Edward Joseph Mahoney (March 21, 1949September 13, 2019), known professionally as Eddie Money, was an American singer and songwriter who, in the 1970s and 1980s, had eleven Top 40 songs, including "Baby Hold On", "Two Tickets to Paradise", "Think I'm in Love", "Shakin'", "Take Me Home Tonight", "I Wanna Go Back", "Endless Nights", "Walk on Water", and "The Love in Your Eyes". Critic Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times called him a working-class rocker. In 1987, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for "Take Me Home Tonight".

Early life

Edward Joseph Mahoney was born in Manhattan, New York City on March 21, 1949, to a large family of Irish Catholic descent. His parents were Dorothy Elizabeth (), a homemaker, and Daniel Patrick Mahoney, a police officer. He grew up in Levittown, New York, but spent some teenage years in Woodhaven, Queens, New York City. Money was a street singer from the age of eleven. As a teenager, he played in rock bands, in part to get dates from cheerleaders. He was thrown out of one high school for forging a report card. In 1967, he graduated from Island Trees High School.

At the age of 18, he tried to follow in the footsteps of his grandfather, father, and brother as a New York City Police Department trainee. However, after working as a clerk and typist, he left in 1968 to pursue a career in music, as the police did not allow him to grow his hair long. "I couldn't see myself in a police uniform for 20 years of my life, with short hair," he later said. His bandmates also fired him because they did not want a police officer in the group. His father was not happy with his decision to play music and tore the Jimi Hendrix posters from his wall.

In 1968, Money moved to Berkeley, California. There, he studied with vocal coach Judy Davis, and took on the stage name Eddie Money, dropping a few letters from his name and sarcastically referring to the fact that he was always broke (some people called him "Eddie no money").

Career

Music career

Money became a regular performer at clubs in the San Francisco Bay Area. After gaining the attention of Bill Graham, he secured a recording contract with Columbia Records, releasing his debut album in 1977. He charted with singles such as "Baby Hold On" and "Two Tickets to Paradise", about visiting his girlfriend despite not having money.

In 1978, Money opened for Santana at Boston's Music Hall. The following year, he sang backing vocals on the bridge section on "I'm Alright", a song written and performed by Kenny Loggins. In 2014, Money claimed that Loggins never gave him credit for his contribution.

In 1982, Money took advantage of the MTV music video scene with his humorous narrative videos for "Think I'm in Love", performed at The Mission Inn Hotel & Spa, and "Shakin'". In the early 1980s, he appeared on The Midnight Special, Fridays, and Solid Gold. In 1978 and 1984, he appeared on American Bandstand.

Money's career began to decline following an unsuccessful 1983 album (Where's the Party?) However, he made a comeback in 1986 with the album Can't Hold Back, which received a music recording certification of platinum. "Take Me Home Tonight", a single from the album, peaked at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States. Money only agreed to perform the songwhich included a line from "Be My Baby", a song Ronnie Spector performed as part of The Ronettesafter Spector agreed to sing the line herself. In 1987, Money was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for "Take Me Home Tonight". "I Wanna Go Back" and "Endless Nights"two other singles from the Can't Hold Back albumpeaked at No. 14 and No. 21, respectively.

In 1988, Money released Nothing to Lose, which featured the Top 10 hit "Walk on Water" and the Top 40 hit "The Love in Your Eyes".

Beginning in 1992, Money opened the summer concert season for the Pine Knob Music Theater in Clarkston, Michigan where he would return to open the venue for 27 consecutive years. In 1996, he wrote the theme music to Quack Pack, a Disney cartoon.

Money was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame in 2008. In January 2010, he performed a medley of his hit singles during the halftime performance at the Liberty Bowl.

Money wrote and performed original songs for the films Americathon (1979), Over the Top, Back to the Beach (both 1987), and Kuffs (1992), along with the television series Hardball (19891990).

In the three days following Money's death, fans streamed "Take Me Home Tonight" more than 3.1million times, which was an increase of 349 percent compared to the previous three-day period. Fans also streamed his other songs by 931 percent more than the three previous days.

Television, film, and radio career

Money made several screen appearances.

In 1997, he appeared in Wonderland, a documentary film about Levittown, New York, where Money went to high school. In the film, he said if he had "two tickets to paradise, I'd probably get back to Levittown".

Money played a fictionalized version of himself on a 1999 episode of season 5 of The Drew Carey Show. In the episode, he had been Mimi's first husband early in his career and they never made their divorce official. In May 2002, he played himself on an episode of the sitcom The King of Queens.

In October 2011, Money became the host of "Money in the Morning", a radio show on WSRV. The gig lasted about three months. He appeared in a 2012 GEICO insurance commercial in which he is depicted as a travel agency owner who sings "Two Tickets to Paradise" to a family that wants tickets for a vacation.

In January 2016, Money partnered with Howard Perl Entertainment, MTV VJ Nina Blackwood, and Hard Rock Rocksino to produce "Money for the Animals", a show designed to raise funds and adopt rescue animals in need.

In 2018, Money appeared in episode 6 of The Kominsky Method as a fictionalized version of himself who is indebted to the Internal Revenue Service and portrays the character Freddie Money in an eponymous tribute act at a casino to avoid further tax problems.

On April 8, 2018, Real Money, a reality television series about Money and his family, debuted on AXS TV. An episode sharing his cancer diagnosis aired on AXS TV the day before he died. The show's second season was expected to follow Money's "journey as he tells his family about the disease and undergoes treatment."

In late April 2018, Weekly Alibi's August March interviewed Money, who discussed his career, his family, and his new television show.

Personal life and death

In 1980, after drinking vodka, Money overdosed on a synthetic barbiturate that he mistook for cocaine. He suffered damage to the sciatic nerve on his left leg, was unable to walk for months, and had a permanent limp thereafter.

On Valentine's Day 1984 in Moraga, California, Money married Margo Lee Walker, a student from Los Angeles. Money and his bride tried to keep the wedding private, "but a crowd of screaming teenage fans showed up."

Money married Laurie Harris in 1989. Together, they had five children: Zachary, Jessica, Joseph, Julian, and Desmond. They were married for 30 years and had renewed their vows three months before his death.

In March 2000, Money purchased a home in Westlake Village, California, where he lived with his family. At one point in the early 2000s, Money also had a home in Island Estates, a gated community in Palm Coast, Florida, which he called "my place to play golf, be creative, go fishing, go surfing and have fun".

In 2001, Money joined a 12-step program to deal with his drinking and made a promise to his wife and children that he would change. In 2003, he reported that he was clean and sober.

Money — who had been a cigarette smoker for years — developed pneumonia following a minimally invasive heart valve replacement surgery in July 2019, causing him to cancel tour dates. On August 24, 2019, he revealed that he had been diagnosed with stage 4 esophageal cancer; he died of complications from the cancer at Keck Hospital of USC in Los Angeles on September 13, 2019, at age 70. A year later, his family filed a lawsuit alleging wrongful death against the hospital, with an additional allegation of medical malpractice.

Discography

Studio albums
 Eddie Money (1977)
 Life for the Taking (1978)
 Playing for Keeps (1980)
 No Control (1982)
 Where's the Party? (1983)
 Can't Hold Back (1986)
 Nothing to Lose (1988)
 Right Here (1991)
 Love and Money (1995)
 Ready Eddie (1999)
 Wanna Go Back (2007)

References

External links

1949 births
2019 deaths
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American male singers
American people of Irish descent
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Guitarists from New York (state)
Musicians from Brooklyn
Participants in American reality television series
People from Seaford, New York

Eddie Money


Estlink is a set of HVDC submarine power cables between Estonia and Finland. Estlink 1 is the first interconnection between the Baltic and Nordic electricity markets followed by Estlink 2 in 2014.  The main purpose of the Estlink connection is to secure power supply in both regions to integrate the Baltic and Nordic energy markets.

Estlink 1

History
First plans for a submarine power cable between the Baltic and the Nordic regions were proposed in 1990s.  Negotiations between Eesti Energia, Pohjolan Voima, Helsingin Energia, Graninge (now E.ON Sverige), Latvenergo, Statkraft and TXE Nordic Energy, a subsidiary of TXU (now Energy Future Holdings Corporation) started In 1999, and on 9 October 2001 a contract was signed in Tallinn.  However, only after the harsh winter of 2002–2003 which resulted in an increased demand for power, the project of the submarine cable between Estonia and Finland got a boost.  The letter of intention for underwater sea cable was signed between Eesti Energia, Pohjolan Voima, Helsingin Energia and Latvenergo on 31 March 2003.  In May 2004, the Lithuanian power company Lietuvos Energija agreed to participate in the project, shortly after which the project company AS Nordic Energy Link was established. On 29 April 2005, the Estlink project was launched.  Construction of Harku converter station and land cable installation begins on 5 April 2006.  The submarine cable was laid in September 2006.  The Estlink cable was inaugurated on 4 December 2006 and it became fully operational on 5 January 2007.

The Estlink 1 cable was operated by AS Nordic Energy Link company, founded by Baltic and Finnish power companies. The main shareholder was Eesti Energia with 39.9% of the shares, Latvenergo and Lietuvos Energija had 25% each, and the remaining 10.1% was divided between Pohjolan Voima and Helsingin Energia (operating through their joint project company Finestlink).  On 30 December 2013 the interconnector was sold to the transmission system operators Elering and Fingrid.

Description
The  long (including  under water) +/-150 kV, 350 MW HVDC link cable is connected to the Estonian electrical system at the Harku 330 kV converter station and to the Finnish transmission network at Espoo 400 kV converter station in Järvikylä using HVDC Light transmission technology. The installation of land cable began on 4 May 2006 in Harku. The submarine cable was laid on the seabed of the Gulf of Finland in the autumn of 2006. The cable's maximum depth on the seabed is .

The cable is constructed by ABB.  The submarine cable was laid by Global Marine Systems using the Sovereign service vessel.  The project cost €110 million.

Sites

Estlink 2

History
A preliminary agreement on EstLink 2 was signed between Elering and Fingrid on 15 February 2010 in Tallinn.  Capital investment decision by Fingrid was made on 20 May 2010.  A construction agreement was signed on 1 November 2010.

On 23 December 2010, the contract to manufacture and install the subsea and underground cables was awarded to Nexans, the contract to build converter stations was awarded to Siemens, the contract to build the Nikuviken cable terminal station and to expand the Anttila substation in Finland was awarded to Empower Oy, and the contract to build the transmission line between Anttila and Nikuviken was awarded to ETDE, a part of Bouygues.

