Over 50 contracted and former Celtic F.C. players fought in World War I, seven of whom died.  Of those that fought, William Angus was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery in battle.

Background
In the early 20th Century Celtic F.C. was already a successful club having won 10 Scottish League Championships and 8 Scottish Cups in their 26-year history (by 1914). Celtic won the league four times in a row during World War I. During this run of league championships, Celtic went 62 matches unbeaten from 20 November 1915 until 14 April 1917, a record in British football that stood for a century. However, football was not as important due to the War effort; attendances fell, player's salaries were reduced and there was increased pressure to complete the fixture list. On one occasion in 1916, during their 62 match unbeaten run, Celtic had to play two matches on the same day against Raith Rovers and Motherwell, and won both 6–0 and 3–1 respectively. Recruitment drives were also held at football matches and on one occasion an exhibition of trench warfare was held at Celtic Park.

Over 50 contracted and former Celtic players served in the war.  Of the 908,371 British and Commonwealth soldiers who died in the fighting, six were former Celtic players whilst one was still a contracted player at the club. The fallen were Patrick Slavin, Leigh Richmond Roose, Donnie McLeod, Archie McMillan, Bob Craig, John McLaughlin and Peter Johnstone. Roose and Slavin died in the Battle of the Somme (1916), four others died in 1917 and Craig died in 1918.

The men who died

Leigh Roose
Roose was a Welsh goalkeeper who played a trial match for Celtic in 1910. He had 24 caps for Wales and a Doctorate in Bacteriology before he joined the 9th Royal Fusiliers in 1914. He rose to the rank of Lance Corporal and was awarded the Military Medal before his death on 7 October 1916 between the hours of 1.45pm and 9.00pm in the Battle for Montauban. His regiment was sent to attack the enemy line and it is believed that he died as a result of heavy machine gun fire and shelling when his regiment came under attack (he is recorded as missing on the Thiepval Memorial). On that day it is recorded 25 died, 165 missing and 132 wounded.

Patrick Slavin
Slavin was the second former player to die. He rose to the rank of Sergeant and was with the 2nd Battalion Royal Scots and died 13 November 1916, in the 2nd Battle for the village of Serre. The day he died it was reported that there was thick fog by 5 am and that the enemy's barbed wire was not cut, he is reported to have been shot dead after "going over the top", that day 23 died, 84 missing and 177 wounded.

John McLaughlin
McLaughlin's records are scant which is an indication that he may never have made a first team appearance for Celtic. However, it is known that he played for Mossend Hibs and Renton. He held the rank of private and was in the 11th Battalion of the Highland Light Infantry. He was injured on 23 April 1917 when his battalion came under fire at the Battle of Calvary Farm at Monchy Le Preux which is north of Arras. He did not survive his wounds and died on 10 May 1917.

Peter Johnstone

Peter Johnstone was the only contracted Celtic player to give his life in the war – a pre-war club legend who had played for Celtic 223 times and won the league four times under manager Willie Maley. Peter joined the 6th Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders. He died in May 1917, when his regiment were told to capture a chemical factory as part of the Battle of Arras. In the second day of the battle it was reported 43 died, 26 missing and 51 wounded; although he among the missing, rumours of his death spread around Glasgow and were confirmed on 6 June 1917. His name is engraved on the Arras Memorial.

Archie McMillan
Archie McMillan was an outside left who failed to make a competitive appearance for Celtic. He held the rank of Private and was in the 1st/7th Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. From 21 to 23 November 1917, his regiment was involved in heavy fighting in the Battle of Cambrai. Their orders were to capture the village of Fontaine-Notre-Dame, Aisne and although they were successful he was shot dead and was among the 9 dead, 22 missing and 128 wounded. He is buried in a British war cemetery in Manancourt.

Donald McLeod

Donald "Donnie" McLeod was a full back who played 155 times for Celtic between 1902 and 1908. He subsequently moved to Middlesbrough and was playing for them when he joined the army. He was a gunner in the 466th Battery of the 65th Royal Field Artillery. It is known that he died of his injuries on 6 October 1917 the cause of them is unknown. However it is most certain that he died in Belgium and was involved (or died) in the Battle of Passchendaele. McLeod is buried in Dozingham Military Cemetery, Westvleteren, Belgium, Plot 5, Row G, Grave 7.

Bob Craig
Bob Craig left Celtic in 1909, having spent three seasons at the club and was the final former Celtic player to die in the war. He was a full-back and played 13 times for the club.  He was a private in the 5th Battalion of the South Wales Borderers and died on 19 April 1918. He died of his wounds from 11/04/1918 when the enemy re-captured the town of Mesen in Belgium. He is buried in Boulogne Eastern Cemetery, plot 9, row A, grave 3.

William Angus VC

In 1914 William Angus was captain of Wishaw Thistle. Details of his time at Celtic remain uncertain, but he was contracted to the club for a short spell before the war, making a couple of appearances for the reserve team. He left the club at some point in season 1913/14 and returned to his primary occupation as a miner in Carluke. He was also a Territorial soldier in the local battalion of the Highland Light Infantry. In 1914 his unit was mobilized and his entire company was sent as a reinforcement draft to the 8th Royal Scots. He crossed to France later that year and in June 1915, near Givenchy, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for bravery and valour in rescuing Lt James Martin who had fallen wounded a few feet from the German line. Angus was wounded 40 times in the process and lost an eye. When he came home to Scotland he was given a hero's welcome and was always a guest of honour in major football matches. He also became the president of Carluke Rovers F.C. and held that position until his death.

Charity
Despite not being actively involved in the conflict, the people at home made valuable contributions to the war effort. In 1918 Celtic won the Navy and Army War Fund Shield, a friendly tournament that Celtic and a few other teams agreed to take part as a fundraising event to give money to footballers and their families who fought in the war.

See also
History of Celtic F.C.
Association football during World War I

References

External links
 TheCelticWiki
 For Valour
 Hellfire Corner

Celtic F.C.
Lists of World War I veterans

Celtic F.C. and World War I


The Department of Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs was an Australian government department that existed between July 1987 and March 1993.

Scope
Information about the department's functions and/or government funding allocation could be found in the Administrative Arrangements Orders, the annual Portfolio Budget Statements and in the Department's annual reports.

According to the Administrative Arrangements Order (AAO) made on 24 July 1987, the Department dealt with:
Migration, including refugees
Citizenship and aliens
Ethic affairs
Post-arrival arrangements for migrants, other than migrant child education
Matters relating to local government
Regional development

Structure
The Department was an Australian Public Service department, staffed by officials who were responsible to the Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs. The Ministers were Mick Young (until February 1998), then Clyde Holding (from February 1998 until September 1988), then Robert Ray (September 1988 to April 1990 and finally Gerry Hand (April 1990 until March 1993).

From 24 July 1987 to 1 April 1990, the Secretary of the Department was Ron Brown; from 1 April 1990 to 24 March 1993, the Secretary was Chris Conybeare.

References

Ministries established in 1987
Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs
1987 establishments in Australia
1993 disestablishments in Australia


The Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 1992 marked the 40th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. Contrary to her Silver Jubilee in 1977, there were no widespread public celebrations of the Ruby Jubilee; it was a low-profile event. However, there were some observances to mark the milestone.

Commemorations

Different stamps and coins marking 40 years of Elizabeth II as Queen were released by the United Kingdom (including its Crown dependencies and Overseas territories), Commonwealth realms and some former realms of the Queen.

Australia

Royal tour

The Queen and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh undertook a royal tour of Australia in February 1992 in order to officiate at celebrations marking the 150th anniversary of Sydney City's Council, during her 40th year as monarch. The Queen officially opened refurbishments to the Sydney Town Hall and also the Paddock Stand at Sydney's Royal Randwick Racecourse, headquarters of the Australian Jockey Club, which also celebrated its 150th anniversary.
It was also on this occasion that the Queen certified Randwick as 'Royal'.

The Prime Minister of Australia, Paul Keating, also congratulated the Queen for reaching the 40th anniversary of her accession to the throne. It was also on this occasion, that Prime Minister Keating broke royal protocol by placing his hand on the Queen's back, causing outraged British tabloid newspapers to dub him the 'Lizard of Oz'.

The Royal Ladies Coin and Medallion set
The Royal Australian Mint issued a special commemorative coin set, both in gold and in silver, to mark the Queen's Ruby Jubilee. Titled 'The Royal Ladies', the set consists of four proof twenty-five dollar coins commemorating the 40th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II. The reverses portray Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, the Princess of Wales, the Princess Royal and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon. The set also includes a medallion.

Canada

An equestrian statue of the Queen was commissioned in 1990 in order to commemorate the Ruby Jubilee and the 125th anniversary of Confederation in 1992. The statue was unveiled on 30 June 1992 during the Queen's 1992 Royal tour of Canada, which took place until 3 July. The statue was unveiled on the grounds of Parliament Hill, situated across a statue of Queen Victoria, the first monarch of a confederated Canada.

The Queen undertook the royal tour in order to preside over several commemorations relating to the 125th anniversary of Canadian Confederation and her Ruby Jubilee. On the same day she unveiled her equestrian statue, the Queen also unveiled two stained-glass windows at Rideau Hall, one to commemorate her Ruby Jubilee, the other to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the appointment of the first Canadian-born governor general of Canada, and the 25th year of the Canadian Honours System. She also presented new colours to her regiment, the Canadian Grenadier Guards. The following day, she presided over the swearing in of new members for the Queen's Privy Council of Canada, before presiding over official Canada Day celebrations on Parliament Hill.

During the year, the Parliament of Canada also passed a motion of congratulations to the Queen for reaching the milestone.

New Zealand
On 3 March 1992, during the second session of the 43rd New Zealand Parliament, a motion moved by the Prime Minister of New Zealand Jim Bolger, in which the House offered their "warm and sincere" congratulations to the Queen of New Zealand on her Ruby Jubilee. Prime Minister Bolger said, "For 40 years the Queen has led the Commonwealth as a symbol of unity and a rallying point for the constitutional values that form the basis of our political system". He added, "A life of utmost decorum, a record of outstanding public service, and 40 years of political experience at the highest level are all attributes that deserve our affection, respect, and constitutional loyalty".

The Speaker Robin Gray said that the anniversary of the Queen's accession coincides with Waitangi Day, which "creates a unique bond" between the Crown and the people of New Zealand.

The motion was supported by the Opposition and was passed by the House. The House also extended its appreciation to the Duke of Edinburgh and other members of the Royal Family who supported Elizabeth II as Queen of New Zealand and as Head of the Commonwealth.

United Kingdom

The Royal Anniversary Trust was established in 1990 to create a national programme of educational activities and other events marking the Queen's Ruby Jubilee in 1992.

