardoso de Araújo Filho (b. 1989), a Brazilian footballer
 Oleg Prudius (a.k.a. Vladimir Kozlov) (b. 1972), a Ukrainian professional wrestler
 Vladimir Vujovic (b. 1982), a Montenegrin footballer who played for Bhayangkara F.C.

Fictional characters
 Vladimir (Waiting for Godot), also known as Vladimir "Albert" and "Didi", a character in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot
 Vovochka, diminutive form of Vladimir, common character in Russian jokes
 Vladimir, a character from My Life as a Teenage Robot
 Vladimir "Uncle Vlad" Glebov, character from GTA IV
 Vladimir Makarov, character from Call of Duty
 Vladimir DeMordrey, character from Sacred
 Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, character from Dune

Actors, writers, poets
 Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (1938–1980), an actor, poet, bard, and writer
 Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (1899–1977), a multilingual Russian novelist
 Vladimir Oravsky (b. 1947), a multilingual Slovak novelist

Artists
 Vladimír Havlík (b. 1959), a Czech action artist
 Vladimir Kush (b. 1965), a Russian born surrealist painter and sculptor

Ships
  Imperial Russian Navy ship

See also
 Vlad
 Vladimirov
 Vladimirovka (disambiguation)
 Vladimirsky (disambiguation)
 Vladimirovsky
 Hvaldimir, a beluga whale found in Norway
 Vlademir (born 1979), Brazilian footballer

Vladimir


Michael Newton (born 27 April 1987) is an Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL) and the Norwood Football Club in the SANFL.

Career
Originally from Whorouly, Newton was taken at pick 43 in the 2004 AFL Draft. He was given plenty of time to mature in the Victorian Football League at the Sandringham Football Club where he had kicked big bags of goals on a number of occasions and before debuting for the Demons in 2007 in Round 13 in Neale Daniher's final game as coach.

With a knee injury to David Neitz, Newton was required to be a stand in full forward and subsequently played successive games, kicking a goal in his first game and scoring an impressive three goals against Carlton. Having an impressive debut season, he took the 2007 Mark of the year, marking high above a pack, resting on David Neitz's head.

Quickly gathering a cult following amongst Demons fans due to his high-marking, Newton now receives shouts of 'Juice' upon every disposal. His nickname was influenced by 1970s American pop and country singer Juice Newton, who also provided the same nickname for former Melbourne player Leigh Newton during his brief career in 1997.

Newton's 2008 season was dominated by a knee injury. After kicking one goal in round 1 against Hawthorn, Newton was dropped to the VFL to play for Melbourne's previously affiliated club, Sandringham, which is where he picked up the injury. Newton returned for Melbourne in the AFL late in the 2008 season and was in and out in 2009, although after being dropped to the VFL, Newton responded by booting 5 goals for Casey Scorpions.

Newton managed five games in 2009 for 60 disposals and kicked six goals. He then played only four games in 2010.

Newton was delisted by Melbourne at the end of the 2011 season.

Newton played for Norwood in the SANFL from 2012-2015. He played 8 league games in 2012 before rupturing his ACL, requiring a full knee reconstruction, in which he missed out on playing in Norwood's Premiership win over West Adelaide.

Newton enjoyed a stellar 2014 season, proving to be a dangerous option up forward, booting 57 goals for the season.  He was a part of the 2014 premiership team, which was the third premiership in a row for the Redlegs.

Newton now plays for Wangaratta Magpies Football Club in the Ovens and Murray Football Netball League.

He kicked eight goals in the 2017 senior football grand final to defeat Albury Tigers by 21 points and was awarded the Did Simpson Medal for best on ground.

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Melbourne Football Club players
Sandringham Football Club players
Murray Bushrangers players
Norwood Football Club players
Casey Demons players
Waratah Football Club players
Wangaratta Football Club players

Michael Newton (footballer)


Víctor Ortiz Jr. is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler. He is more commonly known by his ringname Mike Mendoza. Early in his career he worked as Enigma (stylized as Eni?ma), continuing to perform under the name for some time afterwards. Ortiz began his career in the International Wrestling Association (IWA) as a cruiserweight, winning the division's title before ascending to the lower mid-tier and later performing in the tag team division and winning the EWO World Tag Team Championship in an interpromotional angle with the large independent promotion Extreme Wrestling Organization (EWO).

