is a decision of the House of Lords. It is part of the common law of England and Wales.

The case concerns foreseeability of psychiatric damage and creates an important distinction between primary and secondary victims in the English law of negligence relating to the recovery of such damage.

Facts
The plaintiff, Mr Page, was involved in a minor car accident, and was physically unhurt in the collision. However the crash did result in a recurrence of myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome) from which he had suffered for 20 years but was then in remission. The defendant admitted that he had been negligent, but said he was not liable for the psychiatric damage as it was unforeseeable and therefore not recoverable as a head of damage.

Judgment
The leading judgment was given by Lord Lloyd of Berwick who, following from the factual distinction made by Lord Oliver in Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire, held that Mr Page was a primary victim.  Mr Page had been directly involved in the accident, and therefore his case was of a different nature than those that had come previously before the House of Lords.  His Lordship held that this factual distinction also had legal consequences, those being that the restrictions that were put in place in order to limit the extent of the defendant's duty to secondary victims, did not apply to Mr Page's case.  Therefore, it did not have to be shown that nervous shock or psychiatric injury needed to be a foreseeable consequence of what happened - Mr Page only had to show that a personal injury (describing a broader type of damage) was a foreseeable consequence.

In the case of direct victims, their Lordships said the following test should be applied: "Could the defendant reasonably foresee that his conduct would expose the plaintiff to the risk of personal injury, psychological or physical?" If the answer was yes, it would be irrelevant that the extent of the damage was unforeseeable because the plaintiff had special sensitivities - the rule founded in other nervous shock cases that the plaintiff should be of reasonable fortitude was found to be irrelevant. This is based on the eggshell skull rule, that is, one "takes the plaintiff as one finds him". Consequently, the defendant was found liable for the nervous shock suffered by Mr Page.

The majority judgment has been critically received by most academics.  The minority followed the decision of the Court of Appeal, finding that in all cases of psychiatric injury the test in establishing a duty of care was whether the kind of damage (psychiatric damage) was foreseeable and not just whether or not it was foreseeable that harm (of any type) might come to the plaintiff.  This is to be judged ex post facto, taking into account what actually happened.  When establishing a duty, the plaintiff's unusual susceptibility is of relevance to the question of duty - once it is established that the type of damage (nervous shock) is foreseeable, then the 'eggshell personality' rule comes into operation, and the exact nature and extent of that damage need not have been foreseeable.

The minority found that in the circumstances - a moderate collision where neither Mr Page or Mr Smith and his passengers suffered any physical injuries and where vehicular damage was only moderate - that nervous shock was not foreseeable. It does not follow that whenever there is physical injury that psychiatric injury will be foreseeable, therefore, the test is based on the type of damage.

The rule created in Page v Smith was later restricted (Rothwell v Chemical & Insulating Co) to apply only to cases where the complainant suffers psychiatric illness as an immediate result of the incident - a mere endangerment resulting in worry which later turns into psychiatric illness does not suffice.

See also
Nervous shock (English Law)

References

English tort case law
House of Lords cases
English psychiatric injury case law
1995 in United Kingdom case law

Page v Smith


The Scottsboro Boys were 9 African-American boys of 13 to 20 years old. They lived in Alabama. In the 1930s, they were accused of a rape that they did not do and they were punished for it. A jury found them guilty even though the woman who accused them of rape admitted during the trial that it did not happen.

American civil rights

Scottsboro Boys


The Deutsche Rentenbank was a bank established in Germany by a regulation of 15 October 1923 as a state-owned monetary authority authorised to issue Rentenmark currency notes following the collapse of the private Reichsbank's Papiermark currency.  The Rentenbank reserves consisted of mortgages against leading industrial properties and the German public accepted these reserves as being sound.  This meant that the monetary crisis caused by the public's lack of confidence in the currency of the Reichsbank waned and the hyperinflation ceased.  The Rentenmarks continued to be accepted as currency in Germany until 1947.

External links
 Act creating the Deutschen Rentenbank Reichsgzetzblatt Teil I, 17 October 1923

Banks of Germany

Deutsche Rentenbank


Richard G. Hubler (born Richard Gibson Hubler; 20 August 1912 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania – 21 October 1981 in Ojai, California), was an American screenwriter, military author, and writer of biographies, fiction, and non-fiction. However, his best-known work is the 1965 autobiography he ghostwrote for Ronald Reagan, Where's the Rest of Me?.

Biography
Hubler attended Wyoming Seminary then graduated from Swarthmore College in 1934. Hubler began writing for many magazines. In 1941 he wrote his first biography Lou Gehrig: The Iron Horse of Baseball followed by I Flew for China in 1942, a biography of Chiang Kai-shek's personal pilot.

He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in December 1942.  He served for three years in the Corps obtaining the rank of captain.  He wrote many articles for the Marine Corps Gazette one of which criticised the American military's awarding of decorations Winning Medals and Alienating People.  Hubler also published a World War II history of Marine Aviation Flying Leathernecks: The Complete History of Marine Corps Aviation 1941–1944 in 1944.

After the war, Hubler used his Marine experience as inspiration for his first novel published in 1946  I've Got Mine that was filmed as Beachhead in 1954.  It was republished as Walk Into Hell in 1963.  Hubler became a Hollywood Scriptwriter with a screenplay based on Jim Corbett's Man-Eaters of Kumaon.  This led him to be signed as a scriptwriter for Belsam Productions to write a trio of films for Tom Conway.

In addition to Reagan's autobiography, he also wrote SAC: The Strategic Air Command (1958), St. Louis Woman with Helen Traubel (1959), Big Eight: A Biography of an Airplane (1960) Straight Up: The Story of Vertical Flight (1961) and The Cole Porter Story as told to Richard G. Hubler (1965).

In February 1954 he had a piece entitled Dogs Are Dumb published in Coronet magazine, relating the lack of intelligence in dogs.  He quickly became deluged by irate dog-owners' correspondence and can be heard making an apologetic appearance on the 19 May 1954 edition of You Bet Your Life defending his opinion and stating that he owned a dog himself.

