Take Me with You is the debut studio album by American R&B girl group the Honey Cone. It was released by Hot Wax/Invictus Records in 1970 (see 1970 in music).

Album information
Introducing the world to the unique soulful spunk that was Honey Cone was what "Take Me with You" achieved. Their lead single "While You're Out Looking for Sugar," (released in 1969) sums up both the lyrical and musical approach that made the band so distinctive. The song, among many other's in their catalogue, was about a cheating man and his girlfriend (the protagonist) declaring to him that someone better will steal her from him while he's out "looking for sugar." The song along with album favorites "Girls It Ain't Easy" and "Sunday Morning People" takes on what becomes a familiar scolding tone that a lot of Honey Cone songs carry with titles and lyrics that use old sayings and cliches to convey the feeling of heartbreak or female-empowerment. "Sunday Morning People" addresses hypocritical Christian's who "go to church on Sunday" and "hate your neighbor all week." Like most albums of its time, there are a couple of cover songs present here. Covers include "Aquarius" the 1969 number one hit by The 5th Dimension from the musical Hair and the Dusty Springfield classic "Son of a Preacher Man". Although many songs were officially credited to Ronald Dunbar and Edyth Wayne, the newly departed Motown songwriting team Holland-Dozier-Holland (Eddie Holland, Jr., Lamont Dozier and Brian Holland) was the party behind the Edyth Wayne pseudonym and was responsible for the greater bulk of songs by Honey Cone and other Hot Wax artists.

Track listing

References

External links
 Take Me with You at Discogs

1970 debut albums
Albums produced by Brian Holland
Albums produced by Eddie Holland
Albums produced by Lamont Dozier
Hot Wax Records albums
Buddah Records albums

Take Me with You


Le nabab is a three-act opéra comique by Fromental Halévy to a libretto by Eugène Scribe.

The title refers to a Nawab or Indian notable. The opera was the last collaboration of Scribe and Halévy, which began in 1835 with La Juive, Halévy's greatest success. It premiered in Paris on 1 September 1853.

The opera had 38 performances and appears not to have been revived.

Roles
Dora soprano – Caroline Miolan-Carvalho
Lord Evendale tenor – Charles-Auguste-Marie Ponchard
Clifford baritone – Joseph-Antoine-Charles Couderc

Synopsis
Place: India and England
Time:

The Commissioner, Lord Evendale, bored with his life and especially with his wife, contemplates suicide. His doctor suggests he take a year's sabbatical. Before he leaves for England, Evendale arranges for the passage to England of Dora, an orphan girl.

In England, Evendale works in disguise for Dora's uncle and wins her heart. In the third act, it is revealed that Lady Evendale had married Evendale's doctor in their youth. Her bigamy frees Evendale to marry Dora.

References

Sources

Jordan, Ruth, Fromental Halévy: His Life and Music, 1799-1862, (1996),

Operas by Fromental Halévy
1853 operas
Opéras comiques
Operas
French-language operas
Libretti by Eugène Scribe

Le nabab


The American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM/AFofM) is a 501(c)(5) labor union representing professional instrumental musicians in the United States and Canada. The AFM, which has its headquarters in New York City, is led by president Tino Gagliardi. Founded in Cincinnati in 1896 as the successor to the National League of Musicians, the AFM is the largest organization in the world to represent professional musicians. It negotiates fair agreements, protects ownership of recorded music, secures benefits such as healthcare and pension, and lobbies legislators. In the U.S., it is known as the American Federation of Musicians (AFM), and in Canada, it is known as the Canadian Federation of Musicians/Fédération Canadienne des Musiciens (CFM/FCM).

The AFM is affiliated with AFL–CIO [the largest federation of unions in the United States]; the Department of Professional Employees, the International Federation of Musicians (FIM), the National Music Council, and the Canadian Labour Congress, the federation of unions in Canada.

Founded more than 125 years ago, the purpose of the American Federation of Musicians remains the same: to elevate, protect, and advance the interests of all musicians who receive pay for their musical service.

History
The roots of the musicians' collective action began with the New York City-based Musical Mutual Protective Union, which took the first steps toward creating uniform scales for different types of musical employment in 1878. By March 1886, delegates from 15 different protective unions across the U.S. came together to form the National League of Musicians to discuss and rectify common issues, such as competition from traveling musicians.

The American Federation of Labor recognized the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) in 1896. A group of delegates had broken away from the National League of Musicians in order to form a more egalitarian organization, inclusive to all musicians. Seeking to give meaning to the phrase "In unity there is strength", the first standing resolution of the AFM was: "That any musician who receives pay for his musical services, shall be considered a professional musician." The first convention, upon which the American Federation of Musicians was founded, was held October 1896 at the Hotel English in Indianapolis, Indiana. The group had 3,000 members and Owen Miller became the first AFM president. In 1896, Miller said: "The only object of AFM is to bring order out of chaos and to harmonize and bring together all the professional musicians of the country into one progressive body."

At the same time, the trade-union movement was taking hold throughout North America. Unions representing all types of laborers were forming to exercise collective strength to raise wages, improve working conditions and secure greater dignity and respect for working people. In 1887, the AFL and the Knights of Labor first invited the National League of Musicians to affiliate with the trade-union movement, but the offers produced deep divisions within the National League of Musicians. Some members objected to musicians being called laborers, insisting instead that they were "artists and professionals." As the American music scene prospered and more symphony orchestras were founded, the need for a national organization for musicians increased.

In 1897, the union became international when the Montreal Musicians Protective Union and Toronto Orchestral Association joined.

By 1900, the union changed its name to the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada and was actively organizing on both sides of the border.

A 1903 resolution was passed prohibiting foreign bands taking work from domestic bands. It was followed by a 1905 letter from the AFM petitioning president Theodore Roosevelt to protect American musicians by limiting the importation of musicians from outside Canada and the U.S.

By 1905, an official position on the International Executive Board was created to provide Canadian representation at the federation level. Early accomplishments of the union included setting the first scales for orchestras traveling with comic operas, musical comedies and grand opera. Among the pressing issues was competition from both foreign musicians and off-duty military musicians.

In its first 10 years, the AFM had organized 424 locals and 45,000 musicians in the U.S. and Canada. Virtually all instrumental musicians in the U.S. were union members. In 1906, the 10-year-old organization made a donation of $1,000 to earthquake victims in San Francisco.

A 1908 appropriations bill banned armed-services musicians (exempting Marines) from competing with civilians. In 1916, Congress passed a law prohibiting all armed-services members from competing with civilians.

During the World War I era, general unemployment affected musicians. Silent films displaced some forms of traditional entertainment, and with a declining economy and other factors, many musicians were laid off.

Among the best known AFM actions was the 1942–44 musicians' strike, orchestrated to pressure record companies to agree to a better arrangement for paying royalties.

Technology and legislation

In 1918, two important legislative measures, Prohibition and a 20% cabaret tax to support the war effort, negatively impacted many musicians. Prohibition ended after 13 years, but the cabaret tax took its toll on the music industry for many years to come.

The Copyright Act of 1909 created the first compulsory mechanical license stipulating royalty payments be paid by the user of a composer's work, but the law excluded musicians.

In the 1920s, new technologies challenged live music for the first time. The advent of recording and radio forever changed the landscape of musician employment. At AFM conventions, the union decried the use of canned music and forbid orchestra leaders from advertising their orchestras free of charge on radio. By the end of the 1920s, many factors had reduced the number of recording companies. As the nation recovered from World War I, technology advanced and there was diversity in recording and producing music. In 1927, the first "talkie" motion picture was released and within two years, 20,000 musicians lost their jobs performing in theater pits for silent films. Minimum wage scales were created for vitaphone, movietone and phonograph recording work. In 1938, film companies signed their first contract with AFM at a time when musicians were losing income as phonograph records replaced radio orchestras and jukeboxes competed with live music in nightclubs.

The AFM founded the Music Defense League in 1930 to gain public support against canned music in movie theaters.

The AFM set higher scales for the recording work than for live work, negotiating the first industry-wide agreements in the labor movement. While musicians flocked to Los Angeles hoping for high-paying recording work, fewer than 200 new jobs were created by the technology.

To help musicians find fair pay and union jobs, the AFM created a booking-agent licensing policy in 1936, and in 1938, developed a similar program for licensing record companies.

While national scales were set for live musicians working on fledgling radio networks, some stations had already begun using recordings. The 1937 AFM convention mandated Weber to fight against the use of recorded music on radio. He called a meeting with representatives of radio, transcription and record companies, threatening to halt all recording work nationwide. After 14 weeks, the stations agreed to spend an additional $2 million to employ staff musicians, but the Department of Justice later ruled the agreement illegal.

Petrillo strikes
Labor leader James Petrillo took command of the AFM in 1940. He took a stronger stance, challenging technological unemployment. Among the most significant AFM actions was the 1942–44 musicians' strike (sometimes called the "Petrillo ban"), orchestrated to pressure record companies to agree to a royalty system more beneficial to the musicians. The strike forced the recording industry to establish a royalty on recording sales to employ musicians at live performances. This resulted in the Music Performance Trust Fund (MPTF), which was established in 1948 and continues to sponsor free live performances throughout the U.S. and Canada. When the MPTF began disbursals, it became the largest single employer of live musicians in the world.

Petrillo organized a second recording ban from January 1 to December 14, 1948 in response to the Taft–Hartley Act.

In the 1950s, the MPTF was reapportioned to form the AFM Pension Fund and the Sound Recording Special Payment Fund.

Numerous labor actions in the following decades improved industry standards and working conditions for musicians. New agreements covered TV programs, cable TV, independent films and video games. Pension funds were established and musicians also secured groundbreaking contracts providing royalties for digital transmissions and from recordings of live performances.

