James W. Ross, CM (born September 6, 1938) is a Canadian businessman and former Canadian senator.

Ross was one of eight senators appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney under Section 26 of the Constitution Act, 1867 in order to pass the Goods and Services Tax. The measure had faced defeat in the Liberal dominated Senate so Mulroney utilized a previously unused constitutional provision in order to allow him to temporarily expand the size of the upper house by a total of eight senators (two per region) in order to ensure he had enough votes to enact the GST into law.

A businessman by trade, Ross resigned from the Senate in May 1993, after only 972 days, in order to return to public life. At the age of 55, he was entitled to have remained in the Senate for a further 20 years before being forced to retire.

Ross remains active in Fredericton, New Brunswick, as a philanthropist and businessman. In 1994, he founded Partners For Youth Inc., a non-profit organization built on a community partnership model that uses adventure-based counseling to help young people.

While most senators sit as representatives of a province or territory, Ross and the seven other senators appointed under Section 26 represented regions so Ross and Michael Forrestall sat as a senators representing the Maritimes rather than a particular province.

In 1999, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada.

References

1938 births
Canadian senators from New Brunswick
Members of the Order of Canada
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada senators
Living people

James W. Ross


Margaret Elizabeth Scott, Lady Scott (born 1960, Nairobi, Kenya) is a Scottish lawyer who was appointed a judge in 2012.

Early life and education
Scott was born in 1960 in Nairobi, Kenya. She graduated from University of Edinburgh with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree and from the University of Strathclyde with a Diploma in Legal Practice (DipLP).

Legal career
Scott was admitted as a solicitor in 1989, and she was called to the bar in Scotland (the Faculty of Advocates) in 1991. She "took silk" (became a Queen's Counsel) in 2002. She has acted as lead counsel in a number of high-profile appeal cases such as the Lockerbie bombing and the Glasgow Ice Cream Wars, in which she defended Abdelbaset al-Megrahi and Thomas "TC" Campbell, respectively. She was also successful in the appeal case of Kim Galbraith, whose murder conviction for shooting her policeman husband was reduced to diminished responsibility.

Megrahi's second appeal
On 6 November 2008, Scott applied to the Court of Criminal Appeal for Megrahi's release on bail pending the second appeal against his conviction at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial in 2001. The three judges reserved their judgment on the application. A week later, Megrahi's bail application was refused. Megrahi was told he would remain in jail for the duration of his second appeal.

Judicial career
From 2003 to 2012, Scott was a part-time sheriff. On 2 November 2012, she was installed as a Senator of the College of Justice, taking the judicial title Lady Scott.

Controversy
Scott provoked public anger in July 2013 when sentencing a man convicted of several incidences of rape, as she appeared to praise him for having overcome his difficult background and succeeded at running a business. Her comment was viewed as inappropriate, with the Scottish Conservative Chief Whip John Lamont arguing that, "plenty of people have had tough lives ... but don't rape anyone."

In March 2017, Scott granted a man who confessed to the rape of a 12-year-old child an absolute discharge. Although Scott acknowledged that Scottish law dictates an individual under the age of 13 is considered incapable of giving consent in any circumstance, she stated that the victim was not distressed and that all eyewitnesses believed her to be over 16. Rape Crisis England and Wales critiqued Scott's ruling, saying that, as a 12-year-old has no legal capacity to consent, sexual activity with them is always illegal. Moreover, it is an adult's responsibility to ensure that their partner is capable of giving consent. In a letter published after the trial, the victim claimed that she was unconscious at the time of the attack, further calling into question her ability to consent.

Personal life
Scott's partner is Frank Richard Crowe, a sheriff. Together they have one son.

References

1960 births
Living people
Scottish King's Counsel
Pan Am Flight 103
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Scottish women judges
Scott
21st-century King's Counsel
Date of birth missing (living people)
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Scottish solicitors

Maggie Scott, Lady Scott


The Type 92 heavy machine gun was the main machine gun used by the Japanese military during World War II. Its heavy weight and slow rate of fire made it a very accurate machine gun. However, its heavy weight also made it impossible to use on the offensive, since it needed to be carried by several soldiers. Also, the bullets needed to be oiled before loading the gun, and not doing so could cause the gun to jam. It fired 30 round belt clips loaded on the side. US soldiers called it the "woodpecker" because it sounded like one from far away.

Machine guns

Type 92 machine gun


Patrick Lencioni (born c. 1965) is an American author of books on business management, particularly in relation to team management. He is best known as the author of The Five Dysfunctions of a Team, a popular business fable that explores work team dynamics and offers solutions to help teams perform better. In addition to Five Dysfunctions of a Team, he has written eleven other business books. He has also applied his management techniques to families in The Three Big Questions for a Frantic Family.

The Table Group
Lencioni is president of The Table Group, a management consulting firm specializing in executive team development and organizational health. As a consultant and keynote speaker, he has worked with senior executives and executive teams in organizations ranging from Fortune 500s and high tech start-ups to universities and non-profits. He also gives talks on leadership, organizational change, teamwork and corporate culture. He is frequently interviewed for national media including features in the Wall Street Journal and USA Today. CNN Money listed him in 2008 as one of "10 new gurus you should know". The Wall Street Journal said he is "one of the most in-demand business speakers."

Previously, Lencioni worked at the management consulting firm Bain & Company, Oracle Corporation, and Sybase, where he was VP of Organization Development.

Lencioni grew up in Bakersfield, California. He lives in Alamo, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is married and has four sons.

Books

 Lencioni, Patrick. 1998. The Five Temptations of a CEO: A Leadership Fable. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2000. The Four Obsessions of an Extraordinary Executive: A Leadership Fable. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2002. The Five Dysfunctions of A Team. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2004. Death by Meeting: A Leadership Fable...About Solving the Most Painful Problem in Business. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2005. Overcoming the Five Dysfunctions of a Team: A Field Guide for Leaders, Managers, and Facilitators. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2006. Silos, Politics and Turf Wars: A Leadership Fable About Destroying the Barriers That Turn Colleagues Into Competitors. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2007. The Truth About Employee Engagement: A Fable About Addressing the Three Root Causes of Job Misery (originally titled The Three Signs of a Miserable Job: A fable for managers and their employees). Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2008. The 3 Big Questions for a Frantic Family: A Leadership Fable... About Restoring Sanity To The Most Important Organization In Your Life. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2010. Getting Naked: A Business Fable About Shedding The Three Fears That Sabotage Client Loyalty. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2012. The Advantage: Why Organizational Health Trumps Everything Else In Business. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2016. The Ideal Team Player: How to Recognize and Cultivate The Three Essential Virtues. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2020. The Motive: Why So Many Leaders Abdicate Their Most Important Responsibilities. Jossey-Bass.
 Lencioni, Patrick. 2022. The 6 Types of Working Genius. Matt Holt Books.

References

External links
 The Table Group
 University of Saint Mary

1965 births
American consultants
American business writers
American male writers
Living people
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Bakersfield, California
People from Alamo, California

Patrick Lencioni


Barbara Prézeau-Stephenson (born December 1965) is a Haitian artist and art historian.

She was born Barbara Prézeau in Port-au-Prince and was educated at the Ecole Nationale Des Arts, studying with Ludovic Booz, Rose-Marie Desruisseau and Frank Louissaint. Her mother operated an art gallery in Pétion-Ville. Prézeau-Stephenson also studied dance with Lavinia Williams and attended drama workshops organized by the Institut Français in Haiti. In 1985, she traveled to Canada, where she studied visual arts and art history at the University of Ottawa. She also lived and worked in Dakar and France. She completed a MA in management of cultural organizations at the Université Paris-Dauphine.

Prézeau-Stephenson returned to Haiti in 1995. She established the Africamerica Foundation and the Transcultural Forum for Contemporary Art. In 2007, the Museum of Haitian Art held a retrospective of her work from the period 1986 to 2000. Her work has appeared in exhibitions in New York City, Montreal, Ottawa, Paris, Seville, San Diego, Brussels, Chicago, San Francisco and Quito. Prézeau-Stephenson has created paintings, sculptures and art installations; she was one of the first female Haitian artists to create land art.

References

External links

1965 births
Haitian artists
Living people

Barbara Prézeau-Stephenson


Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (2 February 1457 – October 1526) was an Italian-born historian of Spain and of the discoveries and explorations in the Americas.

The international form of his name is Pietro Martire d'Anghiera. In different languages, his name is written:
 English - Anghiera, Peter Martyr d'
 French - Martyr d'Anghiera, Pierre
 German - Anghiera, Peter Martyr von
 Italian - Martire d'Anghiera, Pietro
 Latin - Anglerius, Petrus Martyr
 Spanish - Anglería, Pedro Mártir de

He was born on February 2, 1457 at Arona, near Anghiera (called now Angera) on Lake Maggiore, Lombardy, Italy. He went to Rome in 1477, at the age of twenty, and there he met important persons of the Catholic Church. In 1486, Anghiera met the Spanish ambassador in Rome, and with him to Spain in August, 1487, to the court of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.

He wrote in Latin the first accounts of explorations in the Americas in a series of letters and reports that were published from 1511 to 1530 in chapters called "Decades". The first three "Decades", together with a description of his experiences in Egypt, were published in 1516 under the title: De orbe novo decades cum Legatione Babylonica or, for short, De orbe novo ("On the New World").

He was the first writer to use the word Hispaniola to name the island that Columbus named La Española. He also wrote that the Taíno name of the island was Quizqueia, a name that no other historian of that time mentioned. Quizqueia is used now as Quisqueya or Kiskeya for the whole island (in Haiti) or for the eastern part (in the Dominican Republic).

He died in October 1526 at Granada, Spain.

References

1457 births
1526 deaths
Italian historians
Italian people

Peter Martyr d'Anghiera


A typewriter desk (also sometimes called a typewriter table or typing table) is a desk form meant to hold a typewriter at the proper height for the typist's hands while still allowing a seat height that is low enough to be comfortable for the typist's feet.  This height is usually a few inches lower than the  height of the traditional desk.  Without a proper typing desk or table, professional or student typists would sit on cushions or thick telephone books, so that their hands would be in the proper position to type comfortably.