Laying of the cable started on 15 October 2012 and it is laid by the cable ship Nexans Skagerrak.  The cable testing started on 22 October 2013.  A trial operation started on 6 December 2013 and continued until 6 February 2014 after which it started commercial operations.  It was officially inaugurated on 6 March 2014.

Description
The total length of Estlink 2 would be , including a  long offshore cable, a  long onshore cable in Estonia, and  of overhead lines in Finland.  The  long underground cable starts at the Püssi substation and runs the coast of the Gulf of Finland at Aseri. From there the  long offshore cable runs to the Nikuviken cable terminal station in Finland. The Nikuviken cable terminal station will be connected with the Attila converter station by the  long overhead line.

Estlink 2 will be a classic bidirectional monopolar high-voltage direct current connection with line-commutated converter thyristors. Its maximum transmission rate will be 650 MW and it will operate with a voltage of 450 kV.  Its estimated cost is about €320 million, of which converter stations cost €100 million and cable €180 million.  The European Commission has decided to allocate €100 million to the project.

Sites

Waypoints of overhead line in Finland

Estlink 3

On June 28, 2022, Elering and Fingrid signed a memorandum of understanding to begin planning for a third submarine cable, EstLink3, with a capacity of up to 1000 MW, expected to be completed by 2035.

See also

 Balticconnector (gas pipeline between Estonia and Finland)
 NordBalt (between Lithuania and Sweden)
 Fenno-Skan (between Finland and Sweden)
 Baltic Cable (between Germany and Sweden)
 SwePol (between Poland and Sweden)
 List of HVDC projects

References

External links
 Nordic Energy Link
 Estlink 2 Newsletter. issue 2, May 2011 (PDF)

Electrical interconnectors to and from the Baltic grid
Electrical interconnectors to and from the Nordic grid
Energy infrastructure completed in 2006
Energy infrastructure completed in 2014
HVDC transmission lines
Submarine power cables
Connections across the Baltic Sea
Electric power infrastructure in Estonia
Electric power infrastructure in Finland
Estonia–Finland relations
2006 establishments in Estonia
2006 establishments in Finland

Estlink


The Gulf of Guinea is off West Africa. It is in the northeast of the tropical Atlantic Ocean.

The Gulf is between Cape Lopez in Gabon, north and west to Cape Palmas in Liberia. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the Gulf.

Among the many rivers that drain into the Gulf of Guinea are the Niger and the Volta. The coastline on the gulf includes the Bight of Benin and the Bight of Bonny.

Islands in the Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea has a number of islands, the largest of which are in a southwest-northeast chain, forming the Cameroon line of volcanoes.

Annobón
Annobón, also known as Pagalu or Pigalu, is an island that is part of Equatorial Guinea.

Bioko
Bioko is an island off the west coast of Africa in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Equatorial Guinea.

Corisco
Corisco is an island belonging to Equatorial Guinea.

The Elobeys
Elobey Grande and Elobey Chico are two small islands belonging to Equatorial Guinea.

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe (officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe) is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea. It became independent from Portugal in 1975.

Other websites

Guinea
Atlantic Ocean
Geography of Africa

Gulf of Guinea


The Glasgow and Ibrox Tramway operated a horse tramway service in Glasgow, Scotland, between 1879 and 1891.

History

The Glasgow and Ibrox Tramway Company built this line from Ibrox to the Paisley Toll Road on the Govan boundary with Glasgow where it connected with the Vale of Clyde Tramways.

Closure

Unable to make a profit, the company went bankrupt on 25 May 1891 and sold the line to the Glasgow Commissioners of Police on 10 July 1893. From 1891 the services were operated by Glasgow Tramway and Omnibus Company. It was taken over by Glasgow Corporation Tramways on 10 November 1896.

References

Tram transport in Scotland
4 ft 7¾ in gauge railways in Scotland
1879 establishments in Scotland
1891 disestablishments in Scotland
Govan
Transport companies established in 1879
Transport companies disestablished in 1891
British companies disestablished in 1891
British companies established in 1879

Glasgow and Ibrox Tramway


Cameron Parish was the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Anglican church in colonial Virginia with jurisdiction over the western part of Fairfax County and, once it was created in 1757, over Loudoun County. The parish was named for the minor title of Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Baron of Cameron.  The parish was created in 1748 from Truro Parish.  It was divided in 1770 and Shelburne Parish was formed from the western half of Loudoun County. After 1770, Cameron Parish covered eastern Loudoun County until disestablishment ended the parish system by 1786.

The parish in colonial Virginia
The Anglican church was the established religion of the Colony of Virginia from 1619 - 1776.  Each parish in the colony was ministered to by a single minister and governed by a vestry usually composed of 12 local men of wealth and standing in the community.  Parishes were created by acts of the House of Burgesses and the upper house of the legislature, the Governor's Council.

Formation of the parish
Cameron Parish was created by the General Assembly of Virginia in 1748 when Truro Parish was divided along Difficult Run. It included what is, at present, Loudoun County and the western part of Fairfax County. The parish was named for Thomas, Lord Fairfax, who was also 6th Baron Cameron.  He was the lord proprietor of much of Northern Virginia during the colonial period, which he inherited through his mother's line, the Culpepers.

In 1763, the parish boundaries were adjusted to include all of Loudoun County, as it was then configured.  In 1770, Shelburne Parish was created out of the western part of Cameron Parish.  Thus, Cameron Parish's boundaries included the Potomac River on the north, Bull Run on the south, Goose Creek to the west, and the Fairfax County line in the east.

Places of worship
The oldest chapel built in what would become Cameron Parish was originally a "Chapel of Ease for the comfort of the people above the Goose Creek," built in 1733 by the vestry of Truro Parish.  It was a log structure near the Big Spring about two miles north of present-day Leesburg.

Other churches built were all also wooden structures and included Rocky Run Chapel, Broad Run Church, and Mountain Chapel. In 1773, the Sugarland Run Church, a brick structure, was built on a site in present-day Sterling.

Clergy
 Rev. John Andrews (1758–67)
 Rev. Archibald Avens (1767–71)
 Rev. Spence Monroe Grayson (1773–76)

See also

Episcopal Diocese of Virginia:History

References

Episcopal Church in Virginia
Colonial United States (British)
Anglican organizations established in the 18th century
Colony of Virginia

Cameron Parish, Virginia


In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil that fuse and bind the soil particles. These deposits can range from dissolved silica to matrices formed from iron oxides and calcium carbonate. Others are man-made, such as hardpan formed by compaction from repeated plowing, particularly with moldboard plows, or by heavy traffic or pollution.

Formations
Soil structure strongly affects its tendency to form a hard pan. One such common soil condition related to hardpan is soil pH. Acidic soils are most often affected due to the propensity of certain mineral salts, most notably iron and calcium, to form hard complexes with soil particles under acidic conditions.

Another major determinant is the soil particle size. Clay particles are some of the smallest particles commonly found in soils. Due to their structure the space between individual clay particles is small and already restricts the passage of water, reducing infiltration and hence drainage. Soils with a high clay content are also easily compacted and affected by man-made discharges. Clay particles have a strong negative electrostatic charge and will readily bond to positively charged ions dissolved in the soil-water matrix. Common salts such as sodium ions contained in wastewater can fulfil this role and lead to a localized hardpan in some soil types. This is a common cause of septic system failure due to the prevention of proper drainage in field.

Problems and workarounds
Hardpan can be a problem in farming and gardening by impeding drainage of water and restricting the growth of plant roots. In these situations, the hardpan can be broken up by either mechanical means such as digging or plowing, or through the use of soil amendments. The broadfork is a manual tool specifically designed for this task; a digging fork or a spade might also be used. The chisel plow does a similar job with the help of a tractor.

The use of soil amendments can also be employed to alter the soil structure and promote the dissolution of the hard pan. It has been observed that increasing the amount of soil organic matter through the working-in of manure, compost or peat can both improve local drainage and promote the proliferation of earth worms that can, over time, break relatively thin hardpan layers.

More difficult hardpans may be further improved through the action of both adjusting the soil pH with lime if the soil is acidic, and with the addition of gypsum. This combination can help loosen clay particles bound into a hardpan by the actions of hard salts such as iron, calcium carbonate and sodium, by promoting their mobility through a higher pH while proving a suitable source of exchanging minerals (the gypsum). This works because gypsum salts, although not "soft", are still water permeable and have a larger, more open structure, the results of which do not promote as hard a matrix as was replaced. However, unlike when employing mechanical means, breaking a hardpan through the use of amendments may require action over the course of years, and even then one is by no means assured success. The results are primarily determined by how extensive and / or intractable the hardpan is.

See also
 Caliche
 Claypan
 Duricrust
 Duripan
 Fragipan
 Forestiere Underground Gardens

References

Soil
Pedology

Hardpan


Lydia R. Diamond (born April 14, 1969, in Detroit, Michigan) is an American playwright and professor. Among her most popular plays are The Bluest Eye (2007), an adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel; Stick Fly (2008); Harriet Jacobs (2011); and Smart People (2016). Her plays have received national attention and acclaim, receiving the Lorraine Hansberry Award for Best Writing, an LA Weekly Theater Award, a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the 2020 Horton Foote Playwriting Award from the Dramatists Guild of America.

She has taught playwriting at DePaul University, Loyola University, Columbia College Chicago, Boston University, and University of Illinois at Chicago. She is also a Huntington Playwright Fellow and a Resident Playwright at Chicago Dramatists.

Early life
Lydia Diamond was born Lydia Gartin in Detroit, Michigan in April 1969. After her parents divorced when she was three, she was primarily raised by her mother. Diamond's upbringing was artistically inclined, her mother and grandparents were all musicians and educators. They moved frequently due to her mother's work, living in Amherst, Massachusetts; Carbondale, Illinois; and Waco, Texas, where she completed high school.

Her family encouraged her to pursue the violin, like her grandfather, but she discovered a love of theatre while in high school after joining the drama club. She studied theater at Northwestern University, where she switched her focus from acting to playwriting.

