Renee Perry is a fictional character created by television producer and screenwriter Marc Cherry for the ABC television series Desperate Housewives. She is portrayed by Vanessa Williams, and is the second African-American housewife to be a major character.

Development and casting
The addition of Vanessa Williams to the cast was announced after the close of the series' sixth season, as well as the finale of the ABC series Ugly Betty, in which Williams starred as Wilhelmina Slater. The character, who was originally named Renee Filmore-Jones, was conceived as a trouble-making vixen, similar to the Edie Britt character (Nicollette Sheridan), who appeared on the series until the fifth season. Following the casting announcement, Williams admitted to having been a fan of the series during its first year, but stopped watching because of the racially insensitive second season mystery storyline. It focused on Betty Applewhite (Alfre Woodard), the series' first black main character. Williams explained to Entertainment Weekly, "[Betty] had her son in chains in the basement. It was like, 'Really? Do we have to go there with our first Black character?' I honestly fell off the show after that. I think it was just so implausible and just an image that Black folks don't want to see their child chained and shackled in the basement." Cast member Felicity Huffman commented on Williams' addition to the cast, saying "She's such a great dash of vinegar to Wisteria Lane! It's going brilliantly—she's a wonderful woman, she's really smart, she's really strong, a real team player. She's a great addition."

Personality
When Renee is introduced, she is portrayed as a spoiled rich woman, appearing vain and insensitive. Renee ruffles the other women's feathers with her passive-aggressive behaviour initially but eventually becomes friends with her neighbours.

Renee is Lynette Scavo's old college friend and sorority sister, and when she arrived in Fairview, she and Lynette become close friends again. It is later revealed that Renee slept with Tom Scavo 20 years ago but Lynette forgives Renee and their friendship remains strong.

Storylines

Backstory
Renee was born in 1962. Since childhood, she has had fear of dwarfs because of an unspecified incident. She also has a sister. Their mother tried to commit  suicide twice. Renee saved her once when her mother overdosed on pills, but in her second (successful) attempt Renee's mother used a gun. She left her a note which said "I am sorry". Since that time, Renee and her sister stayed with poor relatives, seeking help in charity organizations, which Renee hated. Around 1990 year she met Lynette Lindquist at Northwestern University and they became best friends. In 1997 Renee and Tom Scavo had a one-night-stand, during the short time when he broke off his engagement with Lynette. In 2005 Renee married Doug Perry. She had dreams about having a daughter, but unfortunately that never happened. While married, she met Donald Trump and frequently brought Lynette to New York City every year to have fun

Season 7
Renee Perry arrives in Fairview to visit Lynette and her family. Renee speaks of her exciting life as the rich wife of professional baseball player Doug Perry (Reggie Austin). She and Lynette banter but it soon turns hurtful with Renee insulting her in front of the other women, telling Lynette she has not succeeded in life and has let herself be tied down to a suburban life. Lynette decides to throw Renee out, but Renee then confesses to Lynette that Doug is divorcing her. Feeling bad, Lynette tells Renee she can stay. Lynette assumes Renee will eventually go back to New York, but instead, she rents Edie's old house. Tom and Renee share a secret that Tom insists Lynette can never know about.

Renee and Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross) go out clubbing and Renee ends up going home with Bree's handyman Keith Watson (Brian Austin Green). Bree, feeling jealous, calls Keith and tells him she needs him to fix her sprinklers. Renee is furious that Bree stole Keith out of her bed and tells her she will enjoy taking her down. Renee learns Bree is a grandmother and uses the fact to her advantage, trying to sabotage Bree's relationship with Keith. Bree gets back at Renee by ruining her date with Keith. Renee realizes that Bree likes Keith more and the two women make peace.

Renee has Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria) over for drinks to celebrate her $8 million divorce settlement. Gaby reveals that she has had a nose job and Renee reveals that she slept with her husband's divorce attorney to get the settlement. Renee then tells the women about Gaby's nose job. Doug  then pays Renee a visit and tells her he wants her back. Gaby, furious at Renee for mocking her about her nose-job, tells Doug that Renee slept with his lawyer. Renee and Gaby get into a cat fight in the middle of a cabaret show and Renee ends up punching Gaby in the face. Doug calls Renee the next day and tells her they are even now and that he still wants her back. Renee decides not to get back together with Doug. Later in the season, Renee finds out that Doug is getting married again.

Susan Delfino (Teri Hatcher) overhears Renee crying and feeling sorry for her invites her to dinner. As Renee can't stand Susan she is not excited to go but since she has nothing better to do, the two go out for her birthday. During dinner, Renee reveals that she is still in love with a guy that she had an affair with 20 years ago. Later that night, when Renee is drunk and about to fall asleep, she tells Susan that Tom Scavo is the guy. Susan tells Tom that she knows about the affair and suggest that Tom ask Renee to move off the Lane or she will tell Lynette. Renee is furious when she finds out and tells Susan that it's none of her business and that she's not moving. Renee eventually tells Lynette about the affair. Apparently, Tom and Lynette had briefly broken up during this time. Lynette feels betrayed by both of them but eventually decides to forgive them.

Renee is next furious that Bob Hunter and Lee McDermott (respectively Tuc Watkins and Kevin Rahm) did not hire her as their new interior designer after they announced plans to renovate a room for their adoptive daughter. They decide to give Renee a chance even though she is not maternal and end up being amazed at Renee's design. Renee reveals that she once thought about having children of her own. Renee then decides she wants to adopt a baby, but Lynette plots to stop her. While babysitting Paige Scavo, Renee goes on a date and pays the waitress to take care of the baby. Lynette figures it out and points out that Renee is obviously not ready to be a mother.

When Beth Young (Emily Bergl) shoots herself, Renee insists on going through with a party despite everyone saying it's in poor taste. Gaby attends the party, which is basically just people who work in the neighborhood, and chastises Renee for this. Renee fires back at how selfish Beth was for taking her life and Gaby realizes that Renee's mother killed herself. Renee explains that she holds the party every year on the same day to show that she chooses life.

Season 8
When a new neighbor, Ben Faulkner (Charles Mesure) moves into town, Renee sets her sights on him. She goes over to his place and offers him sex, confident that he will accept. To her surprise, Ben turns her down flat. After discovering he has a soft spot for the elderly, Renee enlists the aid of Karen McCluskey (Kathryn Joosten), making it appear that Renee is a good friend of hers which Ben witnesses. However, when Ben brings Renee to a senior center, an elderly woman reveals to Renee that Ben is onto her game causing her to flee in frustration. As Ben chases after her, she confesses how she despises charity, and that after her mother's suicide Renee was bounced around from various relatives and had to depend on charity. Ben reveals he too hates charity but does it out of a similar experience, bringing them closer together.

Weeks later Ben comes over to ask out Renee on a proper date. After she makes him beg on his hands and knees, she accepts. That night, Renee takes a few swigs from a bottle of love potion and just when things are heating up on the couch, her throat starts to close up. The severe rash on her face then scares away young trick-or-treaters, and finally Ben takes her to the hospital. Ben comes in to visit. Renee confesses she wanted everything to be special for her and Ben's first night together. When Renee sees Ben hugging Bree outside her house, she assumes Ben is having an affair with her. Renee decides to surprise him one night but he isn't home. She sees Bree leaving her house and drive away so she follows her to a motel. Thinking Bree was there with Ben, she bursts in and starts accusing Bree of trying to steal Ben from her. She then notices Bree's gun and she realized Bree was there alone and about to commit suicide. Later, Renee tells Bree about her mother's suicide and how it affected her.

When Ben finds himself in financial troubles, he asks Renee to marry him, knowing she's rich. Renee accepts but Ben has second thoughts and tells her he needs her for her money. Renee is hurt and breaks it off with him. Mike Delfino (James Denton) tells Renee that Ben borrowed money from a loan shark, but cannot pay him back. Renee goes to see Ben to offer her help, but he does not want it. She ends up paying off the loan shark anyway hoping that would be the end of Ben's problems. Ben is not too happy to learn that Renee paid him off but she tells Ben she does what she wants. The loan shark harasses Renee, trying to extort more money out of her. She tells him she will not be intimidated by him. Mike gets into a fight with the loan shark, and a few days later, the loan shark shoots and kills him. Just as Ben is about to propose to Renee, the police pay him a visit. They ask Ben about a dead body found at his construction site. Frustrated with the police being there, Renee accepts Ben's proposal without Ben really asking her.

After finding a subpoena in Ben's belongings, Renee realizes he is hiding something and that it has something to do with the body. Ben refuses to tell her the truth and claims it is for her own protection. The truth was that Ben had helped Bree bury the body of Gaby's stepfather. At Bree's murder trial, Ben refuses to testify so he is arrested, forcing Renee to testify against Bree. After Bree is exonerated, Renee apologizes for her damaging testimony and Bree forgives her. In the series finale, Renee gets ready to marry Ben. In the limo, Julie Mayer's (Andrea Bowen) water breaks and ruins Renee's wedding dress. Renee is furious and refuses to let the driver take Julie to the hospital. Renee has the driver stop by a shop where she and Gaby steal a new wedding dress. When they get back from the store, the limo is gone so Renee is forced to walk to her own wedding, in the wedding dress. In the end, Renee and Ben get married. Unlike the other housewives, her fate is left unknown.

Reception

Williams's portrayal of Renee Perry received mostly positive reviews among critics and fans. Following the eventual cancellation of Williams's previous show Ugly Betty where she starred as villain Wilhelmina Slater, it was immediately announced that Williams will be joining Desperate Housewives in its seventh season, many fans of the show anticipated her appearance shortly afterwards.

When the character finally made her debut appearance in the seventh season premiere "Remember Paul?", her performance received mixed reviews from critics. Tanner Stransky of Entertainment Weekly praised Williams' performance, stating that she brought back a "brand of bitchery" that had been missing from the series since Nicollette Sheridan's departure; additionally, he favorably compared the performance to Williams's portrayal of Wilhelmina Slater on Ugly Betty. Neal Justin of the Star Tribune commented that Vanessa Williams gave "a repeat performance" of her character on Ugly Betty. Isabelle Carreau of TV Squad praised Williams' performance, writing: "The banter between Lynette and Renee was priceless!" Damian Holbrook of TV Guide also drew a comparison between Williams' performances in the episode and on Ugly Betty, stating the two characters "have the same stiletto-sharp tongue and prickly chemistry with everyone who enters her orbit." John Griffiths of Us Weekly gave the character a negative review, commenting that Williams delivered an underwhelming performance.