The first generations of typewriters, in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th, spurred the invention and production of a variety of typewriter desks.

All of the early typewriter desks were sturdy since typewriters needed to be heavy in order to maintain the alignment of the moving parts and not skid over the desk when the carriage was moved. Although newer and portable models became lighter, all-day typing on a portable machine was slower and uncomfortable compared to typing on a heavier office model.

Originally, typewriters were very costly machines which one tried to protect from dust or accidents. They were also very ungainly or even ugly to those unfamiliar with them, and getting them out of sight was useful for aesthetic reasons. Therefore, early typewriter desks often had some method for hiding the typewriter or getting it out of the way within the desk, sometimes by swiveling or turning it.  Also, a "typist" was of lower status than was a "secretary" or general office worker, so if the machine could be moved out of view except when needed, the desk was no longer just for typing.

After World War I typewriters gradually became less costly and more common; the typewriter desk was more or less standardized into a few forms: the regular desk with a depressed center section, an "L" shaped desk with a permanent or hinged (after removing the typewriter) lower level for the typewriter at the side, and versions incorporating lowering or hiding mechanisms.

A popular alternative was the "typing table", a low table just large enough for the typewriter (so that it could be rolled up to another desk) on thin legs with casters, equipped with brakes so that it would not roll away. Frequently such tables had hinged side-leaves to hold the typist's copy when used stand-alone, but also allowing them to also be used next to a desk.

See also
List of desk forms and types

References

External links

 Image of an Antique Typewriter Desk

Desks

Typewriter desk


The National Labour Congress (NLC) is the sole national trade union centre of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.  The affiliated unions of the NLC are: Commercial, Technical and Allied Workers Union, the St. Vincent and the Grenadines Teachers' Union, Public Service Union, the National Workers Movement (NWM), the LIAT Workers' Union, the Windward Islands Farmers' Association, the Nurses' Association and the Medical Association.

See also
 List of trade unions
 List of federations of trade unions

References
 Country Paper on Collective Bargaining - Saint Vincent
 International Workers Day - St Vincent NBC Radio, 30 April 2008.
 "Organized Labor in St. Vincent and the Grenadines" in A History of Organized Labor in the English-speaking West Indies by Robert J. Alexander, Eldon M. Parker Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004

National federations of trade unions
Trade unions in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Trade unions established in 1994

National Labour Congress


Juan Cirerol (born 8 June 1987) is a Mexican singer-songwriter.

Cirerol was born in Mexicali, Mexico.  He studied classical guitar since he was 13 at the Autonomous University of Baja California.

He started off early in several punk bands. Having spent his youth writing, Cirerol has at this point composed over 200 songs.

In 2008, he started playing in the north of Mexico (Hermosillo, Tijuana, Mexicali) and recorded his debut studio album, No mas sirvo pa' cantar.

In 2008, he recorded and released his second studio album, Ofrenda al Mictlan, while in Mexico City with the help of visual artist Txema Novelo, under the independent record label Vale Vergas Discos.

His song "Corrido Chicalor" was named in September 2011 by guardian.co.uk and the Music Alliance Pact, as one of the 35 best new tracks in the world.

This album, Ofrenda al Mictlan was very well received and the music critics at Club Fonograma rated it as the 11th best album of 2011.

Carlos Reyes has called Cirerol "a storyteller, a romantic, and a stylist of the popular song".

Discography

Albums

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from Mexicali
Mexican male singer-songwriters
Mexican singer-songwriters
21st-century Mexican singers
21st-century Mexican male singers

Juan Cirerol


Local elections took place in Scotland on 2 May 1972.

The Labour Party built upon their success in the 1971 local elections, coming close to winning control of all four Scottish cities: they fell short in Edinburgh by two seats. One of their other gains was in Greenock, which had been the only council controlled by the Liberal Party.

The Scottish National Party suffered a disastrous result, losing their last remaining ward in Shettleston, Glasgow, for instance, although they increased their majority in their last remaining stronghold of Cumbernauld. Similarly, the Progressives lost all three of the seats they were defending in Glasgow.

References

1972

1972 Scottish local elections


Pennsylvania Railroad 4859 is a GG1-class electric locomotive located in the Harrisburg Transportation Center in Harrisburg in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It was operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad and its successors, Penn Central and Conrail. 4859 pulled the first electrically powered train from Philadelphia to Harrisburg on January 15, 1938. It was used in various freight and passenger service until November 22, 1979, when it pulled the last GG1-powered freight train on November 22, 1979. Originally located in Strasburg, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and was moved to its current location in 1986. It was designated the state electric locomotive of Pennsylvania in 1987 by the Pennsylvania General Assembly and was re-listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

Background
The GG1 was developed in 1930s by General Electric as the replacement for the Pennsylvania Railroad's then standard electric locomotive, the P5a, and was based largely on the New Haven EP3. The GG1 was capable of a top speed of , powered by its twelve  traction motors. The prototype GG1, PRR 4800, was tested against Westinghouse's submission, the R1. The Pennsylvania selected the GG1 over the R1, as the R1 was not articulated and the GG1's traction motors were similar to ones already in use. An order for 57 GG1s was placed in November 1934 and the first locomotives were delivered in April 1935.

Raymond Loewy was hired by the Pennsylvania to "enhance the GG1's aesthetics." Loewy had the production locomotives' bodies be welded together, instead of riveted the way 4800 was, to give the GG1 a more streamlined appearance. Loewy also formulated the Brunswick green paint scheme and the gold pinstripes, nicknamed "cat's whiskers", which was eventually applied by the Pennsylvania to all of its locomotives for the next 20 years.

History
4859 was built in December 1937 at the Pennsylvania Railroad's Altoona Works in Altoona, Pennsylvania. The electrified Philadelphia–Harrisburg line was opened on January 15, 1938, with 4859 pulling the inaugural train, Train #25 The Metropolitan. Its departure from Philadelphia was accompanied by a cacophony of various train whistles and fire sirens leading some residents, who were unaware of the event, to believe that Nazi Germany was invading.

4859 was regeared to have a top speed of  when it was shifted to freight duty in 1964. Although used primarily for freight, 4859 continued to pull "Clockers", short-haul passenger trains from New York to Philadelphia, and commuter trains on the New York and Long Branch Railroad. 4859, accompanied by PRR 4887, pulled the last freight train to be powered by a GG1 from the Enola Yard in Enola, Pennsylvania, to Edgemoor, Delaware, before being retired by Conrail on November 29, 1979.

Preservation

After its retirement, 4859 was purchased in for $13,000 by the Harrisburg chapter of the National Railroad Historical Society and donated to the Harrisburg Redevelopment Authority. It was sent to the Pennsylvania Railroad Museum in Strasburg in the early 1980s, where restoration of 4859 was carried by the workshops of the nearby Strasburg Rail Road. The body and chassis were sandblasted, primed and repainted back to its original 1938 appearance. The main transformer was removed and drained of the hazardous polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) used as coolant.

4859 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1982, while still in Strasburg. The deed to 4859 was transferred from Redevelopment Authority to the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission on November 13, 1986. Two days later, the engine was moved into the Transportation Center and rededicated. The Pennsylvania General Assembly designated 4859 the official state electric locomotive on December 18, 1987, while also designating two K4s locomotives as the state steam locomotives in the same bill. 4859 was listed on National Register of Historic Places for a second time on May 5, 2004. "Soft" materials, like insulation, were removed from the cab in 2005 on orders from the United States Environmental Protection Agency to remove residual contamination from the PCBs.  In 2010, 4859 received some cosmetic restoration of its truck assemblies which were re-painted black to eliminate a noticeable coating of rust.  On April 5, 2014, the locomotive and its caboose were temporarily moved west of the Transportation Center, approximately , to a siding, and covered with tarpaulins to allow Amtrak to perform renovation work on the station's catenary, signals, switches and tracks.  By October 17, 2015, the renovations were complete enough to allow 4859 to return to the station, though the project overall remains in progress.

See also

 List of Pennsylvania state symbols
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania

Notes

Footnotes

References

11 kV AC locomotives
2-C+C-2 locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
Landmarks in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
4859
Preserved electric locomotives
Railway locomotives on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Symbols of Pennsylvania
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Railroad 4859


Robert Georges Picard (born 1951) is an American writer and scholar in the field of media businesses and media policy economics. He heavily influenced media economics studies.

Picard taught at Harvard University and University of Oxford. He is the author and editor of more than 32 books including Media and Communications Policy Making: Processes, Dynamics and International Variations, Handbook of the Economics of the Media, The Economics and Financing of Media Companies, Media Product Portfolios, Media Economics: Concepts and Issues, and [[Joint operating agreement|Joint Operating Agreements]]: The Newspaper Preservation Act and Its Application.

Now a professor emeritus, he remains a senior research fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at University of Oxford, a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a fellow at the Information Society Project of Yale University Law School, author of the blog The Media Business, and was previously editor of The Journal of Media Economics and Journal of Media Business Studies. He was formerly Director of Research at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism and a research fellow at Green Templeton College, Oxford.

Among his most important contributions have been the co-development of a method for assessing the economic contributions of copyright to national economies that is used by the World Intellectual Property Organization, analyses of the effects of media subsidies and other public support on companies and markets, studies exploring the economic influences on media behavior, and analysis of economic issues in media and communications policy. He has an H-index score of 43, an i10-index score of 164, and is ranked in the top 2% of scholars on Academia.edu.

Picard received a Ph.D. from the University of Missouri, an M.A. from Oxford University, an M.A. from California State University, Fullerton, and a B.A. from Loma Linda University. He has been a fellow at the Joan Shorenstein Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford. He received Doctorate Honoris Causa degrees from University of Navarra, Spain, Aristotle University, Greece, and Université de Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

He has previously been on the faculties of Louisiana State University, California State University, Fullerton, Turku School of Economics (Finland), and Jönköping International Business School (Sweden). He has been a visiting professor at the University of Paris, Shanghai University, the University of Amsterdam, Catholic University in Lisbon, Portugal, and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos in Madrid, Spain.

