St Martin's Church is a Grade II listed parish church in the Church of England in Bole, Nottinghamshire.

History

The church dates from the 13th century. It was restored in 1866 by Ewan Christian.

Bells
There are three bells at St Martin's Church.

The three bells are in a wooden frame for three bells with traditional fittings in a dilapidated state, making them unringable. The treble weighs 4 cwt, dated 1611 and cast by Henry II Oldfield, the second weighs 4.5 cwt, dated 1500+ and cast by John Seliok. The tenor weighs 5.5 cwt, dated 1611 and cast by Henry II Oldfield. The bells are rung from ground floor.

Clock
There is evidence of there once being a clock at St Martin's church. The room under the bells is where the clock would have been situated. There is a picture of the church that was given to a vicar in the Second World War, that showed a clock face on the south side of the tower.

Clays Group of Churches

St John the Baptist, Clarborough
St Peter, Hayton
St Peter & St Paul, North Wheatley
St Peter & St Paul, Sturton le Steeple ;and
St Martin, Bole

The Church of England church and the Methodist chapel in North Wheatley are now known as "Church in Wheatley". At South Wheatley there are ruins of the church of St Helen.

Clergy
The Clays Group has the one Vicar, the Team Vicar, Rev M Cantrill who has the responsibility of all the above parishes. He is an ordained Church of England and Methodist Minister. He has the responsibility of Grove Street Methodist church, Retford. The Clays Group has a Lay Reader.

Vicars of Bole

Although a church at Bole was mentioned in Domesday Book, the names of most of its clergy before the late 14th century have been lost.  Prior to 1864 the vicars had been non-resident in the parish for about two hundred years.  Hence most of the routine work during this period would probably have been carried out by assistant curates.

1317-?  Roger de Nassington (still vicar in 1335)
              (some names missing)
1377 John Attewell
1390 Gilbert Thynne (or Gilbert Tymme)
1429 John Pye
1443 Henry Marschall
1445 Richard Mydelom
1447 Thomas Mirfelde
1449 William Harrison
1451 Thomas Pesse
 ? ?      William Worsley
1453 Robert Walker
1468 Robert Hogley
1474 Richard Nicholl
1483 Stephen Hobson
1485 Thomas Watson
1499 Thomas Randesby
1501 Simon Spynk
1503 John Clewgh
1522 Leonard Bower
1551 John Hudson
1558 Edmund Wingreve
1576 Robert Rogers
1598 John Noble
1599 Richard Molton
1619 Roland Campion
1624 Edward Barnes
1629 William Lacye
1632 Richard Baylye
1639 Nicholas Browne
1669 Stephen Maisters
1687 Robert Ward
1691 John Battersby
1711 William Ellay (Ella)
1714 Thomas Smith, BA (Cantab.); buried 17 May 1731 at North Leverton
1731 Charles Henchman BA, MA, instituted 15 December 1731/16 December 1731; died 23 November 1780; monumental inscription in Chester Cathedral)
1780 William Davis
1811 William Singleton
1836 James Henry Willan, MA, (non-resident; lived at Gainsborough where he also served as master of the Grammar School. Monumental inscription, 1858, in Bole churchyard)
1858 Henry Stockdale (formerly Perpetual Curate of Misterton; established Bole School and built The Vicarage)
1873 Thomas Henry Craster
1886 Frederick Harcourt Hillersden
1891 Thomas Holland Chadwick
1913 George Bird
1926 Donald Thomas Glasford
1941 John Thomas Gordon
1947 William Henry Marshall
1954 Arthur Llewelyn Thomas (he and his successors were also vicars of Sturton-le-Steeple with Littleborough)
1959 Charles John Llewelyn Jones
1965 John Norman Darrall
1966 Lawrence Rex Rowland Harris (later Rector of Clowne, Derbyshire)
1972 John Ford (he and his successors were additionally in charge of North Wheatley and South Wheatley)
1979 Adrian Butt
1986 Anthony Reader-Moore
1994 Michael Weston Briggs (also in charge of Clarborough from 2003; the various parishes eventually became known as the Clays Group). Retired 2005.

Latterly Bole has become part of the Retford Team Ministry.

Assistant Curates have included:

1823 John Mickle Lit 14 February 1823 Curate (Subscription on Appointment, ordained Deacon 1815 and Priest 1817).  Later Vicar of South Leverton.
1829 James Stovin BA Licensed 26 July 1829 Curate
1831 Thomas Curston BA Licensed 6 June 1831 Curate

The Vicarage
Bole has a former Vicarage dating to 1864, but not used as such since 1965. It is now known as "Bole House" and was sold once again in 2009.

See also
Listed buildings in Bole, Nottinghamshire

References

13th-century church buildings in England
Church of England church buildings in Nottinghamshire
Grade II listed churches in Nottinghamshire
Bassetlaw District

St Martin's Church, Bole


Ulf Michael Widenius (often called Monty; born 3 March 1962, in Helsinki, Finland) is the main author of the original version of the open source MySQL database, a founding member of the MySQL AB company and CTO of the MariaDB Corporation AB. Additionally, he is a founder and general partner at venture capital firm OpenOcean.

Biography

Early years
Widenius went to the co-educational school Broban, which was first merged into Minervaskolan and later to Lönnbeckska gymnasiet.  After dropping out of Helsinki University of Technology, Widenius started working for Tapio Laakso Oy in 1981. In 1985 he founded TCX DataKonsult AB (a Swedish data warehousing company) with Allan Larsson. In 1995 he began writing the first version of the MySQL database with David Axmark, released in 1996. He is the co-author of the MySQL Reference Manual, published by O'Reilly in June 2002; and in 2003 he was awarded the Finnish Software Entrepreneur of the Year prize.

Until MySQL AB's sale to Sun Microsystems in 2008, he was the chief technical officer of MySQL AB. After the acquisition, he remained one of the primary forces behind the ongoing development of MySQL.

MySQL acquired by Sun
Widenius sold MySQL to Sun in January 2008, earning about €16.6 million in capital gains in 2008 (€16.8 million total income), making him one of the top 10 highest earners in Finland that year.

After Sun
In 2008, Widenius established venture capital firm OpenOcean with his MySQL AB colleague Patrik Backman and early advisors Tom Henriksson and Ralf Wahlsten.

On 5 February 2009, he announced that he was leaving Sun in order to create his own company.

On 12 December 2009, Widenius asked MySQL customers to lobby the European Commission (EC), regarding Oracle's acquisition of Sun, citing concerns about potential Oracle control of MySQL; this resulted in an online petition campaign called "Save MySQL".

After leaving Sun, he formed Monty Program Ab and forked MySQL into MariaDB, named after his youngest daughter, Maria. It includes several patches and plugins developed by the company itself or the community. One of these plugins is the Aria storage engine, which was renamed from Maria to avoid confusion with MariaDB. Monty Program Ab merged with SkySQL, who later renamed themselves MariaDB Corporation. He is also CTO of the MariaDB Foundation, the non-profit organisation charged with promoting, protecting and advancing the MariaDB codebase, community, and ecosystem.

The Open Database Alliance, also known as ODBA, was founded in 2009 by the Monty Program and Percona. According to its first announcement, "the Open Database Alliance will comprise a collection of companies working together to provide the software, support and services for MariaDB, an enterprise-grade, community-developed branch of MySQL".

Personal life
Widenius lives in Kauniainen, Finland with his second wife Anna and his youngest daughter, Maria. Widenius has three children – My, Max, and Maria – who inspired the names for MySQL, MaxDB and the MySQL-Max distribution, and MariaDB.

References

External links

Swedish-speaking Finns
Free software programmers
1962 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Helsinki
Finnish computer programmers
Technology company founders
Aalto University alumni

Michael Widenius


Lawrence "Larry" Reynolds Pugh (January 22, 1933 – December 3, 2015) was an American businessman, who became chief executive officer of the VF Corporation, and former director at Unum and Black & Decker.  In his retirement, he served on boards at Colby College, the Harold Alfond Foundation, and the Portland Museum of Art, and the U.S. Biathlon Association.

He died on December 3, 2015 at the age of 82 in Naples, Florida.

References

2015 deaths
American business executives
Colby College alumni
1933 births

Lawrence Pugh


Micro black holes are very small black holes. Because they are small, they may shrink and disappear due to Hawking radiation. They may exist in nature as primordial black holes.

Detection
If a micro black hole decays, it would create particles that we could see. The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is looking for gamma rays that might come from micro black holes in outer space.

Man-made black holes
If two particles with enough energy collide, they may create a black hole. Some scientists think the LHC can create one.

Safety
If the LHC did create a micro black hole, it would disappear immediately, and would not be dangerous. Cosmic rays hitting the Earth's atmosphere may already create these. If dangerous micro black holes are created by cosmic rays, then the Earth would already be damaged. Because the Earth is not damaged by black holes, scientists think they are not dangerous. This thought is like the Anthropic principle.

References

Cosmology
Quantum mechanics
Black holes

Micro black hole


The Austin Maestro is a compact-sized 5-door hatchback (an van derivative) that wis produced frae 1983 tae 1994, initially bi the Austin Rover subsidiary o Breetish Leyland (BL), an frae 1988 onwards bi successor organisation Rover Group. The caur wis produced at the umwhile Morris plant in Cowley, Oxford. It wis initially sauld as an Austin an an MG. Later models hae whiles been referred tae as the Rover Maestro, but the model never wore the Rover badge.

Maestro

Austin Maestro


Castilleja salsuginosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Orobanchaceae known by the common name Monte Neva Indian paintbrush. It is endemic to Nevada in the United States, where it is known from two populations, one in White Pine County and another in Eureka County. The two occurrences of this plant are located about  apart within the Great Basin. There are only about 275 individuals.

This plant grows up to about  tall. It is entirely brown or purplish to gray in color. In June and July it bears inflorescences of cream and pink colored bracts and flowers. It is very similar to Castilleja nana. It is possible that it is part of that species.

This plant grows in two locations in Nevada's alkaline meadows. It grows around hot springs on salty, wet soils. The local elevation is about . Other plants in the habitat may include Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Chrysothamnus nauseosus, and Sporobolus airoides.

This rare plant faces several threats, including livestock, horses, pronghorn, off-road vehicles, geothermal development, land conversion, water diversion, and climate change.

References

External links

salsuginosa
Flora of Nevada

Castilleja salsuginosa


The mathematical discipline of topological combinatorics is the application of topological and algebro-topological methods to solving problems in combinatorics.

History
The discipline of combinatorial topology used combinatorial concepts in topology and in the early 20th century this turned into the field of algebraic topology.

In 1978 the situation was reversed—methods from algebraic topology were used to solve a problem in combinatorics—when László Lovász proved the Kneser conjecture, thus beginning the new field of topological combinatorics. Lovász's proof used the Borsuk–Ulam theorem and this theorem retains a prominent role in this new field. This theorem has many equivalent versions and analogs and has been used in the study of fair division problems.