AFM leadership challenged

Petrillo's tactics were not universally accepted. While his 1955 negotiations had led to increased payments into the funds, the lack of a scale increase angered some full-time recording musicians.

Musicians were promised a voice at the next round of meetings in 1958, but talks broke down and a strike was called. When calls for Petrillo to reopen negotiations were rejected, a group of disgruntled Los Angeles musicians formed a dual union, the Musicians Guild of America.

In 1946, Congress passed an act known as "the anti-Petrillo Act" that made it a criminal offense for a union to use coercion to win observance of its rules by radio stations. Collective bargaining with broadcasters over hiring standby musicians and paying for rebroadcasts of live performances became illegal. As a result, live broadcasts on radio were almost completely eliminated.

When Petrillo retired, Herman D. Kenin took over as AFM president. In 1958–59, rank-and-file committees of recording musicians sat at the table while Kenin negotiated favorable agreements with the recording, television and jingle industries. The Musicians Guild of America was defeated in a 1960 representation election and the AFM regained bargaining rights for motion-picture studios.

Political lobbying

During the 1960s, the AFM organized its political lobbying efforts, creating the TEMPO political action committee. Among the pressing issues of the day were government funding for music programs and repeal of the 20% cabaret tax.

Amid the beginning of the British Invasion in 1964, Kenin lobbied directly to the U.S. Secretary of Labor, W. Willard Wirtz, to place an embargo on rock and roll musicians coming to the U.S. from the U.K. Kenin worried about British musicians taking away jobs from Americans, contending that there was little difference between their music, making it unnecessary for the Beatles and other acts to perform. When Kenin's desire to ban the Beatles was widely reported, Beatles fans from across the U.S. sent letters to the AFM condemning the organization.

The AFM also sought to lend its voice to national labor issues such as the fight against right-to-work laws. In 1951, lobbying efforts against the cabaret tax paid off when nonprofit organizations, including symphony orchestras, were exempted. In 1957, Congress reduced the tax to 10%, resulting in a $9 million rise in nightclub bookings by 1960. In 1966, the tax was finally repealed.

Federal funding

In 1955 the AFM formally asked Congress to subsidize the arts industry. The federation cited its concern for preserving America's cultural heritage and protecting the country's less commercially viable styles: jazz, folk and symphonic music.

The effort paid off in 1965 when President Johnson signed 20 U.S.C. 951, creating the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). At the 1966 AFM convention, the initial $2 million in NEA appropriation was announced. Much of the subsequent growth in professional symphony orchestras in the U.S. was a direct result of the NEA. AFM president Ray Hair said: "Government arts funding is critical to the ongoing financial and artistic well-being of American professional musicians. ... For nearly 50 years NEA funding has enriched our communities, supported our jobs, and helped achieve cultural balance within virtually every congressional district."

The Parliament of Canada used the death duties of two Canadian millionaire estates to establish the Canada Council for the Arts in 1957. According to an International Musician article the council was responsible for "creating an aura of musical achievement such as the country has never witnessed." In 2014 and 2015, the council allocated $155.1 million to the arts in Canada.

By 1960, tape recorders were making sound and video recordings easier and cheaper on a global scale. In 1961, the AFM participated in the Rome Convention to develop an international treaty extending copyright protection. However, because of pressure from American broadcasters, the federal government declined to sign the treaty. To date, only the U.S., China and North Korea have not signed the treaty. Therefore, American musicians and record companies receive no performance royalties from terrestrial AM/FM radio.

Through much of the early history of the AFM, union locals were segregated for black and white musicians. Black and white locals eventually began to merge, starting with Los Angeles in 1953, and by 1974 all locals were integrated.

21st century
Through lobbying efforts to amend copyright law and generate new, innovative agreements, the AFM continues its work to protect and compensate musicians in the increasingly digital world.

The AFM & SAG-AFTRA Fund was created to administer and distribute statutory noninteractive digital performance and audio home recording royalties established under copyright law and royalties from various foreign territories. In 2020, more than 42,000 session musicians and vocalists in all 50 states and Canada shared $62 million in royalties collected by its Intellectual Property Rights Distribution Fund. The performance rights organization SoundExchange was established to collect and distribute performance revenue from noninteractive digital services, including those on cable, satellite, and internet webcasts. It works on behalf of 650,000 creators and has paid more than $10 billion in distributions to date.

The globalization of the industry has also increased the need for musicians to cross international borders for work. Among the challenges musicians face are regulations regarding the safe transport of instruments on planes and through customs. Disparate airline policies regarding the transportation of instruments long plagued musicians. This problem worsened after the 9/11 attacks and stricter security checks that followed. The AFM spent more than a decade trying to clarify and improve the ability of musicians to fly with instruments as carry-on baggage. These efforts resulted in the FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, which was implemented in 2015. The law states that if the instrument fits in the airline luggage bins and the owner boards early enough to have available space in the bins, a musician cannot be forced to check their instrument.

In early 2020, the AFM faced what would become its biggest challenge yet, when the pandemic and subsequent quarantines put thousands of musicians out of work and careers on hold. The AFM quickly adapted agreements to allow live streaming of concerts and recording work to be done at home instead of in-studio.

Composition

According to the AFM's records since 2006, when membership classification was first reported, about 81% of the union's membership are "regular" members who are eligible to vote for the union. In addition to the other voting eligible "life" and "youth" classifications, the "inactive life" members have the rights of active union members except that "they shall not be allowed to vote or hold office" according to the bylaws in exchange for the rate less than "life" members. As of 2019, there were 60,345 "regular members" (83% of total), 11,297 "life" members (15%), 549 "inactive life" members (1%) and 880 "youth" members (1%).

Leadership
In June 2023, the delegates to the 102nd AFM Convention in Las Vegas elected Tino Gagliardi as AFM international president, succeeding Ray Hair, who did not seek reelection following 13 years at the helm.

Presidents
 1896–1900 Owen Miller
 1900–1914 Joseph N. Weber
 1914–1915 Frank Carothers
 1915–1940 Joseph N. Weber
 1940–1958 James C. Petrillo
 1958–1970 Herman D. Kenin
 1970–1978 Hal C. Davis
 1978–1987 Victor Fuentealba
 1987–1991 J. Martin Emerson
 1991–1995 Mark Massagli
 1995–2001 Steve Young
 2001–2010 Tom Lee
 2010–2023 Ray Hair
 2023–present Tino Gagliardi

References

Sources

Further reading
 Robert A. Gorman, "The Recording Musician and Union Power: A Case Study of the American Federation of Musicians", 37 SW L.J. 697 (1984) https://scholar.smu.edu/smulr/vol37/iss4/1
 Michael James Roberts, Tell Tchaikovsky the News: Rock 'n' Roll, the Labor Question, and the Musicians' Union, 1942–1968. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014,  .

External links

 Musicians' Association of Seattle Records.  1905–2010. 5.52 cubic feet (7 boxes).
 David Keller manuscript of The Blue Note: Seattle's Black Musician's Union, A Pictorial History.  2000. .21 cubic ft (1 box)

AFL–CIO affiliates
Canadian Labour Congress affiliates
Music organizations based in the United States
Trade unions established in 1896

American Federation of Musicians


Boy Peeling Fruit is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610) painted circa 1592–1593.

This is the earliest known work by Caravaggio, painted soon after his arrival in Rome from his native Milan in mid 1592. His movements in this period are not certain. According to his contemporary Giulio Mancini he stayed for a short time with Monsignor Pandulfo Pucci in the Palazzo Colonna, but disliked the way Pucci treated him and left after a few months. (Pucci fed his boarders exclusively on greens, and Caravaggio referred to him later as 'Monsignor Salad'). He copied religious pictures for Pucci, (none survive), and apparently did a few pieces of his own for personal sale, of which Boy Peeling a Fruit would be the only known example. The piece may also date from slightly later, when he was working for Giuseppe Cesari, the "cavaliere d'Arpino". As Caravaggio is said to have been painting only "flowers and fruit" for d'Arpino, this would again be a personal piece done for sale outside the workshop, but it was among the works seized from d'Alpino by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in 1607, together with two other early Caravaggios, the Young Sick Bacchus and the Boy with a Basket of Fruit. It is not known how these works came to be in Cesari's collection at the time.

The fruit being peeled by the boy is something of a mystery. Sources indicate it may be a pear, which is probably correct but has been questioned; it may be a nectarine or plum, several of which lie on the table, but these are not usually peeled; some have suggested a bergamot, a pear-shaped citrus fruit grown in Italy, but others object that the bergamot is sour and practically inedible.

Seen as a simple genre painting, it differs from most in that the boy is not 'rusticated,' that is, he is depicted as clean and well-dressed instead of as a 'cute' ragamuffin. An allegoric meaning behind the painting is plausible, given the complex Renaissance symbology of fruit. Caravaggio scholar John T. Spike has recently suggested that the boy demonstrates resistance to temptation by ignoring the sweeter fruits (fruits of sin) in favour of the bergamot, but no specific reading is widely accepted.

The model is thought to bear a resemblance to the angel in Caravaggio's Ecstasy of Saint Francis and to the boy dressed as Cupid on the far left in his Young Musicians, both about 1595 to 1597.

Several other versions of the work are known, all of which may be by Caravaggio; it has been suggested that at the early stage of his career, while he was still in the studio of Cavalier d'Arpino, Caravaggio's paintings were put in the studio's shop window, and if they attracted the attention of passing buyers, Caravaggio would feed the demand with additional versions. John T. Spike identified the likely original as a painting auctioned in London that year , although others have argued that either the Ishizuka version or that in the British Royal Collection could be the prototype. The version in the Royal Collection  has been on display in the Cumberland Gallery of Hampton Court Palace since 2004. Other copies identified include models in private collections in Berlin and Rome.