He founded and was chair of the World Media Economics and Management Conference, a biennial global gathering of scholars and practitioners, for a quarter of a century.

He has consulted for media firms on four continents and provided testimony and consulting in court cases, congressional and parliamentary hearings, and administrative hearings in North America and Europe. He regularly works with media associations worldwide and is widely quoted in both the trade publications and the general press.

An annual award for the best published work was named after him by the Media Management and Economics Division of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication in 2000 and the European Media Management Education Association presented him it 2010 award for lifetime contributions to the field.

External links
http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/
https://law.yale.edu/robert-picard
http://www.robertpicard.net/
http://themediabusiness.blogspot.com/
https://oxford.academia.edu/RobertPicardp
https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=bHM4E_EAAAAJ

Selected bibliography
Robert G. Picard, "Limits of the First Amendment and Antitrust Law in Platform Governance and Media Reform," First Amendment Law Review, 18(2):94-122 (2020).

Robert G. Picard, "The Sisyphean Pursuit of Media Pluralism: European Efforts to Establish Policy and Measurable Evidence", Communication Law and Policy, 22(3):255–273 (2017).

Robert G. Picard. The Economics and Financing of Media Companies, 2nd edition. New York: Fordham University Press, 2011.

Robert G. Picard. "A Note on Economic Losses Due to Theft, Infringement, and Piracy of Protected Works," Journal of Media Economics, 17(3):207-217 (2004).

Robert G. Picard. "Twilight or New Dawn of Journalism? Evidence from the Changing News Ecosystem," Journalism Studies, 15(4): 1-11 (2014).

Robert G. Picard. "Isolated and particularised: The state of contemporary media and communications policy research," Javnost/The Public, 23(2):135-152 (2016).

Robert G. Picard. "Money, Media, and the Public Interest," pp. 337-350 in Geneva Overholser and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, eds. The Institutions of Democracy: The Press. Oxford University Press, 2005.

Robert G. Picard. "The Challenges of Public Functions and Commercialized Media," pp. 211-229 in Doris Graber, Denis McQuail, and Pippa Norris, eds. The Politics of News: The News of Politics. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2007.

Robert G. Picard. "Funding Digital Journalism:  The Challenges of Consumers and the Economic Value of News," in Bob Franklin and Scott A. Eldridge II, eds. Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies. London: Routledge, 2016.

Robert G. Picard. "Financial Challenges of 24-Hour News Channels," in Richard Sambrook and Stephen Cushion eds., The Future of 24-hour News: New Directions, New Challenges. London: Peter Lang, 2016.

Robert G. Picard and John Busterna. Joint Operating Agreements: The Newspaper Preservation Act and Its Application. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing, 1993.

Robert G. Picard and Charlie Karlsson, eds. Media Clusters: Spatial Agglomeration and Content Capabilities. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011.

Robert G. Picard and Steven S. Wildman, eds. Handbook of the Economics of the Media. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015.

Richard van der Wurff, Piet Bakker and Robert G. Picard. "Economic Growth and Advertising Expenditures in Different Media in Different Countries", Journal of Media Economics, 21(1):28-52 (2008).

American mass media scholars
1951 births
University of Missouri alumni
California State University, Fullerton alumni
Loma Linda University alumni
Harvard Kennedy School staff
Louisiana State University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Paris
Living people
Academic journal editors
American male writers

Robert G. Picard


Robert Shapcote, JP (born 1621, died 1689) was an English lawyer from Devon and four times Member of Parliament for Tiverton in 1646–1649, 1654, 1656 and 1660. He sat in the Irish House of Commons for the borough of Wicklow from 1661 to 1665 and was Solicitor-General for Ireland and twice briefly Attorney-General for Ireland. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the Civil War.

Shapcote was the eldest son of Henry Shapcote of Bradninch and his first wife Wilmot Hill, and was baptised on 4 February 1621. He entered Lincoln's Inn in 1638 and was called to the bar in 1645. From 1644 to 1646, he was a colonel in the Parliamentary army. He was elected Member of Parliament for Tiverton for the Long Parliament on 7 December 1646 but was excluded in 1649 under Pride's Purge.

Shapcote became Recorder of Tiverton by 1647 and was also recorder of Bradninch and South Molton. He was J.P. for Devon from 1647 to 1649. In 1654, he was elected MP for Tiverton in the First Protectorate Parliament. He became commissioner for militia for Devon and commissioner for oyer and terminer on the Western circuit in 1655.

In 1656, he was re-elected MP for Tiverton for the Second Protectorate Parliament. Also in 1656, he became commissioner for security, commissioner for assessment for  Devon, and commissioner for fraudulent debentures and Solicitor-General for Ireland. He became commissioner for new buildings in London in 1657.

In 1659, he was unsuccessful in his attempt to be re-elected MP for Tiverton in a double return. He became Attorney-General for Ireland in March 1659, was deprived of this position when the Rump Parliament was restored in May 1659, was restored to it when the secluded members were allowed in in February 1660 and vacated it again in May 1660.

In April 1660, he was elected MP for Tiverton again for the Convention Parliament in which he was very active, being particularly concerned with Irish matters, and with the religious settlement. He opposed the unconditional restoration of the Church of England hierarchy. remarking that "I am not against the Bishops, but their power".

In 1661, Shapcote went back to Ireland to practice law. A tentative offer of a renewal of Government employment was politely refused. He stood for three constituencies in the 1661 Irish parliament, and was elected for the borough of Wicklow. He was highly regarded by the Cromwellians in Ireland, whereas Royalists denounced him as "a great fanatic" and the leader of "the seditious faction". There is no doubt that he had a following in the Commons, although the extent of his influence has been disputed. Captain Blood consulted him on the plan to attack Dublin Castle in 1663, which Shapcote discouraged. However, he was arrested, and it was proposed to try him for treason as an example. The Law Officers advised that it would be very difficult to secure a conviction, and it was decided to simply leave him in prison for the time being. After a year's imprisonment, on the intercession of Sir Courtenay Pole, 2nd Baronet, who had married his cousin, he was pardoned and released, but was expelled from the Irish parliament. He continued with his legal practice in Ireland, but took no further part in politics.

Marriage and children
On 15 May 1646 Shapcote married Anne Walrond, a daughter of Henry II Walrond (1584–1650) of Bradfield House, Uffculme, Devon. He had a son who apparently died young and a daughter Urith, who married her cousin Francis but had no children.

Death
Shapcote died before 3 May 1689, but the exact date is unknown.

References

1621 births
Year of death missing
Roundheads
Members of the Parliament of England for Tiverton
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1656–1658
English MPs 1660
English justices of the peace
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wexford constituencies
Irish MPs 1661–1666

Robert Shapcote


Ransomville is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Porter in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 1,419 at the 2010 census. Portions of the hamlet are also in Town of Wilson and Town of Cambria. Ransomville is north of the City of Niagara Falls and is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Ransomville is in the southeast corner of the town on the Youngstown-Lockport Road (New York State Route 93).

Geography
Ransomville is located at  (43.236955, -78.915327).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

History

Founding
The town of Ransomville was established in 1842 by the Ransom and Curtiss families and was named after William Henry Harrison Ransom. The Curtiss family, led by brothers Gideon and Capt. Gilbert Curtiss, were the first to settle in the area in the 1820s, establishing the early links with neighboring towns.

The son of immigrants from Sullivan County in the Hudson River Valley, W.H.H. Ransom arrived in Niagara County in 1839 and built a farm that he worked with his wife, Elisa Estes Ransom. In 1846, Ransom purchased a general store from his uncle, Jehiel Ransom, who had been in Niagara County since 1826 and served as postmaster. Ransom had 13 children and died at the age of 74 in Ransomville on December 29, 1889.

Development

Ransomville was established as a farming community, but some of the earliest businesses were the log taverns built by Gideon Curtiss, the first of which was erected in 1817 and the second in 1825. A cemetery was laid out by 1821. In 1840 the Ransomville House was built as a larger, more refined building. In addition to the hotel, an 1860 map of the village lists two doctors and two blacksmiths, as well as a bootmaker, carriage maker, harness maker, grocer, lumber mill and general merchandise store.

Early settlers from the Curtiss family cleared and laid down the roads from Ransomville to Youngstown to the West (NY 93), along the ridge to the South (NY 104) and Lake Ontario to the North (CR 17). In 1876, The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad took over the Lake Ontario Shore Railroad and extended track, connecting Ransomville with Lewiston to the West and Syracuse to the East. This was later incorporated into the New York Central Railroad. A year later, Gilbert Curtiss built the Excelsior Elevator across from the rail depot. The Curtisses' agricultural business would grow to include a poultry farm that was considered the largest in the nation by the early 20th century.

In the 20th century, the town's claim to poultry fame faded with the development of new techniques and the opening of larger facilities. In 1924, the Volunteer Fire Company was formed with 24 charter members and Dr. John C. Plain as its President. A first fire hall was built in 1925 and then replaced by the current facility in 1960. Original equipment included a motorized chemical pumper rig, which replaced the hand-drawn cart. In 1933, Harold Bass opened the Bass Ford Dealership, which was soon joined by Richard Coulter's Chevrolet dealership. In 1954, Ed Ortiz and his brother opened the Ransomville Speedway for dirt track racing. The brothers moved the track outside of town to its current location in 1958.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,488 people, 488 households, and 386 families residing in the hamlet. The population density was . There were 504 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the community was 97.04% White, 1.08% African American, 1.21% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.27% from other races, and 0.34% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.

There were 488 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.3% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the community, the population was spread out, with 24.5% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 27.2% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $48,000, and the median income for a family was $53,239. Males had a median income of $30,833 versus $25,227 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,063. None of the families and 2.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 3.4% of those over 64.

The hamlet is served by the Ransomville Volunteer Fire Company with their station located on NY Route 93 Youngstown-Lockport Road. The Upper Mountain Fire Company of Lewiston, New York provides Advanced Life Support services to Ransomville.

Religion
Despite its small size there are numerous places of worship in Ransomville. These include Ransomville Free Methodist Church, Ransomville United Methodist Church, Fillmore Chapel, Ransomville Baptist Church and Church of the Immaculate Conception.