Hubler was commissioned by Walt Disney Productions and the Disney family to prepare a biography of Walt Disney shortly after Disney's death, which he researched and wrote during 1967–1968. Upon submission he was paid a contractual penalty and the manuscript never saw print. "No comments, no reasons, no nothing at all", Hubler stated to animation historian Michael Barrier as to why it remained unpublished. Animation historian Wade Sampson notes when Bob Thomas some years later was engaged to write what became Walt Disney: An American Original, Disney executives explained that "two other writers had tried their hand at writing the official biography but both of the attempts had proven unsatisfactory."

A number of the interviews Hubler conducted on Disney have been published in the book series Walt's People edited by Didier Ghez.

Hubler's papers are held by the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. This includes the manuscript of the unpublished Disney biography and much material from its preparation. Many of the interview transcripts are also held by the Disney Archives.

He died of Parkinson's disease.

References

External links

1912 births
1981 deaths
People from Dunmore, Pennsylvania
American male screenwriters
American male biographers
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
20th-century American biographers
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
Military personnel from Pennsylvania

Richard G. Hubler


Dale Abbey is a village and civil parish in the borough of Erewash in Derbyshire in the East Midlands of England, 6 miles north east of Derby. The population of the civil parish on the 2011 census was 1,351. Formerly known as Depedale or Deepdale, the village contains the remains of an abbey founded in the 12th or 13th century.

The north-west corner of the village is separately named as Dale, while the north-east corner is separately named as Dale Moor.

The Abbey

The Augustinian canons moved to Dale Abbey in 1162 from their previous home at Calke Abbey. A few years later they were replaced by Premonstratensian canons from Tupholme and finally, a few years after this, by another group of Premonstratensians from Welbeck. All these attempts failed, primarily due to the isolation of the area and the lack of good arable land amidst the thick woodlands. From around the year 1199, the Abbey became well established enough—and with the acquisition of further lands, tithes and other properties—to survive for the next 340 years. Although a relatively large establishment, the abbey was home to no more than 24 canons. The Abbey provided priests at Ilkeston, Heanor, Kirk Hallam and Stanton by Dale. The Abbey owned around  of land. Much would have been leased or rented out or used for grazing or for the production of produce for the residents of the Abbey.

In 1539, the Act of Dissolution brought an end to almost four centuries of monastic life in the Dale. The remains comprise a 40-foot-high chancel window. Excavations have shown the church to have possessed transepts 100 feet in length, a crossing tower, a cloister 85 feet square and a nave of unknown length. Some of the remains of the building can be found in houses around the village. The last Abbot of Dale Abbey, John Bebe, died in 1540.

Sir Francis Pole of Radbourne took possession of Dale Abbey. The furnishings and fittings were either gradually sold off or stripped out and installed in other churches. Morley Church became home to some of the stained and painted glass, floor tiles and an entire porchway. The ornately carved font cover was installed in St Andrew's Church, Radbourne, while Chaddesden received a window frame. The font eventually found its way back to All Saints' Church, Dale Abbey in 1884, and the slabs upon which the canons walked for so many centuries can be found in the grounds of the church at the Moravian Settlement at Ockbrook.

Dale Abbey is recorded as the site of the "Wedding of Allan-A-Dale", the third of the stories of Robin Hood.

It is thought that the tenor bell of Derby Cathedral originally belonged to Dale Abbey, and was sold at the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

The village

The Church of All Saints, at just 26 by 25 feet, is probably one of the smallest in the country. It shares a roof with an adjoining farmhouse. Dating from the mid-12th century, it was altered in 1480. It contains a pulpit from 1634. The adjoining farmhouse may have been used as an infirmary for the Abbey. For some time before 1820 it was used as a pub called the Blue Bell, the bar being used as a vestry, with a door into the aisle. It was rebuilt in 1883. "...it is said the village inn was anciently under the same roof, and there was a door in the wall leading from the gallery into the house, through which the worshippers were accustomed to steal to refresh themselves." Furthermore, "The clergyman used to dress in the bar of the Blue Bell inn and enter the church through a now-blocked door."

Behind the church is an area of woodland. In the wood is Hermit Cave, hewn out of the sandstone cliff by a 12th-century Derby baker who wished to live a life as a recluse. It is well preserved, measuring 6 yards by 3 with a doorway, two windows, a peephole and a niche for a light.

The Carpenters' Arms opened in 1880 and the Methodist Chapel opened in 1902.

The mill

The Cat and Fiddle Mill is a post mill situated close to the village (). It has a small round house and covered platform at the top of the ladder.

Blue Bell Inn and the Methodist society of Dale Abbey
The Blue Bell Inn was part of the old oratory, which is now the church and farmhouse at Dale Abbey. Before relocating to the Carpenter's Arms, the old Blue Bell Inn was the source of religious discord among the villagers of Dale Abbey. Rev Joseph Thorpe Milner wrote in his Memoirs of the rev. Joseph Hollingworth, "that there was a door in the wall, leading from the gallery into the house, through which, in ancient times worshippers were accustomed to steal to refresh themselves." Milner suggests that the ancient villagers of Dale Abbey became divided on matters of religion. Many in the village prescribed to the instructions found in the King's Book of Sports, published in 1618.  The Book of Sports suggested that following the Sunday service that peoples of England should "indulge in such recreations as dancing, archery, morrice dances, may-poles and other such amusements."

For many others in the village, they were influenced by the purist religious teachings of Rev. John Hieron M.A., the Rector from Breadsall in 1644. The Rector of Breadsall had established a monthly lecture at Dale Abbey until his ejection from the Established Church for non-conformity. From this time on there was a strong devotion by the villagers of Dale Abbey to the Christian Faith.

The old Dale family of Hollingworth had been the publicans of the Blue Bell Inn and later established the Carpenters Arms. In 1771, the first of John Wesley's ministry, Mr. S. Bardsley began calling upon Dale Abbey and the Hollingworth family. Soon afterwards a society of Methodists was formed. Rev J. Taylor of the Methodist movement made comment that Mr. (William) Hollingworth became one of the first members of the Methodist Society to form in Dale Abbey in 1786. Mr. Hollingworth's grandson Rev. Joseph Hollingworth was to later become one of the more notable Methodist ministers to circuit the Midlands between 1802 and 1836. Before the construction of the Methodists' chapel at Dale Abbey, an attentive congregation used to attend the barn of Mr. Joseph Hollingworth senior of Dale. The Hollingworth family of Dale originally came from the neighbouring village of Breadsall where they were publicans of the Old Hall Inn. This family are a junior scion of the Hollingworths of Hollingworth Hall in Cheshire, who descend directly from 1240 to this time. Rev. Peter Hollingworth AC, OBE, Archbishop of Brisbane and the 23rd Governor-General of Australia, is a direct descendant of the Hollingworths of Dale Abbey.