On Accession Day, Prime Minister John Major and Leader of the Opposition Neil Kinnock in the House of Commons gave statements of congratulations to her for reaching the milestone. On the same day, Queen Elizabeth II, wearing a purple outfit and a diamond and amethyst brooch, set out on a walkabout in the village of Snettisham near Sandringham, Norfolk, to mark the 40th anniversary of her accession to the throne. She was greeted by members of the public and they presented bouquets to the Queen.

A gala was held at the Royal Opera House on 10 February 1992 to mark the 40th anniversary of the Queen's accession. It was attended by the Queen and included a performance of Mozart's Don Giovanni.

On 14 February, it was announced that the Queen had agreed to confer city status upon Sunderland as part of celebrations to mark the Ruby Jubilee.

Ted Hughes composed a poem, "The Unicorn", for the Jubilee.

On 8 July 1992, a tribute was held at the Fountain Court of Hampton Court Palace to celebrate the Queen's Ruby Jubilee. It was attended by the Queen and Prince Philip. The tribute started after a girl presented a bouquet of red roses to the Queen. It included performances by children from all over the world to represent the Commonwealth. The Youth Ballet performed the 'Royal Kitchen Mice Polka'.

A banquet was hosted at Spencer House by Prime Minister John Major and former Prime Ministers Harold Wilson, Edward Heath, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher on 27 July 1992 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of The Queen's accession. The royal party that attended the banquet were the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the Prince and Princess of Wales.

The Great Event

A grand gala celebration of forty years of the Queen's reign, entitled The Great Event, was held at London's Earl's Court on 26 October 1992. It was organized by the Royal Anniversary Trust and televised throughout the world. The gala was attended by more than 1,700 people, including the Queen, the Duke of Edinburgh; Charles and Diana, the Prince and Princess of Wales; Prince Andrew, Duke of York, Prince Edward, Princess Margaret, Katharine, Duchess of Kent, Princess Michael of Kent, Prime Minister John Major, the leader of the opposition Labour Party, John Smith, the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth Chief Emeka Anyaoku, and the Archbishop of Canterbury, George Carey. The programme included performances by Dame Vera Lynn, the Pearly Kings and Queens, the Sixties Tiller Girls, pop singer Cliff Richard and Lonnie Donegan. Darcey Bussell and Zoltán Solymosi, members of the Royal Ballet performed the pas de deux from Act II of Swan Lake. More than 500 children, who represented the nations of the Commonwealth, took part during the grand finale. They wore their indigenous dresses and arranged on the stage to form a map of the world.

The Commonwealth Mace

During The Great Event at London's Earl's Court, the Queen was presented with a special Commonwealth Mace, which was proposed by the Royal Anniversary Trust and approved by the Commonwealth Heads of Government at Harare Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 1991, to mark the 40th anniversary of the Queen's accession to the throne. The Queen also received fifty-two silver gilt toasting goblets, one for each of the then members of the Commonwealth. The mace itself was designed by the London-based goldsmith Gerald Benney. The Commonwealth Mace contains five kilograms of 18 carat gold, rubies, and is illustrated with the Royal Coat of Arms, the Commonwealth Symbol, and the emamelled flags of the member states of the Commonwealth. Geoffrey Munn, an antiques expert, described it as a "most marvellous tribute to Her Majesty's reign and a lovely thing to see".

Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen

A documentary film, named Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen was made by the BBC to mark the 40th anniversary of the Queen's accession. The Royal family watched and approved of the documentary before it was broadcast on television. The film aired on 6 February 1992, the 40th Accession Day of the Queen, and it was also broadcast in more than 25 countries around the world. It gained the largest audience for a documentary in the history of British television and was watched by more than half of the British population in 1992.

Guildhall Jubilee Lunch

On 24 November 1992, a luncheon was held at the Guildhall, London to honour the Queen's Ruby Jubilee, marking forty years on the throne. The event was organised by the City of London Corporation and attended by more than 500 people including the Queen, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, The Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress of London, and Prime Minister John Major and his wife Norma Major. Donning a dark green dress and matching hat, the Queen delivered a 'historic' speech, in which she described the year 1992 as her annus horribilis (a Latin phrase meaning 'horrible year'). In that year, three of her children's marriages crumbled; a fire destroyed more than a hundred rooms in Windsor Castle; a toe-sucking scandal involving Sarah, Duchess of York, and the publication of Andrew Morton's controversial book about Diana, Princess of Wales called Diana: Her True Story caused a stir in Britain and the monarchy. As a result, the public opinion turned against the Royal Family, and due to this, the jubilee celebrations were toned down.

In addition to that, Mauritius, one of the Queen's realms, became a republic on 12 March; on 22 October during a state visit to Germany, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her, and on 17 December, the Australian government of republican Paul Keating announced that the Queen would be dropped from the Australian citizenship oath.

See also

 Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II
 Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II
 Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II
 Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II
 Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II
 List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign
 List of jubilees of British monarchs

References

External links
Sovereign: A Celebration of Forty Years of Service

February 1992 events in the United Kingdom
1992 festivals
British royal jubilees
Elizabeth II
Events involving British royalty

Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II


The 2011–12 RIT Tigers women's ice hockey team was the Tigers' 37th season of varsity hockey and last at the NCAA Division III level. They represented Rochester Institute of Technology in the 2011–12 NCAA Division III women's ice hockey season. The team was coached by Scott McDonald in his sixth season as the program's head coach and played all of their home games at the Frank Ritter Memorial Ice Arena.

The Tigers compiled a 23–1–1 record in the regular season; they hosted and won the ECAC West Tournament for the second straight year, and hosted the NCAA Frozen Four (national semifinals and finals) for the second straight year.  After a disappointment in the 2011 title game, the Tigers won the 2012 national championship on home ice.  It was the first national championship for any women's athletic team from RIT, and the third overall.

Three days later, the university officially announced their application to move the program to the Division I level for the 2012–13 season.

Standings

Roster

See also
2011–12 NCAA Division III women's ice hockey season

References

External links
 RIT Tigers women's ice hockey

RIT Tigers women's ice hockey seasons

2011–12 RIT Tigers women's ice hockey season


Barium chlorate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Ba(ClO3)2. It contains barium and chlorate ions.

Properties
Barium chlorate is a colorless solid. It is very toxic because it has barium ions in it. It also is an oxidizing agent. It makes oxygen gas when it is heated.

Preparation
Barium chlorate can be made by reacting sodium chlorate and barium chloride. It can also be made by electrolytic oxidation of barium chloride, similar to the chloralkali process. It can also be made by reacting ammonium chlorate, an unstable compound, with barium carbonate. This mixture is boiled, converting the ammonium carbonate to ammonia and carbon dioxide.

Uses
Barium chlorate is used in fireworks to make a green color. It is also used in matches to make oxygen and make the match burn faster.

Related pages
Barium nitrate

Chlorine compounds
Barium compounds

Barium chlorate


William James O'Connor (born 15 July 1986 in Limerick) is an Irish professional darts player who competes in events of the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC).

Career

O'Connor first came to prominence in the 2010 UK Open when he defeated Stuart Monaghan in the First Round by 6 legs to 0. He then defeated Mark Frost and Peter Wright to reach the fourth round, where he played world number 3 James Wade on the main board and lost 9 legs to 3.

He qualified for the 2010 World Grand Prix, where he lost to Barrie Bates in the first round by 2 sets to 0.

O'Connor along with Mick McGowan represented Ireland at the inaugural PDC World Cup of Darts in 2010. The pair defeated Slovakia in the first round 6 legs to 3. However, they were narrowly beaten 6 legs to 5 in the second round to the Australian duo of Simon Whitlock and Paul Nicholson, who were number 4 and 16 in the world rankings respectively.

He played in his second World Cup for Ireland in 2012, again paired with McGowan and, as in 2010, they reached the second round this time by defeating Malaysia 5–2. They played the same Australian pair as in 2010 next and were whitewashed 0–4. The next week he reached the quarter-finals of the first UK Open Qualifier, but was defeated by Kevin Painter 4–6. This would later prove to be O'Connor's deepest run in a tournament in 2012. During the year he qualified for three of the five European Tour events. He was knocked out in the first round of the first two, but at the German Darts Masters he saw off Painter 6–5, before losing 3–6 to Wayne Jones. O'Connor was one of the two Irish qualifiers for the World Grand Prix and missed a dart for the match in the first round against Vincent van der Voort, losing 1–2 in sets.

O'Connor began 2013 ranked world number 54, and played in his third World Cup of Darts and first with Connie Finnan in February.
The pair beat Denmark 5–0 in their first match and despite losing to South Africa 4–5 they finished top of Group B on leg difference to reach the last 16. They faced Japan and were defeated 3–5. O'Connor was beaten 9–4 by Dave Chisnall in the third round of the UK Open having earlier seen off Robbie Singleton and Johnny Haines. He struggled for form after this until the first weekend of November when he lost in the last 16 to Mensur Suljović and Gary Anderson in two Players Championships, earning himself £2,000 in the process.

O'Connor entered 2014 ranked world number 68, just outside the top 64 who had full playing privileges for the year ahead. He entered Q School and had his best result on the third day when he was defeated 5–0 by Pete Dyos in the last 16. The result helped him finish 24th on the Q School Order of Merit to claim the final place on offer for a two-year tour card. He was edged out in the third round of the UK Open 9–8 by Jamie Lewis. O'Connor and Finnan lost five successive legs in the first round of the World Cup of Darts to be beaten 5–3 by Singapore. He was knocked out in the first round of two European Tour events, before picking up his first victory of the season at the European Darts Trophy by averaging 104.36 in a 6–4 win over Mensur Suljović. In the second round, O'Connor was 5–4 ahead of Justin Pipe but bust his score when on 70 and missed one match dart at double six to be beaten 6–5.

At the 2015 UK Open, O'Connor overcame Dean Winstanley 5–3, Mark Webster 9–5 and Ian White 9–6 to reach the fifth round of the event for the first time where he played Stephen Bunting. The opening eight legs were shared, before Bunting took four of the next five and he went on to eliminate O'Connor 9–6. He saw off Ian White 6–1 and Vincent van der Voort 6–3 to reach his first quarter-final in three years and first in a European Tour event at the German Darts Masters. O'Connor led world number one Michael van Gerwen 3–1, but went on to lose 6–4 despite taking out three 100 plus finishes. O'Connor and Finnan's World Cup second round match with Hong Kong went to a doubles match which they lost 4–3. O'Connor was unable to advance past the first round of the World Grand Prix for the fourth time as he missed two match darts against Jamie Lewis.

O'Connor was beaten 6–5 by Jeffrey de Graaf in the second round of the UK Open. He ousted Tomas Seyler 6–3 and Kim Huybrechts 6–1 at the German Darts Masters, before losing 6–2 to Gary Anderson in the third round. O'Connor did not get past the last 64 of any individual event in the rest of the year. At the World Cup he and Mick McGowan squeezed past Hong Kong 5–4 in the first round, but they exited the tournament in the next round after they lost their singles matches to the Northern Irish team of Daryl Gurney and Brendan Dolan.