Notable people
Willis W. Bradley, Medal of Honor recipient
Chuck Hossfeld, NASCAR driver
Charlie Rudolph, NASCAR driver
Steve Geltz, Major League Baseball Pitcher
George Smith, an accused murderer shot by townsfolk in 1896
Steve Lewis Jr., racing driver

References

External links
 RW&O Railroad, Ransomville, NY
 Ransomville Speedway
 Upper Mountain Fire Company
 Wilson Central School
 Ransomville Free Methodist Church

Hamlets in New York (state)
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area
Census-designated places in Niagara County, New York
Hamlets in Niagara County, New York

Ransomville, New York


Straight Outta Compton: N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute is a tribute album to the American Compton-based hip hop group N.W.A, released through Priority Records in 1998 on the tenth anniversary of the group's debut studio album Straight Outta Compton. It is composed of twelve of the thirteen songs in the order identical to the original, covered by N.W.A. members' affiliates, such as Ice Cube's Westside Connection groupmates WC and Mack 10 along with Hoo-Bangin' Records labelmates Allfrumtha I, Boo Kapone, MC Eiht and The Comrads, Eazy-E's protégés Gangsta Dresta and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, and Dr. Dre's long time partner Snoop Dogg with Snoop's allies C-Murder and Silkk the Shocker, and Aftermath Ent. signee King Tee, as well as several other fellow rappers, including Ant Banks, Jayo Felony, J Dubb, Mr. Mike, Big Pun, Cuban Link and Fat Joe. Production was mostly handled by Ant Banks, as well as Craig B. of Beats by the Pound, Krayzie Bone, Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, with Andrew M. Shack and Marvin Watkins served as executive producers. The album peaked at number 142 on the Billboard 200 and 31 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. Music video was shot for the title track.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links

Tribute albums
1998 compilation albums
Albums produced by Dr. Dre
Hip hop compilation albums
Albums produced by DJ Yella
Albums produced by Ant Banks
Priority Records compilation albums


The Quebec Act was a British law passed in 1774.  It was about Quebec in Canada.

Britain ruled Quebec after the French and Indian War.  Before that, it had been ruled by France.  Most of the white people in Quebec spoke the French language and used the Roman Catholic part of the Christian religion instead of the Church of England part of the Christian religion.

The British Parliament passed the Quebec Act in 1774.  It said that French Canadians did not need to say a loyalty oath any more.  It gave Roman Catholics more rights.  It let the French Canadians use some French laws instead of only British laws.

This made many British settlers in Canada angry because they did not like Roman Catholics.  They called the Quebec Act an Intolerable Act.

References

History of Quebec
Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain
1770s in Great Britain

Quebec Act


The White Chrysanthemum is an English musical in three acts by Arthur Anderson and Leedham Bantock, with lyrics by Anderson and music by Howard Talbot.  First produced at the Tyne Theatre, Newcastle, 23 April 1904, it opened at the Criterion Theatre, produced by Frank Curzon and directed by Austen Hurgon, on 31 August 1905 and ran for 179 performances, closing on 10 February 1906. The Japanese-themed musical starred Isabel Jay, Rutland Barrington, Lawrence Grossmith (a son of George Grossmith), and Henry Lytton.  Louie Pounds later joined the cast.  The musical enjoyed various international productions including one at the Kings Theatre in Melbourne, Australia in 1917 starring Barry Lupino.

Synopsis
Sybil Cunningham loves Reggie Armitage of the Royal Navy.  She has followed him from England to Japan partly to escape an unpleasant engagement in London.  They have asked his father's consent to their marriage, and in the meantime, he has arranged for a modest house for her to stay in.  His father the admiral, however, has decided that Reggie must marry a wealthy but vivacious American, Cornelia Vanderdecken.  Sybil disguises herself as a Japanese girl and hides from Cornelia, and Reggie's friend, Chippy helps her keep up the pretense.  But Sybil is distressed to see Reggie with Cornelia and runs away tearfully.  Fortunately, Reggie's servant, Sin Chong, and Sybil's cousin, Betty, reveal the true situation to Sybil.  In the end, Sybil returns to Reggie, Betty pairs off with Sir Horatio (who will agree to anything she wants), and Chippy lands Cornelia's heart.

Roles and original cast
Admiral Sir Horatio Armitage, K.C.B. (baritone) - Rutland Barrington
Lieut. Reginald Armitage (His son)  (baritone) - Henry Lytton
Lieut. Chippendale Belmont (Reggie's friend) - Lawrence Grossmith
Sin Chong (Reginald's Chinese servant) - M. R. Morand
Cornelia Vanderdecken (An American heiress) - Marie George
Betty Kenyon (A young widow, Cousin to Sybil) - Millie Legarde
Sybil Cunningham (Known as O San, "The White Chrysanthemum")  (soprano) - Isabel Jay

Musical numbers
Act I  -  A Bungalow on the Sea Shore, Japan
No. 1 - Overture
No. 2 - Prelude and Song - Sybil - "It was just an old-world village..."
No. 3 - Duet - Sybil and Betty - "A White Chrysanthemum."
No. 4 - Song - Reggie - "There's a dear little lady I love..."
No. 5 - Song - Sybil - "The butterfly and the flower."
No. 6 - Song - Sin Chong, with Japanese Girls - "Just when-ee day is dawning..."
No. 7 - Duet - Sybil and Reggie - "When you are my very own..."
No. 8 - Finale Act I - (during dialogue)

Act II  -  A Chrysanthemum Garden outside the Bungalow
No. 9 - Introduction to Act II
No. 10 - Quintet - Cornelia, Reggie, Chippy, Admiral and Lee - "Hide and Seek."
No. 11 - Song - Chippy - "I've never been in love before..."
No. 12 - Duet - Admiral and Betty - "As you have accepted my suggestion..."
No. 13 - Concerted Number - Sin Chong and Chorus - "Little Japanesee if you wishee pleasee..."
No. 14 - Song - Cornelia - "The only pebble on the beach."
No. 15 - Finale Act II

Act III  -  Reggie's Snuggery in the Bungalow
Nos. 16 & 17 - Prelude to Act III, and Song - Reggie - "You can't please everybody always..."
No. 18 - Concerted Number - Sin Chong and Chorus - "When little boys and girls are good..."
No. 19 - Song - Sybil - "Time was when my love was kind to me..."
No. 20 - Song - Cornelia - "Down by an old plantation homestead..."
No. 21 - Duet - Cornelia and Chippy - "Suppose we settle down and take a house in town..."
No. 22 - Recitation Music (Betty) - "A Hint."
No. 23 - Song - Admiral - "I've traversed the sea from a far distant shore..."
No. 24 - Sextet - Sybil, Cornelia, Reggie, Chippy, Admiral and Betty - "We've got to settle the parson..."

References

External links
Midi files and cast list
Information, reviews and many photos of the original production
Extensive article about the original production in The Play Pictorial, vol. 6, pp. 137–64, Greening & Co., Ltd., 1905

1905 musicals
West End musicals
Musicals by Howard Talbot
British musicals
Musicals set in Japan

The White Chrysanthemum


The Piccadilly Cinema Centre (formerly Piccadilly Theatre) and  Piccadilly Arcade are located at 700-704 Hay Street, Perth, Western Australia. It is an art deco style cinema and shopping arcade, designed by architect William T. Leighton for mining entrepreneur Claude de Bernales. The theatre and arcade opened in 1938, with the arcade connecting Hay Street through to Murray Street.

In 1984 the theatre and arcade underwent a significant refurbishment, with the refurbishment winning an architectural award from the Royal Australian Institute of Architecture (WA Chapter) in 1986. The theatre and arcade are classified by the National Trust of Australia and are included on the State Heritage Register. The Piccadilly Cinema was the last operating cinema in the Perth central business district before its closure in 2013 and until the opening of Raine Square's Palace Cinema in 2018. Following a three-year refurbishment and renovation, the arcade was reopened in November 2021.

History
The Piccadilly Theatre, was one of a number of theatres and cinemas constructed in Perth and its suburbs during the Inter-war period. Originally constructed in the Inter-war Functionalist style, the Piccadilly represented the desire for enjoyment and entertainment displayed by Western Australians towards the end of the Depression. At the time of its construction, the place was fitted out with the most modern features and was the first cinema in Western Australia to be air conditioned.

The site was acquired by Claude Albo de Bernales's Australian Machinery and Investment Company Ltd in 1935. Bernales after completing the construction of London Court in July 1937 turned his attention to his property between Hay and Murray Streets.  He set up Piccadilly Arcade Pty Ltd and engaged architects Alfred Baxter Cox and Leighton to design a theatre and shopping arcade for the site. The construction of Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade utilised part of the existing buildings on the site, with the construction contract going to a local firm, General Construction Company. Piccadilly Arcade opened in February 1938, with the theatre opening, a month later, on 10 March 1938. When it opened the theatre had a seating capacity of 1,100.

The theatre and arcade feature a number of bas relief friezes of dancing girls and 'Atlas type' figures which were moulded by Perth sculptor Edward Kohler. Kohler was the second professionally trained sculptor to practise successfully in Western Australia.

Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade remained under the ownership of Piccadilly Arcade Pty Ltd until 1978, when it changed hands a few times. In 1983, the owners Australian Fixed Trust (Permanent Trustee Nominees, Canberra) made a decision to restore Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade, and it was closed for refurbishment. Perth architect, Ian Tucker, was responsible for the work. The theatre and arcade reopened in March 1984.  The $2 million (AUD) refurbishment won the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (WA Chapter) 'Architecture Design Award for Renovated Buildings' in 1986. Following the refurbishment, Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade was purchased for a reported $9.9 million by Alister Norwood, founder of Jeans West.

In 1989 the cinema was sold by Hoyts to Glen Darlington, of Classic Cinemas, and closed briefly in early 1990. Malcolm Leech then took over the lease, and converted a section of the disused stalls into a small cinema, making the Piccadilly into a twin screen, seating 443 and 165 respectively. Leech subsequently converted the cinema into a triplex by adding a third cinema, with 103 seats, behind the main screen. In May 2001 Leech leased it to Dennis McKenna.

