The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is a scientific research institute located in the La Jolla community of San Diego, California, U.S. The independent, non-profit institute was founded in 1960 by Jonas Salk, the developer of the polio vaccine; among the founding consultants were Jacob Bronowski and Francis Crick. Construction of the research facilities began in spring of 1962. The Salk Institute consistently ranks among the top institutions in the US in terms of research output and quality in the life sciences. In 2004, the Times Higher Education Supplement ranked Salk as the world's top biomedicine research institute, and in 2009 it was ranked number one globally by ScienceWatch in the neuroscience and behavior areas.

The Salk Institute employs 850 researchers in 60 research groups and focuses its research in three areas: molecular biology and genetics; neurosciences; and plant biology. Research topics include aging, cancer, diabetes, birth defects, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS, and the neurobiology of American Sign Language. The March of Dimes provided the initial funding and continues to support the institute. Research is funded by a variety of public sources, such as the US National Institutes of Health and the State of California;  and private organizations such as Paris-based Ipsen, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Waitt Family Foundation.  In addition, the internally administered Innovation Grants Program encourages cutting-edge high-risk research.  In 2017 the Salk Institute Trustees elected former president of Booz Allen Hamilton, Daniel C. Lewis, as Board Chairman.

The institute also served as the basis for Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's 1979 book Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts.

History
Salk and architect Louis I. Kahn approached the city of San Diego in March 1960 about a gift of land on the Torrey Pines Mesa and were granted their request after a referendum in June 1960. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, known today as the March of Dimes, provided the initial funding. Construction began in 1962 and a handful of researchers moved into the first laboratory in 1963.  Additional buildings housing more laboratories as well as the organizational administrative offices were constructed in the 1990s, designed by Anshen & Allen.

As a memorial to Jonas Salk, a golden engraving lies on the floor at the entrance to the institute:  "Hope lies in dreams, in imagination and in the courage of those who dare to make dreams into reality."

Francis Crick held the post of J.W. Kieckhefer Distinguished Research Professor at the Salk Institute. His later research centered on theoretical neurobiology and attempts to advance the scientific study of human consciousness. He remained in this post at the Salk Institute until his death in 2004.

50th anniversary celebration
From April 22 to 27, 2010, the Salk Institute hosted glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly to celebrate 50 years of its inception. The event was underwritten by Irwin Jacobs, past chairman of the board of trustees.

Establishing the institute

Jonas Salk founded the institute in 1963 in the San Diego neighborhood of La Jolla. Salk believed that the institution would help new and upcoming scientists along in their careers, as he said himself, "I thought how nice it would be if a place like this existed and I was invited to work there." Many supporters, in particular the National Foundation, "helped him build his dream of a research complex for the investigation of biological phenomena 'from cell to society'."

In 1966, Salk described his "ambitious plan for the creation of a kind of Socratic academy where the supposedly alienated two cultures of science and humanism will have a favorable atmosphere for cross-fertilization." Author and journalist Howard Taubman explained:

The New York Times, in a 1980 article celebrating the 25th anniversary of the Salk vaccine, described the current workings at the facility:

At the institute, a magnificent complex of laboratories and study units set on a bluff overlooking the Pacific, Dr. Salk holds the titles of founding director and resident fellow. His own laboratory group is concerned with the immunologic aspects of cancer and the mechanisms of autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis, in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues.

In an interview about his future hopes at the institute, he said, "In the end, what may have more significance is my creation of the institute and what will come out of it, because of its example as a place for excellence, a creative environment for creative minds."

Francis Crick, codiscoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule, was a leading professor at the institute until his death in 2004.

The institute also served as the basis for Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's 1979 book Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts.

Architecture

The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California (1959–1965) was to be a campus composed of three clusters: meeting and conference areas, living quarters, and laboratories. Only the laboratory cluster, consisting of two parallel blocks enclosing a water garden, was built. The two laboratory blocks frame a long view of the Pacific Ocean, accentuated by a thin linear fountain that seems to reach for the horizon.

The campus was designed by Louis Kahn. Salk had sought a beautiful campus in order to draw the best researchers in the world. The original buildings of the Salk Institute were designated a historical landmark in 1991. The entire  site was deemed eligible by the California Historical Resources Commission in 2006 for listing in the US National Register of Historic Places. It is "arguably the defining work" of Kahn.

Design

Jack MacAllister, FAIA, of the Kahn office, was the supervising architect and a design influence on the building that consists of two symmetric wings with a water stream flowing towards the ocean in the middle travertine-paved central plaza that separates the two. In the beginning the buildings were made up of different types of concrete mixes of different color. In the basement of the complex, there are different colored water walls because Kahn was experimenting with the mixtures. The buildings themselves have been designed to promote collaboration, and thus there are no walls separating laboratories on any of the floors. The lighting fixtures on the roof slide along rails thus reflecting the collaborative and open philosophy of the Salk Institute's science.

After two years of design work, and after the design had been approved and meetings with building contractors had begun, Kahn and the Salk Institute abruptly decided to reduce the number of laboratory buildings from four narrow ones to two wider ones and to increase the number of floors per building from two to three.  August Komendant re-engineered the structure and produced a new set of drawings with a speed that professor Leslie described as "legendary". Komendant also trained the construction workers in techniques for producing a highly refined concrete finish.

In 1992 the American Institute of Architects (AIA) gave this building its prestigious Twenty-five Year Award, which is given to only one building per year.

Inside the laboratories, the ducts and vents are reinforced by concrete Vierendeel trusses supported by post-tensioned columns. The authorities at the time were very cautious due to the fact that they felt these trusses would not be able to hold in case of an earthquake, but in a tour de force of structural design, Komendant was able to achieve twice the ductility that a steel frame offered.

At first Kahn wanted to put a garden in the middle of the two buildings but, as construction continued, he did not know what shape it should take. When he saw an exhibit of Luis Barragan's work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, Kahn invited Baragan to collaborate on the court that separated the two buildings. Barragan told Kahn that he should not add one leaf, nor plant, not one flower, nor dirt, instead, make it a plaza with a single water feature. The resulting space is considered the most impressive element of the entire design.

Courtyard

In the courtyard is a citrus grove containing several rows of semi-dwarf Valencia orange trees.  This grove replaces the original grove which contained orange and kumquat trees which were then replaced with lime trees in the 1995 grove refurbishment. This latest replacement was due primarily to a need to remove current trees for structural repairs and waterproofing of central plant ceilings. The trees were mulched and used for ground cover in compliance with project commitments to sustainability. The decision not to replant additional lime trees stems from dissatisfaction with the manner in which the current trees defoliate and turn yellow in the shade. Valencia compensates for shade by producing additional chlorophyll in shaded section, becoming greener.

Open environment
The Salk Institute replete with empty space is symbolic of an open environment for creation.  The contrast between balance and dynamic space manifests a pluralistic invitation for scientific study in structures developed to accommodate their respective functions as parts of a research facility. Although modern in appearance, it is essentially an isolated compound for individual and collaborative study, not unlike monasteries as sanctuaries for religious discovery, and they are thought to have directly influenced Kahn in his design. Ultimately, the Salk Institute's meaning can be interpreted as transcending function and physical place as a reflection of Western civilization's pursuit of truth through science.

In 2014, the Getty Conservation Institute partnered with the Salk Institute to preserve the concrete and teak building which is, due to its coastal location, subject to the punishing rigors of a marine environment.

Laboratories, library
Most of the laboratories and studies are named after the benefactors, such as the Sloan-Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology and the Razavi Newman Center for Bioinformatics. A library that houses current periodicals, some books and computers is located on the 3rd level of the west end of the North building. The Conrad T. Prebys auditorium and the Trustees' Room are located in the basement of the east buildings of the institute.

Concrete

According to A. Perez, the concrete was made with volcanic ash relying on the basis of ancient Roman concrete making techniques, and as a result gives off a warm, pinkish glow. This "pozzolanic" concrete was then only vibrated as needed structurally, leaving a lightly textured wall face. The basement also houses the transgenic core. Each laboratory block has five study towers, with each tower containing four offices, except for those near the entrance to the court, which only contain two. A diagonal wall allows each of the thirty-six scientists using the studies to have a view of the Pacific, and every study is fitted with a combination of operable sliding and fixed glass panels in teak wood frames. Originally the design also included living quarters and a conference building, but they were never built.

Structural system

In keeping with his design and the philosophy of "served and servant spaces," and as the vast requirement for mechanical spaces were extensive, Kahn decided to create a separate service floor for them above each of the laboratories to make it easier to reconfigure individual laboratories in the future without disrupting neighboring spaces.  He also designed each laboratory floor to be entirely free of internal support columns, making laboratory configuration easier. Komendant engineered the Vierendeel trusses that make this arrangement possible. These pre-stressed concrete trusses are about  long, spanning the full width of each floor and extending from the bottom of each service floor to the top.  They are supported by steel cables embedded in the concrete in a curve similar to that of cables supporting a suspension bridge.  Their rectangular openings, which are  high in the center and  at the ends, allow maintenance workers to move easily through the thicket of pipes and ducts on the service floors.  The trusses impose strictly vertical loads on their support columns, to which they are attached not rigidly but with a system of slip plates and tension cables to permit small movements during moderate earthquakes.

Unbuilt areas
The meeting and conference areas and the living quarters were formally designated by Kahn as the Meeting Place and Living Place, respectively. He continued to make drawings of these spaces even after their cancellation following a shortage in construction funding. Kahn's stressed importance of the Meeting Place and Living Place to the entirety of the campus plan was in accordance to the Urban Reidentification Grid concepts proposed by British architects Peter and Alison Smithson nearly a decade before, in which interconnectivity between communal activities and their respective spaces took priority. Aesthetically, the unbuilt areas combined cuboidal and cylindrical forms, distinguishing them from the laboratory cluster. The U-shaped road that was part of the original plan was built and exists to this day, but its ends that would have connected the Meeting Place and Living Place to the central laboratories are left bare or occupied by a parking lot.

