Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) is an 8-bit character encoding. It is used mainly on IBM mainframe and IBM midrange computer operating systems. EBCDIC descended from the code used with punched cards. It was also related to the six bit binary-coded decimal code used with most of IBM's computer peripherals of the late 1950s and early 1960s. EBCDIC is also used on various non-IBM platforms. These include the Fujitsu-Siemens' BS2000/OSD, OS-IV, MSP, and MSP-EX, and Unisys VS/9 and MCP.

References

Computer file formats

EBCDIC


The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the flowering plant species Lathyrus oleraceus. Each pod contains several peas, which can be green or yellow. Botanically, pea pods are fruit, since they contain seeds and develop from the ovary of a (pea) flower. The name is also used to describe other edible seeds from the Fabaceae such as the pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and the seeds from several species of Lathyrus.

Peas are annual plants, with a life cycle of one year. They are a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world; planting can take place from winter to early summer depending on location. The average pea weighs between 0.1 and 0.36 gram. The immature peas (and in snow peas the tender pod as well) are used as a vegetable, fresh, frozen or canned; varieties of the species typically called field peas are grown to produce dry peas like the split pea shelled from a matured pod. These are the basis of pease porridge and pea soup, staples of medieval cuisine; in Europe, consuming fresh immature green peas was an innovation of early modern cuisine.

Description

A pea is a most commonly green, occasionally golden yellow, or infrequently purple pod-shaped vegetable, widely grown as a cool-season vegetable crop. The seeds may be planted as soon as the soil temperature reaches , with the plants growing best at temperatures of . They do not thrive in the summer heat of warmer temperate and lowland tropical climates, but do grow well in cooler, high-altitude, tropical areas. Many cultivars reach maturity about 60 days after planting.

Peas have both low-growing and vining cultivars. The vining cultivars grow thin tendrils from leaves that coil around any available support and can climb to be  high. A traditional approach to supporting climbing peas is to thrust branches pruned from trees or other woody plants upright into the soil, providing a lattice for the peas to climb. Branches used in this fashion are called pea sticks or sometimes pea brush. Metal fences, twine, or netting supported by a frame are used for the same purpose. In dense plantings, peas give each other some measure of mutual support. Pea plants can self-pollinate.

History

The wild pea is restricted to the Mediterranean Basin and the Near East. The earliest archaeological finds of peas date from the late Neolithic era of current Syria, Anatolia, Israel, Iraq, Jordan and Greece. In Egypt, early finds date from –4400 BC in the Nile delta area, and from c. 3800–3600 BC in Upper Egypt. The pea was also present in Georgia in the 5th millennium BC. Farther east, the finds are younger. Peas were present in Afghanistan c. 2000 BC, in Harappan civilization around modern-day Pakistan and western- and northwestern India in 2250–1750 BC. In the second half of the 2nd millennium BC, this legume crop appears in the Ganges Basin and southern India.

In early times, peas were grown mostly for their dry seeds. From plants growing wild in the Mediterranean Basin, constant selection since the Neolithic dawn of agriculture improved their yield. In the early 3rd century BC, Theophrastus mentions peas among the legumes that are sown late in the winter because of their tenderness. In the first century AD, Columella mentions them in De re rustica, when Roman legionaries still gathered wild peas from the sandy soils of Numidia and Judea to supplement their rations.

In the Middle Ages, field peas are constantly mentioned, as they were the staple that kept famine at bay, as Charles the Good, count of Flanders, noted explicitly in 1124.

Green "garden" peas, eaten immature and fresh, were an innovative luxury of Early Modern Europe. In England, the distinction between field peas and garden peas dates from the early 17th century: John Gerard and John Parkinson both mention garden peas. Sugar peas, which the French called , because they were eaten pods and all, were introduced to France from the market gardens of Holland in the time of Henri IV, through the French ambassador. Green peas were introduced from Genoa to the court of Louis XIV of France in January 1660, with some staged fanfare. A hamper of them was presented before the King. They were shelled by the Savoyan comte de Soissons, who had married a niece of Cardinal Mazarin. Little dishes of peas were then presented to the King, the Queen, Cardinal Mazarin and Monsieur, the king's brother. Immediately established and grown for earliness warmed with manure and protected under glass, they were still a luxurious delicacy in 1696, when Mme de Maintenon and Mme de Sevigné each reported that they were "a fashion, a fury".

Modern split peas, with their indigestible skins rubbed off, are a development of the later 19th century.

The top producer of green peas – by far – is China with 12.2 million tons, followed by India (4.8 million tons), USA (0.31 million tons), France (0.23 million tons) and Egypt (0.15 million tons). United Kingdom, Pakistan, Algeria, Peru and Turkey complete the top 10.

Etymology
The term pea originates from the Latin word pisum, which is the latinisation of the Greek πίσον (pison), neuter variant form of πίσος (pisos) "pea". It was adopted into English as the noun pease (plural peasen), as in pease pudding. However, by analogy with other plurals ending in -s, speakers began construing pease as a plural and constructing the singular form by dropping the -s, giving the term pea. This process is known as back-formation.

Composition

Nutrition
Raw green peas are 79% water, 14% carbohydrates, 5% protein, and contain negligible fat (table). In a reference amount of , raw green peas supply 81 calories of food energy, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin C (48% DV), vitamin K, thiamine, and manganese, with several B vitamins and dietary minerals in moderate amounts (11-16% DV) (table).

Genome
The pea karyotype consists of seven chromosomes, five of which are acrocentric and two submetacentric. Despite its scientific popularity, its relatively large genome size (4.45Gb) made it challenging to sequence compared to other legumes such as Medicago truncatula and soybeans. The International Pea Genome Sequencing Consortium was formed to develop the first pea reference genome, and the draft assembly was officially announced in September 2019. It covers 88% of the genome (3.92Gb) and predicted 44,791 gene-coding sequences. The pea used for the assembly was the inbred French cultivar "Caméor".

Varieties

Garden peas
There are many varieties (cultivars) of garden peas. Some of the most common varieties are listed here.  PMR indicates some degree of powdery mildew resistance; afila types, also called semi-leafless, have clusters of tendrils instead of leaves.  Unless otherwise noted these are so called dwarf varieties which grow to an average height of about 1m.  Giving the vines support is recommended, but not required.  Extra dwarf are suitable for container growing, reaching only about 25 cm.  Tall varieties grow to about 2m with support required.

 Alaska, 55 days (smooth seeded)
 Tom Thumb / Half Pint, 55 days (heirloom, extra dwarf)
 Thomas Laxton (heirloom) / Laxton's Progress / Progress #9, 60–65 days
 Mr. Big, 60 days, 2000 AAS winner
 Little Marvel, 63 days, 1934 AAS winner
 Early Perfection, 65 days
 Kelvedon Wonder, 65 days, 1997 RHS AGM winner
 Sabre, 65 days, PMR
 Homesteader / Lincoln, 67 days (heirloom, known as Greenfeast in Australia and New Zealand)
 Miragreen, 68 days (tall climber)
 Serge, 68 days, PMR, afila
 Wando, 68 days
 Green Arrow, 70 days
 Recruit, 70 days, PMR, afila
 Tall Telephone / Alderman, 75 days (heirloom, tall climber)

Edible-pod peas
 Some peas lack the tough membrane inside the pod wall and have tender edible pods. There are two main types:

Snow peas have flat pods with thin pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten when they are very young.
Snap peas or sugar snap peas have rounded pods with thick pod walls. Pods and seeds are eaten before maturity.

The name sugar pea can include both types or be synonymous with either snow peas or snap peas in different dictionaries. Likewise mangetout (; from , "eat-all pea").

Snow peas and snap peas both belong to Macrocarpon Group, a cultivar group based on the variety Pisum sativum var. macrocarpum Ser. named in 1825. It was described as having very compressed non-leathery edible pods in the original publication.

The scientific name Pisum sativum var. saccharatum Ser. is often misused for snow peas. The variety under this name was described as having sub-leathery and compressed-terete pods and a French name of petit pois. The description is inconsistent with the appearance of snow peas, and therefore botanists have replaced this name with Pisum sativum var. macrocarpum.

Field peas

The field pea is a type of pea sometimes called P. sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch.  It is also known as dun (grey-brown) pea, Kapucijner pea, or Austrian winter pea, and is one of the oldest domesticated crops, cultivated for at least 7,000 years.  Field peas are now grown in many countries for both human consumption and stockfeed.  There are several cultivars and colors including blue, dun (brown), maple and white. This pea should not be confused with the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) which is sometimes called the "field pea" in warmer climates.

It is a climbing annual legume with weak, viny, and relatively succulent stems. Vines often are 4 to 5 feet (120 to 150 cm) long, but when grown alone, field pea's weak stems prevent it from growing more than 1.5 to 2 feet (45 to 60 cm) tall. Leaves have two leaflets and a tendril. Flowers are white, pink, or purple. Pods carry seeds that are large (4,000 seeds/lb), nearly spherical, and white, gray, green, or brown. The root system is relatively shallow and small, but well nodulated.

The field pea is a cool-season legume crop that is grown on over 25 million acres worldwide. It has been an important grain legume crop for millennia, seeds showing domesticated characteristics dating from at least 7000 years ago have been found in archaeological sites around what is now Turkey.  Field peas or "dry peas" are marketed as a dry, shelled product for either human or livestock food, unlike the garden pea, which is marketed as a fresh or canned vegetable. The major producing countries of field peas are Russia and China, followed by Canada, Europe, Australia and the United States. Europe, Australia, Canada and the United States raise over 4.5 million acres and are major exporters of peas. In 2002, there were approximately 300,000 acres of field peas grown in the United States.

Uses

Culinary

In modern times peas are usually boiled or steamed, which breaks down the cell walls and makes the taste sweeter and the nutrients more bioavailable. Along with broad beans and lentils, these formed an important part of the diet of most people in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe during the Middle Ages. By the 17th and 18th centuries, it had become popular to eat peas "green", that is, while they are immature and right after they are picked. New cultivars of peas were developed by the English during this time, which became known as "garden" or "English" peas. The popularity of green peas spread to North America. Thomas Jefferson grew more than 30 cultivars of peas on his estate. With the invention of canning and freezing of foods, green peas became available year-round, and not just in the spring as before.