In 1992, Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade was purchased by current owners Winston Holdings Pty Ltd, Su-Rama Holdings Pty Ltd and Ayoman Pty Ltd, as tenants in common.

In March 2005 the operation of the cinema was taken over by Cyril Watson, with the previous tenant, McKenna, leaving the cinema in 2004 with large unpaid debts.

On 23 March 2010, a thunder storm with conditions not seen in almost fifty years damaged the cinema, forcing its temporary closure. The cinema re-opened after repair works were completed on 1 April 2010.

In May 2013, it was revealed that a portion of the cinema's roof had collapsed due to poor maintenance.

In September 2013, the current leaseholder of the cinema, Cyril Watson, announced that the cinema would close at the end of the September school holidays. It is reportedly $400,000 in debt for unpaid rent. The cinema space re-opened briefly in 2014 as the Noodle Palace venue as part of the Fringe World Festival. It has also been used as a retail space and kickboxing studio.

In October 2018, a multi-million dollar redevelopment of the cinema and arcade was confirmed. The cinema will be converted to a live performance theatre with a lounge and bar. The arcade will get new lighting, flooring and shopfronts. Tenders for a builder closed in October 2018 and work is expected to begin in January 2018. The City of Perth approved a $665,575 heritage adaptive reuse grant to be provided over five years for the redevelopment. The redevelopment was completed in November 2021.

Heritage value
The Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade was interim listed on the Register of the National Estate on 5 December 1988 and classified by the National Trust of Australia (WA) on 5 December 1988. The building(s) were also included on the City of Perth's Municipal Inventory on 13 March 2001 and were permanently listed on the State Register of Heritage Places on 20 December 2002 by the Heritage Council of Western Australia.

Haunting
The complex is reportedly haunted by the ghost of a former manager.

References

Further reading

A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture: Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present Apperly, R., Irving, R. and Reynolds (1989) North Ryde, Angus and Robertson
Perth: A Cinema History Bell, M.D (1986) Sussex, Book Guild
Essays on Art and Architecture in Western Australia : Geneve, V. 'William Thomas Leighton: Cinema Architect of the 1930s' in Bromfield, D. (ed.) 1988, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands
Essays on Art and Architecture in Western Australia : Taylor, Robyn. 'Edward F Kohler, Perth Sculptor 1890-1964' in Bromfield, David (ed.) 1988, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands

External links

Official Piccadilly Cinemas website
CinemaWeb: Piccadilly Theatre

Cinemas in Perth, Western Australia
Former cinemas
Hay Street, Perth
Landmarks in Perth, Western Australia
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Perth
Buildings and structures completed in 1938
Art Deco architecture in Western Australia
Shopping malls established in 1938

Piccadilly Theatre and Arcade


Pierre's armina, scientific name Armina sp. (as designated by Zsilavecz, 2007) , is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Arminidae. This species was undescribed by science as of November 2009.

Distribution
In 2009, this species had only been found off South Africa, in False Bay off Windmill Beach, in at least 10 m of water. It appears to be endemic.

Description
Pierre's armina grows up to  in length. It is a black-bodied nudibranch with raised white longitudinal ridges. The edge of the mantle is yellow and the foot is pinkish with a yellow margin. It has small ridged rhinophores,  which are close together at their base.

Ecology
Pierre's armina burrows in sand and feeds on the purple sea pen, Actinoptilum molle.

References

Arminidae
Undescribed gastropod species

Pierre's armina


The Sports Ground, Woodbridge Road is a cricket ground in Guildford, Surrey. The ground was given to the town in trust in 1911 by Sir Harry Waechter, Bart. Guildford Cricket Club play their home matches on the ground. Surrey County Cricket Club usually play at least one County Championship match there each season, as well as some second XI  and Surrey Stars fixtures. Until comparatively recently, hockey was played on the ground in winter.
The ground was also used for football until at least 1921. It was the home ground of the amateur team Guildford F.C. who existed until 1953 (not to be confused with the professional Guildford City team who played at Josephs Road) and was also used as the venue for some Surrey Senior Cup finals.

The ground capacity is 4,500. The two ends of the ground are known as the Pavilion End and the Railway End.

History
The 2nd Royal Surrey Militia used the 'Woodbridge Road cricket ground' for its annual drill from 1853 until the 1860s, and particularly during the Crimean War when the regiment was embodied for full time service but was quarantined at Guildford due to an outbreak of smallpox.

Surrey first used the ground in 1938, against Hampshire from 13 to 15 July, winning by an innings. They have played there in most seasons since.

In 1957, as part of a visit to Guildford to mark the 700th anniversary of the granting of a royal charter to the town by Henry III, the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh visited the ground during a county fixture, and the two teams (Surrey and Hampshire) were presented to them.

The ground is on the small side, so that some high scores have been made there. The highest individual innings played on the ground in first-class matches is Justin Langer's 342 for Somerset in 2006. Somerset made 688-8 declared in their first innings in this match, but Surrey responded with 717 - the highest total made on the ground - and the match was drawn.

The most notable bowling feat is Martin Bicknell's against Leicestershire in 2000. He had match figures of 16-119, the second best match figures ever returned for Surrey. His figures in the second innings were 9-47.

The highest individual innings in a List A one-day match on the ground is 203 by Alastair Brown in a 40 overs a side AXA Life League match against Hampshire in 1997. This remains the highest score in any 40 overs List A match played in England.

The English women's cricket team have played two Test Matches on the ground, against New Zealand in 1996 and against Australia in 1998.

The former Woodbridge Road groundsman, Bill Clutterbuck, won the Ransomes Jacobsen Trophy for Achievements in Cricket Groundsmanship at the ECB's annual pre-season dinner for First Class Groundsmen for 2006.

Surrey currently play at least one first-class match at Woodbridge Road each season as part of a festival.

In 2018 a new pavilion was opened offering much improved facilities, as well as being an events and private hire venue. In 2019, Surrey CCC took over ground maintenance. In 2019, the ground hosted two championship games versus Somerset and Yorkshire and four Surrey Stars matches in the Women's Cricket Super League season.

See also
List of cricket grounds in England and Wales

References

External links
Cricinfo article about the ground
Guildford Cricket Club and ground information
Includes information on how to get to the ground
Lists all f-c and List A matches played on the ground, plus ground records

Cricket grounds in Surrey
Sports venues in Guildford
Surrey County Cricket Club grounds
Sports venues completed in 1911
1911 establishments in England

Sports Ground, Woodbridge Road, Guildford


All-over painting refers to the non-differential treatment of the surface of a work of two-dimensional art, for instance a painting. This concept is most popularly thought of as emerging in relation to the so-called "drip" paintings of Jackson Pollock and the "automatic writing" or "abstract calligraphy" of Mark Tobey in the 1950s, though the applicability of the term all-over painting would be wider than that. "All-over painting" is not a formal style of painting and the term does not represent an "art movement." Some painting under the heading color field painting displays the "all-over" painting style. Such a painting would fail to treat the top, for instance, differently from the bottom; the left than the right. Uniform treatment of all sections of the surface are the hallmark of all-over painting. All-over paintings would lack a dominant point of interest, or any indication of which way is "up." Some paintings by Cy Twombly have had this term applied to them.

Clement Greenberg cited Janet Sobel's as the first instance of all-over painting he had seen.

See also
Action painting

External links

References

Avant-garde art
Abstract expressionism
Contemporary art
Modern art

All-over painting


A mahout (ORIGIN from Hindi mahāvat) is a person who drives an elephant. Usually, a mahout starts as a boy, when he is given a young elephant so that they become attached to each other.

The most common tool used by mahouts is a goad called anlius, or ankusha - a sharp hook used to guide a tamed elephant by prodding on the back of its head.

Occupations

Mahout


Masoud (; ) is a given name and surname, with origins in Persian and Arabic. The name is found in the Arab world, Iran, Turkey, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Russia, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and China. Masoud has spelling variations possibly due to transliteration, including Masud, Massoud, Massoude, Massudeh, Masood, Masʽud, Mashud, Messaoud, Mesut, Mesud, Massood, or Mosād.

Given name

Masoud
 Masoud (musician), Iranian music producer, artist, and DJ
 Masoud Kazerouni, 14th-Century Persian physician
 Masoud Barzani, President of the Iraqi Kurdistan region
 Masoud Juma, Kenyan footballer
 Masoud Shojaei, Iranian footballer
 Masoud Bastani, Iranian journalist

Mas'ud

 Masud I of Ghazni, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from 1030 to 1040
 Masud Hai Rakkaḥ, Chief rabbi of Tripoli

Other variations of spellings
 Messaoud Bellemou, Algerian musician
 Messaoud Ould Boulkheir, Mauritanian politician
 Moshood K. O. Abiola, late politician and philanthropist from Nigeria
 Masood Sharif Khan Khattak, Civilian intelligence officer
Mesut Özil, German footballer of Turkish descent

Surname

Masoud

 Moez Masoud, Moderate Egyptian Muslim cleric

Masood

 Shan Masood, Pakistani cricketer
Syed M. Masood, Pakistani-American author

Other variations of spellings
 Rükneddin Mesud, King Mesud I
 Mohamed Messaoud, Algerian footballer

Fictional characters
 Masud Rana, fictional character of popular Bengali spy thriller series of the same name
 Masood Ahmed, fictional character in EastEnders, and his family, including:
Zainab Masood, fictional character
Syed Masood, fictional character
Amira Masood, fictional character
Shabnam Masood, fictional character
Tamwar Masood, fictional character
Afia Masood, fictional character
Kamil Masood, fictional character
Yasmin Masood, fictional character

Arabic-language given names
Arabic-language surnames
Persian given names
Persian-language surnames

Masoud


Resistencia, officially known as City of Resistencia, is an Argentinian city, capital and the most important city of the province of Chaco, in addition to its main social and economic center. It is also the head of a metropolitan area, known as Great Resistance, which in 2010 reached 385,726 people. Located to the southeast of the province, on the right bank of the Paraná River (shortly after receiving this to the Paraguay River), it is 18 km from the city of Corrientes, to which the General Belgrano Bridge links it. Between both they form a conurbano of near 800,000 people. It has more than 600 sculptural works in the streets of the city, and is called the National Capital of Sculptures.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Chaco Province

Resistencia, Chaco


The 1902 Open Championship was the 42nd Open Championship, held 4–5 June at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. Sandy Herd won the Championship, a stroke ahead of runners-up James Braid and Harry Vardon.