O'Connor just avoided having to enter Q School in 2017 as he was ranked 64th on the Order of Merit.

William kicked off 2017 when he defeated Max Hopp, Christian Kist, Keegan Brown, Ritchie Edhouse and Devon Peterson on the way to a quarter final in UK Open Qualifier 1. He eventually lost to Ricky Evans, but coupled with a run to the Last 32 in Qualifier 5, he did enough to make his way into the 2017 UK Open.

O'Connor entered the UK Open in the second round, where he took on fellow Irishman Steve Lennon. William got the better of Lennon 6–2 to book a spot in the Last 64. Here, he played Mick Todd, who O'Connor beat 10–3 over the longer format.  In the Last 32, he played Ronnie Baxter, with William claiming a super 10–6 win to reach his second ever UK Open Last 16. Simon Whitlock was his opponent, and the Aussie proved just too much, defeating O'Connor 10–7, although the Limerick man picked up £6,500 for his run.

O'Connor continued his form in Barnsley the following weekend, reaching the Last 16 of Players Championship 3, and the Last 32 of Players Championship 4. He defeated Zoran Lerchbacher and Christian Kist to set up a tie with the world champion Michael van Gerwen in the Last 32. O'Connor beat van Gerwen superbly 6–4, but lost to Ritchie Edhouse in the following round. In Players Championship 4 the next day, he dispatched of Jermaine Wattimena and Mick Todd, but was beaten by Mensur Suljović in the Last 32.

O'Connor had a couple of bad months, with his best result being a Last 32 in Players Championship 12, where he defeated Ronnie Baxter and Paul Harvey before a 6–5 loss to Steve Lennon. He once again teamed up with Mick McGowan at the World Cup of Darts.

O'Connor reached his first PDC final at the 2018 European Darts Matchplay, losing to Michael van Gerwen by a scoreline of 8–2. He then won a first PDC title at Players Championship 13 on 30 April 2019, beating Nathan Aspinall 8–4 in the final.

In June 2019, O'Connor alongside Steve Lennon made it all the way to the final of the 2019 PDC World Cup of Darts where they eventually lost to Scotland 3–1.

In the 2020 PDC World Championships, O'Connor made an apparent calculation blunder in losing his second round match against Gerwyn Price.

O'Connor was selected as a 'challenger' for the 2020 Premier League night in Dublin, Ireland.

In March 2022, O'Connor reached the semi-finals of the 2022 UK Open, recording wins over Connor Scutt, Stephen Bunting, Sebastian Białecki and recent world champion Peter Wright before losing 9-11 to eventual champion Danny Noppert.  O'Connor was again joined by Steve Lennon for the World Cup of Darts, beating Canada 5-2 in the first round before losing 2-0 to the Netherlands. In September 2022, O'Connor reached his second European Tour final, losing 8-3 to Joe Cullen in the 2022 Hungarian Darts Trophy, after beating the likes of Nathan Aspinall, Michael Smith and Dimitri Van den Bergh in earlier rounds. He won his opening game at the World Championship with an impressive 3-0 win over Women's Tour winner Beau Greaves, O'Connor exited the tournament in the next round losing to Germany's Gabriel Clemens.

O'Connor was joined by a new playing partner for the Republic of Ireland for the 2023 PDC World Cup of Darts with Keane Barry replacing Steve Lennon.

World Championship results

PDC
 2018: First round (lost to Steve Beaton 1–3)
 2019: Third round (lost to Ryan Searle 1–4)
 2020: Second round (lost to Gerwyn Price 2–3)
 2021: Second round (lost to Daryl Gurney 2–3)
 2022: Third round (lost to Michael Smith 2–4)
 2023: Second round (lost to Gabriel Clemens 0–3)

Career finals

PDC team finals: 1 (1 runner-up)

Performance timeline

PDC European Tour

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Irish darts players
Professional Darts Corporation current tour card holders
PDC ranking title winners
PDC World Cup of Darts Irish team

William O'Connor (darts player)


Charles the Younger or Charles of Ingelheim (c. 772 – 4 December 811) was a member of the Carolingian dynasty, the second son of Charlemagne and the first by his second wife, Hildegard of Swabia and brother of Louis the Pious and Pepin Carloman.  When Charlemagne divided his empire among his sons, his son Charles was designated King of the Franks.

Life
His eldest half-brother, Pippin the Hunchback, had been sent to the monastery of Prüm in 792 after having been involved in a rebellion against their father, Charlemagne. Of his younger brothers, Carloman (renamed Pippin) and Louis the Pious, were appointed sub-kings of Italy and Aquitaine.

Charles was mostly preoccupied with the Bretons, whose border he shared and who rebelled on at least two occasions and were easily put down, but he was also sent against the Saxons on multiple occasions. Charles' father outlived him, however, and the entire kingdom thus went to his younger brother Louis the Pious, Pippin also having died.

Around 789, it was suggested by Charlemagne that Charles the Younger should be married to Offa's daughter Ælfflæd. Offa insisted that the marriage could only go ahead if Charlemagne's daughter Bertha was married to Offa's son Ecgfrith. Charlemagne took offence, broke off contact, and closed his ports to English traders. Eventually, normal relations were reestablished and the ports were reopened. Just a few years later, in 796, Charlemagne and Offa concluded the first commercial treaty known in English history.

His father associated Charles in the government of Francia and Saxony in 790, and installed him as ruler of the ducatus Cenomannicus (corresponding to the later Duchy of Maine) with the title of king. Charles was crowned King of the Franks at Rome 25 December, 800, the same day his father was crowned Emperor.

He killed Sorbian duke Miliduch and Slavic Knez, Nussito (Nessyta) near modern-day Weißenfels in a Frankish campaign in 806.

On 4 December 811, in Bavaria, Charles had a stroke and died. He left no children. In the Matter of France, Charles is fictionalized as Charlot.

References

Monarchs of the Carolingian Empire
Frankish warriors
Children of Charlemagne
770s births
811 deaths
Dukes of Maine
8th-century Frankish nobility
Carolingian dynasty
Sons of emperors

Charles the Younger


The Gully Jumpers were an American Old-time string band originally consisting of bandleader Paul Warmack (1889–1954) on mandolin, Charles Arrington (1893-1960) on fiddle, Burt Hutcherson (1893–1980) on guitar, and William Roy Hardison (1896–1966) on banjo.  They were regular performers on the Grand Ole Opry in the late 1920s and are believed to have been the first group to release a record recorded in Nashville, Tennessee.  Although their line-up changed over the years, the Gully Jumpers continued performing until the mid-1960s.

Warmack, the bandleader (the band was initially known as "Paul Warmack and His Gully Jumpers"), was born in Whites Creek in 1889 and was working as an automobile mechanic in Goodlettesville when he formed the Gully Jumpers around 1927.  The band's name was suggested by Opry founder George D. Hay, who often gave the Opry's early string bands more colorful, rural-sounding names.  In 1928, the Gully Jumpers were one of the Opry's most consistent acts, appearing on the show more times than any other group.  That same year, they released the first record recorded in Nashville, which contained two tracks entitled "The Tennessee Waltz" (not to be confused with the more famous Pee Wee King song) and "Little Red Caboose Behind the Train."  In October 1928, they recorded "Stone Rag", which was written by Humphrey Bate and His Possum Hunters fiddler Oscar Stone, and a tune entitled "Robertson County."

In spite of the losses of Warmack and Arrington, the Gully Jumpers continued performing on the Opry into the 1960s.  Fellow Opry pioneers such as Sid Harkreader and Kirk McGee often stepped in to play fiddle for the band in place of Arrington.  Hutcherson, who was the last surviving original member of the band when he died in 1980, was a pioneer of the finger-picked guitar style, and was cited as a key influence by long-time Opry guitarist Sam McGee and early Country music star "Mother Maybelle" Carter.

Discography

Nashville - The Early String Bands, Vol. 1 (County, 2000) — contains the tracks "Robertson County" and "Stone Rag"

References

External links
Grand Ole Opry — Timeline
Juneberry78s.com Sampler — mp3 of the Gully Jumpers' "Robertson County"

Musical groups from Nashville, Tennessee
Old-time bands
Old-time musicians
Grand Ole Opry members

The Gully Jumpers


HMT Svana (FY 1707) was a minesweeper whaler of the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

She was originally built for the South Georgia Co. Ltd. by Smiths Dock Co., Ltd. (South Bank-on-Tees, U.K.) and operated by Christian Salvesen & Co., Leith, UK. She was launched on 30 July 1930 with a displacement of 268 tons. She was taken over by the Admiralty in April 1940 and assigned to the Royal Naval Patrol Service. Under the command of Lt. John McDonald Ruttan, DSC, RCNVR she was bombed and sunk off Alexandria, Egypt on 8 April 1942.

Notes and references

Anti-submarine trawlers of the Royal Navy
World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Ships sunk by Italian aircraft
1930 ships
Maritime incidents in April 1942
Whaling ships

HMT Svana


Re-Focus is a 1972 compilation album of songs by the Monkees, released on Bell Records, the successor to Colgems Records, the Monkees' original record label.

The band had quit, one by one, over 1969 and 1970, but their television series continued to air on CBS-TV on Saturday mornings (moving to ABC in 1972). Re-Focus replaces Colgems' previous three "best-of" collections, namely Greatest Hits, Golden Hits and Barrel Full of Monkees.

Re-Focus was repackaged and reissued a number of times in various territories. Each release featured the same track listing but with different packaging and artwork, usually under the title The Best of the Monkees or simply The Monkees (not to be confused with their debut album of the same name). In 1973, Polydor in the Netherlands issued the album as Superstarshine Vol. 29, and in 1979, Arista in Japan issued the album as The Best, with three additional tracks: "Star Collector," "Valleri" and "Words."

In 1976, following Bell Records' evolution into Arista Records, the track listing of Re-Focus was repackaged yet again for the US, yielding the successful compilation The Monkees Greatest Hits.

Track listing

Side 1

Side 2

References

The Monkees compilation albums
1972 greatest hits albums

Re-Focus (album)


The Documentary Film Movement is the group of British filmmakers, led by John Grierson, who were influential in British film culture in the 1930s and 1940s.

Principles
The founding principles of the movement were based on Grierson's views of documentary film. He wished to use film to educate citizens in an understanding of democratic society.

History
The movement began at the Film Unit of the Empire Marketing Board in 1930. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. In 1933, the film unit was transferred to the General Post Office.

From 1936, the movement began to disperse and divisions emerged. Whereas previously the documentary film movement had been located in a single public sector organisation, it separated in the late 1930s into different branches, as filmmakers explored other possibilities for developing documentary film. By 1937, the movement was spread across four different production units: GPO, Shell (headed by Anstey), Strand (headed by Rotha) and Realist (led by Wright).