Fresh peas are often eaten boiled and flavored with butter and/or spearmint as a side dish vegetable. Salt and pepper are also commonly added to peas when served. Fresh peas are also used in pot pies, salads and casseroles. Pod peas (snow peas and snap peas) are used in stir-fried dishes, particularly those in American Chinese cuisine. Pea pods do not keep well once picked, and if not used quickly, are best preserved by drying, canning or freezing within a few hours of harvest.

In India, fresh peas are used in various dishes such as aloo matar (curried potatoes with peas) or mattar paneer (paneer cheese with peas), though they can be substituted with frozen peas as well. Peas are also eaten raw, as they are sweet when fresh off the bush. Green Peas known as Hasiru Batani in Kannada are used to make curry and Gasi. Split peas are also used to make dal, particularly in Guyana, and Trinidad, where there is a significant population of Indians.

Dried peas are often made into a soup or simply eaten on their own. In Japan, China, Taiwan and some Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia, peas are roasted and salted, and eaten as snacks. In the Philippines, peas, while still in their pods, are a common ingredient in viands and pansit. In the UK, dried yellow or green split peas are used to make pease pudding (or "pease porridge"), a traditional dish. In North America, a similarly traditional dish is split pea soup.

Pea soup is eaten in many other parts of the world, including northern Europe, parts of middle Europe, Russia, Iran, Iraq and India.

In Chinese cuisine, the tender new growth [leaves and stem] dou miao (豆苗; dòu miáo) are commonly used in stir-fries. Much like picking the leaves for tea, the farmers pick the tips off of the pea plant.

In Greece, Tunisia, Turkey, Cyprus, and other parts of the Mediterranean, peas are made into a stew with lamb and potatoes.

In Hungary and Serbia, pea soup is often served with dumplings and spiced with hot paprika.

In the United Kingdom, dried, rehydrated and mashed marrowfat peas, or cooked green split peas, known as mushy peas, are popular, originally in the north of England, but now ubiquitously, and especially as an accompaniment to fish and chips or meat pies, particularly in fish and chip shops. Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes added to soften the peas. In 2005, a poll of 2,000 people revealed the pea to be Britain's seventh favourite culinary vegetable.

Processed peas are mature peas which have been dried, soaked and then heat treated (processed) to prevent spoilage—in the same manner as pasteurizing. Cooked peas are sometimes sold dried and coated with wasabi, salt, or other spices.

In North America pea milk is produced and sold as an alternative to cow milk for a variety of reasons.

Pea sprouts
In East Asia, the sprouts or shoots of pea (;)  were once dedicated cuisine when the plant was not highly available as nowadays. But now, when the plant can be easily grown, fresh pea shoots are available in supermarkets, and some people decided to grow them in their backyard.

Manufacturing

Frozen peas

In order to freeze and preserve peas, they must first be grown, picked, and shelled. Usually, the more tender the peas are, the more likely that they will be used in the final product. The peas must be put through the process of freezing shortly after being picked so that they do not spoil too soon. Once the peas have been selected, they are placed in ice water and allowed to cool. After, they are sprayed with water to remove any residual dirt or dust that may remain on them. The next step is blanching. The peas are boiled for a few minutes to remove any enzymes that may shorten their shelf life. They are then cooled and removed from the water. The final step is the actual freezing to produce the final product. This step may vary considerably; some companies freeze their peas by air blast freezing, where the vegetables are put through a tunnel at high speeds and frozen by cold air. Finally, the peas are packaged and shipped out for retail sale.

Science

In the mid-19th century, Austrian monk Gregor Mendel's observations of pea pods led to the principles of Mendelian genetics, the foundation of modern genetics. He ended up growing and examining about 28,000 pea plants in the course of his experiments.

Mendel chose peas for his experiments because he could grow them easily, develop pure-bred strains, protect them from cross-pollination, and control their pollination. Mendel cross-bred tall and dwarf pea plants, green and yellow peas, purple and white flowers, wrinkled and smooth peas, and a few other traits. He then observed the resulting offspring. In each of these cases, one trait is dominant and all the offspring, or Filial-1 (abbreviated F1) generation, showed the dominant trait. Then he crossed members of the F1 generation together and observed their offspring, the Filial-2 (abbreviated F2)  generation. The F2 plants had the dominant trait in approximately a 3:1 ratio.

Mendel reasoned that each parent had a 'vote' in the appearance of the offspring, and the non-dominant, or recessive, trait appeared only when it was inherited from both parents. He did further experiments that showed each trait is separately inherited. Unwittingly, Mendel had solved a major problem with Charles Darwin's theory of evolution: how new traits were preserved and not blended back into the population, a question Darwin himself did not answer. Mendel's work was published in an obscure Austrian journal and was not rediscovered until about 1900.

Potential for adverse effects
Some people experience allergic reactions to peas, as well as lentils, with vicilin or convicilin as the most common allergens.

Favism, or Fava-bean-ism, is a genetic deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that affects Jews, other Middle Eastern Semitic peoples, and other descendants of the Mediterranean coastal regions. In this condition, the toxic reaction to eating most, if not all, beans is hemolytic anemia, and in severe cases, the released circulating free hemoglobin causes acute kidney injury.

Nitrogen fixation
Peas, like many legumes, contain symbiotic bacteria called Rhizobia within root nodules of their root systems. These bacteria have the special ability to fix nitrogen from atmospheric, molecular nitrogen () into ammonia (). The chemical reaction is:

Ammonia is then converted to another form, ammonium (), usable by (some) plants by the following reaction:

The root nodules of peas and other legumes are sources of nitrogen that they can use to make amino acids, constituents of proteins. Hence, legumes are good sources of plant protein.

When a pea plant dies in the field, for example following the harvest, all of its remaining nitrogen, incorporated into amino acids inside the remaining plant parts, is released back into the soil. In the soil, the amino acids are converted to nitrate (), that is available to other plants, thereby serving as fertilizer for future crops.

Cultivation

Grading
Pea grading involves sorting peas by size, in which the smallest peas are graded as the highest quality for their tenderness. Brines may be used, in which peas are floated, from which their density can be determined.

Pests and diseases

A variety of diseases affect peas through a number of pathogens, including insects, viruses, bacteria and fungi. In particular, virus disease of peas has worldwide economic importance.

Additionally, insects such as the pea leaf weevil (Sitona lineatus) can damage peas and other pod fruits. The pea leaf weevil is native to Europe, but has spread to other places such as Alberta, Canada. They are about — long and are distinguishable by three light-coloured stripes running length-wise down the thorax. The weevil larvae feed on the root nodules of pea plants, which are essential to the plants' supply of nitrogen, and thus diminish leaf and stem growth. Adult weevils feed on the leaves and create a notched, "c-shaped" appearance on the outside of the leaves.

The pea moth can be a serious pest producing caterpillars the resemble small white maggots in the pea-pods. The caterpillars eat the developing peas making them unsightly and unsuitable for culinary use. Prior to the use of modern insecticides, pea moth caterpillars were a very common sight in pea pods.

See also

 Black-eyed pea
 Black pea
 Chickpea
 Dixie lee pea
 Sweet pea
 Cowpea
 Pea moth

References

Bibliography
 European Association for Grain Legume Research (AEP). Pea. https://web.archive.org/web/20061017214408/http://www.grainlegumes.com/default.asp?id_biblio=52 .
 Hernández Bermejo, J. E. & León, J., (1992). Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Contents
 Muehlbauer, F. J. and Tullu, A., (1997). Pisum sativum L. Purdue University. Pea
 Oelke, E. A., Oplinger E. S., et al. (1991). Dry Field Pea. University of Wisconsin.Dry Field Pea

External links

 Sorting Pisum names
 USDA plant profile
 https://web.archive.org/web/20150303184216/http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/

Edible legumes
oleraceus
Fruit vegetables
Plants described in 1753
Plant models
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Founder crops

Pea


, more commonly known as Yu Darvish (ダルビッシュ 有), is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). Darvish has also played in MLB for the Texas Rangers, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Chicago Cubs and in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters. In international play, Darvish pitched in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2009 World Baseball Classic as a member of the Japanese national team.

He was considered by many to be the best pitcher in Japanese professional baseball prior to his arrival in Major League Baseball in 2012. In his first MLB season, Darvish finished third in the American League (AL) Rookie of the Year balloting. The next season, he finished second in the AL Cy Young Award vote as he led the Major Leagues in strikeouts with 277 and finished fourth in the AL in earned run average (ERA) at 2.83. On 6 April 2014, Darvish reached the 500-strikeout mark in fewer innings pitched than any starting pitcher in MLB history.

Early life
Darvish was born  in Habikino, Osaka, to a Japanese mother, Ikuyo, and Iranian father, Farsad Darvishsefat. His father played for the Florida State University soccer team. His paternal grandfather owned a travel agency in Iran and sent Farsad to the United States in 1977 to attend Berkshire School in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, where he played soccer and raced competitively in motocross.

Darvish began playing baseball in second grade and led his team to the quarterfinals of the national tournament as well as a third-place finish in the international tournament as a member of the Habikino Boys. He was scouted by over 50 high schools while in junior high. He opted to attend  in Northern Sendai, a baseball powerhouse that produced players such as former Seattle Mariners and Yokohama BayStars closer Kazuhiro Sasaki and former BayStars and Los Angeles Dodgers reliever Takashi Saito.

High school career
Darvish became Tohoku High's ace pitcher by the fall of his first year (the equivalent of tenth grade in the United States) and led his team to four straight appearances in national tournaments held at Koshien Stadium in his junior and senior years, twice in the National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament held in the spring and twice in the National High School Baseball Championship in the summer.

Darvish led his team to the finals of the 85th National High School Baseball Championship in the summer of 2003, but gave up four runs to Joso Gakuin High School, the Ibaraki champions, in a complete game loss.