See also
Listed buildings in Dale Abbey

References

External links

 Dale Abbey at WikiMapia.

Religious organizations established in the 1160s
Monasteries in Derbyshire
Augustinian monasteries in England
Premonstratensian monasteries in England
Villages in Derbyshire
Grade I listed buildings in Derbyshire
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Civil parishes in Derbyshire
1160s establishments in England
Ruined abbeys and monasteries
Ruins in Derbyshire
Grade I listed monasteries
Grade I listed ruins
Borough of Erewash
Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation

Dale Abbey


"Already Gone" is a song by the recording artist Kelly Clarkson from her 2009 record All I Ever Wanted. This was the third single from that album to be released. The song is about the breakup of a relationship. Its release was surrounded by controversy: Clarkson said the arrangement used for the song was strongly similar to the 2008 song Halo from singer Beyoncé and feared the public would say Clarkson had stolen it. Despite this, however, the song received strong praise from critics, and Already Gone became one of the highlights from All I Ever Wanted. On the Billboard Hot 100 the single peaked at #13.

2009 songs
2000s ballads
Pop ballads
Kelly Clarkson songs

Already Gone


The Memotech MTX500 and MTX512 were a range of 8-bit Zilog Z80A based home computers released by the British company Memotech in 1983 and sold mainly in the UK, France, Germany and Scandinavia. Originally a manufacturer of memory add-ons for Sinclair machines, Memotech developed their own competing computer when it was perceived the expansion pack business would no longer be viable.

The Memotech machines were technically similar to, although not compatible with, the MSX standard, making use of the same CPU and video chip. The machines were particularly distinguished from other microcomputers available at the time by the generous maximum memory ceiling. The 500 and 512 models could be expanded internally up to 512K, an unusually large amount of RAM in 1983 for a computer aimed at home use.

The MTX range saw the addition of the RS128 in 1984 which was a similar machine but with more memory. The machines achieved only modest sales, not assisted by the unfortunate timing of being released shortly before a period of reducing interest in UK home micro purchases through 1984, when a number of other British micro manufacturers entered financial difficulties. The MTX was selling into a highly competitive space, with the much cheaper Sinclair ZX Spectrum finding favour with home users, the BBC Micro conquering the education market and the IBM PC making inroads into becoming a standard for business.

The prospect of a very large contract with the Soviet Union was on the horizon by 1985 and a Russian version of the machine was designed, complete with a bright red case. This could have been the saviour of the range but ultimately the deal fell through and Memotech entered bankruptcy. The company was subsequently relaunched and the final version of the machine was the MTX512 Series 2 released in 1986, produced mainly as a way of using up stocks of parts before the business moved on to other ventures.

The MTX512 (together with the FDX floppy drive peripheral) is remembered for an appearance in the 1985 comedy movie Weird Science where it had a central role in the plot, being used to conjure the character Lisa played by Kelly LeBrock.

Technical Specifications
The MTX500 was fitted as standard with 32 KB of user RAM, while the MTX512 had 64KB, and the RS128 had 128KB. An additional 16KB of dedicated video RAM was also present. By contrast, many other machines of the era used a non-trivial fraction of the advertised total memory for video display and the RAM available to the user was less than it may have seemed.

All machines had a Zilog Z80A CPU running at 4 MHz which could only address a maximum of 64KB at any one time, larger amounts of RAM were accessed through bank switching.

The machine featured TMS9918 or 9928 graphic chips, providing a 256 x 192 resolution, 16 color display and up to 32 sprites.  A SN76489A sound chip generated 3 voices plus a pink noise channel with a 6 octave range.

The system interfaces offered were a Centronics printer port, two joystick ports, a proprietary Z80 bus edge connector (which doubled as a cartridge port), 2400 baud cassette ports (mic and ear), RF for use with a TV, composite monitor outputs and an audio jack. An "uncommitted" generic I/O port was available but there was no external connector, this was supplied from a DIL socket on the motherboard. There was one internal expansion slot that could accept two expansion cards via daisy chaining. An optional "communications" board was available for use with the internal slot, which added two 19,200 baud RS-232 interfaces and an interface for the FDX disk peripheral.

Networking was supported over RS-232 via the communications board and up to 255 MTX machines could be connected with the MTX "Node/Ring" system.

All models had 24KB of ROM accessible in the first 16KB of address space. The extra 8KB of ROM was available through bank switching. The ROM could be switched out entirely, allowing the full 16-bit address space to be used for RAM.

The Memotech series featured an aluminium case and full-size 79-key keyboard with mechanical full-travel keys. This was a distinctive feature as many competing home computers of the time used a cost-reduced chiclet, membrane or rubber keyboard that was difficult to type on.

Software
An MTX variant of the BASIC language interpreter was supplied on ROM as standard, which was a user expectation in the mid 80s for a home computer. The BASIC had extended graphics commands and also integrated support for turtle graphics in the style of the Logo language used in education.

A Z80 assembler/disassembler was also included. The source and object versions of machine code programs occupied the same space in RAM allowing for storage within less memory. Machine code could also be mixed arbitrarily with BASIC to enhance software performance. This was a rarer feature, but was seen in the BASIC of some other contemporary machines such as the BBC Micro and Camputers Lynx. A machine code monitor was included called Front Panel that could be used for debugging programs. Monitors were popular in the 1970s as a method of interacting with computers but were a less common standard feature when the Memotech was released.

A novel proprietary programming language called MTX Noddy was available in ROM that was a card based information retrieval system somewhat similar in concept to HyperCard. A set of cards can be filled with arbitrary information using an integrated text editor (the user can type anywhere on the screen) and then saved for later retrieval by name. A simplified Noddy programming language aimed at novices allows the cards to be linked together with logic steps based on if/else statements. The user can be asked questions and based on the typed response, the Noddy program then advances to another card. From this software such as simple databases, an expert system or text adventure games could be constructed. Noddy cards could also be integrated with BASIC. The name of the software is a reference to British slang, meaning simple or trivial.