In 2013, he debuted in the World Wrestling Council (WWC), where he reigned in the junior heavyweight and tag team divisions before concluding his stay following a run with the second-tier WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship. In 2017, Ortiz joined Liga Wrestling (then known as the World Wrestling League), where he is a two-time WWL World Heavyweight Champion.

Wrestling career

International Wrestling Association (2010–2012)
To begin his career, Ortiz adopted the gimmick of "Enigma", initially wrestling under a mask. On March 20, 2010, he debuted in the International Wrestling Association (IWA), winning his contest in the first round of a tournament to determine the first contender of the cruiserweight-based Xtreme Combat Division. On June 26, 2010, he competed in a royal rumble for the 5th José Miguel Pérez Cup being the tenth eliminated competitor. On that same event, Ortiz unsuccessfully challenged for the XCD Championship. On March 5, 2011, the IWA's president Miguel Pérez, Jr. declared that since the XCD Champion had vacated the title due to injury, a four-way match would take place at Juicio Final, but for the traditional IWA Cruiserweight Championship. On March 19, 2011, Ortíz lost a contest to Dennis Rivera.

On June 4, 2011, Ortiz won the IWA Cruiserweight Championship. During his reign, the IWA decided to drop the division. This decision was explained in story line, when a now more muscular Ortiz explained that he had surpassed the constraints of a cruiserweight division, choosing instead to create a new championship and become the self-proclaimed "IWA Television Champion". At Halloween Mayhem 2011, he defeated a jobber using an inverted neck breaker. At Histeria Boricua, he participated in a tournament for the Television Championship, winning two contests but losing the final to Carlos Cupules. At Kaos and Odissey, Ortiz surprised by aiding his former adversary in a title defense and joining him to form a team known as Controversial Inc. or Los Controversiales. On February 25, 2012, he and Cupules entered an interpromotional angle that had been running between the IWA and the Extreme Wrestling Organization (EWO) since December 2011. In their debut in EWO, they captured the EWO World Tag Team Championship and promptly rebranded them as the "You Tú Tag Team Championship". They held the titles until May, when Doom Patrol won it in a three-way match that included Los Sorprendentes Lights. Afterwards, Los Controversiales remained involved in the title picture.

Independent circuit (2012–2013)
After the IWA entered a hiatus, Ortiz continued performing in the local independent circuit as part of Los Controversiales along Cupeles. In July they appeared at the Puerto Rico/Panama based International Gladiators Wrestling Alliance (IGWA), self-proclaiming themselves tag team champions. During the second half of 2012, EWO became involved in a charity campaign known as Ponte Pa' lo +, which was turned into an angle after several of the wrestlers involved were attacked by masked "negative" counterparts. Team Positivo and Team Negativo clashed throughout the following months. On December 15, 2012, the heels lost their masks in a bet between both teams, revealing their identity as Ortiz, Cupeles, Real Michael, Two Face, Joseph Cruz "J.C." Navarro and Oscar Anderson. Joined by the latter, the three became known as Los Realengos and issued a challenge in January 2013, which was accepted by Spider and Jason Sparks. The team feuded with Los Sorprendentes Lights during this timeframe. On April 13, 2013, they were forced to leave the promotion following a "loser leaves town" against the Lights and Rapero JP.

World Wrestling Council (2013–2017)

His 2014 campaign earned him the "Most Improved Wrestler" award from Puerto Rico Wrestling, which is determined by popular vote. In 2016, he was voted "Most Improved Wrestler" for the second time in the PRW awards.

World Wrestling League (2017–2019)
On May 11, 2017, WWL aired a segment where Mendoza overheard a conversation between Mr. 450 and Konnan, members of an invading faction known as La Junta de Control (lit. "The Control Board", a reference to PROMESA). After the former rebelled against the latter in a face turn and was jumped by the rest of the group, Ortiz made the save accompanied by Angel Fashion (who had left WWC shortly before him) and the three then made an alliance with the stable known as Westside Mafia to oppose the invaders. Having been jumped by La Junta for failing to win the WWL World Heavyweight Championship, Mr. 450 became the unofficial leader of this coalition. Both debutants were unable to attend WWL's next card due to pre-existing arrangements to participate in Cleveland Knights Championship Wrestling's (CKCW) Vanished Empire event, where he faced Matt Justice. Instead, the promotion ran an angle were the leader of the Puro Macho stable and La Junta's COO, Manny Ferno, visited his grandfather's gym and attacked his brother, Christian Ortiz, who was training to become a wrestler.