Darvish attracted national attention when he pitched a no-hitter against Kumamoto Technical High School in the first round of the 76th National High School Baseball Invitational Tournament as a senior on 26 March 2004. The team lost in the quarter-finals despite stellar outings by Darvish and sidearmer Kenji Makabe (currently with Honda Motor Company's industrial league team). He pitched 12 games and put up a 7–3 record with 87 strikeouts in 92 innings pitched and a 1.47 ERA in his four national tournament appearances, and posted a 1.10 ERA for his high school career, striking out 375 in  innings (67 appearances).

2004 draft
Darvish was scouted by Major League teams, such as the Anaheim Angels and Atlanta Braves, even while in junior high. As he entered his senior year of high school, the Los Angeles Angels, Los Angeles Dodgers, and New York Mets had expressed interest in signing him  but Darvish's intent remained to play for a Japanese professional team instead.

Darvish was considered one of the best high school pitchers in the 2004 NPB amateur draft along with Yokohama Senior High School right-hander Hideaki Wakui (later picked by the Seibu Lions) and Akita Municipal Akita Commercial High School right-hander Tsuyoshi Sato (Hiroshima Toyo Carp). While the Fighters, Carp, Chunichi Dragons, Fukuoka Daiei Hawks, and Orix BlueWave all considered selecting Darvish with their first-round pick in the final months, the Fighters were one of the few teams that chose not to forgo the first round in exchange for signing a college or industrial league player prior to the draft. This enabled them to land Darvish with their first-round pick in 17 November draft, signing him to a base salary of , a signing bonus of , and additional performance-based incentives (the equivalent of what a first-round college or industrial league player would normally receive) on 17 December.

Professional career

Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (2005–2011)

2005 season
Darvish received further publicity when he was caught smoking in a pachinko parlor on an off-day during his first Spring training in , despite not being old enough to legally smoke nor to gamble at the time. The incident prompted his high school to suspend him, and the Fighters to place him under probation for an indefinite period and order him to participate in community service.

Despite his suspension, Darvish made his professional debut later that season, taking the mound in an interleague game against the Carp on 15 June. Though he gave up back-to-back solo home runs in the ninth, he pitched 8+ innings on those two runs alone and earned the win, becoming the 12th pitcher in NPB history to earn a win in one's professional debut as a rookie straight out of high school. He recorded his first complete game win on 6 August against the Lions and his first complete game shutout on 18 September, holding the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles to just two hits and becoming the 14th pitcher in NPB history to throw a complete-game shutout as a rookie out of high school. He finished the season with a 5–5 record in 14 starts, throwing  innings with an ERA of 3.53.

2006 season
Darvish had a breakout year in , compiling a 12–5 record with 115 strikeouts and a 2.89 ERA. In particular, he went 10–0 after 30 May, playing a leading role in the Fighters' first Pacific League title since  (his win streak lasted until 14 April of the following season, when it reached 12–0) and contributing to their first championship since  in the Japan Series over the Dragons. Darvish was chosen to take the hill for the first game of each of the Pacific League playoffs, Japan Series, and the 2006 Asia Series (played between the champions of Japan, China, Taiwan, and South Korea at the end of the season). Darvish, then 20 years old, became the first pitcher to start a Japan Series game since 1987 while under the age of 21, and the fifth pitcher in NPB history to win a Japan Series game at that age with his win in game 5 of the series. He also won the Asia Series Most Valuable Player award.

2007 season

Darvish was named the Fighters' starter for their  season opener, becoming the fourth pitcher in franchise history (including the Fighters' years as the Senators and Flyers) to start a season opener within three years of graduating high school (the other three pitchers all started season openers as rookies). He struck out 14 over nine innings in a no-decision in his second start against the Lions on 30 March (the game ended a 2–2 tie in extra innings) and 14 again in a complete game win in his next start against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks on 7 April, becoming the second pitcher in Japanese professional baseball history to strike out 14 or more batters in two consecutive starts.

Darvish went on to post a 15–5 record with a 1.82 ERA (falling just 0.003 points short of the league lead, which went to Chiba Lotte Marines left-hander Yoshihisa Naruse) for the year, limiting hitters to a .174 batting average against and leading the league with 210 strikeouts. He led the Fighters to their second consecutive league title, winning both of his starts in the second round of the Climax Series (playoffs) against the Marines.

Darvish took the mound in game 1 of the Japan Series that followed on 27 October against the Dragons for the second straight year, pitching a 13-strikeout, complete game win in an intense pitchers' duel with then-Dragons ace Kenshin Kawakami and becoming the third pitcher in Japan Series history to strike out 13 or more batters in a single game. With the Fighters down 3–1 and facing elimination, Darvish started game 5 on 1 November and held the Dragons to one run over seven innings while striking out 11. However, the Fighters had no answer for opposing right-hander Daisuke Yamai and closer Hitoki Iwase, failing to get a single man on base and allowing the first perfect game in Japan Series history. (However, the game was not an official perfect game according to NPB regulations, which state that a perfect game must be thrown by a single pitcher.) The Dragons won the game 1–0, charging Darvish with the loss and becoming Japan Series champions. The 24 strikeouts that Darvish totaled in his two starts were the second-highest by any single pitcher in series history (and the highest in a series that went only five games).

Darvish was presented with both his first career Eiji Sawamura Award (being the first to meet or exceed guidelines for the award in all seven categories in 14 years) and his first Most Valuable Player award following the season. He also won the Golden Glove and Best Nine awards that year.

Darvish made his national team debut in the 2007 Asian Baseball Championship (which also functioned as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2008 Beijing Olympics) against Chinese Taipei on 3 December 2007. Because Japanese law requires that a person holding dual citizenship choose a single nationality before their twenty-second birthday, Darvish had chosen to retain his Japanese citizenship so that he could play for the national team in the Olympics.

On 22 December, Darvish re-signed with the Nippon Ham Fighters for  plus payment at piece rates, up  from 2006. At 21 years old, Darvish became the youngest player in Japanese baseball history to reach the  mark.

2008 season
In , Darvish was named the Fighters' starter in the season opener for the second consecutive year, pitching a complete game shutout in that very game (the Fighters won 1–0). Even as his team struggled in the opening months of the season, Darvish continued to rack up wins at a pace that exceeded his own in the previous season. As the year went on, he and Eagles ace Hisashi Iwakuma emerged as the league leaders in both wins and ERA. On 10 April, in their only match-up of the season, neither gave up a single hit through the first five innings. Iwakuma went the distance, throwing just 100 pitches and giving up just one run on three hits; yet Darvish topped this, throwing another complete-game shutout on three hits and just 95 pitches in one of the best pitchers' duels of the season.

While he did not pitch the way he had hoped in the Olympics, Darvish promptly put up a perfect 5–0 record with a 1.29 ERA and two complete games in the five starts upon returning to the Fighters, leading them to a playoff berth in a heated race against the Marines. While the Fighters failed to make the Japan Series, Darvish took the mound in two playoff games, giving up one run in a complete game win in one and pitching a complete-game shutout in another. Although he lost out to Iwakuma (who put up an astonishing 21–4 record) in wins, he finished second in all three Triple Crown categories, finishing the season with a 16–4 record, 1.88 ERA and 208 strikeouts. (It was his second straight year putting up an ERA under 2.00, throwing more than 200 innings, and striking out over 200 hitters despite missing time due to the Olympics.) Regardless, the Sawamura Award was presented to Iwakuma, and Darvish became just the second pitcher to clear the guidelines in all seven categories to not win the award (Suguru Egawa was the first in 1982).

Darvish took the mound in game 1 of the first round of the Climax Series against the Orix Buffaloes on 11 October, allowing nine hits but holding the team to one run while striking out 14 in a 4–1 complete game win. He started game 2 of the second round against the Saitama Seibu Lions on 18 October and pitched a complete-game shutout in a 5–0 win, but the Fighters lost the series 4–2 and fell short of their third straight appearance in the Japan Series.

On 1 December, Darvish re-signed with the Nippon Ham Fighters for  plus payment at piece rates, up  from 2007.

2009 season
Darvish started the Fighters' season opener for the third straight year in , taking the mound against the Eagles on 3 April in a matchup with the reigning Sawamura Award winner and World Baseball Classic teammate Hisashi Iwakuma. Darvish gave up three runs in the first inning but went the distance, allowing no runs from the second inning onward in a 121-pitch, complete-game loss (Iwakuma held the Fighters to one run over six innings and was credited with the win). On 24 April, he struck out six straight and 11 overall en route to a four-hit, complete-game shutout (his first of the season) over the Buffaloes, following it up by holding the Lions to one run and striking out 11 over nine innings in a no-decision in a match-up with fellow 22-year-old ace Hideaki Wakui on 1 May (the Fighters lost 2–1 in extra innings).

On 22 August, Darvish was taken off the active roster for the first time in his career due to injury. The Fighters classified it as "shoulder fatigue", and the deactivation came after a career-worst start against the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, in which he went eight innings, but gave up six earned runs in a losing effort. He was reactivated on 13 September, but in his second start back a week later against the Orix Buffaloes, Darvish gave up a career-high seven walks in five innings, and two runs. Three days later he was deactivated again due to discomfort in his shoulder and a sore back.

Darvish was activated again just in time for the 2009 Japan Series against the Central League champion Yomiuri Giants, and he pitched game 2 on 1 November. He went six innings, giving up two runs on seven hits, and also striking out 7 Giants. He became the winning pitcher, and the team won 4–2. The Yomiuri Giants would go on and win the championship series 4 games to 1. After the Japan Series, It was revealed that Yu had a stress fracture of the right-hand forefinger. Darvish said he first experienced pain after practice on 28 October but kept it to himself. Also, he was unable to fully use the lower part of his body due to hip pains.

Darvish was presented with his second Most Valuable Player and Best Nine awards at the end of the season. He became the third player to have won 2 MVP awards in their first five years in the NPB, joining Kazuhisa Inao and Ichiro Suzuki. However, he lost out on his second Sawamura Award to Saitama Seibu Lions ace Hideaki Wakui.

On 9 December, Darvish re-signed with the Nippon Ham Fighters for , up  from 2009. At 23, Darvish became the youngest player in Japanese baseball history to reach the  mark, along with being the highest-paid pitcher in the Pacific League presently.