In 1939, Grierson left Britain to work with the National Film Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945. In 1940, the GPO Film Unit was transferred to the Ministry of Information and renamed the Crown Film Unit.

See also
Documentary News Letter

Further reading
Aitken, Ian (ed.), The Documentary Film Movement: An Anthology (Edinburgh, 1998)
Aitken, Ian, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement
Fox, Jo, 'John Grierson, his "documentary boys" and the British Ministry of Information', Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, 25 (2005), pp. 345–369
Hood, Stuart, 'John Grierson and the documentary film movement', in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds.), British Cinema History
Sussex, Elizabeth, The Rise and Fall of British Documentary: The Story of the Film Movement Founded by John Grierson
Swann, Paul, The British Documentary Film Movement, 1926-1946

External links
BFI Screenonline: Documentary

Movements in cinema
Documentary film organizations

Documentary Film Movement


The Kingdom of Iceland (Icelandic: Konungsríkið Ísland; Danish: Kongeriget Island) was a constitutional monarchy that had a personal union with Denmark. The kingdom was created on 1 December 1918. It lasted until 17 June 1944 when a national referendum created the Republic of Iceland.

The Act of Union, signed on 1 December 1918, allowed Iceland to create its own flag, declared its neutrality and asked Denmark to help with its foreign affairs and defense interests.

The Nazi German occupation of Denmark in the early-1940s broke off their communications. As a result, the Althing named themselves the head of state and said that Iceland would no longer need Denmark's help. The island was later occupied by British and American forces. This lasted until World War II ended.

The monarchy held an constitutional referendum from 20 and 23 May 1944. The option to establish a new republican constitution won with 98.5% of the vote. Christian X of Denmark sent a message of congratulations to the Icelandic people.

References

1918 establishments in Europe
1944 disestablishments
Former monarchies of Europe

Kingdom of Iceland


Telindus was a legal entity based in Belgium that offered ICT services and solutions to the corporate and public sector, both in Belgium and internationally. These solutions also contained management and support services in relation to their ICT contracts.

Telindus was founded by John Cordier in 1969. Based in Heverlee, which is a part of Leuven, it was listed on the stock market in 1985 and grew in Europe by taking over various companies. In 2005, it achieved a turnover of €618 million, had 2,750 employees, and was present in 6 western European countries.

In January 2006 Belgium's largest telecommunications provider Belgacom Group, today named Proximus Group acquired Telindus for it to become its IT services subsidiary. Telindus continued to operate under the brand name Telindus - Proximus ICT. On January 4, 2010 the existence of Telindus as a legal entity ended as it was then fully absorbed into the Proximus Group. The Group retains Telindus as a brand name.

Company history
1969 Start of the Group's activities. John Cordier is appointed Director.
1979 The first foreign subsidiary is opened in Luxembourg. New subsidiaries are soon established in France, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
1985 Telindus is listed on the Stock Exchange.
1996 Infrastructure and security service capabilities for various operators are further developed in the late 1990s.
2001 Telindus begins to acquire companies across Europe.
2006 Telindus is taken over by the Belgacom Group, today named Proximus Group but retains its brand, corporate identity, and autonomy. Belgacom's Network & System Integration department is incorporated into Telindus.
2008 Belgacom today named Proximus narrows Telindus country focus: Belgacom is reducing the number of country offices at its ICT services unit Telindus. The company will maintain offices in Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, the UK, Ireland and Spain, but eight other country organisations (Germany, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, Sweden, Thailand, China) where the units are too small or making losses.
2010 On January 4, 2010, Belgacom, today named Proximus ends the existence of Telindus as a legal entity and absorbs all of its operations into those of the Group.
2011 Belgacom, today named Proximus  divests Telindus Ireland and Telindus Spain to Agile Networks and Acuntia respectively leaving 5 country organisations.
2014 Belgacom, today named Proximus  enters negotiations with Vivendi to sell its stake in Telindus France.
2015 Proximus signed an agreement on 3 December 2015 to purchase all the other shares in Telindus Luxembourg.  As a result, Proximus will own 100% of the share capital of Telindus Luxembourg.

References

ICT service providers
Telecommunications companies of Belgium
Telecommunications companies established in 1969
Belgian brands
Proximus Group

Telindus


Henry VI "the Younger" of Brunswick ( – 16 or 26 April 1214), of the House of Welf, was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1212 to 1214.

Henry was born around 1196, the only son of Count Palatine Henry V and Agnes, daughter of Conrad, Count Palatine of the Rhine.  In 1212 he was married to Mathilde of Brabant (died 1267), daughter of Henry I, Duke of Lower Lorraine and Brabant.

Henry was raised at the court of his great-uncle, King John of England, and returned to Germany in 1211/1212.  On political grounds, Henry's father abdicated the Palatine dignity in his favor in 1212.

At the court assembly in November 1212 in Aachen, Henry took the side of his uncle Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor. He was presumably engaged to Mathilde of Brabant about the same time. Shortly thereafter he took sides against the party of Otto IV on behalf of Frederick II.

Henry died childless on the 16th or 26 April 1214.  He was buried in Schönau Abbey near Heidelberg.  He was succeeded as Count Palatine by the Duke Louis I of Bavaria, father of his brother-in-law Otto of Bavaria.

1196 births
1214 deaths
House of Welf
Counts Palatine of the Rhine
Burials at Schönau Abbey

Henry VI, Count Palatine of the Rhine


Tomorrow  is a temporal construct of the relative future; literally of the day after the current day (today), or figuratively of future periods or times.  Tomorrow is usually considered just beyond the present and counter to yesterday. It is important in time perception because it is the first direction the arrow of time takes humans on Earth.

Philosophy
The use of terms such as tomorrow, now and future are part an a-series view which is part of the presentism philosophy of time.

Learning and language
For a young child, "tomorrow" is "an undefined, infinite time of the idea that time is just an infinite and arbitrary definition of an yet unidentified of what we like to call time, yet the child slowly learns the meaning of tomorrow." The concept of "tomorrow" is rarely understood by 3-year-old children, but 4-year-olds understand the idea.

References

Future
Days

Tomorrow (time)


Bernard McNulty (also known as Bernard Nulty) (1842–1892) was an Irish-American literary figure and U.S.-based Irish nationalist, who was a friend and political associate of the Irish-American poet, Irish nationalist and journalist John Boyle O'Reilly. McNulty wrote for the New York Celtic Monthly and founded the first branch of the Irish nationalist Fenian in New York. McNulty wrote the Irish nationalist poem The Patriot Chief. McNulty's 1880 volume of bound verse The Patriot Chief and Other Poems, which was originally published by the Celtic Monthly Publishing Company while McNulty was resident in Newark, N.J., U.S.A. and which O'Donoghue notes "was well praised by some critics", is still in print. The Patriot Chief and Other Poems is housed in major historical collections on two continents, including at Harvard College, Brown University, the National Library of Ireland, the New York Historical Society Library, the New York Public Library, the Buffalo and Erie Public Library and has been digitized.

References

External links

1842 births
1892 deaths
Irish emigrants to the United States
Irish male poets
Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
19th-century American poets
American male poets
19th-century American male writers
19th-century Irish poets

Bernard McNulty


James Beck Gordon (July 14, 1945 – March 13, 2023) was an American musician, songwriter, and convicted murderer. Gordon was a session drummer in the late 1960s and 1970s and was the drummer in the blues rock supergroup Derek and the Dominos.

In 1983, in a psychotic episode associated with undiagnosed schizophrenia, Gordon murdered his mother and was sentenced to 16 years to life in prison, remaining incarcerated until his death in 2023.

Music career
Gordon was raised in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles and attended Grant High School.  He passed up a music scholarship to UCLA in order to begin his professional career in 1963, at age 17, backing the Everly Brothers. He went on to become one of the most sought-after recording session drummers in Los Angeles. The protégé of studio drummer Hal Blaine, Gordon performed on many notable recordings in the 1960s, including Pet Sounds, by the Beach Boys (1966); The Spirit of '67, by Paul Revere & The Raiders; Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers, by Gene Clark (1967); The Notorious Byrd Brothers, by the Byrds (1968); and the hit "Classical Gas", by Mason Williams (1968). At the height of his career Gordon was reportedly so busy as a studio musician that he flew back to Los Angeles from Las Vegas every day to do two or three recording sessions and then returned in time to play the evening show at Caesars Palace.

In 1969 and 1970 Gordon toured as part of the backing band for Delaney & Bonnie, which at the time included Eric Clapton. Clapton subsequently took over the group's rhythm section — Gordon (drummer), Carl Radle (bassist), Bobby Whitlock (keyboardist, singer, songwriter) — and they formed a new band, later called Derek and the Dominos. The band's first studio work was as the house band for George Harrison's three-disc set All Things Must Pass (1970).

Gordon then played on Derek and the Dominos' 1970 double album, Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs and also played with the band on subsequent U.S. and UK tours. The group split in spring 1971 before they finished recording their second album. In addition to his drumming, Gordon was credited with contributing the elegiac piano coda for the title track, "Layla". In later years, Whitlock claimed that the coda was not actually written by Gordon: "Jim took that piano melody from his ex-girlfriend Rita Coolidge. I know because in the D&B days I lived in John Garfield's old house in the Hollywood Hills and there was a guest house with an upright piano in it. Rita and Jim were up there in the guest house and invited me to join in on writing this song with them called "Time". (Her sister Priscilla wound up recording it with Booker T. Jones) Jim took the melody from Rita's song and didn't give her credit for writing it. Her boyfriend ripped her off". Graham Nash (who later dated Coolidge) substantiated Whitlock's claim in his memoir. "Time" was not released by Priscilla Coolidge and Booker T. until 1973, on their album Chronicles.

In 1970 Gordon was part of Joe Cocker's Mad Dogs & Englishmen tour and played on Dave Mason's album Alone Together. In 1971, he toured with Traffic and appeared on two of their albums, including The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys. That same year he played on Harry Nilsson's album Nilsson Schmilsson, contributing the drum solo on the track "Jump into the Fire".

Gordon was the drummer on the Incredible Bongo Band's album Bongo Rock, released in 1972, and his drum break on the LP version of "Apache" has been frequently sampled by rap music artists. He recorded with Frank Zappa, including on the title track of the 1974 album Apostrophe ('). Also in 1972, Gordon played drums on Helen Reddy's Top 20 US album I Am Woman.

In 1973 Gordon played on Johnny Rivers' Blue Suede Shoes as well as on Art Garfunkel's Angel Clare albums, and toured with Rivers through 1974 appearing on the Last Boogie in Paris live album. Also in 1974, Gordon played on most of the tracks on Steely Dan's album Pretzel Logic, including the single "Rikki Don't Lose That Number". He again worked with Chris Hillman of the Byrds as the drummer in the Souther–Hillman–Furay Band from 1973 to 1975. He also played drums on three tracks on Alice Cooper's 1976 album, Alice Cooper Goes to Hell.