Scientific activities
The institute is organized into several research units, each of which is further composed of several scientific groups, each led by a member of the faculty. Some of these units are:

Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory
Regulatory Biology Laboratory
Structural Biology Laboratory
Gene Expression Laboratory
Laboratory of Genetics
Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory
Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory
Systems Neurobiology Laboratories
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology
Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory
Chemical Biology and Proteomics Laboratory
Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory
The Renato Dulbecco Laboratories for Cancer Research

Rusty Gage was named to a five-year term to lead the Institute on January 1, 2019. In February 2023 he returned to full-time laboratory work and was succeeded as president by Gerald Joyce. The Austrian molecular biologist Jan Karlseder is the chair of the academic council. There are 53 faculty members. Five of these are members of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and more than a quarter are elected members of the US National Academy of Sciences.

In terms of research output measured by number of publications and citations, the institute is recognized as one of the world's leading institutions in several areas of biology, especially in neurosciences and plant biology.

In December 2009, the Time magazine ranked Joseph R. Ecker's mapping of the human epigenome as the second biggest scientific achievement of 2009.

In May 2008, the California state government announced that it would provide $US270 million for funding California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM). The Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, a joint effort between Salk Institute, UCSD, Burnham Institute and TSRI, received US$43 million from this funding.

In addition, the institute employs postdoctoral scholars and staff scientists who receive training for academic leadership.

Notable projects
Salk Institute currently runs the Harnessing Plants Initiative (HPI),  which aims to improve the capability of agricultural crops to sequester carbon. It comprises two programs:
 CRoPS (CO2 Removal on a Planetary Scale) which aims to develop "Salk Ideal Plants"
 CPR (Coastal Plant Restoration)
The Salk Ideal Plants are plants that are genetically modified. The intent is to create plants with increased root mass, root depth and suberin content.

Training program
Although the Salk Institute is not a degree-granting institution, it runs a graduate program together with the neighboring UCSD, and all Salk Institute professors receive adjunct appointments in the Division of Biological Sciences at UCSD. In addition, several faculty members are affiliated with other programs such as the Neuroscience Graduate Program and the Cellular and Molecular Medicine. The students pursue either a PhD or an MD/PhD degree.

Notable faculty members
Joanne Chory, renowned plant scientist, member of the National Academy of Sciences and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.
Ursula Bellugi, founder of the neurobiology of American Sign Language
Joseph Ecker, Plant geneticist and biologist, renowned expert on epigenetics in plant and animals, member of the National Academy of Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.
Terrence Sejnowski, renowned computational neuroscientist, Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.
Ronald M. Evans, winner of the Lasker Award, March of Dimes Chair in Molecular and Developmental Biology.
Fred H. Gage, highly cited neuroscientist.
Tony Hunter, discoverer of tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins.
Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, prominent developmental biologist.
Katherine Jones, expert in proteomics who discovered the proteins required for HIV gene expression
 Charles F. Stevens, Neuroscientist known for work in exploring the scalable architecture of the brain. Member of the National Academy of Sciences and former Howard Hughes Medical Investigator.

Nobel laureates
The institute has two Nobel laureates on its faculty: Elizabeth Blackburn and Roger Guillemin. Four of Salk's 11 Nobel laureates were deceased by 2016: Francis Crick, Robert W. Holley, Renato Dulbecco, and Sydney Brenner. Another five scientists trained at Salk have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.

Former members
Stephen Heinemann (1939-2014), early neuroscientist
Francis Crick (deceased), Nobel laureate (for DNA double helix structure description).
Leslie Orgel (deceased), former Senior Fellow and Research Professor
Marguerite Vogt (deceased), virologist.
Leo Szilard (deceased), Nuclear physicist, invented radioactive cobalt cancer treatment.
Renato Dulbecco (deceased), Nobel laureate (for viral transformation of cells).
Melvin Cohn (deceased), co-founder, pioneer in the research of gene regulation
Elizabeth Blackburn (former president of Salk Institute), Nobel laureate (for work on telomeres and telomerase with Carol Greider and Jack Szostak).
Sydney Brenner (deceased), Nobel laureate (for work with Caenorhabditis elegans)
Roger Guillemin, co-founder, Nobel laureate (for elucidating the structures of neurohormones TRH and GnRH)
Inder Verma, cancer biologist, Editor-in-chief of PNAS journal.

Gallery

See also
 Broad Institute
 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
 Laboratory Life, a book exploring the scientific construction of fact based on fieldwork done at Roger Guillemin's lab at the Salk Institute
 San Diego Historical Landmarks in La Jolla, California
 University of California, San Diego
 Whitehead Institute

Bibliography

 Leslie, Thomas (2005). Louis I. Kahn: Building Art, Building Science. New York: George Braziller, Inc.
 Weston, Richard (2004). Key buildings of the twentieth century: plans, sections, and elevations. New York: W.W. Norton. p. 138.
 Wiseman, Carter. Louis I. Kahn: Beyond Time and Style. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007,

Notes

References

External links

Louis Kahn buildings
Medical research institutes in California
Independent research institutes
La Jolla, San Diego
Buildings and structures in San Diego
Buildings and structures completed in 1963
1963 establishments in California
Landmarks in San Diego
Brutalist architecture in California
Modernist architecture in California
Medical and health organizations based in California

Salk Institute for Biological Studies


The Paramount Arts Center is a historic theater located in Ashland, Kentucky, in the United States.  Listed as the Paramount Theatre on the National Register of Historic Places, this theater is an important part of theater in Kentucky.

History
The Paramount Arts Center, at that time known as the Paramount Theater, was one of the first transitional theatres built for "talking pictures" and was to be a model theatre for others around the country to showcase films produced by Paramount Pictures. The Great Depression, however, soon changed the course of events for the theater, as Paramount had decided to do away with the project altogether. The plans were picked up by an Ashland-based company with Paramount craftsmen providing the interior furnishings - and the building was then leased to Paramount Publix Corporation. Because of the change in plans, the original design by Rapp and Rapp was scaled back by  as large.

In 2001, Mike Myers of Ashland reported that the original general contractor was Wade Gates of Ashland. Gates's secretary, Marie Duncan, provided this information.

The Paramount first opened on September 5, 1931, and closed forty years later in 1971. In 1972, the Greater Ashland Foundation (Foundation for the Tri-State Community), was created. Under the leadership of Ashland Oil Inc. Foundation President Paul G. Blazer, Jr. (son of Ashland Oil & Refining Company founder Paul G. Blazer) one half of the corpus of the terminating Stuart M. Blazer [family] Foundation was gifted and used for the Greater Ashland Foundation's purchase of the Paramount Theatre and establishing it as a performing arts center.  It opened that same year under the new name "Paramount Arts Center". The theater has undergone several renovations since 1972, most recently in 2002 when a new stagehouse was added and new dressing rooms, rehearsal space and banquet facility were added in a nearby building that was purchased in 1998. In addition, this renovated space was connected to the main building.

The theater now operates as a non-profit organization, showing symphonies, Broadway plays, ballets and other productions. In addition, in 1992 the music video for the song "Achy Breaky Heart" by Billy Ray Cyrus was filmed here.

2006 water damage
The Paramount Arts Center suffered major water damage in November 2006. It occurred when a beauty pageant contestant hung a dress from a water sprinkler while using a steamer to remove wrinkles. Heat from the steam set off the sprinkler system. Water poured from the second floor causing close to $30,000 US dollars in damage to the building.1

Haunting
It is said that during early renovation work on the Paramount Theatre, a death occurred there and the man's ghost has since haunted the Paramount. According to the story, in the early 1940s, four construction workers from Boyd Theater Company in Cincinnati, Ohio were working on a project inside the auditorium. It is reported that all of them had gone to lunch except one man, named Joe. When the other three returned, they are said to have found Joe hanging from the curtain rigging, dead. Allegedly, since that time, sounds have been heard, things have gone missing, cold drafts have been felt, and the image of a man has been seen to appear on occasion. Despite this, most versions of the story refer to Joe as a "good ghost"—one who seems to look out for the benefit of the theatre and its occupants.

When Billy Ray Cyrus was at the Paramount filming his video for "Achy Breaky Heart," he was told about the legend of Paramount Joe. It is customary to get 8 x 10 photographs signed by each performer that appears at the Paramount and then hang the photo on the 'Wall of Fame' in the box office. Billy Ray autographed large color posters to each of the female employees working here at the time - and one with a personal inscription to Paramount Joe, whom he now had a fondness for. Each woman put her poster near her desk and Joe's was hung in the box office, near all the other performers. As time passed and the walls in the box office became too full of 8x10's signed by other performers, the executive director felt that some of the pictures and posters needed to come down. Nobody wanted to take their personally autographed picture of Billy Ray down so they took down the one he had signed to Paramount Joe. The next day, the story has it that every 8x10 and poster that had been hanging neatly on the walls the night before were now lined strewn on the floor, many of their glass frames shattered. Paramount Joe's poster still hangs in the Paramount, in part of The Marquee Room, which is now the site of Paramount Joe's Rising Star Café.

In 2004, marketing director Tyson Compton was giving a tour to some high school students. As he was relating the Paramount Joe story, he realized that he was always talking about Joe, and not to him. So as he spoke to the students, he stopped and called out, "Joe, are you here? Is it okay that I tell your story?" While he swears that he then heard a seat squeak, that is not the most chilling part of this story. Compton relates how he received a call the next day from a psychic who lived in the area. She asked him if someone in his family or a close friend had recently died because she had gotten a message from "the other side." She said, "I'm supposed to tell you that Joe said he is here."

The Paramount Players
The Paramount Players are a group of local actors that come together and audition for the various straight plays and musicals that are produced under the direction of Paramount Arts Center's Director of Education.

The Paramount Players have won several awards including Kentucky Theatre Association Outstanding Production for RENT and Cabaret, IMEA Award for Best Musical for CATS and RENT, and Best Director And Best Choreography.