When her character finally revealed her secret about having slept with Tom Scavo 20 years ago, critics praised the drama that surrounded her secret.

References

Vanessa Williams
Desperate Housewives characters
Fictional socialites
Fictional African-American people
Television characters introduced in 2010
Fictional characters from New York City
Fictional housewives

it:Personaggi di Desperate Housewives#Renee Perry

Renee Perry


Afritada is a Philippine dish consisting of chicken, beef, or pork braised in tomato sauce with carrots, potatoes, and red and green bell peppers. It is served on white rice and is a common everyday Filipino meal. It can also be used to cook seafood.

Etymology
The name afritada is derived from Spanish fritada  ("fried"), referring to the first step of the preparation in which the meat is pan-fried before simmering in the tomato sauce.

Description
Afritada is a braised dish. It is first made by sautéing garlic and onion and then adding the diced meat to fry until tender. After the meat is sufficiently browned, water and tomato paste are poured into the pan, along with diced carrots, potatoes and sliced red and green bell peppers. Sliced tomatoes, peas, chickpeas, or beans can also be added. It can be spiced to taste with salt, black pepper, bay leaves, and fish sauce. The mixture is simmered until the vegetables are cooked. It is served on white rice.

Variants
Afritada has different names based on the main ingredients of the dish. The most common ones are afritadang manok (chicken afritada), afritadang baka (beef afritada), and afritadang baboy (pork afritada). Afritada can also be used to cook seafood, like fish (afritadang isda) or mussels (afritadang tahong), utilizing the same basic process as meat afritadas.

Afritada is also commonly cooked hamonado-style (with pineapple chunks). This sweet variant is usually known as "pineapple afritada". It is commonly confused with pininyahang manok, braised chicken also made with pineapples. However, the latter does not use tomato sauce.

Similar dishes
Similarly, Filipino menudo and kaldereta both also use tomato sauce or banana ketchup. However, menudo includes sliced liver, while kaldereta exclusively uses goat meat. Igado contains liver but no tomato sauce.

See also
 Chicken Marengo
 Ginataan
 Adobo
 Kare-kare
 Pinakbet
 Sinigang
 Sarsiado
 Tinola

References

Filipino cuisine
Meat dishes
Tomato dishes
Stews
Meat and potatoes dishes
Seafood dishes
Pineapple dishes

Afritada


Niall Matter ( ; born October 20, 1980) is a Canadian-American actor.

Following recovery from a serious accident sustained while working on an oil rig, Matter chose to pursue a full-time acting career. He received his first significant break in 2007, with a main role in teen drama The Best Years. Later in the same year, he joined the cast of Eureka as bad-boy genius Zane Donovan. In 2009 he had a small supporting role in Zack Snyder's film Watchmen. He went on to star as Evan Cross in the short-lived 2012 series Primeval: New World. His career subsequently moved away from science fiction, seeing him star in several television movies, as well as joining Canadian series such as Remedy, Arctic Air and When Calls the Heart.

Early life
Born in Edmonton, Alberta, of Irish and Russian descent, Matter grew up on his parents' dairy farm. He is a third-generation oil rigger, having worked on the oil rigs in Northern Alberta for eight years. On the recommendation of a school teacher, he enrolled in drama classes at age thirteen, going on to win the Best Actor prize at a provincial drama championship in 1999. However, after getting himself in trouble at age 17, his parents sent him for a three-month stint on the oil rigs to work with his grandfather. He has acknowledged that it was this experience that helped him to focus on his studies and pass his high school exams. He continued to work on the oil rigs alongside his grandfather and brother Trevor until the age of 25, while simultaneously moving to Vancouver and attending Vancouver Film School in pursuit of his long-term goal of an acting career.

At the age of 25 Matter had a serious accident while working on the oil rigs, where he was nearly crushed inside the cab of a 17-ton drilling rig. His quad muscle had been detached from his femur, and he nearly lost his right leg. It took six months for him to be fully rehabilitated, having to go through extensive physiotherapy to fully regain his ability to walk. On returning to the oil rigs, he witnessed another accident in which a man lost both his legs. This convinced him that it was time to move on, so he quit, returning to Vancouver, where he lied his way into a bartending job before landing his first acting role.

Career
Matter landed his first professional acting job in 2007 playing the lead role of bait shop owner Josh Riley in the Syfy original film Loch Ness Terror, (broadcast as Beyond Loch Ness), which also starred Brian Krause and Don S. Davis. While filming Loch Ness he sent an audition tape to the producers of The Best Years which led to him gaining the main cast role of bartender, and cocaine addict, Trent Hamilton in the series's first season. He went on to play the role of USAF airman Lieutenant Kemp in a two-episode guest spot on the Syfy television series Stargate Atlantis.

He subsequently auditioned for the Syfy series Eureka, for what he understood was a one-episode guest star role. By his own admission, he took risks in the audition, playing the character as more flirtatious than he was written. The risks paid off, and he was cast in the role of bad boy genius Zane Donovan, first appearing in the season two episode "E=MC...?". The character would go on to develop a romantic relationship with the town's Deputy Sheriff Jo Lupo played by Erica Cerra. His role was recurring throughout seasons two and three.  Season four saw a soft reboot of the show - following a time-traveling incident, the characters return to an alternate timeline, with character dynamics and relationships shifting. This led to Matter's role as Zane being expanded as he became part of the main cast, which continued through to the show's fifth and final season.

During this time, he also had guest roles on Warehouse 13, portraying one half of a married couple alongside Eureka castmate Cerra and on NBC's Fear Itself, playing a lovelorn zombie. In 2009/2010, Matter appeared as a recurring guest star on The CW shows Melrose Place (as record producer Rick) and 90210 as Greg, a teacher and subsequent love interest to Erin Silver.

In 2009, Matter played a small role in Zack Snyder's Watchmen film, portraying one of the Minute Men, Byron Lewis/Mothman. He also appeared in the short film accompanying the 'ultimate cut' DVD release of the film entitled Under the Hood, a faux documentary on the Minute Men.

From 2012 to 2013, Matter played the lead character of Evan Cross, a millionaire inventor searching for anomalies following the brutal killing of his wife by an Albertosaurus, in Space's science fiction series Primeval: New World, a spin-off of the British series Primeval. In 2013, this role earned him a Constellation Award in the Best Male Performance in a Science Fiction Television Episode category, for his performance in the episode "Truth". He was also nominated for a Leo Award in the Best Lead Performance by a Male in a Dramatic Series category, for the same episode. Due to low ratings, the series was not renewed for a second season.

In March 2014, Deadline Hollywood announced that he had landed the role of Lieutenant Graden Hales in the TNT commissioned pilot of Marcia Clark's Guilt by Association alongside Julia Stiles, which TNT ultimately declined to pick up.

He subsequently appeared in guest roles in various American and Canadian series. In CTV's Motive he played a man driven to murder in revenge for his sister's death; in the short-lived NBC series Constantine he played a father struggling to deal with the supernatural and in the TNT police procedural Rizzoli and Isles he portrayed a Detective turned murderer.  He also had a recurring role in the third season of the CBC series Arctic Air as Tag Cummins, the love interest of the series female protagonist, Krista Ivarson, portrayed by Pascale Hutton. Additionally, Matter appeared in the 'VIP Lounge' online content produced to accompany the show, which was available through the series page on the CBC website.

Matter appeared in the 2014 Calgary International Film Festival's closing gala film, dark-comedy/thriller Ally Was Screaming. He was nominated for a 2015 AMPIA Rosie Award, for his role as Andrew, the abusive estranged husband of the titular Ally. In November 2014 he was announced as one of the Whistler Film Festival's Rising Stars, a program designed to promote the next generation of Western Canadian actors poised for international careers. He also attended the festival's screening of Ally Was Screaming, alongside his castmates.

Matter joined the main cast of Global's medical drama Remedy in 2015, for its second season. He played the role of ER Resident Dr Peter Cutler, who develops a romantic relationship with surgeon Dr Melissa Connor, portrayed by Matter's Primeval: New World castmate Sara Canning.

In 2016, he guest starred in two episodes of Bravo's Girlfriends' Guide to Divorce as seedy artist Joaquin. In the same year, he starred as surgeon Dr Clay Castleberry in the Hallmark Channel original movie Stop the Wedding, which was adapted from the novel of the same name by Stephanie Bond. The film's director Anne Wheeler went on to win Best Direction (Television Movie) at the 2017 Leo Awards. He subsequently starred in the W Network film A Snow Capped Christmas, (broadcast as Falling for Christmas in the US on Up), as former ice-hockey player and single father, Luke.

2016 also saw Matter star alongside Erin Krakow in the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries film Finding Father Christmas, based on the novel by Robin Jones Gunn, as local lawyer/hotelier Ian McAndrick. At the time of broadcast, the film became the most watched premier in the network's history. Matter and Krakow reprised their roles in a sequel to the film, entitled Engaging Father Christmas (broadcast as A Family for the Holidays in Canada and as Winter Wedding in the UK) which premiered on Hallmark Movies & Mysteries in November 2017.

He appeared in the 2016 Canadian wrestling-comedy film Chokeslam as Tab Hennessy, wrestling manager and boyfriend to the film's protagonist, Sheena 'Smasheena' DeWilde, portrayed by Amanda Crew. Matter attended the film's premiere at the Calgary International Film Festival on October 2, 2016 alongside his castmates. The film won four awards at the 2017 AMPIA Rosie Awards, including Best Director for Robert Cuffley.

Matter attended the 2nd annual "Hearties Family Reunion" in December 2016, where it was confirmed he would join the cast of the Hallmark Channel series When Calls the Heart for its fourth season, which began airing in January 2017. First appearing in the episode "The Heart of the Community", he portrayed Shane Cantrell, a single father struggling to connect with his son, who later begins a tentative relationship with Faith Carter (Andrea Brooks).

2017 saw Matter make guest appearances in two CW dramas. In May he appeared in the season three episode of iZombie, "Some Like it Hot Mess", playing the role of nightclub owner Sage Denning. The episode was directed by his Remedy castmate Enrico Colantoni. In November he made an appearance on the channel's long-running series Supernatural, in an episode of the show's thirteenth season, entitled "The Big Empty", playing the character of sadistic shape-shifter, Buddy.

In October of the same year, Matter appeared in an episode of the first season of ABC medical drama The Good Doctor. Based on the South Korean series of the same name, the drama follows the life of autistic-savant surgeon Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore). Matter appeared in the episode "Pipes", playing the role of Mark Allen, an expectant father facing life and death decisions over surgery on his unborn child.