Mental health
Gordon developed schizophrenia and began to hear voices (including his mother's) which compelled him to starve himself and prevented him from sleeping, relaxing or playing drums. His physicians misdiagnosed the problems and instead treated him for alcohol abuse.

While on tour with Joe Cocker in the early 1970s, Gordon reportedly punched his then-girlfriend Rita Coolidge in a hotel hallway, thereby ending their relationship.

Murder of mother, conviction and incarceration
On June 3, 1983, Gordon attacked his 71-year-old widowed mother, Osa Marie (Beck) Gordon, with a hammer, then fatally stabbed her with a butcher knife, claiming that a voice told him to kill her.

Only after his arrest for murder was Gordon properly diagnosed with schizophrenia. At his trial, the court accepted that he had acute schizophrenia, but he was not allowed to use an insanity defense because of changes to California law arising from the federal Insanity Defense Reform Act.

On July 10, 1984, Gordon was sentenced to 16 years to life in prison. He was first eligible for parole in 1991, but it was denied several times because he never attended a parole hearing.

In 2014, he declined to attend his hearing and was denied parole until at least 2018. A Los Angeles deputy district attorney stated at the hearing that Gordon was still "seriously psychologically incapacitated" and "a danger when he is not taking his medication".

In November 2017, Gordon was rediagnosed with schizophrenia. On March 7, 2018, he was denied parole for the tenth time and was tentatively scheduled to become eligible again in March 2021. At the time of his death in 2023, he was serving his sentence at the California Medical Facility, a medical and psychiatric prison in Vacaville, California.

Death
Gordon died in prison on March 13, 2023, at the age of 77. Two marriages, to singer Renee Armand and dancer Jill Barabe, both ended in divorce. He was survived by his daughter, Amy Gordon, who was born in 1968.

Partial discography
During his career, Gordon played with a long list of musicians and record producers, including:

 Peter Allen: Taught by Experts
 Duane Allman: An Anthology
 Hoyt Axton: My Griffin Is Gone
 Joan Baez: Diamonds & Rust; From Every Stage; Gulf Winds; Blowin' Away
 The Beach Boys: Pet Sounds; Smiley Smile; Friends; 20/20
 The Beau Brummels: Triangle
 Stephen Bishop: Careless
 Cilla Black: It Makes Me Feel Good
 Bread: Bread
 Teresa Brewer: 16 Most Requested Songs
 Jackson Browne: The Pretender
 Jack Bruce: Out of the Storm
 The Byrds: The Notorious Byrd Brothers

 Glen Campbell: "Wichita Lineman"
 The Carpenters: Horizon; A Kind of Hush; Interpretations
 Chad and Jeremy: The Ark
 Cher: Stars
 Eric Clapton: Eric Clapton
 Gene Clark: Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers
 Joe Cocker: Mad Dogs & Englishmen
 Judy Collins: Who Knows Where the Time Goes
 Alice Cooper: Alice Cooper Goes to Hell; Lace and Whiskey
 Crosby, Stills & Nash: Crosby, Stills & Nash
 Burton Cummings: Burton Cummings; Dream of a Child
 Delaney & Bonnie: On Tour with Eric Clapton; D&B Together
 Derek and the Dominos: Layla and Other Assorted Love Songs; In Concert; Live at the Fillmore
 Neil Diamond: Beautiful Noise
 Donovan: Essence to Essence
 Dr. John: The Sun, Moon & Herbs

 The Everly Brothers: Gone Gone Gone; Beat & Soul; Two Yanks in England; Roots; Stories We Could Tell
 Art Garfunkel: Angel Clare; Breakaway
 David Gates: First
 Lowell George: Thanks, I'll Eat It Here
 Merle Haggard: Same Train, a Different Time
 Hall & Oates: Daryl Hall & John Oates; Bigger Than Both of Us
 Albert Hammond: It Never Rains in Southern California; The Free Electric Band; Albert Hammond
 George Harrison: All Things Must Pass; Living in the Material World; Extra Texture (Read All About It)
 Jim Henson: The Muppet Movie
 Richard "Groove" Holmes: Six Million Dollar Man
 John Lee Hooker: Endless Boogie
 Jim Horn: Through the Eyes of a Horn; Jim's Horn
 Thelma Houston: I've Got the Music in Me
 The Hues Corporation: Freedom for the Stallion; Rockin' Soul; Love Corporation; I Caught Your Act
 Incredible Bongo Band: "Apache"; Bongo Rock
 Phil Keaggy: Love Broke Thru; Ph'lip Side
 B.B. King: B.B. King in London
 Carole King: The City
 Cheryl Ladd: Dance Forever
 John Lennon: "Power to the People"
 The Lettermen: Lettermen 1; Spin Away
 Gordon Lightfoot: Sundown; Cold on the Shoulder; Gord's Gold; Summertime Dream
 Nils Lofgren: Cry Tough
 Manhattan Transfer: Coming Out; Pastiche
 Dave Mason: Alone Together
 Country Joe McDonald: Love is a Fire

 Maria Muldaur: Maria Muldaur; Waitress in a Donut Shop
 Elliott Murphy: Elliott Murphy; Lost Generation
 Oliver Nelson: Skull Session
 Tracy Nelson: Time Is on My Side
 Randy Newman: Randy Newman; 12 Songs
 Harry Nilsson: Aerial Ballet; Skidoo (Soundtrack); Harry; Nilsson Schmilsson; Son of Dracula (Soundtrack)
 Goro Noguchi: Goro in Los Angeles, U.S.A.
 Yoko Ono: Fly
 Van Dyke Parks: Song Cycle; Discover America
 Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers; Playback
 Kenny Rankin: Silver Morning
 Redeye: Redeye
 Emitt Rhodes: The American Dream
 Righteous Brothers: Give It to the People
 Minnie Riperton: Adventures in Paradise
 Johnny Rivers: L.A. Reggae; Blue Suede Shoes; Last Boogie in Paris; New Lovers and Old Friends; Wild Night; Outside Help
 Leon Russell: Leon Russell and the Shelter People
 Seals and Crofts: Seals & Crofts; Summer Breeze; Diamond Girl
 John Sebastian: Tarzana Kid
 Louie Shelton: Touch Me
 Judee Sill: Heart Food
 Carly Simon: No Secrets; Hotcakes; Playing Possum

 Tom Snow: Taking It All in Stride; Tom Snow

 The Souther-Hillman-Furay Band: The Souther-Hillman-Furay Band

 Joey Stec: Joey Stec
 Steely Dan: Pretzel Logic; "Here at the Western World"
 B. W. Stevenson: Lead Free; My Maria; Calabasas
 John Stewart: The Phoenix Concerts
 Stone Poneys: "Different Drum"; Evergreen, Volume 2
 Barbra Streisand: Barbra Joan Streisand
 Mariya Takeuchi: Love Songs
 Bob Thiele & His Orchestra: I Saw Pinetop Spit Blood
 Mel Tormé: Right Now!
 Traffic: Welcome to the Canteen; The Low Spark of High Heeled Boys
 John Travolta: John Travolta

 John Valenti: Anything You Want
 Tom Waits: The Heart of Saturday Night
 Tim Weisberg: Hurtwood Edge; Dreamspeaker
 Bobby Whitlock: Bobby Whitlock; Raw Velvet
 Andy Williams
 Mason Williams: "Classical Gas"
 Frank Zappa: Apostrophe ('); Läther; 'Grand Wazoo' (tour) and 'Petit Wazoo' (tour); Imaginary Diseases; Wazoo; Little Dots

References

External links
 Drummerworld - Jim Gordon
 Photo Derek and the Dominos
 Derek and the Dominos
 Friends Remember
 Full List Discography

  Drummers of Steely Dan

1945 births
2023 deaths
American rock drummers
American blues drummers
American session musicians
Delaney & Bonnie & Friends members
Derek and the Dominos members
Plastic Ono Band members
Souther–Hillman–Furay Band members
Traffic (band) members
American people convicted of murder
People with schizophrenia
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by California
Grammy Award winners
Songwriters from California
Warner Music Group artists
People convicted of murder by California
Matricides
The Wrecking Crew (music) members
People from the San Fernando Valley
Hall & Oates members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Grant High School (Los Angeles) alumni

Jim Gordon (musician)


Persoonia oxycoccoides  is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to New South Wales. It is a spreading to prostrate shrub with smooth bark, hairy young branchlets, elliptic to egg-shaped leaves and yellow flowers arranged in groups of up to thirteen along a rachis that continues to grow after flowering.

Description
Persoonia oxycoccoides is a spreading to prostrate shrub that typically grows to a height of  with smooth bark and sparsely to moderately hairy young branchlets. The leaves are elliptic to egg-shaped,  long and  wide. The flowers are arranged in groups of up to thirteen on a rachis up to  long that continues to grow after flowering, each flower on a pedicel  long with a leaf at its base. The tepals are yellow,  long and glabrous. Flowering occurs from December to April.

Taxonomy
Persoonia oxycoccoides was first formally described in 1827 by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel in the 17th edition of Systema Vegetabilium from an unpublished description by Franz Sieber.

Distribution and habitat
This geebung grows in montane heath and in forest between Mittagong, Jamberoo and Tallong in south-eastern New South Wales.

References

oxycoccoides
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1827
Taxa named by Franz Sieber
Taxa named by Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel

Persoonia oxycoccoides


Ursula Caberta y Diaz (born 22 March 1950) is a German politician, former State of Hamburg government official and was the Commissioner for the Scientology Task Force of the Hamburg Interior Authority. She graduated in political economy. According to Deutsche Welle she is considered an expert on the subject of Scientology, and has been observing the organization since 1992.  Her book Schwarzbuch Scientology (The Black Book of Scientology) was published in 2007. Caberta is also an official in Hamburg's authority for interior affairs.

The Hamburg Scientology Task Force (AGS) was founded in 1992, to monitor the activities of Scientology, and educate the public on the activities and objectives of Scientology. Furthermore, the AGS provided advice to people wishing to leave the organization. The Task Force was closed down in 2010 as a result of budget cuts, and its work was continued by the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Caberta continued as a consultant until her retirement in 2013.

Critic of Scientology
In 1995, Caberta took on an active role in controversies related to Scientology in schools in the Danish town of Bjerndrup near the German border. In 1996, Caberta stated in The New York Times that she saw similarities between Germany's prior history with the Third Reich, and the Church of Scientology. In 2000, Scientology filed a criminal complaint (Strafanzeige) against Caberta for alleged bribery after she was accused of receiving a private loan of 75,000 dollars from Bob Minton. The charges were dropped after Caberta paid a 7,500 Euro fine.