The Memotech supported "virtual screens" which were a form of primitive window. Areas of the screen could be defined that operated independently and the user could switch between them for different tasks. The output of a program could be directed to one user defined window and then the output of a different program to another window. The Memotech did not use a mouse, window size and position on the screen was controlled using commands. While the concept had been previously invented, windowing support was an uncommon feature for a personal computer in 1983. The Macintosh and subsequent Microsoft Windows that popularised the windowing user interface style would not be released until later years.

The MTX could run the CP/M operating system and a license for CP/M 2.2 was included with the purchase of the optional FDX and HDX disk peripherals. Use of CP/M enabled compatibility with a large library of existing software applications and enabled the machine to be a viable business proposition. At this time, the soon to be dominant MS-DOS was only at the beginning of its ascent and CP/M was a widely popular platform for software releases.

Peripherals
The FDX (Floppy Disk Expansion) was a data storage peripheral with space for expansion cards. The device could be used with any of the machines in the range but at least 64 KB of RAM was needed, necessitating an upgrade for the Memotech 500 model, and required the optional communications board to which it attached with a ribbon cable. It was sold with either one or two 5.25" floppy disk drives installed and contained a SASI interface supporting up to four drives in total. The system also supported older 8" floppy drives. Four RAM disk cards (referred to as silicon disks) could be added within the FDX chassis, each with up to 8 MB of storage, providing 32 MB of solid state storage in total. These cards could emulate drives accessible by CP/M with the intent of accelerating software performance versus running software from mechanical disks. In contrast to modern SSDs, these disks were volatile meaning the data was lost when power is removed.

An optional colour 80 column x 24 row video card could also be added to the FDX unit, a display mode which was often perceived as important for running popular business software such as WordStar and SuperCalc, but was not natively supported by the MTX system. A novel feature was multiple monitor support, which was rare for a 1980s personal computer. The MTX internal video could be output simultaneously with the FDX video output. This enabled e.g. a program listing to be displayed on one monitor with the output of the program on another. The card also offered teletext character compatibility, a 160 x 96 graphics mode and supported a light pen.

With the addition of the FDX peripheral, the MTX resembled a desktop PC configuration but the system logic was mostly contained within the keyboard and the FDX unit was principally a storage add-on.

A variant of the FDX called the HDX was produced, that was sold with a 5 - 20 MB hard disk combined with a single 5.25" floppy drive. A small SDX disk controller peripheral was also manufactured that allowed connection of external floppy drive units. A version was also available that had a 3.5" drive integrated. These units did not require the communications board and plugged into the left side edge connector.

A Memotech monitor was made available around the time of the FDX launch together with a branded cassette deck and a Memotech printer with the part number DMX80, which was a rebadged Panasonic model.

A high resolution graphics adapter was available in 1984 called the HRX that could display close to true colour (218 colours) images at up to standard definition television resolutions and enabled frame capture from a video camera. This video mode was well beyond that typically offered on personal computers of the era. The attached MTX computer delivered image manipulation features such as scale, rotate, blur, sharpen, edge detection and contrast adjustment. It could also overlay painted vector graphics onto the image. The HRX adapter was supplied as a separate chassis containing the video interface ADC/DAC circuitry, additional RAM and a controller. An HRX system was priced at £4,500 (in 1984) and would form the basis of Memotech's later video wall business.

References

External links

 MTX information and reviews - some text , content mostly
 MTX family at old-computers.com
 Review of MTX512 originally from Creative Computing
 Memotech MTX 512 - The Russian Schools Bid

Early microcomputers
Z80-based home computers
Home computers
Computers designed in the United Kingdom

Memotech MTX


Adrift may refer to:

Media
 Adrift (band), a Tampa, Florida-based American heavy rock band
 Adrift (video game), a first-person adventure video game
 "Adrift", a song by God Is an Astronaut from the album Ghost Tapes #10
 "Adrift," a song by Barenaked Ladies from the album Barenaked Ladies Are Me (2006)

Film
 Adrift (1911 film), a 1911 American silent short drama film
 Adrift (2009 Brazilian film), a 2009 Brazilian drama film directed by Heitor Dhalia
 Adrift (2009 Vietnamese film), a 2009 Vietnamese film directed by Bui Thac Chuyen
 Adrift (2018 film), an American romantic drama film
 Open Water 2: Adrift, a 2006 psychological horror film

Literature
 Adrift, a 1980 memoir by Tristan Jones
 Adrift: Seventy-six Days Lost at Sea, a 1986 memoir by Steven Callahan
 Adrift: America in 100 Charts, a 2020 book by Scott Galloway

Television
 Adrift, a 1993 television film starring Kate Jackson
 "Adrift" (Lost), the second episode of the second season of Lost
 "Adrift" (Stargate Atlantis), the 61st episode of the science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis
 "Adrift" (Torchwood), the eleventh episode of the second series of British science fiction television series Torchwood
 "Adrift", a 2020 episode of the animated series 12 oz. Mouse
 "Adrift" (The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power), an episode of the first season of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power

Other
 ADRIFT, a graphical user interface used to create and play text adventures
 Adrift, a ship direction meaning floating in the water without propulsion

Adrift


The Redmont Hotel Birmingham, or simply the Redmont Hotel, is a 14-story-tall (), 120-room boutique hotel and conference center located on the corner of 5th Avenue North and 21st Street in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. The Redmont, named after Birmingham's Red Mountain is the oldest hotel in Birmingham still in use. It is currently owned by Bayshore Company Tampa, Florida, is managed by Rhaglan Hospitality LLC, and operates as a historic boutique hotel under the Curio Collection by Hilton brand.

History
The Redmont was opened on May 1, 1925, as a 200-room hotel with plans by architect G. Lloyd Preacher of Atlanta, Georgia. It was unusual at its time for having a private bath attached to every room as well as chilled water and ceiling fans. The "Rainbow Room" lounge debuted in 1937 and became the watering hole for an informal group of influential persons called the "Knothole Gang".

In 1946 the hotel was purchased by businessman and hotel magnate Clifford Stiles. In 1947 Stiles converted the entire top floor into a New York-style penthouse apartment for himself and his family. This elegant penthouse was complete with terraces, private elevator, a lawn for pets and was the scene of many glamorous parties. Some say that Stiles, who died in 1975, still haunts the building. In 1952, singer Hank Williams spent his last night in the Redmont on an uncompleted trip from Montgomery to Charleston, West Virginia. One of the suites earned the moniker "the Lucky Governor's Suite" when it served as the local headquarters for the successful Jim Folsom and George Wallace gubernatorial campaigns of the 1940s, '50s and 60s.