In another application of homological methods to graph theory, Lovász proved both the undirected and directed versions of a conjecture of András Frank: Given a k-connected graph G, k points , and k positive integers  that sum up to , there exists a partition  of  such that , , and  spans a connected subgraph.

In 1987 the necklace splitting problem was solved by Noga Alon using the Borsuk–Ulam theorem. It has also been used to study complexity problems in linear decision tree algorithms and the Aanderaa–Karp–Rosenberg conjecture. Other areas include topology of partially ordered sets and Bruhat orders.

Additionally, methods from differential topology now have a combinatorial analog in discrete Morse theory.

See also
Sperner's lemma
Discrete exterior calculus
Topological graph theory
Combinatorial topology
Finite topological space

References
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Further reading
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Combinatorics
Topology
Algebraic topology

Topological combinatorics


Events from the year 1703 in Ireland.

Incumbent
Monarch: Anne

Events
June 11 – Charles Hickman is consecrated as Church of Ireland Bishop of Derry.
September 11 – a privateering expedition comprising the ships St George and Cinque Ports commanded by William Dampier leaves Kinsale for South America.
Parliament of Ireland assembles, the first under Anne, Queen of Great Britain, and the first for five years.
Popery Act (An Act to prevent the further Growth of Popery), enacted by the Parliament of Ireland, reintroduces gavelkind: when a Roman Catholic dies, his estate is to be divided equally among his sons (legitimate or otherwise) if they retain their Catholic faith.
Treason Act (Ireland) 1703, enacted by the Parliament of Ireland, enforces the Protestant line of succession to the British throne.
Sir Robert Doyne is appointed as Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas.
The Parliament of Ireland investigates the possibility of improving navigation on the rivers Shannon and Barrow and constructing a Newry Canal.

Births
January 22 (in France) – Antoine Walsh, slave trader and Jacobite (d. 1763 in San Domingo)
February 5 – Gilbert Tennent, Presbyterian pastor in Colonial America (d. 1764)
March 1 – Philip Tisdall, lawyer and politician (d. 1777)
September 29 – Philip Syng, silversmith (d. 1789 in the United States)
Arthur Gore, 1st Earl of Arran, politician (d. 1773)
John Ussher, politician (d. 1749)
Approximate date
John Blakeney, politician (d. 1747)
Samuel Boyse, poet (d. 1749)
Henry Brooke, novelist and dramatist (d. 1783)
George Faulkner, publisher and bookseller (d. 1775)

Deaths

References

Years of the 18th century in Ireland
Ireland
1700s in Ireland

1703 in Ireland


Genomics is the part of genetics which studies the genomes of organisms. This includes the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping. The field also includes studies of genes working together. Examples are heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome.

Genomics applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyze the function and structure of genomes. This is the complete set of DNA within a single cell of an organism).  In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research. Research of single genes unless it involves the entire genome.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency has a somewhat broader definition:
"The term "genomics" encompasses a broader scope of scientific inquiry associated technologies than when genomics was initially considered. A genome is the sum total of all an individual organism's genes. Thus, genomics is the study of all the genes of a cell, or tissue, at the DNA (genotype), mRNA (transcriptome), or protein (proteome) levels".

References

Branches of genetics

Genomics


Thusitha Jayasundera (born 1971) is a Sri Lankan actress who lives in the United Kingdom. She attended an all-girls school run by Australian missionaries, and graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1993.

Jayasundera played Tushura 'Tash' Bandara in the BBC hospital drama Holby City for three years from December 1999 to June 2002. She played DS Ramani De Costa in the ITV police drama The Bill from 2003 to 2006, and DS Ayesha Masood in the BBC series Silent Witness.

She appeared in the National Theatre adaptation of Michael Morpurgo's novel, War Horse. In 2009 she appeared in the play Dreams of Violence by Stella Feehily for Out of Joint and Soho Theatre.

In 2015, she played Ros Mahendra in the BBC drama Doctor Foster. On 17 March 2019, Jayasundera appeared in Midsomer Murders in the episode "Death of the Small Coppers".

In December 2020, she was cast in the Amazon Prime Video series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power, which premiered on 2 September 2022.

References

External links

Dreams of Violence
 RADA

1971 births
Living people
British television actresses
Sri Lankan emigrants to the United Kingdom
Sri Lankan television actresses
Alumni of RADA

Thusitha Jayasundera


Vivian Stanshall (born Victor Anthony Stanshall; 21 March 1943 – 5 March 1995) was an English singer-songwriter, musician, author, poet and wit, best known for his work with the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, for his exploration of the British upper classes in Sir Henry at Rawlinson End (as a radio series for John Peel, as an audio recording, as a book and as a film), and for acting as Master of Ceremonies on Mike Oldfield's album Tubular Bells.

Early life and education
Stanshall was born on 21 March 1943 at the Radcliffe Maternity Home Shillingford, Oxfordshire, son of Victor George Stanshall (1909–1990; born Vivian), at the time of his son's birth an RAF corporal, later a company secretary, then company director (FCIS), and Eileen Monica Prudence (née Wadeson). He was christened Victor Anthony. He lived with his mother while his father served in the RAF during the Second World War. Stanshall described this early period as the happiest time of his childhood.

When the war ended his father returned, but the young Victor found him difficult and comparatively stern after having been alone with his mother. His father made him speak with a "plummy" accent for which he later became known. The family moved to the father's hometown of Walthamstow, Essex, where Stanshall's younger brother Mark was born in 1949. With six years between them, the brothers were never close.

Stanshall studied at Walthamstow College of Art, where he met fellow students Ian Dury and Peter Greenaway.

When he was 10, the Stanshall family moved to the Essex coastal town of Leigh-on-Sea. He attended Southend High School for Boys until 1959. As a young man, Stanshall (known as Vic) earned money doing various odd jobs at the Kursaal fun fair in nearby Southend-on-Sea. These included working as a bingo caller and spending the winter painting the fairground attractions. To set aside enough money to get through art school (his father having refused to fund this), Stanshall spent a year in the Merchant Navy. He said he was a very bad waiter, but became a great teller of tall tales.

Stanshall enrolled at the Central School of Art and Design in London. He joined fellow students in forming a band (including Rodney Slater, Roger Ruskin Spear and Neil Innes, who was studying art at Goldsmiths College). Innes said of their first meeting: "We first met in a big Irish pub in South London, the New Cross Arms ... he was quite plump in those days, and he was wearing Billy Bunter check trousers, a Victorian frock coat, black coat tails, horrible little oval, violet-tinted pince-nez glasses, he had a euphonium under his arm, and large rubber false ears. And I thought, well, this is an interesting character." At about this time, Stanshall changed his first name to 'Vivian', the name his father had abandoned. This was not made his legal name until 1977. Those who knew him from his student days continued to call him 'Vic'. Later friends and collaborators knew him as 'Viv'.

Bonzo years

The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band were named after a word game that Stanshall played with co-founder Slater, in which they cut up sentences and juxtaposed fragments to form new ones. 'Bonzo Dog/Dada' was one result which they liked. The band initially performed under this name, but grew tired of explaining what Dada meant; hence they changed it to the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, 'doo-dah' being a quaint expression that both Slater's mother and Stanshall himself used to describe everyday objects. Later this name was shortened to The Bonzo Dog Band, or just The Bonzos.

Much of the band's original repertoire was based on comedic re-workings of songs from the 1920s and 1930s, found on 78 records, bought for pennies from local flea markets.

For a while the band operated semi-professionally, playing local pubs and the college circuit. After acquiring a manager, they went full-time and were booked on the working men's club circuit, mainly in the north of England. The band dominated their lives, as they frequently travelled to low-paying gigs in an old van crammed with any number of musical instruments, an assortment of props, and prop robots. In 1967, they appeared in the Beatles' television film Magical Mystery Tour, in which they played Stanshall's "Death Cab for Cutie" during the strip club scene. The appearance led to a spot as the house band on Do Not Adjust Your Set, a weekly children's television revue series that was also notable for early appearances by half of what became the Monty Python team.

According to their manager/agent Gerry Bron, after a perhaps ill-advised agreement that the band should be left to their own artistic devices, Stanshall was allowed several weeks in a hired rehearsal space to write songs for the new Bonzo Dog Band album. When Bron arrived at the location to check the progress of these endeavours, he found that Stanshall had not written anything at all and had instead built a variety of hutches for his pet rabbits. Bron mentioned in a television documentary that this occurred in May 1968 in a hall in Acton, west London; the actual location is Askew Road Church Hall, at the start of Bassein Park Road in Shepherd's Bush. The date would suggest that these were rehearsals for the album The Doughnut in Granny's Greenhouse. During recordings for the album proper at Morgan Studios, Stanshall, wearing just a rabbit's head and underpants, interviewed members of the public in Willesden High Road. On the album track "We Are Normal", one interviewee can be heard to remark, 'He's got a head on him like a rabbit.'

Later in 1968, the Bonzos scored a surprise top-ten hit with "I'm the Urban Spaceman" co-produced by Paul McCartney and Gus Dudgeon under the alias 'Apollo C. Vermouth'. Meanwhile the band toured incessantly and recorded a multitude of radio sessions for the BBC, alongside several albums. They also embarked upon two poorly organised but well-received tours of the United States. (Neil Innes remembers that the band were stopped by a local sheriff and asked if they were carrying any firearms or drugs. When they denied both, the officer asked how they were going to defend themselves. Stanshall piped up from the back of the minibus, "With good manners!") It was during the particularly disastrously organised second tour that the Bonzos decided to break up, partly because of Stanshall's growing stage fright – combined with his increasing use of valium to help combat this – but also because of anger with their management, after Spear's wife suffered a miscarriage while he was away, and no-one informed him. The band subsequently decided to split whilst they were still friends. They played their last show in March 1970, at Loughborough University.

After the Bonzos
Stanshall formed a number of short-lived groups during 1970 alone, including biG GRunt (formed while the Bonzos were still on their farewell tour, and including fellow Bonzos Roger Ruskin Spear and Dennis Cowan, and with Anthony 'Bubs' White on guitar), The Sean Head Showband (again featuring Cowan and White), Gargantuan Chums, and the slightly longer-lived Bonzo Dog Freaks, with Innes and the ever-faithful Cowan and White (this conglomerate was also known simply as 'Freaks'). Early that year, biG GRunt recorded a well-received session for BBC Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel, and shortly afterwards made a memorable appearance on BBC television. Despite this promising start, biG GRunt dissolved during their first UK tour when Stanshall became incapacitated by the onset of an anxiety disorder that caused a nervous breakdown and would continue to plague him for the rest of his life.

However, he soon recovered sufficiently to record and release, on the Liberty label, his first solo single "Labio-Dental Fricative/Paper Round", credited to Vivian Stanshall and The Sean Head Showband (an oblique reference to Stanshall having shaved off all of his hair during his breakdown), and featuring Eric Clapton on guitar. Later in the year, his single version of Terry Stafford's song "Suspicion", credited to Vivian Stanshall and Gargantuan Chums and featuring Keith Moon and John Entwistle of the Who, was released. Featured on the B-side was "Blind Date", the only officially released track by biG GRunt. (However, all of Stanshall's backing bands of 1970 featured the same core personnel, so it could be argued that they were essentially the same band, masquerading under a variety of names.)