In 2007, Caberta was quoted in Der Spiegel as being worried that the Church of Scientology wanted to influence politics in Germany and throughout Europe. Caberta stated that the Church of Scientology aimed to undermine Germany's democracy with a "cynical ideology". In August 2007, along with Udo Nagel, the Hamburg State Interior Minister, Caberta called for a ban on the Scientology organization, but this was rejected by Federal politicians in Berlin. Wolfgang Bosbach, deputy parliamentary group leader of Chancellor Angela Merkel's CDU said that a bid to outlaw Scientology may fail because Germany's domestic intelligence service is unlikely to have gathered enough evidence against it to back court action against the sect. In 2007 Caberta called Tom Cruise an enemy of the constitution, saying that he was inseparable from his Scientology activity, and that to cast a member of a totalitarian organisation in the role of an enemy of the Nazis was inappropriate. When the Task Force was closed down in 2010 as a result of budget cuts, Caberta moved to a position within the Hamburg interior authority, where she continued her work on Scientology until she retired from the role in 2013, frustrated by lack of support from the local government. The Hamburg Office for the Protection of the Constitution continues to investigate and report on Scientology activity and to counsel people wishing to leave the organisation.

See also
 Scientology in Germany

Bibliography
 ("Scientology attacks")
 ("The Black Book of Scientology")
 ("Childhood in Scientology: Forbidden")

References

1950 births
Living people
Politicians from Hamburg
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative politicians
21st-century German women politicians
Critics of Scientology

Ursula Caberta


Autoradio () (105.1 Minsk FM) was the first private radio station in Belarus. It worked from Minsk. The radio station used the frequency 105.1 MHz. It worked from August 7, 1992 to January 12, 2011.

History
From the start of the 1990s to January 1, 1995, Autoradio was heard on the frequency 67.7 OIRT FM. Autoradio used OIRT FM (the International Radio and Television Organisation wave in the air). It was the only open range for people and organizations in Belarus at that time. In 1995, the radio station was cut. It took four years to get back on the air. In 2001, the second wave line was started on the FM frequency 105.1 MHz (Megahertz).

Belarusian music was heard on the radio. Groups N.R.M., Krambambula, Lyapis Trubetskoy, Neuro Dubel, and the best songs from the Tuzin.fm website selection were heard the most. Famous people worked for the radio station, such as Oleg Khomenko, Dzmitryj Wajciuszkiewicz, and Masha Yar.

In September 2009, the Ministry of Information of the Republic of Belarus penciled a punishment for Autoradio for broadcasting the EuroZoom show made together with European Radio for Belarus.

End of broadcasting
At 12:40 on January 12, 2011, the Autoradio's broadcasting document was taken away and the radio station saw its end. The Republican Commission on Television and Radio Broadcasting led by Oleg Proleskovsky took the Autoradio's broadcasting document away after the station broadcast advertisements for candidates Andrei Sannikov and Uladzimir Nyaklyayew. Both were against Alexander Lukashenko in the 2010 presidential elections in Belarus.

Journalist Paulyuk Bykouski said that the Autoradio's advertisements were in agreement with the Central Election Commission of Belarus (the organization that does elections). The court of the first level supported the position of Avtoradio. Its decision was changed later. As a result of the change, Dmitry Alexandrov, judge of the Economic Court of Belarus, who ruled to shut the radio station down, became a person whose EU accounts and moves to the European Union were iced.

The government-run radio station Stalitsa () was given the frequency 105.1 MHz that was taken away from Autoradio. Stalitsa began using it on April 15, 2012.

Yuri Bazan, the person who made Autoradio and was its main editor, died on September 24, 2016.

Thoughts
Music judge Dzmitry Padbiarezski called Autoradio one of his much loved Belarusian FM-stations.

In art
In 2011, the group N.R.M. recorded the song "Autoradio" () in support of the shut down radio station.

Related pages
 Radio 101.2

References

Radio stations in Belarus
Censorship in Belarus

Autoradio


AirMarshal is a web-based authentication server or captive portal for ethernet based networks. Similar technology is in use popularly to control access to many of today's Internet HotSpots. While Air Marshal is sold commercially the software is free to smaller network operators for up to 5 simultaneously logged on users.

Feature Summary
 Network authentication, authorization and accounting are provided via the RADIUS/AAA protocol.
 A variety of network topologies are supported by Air Marshal including Layer 3 routing, NAT and Layer 2 transparent bridging.

Release Chronology
 March 2003 - Version 1 - first commercial release.
 May 2006 - Final maintenance release of the version 1 series.
 August 2007 - Version 2 - released as a free upgrade with more than 30 new features.

External links
Air Marshal homepage

Wireless access points

AirMarshal


The in scale (also known as the Sakura pentatonic scale due to its use in the well-known folk song Sakura Sakura) is, according to a traditional theory, one of two pentatonic scales used in much Japanese music, excluding gagaku and Buddhist chanting. The in scale, which contains minor notes, is used specifically in music for the koto and shamisen and is contrasted with the yo scale, which does not contain minor notes.

More recent theory emphasizes that it is more useful in interpreting Japanese melody to view scales on the basis of "nuclear tones" located a fourth apart and containing notes between them, as in the miyako-bushi scale used in koto and shamisen music and whose pitches are equivalent to the in scale:

In scale in the other musical traditions
In Indian classical music, Gunkali (Hindustani), Raga Salanganata (Indian) and Karnataka Shuddha Saveri (Carnatic) are nearly identical to the pentatonic in scale, highlighting the shared past of their origins. Some rare examples of ancient genres of Andean music (e.g. k'antu) use a scale similar to the in scale combined with melody leading with a parallel fifths and fourths. For example, Machulas Kantu by Bolivia Manta folk group from the album Wiñayataqui.

See also
 Hirajōshi scale
 Japanese mode
 Japanese musical scales

Sources

Further reading
Hewitt, Michael. 2013. Musical Scales of the World. The Note Tree. .

Pentatonic scales
Japanese music
Andean music
Hemitonic scales
Tritonic scales

In scale


Martyn Rady (born 1955) is Masaryk Professor Emeritus of Central European History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), University College London (UCL). He was from 1995 to 2009 Warden of Hughes Parry Hall, an intercollegiate hall of the University of London. He retired from UCL in December 2020. He lives in Stroud in Gloucestershire.

Career

Martyn Rady was educated at Caterham School and Westfield College, University of London, where he read for a BA in History. He went on to do postgraduate work at the University of London and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which he attended as a British Council exchange student. While a teacher at Mill Hill School in the 1980s Rady wrote several books for sixth-formers, including Emperor Charles V (Longman, 1987). He moved to SSEES in 1990, where he had previously completed his PhD, publishing books and articles primarily on the history of Romania and Hungary. His principal academic interest is Hungarian legal history and the translation of medieval Latin texts. In retirement, he has published books aimed at the popular market, The Habsburgs: The Rise and Fall of a World Power (2020) and The Middle Kingdoms: A New History of Central Europe (2023). From 1998 to 2020 he was General Editor of The Slavonic and East European Review. In 2004 he was made an Honorary Life Member of the Modern Humanities Research Association. He was appointed Professor of Central European History in 2004 and awarded the established Masaryk Chair in 2015. He holds honorary doctorates from the Károli Gaspar University in Budapest and the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu in Romania.

As of 2023, Rady is writing a history of Central Europe, provisionally entitled From the Rhine to the Carpathians.

Publications

Rady's publications include:

Medieval Buda: A Study of Municipal Government and Jurisdiction in the Kingdom of Hungary (East European Monographs, 1985).
Emperor Charles V (Longman, 1988) Seminar Studies in History
Romania in Turmoil: A Contemporary History (IB Tauris, 1992)
(ed. with Peter J.S. Duncan) Towards a New Community: Culture and Politics in Post- Totalitarian Europe (SSEES and LitVerlag, 1993)
(joint author) Cultural Atlas of the Renaissance (Prentice-Hall/Time-Life, 1993)
Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary (Palgrave, 2000)
 Customary Law in Hungary: Courts, Texts, and the Tripartitum (OUP, 2015)
(ed. with László Péter and P. Sherwood) 'Lajos Kossuth Sent Word...' Papers delivered on the occasion of the bicentenary of Kossuth's Birth (SSEES, 2003)
(ed.) Custom and Law in Central Europe (Cambridge Centre for European Law, 2003)
(ed. with László Péter) British-Hungarian Relations Since 1848 (SSEES, 2004)
(ed. & trans with J. Bak and P. Banyo): Werbőczy, The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary: A Work in Three Parts (the Tripartitum) (CEU and Schlacks, Budapest and Idyllwild, 2005)
(ed. with László Péter): Resistance, Rebellion and Revolution in Hungary and Central Europe: Commemorating 1956 (London, 2008)
 The Habsburgs: The Rise and Fall of a World Power (Allen Lane, 2020; also published by Basic Books as The Habsburgs: To Rule the World)
 The Middle Kingdoms: A New History of Central Europe (Allen Lane and Basic Books, 2023)

References

Academics of the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
English historians
Historians of Europe
British legal scholars
Living people
1955 births

Martyn Rady


A blockade runner is usually a lighter-weight ship used for slipping past a naval blockade of a port or strait. This is not the same as ships used to challenge the blocking ships to break the blockade. Very often blockade running is done in order to bring food or arms to a blockaded city. In other cases the blockade runners would carry mail in an attempt to communicate with the outside world. Carrying trade goods from blockaded ports is another function.

Operations
Blockade runners are often the fastest ships available. They are usually lightly armed and armored. Their operations are quite risky since blockading fleets would not hesitate to fire on them. However, the potential profits (economically or militarily) from a successful blockade run are tremendous. Blockade-runners typically had excellent crews. Although similar to smugglers, blockade-runners are often operated by state's navies as part of the regular naval fleet. Notable users of blockade runners include the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War and Germany during both World War One and World War Two.

In history

 Peloponnesian War: there were numerous blockades. Leon of Salamis sent blockade runners to get reinforcements from Athens.
 Punic Wars: the Carthaginian Empire attempted to get around Roman blockades of its ports. Blockade runners brought in supplies, but eventually the Romans won out.
 American Civil War: during the early war the Confederate States of America had many successful blockade runners. By the time Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox blockade running could not make a difference and passed into history.

References

Other websites
 The Blockade Runners
 Civil War Cat-and-Mouse Game

Ship types

Blockade runner


Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18  July 1817) was an English novelist. She wrote many books of romantic fiction about the gentry. Her works made her one of the most famous and beloved writers in English literature. She is one of the great masters of the English novel.

Austen's works criticized sentimental novels in the late 18th century, and are part of the change to nineteenth-century realism. She wrote about typical people in everyday life. This gave the English novel its first distinctly modern character. Austen's stories are often comic, but they also show how women depended on marriage for social standing and economic security. Her works are also about moral problems.

Jane Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon, near Basingstoke. Educated mostly by her father and older brothers, and also by her own reading, she lived with her family at Steventon. They moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. After he died in 1805, she moved around with her mother. In 1809, they settled in Chawton, near Alton, Hampshire. In May 1817 she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor. She died there on 18 July 1817.