After decades of decline, the hotel was purchased in 1983 by an investment group made up of NBA players, including Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ralph Sampson. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 27 of that year. A $7 million renovation led to a grand re-opening in 1985. Another refurbishment in 2000 uncovered previously hidden architectural details and cleaned the exterior.

In April 2006 the Redmont's ownership group announced plans to convert its two uppermost floors into nine one- and two-bedroom condominia with another luxury condominium in the penthouse. The condominia would have included hotel services such as housecleaning, valet parking, room service, security and bellhop assistance as well as access to the fitness center. Other plans included adding a coffee bar or doughnut shop at ground level. The owners also dropped their association with Crowne Plaza and began operating the hotel as an independent hotel. Due to the economic environment resulting from the Great Recession, the 2006 renovation plans were indefinitely suspended.

Current status

Following the award of Alabama State Historic Tax Credits in October, 2013, the hotel underwent a multimillion-dollar restoration which began in 2014. The restoration of the Redmont was assisted with financial contributions from the Alabama Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits and $400,000 in tax incentives from the City of Birmingham. Interior designer Natalie Toy was commissioned to plan the interior design of the building. The work, contracted to local company Stewart Perry, included completely updating all guest rooms, and adding a new independently operated restaurant and bar, along with a café.

The hotel reopened as part of the "Curio Collection by Hilton" brand on March 8, 2016.

The Redmont Hotel in Birmingham now consists of 11 floors with 120 guest rooms.

Footnotes

Additional references
 Williams, Roy L. (April 12, 2006) "Redmont Hotel top floors going condo". Birmingham News.
 Bosley, Anita S. (September 1, 2000) "Building holds clues to '20s-era Birmingham". Birmingham Business Journal.

National Register of Historic Places in Birmingham, Alabama
Hotel buildings completed in 1925
Skyscraper hotels in Birmingham, Alabama
Hotels established in 1925
G. Lloyd Preacher buildings
Chicago school architecture in the United States
1925 establishments in Alabama

Redmont Hotel


The 2004 Holiday Bowl was the third bowl game (also the second of three in California) played of the 2004–05 bowl season on December 30, 2004. The game was held at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, pitting the Pac-10's California Golden Bears and the Big 12's Texas Tech Red Raiders. Cal was edged out for a BCS bowl berth by Texas in the last week of the regular season.

Teams

In 2004 Cal posted a 10–1 record under head coach Jeff Tedford and quarterback Aaron Rodgers, with their only regular season loss coming against the eventual national champion, USC. They finished the regular season ranked No. 4 according to polls, and appeared to have an excellent chance to receive an at-large BCS bowl berth, most likely in the Rose Bowl.  Under normal circumstances, the Bears, as Pac-10 runner-up, would have had first crack at a Rose Bowl berth since conference champion USC was playing for the national championship.

The Bears entered their final game of the regular season ranked No. 4 in BCS standings and a 24-point favorite over Southern Miss. They won 26–16 in a closer than-expected game. With 13 seconds left in the game and Cal with the ball at the Southern Miss 22-yard, Tedford elected to run out the clock instead of attempting to increase the margin of victory to possibly impress some voters. Leading up to the game, Tedford  said he had no interest to run up the score.

In a controversial case, the Texas coach Mack Brown made impassioned pleas to media asking poll voters reconsider their final votes. Several Associated Press (AP) voters were besieged by fan emails and phone calls attempting to sway their votes, apparently spurred from Brown's pleas to rank Texas ahead of other "less deserving teams." Nine of the 65 AP voters switched Texas ahead of Cal, and three of them were from Texas. In the Coaches Poll, four voters moved Cal down to No. 7 and two to No. 8, when the week before none had them lower than No. 6. Meanwhile, two coaches moved Texas up to No. 3 when the team did not play that week. The Los Angeles Times wrote that accusations were raised about coaches manipulated voting, but the individual coaches votes were not released to prove or disprove the allegations. The AP Poll makes its voters' records public. No. 6 Texas gained 23 points on No. 4 Cal in the AP poll, and the fifth-ranked Longhorns closed 43 points on the fourth-ranked Bears in the coaches poll. That allowed Texas to earn a BCS berth, finishing .0129 points ahead of Cal in the BCS standings after being .0013 points behind. The Longhorns went on to beat Michigan 38–37 in the Rose Bowl. In part because of the controversy with Cal's BCS ranking, the AP poll withdrew from the BCS after the season.

Texas Tech entered the game with a 7–4 overall record and a 5–3 record in the Big XII. The Red Raiders entered the game with the top-ranked passing offense in the NCAA, averaging just over 399 yards per game, and with the NCAA season leader in passing yardage, Sonny Cumbie.  Earlier in the season, Tech had shown its offensive prowess with a 70–10 victory over Nebraska, the most points ever given up by Nebraska in the team's history.

Game summary
Cal played well at first, finishing the first quarter with a 14–7 lead. However, the Texas Tech passing assault exploded after that.  In the second and third quarters, the Red Raiders outscored the Bears 31–3, going on to record the biggest upset of the bowl season. Red Raiders quarterback Sonny Cumbie torched the Bears defense for 520 passing yards, going 40-for-60 with three touchdowns and no interceptions. The brightest spot for Cal was running back J.J. Arrington, who ran for 173 yards and a touchdown, making him only the third Pac-10 running back to reach 2,000 yards rushing in a season.

Tech got on the board first with a touchdown pass from Sonny Cumbie to Jarrett Hicks, but the Bears responded with two touchdowns on runs by J.J. Arrington and Marshawn Lynch to go up 14–7 in the first quarter. The Red Raiders outscored the Bears 17–0 in the second quarter, with an Alex Trlica field goal, a touchdown run by Taurean Henderson, and another Cumbie-to-Hicks touchdown pass.  Cumbie's second touchdown pass came three plays after Tech's Vincent Meeks intercepted an Aaron Rodgers pass and returned it 48 yards to California's 22-yard line. Meeks was named the Defensive MVP of the game.

