The University of Queensland (UQ, or Queensland University) is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane, the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland. Founded in 1909 by the Queensland parliament, UQ is one of the six sandstone universities, an informal designation of the oldest university in each state. UQ is also a founding member of edX, Australia's leading Group of Eight and the international research-intensive Association of Pacific Rim Universities.

The main St Lucia campus occupies much of the riverside inner suburb of St Lucia, southwest of the Brisbane central business district. Other UQ campuses and facilities are located throughout Queensland, the largest of which are the Gatton campus and the Mayne Medical School. UQ's overseas establishments include UQ North America office in Washington D.C., and the UQ-Ochsner Clinical School in Louisiana, United States.

The university offers associate, bachelor, master, doctoral, and higher doctorate degrees through a college, a graduate school, and six faculties. UQ incorporates over one hundred research institutes and centres offering research programs, such as the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Boeing Research and Technology Australia Centre, the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and the UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation. Recent notable research of the university include pioneering the invention of the HPV vaccine that prevents cervical cancer, developing a COVID-19 vaccine that was in human trials, and the development of high-performance superconducting MRI magnets for portable scanning of human limbs.

UQ counts two Nobel laureates (Peter C. Doherty and John Harsanyi), over a hundred Olympians winning numerous gold medals, and 117 Rhodes Scholars among its alumni and former staff. UQ's alumni also include University of California, San Francisco Chancellor Sam Hawgood, the first female Governor-General of Australia Dame Quentin Bryce, former President of King's College London Ed Byrne, member of United Kingdom's Prime Minister Council for Science and Technology Max Lu, Oscar and Emmy awards winner Geoffrey Rush, triple Grammy Award winner Tim Munro, former CEO and chairman of Dow Chemical Andrew N. Liveris, and current director of multiple organisations including IBM.

History

Foundation of the university

According to the Queensland Government's Heritage Register's History section:
Proposals for a university in Queensland began in the 1870s. A Royal Commission in 1874, chaired by Sir Charles Lilley, recommended the immediate establishment of a university. Those against a university argued that technical rather than academic education was more important in an economy dominated by primary industry. Those in favour of the university, in the face of this opposition, distanced themselves from Oxford and Cambridge and proposed instead a model derived from the mid-western states of the U.S.A. A second Royal Commission in 1891 recommended the inclusion of five faculties in a new university; Arts, Law, Medicine, Science, and Applied Science. Education generally was given a low priority in Queensland's budgets, and in a colony with a literacy rate of 57% in 1861, primary education was the first concern well ahead of secondary and technical education. The government, despite the findings of the Royal Commissions, was unwilling to commit funds to the establishment of a university.

In 1893, the Queensland University Extension Movement was begun by a group of private individuals who organised public lecture courses in adult education, hoping to excite wider community support for a university in Queensland. In 1894, 245 students were enrolled in the extension classes and the lectures were described as practical and useful. In 1906 the University Extension Movement staged the University Congress, a forum for interested delegates to promote the idea of a university. Opinion was mobilised, a fund was started and a draft Bill for a Queensland University was prepared. Stress was laid on the practical aspects of university education and its importance for the commerce of Queensland. The proceedings of the Congress were forwarded to Premier [of Queensland] Kidston. In October 1906, sixty acres in Victoria Park were gazetted for university purposes.

The University of Queensland was established by an Act of State Parliament on 10 December 1909 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Queensland's separation from the colony of New South Wales. The Act allowed for the university to be governed by a senate of 20 men and Sir William MacGregor, the incoming Governor, was appointed the first chancellor with RH Roe as the vice-chancellor. Old Government House ... [then Government House] in George Street was set aside for the university following the departure of the governor to the Bardon residence, Fernberg..., sparking the first debates about the best location for the university.

In 1910 the first teaching faculties were created. These included Engineering, Classics, Mathematics[,] and Chemistry. In December of the same year, the Senate appointed the first four professors; BD Steele in chemistry, JL Michie in classics, H. Priestley in mathematics and A Gibson in engineering. In 1911 the first students enrolled.
The university's first classes in the Government House were held in 1911 with 83 commencing students and Sir William MacGregor is the first chancellor (with RH Roe as vice-chancellor). The University of Queensland began to award degrees to its first group of graduating students in 1914.

1920s to 1990s

The development of the university was delayed by World War I, but after the first world war the university enrolments for education and research took flight as demand for higher education increased in Australia. Thus, in the early 1920s the growing university had to look for a more spacious campus as its original site in George Street, Brisbane, had limited room for expansion. In 1927, James O'Neil Mayne and his sister, Mary, provided a grant of approximately £50,000 to the Brisbane City Council to acquire  of land in St Lucia and provided it to the University of Queensland as its permanent home. In the same year, the pitch drop experiment was started by Thomas Parnell. The experiment has been described as the world's oldest and continues to this day. Lack of finance delayed development of the St Lucia campus. Hence, the construction of the university's first building in St Lucia only began in 1938. It was later named the Forgan Smith Building, after the premier of the day and it was completed in 1939. During World War II, the Forgan Smith Building was used as a military base and it served first as advanced headquarters for the Allied Land Forces in the South West Pacific.

The first Doctor of Science was awarded in 1942. The first PhD was awarded in 1952.

1990s to present day

In 1990, Australia reorganised its higher education system by abolishing the binary system of universities and colleges of advanced education. Under this transition, the university merged with Queensland Agricultural College, to establish the new UQ Gatton campus. In 1999, UQ Ipswich began operation as one of the completely web-enabled campuses in Australia.

In 2010, The University of Queensland was a recipient of the Queensland Greats Awards.

In May 2013, UQ joined edX, an international consortium of massive open online courses (MOOCs). From May 2014, the initial four UQx courses cover hypersonics, tropical coastal ecosystems, biomedical imaging and the science of everyday thinking.

Organisation and administration

The University of Queensland is organised into a number of divisions for academic, administrative and logistical purposes.

Governance
The senate is the governing body of The University of Queensland and consists of 22 members from the university and community. The senate is led by the chancellor and deputy chancellor, elected by the senate. The University of Queensland Act 1998 grants the senate wide powers to appoint staff, manage and control university affairs and property and manage and control finances to promote the university's interests.

 Vice-Chancellor and President
 Provost
 Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Academic)
 Deputy Vice-Chancellor (External Engagement)
 Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Research)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Advancement)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Indigenous Engagement)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research Infrastructure)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research Training)
 Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Teaching and Learning)
 Chief Operating Officer
 President of the Academic Board

The academic board is the university's senior academic advisory body. It formulates policy on academic matters including new programs, teaching, learning and assessment, research, promotions, student academic matters, prizes and scholarships. An academic board member is elected annually as its president. The president is assisted by a half-time deputy president.