Career

Early career
Towards the end of her college career, Diamond wrote her first play entitled, "Solitaire" which was awarded the Agnes Nixon Playwriting Award at Northwestern. After graduating from Northwestern with a B.A. in Theatre and Performance studies in 1991, she met John Diamond, who was working on getting his Ph.D. in sociology. They would marry in 1996.

Not long after college she went on to form her own Theatre company called "Another Small Black Theatre Company With Good Things To Say and A lot of Nerve Productions". Using her own company she put up Solitaire and other shows at the since closed 'Cafe Voltaire' in Chicago where her acting and writing career blossomed

Critical years
In 2004, Lydia gave birth to her son, Baylor; and John took on a teaching job at Harvard and they relocated to Boston. Diamond, who had made a name for herself in Chicago as a serious playwright, had to restart her career in New England, all while caring for a newborn. "I went from being playwright-about-town and educator to being faculty wife and new mother, without the buffer of my own community and my very close girlfriends."

Diamond soon started to gain traction in the city, in 2006 The Huntington Theatre chose her for the Playwriting Fellows program. The Boston theatre company, Company One, produced her adaptation of Toni Morrison's novel "The Bluest Eye"; the story is that of a young black girl longing for blue eyes so that she may be seen by the world around her. Diamond also started teaching at Boston University around this time.

In 2008, Company One produced her play, "Voyeurs de Venus", which revolves around a young anthropologist who is investigating the life and exploitation of a Sarah Baartman, an African woman paraded through Europe as a sideshow attraction in the 19th century.

From 2011 to 2012, her play Stick Fly played on Broadway, in a production produced by Alicia Keys.

Her play "Smart People" debuted at the Huntington Theater in May 2014.

In 2017, her play The Bluest Eye was produced by the Guthrie Theater in Minneapolis, MN.

Works
 Here I Am…See Can You Handle It
 The Gift Horse (2001)
 Voyeurs de Venus (2006)
 The Bluest Eye (2007)
 Stick Fly (2008)
 Lizzie Stranton (2009)
 Harriet Jacobs (2011)
 Smart People (2016)
 Toni Stone (2019)

References

 "Replenishing and Recycling an Exhausted History in Lydia R. Diamond's Voyeurs de Venus" Journal of Literary Studies. Retrieved Jul 15, 2020.

Citations

Bibliography
 "Lydia R. Diamond, Assistant Professor (Playwriting and Theatre Arts)" Boston University profile. Retrieved Feb 26, 2014.
 "Lydia R. Diamond on Stick Fly", Interview by Joel Markowitz, DC Theatre Scene, January 17, 2010. Retrieved Jan 28, 2010.
 "Playwright Lydia Diamond's miracle year", by Robert Israel, EDGE Providence, Wednesday Jan 13, 2010. Retrieved Jan 28, 2010.
 "An Interview with Lydia Diamond", McCarter Theatre Center web site, Princeton, NJ
http://www.goodmantheatre.org/artists-archive/creative-partners/playwrights/lydia-r-diamond/

1969 births
Living people
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
African-American dramatists and playwrights
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
21st-century American dramatists and playwrights
American women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Writers from Detroit
DePaul University faculty
Loyola University Chicago faculty
Columbia College Chicago faculty
Boston University faculty
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
American women academics
20th-century African-American women writers
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American women writers
21st-century African-American writers

Lydia R. Diamond


Lauren Cohn is a radio host at WLS in Chicago.
Cohn previously worked as a morning anchor at WLS-TV in Chicago in 1993. She later moved to be an Anchor/general assignment reporter at WBBM-TV in 1998. Then, she worked for WFLD as a general assignment and health  reporter. In February 2004, she moved to WCAU-TV in Philadelphia where she worked as an anchor/reporter until March 2007. While with WCAU she was nominated for the Best Anchor Emmy in 2004 and 2005. Then she moved back to Chicago to anchor the 10pm Newscast at Fox News Chicago. On August 30, 2010 it was announced that she would be joining WTXF-TV in Philadelphia as the main anchor.  She left WTXF in January 2013.

Cohn co-hosted with John Kass 9-11am weekdays at WLSAM890.
After Kass/Cohn's radio show ended on Thursday, February 26, 2015, they were both shown the door in yet another WLS programming shakeup, according to blogger Robert Feder. Cohn will be given the opportunity to audition as a possible cohost with morning show host John Howell. Cohn began appearing alongside Howell during the week of March 2, 2015. Meanwhile it was announced the same day that Chicago radio personality Jonathan Brandmeier was hired by WLS, headed to the former Kass/Cohn timeslot. Further details were to be announced later.

References

American television journalists
American women television journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American women

Lauren Cohn


Roland Grubb Kent (February 24, 1877 – June 27, 1952) was an American educator and a founder of the Linguistic Society of America (LSA).  He was the first person to translate Marcus Terentius Varro's De Lingua Latina into English.

Ken's 1903 doctoral thesis on the history of Thessaly traces the history of the country with particular attention to the times between 600 and 300 BC. Unfortunately, only Chapter V and two appendices were published, and the bulk of his dissertation is currently lost. His Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon is one of the seminal works on the subject.

Biography
Kent was born in Wilmington, Delaware in 1877 to Lindley Coates Kent and Anna Grubb Kent. Lindley Ken was a decorated American Civil War officer and owner of a successful Wilmington lumber business.  Anna Kent was a descendant of John Grubb, the early Delaware settler.

After receiving his M.A. from Swarthmore College in 1898, Roland Kent continued his classical education at Berlin and Munich universities before completing his studies at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1903, Roland obtained his Ph.D. with a thesis on the history of Thessaly.

Kent was appointed Instructor in Greek language and Latin at the University of Pennsylvania in 1904, where he taught for the rest of his career.   In 1909 he became assistant professor of comparative philology, and he was promoted to full professor in 1916; from 1942 to his retirement in 1947 his title was Professor of Indo-European linguistics.

Kent was a founder of the LSA and served as treasurer from 1924 to 1942.  He was elected as president of the LSA for 1941.

He died in 1952 and was interred at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Major works by Roland Kent
A History of Thessaly from the Earliest Historical Times to the Accession of Philip V of Macedonia, Lancaster, Pa., 1904 (printing of Chap. V, Apps. I-II of the Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1903).
"Studies in the Old Persian Inscriptions," JAOS 35, 1918, pp. 321–52.
(with James R. Ware) "The Old Persian Cuneiform Inscriptions of Artaxerxes II and Artaxerxes III," Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 55, 1924, pp. 52–61.
The Textual Criticism of Inscriptions, Language Monographs 2, Philadelphia, 1926; repr., New York, 1966.
"The Recently Published Old Persian Inscriptions," JAOS 51, 1931, pp. 189–240.
The Sounds of Latin: A Descriptive and Historical Phonology, Language Monographs 12, Baltimore, 1932; 3rd ed., 1945; repr., Millwood, N.Y., 1979.
"The Name Ahuramazda," in Jal Dastur Cursetji Pavry, ed., Oriental Studies in honour of Cursetji Erachji Pavry, London, 1933, pp. 200–208.
"The Present Status of Old Persian Studies," JAOS 56, 1936, pp. 208–25.
Varro: On the Latin Language, with an English Translation, ed. Roland G. Kent, 2 vols., London and Cambridge, Mass., 1938 (The Loeb Classical Library, 333-334; many reprints).
The Forms of Latin: A Descriptive and Historical Morphology, Baltimore, Md., 1946.
Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon, New Haven, Conn., 1950 (American Oriental Series, 33; 2nd ed., 1953, many reprints).

References

External links

1877 births
1952 deaths
Burials at West Laurel Hill Cemetery
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Linguists from the United States
Swarthmore College alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Linguistic Society of America presidents
People from Wilmington, Delaware

Roland Grubb Kent


The Bear Valley Grange Hall is a historic meeting hall in Chester Township, Minnesota, United States.  It was built in 1874 for the exclusive use of a local chapter of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, an early farmers' advocacy group and fraternal organization.  The chapter folded in the 1880s and the building has been used since as the Chester Town Hall.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 for having local significance in the theme of social history.  It was nominated for being the only surviving Grange hall in Wabasha County—and one of only a few in Minnesota—and a rare example of a purpose-built Grange hall, as most chapters met in existing spaces like schools.

Description
The Bear Valley Grange Hall is a one-story wood frame building on a limestone rubble foundation, measuring .  The narrow ends are gabled and contain the front and rear exits.  This front-gabled form of vernacular architecture was used widely in the American Midwest for churches, commercial buildings, meeting halls, and schools.  The front door, on the hall's north end, is centered and flanked by two windows with large wood shutters.  There are four similar windows on both of the side walls.  The windows and doors are topped by lightly peaked lintel trim with rain caps.  There are no decorative elements otherwise.  The building is sided with clapboard and consists of a single room.

The hall stands on a slight rise amid agricultural land.  It is near the unincorporated community of Bear Valley along Wabasha County Road 3 in Section 24 of Chester Township.  The nearest city is Zumbro Falls.

History
The Order of Patrons of Husbandry was founded by Minnesotan Oliver Hudson Kelley in 1868 as the first national advocacy group for farmers.  Envoys spread out across the United States helping local chapters, called "subordinate granges", to organize.  Grange official T.A. Thompson of Plainview, Minnesota, arrived in Wabasha County in 1870 for this purpose.  With his assistance Bear Valley was one of the first six subordinate granges in the county and the 50th statewide.  The Bear Valley Grange built this hall for themselves in 1874.  The selected site was on land owned by a farmer named C. M. Boutelle, adjacent to the principal local road, which ran from Lake City to Mazeppa.  Of the 18 subordinate granges active in Wabasha County that year, only one other had its own meeting hall.

The rapid growth of the Grange, as it came to be known, was prompted by the massive changes in agricultural life after the American Civil War.  Mechanized implements and more complex practises were being promoted, the rural population was booming, and railroad access linked farmers directly to eastern markets.  Farmers previously engaged in subsistence agriculture were suddenly part of a vast, national economic network about which they had little knowledge or control.  The Grange promised economic, educational, and social advancement for farmers, with opportunities to learn the latest scientific techniques, form agricultural cooperatives, and push for regulation of the railroads.  The Grange also had a strong recreational component; rural communities had been lacking in social outlets aside from religious groups.  Chapters hosted numerous lectures, potluck suppers, and other gatherings.  Grange membership, open to any men and women involved in agriculture, numbered some 750,000 nationwide by 1876.