See also
List of paintings by Caravaggio

Sources and references
Caravaggio's fruit
Caravaggio's secular paintings
Peter Robb, M (1998)

References

External links

1590s paintings
Paintings by Caravaggio
Paintings in the Royal Collection of the United Kingdom
Food and drink paintings
Hampton Court Palace
Genre paintings

Boy Peeling Fruit


Jeremiah Jordan J.P. (1830 – 31 December 1911) was an Irish nationalist politician from County Fermanagh. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1885 to 1892, and from 1893 to 1910, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Early life

Jordan was born in Tattenbar, eldest son of Samuel Jordan, farmer, and was educated at the Mulnlburtlin National School, as well as at the Portora Royal School in Enniskillen. He is buried in Aghavea Church of Ireland churchyard, situated about 3 miles outside the village of Maguiresbridge in County Fermanagh.

A merchant by profession, he became a member of the Fermanagh Urban Council, the Enniskillen Board of Guardians, the Fermanagh C.C. and of the Joint Committee of the Asylum for Tyrone and Fermanagh.

He was connected with Temperance and kindred movements for many years. He was a member of the Tenant's Association, the Land League, the Irish National League and the United Irish League (UIL), successively.  In 1902 he became the first nationalist chairman of Fermanagh County Council.

The local branch of the UIL in Enniskillen which was largely dominated by working-class members was disaffiliated after it criticised merchants who dominated nationalist politics in the town – notably Jeremiah Jordan and his successor, Patrick Crumley – for decorating shops with Union Jacks and subscribing to a military monument.

Political career
From 1865, Jordan supported the Liberal party in Enniskillen municipal and parliamentary elections against the dominant Cole Earl of Enniskillen and Crichton Earl of Erne interests.
In the early 1870s he joined the Home Rule League of Isaac Butt and spoke alongside Butt at an Enniskillen meeting in 1873.
In 1880 he joined the Land League and helped to secure extensive Protestant support for it in Fermanagh by arguing that it was a law-abiding body whose principal aim was to help Gladstone and Bright overcome resistance to further land reform.

Most of this Protestant support died away after the Land Law (Ireland) Act 1881 and the agrarian violence of 1881–82.   After the Kilmainham Treaty Jordan definitively committed himself to nationalism by joining the Irish National League.

A Protestant Nationalist member of the Irish Parliamentary Party, Jordan was elected at the 1885 general election as MP for the Western division of County Clare. His only opponent was a Conservative, who won less than 4% of the votes. He was returned unopposed in 1886. When the Irish Party split in 1891 over the leadership of Charles Stewart Parnell, Jordan was the first Nationalist MP to call for Parnell's resignation, partly because of his close association with the English Methodist spokesman Hugh Price Hughes.

At the 1892 general election he did not stand again in West Clare (where the Parnellite Irish National League candidate won a large majority), but in North Fermanagh, where he lost the seat to a Unionist candidate. However, the election in South Meath was voided after an electoral petition, and at the resulting by-election on 17 February 1893, Jordan won the seat in a close contest with the Parnellite candidate.

At the 1895 general election, Jordan narrowly lost the South Meath seat to Parnell's older brother, John Howard Parnell. However, he had also stood in South Fermanagh, where he was elected with a comfortable majority. He was returned in that constituency at the 1900, 1906 and January 1910. By then he was 80 years old, and after suffering a series of strokes he did not contest the December 1910 general election. He died a year later at High Street, Enniskillen, aged 81, according to some accounts, or 83, according to his death certificate.

Notes

External links

1830 births
1911 deaths
Protestant Irish nationalists
Irish Anglicans
Irish Parliamentary Party MPs
Anti-Parnellite MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Clare constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Fermanagh constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Meath constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
Members of Fermanagh County Council
Politicians from County Fermanagh
People educated at Portora Royal School

Jeremiah Jordan


Barnyard Dawg is a Looney Tunes character.  A feisty anthropomorphic basset hound, he is a friend and the archenemy of Foghorn Leghorn. He was created by Robert McKimson, who also created Foghorn, and was voiced by Mel Blanc. Dawg also feuds with other enemies as well like Henery Hawk, Daffy Duck and Sylvester. He appeared in 23 Golden Age–era Warner Bros. shorts.

Biography
Dawg's first appearance was in Walky Talky Hawky (1946), the same Henery Hawk cartoon in which Foghorn himself first appeared. Although, in that cartoon, Dawg initiates hostilities with Foghorn by dropping a watermelon on his head (prompting Foghorn to grumble "Every day, it's the same thing!"), Dawg is usually seen sleeping in his kennel at a cartoon's beginning, with Foghorn provoking him by slapping his hindquarters with a wooden fencepost, setting the stage for Dawg to seek vengeance, often by manipulating Henery Hawk.

Dawg, called "Mandrake," was cast as pet to Porky Pig in 1947's One Meat Brawl, where the pair pursue one-shot star Grover Groundhog, who gives the hunting dog a sob story ("Wife and 72 children!...No coal in the cellar...!") that has him weeping sympathetic tears, much to Porky's disgust. Dawg/Mandrake uses this ploy himself in 1949's Daffy Duck Hunt, where, still Porky's pet and hunting companion, he persuades Daffy Duck to play along at being captured so he can avoid punishment from Porky, promising to free the duck later. However, once Daffy is tucked into Porky's freezer, Mandrake goes back on the bargain, although Daffy has little trouble outwitting both him and Porky. Although Dawg usually sports a gruff New York City accent in the Foghorn Leghorn shorts, in Daffy Duck Hunt he speaks mostly with a Southern accent (only one line, "I'll fix that dirty duck!", is rendered in his usual voice). Another character who resembles Dawg would also appear in the 1951 Goofy Gophers cartoon A Bone for a Bone.

In 1958's Don't Axe Me, Dawg, now the pet of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Fudd and renamed "Wover," again matches wits with Daffy after convincing Mrs. Fudd to designate the duck as Sunday dinner; surprisingly, Daffy is the loser in this cartoon, although he escapes doom when a guest requests a vegetarian meal instead. In 1958's Gopher Broke, Dawg is the subject of "psychological wearing down" by the Goofy Gophers, Mac and Tosh, who are trying to get their vegetables back.  After the gophers initiate phase no. 4 of their plan, which leaves Dawg on top of a telephone pole, he flips out and flies off (literally) after a crow, causing a deadpan pig, who's been witnessing the aftermath of the gophers' abuse against Dawg, to also flip out.  While the pig has gone to see an animal psychiatrist, the doctor sees Dawg fly by his window and also flips out enough to join the pig on the couch.

Henery mistakes Dawg for a chicken in The Foghorn Leghorn, because his father told him that chickens are great big monsters with real huge teeth who live in caves; he ignores Foghorn after confusing an insult toward the rooster of being "a loud-mouthed schnook" as some kind of literal species. Henery notices Dawg's mouth and presumes Dawg's doghouse is a kind of cave. Henery repeats the mistake in "The Leghorn Blows at Midnight".

Although Dawg is normally portrayed as the straight man for Foghorn's pranks, in Mother Was a Rooster, he is portrayed in a very negative light, as he not only steals an ostrich egg (he justifies this by explaining that it's been kind of dull round the farm lately, giving reference to his four-year peace between him and Foghorn between Weasel While You Work and Mother Was a Rooster), he mocks the hatched ostrich, which Foghorn has adopted, and cheats in a boxing match with the rooster.

Dawg also appeared in the movies Space Jam as a member of the Tune Squad, and in Looney Tunes: Back in Action playing cards with other dogs including Ham and Ex, Spike and Chester, the Russian Dog from Hare Ribbin' and Charlie Dog in Yosemite Sam's casino.  In Baby Looney Tunes, Dawg appears as a puppy who chases the cool roosters, until Foghorn Leghorn shows the cool roosters how to deal with dogs (through a game of fetch), and instead of joining them, just befriends Dawg.

Barnyard Dawg appeared in The Looney Tunes Show episode "Fish and Visitor's" Merrie Melodie's segment, "Chickenhawk" singing voice by Ben Falcone. He had a brief cameo at the end of the segment where it was shown that he sang the song the whole time. He later appeared in "Reunion's" Merrie Melodie's segment, "Cock of the Walk." In "Father Figures," Barnyard Dawg made a cameo as the umpire in the Father/Son Tennis Tournament final between Bugs and Walter Bunny against Daffy Duck and Foghorn Leghorn.

Barnyard Dawg also appeared in Looney Tunes Cartoons in various Foghorn Leghorn segments. He also appears in the pre-school series Bugs Bunny Builders. In that show, his full name is officially mentioned: George P. Mandrake.

Cartoons
All cartoons directed by Robert McKimson unless noted. MM = Merrie Melodies, LT = Looney Tunes
Walky Talky Hawky (1946) – MM
One Meat Brawl (1947) – MM
Crowing Pains (1947) – LT
The Foghorn Leghorn (1948) – MM
Daffy Duck Hunt (1949) – LT
Henhouse Henery (1949) – LT
The Leghorn Blows at Midnight (1950) – LT
A Bone for a Bone (1951) - LT (Directed by Friz Freleng, via loose resemblance)
Leghorn Swoggled (1951) – MM
Lovelorn Leghorn (1951) – LT
Sock-a-Doodle-Do (1952) – LT
The EGGcited Rooster (1952) – MM
Plop Goes the Weasel (1953) – LT
Of Rice and Hen (1953) – LT
All Fowled Up (1955) – LT
The High and the Flighty (1956) – MM
Fox-Terror (1957) – MM
Don't Axe Me (1958) – MM
Feather Bluster (1958) – MM
Weasel While You Work (1958) – MM
Gopher Broke (1958) – LT
Mother Was a Rooster (1962) – MM
Banty Raids (1963) – MM

Voice
Barnyard Dawg was originally voiced by Mel Blanc from the character's debut until the final cartoon Foghorn Leghorn starred into the Golden Age. After Blanc's death in 1989, the character has been voiced by Noel Blanc, Bob Bergen, Greg Burson, Jeff Bergman, Billy West, Joe Alaskey, Ben Falcone, Eric Bauza and Andrew Morgado.