2010 season
Darvish's 2010 season was another strong individual performance, but he struggled to win as many games due to the Fighters troubles. The Fighters finished 74–67, but in fourth place. His opening-day loss was reflective of his 2010 season; he pitched well but the team struggled. He began the 2010 season losing to the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks on 20 March. Darvish allowed two early unearned runs on his way to a complete game loss (5 runs allowed, 3 earned runs) striking out 13. The Fighters began the season with a 5–14–1 stretch that put them with their worst winning percentage in five years. They struggled in all phases of play, but Darvish continued to pitch well. Even at this low point, he was leading the league in strikeouts even as the rest of the rotation was 3–9. Darvish struck out at least 10 hitters in each of his first five starts.

Darvish's 2010 season also was noticeable because speculation increased about his potential move (or posting) to Major League Baseball. Darvish was interviewed by The Associated Press where he announced his plans to review his options at the end of the season. He noted, "Right now, I'm just focused on helping my team win this season ... Once the season is over, I'll consider my future." The Associated Press noted that both his exposure to international play during the 2009 World Baseball Classic and recurring injuries both led him to consider leaving Japan. In addition to back problems he also missed a start in June with a sore right knee.

Despite the injuries and potential distractions, Darvish pitched well down the stretch. His last three starts were all complete games and he struck out 35 hitters in those 27 innings. Darvish finished the season with only a 12–8 record, but with a 1.78 ERA. He led the league with 10 complete games, 222 strikeouts, a 1.01 WHIP. This was Darvish's fourth consecutive sub 2.00 ERA.

On 18 October 2010, Darvish posted on his blog that he would be returning to the Fighters for the 2011 season.

2011 season
On 6 January 2011, Darvish agreed to a contract for the 2011 season that would make him the highest-paid player in Japan. His salary was  (which on 6 January converted to ).

The 2011 Nippon Professional Baseball season was delayed by the Tohoku earthquake. Controversy emerged over when baseball should resume. Commissioner Ryozo Kato was criticized for comparing the resumption to the return of Major League Baseball ten days after the September 11 attacks. Darvish was among the players who felt that it was not appropriate to quickly return to baseball, saying, "I am a baseball player and a human being as well. I cannot think about baseball alone as I normally do." Darvish took part in efforts to raise funds for the relief efforts and personally donated  (about ) to the Japanese Red Cross.

Eventually, the teams agreed to play the full 144-game schedule, but the start of the season would be pushed back several weeks. The season began on 12 April 2011 and Darvish started against the Saitama Seibu Lions. He struggled, allowing seven runs in seven innings and taking the loss.

This poor start would not reflect on his overall performance. After that opening game, he would not allow more than three runs in any of his starts. Darvish would win his next eight starts and thirteen of his next fourteen decisions. Darvish would finish with his strongest all-around season, winning 18 games and featuring a career-low 1.44 ERA. He also led the league with 28 starts, 232 innings, 276 strikeouts and a 0.82 WHIP. He also featured remarkable control, walking only 36 batters.

Despite his accomplishments, Darvish was not recognized with the best pitcher in Japan's honor, the Sawamura Award. Three of the five-member committee voted to recognize Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles right-hander Masahiro Tanaka. Selection committee chief Masayuki Dobashi explained, "ERA is the best stat to evaluate pitchers ... Tanaka's ERA was a little better than that of Darvish. Tanaka also had more complete games than Darvish." Pitchers must qualify for the award by meeting seven criteria: 15 wins, a 2.50 ERA, 200 innings pitched, 10 complete games, 150 strikeouts, 25 appearances and a .600 winning percentage. Both Tanaka and Darvish met all the criteria. Tanaka noted, "I only had better numbers than him (Darvish) ... As a pitcher, I'm nowhere near his caliber."

The Nippon Ham Fighters were eliminated in the first round of the Pacific League playoffs, losing both games to the Saitama Seibu Lions. Darvish started game one of the series, going seven innings and allowing only one run on four hits, while striking out nine. After Darvish departed, Seibu scored one run in the 9th inning to send the game to extra innings and added three more to win the game in the 11th inning.

After being eliminated, speculation again increased about Darvish being posted to Major League Baseball. His pending divorce allegedly complicated this situation. Speculation centered on his wife's potential claims to a share of a new contract with an American team.

Texas Rangers (2012–2017)

2012 season

Darvish was posted to Major League Baseball prior to the 2012 season, and is currently represented by agents Don Nomura and Arn Tellem. He added confirmation of this posting on his blog. MLB teams had until 14 December 2011 to submit a blind posting bid, and the Hokkaido Nippon Ham Fighters had until 20 December 2011 to announce whether the highest bid would be accepted or rejected. Their announcement of acceptance of the highest bid, from the Texas Rangers, was made on 19 December 2011 EST, at a reported $51.7 million. The Rangers then had 30 days to negotiate with Darvish, or he would return to Japan. On 18 January 2012, the Texas Rangers signed Darvish to a  contract for six years with a player option to void the last year, fifteen minutes prior to a 4:00pm CST deadline. Rangers CEO Nolan Ryan commented that Darvish had shown more control than he did at Darvish's age.

Darvish's first start in the Majors came on 9 April against the Seattle Mariners in Texas. His first MLB strikeout was of Dustin Ackley on a 2–2 80 mph curveball; the first MLB hit that he allowed was a single into left field by Ichiro Suzuki on a 2–2 96 mph fastball. He threw for 5 innings, giving up 8 hits, 5 runs, and 4 walks, and striking out five, gaining his first MLB win in the process. When Alexi Ogando came to relieve him in the 6th, Darvish got a standing ovation from the crowd at Rangers Ballpark in Arlington.

Darvish's first start away from Rangers Ballpark in Arlington came on 14 April against the Minnesota Twins at Target Field. He pitched for 5 innings, allowing 9 hits, 4 walks, and 2 runs (one of which was unearned), while collecting 4 strikeouts. Despite the Rangers winning the game, it was a no-decision for Darvish. Instead, teammate Robbie Ross picked up the win.

On 24 April, in a game against the New York Yankees, Darvish pitched for 8 shutout innings, collecting 10 strikeouts, while allowing seven hits and two walks. He gave up a hit to Nick Swisher with one out in the 9th. Joe Nathan, the Rangers' closer, relieved him and induced a ground ball double play to get the save and secure the third win for Darvish. As Nathan came in, Darvish received a deafening ovation from the crowd. This game also marked the seventh time in MLB history that the two starting pitchers were both Japanese, with Hiroki Kuroda on the mound for the Yankees. The game was also televised in Japan.

On 30 April, Darvish gave up his first MLB home run to Edwin Encarnación of the Toronto Blue Jays, in a game that Texas won 4–1. Darvish improved to 4–0, striking out nine and giving up only one run.

For his performances in April, Darvish was named the AL Rookie of the Month. Darvish went 4–0 with a 2.18 ERA and 33 strikeouts. His first loss didn't come until 6 May, against the Cleveland Indians.

On 20 June, in an interleague game against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park, Darvish got his first career MLB hit. In his first at-bat, he hit a bat-shattering single into shallow right field. He did not get to run the bases however, as Ian Kinsler hit a line shot to the second baseman, and Darvish was tagged off of the bag to complete the double play. He went 1-for-3 for the game.

On 5 July 2012, the MLB announced that Yu Darvish for the American League and David Freese for the National League were the final two players to make the 2012 MLB All-Star Game rosters. Darvish had 10 wins and five losses with a 3.59 ERA when MLB announced him as an All-Star. However, Darvish didn't get a chance to pitch in the game, watching from the dugout as his team lost 8–0.

2013 season
On 2 April 2013, Darvish pitched a perfect game through eight 2/3 innings against the Houston Astros, before throwing a slider and giving up a single to Marwin González. He threw 111 pitches, striking out 14 and walking none. On 27 May, Darvish became the first player since Randy Johnson and Curt Schilling in 2002 to have 100 strikeouts by Memorial Day. On 10 July 2013, Darvish was placed on the 15-day DL due to a strained trapezius and was replaced on the All-Star roster by Matt Moore. On 12 August 2013, he pitched a no-hitter through  innings against the Houston Astros until giving up a home run to Carlos Corporán. Darvish struck out a career-high of 15 in that game and Texas won 2–1. By season's end, he compiled 277 strikeouts in just  innings. Additionally, was fourth in the American League in with a 2.83 ERA, behind Aníbal Sánchez, Hisashi Iwakuma, and Bartolo Colón. Despite a pedestrian 13–9 won-lost record, Darvish placed second in the Cy Young voting to the Detroit Tigers' Max Scherzer.

2014 season
In his first start of the 2014 season, Darvish faced the Tampa Bay Rays on 6 April. He struck out David DeJesus and Wil Myers to start the game, notching his 500th career strikeout. The two strikeouts gave Darvish  career IP in the Major Leagues, making him the fastest to reach 500 strikeouts in terms of innings pitched. It topped Kerry Wood's previous record by three innings. The Rangers won the game 3–0 as Darvish pitched seven shutout innings and struck out six overall. On 9 May, Darvish took a no-hitter in the seventh inning against the Boston Red Sox before giving up a single to David Ortiz. The hit was initially ruled an error, thus allowing Darvish to take a no-hitter into the ninth before Ortiz recorded a single in that inning, however Major League Baseball subsequently overruled the scoring decision, ending the no-hitter in the seventh. On 11 June 2014, Darvish threw his first complete-game shutout against the Miami Marlins. Darvish allowed 6 hits, and 3 walks and struck out 10.

On 6 July 2014, Yu Darvish was elected to play the 2014 MLB All-Star Game. Darvish entered the All-Star Game in the third inning to retire all three batters.

2015 season
During spring training, Darvish began to experience soreness in his right triceps. He underwent an MRI the following day, which eventually revealed that his right elbow had a torn UCL, preventing Darvish from participating for the entire 2015 baseball season. He underwent Tommy John surgery on 17 March 2015, performed by Dr. James Andrews.