Academic faculties
The university has six faculties to support both research and teaching activities.

Faculty of Business, Economics and Law
 School of Business
 School of Economics
 School of Law

Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology
 School of Architecture
 School of Chemical Engineering
 School of Civil Engineering
 School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
 School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences
 School of Dentistry
 School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
 School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences
 School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work
 School of Pharmacy
 School of Psychology

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
 School of Communication and Arts
 School of Education
 School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry
 School of Languages and Cultures
 School of Music
 School of Political Science and International Studies
 School of Social Science

Faculty of Medicine
 School of Biomedical Sciences
 School of Public Health

Faculty of Science
 School of Agriculture and Food Sciences
 School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences
 School of the Environment
 School of Mathematics and Physics
 School of Veterinary Science

UQ has a semester-based modular system for conducting academic courses. The Australian higher education model features a combination of the British system, such as small group teaching (tutorials) and the American system (course credits).

Finances
Over a decade, UQ received more than $200 million in additional revenue from billionaire Chuck Feeney's Atlantic Philanthropies, which matched funding with the Beattie government's Smart State program.

Academic profile

Rankings

Overall
Some of UQ's rankings are 36th in the world by the 2022 U.S. News, 47th in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2022, 43rd in the world in the 2024 QS World University Rankings, 70th in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024, 37th in the world in the CWTS Leiden Ranking 2022, and 33rd in the world in the 2022 NTU rankings.

UQ was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2022 in terms of the aggregate performance across QS, THE, and ARWU, as discovered by Aggregate Rankings of Top Universities published by UNSW.

Subject
Overall, UQ Business School's Master of Business Administration degree is ranked first in Asia Pacific and top 10 globally in The Economist Intelligence Unit 2016 MBA ranking. UQ's MBA degree is ranked 1st in Australia by the Australian Financial Review. UQ is also the top Australasian institution for life sciences in the U.S. News & World Report and the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

The university is also highly ranked in various engineering disciplines. In mining and minerals engineering, it stands in 3rd worldwide, in chemical engineering 76–100th worldwide, in civil engineering 76–100th worldwide, in material science and engineering 101–150th worldwide, and in electrical and electronic engineering it is ranked within 101–150th worldwide.

In the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) inaugural world subject rankings, UQ ranked first in Biodiversity Conservation, and top 10 in 13 subjects based on the numbers of research articles published in top-tier journals.

In the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2021, UQ ranked in the top 50 in the world in 20 subjects,. UQ is first in Australia, second in the world, for Sports-Related Subjects, and second in Australia, third in world, for Mineral & Mining Engineering .Research
Queensland has a strong research focus in science, medicine and technology. The university's research advancement includes pioneering the development of the cervical cancer vaccines, Gardasil and Cervarix, by UQ Professor Ian Frazer.
In 2009, the Australian Cancer Research Foundation reported that UQ had taken the lead in numerous areas of cancer research.

In the Commonwealth Government's Excellence in Research for Australia 2012 National Report, UQ's research is rated above world standard in more broad fields than at any other Australian university (in 22 broad fields), and more UQ researchers are working in research fields that ERA has assessed as above world standard than at any other Australian university. UQ research in biomedical and clinical health sciences, technology, engineering, biological sciences, chemical sciences, environmental sciences, and physical sciences was ranked above world standard (rating 5).

In 2015, UQ is ranked by Nature Index as the research institution with the highest volume of research output in both interdisciplinary journals Nature and Science within the southern hemisphere, with approximately twofold more output than the global average.

In 2020 Clarivate named 34 UQ professors to its list of Highly Cited Researchers.

Aside from disciplinary-focused teaching and research within the academic faculties, the university maintains a number of interdisciplinary research institutes and centres at the national, state and university levels. For example, the Asia-Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, the University of Queensland Seismology Station, Heron Island Research Station and the Institute of Modern Languages.

With the support from the Queensland Government, the Australian Government and major donor The Atlantic Philanthropies, The University of Queensland dedicates basic, translational and applied research via the following research-focused institutes:
 Institute for Molecular Bioscience – within the Queensland Bioscience Precinct which houses scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation and the Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery

 Translational Research Institute, which houses The University of Queensland's Diamantina Institute, School of Medicine and the Mater Medical Research Institute
 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
 Institute for Social Science Research
 Sustainable Minerals Institute
 Global Change Institute
Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science
 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation
 Queensland Brain Institute
 Centre for Advanced Imaging
 Boeing Research and Technology Australia Centre
 UQ Dow Centre

The University of Queensland plays a key role in Brisbane Diamantina Health Partners, Queensland's first academic health science system. This partnership currently comprises Children's Health Queensland, Mater Health Services, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Metro South Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, The University of Queensland and the Translational Research Institute.

 International partnerships
UQ is a partner of McDonnell International Scholars Academy - an international network of research universities and scholars comprising 28 university partners, including Boğaziçi University, Fudan University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Keio University, Korea University, Makerere University, Middle East Technical University, National Taiwan University, National University of Singapore, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Peking University, Reichman University, Seoul National University, State University of Campinas, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Tecnológico de Monterrey, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tsinghua University, University of Chile, University of Ghana, University of Hong Kong, University of Indonesia, University of Tokyo, Utrecht University and Yonsei University.

Commercialisation and entrepreneurship
UniQuest is the main commercialisation company of The University of Queensland and specialises in global technology transfer and facilitates access for all business. UniQuest has created over 100 startups from its intellectual property portfolio, and since 2000 UniQuest and its start-ups have raised more than $700 million to take university technologies to market. UQ technologies licensed by UniQuest include UQ's cervical cancer vaccine technology, image correction technology in magnetic resonance imaging machines, and the Triple P Positive Parenting Program.

Student life
The University of Queensland maintains a number of support and student services. The campuses at St Lucia and Gatton have Student Centres which provide information and support services.

UQ Union
The UQ Union is the peak student representation body that coordinates various student services and activities, including over 190 affiliated clubs and societies, some of whom are listed below.

 Semper Floreat University of Queensland Australian Football Club
 University of Queensland Debating Society (UQDS)
 University of Queensland Football Club
 Queensland University Regiment
 University of Queensland Rugby Club
 UQ Newman Catholic Society, which was the university's first official student society

UQ Sport

UQ Sport offers a wide range of sport, fitness and recreation opportunities at the St Lucia and Gatton campuses of the University of Queensland. Its facilities and services are open to students, staff, alumni, and the general public.

The UQ Aquatic Centre is operated by UQ Sport and consists of three pools; 50-metre and 25-metre outdoor heated pools and a small enclosed heated teaching pool. The main pool is a 50m lap pool with a minimum of three lanes dedicated to public lap swimming throughout the opening hours.