References

External links
Center website

Performing arts centers in Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Boyd County, Kentucky
Ashland, Kentucky
Cinemas and movie theaters in Kentucky
Music venues in Kentucky
Movie palaces
Art Deco architecture in Kentucky
Tourist attractions in Boyd County, Kentucky
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
1931 establishments in Kentucky
Theatres completed in 1931
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Kentucky

Paramount Arts Center


The 1984 Northern Sumatra earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.2 on November 17 at 06:49 UTC. The epicentre was located off the coast of Sumatra, near the island of Nias, where building damage was reported. This earthquake could be strongly felt in parts of Northern Sumatra, including Padang and Medan. The focal mechanism corresponded to reverse faulting.

Tectonic setting
The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002. The deformation velocity in the offshore Sumatra fore-arc region is estimated to be 19 mm/yr along N45° near the equator, with compression being the dominant deformation. The 1984 earthquake occurred in the same gap as the 1935 event.

Characteristics
The earthquake was caused by a rupture of the subduction interface. The focal depth was about 27 km and the fault plane dipped at 12°. This earthquake contained mainly a down-dip convergence but also a right-lateral displacement.

See also
List of earthquakes in Indonesia

References

External links

Earthquakes in Indonesia
Earthquakes in Sumatra
Northern Sumatra Earthquake, 1984
Northern Sumatra Earthquake, 1984
November 1984 events in Asia
1984 disasters in Indonesia

1984 Northern Sumatra earthquake


Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer was a professional boxing match contested on April 22, 1994, for the WBA and IBF heavyweight championships.

Background
After defeating Riddick Bowe in a closely contested rematch to regain his WBA, IBF and Lineal Heavyweight titles, Holyfield had hoped for a unification match with the WBC Heavyweight Champion Lennox Lewis. Instead, the WBA and IBF demanded Holyfield face the mandatory challenger, undefeated southpaw Michael Moorer.

The fight
In a shocking upset, Moorer would defeat Holyfield via majority decision with judges Jerry Roth and Chuck Giampa giving Moorer the victory by the scores of 115–114 and 116–112 respectively, while Dalby Shirley scored the fight even at 114–114. In the second round, Moorer was in control of the fight until Holyfield caught him with a left hook that dropped Moorer to the canvas. Though earning a knockdown would usually result in a round win for the fighter, judge Jerry Roth scored the round even at 10–10 instead of 10–9 which would have made the fight a majority draw in which Holyfield would have kept his titles. Holyfield's manager Shelly Finkel would protest the round, but the decision was upheld.

Aftermath
Evander Holyfield was hospitalized after the fight for dehydration and a rotator-cuff injury. While at the hospital, a kidney bruise was found and he was given large amounts of liquid to help treat the injury. However, Holyfield was soon found to have a heart problem after his lungs filled due to his heart not being able to pump the fluids out. As a result, Holyfield announced his retirement only five days after the fight on April 27, 1994. Holyfield's retirement, however, would be brief as he would return the following year to defeat Ray Mercer.

After Moorer's victory there was talk of a potential Michael Moorer–Lennox Lewis fight. However, Moorer would instead chose to put his newly won titles on the line against 45-year-old ex-Heavyweight champion George Foreman. Though Moorer was ahead on the judges scorecards, Foreman was able to land a short right hand to Moorer's chin, earning the victory by way of knockout and ending Moorer's first reign as champion.

On November 11, 1997, Holyfield and Moorer would meet in a rematch. By this time, Holyfield had regained the WBA Heavyweight title by twice defeating Mike Tyson while Moorer had regained the vacant IBF Heavyweight title after defeating Axel Schulz. This time it would be Holyfield who would earn the victory, sending Moorer to the canvas five times before Mitch Halpern stopped the fight after round 8 and awarded Holyfield the victory via referee technical decision.

References

1994 in boxing
Boxing in Las Vegas
1994 in sports in Nevada
Moorer
World Boxing Association heavyweight championship matches
International Boxing Federation heavyweight championship matches
April 1994 sports events in the United States
Caesars Palace

Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer


The Cry of the Owl (Original: Le cri du hibou) is a 1987 French-Italian psychological thriller film, adapted from the 1962 novel The Cry of the Owl by Patricia Highsmith. The film was directed by Claude Chabrol and stars Christophe Malavoy, Mathilda May and Virginie Thévenet.

Divorced illustrator Robert spies on a young woman named Juliette whom he envies for her seemingly happy life. When they finally meet and Juliette leaves her fiancé Patrick for Robert, the situation quickly escalates.

Plot
Parisian illustrator Robert becomes obsessed with a young woman, Juliette. Night after night, Robert sneaks around the house to catch a glimpse of Juliette, until one day he finally gathers the courage to introduce himself. Juliette realizes that she is not happy with her fiancé, Patrick, and leaves him to be with Robert. Robert in turn is not happy with Juliette's obtrusive advances.

One night, Patrick attacks Robert in a deserted area; Robert defends himself and knocks Patrick unconscious, leaving him on the shores of a nearby river. The next day, Robert is interrogated by the police. Patrick is missing, and suddenly Robert is the prime suspect. Nobody knows that Patrick has allied with Robert's bitter ex-wife, Véronique, to take revenge on Robert; he is hiding from the police in order to make them think Robert killed him. Robert's professional and private life falls apart after becoming a police suspect. The situation escalates when Juliette commits suicide, and Patrick launches a vendetta against Robert. In a final confrontation between the men, Véronique is accidentally killed, and although Patrick is defeated, Robert is again left as a suspect in an apparent crime scene.

Cast
 Christophe Malavoy as Robert
 Mathilda May as Juliette
 Jacques Penot as Patrick
 Jean-Pierre Kalfon as Police commissioner
 Virginie Thévenet as Véronique
 Patrice Kerbrat as Marcello
 Jean-Claude Lecas as Jacques
 Agnès Denèfle as Suzie
 Victor Garrivier as Doctor
 Jacques Brunet as Father
 Charles Millot as Director
 Yvette Petit as Neighbor
 Dominique Zardi as Neighbor
 Henri Attal as Cop
 Albert Dray as Cop
 Nadine Hoffmann as Josette
 Gérard Croce as Cop
 Isabelle Charraix as Mme Tessier
 Laurent Picaudon as Boy
 Christian Bouvier as Maître d'hôtel
 Gilles Dreu as M. Tessier

Release
The film premiered on October 28, 1987 in France. It was featured at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 1987. It made its US premiere on October 16, 1991 in New York City. Although released on VHS in many countries, the American DVD is the only available digital release for the home media market at present (2011).

Reception
The Los Angeles Times called it "top-drawer Chabrol", and "a gratifying entertainment of leisurely elegance--and delicious nastiness." IndieWire said it was "classic Chabrol: slow, deliberate, gorgeously scored", and added: "there are shades of Fritz Lang here, as well as Chabrol's late-'60s efforts." TV Guide remarked that "Chabrol seems just plain too jovially bourgeois to whip himself up to the state of moral implacability that characterizes Hitchcock's utter control of the medium. But, in its own way, The Cry of the Owl is just as unforgettable."

Awards and nominations
César Awards (France)
Won: Most Promising Actress (Mathilda May)
Nominated: Best Actor – Supporting Role (Jean-Pierre Kalfon)

Other adaptations
Also in 1987, German writer-director Tom Toelle directed an adaption for German television titled Der Schrei der Eule.

A third film adaptation written and directed by Jamie Thraves and starring Julia Stiles and Paddy Considine was released in 2009.

References

External links

1987 films
1980s psychological thriller films
French neo-noir films
French psychological thriller films
Italian psychological thriller films
Films directed by Claude Chabrol
Films based on American novels
Films based on works by Patricia Highsmith
Films shot in France
Films about stalking
1980s Italian films
1980s French films

The Cry of the Owl (1987 film)


The Battle of Huế was a battle of the Vietnam War during the Tet Offensive. It happened between 31 January and 2 March 1968. Since Huế was part of an important route between Danang and the North Vietnam-South Vietnam border, Huế was an important target for communist Vietnamese soldiers to attack. The battle was one of the deadliest in the war. Even today, visitors to the city can see signs that the battle was fought in Huế. Some buildings that were damaged or destroyed were never fixed. Other buildings still have bullet holes left from the battle.

Hue
Hue
Hue
Hue
January events
February events
March events
Tet Offensive

Battle of Huế


Pete Burns (5 August 1959 – 23 October 2016) was an English singer. He started the band Dead or Alive in 1980. Their 1985 single "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was number one. He has since become known for having had a lot of cosmetic surgery. He also became known for being on Celebrity Big Brother in 2006.

Early life
Burns was born in Wirral to a German mother, Eva. He started school when he was seven.

Career
In 1979 Burns was the singer of Nightmares on Wax. In 1980 he started Dead or Alive. In April 1984 Dead or Alive released their first album Sophisticated Boom Boom. Dead or alive's second album Youthquake was released in May 1985. It reached number nine in the UK Albums Chart.

In 2004 Burns released a single with the Pet Shop Boys. In 2006 "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" was released as a single for the fourth time. It reached number five in the UK Singles Chart.

In 2011 Burns was on Celebrity Come Dine with Me.

Personal life
Burns used to have "really bad depression". In 2006 he was arrested for attacking his fiancee. In 2007 Burns married Michael Simpson. Burns died in London following a sudden cardiac arrest on 23 October 2016, at the age of 57.

References

1959 births
English singers
English television personalities
Jewish British musicians
English LGBT people
LGBT singers
Gay men
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
New wave singers
People from Wirral

Pete Burns


"Oh Honey" is the 15th episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother and the 127th episode overall. It aired on February 7, 2011. It features Katy Perry as a guest star, playing Honey, the gullible character that the episode is named after.