2016 season
Darvish began the 2016 season on the 15-day disabled list in an effort to continue recovery from the Tommy John surgery he underwent in 2015. He returned on 28 May against the Pittsburgh Pirates, pitching five innings with seven strikeouts and one run allowed on three hits as the Rangers went on to win 5–2. On 13 June 2016, he was placed on the 15-day disabled list due to neck and shoulder strains. On 24 August 2016, he hit his first career MLB home run in an away game against the Cincinnati Reds, the first home run by a Rangers pitcher since Bobby Witt in 1997.

2017 season

Throughout the entire 2017 season, Darvish was enshrouded in trade rumors as he only had one year left of team control and the Rangers fell further from playoff contention. On 23 July, the Rangers stated that Darvish would not be available for trade. However, two days later, the Rangers said that the team would be open to trading Darvish for the "right deal". On 26 July, Darvish pitched  innings, giving up a career-high ten earned runs, the most ever by a Japanese pitcher in MLB history.

Los Angeles Dodgers (2017)
On 31 July 2017, the Rangers traded Darvish to the Los Angeles Dodgers for prospects Willie Calhoun, A. J. Alexy, and Brendon Davis. He was 4–3 with a 3.44 ERA in nine starts for the Dodgers. Overall in 2017, combined with both teams, Darvish made 31 starts with a 10–12 record, 209 strikeouts, 12 wild pitches (7th in the major leagues), and a 3.86 ERA.

In the postseason, he won his one start in the 2017 NLDS, allowing one run in five innings against the Arizona Diamondbacks while striking out seven. He also pitched well in the 2017 NLCS against the Chicago Cubs, with one run in 6 innings with also seven strikeouts.

2017 World Series
In the 2017 World Series he failed to get out of the second inning in either of his two starts against the Houston Astros. He lost both games, including game seven, and allowed nine runs (eight earned) in 3 innings while failing to strike out a single batter. They were the shortest two starts of his career, and Darvish became the first starting pitcher since Art Ditmar in 1960 to have two starts of less than two innings in the World Series. Shortly after the World Series, an unnamed Astros player suggested that Darvish had been tipping his pitches. Dodgers teammate Chase Utley had evaluated Darvish's game three start and concluded that this was not the case, though Darvish changed his approach for game seven. More than a month later, a Sports Illustrated article revealed that the Astros had figured out how Darvish was tipping his pitches: "Darvish holds the ball at his side when he gets the sign from the catcher. Whether he re-grips or not as he brings the ball into his glove was the tip-off whether he was going to throw a slider/cutter or a fastball." This unnamed Astros player said the Astros had known about this going into game 3 which they also won, but that they had an even better game plan for game 7.

After the season, Darvish became a free agent for the first time in his career, and he chose not to re-sign with the Dodgers as there was much fan ire against him for his disappointing World Series outings that many felt had cost the Dodgers the title.

With the Astros being disciplined on 13 January 2020 for using cameras to steal catcher-to-pitcher signals during the 2017 MLB postseason, Darvish refused to blame sign stealing for his poor starts and instead suggested that the 2017 Astros batters were talented, and he humorously posted on Twitter that he would wear a "Yu Garbage" jersey if the Dodgers held a championship parade.

Chicago Cubs (2018–2020)
On February 13, 2018, Darvish signed a six-year, $126 million contract with the Chicago Cubs. He played his first game with the Cubs on 31 March 2018, against the Miami Marlins. He allowed 5 runs in  innings as the Cubs won 10–6 in 10 innings. On 7 May, Darvish was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to the flu. On 26 May, Darvish was again placed on the 10-day disabled list due to right triceps tendinitis. On 19 August 2018, Darvish began a rehab stint. While warming up before the second inning, Darvish summoned trainers and was removed from the game. An MRI revealed Darvish had a stress reaction on his right elbow as well as a triceps strain, ending his 2018 season, after only 8 games and 40 innings pitched, in which he was 1–3 with a 4.95 ERA.

Darvish in 2019 for the Cubs was 6–8 with a 3.98 ERA and 225 strikeouts in 31 starts. He gave up 33 home runs, the most in the National League, threw 11 wild pitches, the second-most in the NL, and hit 11 batsmen, third-most in the league.

In the pandemic-shortened 2020 season, Darvish placed 2nd in the National League Cy Young vote after a season going 8–3 with a 2.01 ERA. He led the National League in wins, was second in ERA, walks per nine innings pitched (1.658), and home runs per nine innings pitched (0.592), fourth in WHIP (0.961), fifth in won-loss percentage (.727), seventh in hits per nine innings pitched (6.987), and eighth in strikeouts per nine innings pitched (11.013).

San Diego Padres (2021–present)
On 29 December 2020, Darvish along with personal catcher Víctor Caratini were traded to the San Diego Padres in exchange for pitcher Zach Davies and prospects Owen Caissie, Reginald Preciado, Yeison Santana, and Ismael Mena ahead of the 2021 season. In his first year with the Padres, Darvish posted an 8–11 record with a 4.22 ERA and 199 strikeouts in  innings. He was also named to his fifth All-Star team.

The following season, Darvish threw his 3,000th career strikeout on 2 September 2022, becoming only the second Japanese pitcher after Hideo Nomo to reach the milestone. In 30 starts for San Diego in 2022, Darvish recorded a 16–8 record and 3.10 ERA with 197 strikeouts in 194.2 innings pitched.

On February 9, 2023, Darvish signed a six-year, $108 million contract extension with the Padres ahead of the 2023 season. On August 14, 2023, Darvish surpassed Hideo Nomo to become MLB's Japanese-born leader in strikeouts. On August 31, Darvish was diagnosed with a bone spur in his right elbow, causing him to be shut down for the rest of the season.

International career

2008 Beijing Olympics
Named the ace of the Japanese national team by manager Senichi Hoshino in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Darvish took the hill in Japan's first game of the preliminary round against Cuba on 13 August, but was charged with the loss after giving up four runs in four innings. The subpar outing caused Hoshino to lose faith in him and scratch Darvish from the semi-finals that he had penciled him in for, sending Darvish to the mound only in situations that would have no bearing on Japan's fate in the tournament. Darvish started the last game of the preliminary round against the United States on 20 August and was brought in to mop up after the U.S. had taken a decisive lead in the bronze medal match, finishing the tournament 0–1 with a 5.14 ERA (albeit with 10 strikeouts in seven innings pitched).

2009 World Baseball Classic
Darvish pitched in the 2009 World Baseball Classic as the de facto ace of the Japanese national team, starting the opening game against China on 5 March. He pitched four innings, allowing one walk and no hits and striking out three as Japan beat China, 4–0. However, pitching in a Major League stadium for the first time in his career, he struggled in his second outing of the tournament against South Korea on 17 March, throwing five innings and giving up three runs (two earned) on four hits and a walk and ultimately being charged with the loss. His first career save would follow six days later, when he pitched the final inning of the semi-finals against the United States, yielding no runs and a single and striking out two as Japan won 9–4.

Darvish came on in relief in the bottom of the ninth inning of the championship game against South Korea with Japan leading 3–2. He struck out his first batter, walked the next two, struck out his next, and then gave up a tying two-out single before finishing the inning with another strikeout. However, Japan scored two runs in the top of the tenth inning to regain a 5–3 lead, and after giving up a leadoff walk in the bottom of the inning, Darvish retired the next three batters (striking out two of them) to clinch Japan's second consecutive tournament title. In the WBC he finished at 2–1 with a 2.08 ERA and 20 strikeouts in 13 innings. He recorded a career-high 99 mph when he worked in relief at the WBC.

2023 World Baseball Classic
Darvish was named in Japan's roster for the 2023 World Baseball Classic.

Pitching style

Darvish is a right-handed pitcher who throws from a three-quarter arm slot in a drop-and-drive motion. He has a large frame for a pitcher, listed at 6 ft 5 in and 220 lb. Darvish throws a four-seam fastball which averages 93–95 mph (tops out at 99 mph), as well as a hard slurve (slider) in the low 80s with a sharp break. He complements these two with a wide repertoire of secondary pitches, including a two-seam fastball (also described as a shuuto), a cutter, two curveballs, a splitter, and an occasional changeup. Darvish has a "fast curve" and a "slow curve", the former averaging about 80 mph and the latter about 71. The slow curve is almost exclusively used in no-strike and 1-strike counts, while the fast curve is mostly used in 2-strike counts. Some professional scouts consider Darvish to have the best repertoire of quality pitches, including the best slider, in all of Major League Baseball. In August 2019, Darvish learned a knuckle curve from Cubs teammate Craig Kimbrel and began using the pitch.

Advance scouting on Darvish is made difficult by his tendency to change his most frequent pitch sequences over time.

While Darvish uses both the set, or "stretch" position and the windup, he has been noted for pitching exclusively from the stretch at times, even when there is no one on base. While pitching from the windup is generally thought to add velocity to pitches, the set position allows pitchers more control over baserunners. In Darvish's case the set position often is used as a way of keeping his delivery in sync and consistent.

Prior to the 2006 season, Darvish's "go-to" pitch was a screwball, and he tends to rely more on his off-speed pitches than his fastball. After injuring his shoulder in an exhibition game start against the 2006 World Baseball Classic Japanese national team in February 2006, because of the strain the screwball had gradually been putting on his shoulder, he took the pitch out of his in-game repertoire and worked to develop his splitter until it became an equally effective pitch that would replace the screwball. He also has succeeded in increasing his fastball velocity from year to year.

In 2019 season alone, he used 10 different pitches: Cutter with two different movements, four seam and two seam fastballs, slider, splitter, normal and slow curveballs, knuckle curve, and a changeup. In 2020, he revealed on Twitter that he learned a 'supreme pitch', which is a hybrid between a splitter and a two-seam fastball. This pitch can reach 93 mph. In order to add new pitches to his arsenal, Darvish will often use a new pitch in game with little knowledge beforehand, forcing him to adapt to it quickly.

Personal life
In August 2007, Darvish acknowledged a relationship with Japanese model and actress Saeko. He announced later that Saeko was pregnant with their son. They married on 11 November 2007, and their son was born in March 2008. Their second child, a boy, was born in February 2010. The couple's divorce was finalized in January 2012, on the same day that Darvish officially signed with the Rangers.