In late 2017, Matter filmed the role of ice-hockey player Adam in the Hallmark Channel television film Frozen in Love, which was broadcast in January 2018, as a part of the channel's annual 'Winterfest' programming. The film was developed from an original idea by Matter's co-star, actress Rachael Leigh Cook.  Filming took place in British Columbia in November and December 2017. Matter went on to win a Leo Award in the "Best Lead Performance Male, Television Movie" category for his performance in the film.

2018 saw Matter star in the Hallmark Channel original movie Love at First Dance as former 'Most Eligible Bachelor' Eric alongside dance instructor Hope,(Becca Tobin), which was broadcast as part of the channel's annual 'June Weddings' event. In July of the same year, Matter starred as college professor Nick Miller in the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries franchise the Aurora Teagarden Mysteries, which star Candace Cameron Bure, in an installment entitled The Disappearing Game. He went on to reprise the role in eight further films in the series, broadcast between 2019 and 2021.

July 2018 also saw Matter appear in an episode of the first season of ABC series Take Two, guest starring along with Seamus Dever. The pair played brothers in the episode entitled "Death Becomes Him". He went on to play a supporting role in the 2018 feature film The Predator, which was released in September 2018.

Matter reprised the role of Ian McAndrick in a third film in the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries 'Father Christmas' series, entitled Marrying Father Christmas filmed in March 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia, again costarring Erin Krakow and directed by David Winning. The film premiered in the USA on the Hallmark Movies & Mysteries channel on November 4, 2018, as part of their "Miracles of Christmas" seasonal programming. In the same year he starred in the Lifetime original movie Christmas Pen Pals alongside Sarah Drew and Michael Gross, which aired on the channel on December 15, 2018, as part of their "It's a Wonderful Lifetime" seasonal programming.

In 2019, Matter was cast in the Hallmark Channel television film Country at Heart, alongside Jessy Schram, as songwriter Grady Parker. The film aired in October 2020 as part of the Channel's  "Fall Harvest" seasonal programming. In August, he joined the cast of Hallmark Channel television film Christmas at Dollywood alongside Danica Mckellar and Dolly Parton. Matter played the role of entertainment director Luke Hakman. The film premiered on the channel on December 8, 2019.

In November 2020, Matter starred in the Hallmark Channel film Never Kiss a Man in a Christmas Sweater, alongside Ashley Williams. The film aired as part of the Channel's annual "Countdown to Christmas" programming.

Personal life

Matter has previously dated Graceland star Serinda Swan, with whom he remains friends.

In July 2016, he married his girlfriend Sara Bradley in a private ceremony in Hawaii. The couple have two children.  Their first child was born in 2016 and their second in 2018.

He is a longtime fan of the NHL team Edmonton Oilers.

Filmography

Film

Television

Web series

References

External links

1980 births
21st-century Canadian male actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian people of Russian descent
Living people
Male actors from Edmonton

Niall Matter


The Campo de Calatrava volcanic field is a volcanic field in Spain. The volcanic field is in the centre of the province of Ciudad Real, in a region known as Campo de Calatrava.

The volcanic field has an area of more than 5000 km2 and more than 300 individual structures and contains pyroclastic cones, lava domes and maars. The field erupted basaltic to foiditic lavas from the Pliocene to the Holocene in Columba volcano with phreatomagmatic activity, and fumaroles were observed in the 16th-18th centuries in the Sierra de Valenzuela territory. Earlier activity has been subdivided in several phases. The first affecting mostly the centre of the field is K-Ar dated between 8.7 and 6.4 Ma. A second phase occurred in the Pleistocene 1.3 Ma and 0.7 Ma. The maars involve both hard-substrate maars formed in metasediments of the basement and soft-substrate maars in Pliocene unconsolidated sediments. Both types of maars are distributed in NE-SW and NW-SE directions following faults established during the Miocene. During the lower Pliocene, the system underwent uplift and erosion. Some maars contain sediments including travertine possibly related to carbon dioxide emissions. Gas emissions, sometimes increased following earthquake activity, are common in the field and include hydrogen sulfide, CO2 and water.

References

External links

Volcanic fields
Holocene volcanoes
Inactive volcanoes
Volcanoes of Spain

Campo de Calatrava Volcanic Field


Max Poepel (21 October 1896 – 28 August 1966) was the acting Lord Mayor (Oberbürgermeister) of Aue in the German federal state of Saxony from the end of 1945. In this capacity he prevented the destruction of the most important bridges in the industrial town by German Wehrmacht forces.

Life and works
Poepel was born on 21 October 1896 in Aue in the German state of Saxony, the son of a smith, Albin Poepel. At 18 years of age Max Poepel became a soldier in the First World War, where he obtained a driving licence and worked as a vehicle driver. Following his return to his home town he finished his education and became a master smith. He eventually took over his father's horseshoe workshop and smithy and developed it into a car workshop because of increasing motorisation. In the 1930s he had the Ford franchise for Aue and the surrounding area. In 1933 he joined the Nazi Motor Corps (NSKK). Due to differences of opinion with the leadership of the Corps he was later banned. In the same period Poepel was elected to the town council. When the Lord Mayor, Paul Geipel, was called up for Wehrmacht service in 1940 Poepel deputised as Lord Mayor and, from January 1945, he became the acting Lord Mayor (kommissarischer Oberbürgermeister). In spring of 1945 he learned that a unit from the American Army was advancing on the town from the west. A Wehrmacht combat commander who had only just been appointed, and who was subordinated to a unit of SS storm troopers, had ensured that Aue was ready to defend itself, true to the Führer's orders. As part of the defensive preparations the key bridges were fitted with explosive charges and three twin machine guns were placed around the railway station. At the final council meeting  on 25 April 1945 the military situation was discussed. The combat commander reported on the planned defensive measures and the consequences of surrender: the Mayor of Lößnitz, Rudolf Weber, had just been shot because he had surrendered the town to the Americans without a fight.

Although Poepel was a member of the Nazi Party and in spite of the threat of coercion he took responsibility for the inhabitants and the refugees staying in the town. When he heard of the refusal of the Head of the Technical Emergency Service (Technische Nothilfe) to  blow up the bridges, Poepel looked to an ally in Captain Zind of the Army engineers. With Poepel's personal guarantee the latter was able to persuade the divisional headquarters to have anti-tank obstacles built instead of blowing up the bridges. Within four days members of the Technical Emergency Service built numerous anti-tank obstacles on the key bridges in Aue, using wooden beams and stones ridges. On 4 May 1945 only a weak US armoured reconnaissance troop reached the town, but was able to take it without fighting by bypassing the tank traps. The events of those days were held in Max Poepel's personal records which were found in 1991 and titled "The Last Days of the Third Reich in Aue, as I experienced it as a Town Councillor and Deputy Mayor". The complete text is in Aue's district archives. An abridged version was printed in 1991 and 1992 as a serialization in the daily newspaper, Freie Presse.

The Americans did not occupy Aue administratively, but took some war booty from the inhabitants, including watches, binoculars, cameras and jewelry. When the Red Army took over the town from the Americans in accordance with the division of Germany into occupation zones after the Yalta Conference in June 1945, Max Poepel was arrested by the Soviet occupation forces, despite his record and the support of some anti-fascists. Up to 1949 he was held in a number of NKVD special camps like Torgau, Mühlberg and Buchenwald. In 1950, Poepel returned to Aue and was able to take over his garage business again, which had been run during his absence by its master mechanic, Fritz Taut. The garage's most important work was to repair existing cars, since there were hardly any new cars. Poepel led this workshop until his death in 1966.

Max Poepel was married to Greta, née Schulz, and they had a daughter, Anneliese. Anneliese Poepel studied under the strict tutelage of her father's car mechanic, passed the trade test and later received the master's certificate. She married Erich Schmutzler, who manufactured cutting and punching tools in several of the rooms in his father-in-law's workshop. After Poepel's death in Aue on 28 August 1966, Schmutzler at first allowed the garage to be run under by an employee and ran the cutter and punch business himself. When the number of employees working for independent artisans became regulated by the authorities, Erich Schmutzler finally gave up Max Poepel's garage in 1969.

Max Poepel's urn was buried in the family grave in Aue-Zelle. Anneliese Schmutzler, née Poepel, died in 2008.

References

Sources
 Aue, Mosaiksteine der Geschichte, Hrsg. Stadtverwaltung Aue, Druckerei und Verlag Mike Rockstroh, Aue 1997; S. 170-172
 Max Poepel: Des Stadtrats Tagebuch; Dokumentensammlung Nr. 657 im Kreisarchiv Aue

1896 births
1966 deaths
Politicians from Saxony
Aue
Nazi Party politicians
Mayors of places in Saxony
National Socialist Motor Corps members
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union

Max Poepel


Ramón Pagayon Santos (born 25 February 1941) is a Filipino composer, ethnomusicologist, and educator known for being the Philippines' foremost living exponent of contemporary Filipino classical music, for work that expounds on "the aesthetic frameworks of Philippine and Southeast Asian artistic traditions," and for finding new uses of indigenous Philippine instruments.

A University Professor Emeritus of the composition and theory department at the College of Music of the University of the Philippines Diliman, he was proclaimed National Artist of the Philippines for music in 2014.

Work as ethnomusicologist
In 1976, Santos began doing fieldwork among folk religious groups in Quezon, collecting and documenting their music. He later also did similar fieldwork among the Ibaloi, Mansaka, Bontoc, Yakan and Boholano peoples.  The Philippines' National Commission on Culture and the Arts notes that as a result, Santos' compositions beginning in this period in his professional life were characterized by "the translation of indigenous musical systems into modern musical discourse."

Compositions
Some of Santos' compositions include:
 Rituwal ng Pasasalamat,
 Likas-An,
 Badiw as Kapoonan,
 Awit ni Pulau,
 Daragang Magayon,
 Ta-O,
 Sandiwaan,
 Nagnit Igak G'nan Wagnwag Nila (Alingawngaw ng Kagitingan),
 Kulintang, and
 Panaghoy

Recognition
Santos was made a Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et Lettres in 1987.

He was one of six people added to the roster of National Artists of the Philippines in 2014.