On June 24, 2017, Mendoza made his in-ring debut by defeating Puro Macho member "J.C." Navarro, but the group once again attacked his brother and broke one of his arms as part of the storyline. In his second appearance at CKCW, Mendoza teamed with Pérez in a loss to the team known as Stateline. Growing increasingly frustrated, Ferno requested the intervention of one of Konnan's stables, Impact Wrestling's Latin American Exchange. Mendoza and Pérez, now collectively known as La Tercera Generación, defeated the unified Global Force Wrestling/Impact Wrestling World Tag Team Champions Ángel Ortiz and Mike Draztic in the first confrontation between groups. On July 15, 2017, 450 defeated Joseph Cruz "J.C." Navarro in a first contenders match, stole the WWL World Heavyweight Championship belt and rebranded himself the Mecha Wolf 450, in the process turning on the faces.

After months of hiatus caused by hurricane Maria, WWL returned with Juicio Final in April 2018, where Mendoza teamed with Vargas in a loss to La Hermandad. By May 2018, Tercera Generación had become involved in a series for the World Tag Team Championship against Primos Meléndez and titlists Westside Mafia, coming up short in their opportunities. Interested in the WWL World Heavyweight Championship, Mendoza attacked both the incumbent Mecha Wolf 450 and surprise challenger BJ. As both members expressed titular ambitions, frictions became evident among Tercera Generación, notably at War in the West 2018. In Destino Final 2018, Mendoza suffered a fibula fracture during a three-way match (which included both his teammate and new champion BJ) for the WWL World Heavyweight Championship.

Following surgery and therapy, he made his return in January 2019. While Tercera Generación was still trying to work out their internal differences, Mendoza was attacked by BJ. He pursued revenge later in the event, but his intervention in a titular match also angered Fashion. After BJ retained, Mendoza attacked the incumbent, only to be jumped by new arrival Mighty Ursus. On March 15, 2019, he became the first contender for the World Heavyweight Championship by defeating the latter as part of Todo o Nada. Later in the event, Mendoza turned on Fashion by costing his tag team partner the last titular opportunity that he would have until the title changed hands.

A title shot was scheduled, and later signed, for Apuesta Letal on May 17, 2019, where BJ retained. Mendoza was then pushed to the background as an underling of a mysterious adviser to the heels simply known as "El Conciliario", who gave him tasks through Tommy Diablo. On June 15, 2019, Mendoza won the World Heavyweight Championship due to outside intervention. For War in the West 2019, he teamed with Thunder and Lightning in a loss to BJ, Justin Dynamite and Star Roger. The identity of the adviser was revealed to be El Bronco, but his role atop the heel stable was short lived, since Diablo led them in a rebellion. Despite being reduced to a secondary role and being hounded by an unknown masked assailant, Mendoza scored successful defenses over Roger (twice, in regular and iron man matches) and Justin Dynamite. At Insurrection, he lost the title against a returning Fashion (revealed to have been the mysterious figure), failing to recapture it at La Revancha. On November 15, 2019, Mendoza closed the year with a win over Navarro at Guerra de Poder, since Black Xmas was later cancelled.

Liga Wrestling (2020–present)
In the final event held under the WWL brand after the promotion rebranded to Liga Wrestling, El Fin, Mendoza won a three-way match over Fashion and BJ to win his second World Heavyweight Championship. However, he dropped the title to Star Roger before the show was over.

Abroad and Latin American Wrestling Entertainment (2017–present)
After all activity in the local wrestling scene entered a hiatus following Hurricane Maria, he focused on expanding his career internationally. In October 2017, Ortiz spent a week at WWE's Performance Center and participated in the promotion's fall tryouts. The following week, the debut of both members of Tercera Generación at The Crash was announced. However, it never formalized, with Konnan leaving the promotion for Aro Lucha shortly afterwards. Instead, Ortiz participated in CKCW's anniversary show where "Sensacional" Roger Díaz retained the heavyweight championship of local independent promotion CWA in a fatal four-way match. In the interim, he made an appearance for NEW (an independent promotion organized by WWL co-worker Nelmarie "Roxxy" Tirado) defeating one of his students, the posh masked wrestler known as El Gentil. While the larger companies remained in a hiatus, Ortiz made an appearance in the season closer of CWA, where he attacked Díaz and in subsequent skits between both a challenge was issued.