References

Film characters introduced in 1946
Fictional dogs
Looney Tunes characters

Barnyard Dawg


, is a Japanese female racing driver who currently races in Formula Regional Japanese Championship.

Career
Miura's single seater career began due to the influence of her father and brother. At the age of 12, she participated in a kart race for the first time and eventually won the championship. After that, she honed her skills in karting. At Osaka Sangyo University, where she studied Mechanical Engineering, she was one of the drivers of their solar car project, participating in the yearly FIA Solar Car Race at the Suzuka Circuit, taking several victories throughout the years.

In 2011, she participated in Super FJ (Suzuka) with the support of Exedy in recognition of her success in karting. After graduating from university one year later, she became an employee of Exedy and participated in Formula Challenge Japan (FCJ) while enrolled in the public relations department of the company.

In 2014, she made her debut in the Japanese Formula 3 Championship (N class), being the first female driver in the series in 18 years. She finished on the podium at the opening race held at Suzuka Circuit, and took her first victory in the following 2nd round, finally finishing in 4th place in the series. In 2015, she continued to participate in the N class of the All Japan F3 Championship, winning 3 races and finishing 2nd.

From 2016 until 2018, she was part of the B-MAX Racing Team, achieving a best race result of 4th Overall and 8th in the standings (both the best ever for a female in the series). The following year, in 2019, she joined ThreeBond Racing and continued participated in the All-Japan F3 Championship (C class). In 2020, she participated in the KYOJO CUP for LHG Racing with YLT, winning the championship in her first try. In addition, she also took part in a few races in the Formula Regional Japanese Championship in place of Tomoki Takahashi with the Super License team. She took her first podium at the Twin Ring Motegi. In 2021, she finished as runner-up of the championship, taking her first win at Fuji Speedway during the season, while also competing in Super Taikyu.

Racing record

Karting
2001
 1st SL Meihan Final Round FP3-F Class
2002
 Suzuka Championship - RSO class
2003
 3rd Suzuka Championship - OPEN class
 6th Suzuka Championship - JRMC class
 2004
 2nd RotaxMax Junior class
 2nd Suzuka Championship - JRMC class
 11th Macau International Kart GP - JrMAX Class
 9th Asia Pacific Championship - MAX Class
 2005
 5th Rotax Max - Junior class
 2nd Suzuka Championship - JRMC class
 18th EuroChallenge UK round - Junior Class
 2006
 4th Rotax Max - Senior class
 2nd Mizunami Challenge Cup - RMC Class
 31st EuroChallenge in Italy - Senior Class
 28th EuroChallenge in Austria - Senior Class
 Ret EuroChallenge in Belgium - Senior Class
 6th Macau International Kart GP SrMAX class
 2007
 19th RotaxMax Senior Class
 Participation in EuroChallenge - Senior class
 2008
 8th Rotax Max - Senior class
 Participated in the Japan Open Masters
 2009
 11th Rotax Max Senior class
 Participated in the Japan Open Masters
 2010
 9th Rotax Max Senior Class

 FIA Solar Car Race Suzuka
 2009: 1st, 2010: 1st, 2011: 2nd, 2012: 1st, 2013: 1st, 2014: 1st, 2016: 1st

Career summary

‡ Team standings.

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Japanese racing drivers
Formula Regional Japanese Championship drivers

Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers
B-Max Racing drivers

Ai Miura


Addis Ababa (spelled Addis Abeba by the Ethiopian Mapping Institute, also called Finfinne) is the capital city of Ethiopia. It is also the political capital  of the African Union and the Oromia region of Ethiopia.

History

Addis Ababa is both a city and a state. The city has people living in it from as many as 40 different countries speaking 80 different languages. There are many different communities in the city including Christian, Muslim, and Jewish communities. Addis Ababa is about 2,500 m above sea level. It has about five million people.

The site was chosen by Empress Taytu Betul. The city was founded in 1886 by her husband, Emperor Menelik II.  The city is at the foot of Mount Entoto. In 1935 the city (renamed Addis Abeba) was conquered by the Italians and was made the capital of their empire in eastern Africa until 1941. Italians made huge improvements and modern projects to the city.

The city has grown since World War II and is now a huge metropolis that has nearly 09.98 million people living there as of 2019.

Addis Ababa University is in the city. Addis Ababa University was formerly known as Haile Selassie I University. It was named after the former Emperor of Ethiopia, who gave his palace to be used the main campus of the university in 1961.

References

Bibliography

Related pages
 Italian Mogadiscio
 Piccola Roma
 Italian Tripoli

Other websites

 Addis Ababa City Administration
 Addis Ababa City Council
 Introduction to Addis Ababa
 Picture of Addis Ababa

1886 establishments

19th-century establishments in Africa
Regions of Ethiopia

Addis Ababa


Colored smoke is a kind of smoke created by an aerosol of small particles of a suitable pigment or dye.

Colored smoke can be used for smoke signals, often in a military context. It can be produced by smoke grenades, or by various other pyrotechnical devices. The mixture used for producing colored smoke is usually a cooler-burning formula based on potassium chlorate oxidizer, lactose or dextrin as a fuel, and one or more dyes, with about 40-50% content of the dye. About 2% sodium bicarbonate may be added as a coolant, to lower the burning temperature. Coloured smoke was first used in 1967 during an American burnout competition by a small contestant, as a means to wow the crowd.

Smoke released from aircraft was originally based on a mixture of 10-15% dye, 60-65% trichloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene, and 25% diesel oil, injected into the exhaust gases of the aircraft engines.
Most commonly, teams now use specifically prepared liquid dyes and only gas oil, light mineral oil or a food grade white oil without harmful chlorinated solvents.

Mixtures
Some mixtures used for production of colored smokes contain these dyes:

Red
 Disperse Red 9 (older, used e.g. in the M18 grenade)
 Solvent Red 1 with Disperse Red 11
 Solvent Red 27 (C.I. 26125)
 Solvent Red 24
Orange
 Solvent Yellow 14 (C.I. 12055)
Yellow
 Vat Yellow 4 with benzanthrone (older)
 Solvent Yellow 33
 Solvent Yellow 16 (C.I. 12700)
 Solvent Yellow 56
 Oil Yellow R
Green
 Vat Yellow 4 with benzanthrone and Solvent Green 3 (older)
 Solvent Yellow 33 and Solvent Green 3
 Solvent Green 3
 Oil Green BG
 Oil Green G
Blue
 Solvent Blue 35 (C.I. 26125)
 Solvent Blue 36
 Solvent Blue 5
Violet
 Disperse Red 9 with 1,4-diamino-2,3-dihydroanthraquinone
 Solvent Violet 13
Raspberry
 Rhodamine B

References

External links
 Smoke and masking agents from the Department of Veterans' Affairs, page 59

Pyrotechnics
Smoke

Colored smoke


Harry Haydon Fouke (November 29, 1913 – November 5, 1992) was the first athletic director at the University of Houston, and served in the position from 1945 to 1979.  Fouke attended Main Avenue High School in San Antonio, and graduated from Rice University in 1934, where he played varsity football.  Fouke served as head football coach for San Antonio Technical High School and Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio throughout the rest of the 1930s and early 1940s.  He later became the director of athletics for the San Antonio Public Schools System, the Houston Independent School District, and ultimately the University of Houston.

At Houston, Fouke oversaw the introduction of the football program, baseball program, men's basketball program, and the women's basketball program among others.

During Fouke's last year at Houston, he was awarded the Corbett Award by the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics.  Fouke was also a former president of the organization from 1974 to 1975.  From 1962 until 1999, Fouke was the namesake of the Fouke Athletic Building on the campus of the University of Houston.  It was demolished for the placement of the Athletics/Alumni Building.

References

1913 births
1992 deaths
Houston Cougars athletic directors
Rice Owls football players
High school football coaches in Texas
Sportspeople from Texarkana, Texas

Harry Fouke


Universal Circulating Music Library was a music publishers' activity established in the United Kingdom in the 1850s and 1860s. By the 1920s no significant such circulating libraries by music publishers survived, most probably due to reduced demand (the interested public would just buy the music they were interested in). In terms of the housed collections/music in such "libraries" run by publishers, it is probably fair to say that most was lost, with only some still being in music publisher's archives.

Messrs. Schuermann & Co.
Messrs. Schuermann & Co. were probably the first music publisher in the United Kingdom to start a Universal Circulating Music Library in 1855. An announcement at the time stated:
'Many of our readers will be glad to have their attention directed towards the very comprehensive Music Library which has been formed by Messrs. Schuermann & Co., of 72, Newgate-street. The catalogue contains more than 42,042 separately numbered works, embracing almost every English and Foreign publication, under various headings and subdivisions.

Libraries of reference are of such absolute necessity to all students, especially to the musician, that several attempts have been made to satisfy the want; but most of these labor under the serious disadvantage of being confined to either one class of musical works, or—as in the case of the British Museum—of being available only to those who can go from home to study.