The UQ Athletics Centre maintains an Olympic standard 8 lane synthetic track and grandstand able to accommodate up to 565 spectators. The UQ Sport and Fitness Centre is a multi-purpose indoor facility.

The UQ Tennis Centre is the largest tennis centre in both Brisbane and Queensland. The UQ Playing Fields and Ovals is also managed by UQ Sport, home to a total of eight oval fields at the St Lucia campus. The majority are designated for use by particular sports including cricket, rugby and soccer. These ovals are also used for recreational activities and lunchtime social sport.

Australia's largest university based sailing club, The University of Queensland Sailing Club, also operates under UQ Sport. However, the sailing club mainly operates off-site at a private facility in Redcliffe.

Events and traditions

Great Court Race

Inspired by the Trinity College Great Court Run of the University of Cambridge, the University of Queensland organises an annual 636m sprint race around the UQ sandstone Great Court.

Three Minute Thesis

In 2008, the university originated the Three Minute Thesis competition for students completing a higher degree by research. Three Minute Thesis is now held annually at universities across Australasia. It challenges participants to present their research in just 180 seconds, in an engaging form that can be understood by an intelligent audience with no background in the research area. This exercise develops presentation, research and academic communication skills and supports the development of research students' capacity to explain their work effectively.

Market Day
During Orientation week and the first week of each semester, Market Day is organised throughout Campbell Place and the Great Court at the St Lucia Campus. The UQ Union and clubs and societies have stalls and organises social activities. Several clubs also organize large displays. For example, the University of Queensland Sailing Club is known for placing a sailing boat in the Great Court.

Careers Fair
The UQ Careers Fair is an annual event that brings together university students and major employers from across the country. Degree-specific Careers Fairs are also held annually or bi-annually, such as the Engineering Careers Expo.

Residential colleges
The University of Queensland has 11 residential colleges with 10 of these located on its St Lucia campus and one on its Gatton campus. The University of Queensland Intercollege Council is the organisational and representative body for the residential colleges which coordinates sporting and cultural events and competitions.

 Cromwell College is a co-ed college founded in 1950. It is affiliated with the Uniting Church and accommodates 249 students.
 Duchesne College is a women's only college founded in 1937 in Toowong, moving the university in 1959. It is affiliated with the Society of the Sacred Heart and accommodates 210 students.
 Emmanuel College is a co-educational college founded in 1911. It accommodates 340 students.
 Gatton Halls of Residence was established in 1897 and has 440 residential students, making it by far the largest and oldest college at the University.
 Grace College is a women's college founded in 1970. It accommodates 181 students.
 International House is a co-educational college for International and Australian students founded in 1965.
 King's College provides accommodation for 320 male and female students of the University.
 St John's College is a co-educational college founded in 1911. It is administered by the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane.
 St Leo's College is a men's college affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane.
 Union College is a co-educational, secular college named after the student union. It is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.
 Women's College is a college for female students.

Campuses and facilities

The University of Queensland maintains a number of campuses and facilities throughout Queensland. UQ has its main campus in the suburb of St Lucia in Brisbane, bordered by a meander in the Brisbane River to the north, east, and south. UQ's main campus has been recognised for its beauty by a number of sources. Its other campuses include Gatton and Herston.

St Lucia campus

In 1927, the land on which the St Lucia campus is built was resumed by the Brisbane City Council using money donated by James O'Neil Mayne and his sister Mary Emelia Mayne to replace the less spacious city campus. The city campus is now home to the Gardens Point campus of the Queensland University of Technology. Construction of the new university at St Lucia began in 1937.

Great Court

At its centre is the heritage-listed Great Court – a  open area surrounded by Helidon sandstone buildings with grotesques of great academics and historic scenes, floral and faunal motifs and crests of universities and colleges from around the world. This central semi-circular quadrangle features a connected arcade so students could reach any section under cover. The Great Court was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 2002.

Museums

The University of Queensland Art Museum is located in the James and Mary Emelia Mayne Centre on the St Lucia campus. The Art Museum was established in the Forgan Smith Tower in 1976 to house the artworks collected by The University of Queensland since the 1940s, relocating to its present site in 2004. Today, with more than 4,400 artworks, the University's Art Collection is Queensland's second largest public art collection.

The university also houses the R.D. Milns Antiquities Museum in the Michie building (bldg 9, level 2) which contains Queensland's only publicly accessible collection of antiquities from ancient Rome, Greece, Egypt and the Near East. The museum supports research and teaching at the university. The UQ Anthropology Museum (also in the Michie Building on level 1) contains a significant collection of ethnographic material. It is also open to the public.

Gatton campus

The UQ Gatton Campus covers 1068 ha at Lawes, near the town of Gatton, Queensland, about  west of Brisbane on the Warrego Highway. The campus was opened in 1897 next to the site of the Queensland Agricultural College which was then amalgamated with UQ in 1990. UQ Gatton is the core campus for research, learning and teaching activities and facilities in agriculture, animals, veterinary science and the environment.

In 2008 the Centre for Advanced Animal Science (CAAS) was opened at the Gatton campus – a collaborative venture between UQ and the Queensland Government.

Herston campus

UQ Mayne Medical School and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research is the core campus for clinical health teaching and research. The campus is situated in Herston and operates within Queensland Health system of the Royal Brisbane Hospital, Royal Children's Hospital, Royal Women's Hospital and the Queensland Institute of Medical Research.

It is home to the Faculty of Medicine, the School of Population Health, the Herston Health Sciences Library, the Centre for Clinical Research and clinical research and learning activities of the School of Nursing and Midwifery.
The Herston campus also houses other key facilities such as the Oral Health Centre and the purpose-built Herston Imaging Research Facility. The medical school building was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 1999.

The Marks-Hirschfeld Museum of Medical History is in the Mayne Medical School at the Herston campus. Operated by volunteers and supported by The University of Queensland Alumni, it has a collection of over 7,000 items of medical memorabilia, medical and surgical instruments. The focus is on the study of medical history in Queensland, but the collection includes items with broader significance to Australia and internationally.

Overseas clinical schools
 Louisiana, United States – the UQ-Ochsner Clinical School operates at Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans and Baton Rouge, allowing medical school students from the UQ-Ochsner program to receive two years of overseas clinical experience, contributing towards their UQ Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree.

Ipswich campus

In 2014, UQ sold the Ipswich Campus to the University of Southern Queensland, believing that this regional teaching campus would be better used by USQ.

The campus was made up of nearly 20 buildings and more than 5001 students on nearly . Courses offered included: arts, business, medicine and social sciences as well as Interaction design. It is located near central Ipswich, Queensland, just south of the CBD. Nearby landmarks include Limestone Park, Workshops Rail Museum and RAAF Base Amberley.