All entries played 36 holes on the first day with all those within 19 strokes of the leader making the cut and playing 36 holes on the final day, with the additional provision that the final day's field had to contain at least 32 professionals.

Vardon sliced his first two shots out of bounds at the 1st hole and took six, there being no penalty stroke for out of bounds at that time. However, he played the rest of the round so well that his score of 72 was four shots ahead of the second place Willie Fernie, the 1883 champion. Vardon again started badly in the afternoon but his 77 still gave him a four shot lead over Herd and Ted Ray. 45 players, including nine amateurs, made the cut on 168.

The next morning, Herd shot 73, four strokes better than anyone else. This gave him a three stroke lead over Vardon who had taken 80. Braid, J.H. Taylor and Tom Vardon were in third place, eight strokes behind Herd.

Herd started his final round well but took six at the 8th and 9th holes and then 5 at the short 11th. Another shot was dropped at the short 13th and he eventually finished in 81. Harry Vardon took six at the 3rd and 8th but then rallied and needed a four at the last to tie with Herd. However, he three putted to finish a shot behind. Braid was the final player with a change to match Herd. Reaching the turn in 40, the same as Herd, he need to come back in 33 to tie. He had a putt at the last to tie but missed to finish in a tie for second place with Vardon. The amateur Robert Maxwell matched Braid's 74 to finish in fourth place, the only player under 80 in all four rounds.

First day leaderboard
Wednesday, 4 June 1902

Final leaderboard
Source:

Thursday, 5 June 1902

References

External links
Royal Liverpool 1902 (Official site)

The Open Championship
Golf tournaments in England
Sport in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Open Championship
Open Championship
Open Championship

1902 Open Championship


Hold 'Em Yale is a 1935 American comedy film directed by Sidney Lanfield and written by Damon Runyon, Paul Gerard Smith, and Eddie Welch. The film stars Patricia Ellis, Cesar Romero, Buster Crabbe, William Frawley, Andy Devine, and George Barbier; it was released on April 27, 1935, by Paramount Pictures.

Plot

A racketeer known as "Sunshine Joe" specializes in ticket scalping. His gang of colorfully nicknamed thugs includes Liverlips, Sam the Gonoph, and Bennie South Street, as well as Georgie the Chaser, who was dubbed that because of his penchant for chasing after women.

On a train, Georgie happens upon Clarice Van Cleve, an heiress who loves to fall in love, particularly with men in uniform. This has created many a headache for her father, who already has seen Clarice elope three times with military types, each ending badly.

Mr. Van Cleve diverts his daughter to a New Jersey health resort, where he introduces her to his friend Mr. Wilmot and handsome son Hector, in the hope that Clarice and Hector will hit it off. Georgie the gigolo still has Clarice's eye, however, pretending to be a combat pilot. When Clarice turns up and begins acting like a homemaker, though, driving him crazy, Georgie, learning she has been disinherited by her dad, leaves by claiming he is needed by "the King" to fly a mission.

Sunshine Joe runs off with money earned from scalped tickets to the Harvard–Yale college football game. As Hector is a member of the Yale team, all of Joe's goons travel to New Haven, Connecticut, for the game and place bets. Shocked to find Hector is a benchwarmer, they intimidate the coach with a gun and demand that Hector be permitted to play. He kicks a field goal to win the game, which results in him, a man in another kind of uniform, in the arms of Clarice.

Cast
Patricia Ellis as Clarice Van Cleve
Cesar Romero as Gigolo Georgie
Buster Crabbe as Hector Wilmot
William Frawley as Sunshine Joe
Andy Devine as Liverlips
George Barbier as Mr. Van Cleve
Warren Hymer as Sam The Gonoph
George E. Stone as Bennie South Street
Hale Hamilton as Mr. Wilmot
Guy Usher as Coach Jennings

See also
 List of American football films

References

External links

1935 films
1930s English-language films
Paramount Pictures films
American comedy films
1935 comedy films
Films directed by Sidney Lanfield
American black-and-white films
American football films
1930s American films

Hold 'Em Yale (1935 film)


Ogle Marbury (August 23, 1882 – October 3, 1973) was an American politician and jurist who served as Chief Judge of the supreme court of the U.S. state of Maryland, the Court of Appeals.

Early life and education
Marbury was born near Guilford, Howard County, Maryland to Eleanora Brevitt (née MacKenzie) and Reverend Ogle Marbury.  He was privately tutored as a youth, and also attended Baltimore City College and Deichmann Gymnasium School.  He received his B.A. degree in 1902 from Johns Hopkins University, and his LL.B. degree from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1904.

In 1904, Marbury was admitted to the Maryland Bar and entered into private practice in Prince George's County and Baltimore. He worked with the firm of Marbury & Perlman, and later partnered with Lee I. Hecht.

Career
From 1910 to 1912, Marbury served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Prince George's County. In the House, he was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee in 1912, and also as Democratic Floor Leader that same year.

Marbury worked as an attorney for the Prince George's County Commissioners from 1914 to 1918, and again from 1937 to 1941, and was also an attorney for the Prince George's County Board of Education from 1916 to 1937.  He served as Assistant Attorney General of Maryland from 1916 to 1920, and briefly served in an acting capacity as Attorney General of Maryland in 1919.  He was an at-large delegate to the 1920 Democratic National Convention, and chairman of the Maryland State Board of Prison Control from 1920 to 1923.  He also served as City Solicitor of Laurel, Maryland from 1929 to 1941, and as President of the Maryland State Bar Association in 1946.

In 1940, Marbury served as an associate judge and chief judge of the 7th Circuit of the Prince George's County Circuit Court.  He served as an associate judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1941 to 1944, and as Chief Judge of that court from 1944 to 1952.

Personal life
Marbury married Eliza Gardner Cronmiller (died 1955), with whom he had one daughter: Anne Tasker Ogle Marbury Oberweiser. He was an Episcopalian.

Marbury died on October 3, 1973.

References

Chief Judges of the Maryland Court of Appeals
Maryland Attorneys General
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Maryland, Baltimore alumni
People from Howard County, Maryland
Maryland lawyers
1882 births
1955 deaths
Baltimore City College alumni
20th-century American judges
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers
Episcopalians from Maryland

Ogle Marbury


Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso National Botanical Garden (Jardin Botanico Nacional Dr. Rafael Ma. Moscoso) is a botanical garden in the heart of Santo Domingo.  The park was founded in 1976 and was named after Rafael Maria Moscoso, a Dominican botanist who cataloged the flora on the island of Hispaniola.

The garden's symbol is a "guanito" leaf (Coccothrinax argentea) which is a palm tree found in the garden.  The garden is a decentralized institution that reports to the Dominican Republic's Presidential Ministry of Management.

References

External links
 http://www.jbn-sdq.org - Official Site

Buildings and structures in Santo Domingo
Botanical gardens in the Dominican Republic
1976 establishments in the Dominican Republic
Geography of Santo Domingo
Tourist attractions in Santo Domingo
An open-air trolley (operating every 30 minutes until 4:30pm) takes passengers on a pleasant half-hour turn about the park and is especially enjoyable for children. The garden hosts a variety of events, including an orchid exhibition and competition in March and a bonsai exhibition in April


Jason Behr (born December 30, 1973) is an American film and television actor. He first starred in the American television series Roswell, for which he was twice nominated for a Saturn Award, followed by roles in the films The Shipping News and the American remake of the Japanese horror film The Grudge. Behr has also had a series of guest appearances in various television shows like Step by Step, The Profiler, 7th Heaven, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and JAG and had recurring roles in the American television series Dawson's Creek and Breakout Kings.

Early life
The second of four boys, Behr was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on December 30, 1973, to Patricia Ann Steiner and David Behr. After his parents' divorce, Patricia moved her sons to the suburb of Richfield, where Jason attended St. Richards Catholic Elementary, a private grade school.

Behr first started acting at the age of five when he participated in a school play as a sunflower. By age eight he was doing commercials for Stomper Trucks and modeling for local department stores. Behr continued to perform throughout his school years. In 1992 he graduated from Richfield Senior High School. At the age of 19, after a chance meeting with Hollywood manager Marvin Dauer in Minneapolis, Behr moved to Los Angeles. In his early acting career, he appeared in over 75 commercials, and in 1995 landed the role of Tyler Baker in the racy Showtime comedy series Sherman Oaks. It ran for two seasons until it was cancelled in early 1997.

Career
After Sherman Oaks, Behr had a series of guest appearances in various television shows (Step by Step, The Profiler, 7th Heaven, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, JAG). He was cast in the ABC series Push, but the ill-fated show only aired a few times before being cancelled. Then Behr picked up a recurring role as the character Chris Wolfe in The WB's series Dawson's Creek. While filming the show in North Carolina, Jason read the script for a pilot called Roswell High — later shortened to Roswell — and felt an immediate affinity for the lead alien, Max Evans. Roswell had a moderately successful run on The WB for two seasons, then moved to UPN for its third and final season. While the show never hit it big in the ratings, the series had an extremely loyal fan base.

Since Roswell, Behr has taken on a variety of roles in independent films such as: Unsu Lee's Happily, Even After; Jefery Levy's Man of God, and Rebecca Cook's Shooting Livien. In 2001 he played Dennis Buggit in Lasse Hallstrom's The Shipping News, co-starring with Kevin Spacey, Judi Dench, Julianne Moore, and Cate Blanchett. He made a guest appearance in Buffy the Vampire Slayer in 1998, and was later reunited with leading actress Sarah Michelle Gellar in the hit Japanese/American film collaboration The Grudge. His two most recent film appearances were in the Korean CGI dragon fantasy D-War and Lions Gate's reinvention of the werewolf tale, Skinwalkers.