See also
 José Maceda
 Lucrecia Kasilag

References

1941 births
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
National Artists of the Philippines
University of the Philippines alumni
Indiana University alumni
University at Buffalo alumni
Living people
People from Pasig
Filipino classical composers
Filipino music educators
Musicians from Metro Manila

Ramon Santos


The Neosho National Fish Hatchery is the oldest federal fish hatchery in operation today. It is one of 69 fish hatcheries operated by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. It was established in 1888.

History
Neosho, located in the Ozark Mountain region of southwest Missouri, was chosen for the hatchery site because of access to spring water and the railroad. Land for the fish hatchery was purchased from Lemuel B. and Mary A. Hearrell for $2,472. The first source of water for the hatchery, Hearrell Spring, was purchased from the Hearrells for $1 and provided 300 gallons of water per minute. By 1890, the fish hatchery was a productive fish station raising seven species of warm and cold water fish. In 1907, McMahon Spring was added to increase the hatchery water supply to 1,000 gallons per minute.

A rehabilitation program was undertaken at the fish hatchery in 1961. A new, modern, tile and brick hatchery building replaced the 1890 hatching house. All trout rearing facilities were removed and replaced with 12 concrete raceways. The title was obtained for  of land on the Fort Crowder Military Reservation near Neosho upon which Elm and Bartholic Springs are located. This provided an additional 500 gallons per minute to the hatchery's water supply.

Role of Fish Hatcheries in conservation

The US Fish and Wildlife Service operates fish hatcheries throughout the United States. These hatcheries are a significant part of fisheries conservation and restoration efforts by producing and releasing rare, endangered and other fish back into America's lakes and rivers. Some of these hatcheries also help mitigate the loss of fishing from the large federal dams built in the last century.

Over 130 species of cold, cool, and warm water fish have been produced at the Neosho NFH since it was established. The current focus is on paddlefish and lake sturgeon restoration, pallid sturgeon recovery, production of rainbow trout for mitigation, and native mussel propagation.

The staff at the Neosho Fish Hatchery also protect the endangered Ozark cavefish in one of the springs that supplies the hatchery with water. In 1989, staff discovered Ozark cavefish using the spring. In 2002 efforts were taken to protect the area surrounding.

The hatchery water supply is from four gravity flow underground springs, located up to four miles (6 km) from the hatchery. The 1,500 gallons of 54- to 64-degree, high-quality water per minute allows hatchery staff to produce up to 90,000 pounds of fish annually and to rear several species of imperiled fish and other aquatic species.

Current programs
Recovery efforts for endangered pallid sturgeon
Protection for endangered Ozark cavefish
Recovery efforts for threatened or endangered native mussels
Restoration efforts for candidate species, lake sturgeon
Restoration efforts for candidate species, paddlefish
Mandated mitigation of rainbow trout for Lake Taneycomo, Missouri
Outreach and educational opportunities for public through guided hatchery tours and offsite presentations

References

Neosho National Fish Hatchery at U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service website

National Fish Hatcheries of the United States
Buildings and structures in Newton County, Missouri
Tourist attractions in Newton County, Missouri
Education in Newton County, Missouri
Agricultural buildings and structures in Missouri
Neosho, Missouri

Neosho National Fish Hatchery


A web chat is a chat system to exchange information via the Web. People use a web browser to communicate with others. Apart from the browser you do not need anything else, which makes a web chat easy to use and ideal for people not very experienced with computers.

On the technical side web chats are often written with Java, Flash or Ajax.

Related pages
 Chat room
 Webcam

Internet communication
Web browsers

Web chat


A Skin, A Night is a 2008 documentary film featuring the American indie rock band The National. The film is directed by Vincent Moon, and was released simultaneously with the band's compilation The Virginia EP on May 20, 2008.

The film documents the recording process of the band's fourth studio album, Boxer (2007).

Critical reception
In a positive review, Popmatters''' J.M. Suarez noted: "It may even be misleading to call A Skin, A Night a documentary, as it rejects many of the standard techniques many would expect from such a project. In a similar way to AJ Schnack's Kurt Cobain: About a Son'', Moon makes use of cityscapes, landscapes, and still images to paint a unique picture of a band at work, as well as offer a more complete picture of the band."

References

2008 films
2008 documentary films
American documentary films
Rockumentaries
The National (band)
Films directed by Vincent Moon
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

A Skin, A Night


In enzymology, a ketol-acid reductoisomerase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

(R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+  (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are (S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate, NADPH, and H+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (isomerizing). Other names in common use include dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing), acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, ketol acid reductoisomerase, alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase, 2-hydroxy-3-keto acid reductoisomerase, acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase, acetolactate reductoisomerase, dihydroxyisovalerate (isomerizing) dehydrogenase, isomeroreductase, and reductoisomerase. This enzyme participates in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and pantothenate and coa biosynthesis.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 4 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes , , , and .

References

EC 1.1.1
NADPH-dependent enzymes
Enzymes of known structure

Ketol-acid reductoisomerase


"Boomerang" is a song by Canadian rock band Barenaked Ladies. It is the first single from their 2013 album, Grinning Streak. It was released as a downloadable single on March 26, 2013.

History
"Boomerang" was written by Ed Robertson and the Nashville-based singer-songwriter, Zac Maloy. BNL headed into the studio on May 24, 2012 with multi-platinum, multi-Juno Award-winning producer Gavin Brown to begin recording "Boomerang". Pictures and videos from these sessions were posted by the band via Twitter.
At the time, fans were unsure as to whether or not BNL were recording a full album, given conflicting reports from different members at different points in time.
The band originally had no intent of recording a full album. After a show in Canandaigua on July 7, 2012, Robertson stated that they weren't working on a full album, because "Nobody wants to buy a full album anymore". Instead, they planned to release "Boomerang" as a non-album single in conjuncture with their "Last Summer On Earth 2012" tour. When asked about the release date, Ed added that the band members were not happy with the final mix of the song, and that they were waiting for a re-mix they could potentially release in the coming weeks. Despite remaining unreleased until March 2013, the band continued to play it at every show of their "Last Summer On Earth 2012" and "Symphony Barenaked" tours.

Releases and mixes
The digital download of the single contains only the Bob Clearmountain mix. The promotional CD copy (issued mainly to radio stations for airplay), includes the Bob Clearmountain and Mark Endert mixes, respectively.

Music videos
The first video released for "Boomerang" was the official lyric video. It was released March 22, 2013 on BNL's official YouTube channel, "BNLMusic", and uses the Bob Clearmountain mix of the song. The video itself is a slideshow of fan-captured, fan-submitted pictures of historical landmarks in and around Toronto. As the music plays and the slideshow scrolls through all the pictures, the lyrics (in text format) are animated onto the pictures as they change, and are made to fit in with each scene, as well as be in sync with the song.
A contest in search of the official music video for "Boomerang" was held by Barenaked Ladies, through Genero.TV. To enter, fans had to create and enter their own music videos for "Boomerang" into the contest, to be judged by Barenaked Ladies and the Genero.TV team once entries closed. The deadline for entries was April 29, 2013. The winner received a $5,000 cash prize, and their entry to the contest became the official music video for "Boomerang". Other outstanding video submissions that didn't win will still be nominated for the 2013 Genero Awards. Unlike the official lyric video for "Boomerang", this video uses the Mark Endert mix of the song.

Charts
"Boomerang" debuted at No. 30 on Canada's adult contemporary chart, eventually climbing up no No. 11, and has spent eighteen weeks there (as of August 2013).

References

Barenaked Ladies songs
Songs written by Ed Robertson
2013 singles
Songs written by Zac Maloy
Song recordings produced by Gavin Brown (musician)
2013 songs
Vanguard Records singles

Boomerang (Barenaked Ladies song)


The Mountain States (also known as the Mountain West or the Interior West) form one of the nine geographic subregions of the United States that are officially recognized by the United States Census Bureau. It is a subregion of the Western United States.

The Mountain States usually include: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.

The words "Mountain States" generally refer to the U.S. States which cover the U.S. Rocky Mountains. These are oriented north-south through parts of the states of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. Arizona and Nevada, as well as other parts of Utah and New Mexico, have other smaller mountain ranges and scattered mountains located in them as well. Sometimes, the Trans-Pecos area of West Texas is considered part of the region. The land area of the eight states together is some 855,767 square miles (2,216,426 square kilometers).
Regions of the United States

Mountain States


South Chennai is the new southern neighbourhoods of Chennai city, India. It is roughly the neighbourhoods and suburbs that lie south of the Adyar River. None of these places were part of Chennai Corporation before 1947 and became part of Chennai before 1990 when they existed as separate local bodies.

South Chennai has two notified reserve forests and has a rich human history indicated by the presence of many palaeolithic, neolithic and megalithic remains. The South Chennai zone, with its head office at Guindy division comprises Guindy, Mylapore, Velachery, Tambaram, Alandur and Sholinganallur taluks.

References

Neighbourhoods in Chennai

South Chennai


Bobby Olen Pinson (born August 10, 1972) is an American country music artist. Signed to RCA Nashville in 2005, Pinson made his debut that year with his album Man Like Me. Its lead-off single, "Don't Ask Me How I Know", peaked at No. 16 on the Hot Country Songs charts, and was his only Top 40 country hit. Two more albums, I Mean Business and Songs for Somebody, followed in late 2005 and 2007, respectively. He has also written several singles for other artists, including four Number One hits for Toby Keith and another four for Sugarland.

Biography
Bobby Pinson was born August 10, 1972, in Tulsa, Oklahoma but raised in Panhandle, Texas, United States. Influenced by poet and songwriter Shel Silverstein, Pinson began entering writing and storytelling contests, and by high school, he began writing songs as well, citing Johnny Cash, Bruce Springsteen and Steve Earle as influences. Because his father was a football coach, Pinson was moved throughout the state of Texas, and played football himself in high school.

After graduating from Claremore High School in Oklahoma, Pinson served in the United States Army, in which he served for three years. While in the Army, he founded a band which began playing at local venues in California. In California, he met songwriters Larry Boone and Paul Nelson, who suggested that he move to Nashville, Tennessee, which he did in 1996. Pinson worked several odd jobs in Nashville, including delivering phone books and loading railroad ties for the Santa Fe Railroad.

Musical career
By 1999, he was signed to a publishing contract with Sony/ATV Music. Artists who recorded his material included Blake Shelton, Marty Stuart and LeAnn Rimes. His first single release as a songwriter was Tracy Lawrence's 2000 single "Unforgiven", and three years later, McHayes (a duo composed of Wade Hayes and Mark McClurg) charted with "It Doesn't Mean I Don't Love You", which Pinson co-wrote with Trent Willmon. Pinson also co-wrote Marty Stuart's 2003 single "If There Ain't, There Ought'a Be", and Willmon later charted with one of Pinson's songs, "The Good Life", in early 2005 from his self-titled debut album.