In early 1971, Stanshall reunited again with Innes, Cowan and White as 'Freaks' to tour new material. In order to promote ticket sales, they were more often than not billed as 'Bonzo Dog Freaks'. With Keith Moon guesting on drums, Freaks quickly recorded a BBC radio session for John Peel that featured solo numbers by Stanshall and Innes alongside tracks from Let's Make Up And Be Friendly, the Bonzos' yet-to-be recorded contractual obligation/reunion album of 1972. The session is also notable for marking the first appearance in any medium of an episode of Stanshall's magnum opus, Rawlinson End. Stanshall also found time during this period to be a founder member of the performance/poetry/music group Grimms, alongside Innes, The Scaffold and associated poets and musicians. Although Stanshall left Grimms before they made any recordings, he did continue to perform live with them on occasion.

Throughout this period, still suffering badly with anxiety and now drinking heavily to self-medicate, Stanshall nonetheless continued to write, record and tour with Freaks and Grimms (and briefly as guest touring frontman for The Temperance Seven in 1972). He was also a regular guest, broadcaster and presenter on numerous series on BBC radio.

Despite his ongoing personal difficulties, Stanshall's humorous exploits continued unabated. His adventures with long-time drinking buddy Keith Moon (who would become Stanshall's regular partner in crime for much of the 1970s after producing and appearing on Stanshall's single "Suspicion") were legendary. In one quite possibly apocryphal example, Stanshall visited a tailor's shop where he admired a pair of trousers on display. Moon then arrived, posing as another customer, and admired the same trousers, demanding to buy them. When Stanshall protested, the two men fought and split the trousers in two, so that they ended up with one leg each; the tailor, understandably, became furious. Then, a one-legged actor – hired by Stanshall and Moon – arrived, saw the split trousers, and proclaimed: "Ah! Just what I was looking for! I'll buy them!"

Thanks to his association with John Peel, in 1971 Stanshall was asked to fill in for the disc jockey while he was on a month's holiday. The resulting short series, titled Vivian Stanshall's Radio Flashes, was recorded under the supervision of Peel's regular producer John Walters and broadcast on BBC Radio One on Saturday afternoons during August 1971. The series of four two-hour programmes were a mix of music and specially written and recorded comedic sketches. Of the original four episodes, only episodes 2, 3 and 4 remain in the BBC archives; these were re-broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra in 2014 and again in 2016. All four episodes and a Christmas 1971 compilation special have also circulated among collectors as low-quality, edited off-air recordings since the 1970s. Contributors to the sketches in Radio Flashes included Moon, Traffic's Jim Capaldi and actress Chris Bowler. The sketches included a four-part serial adventure titled "Breath From The Pit", featuring the surreal exploits of a Dick Barton or Bulldog Drummond-style gentleman adventurer, Colonel Knutt (played by Stanshall) and his working-class sidekick, the 'likeable cheeky cockney, Lemmy'. This character was a thinly-veiled parody of the character of the same name from Charles Chilton's Journey into Space, with Moon playing the role of Lemmy.

Rawlinson End
Stanshall had developed what many consider to be his seminal work, Rawlinson End, as a spoken word performance piece during the first few years of the 1970s, recording an early version as part of The Bonzo Dog Band's reunion project Let's Make Up And Be Friendly. Beginning in 1975, he expanded upon the concept as an episodic surrealist radio serial for BBC Radio 1's John Peel slot, elaborating further upon the weird and wonderful adventures of the inebriated and blimpish Sir Henry Rawlinson, his wife, the distanced and ethereal Florrie, his "unusual" brother Hubert, loyal manservant Old Scrotum 'the wrinkled retainer', the rambling and unhygienic cook Mrs E.; and many other inhabitants of the crumbling Rawlinson End and its environs. Stanshall had been playing around with the Rawlinson characters for some time, and they were first referred to on the Bonzos' 1967 number, "The Intro and the Outro": 'Great to hear the Rawlinsons on trombone.'

In 1978, Stanshall released an album, Sir Henry at Rawlinson End, that reworked some material from the Peel sessions. This in turn was adapted into a film version in 1980, which was produced in a sepia-tinted black-and-white. It starred Trevor Howard as Sir Henry, and Stanshall as Hubert. Some of the film's music was provided in collaboration with Stanshall's friend Steve Winwood. A book of the same title – by Stanshall, illustrated with stills from the film – was published by Eel Pie Publishing in 1980. Nominally a film novelisation, it was distilled from the various versions and included considerable material that did not make it to the film. A projected second book, The Eating at Rawlinson End, was never completed.

A second Rawlinson album, Sir Henry at N'didi's Kraal (1984), recounts Sir Henry's disastrous African expedition, omitting the rest of the Rawlinson clan. At the time, Stanshall was living on The Searchlight, a houseboat that he had bought from Denny Laine and kept moored near Shepperton on the River Thames. He lived on The Searchlight from 1977 to 1983, and recorded and produced the second 'Sir Henry' album on it during a period of debilitating physical illness. The album was disowned by Stanshall after its release, as he said it was both unfinished and unsatisfactory, and that the record label had rush-released it without his permission in an attempt to profit from his potentially imminent demise.

However, the noticeably superior BBC radio broadcasts continued sporadically until late 1991. In the same year, a temporarily rejuvenated Stanshall embarked upon a nationwide concert tour, titled 'Rawlinson Dog Ends', with support from former Bonzos and centred around a performance of new Rawlinson End material.

'Sir Henry' was last seen in a television commercial for Ruddles Real Ale (c. 1994), where he was portrayed by a cross-dressing Dawn French, presiding over a family banquet at a long table; shortly afterwards, Stanshall himself reprised the role of Hubert, reciting a poem loosely based on Edward Lear's "The Owl and the Pussycat".

During this same period, Stanshall embarked upon the recording of a proposed new Rawlinson End album, but this activity was curtailed in its early stages by its creator's untimely death in March 1995. After this, BBC Radio 4 retrieved some of the original Peel show recordings from the vaults for late-night repeat during Christmas 1996.

1970s
Stanshall regularly performed live with Grimms, as well as occasionally working with The Alberts and The Temperance Seven during the first few years of the decade. He was also a frequent contributor to BBC radio at this time, appearing weekly on Start The Week and Jack de Manio Precisely, and also on the BBC television satire series Up Sunday.

In 1973, Stanshall recorded tracks for the soundtrack album of the movie That'll Be the Day backed by Moon, Ronnie Wood, Graham Bond and Jack Bruce, and collaborated on numerous musical projects, making a memorable appearance as the Master of Ceremonies on Mike Oldfield's 1973 album Tubular Bells. (He reprised the role for Tubular Bells II in 1992, but the final release featured Alan Rickman instead.) Stanshall made guest appearances on a number of other artists' recordings including John Entwistle's Smash Your Head Against The Wall in 1971, Mike Hart's Basher, Chalky, Pongo and Me in 1972, Pete Brown's The Not Forgotten Association in 1973, and Robert Calvert's 1974 concept album Captain Lockheed and the Starfighters.

In early 1974, Stanshall wrote, arranged, and quickly recorded his first solo album, Men Opening Umbrellas Ahead. A rather more serious work than many would have expected, its darkly comic lyrics detailed Stanshall's alcoholism and troubled emotional state, laced with surreal poetic imagery and literary reference. Other lyrics included implicit references to other musicians and the music business, and a rather more explicit satire of the author's relationship with his own penis. Musically, while certain tracks display Stanshall's usual keen sense of rock and roll parody, most of the album has a 'tribal' or 'fusion' flavour. Prominently featuring the Nigerian musician Gasper Lawal and with many tracks infused with richly textured African percussion and chorus vocal stylings, the album (and its contemporary single "Lakonga") can justifiably lay claim to being an early, unheralded example of a crossover between world music and rock music. Stanshall's long-standing friends and colleagues Innes, White, Traffic's Steve Winwood, Jim Capaldi, Ric Grech and Rebop Kwaku Baah, Doris Troy and Madeline Bell also made notable guest appearances. Deleted after its first pressing and out of print for many years, the album was finally re-released on CD in 2012.

The BBC documentary One Man's Week, broadcast on 9 April 1975, documented a week in Stanshall's life and included footage of him at The Manor recording studio during the sessions for Men Opening Umbrellas Ahead, where he played with White, Lawal, Mongezi Feza, and Derek (or Deryk) Quinn.

In 1975, Stanshall provided the narration for Peter and the Wolf, produced by Robin Lumley and Jack Lancaster and featuring, among others, Gary Moore, Manfred Mann, Phil Collins, Bill Bruford, Stéphane Grappelli, Alvin Lee, Cozy Powell, Brian Eno and Jon Hiseman. 1976 saw the release of his single "The Young Ones", where the old Cliff Richard standard was delivered in the style of Boris Karloff.

In 1977, Stanshall and his companion, Pamela 'Ki' Longfellow, moved into a houseboat, The Searchlight, moored on the Thames between Chertsey and Shepperton. During this period, Stanshall compiled and re-recorded material from his popular BBC Radio 1 broadcasts for Peel, which was released as Sir Henry at Rawlinson End in 1978. He also wrote the script for the film adaptation of the same name, later produced for Tony Stratton Smith's Charisma Records company in 1980.

1980s

Following 'Sir Henry', Stanshall wrote the songs for his third album Teddy Boys Don't Knit (1981), which included three songs about his family, and contributed a lyric to Winwood's Arc of a Diver. He and Longfellow married in 1980, and together they wrote some of the songs they later used for a musical comedy, Stinkfoot, a Comic Opera.

In 1982, Stanshall provided a spoken word segment on "Lovely Money", a single by The Damned.

After The Searchlight eventually sank, the Stanshalls lived and worked on The Thekla, a Baltic Trader, which Ki sailed 732 nautical miles (1,356 km) from Sunderland to be moored in the Bristol Docks. Ki had bought the vessel and converted her into a floating theatre called 'The Old Profanity Showboat'. Stanshall joined her on it in 1983, when they opened the doors of the theatre. By this time, he was already suffering from alcohol and drug abuse, having become addicted to Valium while trying to control his anxiety.

In December 1985, The Old Profanity Showboat produced the debut of their work Stinkfoot, A Comic Opera. Stanshall wrote 27 original songs for the opera, sharing book and lyric writing with his wife. It has proved popular over the years, and was revived in London some years later, with Peter Moss as musical director. It was also produced in concert form in Bristol, in July 2010.

Having returned to London alone in 1986 while his wife recovered from an illness, Stanshall saw Stinkfoot briefly, but unsuccessfully, revived at the Bloomsbury Theatre. After this, he returned to the stage again, touring in a solo show, 'Rawlinson Dog-Ends', initially with support from musicians including Jack Bruce. When Bruce quit, over a lack of adequate rehearsals, Moss stepped in to provide bass.