Plot

With Marshall living with his mother Judy for a while due to his father's recent death, he is forced to hear of the gang through phone calls while Judy eavesdrops on his conversations, and is glad to hear of an interesting story developing between Ted and Zoey. Robin explains that it began when Zoey offered to hook up Ted with her cousin (Katy Perry). Future Ted is unable to remember her name, and simply refers to her as "Honey", due to the fact she is endearingly gullible, prompting people to say "Oh, honey" to her in a chiding tone. At MacLaren's, Ted and Honey appear to be hitting it off, although Barney is also clearly enamored of her. Ted decides to let Barney leave with Honey, later confessing to Robin that he has fallen in love with Zoey. Knowing that such love is forbidden as Zoey is married to The Captain, Ted holds an intervention for himself, deciding that he should stop being friends with Zoey. The others do not want to lose Zoey as a friend, and convince Ted to get over his feelings for her.

In the present, Marshall receives a call from Barney, who tells him that something strange had happened after hooking up with Honey. The following morning, Barney ran into Zoey and revealed that Ted had not hooked up with Honey after all; hearing this, Zoey hugged Barney out of relief. Marshall's brother Marcus, who is also eavesdropping on the call, realizes that Zoey is in love with Ted as well, so Marshall calls Ted. Before he can tell him, though, Ted explains that Zoey had arrived at his apartment to hang out, and Ted finally told her that he could not hang out with her anymore, but could not say why. Lily then calls Marshall, explaining that Ted had actually said that Lily hated her. Zoey rushed over to Lily's apartment to ask why; Lily initially tried to play along, but after hearing that Zoey was going through some tough times, lied and said that the reason for them being unable to hang out was because Robin hated her. Robin lied as well and said that Marshall hated her, much to the latter's annoyance, because Robin reasoned that Zoey would never call Marshall so soon after losing his father.

At this point, Honey calls Marshall, as Barney had left his cell phone in her room. Honey reveals that Barney had broken down in tears after she asked him about his dad (by saying "Who's your Daddy?"); Barney had tried to contact him but had not received a response yet. Remembering Lily's story of Zoey going through a tough time, Marshall pretends to be Zoey's therapist and Honey reveals that Zoey is divorcing her husband as well as getting her own apartment. As Marshall explains the situation to Marcus and Judy, Zoey confronts Ted, demanding to know the real reason that he does not want to be friends. She thinks that Ted hates her, which he does not deny and rambles off all the things he likes about her, though saying them in a way to make it seem like they annoy him. Marshall separately calls Zoey and Ted, informing them of their feelings for each other and also telling Ted about Zoey's divorce, the two then embrace and kiss.

Critical response

Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club put the episode at A−, saying the story of Zoey and Ted's first kiss and the multiple phone conversations were gimmicks to keep the audience hooked. She also noted the various practical jokes that are common to people in the Midwest region.

Television Without Pity's DeAnn Welker also gave the episode an A−.

Eric Goldman of IGN gave the episode a 7.5.

The folk/indie pop band Oh Honey based their name on this episode's title.

Soundtrack
 Foo Fighters – "On the Mend"

Awards
2012 – People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star; Katy Perry ("Winner")

References

External links

How I Met Your Mother (season 6) episodes
2011 American television episodes

Oh Honey


Catarratto is a white Italian wine grape planted primarily in Sicily where it is the most widely planted grape. Catarratto can make full bodied wines with lemon notes. In the Etna DOC, the grape is often blended with Minella bianca and Carricante.

Subvarieties and phenotypes
Catarratto exists in different phenotypes characterised by different pruinosity, i.e., different amount of whitish "bloom" on the grape berries. When this bloom is largely absent, the grapes give a more glossy impression. Catarratto Bianco Comune is characterised by a high amount of bloom, while Catarratto Bianco Lucido has a limited amount of bloom, and is more glossy or 'lucid'. The distinction between the two was first described by the Ampelographic Commission of Palermo in 1883, which gave them their names. They are also registered as two different grape varieties in Italy, but DNA typing has shown them to be identical. Thus, the two phenotypes have resulted from massal selection of vines showing intravarietal variability of vines having been propagated vegetatively (by cuttings) from the same original seedling. A third variety or phenotype, Catarratto Bianco Extra Lucido, with a complete absence of bloom, was selected by B. Pastena in 1971 among Catarratto Bianco Lucido vines. This was also shown to be genetically identical with the other two, as was assumed by its origin.

Pedigree
An Italian study published in 2008 using DNA typing (the same study that showed the three Catarrattos to be identical) showed a close genetic relationship between Garganega on the one hand and Catarratto and several other grape varieties on the other hand. It is therefore possible that Garganega is one of the parents of Catarratto, however, since the parents of Garganega have not been identified, the exact nature of the relationship could not be conclusively established.

Synonyms
Catarratto is also known under the synonyms Castellaro, Cataratto Bertolaro, Cataratto Bianco Nostrale, Cataratto Carteddaro, Catarratto Bertolare, Catarratto Bertolaro, Catarratto Bianco Latino, Catarratto Bianco Nostrale
Catarratto Carteddaro.

References

White wine grape varieties

Catarratto


My 20th Century () is a 1989 Hungarian comedy-drama science fiction film written and directed by Ildikó Enyedi. It premiered at the Toronto Festival of Festivals. Enyedi won the Golden Camera award at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Hungarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The film was chosen to be part of the New Budapest Twelve, a list of Hungarian films considered the best in 2000.

Plot
In Budapest in 1880, two twin daughters, Dóra and Lili, are born. After their mother dies, the twins support themselves by selling matches in the street. When they fall asleep one night, two men take their matches and, after a coin flip, each takes a girl and they go their separate ways.

On New Year's Eve 1900, Dóra, a drifter, finds herself aboard the Orient Express trying to scam two men out of money. In Austria, Lili, now a revolutionary, boards the train where she is briefly seen by Dóra, who is drunk and instantly forgets her.

At a library, Lili encounters Z, a man who will not stop staring at her. The two become acquainted and Z falls in love with her, but Lili, who is carrying a bomb which she plans to use to kill the minister of the interior, remains focused on her politics even when her plot fails.

Later, Z encounters Dóra on a boat. Believing her to be Lili, he gives her the number of his cabin where she robs him and the two later have sex.

When Z and Lili meet again, he takes her to his apartment. Lili, who had previously sexually rejected Z, apologizes to him and tells him she regrets her previous decision. Believing that Lili is apologizing for robbing him, Z takes her to his apartment and they have sex. The following evening Lili attacks the minister with a bomb, but after looking into his eyes she blows out the bomb and runs away. Seeking refuge from a crowd of police, Lili hides in a fun house where, turning a corner, she sees Dóra. Z finds his way there as well and briefly sees them both together before the two run away from him.

Cast
 Dorota Segda - Dóra / Lili / Anya (as Dorotha Segda)
 Oleg Yankovskiy - Z
 Paulus Manker - Otto Weininger
 Péter Andorai - Thomas Edison
 Gábor Máté - K
 Gyula Kéry - ékszerész (as Kéri Gyula)
 Andrej Schwartz - Segéd
 Sándor Téri - Huszár (as Téry Sándor)
 Sándor Czvetkó - Young anarchist
 Endre Koronczi - Liftboy
 Ágnes Kovács & Eszter Kovács - Baby twins

Reception

On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100%, based on 9 reviews. In one positive review, Silent London wrote that "the cinema is just one of the 20th-century ideas that illuminate this film – from politics through to science, technology and transport. Enyedi's film has the capacity to make ideas and inventions that are now familiar seem new again, to imbue them with the sense of wonder and magic that they once held. Peter Bradshow wrote in The Guardian that "My 20th Century is a jeu d'ésprit, a whimsical erotic fantasia of central Europe, a millennial meditation on modernity, all in black-and-white and infused with the spirit of early cinema."

Darragh O'Donoghue, in film magazine Cineaste, described the film as "a true masterpiece of 'domesticated sci-fi'" and "one of the great debuts in film history, as formally daring, visually inventive, and thematically complex as Citizen Kane." "Here science is treated as a source of wonder, magic, fantasy, utopianism... Every sequence, every shot in this film is a mini-epic in itself—cinematography, composition, and sound shaped with an intensity across the entire film that is rare in the cinema."

Cinematic analysis
Toronto International Film Festival curator Dorota Lech wrote that My 20th Century was a "mischievous fairy tale of synchronicity and fin-de-siècle wonder" and established Enyedi's reputation as "an early pioneer of female science-fiction cinema and a master of labyrinthian storytelling." My 20th Century, she goes on, has "a narrative concerned with both universal concepts and material dilemmas, cutting across space and time, sprinkled with irony, symbolism, and documentary realism" and "centers on the twin origins of modernity and cinema, both born of electricity." It reminds the viewer that "our 20th century is undoubtedly one of paradoxes and we, like the dog connected to electrodes, know nothing of the universe beyond our own laboratory. ... These diverging narrative threads of male scientific triumph over nature and female biological capability are prodded and reflected in a kaleidoscope of turn-of-the-century events." The film is "a pointed critique of man's arrogance through his pursuit for truth and his assumed infallibility of science in its infantile state."

Film scholar Jonathan Owen writes that My 20th Century is "a story of the twentieth century itself and of its bold early developments - technological, political and cultural - in all their magic, promise, and danger" and calls it a "meditation on technological enlightenment that is quite literally luminous." He says that the opening sequence is "clownish yet a little ominous" and "sets the tone for a film that will pay homage to the exuberance of early cinema while musing on the mixed blessings of a machine-dominated modernity." Enyedi, Owen writes, "is as much engaged with the unrealized possibilities of the twentieth century as with the shape it actually took" and he explains that the twins are contrary visions of the twentieth century. Owen explains that the pigeon at the end of the film "conveys the lost romance of pre-technological communication" and "recalls the failure of modern technology to realize its utopian potential and achieve genuine global and social connection." Owen identifies a number of silent films that are referenced in My 20th Century, including 1921's Orphans of the Storm (which stars Lillian and Dorothy Gish, whose names are similar to Lili and Dóra's), 1926's Now You Tell One, and 1928's The Little Match Girl.