Jane Austen was very modest about her own genius. She once famously described her work as "the little bit (two Inches wide) of Ivory, on which I work with so fine a brush, as produces little effect after much labor". When she was a girl she wrote stories. Her works were printed only after much revision. Only four of her novels were printed while she was alive. They were Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815). Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were printed in 1817 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen. Persuasion was written shortly before her death. She also wrote two earlier works, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watsons. She had been working on a new novel, Sanditon, but she died before she could finish it. She is now a well known great writer.

Biography
Biographical facts about Jane Austen are "famously scarce" (few). Only a few letters remain (it is estimated that only 160 out of Austen's 3,000 letters survive). Her sister Cassandra (to whom most of the letters were written) burned "the greater part" of the ones she kept. The letters she did not destroy she censored. Other letters were destroyed by the heirs of Admiral Francis Austen, Jane's brother. Most of the biographies written about her for 50 years after she died was by her relatives, who often described her as "good quiet Aunt Jane". Scholars have not been able to find much information after that.

Family

Austen's parents, George Austen (1731–1805), and his wife, Cassandra (1739–1827), were both part of the gentry. Cassandra was a part of the important Leigh family. George Austen, however, was of a lower class of society. He had first met Cassandra at Oxford, while she was meeting her uncle Theophilus. George and Cassandra married on 26 April 1764 at Walcot Church in Bath.

Austen had a large family. She had six brothers—James (1765–1819), George (1766–1838), Edward (1767–1852), Henry Thomas (1771–1850), Francis William (Frank) (1774–1865), Charles John (1779–1852)—and one sister, Cassandra Elizabeth (1773–1845), who died without marrying. Jane deeply loved Cassandra, and they were both best friends. Of her brothers, Austen was most close to Henry, who helped spread and influence her writing. "Oh, what a Henry!" she once wrote. George was almost ten years older than Jane. He suffered from fits and was not able to develop normally. His father wrote of him, "We have this comfort, he cannot be a bad or a wicked child". He may also have been deaf and mute. Jane knew sign language (she mentioned talking "with my fingers" in a letter) and could have communicated with him. Charles and Frank served in the navy. Edward was adopted by his fourth cousin, Thomas Knight. He became "Edward Knight" instead of Edward Austen in 1812.

Early life and education
Austen was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon rectory. She was christened at home and then, as the Book of Common Prayer directs, brought to church for the baptism to be certified in public on 5 April 1776. A few months after she was born, her mother hired a woman named Elizabeth Littlewood to nurse her. Littlewood took care of Austen for about a year. According to family tradition, Jane and Cassandra were sent to Oxford to be educated by Mrs. Ann Crawley in 1783. They moved with her to Southampton later in the year. Both girls caught typhus and Jane almost died. After that, Austen was educated at home until she went to boarding school with Cassandra early in 1785. She learned some French, spelling, needlework, dancing,music, and probably drama. In the winter of 1786, Jane and Cassandra went back home.

Austen also learned much by reading books. Her father and brothers helped choose the books she read. George Austen seemed to have let his daughters read the books in his large library freely. He also allowed Austen's experiments in writing, and gave her costly paper and other writing materials.

Jane Austen and her family also enjoyed acting out plays privately. Most of the plays were comedies. This might have been a way for Austen's comedic and satirical talents to develop.

Early writings

Perhaps from as early as 1787, Austen began writing poems, short stories, and plays for fun. Austen later put together "fair copies" of 29 of these early works into three notebooks. They are now called the Juvenilia. It has pieces which were first written down between 1787 and 1793. Jane Austen had arranged her writing during this time into three volumes, namely Volume the First, Volume the Second and Volume the Third. There is some proof that Austen continued to work on these pieces later in life. Her nephew and niece, James Edward and Anna Austen, may have made further additions to her work in around 1814. In these works were included Love and Friendship  which was completed in 1790 and Lesley Castle which was completed in 1792. In Love and Friendship, she laughed at popular sentimental novels. She also wrote The History of England, which had 13 watercolour pictures by her sister Cassandra inside it.

Death
Jane Austen started to feel increasingly unwell during 1816, which was the year when her novel 'Persuasion' was published. On 24 May 1817, she moved to Winchester in search for a cure to her illness. She died on 18 July 1817, aged 41. Although there is no conclusive evidence to prove the cause of her death, it seems likely that it was Addison's disease that killed her. She was buried in Winchester Cathedral on 24 July 1817.

Related pages
 Reception history of Jane Austen

References

Bibliography
Primary works

 Austen, Jane. Catharine and Other Writings. Ed. Margaret Anne Doody and Douglas Murray. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. .
 Austen, Jane. The History of England. Ed. David Starkey. Icon Books, HarperCollins Publishers, 2006. .
 Le Faye, Deirdre, ed. Jane Austen's Letters. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. .

Secondary works

Biographies

 Austen, Henry Thomas. "Biographical Notice of the Author". Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. London: John Murray, 1817.
 Austen-Leigh, James Edward. A Memoir of Jane Austen. 1926. Ed. R. W. Chapman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
 Austen-Leigh, William and Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh. Jane Austen: Her Life and Letters, A Family Record. London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1913.
 Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen: A Literary Life. London: Macmillan, 1991. .
 Honan, Park. Jane Austen: A Life. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1987. .
 Le Faye, Deirdre. Jane Austen: A Family Record. Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. .
 Nokes, David. Jane Austen: A Life. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. .
 Tomalin, Claire. Jane Austen: A Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. .

Essay collections

 Alexander, Christine and Juliet McMaster, eds. The Child Writer from Austen to Woolf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. .
 Copeland, Edward and Juliet McMaster, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. .
 Grey, J. David, ed. The Jane Austen Companion. New York: Macmillan, 1986. .
 Lynch, Deidre, ed. Janeites: Austen's Disciples and Devotees. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. .
 Southam, B. C., ed. Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1812–1870. Vol. 1. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968. .
 Southam, B. C., ed. Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage, 1870–1940. Vol. 2. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1987. .
 Todd, Janet, ed. Jane Austen in Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. .
 Watt, Ian, ed. Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1963. .

Monographs and articles

 Armstrong, Nancy. Desire and Domestic Fiction. London: Oxford University Press, 1987. .
 Butler, Marilyn. Jane Austen and the War of Ideas. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. .
 Byrne, Paula. Jane Austen and the Theatre. London and New York: Continuum, 2002. .
 Collins, Irene. Jane Austen and the Clergy. London: The Hambledon Press, 1994. .
 Devlin, D.D. Jane Austen and Education. London: Macmillan, 1975. .
 Duckworth, Alistair M. The Improvement of the Estate: A Study of Jane Austen's Novels. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971. .
 Fergus, Jan. Jane Austen and the Didactic Novel. Totowa: Barnes & Noble, 1983. .
 Ferguson, Moira. "Mansfield Park, Slavery, Colonialism, and Gender". Oxford Literary Review 13 (1991): 118–39.
 Galperin, William. The Historical Austen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. .
 Gay, Penny. Jane Austen and the Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. .
 Gubar, Susan and Sandra Gilbert. The Madwoman in the Attic: the Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination. 1979. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. .
 Harding, D.W., "Regulated Hatred: An Aspect of the Work of Jane Austen". Jane Austen: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Ian Watt. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
 Jenkyns, Richard. A Fine Brush on Ivory: An Appreciation of Jane Austen. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. .
 Johnson, Claudia L. Jane Austen: Women, Politics and the Novel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. .
 Kirkham, Margaret. Jane Austen, Feminism and Fiction. Brighton: Harvester, 1983. .
 Koppel, Gene. The Religious Dimension in Jane Austen's Novels. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1988.
 Lascelles, Mary. Jane Austen and Her Art. Original publication 1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
 Leavis, F.R. The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad. London: Chatto & Windus, 1960.
 Litz, A. Walton. Jane Austen: A Study of Her Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
 Lynch, Deidre. The Economy of Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. .
 MacDonagh, Oliver. Jane Austen: Real and Imagined Worlds. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991. .
 Miller, D. A. Jane Austen, or The Secret of Style. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. .
 Mudrick, Marvin. Jane Austen: Irony as Defense and Discovery. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952.
 Page, Norman. The Language of Jane Austen. Oxford: Blackwell, 1972. .
 Poovey, Mary. The Proper Lady and the Woman Writer: Ideology as Style in the Works of Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, and Jane Austen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984. .
 Raven, James. The Business of Books: Booksellers and the English Book Trade. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. .
 Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage Books, 1993. .
 Todd, Janet. The Cambridge Introduction to Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. .
 Waldron, Mary. Jane Austen and the Fiction of Her Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. .
 Wiltshire, John. Recreating Jane Austen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. .
 Wiltshire, John. Jane Austen and the Body: The Picture of Health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. .

Other websites

Online works

1775 births
1817 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Hampshire
English novelists

Writers from Hampshire

Jane Austen


William Louis of Anhalt-Harzgerode (Harzgerode, 18 August 1643 – Harzgerode, 14 October 1709), was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the last ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Harzgerode.

He was the eldest child and only son of Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode, by his first wife Johanna Elisabeth, daughter of John Louis, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar.

Life
William Louis succeeded his father in Harzgerode when he died in 1670. From 1660 until 1668, he was the second in line to the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg, until the birth of the first son of his cousin, Prince Victor Amadeus.

Marriages
In Laubach on 25 July 1671, William Louis married Elisabeth Juliane (b. Kassel, 6 March 1631 – d. Harzgerode, 2 January 1693), daughter of Albert Otto II, Count of Solms-Laubach. She was fourteen years his senior, and perhaps for this reason the union was childless.

In Frederiksborg near Copenhagen on 20 October 1695 William Louis married for a second time to Sophie Auguste (b. Dillenburg, 28 April 1666 – d. Usingen, 14 January 1733), daughter of Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg. This union was also childless, in spite the fact that Sophie Auguste was twenty-three years younger than William Louis.

Without any issue from his marriage, Anhalt-Harzgerode was merged back to the main line of Anhalt-Bernburg on his death, ruled at that time by his cousin Victor Amadeus.

1643 births
1709 deaths
People from Harzgerode
People from Anhalt-Harzgerode
House of Ascania
Princes of Anhalt-Harzgerode

William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode


Volker Banfield (born 9 May 1944, Oberaudorf, Bavaria) is a German classical pianist.

He studied at the Nordwestdeutsche Musikakademie in Detmold, beginning at age 14. Afterward he moved to the United States and studied at the Juilliard School (with Adele Marcus) and at the University of Texas (with Leonard Shure). He then returned to live in Germany and toured extensively. His repertory emphasized late 19th century and 20th century music featuring works by Bartók, Debussy, Messiaen, Prokofiev, Rachmaninoff, and Scriabin. The contemporary composers György Ligeti and Detlev Müller-Siemens have dedicated works to him. He has also become identified with the works of Schumann. He held a professorship at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg until 2009.