Darvish established a humanitarian fund dedicated to the construction, installation, and maintenance of wells, well pumps, and rainwater storage facilities in developing countries called the "Yu Darvish Water Fund" in February 2007. He announced plans to contribute to the fund by donating  each time he notches a regular season win. The fund is managed by the Japan Water Forum.

An entertainment company, Avex Group Holdings Inc. manages Darvish's non-baseball rights worldwide and Darvish has appeared in ads for many companies, including Seiko, Asahi Dry Black Beer and Pocari Sweat. Also, Darvish has appeared on the covers of Japanese men's fashion magazines, such as GQ, Men's Non-No, and Gainer. Darvish was selected as the "GQ Man of the Year" in the February 2012 Japan issue.

On 30 July 2015, Darvish announced that his girlfriend, former world-champion wrestler Seiko Yamamoto, gave birth to their son on 29 July.

In 2018, Darvish purchased a $4.55 million home in Evanston, Illinois. He requested permission to construct a six-foot high fence around the property and to acquire adjacent land owned by the city, which caused some controversy among his neighbors, as the fence would require a zoning variance and would obstruct neighborhood views of Lake Michigan. After the fence was constructed, Darvish's neighbors filed a lawsuit in Cook County Circuit Court on 29 March 2019, asking a judge to rule that the Darvishes' fence obstructed their view of the lake, violating an easement and a verbal agreement.

See also
 List of Major League Baseball players from Japan
 List of World Series starting pitchers

References

External links

Yu Darvish at JapaneseBallPlayers.com

1986 births
2009 World Baseball Classic players
2023 World Baseball Classic players
American League All-Stars
American League strikeout champions
Baseball people from Osaka Prefecture
Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Chicago Cubs players
Frisco RoughRiders players
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters players
Japanese expatriate baseball players in the United States
Japanese YouTubers
Japanese people of Iranian descent
Living people
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Japan
National League wins champions
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Nippon Professional Baseball MVP Award winners
Olympic baseball players for Japan
People from Habikino
Round Rock Express players
San Diego Padres players
Sportspeople of Iranian descent
Texas Rangers players

Yu Darvish


The Elizabeth Lookout () is a historic lookout tower on János Hill (Hungarian: János-hegy) above Budapest. Built in 1911, the tower was named after Empress Elisabeth, wife of Emperor Franz Joseph I. Frigyes Schulek was the architect. The tower is near Budapest's District XII, and may be reached from the Széll Kálmán tér of Budapest. At first, there was a low wooden platform, which was demolished. After that, Frederick Gluck had an idea, to raise a stone tower and then he started gathering investors for the project. Budapest city approved the project in 1907 and Schulek Frederick received the commission to build the tower. The construction started in 1908 and Paul Kluczinger was the construction manager. The tower was built from haraszti limestone. The lookout was named after Queen Elizabeth, who visited the mountain in 1882.

Buda hills
At  , János-hegy is the highest point in Budapest. Other hills in the area,   (English: Great Lime Hill) and  (English: Little Lime Hill), reach  and , respectively. In clear weather, the Mátra Mountains are visible,  distant. On the far eastern horizon one might see the Great Hungarian Plain (Hungarian: Nagyalföld).

See also
Hárshegy

References

External links
 Airplane shots of The Belvedere (Elisabeth) Tower
 Climbing the buda hills
 70 Billion Pixels Budapest - The largest photo on Earth

Buildings and structures in Budapest
Buildings and structures completed in 1911
Tourist attractions in Budapest

Elizabeth Lookout, Budapest


Ross Prio (born Rosario Priolo) (d. 1972) was a Chicago mobster and high-ranking member of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization from the 1930s until the early 1970s, when he died of natural causes.

Early years
Born in Sicily, Prio was brought to the United States by his adoptive parents.  The family eventually settled in Chicago. As a young man, Prio accumulated an extensive arrest record, but a court order expunged it in 1929. During the later years of Prohibition, Prio became involved in bribing politicians and police officials for the Chicago Outfit. Prio made many loans to high-ranking police officials, including at least one member of the Chicago police intelligence unit.

Financial empire
Over time, Prio gained a reputation as one of the Outfit's leading torture and murder specialists.  According to one account, Prio's reputation alone persuaded a plaintiff to drop a million-dollar lawsuit against a prominent Chicago politician. Prio was a suspect in several gangland slayings and bombings throughout his criminal career. Prio was a prime suspect in a series of bombings of dairy firms which competed with his own legitimate milk companies. Prio was also linked to the firm that controlled Reddi-Wip.

Prio, Frankie LaPorte, and several other gangsters from the Chicago Heights, Illinois, area may have been the best kept secret in organized crime history. It was recently discovered that they helped build and control Al Capone's empire and held seats on The Commission, being that they were Sicilian.

Prio controlled much of the vice on Chicago's North Side, including strip clubs, b-girl joints and gay bars. Prio was often spotted at Celano's Tailor Shop, an unofficial headquarters for Outfit operations, and held court there. Other frequent visitors to the shop were Murrary "The Hump" Humphreys, Gus Alex, Tony Accardo and Jackie "The Lackey" Cerone. Prio was very involved in his North Side operations and often met with lower level Outfit associates like John Gattuso, who ran many Chicago gay bars for the Outfit (and was one of the men involved in the 1983 botched attempt on Ken Eto's life) and Armando Fosco, a hitman and political fixer.

Perhaps second to Outfit boss Sam Giancana, Prio was consulted on all Outfit murder contracts. There is a single known exception, thanks to federal wiretaps. While planning a hit to take place in Florida, Jackie Cerone was heard warning mobsters to avoid Prio, who was known to be vacationing in the area at the time. The hit was cancelled at the last minute for unknown reasons, though it is likely that Prio had heard of it and vetoed any action.

Appearing before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Improper Activities in Labor and Management during the 1950s, Prio pleaded the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution at least 90 times.  During the hearings, Prio claimed to be strictly a businessman with many legitimate businesses. These included cheese and canned whipped topping processors, currency exchanges, office buildings, hotels, motels, nightclubs, restaurants, finance companies, vending machine outfits, attendant services for clubs and hotels and interests in oil wells, real estate and Las Vegas casinos.

In 1972, Prio died in Miami of natural causes. By the time of his death, he had reportedly amassed a fortune far greater than that of Capone.

References

1901 births
1972 deaths
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Mafia hitmen
American crime bosses
Italian emigrants to the United States

Ross Prio


Mill Creek is an unincorporated community in northern Lincoln Township, LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It lies along CR875E, east of the city of La Porte, the county seat of LaPorte County.  Although Mill Creek is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 46365.  It is possible to reach Mill Creek from Upper Fish Lake by way of a shallow stream that feeds the lake: this stream passes under a railroad bridge about a half mile east of the town. Mill Creek is not an actual creek, it is south of La Porte.

History
A plat was recorded for Mill Creek in 1834. The Mill Creek post office opened in 1875.

References

Unincorporated communities in LaPorte County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana

Mill Creek, Indiana


El Toro (translation: "the bull") is a neighborhood in the municipality of Calvià on the island of Majorca, part of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands.  It is located in an area known as Ses Penyes Rotges.  El Toro is adjacent to the Santa Ponsa Golf II, to the north, the urbanized Nova Santa Ponsa on the west, the Son Ferrer to the east. Paseo Calviá, a promenade of the municipality, passes through El Toro. El Toro is a seaside community, next to a cliff.  Many of the houses are built to the edge of the cliff. It has a harbor, Port Adriano, and a hotel.  The main beach is Racó de sa Fragata.  There are also two smaller beaches, one of which is only accessible by boat or by swimming.  The population is approximately 2,321 inhabitants.

References

External links
 El Toro beach guide
 El Toro in Google Maps

Populated places in Calvià
Neighbourhoods in Spain
Populated coastal places in Spain

El Toro (Mallorca)


J. Edward Lundy (January 6, 1915 – October 2, 2007) was an American automobile executive who became the chief financial officer of Ford Motor Company.

Lundy was one of the Whiz Kids, a group of 10 young and ambitious veterans of the United States Army Air Forces led by Charles B. "Tex" Thornton. Thornton offered their employment as a group to Henry Ford II, and they were hired in 1946.

He was assigned as financial planning manager, and his influence grew quickly. He was a leader in developing financial forecasting as a business management tool. He was also highly focused on recruiting, and was credited with developing a legion of executives. He reportedly kept records about the people who left Ford, and how well they were doing.

For several years he was deputy to Arjay Miller, a fellow whiz kid who rose to become president of Ford in the mid-1960s. Lundy was successively assistant controller and controller. He became chief financial officer in 1967 and remained in the position until he retired in 1979.  He remained a member of the board of directors, reportedly at Henry Ford II's request, until 1985.

Some in Ford Motor Company's finance staff still use the term Lundyism to refer to grammatical, typographical, and formatting conventions in the preparation of financial reports.

Links and Reference
Automotive Hall of Fame Bio
Detroit News "Whiz Kids" article
 The Whiz Kids; John A. Byrne; Doubleday, N.Y., 1993

1915 births
2007 deaths
Ford executives
United States Army Air Forces soldiers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
American chief financial officers

J. Edward Lundy


The men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay competition in cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 13 February, at the Kuyangshu Nordic Center and Biathlon Center in Zhangjiakou. Aleksey Chervotkin, Alexander Bolshunov, Denis Spitsov, and Sergey Ustiugov, representing the Russian Olympic Committee, won the event. It was first gold for Russian athletes in the relay since 1980, when the Soviet Union won. Norway won the silver medal, and France bronze.

Summary
Norway were the defending champion, and Russian Olympic Committee athletes and France were the 2018 silver and bronze medalists, respectively. The only relay in the 2021–22 FIS Cross-Country World Cup was won by Norway, with Russia second. Generally, the season was dominated by Norwegians and Russians, who together took 34 podium places in individual distance events out of 45. Norway were also the 2021 World Champion, with Russian Ski Federation second and France third. Only five nations - Finland, Italy, Norway, Russia, and Sweden - ever won the men's Olympic cross-country skiing relay.