New York Times film critic Judy Stone wrote that the film is about "the dreams and possibilities that existed in the 19th century and came true in the 20th. The inventions of electric light, flight, the telephone, movies, radio, television and computer microchips are now taken for granted, but... science has also diminished our sense of the miraculous." Stone interviewed Enyedi, who stated "The people who achieved those inventions could make them because they were not afraid. They didn't believe in governments or in political ideologies, but they were still able to believe in themselves." In warning that those technologies may pose dangers to the world, Enyedi said "Our age has become overtechnical and soulless. Science has lost its moral basis. When I was planning the film, I thought about European culture -- where it is now and what will happen."

My 20th Century was featured in Mark Cousins' documentary Women Make Film in the Sci-Fi and Time episodes. In the Sci-Fi episode, narrator Thandiwe Newton states that the film is "one of the most unusual in the sci-fi genre", that it goes beyond "future or parallel worlds, places of escape or veiled versions of our own malaise", and that Enyedi "shows that sci-fi has no bounds."

See also
 List of submissions to the 62nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Hungarian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

 Review at The Film Walrus

1989 films
1980s science fiction comedy-drama films
West German films
Hungarian black-and-white films
Hungarian science fiction films
Cuban comedy-drama films
1980s Hungarian-language films
Films directed by Ildikó Enyedi
Caméra d'Or winners
1989 comedy films
1989 drama films
Hungarian comedy-drama films
Films set on trains

My 20th Century


The Institute of Business Studies & Research (IBSAR) is a business school located in the CBD Belapur district of Navi Mumbai and also at Baner Pune, India. IBSAR was established in 2005 in Mumbai and 2007 in Pune. It focuses on business programs for specific disciplines and places emphasis on training for the business world.  The executive director of the Institute is Dr. M. L. Monga. ISBAR is also ISO 9001:2000 certified for quality management systems.

IBSAR Has its own college building & hostel. IBSAR has applied for AICTE approval.

Programs
IBSAR Programme Architecture
Master of International Business
MBA in Marketing, Retail & Information System Management
MBA in Human Resource & Information System Management
MBA in Financial Services & Information System Management
MBA in Logistics & Supply Chain Management
Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA)
MA (Human Resources)
Master of Journalism (Print and Mass communication)
Bachelor of Journalism (English Print Media)
Post Graduate Program In Business Management

External links
 Institute of Business Studies & Research (Official Website)

Education in Navi Mumbai
Business schools in Mumbai
Educational institutions established in 2005
2005 establishments in Maharashtra


Georgios Katechakis (; 1881–1939) was a Hellenic Army officer and politician. He distinguished himself with his participation in the Macedonian Struggle under the nom de guerre Kapetan Rouvas (Καπετάν Ρούβας) in 1904–1905. An ardent Venizelist, he participated in the Movement of National Defence. After his retirement from the army with the rank of Major General, he entered politics, being elected into the Greek Parliament and the Greek Senate. He also served three times as Minister for Military Affairs and as Governor-General for Thrace (1922–1923) and for Crete (1928–1930).

Early life and military career

Georgios Katechakis was born in the village of Platanos, in then Ottoman-controlled Crete. His father was Antonios Katechakis, one of the main leaders of the Cretan Revolt of 1866–1869. The elder Katechakis also participated in the uprisings of 1878, 1889 and 1896 and was repeatedly elected to the Cretan Parliament until his death. Georgios Katechakis entered the Hellenic Army Academy and graduated in 1902, being commissioned into the Hellenic Army on 6 July 1902 with the rank of a Lieutenant of Infantry. He was one of the first officers to volunteer for the Macedonian Struggle against the Bulgarian-sponsored Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Under the pseudonym of "Kapetan Rouvas", he led an armed band in the regions of Grevena, Kastoria and Monastir. He returned to Greece in 1908, and was dispatched to Crete to assist in the establishment of a local national guard. By the time the Balkan Wars broke out in 1912, he had risen to the rank of captain. He participated in the wars as leader of various Cretan volunteer corps, fighting both in Macedonia and in Epirus.

In 1914, promoted to major, he was assigned as chief of staff to the 11th Infantry Division in Thessaloniki. From there he participated in the Venizelist National Defence uprising in August 1916, that led to the establishment of a parallel, pro-Entente government in northern Greece under Eleftherios Venizelos. He initially served as director of personnel in the National Defence government's Ministry of Military Affairs, and in 1917 he was assigned as chief of staff to the newly raised National Defence Army Corps, which fought in the Macedonian front. Following the end of the First World War, in 1919 he was sent to Constantinople as head of the Greek military delegation there, a post he held until he was dismissed from the army, with the rank of major general, following the electoral victory of the anti-Venizelist royalist parties in November 1920.

Katechakis was recalled to active duty in September 1922, following the Greek defeat in the Asia Minor Campaign and the Venizelist-led September 1922 Revolution. He was placed by the revolutionary government as Governor-General of Thrace (where a recommencement of hostilities with the Turks was expected should peace negotiations in Lausanne fail), remaining at the post until after the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 when he retired from military service.

Political career
In the December 1923 elections, Katechakis was elected to the National Assembly representing Heraklion Prefecture. He served as Minister for Military Affairs in the short-lived Themistoklis Sofoulis cabinet (25 July – 7 October 1924). On 10 March 1928, he was appointed to the post of Governor-General of Crete, which was raised to the rank of a cabinet minister, a post he retained until 22 December 1930 under the premierships of Alexandros Zaimis and Venizelos. In the meantime, in April 1929 Katechakis was elected to the Greek Senate. On 22 December 1930, Katechakis was appointed by Venizelos as Minister for Military Affairs, a post he held until the resignation of the Venizelos cabinet on 26 May 1932. Katechakis served for a third time as Minister for Military Affairs in the short-lived 1933 Venizelos cabinet.

Georgios Katechakis died on 22 April 1939.

References

1880s births
1939 deaths
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
Hellenic Army major generals
Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Greek military personnel of World War I
Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Greek military personnel of the Macedonian Struggle
Ministers of Military Affairs of Greece
Greek MPs 1924–1925
Members of the Greek Senate 1929–1932
Governors-General of Crete
Governors-General of Thrace
People from Heraklion (regional unit)
Military personnel from Crete

Georgios Katechakis


Jean-Philippe Toussaint (29 November 1957, Brussels) is a Belgian novelist, photographer and filmmaker. His books have been translated into more than twenty languages and he has had his photographs displayed in Brussels and Japan. Toussaint won the Prix Médicis in 2005 for his novel Fuir (Running Away), second volume of the « Cycle of Marie », a four-tome chronicle published over ten years and displaying the separation of Marie and her lover. His 2009 novel La Vérité sur Marie (The Truth about Marie), third volume of the cycle, won the Prix Décembre.

Biography

Family
Jean-Philippe Toussaint was born in Brussels, son of the Belgian journalist and writer Yvon Toussaint (1933–2013) and a bookseller mother of Lithuanian descent Monique Toussaint (née Lanskoronskis), but mostly raised in Paris where his father was the correspondent in France of the Belgian newspaper Le Soir. He's the brother of the Belgian cinema producer Anne-Dominique Toussaint.

He lives in Brussels and Corsica. His wife and mother of his two children, Madeleine Santandrea, is from Bastia.

Early life and education
Raised in flourishing cultural milieu in Brussels, then after 1970 in Paris where he attended high school, he graduated from the Institut d'études politiques de Paris (1979) and holds a master of Arts in contemporary history from the Sorbonne (1980). After his studies, he was engaged in teaching French for two years in Médéa, Algeria as an alternative to conscription; he henceforth decided to devote himself to literature, considering cinema to be technically and financially too demanding.

Literary career
Jean-Philippe Toussaint's first two plays Rideau (1981) and Les Draps de lit (1982) and his short novel Échecs (1983) have never been published. He is strongly influenced by Samuel Beckett's style and generally by the Nouveau Roman. He wrote his first novel, La Salle de bain (The Bathroom) in 1985 and submitted it to Jérôme Lindon, the influential publisher of Les Éditions de Minuit in Paris, who accepted it and became his exclusive publisher. The novel and its style were critically acclaimed and established Jean-Philippe Toussaint as a young and promising author. Subsequently, he published Monsieur (a novel that was earned a large following in Japan and Asia) and L'Appareil-photo in the late 1980s which confirmed his status as a writer and allowed him to start a parallel career as a filmmaker. He directed two movies soon after: Monsieur (1990)—distinguished by the André Cavens Award—and La Sévillane (1992).

During a writing residency in Berlin in 1997 he wrote his most ironic and "subtly comic" novel La Télévision which won the Prix Victor-Rossel in Belgium. After publishing an essay, Autoportrait (à l'étranger), based on his experiences living abroad, he then decided to embark on a series of novels (entitled « cycle of Marie Madeleine Marguerite de Montale » but formally known as « cycle of Marie », named after Marie, the main protagonist) depicting the long and uncertain breakup of two lovers—Marie and the narrator—over four seasons during the course of a year. The books were written between 2000 and 2013 and constitute his Magnum opus. The « cycle of Marie » started in 2002 with Faire l'amour (Making Love, 2004), followed by Fuir in 2005 (Running Away, 2009)—awarded by the Prix Médicis in France—, La Vérité sur Marie in 2009 (The Truth about Marie, 2011)—Prix Décembre—and finally Nue in 2013 which closes the tetralogy.

His 2006 book La Mélancolie de Zidane (2006) is a lyrical essay on the French football player Zinedine Zidane's headbutting of the Italian player Marco Materazzi during the 2006 World Cup final in Berlin. Toussaint lived in Berlin at the time and was at the game. An English translation was published in 2007 in the British journal New Formations.

Along with Jean Echenoz, Laurent Mauvignier, Marie NDiaye or Éric Chevillard, Jean-Philippe Toussaint is associated with the so-called « Style [des éditions de] Minuit ».