In the spring of 2006, Behr wrapped the CBS dramatic pilot, The Way, about a powerful New England family that uses witchcraft to further its business enterprises. Jason plays Michael Warden, the show's male lead, one of the family's children who is at the center of a sibling power rivalry. Jason is in good company with fellow castmates who include, Jane Alexander, Julia Ormond, Peter Strauss, Will Patton, and Andrew McCarthy. As of May 17, 2006, CBS announced its fall lineup — and The Way was not picked up. In May 2006, Behr wrapped Senseless, filmed in and around Glasgow, Scotland, for Matador Pictures, Circle of Confusion, Shoreline Entertainment, and in association with Plum Films; a dark chiller written by Simon Hynd, based on the book of the same name by Stona Fitch. Once again, Jason takes the lead, playing Eliott Gast, an American economist who is abducted in Europe by a shadowy anti-globalization group.

Senseless unfolds as an affluent business man (Jason Behr) finds himself the unwilling hostage to political extremists who brutally torture him for acts he has no recollection of ever committing.

Audiences of blood-thirsty home viewers fixate on their computer screens as his torment is streamed across the internet and delivers the most graphic and disturbing reality show ever to be broadcast.

Behr starred in the thriller The Tattooist, which cast him as a tattoo artist who becomes fascinated by the Samoan tatau tradition, but his desire to learn the ancient skill brings him into conflict and danger with the island mysticism and a deadly spirit is released as a result.
The film was commercial director Peter Burger's feature film debut. Filming started in Auckland, New Zealand, in September 2006, and finished in early November 2006. It was released in New Zealand on 30 August 2007.

In April 2007, Behr began shooting his new film project Frost (since renamed The Last International Playboy). The film made its debut at the Gen Art film festival in New York City in April 2008, with its nationwide theatrical release on June 12, 2009.

In October 2019 it was revealed at the New York Comic Con that Behr would have a recurring part in Roswell, New Mexico in an undisclosed role.

In March 2021 it was announced that Behr would have a recurring role in Supergirl in an undisclosed role. This role turned out to be Zor-El who was previously portrayed by Robert Gant in season 1 and season 2.

Personal life
Behr previously dated his Roswell co-star Katherine Heigl. While shooting The Grudge in Japan, he met actress Katherine Dee Strickland, whom he married on November 10, 2006, in Ojai, California. They have a son, born October 2013.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Jason Behr at MTV Movies

1973 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Minneapolis
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors

Jason Behr


Ana Galvis Hotz (22 June 1855 — 2 November 1934) was the first Colombian woman to have obtained a medical degree as a Doctor of Medicine.

Ana was born on 22 June 1855 in Bogotá to Dr. Nicanor Galvis from Colombia, and his wife Sophie Hotz from Switzerland. In April 1872 she enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bern, becoming the first regular full-time student of the University, where she obtained her degree as a Doctor of Medicine on 26 June 1877 with her dissertation titled Über Amnionepithel (On the Amniotic Epithelial); she thus became not only the first Colombian female medical doctor, but also the first from Latin America or Spain, at a time when women could not even attend university in Colombia. On her return to Colombia she opened her own medical practice advertising her services as a "specialist on the diseases of the uterus and its surroundings"; therefore she is now also recognized as the first Colombian gynaecologist.

References

1855 births
1934 deaths
People from Bogotá
Colombian people of Swiss descent
19th-century Colombian women
University of Bern alumni
Colombian gynaecologists
19th-century women physicians

Ana Galvis Hotz


Josef Zemp (2 September 1834, in Entlebuch – 8 December 1908) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1891–1908).

On 17 December 1891, he was the first member of a conservative party to be elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland. He was affiliated to the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. He left office on 17 June 1908, only a few months prior to his death.

During his time in office he held the following departments:
 Department of Posts and Railways (1892–1901)
 Political Department as President of the Confederation (1902)
 Department of Posts and Railways (1903–1908)
He was President of the Confederation twice in 1895 and 1902.

External links

1834 births
1908 deaths
People from Entlebuch District
Swiss Roman Catholics
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland politicians
Foreign ministers of Switzerland
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Members of the Council of States (Switzerland)
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
Presidents of the National Council (Switzerland)
Heidelberg University alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni

Josef Zemp


The London Society is a British membership organisation established to encourage public interest and participation in urban planning and transport matters in London as well as to study and celebrate the capital's unique history and character. It is among the oldest civic societies in the United Kingdom.

Purpose

The society advertises itself as being "for all those who love London". Its original motto was "Antiqua Tegenda, Pulchra Petenda, Futura Colenda", Latin for "look after the old, seek the beautiful, cultivate the future". It was agreed at the society's annual general meeting in 2018 that a new motto would be adopted: "Valuing the past; looking to the future", which came into effect in 2019. The society's journal states that "the aim of the society is to stimulate a wider concern for the beauty of the capital city, for the preservation of its charms and the careful consideration of its developments".

History

The London Society was founded on the back of the town planning movement in the early 20th century. In the year following the first planning act of 1909 the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) held a London conference which focused attention on the capital city, and the Architectural Review began a town planning supplement. In its first issue the architect David Barclay Niven wrote a paper on the need for new roads and a system of parks in outer London before the area was swamped by new development; his ideas chimed with those of George Pepler who gave a paper at the RIBA conference suggesting that a voluntary body might undertake inquiries into London's needs and lead public opinion. The London Society became this body.

The society was formally inaugurated on 9 February 1912 at a meeting at the galleries of the Royal Society of British Artists.  The minutes of the first meeting indicate that it was attended by only 'a few men keenly interested in the artistic development of London and the protection of its beauty and character'. Two weeks later, the society adopted its name and settled its objects as being 'to foster an intelligent interest in London as the largest civic centre' and 'to induce a public spirit for the study and encouragement of its improvement'. The Earl of Plymouth accepted the position of president of the London Society. Niven took the chair at the first meeting in 1912, though he was soon succeeded by the weightier figure of Aston Webb. By the third meeting on 9 February 1912, 160 people were present. Those who had been promoting the need to prepare a plan for London at the Town Planning Conference were quick to join. This included politician John Burns, planner Sir George Pepler, and architects William Edward Riley and Arthur Beresford Pite.

The society was launched to the general public on 13 January 1913 at a meeting held at the Mansion House, under the presidency of the Lord Mayor, Earl Curzon of Kedleston (later the 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston) who delivered an address that neatly described its objects as being "to make London beautiful where it is not so already, and to keep it beautiful where it already is". The fledgling society attracted wide coverage and interest. By the end of 1913 the society's membership was over 400, including 65 MPs and peers, 9 members of the London County Council and many practising architects and surveyors. Early members also included planners, engineers and artists. Its formation partly reflected a shift from a 19th-century philanthropic approach to urban reform to a more professional and democratic attempt to planning of the whole urban environment. It predated the establishment of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 1914. The journalist Thomas Raffles Davison wrote:

"The chief issue is the good of London, its orderly and beautiful development, its general amenity as a place for business or pleasure", and that the society's role was "to think about the Future of London and its improvement" as well as "the jealous preservation of all that is old and beautiful in London as far as is possible."

Sir Bruce Ingram, Lord Northcliffe and George Riddell, 1st Baron Riddell brought press fire-power. Bruce Ingram was managing director of The Illustrated London News and The Sketch, Lord Northcliffe who was vice president of the society by 1919 owned The Evening News (a London newspaper), The Times and the Daily Mail, whilst Sir George Riddell, who was on the society's council, was managing director of the News of the World. Viscount Hambledon was proprietor of WHSmith.

The society developed the first Development Plan of Greater London (1919) which influenced thinking about shaping places and the post-war planning put forward in Patrick Abercrombie's Greater London Plan (1944). This was the first attempt to envisage the management of London as a functional metropolitan region and a key step in developing the notion of a green belt. The first major project to be taken up by the society, the Development Plan pulled together many of the ideas for roads and open spaces being canvassed in the years before the Great War. War delayed this work though preparation of the plan provided some employment for architects when new building more or less ended. The plan was completed in 1917 but government controls prevented its publication until the end of 1918. The Metropolitan Police had covered a wide area since its establishment in 1829 but otherwise the concept of a Greater London to be planned as a whole was forward-looking and not given administrative force until the establishment of the Greater London Council in 1965. When Patrick Abercrombie was asked to draft a plan for the LCC area in 1941 he commented that he would only do it if he could follow the lead of the London Society and do a plan for Greater London as well.

By the early 21st century the society's activities had begun to focus increasingly on heritage and conservation. For this reason, following its centenary in 2012, the society's executive committee proposed merging the organisation into the Heritage of London Trust (HOLT). This prompted an influential group of professionals to intervene and set out an alternative vision for the future, instead making the case for retaining and reinvigorating the charity with a renewed focus on its original objects. A vote was taken among members of the society at an extraordinary general meeting in December 2013. This prevented the merger and the society was formally relaunched in September 2014 by a new executive committee.

Modern society

Membership of the London Society is open to all. The society is supported by a range of patrons and members, both organisational and individual.

President: The current president is Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.
Committee: Leanne Tritton (chair), Neil Bennett and Darryl Chen (both vice-chairman), Barry Coidan (treasurer), and Helen Parton (editor). Other committee members include Michael Coupe, Alpa Depani, Rob Fiehn, Dave Hill, Nick Mckeogh, Mark Prizeman, Lucy Smith and Eric Sorensen.

Notable members

The founding members of the society were "an extraordinary assemblage of the Great and the Good". Its first chair was Aston Webb. Its vice-presidents included Lord Curzon, former Viceroy of India, John Elliot Burns, then president of the Local Government Board, Lord Northcliffe, owner of The Times, and retail tycoon Gordon Selfridge.