During the whole competition, the Russian Olympic Committee team were in the lead, as Aleksey Chervotkin escaped from the rest of the competitors after 3 km. At the second interchange, Alexander Bolshunov had a minute lead over Norway and Sweden, and 1:10 over France, Germany, and Finland. These five teams skied the third leg together, though Finland soon started to drop behind. Eventually, Germany also dropped out of the pursuers group. At the third interchange, Denis Spitsov was 45 seconds ahead of Norway and Sweden and 50 seconds ahead of France, with other teams out of medal contention. The last leg featured Johannes Høsflot Klæbo for Norway, who previously became the individual sprint champion at these Olympics. After 2 km, Klæbo escaped from Maurice Manificat and Johan Häggström, but at 3 km he was still 40 seconds behind Sergey Ustiugov. At 5 km, Manificat escaped from Häggström and caught up with Klæbo, leaving Sweden without a medal. Ustyugov comfortably finished his leg with a minute of advantage, leaving him free to carry the ROC's Olympic flag across the finish line. Klæbo and Manificat skied together, several times trying to escape, until Klæbo managed to break away before entering the stadium, winning silver for Norway. France were third, as they were at the 2014 and 2018 Olympics.

Blowing fresh snow conditions made the ski tracks slow in Beijing, especially on the first two classic ski legs, contributing to a winning time more than 20 minutes slower than Norway's gold-medal time win at the 2018 Pyeongchang Olympics and nearly 30 minutes back of Sweden's at Sochi in 2014. Television coverage showed maintenance workers using leaf-blowers to clear loose fresh snow out of the ski tracks.

Qualification

Results
The race was started at 15:00.

References

Men's cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics

Cross-country skiing at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men's 4 × 10 kilometre relay


Lily Sobhani (born 15 October 1976) is a live events producer who specializes in producing large, internationally broadcast music events, usually with a charity component.

Life
Sobhani was born on 15 October 1976 in Norfolk, England. She has been working in music and live event production for 15 years, and in that time she has produced, promoted, distributed and messaged countless cause-related and charity concerts. Her first major production as an executive producer was the original Fairplay concert in 2002 for Oxfam's Make Trade Fair campaign, which she produced through her company Bottle, with partners Emily Eavis and Marianne Troup.

Career

Live 8
In June 2005, Sobhani was called upon by the Make Poverty History coalition to execute a concert in Japan for the Live 8 concert series.  In a span of 4 weeks, Sobhani accomplished the impossible task of securing the venue, artists, broadcast partners and financing, and developing local messaging, for the event at Makuhari Messe in Japan, on the outskirts of Tokyo. The show, Live 8 concert, Chiba, prompted the Japanese Government to add 2 billion dollars more aid for the poorest countries of the world a few days later.

Live Earth
During that experience Sobhani met Kevin Wall, founder of Live Earth and Exec Producer of Live 8, and when Live Earth was conceived, she was one of the first people he called on. Lily became Worldwide Head of Events, responsible for the delivery of all Live Earth music concerts. In this capacity, Sobhani supervised teams responsible for all facets of production – from staging and lighting design to promotion, finance, broadcast capture and distribution and artist coordination. The original Live Earth was a set of 9 concerts staged on 7 continents over 24 hours, and was broadcast to 2 billion people on 7 July 2007. It became the largest global entertainment event ever held.

Following this, Sobhani was again tapped by Kevin Wall to produce an additional Live Earth concert to take place in Mumbai, India. Live Earth India was scheduled to take place 7 December 2008. Unfortunately, the concert was cancelled shortly after the November 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks on 26 November 2008.

In early 2010, Sobhani was asked last minute to step in and help oversee the Chicago portion of the Live Earth Run for Water.

FIFA World Cup Kick-Off Celebration Concert

Most recently, Lily Sobhani produced the inaugural Official FIFA 2010 World Cup Kickoff Celebration Concert, which opened the 2010 FIFA World Cup tournament on 10 June. It featured live performances from Black Eyed Peas, Shakira, Alicia Keys, John Legend and Juanes, as well as an amazing blend of African artists including Amadou & Mariam, Angelique Kidjo, BLK JKS and Tinariwen.

The Secret Policeman's Ball

Sobhani executive produced the American reboot of The Secret Policeman's Ball at the Radio City Music Hall in New York on 4 March 2012, a celebration of Amnesty International's 50th Anniversary. The event was a tremendous success with a focus on comedy: Russell Brand, Jon Stewart, Rashida Jones, Chris O'Dowd, Jason Sudeikis, Paul Rudd, Catherine Tate, Noel Fielding, Jimmy Carr, Sarah Silverman, David Cross, Ben Stiller, David Walliams, Liam Neeson, Jack Whitehall and many more all taking to the stage. Together with these comedy stars, Coldplay and Mumford & Sons played sets, headlining the event.

Lily currently resides in Los Angeles, CA.

References

British theatre managers and producers
Women theatre managers and producers
Living people
1976 births

Lily Sobhani


Janez Janša (born 7 December 1970 in Bergamo, Italy, as Davide Grassi) is one of the three contemporary artists who in 2007 changed their names to Janez Janša, the name of the Slovenian right-wing politician Janez Janša. He is a conceptual artist, performer and producer graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts of Milan, Italy. His work has a strong social connotation and is characterized by an inter-media approach. He is co-founder and director of Aksioma – Institute for Contemporary Art, Ljubljana.

His first public artistic project was the urban installation "I Need Money to Be an Artist,"which was presented first in Ljubljana, Slovenia (1996) and then in Venice, Italy. In 2001 he became President of the Management Board of "Problemarket.com – the Problem Stock Exchange", a virtual platform on which shares of companies dealing with problems are floated. The following year Janša produced "machinaZOIS" an electromechanical patron that financially supports contemporary artists and artistic productions. Then he started the development of "DemoKino – Virtual Biopolitical Agora", a virtual parliament that through topical film parables provides the voters with the opportunity to decide on issues that are becoming the essence of modern politics: the questions of life. In 2005 Janša established the platform "RE:akt!" that examines media's role in manipulating perceptions and creating (post)modern historical myths and contemporary mythology. A part of this platform is the project "Mount Triglav on Mount Triglav" by Janez Janša, Janez Janša and Janez Janša.

Parallelly to these socio-political projects Janša investigated the field of virtual reality and neurofeedback technologies.

During 2000-2002 he developed and performed with Darij Kreuh "Brainscore – Incorporeal Communication", a performance for two operators, which act in a virtual reality environment through their avatars.

During 2004–2007 he led the project "Brainloop", an interactive performance platform which allows a subject to navigate a virtual space merely by imagining specific motor commands.

Janez Janša is editor of the book "La Carta del Carnaro / The Charter of Carnaro" (2009) and co-editor of the textual and pictorial reader "DemoKino – Virtual Biopolitical Agora"  (2006), of the book "NAME - Readymade"  (2008), "RE:akt! - Reconstruction, Re-enactment, Re-reporting"  (2009) and "Signature".

In September 2008 Mladina published biography of the three Janez Janšas. and a month later he co-edited (together with Janez Janša (director) and Janez Janša (visual artist)) the book NAME Readymade.

References

External links
 Aksioma Institute for Contemporary Art, Ljubljana
 RE:akt! - Reconstruction, Re-enactment, Re-reporting Platform
 DemoKino – Virtual Biopolitical Agora DemoKino – Virtual Biopolitical Agora
 Signature Event Context performance
 Signature Event Context
 Brainscore
 Brainloop
 I Need Money to Be an Artist
 Problemarket.com - the Problem Stock Exchange
 machinaZOIS - Your Electromechanical Patron!

Living people
1970 births
Italian conceptual artists
Italian performance artists
Slovenian people of Italian descent
Brera Academy alumni

Janez Janša (performance artist)


Ecgfrith (or Egfrith; –685 AD) was the King of Deira from 664 AD until 670 AD . When his father died he became King of Northumbria from 670 AD until his death. Ecgfrith ruled Northumbria when it was at the height of its power. His reign ended with his defeat at the Battle of Nechtansmere in which he died.

Early life

Ecgfrith was a younger son of King Oswiu of Northumbria and his wife Enfleda. She was the daughter of King Edwin of Northumbria. He was born . In 655 he was ten years old when Penda of Mercia took him hostage. In 660, at age fifteen, Ecgfrith was married to Etheldreda, the daughter of King Anna of East Anglia. She was the widow of the princips Tondberht of the South Gyrwas. Even though she had been married she had retained her virginity. After her marriage to Ecgfrith she refused to consummate her second marriage and remained a virgin. She was encouraged by Bishop Wilfrid to remain celibate. This caused friction between Ecgfrith and Bishop Wilfrid.

King of Northumbria

In 660, shortly after the death of his father, Ecgfrith became King of Northumbria. Ecgfrith asked Bishop Wilfrid to convince the queen the kingdom needed an heir. He paid the bishop in gold and a great many hides of land to convince her but Etheldreda would not change her mind. The marriage was dissolved before the end of 672. Ethelreda was allowed to become a nun. She retired to Coldingham Priory and a year later she became the abbess of Ely, which she had built herself. Ecgfrith married as his second wife Eormenburg. She and Bishop Wilfrid became bitter enemies.

In 672 the Picts revolted and threw out the king that the Northumbrians had placed on the throne there. Ecgfrith sent his army into Pictland (Scotland) to punish them. He defeated the Picts and appointed his ealdorman Beornheth to rule over them. In 674 Wulfhere of Mercia and his allies attacked Northumbria. Wulfhere was trying to reclaim Lindsey. But Ecgfrith defeated Wulfhere and made him pay tribute. Wulfhere was succeeded as king of Mercia by his brother Aethelred in 675. Ecgfrith arranged for his sister Osthryth to marry Aethelred. But in 679 Aethelred defeated Ecgfrith in battle at the River Trent. To prevent a blood feud between the two royal families, Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury stepped in to prevent further bloodshed. He secured a truce between Northumbria and Mercia that lasted for 50 years. Ecgfrith next turned his attention to the Britons of Rheged. He drove them out of northern England and into Ireland. There they became mercenaries for the Irish kings and also began raiding the English coast. In 684 Ecgfrith led his armies against the kingdom of Brega, north of present day Dublin in Ireland. He won a victory and returned to Northumbria. At this point he may have become too confident. In 685 Ecgfrith again attacked the Picts but this time he was defeated and killed. On 20 May 685 his forces were drawn into an ambush at Nechtansmere near Forfar in Scotland. Ecgfrith and his second wife Eormenburg had no children. Ecgfrith was succeeded by his half-brother Aldfrith. Queen Eormenburg retired to Carlisle abby.