In the second half, Tech took the opening kickoff and marched 85 yards in just four plays, scoring on a 60-yard catch and run by Joel Filani to make the score 31–14. Tech's Johnny Mack scored on an 11-yard run later in the third quarter as the Red Raiders took a 38–17 lead into the fourth quarter.  California's Aaron Rodgers threw for one touchdown and ran for another in the fourth quarter, but Texas Tech added their final touchdown on a Taurean Henderson run that capped a 12-play drive covering 74 yards.

References

Holiday Bowl
Holiday Bowl
California Golden Bears football bowl games
Texas Tech Red Raiders football bowl games
Holiday Bowl
December 2004 sports events in the United States

2004 Holiday Bowl


琪寶製藥有限公司,(Christo Pharmaceuticals Limited),總公司在香港荃灣沙咀道荃運工業中心,而製藥工廠在廣東省廣州南沙經濟技術開發區。

 琪寶製藥香港成立於1973年的香港,客戶包括香港公立醫院。成品分為片劑、膠囊、口服液、抗生素、藥膏等包裝。

Christo Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has a history of wholesale and distribution of pharmaceutical products in Hong Kong since 1973. They have over 300 registered pharmaceutical products, including tablet, capsule, oral liquid and topical preparations manufactured from varies countries.

Over the last 40 years, tey had developed their sales and marketing team and also an experienced delivery service teams to provide the most efficient and high standard service to their clients.

Their Mission

They aim to provide pharmaceutical products and services of consistently with superior quality at price levels that are fair and competitive.

Their Core Value

The Company is founded on 3 major components which form the basic of their relationships with their customers and business partners.

Focus – They commit themselves to focus their business and services within pharmaceutical industry to serve the best to their community.

Continuity – They commit themselves to continually improve the performance of the company and the quality of their work with trust and integrity.

Innovative – They commit themselves to understand and meet the changing requirements and expectations of their customers through teamwork.

The Company Motto:

" QUALITY from our HEARTS, The PROMISE of SUCCESS "

Their Customers

Their customers are from both public and private hospitals, doctors, dentists, veterinary clinics, key chain and all individuals' pharmacies. They also have a long term business partner to cover the needs in Macau area.

Their Quality Services

As a pharmaceutical company for nearly 40 years in Hong Kong, They highly observe the quality of their products in order to gain trust from all of their clients. They are willing to try their best to meet the public needs.

外部參考
 琪寶藥廠
[www.christo.com.hk]

藥品制劑分銷及制药公司

琪寶製藥


In algebra, a module homomorphism is a function between modules that preserves the module structures. Explicitly, if M and N are left modules over a ring R, then a function  is called an R-module homomorphism or an R-linear map if for any x, y in M and r in R,

In other words, f is a group homomorphism (for the underlying additive groups) that commutes with scalar multiplication. If M, N are right R-modules, then the second condition is replaced with

The preimage of the zero element under f is called the kernel of f. The set of all module homomorphisms from M to N is denoted by . It is an abelian group (under pointwise addition) but is not necessarily a module unless R is commutative.

The composition of module homomorphisms is again a module homomorphism, and the identity map on a module is a module homomorphism. Thus, all the (say left) modules together with all the module homomorphisms between them form the category of modules.

Terminology
A module homomorphism is called a module isomorphism if it admits an inverse homomorphism; in particular, it is a bijection. Conversely, one can show a bijective module homomorphism is an isomorphism; i.e., the inverse is a module homomorphism. In particular, a module homomorphism is an isomorphism if and only if it is an isomorphism between the underlying abelian groups.

The isomorphism theorems hold for module homomorphisms.

A module homomorphism from a module M to itself is called an endomorphism and an isomorphism from M to itself an automorphism. One writes  for the set of all endomorphisms of a module M. It is not only an abelian group but is also a ring with multiplication given by function composition, called the endomorphism ring of M. The group of units of this ring is the automorphism group of M.

Schur's lemma says that a homomorphism between simple modules (modules with no non-trivial submodules) must be either zero or an isomorphism. In particular, the endomorphism ring of a simple module is a division ring.

In the language of the category theory, an injective homomorphism is also called a monomorphism and a surjective homomorphism an epimorphism.

Examples
The zero map M → N that maps every element to zero.
A linear transformation between vector spaces.
.
For a commutative ring R and ideals I, J, there is the canonical identification

given by . In particular,  is the annihilator of I.
Given a ring R and an element r, let  denote the left multiplication by r. Then for any s, t in R,
.
That is,  is right R-linear.
For any ring R,
 as rings when R is viewed as a right module over itself. Explicitly, this isomorphism is given by the left regular representation .
Similarly,  as rings when R is viewed as a left module over itself. Textbooks or other references usually specify which convention is used.
 through  for any left module M. (The module structure on Hom here comes from the right R-action on R; see #Module structures on Hom below.)
 is called the dual module of M; it is a left (resp. right) module if M is a right (resp. left) module over R with the module structure coming from the R-action on R. It is denoted by .
Given a ring homomorphism R → S of commutative rings and an S-module M, an R-linear map θ: S → M is called a derivation if for any f, g in S, .
If S, T are unital associative algebras over a ring R, then an algebra homomorphism from S to T is a ring homomorphism that is also an R-module homomorphism.

Module structures on Hom
In short, Hom inherits a ring action that was not used up to form Hom. More precise, let M, N be left R-modules. Suppose M has a right action of a ring S that commutes with the R-action; i.e., M is an (R, S)-module. Then

has the structure of a left S-module defined by: for s in S and x in M,

It is well-defined (i.e.,  is R-linear) since

and  is a ring action since
.

Note: the above verification would "fail" if one used the left R-action in place of the right S-action. In this sense, Hom is often said to "use up" the R-action.

Similarly, if M is a left R-module and N is an (R, S)-module, then  is a right S-module by .

A matrix representation
The relationship between matrices and linear transformations in linear algebra generalizes in a natural way to module homomorphisms between free modules. Precisely, given a right R-module U, there is the canonical isomorphism of the abelian groups

obtained by viewing  consisting of column vectors and then writing f as an m × n matrix. In particular, viewing R as a right R-module and using , one has
,
which turns out to be a ring isomorphism (as a composition corresponds to a matrix multiplication).