The site dates back to 1878 with the opening of the Ipswich branch of the Woogaroo Lunatic Asylum. Operations continued until 1910 when it became the Ipswich Hospital for the Insane. In 1938 it was renamed the Ipswich Mental Hospital and in 1964 it was renamed again as the Ipswich Special Hospital. It was finally named the Challinor Centre in 1968 in honour of Henry Challinor, the ship's surgeon on the . From 1968 to 1997 the Challinor Centre served as an institution for people with intellectual disabilities. In late 1997 the Challinor Centre began its first stage of transformation as the new UQ Ipswich campus.

Satellite teaching and research centres
UQ has other research and education facilities not directly attached to its three campuses. These locations are primarily for research, which cannot be undertaken in the campus locales but also represent buildings which established pre-eminence in education before the creation of the current campuses.

Queen Street
Queen Street, Brisbane is the location of the Customs House and the UQ Business School Downtown Venue. Customs House is one of Brisbane's heritage icons and is located on the river along Queen Street in the Brisbane central business district. It is leased to and operated by the University of Queensland as a cultural, educational and heritage facility. The UQ Business School Downtown is an inner-city corporate education, meeting and dining venue and facility which is on Level 19 of Central Plaza One in the Brisbane central business district.
Indooroopilly
Indooroopilly is the site of the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre and the Queensland University Regiment Logistics Company. The Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre (JKMRC) of The University of Queensland Sustainable Minerals Institute is at a former silver and lead mine at Finney's Hill in Indooroopilly. Acquired in 1951 by the School of Mining Engineering under the leadership of Frank T. M. White, Foundation Professor (appointed 1950), this mine (formerly Finney's Hill United Silver Mines Limited) then became known as the Queensland University Experimental Mine. It promptly became an integral part of the teaching and research capacity of the School, which in 1952 expanded to become the Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering.White FTM. Mining and Metallurgical Education....the Role of the University of Queensland. Queensland Government Mining Journal. July 1963.

JKMRC, incorporating the Experimental Mine, was officially established as a University Centre in 1970, with a goal to develop practical technical solutions for large-scale mining and minerals industry challenges. It is named after Julius Kruttschnitt, the chairman of Mount Isa Mines and a board member of the university's Faculty of Engineering.

The Queensland University Regiment Logistics Company is housed in the Witton Barracks, Indooroopilly.

Other locations

 Pinjarra Hills – the Pinjarra Hills Research Station, the Veterinary Science Farm and the Pinjarra Aquatic Research Station are located in Pinjarra Hills, Brisbane. The Aquatic Research Station investigates aquaculture and inland ecology.
 Heron Island – the Heron Island Research Station is situated on Heron Island,  north-east of Gladstone. Its primary use is for coral reef ecology research and teaching and is an integral component of the Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observations System and the national Integrated Marine Observing System. It consists of more than 30 buildings on a two hectare lease.
 Moreton Bay – the Moreton Bay Research Station and Study Centre is in Dunwich on North Stradbroke Island and researches the ecosystems.
 Mt Nebo – The University of Queensland operates an International Seismograph Station on Mt Nebo.
 Charters Towers – The University of Queensland operates an International Seismograph Station at Charters Towers.
 Dayboro – the Dayboro Veterinary Surgery was bought by the university in 1987 as a teaching clinic for fifth year veterinary students in their dairy cattle medicine rotation. Later, separate brick accommodation was built for student accommodation. Research projects into practical aspects of dairy production are frequently carried out by clinic staff. There is a full range of veterinary services and pet care for dogs, cats, horses, cows, alpacas, goats, and all manner of other small and large animals.

Library

The University of Queensland Library was founded in 1910. It developed from a small provincial university library into a major research library.
It consists of 11 branches.

 Architecture and Music Library (ARMUS)
 Biological Sciences Library
 Central Library
 Dorothy Hill Engineering and Sciences Library (DHESL)
 Duhig Tower
 Fryer Library
 Gatton Library (J.K. Murray Library)
 Herston Health Sciences Library
 Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence Health Sciences Library (PACE)
 Rural Clinical School Library (RCS)
 Walter Harrison Law Library

Transport and other amenities

The university is served by the UQ St Lucia ferry wharf, the westernmost stop and terminus of the CityCat service. Translink also operates two bus stations on campus: the University of Queensland bus station at Chancellor's Place in the west, connecting passengers to Brisbane's inner west suburbs such as Indooroopilly, Toowong and Milton; and the UQ Lakes busway station in the east, the western terminus of the Eastern Busway, with services to Brisbane's inner south suburbs such as Woolloongabba, Carindale and Mount Gravatt via the Eleanor Schonell Bridge. This bridge also allows pedestrians and cyclists to cross the Brisbane River, to reach Dutton Park. The closest stops of the Queensland Rail City network are the Toowong railway station, Park Road railway station, and Dutton Park railway station.

There are 3 refectories that provide food for students. These are the Main Refectory in the Student Union Complex, the Biological Sciences Refectory under the Biological Sciences Library, and the Physiology Refectory under the Physiology Lecture Theatres. The Student Union Complex houses the Student Union and other student services.

Publishing
University of Queensland Press publishes academic works, as well as, non-fiction works and has launched the careers of noted authors.

Academic journals
The university publishes several academic journals through its various schools and faculties and in association with publishers:
Australian Journal of Indigenous Education
Australian Journal of Politics and History
Crossroads: an Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics
Hecate Journal
LAWASIA Journal
npj Science of Learning (in partnership with Springer Nature)
Queensland Archaeological Research (1984–2011, now published by JCU)
Queensland Historical Atlas
TEMPUS: Archaeology and Material Culture Studies in Anthropology, monograph series.
The University of Queensland Law Journal

 Notable alumni and faculty

UQ has produced numerous distinguished alumni. Several notable examples include recipient of a Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine Peter C. Doherty, recipient of the "Triple Crown of Acting" (having won Primetime Emmy, Tony and Academy Awards) Geoffrey Rush, triple Grammy Award-winning musician Tim Munro, former Chief Justices of Australia Sir Gerard Brennan and Sir Harry Gibbs, international not-for-profit 'Hear and Say' founder and officer of the order of Australia Dimity Dornan, Principal of King's College London Edward Byrne, singer and eurovision representative Dami Im, former CEO of Dow Chemical Andrew Liveris, the first female Governor-General of Australia Dame Quentin Bryce, former Singaporean Minister of Defence and Manpower Lee Boon Yang, consecutive Olympic gold medal-winning swimmer David Theile, highly cited epidemiologist Graham Colditz, international best-selling author Kate Morton, CEO of MS Research Australia and Harvard Club of Australia fellow Matthew Miles, and Ben Roberts-Smith, former general manager of Seven Brisbane'' and former Australian soldier.