Marriage and family
In 1968, Stanshall married fellow art student Monica Peiser, and their son Rupert was born that year. They divorced in 1975.

On 9 September 1980, Stanshall married Pamela 'Ki' Longfellow, an American writer who had a daughter from an earlier relationship. The Stanshalls had a daughter, Silky, born on 16 August 1979, before they married; she was named after Silky Sullivan, a racehorse that was a childhood favourite of her mother. Stanshall celebrated Silky's birth in "The Tube", and his marriage to Ki in "Bewilderbeeste", both songs being included on his album Teddy Boys Don't Knit. He later gave his wife the name of 'Ki' from a dream. Even though their comic opera Stinkfoot was a success in late 1985, Stanshall returned alone to London after the turn of the year, while Longfellow recuperated from an illness brought on by overwork and stress. The Stanshalls lived apart until his sudden death in March 1995.

Years later, Longfellow wrote The Illustrated Vivian Stanshall: A Fairytale of Grimm Art, detailing Stanshall's life and work from 1977 to 1995.

Memoirs
In 1991, Stanshall made a 15-minute autobiographical piece called Vivian Stanshall: The Early Years, a.k.a. Crank, for BBC2's The Late Show. He confessed to having been terrified of his father, who he said had always disapproved of him. His last television appearance, on The Late Show, was broadcast on 27 November that year.

A programme for BBC Radio 4, Vivian Stanshall: Essex Teenager to Renaissance Man (1994) included an interview with his mother. She insisted his father had loved him. Stanshall said on the same programme that his father had never shown it, not even on his deathbed.

Death
Stanshall was found dead on the morning of 6 March 1995, after an electrical fire had broken out as he slept in his top-floor flat in Muswell Hill, north London. His private funeral service was held at the Golders Green Crematorium, north London. A few days later his memorial service was held at St Patrick's Church, Soho Square.

A memorial plaque was unveiled in the Poets' Corner at Golders Green Crematorium on 13 December 2015, opposite that of his friend Keith Moon, by his widow Ki and his daughter Silky. Others attending included actor Tony Slattery, singer Linda Thompson and actress Cherri Gilham. The cost of the plaque was met by many of his fans and friends via online crowdfunding.

Legacy and honours
Writing in The Independent after Stanshall's death, Chris Welch wrote: "Seen by some as a wild eccentric, and a powerful personality who could be both charming and intimidating, Stanshall was perhaps too large a figure even for the music business to handle. ... He needed a producer to channel his energies, but always wanted to remain his own boss, having suffered too many perceived indignities in his early experience of the music business." He was described by Neil Innes as "a national treasure".

In 2001, Welch and Lucian Randall wrote a biography titled Ginger Geezer: The Life of Vivian Stanshall. In the same year, Jeremy Pascall and Stephen Fry produced a documentary about Stanshall for BBC Radio 4. Fry knew Stanshall quite well and, along with his personal thoughts, introduced a series of reminiscences. The show featured many clips from Stanshall's work. The recording includes one of Stanshall's last poems, titled "With My Mouth Turned Down for the Night".

In 2003, Sea Urchin Editions published the script of the Stanshalls' Stinkfoot: An English Comic Opera, with an introduction by his widow, Ki.

On 22 December 2009, BBC Radio 4's series Great Lives featured a programme on Stanshall, who had been nominated by Neil Innes, with Ki Longfellow as expert witness, hosted by Matthew Parris.

In June 2010, the 1978 album Sir Henry at Rawlinson End was re-imagined by Michael Livesley as a one-man show, in which he starred as the narrator and all the characters, backed by a six-piece band replicating the instrumentation of the original. The production won rave reviews, then premiered in London on 14 October 2011. It also drew praise from Innes and Adrian Edmondson, who were in the audience. On 25 March 2013, to celebrate the 70th anniversary of Stanshall's birth, Livesley was joined by Innes, Rick Wakeman, Danny Thompson, Rodney Slater, Sam Spoons, Vernon Dudley Bowhay-Nowell, 'Legs' Larry Smith and John Otway, to perform Sir Henry at Rawlinson End at the Bloomsbury Theatre. The event was organised by Livesley and Stanshall's son Rupert.

On 11 October 2011, the Blackpool Comedy Carpet, a large public artwork by Gordon Young, was unveiled in Blackpool on the town's seaside promenade. It is made of 300 slabs of granite that cover about 2200 square meters. Featuring catchphrases, jokes and names, it commemorates more than 1000 selected "influential" comics, most of whom have played Blackpool in the last hundred years. The project was commissioned by the Blackpool Council as part of its redevelopment plan, and it is one of the largest pieces of public art in the United Kingdom. Stanshall is represented in the work by two quotes and his name.

In 2012, Poppydisc Records reissued both a vinyl and CD version of Stanshall's Men Opening Umbrellas Ahead, remastered with new liner notes from his widow and daughter.

On 26 January 2018, Longfellow's biography/memoir/free-form art book detailing Stanshall's life was published. Filled with Stanshall's paintings, sketches, notes, letters, and private photographs, The Illustrated Vivian Stanshall, a Fairytale of Grimm Art (illustrated by the young illustrator and animator Ben Wickey) contains not only Longfellow's impressions of the life and work of her husband of 18 years, but also the remembrances of many of his closest friends, as well as Vivian's private journals.

In July 2023 Madfish Music released two posthumously completed albums by Stanshall: Dog Howl in Tune, a rock album originally intended as a follow-up to Teddy Boys Don't Knit; and Rawlinson's End, using the remaining tapes from Vivian's archive. In the case of Rawlinson's End, some of the narration and music was recorded by Stanshall, while the rest incorporates material from the existing BBC John Peel sessions, including some that was previously unbroadcast. The first was re-constructed and produced by Andy Frizell, the second by Michael Livesley.

Solo discography

Singles
 "Labio Dental Fricative" b/w "Paper Round" – Vivian Stanshall and the Sean Head Showband (Liberty: LBF 15309, 1970)
 "Suspicion" – Vivian Stanshall & Gargantuan Chums b/w "Blind Date" – Vivian Stanshall & biG GRunt (Fly Records: BUG4, 1970)
 "Lakonga" b/w "Baba Tunde" (Warner Bros. Records: K 16424, 1974)
 "The Young Ones" b/w "Are You Having Any Fun?"/"The Question" (Harvest Records: HAR 5114, 1976)
 "Terry Keeps His Clips On" b/w "King Cripple" (Charisma Records; CB 373, 1980)
 "Calypso To Colapso" b/w "Smoke Signals at Night" (Charisma Records; CB 382, 1981)
 "Blind Date", "11 Moustachioed Daughters" b/w "The Strain", "Cyborg Signal" (Mega Dodo; MEP4, 2016 – a vinyl release of biG GRunt's 1970 BBC session)

Albums
 Men Opening Umbrellas Ahead (1974)
 Sir Henry at Rawlinson End (1978)
 Teddy Boys Don't Knit (1981)
 Sir Henry at N'didi's Kraal (1984)
 Dog Howl in Tune (2023, posthumous)
 Rawlinson's End (2023, posthumous)

Other appearances
 That'll Be The Day (1973, soundtrack: two tracks)
 Tubular Bells by Mike Oldfield, as Master of Ceremony. (1973)
 "Dream Gerrard" from Traffic's 1974 album When the Eagle Flies, Stanshall lyrics, Steve Winwood music.
 The Roughler Presents The Warwick Sessions Volume 1 (1987, compilation: one track "Holiday Home")
 "The Last Temptation of Elvis" (1989, compilation: one track, "(There's) No Room To Rhumba in a Sports Car")
 The Famous Charisma Box (1993, compilation: nine tracks)
 The Charisma Poser (1993, compilation: one track "Eulogy")

Further reading
Randall, L and Welch, C. (2001), Ginger Geezer – The Life of Vivian Stanshall, Fourth Estate,
Longfellow, Ki (2018), The Illustrated Vivian Stanshall, a Fairytale of Grimm Art, Eio Books (worldwide)

References
Notes

Citations

BibliographySir Henry at Rawlinson End: And Other Spots. London: Eel Pie, 1980. Stinkfoot: An English Comic Opera''. Rotterdam: Sea Urchin, 2003. , a celebration of Vivian and Ki's comic opera (publisher's page)

External links

 GingerGeezer
BBC audio interviews
 by British Pathé
 Short BBC documentary

1943 births
1995 deaths
English humorists
English artists
English male songwriters
English baritones
English male screenwriters
Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band members
Accidental deaths in London
English spoken word artists
People from Leigh-on-Sea
People from Muswell Hill
People from Walthamstow
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
Alumni of Walthamstow College of Art
20th-century English poets
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People educated at Southend High School for Boys
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20th-century English screenwriters
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Vivian Stanshall


A teller system is the integrated hardware and software used for retail or wholesale banking transactions, most systems communicate with a core banking system or mainframe over a secured network. The hardware may include a computer or terminal, Cash Drawers, Receipt and Passbook Validator/Printers, magnetic strip readers, pin keypads, bill counters, and bill/coin dispensers. The software is usually based on client/server where several clients (teller stations) are networked to a server which communicates to the mainframe via a dedicated line or satellite.

See also
 Automated teller machine

References
 " Teller System, New teller system.

Banking technology

Teller system


Harlem Irving Plaza (commonly referred to as "The HIP") is an enclosed mall located in Norridge, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. The mall features over 100 stores and a food court; anchor stores include Carson's, Kohl's, Best Buy, and Target. It is one of the oldest shopping malls in the Chicago area.

Originally a farm, Harlem Irving Plaza opened in 1956 as a  strip mall featuring approximately 45 tenants.

Between 1975 and 1979, the former strip mall was enclosed, and a parking garage was added. Also in 1979, Madigan's was added to the roster of department stores.

In 1988, Kohl's acquired and converted all of the stores in the MainStreet chain; Carson Pirie Scott opened in the former Wieboldt's the same year. A food court was added in 1996, and Best Buy opened in the former Madigan's. Best Buy re-located to the mall's parking lot in 2001; its original location was replaced with a second parking garage.

In 2013, the mall underwent another expansion.

References

Buildings and structures in Illinois
Malls

Harlem Irving Plaza


Uncle Sam is an American brand of ready-to eat breakfast cereal that was first introduced in 1908 by U.S. Mills of Omaha, Nebraska. The company relocated to Needham, Massachusetts sometime after the 1970s. Attune Foods of San Francisco acquired Uncle Sam Cereal in 2009. In 2013 Post Foods acquired Attune Foods.

Uncle Sam Original cereal, since 1908 has consisted of toasted whole wheat berry kernels that are steamed, rolled and toasted into flakes. Whole flaxseed is then mixed with the flakes. This high-fiber, ready-to-eat cereal has a low glycemic index and has an exceptionally high amount of omega-3 per serving because of the flaxseed. It is marketed as a "natural laxative" because of the presence of flaxseed, though clinical support for this assertion is scant.

Because of its nutritional profile, Uncle Sam Cereal has been recommended by several well-known dietitians and nutritionists, as well as in top-selling diet books such as Rip Esselstyn's The Engine 2 Diet, Belly Fat Cure, Sugar Busters and the South Beach Diet.