His 2017 campaign earned him the awards for "Revelation of the Year" and "Match of the Year" (for Tercera Generación's match with LAX), this time by Impacto Estelar's panel of local bookers, former wrestlers and administrative personnel. Ortiz was the wrestler that appeared in most categories, also gathering votes in "Wrestler of the Year" and "Best (Strong Style) Striker".

CKCW acquired the rights to organize the match for the CWA World Heavyweight Championship for its New World Rising event held at Parma, Ohio on February 9, 2018. There, Roger retained the title, but was attacked by Tercera Generación afterwards. At CKCW, the three members of Tercera Generación became part of The Holy Fashion, a stable that began in the independent circuit of Florida and originally consisted of Fashion, El Nazareno and Carlos Cupeles. They began a list of "#Blessed" wrestlers, which compiled those laid out by the group. At CKCW, the remaining two members of Tercera Generación became part of The Holy Fashion. The group began a list of "Hall of #Blessed" wrestlers, which compiled those laid out by the group. Roger Díaz and Justin Dynamite (Jonathan Merced) were its inaugural members in this event. On May 20, 2018, Mendoza and Fashion (now rebranded as La Marea) defeated Thunder and Lightning to win the CKCW Tag Team Championship.

In July 2018, Mendoza made a return to IGWA in Kingdom of Champions, being paired against BJ. Following months of inactivity caused by injury, Mendoza made his first international appearance of 2019 at Mucha Lucha Atlanta's Katastrofe 2K19, once again appearing as part of La Anexión. This was followed by a return to CKWK, where Tercera Generación reunited to defend their titles against La Rebelión Amarilla. During the summer, he joined Fashion to face the Lucha Brothers in representation of La Anexión as part of MLA19 Dystopia. Mendoza's final abroad appearance of the year took place on December 6, 2019, at CKCW's Obliteration, where La Marea faced Star Roger and BJ.

In 2021, Mendoza signed with Latin American Wrestling Entertainment LAWE a company owned by Orlando Colón and his father José Colón. While in LAWE he had matches against Pedro Portillo III and formed a ta team with Angel Fashion called La Anexion.

Championships and accomplishments
Cleveland Knights Championship Wrestling
CKCW Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) - with Angel Fashion
Extreme Wrestling Organization
EWO World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Sr. C
International Wrestling Association
IWA Cruiserweight/Television Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI ranked him #313 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2016
World Wrestling Council
WWC Puerto Rico Championship (2 times)
WWC World Tag Team Championship (4 times) - with El Cuervo (3) and El Hijo de Ray González (1)
WWC Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling League
WWL World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

Luchas de Apuestas record

Personal life
Ortiz is a third generation wrestler, with his grandfather being Salvadoran legend Salvador Pérez "El Vikingo", who wrestled in Puerto Rico while competing with WWC (then Capitol Sports Promotions) during the 1980s and 1990s. Born in Bayamón, Puerto Rico to Victor Ortiz Sugrañes, Sr. and Brenda Negrón, being one of five siblings born to the patriarch, along Christian, Manuel Alejandro, Camila and Sergio. He is also the father of Víctor III (with Margieliz Fortis) and Victoria (with Kendra Castro). His grandfather performed throughout Latin America before arriving to WWC, where he worked as a wrestler, referee and villainous manager. Upon retiring, he established a gymnasium, Vikingo Power Gym, which was affiliated to the IWA during the 2000-10s and hosted the defunct Savio Vega Wrestling Academy, which served as the promotion's main developmental school, being managed by Juan "Savio Vega" Rivera. Ortiz, a medalist in the Liga Atlética Interuniversitaria de Puerto Rico as an amateur wrestler, began training there interested in following the family's trade.

Nowadays, Ortiz (who also has a background in Brazilian jiu-jitsu) works as a personal trainer in Definition Elite Fitness. Having previously worked as a trainer in a professional wrestling school based in his grandfather's Vikingo Power Gym, he opened the Espíritu Pro Wrestling Dojo in 2018, where additional seminars are hosted by international talents. Among his alumni is Olympic silver medalist Jaime Espinal, who was approached by WWE after beginning his classes. Ortiz has continued training the freestyle wrestler since then, preparing him for a tryout held in March 2017 and afterwards.

References

1990 births
Masked wrestlers
Sportspeople from Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestling trainers
Living people
21st-century professional wrestlers
WWC Puerto Rico Champions

Mike Mendoza (wrestler)