After playing at several artist and songwriter showcases, Pinson was discovered by producer Joe Scaife, who helped him sign to a contract with RCA Records Nashville. His debut single, "Don't Ask Me How I Know", charted in early 2005 and reached a peak of No. 16 on the Billboard country charts. This was the first single from his debut album Man Like Me. The album's second single, "Way Down", peaked at No. 58, and by the end of 2005, Pinson exited RCA's roster. He did, however, re-release an independent album originally recorded in 1994 called I Mean Business.

Despite the loss of his record deal, Pinson continued to write songs for other singers. Lawrence charted another Pinson co-write, "If I Don't Make It Back", in 2006. His first Number One as a songwriter came in late 2006, when Sugarland topped the Billboard country charts with "Want To", which he co-wrote with the duo's members, Kristian Bush and Jennifer Nettles. Trent Tomlinson also released a Pinson co-write, "One Wing in the Fire", in late 2006. He released a third album, Songs for Somebody, in 2007 on an independent label. This album included his own rendition of "If I Don't Make It Back". That same year, two more songs that he co-wrote entered the charts: "What I Did Last Night" by Catherine Britt and "We Weren't Crazy" by Josh Gracin.

In 2008, Pinson also began writing with Toby Keith, including the singles "She's a Hottie", "She Never Cried in Front of Me", "Lost You Anyway", "Made in America", "Beers Ago", "I Like Girls That Drink Beer" and "Shut Up and Hold On". "35 MPH Town". "She Never Cried in Front of Me" and "Lost You Anyway" were released from Keith's 2008 album That Don't Make Me a Bad Guy, on which all but three songs were co-written by Keith and Pinson. He also has several cuts on Sugarland's 2008 album Love on the Inside, including its first three singles: "All I Want to Do", "Already Gone" and "It Happens", all of which were also Number One hits. Pinson and Terry McBride also co-wrote Brooks & Dunn's 2009 single "Honky Tonk Stomp". Pinson, Eric Church, Jeff Hyde and Clint Daniels also co-wrote Eric Church's 2019 single "Some of It". Pinson and Arlo Gilliam also co-wrote Emerson Drive's 2012 single "She's My Kind of Crazy". Pinson, Rhett Akins and Dallas Davidson also co-wrote Aaron Lewis's 2013 single "Granddaddy's Gun". Pinson, Brantley Gilbert, Blake Chaffin also co-wrote Brantley Gilbert's 2017 single "The Ones That Like Me".

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Music videos

References

External links
Bobby Pinson official website

American country singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
RCA Records Nashville artists
1970 births
Singer-songwriters from Oklahoma
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Oklahoma

Bobby Pinson


An immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is any of a group of conditions or diseases that lack a definitive etiology, but which are characterized by common inflammatory pathways leading to inflammation, and which may result from, or be triggered by, a dysregulation of the normal immune response.  All IMIDs can cause end organ damage, and are associated with increased morbidity and/or mortality.

Inflammation is an important and growing area of biomedical research and health care because inflammation mediates and is the primary driver of many medical disorders and autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Behçet's disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and allergy, as well as many cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and infectious diseases.  Some current research even suggests that aging is a consequence, in part, of inflammatory processes.

Characterization

IMID is characterized by immune disregulation, and one underlying manifestation of this immune disregulation is the inappropriate activation of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-6 or TNF alpha, whose actions lead to pathological consequences.

See also

Immune mediated polygenic arthritis

Bibliography

 Shurin, Michael R. and Yuri S. Smolkin (editors). Immune Mediated Diseases: From Theory to Therapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Springer, 2007.

References
idid.us: immune mediated inflammatory diseases, inflammatory diseases of immune dysregulation

Cause (medicine)
Inflammations
Immune system disorders

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases


The title Earl of Wiltshire is one of the oldest in the Peerage of England, going back to the 12th century. It is currently held by the Marquess of Winchester, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the marquess.

The earldom was first created for Harvey of Léon, who married Sybilla, an illegitimate daughter of King Stephen. The title lapsed after Harvey lost his English lands during the Anarchy, since at that time one could not be an earl without the territory to support the dignity.

Patrick of Salisbury was created Earl of Wiltshire by the Empress Matilda, probably after July 1143, but he was usually styled Earl of Salisbury.  He was the second but eldest surviving son of William of Salisbury and the grandson of Walter of Salisbury, the founder of Bradenstoke Priory, in Wiltshire.  He was Sheriff of Wiltshire in October 1152, when he was addressed as "Earl Patrick, sheriff" in a writ of Stephen. Patrick of Salisbury, Earl of Wiltshire, passed the title to his great-granddaughter Margaret Longespée. She married Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, they had a daughter who became suo jure Countess of Lincoln and Wiltshire on her mother's death.  She married three times, but the earldom of Wiltshire seems to have reverted to the crown with her death in October 1348.

William le Scrope was created Earl of Wiltshire in 1397. He was executed during the events leading to the deposition of Richard II by Henry IV. The charter which granted his earldom limited its inheritance to heirs male, but did not contain the usual additional limitation of his body. Thus in 1859 a collateral descendant attempted to claim the earldom, but the claim was rejected by the House of Lords.

The next creation was for James Butler, eldest son of the 4th Earl of Ormond. He fought on the Lancastrian side at the Battle of Towton, and afterwards was executed and posthumously attainted.

The earldom was next held by three members of the Stafford family, beginning with John, a younger son of the 1st Duke of Buckingham.

Anne Boleyn's father Thomas was the recipient of the next creation, but after outliving his son and with no other male heirs upon his death the title became vacant. He was the great-nephew of James Butler, the earl of the 1449 creation.

Finally, in 1550 William Paulet was created Earl of Wiltshire. He was made Marquess of Winchester the next year, and his descendants continue to hold both titles.

Earl of Wiltshire, First Creation (1139)
Hervey le Breton, Earl of Wiltshire (forfeit 1141)

Earl of Wiltshire, creation by the Empress Matilda (c. 1145)
Patrick of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Salisbury (c. 1122–1168)
William of Salisbury, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (d. 1196)
William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (c. 1176–1226), jure uxoris Ela, Countess of Salisbury (1187–1261)
Margaret Longespée, Countess of Salisbury (c. 1261 – c. 1311), granddaughter of the 3rd Earl by his son William III Longespée. She married Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln.
Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln (1281–1348)

Earl of Wiltshire, Second Creation (1397)
William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1350–1399) (executed 1399)

Earl of Wiltshire, Third Creation  (1449)
James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire and 5th Earl of Ormond (1420–1461) (forfeit 1461)

Earl of Wiltshire, Fourth Creation (1470)
John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (d. 1473)
Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire (1469–1499) (extinct)

Earl of Wiltshire, Fifth Creation (1510)
Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1479–1523) (extinct)

Earl of Wiltshire, Sixth Creation (1529)
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire and 1st Earl of Ormond (1477–1539) (extinct)

Earl of Wiltshire, Seventh Creation (1550)
see Marquess of Winchester

The title 'Earl of Wiltshire' is now used as the courtesy title of Lord Winchester's eldest son and heir.

Family tree

See also
Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, who was offered the title but declined it

Notes

Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of England
Earl
Earldoms in the Peerage of England
Forfeited earldoms in the Peerage of England

Noble titles created in 1139
Noble titles created in 1397
Noble titles created in 1449
Noble titles created in 1470
Noble titles created in 1510
Noble titles created in 1529
Noble titles created in 1550

Earl of Wiltshire


Demir Demirkan () (born 12 August 1972) is a Turkish musician, Eurovision Song Contest winning composer, formerly guitarist for thrash metal band Mezarkabul. Demir Demirkan started playing music when he was 13 and played guitar with various groups in college. Demir Demirkan also wrote television jingles and composed soundtracks for television and films.

Early life and influences
Demirkan started playing music when he was 13 and played guitar with various groups in college.  In 1990, Demir joined a heavy/rock group, Mezarkabul, based in Istanbul and wrote and played guitar in the group's second album, Trail Blazer.

In 1992, he moved to Los Angeles where he studied with Scott Henderson, Frank Gambale and Paul Hanson who founded the MI-Musician's Institute.

In 1996, he moved back to Istanbul and worked as a producer, guitarist and composer for various artists such as Sebnem Ferah and Sertab Erener. Demir rejoined Mezarkabul again in 1997 and recorded the Anatolia album.

Career
Demirkan played his first guitar at age 13, and attained national stardom in 1990 when he joined the Istanbul heavy rock group Mezarkabul as songwriter and guitarist. In 1992, he studied at Musician's Institute in Los Angeles with Scott Henderson, Frank Gambale, and MI founder Paul Hanson, also playing studio and live gigs.

In 2000, Demir released his eponymous initial solo album with Sony Music. His albums Dunya Benim (The World is Mine) and 2004 Istanbul followed in 2002 and 2004. The latter sold in 11 European countries after his successful tour with Mike Tramp (Whitelion).

The songs Demir wrote for Sertab Erener were widely accepted in Europe and Turkey. One of these songs, "Every Way That I Can," won the first prize in the 2003 Eurovision Song Competition and sold 400,000 units worldwide.

Demirkan also wrote television jingles and composed soundtracks for television and films. One of the more remarkable works of Demirkan was the music he composed for the documentary about Gallipoli/Gelibolu in 2005. That soundtrack involved ethnical strings recorded in Turkey and classical melodies recorded by a symphonic orchestra and choir in the Czech Republic. It was released in Turkey and Australia.

Demirkan and Sertab Erener embarked on the international project Painted on Water together. This innovative work entitled Ebru was co-produced by Demir and Jay Newland, a multi- Grammy-winning-producer (Norah Jones' "Come Away with Me"), and released on Motéma Music.

His Los Angeles experience informed the current project in several ways, not least the fact that "the L.A. vibe is great for art," Demirkan says. "Every day when I was studying in Hollywood, I passed A&M Studios, and I wanted to record an album there. When we were ready to record Painted on Water, we had to search for them because they'd changed to their name to Hanson. Every time I passed by, I promised myself I'd get there and record, so it was a great moment, a dream came true."

Demirkan continues his solo career in Turkey.