Messrs. Schuermann's arrangements allow of a very liberal supply of works at the subscriber's private residence, And the small annual cost would be well bestowed even by those who ultimately intend to purchase a private library for their own use, because it affords so complete an opportunity of examining the merits of a work previously to purchase. A very handsomely printed catalogue may be purchased at small cost; its perusal will fully prove the great outlay at which the proprietors have got together this collection.'

Novello, Ewer & Co.
The Universal Circulating Music Library provided by Novello, Ewer & Co. dates back to 1867/68. The preface of the first catalogue states:
The Universal Circulating Music Library:
This Library, which was established, and has been most successfully carried on since 1859, by Messrs. Ewer and Co., has been purchased by Messr. Novello and Co., and will be continued by them under the style of Novello, Ewer and Co.
In addition to the works named in the Library Catalogue, the whole of the publications of Messr. Novello, Ewer and Co. will be available to Subscribers; and neither expense nor exertion will be spared to make the Library still more complete.
A Supplement is now added to the present Catalogue, which makes the collection the largest and most valuable ever offered to the public. All New Music (Foreign or English) of merit will be added to the Library as soon as published, and every endeavour will be made to supply the wants of Subscribers immediately on application.
August, 1867.

The terms of subscription and the regulations of use are given on the next page.

Notes

Further reading
 William C. Smith, 'Music Publishing in the British Isles from the Beginnings until the Middle of the Nineteenth Century', 2nd edn., Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1970.
 Alec Hyatt King  'Music Circulating Libraries in Britain', in 'The Musical Times', Vol. 119, No. 1620 (Feb., 1978), pp. 134–138.
 John A. Parkinson, 'Victorian Music Publishers: An Annotated List' (Detroit Studies in Music Bibliography, 64) Warren, Mich.: 1990.

Music publishing
Music libraries
Music organisations based in the United Kingdom

Universal Circulating Music Library


Andrey Yakovlevich Dashkov (Russian: Андрей Яковлевич Дашков) was the first Russian ambassador to the United States. He was born in 1775 in St. Petersburg. In 1807, diplomatic relations were formally established between the Russian Empire and the United States, and in 1808 he was appointed by Tsar Aleksandr I as the Russian consul general and chargé d'affaires to the United States. He arrived in Philadelphia in the same year, was later appointed ambassador, and served until 1817. He died on June 21, 1831 in Stockholm.

War of 1812
During the War of 1812, the White House door keeper gave Ambassador Dashkov the key to the White House as the American government fled the capital city.

References

Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the United States
1775 births
1831 deaths
Diplomats from Saint Petersburg

Andrey Yakovlevich Dashkov


A healthy lifestyle is one which helps to keep and improve people's health and well-being and can also help overcome lots of stress. Many governments and non-governmental organizations work in promoting healthy lifestyles.  Healthy living is a lifelong effect. Being healthy includes healthy eating, physical activities, weight management, and stress management.

A healthy lifestyle includes a balanced diet. This does not mean cutting out important food groups from your diet or limiting yourself on the amount of calories per day. A well-rounded diet involves eating most food groups in every meal. Meats, dairy, fruits, and vegetables are all important components of a meal that will ensure your body is healthy.

Doing a healthy diet brings a lifestyle that can change your life into being healthier and physically fit. According to Jim Rohn, "Take care of your body. It's the only place you have to live."

Components of a healthy lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle is mostly associated with:
 Good diet
 Physical exercise
 Good sleeping pattern
 Personal hygiene
 No bad habits or addiction
 Health education
 Safe environment
 Physical fitness
 Love through social support and healthy relationships
Emotions
 Active social life

References

Other websites
 Healthy Cities – WHO EURO Office
 Health-EU Portal  Health Prevention and Promotion in the EU

Healthy lifestyle


Kid Speed also known as The Four Wheeled Terror is a 1924 American silent comedy film directed by Larry Semon and featuring Oliver Hardy.

Plot

A group of young men are tuning up their race cars and sportsters in a small garage. Dangerous Dan McGraw (Hardy) gets a note from rich Mr Du Poys saying he wants to see his car and will bring his daughter along. They arrive in an open-top chauffeur driven limo.

Meanwhile, Kid Speed checks his appearance in a broken mirror. His car is under repair and a black mechanic lies underneath while it backfires. The noise wakes the neighbour: town sheriff Phil O'Delfya. He shouts across to be quiet. Kid Speed apologises, They plan to quietly drive off but instead he goes into reverse, crashing through all walls and hitting the sheriff's bed. When he drives forward he has the sheriff on his bed in tow. His speed increases. On a bend the bed detaches and goes down a steep slope with the sheriff cartwheeling into a lake at the bottom.

Kid Speed is truly driving fast in his no.14 race car, with dust being thrown up behind him. He arrives at the garage where Du Poys' daughter waves to him in admiration. Dan objects to their flirting.

We jump to the racetrack, labelled RAJC on the small hill behind. Dan is in no.8 and plans to sabotage Kid Speed. They are told the winner can take out Du Poys' daughter every Wednesday.

A dozen or so cars speed around the heavily banked track for two laps then go on a cross country section. The racing is clearly real. Kid Speed is the only car with a second: his mechanic squeezed in beside him. He gets told the car has no brakes and he laughs. The mechanic gets thrown out on a corner. Kid Speed crashes and is passed by the other cars. The car goes off on its own and he runs faster than the cars to jump back in.

Dan's car crosses a concrete bridge which then blows up, but Kid Speed launches over the gap. It becomes a two car race. A second huge explosion causes a landslide which is meant to bury Kid Speed but buries Dan instead.

Kid Speed crosses the finish line in a cloud of dust. He kisses the girl.

Cast
 Dorothy Dwan as Lou DuPoise
 James J. Jeffries as Blacksmith/Tailor
 Oliver Hardy as Dangerous Dan McGraw (credited as Oliver N. Hardy)
 Frank Alexander as Mr. Avery DuPoise
 William Hauber as Sheriff Phil O'Delfa
 Grover G. Ligon
 Larry Semon as The Speed Kid
 Spencer Bell as The Speed Kid's co-driver and mechanic (not credited)

See also
 List of American films of 1924

References

External links

1924 films
1924 comedy films
1924 short films
American silent short films
Silent American comedy films
American black-and-white films
American auto racing films
Films directed by Noel M. Smith
Films directed by Larry Semon
American comedy short films
1920s American films

Kid Speed


Located adjacent to the Arkansas River, Riverdale is a neighborhood of Little Rock, Arkansas, situated in the north-central area of the city.  It lies to the northeast and at a lower elevation from Pulaski Heights, and to the northwest of downtown.

Riverdale contains a considerable amount of warehouses in the eastern part of the neighborhood, served by Union Pacific rail lines that travel through the area.  The warehouse section is flanked on the east by the corporate headquarters of Dillard's Department Stores, and is noted for a couple of larger gay nightclubs, Discovery and Triniti, as well as the landmark restaurant and bar, Cajun's Wharf, one of many such businesses with a long presence in Little Rock.

The neighborhood progresses westward toward shopping areas, office complexes, and upscale residential communities.  Part of the lure to Riverdale in recent years for shoppers has been an increased emphasis on design-oriented businesses, with retailers offering antiques, ceramics, fine fabrics, plants and specialty lighting fixtures.  Accompanying these shops is a popular mix of restaurants skewing toward Southern and Italian cuisine.

Beyond shopping venues, soccer fields and corporate towers inch the neighborhood toward the riverfront.  Regional headquarters for telecommunications providers Verizon Communications and Windstream Communications, as well as the non-profit service organization Winrock International, are among the companies whose executives broker deals here, and KATV (channel 7) moved their studio facilities to a building along Riverfront in January 2023. A combination of gated communities, apartments and condominiums buffer the corporate corridor from Rebsamen Golf Course, the city's largest public golf course, and Murray Park to the far west along Riverfront Drive.

References

Neighborhoods in Little Rock, Arkansas

Riverdale (Little Rock)


Paul Édouard Passy (; 13 January 1859, Versailles21 March 1940, Bourg-la-Reine) was a French linguist, founder of the International Phonetic Association in 1886.
He took part in the elaboration of the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Early life
Paul Passy was born into a notable French family: his father Frédéric, a noted economist and politician, was the first recipient (along with Henry Dunant) of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1901. Passy mastered English, German, and Italian as a child, and studied Sanskrit and Gothic Latin at the École des Hautes Études. He graduated from university at 19 and spent ten years as a language teacher (English and German) in public schools as an alternative to military service. Around this time he also became a committed Christian.

Career
Passy was largely self-taught in phonetics; his interest was prompted by his dissatisfaction with the methods of language teaching at the time. In 1886, Passy founded the Phonetic Teachers' Association, which later became the International Phonetic Association. His friend Otto Jespersen was an early member of the association.

Passy gave private lessons in phonetics and French pronunciation at his home in Bourg-la-Reine; among his students was Daniel Jones. In 1894, he took up a chair in General and Comparative Phonetics at the École des Hautes Études (a position created especially for him), and by 1897 had become an assistant director of the school. Apart from a four-year hiatus beginning in 1913, when he was dismissed on political grounds for opposing an extension to mandatory military service, he remained at the École des Hautes Études until his retirement in 1926.

In 1896, he began to give lectures and practical phonetics classes at the Sorbonne, where he was the first teacher to insist that women be allowed to attend his classes.

Religion
Passy was devoted to Christian socialism. He founded an agricultural colony called Liéfra, named after Liberté, égalité, fraternité, near Fontette, Aube.

References

External links
 Biography of Paul Passy at University of Warwick ELT Archive

1859 births
1940 deaths
Linguists from France
Passy family

Paul Passy


Gwaramari is a Newa cuisine which literally means round bread- "Gwara" meaning round and "mari" meaning traditional bread. The food is popular in Kathmandu area. It is eaten in breakfast usually served with a milk tea.