In March 1914 The Builder commented that "architects are the backbone of The London Society". Indeed, notable early members of the council and executive committee include Sir Edwin Lutyens, Raymond Unwin, Sir Aston Webb, Stanley Davenport Adshead, Arthur Beresford Pite, David Barclay Niven, Leonard Stokes and Reginald Blomfield. The architectural legacy of many of these early members is evident both within London and beyond: Lutyens was architect of The Cenotaph and New Delhi, Unwin designer of garden cities such as Welwyn and Letchworth and Hampstead Garden Suburb, Webb as architect of the front façade of Buckingham Palace and the V&A Museum, and Adshead as president of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

Those from beyond the architectural professions included illustrator Thomas Raffles Davison, artist and president of the Royal Academy, Frank Brangwyn (who studied under William Morris and worked alongside Diego Rivera and Josep Maria Sert to decorate the concourse of the RCA Building in New York), publisher J. M. Dent (producer of the Everyman's Library series) and politician Reginald Brabazon, 12th Earl of Meath. Painter and past director of the National Gallery, Sir Edward Poynter, joined in 1913. So too did Sir Thomas Brock, sculptor of the Queen Victoria memorial. Lady Feodora Gleichen, the first woman to be made a member of the Royal Society of Sculptors, joined in 1919.

At the time of the 2014 saving and relaunch, the executive committee comprised: Peter Barber, Peter Bishop, Patricia Brown, Michael Coupe, Benjamin Derbyshire, Kathryn Firth, Martin Hart, Edward Jones, Jonathan Manns, Nick McKeogh, David Michon, Peter Murray (chairman), Clive Price, Mark Prizeman, Eric Reynolds, Eric Sorensen and Deyan Sudjic.

Journal

The Journal of The London Society was first produced in 1913, and, while the format has changed over time, it has been published ever since. It is now published twice a year and distributed free of charge to members. The current editor is Helen Parton. Past editors include former deputy editor of Time Out London Jessica Cargill Thompson and Booker-nominated Philippa Stockley.

White papers

From its earliest days it has produced reports and contributed to debates about the future of London and various of its landmarks (e.g. London churches, Euston Arch, the British Museum, etc.). Indeed, a collection of essays published in 1921 was entitled London of the Future. In this context, the society has historically played a significant 'thought leadership' role. To continue this work the society in 2014 launched a series of occasional white papers by those at the forefront of debate about the city. These are considered on their merit. They are professionally rigorous, peer-reviewed and intended to direct discussion about the evolution of London. Those published to-date include:

Green Sprawl: Our current affection for a preservation myth? (2014)

The society's first white paper was authored by the English urban planner and surveyor Jonathan Manns. It provides a comprehensive history of the evolution of London's green belt from the 19th century until the 1960s and contextualizes this with a consideration of that which existed in the early 21st Century. Regarded as "an excellent historical account of the establishment of the Green Belt around London", the report attracted wide coverage and prompted an update of the House of Commons Standard Note on Green Belt (SN/SC/934) and subsequent Research Briefings. The most widely reported element within the public media was its emphasis on the need to "move away from the simplistic and naïve idea that that countryside is a sacrosanct patchwork of medieval hedgerows and towards an empirically informed position which once more recognises housing as a need to be met in locations with appropriate environmental capacity." Manns said:
"This means asking ourselves how best to meet the challenges faced today in an holistic and strategic manner. Would we devise the current green belt if we started again today and do we actually need the green belt in certain places? It emerged as an idea that flexibly evolved and adapted to respond to the perceived challenges facing each generation. We can and should have the confidence to build on these achievements and re-envisage it for those that follow."

Building Greater London: An end to the Capital's crisis of affordability (2015)

Written by Ben Derbyshire, English architect (managing partner of HTA Design), it considers London's housing shortage at the start of the 21st century and proposes solutions, including a strategic revamp of the structure of governance for the economic region of Greater London and consideration of the kinds of housing solutions that the leadership of such an entity could pursue. Looking to examples from elsewhere in the world, the implication of Derbyshire's work is that London has fallen behind; he told Building: "Melbourne has built example homes of different kinds all around its central business district, San Francisco has got a larger area with greater powers and is encouraging a more diverse offer". He said:
"The people most adversely affected by the affordability crisis are London's young who are struggling to find places to live in the city, yet on the other hand they are the entrepreneurial seedbed of the city's future."

Re/Shaping London: Unlocking Sustainable Growth in West London and Beyond (2016)

Jointly authored by Jonathan Manns and Nicholas Falk, this paper sets out recommendations as to how planning could be done better in England and gives consideration to the opportunities in West London. It was published by the London Society and commissioned by the All Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) for London's Planning and Built Environment. The most publicized idea was for a 'green web' to replace the 'green belt' in some locations, with the ambition being to create a "multifunctional green infrastructure landscape" in which new-build and publicly accessible natural space sat side by side. It also calls for a new Garden City at Northolt Airport and a new orbital railway linking Uxbridge and Staines via West Drayton and Heathrow. Huq, who chairs the APPG, said:
"It is only through innovative fresh-thinking such as this that we can begin to chart a course towards the type of cities in which we wish to live."

Political influence

London's parliamentarians have a close historic involvement with the society. In the early years the political diversity and influence of the society was particularly notable, not least because the Government remained cautious of state intervention in built environment issues. Early Liberal members included Viscount Cowdray and Walter Morrison, whilst Conservatives included the Earl of Crawford and Sir George Touche; all were members of the Parliamentary Committee by 1919. More widely, founding member John Adams was committed to the Marxist Democratic Federation (later the Social Democratic Federation) whilst Lady St Davids was an influential campaigner for women's rights. By 1920 the Parliamentary Committee had 40 members, which included the majority of London MPs and peers.

This connection to Parliament was re-established with the launch of the All-party parliamentary group (APPG) on London's Planning and Built Environment in October 2015, for which the society provides the secretariat. When launched, the APPG was the first cross-party group to focus on London's planning and built environment for some 50 years. The first chair was Rupa Huq and vice-chair Paul Scully, with the Bishop of London being Lords liaison and Helen Hayes acting as treasurer.

Library

The library is a research resource for matters relating to the history of London and contains over 3,500 items. It is held at Mortimer Wheeler House. Its contents include books, periodicals, maps, press cuttings, letters and drawings. Access is available to members on request.

Activities

Society events include member visits to places of interest, keynote lectures (including the annual Banister Fletcher Lecture), debates and social events. These are intended to bring together those with a particular interest in the city, whatever their age or interests. Recent speakers have included Stephen Bayley, Rowan Moore and Robert Peston.

Banister Fletcher Lecture

Sir Banister Flight Fletcher (1866–1953) was an English architect and architectural historian. He was president of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) from 1929 to 1931. With his father he co-authored A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method (1896) which became the standard architectural textbook for much of the twentieth century. Banister Fletcher was an early member of the society and his will provided a small bequest to the society on condition that it held an annual lecture in his name, which was inaugurated upon his death. Speakers have included:

References

External links
London Society

Clubs and societies in London
Organizations established in 1912
1912 establishments in England
Transport in London
Town and country planning in London
Interested parties in planning in England

London Society (organisation)


A cookie press is a device for making pressed cookies such as spritzgebäck. It consists of a cylinder with a plunger on one end, which is used to extrude cookie dough through a small hole at the other end. Typically the cookie press has interchangeable perforated plates with holes in different shapes, such as a star shape or a narrow slit to extrude the dough in ribbons.

References

Food preparation utensils

Cookie press


Filippos Margaritis (1810–1892) is generally acknowledged to have been the first Greek photographer, whose earliest daguerreotypes, of the Acropolis of Athens, date from 1847. Having studied painting in lithography in Paris, he opened a studio in [Athens] in 1837 and began teaching at the School of Fine Arts in 1842. He learned the techniques of the daguerreotypes from the French photographer Philibert Perraud who arrived in Greece in 1847, and in turn passed on his knowledge to the students of Athens Polytechnic around 1850.

Later, he moved on to producing calotypes and albumen prints on paper, including views of the antiquities of Athens as well as formal portraits of Athenian society including members of the courts of King Otto and his successor George I.

He travelled abroad frequently, often to exhibit his work at international exhibitions and fairs. He died in his sister's home in Würzburg on 1 April 1892.

References

Bibliography
Alkis Xanthakis, Filippos Margaritis, Fotografos Editions, Athens 1990 (64 pp.)

Greek educators
Greek photographers
1810 births
1892 deaths
Smyrniote Greeks

Filippos Margaritis


The Abetxuko Bridge is a steel girder bridge with organic forms in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Basque Country, Spain.

The Abetxuko Bridge over the Zadorra River is one of several projects being built by Vitoria council to improve mobility for its citizens and, above all, for the inhabitants of the Abetxuko area who for several decades have only been able to reach the city centre via an old, -wide bridge. The narrow deck on the old bridge only has space for two carriageways and a narrow pedestrian walkway. Crossing the bridge was risky for pedestrians as they are so close to the traffic, a danger which the council decided to eliminate in 2005. Also the old bridge had limited hydraulic capacity.  It remains just to the east of the current bridge.

The construction of the bridge was also central to the regeneration plan for the area (the green corridor of Vitoria). The project was intended to improve the mobility between the Abetxuko neighbourhood and the centre of Vitoria, connecting the neighbours physically and socially.

Description
The bridge is a continuous structure with three spans, 2 of  and a main span of , and a total deck width of .  It carries four road traffic lanes, a central tramway line with two tracks, and two pedestrian walkways. The structural system consists of two parallel trusses with organic forms, their dimensions adjusted according to the structural requirements. The trusses are inclined 5° from the vertical to create a more dynamic appearance for the bridge.

The structure is formed by two longitudinal trusses. The design of the trusses goes beyond the traditional forms, and introduces complex forms of organic shapes whose dimensions fit the resistant requirements. The designers responsible for the creation of the bridge, who have defined the structure as a living work capable of fitting into its surroundings, have used weathering steel to recall the work of Basque artists such as Chillida and Oteiza.

The traditional truss spaces become alveoli of varied forms whose appearance invites very different perspectives. The bridge has the property of changing in colour over time, something that, together with the shadows it projects at certain times of the day, transforms it into a structure that changes together with its surroundings.

The total cost of the structure was approximately €2.7million (935 €/m2), which is only about 10-15% more than a standard steel bridge of the same dimensions.

Construction
Construction of the bridge began in March 2006, and was successfully completed in December.

See also
Juan Sobrino

References

External links

Bridges in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Bridges completed in 2006
Truss bridges
Steel bridges in Spain
Weathering steel

Abetxuko Bridge