Controversies

Relationship with the Confucius Institute

Apparent links with the Confucius Institute, a Chinese government-supported international education partnership program, have been controversial for UQ. The university offers 13 courses co-funded by the institute, mainly around Chinese arts, media and language. Critics of these courses have claimed Chinese government influence on the course content, while UQ has contested that they have been developed by university academics without external contribution.

Student suspensions

On 29 May 2020, the UQ disciplinary board issued a two-year suspension to activist Drew Pavlou for alleged bullying, discrimination and harassment of university students and staff. Pavlou has contested the reasoning describing in a statement released on Twitter that his suspension was "to silence [him] for [his] political activism", something denied by both the university, and the disciplinary and appeals boards. Pavlou has admitted to swearing at other students on Facebook and an online university forum. An appeal to the UQ Senate Disciplinary Appeals Committee resulted in the committee endorsing two counts of serious misconduct, however reducing the suspension from two years to one semester.

In June 2020, Pavlou launched a second lawsuit in the Supreme Court seeking 3.5 million in damages from the university for alleged defamation and a breach of contract. In September 2020, the Queensland Crime and Corruption Commission declined a request by Pavlou to investigate UQ Chancellor Peter Varghese and former Vice-Chancellor Peter Høj, citing that there was "insufficient evidence to suggest anyone who was subject of the complaint had engaged in corrupt conduct.

Sexual assaults
Between 2011 and 2016 there were 38 reported cases of sexual assault and harassment on campus, resulting in 1 expulsion and 2 one-week suspensions. This included a report in 2015 where a staff member "filmed someone in the shower". These figures are lower than the 2017 Australian Human Rights Commission report on sexual assault and harassment. The vice-chancellor responded "there is no place for sexual assault or sexual harassment at UQ. Such behaviour is never the victim's fault, and it will not be tolerated here" and introduced a number of new initiatives to address sexual assault problems.

Divestment
The University of Queensland's investment portfolio is a subject of ongoing debate. A fossil fuel divestment campaign began in 2013, led by the student group Fossil Free UQ and supported by the climate advocacy group 350.org. The goal of the campaign is "to freeze all new investments and phase out all current investments in coal, petroleum and gas over the next five years because fossil fuels drive climate change".

On 18 April 2016, students occupied the Vice-Chancellory stating, 'We are asking the university to remove investment from the top 200 most polluting companies in the world' and calling for greater transparency regarding University investments. The sit-in resulted in communication with the Vice-Chancellor in May 2016.

In October 2016, Fossil Free QUT provided a report to the University Senate. For the period July 2015 to June 2016 direct fossil fuel companies comprised an average of 3.82% of UQ's $169.2m investment portfolio. The University Senate voted not to divest from fossil fuels citing, 'that divestment would make no real difference'.

In September 2013, 350.org Australia released a report 'Exposing The Ties' to show 'shows how key decision makers at some of the country's leading tertiary institutions including the University of Queensland, University of Newcastle and University of New South Wales are non-executive directors or former employees of fossil fuel companies including AGL, BHP and Rio Tinto.' This showed The University of Queensland received $31million from the Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) and the University's Senate includes three non-executive directors of Senex Energy, Metro Mining and Queensland Investment Corporation, (owner of Epic Energy and Lochard Energy) and a former Queensland Resources Council board member and recipient of the Queensland Resources Council Medal.

Seven of the twenty-two members of the senate for UQ have interests in the fossil fuel industry, having ties with fossil fuel companies previously or currently.

In October 2017, ten students occupied the Chancellor's Office deeming the 2016 Senate vote on divestment illegitimate due to conflicts of interest. The students were removed by the Queensland Police Service.

In 2020, when the Prime Minister Scott Morrison was visiting, fifty students protested at the university, damaging university's property and the prime minister's car. Some students came close to the prime minister and used a blowhorn with sirens.

See also

 AustLit, an Australian literature resource hosted by the School of Communication and Arts
 List of universities in Australia
 TC Beirne School of Law

References

Further reading

External links

 The University of Queensland
 The University of Queensland Press

Universities in Brisbane
Universities and colleges established in 1909
Universities in Queensland
1909 establishments in Australia
Queensland in World War II
Queensland Greats
Schools in Queensland
Group of Eight (Australian universities)

University of Queensland


USS Iuka (ATA-123) was laid down by Levingston Shipbuilding Co., Orange, Texas, on 21 November 1942. The ship was launched on 20 December 1942 and commissioned on 30 June 1943.

After a brief period of duties out of Norfolk, Virginia, ATR-45 sailed for the Pacific, reaching Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides, via the Panama Canal and Bora Bora, Society Islands, late in October. For the duration of war the fleet tug remained in the South Pacific islands, operating primarily at Espiritu Santo, to tow targets and barges as well as handle other harbor duties. ATR-45 was reclassified ATA-123 15 May 1944.

The ocean tug returned Pearl Harbor 7 September 1945 and from there set course for San Francisco. She performed harbor duties along the California coast until she decommissioned at San Pedro and went into reserve 26 November 1947. While berthed with the Columbia River Group, Pacific Reserve Fleet, ATA-123 was named Iuka 16 July 1948. She remained in the Pacific Reserve until September 1960 when she was transferred to the Maritime Administration. In September 1962 Iuka entered the National Defense Reserve Fleet at Olympia, Washington, until she was sold in 1976.

References

  NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive USS Iuka (ATA-123)

1942 ships
Ships built in Orange, Texas
Sotoyomo-class tugs

USS Iuka (ATA-123)


Arnold Ellsworth True (January 23, 1901 – December 11, 1979) was a highly decorated officer in the U.S. Navy with the rank of rear admiral, who is most famous for his service as Commanding officer of the Sims-class destroyer  during the Battle of Midway.

Early life

Arnold Ellsworth True was born in Owenton, Kentucky, on January 23, 1901, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1920. His early naval career included serving in cruisers, destroyers, and other ships, as well as with airships until 1929, when he began studying Aerology and Meteorology. After receiving his Master of Science Degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1931, he practiced those disciplines in a variety of navy positions.

World War II service

USS Hammann

Lieutenant Commander True attended the Naval War College in 1938-39 and then assumed command of the new destroyer USS Hammann (DD-412) in August 1939. His ship was part of the destroyer screen assigned to protect the USS Yorktown (CV-5) during the pivotal showdown with the Japanese Navy at The Battle of Midway. On June 6, 1942, after the carrier was damaged by Japanese dive bombers, his destroyer was ordered alongside the Yorktown to provide pumping power as part of a massive effort to keep the vessel afloat so that it could be salvaged.