Works

La Salle de bain (Paris, Minuit, 1985)
The Bathroom (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2008), translated by Nancy Amphoux and Paul De Angelis.
Monsieur (Minuit, 1986)
Monsieur (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2008), translated by John Lambert.
L'Appareil-photo (Minuit, 1989)
Camera (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2008), translated by Matthew B. Smith.
La Réticence (Minuit, 1991)
Reticence (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2012), translated by John Lambert.
La Télévision (Minuit, 1997); Prix Victor-Rossel
Television (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2007), translated by Jordan Stump.
Autoportrait (à l'étranger) (Minuit, 2000)
Self-Portrait Abroad (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2010), translated by John Lambert.
La Mélancolie de Zidane (Minuit, 2006), essay
"Zidane's Melancholy" within Best European Fiction (Champaign, Dalky Archive Press, 2009), translated by Thangam Ravindranathan and Timothy Bewes
L'Urgence et la Patience (Minuit, 2012), essay
Urgency and Patience (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2013), translated by Edward Gauvin
[https://fitzcarraldo-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/c2e128388771777395ce7c67cf21a14e.pdf Football (Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2016), translated by Shaun Whiteside.]

« Cycle of Marie »
Faire l'amour (Minuit, 2002)
Making Love (New York, The New Press, 2004), translated by Linda Coverdale
Fuir (Minuit, 2005); Prix Médicis
Running Away (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2009), translated by Matthew B. Smith.
La Vérité sur Marie (Minuit, 2009); Prix Décembre
The Truth about Marie (Champaign, Dalkey Archive Press, 2011), translated by Matthew B. Smith.
Nue (Minuit, 2013)
Naked (Dalkey Archive Press, 2016), translated by Edward Gauvin.

Films
La Salle de bain (1989) by John Lvoff, Screenwriter. Starring Tom Novembre, Gunilla Karlzen.
Monsieur (1990), Director / Screenwriter. Starring Dominic Gould, Wojciech Pszoniak.
La Sévillane (1992), Director / Screenwriter. Starring Mireille Perrier, Jean-Claude Adelin, Jean Yanne.
La Patinoire (1999), Director / Screenwriter. Starring Tom Novembre, Mireille Perrier, Dolorès Chaplin, Bruce Campbell, Marie-France Pisier, Jean-Pierre Cassel.
Trois fragments de "Fuir" : Louvre/Chine/Elbe (short-films, 2011), Director. Starring Dolorès Chaplin.

Exhibitions
As a photographer, he held his first major exhibition in 2001 in Osaka, Japan then later obtained a residency in 2006 in Toulouse, France where he extended his work to installations mixing neons, films, photos and books as supports. This work became also the basis of a more ambitious exhibition which took place in 2009 in Canton, China. In 2012, as invited-artist Toussaint curated an important exhibition entitled "Livre/Louvre" at the Musée du Louvre in Paris. In addition to photographs, original short-films (entitled Trois fragments de "Fuir") and various installations, the show featured an excerpt from the original manuscript of En attendant Godot by Samuel Beckett and a copy of the eighth edition of Dante's Divina Commedia.

Distinction
Elected member (seat #9) of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique (2014)

References

External links

 Jean-Philippe Toussaint's personal web site
 Critical bibliography (Auteurs.contemporain.info)
 Essay by Warren Motte on 'Reading Jean-Philippe Toussaint

Belgian writers in French
20th-century Belgian novelists
21st-century Belgian novelists
Belgian male novelists
Belgian people of Lithuanian descent
Sciences Po alumni
Prix Médicis winners
Prix Décembre winners
Writers from Brussels
Members of the Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique
1957 births
Living people
20th-century Belgian male writers
21st-century Belgian male writers
Photographers from Brussels

Jean-Philippe Toussaint


The Medal for Humane Action is a military award of the United States Armed Forces which was created by an act (63 Stat. 477) of the United States Congress on July 20, 1949.  The medal recognizes those military service members who performed extended duty in support of the Berlin Airlift.  The medal is based on the design of the Berlin Airlift Device.

Criteria
This medal was created for the single purpose of recognizing service during a single action (the Berlin Airlift) and was never issued again.  The specific criteria for receipt of this award was established by , "Regulations governing the award of the Medal for Humane Action," of February 7, 1952. To be awarded the Medal for Humane Action a service member was required to have performed over 120 days of duty, within the geographical boundary of Berlin, with such duty being in support of the Berlin Airlift between June 26, 1948 and September 30, 1949. Posthumous award may be made to any person who lost his life while, or as a direct result of, participating in the Berlin airlift, without regard to the length of such service, if otherwise eligible.  Those so qualifying were also eligible for either the Army of Occupation Medal, or the Navy Occupation Service Medal, respectively with the Berlin Airlift Device, and both medals were authorized for simultaneous award and display.

Description
The medal was designed by Thomas Hudson Jones of the Army Heraldic Section and is made of bronze and round,  in diameter.  It depicts a Douglas C-54 Skymaster over a wheat wreath.  At the center of the wreath is the Coat of arms of Berlin.  The reverse bears the eagle, shield, and arrows from the seal of the Department of Defense and reads "For Humane Action / To Supply Necessities of Life to the People of Berlin Germany".  The medal is suspended by a ribbon primarily of teal blue with black edges separated by thin white stripes.  In the center is a red stripe with thin white stripes separating it from the teal.

References

Awards established in 1948
Berlin Blockade
1948 establishments in the United States
United States service medals

Medal for Humane Action


William Walsh (1836 – 27 October 1918) was a Prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, Bishop of Mauritius  and Dover. At the end of his life he was Archdeacon of Canterbury. While he was Bishop of Mauritius, the island experienced one of its worst cyclones; in consequence his cathedral had to be used temporarily as a hospital.

Background
Walsh's great-great-grandfather was Reverend Philip Walsh (1655–1740) who was the Prebendary of Tipperkevin, Vicar of Blessington, Rector of Ballymore Eustace, and chaplain to Primate Michael Boyle, Archbishop of Armagh.

His mother was Augusta Junietta Thwaites (1797-1873) and his father was Irish born Lieutenant William Walsh (1798-1839) of the 7th Royal Fusiliers. Walsh was born in 1836. In 1865 he married Catherine Banchory Pickering (1840-1915), daughter of Agnes Norris and General W. H. Pickering.  Catherine and William Walsh had two children: William Trevor Hayne Walsh who was an educationist, and Leslie Herbert Walsh who became a surgeon.

Career
He was educated at St Alban's Hall, Oxford (united with Merton College, Oxford in 1881) where he graduated B.A. in 1859 and M.A. in 1862. He was ordained deacon in 1860 and priest in 1861. In 1891 he was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity at Oxford.

Walsh began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Horsell from 1860 to 1863 and was curate of Upper Chelsea from 1863 to 1865.  For a period from 1865 to 1870 he was Secretary of the Church Mission Society for Kent, Surrey and Sussex.  This was followed by a three-year period as Superintendent of Missionaries and Clerical Secretary of the London Diocesan Home Mission, a role that he undertook again from 1886 to 1890. He was perpetual curate of St. Andrew's Watford from 1873 until 1878 and chaplain in Rome from 1878 to 1879.  Walsh became Vicar of St Matthew Newington from 1879 to 1886.

Mauritius

He became mission chaplain to the Bishop of London (Dr. Frederick Temple) from 1898 to 1891.  Temple also made him a Prebendary of Wedland in St Paul's Cathedral from 1889 to 1891. He was consecrated Lord Bishop of Mauritius in Westminster Abbey on 2 February 1891. Just over a year later, one of the worst cyclones ever to hit Mauritius occurred on 29 April 1892 and devastated Port Louis. The Anglican Cathedral of St James was one of the few buildings that remained standing and was used as a hospital.

Dover
Walsh returned to England from Mauritius in 1897 to take up his appointment as Canon and Archdeacon of Canterbury and Assistant Bishop to Dr. Frederick Temple, who had become Archbishop of Canterbury in the previous year.  In 1898 Walsh became Suffragan Bishop of Dover and in 1901 he was appointed chaplain to the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

Walsh published the Progress of the Church in London During the last 50 Years (1887); this was updated in 1908 and re-titled Progress of the Church in London; from the Accession of Queen Victoria to 1908.

In 1910 his ecclesiastical jubilee was celebrated in the Library of Canterbury Cathedral where Archbishop Randall Davidson praised him for his 50 years of unremitting public work.  He was presented with a triptych watercolour picture of the Cathedral by the artist, Alexander Wallace Rimington.  Walsh was himself an amateur artist and Vice-President of the East Kent Art Society.

In 1913 he officiated and led prayers at the opening ceremony of The King's Hall, Herne Bay, Kent.

On 23 April 1914 he enthroned John Watts Ditchfield as Bishop of Chelmsford, amid an atmosphere of fear that militant suffragettes might burn down Chelmsford Cathedral. In the event, that did not happen.

Memorial
Walsh died on 27 October 1918 at his home in Chillenden Chambers, in the Precincts, Canterbury; the funeral was held in the Cathedral and the interment at St Martin's Church.  Walsh's wife, Catherine, died in 1915. The Canterbury Cathedral Oblations Book of 1919–1926 records the unveiling, by the dean of the cathedral, of a memorial tablet dedicated to Walsh. This is in the north transept next to the tablet for Canon Danks D.D. It was unveiled on 5 May 1921 and bears the six Arms of Oxford University, of Merton College, of the See of Canterbury, of Christ Church Cathedral (Canterbury), of Mauritius and the Cinque Ports of which Canon Walsh was chaplain.

References

External links
 The National Archives: Walsh, William (1836–1918) Suffragan Bishop of Dover
 Archives Hub: Walsh Papers

1836 births
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Anglican bishops of Mauritius
Bishops of Dover, Kent
1918 deaths
British Mauritius people

William Walsh (bishop of Dover)


John Mark Deutch (born July 27, 1938) is an American physical chemist and civil servant. He was the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1994 to 1995 and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from May 10, 1995, until December 15, 1996. He is an emeritus Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and serves on the boards of directors of Citigroup, Cummins, Raytheon, and Schlumberger Ltd.  Deutch is also a member of the Trilateral Commission.