The initial heyday of the Grange was short-lived, however.  Due to over-enthusiasm and poor judgment, several organizational efforts in Minnesota failed, and membership quickly declined.  The Bear Valley Grange had been one of Wabasha County's largest, with over 100 members, but it dissolved in the 1880s.  The hall was repurposed as a town hall for Chester Township, an ongoing use which led to the preservation of the building.

See also
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Wabasha County, Minnesota

References

1874 establishments in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Wabasha County, Minnesota
City and town halls in Minnesota
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Grange buildings on the National Register of Historic Places
Grange organizations and buildings in Minnesota
National Register of Historic Places in Wabasha County, Minnesota
Vernacular architecture in Minnesota
Wooden buildings and structures in the United States

Bear Valley Grange Hall


The Press Information Bureau, commonly abbreviated as PIB, is a nodal agency of the Government of India. Its parent agency is under Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Their headquaters is in National Media Centre, New Delhi. Press Information Bureau distribute information to print, electronic and web media on government plans, policies, programme initiatives and achievements.

The head of PIB is also the Official Spokesperson of the Government of India and holds the rank of Principal Director General (or Special Secretary).

History
The Press Information Bureau was established in June 1919, Simla, as a small cell of the Home Ministry under the British government. Its main task was to prepare a report on India to be placed before the British Parliament.

The first head of the publicity cell was Dr. L.F. Rushbrook Williams of Allahabad University who was designated as Officer on Special Duty.  Prof. Williams had earlier worked with Sir Stanley Reed on the Central Publicity Board.

In 1941, J. Natrajan became the first Indian to be head the Bureau as Principal Information Officer. The organisation's name was changed to the Press Information Bureau in 1946.

The Bureau has been reconstituted many times since the independence of India in 1947.

References

Other websites

 History of PIB

Government agencies of India

Press Information Bureau


Dawn of Mana is a 2006 action-adventure game for the PlayStation 2. It was developed and published by Square Enix. It is the eighth game of the Mana series and the third entry in the World of Mana subseries, following the release of Children of Mana nine months prior and Friends of Mana two months prior. Set in a high fantasy universe, Dawn of Mana follows a young hero, Keldric, as he journeys to close a portal to a land of darkness that has been opened in the base of the Tree of Mana and is corrupting the world.

While it contains some small role-playing elements, Dawn of Mana diverges from the prior two-dimensional action role-playing game titles of the series to focus directly on action-adventure gameplay in a full 3D world. Incorporating the Havok physics engine, the gameplay focuses on the player grabbing and throwing objects and monsters in order to startle enemies before attacking them with a sword and magic. Keldric grows more powerful as the player journeys through an area, only to reset to his base abilities with each new zone unless difficult extra challenges are met. Unlike many of its predecessors, the game does not feature any cooperative multiplayer component.

Dawn of Mana was designed, directed, and produced by series creator Koichi Ishii. The script was written by Ryo Akagi, based on a story created by Masato Kato, and the music was composed by a group led by Kenji Ito. It is the final game in the series to be developed in-house by Square Enix. The game was a moderate commercial success: it sold 229,000 copies in its first ten days of release in Japan, and over 410,000 copies worldwide by the end of 2008. While critics praised the graphics and music as beautiful and lush, they found the leveling system annoying, the combat controls difficult and frustrating, and the story trite.

Gameplay

Unlike previous games in the Mana series, Dawn of Mana takes place in a full three-dimensional world, in which the player characters navigate the terrain and fight off hostile creatures. The player controls the main character, Keldric, and is followed for almost all of the game by a fairy spirit, Faye. Unlike previous games in the series, Dawn is an action-adventure game, rather than an action role-playing game; as such, gameplay is focused on movement and attacking enemies, rather than leveling-up character statistics. Keldric is able to run, roll, and jump through the game world. Keldric has access to a vine-like plant attached to his arm, which can be used at any time as either a sword, a whip, or a slingshot. The sword can be used to hit enemies and objects, the whip can grab and throw enemies and objects, and the slingshot can throw collectible pebbles as projectiles. Faye can cast magic spells, selectable by the player.

The combat system in Dawn of Mana is called the Mono system, based around the Havok physic engine. Almost all objects in the game, including enemies, are moveable, allowing Keldric to throw objects at enemies, or even throw other monsters. Keldric can either throw objects in the direction he is facing, or can target a specific enemy or object to aim at them. When something is thrown near an enemy, they Panic, resulting in a counter over their head that counts down to zero to end the Panic. While panicked, enemies take more damage from attacks and spells. Defeating enemies when they are panicked gives the player two types of medals, which can either boost the player's health and attack damage, or mana and magic damage. Throwing multiple objects can Panic enemies more; when the Panic meter is greater than 99 the player can receive better medals. Defeating enemies also grants experience points, which raise Keldric and Faye's level up to a maximum of four, granting higher health, mana, and damage, and granting new spells and attacks. In addition to being throwable, many objects in the game are also destructible.

The game is divided into eight chapters and a prologue; at the end of each chapter, the player is graded on their performance, and all of their statistics and medals are reset. The only items which carry over between chapters are emblems, which are given to the player for achieving high scores in a chapter or defeating hidden monsters. High scores are achieved by defeating more enemies, and defeating enemies with high Panic meters. In addition to the main game is a challenge arena, accessible through the main menu, where Keldric can fight timed battles against powerful foes. Keldric can fight alongside AI-controlled pets in these challenges, found in eggs throughout the game. The challenge arena also contains a shop, which contains emblems, eggs, and bonuses like extra music or higher game difficulties, which can be bought with money dropped by enemies throughout the game.

Plot
Dawn of Mana opens on the fictional island of Illusia, a place where the giant Mana Tree lies dormant. Much of the story takes place on Fa'Diel, a continent composed of the five nations of Jadd, Topple, Ishe, Wendell, and Lorimar. At the start of the game Ritzia, a Maiden in charge of tending to the Tree, and Keldric, her knight and the player-controlled character, have left their village to find Ritzia's missing pet. While they are out, Illusia is attacked by King Stroud of Lorimar. The pair rush to the Tree of Mana, thinking that Stroud intends to attack the legendary beast that lies sleeping underneath its roots. While searching for the beast, Keldric finds a seed of the Tree, which attaches to his arm and can transform into a slingshot, a whip, or a sword. They also find Faye, a spirit child, who can cast magic and joins them. When they reach the center of the labyrinth of roots, Stroud's men catch up to them; they had been searching for Ritzia, not the beast. Stroud intends to open a portal to Mavolia, a land of darkness sealed away for centuries, and believes Ritzia is part of the key as a Maiden had been a part of opening the portal before. Stroud leaves with Ritzia to find the rest of the key, and Keldric and Faye chase after them.

Keldric and Faye, with the help of the great beast, Flammie, force the Lorimarian army to leave the village. They chase after Stroud, catching up to him at the coast. There they free Ritzia, only to be attacked by Stroud, wielding the other part of the key—the Sword of Mana. Keldric is thrown off of Stroud's airship, and the Lorimarians invade Illusia again. Stroud opens the portal, and a wave of dark energy is released, transforming the Tree, turning the people of Illusia into monsters called Grimlies, and releasing dark monsters from Mavolia. Keldric and Faye flee, and head for Fa'Diel.

A year of wandering later, the dark energy has begun to affect other countries in Fa'Diel. Keldric discovers in Jadd that Ritzia plans to release the Mavolian energy to cover the whole world. He and Faye journey back to Illusia, only to discover Ritzia seemingly possessed and saying that it is their destiny to rule the world. After she runs away, Keldric meets a masked stranger who tells him that he was the one to close the portal centuries ago, sealing up the Maiden who had opened it, Anise, inside. He also reveals that Stroud is Keldric's older brother. When Keldric and Faye reach the portal, they find Stroud and Ritzia fighting. Stroud is trying to prevent Ritzia, possessed by Anise, from destroying the world, but is being mutated by the dark energy. Keldric defeats the mutated Stroud, and then fights Ritzia. Realizing that the only way to close the portal is to defeat Anise, he is forced to kill Ritzia along with her. The spirits of Ritzia and Faye then merge with the Tree of Mana, the portal is sealed, and Illusia is restored.

Development
In 2003, Square Enix began a drive to begin developing "polymorphic content", a marketing and sales strategy to "[provide] well-known properties on several platforms, allowing exposure of the products to as wide an audience as possible". The first of these was the Compilation of Final Fantasy VII, and Square Enix intended to have campaigns for other series whereby multiple games in different genres would be developed simultaneously. In early 2005, Square Enix announced a "World of Mana" project, the application of this "polymorphic content" idea to the Mana franchise, which would include several games across different genres and platforms. These games, as with the rest of the series, would not be direct sequels or prequels to one another, even if appearing so at first glance, but would instead share thematic connections. The third release in this project and the eighth release in the Mana series was announced in September 2005 as Seiken Densetsu 4, the first 3D game in the series, though no other details were given in favor of promoting the first game, Children of Mana.

Dawn of Mana was designed, directed, and produced by series creator Koichi Ishii. The script was written by Ryo Akagi, based on a story created by Masato Kato. The main objective of the development team was to convert the entire Mana world into a 3D environment, rather than just starting from scratch graphically and adding new elements to the gameplay. Ishii had previously wanted to make the 1999 PlayStation game Legend of Mana a 3D game, but the console had been unable to handle his vision of the player interacting with natural shaped objects in a full 3D world. He wanted to create a Mana title that could explore "the feeling of touch" in a game. After seeing the Havok physics engine in a demo of Half-Life 2 at E3 in 2004, Ishii decided to use the system in Dawn to give players a visual link between environments, objects, and characters. He hoped the physics engine and 3D graphics would allow him "to create a world where players utilize a variety of actions to alter the world and the objects contained within". Although Ishii has said that the games in the series are only thematically connected, he has also asserted in an interview that Dawn is set ten years before Children of Mana, which depicts the aftermath of the "cataclysm" of Dawn.