Albums
Demir Demirkan (2000)
Dünya Benim (2002)
2004 İstanbul (2004)
Gelibolu (OST) (2005)
Ateş Yağmurunda Çırılçıplak (2007)
Yolun Yarısı (2008)
Painted on Water (with Sertab Erener) (2010)
Biriz (2011)
2000-2012 (2012)
Tam Ölmek de Değil (2014)
Elysium on Ashes (2019)

References

 https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/portrait/sertab-erener-turkish-winner-of-eurovision-song-contest

External links

1972 births
Living people
People from Adana
Turkish rock singers
Turkish songwriters
Turkish heavy metal guitarists
Musicians Institute alumni
Eurovision Song Contest winners
21st-century Turkish singers
21st-century guitarists
21st-century Turkish male singers

Demir Demirkan


The Master of the Estate (German: Der Majoratsherr) is a 1943 German drama film directed by Hans Deppe and starring Willy Birgel, Viktoria von Ballasko and Anneliese Uhlig. Location shooting took place in Pomerania, Mecklenburg and Ramsau in the Bavarian Alps. The film's sets were designed by the art directors Otto Gülstorff and Carl Ludwig Kirmse. It is based on the 1895 Swedish novel Der Majoratsherr von Halleborg by Alfred von Hedenstjerna.

Cast
 Willy Birgel as Bernhard von Halleborg
 Viktoria von Ballasko as 	Amelie von Linden
 Anneliese Uhlig as 	Julia Dahl
 Ernst Sattler as von Linden, Amelies Vater
 Heddo Schulenburg as 	Kurt, ihr Bruder
 Doris Holve as 	Christa, ihre Schwester
 Arthur Schröder as 	Dr. Osterkamp
 Harry Liedtke as 	Dr. Stempel
 Werner Scharf as 	Oskar von Halleborg
 Maria Locatelli as 	Cilli, seine Frau
 Knut Hartwig as Plate, Gutsinspektor
 Hedwig Wangel as Malena, Wirtschafterin
 Erwin Biegel as 	Karl, Diener
 Ernst Karchow as 	Professor Lindroth

References

Bibliography
 Kreimeier, Klaus. The Ufa Story: A History of Germany's Greatest Film Company, 1918-1945. University of California Press, 1999.
 Rentschler, Eric. The Ministry of Illusion: Nazi Cinema and Its Afterlife. Harvard University Press, 1996.

External links

1943 films
Films of Nazi Germany
German drama films
1943 drama films
1940s German-language films
German black-and-white films
1940s German films
Films directed by Hans Deppe
UFA GmbH films
Films shot in Bavaria
Films based on Swedish novels

The Master of the Estate


Higashine city is one of the cities of Yamagata prefecture in Japan. It is on the border of Yamagata prefecture and Miyagi prefecture and it is basin. In February 2020, 47,910 people lived there. The size is 206,94 square kilometer. Higashine is especially famous for many kinds of fruits.

Sightseeing

There is an airport called 'Oishi Yamagata airport' built in 1964. There were charter flights from Taiwan until 2019 and many Taiwanese visited Higashine city by boarding them.

There is a big old tree called 'Okeyaki' at Higashine elementary school. The age of it is said to be more than 1500 years and it has been designated as a national nature treasure.

Higashine onsen is famous for relaxing. There is also a foot bath in the onsen street. Their hotels are also used for many kinds of gatherings like after the coming of age ceremony.

Marathon competition called 'Sakuranbo Marathon' is held every June. It started in 2002. Anyone can join it , so many people from all over Japan, about 9000 people ran in the race in 2019. Runners can choose to run from 3km, 5km, 10km, and 21km, so it is easy to join even from children to a wide range of ages.

Fruits

Higashine city is famous for some kinds of fruits and is called 'kingdom of fruits'. Its early summer cherries are very popular. Higashine grows the most cherries in Japan and one of the breed, 'Satonishiki' was born here. Satonishiki was born in 1928. And now 'Higashine Sakuranbo' was classified as GI (geographical indication) in 2017 and it is found as a gift. There are reasons this city is suitable for growing cherries. There has not been so much rain and sunlight time in June. Also the drainage is good and the temperature is suitable. That is why the environment is the best to culture cherries.

La France is another famous fruit. It is fruit that you can enjoy in fall seasons. 80% of the La France production in Japan is in Yamagata prefecture. The image character of Higashine city, 'Tanto-kun' is a La France motif.

Education

Higashine is the only city where the population is increasing in Yamagata. It is because they put effort into making the environment for raising children.

'Asobia-land' is a kind of park where children can enjoy exercise built in 2013. Many little children gather there and enjoy playing outside.

'Tantokuru center' is a community center and place where children can exercise inside. Children to elderly visit as a place to interact with civilians. In 2015, Their Majesties the Emperor and Empress visited there .

Touohgakkan junior & senior high school is next to the city hall. It was built in 2016.

Cities in Yamagata Prefecture

Higashine, Yamagata


An overhead or penetration diving environment is where the diver enters a space from which there is no direct, purely vertical ascent to the safety of breathable atmosphere at the surface. Cave diving, wreck diving, ice diving and diving inside or under other natural or artificial underwater structures or enclosures are examples. The restriction on direct ascent increases the risk of diving under an overhead, and this is usually addressed by adaptations of procedures and use of equipment such as redundant breathing gas sources and guide lines to indicate the route to the exit.

There are some applications where scuba diving is appropriate and surface-supplied diving is not, and other where the converse is true. In other applications either may be appropriate, and the mode is chosen to suit the specific circumstances. In all cases risk is managed by appropriate planning, skills, training and choice of equipment.

Environments by confinement
Confinement can influence diver safety and the ability of the diver to perform the required task. Some types of confinement improve safety by limiting the ability of the diver to move into higher risk areas, others limit the ability of the diver to maneuver or to escape to a place of safety in an emergency.

 The Queensland government define confined water for recreational diving purposes as "Water which offers pool-like conditions, good visibility, and water which is shallow enough so that all divers can stand up with their heads well clear of the water". Other definitions do not require such shallow depth, but may have a depth restriction.

Penetration diving, also known as overhead environments:

 – A topographical feature which is open to one side, but obstructed overhead, and deep enough for a diver to be under the overhang.
Restriction – Space through which it is possible for a diver to pass with some difficulty. Section of a cave which is difficult to pass through due to lack of space. A minor restriction is too small for two divers to swim through together, a major restriction requires the diver to remove equipment to fit through.

 – Arch, or short, clear tunnel that has sufficient space to allow a diver to swim through and where the light of the opening at the far end is visible through the hole.
Under ships – usually for inspection, maintenance and repair, or incidentally, when diving from one. In some cases the gap between the ship and the bottom or the jetty or dock can be quite small.

Cave diving

Cave-diving is underwater diving in water-filled caves. It may be done as an extreme sport, a way of exploring flooded caves for scientific investigation, or for the search for and recovery of divers or, as in the 2018 Thai cave rescue, other cave users. The equipment used varies depending on the circumstances, and ranges from breath hold to surface supplied, but almost all cave-diving is done using scuba equipment, often in specialised configurations with redundancies such as sidemount or backmounted twinset. Recreational cave-diving is generally considered to be a type of technical diving due to the lack of a free surface during large parts of the dive, and often involves planned decompression stops. A distinction is made by recreational diver training agencies between cave-diving and cavern-diving, where cavern diving is deemed to be diving in those parts of a cave where the exit to open water can be seen by natural light. An arbitrary distance limit to the open water surface may also be specified.

Equipment, procedures, and the requisite skills have been developed to reduce the risk of becoming lost in a flooded cave, and consequently drowning when the breathing gas supply runs out. The equipment aspect largely involves the provision of an adequate breathing gas supply to cover reasonably foreseeable contingencies, redundant dive lights and other safety critical equipment, and the use of a continuous guideline leading the divers back out of the overhead environment. The skills and procedures include effective management of the equipment, and procedures to recover from foreseeable contingencies and emergencies, both by individual divers, and by the teams that dive together.

Despite these risks, water-filled caves attract scuba divers, cavers, and speleologists due to their often unexplored nature, and present divers with a technical diving challenge. Underwater caves have a wide range of physical features, and can contain fauna not found elsewhere. Several organisations dedicated to cave diving safety and exploration exist, and several agencies provide specialised training in the skills and procedures considered necessary for acceptable safety.

Cavern diving
Cavern diving is an arbitrarily defined, limited scope activity of diving in the naturally illuminated part of underwater caves, where the risk of getting lost is small, as the exit can be seen, and the equipment needed is reduced due to the limited distance to surface air. It is defined as a recreational diving activity as opposed to a technical diving activity on the grounds of low risk and basic equipment requirements.

Ice diving

Ice diving is a type of penetration diving where the dive takes place under ice. Because diving under ice places the diver in an overhead environment typically with only a single entry/exit point, it requires special procedures and equipment. Ice diving is done for purposes of recreation, scientific research, public safety (usually search and rescue/recovery) and other professional or commercial reasons.

The most obvious hazards of ice diving are getting lost under the ice, hypothermia, and regulator failure due to freezing. Scuba divers are generally tethered for safety. This means that the diver wears a harness to which  a line is secured, and the other end of the line is secured above the surface and monitored by an attendant. Surface supplied equipment inherently provides a tether, and reduces the risks of regulator first stage freezing as the first stage can be managed by the surface team, and the breathing gas supply is less limited. For the surface support team, the hazards include freezing temperatures and falling through thin ice.

Wreck penetration diving
Penetration diving in shipwrecks is done as a recreational activity and as a professional activity in salvage and clearance work.

Wreck diving

Wreck diving is recreational diving where the wreckage of ships, aircraft and other artificial structures are explored. The term is used mainly by recreational and technical divers. Professional divers, when diving on a shipwreck, generally refer to the specific task, such as salvage work, accident investigation or archaeological survey. Although most wreck dive sites are at shipwrecks, there is an increasing trend to scuttle retired ships to create artificial reef sites. Diving to crashed aircraft can also be considered wreck diving. The recreation of wreck diving makes no distinction as to how the vessel ended up on the bottom.

Some wreck diving involves penetration of the wreckage, making a direct ascent to the surface impossible for a part of the dive.

Salvage diving

Salvage diving is the diving work associated with the recovery of all or part of ships, their cargoes, aircraft, and other vehicles and structures which have sunk or fallen into water. In the case of ships it may also refer to repair work done to make an abandoned or distressed but still floating vessel more suitable for towing or propulsion under its own power. The recreational/technical activity known as wreck diving is generally not considered salvage work, though some recovery of artifacts may be done by recreational divers.