Gwaramari is prepared by mixing flour with baking powder, spices, and water to make a dough which is deep-fried in chunks.

References

Food and drink in Nepal
Breads

Gwaramari


William Reid Blyton, Baron Blyton (2 May 1899 – 25 October 1987) was a British Labour Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Houghton-le-Spring in the County of Durham from 1945 to 1964.

Early life
Born in Bowman Street, in the Tyne Dock area of South Shields, Tyne & Wear (then in County Durham), he attended Holy Trinity Primary School and Dean Road Secondary Modern.

Blyton married Jennie Ord at Holy Trinity Church in South Shields on 26 December 1919 and they had three daughters - Jennie, Marion and Rita.

On leaving school, he began an apprenticeship at Harton Colliery, where he worked for the next 32 years. Blyton represented Harton Miners Lodge and was also chairman of the local Labour Party. He remained a great trade union man throughout his life, becoming a member of the National Union of Mineworkers, and served as a member of South Shields Town Council, chairing its education and electricity committees.

During the Second World War, he served in the submarine service.

Political career
Blyton was elected Member of Parliament for Houghton-le-Spring, County Durham, at the 1945 general election, serving until 1964.

When MPs were discussing the 1960 Betting and Gaming Act, he successfully fought to have dominoes and Fives and Threes legally recognised as games of skill, rather than chance, saying: "5s and 3s takes a great deal more skill, if one wants to win, than chess – that monotonous game which I see played in the smoking room so often. It also requires more skill than playing draughts, in trying to think what the next moves will be."

He was created a life peer as Baron Blyton, of South Shields in the County of Durham, by Harold Wilson on 16 December 1964. When approached by the College of Arms about commissioning a coat of arms, he asked if he could have a pint of brown ale quartered with a greyhound rampant, crossed darts and a miner's lamp. On being informed that he could not, he cheerfully retorted that he would keep his £300 then.

In a debate in the House of Lords in 1965, responding to a statement by Lord Stonham, he made clear his views on the Conservative Party, saying: "My Lords, does my noble friend not recognise that the Conservative Party, both here and in another place, are very thin-skinned? Does he appreciate that my noble friend Lord Stonham's words this weekend are not incomparable with what Sir Winston Churchill said about the Conservative Party? He said: 'The Conservative Party is not a party but a conspiracy … the great vested interests handed together in a formidable federation; corruption at home, aggression to cover it up abroad, the trickery of tariff juggles, the tyranny of a party machine, sentiment by the bucketful, patriotism by the imperial pint, the open hand at the public Exchequer. The open door at the public house, dear food for the million, cheap labour for the millionaire … the Conservative Party is nothing less than a deliberate attempt on the part of important sections of the propertied classes to transfer their burdens to the shoulders of the masses of the people and to claim greater profits for the investment of their capital by charging higher prices. My noble friend's words are no worse than the words of Sir Winston Churchill, whom we all revered."

Today, he would have been viewed as a eurosceptic. In 1972, as the United Kingdom prepared to join the European Union, he said: "The stark proposal... is to hand over power to legislate for, govern and tax British people in perpetuity to bodies outside this country.... This Treaty takes away the sovereignty of Britain."

In a debate on the Loch Ness Monster, he said: "My lords, is my noble friend aware that it will be an act of sacrilege to take away from the Scottish Tourist Board the myth of the monster of Loch Ness by which they get many gullible tourists every year?"

He was the Chairman of the Governors at South Shields Grammar Technical School for Boys.

A primary school in South Shields is named after him. He was made a Freeman of the town of South Shields in 1950.

Later life
He lived in later life in the Biddick Hall area of the town, where he moved with his family in the 1930s. He was famed for his jovial and approachable personality and is claimed to have displayed none of the self-importance often associated with successful politicians. He was an active member of Simonside Social Club, where he was nicknamed "Baron Billy".

References

External links

1899 births
1987 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) life peers
National Union of Mineworkers-sponsored MPs
Councillors in Tyne and Wear
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Billy Blyton, Baron Blyton


Colias philodice, the common sulphur or clouded sulphur, is a North American butterfly in the family Pieridae, subfamily Coliadinae.

Description
This species is a typical member of the genus. Both genders typically have pale yellow wings above with no traces of orange, unlike its close cousin the orange sulphur which may also be yellowish. Males have clean borders, while females have yellow dots within this region. Females sometimes exhibit a white form known as alba.

The underside of the male's wings is yellow while the female's is yellow or greenish white, and both have a doubled hindwing spot trimmed in brownish red. The hindwings show a series of four small red spots along the outer third portion, a trait that distinguishes the other North America species such as Colias interior, with exception of the orange sulphur which also shows them. Its wingspan is 32 to 54 mm.

 Form alba

This species has white form alba which can be very common in some populations, while rare in others. It can be confused with other white forms of Colias particularly that of Colias eurytheme. It can often be distinguished by the border pattern of both wings, though some individuals are impossible to separate without the presence of other "normal" specimens. Though they differ in flight style, the white forms of Colias may be confused with other pierids such as Pieris rapae and Pontia protodice.

White form males are also known, but they are exceedingly rare in this species.

Habitat
This butterfly may be encountered in fields, lawns, alfalfa or clover fields, meadows, and roadsides. Swarms of these butterflies will congregate at mud puddles. They range over most of North America with the exception of Labrador, Nunavut, and northern Quebec. They migrate every year.

Nectar plants
Clouded sulphurs nectar at flowers such as milkweed (Asclepias species), butterfly bush (Buddleja species), coneflower (Dracopis, Echinacea, and Rudbeckia), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), dandelion (Taraxacum species), clover (Trifolium species), and tall verbena (Verbena bonariensis) and many more.

Host plants
Ground-plum (Astragalus crassicarpus), Platte River milk-vetch (Astragalus plattensis), soybean (Glycine max), deer vetch (Lotus species), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), white sweet clover (Melilotus albus), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense), vetch (Vicia species)

Life cycle
The pale yellow eggs are laid singly on the host plants. The eggs turn red after a few days, then turn gray just before they hatch. The young larvae will eat one another. The larva is green with a white stripe running along each side of the body. The white stripes may contain bars or lines of pink or orange. The green chrysalis hangs up right by a silken girdle. Just before eclosion, the chrysalis turns yellow with a pink "zipper".

Gallery

Similar species
 Colias eurytheme – orange sulphur
 Colias interior – pink-edged sulphur

References

External links

 Photos of adults and larva

 Clouded sulphur, Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility
 Clouded sulphur, Red Planet Inc.
 Clouded sulphur, Fairfax County Public Schools
 Clouded sulphur, Nearctic.com

philodice
Butterflies of North America
Insects of the Arctic
Butterflies described in 1819
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Godart

Colias philodice


German (GER-man, ) is a South Slavic mythological being, recorded in the folklore of eastern Serbia and northern Bulgaria. He is a male spirit associated with bringing rain and hail. His influence on these precipitations can be positive, resulting in the amount of rain beneficial for agriculture, or negative, with a drought, downpours, or hail. Rituals connected with German included making a doll intended to represent this personage. This effigy of German, made of rags, fired clay, or dried fruits, was rather large, usually with a distinct representation of the male genitals. It was produced and used in rituals exclusively by girls or young women.

In Eastern Serbia, when a drought developed, girls would make such a doll, and bring it to a river bank. Depending on the regional custom, they would either bury it by the river, or put it in a little coffin and let it float down the river. Two of the girls would then start lamenting for the doll. Asked by the others why they were crying, they would answer, "We are crying for German; because of the drought German has died so that the rain may fall." If the amount of rain falling should then become excessive, the doll would be dug up again. In northern Bulgaria, the rituals with German usually followed immediately after the Dodola rituals, but could be performed independently from them. In some villages they were carried out on the Feast of Saint Germanus. Girls would make the doll, 20 to 50 cm long, and lay it on a slate or in a little coffin. Having adorned it with flowers, they would bury it with funeral observances. After three, nine, or forty days, the doll was dug up and thrown into water.

People would also try to ward off destructive summer hailstorms by placating German with a ritual performed on Christmas Eve. This ritual was recorded in the area around Pirot at the beginning of the 20th century. Immediately before the start of the Christmas Eve dinner, the head of the household would go out to his woodpile, to invite German to dinner. He would take with him a loaf of bread called "good luck", prepared particularly for this ritual, slivovitz, wine, and a wax candle. At the woodpile, he would shout three times, "German, German, wherever you are, come to dinner right now, and in the summer do not let me see your eyes anywhere!" He would then light the candle, take a sip of slivovitz, taste some bread, drink wine, and go back into his house. Asked how he had fared in his encounter with German, he would answer, "He came, so we dined and drank amply of slivovitz and wine, and then we parted."

German, who dies so that the nature may regenerate with the falling of rain, can be understood as a spirit of vegetation, dying and then resurrecting with the revival of vegetation. His distinctly represented male genitals symbolize fertility. The doll of German is presumably a metaphorical replacement of the former human sacrifice. It can be included among the Slavic sacrificial dolls, together with the dolls of Yarilo, Kostroma, and Morena.

In Christianized folk beliefs German is identified with Saint Germanus. This saint is associated with the protection from hail, and occasionally from lightning, though the latter was generally ascribed to Saint Elijah.

See also
 Caloian
 Dodola and Perperuna

Notes

References

Slavic legendary creatures
Bulgarian folklore
Bulgarian traditions
Romanian traditions
Serbian folklore
Serbian traditions
Rain deities
Life-death-rebirth gods
Fertility gods
Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints

German (mythology)


Events from the year 1519 in art.