Music

The score for Dawn of Mana was composed by Kenji Ito, while Tsuyoshi Sekito and Masayoshi Soken contributed numerous tracks and Grammy Award-winning musician and film composer Ryuichi Sakamoto wrote the theme song, "Dawn of Mana". Tracks originally composed for earlier games in the series by Ito, Hiroki Kikuta, and Yoko Shimomura were also arranged for Dawn of Mana by the main three composers. Sekito focused on the game's boss themes, while Soken worked on other battle music. Ito had previously composed the music for the first game in the Mana series, Final Fantasy Adventure (1991), as well as its 2003 remake Sword of Mana, and for the 2006 Children of Mana. This was the first soundtrack in the Mana series to feature work by Sekito, Soken, or Sakamoto, though Sekito and Soken had worked for Square Enix previously on other titles. The music of the game covers a range of styles, including rock, classical, and orchestral. Sakamoto drew inspiration for the theme song from the image of the Mana tree shown at the title screen of the game. The album Seiken Densetsu 4 Original Soundtrack -Sanctuary- collects 106 tracks from Children of Mana on four discs and is nearly four and a half hours in length. It was published by Square Enix on January 24, 2007. A promotional album, Breath of Mana, was released along with preorders of the game in Japan on December 21, 2006. The thirteen-minute disc contains five orchestral and piano songs, all composed by Ito, three of which did not appear on the full soundtrack album.

Reception

Dawn of Mana sold over 229,000 copies in Japan by the end of 2006, ten days after release, and was the top-selling PlayStation 2 title in Japan during its release week. As of November 2008 it had sold over 340,000 copies in Japan. The game sold 70,000 copies in North America by November 2007.

Upon its release, Dawn of Mana received generally poor reviews over a wide range, with numerical scores that range from 30 to 80 out of 100. Reviewers praised Dawn of Mana'''s graphics and character design; GameSpot's Kevin VanOrd called it colorful and "pretty", and praised the particle effects, while a reviewer for GameTrailers noted the "gorgeous in-game cinematics". Gabe Graziani of GameSpy also called out the cinematics in his review, calling them "beautifully rendered and animated" and the highlight of the game. IGN's Jeff Haynes liked the scale and variety of the 3D environments and called out the character models as worthy of praise. Andrew Fitch of 1UP.com, however, described the level design as "chaotic" despite the "charming, candy-coated graphics". Joe Juba and Matt Miller of Game Informer said that the environments are "pretty bland", but praised the rest of the graphics heavily. Michael Beckett of RPGamer said that "Dawn of Mana's visual style is highly impressive" and especially praised the character design and color palette. The music was also praised; VanOrd called it "the highlight of the sound design" and the GameTrailers reviewer claimed that Dawn of Mana had a "lush soundtrack filling every moment of the game". Beckett also praised the music, and noted the callbacks in the largely orchestral score to previous games in the Mana series.

The gameplay was heavily criticized by reviewers such as Fitch of 1UP.com, who disliked both the way the character abilities reset with every new area and the "inane" and "mundane" system for collecting emblems, criticisms echoed by GameSpot's VanOrd. The GameTrailers review added that the way the character's levels and abilities reset in each area "zaps the sense of accomplishment from the game as a whole". Haynes of IGN also found issues with the targeting system for attacking enemies at range, finding it ineffective, and also criticized the leveling system and the game's map. Graziani of GameSpy felt the targeting system was one of the worst parts of Dawn of Mana, along with the camera system—a complaint also raised by Haynes. Both Fitch and VanOrd focused their criticisms of the controls on the Havok physics engine, which they felt was poorly utilized and left the player feeling out of control—unable to aim when throwing objects or easily control the character during the game's jumping sections. Juba of Game Informer felt that the physics engine left the controls "laughably uncooperative".

The game's story was also not seen as a highlight; Graziani called it "trite" and "fan service", while Fitch deemed it "a bit of a Neverending Story rip-off", though a charming one. Beckett of RPGamer called it "a somewhat trite tale of boy chases girl" and noted "a general lack of closure to the story". Juba of Game Informer, however, deemed it an "interesting plot". Both the GameTrailers review and VanOrd praised the "charm" of the characters, though VanOrd noted that they were making up for an unoriginal plot. Overall, several reviewers felt that Dawn of Mana was a divergence from the rest of the series that did not add as much as it took away; even the notably high-scoring Japanese Famitsu'' review felt that the change in gameplay would confuse fans and other players.

Notes

References

External links

2006 video games
Action-adventure games
Japanese role-playing video games
Mana (series) video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Open-world video games
Video games scored by Kenji Ito
Video games scored by Masayoshi Soken
Video games scored by Tsuyoshi Sekito
Video games using Havok
Single-player video games
Video games scored by Ryuichi Sakamoto

Dawn of Mana


An Aranjanam is a thin belt or tie worn around the waist by many South Asian people. It is usually made of gold or black cotton and gold. It is given to baby boys on the 28th day after the baby is born. The tradition is common in south India for people of any religion. The parents believe it keeps away evil (bad) spirits. Many South Asian adults wear an Aranjanam. They wear it under their clothes. They usually keep it on all the time, even when nude.

Jewelry

Aranjanam


Channing Emery Phillips (March 23, 1928 – November 11, 1987) was an American minister, civil rights leader, and social activist based in Washington, D.C. In 1968, he was the first African American in history to be placed in nomination for president of the United States by a major political party.

Early life
Phillips was born in Brooklyn. His father was a Baptist minister. He grew up in New York City and Pittsburgh. He served in the United States Army in the late-1940s. Phillips earned a bachelor's degree from Virginia Union University and a Master of Divinity from the Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School. He also did postgraduate work at Drew University.

Career
Phillips moved to Washington, D.C., where he was a founding member of Coalition of Conscience. He also worked as a professor of divinity at Howard University. This conglomeration of local organizations worked to alleviate social problems in the capital. For seven years, Phillips served as the pastor of Lincoln Temple, United Church of Christ, in Washington.

In 1968, Phillips headed Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in D.C. He led the delegation from the District of Columbia to the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago. Members of the District's Delegation were originally pledged to Robert F. Kennedy. But, following Senator Kennedy's assassination in early June in California, the delegation voted instead to nominate Rev. Phillips as a favorite son.

He received 68 votes (behind Hubert Humphrey, Eugene McCarthy and George McGovern). By some accounts, Rev. Phillips was the first black person ever so nominated at a major party convention. He was the first African American to receive votes for the presidential nomination at a Democratic National Convention. Abolitionist Frederick Douglass received votes for president at the 1888 Republican National Convention, but it does not appear from the official record that his name was put into nomination.

Phillips said that his candidacy was meant to show that "the Negro vote must not be taken for granted." At the time of his candidacy, Phillips was president of the Housing Development Corporation, a government-backed housing venture in the federal capital.

In 1971 Phillips ran to become the first congressional delegate to the United States House of Representatives from D.C., but lost the Democratic primary to Walter E. Fauntroy. He was an advocate for full home-rule status for the District of Columbia.

Phillips later moved back to New York City in 1982. He became Minister of Planning and Coordination at the Riverside Church.

Personal life
He died of cancer at the age of 59 and was survived by his wife, Jane, and their children, two sons: Channing D. Phillips, acting United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, and John E. Phillips of Manhattan, and three daughters: Sheilah P. Peterson and Tracy J. Phillips of Manhattan, and Jill C. Phillips of Oakland, California. The funeral was held at Riverside Church in New York.

References

Sources
 Our Campaigns - Candidate - Channing E. Phillips

1928 births
1987 deaths
Candidates in the 1968 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
Activists from Brooklyn
Religious leaders from Brooklyn
African-American candidates for President of the United States
Activists for African-American civil rights
African-American Baptist ministers
African-American people in Washington, D.C., politics
Activists from New York (state)
Washington, D.C., Democrats
Baptists from New York (state)
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
20th-century African-American politicians
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States

Channing E. Phillips


Sir Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 4th Baronet (21 December 1907 – 12 September 1978) was a British artist. He was the fourth holder of the Cook Baronetcy. He was the only son of Sir Herbert Cook, 3rd Baronet, inheriting his father's  titles in 1939.  After World War II he dispersed the majority of the very important family collection of Old Master paintings.

Life
Educated at Bradfield College, he became an artist, musician and art historian, exhibiting at the Royal Academy. Paintings by Cook appear in the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, Manchester, Northampton and Bournemouth. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (1940–78) and an Associate of the Royal Society of British Artists (1938–48).  Cook was a founding member of the Jersey Society of Artists, and the Jersey Artists Group.

Forty Dutch pictures from the family art collection were sold to Katz of Dieren in 1939, with more being sold off after the family home of Doughty House was bomb damaged in 1944 – fortunately much of the collection had been transferred to Cothay Manor in Somerset, which he also owned.  Cook moved to Jersey in 1948 with the remaining 30 paintings from his collection.  Some of his works stored at Le Gallais' depository in Saint Helier were lost in a fire in 1949. Many of these works were later recreated by Cook from photographs.

In 1955 Cook bought a house in Saint Brelade which he restored along with its gardens. These became a subject of a number of paintings. In the 1970s he bought the former Methodist chapel at Les Augrès, Trinity, which he converted to a studio and gallery. The conversion remained unfinished at his death, and on 4 May 1984 his widow made a donation of 1200 paintings to the Jersey Heritage Trust along with the former chapel, which has since been named the Sir Francis Cook Gallery.

In June 1958 Cook sold a painting through Sotheby's for £45 that later became known as Leonardo da Vinci's Salvator Mundi which was sold for $450 million by Christie's to Saudi Prince Badr bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Farhan. The family was of the belief that the artist of the piece was Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio, a contemporary and studio mate of da Vinci.

Marriages
Molly Violet Mappin, daughter of Thomas Wilson Mappin, on 15 February 1928, divorced in 1930
Dorothea Alice Bennett, daughter of Colonel William Bennett, on 25 February 1933, divorced in 1935
Joan Loraine Case, daughter of John Aloysius Ashton Case, on 8 June 1937, divorced in 1942
Barbara Frances Lang, in October 1942, divorced in 1947
Juliet Berry Perkins, daughter of Christopher Edward Perkins, on 5 September 1947, divorced in 1951
Jane Audrey Nott, daughter of Christopher Nott, on 10 August 1951, divorced in 1956
Bridget Brenda Lynch, daughter of Thomas David Lynch, on 3 December 1956

References

Sir Francis Cook, Carolyn Bailey, Jersey Museums Service, no date

External links

Story of the collection and its sale
Biography Person Page

1907 births
1978 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
People educated at Bradfield College
20th-century English painters
English male painters
English art historians
20th-century English historians
20th-century English musicians
20th-century English male artists

Sir Francis Cook, 4th Baronet


Fourth is the fourth studio album by the rock band Soft Machine, released in 1971. The album is also titled Four or 4 in the USA.