Background
Deutch was born in Brussels, Belgium, the son of Rachel Felicia (Fischer) and Michael Joseph Deutch. He is of Russian Jewish heritage, and became a United States citizen in 1945. He graduated from the Sidwell Friends School in Washington, D.C., and earned a bachelor's degree in history and economics from Amherst College.  In 1961, he earned a Master of Science degree in chemical engineering and, in 1966, he earned a PhD in chemistry, both from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He holds honorary degrees from Amherst College, University of Massachusetts Lowell, and Northeastern University.

From 1977 to 1980, he served in several positions for the United States Department of Energy (DOE): as director of energy research, acting assistant secretary for energy technology, and undersecretary of the department. In 1978, Deutch published two physical chemistry papers (in, Combustion and Flame, 1978, vol 231 pp. 215–221 and 223-229) on modeling the mechanism of the fuel/air mixture.  He served as the provost of MIT from 1985 to 1990. As MIT's dean of science and provost, Deutch oversaw the disbanding of  the department of applied biological sciences, including its toxicology faculty.

CIA Director tenure
In 1995, President Bill Clinton appointed him Director of Central Intelligence. As Deutch was initially reluctant to accept the appointment, the position was conferred with Cabinet rank, a prerequisite ultimately retained by successor George Tenet through the end of the Clinton administration. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Deutch continued the policy of his predecessor R. James Woolsey to declassify records pertaining to U.S. covert operations during the Cold War.

In 1996, Deutch took the unusual step of traveling to Locke High School in Los Angeles to address reports that the CIA had facilitated the introduction of crack cocaine into Los Angeles. Speaking to a hostile crowd, Deutch denied any connection between the CIA and cocaine traffic in Los Angeles and vowed to open an investigation. The meeting was prompted by allegations published by journalist Gary Webb that connected the CIA to the California cocaine trade and trafficker Danilo Blandón.

Deutch fell out of favor with the Clinton administration because of public testimony he gave to Congress on Iraq. Specifically Deutch testified that Saddam Hussein was stronger than he had been four years earlier, and the CIA might never be able to remedy the issue. After he won reelection, Clinton replaced Deutch.

Deutch left the CIA on December 15, 1996, and soon after it was revealed that several of his laptop computers contained classified information wrongfully labeled as unclassified. In January 1997, the CIA began a formal security investigation of the matter. Senior management at CIA declined to pursue fully the security breach. Over two years after his departure, the matter was referred to the Department of Justice, where Attorney General Janet Reno declined prosecution. She did, however, recommend an investigation to determine whether Deutch should retain his security clearance. Deutch had agreed to plead guilty to a misdemeanor for mishandling government secrets on January 19, 2001, but President Clinton pardoned him in his last day in office, two days before the Justice Department could file the case against him.

In 1995, when Deutch became head of the CIA, The New York Times quoted long-time critical scholar and social activist Noam Chomsky as saying, "He has more honesty and integrity than anyone I've ever met in academic life, or any other life... If somebody's got to be running the C.I.A., I'm glad it's him."

Accomplishments

Deutch was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2007. He has been a member of the National Petroleum Council since 2008 and the Secretary of DOE Energy Advisory Board, since 2010. In 1988 Deutch was elected as a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.

Personal life
In June 2003, his son Philip Joseph Deutch (from his first marriage) then a managing director and venture capitalist at Perseus LLC, married Marne Levine, now the COO of Instagram.

See also

 List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

Sources

External links
 Deutch's MIT Biography
 War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Reagan's Shield: An Interview with John Deutch, WGBH December 1987
 "Nora Slatkin's Mission Impossible: The CIA," BusinessWeek Feb. 26, 1996 — About the executive director hired by Deutch to improve diversity at the CIA.

|-

1938 births
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American physical chemists
Amherst College alumni
Belgian emigrants to the United States
Clinton administration cabinet members
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Jewish American government officials
Harvard Kennedy School people
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology provosts
MIT School of Engineering alumni
People from Belmont, Massachusetts
Recipients of American presidential pardons
United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense

John M. Deutch


Shilin Destrict () is a destrict o Taipei. The name "Shilin" wis derivit frae Pattsiran, the Ketagalan wird for "hot springs". It wis then transliteratit intae Cheenese as "八芝蘭" Bāzhīlán, an feenally re-analysit as "scholars as mony as the trees in the firths" (士多如林).

History
Shilin is foremost a residential destrict an haes several famous neebourheids, such as Waishuangxi (外雙溪) an Tianmu. Kuomintang leader Chiang Kai-Shek livit in Shilin efter muivin the Cheenese Naitionalist govrenment tae Taiwan efter the Cheenese Ceevil War. The destrict is dividit up intae 51 veelages (里), which are further dividit up intae 987 neebourheids (鄰).

The destrict can be said tae be the oreegin o cultur in Taipei. Durin the Qing Dynasty, maony private, public an commonty schuils wur opened in the aurie. Durin Japanese rule, a naitional learnin centre wis set up at Zhishanyan.

Owerview
Shilin is hame tae a lairge foreign population, mainly concentratit in the Tianmu aurie. It haes lang been a top choice for expatriates frae Europe, the Unitit States, an Japan tae live, run businesses, an establish embassies an offices due mainly tae the natural environs—sittin at the feet o Taipei's Mt. Yang Ming—an acause the internaitional schuils are aw locatit here.
The central command o the Republic o Cheenae Navy is locatit in Shilin.

Eddication

Shilin haes three varsities: Ming Chuan Varsity, Soochow Varsity, an the Cheenese Cultur Varsity. Several internaitional schuils, includin the Taipei American Schuil, Taipei Japanese Schuil, an Taipei European Schuil are locatit in this destrict. The destrict is hame tae twae vocational colleges an aw, fower senior heich schuils, aicht junior heich schuils, an twinty elementar schuils.

The Naitional Taiwan Science Eddication Centre is locatit in this destrict an aw, alang wi the Taipei Astronomical Museum, the Shung Ye Museum o Formosan Aborigines, an the warld-renouned Naitional Palace Museum.

Tourism

Tourist attractions include the Yangmingshan Naitional Pairk, Naitional Palace Museum, Taipei Astronomical Museum, National Science Taiwan Eddication Centre, Hwa Kang Museum, Chiang Kai-shek's Shilin Offeecial Residence an Shilin Nicht Mercat. The Tatun Volcano Group is locatit northeast o the destrict.

The destrict is hame tae mony naitional historical steids, includin historical temples, markets, an biggins. It is the location o the Tianmu Baseball Stadium an aw, Shilin Fitness Centre an Cheenese Cultur an Movie Centre. The Shuangxi Pairk an Cheenese Garden is locatit in Shilin an aw.

Shoppin

The twa main commercial auries in the destrict are the Tien-mu Commercial Circle an the Shilin Nicht Mercat. The Tien-mu Commercial Circle wis hame tae mony heich-rankin offeecials efter the Cheenese Ceevil War an developit intae a heich-class residential destrict.

Shilin Nicht Mercat is aiblins the lairgest an maist well-kent nicht mercat in Taiwan; it is accessible frae the Taipei Metro Jiantan Station.

Transportation
In addeetion tae mony bus lines, the destrict is servit bi the Taipei Metro Tamsui Line. It is servit bi Provincial Heich-gate No. 2 an mony ither main roads throu the ceety.

Sister ceeties
 Los Altos, Californie, USA
 Walnut, Californie, USA

References

Freemit airtins
 Shilin District Office, Taipei City

Destricts o Taipei

Shilin Destrict


Blood and the Moon is a poem by Irish poet William Butler Yeats written in 1928 and published in the collection The Winding Stair in 1929 before being reprinted in The Winding Stair and Other Poems in 1933. Yeats composed the poem in response to the 1927 assassination of Kevin O'Higgins, the Vice-President of the Free State, whom Yeats had known personally. The poem contains many themes common in Yeats's poems from the 1920s including the "tower", a reference to Thoor Ballylee, which had been the title of a collection of works printed the year before "Blood and the Moon" was published, as well as the "gyre" which had been a major focus of his 1920 poem "The Second Coming".

Background
The murder of Kevin O'Higgins acted as a catalyst for Yeats's creation of the poem. As Vice President and Minister of Home Affairs in the Cosgrave Government, O'Higgins had enforced the Army Emergency Powers Act and condemned seventy-seven Republican "irregulars", including author Erskine Childers and many men with whom O'Higgins had been allies during the Irish War of Independence. O'Higgins was assassinated by a Republican gunman on 10 July 1927. When Yeats heard the news that O'Higgins had been murdered, he refused to eat and spent his evening walking along the streets until the sun set.

Thoor Ballylee, Yeats's poetic model for the poem's tower, was a 16th-Century Norman castle in the Barony of Kiltartan, Ireland. The building was originally called "Islandmore Castle" and "Ballylee Castle", yet Yeats changed the name when he purchased the building in 1917 for £35. Yeats believed that the word "castle" was too magnificent and used the word "Thoor" instead as it was an anglicisation of the Irish for "tower", 'túr'. Yeats credits the landmark as being the inspiration for the poem's setting. At the top of the tower was a waste room, which inspired the image of the empty room discussed in lines 8-12:
In mockery I have set
A powerful emblem up,
And sing it rhyme upon rhyme
In mockery of a time
Half dead at the top.
At the time that Yeats purchased the tower, it had seventy-three stairs that are described in lines 16-18 of the poem:
I declare this tower is my symbol; I declare
This winding, gyring, spiring treadmill of a stair is my ancestral stair;
That Goldsmith and the Dean, Berkeley and Burke have travelled there.
The castle consisted of four stories. On the first floor was the dining room, and the living room was found on the second. The third story contained the bedroom, and the top story contained the "Strangers' room" which and a secret room. It was also on this story that the tower's large windows opened up over the millstream below. The windows are mentioned in the poem on lines 43-46:
Upon the dusty, glittering windows cling,
And seem to cling upon the moonlit skies,
Tortoiseshell butterflies, peacock butterflies,
A couple of night-moths are on the wing.