Most salvage diving is commercial work, or military work, depending on the diving contractor and the purpose for the salvage operation, Similar underwater work may be done by divers as part of forensic investigations into accidents, in which case the procedures may be more closely allied with underwater archaeology than the more basic procedures of advantageous cost/benefit expected in commercial and military operations.

Savage work that may require penetration of flooded internal spaces or diving under the vessel includes surveys of underwater damage, patching, shoring and other reinforcement, and attachment of lifting gear.

Clearance diving

Clearance diving, the removal of obstructions and hazards to navigation, is closely related to salvage diving, but has a different purpose, in that the objects to be removed are not intended to be recovered, just removed or reduced to a condition where they no longer constitute a hazard or obstruction. Many of the techniques and procedures used in clearance diving are also used in salvage work.

Diving under ships

The underside of the hull is an overhead environment with no direct vertical access to the surface. As such it constitutes an entrapment hazard, particularly under large vessels where it may be too dark due to low natural light or turbid water to see the way to the side of the hull. The bottom of the largest ships is mostly flat and featureless, exacerbating the problem, and as the plating is almost always steel, a magnetic compass is not reliable for navigation. Only surface-supplied diving is authorised for this work in most jurisdictions, as this not only secures the diver's breathing gas supply, but also provides a guideline to the exit point.  There is also a hazard of crushing if the clearance is small and the tide range is large.

Sewer diving

Safety and risk management
The main generic hazards of penetration diving are being unable to navigate back to the surface and running out of breathing gas before reaching the surface. Both of these hazards are well mitigated by the use of surface supplied breathing equipment, but at the cost of seriously reduced mobility and extremely restricted range, to the extent that some penetration activities are impossible on surface supply.

Scuba diving

For scuba diving, the risk of getting lost and running out of breathing gas is real and significant. These are the most common factors recorded in diving deaths in penetration diving. The use of a continuous guideline leading to open water is recognised as the most important safety precaution in any overhead environment with a real possibility of not being able to see the way out, along with sufficient emergency gas to compensate for any single catastrophic breathing gas supply failure at any time during the planned course of a penetration dive.

Surface supplied diving

Surface supplied diving reduces the risk of getting lost under an overhead, as the umbilical provides a reliable guideline back to the entry point, and a reliable source of breathing gas with a low risk of out of air incidents, but it can be cumbersome, only allows a limited penetration distance based on available umbilical length and the ability of the diver to drag it along and the ability of the tenders to drag it back during exit, and can become snagged on obstructions or diverted through line traps. It may need one or more in-water tenders or guide hoops to avoid these problems, and it may not be possible for the standby diver to reach the diver within an acceptable time in an emergency. Another possible problem is hydrodynamic drag in a current.

Equipment
All critical life-support equipment must be sufficiently redundant to allow escape in any reasonably foreseeable failure scenario.

Skills, procedures, and training
Skills and procedures have been developed for managing the hazards and foreseeable contingencies associated with different circumstances of penetration diving and the equipment suitable for use in each environment. These are generally learned in training for diving in those specific environments, but most are applicable across a range of environments with similar hazards.

References

Underwater diving environment
Occupational safety and health

Penetration diving


James Herman De Ricci (15 March 1847 – 1900)  was Attorney General of Fiji from 1875 to 1876. He is remembered, among other things, as the author of Fiji (Our New Province in the South Seas).

The son of Herman Robert De Ricci, he was married to Hélène Levi Montefiore (1857-1932), daughter of Edouard Levi Montefiore and Emma Cahen d'Anvers. They had a son, Seymour Montefiore Roberto Rosso, and a daughter, Alice.

References

Attorneys General of the Colony of Fiji
Attorneys-general of Fiji
1847 births
1900 deaths
Ethnic minority Fijian politicians

James Herman De Ricci


Vilijampolė is a neighborhood in the city of Kaunas, Lithuania, located on the right bank of the Neris River and the Nemunas River, near their confluence. Part of a larger  which consists of Vilijampolė, , ,  and  neighorhoods, and covers 1,720 hectares with population of 23,687 people.

In the past it was a separate town by Kaunas. Popular nickname Slabotkė is still in use, derived from the Polish name of the place Słobódka Wiliampolska. The word Wiliampolska is an adjective from "Wiliampol" ("Wilia town")  derived from the Slavic name of the nearby Neris river - Wilia and "słobódka" means "little sloboda". Later this name was Lithuanised into "Vilijampolė". Historically, it was the home of the Slabodka yeshiva, or Yeshivas Knesses Yisrael, and the main site of the Kaunas Ghetto.

The Lithuanian Veterinary Academy campus is located in the neighbourhood. Two bridges across the Neris connects Vilijampolė with the main part of the city. Petras Vileišis Bridge connects the district with the Old Town and Varniai Bridge with the neighbourhood of Žaliakalnis.

References

 City of Kaunas - Elderate of Vilijampolė

External links

Website of Kaunas city

Neighbourhoods of Kaunas

Vilijampolė


Syed Ahmed Quadri (Urdu: سيد احمد قادري) was an administrator, educator, and senior officer in the government of the Nizam of Hyderabad and later on in the government of India and the UNO.

Ancestry

His lineage traces back to the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was also a direct descendant of the famous Sufi Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani (1077–1166) and his great grandfather was the Sufi shaykh of Tekmal Sayyid Sahib Husayni (1805–1880). Thus, he was brought up in a Sufi tradition.

His ancestors migrated from Baghdad first to Allahabad in north India, and then shifted south to Tekmal adopting this town as their permanent native place.

Early life and education
Syed Ahmed was barely ten years old when his parents died. His eldest sister Ghousia Begum and her husband Mr. Syed Abdul Quader Hussaini, ex-Collector Gulbarga became his immediate guardians henceforth and he spent his youth at their home.

Immediately after his schooling, he pursued higher education in science at Aligarh Muslim University and Osmania University, Hyderabad. With an excellent educational record, he was sent then to England for further higher studies, where he received BSc(Hons) degree in Physics from Manchester University in 1933.

In university sports
Quadri also enjoyed some success in sports. He was captain of the hockey team, a member of the Football Team, and swimming champion of Aligarh Muslim University during 1924–1929. He held records in long distance swimming and represented the Muslim contingent in a quadrangular All India Water Polo Championship between Muslims, Christians, Hindus and Others (including Parsis).

He won 7 Gold Medals as a part of the Aligarh Muslim University hockey and football teams in All India Championships.

He was also the Tennis Blue of Manchester University in 1933. Thereafter, he was presented with the honour of "BLUE" of all English Universities in 1933.

Career in education
Immediately on his return from England in 1933, he opted to go into the field of education. He was appointed a lecturer in Physics at Osmania University.

In 1939, at the break of World War, his services were acquired as an expert in education and training by the Hyderabad State for heading "Technical Training and Recruitment Scheme". During this period, he developed this program on an institutional basis. As a result, these schemes were converted into permanent government departments in the Nizam's government. After 1947, the government of India adopted this model and this exists in the form of the ITI (Industrial Training Institute) and Employment Exchange.

National award of "Khan Saheb"
This title was given to him in 1943 by the British government of India, which is equivalent to the title of "Padma Shree" of India today. After independence of India, Syed Ahmed Quadri decided to return this title in deference to the newly independent state of India.

Career in government

By that time, he was recognised as an expert in transportation and logistics. In 1947, he was moved to the Nizam's State Railways. His services were specifically transferred to "Road Transport Department" which is currently known as Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC).

Government career after independence
In 1948, the State of Hyderabad was invaded by the Indian troops, and annexed to India. Syed Ahmed Quadri subsequently became a part of the Indian government and continued to function in a similar capacity in the Road Transport Department.

During State reorganisation scheme in 1957, he was transferred from Hyderabad State to Mysore State and appointed to the post of Chief Traffic Manager of Mysore State. It was during his tenure that he reorganised road transport in the state, and was instrumental in nationalising the road transport and converting it into "Mysore State Road Transport Corporation" (MSRTC), which is now known as "Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation" (KSRTC).

At the age of 58, he retired from Mysore government service in 1966, and opted to return to his native Hyderabad city. He was already well known for his performance, and the Andhra Pradesh government offered to take him as Director of APSRTC to reorganise the passenger services in Andhra Pradesh. He served in this position for nearly a year until 1967 when he joined the UNO.

Career with UNO

In the meantime, he was already being considered as a key technocrat by the United Nations Organization. In January 1967 United Nations Organization (UNO) obtained his valuable services as the "World Food Project Officer". His first assignment that year was based out of Yemen.

During the course of 1967, the security situation in Yemen went out of control with the rebellion against the British in South Yemen, which also led to independence of South Yemen in November 1967. As a result, Mr. Quadri was evacuated from Yemen with other UN staff to Cairo. During the next few months, he was posted temporarily to Cyprus and Rome before he was posted to Amman, Jordan where he remained for three years until 1971. He was then posted to Baghdad until 1975 when he retired from the UNO.

During this period, he was also appointed as UN Advisor to the developing countries of the Middle East of Yemen, Egypt, Jordan and Iraq.

He thus served in the Middle East for a period of 8 years. During this period, he developed a number of schemes which were approved and implemented by United Nations as well as the concerned countries.

While he served in the Middle East, he performed Hajj thrice. During the Hajj of 1972, he was pained to see the loss of lives of some pilgrims due to indiscipline and disorder. As a service to the Hajj authorities and the Muslims at large, he prepared a detailed report in English and Arabic with suggestions on a number of issues to improve services for the Hajj pilgrims. This report was sent through the offices of the United Nations to Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. In subsequent years, most of his proposals were accepted and implemented by the Saudi government. Some of his suggestions included:

1. Construction of two floors over Al-Safa and Al-Marwah to allow maximum number of pilgrims to perform the ritual with ease.
2. Establishment of separate paths for the passage of to and fro traffic between Al-Safa and Al-Marwah.
3. Arrangement of wheel chairs for aged, elderly, weak and handicapped pilgrims for their rituals inside the holy mosque.
4. Construction of a number of roads to Mina and Mount Arafat instead of only one that existed then, by carving different obstructing hillocks to for ease of the ever-increasing Hajj traffic.
5. Establishing separate incoming and outgoing paths and constructing floors over the Jamarat at Mina.
6. Packaging the sacrificial meat for distribution to poor people in other Muslim countries.

Death

Quadri died after a short illness on Wednesday, 16 May 1990 at Hyderabad, and was buried at the ancestral graveyard at Tekmal.