Overview
The numeral "4" is the title as shown on the cover in all countries, but a written-out title appears on the spine and label. This was the group's first all-instrumental album, although their previous album Third had almost completed the band's move in this direction toward instrumental jazz, and a complete abandonment of their original self-presentation as a psychedelic pop group, or progressive rock group. It was also the last of their albums to include drummer and founding member Robert Wyatt who afterwards left. He had already recorded a solo album, The End of an Ear (in which he described himself on the cover as an "Out of work pop singer currently on drums with Soft Machine"), and now founded a new group, Matching Mole, whose name was a pun on "Soft Machine" as pronounced in French: "Machine Molle".

Like the previous Soft Machine album, some tracks have the band augmented by additional musicians. These include Mark Charig and Nick Evans, who had been in the septet lineup of late 1969, and Roy Babbington, who would join the band in 1973.

In 1999, Soft Machine albums Fourth and Fifth were re-released together on one CD.

In 2007, Fourth was re-released as part of the series Soft Machine Remastered – The CBS Years 1970–1973.

The booklets of these re-releases contain liner notes written by Mark Powell from Esoteric Recordings about the history of Soft Machine, their musical development and as one of the first relevant bands in the so-called  progressive rock scene.

Track listing
All compositions by Hugh Hopper except where indicated.

Side one
"Teeth" (Mike Ratledge) – 9:15
"Kings and Queens" – 5:02
"Fletcher's Blemish" (Elton Dean) – 4:35

Side two
"Virtually Part 1" – 5:16
"Virtually Part 2" – 7:09
"Virtually Part 3" – 4:33
"Virtually Part 4" – 3:23

Personnel
Soft Machine
 Elton Dean – alto saxophone, saxello
 Mike Ratledge – acoustic piano, Hohner Pianet electric piano, Lowrey organ
 Hugh Hopper – bass guitar, fuzz bass
 Robert Wyatt – drums

Additional personnel
 Roy Babbington – double bass (1, 3, 4, 6)
 Mark Charig – cornet (2, 3, 4)
 Nick Evans – trombone (1, 2, 4)
 Jimmy Hastings – alto flute (6), bass clarinet (1, 6)
 Alan Skidmore – tenor saxophone (1, 6)

References

External links
 Soft Machine - Fourth (1971) album review by Ken Taylor, credits & releases at AllMusic
 Soft Machine - Fourth (1971) album releases & credits at Discogs
 Soft Machine - Fourth (1971) album credits & user reviews at ProgArchives.com
 Soft Machine - Fourth (1971) album to be listened on Spotify
 Soft Machine - Fourth (1971) album to be listened on YouTube

Soft Machine albums
1971 albums
CBS Records albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by Hugh Hopper
Albums produced by Mike Ratledge
Esoteric Recordings albums
Albums produced by Robert Wyatt
Albums produced by Elton Dean

Fourth (album)


Haqā'iq al-Furqān (Urdu: حقائق الفرقان, haqā'iq-ul-furqān, lit. "Inner Verities of the Discriminant") is a 4 volume exegesis of the Quran compiled from the discourses and sermons of Hakeem Noor-ud-Din, the first Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. The work is in Urdu.

Noor ud-Din was known for his lectures on tafsir. He studied the classical Islamic sciences and was also a hafiz. He was well-versed in Hebrew and Arabic, especially classical Arabic. He was also a scholar of hadith, having memorized thousands of the sayings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and having deep knowledge of the Riwayah and Dirayah sciences (chain of transmission and contents of hadith) through his learning in various parts of India and Arabia.

Features and themes
This tafsir is steeped in the classical Islamic style, utilising classical Arabic lexicon as well as the science of hadith to understand Qur'anic verses, and the author was an expert in both. It also has many Sufi undercurrents in the tafsir, often incorporating mystical and esoteric knowledge of the Qur'an in addition to exterior meanings.

Contents of the commentary
Volume 1: Surahs 1–3.
Volume 2: Surahs 4-17
Volume 3: Surahs 18-48
Volume 4: Surahs 49-114

External links
Haqa'iq al-Furqan Urdu

See also

 Tafseer-e-Kabeer

Ahmadi tafsir
Quranic exegesis
Islamic theology books

Haqaiq al-furqan


The Rupal River is an east-west glacial stream rising from the meltwater of the Rupal Glacier in northern Pakistan. The stream flows through the Rupal Valley, south of Nanga Parbat, before turning northeast to the village of Tarashing. The Rupal drains into the Astore River, which eventually reaches the Indus River near Jaglot.

Rivers of Pakistan

Rupal River


Warwolf is the name of different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

Publication history
The Cybertek version of Warwolf first appeared in Deathlok (vol. 2) #1 and was created by Dwayne McDuffie, Gregory Wright, Denys Cowan, and Mike Manley.

The Vince Marcus version of Warwolf first appeared in Nick Fury's Howling Commandos #1 and was created by Richard Buckler.

The Martin Reyna version of Warwolf first appeared in S.H.I.E.L.D. (vol. 3) #9 and was created by Al Ewing and Stefano Caselli.

Fictional character biography

Cybertek version
Warwolf was created by Billy Hansen and others at Cybertek Systems Inc. (a cybernetic research division of Roxxon Energy Corporation) as a hunter assassination cyborg which occurred before the creation of Deathlok. Billy Hansen and his colleagues placed a gray wolf brain into the cyborg body. From his imprisonment, Harlan Ryker remotely activated it and sent it to attack all his former superiors who might testify against him for the creation of Deathlok. Billy Hansen was the first person Warwolf attacked and killed him upon shattering his car. Then it broke into the National Security Agency facility where it destroyed all records that were pertaining to Harlan Ryker's investigation. Upon traveling to Cybertek's main facility in Paterson, New Jersey where Deathlok was meeting with Jim Dworman, Deathlok discovered that Warwolf had the brain of a gray wolf and made certain that its systems were on non-lethal mode. After Deathlok was unable to stop Warwolf from destroying the computerized files, Warwolf escaped where it moved faster than Deathlok. When Deathlok infiltrated the Danbury Maximum Security Federal Penitentiary to confront Harlan Ryker, Warwolf also showed up and targeted Cybertek's account manager John Rozum. Deathlok managed to prevent Warwolf from attacking John Rozum. Deathlok used his energy pistol to incapacitate Warwolf. Deathlok rescinded the "no killing" parameter and put Warwolf out of its misery since it was undergoing a system failure and that its organic components would fail in 6 hours. There was enough back-up memory that Dworman was able to call up Harlan Ryker's kill orders.

Vince Marcus
Vince Marcus is a member of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s Howling Commandos Monster Force. He is the field commander. It is unknown yet when he joined S.H.I.E.L.D. or why he is nicknamed Warwolf.

He has fought with guns and also used his claws to infiltrate the "Lords of Lightning", a doomsday cult and led the assault on Stonehedge when Merlin and faeries were bringing their world into ours.

Martin Reyna
Martin Reyna is a S.H.I.E.L.D. Agent that is in charge of Area 13's S.T.A.K.E. (short for Special Threat Assessment for Known Extranormalities), a division that is in charge of dealing with supernatural events. Martin was also working with Dr. Paul Kraye on secret projects which he feared the returned Life Model Decoy of Dum Dum Dugan would discover sooner or later for which both decided they had to get rid of Dum Dum Dugan before he discovered them.

As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel event, Martin Reyna was made the supervisor of the latest Howling Commandos which is led by Dum Dum Dugan.

Warwolf was with the Howling Commandos at the time when they helped Old Man Logan rescue Jubilee from Dracula.

Powers and abilities
The Cybertek version of Warwolf has super-strength, enhanced durability, and could run at 317 mph, enough to shatter a car. It had eye socket-mounted plasma projectors that release highly destructive beams with the side effects leaving Warwolf blind when in use and can overload if overused.

Vince Marcus in werewolf form has superhuman strength, good reaction time, enhanced durability and endurance, speed, and heightened senses. Outside of the use of his claws and fangs, Warwolf wields a dagger and an energy pistol. Unlike other lycanthropes, Warwolf is affected by Mars instead of by the Moon.

Martin Reyna has a Warwolf Gene Package embedded on his right mechanical arm which he can use to mutate into a werewolf.

Other versions

Earth-7484
War-Wolf was a cyborg created for Simon Ryker, presumably under Project: Alpha-Mech. Ryker considered him his first success, as Deathlok's rebellious nature rendered him a failure for Ryker's needs. War-Wolf's original human body is unidentified.

Deathlok tracked reports of his old comrade Mike Travers to the Statue of Liberty. There he fought his way past Simon Ryker's agents and into a cell, which contained Ryker and the War-Wolf, whom Ryker claimed to by Travers.

Ryker sent War-Wolf to kill Deathlok, who found himself unable to fight back against what he believed to be his best friend. Allegedly programmed with Travers' knowledge on Manning, War-Wolf punched Deathlok to the ground, but Deathlok forced him to fire back with his laser pistol, blasting War-Wolf's pistol from his hand. Deathlok was unable to make himself follow up on the attack, and War-Wolf then smashed him with a piece of machinery and then battered him repeatedly, eventually even tearing out his life-line. War-Wolf continued to pummel the rapidly weakening Deathlok, but then Ryker became overconfident and revealed that War-Wolf was not Travers (he further claimed Travers had died on the operating table, though Travers was later shown to be alive). This had the opposite effect of what Ryker intended, and Deathlok was newly inspired to fight back against War-Wolf. Deathlok tackled War-Wolf off the top of the Statue of Liberty's pedestal and made sure that War-Wolf took the impact fully on his back. Though his computer stated that his opponent's main circuits were near to a dead halt, Deathlok refused to stop. He continued to beat on War-Wolf, knocking his dagger from his hand and then blasting a hole through his chest with his laser pistol. His computer analyzed the cyborg opponent as demolished.

In other media
 The Martin Reyna incarnation of Warwolf, known as Werewolf, appears in Hulk: Where Monsters Dwell, voiced by Edward Bosco. This version is a member of the Howling Commandos.
 The Vince Marcus incarnation of Warwolf appears as a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.