History
In 1908, Lafayette Coltrin (1840-1917) established the Uncle Sam Breakfast Food Company at 4201-7 North 28th Avenue and Sahler Street in North Omaha, Nebraska. The warehouse was located in the Belt Line railway industrial complex.

Coltrin and Ambrose H. Lee patented the cereal in 1909.

In 1910, the United States Department of Agriculture Bureau of Chemistry (a precursor of the FDA) sued Uncle Sam for "misinforming customers about the cereal's health values" in advertisements. The company was fined $10 and disallowed from medicinal claims. Following the suit, "Uncle Sam focused on simply relieving constipation instead of the array of health issues they wanted to address."

In 1912, more than 100 economic tourists of Omaha attended a factory tour and received "bowls of Uncle Sam" as well as gift bags of Omaha souvenirs. In May 1913, the plant was expanded to twice in size. A cement elevator was added in 1914, which continues to operate as of 2018.

During World War I (), Uncle Sam produced a barley cereal which "allowed more wheat to be used for troops overseas, and allowed for slowed wheat production on farms across the nation." In 1917, Coltrin died in Long Beach, California.

In 1926, the company manufactured Skinner's Raisin Bran (the first raisin bran cereal), for the Skinner Macaroni Company of Omaha. Uncle Sam purchased the rights for Skinner's Raisin Bran in 1964, and by 1985 the Raisin Bran outsold the company's flagship product.

In 1968, "the Uncle Sam plant was attacked by vandals in May 1968, with more than 50 windows smashed early on a Saturday morning."

Cereal contents

A 3/4 cup (60 grams) serving contains:  220 calories, 40 from fat; total fat 5 g; trans fat 0 g; cholesterol 0 mg; sodium 135 mg; potassium 250 mg; total carbohydrates 38 g; dietary fiber 10 g; soluble fiber 2 g; insoluble fiber 8 g; sugars less than 1 g.

It contains the following daily values: vitamin C 2%; calcium 4%; iron 10%; thiamin 50%; riboflavin 50%; niacin 50%; phosphorus 20%; magnesium 25%.

Ingredients:  whole wheat kernels, whole flaxseed, salt, barley malt, niacin, riboflavin (vitamin B2), thiamin mononitrate (vitamin B1).

References

External links

Post cereals
Products introduced in 1908

Uncle Sam (cereal)


On 23 September 2014, 18-year-old Abdul Numan Haider attacked two counter-terrorism police officers with a knife outside the Victoria Police Endeavour Hills police station located in Endeavour Hills, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He was then shot dead.

Perpetrator
Haider lived in Narre Warren, Victoria, and was of Afghan descent. He began attending lectures at the fundamentalist Al-Furqan mosque. He was also believed to be connected to prominent Islamic State recruits Neil Prakash and Sevdet Besim.

Haider was one of between 40 and 50 Australian citizens who had had their passports cancelled due to fears that they would join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) had been monitoring his rapid radicalisation, which took place during a period of only a few months, but had not judged him dangerous.

Attack
Haider is reported to have gone to the police station to discuss his cancelled passport. Two police officers from the Joint Counter-Terrorism Team (JCTT), one from Victoria Police and the other from the Australian Federal Police (AFP), approached him in the car park. Haider produced a knife and slashed the Victorian officer across the arm. He turned on the AFP officer and first stabbed him in the face and chest. When the AFP officer collapsed, Haider climbed on top of him and repeatedly stabbed him. The first officer, who had been slashed across the arm, ordered Haider to drop the weapon, then shot him fatally in the head.

Haider was carrying two knives and the Black Standard flag.

Reaction
Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott, whom Haider had allegedly threatened during the stabbing, stated, "Obviously this indicates that there are people in our community who are capable of very extreme acts. It also indicates that the police will be constantly vigilant to protect us against people who will do Australians harm."

Three days before the attack, ISIL propagandist Abu Mohammad al-Adnani gave a speech calling for ISIL sympathisers to attack countries including Australia. Professor Greg Barton of Melbourne's Monash University Global Terrorism Research Centre stated his opinion that the attack was not inspired by the message. He called for community engagement to prevent attacks from people suspected of terrorism.

Victoria's police commissioner stated that bag searches would mean longer queuing for the 2014 AFL Grand Final at Melbourne Cricket Ground on 27 September.

The Age newspaper put a photograph of an innocent man, Abu Bakar Alam, on the front page, mistakenly identifying him as the perpetrator of the attack. As part of the settlement the newspaper donated $20,000 towards building a mosque in Doveton, Victoria.

An inquest into Haider's death began on 7 March 2016.

In 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump listed this stabbing as an example of an "under-reported" terrorist attack.

See also
 Stabbing as a terrorist tactic
 2015 Parramatta shooting
 List of Islamic terrorist attacks
 List of terrorist incidents, 2014
 2014 Tours police station stabbing
 2017 Queanbeyan stabbing attacks

References

Crime in Melbourne
2014 crimes in Australia
Terrorist incidents involving knife attacks
2010s in Melbourne
Terrorist incidents in Oceania in 2014
Stabbing attacks in 2014
Stabbing attacks in Australia
Islamic terrorism in Australia
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2014
Terrorist incidents in Australia
Terrorist incidents in Australia in the 2010s

2014 Endeavour Hills stabbings


Sargodha cricket team was a first-class cricket team that represents Sargodha Division in Punjab Province in Pakistan. They competed in Pakistan's first-class tournaments between 1961–62 and 2002-03.

1960s and 1970s
Sargodha played their inaugural first-class match in the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy in 1961-62, defeating Peshawar by an innings. Saleem Akhtar, who later captained Sargodha, took 2 for 7 and 5 for 34. They did not win again until their first match in 1969-70, when they beat Lahore A by five wickets, Sherandaz Khan taking 11 for 86. Draws in their next two group matches enabled Sargodha to progress to the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy semi-finals, where they were beaten by Public Works Department. Sargodha beat Peshawar again in 1970-71, the captain, Humayun Farkhan, scoring 38 (second-top score) and 36 (top score) and taking 3 for 19 and 5 for 27 in a low-scoring match.

They reached the semi-finals of the Punjab Tournament in 1973-74 and 1974–75, then in 1975-76 two first-innings leads were enough to get them into the final, but they lost to Lahore A. They had their second innings victory in the BCCP Patron's Trophy in 1975-76 when Jalal Akbar took 11 for 59 against Pakistan Air Force. They won again by an innings in the BCCP Patron's Trophy in 1977-78 against the short-lived team from the Pakistan Security Printing Corporation.

1980s to 2000s
In 1984-85 they won three of their four group matches in the BCCP Patron's Trophy and finished at the top of their group, but lost in the semi-final by 32 runs to Rawalpindi. The captain, Arshad Pervez, hit three centuries, two of them in the semi-final, and finished with 492 runs in the five matches at an average of 70.28, while Aziz-ur-Rehman, with 34 wickets at 15.35, was the leading wicket-taker in the competition.

They next reached the finals of a competition in 1992-93, when they played off in the final of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, losing to Karachi Whites by an innings. Akram Raza, with 43 wickets at 18.90, was the leading wicket-taker in the competition. However, Sargodha finished winless at the bottom of the table in 1994-95 and lost their first-class status for three seasons.

They returned to first-class competition in 1998-99, but struggled to win matches. In 2002-03 they won only one of their five group matches, but it was enough to enable them to participate in the pre-quarter-finals of the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy, where they beat Lahore Whites. They were unlucky in their quarter-final against Rawalpindi. In a match ruined by rain they made 365 for 3 declared, the captain, Mohammad Hafeez, scoring a century, and had Rawalpindi 170 for 4 when play ended and Rawalpindi were declared the winners on run-rate. It was Sargodha's last first-class match.

Current status
Faisalabad is about 80 kilometres south-east of Sargodha, on the other side of the Chenab River, so when Sargodha were one of six regional teams that were absorbed by stronger teams for the 2003-04 season, they merged with Faisalabad, who then proceeded to win the Quaid-i-Azam Trophy that season for the first time. Since Sargodha lost first-class status they have continued to compete in the annual Inter-District Senior Tournament against other teams from the Faisalabad region.

Playing record
Overall Sargodha played 163 matches in various first-class tournaments, winning 28, losing 56 and drawing 79. They also played 70 List A matches, winning 13 and losing 56, with one no-result.

Most of Sargodha's home matches were staged at the Sports Stadium in Sargodha, which is now used for some of Faisalabad's home matches. It is also still used by Sargodha senior and junior teams in sub-first-class competitions.

Individual records
Sargodha's highest individual score was 394, by Naved Latif against Gujranwala in 2000-01. It was the tenth-highest score in the history of first-class cricket. Sargodha's total of 721 was their highest.

The best bowling figures were 8 for 25 by Naeem Khan in 1986-87. State Bank of Pakistan needed only 119 to win, but Khan bowled them out for 54. The best match figures were 13 for 78 (7 for 47 and 6 for 31) by Aziz-ur-Rehman in a 268-run victory over Karachi Whites in 1989-90.

Notable players

References

External links
 Lists of matches played by Sargodha
 Sargodha Division Cricket Association website

Other sources
 Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 1963 to 2005

Pakistani first-class cricket teams
Former senior cricket clubs of Pakistan
Cricket Team
Cricket

Sargodha cricket team


Aluminaut (built in 1964) was the world's first aluminum submarine. An experimental vessel, the 80-ton,  crewed deep-ocean research submersible was built by Reynolds Metals Company, which was seeking to promote the utility of aluminum. Aluminaut was based in Miami, Florida, and was operated from 1964 to 1970 by Reynolds Submarine Services, doing contract work for the U.S. Navy and other organizations, including marine biologist Jacques Cousteau.

Aluminaut is best known for helping recover a lost unarmed U.S. hydrogen bomb in 1966 and recovering its smaller fellow deep-submergence vehicle, DSV Alvin in 1969, after Alvin had been lost and sank in the Atlantic Ocean the previous year. After retirement, Aluminaut was donated to the Science Museum of Virginia in Richmond, where it is on permanent display.

1964: World's first aluminium submarine
Reynolds Metals was an early developer and manufacturer of aluminium products, including aluminium buses and other aluminium motor vehicles.

Reynolds Metals designed and built the Aluminaut as an experiment. The concept of an aluminum submarine was developed at Reynolds during World War II in 1942 by executive vice president Julian "Louis" Reynolds, a son of the founder. Louis Reynolds led the foil division, which accounted for 65% of the company's sales before the war. Reynolds Metals also played an active role in the U.S. war effort.

In 1964, Reynolds had the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics in Groton, Connecticut, build the world's first aluminum submarine. The submersible was operated by subsidiary Reynolds Submarine Services Corporation, based in Miami, Florida. Compared to many deep-sea vessels, Aluminaut was large. It weighed 80 tons and could accommodate a crew of three and three to four scientists. It had four view ports, active and passive sonar, manipulators, side-scan sonar, and a capacity of  of payload.