Structure
The poem is arranged in four stanzas that lack symmetry and vary in size and structure. The first stanza contains three quatrains with a rhyme scheme of ABBA, which contain no breaks between the lines. The second stanza contains 18 lines of text with six long-lined tercets using a rhyme scheme of AAA, which causes it to appear very different on the page from the stanzas that precede and follow it. The third stanza is a douzain, a square block of twelve lines of verse composed of pentameter quatrains with a rhyme scheme of ABBA. The fourth and final stanza repeats the structure of the one that precedes it.

Yeats explained the structure by suggesting that the poem is arranged on the page to visually represent the images described in the text. The first stanza represents the tower introduced in line 2. He claims to have composed these lines so that they would look long and slender on the page to achieve the outline of the tower's structure. The second stanza represents the "winding, gyring, spiring treadmill of a stair" mentioned in line 17, which would account for the fact that the stanza lacks symmetry among its lines, which appear to extend to various lengths across the page in a way not seen in the other stanzas. Stanzas three and four, identical in form and appearance on the page, represent two ways of looking at the tower windows. Stanza three represents the windows "glittering" from the light of the moon passing through the glass, and stanza four represents the "dusty" inside surface upon which the trapped butterflies cling.

Themes
According to literary critic Northrop Frye, "Blood and the Moon" attempts to portray the achievements of a civilization using allegory, describing the top of the tower that society builds as being an area of death and decay. In the poem, the butterflies that reach the top of the tower are unable to escape through the window and are littered around the room. The second stanza is devoted to describing other methods that poets had used to try to explain the attempt of artists to build their own towers to elevate civilization through poetry only to find, Jonathan Swift in particular, themselves dragged "down into mankind".

The contrasting elements of the blood described in line 3 and the "purity" of the unclouded moon in line 30 represents a major theme of the work. The moon's surface appears unchanging and contrasts with the earth that has been stained with the blood of men as the result of "arrogant power". As the poem speaks of the pristine nature of the moon's surface in the third stanza Helen Vendler suggests that it broadens the contrast between the two surfaces to highlight the difference between "the mortal and the incorruptible". However, she also states that the poem's theme of life and death shifts focus in the final stanza as the poet discusses the trapped butterflies, which "brings into view the pathos of life, rather than its violence".

Critical response
In his book Yeats, critic Harold Bloom describes the poem as being splendid, though theatrical, suggesting that the second stanza is the only part of the poem that fails to achieve its objective, calling it a "pseudo-Swiftian rant". Vendler also comments on the stanza, suggesting that the fact that it is the only one to have breaks between the lines as well as the incongruity of its form in relation to the others. Bloom, however, uses the problem with the second stanza to show that the poem has flaws that do not exist in other works Yeats wrote in the same period, suggesting that while the poem is "honest", the "strength is not there".

Notes

References
Bloom, Harold. Yeats. Oxford University Press, 1972 .
Bornstein, George. "Yeats and Romanticism". The Cambridge Companion to W. B. Yeats. Ed Majorie Howes, John Kelly.Cambridge University Press, 2006 .
Bushrui, Suheil B. and Tim Prentki. An International Companion to the Poetry of W.B. Yeats Rowman & Littlefield, 1990 .
Finneran, Richard J. and George Mills Harper. "Notes". The Collected Works of W.B. Yeats, Volume X: Later Articles and Reviews: Uncollected Articles, Reviews, and Radio Broadcasts Written After 1900. Scribner, 2000 .
Frye, Northrop. "The Top of the Tower: A Study of the Imagery of Yeats".Stubborn Structure. Methuen Young Books 1970
Jeffares, Norman. W.B. Yeats: Man and Poet. Macmillan, 1996 .
Vendler, Helen.Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and the Lyric Form. Harvard University Press, 2007 .

1928 poems
Irish poems
Poetry by W. B. Yeats

Blood and the Moon


Vilardida is a village in the Alt Camp, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Its latitude is 41.2833/41º16'60 N and its longitude is 1.36667/01º22'0 E. The population in 2003 is indicated by Municat as three and also as 27 people. This confusion is probably because the village falls under the jurisdiction of two municipalities: Vila-rodona and Montferri. The probable population today is about 10 people and the village covers an area of about 10,000m2. The elevation is 285 m above sea level. It is situated at the "T" junction to Montferri on the main road C51 between El Vendrell and Valls and at 2.5 km from exit 11 of the motorway AP2 from Barcelona to Lleida.

The name (which translated means "burnt village") was first cited in 1009 as Villa Ardidam because of the fires lit by the Bishops from Barcelona at that time.

The small church, Saint Mary of Vilardida, was built in the 18th century, although many of the village's buildings date back to the 15th century.

The village lies in wine growing area on the edge of a small fertile flood plain, 400m from the River Gaià. This river flows all year round down into a large reservoir in the three municipalities: Renau, Vilabella and El Catllar and then out into the Mediterranean Sea at Altafulla, near Tamarit castle.

The outskirts of the village was the scene of the murder of 17 people on August 25, 1936.

References

External links
 "Los Siervos de Dios"
 aerial photo of the village and nearby area

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in the Province of Tarragona
Populated places in the Province of Tarragona

Vilardida


Hardcore Gaming 101 is an online video game magazine founded by Kurt Kalata. Kalata established the site after graduating college, when he noticed the overabundance of game strategy guides, and felt that someone should create more books about gaming history. In its formative years, Hardcore Gaming 101 focused especially on games from Japan. The site has become known for its in-depth coverage of classic games and the history behind them.

Kalata describes his motivations for founding the site, "gaming history is important to me because it's important to analyze how everything is connected to each other. ... New products are always influenced by things that came before it, so it's interesting to trace where certain elements may have come from and to recognize the talents of the trailblazers."

Books
Over the years, Hardcore Gaming 101 has also produced a number of books on specific gaming topics. In 2013, they published Sega Arcade Classics Volume 1, focused on Sega's contributions to arcade gaming. They later published The Best 200 Video Games of All Time, which examines titles that their editorial team felt were important to the history of games. In 2016, they produced a book called Taito Arcade Classics about the history of Taito, arcade games, and the gaming industry in japan. This followed with the publication of The Unofficial Guide To Konami Shooters, covering a history of shooter games produced by Konami, as well as Data East Arcade Classics about titles from Data East. By 2017, Hardcore Gaming 101 also published The Guide to Shoot Em Ups: Volume 1, which covers classic shoot 'em up titles that were not already covered in their books about Taito or Konami.

Recognition
Nintendo Life contributor Damien McFarren has called the site "a goldmine for retro gamers, with its staff tirelessly uncovering gems from the past that everyone else has all but forgotten about." The Escapist took note of the site's "exhaustively researched spotlights on games old and new alike", calling Hardcore Gaming 101 "a website that should double as the go-to history text for everyone working in the gaming industry." Destructoid similarly said that "the site excels at unearthing gaming trivia unknown to all but the most insanely dedicated Wikipedia moderators," calling the publication a "gem."

References

External links

Online magazines
Video game websites

Hardcore Gaming 101


Roland Post Falkner (April 14, 1866 – November 27, 1940) was an American economist and statistician.

Biography
Robert P. Falkner was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut on April 14, 1866.

He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania (Wharton School of Finance and Economy) in 1885; studied economics at Berlin, Leipzig and Halle-on-Saale, Germany; studied at the Collège de France; was instructor in accounting and statistics in the University of Pennsylvania in 1888–91, and professor of statistics 1891–1900.

He served also as statistician of the United States Senate Committee of Finance in 1891; as secretary of the United States delegation to the International Monetary Conference; and as secretary of the conference in 1892. He left the University of Pennsylvania in 1900 for the Library of Congress, where he was chief of the division of documents. From 1904 to 1907 he served as commissioner of education in Puerto Rico; from 1908 to 1911 he was statistician in charge of school inquiries for the United States Immigration Commission, and in 1911-12 was assistant director of the census. From 1915 until 1926 he was associated with the Alexander Hamilton Institute, and from 1926 onward with the National Industrial Conference Board.

In 1894 he was elected to the International Institute of Statistics. In 1920 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

He died at Memorial Hospital in New York on November 27, 1940.

Works

He is author of numerous essays on criminology, sociology, etc. to economic, statistical and other journals; and was editor of Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1890–1900. He did a notable study of prices and wages in the United States for the United States Senate. It was published as "Retail Prices and Wages" (1892) and "Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation" (1893). He published a translation of August Meitzen's History, Theory, and Technique of Statistics (1893).

References

1866 births
1940 deaths
Economists from Connecticut
American statisticians
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association

Roland P. Falkner


FieldTrip is a MATLAB software toolbox for magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. It is developed at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour at the Radboud University Nijmegen, together with collaborating institutes. The development of FieldTrip is supported by funding from the BrainGain,  Human Connectome and ChildBrain projects. The FieldTrip software is released as open source under the GNU General Public License.

The toolbox includes algorithms for simple and advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data, such as time-frequency analysis, source reconstruction using dipoles, distributed sources, beamformers, and non-parametric statistical testing. It supports the data formats of major MEG systems (CTF, Neuromag, BTi) and most popular EEG systems, as well as of spike and fNIRS data by external collaborators. FieldTrip contains high-level functions that can be used to construct an analysis protocol in MATLAB. Though it contains some graphical user interface elements (mostly concerned with results visualization), it is mainly targeted towards batch-scripting of the formerly mentioned analysis protocols.

See also
 EEGLAB
 SPM

References

External links

Magnetoencephalography
Electroencephalography

FieldTrip