References

External links
 Warwolf (Vic Marcus) at Marvel Wiki
 Warwolf (Michael Travers) at Marvel Wiki
 Warwolf at Comic Vine
 Warwolf of Earth-7484 at Marvel Appendix
 Cybertek Warwolf at Marvel Appendix

Marvel Comics cyborgs
Fictional werewolves
Marvel Comics characters
Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman senses
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
S.H.I.E.L.D. agents
Howling Commandos

Warwolf (Marvel Comics)


Nadine Vanessa Dorries (née Bargery, born 21 Mey 1957) is an Inglis politeecian, an a member o the Unitit Kinrick pairlament at Wastmeinster, representin the Conservative Pairty.  She represents the Mid Bedfordshire consteetuency in the Hoose o Commons.

1957 births
Livin fowk
21st-century Breetish weemen politeecians
Conservative Pairty (UK) MPs for Inglis constituencies
Creetics o the European Union
Female members o the Pairlament o the Unitit Kinrick for Inglis constituencies
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Weemen bloggers
UK MPs 2019–

Nadine Dorries


Catharine Elisabeth Frydendahl (née Møller) (30 November 1760 – 30 November 1831) was a Danish opera singer, and the prima donna of Danish opera in the 18th century.

Life and career
The child of the glovemaker Hans Jacob Möller, she became a student in the singing school at the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen in 1776. She debuted in 1777, and quickly became regarded as one of the greatest talents within Danish opera; it is considered that she and Michael Rosing were prime influences in making it possible to use native actors to play opera seria in Denmark in the 18th century. She was also one of the first Danish singers to give concerts.

Her voice was nevertheless thought to be a great undeveloped talent by experts, a judgement given as late as 1793, on a study trip to Dresden. She was also active as an actor, though she was not considered as good in this field. As a person, she was described as a "difficult diva", who argued with the management and plotted against her colleagues. She had a relationship with General von Eickstedt, who was one of the Theatre's directors, and it was thought that, in 1780, she caused her greatest rival, Caroline Frederikke Müller, to leave Denmark. Indeed, in 1800, she and her husband were placed in jail after a conflict with the Theatre. She retired from the Royal Danish theatre in 1821, and gave her last ever concert in 1823.

Catarine was from 1789 married to the court-violinist Jörgen Berthelsen and 1797 with the actor Jørgen Peter Frydendahl.

References

Biographical detail at KVInfo website

1760 births
1831 deaths
18th-century Danish women opera singers
19th-century Danish women opera singers
Singers from Copenhagen

Catharine Frydendahl


In atomic physics, Hund's rules are rules that determine how the electrons in an atom work. Often, the first of Hund's rules is most often mentioned. The first rule of Hund's rules is so important in chemistry that it is simply just called "Hund's rule".

Below is a brief description of Hund's rules.

 In each orbital, one electron is placed in each orbital before pairing. For example, if the  orbital is filled to , all of the electrons will not be paired. The  orbital will continue to be filled until it reaches 6 electrons, making that orbital full.
 If all electrons are orbiting in the same direction, some of them will be orbiting the opposite direction.
 Energy will shift due to spinning of the electrons.

References

Nuclear physics

List of Hund's rules


Kippax Plantation was located on the south bank of the Appomattox River in what is today the City of Hopewell in southeast Virginia. Kippax Plantation was the home of Colonel Robert Bolling (1646–1709). Bolling married Jane Rolfe, who was the granddaughter of Pocahontas and John Rolfe. Their only child, John Bolling was born at Kippax in 1676, and settled nearby at Cobbs Plantation, just west of Point of Rocks across the Appomattox River in what is now Chesterfield County. While Jane's father Thomas Rolfe (1615–1675) never lived at Kippax Plantation, it is believed that he was buried there, as were Robert and Jane.

Kippax Plantation is considered to be a well-preserved archaeological site that is also well documented. Archaeologist Donald W. Linebaugh, of the University of Kentucky, located the remains of Col. Bolling's house in Hopewell, Virginia in 2002.

Most of the current digging is performed at the site of the unearthed residence. Research by graduate students from the College of William and Mary, headed by Donald W. Linebaugh, have found the remains of at least four separate structures spanning the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries at the Kippax site. These structures have the potential to answer important research questions regarding the history of early trade between Europeans and Native Americans, the lives of the African American slaves who lived there, and the cultural interaction between these groups.

The Archaeological Conservancy recently purchased the site of Kippax Plantation to protect it from development. Members of the Archaeological Conservancy are in the process of raising the $205,000 needed for the purchase.

References

External links
 Historic Hopewell Foundation

Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Colony of Virginia
Plantations in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Hopewell, Virginia
Bolling family of Virginia
Rolfe family of Virginia
Houses in Hopewell, Virginia

Kippax Plantation


Isaac Job Weaver (28 October 1869 – 17 May 1954) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Warrenheip to farmer Edward Weaver and Ellenor Southerton. His formal education lasted two years, and growing up he worked on the family farm at Boort. He became a sheep and wheat farmer, and was active in local agricultural circles. Around 1897, he married Margaret Ritchie, with whom he had two children. In 1917 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Korong, representing the Victorian Farmers' Union. He joined the Country Party in 1920 and was a member of its central council from 1920 to 1922 and from 1928 to 1933. In 1927, his seat was abolished, and he was defeated whilst running for Korong and Eaglehawk. From 1938 to 1943, he was a member of John McEwen's Liberal Country Party. Weaver died in Mansfield in 1954.

References

1869 births
1954 deaths
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Colony of Victoria people

Isaac Weaver


Safety statement is the name given to the document that outlines how a company manages their health and safety in the Republic of Ireland, based upon the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act, 2005. The requirement to have a written safety statement is outlined in Section 20 of the above Act, although it was also a requirement in the original (but now revoked) Act of 1989. The document is primarily based on the risk assessment of workplace hazards.

Summary
The safety statement document details how the organisation identifies, assesses and controls risks in the workplace and what arrangements are in place to achieve this. It is a legal requirement for all employers, regardless of the number of employees. The exceptions are if there are three or fewer employed by a company or self-employed person and the sector or work activity carried out is covered under a Code of Practice prepared by the Health and Safety Authority, then that is considered to be sufficient (although in this case, there is still a requirement to carry out risk assessments for the work activity).

Background
It is a legal requirement in nearly all countries for employers to ensure the health and safety of employees and others who may be affected by an organisations work activities (such as members of the public, contractors, site visitors or guests etc.). This requirement is normally explicitly stated in the health and safety legislation that applies to each country. There are usually a number of basic criteria that need to be met by employers in order to achieve this goal (such as adequate training, suitable instruction and supervision, the provision of information, provision of emergency response plans and the assessment of risk amongst others). In addition, there is normally a requirement for an organisation to document in writing how it will ensure that it meets the minimum legal health and safety requirements.

References

External links
 Irish Health and Safety Authority

Occupational safety and health
Statements

Safety statement


RING finger protein 135 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RNF135 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene contains a RING finger domain, a motif present in a variety of functionally distinct proteins and known to be involved in protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. This gene is located in a chromosomal region known to be frequently deleted in patients with neurofibromatosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.

Interactions
RNF135 has been shown to interact with RARRES3.

References

Further reading

RING finger proteins

RNF135


Friedrich Lorenz (10 June 1897 in Klein Freden – 13 November 1944 in Halle) was a Catholic priest and a member of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate.

Life
Friedrich Lorenz was born as a postman's son in 1897 in Klein Freden in today's Hildesheim district in Lower Saxony. In 1902, the family moved to Hildesheim. Here Lorenz had his first contact with the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. He went to the St. Karl Oblate boarding school in Limburg in the Netherlands from 1911 to 1916. In connection with this, he joined the Novitiate of the Oblates at Maria Engelport Monastery, although one month later, the monastery had to let him go because he had been called into the army. In the First World War, he fought as a corporal and a non-commissioned officer on the Western Front. For his bravery, he was awarded the Iron Cross, second class.

After the war, he joined the monastery again, took his eternal vows on 25 July 1923, and a year later, was ordained a priest by the Bishop of Fulda, Joseph Damian Schmitt. Lorenz had his first posting in the People's Mission. Because he found it hard to deliver sermons, he was transferred to Schwerin.

On 1 September 1939, he had to return to the military as a chaplain as the Second World War was looming. Once again, he received the Iron Cross for his bravery. In 1940, he returned to Schwerin. Here he developed contacts with the "Wednesday Circle" ("Mittwochskreis"), a discussion group for men from the Stettin pastoral area. On 4 February 1943, the Wednesday Circle was stormed by the Gestapo resulting in 40 people being arrested, among them Friedrich Lorenz. Lorenz was sentenced by the Reichskriegsgericht in Torgau on 28 July 1944 to death for "listening to enemy broadcasts", "undermining the fighting forces", and "helping the enemy". The sentence was upheld in later proceedings from 2 to 4 September. On 13 November 1944 at 16:00, Father Friedrich Lorenz OMI was beheaded in Halle. His body was cremated. The burial of the urn took place on 3 November 1947 in the monastery graveyard in Hünfeld.

External links

 Biography

1897 births
1944 deaths
People from the Province of Hanover
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
People from Lower Saxony executed by Nazi Germany
German military chaplains
World War II chaplains
Roman Catholics in the German Resistance
People from Hildesheim (district)
People executed by Nazi Germany by guillotine
German military personnel of World War II
Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests
German Army personnel of World War I
Roman Catholic priests executed by Nazi Germany

Friedrich Lorenz


Gordon Hamilton Fairley DM, FRCP (20 April 1930 – 23 October 1975) was a professor of medical oncology. Born and raised in Australia, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he studied and worked. He was killed by a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb intended to assassinate Sir Hugh Fraser.

Life and work
The son of a research worker in tropical diseases, Sir Neil Hamilton Fairley, Fairley grew up in Melbourne. He later studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. Trained in hematology as Leverhulme Research Scholar at the Royal College of Physicians, he continued his research with an emphasis on immunohematology.

In 1968, he became director of the Clinical Research Unit at the Institute of Cancer Research. Two years afterward, he became director of the Medical Oncology Research Unit. In 1972, he was appointed Imperial Cancer Fund Professor of Oncology. As Professor of Medical Oncology at St Bartholomew's Hospital, he contributed a great deal to the chemotherapy and immunology of malignant disease, and, in particular, to the treatment of the malignant reticuloses.

In 1969 he delivered the Goulstonian Lecture to the Royal College of Physicians.