For flexibility, it was outfitted for many types of oceanographic and salvage missions. In September 1964, Time magazine reported on the vehicle's unique specifications, stating that its  hull consists of 11 forged cylinders. Aluminum's strength-to-weight ratio exceeds that of steel, so Aluminaut  shell could withstand pressures of  at the sub's  maximum diving range.

The Aluminaut was designed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. A full-scale wooden mock-up was built to engineer the interior spaces. The project was classified as top-secret at that time. At that time it did not have a conning tower entry and it immediately flooded and sank. The tower entry was designed and added and in the first test, the submarine turned upside down. It was thought at that time that the design was impractical and was almost scrapped.

A one-sixteenth scale model of the final design was built in 1960 and run through stability and pressure tests.

1966: Helping recover a lost unarmed atomic bomb

The Aluminaut soon became useful during an incident with potentially major implications. On January 17, 1966, a 1.45-megaton-of-TNT equivalent thermonuclear bomb (Teller–Ulam design) was lost in the Mediterranean Sea during a United States Air Force collision over Palomares, Spain.

Seven crew members were killed in the mid-air crash of a B-52 bomber and a KC-135 refueling plane. The crash dropped three thermonuclear bombs on the land, and one in the sea. Although the others were quickly located, the bomb which had fallen into the ocean could not be located promptly.

The U.S. Navy responded to the coast off Spain with an 18-ship, 2,200-man recovery task force under Admiral William S. "Wild Bill" Guest. In addition to military ships, the civilian-crewed Aluminaut and deep-sea submersible Alvin were both used to respond to this urgent situation as part of the task force, along with other specialized equipment. Once on site, Aluminaut and Alvin searched the ocean depths to locate and recover the submerged bomb. For eighty days the search went on, straining the U.S. relationship with Spain, and giving Soviet propagandists what Time magazine described as "a rich fallout of anti-American gibes".

The bomb was found by Alvin resting nearly  below the surface, and was raised intact on April 7, 1966. Admiral Guest allowed it to be photographed by the news media, allowing the world at large its first peek at a thermonuclear bomb as it sat secured on the fantail of the  submarine rescue ship USS Petrel.

1969: Rescuing DSV Alvin

Although both were put into service in 1964, the smaller Alvin was to have a much longer life. As of 2023, the Alvin is still in active service, operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.  Yet Aluminaut proved vital to Alvin in 1969.

In October 1968, Alvin was being transported aboard the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution tender ship Lulu. Lulu was a vessel created from a pair of decommissioned U.S. Navy pontoon boats with a support structure. While Alvin was being lowered over the side of Lulu on October 16, 1968, two steel cables snapped with three crew members aboard and the hatch open. Situated between the pontoons with no deck underneath, Alvin entered the water and rapidly  began to sink. The three crew members managed to escape, but Alvin sank in  of water.

In September 1969, Aluminaut was used to secure lines and a net to the Alvin, which was located, intact, almost a mile beneath the surface.  Alvin was then hauled to the surface by USS Mizar. Lunches left aboard Alvin were found to be soggy but edible, a fact which was tested when a preserved cheese sandwich was nibbled upon by one of the crew. This incident led to a more comprehensive understanding that near-freezing temperatures and the lack of decaying oxygen at depth aided preservation. Alvin required a major overhaul after the incident.

Other missions
Aluminaut did other work for the U.S. Navy, recovering a  current array torpedo at the Navy's acoustic testing facility in the Bahamas. It helped make films for Jacques Cousteau and Ivan Tors Studios. Depths up to  were reached while surveying for the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office.

Retirement
The Aluminaut was retired in 1970. It was donated by Reynolds Metals Company to the Science Museum of Virginia in Richmond, Virginia, where it is on display. However, the submersible continues to be maintained in case it needs to be returned to active service.

See also

References

External links
 "Aluminaut & Aquanauts". Time. September 11, 1964.

Deep-submergence vehicles
Maritime incidents in 1968
Museum ships in Virginia
Museums in Richmond, Virginia
1964 ships

Aluminaut


Western Plant Health Association is a nonprofit trade organization that represents the interests of fertilizer and crop protection manufacturers, biotechnology providers, distributors and retailers in California, Arizona and Hawaii, according to President Renee Pinel. Trade members comprise more than 90 percent of all the companies marketing commercial fertilizers, soil amendments, agricultural minerals and crop protection products in these three states. The association operates two Web sites: www.healthyplants.org, and www.calfertilizer.org. The association is one of the largest agricultural trade associations on the West Coast of the United States.

WPHA members support a variety of educational and research programs to ensure that all fertilizer and crop protection products are used in an environmentally sound way. WPHA-sponsored stewardship programs include: the California Department of Food and Agriculture's Fertilizer Research and Education program; the Coalition for Urban Renewal and Stewardship (CURES); the Anhydrous Ammonia Transportation Safety Program; and several worker protection projects as well as educational training and certification programs offered via the Internet and through trade media. WPHA also conducts recruiting events to persuade students to consider careers in agriculture by offering annual student dinners at campuses throughout California.

The California Fertilizer Foundation is also overseen and managed by the Western Plant Health Association. One of the Foundation's key functions is raising money to finance annual school garden grants for 24 elementary school campuses in California. The grants are $1,200 each and subsidize the creation of school gardens with the intention of teaching students to understand the value of plant nutrition and to appreciate all the work that goes into farming to keep the U.S. and the world stocked with a plentiful supply of safe and affordable food, while preventing possible harmful environmental impacts.

References

External links

Organizations based in California
Organizations based in Arizona
Organizations based in Hawaii
Agricultural organizations based in the United States

Western Plant Health Association


A dynastic union is a type of union in which different states are governed beneath the same dynasty, with their boundaries, their laws, and their interests remaining distinct from each other.

It is a form of association looser than a personal union, when several states share the same monarch, and a real union, when they have common institutions in addition to the same monarch.

Historical examples

Aragon and Navarre

With the assassination of Sancho IV, Navarre was invaded by his cousins Alfonso VI of Castile and Sancho V Ramirez of Aragon, and the latter was made king in 1076, which led to more than half a century (1076–1134) of Aragonese control.

Aragon and Barcelona

Marriage of Count of Barcelona Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and future Queen of Aragon Petronila of Aragon in 1137 that formed the Crown of Aragon.

Castile and Aragon

Marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1469 that laid the foundations for the kingdom of Spain. They did not ascend to their respective thrones until 1474 and 1479 respectively.

Spain and Portugal (Iberian Union)

Dynastic union between Spain (the union between the Crowns of Castile and Aragon) and Portugal (1580–1640), generally called the Iberian Union by modern historians, under the Philippine Dynasty.

Lithuania and Poland

Marriage of Jogaila and Queen Jadwiga of Poland on 1385, generally called the Union of Krewo. That union laid the foundations for the eventual formation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

France and Navarre

Following Salic law, Henry III, King of Navarre, a member of the House of Bourbon, succeeded to the French throne in 1589 upon the extinction of the male line of the House of Valois. Both houses were cadet branches of the Capetian dynasty, the ruling house of the kingdom of France since 987.

Scotland and France

Norman or French culture first gained a foothold in Scotland during the Davidian Revolution, when King David I introduced Continental-style reforms throughout all aspects of Scottish life: social, religious, economic and administrative. He also invited immigrant French and Anglo-French peoples to Scotland. This effectively created a Franco-Scottish aristocracy, with ties to the French aristocracy as well as many to the Franco-English aristocracy. From the Wars of Scottish Independence, as common enemies of England and its ruling House of Plantagenet, Scotland and France started to enjoy a close diplomatic relationship, the Auld Alliance, from 1295 to 1560. From the Late Middle Ages and into the Early Modern Period Scotland and its burghs also benefited from close economic and trading links with France in addition to its links to the Low Countries, Scandinavia and the Baltic.

The prospect of dynastic union came in the 15th and 16th centuries, when Margaret, eldest daughter of James I of Scotland, married the future Louis XI of France. James V of Scotland married two French brides in succession. His infant daughter, Mary I, succeeded him on his death in 1542. For many years thereafter the country was ruled under a regency led by her French mother, Mary of Guise, who succeeded in marrying her daughter to the future Francis II of France. The young couple were king and queen of France and Scotland from 1559 until Francis died in 1560. Mary returned to a Scotland heaving with political revolt and religious revolution, which made a continuation of the alliance impossible.

Cordial economic and cultural relations did continue however, although throughout the 17th century, the Scottish establishment became increasingly Presbyterian, often belligerent to Catholicism, a facet which was somewhat at odds with Louis XIV's aggressively Catholic foreign and domestic policy. The relationship was further weakened by the Union of the Crowns in 1603, which meant from then on that although still independent, executive power in the Scottish government, the Crown, was shared with the Kingdom of England and Scottish foreign policy came into line more with that of England than with France.

England and Scotland

When Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, the heir to the English throne was King James VI of Scotland. Generally called the Union of the Crowns, this dynastic union was in place from 1603 until 1653 (when the monarchy was officially abolished) and again from 1659 until the two nations were politically united in 1707.

United Kingdom and Hanover
The personal union between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Hanover, jointly ruled by the head of the House of Hanover since 1707, ended with the death of William IV in 1837, and was replaced with a dynastic union: due to the different laws of succession, he was succeeded by two members of the dynasty, in the United Kingdom by his niece Victoria, the daughter of his late next brother Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, and in Hanover by his second next brother Ernest Augustus. This lasted until the annexation of Hanover by Prussia in 1866.

References

Monarchy
-
Political union

Dynastic union


Patrick Francis Marsden (November 8, 1936 – April 27, 2006) was a Canadian sportscaster and voice of the Canadian Football League play-by-play coverage in the 1970s and 1980s. He also worked as host for the historic 1972 Canada-Soviet Union hockey Summit Series sports telecasts. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1989.

Marsden was born in Ottawa and attended St. Patrick's High School and the University of Ottawa, where he started his sportscasting career at local station CKOY.

He later became sports director at CFTO in Toronto, and became immersed in all local and national sporting events. He even appeared as "John Marsden" in an episode of Bizarre (filmed at CFTO), in a Super Dave Osborne stunt at Toronto's CN Tower.

Fired in 1986 after a physical altercation with his boss Ted Stuebing, Marsden then was hired by his CTV football broadcasting partner Bill Stephenson at CFRB, went to TSN, and later surfaced at The Fan 590. After helping to rebuild and essentially help create the image for The Fan 590, he retired in 2004.

Marsden spent most of his time in Florida due to what he felt was the socialization of Canadian society, but he continued to maintain a home in Toronto.

He returned in 1996 to live in Toronto with his family joining him and died of lung cancer on April 27, 2006, aged 69, at Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre.