According to the official navy record:

The first torpedo appeared to pass under the Hammann in the vicinity of No. 2 gun and exploded against the side of the Yorktown. The second torpedo struck the Hammann in #2 fireroom. This torpedo apparently broke the ship's back as a pronounced sag was noted in this vicinity. The forward bulkhead of forward engine room was carried away. Large quantities of oil, water, and debris were blown high into the air coming down on both Hammann and Yorktown. The Hammann was blown out from the Yorktown and aft parting all mooring lines and hoses. The commanding officer received a heavy blow in the solar plexus by being thrown against a desk in the pilot house, which rendered him temporarily unable to breathe or speak and later proved to have broken a rib. The ship began to settle immediately and the Executive Officer, who was on the bridge passed the word "All hands abandon ship." By the time the Commanding Officer was able to walk from the Pilot House to the starboard wing of the bridge, the main deck forward was awash and the ship was settling rapidly by the head. Life rafts had been launched and a great number of men were on the rafts or in the water. As soon as all personnel were clear of the bridge, the Gunnery Officer, Executive Officer and Commanding Officer climbed down the outside ladder to the forecastle deck. The forecastle deck was just submerging and all three swam clear of the ship. It is estimated that the ship sunk within three to four minutes from the time of the first torpedo explosion.

Hammann sank in four minutes. 80 of her crew were killed either by the initial torpedo blast, the inevitable sinking, or the setting off of her depth charges as she went down.

After Battle of Midway

Captain True went on to command Destroyer Division Four from late 1942 into 1943, and then the Navy Weather and Aerology billets until he retired from active duty in December 1946.

Awards and decorations

During his career and service True earned numerous awards, including following:

Retirement

Capt. True retired from active duty in December 1946, at which time he was promoted to the flag rank of rear admiral. For much of the remainder of his life, Admiral True wrote and lectured about the war in the Pacific. He died on December 11, 1979, in Palo Alto, California, at the age of 78.

References

1901 births
1979 deaths
People from Owen County, Kentucky
United States Navy admirals
United States Navy World War II admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval War College alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
United States Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

Arnold E. True


The  is a Japanese suburban electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1979 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and currently operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR-West). The train type was operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) from 1987 until 2013. A total of 216 cars were manufactured. When JNR was privatized and divided into the individual JR Group companies, JR Central received 72 cars, while JR-West took possession of 144.

Background

Features
The 117 series was first introduced to replace the 113 series trains that had been providing special rapid service in the Keihanshin region on the Tōkaidō Main Line and Sanyō Main Line. 113 series cars were used in this role from 1972 along with 153 series express cars that had become surplus as a result of the opening of the Sanyō Shinkansen to Okayama. Although 113 series cars were run in place of 153 series cars, the two were not entirely the same; the 153s had been retrofitted with air conditioning, but their traction motors (MT46 type, producing  @ 375 V), first built in 1958, were underpowered. Also, as they were designed for express service, they had entryways which required passengers to step up onto the main floor—unsuitable during peak commuter times.

The 117 series addressed these issues, matched the passenger accommodation offered by competing services and provided JNR with a train designed for the transit conditions in the Keihanshin region. The interior was based on the KiHa 66/67 series DMUs being operated in the Kitakyushu region. This also marked the beginning of JNR's effort to standardize their rolling stock.

In 1982, 153 series trains providing the rapid service in the Nagoya area were replaced with 117 series trains which began duty on the Tokai Liner service.

Configurations
The 117 series was designed to be operated in 6-car configurations, with a 2:1 ratio of powered cars to trailer cars. At the time the 117 series were being introduced, this was JNR's standard configuration. In later years, 4-car configurations with a powered car to trailer car ratio of 1:1 and 8-car configurations with a ratio of 3:1 were being used. The 117 series has no intermediate trailer cars.

 KuHa117 – Trailer car with driving cab, west end.
 MoHa117 – Powered car with pantograph and electrical apparatus to be used as a set with a MoHa116 car.
 MoHa116 – Powered car with motor-generator and compressor to be used as a set with a MoHa117 car.
 KuHa116 – Trailer car with driving cab, east end.

Construction

This information relates to the 0 sub-series.

On September 12, 1979, the first six-car set emerged from Kawasaki Heavy Industries' Hyogo Works. The sets' completion dates and manufacturers are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Set !! Completion date !! Manufacturer
|-
|| 1 || September 12, 1979 || rowspan="3" | Kawasaki Heavy Industries
|-
|| 2 || rowspan="2" | January 29, 1980
|-
|| 3
|-
|| 4 || January 12, 1980 || rowspan="3" | Kinki Sharyo
|-
|| 5 || rowspan="2" | February 5, 1980
|-
|| 6
|-
|| 7 || February 26, 1980 || Kawasaki Heavy Industries
|-
|| 8 || March 13, 1980 || Kinki Sharyo
|-
|| 9 || rowspan="2" | April 22, 1980 || rowspan="4" | Nippon Sharyo
|-
|| 10
|-
|| 11 || rowspan="2" | July 8, 1980
|-
|| 12
|-
|| 13 || rowspan="2" | April 8, 1980 || rowspan="6" | Kawasaki Heavy Industries
|-
|| 14
|-
|| 15 || rowspan="2" | June 3, 1980
|-
|| 16
|-
|| 17 || rowspan="2" | June 17, 1980
|-
|| 18
|-
|| 19 || rowspan="2" | May 14, 1980 || rowspan="3" | Kinki Sharyo
|-
|| 20
|-
|| 21 || July 15, 1980
|}

Car body
The 117 series trains have  long corrosion-resistant steel bodies with two sets of semi-automatic sliding double doors per side (Nagoya-area cars have fully automatic doors). The 117 features a built-in classification headboard directly below the windshield's center post.

The 117's original livery was cream with a thin, horizontal maroon band below the windows.

All 117 series cars were originally equipped with reversible transverse seats, but lacked strap hangers. The interior had wood trim intended to set the 117 apart from other suburban trains. The cars feature flat ceilings joined to the walls and an angled panel above the luggage rack.

Air conditioning was via JNR's standard AU75B and AU75C units situated in the center of the roof (42,000 kcal/h. B is used on trailer cars with driver's station, C on powered cars. 100 sub-series cars were upgraded to AU75E).

Major components

Traction motors
The 117 series uses type MT54D traction motors (rated at  @ 375 V). It was also used in 113 series trains. The 117 also had JNR's standard final drive ratio, 4.82:1. Having the same acceleration rate as the 113 series and 115 series, 6-car sets with four powered and two trailer cars were not quite as powerful as those in use in comparable services by competing private railways. The difference in 4-car sets with only two powered cars was even more pronounced.

Train control
Equipped with the CS43A control gear also in use on the 381 series and 417 series, the 117 series included a retarder to maintain speed on an incline. While the CS12 control gear in the 113 series and 153 series and the CS15 control gear in the 115 series and 165 series had been improved to provide smoother acceleration, the CS43A, which was brand new at the time, was chosen.