Publications
Syed Ahmed Quadri wrote a number of books on Tekmal, astronomy and numerology in Urdu and English. Some of his books include:
 History of Takemal Dargah, Hyderabad, 1985
 A New Lease of Life to Tekmal, Hyderabad, 1982
 Shajar-i Ghawsiya Tekmal mein, Hyderabad, 1977
 Karamat o Halat, Hyderabad, 1978
 Mysteries of the Hand (a book on palmistry)

Family

Quadri was married first to Mehrunnisa Begum (d. 10 December 2001), a British woman. He had met her during his days as a student in England and brought her back to Hyderabad as his wife in 1933. They had three children: Amina, Syed Asif Quadri, and Syed Arif Quadri. Mehrunnisa Begum returned to the UK after 18 years of marriage, and the couple were divorced in 1950.

Quadri was married to Azeemunnisa Begum (his distant cousin and a widow) from 1953 until her death in 1983.

His third sister was married to Kazi Zainul Abedin.

Footnotes

See also
 List of Indians
 Sayyid Sahib Husayni
 Kazi Zainul Abedin

People from Hyderabad State
Politicians from Hyderabad, India
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Indian people of Arab descent
20th-century Indian Muslims
1908 births
1990 deaths
People from Medak district

Syed Ahmed Quadri


At the eastern end of Westminster Abbey in the Lady Chapel built by King Henry VII is the RAF Chapel dedicated to the men of the Royal Air Force who died in the Battle of Britain between July and October 1940.

History

The chapel received extensive bomb damage during the Battle of Britain in 1940 and its Tudor glass windows were blown out at the same time. A hole made in the stonework has been preserved and covered with glass. The Dean of Westminster was approached early in 1943 by Mr. N. Viner-Brady who suggested the idea of a memorial to The Few and Dean Labilliere chose a small chapel as suitable for the purpose. Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Trenchard and Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh Dowding headed a committee to raise funds for the furnishing of this chapel and for a stained glass window, the Battle of Britain memorial window, which was unveiled by King George VI on 10 July 1947.

Subsequently, the Battle of Britain Roll of Honour was placed in the chapel. It contains the names of the 1,497 pilots and aircrew killed or mortally wounded during the Battle of Britain. Illuminated by calligrapher Daisy Alcock, the original work was paid for by Captain Bruce Ingram. It is paraded annually during the Service of Thanksgiving and Rededication on Battle of Britain Sunday.

The ashes of Trenchard (1956) and Dowding (1970) were interred in the chapel. Notable RAF officers buried elsewhere are commemorated by memorials, e.g. "Bomber" Harris, the man who led RAF Bomber Command during much of the Second World War.

A tradition has grown that the remaining Battle of Britain veterans and their families hold their own, private service in the chapel prior to the Service of Thanksgiving and Rededication on Battle of Britain Sunday.

Service of Thanksgiving and Rededication
The annual service on Battle of Britain Sunday is held in Westminster Abbey on the Sunday on or following Battle of Britain Day (15 September), and has taken place annually since 1943; the first service took place in St Paul's Cathedral and since has taken place in the Abbey.

The format of the service has not changed since 1943.  The Battle of Britain Roll of Honour is paraded through the abbey. Originally, it was escorted by 12 Battle of Britain veterans; today, the escort is made up of six veterans and six serving Junior Officers in the RAF.  The RAF Fighter Command Silk Ensign is also carried through the abbey, borne and escorted by serving Junior RAF Officers from an extant Battle of Britain squadron that is currently operational. The Ensign Bearer always wears the Monypenny Sword, a gift of the widow of Squadron Leader John Blackwell Sinclair Monypenny, who was killed in action in 1940.

The service is a ticket-only event, arranged by the Royal Air Force Ceremonial Office.  Notices are placed in The Times and The Daily Telegraph newspapers in June. Applications can be made in writing to SO3 RAF Ceremonial Events at RAF Northolt by former Battle of Britain aircrew, relatives of Battle of Britain aircrew now deceased (either during the war or since), past or present members of the RAF or its reserve forces and members of the public.

See also
Royal Air Force Chaplains Branch

References

External links

The Royal Air Force Chapel - Westminster Abbey

Royal Air Force
Battle of Britain
British military memorials and cemeteries
Military chapels
Westminster Abbey

RAF Chapel


The International Larix Arboretum is a small arboretum of  dedicated to the scientific study of the larch (Larix) species. It is located within the Coram Experimental Forest, 30 yards SE of the Hungry Horse Ranger station at 10 Hungry Horse Drive Hungry Horse, Montana. The Arboretum is open to the public, without charge, during daylight hours from April to October.

Coram Experimental Forest was established in 1933 on the Flathead National Forest as an area representative of the Western Larch (Larix occidentalis).  While quite similar in appearance to other members of the pine tree family (pinaceae), the larch is not an evergreen.  It is deciduous and its needle-like leaves turn yellow and are shed in the autumn.  In addition, its wood is water resistant and thus used for fence posts, boat building, and exterior cladding.

The Arboretum was dedicated on October 7, 1992 as part of an International Larix Symposium to provide opportunities for species comparisons and genetics research. Species from North America, Asia, and Europe were planted, along with subspecies and hybrids. The Arboretum is organized as three equal-sized blocks, each about 70 by 230 feet (21 by 70 m), with 12 trees of each species, subspecies, and hybrids in each of the three blocks, for a total of nearly 600 trees.

The species planted are European Larch (Larix decidua), Dahurian Larch (Larix gmelinii), Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi), Tamarack Larch (Larix laricina), Subalpine Larch (Larix lyallii), Masters' Larch (Larix mastersiana), Western Larch (Larix occidentalis), Chinese Larch (Larix potaninii), and Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica). Himalayan Larch (Larix griffithii) was also to be planted but seed could not be obtained.

Hybrids planted include L. decidua x L. kaempferi (Larix x marschlinsii; Dunkeld Larch), L. lyallii x L. occidentalis (Bitterroot Larch), and L. occidentalis x L. lyallii (Bitterroot Larch, reverse cross).

References
Schmidt, W. C. & McDonald, K. J., eds. (1995). Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead. Proceedings of an International Symposium. U.S. Dept. of Agric. Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station General Technical Report GTR-INT-319.

External links
Dedication of International Larix Arboretum

See also
 List of botanical gardens in the United States

Arboreta in Montana
Botanical gardens in Montana
Protected areas of Flathead County, Montana

International Larix Arboretum


Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes ( , ; 2 November 1897 – 7 July 1975) was a meteorologist. He is known for his key paper in which he pointed the dynamics of the polar front, mechanism for north-south heat transport and for which he was also awarded a doctorate from the University of Oslo.

Born in Stockholm, Sweden, he was the son of  the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, one of the pioneers of modern weather forecasting. He helped develop the Norwegian cyclone model. He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Oslo in 1924. Bjerknes was part of the team that made the first crossing of the Arctic in the airship Norge. During WWII, he helped the US with the planning of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombings. He also helped gain an understanding of the weather phenomenon El Niño.

Background
Jacob Aall Bonnevie Bjerknes was born in Stockholm, Sweden. His father was the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, one of the pioneers of modern weather forecasting. His paternal grandfather was Norwegian mathematician and physicist Carl Anton Bjerknes. His maternal grandfather was Norwegian politician Jacob Aall Bonnevie, after whom he was named.

Professional career
Bjerknes was part of a group of meteorologists led by his father, Vilhelm Bjerknes, at the University of Leipzig. Together they developed the model that explains the generation, intensification and ultimate decay (the life cycle) of mid-latitude cyclones, introducing the idea of fronts, that is, sharply defined boundaries between air masses. This concept is known as the Norwegian cyclone model.

Bjerknes returned to Norway in 1917, where his father founded the Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen in Bergen. They organized an analysis and forecasting branch which would evolve into a weather bureau by 1919. The scientific team at Bergen also included the Swedish meteorologists Carl-Gustaf Rossby and Tor Bergeron. As pointed out in a key paper by Jacob Bjerknes and Halvor Solberg (1895-1974) in 1922, the dynamics of the polar front, integrated with the cyclone model, provided the major mechanism for north-south heat transport in the atmosphere. For this and other research, Jacob Bjerknes was awarded the Ph.D. from the University of Oslo in 1924.

In 1926, Jacob Bjerknes was a support meteorologist when Roald Amundsen made the first crossing of the Arctic in the airship Norge. In 1931, he left his position as head of the National weather service at Bergen to become professor of meteorology at the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen. Jacob Bjerknes lectured at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during the 1933-1934 school year.

In 1940, he emigrated to the United States , where he headed a government-sponsored meteorology annex for weather forecasting, at the department of physics of the University of California, Los Angeles. During the Second World War Bjerknes was in the US armed forces, and serving as a colonel in the US Air Force he helped determine the best dates for the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Bjerknes founded the UCLA Department of Meteorology (now the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences). As a professor at the University of California, he was the first to see a connection between unusually warm sea-surface temperatures and the weak easterlies and heavy rainfall that accompany . At UCLA, Bjerknes and fellow Norwegian-American meteorologist, Jorgen Holmboe, further developed the pressure tendency and the extratropical cyclone theories.

In 1969, Jacob Bjerknes helped toward an understanding of El Niño Southern Oscillation, by suggesting that an anomalously warm spot in the eastern Pacific can weaken the east-west temperature difference, disrupting trade winds, which push warm water to the west. The result is increasingly warm water toward the east.

Personal life
In 1928, he married Hedvig Borthen (1904–1998). They were the parents of two children. He died on 7 July 1975 in Los Angeles, California.

Honors and awards
He was made an Honorary Member of the Royal Meteorological Society in 1932 and a member of both the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in 1933.

Royal Meteorological Society - Symons Gold Medal (1940)
American Geophysical Union - William Bowie Medal (1945)
 Knight 1st Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav (1947).
Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography - Vega medal (1958)
World Meteorological Organization - International Meteorological Organization Prize (1959).
American Meteorological Society - Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal (1960)
National Medal of Science (1966)
American Academy of Achievement - Golden Plate Award (1967)

References

External links
Biographie de Jacob Bjerknes by Arnt Eliassen
Tribute to J. Bjerknes on the 100th anniversary of his birth
Jacob Bjerknes photograph
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

1897 births
1975 deaths
National Medal of Science laureates
Norwegian meteorologists
Norwegian climatologists
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal recipients
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal
Jakob
Bonnevie family

Jacob Bjerknes