References
 Pat Marsden, 69: Colourful broadcaster, Toronto Star
 Pat Marsden loses battle with lung cancer, Canada.com

1936 births
2006 deaths
Canadian television sportscasters
Canadian sports talk radio hosts
Deaths from lung cancer
Mass media people from Ottawa
Mass media people from Toronto
Canadian Football League announcers
Deaths from cancer in Ontario
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees

Pat Marsden


C4 was a New Zealand television channel owned and operated by MediaWorks New Zealand. C4 was available on both digital terrestrial and satellite platforms and played music around the clock, including music from C4's sister radio division from The Rock, The Edge, The Breeze, More FM, George FM, Mai FM & The Sound. C4 also aired a lot of speciality music shows such as HomeGrown, Top 10/100, Video Hits, Fade To Black, Steel Mill, the UChoose40 and the Biggest Records Right Now. The channel was originally launched on Friday 3 October 2003 at 08:00pm as a re-branding of TV4 which had been broadcasting since 1997. On 1 May 2010, as C4 had been moving away from music programming since 2008, the jukebox side was split off and C4 launched a second C4 channel on Channel 9 called C4 2. C4 2 was only available on digital Freeview terrestrial and satellite platforms. At the end of 2010 an announcement was made that MediaWorks would again re-brand the current C4 channel as FOUR, which meant C4 2 would be converted to a music show as C4 was moved to its Channel 9 position. C4 shut down on Thursday 26 June 2014 at 01:00 am. It was replaced by The Edge TV the next day on Friday 27 June 2014 at 04:00 pm.

History
C4 was launched on Friday night 3 October 2003 at 08:00pm, when TV4 (which first aired in 1997) ceased broadcasting and relaunched as a music television channel called C4.  C4, which stands for "Channel 4", was originally going to be known as "4Music" before it was officially unveiled as C4. TV3 and TV4 managing director Rick Friesen said that the name had been chosen for its "bold simplicity". The first show to broadcast on C4 was the 100 Best Music Videos Of All Time (Top 100), which was a countdown show where viewers voted prior to the show for their favorite music videos. The first music video to air on C4 to start the Channel off was Exit To The City by The D4. The Top 100 also included Metallica - One, described as "utter, utter nonsense" during an article on The New Zealand Herald in its countdown show, marking the first Metallica music video to air on C4. The final music video to air on the 100 Best Music Videos Of All Time (Top 100) was Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit. This very music video has also famously received the same top spot on one of The Rock's annual countdown events around the time of C4's launch. TV programming on C4 included local made shows such as Select Live and The Official NZ Top 40. New Zealand On Air paid $500,000 for the first year of operation and C4 was to broadcast 58 hours a week of music television in prime-time, reaching 72% of the population, with a target of 20–25% New Zealand music content.

C4 had a deal with MTV Networks to air MTV programming such as Pimp My Ride. The MTV content on C4 remained on air after Sky TV launched a local MTV station featuring some of the same shows. MTV content decreased in 2008 when the channel moved towards general entertainment.

On 11 April 2007 C4 began broadcasting in 14:9 widescreen on SKY TV. C4 then switched to a 16:9 widescreen format on 2 May 2007, the same day as Freeview launched. C4 screened in letterboxed 14:9 widescreen on 4:3 analogue VHF broadcasts.

24-hour broadcasts began in 2007 but only to digital viewers. The channel played music videos overnight followed by a music breakfast show with no presenters. Analogue viewers continued to see infomercials during these times.

From 1 July 2008, the channel began the process of changing from a music channel to a youth-oriented entertainment network, operating under the same programming direction of its sister station TV3. In addition, C4 moved to channel 12 on Sky Digital and TelstraClear InHome TV platforms to reflect its new programming direction with a reduced focus on music.

On 1 May 2010, as part of the contract with Freeview to provide at least four channels, MediaWorks launched a second C4 channel called C4 2. C4 2 streamed unhosted music videos back-to-back. The channel was available exclusively on the Freeview platform on Channel 9.

At 06:00 pm on 6 February 2011, C4 moved to Channel 9 on Freeview instead of replacing C4 2. C4 converted its second C4 channel to a music show. MediaWorks then launched the return of TV4 as FOUR in place of C4. The final music show on C4 before the changeover was the Top 100 Music Videos Ever, a similar show that was used to launch C4 in the end of 2003. The final music video screened before the changeover as well as to take out the Number 1 Top Spot on the Top 100 was Thriller by Michael Jackson. From 2011 onwards C4 screened a low-cost jukebox of music videos once again compiled by theme and a rerun of FOUR live, as many of the entertainment shows seen on C4 between 2008 and 2011 were moved to FOUR. C4 was available exclusively to Freeview viewers until 2012 when C4 returned to Sky.

On 25 September 2012, MediaWorks decided to provide four regional simulcasts of the channel on the Freeview satellite platform, which resulted in no space for C4. MediaWorks decided to replace the Sky simulcast of FOUR with C4, meaning only satellite viewers with either a generic DVB or Sky supplied receiver would be the only ones to get all channels via satellite. Due to a number of certified Freeview receivers only scanning and setting Freeview channels, from October 2013, the TVNZ metadata on the Freeview satellite service was changed to include the C4 feed on the Sky service. Certified Freeview receivers could manually add the channel.

C4 ceased broadcasting operations on 26 June 2014 at 01:00 am. The final music show to air on C4 was C42. The final music video to air on C4 was Exit To The City by The D4. MediaWorks launched a new music channel to replace C4 called The Edge TV, which is run by the radio station The Edge. The Edge TV was launched on Freeview Channel 11, and a time shift version of FOUR called FOUR + 1 was launched in place of C4.

All shows that aired on C4

Amp'd

Amp'd aired on Thursday nights. It featured hard rock and alternative music, and was hosted by Jono Pryor.
SingStar juice tv is music PlayStation 2 including steriogram, 48may, Pluto, eight, atlas, the feelers, eye tv, zed, venice, metanoia, stellar*, the d4, Ekko park, shihad & many more.

Animation Station
The Animation Station aired every Thursday night on C4 and it aired Animated shows such as South Park, King of the Hill, The Cleveland Show,  Futurama & Family Guy.

Pop Machete
Pop Machete was a half-hour-long programme aired Thursday at 09:00 pm on C4. Hosted by Damien Blank and Craig Easson. Pop Machete features alternative music videos, news and interviews.

The Takeover
The Takeover was a half-hour-long programme that follows-up after Pop Machete at 09:30 pm on C4. Hosted by Damien Blank, Craig Easson and a randomly selected band. The band has control over the music programming over the half-hour.

Holla Hour
Holla Hour was a classic C4 programme hosted by DJ Sir-Vere on Mondays at 10:00 pm on C4. Returning after a long absence on the TV channel, Holla Hour features the latest hip hop music videos, interviews and news in Hip Hop and Rn'B music. Final show was on 23 June 2014 at 10:00 pm.

C42
C42 (Previously the second C4 channel, then became a music show from 6 February 2011 after TV4's return as FOUR) aired daily on C4 from 11:00 pm – 05:00 am, then 05:00 am – 06:00 am only on Mondays – Fridays and 11:00 am – 01:00 pm daily. The programme aired alternative music videos back-to-back, including some Rock music videos from The Rock  such as Pluto - Dance Stamina, The Vines - Get Free & Shihad - La La Land (All 3 Of Them Aired On 30 June 2013) with a couple of ad-breaks at the hour. Final show was on 25 June 2014 at 09:00 pm – 01:00 am the next morning when C4 came to the end of the line. The final music video to air on C42 was The D4 - Exit To The City.

Spoon
Spoon was a classic C4 programme which aired "Smooth Music Videos" in the early hours of the morning such as Salmonella Dub - Push On Thru, Fat Freddy's Drop - Ray Ray, Gotan Project - Mi Confesión, Massive Attack - Be Thankful For What You Got, including some Rock music videos from The Rock such as Johnny Cash - Hurt (18 August 2012) & Radiohead - Creep (16 September 2012). Spoon aired during the weekends on Saturday & Sunday mornings from 05:00 am – 06:00 am on C4.

The Big Breakfast
The Big Breakfast was where you can listen to a random mix of music videos dating from back in the days up to today's hit music vids. The Big Breakfast aired on C4 every morning from 06:00 am – 10:00 am. Final show was on 25 June 2014 at 06:00 am – 09:00 am.

Common Ground
Common Ground aired R&B and hip hop music videos on C4 airing at random programme slot times throughout the week.

Blender
Blender plays hit music videos back to back daily at 02:00 pm on C4 and at random programme slot times throughout the week. Final show was on 25 June 2014 from 09:00 am – 09:00 pm.

Video Hits
Video Hits highlighted one or many artists such as Jimmy Eat World with their latest hits or classic video hits. Video Hits aired at random programme slot times throughout the week.

C4U
C4U was where the viewers have the opportunity to have their own playlist aired on C4 for half an hour. Viewers were able to submit their playlist at the C4 website. C4U aired during the weekends on Saturday and Sunday nights at 07:30 pm – 08:00 pm.

UChoose40
The UChoose40 aired themed-countdowns whether it may be about "Gone But Not Forgotten", "90's Music", "Worst Songs Of The Decade", "15 Minutes Of Fame" or "Party Floor Fillers". C4 picked the theme and the viewers were given the chance to decide how the countdown plays out by voting for their favourite tracks out of the list provided on the C4 website.

Here are a couple of music videos that got the Number 1 Top Spot where the C4 viewers chose to vote No. 1 for this very music video the most on The UChoose40:

(20 April 2013) "Party Floor Fillers" - Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit. This very music video also received the same Top Spot from The Rock's countdown event (formerly known as The Rock 500) a decade before C4 aired its "Party Floor Fillers" theme on the UChoose40.

(13 July 2013) "15 Minutes Of Fame" - Vanilla Ice - Ice Ice Baby.

Counting down from 40 to 1, the UChoose40 aired on Saturday nights at 08:00 pm – 11:00 pm.

What's The Theme?
What's The Theme? played out an hour of a random topic theme. May it be "Pop Princesses", "Coming To The Country Soon" & "Kiwi Artists Making It Big Overseas". Here are a lot of other themes that aired these music videos, famously heard on The Rock:

(22 February 2012) "Love" - Foo Fighters - Everlong. On 6 November 2020, over 8 years after C4 aired this very music video by the Foo Fighters under the Love theme at the time, this received the Number 1 Top Spot on The Rock's upgraded countdown events as The Rock 2000 (Top 2000).

(2 April 2012) "Legends" - The first music video to start the show off was Johnny Cash - Hurt, immediately followed by Led Zeppelin - Rock & Roll, then half way through the show was Split Enz - Dirty Creature. The final music video to air under the Legends theme was Jimi Hendrix - Hey Joe.

(1 May 2012) "Happy NZ Music Month!!!" - Th' Dudes - Bliss & Dragon - Rain.

(30 July 2012) "Number 1 For Ages" - Atlas - Crawl.

(27 May 2013) "80's Throwbacks" - The first music video to start the show off was A Flock Of Seagulls - I Ran (So Far Away). Half way through the show was The Cult - She Sells Sanctuary.