Bogies

Two types of bogies were considered for the 117 series before a third was chosen. The high-speed DT24 air spring bogies from the 153 series were considered but passed over, as were the DT21 coil spring trucks, standard at the time. Ultimately, the 117 series was equipped with DT32E bogies on the powered cars and TR69H bogies on the trailers.

Pantograph
The 117 series uses the standard PS16 pantograph, however for resistance to the effects of cold weather conditions and snow encountered when running on the Kosei Line, the PS16J variant is used.

Couplers
Standard JNR Shibata-type couplers are used on the 117 series, but like on the 153 series, automatic electrical couplers were added to ease lash-up operations when creating 12-car sets for rush hour. Based on the success of this equipment, 221 series and 223 series were similarly equipped.

Variants

0 subseries

From 1979 until 1980, 21 6-car sets were produced for a total of 126 individual cars.  Dispatched from Miyahara Depot and assigned to rapid and special rapid service, these were used to replace 153 series and 165 series trains.

In 1982, nine 6-car sets entered service in the Nagoya area. These were assigned to Ōgaki Depot.

100 and 200 subseries

In the timetable effective November 1, 1986, just before the April 1987 privatization of JNR, the frequency of special rapid services in the Keihanshin region increased, and 6-car sets in the Nagoya area were shortened to four cars. It had been four years since any modifications were made, and around this time improvements were made to all aspects of the trains. The most significant changes were:
 Seats were added in the unused space at the ends of the saloons.
 The original side windows were replaced with units that have a single pane which closes vertically.
 Bogies were replaced with DT50C types on powered cars and TR235B types (both developed for the 205 series) on the trailer cars. As a result of this, the interior floor was lowered 45 mm.
 Installation of contoured bench seats.

Operations
From the time of their construction until the privatization of JNR, the 117 series were the workhorses of the Keihanshin and Nagoya regions' rapid and special rapid services.

Following privatization, JR-West kept the cars used in the Keihanshin region while JR Central kept those used in Nagoya. Each railway's use of their 117 series trains is explained below.

JR-West

From special rapid service to withdrawal and reassignment
After the arrival of the 221 series in the Keihanshin region, the maximum speed of special rapid trains was increased to  as of the March 10, 1990, timetable. That year, all 117 series cars underwent improvement to their brakes to accommodate this new operating speed. As new 221 series cars entered service, there was an excess of 117 cars, and as the speed of most special rapid services was further increased to , 117s were reassigned to other lines. The 300 subseries entered service on the Fukuchiyama Line, while shortened consists began running on the Nara Line, Kosei Line, Kusatsu Line, and on the Sanyō Main Line in the Okayama area on the Sunliner service. Cars which became surplus due to the use of shorter configurations were converted into the 115 series 3500 subseries. This was the first reduction in the number of 117 series cars.

117 series cars retained in special rapid service were used only in early morning and late night runs because of their  limit and door configuration. With the appearance of the 223 series in the May 11, 1999, timetable, capable of operating at  between Nishi-Akashi and Kusatsu, 117 series trains were withdrawn from special rapid service. A year later, 221 series cars were also removed from this service.

In 2000, due to use of the newer 221 series, some 117 series trains were withdrawn from Tambaji rapid service on the Fukuchiyama Line and reassigned to Hineno Depot for operation on the Wakayama Line. Again in 2001, 117 series cars were replaced by 221 series units on Miyako rapid service on the Nara Line. In 2005, 100 subseries intermediate cars were reassigned to the Shimonoseki Administrative Office, and later two sets of 300 subseries trains were also sent there to operate in the region on the Sanyō Main Line.

Upgrade to 300 sub-series

Having been displaced by the newer 221 series, from 1990 many of 117 series cars had been transferred to the Fukuchiyama Line. These cars retained their original numbers, but had 300 appended to them. Through 1992, 1993, and 1995, a total of 58 cars were refurbished and reassigned to JR-West's Miyahara Depot.

In order to increase the capacity of the cars and make boarding and alighting easier, transverse seating immediately inside the doors was converted to longitudinal seating. This helped to reduce the problem of rush hour trains being delayed due to the time needed for passengers to board and alight. Brakes were augmented, and the livery associated with the Fukuchiyama Line, white with green striping, appeared.

However, these modifications did not entirely solve the problems with passenger mobility during rush hour, and as a result, the 117-300s were used on outgoing services (bound for Fukuchiyama) and off-peak services. From April 2000, two 4-car sets were dispatched from Hineno Depot for operation on the Wakayama Line and the Kisei Main Line.

Sets which remained on the Fukuchiyama Line until the series' complete withdrawal from the line are now assigned to Kyoto Depot for operation on the Sanin Main Line (Sagano Line), Kosei Line, and Kusatsu Line. Some sets have ATS-P train control on board, others have MoHa cars made surplus by the creation of the shorter 100 sub-series sets.

300 sub-series renumbering
MoHa117/116-3 – 16, 19, 20, 41, 42 → MoHa117/116-303, 316, 319, 320, 341, 342
KuHa117/116-2 –  8, 10, 18, 20, 10 → KuHa117/116-302, 308, 310, 318, 320, 321

Reassignment to the Okayama Area

In 1992, six 4-car sets were reassigned to Okayama Depot. At this time, the lavatories were upgraded and the Sunliner livery appeared, and some of these sets operated at speeds of . In 1999, fare collection boxes were installed to support driver-only operation without a conductor on board. These consists were designated as:

E1: KuHa117-9  – MoHa117-18 – MoHa116-18 – KuHa116-9
E2: KuHa117-11 – MoHa117-22 – MoHa116-22 – KuHa116-11
E3: KuHa117-13 – MoHa117-26 – MoHa116-26 – KuHa116-13
E4: KuHa117-15 – MoHa117-30 – MoHa116-30 – KuHa116-15
E5: KuHa117-17 – MoHa117-34 – MoHa116-34 – KuHa116-17
E6: KuHa117-19 – MoHa117-38 – MoHa116-38 – KuHa116-19

Later, three 4-car sets were borrowed from the Miyahara Depot and designated E11, E12, and E13. These were used in the region on local services and also served as the primary units for Sunliner rapid service. These were run as far north as the Yonago area for special services during periods of high ridership. 100 sub-series cars at the Okayama Depot without upgraded lavatories were mothballed at the Gotō Depot in Yonago until reassignment to Shimonoseki in October 2005.

3500 sub-series renumbering
MoHa117/116-17, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 303, 315, 316 → MoHa115/114-3501 – 3514

Reassignment to Kisei Main Line and Wakayama Line

In March 2000, two 4-car sets of 300 sub-series trains were reassigned to Hineno Depot for operation on the Wakayama Line. These sets were classified as G801 and G802. Until the reassignment, 113 series trains (sets G416 and G417) in the Shōnan green/orange livery were used for the line's morning rush services.