Death
The 45-year-old Fairley was killed by an IRA bomb in Kensington, London, on 23 October 1975 whilst walking his dog. The bomb, placed under a car outside the Fraser family home, was intended for Sir Hugh Fraser. Fraser, a long time friend of the Kennedy family, had been hosting Caroline Kennedy at the time. The Balcombe Street Gang were subsequently convicted of Fairley's murder.

Brian Keenan, a senior IRA commander, was also apprehended and stood trial at the Old Bailey in London in June 1980 accused of organising the IRA's bombing campaign in England and being implicated in the deaths of eight people, including Fairley. Keenan was sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment after being found guilty on 25 June 1980.

Fairley was married with four children, the youngest of whom was 12 years old when he died. Fairley had been offered an appointment as Elizabeth II's personal physician, but had turned it down, preferring to work with the public.

Legacy
Fairley is commemorated by a memorial sculpted by Richard Kindersley in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral which reads: "Gordon Hamilton-Fairley DM FRCP, first professor of medical oncology, 1930-75. Killed by a terrorist bomb. It matters not how a man dies but how he lives".

A ward at St Bartholomew's Hospital was named after him.

The European Society for Medical Oncology awards an annual medal and prize for a contribution to cancer research, named in honour of Fairley.

In 1982 his widow, Daphne, who was a speech and language therapist, established a specialist therapy school, Fairley House School, as a memorial to Fairley. Originally located in Prince's Gate, since 2005 the school has been located on Lambeth Road.

References

External links
 The Gordon Hamilton Fairley Fellowship e.g.  Cancer Research UK webpage
  In Memoriam: Gordon Hamilton Fairley 1930-1975

1930 births
1975 deaths
1975 murders in the United Kingdom
Place of birth missing
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Australian oncologists
Australian surgeons
Deaths by car bomb in England
People killed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army
Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
20th-century British medical doctors
20th-century surgeons

Gordon Hamilton Fairley


Roger of Salerno (or Roger of the Principate) (died June 28, 1119) was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119.
He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee, both participants on the First Crusade. He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112; the actual prince, Bohemund II, was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo. In 1114 there was an earthquake that destroyed many of the fortifications of the principality, and Roger took great care to rebuild them, especially those near the frontier.

Roger defeated Bursuq ibn Bursuq in 1115 at the Battle of Tell Danith. With Joscelin I of Edessa, Roger put enough military pressure on Aleppo that the city allied with Ortoqid emir Ilghazi in 1118. Ilghazi invaded the Principality in 1119, and despite the urging of the Patriarch, Roger did not wait for reinforcements from Jerusalem or Tripoli. At the ensuing Battle of Ager Sanguinis ("The battle of the Field of Blood") he had 700 knights and 3000 foot soldiers, including 500 Armenian cavalry, but nearly all were killed, including Roger himself. Ilghazi's forces scattered to plunder the surrounding land and did not attack Antioch itself. Baldwin II of Jerusalem came north to take over the regency of the principality.

He married Cecilia of Le Bourcq, daughter of Hugh I, Count of Rethel and sister of Baldwin II. No children of this union are recorded. Roger's reign was chronicled by his chancellor Walter.

Roger is also known in numismatic history for the unique series of coins, minted during his reign. Despite ruling for less than seven years, he had two different types of coin, minted in his name at Antioch. The first type bore the image of the Mother of God Orans, standing full-height. The second type bore the image of the Miracle of Saint George and the Dragon. It is quite possible that it was minted after Roger's great victory at the Battle of Tell Danith. Prince Roger was in fact the first ruler in the Christian world to depict the Miracle of Saint George and the Dragon on his coinage.

References

Sources

1119 deaths
Christians of the Crusades
Military personnel killed in action
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
Year of birth unknown
Regents of Antioch

Roger of Salerno


Olivia Heussler (born 1957 in Zurich, Switzerland) is a Swiss photographer known for her photos of major political, historical and cultural events.

Life and works
Olivia Heussler (*1957) was trained as a medical technician before becoming a photographer. She studied at Zurich art school, ZHdK as a guest student and lived in Paris on an art grant for a while. She lived in Nicaragua during the 1980s and worked in Israel, Palestine, Turkey, East and Western Europe, East-and North Africa and Pakistan. Her photo essays have depicted the Youth Movements in Zürich, Nicaragua during war and peace, the situation of the Kurds in Turkey and the Human Rights in Latin America. Her work on the Palestinian Union of Medical Relief Committees was published in Out of Jerusalem (Berne 1993), about labor in Schichtwechsel (Zürich and Bellinzona 1996), about the Gotthard mountain in: Gotthard: Das Hindernis verbindet (Zürich 2003), about Nicaragua from 1984 to 2007 in The Dream of Solentiname (Zürich 2009), about the Youth Movements in Zürich, Sommer 1980 (Zürich 2010), and El sueno de Solentiname (Nicaragua 2010). She is author of several photoessays and her work is present in public and private collections and has been exhibited widely in international Art exhibitions. She instructs students of photography and participates in forums. She lives with her daughter in Zurich, Switzerland.

Political views and activism

 "One doesn't have to photograph the battlefield to show what war is. I document what these movements provoke and can depict that. Most clearly, through those concerned, on whose side I am. " (Olivia Heussler)

 "As a Photographer it was also my duty to teach my subjects to take pictures themselves. … That is what I understand as development aid: give people a craft and instruction so they can work independently. And, given widespread illiteracy, photography is ideal for promoting autonomy." (Olivia Heussler)

Olivia Heussler's philosophy is to do photojournalism as human rights work inspired by one's own impulses, e.g. going where one feels one has to go to do one's work. With her choice of regions and localities, Heussler does not go by media attention, but travels independently, often joining colleagues of other professions, be they foreigners or local activists. This is the method followed in her most acclaimed photojournalist series from Kurdistan, Palestine and Nicaragua.

Solo exhibitions

1986 Nicaragua, Produzentengalerie, Zurich
1987 Nicaragua, Galería Fernando Gordillo, Managua
1988 Nicaragua, Nikon Live Galerie, Zurich
1991 Von Zeit zu Zeit, Galerie Mitte, Dresden
1991 Bildbruchbild, University of Zürich
1993 Out of Jerusalem, Photoforum PasquArt, Bienne
1994 Occupied women, Saint Gervais, Geneva
1995 Occupied women, Months of Photography, Bratislava
1996 Peoples in Zones of Conflict, Zafta Municipality, Haifa
1996 From time to time, Galleria La Rada, Locarno
2002 Vie de femmes, Federal office of migration, Berne
2002 Vie de femmes, Segment gallery Hofburg OSCE, Vienna
2002 Vie des femmes, United Nations Office, Vienna
2003 Via Gottardo, Leica Galerie, Bienne
2003 Via Gottardo, Museo nazionale, Ospizio San Gottardo
2009 Der Traum von Solentiname Kunstraum Winterthur
2010 Zürich, Sommer 1980, messagesalon downtown, Perla Mode, Zurich]
2014 Zurich. Photobastei Zürich
2017 Contres Pouvoirs, Halle au Blé, Altkirch, France
2019 Zurich, the 80s, Swiss Embassy, Belgrade, Serbia

Books published in English
 Jenseits von [[Jerusalem]], Out of Jerusalem] (Exhibition in Photoforum Pasquart in Biel, 7–20 June 1993), Texts: Martin Woker, Ruchama Marton, Sumaya Farhat Naser. Translation into English: Evan Scott Porter. Ed. Esther Woerdehoff. (Text in both English and German) Bern: Benteli, 1993.
 25 Years Rebuilding Lives: United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, Kälin, Walter. Photos by Olivia Heussler. Geneva: Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2006.  (English),  (French.),  (Spanish)
 Der Traum von Solentiname/The dream of Solentiname Photography Nicaragua 1984-2007, Texts: Sergio Ramirez, Martin Heller and Olivia Heussler in German, English and a textbooklet in Spanish. 220 b/w and color pictures. Edition Patrick Frey, Zürich 2009
 Zürich, Summer 1980 over 100 b/w photographs. With an essay by Stefan Zweifel, in German and English, Edition Patrick Frey, Zürich 2010
 El sueño de Solentiname/The dream of Solentiname, Photography Nicaragua 1984-2007 Texts: Sergio Ramirez, Martin Heller and Olivia Heussler in Spanish and English, 220 b/w and color pictures. UCA-IHNCA, Managua Nicaragua 2010

Examples of photojournalist work by subtitle

In The Face of Human Rights the following photos by Olivia Heussler can be found:

Prohibition of discrimination: Czech Republic, Brno, 1992: "Death for Gipsies!" (p. 109 above right), Guatemala, 1985: During a campaign by a women's group (Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo), formed to help one another (p. 143 above), Honduras, Tegucigalpa, April 1984: Honduran military generals during a meeting (p. 143 below), Switzerland, Zurich, March 1993: Refugees from Sri Lanka learning German (p. 149), Protection of private life: Italien, Brindisi, 1992: Police raid in the quarter il Paradiso (p. 339 above), The right to work: Pakistan, Quetta, 2001: Three Hazara boys work as carpet weavers 10 hours a day, seven days a week and for $30 a month (p. 511), Nicaragua, Mulukukú, 1994: Women of the MLO (Maria Luisa Ortiz) Women's cooperative are instructed in their carpentry workshop (p. 516), The Protection of property: Switzerland, Zurich, 1988: Allotment garden (p. 531 above), Fair trial and prohibition of torture: Turkey, Ankara, December 1990: Judge Muhittin Mihcak during a trial against three Kurdish lawyers (p. 584 below), Guatemala, Guatemala City, 1985: People standing in a public place in front of a list of missing persons (p. 605 below), Political rights and freedom of expression: Romania, Sibiu, 20 May 1990: The Roma family Mihai going to vote for the first time (p. 646), Romania, Sibiu, 20 May 1990: Romani woman Mrs Mihai is going to vote for the first time in 40 years (p. 653 above).
Some more contributions in: "Kurdistan. In the Shadow of History" by Susan Meiselas, New York

External links
 online photoarchive for download
 Heussler biography
 Heussler's scholarships
 Heussler's group exhibitions
 Heussler cooperated on
 Material on Olivia Heussler

Sources

20th-century Swiss photographers
1957 births
Living people
Artists from Zürich
Swiss artists
Swiss women photographers
21st-century Swiss photographers
20th-century women photographers
21st-century women photographers

Olivia Heussler