Paintings

 Girolamo Alibrandi paints the Presentation at the Temple.
 Hans Burckmair paints a panel picture of the Crucifixion, with St. George and the Emperor Heinrich on the wings.
 Albrecht Dürer paints St Anne with the Virgin and Child.
 Sebastiano del Piombo paints The Raising of Lazarus and Portrait of a Man, said to be Christopher Columbus.
 Raffaello Sanzio paints Pope Leo X with Cardinals Giulio de'Medici and Luigi de'Rossi.
 Titian finishes painting The Worship of Venus (Madrid, Museo del Prado).
 Bernard van Orley paints Joris van Zelle.
 Wen Cheng-ming paints Scholars at Leisure in a Precipitous Ravine.
 The portrait of Emperor Maximilian in Nürnberg is painted.

Births
April 17 - Frans Floris, Flemish historical painter (died 1570)
date unknown - Pedro de Villegas Marmolejo, Spanish sculptor and painter (died 1596)

Deaths
May 2 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian architect, anatomist, sculptor, engineer, inventor, geometer, scientist, mathematician, musician and painter (born 1452)
July 2 - Francesco Bonsignori, Italian painter (born 1455)
November 30 - Michael Wolgemut, German painter and printmaker (born 1434)
date unknown
Alexander Bening, miniature painter of the Ghent-Bruges school and Netherlandish tradition (born unknown)
Domenico Fancelli, Italian sculptor working in Spain (born 1469)
Ambrosius Holbein, German and Swiss artist in painting, drawing and printmaking (born 1494)
Jan Joest, Dutch painter (born 1450/1460)
Antoine Juste, Italian sculptor (born 1479)
Juan de Flandes, Early Netherlandish painter who was active in Spain (born 1460)
Jan Polack, Polish-born German painter (born 1435)
Bartholomäus Zeitblom, German painter and the chief master of the school of Ulm (born 1450)

References

Years of the 16th century in art

1519 in art


Dominik Wörner (born 1970) is a German classical bass singer in concert, Lied and opera. He is a specialist in Baroque music, especially works by Bach, but is open to music of other eras including contemporary music.

Career

Born in Grünstadt, Wörner studied music at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart, in Fribourg, Bern and Zürich. He studied church music, voice and musicology, voice with Jakob Stämpfli and Lied with Irwin Gage.

Wörner has performed with conductors such as Carl St.Clair, Christophe Coin, Thomas Hengelbrock, Philippe Herreweghe, Tõnu Kaljuste, Sigiswald Kuijken and Helmuth Rilling. He has recorded especially music by Johann Sebastian Bach, such as the vox Christi in his St John Passion and the Mass in B minor. He recorded several cantatas in the project conducted by Masaaki Suzuki with the Bach Collegium Japan to record all sacred Bach cantatas, including volume 33 in 2005 and volume 36 in 2006. He took part in Sigiswald Kuijken's project to record Cantatas through the Liturgical Year with the ensemble La Petite Bande on period instruments and one voice per part (OVPP). He recorded Bach's solo cantatas for bass such as Ich will den Kreuzstab gerne tragen, BWV 56, for example in 2013 with Ryo Terakado conducting the ensemble il Gardellino. In 2009 Wörner recorded Lieder by Hans Rott, a contemporary of Gustav Mahler. In 2006 he recorded Lieder from Vienna written in the fin de siècle period, titled "Hugo Wolf und der Wiener Jugendstil", by composers such as Alban Berg, Arnold Schönberg, Franz Schreker and Hugo Wolf, writing the program notes himself. A review of the "ambitious project" noted: "Wörner's quiet but colorful bass-baritone and reflective attitude toward the text are evocative of the small gatherings in which the music of the Second Viennese School took shape". Wörner recorded with his own Ensemble Kirchheimer BachConsort Christoph Graupner's  cantatas for epiphany and also Bach's Dialog-cantatas with Hana Blazikova.

Wörner appeared on the opera stage at the Solothurn theatre in the title role of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Le devin du village, which was recorded conducted by Andreas Reize. He premiered works composed for him, such as Canticum Canticorum by Marco Sofianopoulo, first performed in the Trieste Cathedral, and Werner Jacob's Lamentatio and Triptychon in St. Sebald in Nuremberg, for the broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk.

Awards

In 2002 he was awarded first prize at the 13th International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition of Leipzig and a special prize from the Leipzig Baroque Orchestra.

References

External links

 Dominik Wörner toccatamusic.nl

1970 births
Living people
21st-century German male opera singers
German basses
German performers of early music
Operatic basses
Zurich University of the Arts alumni
State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart alumni
People from Bad Dürkheim (district)

Dominik Wörner


Inverkip (; ) is a village and parish in the Inverclyde council area and historic county of Renfrewshire in the west central Lowlands of Scotland,  southwest of Greenock and  north of Largs on the A78 trunk road. The village takes its name from the River Kip and is served by Inverkip railway station.

History

Origins
In 1170 Baldwin de Bigres, Sheriff of Lanark, granted a stretch of land to the monks of Paisley Abbey. This land was described as "The pennyland between the rivulets Kip and Daff". Pennyland is an old Scots word of Norse origin which is used to describe a small piece of land, the rent for which is one penny per year.

The area granted to the monks in 1170 equates to much of the north section of today's village, from the bridge over the Daff on Main Street, near Inverkip Hotel to the old bridge over the River Kip at Bridgend Cottages. Extending to the coast at the old bridge at Kip Marina and probably as far inland as the railway line.

Inverkip was made a burgh of barony before the Act of Union in 1707, with the parish containing all of Gourock, Wemyss Bay, Skelmorlie and part of Greenock.

Inverkip Church

By 1188, the monks had built a church on the site of the present old graveyard, at what is now the junction of Langhouse Road and Millhouse Road. This small church (known as Auld Kirk) served the entire Christian population between Kilmacolm and Largs for around 400 years. The existing (derelict) mausoleum of the Shaw-Stewarts stands on the site of the original church and incorporates some of its structure. The Christians of Greenock presented a petition to the Crown for a Church of their own. This resulted in the opening of the Old West Kirk in Greenock in 1859 and brought to an end the regular six mile each way treks by Sunday worshipers from Greenock to Inverkip. A journey which must have been very demanding, given the terrain and the absence of proper roads during that period.

The present church building on Langhouse Road was completed in 1805, reputedly to a plan by the civil engineer Thomas Telford, but there is no evidence to support this and the design of Inverkip Church is quite different from the known 'Telford Kirks' which were built during the same period. The church building is described by Historic Environment Scotland as  "2-storey type; simple Renaissance with upper windows round-headed; open belfry at front gable; (1804-5). Clock on pediment several of windows blocked up, but fenestration pattern kept in black & white".

The church hall and manse were built during the 1960s and stand across Langhouse Road from the church itself. The old manse (now known as Kirkbrae house) is also on Langhouse Road, between the original and present churches. It was built in 1730 and is now a private residence.

Ardgowan

By the 13th century, a castle had been built at what is now Ardgowan House. This early castle changed hands between the Scots and the English during the Wars of Independence. Robert The Bruce fought here for both sides during this period. The land was acquired by the Stewarts in 1390 and they built the existing castle during the 15th century. Contained in the gardens of Ardgowan House and away from the public eye, it consists of a three-storey square keep with a garret. The main entrance is at first floor level and is accessed by an external stairway. The castle was abandoned as a residence when Ardgowan House was built by the Shaw-Stewarts in 1799–1801. Following construction of Ardgowan House, the first proper road to Greenock was constructed by Sir John Shaw Stewart and opened in 1803.

Ardgowan House served as a military hospital during both world wars and has the distinction of being the first Scottish military hospital to be damaged by German bombs. The damage was slight and no casualties were recorded, but many windows at the house were smashed.

Witchcraft & Witch Hunts
Inverkip was a hotbed of witchcraft activity for half a century from 1640 to 1690. The Ministers of the parish at the time, the Rev John Hamilton (1626 to 1664) and Rev Alexander Leslie (1665 to 1684) were noted as being 'zealous persecutors of witches'. A Royal Enquiry into the Inverkip witch hunts, which have been compared to those at Salem, was led by Archibald Stewart of Blackhall. During this enquiry 18 year old Marie Lamont was tried as a witch before the Commission, Sir Archibald and the Rev John Hamilton. Marie confessed that 'Jean King, Kattie Scott, Janet Holm, herself and sundry others, met together in the mirk, at the bucht-gait of Ardgowan whar, the devil was with them in the shape of a black man with cloven feet, and directit them to fetch whyte sand fre the shore, and cast it about yetts of Ardgowan and about the ministers hous'. Marie was found guilty of witchcraft and burned at the stake, the fate of the others is not known.

A local verse recalls another notable character during this period...

"In Auld Kirk the witches ride thick
And in Dunrod they dwell;
But the greatest loon amang them a'
Is Auld Dunrod himsel'."

'Auld Dunrod' was the last of the Lindsay family of Dunrod Castle. As the result of a dissolute life he lost all his possessions and fell into the black arts. Local reputation had it that he was in league with the devil, and he died in mysterious circumstances in a barn belonging to one of his former tenant farmers. Nothing now remains of the castle which stood at the foot of Dunrod Hill.

Shaws Water Scheme

Commissioned by Sir Michael Shaw Stewart, 5th Baronet and designed by industrialist Robert Thom of Rothesay, this grand water supply scheme in the hills behind the village was completed in 1827. It entailed the damming of Shaws Water (a small stream on the other side of the hills from Greenock) to create what is now known as Loch Thom. The Greenock Cut was also created to supply water from the loch, around the hills, to the town of Greenock for domestic and industrial purposes.

The scheme was still in use as recently as 1971, at which time it was made obsolete by the boring of a tunnel through Whinhill.