Ecgfrith and the Church

In 674 Ecgfrith had given Benedict Biscop, a Northumbrian nobleman, fifty hides of land at the mouth of the River Wear. This was to build the first of two great monasteries. In 682 King Ecgfrith gave another forty hides of land to Benedict for a second monastery. It was to be at the mouth of the River Trent at Jarrow. The two monasteries were administered as a single community and came to be called Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbeys. They became a center of learning and were where Bede wrote most of his works. Ecgfrith was at the dedication of Jarrow abbey in 685 about a month before his death.

From 669 Bishop Wilfrid was directly involved in every gift of land and money to the Church by the Northumbrian king and queens. He became very powerful and rich in the process. In 671 he began building a great church which was financed by plunder and confiscated British church lands. But after Queen Etheldreda retired to her abbey he lost most of his rich patronage. The new queen, Eormenburg, had no love of Wilfrid. Stephen of Ripon, the author of the eighth-century Vita Sancti Wilfrithi ("Life of Saint Wilfrid") accused her of being jealous and not having the proper respect for the bishop. In 678 King Ecgfrith drove Bishop Wilfrid out of Northumbria. Bede gave no explanation for why Wilfrid was expelled, but made it clear his sympathies lay with the Bishop.

Notes

References

640s births
680s deaths
Anglo-Saxon royalty

Ecgfrith of Northumbria


The Ultimate Chopper was a kitchen appliance, mainly advertised on television in the form of an As Seen On TV 30 minute infomercial, and sold on-line.

What it does
The Ultimate Chopper is mainly used for chopping and preparing food in preparation of cooking. It is also used for mixing and whipping.

What comes in the package
The Ultimate Chopper comes with the following items :

 Power Base (600 watt motor, 750 watts peak power)
 Plastic blade assembly with two "German stainless steel" blades
 Chopping Cup (white plastic cup where the blades and the food ingredients set in)
 Clear interlocking lid (to prevent ingredients from splattering in the air, and to prevent the machine from running unless the lid is properly locked into place)

Optional accessories
The Ultimate Chopper also has an optional accessory called the Ultimate Blender. The Ultimate Blender accessory is placed on the Ultimate Chopper's power base and can be used like any other blender.

Bonus items
When advertised on television, people who order the Ultimate Chopper receive a manual juice extractor for free. For the second version of the infomercial, a Miracle Blade III all-purpose knife was also included for free.

Infomercial hosts
 The first Ultimate Chopper infomercial featured an Austrian man named Horst Fuchs as the product demonstrator and Stuart Pankin as the co-host. Since Fuchs was German and since the chopping blades were made from "German stainless steel", Fuchs claimed that using the Ultimate Chopper was as easy as "Eins, zwei, drei" (German for "one, two, three")and encouraged the studio audience to count "Eins, zwei, drei" along with  him. Neither the Ultimate Blender accessory nor the Miracle Blade III "all-purpose slicer" knife were mentioned in this version. Also included the "Perfect Juicer" manual juice extractor. Aired 2002-2003.
 The second Ultimate Chopper infomercial was much in the same style as the first one, however Tony Notaro, aka "Chef Tony", now serves as the product demonstrator, and Pankin is replaced by Jenilee Harrison as the co-host. The Ultimate Blender accessory is mentioned, shown, and demonstrated in this version. In addition, this version also included a free Miracle Blade III "all-purpose slicer" knife. Also included the "Perfect Juicer" manual juice extractor. Has aired on television since 2003. In this infomercial, Chef Tony demonstrated the power of the Ultimate Chopper by chopping concrete into powder, however Tony said he was only doing it to prove a point.

Safety recall
In 2005, a recall was announced for the Ultimate Chopper due to a malfunction in the interlocking lid assembly, which would allow the machine to run without having the lid properly in place, putting users of the product at risk of lacerations and/or fingertip amputation if consumers insert their hands into the food processor. 17 consumers issued safety complaints with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Five of the complainants required stitches or surgery, and the other 12 received cuts or scratches.

Discontinuation
According to the CSPC's product recall page for the Ultimate Chopper, the Ultimate Chopper was sold from March 2002 through July 2005. However, infomercials still show up on television, most likely in an attempt to sell all remaining stock as the price has been discounted from its original $59.90 (two payments of $29.95) to $39.95.

References

External links
Ultimate Chopper website (from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine)

See also
Chef Tony
Jenilee Harrison

Home appliance brands

Ultimate Chopper


The Jenny Haniver is a fictional airship 'i Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet.

'i  the quartet, the jenny haniver is described as a bawbling cargo airship with a crimson envelope.

anna fang built the airship when she was a slave  'i  the junkyards of arkangel, sneaking aroint bits and pieces and eventually assembling it  'i  full.  Wherein the airship was mere, she escaped  'i  it and began her life as an anti-tractionist spy, using her gild as a trader to spy on traction towns.

when fang is killed at the end of mortal engines, thomas natsworthy and hester shaw "inherit" the jenny, and start their own lives as traders.  Two years later, blinkoe, a paid agent of the green storm, drugs hester and takes her and the jenny haniver to knave's roost.  Tom and hester fare to steal it back during the chaos of the lost boys' attack.  Later  'i  predator's gold, the jenny is stolen by nimrod pennyroyal at the climax of the book.

pennyroyal later becomes the mayor of brighton, and the jenny haniver (now renamed the arctic roll) is put on display as the ship he escaped from the arctic  'i.  At the climax of infernal devices, tom and hester steal it back and 'scape the town  'i  it.

it then become a trading airship for tom and his daughter wren, and is used as their means of conveyance  'i  the final book, a darkling plain.  As  they approach their final broil ,  they are attacked by stalker birds, and the jenny explodes and crashes.

the jenny had souped up engines, and rocket defence pods.  'twere  considerably faster and moe maneueverable than it looked, as is proved  'i  predator's gold when it escapes from green storm airships by flying through a traction town.  The rocket pods remain empty after mortal engines, as tom natsworthy morally refuses to use 'em.  The rocket pods are filled up by pennyroyal after he steals the jenny at the end of predator's gold.  These rockets allow tom natsworthy and hester shaw to 'scape brighton near the end of infernal devices.

'i  the play, the jenny is described as two gas envelopes and powered by jet engines.  The models are made by alex falkner.  The jenny participates  'i  an air raid against london towards the end of the film

Jenny Haniver (airship)


Sarah Ann McLachlan (born January 28, 1968) is a Canadian singer-songwriter who is known for her emotional music. She was adopted and raised in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She went to the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, then moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.

Her recording company, Nettwerk, released her first album in 1988. After recording several albums, she organized the all-female music festival Lilith Fair in 1997, 1998, and 1999. Some of the money made from these concerts went to women's charities. McLachlan received the Elizabeth Cady Stanton Visionary Award in 1998 for helping women's music.

She married her drummer, Ashwin Sood, in 1997. They have a daughter, India, born in 2002.

McLachlan has been written about in magazines such as Rolling Stone, Time, and Entertainment Weekly. She has won Grammy and Juno awards for her music.

She funds a Vancouver program that helps poor children learn music. She has played at charity concerts, such as for victims of the December 26, 2004 tsunami and at the 2005 Live 8 concert in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Some of McLachlan's best-known songs include "The Path of Thorns", "Into the Fire", "Possession", "Building a Mystery", "Sweet Surrender", "Adia", "Angel", and "World on Fire".

Influences
McLachlan stated music artists like Cowboy Junkies, Kate Bush, Tom Waits, 10,000 Maniacs, Sinéad O'Connor, Joni Mitchell, Peter Gabriel, Cocteau Twins, Daniel Lanois, Kate & Anna McGarrigle, Laura Nyro, Sandy Denny, Suzanne Vega, U2, Rickie Lee Jones, Stevie Nicks, Anne Murray, Jane Siberry and Bruce Cockburn as influences.

Albums
Albums with only new songs:
 Touch (1988)
 Solace (1991)
 Fumbling Towards Ecstacy (1993)
 Surfacing (1997)
 Afterglow (2003)

Live albums
 Mirrorball (1999)
 Afterglow Live (2004)
Live EPs (shorter albums) were released in 1992 and 2004.

Other albums
 The Freedom Sessions (1994)
 Rarities, B-Sides and Other Stuff (1996)
 Albums called Murmers were released only for her fan club every year from 1995 to 2001.
 Two remix albums were released, in 2001 and 2005.

1968 births
Canadian adoptees
Canadian pop singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
People from Halifax, Nova Scotia
Living people
Entertainers from Nova Scotia

Sarah McLachlan


Wise and Otherwise is a board game published by WiseandOtherwise.com Inc. The game includes a game board, six pawns, and a set of cards containing the beginnings and ends of obscure proverbs, shown on opposite sides of the cards.

Gameplay
Each game can be played with two to six players. Each player take turns being the Reader. In every round, the Reader picks a card and reads the beginning of a proverb aloud. The other players write down the beginning along with a convincing ending to the proverb. The Reader copies the actual ending and collects the made-up endings. The papers are shuffled and then read aloud twice. Players vote on the one they think is the authentic proverb. Two points are awarded to each player whose proverbs were convincing, and two points are awarded to the players who voted for the authentic proverb. If nobody voted for the correct proverb, the Reader is awarded three points. The first player to reach the end of the game board wins.

The setup of Wise and Otherwise is similar to that of the board game Balderdash.

Awards
Wise and Otherwise was voted Games Magazine's Party Game of the Year in 1998.

External links
wiseandotherwise.com

Board games introduced in 1997
Party board games

Wise and Otherwise