Note the above isomorphism is canonical; no choice is involved. On the other hand, if one is given a module homomorphism between finite-rank free modules, then a choice of an ordered basis corresponds to a choice of an isomorphism . The above procedure then gives the matrix representation with respect to such choices of the bases. For more general modules, matrix representations may either lack uniqueness or not exist.

Defining
In practice, one often defines a module homomorphism by specifying its values on a generating set. More precisely, let M and N be left R-modules. Suppose a subset S generates M; i.e., there is a surjection  with a free module F with a basis indexed by S and kernel K (i.e., one has a free presentation). Then to give a module homomorphism  is to give a module homomorphism  that kills K (i.e., maps K to zero).

Operations
If  and  are module homomorphisms, then their direct sum is

and their tensor product is

Let  be a module homomorphism between left modules. The graph Γf of f is the submodule of M ⊕ N given by
,
which is the image of the module homomorphism

The transpose of f is

If f is an isomorphism, then the transpose of the inverse of f is called the contragredient of f.

Exact sequences
Consider a sequence of module homomorphisms

Such a sequence is called a chain complex (or often just complex) if each composition is zero; i.e.,  or equivalently the image of  is contained in the kernel of . (If the numbers increase instead of decrease, then it is called a cochain complex; e.g., de Rham complex.) A chain complex is called an exact sequence if . A special case of an exact sequence is a short exact sequence:

where  is injective, the kernel of  is the image of  and  is surjective.

Any module homomorphism  defines an exact sequence

where  is the kernel of , and  is the cokernel, that is the quotient of  by the image of .

In the case of modules over a commutative ring, a sequence is exact if and only if it is exact at all the maximal ideals; that is all sequences

are exact, where the subscript  means the localization at a maximal ideal .

If  are module homomorphisms, then they are said to form a fiber square (or pullback square), denoted by M ×B N, if it fits into

where .

Example: Let  be commutative rings, and let I be the annihilator of the quotient B-module A/B (which is an ideal of A). Then canonical maps  form a fiber square with

Endomorphisms of finitely generated modules
Let  be an endomorphism between finitely generated R-modules for a commutative ring R. Then
 is killed by its characteristic polynomial relative to the generators of M; see Nakayama's lemma#Proof.
If  is surjective, then it is injective.

See also: Herbrand quotient (which can be defined for any endomorphism with some finiteness conditions.)

Variant: additive relations

An additive relation  from a module M to a module N is a submodule of  In other words, it is a "many-valued" homomorphism defined on some submodule of M. The inverse  of f is the submodule . Any additive relation f determines a homomorphism from a submodule of M to a quotient of N

where  consists of all elements x in M such that (x, y) belongs to f for some y in N.

A transgression that arises from a spectral sequence is an example of an additive relation.

See also
Mapping cone (homological algebra)
Smith normal form
Chain complex
Pairing

Notes

References

S. MacLane, Homology

Algebra

Module homomorphism


Nazir Ahmad Khan () (1904 – 26 August 1983) was the Founding Father of Pakistan Film Industry. A versatile Film Maker, Pakistani film actor, director and producer.

Biography

It was back in 1929, when a young artistic man left the city of Lahore to go to Calcutta to fulfill his passion and make movies. This man was Nazir Ahmed Khan (1910-1983), a Kakazai Pathan, determined to make a mark on the silver screen of the sub-continent. Nazir Ahmed Khan was a versatile and renowned Pakistani/Indian film actor, director and producer. He was the first successful film hero in Pre-Partition India and later in Pakistan. He was widely known as Bao Jee in the film industries on both sides of the border.
It was in the late 1920s when Nazir went to Calcutta along with AR Kardar, and appeared in a character role in Kardar's 'Sarfarosh' aka 'Brave Heart' in 1929. Kardar later made 'Heer' in which Nazir played the role of the Qazi. Both these films are from the silent era. He also did a secondary role in Kardar's 'Mysterious Bandit'.
Nazir's artistic elegance and excellent command over acting won him applaud all across the industry and resulted in him going to Bombay. During this period he was cast in important leading roles in 'Rajputana Ka Sher', 'Chandaal Chaukri', 'Badmaash Ka Baita' and 'Pahari Sawar'. In 1934 he went back to Calcutta on the request of his old friend Kardar to act in important roles in his productions of 'Chandra Gupta', 'Sultana', 'Milaap', 'Mandar', 'Night Bird' and 'Aab-e-Hayat'. He also worked as the lead in Ezra Mir's 'Badroohi' and 'Zareena'.
In Calcutta Nazir won laurels for his dynamic role of Chanakiya in 'Chandra Gupta'. Nazir had his head shaved off completely to authentically perform the role of the cunning prime minister. In 1939, both Nazir and Kardar moved to Bombay and under Kardar's banner he performed his most well remembered and renowned character role in 'Baghbaan', which besides creating box office records also established Nazir's name as one of the most well refined sensitive and matured actor of his era.

Nazir was one of the pioneers of the film industry in India. He is the only hero in history to have been cast opposite 35 actresses most of whom were the reigning queens of their time. Nazir started producing and directing films under the banner of Hind Pictures and established a Studio in Bombay under the same name, although this did not stop him from accepting assignments from other producers.
Nazir was associated with almost 200 films during his career, which spanned over a period of 55 years. Only a few artistes have contributed more to the development of cinema in the sub-continent than Nazir. He was a talented actor, a vibrant director and an astute producer. Nazir's studio and the offices of Hind Pictures were burnt down during the partition riots as Nazir had daringly hoisted the flag of the then Muslim League there. He stood there patiently, smoking his packet of cigarettes looking at burning of the birthplace of such great films, in disgust. Once the ashes started cooling he left never to return to Bombay ever again. In 1947, Nazir migrated to Pakistan.

He left everything he had behind in Bombay and shifted to Lahore. He started from scratch and in the process became one of the pioneers of the Pakistan film industry. He produced and directed 'Saachai', as his first film in the newly born Pakistan. It was followed by the first Silver Jubilee film of Pakistani Cinema, 'Pheray'. He disassociated himself with the Pakistani Cinema, when he foresaw the decline in this industry. He could not reconcile himself with the qualitatively declining trends in this industry which was later to be dominated by financiers whose aim was Glamour and Easy Profits. He left the world for his eternal ethereal abode in August 1983. Today, the son of Late Nazir, Akhtar Nazir Khan aka Cooki is intensively engaged in reviving the Pakistani Cinema and work hard to provide the audience both home and abroad with the same perfectly mastered and creative films that once were a pride of the Legacy of Legends of the Sub-Continental Cinema.