He recorded four CDs for Wergo, and additional albums for CPO, including a performance of Ferruccio Busoni's Piano Concerto together with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra which was awarded a Diapason d'Or, and the world-premiere recording of Hans Pfitzner's Piano Concerto.

References

1944 births
Living people
German classical pianists
Male classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century male musicians

Volker Banfield


was a Japanese architect who designed the original buildings for the Imperial Nara Museum as well as the Kyoto Imperial Museum and was significant in introducing Western, particularly French architecture into Japan.

Coming from Chōshū, Tōkuma was a protégé of Yamagata Aritomo. In 1879 he graduated from the Imperial College of Engineering. During his late twenties and early thirties he assisted Josiah Conder in designing and building a Western-style residence for Prince Arisugawa Taruhito and then on the new Imperial Palace in Tokyo. During the 1880 he was sent to Europe and America to study interior decoration, including furniture. In 1887 he was appointed as an officer in the construction office of the Imperial Household.

Buildings
 1894 Nara Imperial Museum, now the Nara National Museum
 1895 Kyoto Imperial Museum, now the Kyoto National Museum
 1905 Museum of Agriculture (神宮農業館), Ise, Mie Prefecture, (constructed  (1891–1905)
 1909 Tōgu Palace, now Akasaka Palace (constructed 1899–1909)

Notes

Gallery

19th-century Japanese architects
People from Saga Prefecture
1854 births
1917 deaths
20th-century Japanese architects

Katayama Tōkuma


Paul Victor Jules Signac ( , ; 11 November 1863 – 15 August 1935) was a French Neo-Impressionist painter who, with Georges Seurat, helped develop the artistic technique Pointillism.

Biography
Paul Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863. Signac studied architecture until, at the age of 18, he decided to pursue a career as a painter after attending an exhibition of Claude Monet's work. He sailed on the Mediterranean Sea, visiting the coasts of Europe and painting the landscapes he encountered. In later years, he also painted a series of watercolors of French harbor cities.

In 1884 he met Claude Monet and Georges Seurat. He was struck by the systematic working methods of Seurat and by his theory of colors and he became Seurat's faithful supporter, friend, and heir with his description of Neo-Impressionism and Divisionism method. Under Seurat's influence he abandoned the short brushstrokes of Impressionism to experiment with scientifically-juxtaposed small dots of pure color, intended to combine and blend not on the canvas, but in the viewer's eye, the defining feature of Pointillism.

The Mediterranean coast is a major theme across Signac's paintings. He left the capital each summer, to stay in the south of France in the village of Collioure or at St. Tropez, where he bought a house and invited his friends. He envisioned the south of France as the perfect location for a future anarchist utopia.

Signac, Albert Dubois-Pillet, Odilon Redon, and Seurat were among the founders of the Société des Artistes Indépendants. The association began in Paris 29 July 1884 with the organization of massive exhibitions, embracing as their motto, "Neither jury nor awards" (Sans jury ni récompense). "The purpose of Société des Artistes Indépendants—based on the principle of abolishing admission jury—is to allow the artists to present their works to public judgement with complete freedom". For the following three decades their annual exhibitions flourished and set the trends in art of the early twentieth century. Signac was a guiding force in the Société and was its President from 1908 until his death.

In 1886 Signac met Vincent van Gogh in Paris. During 1887 the two artists regularly went to Asnières-sur-Seine together, where they painted such subjects as river landscapes and cafés. Initially, Van Gogh chiefly admired Signac's loose painting technique. Signac would also meet Toulouse Lautrec who was a friend of Van Gogh.

In March 1889, Signac visited Van Gogh at Arles. In 1890, during the banquet of the XX exhibition in Brussels, Lautrec challenged to a duel the artist Henri de Groux who criticized Van Gogh's works. Signac  declared he would continue to fight for Van Gogh's honor if Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologized for the slight and left the group and the duel never took place.

The next year he made a short trip to Italy, seeing Genoa, Florence, and Naples.

In 1888, Signac discovered anarchist ideas by reading Élisée Reclus, Kropotkin, and Jean Grave, who all developed the ideas of anarchist communism. With his friends Angrand Cross, Maximilien Luce, and Camille Pissarro he contributed to Jean Grave's paper, Les Temps Nouveaux (New Times).

Signac loved sailing and began to travel in 1892, sailing a small boat to almost all the ports of France, to the Netherlands, and on the Mediterranean Sea as far as Constantinople, basing his boat at St. Tropez, which he later would make popular to other artists. From his various ports of call, Signac brought back vibrant, colorful watercolors, sketched rapidly from nature. From these sketches, he painted large studio canvases that are carefully composed of small, mosaic-like squares of color quite different from the tiny, variegated dots introduced and used by Seurat.

Signac experimented with various media. As well as oil paintings and watercolors he made etchings, lithographs, and many pen-and-ink sketches composed of small, laborious dots.

The Neo-Impressionists influenced the next generation: Signac inspired Henri Matisse and André Derain in particular, thus playing a decisive role in the evolution of Fauvism. Signac himself did not admire the style when it first appeared.

Having prospered well, his financial support of the arts was considerable. As donations, he sent regular cheques and made a gift of his works for five lotteries between 1895 and 1912. Signac's 1893 painting, In the Time of Harmony originally was entitled, In the Time of Anarchy, but political repression targeting the anarchists in France at this time forced him to change the title before the work could be accepted by a gallery.

At the 1905 Salon des Indépendants, Henri Matisse exhibited the proto-Fauve painting Luxe, Calme et Volupté. The brightly colored composition was painted in 1904 after a summer spent working in St. Tropez on the French Riviera alongside the neo-Impressionist painters Henri-Edmond Cross and Paul Signac. The painting is Matisse's most important work in which he used the Divisionist technique advocated by Signac, which Matisse had adopted in 1898 after reading Signac's essay, d'Eugène Delacroix au Néo-Impressionnisme. Signac purchased the work after the 1905 Salon des Indépendants. In 1908 Signac was elected president of the Twenty-fourth Salon des Indépendants.

As president of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, from 1908 until his death, Signac encouraged younger artists by exhibiting the controversial works of the Fauves and the Cubists. He was the first patron to buy a painting by Matisse.

Signac served as a juror with Florence Meyer Blumenthal in awarding the Prix Blumenthal, a grant given between 1919 and 1954 to painters, sculptors, decorators, engravers, writers, and musicians.

Personal life
On 7 November 1892, Signac married Berthe Roblès at the town hall of the 18th arrondissement of Paris. The witnesses at the wedding were Alexandre Lemonier, Maximilien Luce, Camille Pissarro, and Georges Lecomte.

In November 1897, the Signacs moved to a new apartment in the Castel Béranger, which was built by Hector Guimard. A little later, in December of the same year, they acquired a house in Saint-Tropez named, La Hune, where the painter had a vast studio constructed that he inaugurated on 16 August 1898.

In September 1913, Signac rented a house at Antibes, where he took up residence with Jeanne Selmersheim-Desgrange. She gave birth to their daughter, Ginette, on 2 October 1913. Meanwhile, Signac left La Hune and the Castel Beranger apartment to Berthe and they remained friends for the rest of his life. On 6 April 1927, Signac formally adopted Ginette. His granddaughter, Françoise Cachin, was an art historian.

Paul Signac died from sepsis in Paris on 15 August 1935 at the age of 71. His body was cremated and was interred three days later, on 18 August, at the Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Author
Signac wrote several important works on the theory of art, among them, From Eugène Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism, first published in serial form in 1898. It is an important history of color and explanation of neo-impressionist technique. It also discusses Johan Barthold Jongkind (1819–1891). Signac also authored several introductions to the catalogues of art exhibitions and many other writings yet to be published.

Politically, he was an anarchist, as were many of his friends, including Félix Fénéon and Camille Pissarro.

Gallery

Illustrations in periodicals
 L'almanach de Cocagne pour l'an 1920–1922, Dédié aux vrais Gourmands Et aux Francs Buveurs (1921), published by Jean Cocteau and Bertrand Guégan (1892–1943)
 La Gerbe (Nantes), periodical.

See also
 List of Orientalist artists
 Orientalism
The Lagoon of Saint Mark, Venice (1905)

One-hundred-and-thirty-three watercolors and drawings by Signac are in the collection of the Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, which is the largest assemblage of Signac's graphic art outside of France. The collection was donated in 1999 by philanthropist James T. Dyke.

Notes

References

 Signac 1863–1935, Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris 2001
 The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 1988, Volume 10, Micropædia, pg. 796

External links

 Works by Signac at the Musée d'Orsay, Paris
 Finding Aid for Paul Signac letters and Signac family correspondence, 1860–1935, Getty Research Institute
 Woodcuts by Paul Signac, Henriette Tirman, Henri Ottmann and others, La Gebre, 1921/04 (A3, N31), Gallica, BnF
 Detail about Paul Signac's 1886 three month visit to Les Andelys that crystallised his theories around Pointillism.

1863 births
1935 deaths
19th-century French painters
20th-century French painters
20th-century male artists
Orientalist painters
Painters from Paris
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Divisionist painters
French anarchists
French male painters
Peintres de la Marine
Pointillism
Post-impressionist painters
Prix Blumenthal

Paul Signac


Andrew Emlyn "Drew" McMaster (born 10 May 1957 in Edinburgh) is a retired Scottish sprinter.

In 1976, he was Scottish, AAA's Indoor, and Junior 200 metres champion. He went on to win two further Scottish 200 metres titles in 1977, and 78.

In 1978, he went with the Scottish athletics team to the Edmonton Commonwealth Games where he won the 4x100 relay Gold Medal alongside David Jenkins, Allan Wells, and Cameron Sharp.

He also won the Scottish 100 metres championships in 1981 and 1982.

He was runner up in the UK Championships in the 100/200 in 1978 and 1980.

In 1980, he competed at the Summer Olympics in Moscow, where he competed for Great Britain in the 100 metres where he did not get past the quarter-final, but he anchored the British team in the sprint relay that finished 4th in the final with a then British record of 38.62 seconds.

In 1981, he took third place in the AAA's 100 metres.

In 1982, he went to the Brisbane Commonwealth Games where he won a bronze medal with the sprint relay team, and also made it to the 100 metres final where he finished eighth.

His personal bests were 10.37 seconds for the 100 metres and 20.77 sec for the 200 metres.

In 1995, he admitted that he had taken performance-enhancing drugs. In 2016, McMaster revealed that he knew for certain that at least six other athletes did the same during the 1980s.

References

Sport-Reference.com
Olympic Games 1980, Men: 4 x 100 m Relay

gbrathletics
BBC Sport

1957 births
Living people
Scottish male sprinters
Sportspeople from Edinburgh
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1982 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Scotland
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Scotland
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Medallists at the 1978 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 1982 Commonwealth Games

Drew McMaster