Cholera Outbreak
1849 was a disastrous year for the village; not only did the crops fail, but one third of the population died due to an outbreak of cholera.

Smuggling
During the late 18th century and early 19th century, the village was noted for smuggling activities involving the illicit transfer of alcohol, tea and tobacco from vessels heading up the Firth of Clyde to the ports of Greenock and Port Glasgow.

One well known case is that of Thomas Finnie, a local milkman, whose tale is recorded in the records of the Innerkip Society:

The Railway

1865 saw the opening of the Port Glasgow to Wemyss Bay line by the Greenock and Wemyss Bay Railway Company, with the trains being operated by the Caledonian Railway Company. A station was opened at Inverkip in 1867 and this resulted in the transformation of Inverkip from a rural agricultural village community to being more of a seaside resort busy with railway trippers from Greenock and Glasgow. A jetty near the present day War Memorial served ferry boats which tendered to the passing Paddle Steamers. The railway line was electrified in 1967 and has been served by EMUs (Electric Multiple Units) of various classes since then. The line was made single track at this time, which resulted in Inverkip station being reduced to a single platform and losing its bridges across the line. A new footbridge across the line was opened in 2014, with a lift to provide wheelchair access as there was insufficient space for ramp access on the downhill side.

Energy Supplies
By 1900 a gas supply was piped to the village from Bankfoot, which was the home farm of Ardgowan Estate and which is located around a mile outside the village on the road to Greenock. The 1913 OS 25 inch map shows a gasometer at the farm

Electricity arrived in the village in 1932, supplied from the Hydro scheme in nearby Skelmorlie.

World War II

The mouth of Kip Water was excavated in 1940 by the Army Royal Engineers Unit to enable the storage of barges. After the war, this excavated area became a popular bathing and boating area with locals and day-trippers alike.

Two large concrete blocks on the beach nearby are probably tank traps, a relic of this time.

Kip Marina now stands on the site of the WWII excavation.

The army built and occupied 28 houses in Daff Avenue at this time. These houses survive today and can be seen just off Main Street at Langhouse Road.

Housing

From 1951-1957 Renfrewshire County Council built the Crawford Lane and Glebe Road housing scheme. This development lies on the high ground at Langhouse Road, behind the present church building. This provided much needed affordable, good quality housing to local people in the immediate post-WWII years.

Since the 1980s the village has seen many large private housing developments completed, including off Langhouse Road, Swallow Brae, Kip Marina and several at the 'Hill Farm' site off Finnockbog Road. Further housing developments are planned at the former power station site.

The village now serves largely as a dormitory to Greenock and the major towns beyond.

Road Transport

The village stands on the A78 coast road which runs from Greenock to Monkton, near Prestwick Airport. Main Street was the A78 road until the bypass opened in the early 1970s.

The single carriageway bypass road was designed with wide margins to provide long sight lines and to enable future construction of a dual carriageway if traffic demanded it. Evidence of this can be seen at the flyover at the power station access road, which is dual carriageway, with just one side being used.

Despite the bypass, Main Street is still congested due to the presence of many parked cars.

Inverkip Power Station (demolished)

Inverkip power station was an oil-fired power station which was constructed during the 1970s and demolished between 2010 and 2015. Due to the increase in oil prices as a result of the 1973 Oil Crisis, the station was never used commercially to full capacity (except during the UK miners' strike (1984–85)). Power generation stopped in 1988 and the station was kept in reserve before being mothballed in the late 1990s. It was decommissioned in 2006. at which time some of the equipment was sold and transferred to other power stations around the country.

The  chimney was the tallest free standing structure in Scotland and the third tallest in the UK when it was built in 1976.

Population
Since its origins, the village population has grown from around 200 to around 3300 (2016 projection). The population of the village has doubled since the 1980s housing boom.

The murder of Margaret Fleming took place in Inverkip in 1999-2000.

Places of interest

Kip Marina

Today Inverkip is most notable for Kip Marina, which was the first marina in Scotland and one of only three in the UK when it opened in 1971.

Located at the mouth of Kip Water in an area that was excavated for use as barge storage during WWII, the marina has grown steadily over the years and now has over 600 berths and associated marine services such as a chandlery, sales and repair services.

The Chartroom bar & restaurant at the marina caters not only for sailors, but also the wider community, including the adjacent Kip Marina Village which is a housing estate which was established in the 2000s.

The marina hosts the annual Scotland's Boat Show each October.

Greenock Cut Visitor Centre

The Centre (prior to 2011 it was  known as Cornalees Bridge Visitor Centre) is around three miles (5 km) east of Inverkip on Dunrod road at Cornalees Bridge.

It lies within Clyde Muirshiel Regional Park and is the base for the Inverclyde Ranger Service. The centre includes a small display which describes the history of "The Cut". The centre has toilets and a large free car park. Toilets are open daily, while the centre is only open when the Rangers are on duty and working in or near the visitor centre. Best to call ahead if you want to see inside.

A 7-mile (11.25 km) circular walk from the visitor centre offers views of Loch Thom and the surrounding reservoirs as well as views of the Firth of Clyde and the south Highlands. This walk is virtually traffic-free and is suitable for mountain bikes, although they must give way to walkers as the path on the Cut is narrow

Lunderston Bay

Also part of the regional park is Lunderston Bay, a popular picnic spot on the Firth of Clyde which has a ranger service and toilet facilities.

The bay is visited by bird watchers, hikers, cyclists and dog walkers. During the summer months it is a popular place for picnics and sea bathing.

A coastal path (part of the National Cycle Network, Route 75) runs south from the bay to Inverkip, via Ardgowan Estate and Kip Marina. Seals and several species of bird can be seen from the path all year round. A pod of Orcas (Killer Whales) was spotted here in early 2018.

Cardwell Garden Centre at the bay sells wide range of plants plus home and garden related equipment and tools. It has a large restaurant.

Inverkip AAOR

At the top of Langhouse Road a building reminiscent of the Cold War can be found in Square Wood. Known locally as 'the radar station', formally known as Inverkip Anti-Aircraft Operations Room (AAOR), the building (which is mostly underground) served "3 Group 77 Brigade, the Clyde Anchorage gun defended area (GDA)".

The site was the original base of , which operated there from 1965 to 1982.

Conversion to residential use commenced in early 2011, but by August 2017 little visible progress had been made outside, and the inside was several feet deep with water.

Inverkip Primary School

The village primary school is located on Station Road, in the heart of the old village. It has around 290 pupils (including a pre-5 nursery) with capacity for 320.

The original 1836 two roomed school building still exists and is in daily use.

Three extensions have been added since the mid 20th century.

Inverkip Community Hub

A small community Centre named 'Inverkip Community Hub' was opened in the village in early 2017. It is located at Kip Park, by the A78 Main Road at the north end of the village, between Bridgend and the village proper. It was built on the site of the grass football pitch.

The centre includes a public library, meeting rooms, a main hall which can serve as a theatre and kitchen and catering facilities for up to 100 people.

There is also a floodlit all weather sports pitch at the hub.

This is the first public community centre in the village. The previous private community centre was demolished to make way for the Kip Park retail development.

Old Church Graveyard

The old section of the graveyard on Millhouse Road at Langhouse Road contains the tomb of the chemist Dr. James "Paraffin" Young who was nicknamed 'Paraffin' because of his pioneering work in oil technology. He lived at the nearby Kelly Estate (above Wemyss Bay).

The graveyard also contains the derelict mausoleum of the Shaw Stewart baronets of Ardgowan. It was last used in the 1970s and is in a poor state of repair.

The mausoleum stands on the site of the original 1188 church (known as Auld Kirk) and incorporates parts of the original church.

Inverkip War Memorial

The white granite simple obelisk memorial was erected by the people of the village in 1920 to commemorate the young local men who died in the First World War.

The memorial was updated to add the names of local men who died in the Second World War.

It is located at the west end of the village, beside the A78 Greenock to Largs road in what is now a small area of parkland and lay-by which was created when the road was re-aligned in the early 1970s.

A WWI centenary memorial bench was added nearby around 2015.

Inverkip Yacht Club

The club was formed in 1880 and is one of the oldest in Scotland. The current boathouse stands on an elevated position near the war memorial, on land that was donated to the club by Sir Michael Robert Shaw Stewart of Ardgowan for that purpose.

Local Businesses
Inverkip is mainly a residential village and does not possess a large number of businesses. A sub post office was located within the former pharmacy in what was (until 2010) the general store on Main Street. That building was vacated when the pharmacy moved along Main Street to Kip Park and the village has been without a Post Office since that time (early 2020). Kip Park is a retail and business block, located at the north end of Main Street. Businesses operating there include a fish & chip shop, supermarket, hairdresser, nursery and a pharmacy with a coffee shop. A dentists surgery is located on Main Street at the junction with Station Road.

Across the A78 road at Kip Marina, several yachting related businesses can be found in addition to the marina itself. A bar/restaurant, cafe and gallery are also located there.

Accommodation

Inverkip Hotel is a traditional Scottish village hotel, with a bar and restaurant. A former coaching inn dating back over 300 years, it is located on Main Street in the heart of the old village.

There are also at least two B&B establishments in the village.

Nearby Places of Interest
Inverkip is fairly central for other attractions, including Greenock town centre and the holiday town of Largs, which is 9 miles down the Clyde coast. Frequent car and passenger ferry services to the Isle of Cumbrae, Isle of Bute and the Cowal peninsula operate from Largs, Wemyss Bay and Gourock respectively.

Gallery

See also
 Inverkip Castle

Notes and references

External links

 Inverkip Community Website
 Inverkip Primary School website
 Inverkip Community Hub website

Villages in Inverclyde
Firth of Clyde

Inverkip