In March 2001, the 117 series trains assigned to Miyahara Depot were removed from the Nara Line's Miyakoji rapid service. One 6-car set from Miyahara Depot was reassigned to Hineno Depot as G803 and used to replace 113 series units out of service for inspection. In December of the same year, two surplus 300 subseries end cars and two MoHa units not in the G803 set were modified for driver-only operation and painted ocean green with a lavender stripe. These entered service as G804 in January 2002. Subsequently, all 117 sets received the same treatment.

In March 2002, Miyahara Depot's 4-car set C12 was returned from Shimonoseki to Hineno, and the inventory of five 4-car sets was complete. At this time, the operating area of the Hineno Depot 117s was enlarged on the Hanwa Line from Hineno Station to Wakayama Station, and on the Kisei Main Line from Wakayama Station to Kii-Tanabe Station.

In November 2002, after reassignment to Shin-Wakayama Depot, they were removed from service on the Hanwa Line and on the Kisei Main Line between Gobo and Kii-Tanabe. In August 2008, they were transferred back to Hineno Depot and are currently operating on the Wakayama Line.

117 series trains operating on the Kisei Main Line and Wakayama Lines are classified as:
G1(G805): KuHa117-12  – MoHa117-24  – MoHa116-24  – KuHa116-12
G2(G803): KuHa117-14  – MoHa117-28  – MoHa116-28  – KuHa116-14
G3(G804): KuHa117-308 – MoHa117-40  – MoHa116-40  – KuHa116-308
G4(G801): KuHa117-318 – MoHa117-305 – MoHa116-305 – KuHa116-318
G5(G802): KuHa117-320 – MoHa117-341 – MoHa116-341 – KuHa116-320

Numbers in parentheses were used by Hineno Depot until March 2002

JR Central

Immediately after the privatization of JNR, the 117 series was JR Central's primary workhorse. However, replacement on the western Chūō West Line by the then-new 211-5000 series cars began in 1988, and all 117 series cars were reassigned to Ōgaki Depot. On the Tōkaidō Main Line, the 117 series was replaced on special rapid service by the 313 series. The maximum operating speed on the Tōkaidō Line was raised to  in 1999.

Interiors had longitudinal seats installed at the ends of the cars and directly behind the driver's cab.

From October 2006, midday operation between Ōgaki and Maibara made up the majority of the 117 series' use by JR Central. From March 2008, departures from Okazaki Station on special rapid service increased.

From about 1999, all cars appeared in a simplified version of their previous livery. A single, thick orange stripe below the windows replaced a thin stripe on the rain gutter along the sides of the roof, a thick orange band below the windows, and a thin orange band immediately below that. The headboard, which originally had "Rapid" written in yellow on a white background, had a black border added to its lettering to improve legibility.

The remaining 117 series sets operated by JR Central were withdrawn from regular services by spring 2013, with the exception of the Joyful Train Train117 trainset.

Joyful Train sets

 Train117: A modified four-car set, which entered service in 2010 and was withdrawn following its final run on 21 July 2013. Operated by JR Central and based at Ōgaki Depot.
 West Express Ginga: A modified six-car set, which had been planned for service in to begin in May 2020, but postponed indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, The Six-Car train entered service on September 1, 2020. Operated by JR West and based at Kyoto Depot.

Livery variations
In February 2016, Okayama-based four-car Sun Liner set E-04 received a special "mt x Sun Liner" livery with a decorative masking tape motif. It is scheduled to carry this livery until the end of June 2016.

Preserved examples
 KuHa 117-30: At SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya, formerly displayed outside, which is now moved inside.
 MoHa 116-59 + KuHa 116-209: Formerly at the SC Maglev Railway Park, displayed outside with KuHa 117-30, removed in June 2019.

References

External links

 JR Central 117 series information

Electric multiple units of Japan
West Japan Railway Company
Central Japan Railway Company
Train-related introductions in 1979
Kawasaki multiple units
1500 V DC multiple units of Japan
Nippon Sharyo multiple units
Kinki Sharyo multiple units
Tokyu Car multiple units

117 series


The Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family who ruled over a large part of western Europe from 751 to 987. They were a line of mayors, kings, and princes who succeeded the Merovingian dynasty. The most famous member of the family was Charlemagne. The dynasty was named after Charlemagne's grandfather, Charles Martel. He was a Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia and Neustria. The mayors of the palace were the real power behind the throne.

Charles Martel (meaning "the hammer") left his wealth and power to his two sons, Pepin III and Carloman. In 771 Carloman died leaving his half to Pepin who became Mayor of the Palace. When the last of the Merovingian kings, Childeric III, was deposed by the Pope in Rome, Pepin was made king of the Franks. Pope Stephen III traveled to France and placed the crown on his head. Pepin left the kingdom to his two sons, Charles and Carloman.

Charles and his brother shared the kingdom for some time. Carloman then traveled to Rome and became a monk. Charles became the sole king. He then earned his name "Charles the Great" (Charlemagne) by defeating the Lombards, the Saxons, and the Avars. In 800 Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III. The dynasty was passed down to his son, Louis the Pious and to his grandsons. By the time Louis inherited the kingdom the Carolingian Empire had already started to decline. By the end of the 9th century it came to an end. With the collapse of the empire the dynasty came to an end.

References

Frankish rulers
Royal dynasties

Carolingian dynasty


Numble is a 1968 board game published by Selchow and Righter which is very similar to Scrabble.  Instead of forming words, players form sequences adhering to certain arithmetic and numerical constraints.

Each tile in Numble has a single digit, 0 through 9, except for two blanks.  A "word" in Numble is a string of digits in sequence (either ascending or descending). For example, 2,3,6,7 is a valid sequence (ascending), as is 7,6,3,2 (descending) while 3,6,7,1,1 (the same numbers) is not in sequence. Also, the sum of the digits must be a multiple of 3. (7+6+3+2=18, and 18 is 6 times 3.)

A zero is allowed at each end and duplicate digits are allowed (except for having more than one zero at either end). The following is valid; 0,2,3,6,7,0 but not 0,0,2,3,6,7 or 2,3,6,7,0,0. 1,1,3,6,7 is okay too.

Each tile is worth its digit's value in points.

A blank could be placed anywhere and, unlike in Scrabble, did not count as a particular digit, so the same blank tile could, for example, be between 3 and 4 in a horizontal sequence and between 8 and 9 in a vertical one. (This is used to get the extra points from a board square)

Some other differences from Scrabble are: a rack is six tiles instead of seven; the center square is not a "double word square"; and, playing all six tiles in your rack at once scores a 10-point bonus instead of 50.

See also
Mixmath

External links

References

Board games introduced in 1965
Selchow and Righter games

Numble