Personal life
Nazir was born in 1904 in a Kakazai family in Lahore, Punjab, British India. He had at least three wives over the years. He was first married to his cousin Sikandara Begum (who was the sister of K. Asif, the legendary director of 1960 film Mughal-e-Azam). He later had a very short marriage with Sitara Devi, the legendary Kathak dancer. After their divorce, Sitara Devi married none other than Nazir's cousin K. Asif himself. In other words, she married first the husband and then the brother of Sikandara Begum. Nazir's last wife was film actress Swaran Lata.

Nazir was the father of several children. He gave one of his daughters in marriage to actor Nasir Khan (brother of Dilip Kumar).

Awards and recognition
 Nigar Award 'Special Nigar Award for 30 years of excellence' in Pakistani film industry in 1982.

Death
Nazir Ahmed Khan died on 26 August 1983.

Legacy
Today, the son of Late Nazir, Akhtar Nazir Khan aka Cooki and his grandson Asif Nazir Khan, under the banner of Nazir Asif Arts dedicated to Nazir and K.Asif, are intensively engaged in reviving the Pakistani Cinema and working hard to provide the audience both home and abroad with the same perfectly mastered and creative films and songs that once were a pride of the Legacy of Legends of the Sub-Continental Cinema.

Filmography

 Sawaal        (1966)
 Azmat-e-Islam (1965)
 Haveli        (1964)
 Billo Jee     (1962)
 Shama         (1959)
 Noor-e-Islam  (1957)
 Sabira        (1956)
Soteeli Maa    (1956)
Wehshi         (1956)
Hameeda        (1956)
Nagin          (1955)
Naukar         (1955)
Heer (1955)
Shehri Babu (1953)
Khatoon        (1952)
Bheegi Palkain (1950)
Anokhi Dastan  (1950)
Humari Basti   (1950)
Ghalat Fahmi   (1950)
Laraay         (1949)
Pheray        (1949)
Sachchai       (1947)
Heer           (1946)
Wamaq Azra     (1946)
 Gaon Ki Gori  (1945)
Laila Majnu    (1945)
Naatak         (1944)
Aabroo  (1943)
 Ghar Sansar   (1942)
Maa Baap       (1941)
Swami          (1941)
 Taj Mahal   (1941)
Apni Nagariya  (1939)
Joshe Islam    (1938)
Baghban (1938)
Bhabi          (1938)
Sitara Tanzi   (1937)
Dukhiyari      (1936)
Pratima        (1935)
Delhi Ka Thug  (1934)
Iraq Ka Chor   (1934)
Chandragupta   (1934)
Sultana (1934)Night Bird     (1933)Abe Hayat      (1933)Lal-e-Yaman    (1933)Zarina         (1932)Farebi Daku''  (1931)

See also
 List of Lollywood actors
List of Pakistani film directors

References

External links
 , Nazir Ahmed Khan's Filmography

1904 births
1983 deaths
Film directors from Lahore
Male actors from Lahore
Nigar Award winners
Pakistani male film actors
Pakistani film directors
Pakistani film producers
People from British India
Punjabi-language film directors
20th-century Pakistani male actors

Nazir Ahmed Khan


Karon Beach (, , ) refers to a beach, and the town adjoining it, on the west coast of Phuket, Thailand.

The beach is a popular destination for tourists. Generally quieter than neighbouring Patong, it is popular with families and couples. It is also especially popular with Scandinavian tourists, with many businesses catering especially to them.

Karon Beach was heavily damaged by the tsunamis following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, especially in its southern regions, but has since largely recovered and by 2008 showed little evidence of tsunami damage.

References

External links

Populated places in Phuket province
Beaches of Phuket Province
Cities and towns in Thailand

Karon Beach


Jack M. Rabin (January 3, 1945 – November 13, 2006) was an American public administration scholar.

Biography

Early life and education
Rabin received a B.A. in government (1965) and a M.A. in government (1967) from the University of Miami and a Ph.D. in political science from the University of Georgia (1972). His dissertation (written under the direction of Robert T. Golembiewski) used  Lawrence Kolhberg's moral development protocol  to operationalize Chester Barnard's "zone of indifference" in organizations.

Career
Rabin held faculty positions at Auburn University Montgomery (1972–1980), Rider University (1983–1987), and The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg (1988–2006). His academic specialities included public budgeting, public personnel administration, and public administration.

Rabin was the founding editor of eight academic journals including Public Administration Quarterly, the International Journal of Public Administration, the Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting and Financial Management, the Journal of Health and Human Services Administration. Rabin was the series executive editor of the largest book series in public administration. It included 120 books edited by scholars from around the world, and was published by Marcel Dekker, Inc. Almost every major scholar in public administration during the period from 1973-2006 was published one or more times in a publication created by Jack Rabin.

While living in Alabama, Jack Rabin became interested in developing an oral history of the civil rights movement.  He, with help from graduate students, befriended the organizers of the Montgomery Improvement Association, the organization responsible for the Montgomery bus boycott. He and his assistants conducted extensive interviews with E.D. Nixon; Clifford and Virginia Durr; Johnnie Carr and many other friends and associates of Martin Luther King, Jr. involved in the Montgomery bus boycott.  Moreover, he befriended the officers of the Alabama Department of Public Safety that conducted surveillance of activities including the Selma to Montgomery March. These relationships allowed him to accumulate a unique collection of photos, interviews and other documents that he eventually donated to Penn State University. PSU organized the material as The Jack Rabin Collection on Alabama Civil Rights and Southern Activists.

Marriage and children
Rabin and his wife Sandra had two sons, Daniel and Scott.

Death and afterward
Dr. Rabin died on November 13, 2006 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and he was interred in Beth Shalom Cemetery in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. A series of remembrances were published in the Public Administration Section Newsletter of the public administration section of the American Political Science Association and in the "Journal of Public Administration Education" published by the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration.

References

External links

1945 births
2006 deaths
Auburn University at Montgomery faculty
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Public administration scholars
Rider University faculty
University of Miami alumni
University of Georgia alumni

Jack Rabin