(28 June 2013) "90's Icons" - The first music video to start the show off was The Smashing Pumpkins - Today, immediately followed by Alanis Morissette - You Oughta Know. A little later on in a trio back to back was Garbage - I Think I'm Paranoid, The Red Hot Chili Peppers - Under The Bridge & The Offspring - Come Out And Play. Then again a little later on half way through the middle of the 90's Icons theme was another back to back set of trios of the legendary Nirvana - Come As You Are, No Doubt - Just A Girl & Soundgarden - Black Hole Sun. A little later on again, the final 3 music videos to air under the 90's Icons theme back to back was Oasis - Live Forever, Green Day - Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life) & Pearl Jam - Alive (As the LIVE version only instead of the plugged in version that The Rock airs). On 12 June 2019, nearly 6 years after C4 aired Nirvana's Come As You Are under the 90's Icons theme at the time, SCS Software released the Washington DLC state for American Truck Simulator which included the hometown of Aberdeen, WA where you can visit the official "Welcome To Aberdeen: Come As You Are" sign as a tribute to the memory of Nirvana's lead musician Kurt Cobain, including a garage C4 (as an unofficial tribute to C4) located off the I-405 Motorway at the Kenworth Truck Factory in Seattle, WA.

(22 November 2013) "X-Rated" - The first music video to start the show off was System Of A Down - Aerials, followed by Foo Fighters - Low & Metallica - St. Anger back to back half way through the X-Rated theme. This was the day before Doctor Who celebrated its 50th Anniversary.

(14 April 2014) "Planes, Trains, & Automobiles" - Red Hot Chili Peppers - Aeroplane, Spiderbait - Black Betty, Kenny Loggins - Danger Zone. The final music video to air under the Planes, Trains & Automobiles theme was ZZ Top - Gimme All Your Lovin'.

(13 June 2014) "Awesome Bogan Songs" - AC/DC - Thunderstruck. In 2015 only a year after C4 shut down, this very music video by AC/DC received the Number 1 Top Spot on The Rock's countdown events. Other music videos in the theme included Guns N' Roses - Welcome To The Jungle, Ozzy Osbourne - Crazy Train, George Thorogood - Bad To The Bone, Slipknot - Duality, Metallica - Enter Sandman & Judas Priest - Breaking The Law. The final music video to air under the Awesome Bogan Songs theme was Led Zeppelin - Whole Lotta Love (As the LIVE version only instead of the plugged in version that The Rock airs).

Including other themes such as "School's Out!!!", "Friendship", "Black & White", "Money, Money, Money!!!",  and "Cool Cars". What's The Theme? aired on C4 at random programme slot times throughout the week. (Final show was on 24 June 2014).

Top 10/100
Top 10/100 showed you the countdown of an artist such as The Exponents, Bic Runga, The Black Seeds, Gorillaz, including topics such as "Divas", "Lost In Space" & "Cool Cars" or just a Top 10 for the sake of it. Sometimes, C4 would also air a special Top 100 event for example at the start and the end of the year, under the same intro and outro as the Top 10. This also marked the very 1st ever music show (as the Top 100) to air when C4 launched.

Here are some music videos that got the Number 1 Top Spot from the mentioned Artists, Bands & Topics on the Top 10/100:

(3 October 2003) ("Best Music Videos Of All Time") - Nirvana - Smells Like Teen Spirit.

(6 February 2011) ("Music Videos Ever") - Michael Jackson - Thriller.

(24 March 2012) Gorillaz - Feel Good Inc.

(28 April 2012) "Divas" - Celine Dion - My Heart Will Go On.

(2 May 2012) Bic Runga - Drive.

(7 May 2012) The Exponents - Victoria.

(24 May 2012) The Black Seeds - Coming Back Home.

(14 July 2012) "Cool Cars" - Audioslave - Show Me How To Live.

(22 February 2014) "Lost In Space" - Muse - Sing For Absolution.

Counting down from 10/100 to 1, Top 10 (Top 100 Sometimes) aired on C4 daily from 10:00 am – 11:00 am. (Final show was on 24 June 2014).

Twice As Nice
Twice As Nice aired music videos from one artist or a band back to back such as SIX60 - Don't Forget Your Roots & Rise Up (14 April 2014). Twice As Nice aired at random programme slot times throughout the week.

FOUR Live
FOUR Live on C4 was a repeat of the broadcast which aired earlier on FOUR. FOUR Live was hosted by Shannon Ryan (2012–13), Drew Neemia and Kanoa Lloyd. The programme is 90 minutes of interviews, news and music videos airing with the viewers say. The FOUR Live repeat aired at 07:30 pm – 09:00 pm weeknights on C4.

Fade To Black
Fade To Black was a programme which aired Rock music videos, famously heard from The Rock radio station on C4 such as Korn - Coming Undone (2 April 2012). The programme aired at random programme slot times throughout the week. (Final show was on 24 June 2014.)

The Best...
The Best was the best of an artist or maybe a time of music such as "Covers" (10 April 2012). The Best aired at random programme slot times throughout the week on C4.

Homegrown
Homegrown played 100% New Zealand kiwi music on C4 such as Devilskin - Little Pills (10 April 2012). Homegrown aired at random programme slot times throughout the week.

Technologic
Technologic plays out the best dance music videos. Technologic aired at random programme slot times throughout the week on C4.

Added This Week
Added This Week gave C4 the chance to play out the newest music videos to hit the music scene. Sometimes if you're lucky, it may have been hours-of-the-release of a video. Added This Week played out at random programme slot times throughout the week.

10 Years Of...
10 Years Of... Pop Music? Rock Music? Trendy & Popular Videos? 10 Years Of... was a show that gave C4 the chance to do a casual throwback such as "Tui Winners 00 - 09" (23 May 2012).

So Hot Right Now
So Hot Right Now was where the hottest videos of the week, right now aired on C4. The programme aired at random programme slot times throughout the week.

Steel Mill
Steel Mill was a programme which aired Metal music videos on C4 such as Kreator - Phantom Antichrist & Civilization Collapse (22 November 2013). The programme aired at random programme slot times throughout the week. Steel Mill no longer aired on the station.

C4 Select Live
C4 Select Live was hosted by Joel Defries and text to select to the song to play

Select Late
Select Late was aired very late

Freestyle
Freestyle was hosted by Teuila Blakely C4's live music show

Edge Chart
Edge Chart was a radio station chart countdown

References
 FOUR's new TV schedule
"Phase Four Report Card" NZ On Air, Wellington
Bay of Plenty Times (22 Feb.) 2006. "Catholics angry at show's timing".  Retrieved 23 February 2006.
Freeview website

Notes

External links

Defunct television channels in New Zealand
Music video networks in New Zealand
Television channels and stations established in 1997
1997 establishments in New Zealand
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2014
2014 disestablishments in New Zealand
English-language television stations in New Zealand

C4 (New Zealand TV channel)


The bibcode (also known as the refcode) is a compact identifier used by several astronomical data systems to uniquely specify literature references.

Adoption
The Bibliographic Reference Code (refcode) was originally developed to be used in SIMBAD and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), but it became a de facto standard and is now used more widely, for example, by the NASA Astrophysics Data System, which coined and prefers the term "bibcode".

Format
The code has a fixed length of 19 characters and has the form
YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA
where YYYY is the four-digit year of the reference and JJJJJ is a code indicating where the reference was published. In the case of a journal reference, VVVV is the volume number, M indicates the section of the journal where the reference was published (e.g., L for a letters section), PPPP gives the starting page number, and A is the first letter of the last name of the first author. Periods (.) are used to fill unused fields and to pad fields out to their fixed length if too short; padding is done on the right for the publication code and on the left for the volume number and page number. Page numbers greater than 9999 are continued in the M column. The 6-digit article ID numbers (in lieu of page numbers) used by the Physical Review publications since the late 1990s are treated as follows: The first two digits of the article ID, corresponding to the issue number, are converted to a lower-case letter (01 = a, etc.) and inserted into column M. The remaining four digits are used in the page field.

Examples
Some examples of bibcodes are:

See also
 Digital object identifier

References

Index (publishing)
Identifiers
Electronic documents
Computational astronomy

Bibcode


Pacific Coast Athabaskan is a geographical and possibly genealogical grouping of the Athabaskan language family.

California Athabaskan
 1. Hupa (dining'-xine:wh, a.k.a. Hoopa-Chilula)
 dialects:
 Hupa
 Tsnungwe
 - tse:ning-xwe
 - tł'oh-mitah-xwe
 Chilula-Whilkut
 - Chilula
 - Whilkut
 2. Mattole–Bear River - extinct
 dialects:
 Mattole
 Bear River
 3. Wailaki ("Eel River", spoken by the Eel River Athapaskan peoples) - extinct
 dialects:
 Sinkyone
 Wailaki
 Nongatl
 Lassik
 4. Cahto (a.k.a. Kato) (sometimes included in Eel River) - extinct

Often the Mattole and Wailaki-speaking groups together are called Southern Athapaskans. Their languages were similar to each other, but differed from the northern California tribes whose languages were also part of the Athapaskan family. They are not to be confused with the Apachean peoples (the Apache and Navajo) - also known as Southern Athabascans - of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, who speak the Southern Athabaskan languages.

Oregon Athabaskan

 5. Upper Umpqua (a.k.a. Etnemitane)
 6. Lower Rogue River (a.k.a. Tututni, Coquille)
 dialects:
 Upper Coquille
 - Coquille (a.k.a. Mishikwutinetunne)
 - Flores Creek (a.k.a. Kosotshe, Kusu'me, Lukkarso)
 Tututni
 - Tututunne
 - Naltunnetunne
 - Mikwunutunne (a.k.a. Mikonotunne)
 - Joshua (a.k.a. Chemetunne)
 - Sixes (a.k.a. Kwatami)
 - Pistol River (a.k.a. Chetleshin)
 - Wishtenatin (a.k.a. Khwaishtunnetunnne)
 Euchre Creek (a.k.a. Yukichetunne)
 Chasta Costa (a.k.a. Illinois River, Chastacosta, Chasta Kosta)
 7. Upper Rogue River (a.k.a. Galice–Applegate)
 dialects:
 Galice (a.k.a. Taltushtuntede)
 Applegate (a.k.a. Nabiltse, Dakubetede)
 8. Chetco-Tolowa
 dialects:
 Chetco
 Smith River (a.k.a. Tolowa)
 Siletz Dee-ni (modern Chetco-Tolowa variant with word from Chasta Costa, Applegate, Galice, Rogue River, and other members of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians)

Linguists differ on the classification of the Lower Rogue River, Upper Rogue River, and Chetco-Tolowa branches as being either separate languages, or dialects of one macrolanguage, comprising a dialect continuum centered on the Lower Rogue River dialect group with the Chetco-Tolowa and Upper Rogue River groups being peripheral. The latter view is common among tribal elders and language revitalizationists, who note a high degree of mutual intelligibility and shared cultural identity. In the absence of a single, unambiguous English name for the dialect group, some learner-speakers refer to it in English as Nuu-wee-ya', an endonym common to all three varieties meaning "our language".

References

Bibliography

 See: Athabaskan languages#Bibliography

Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages