Kimba Maureen Wood (born January 21, 1944) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Wood received her undergraduate education at Connecticut College before gaining an MSc at the London School of Economics; in 1969, she earned a J.D. from Harvard Law School. She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, where she achieved senior status in 2009. In 1993, President Bill Clinton unsuccessfully nominated Wood to be United States Attorney General.

Wood has presided over many high-profile cases involving such figures as "Junk Bond King" Michael Milken, Republican majority leader of the New York State Senate Dean Skelos, and Donald Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen.

Early life and education
Wood was born in Port Townsend, Washington. Wood was named for the small town of Kimba, South Australia, which her mother saw in an atlas. Her father was a career officer and speechwriter in the United States Army. Wood lived in Europe during her youth, where her father was stationed in several places, and she received early education at the Sorbonne.

In 1965, Wood graduated from Connecticut College with a bachelor's degree in government, cum laude. In 1966, she received a Master of Science in political theory from the London School of Economics. While in London, she spent five days training as a Playboy bunny, but quit before beginning to work at a club. She then earned a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1969, where there were fewer than twenty women in her class.

Career
From 1969 to 1970, Wood was in private practice in Washington, D.C., working at Steptoe & Johnson where she was the only female attorney. From 1970 to 1971, she worked at the Office of Economic Opportunity. After relocating to New York City in 1971, Wood returned to private practice from 1971 to 1988, working as an antitrust law expert at the firm of LeBoeuf, Lamb, Leiby & MacRae. She became one of the first women to break into the male-dominated world of antitrust law, and became partner at LeBoeuf in 1978.

Federal judicial service
On December 18, 1987, based upon a recommendation from Senator Al D'Amato, Wood was nominated by President Ronald Reagan to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Constance Baker Motley. Wood was confirmed by a unanimous United States Senate on April 19, 1988, and received her commission on April 20, 1988. She entered on duty on July 28, 1988. Wood was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 2006 to 2007. She served as Chief Judge from 2006 to 2009 and assumed senior status on June 1, 2009.

Proposed nomination as Attorney General
In the Nannygate matter of 1993, Wood was Bill Clinton's second unsuccessful choice for United States Attorney General. Like Clinton's previous nominee, Zoë Baird, Wood had hired an illegal alien as a nanny, but unlike Baird, she had paid the required taxes on the employee. Wood employed the illegal immigrant at a time when it was legal to do so, before the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 made the hiring of illegal immigrants unlawful. The threat of a repetition of the same controversy nevertheless led to the hasty withdrawal of Wood from consideration. Janet Reno was later nominated and confirmed for the post. White House officials said they were angry at Wood because she had not told Clinton and other officials about the nanny, even when she had been directly asked. In her statement, however, Wood said she had not misled the White House.

Notable cases
One of Wood's notable decisions was sentencing Michael Milken, known as "The Junk Bond King", in 1990 to ten years in prison. In 1991, Milken's sentence was reduced to two years' imprisonment and three years' probation at the request of prosecutors, to reward his cooperation in other investigations.

In 1998, Wood presided over the case of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem v. Christie's, Inc., in which the ownership of the Archimedes Palimpsest was disputed. Wood also later presided over Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc., 88 F. Supp 2d 116 (S.D.N.Y. 1996), more widely known as the Pepsi Points Case.

On July 8, 2010, Wood was the presiding judge over the US case against ten alleged Russian 'illegals' involved in the Illegals Program. She accepted the defendants' guilty pleas and sentenced all ten to time served. The ten were then deported and exchanged for four prisoners previously held in Russia.

On October 26, 2010, Wood issued an injunction in Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC, forcing LimeWire to disable "the searching, downloading, uploading, file trading and/or file distribution functionality, and/or all functionality" of its software. A trial investigating the damages necessary to compensate the affected record labels was held in 2011 and ended in a negotiated settlement.

On November 19, 2010, Wood received attention in connection with a letter to the court from Bennet M. Epstein, an attorney, who asked for time off from a trial to attend his then-unborn grandson's bris, if the baby proved to be a boy. In response, Wood wrote that Epstein would be permitted to attend the bris, but that "if a daughter is born, there will be a public celebration in court, with readings from poetry celebrating girls and women."

In 2016, Wood presided over the case against Dean Skelos,  Republican majority leader of the New York State Senate, who was accused of federal corruption charges.

In April 2018, Wood was assigned to preside over motions arising out of the search pursuant to warrant of the home and office of Michael Cohen, a personal attorney for Donald Trump.

Personal life
In 1970, Wood married Robert Lovejoy, a partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell. She went by the name Kimba Wood Lovejoy from 1970 to 1982, until the time of their divorce. In 1982, Wood married Time magazine political columnist Michael Kramer. They had a son, Ben, in 1986. The marriage ended in divorce. After separating from Kramer, Wood and former Harvard Law School classmate Frank E. Richardson II began dating, and they married in 1999. Wood was also known for an alleged affair resulting in the breakdown of Frank Richardson's marriage, earning her the nickname of "The Love Judge".

Leadership roles
 2000–2001: Amherst College Board of Trustees
 Harvard Law School Association of New York City, President (one-year term)

Works and publications

References

External links

 Hon. Kimba M. Wood, United States District Judge at United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
 Kimba M. Wood at C-SPAN
 [https://www.netflix.com/es/title/81446626?s=a&trkid=13747225&trg=wha&vlang=es&clip=81631445 Netflix serie about 'the Pepsi case'. The judge was Kimba Wood

1944 births
20th-century American judges
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Connecticut College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Living people
People from Port Townsend, Washington
Rejected or withdrawn nominees to the United States Executive Cabinet
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
21st-century American judges
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges

Kimba Wood


Maulvi Said Muhammad, better known as Maulvi Omar or Maulvi Umar, is a senior Taliban commander who was captured by the Pakistani security forces in August 2009. Omar, a spokesman for the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), was a close associate of Baitullah Mehsud. His capture was seen as a major blow to the Taliban in Pakistan.

Omar, a high-profile figure who often contacted journalists to claim responsibility for the various actions of the Taliban, was captured while travelling with two associates in the Mohmand Agency of Pakistan's tribal areas, near the border with Afghanistan. In 2008 the Pakistan Government erroneously claimed he was killed in the bombing of Bajaur Agency. Describing his arrest, Maj Fazal Ur Rehman of the Pakistan army said "A very, very important militant has been arrested".

The arrest of Omar, who was reportedly captured due to the help of local anti-Taliban militia, was seen as important in weakening the Taliban who were already in some disarray following the death of Baitullah Mehsud. Omar was also seen as a key source of information on the operation of militants in the border areas with Afghanistan.

Following his arrest, Omar confirmed the death of his former chief Baitullah Mehsud; prior to his capture he had claimed that Mehsud was still alive.

References

External links
  Former Taliban spokesman caught in Mohmand

Living people
Pashtun people
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan members
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Taliban spokespersons
Year of birth missing (living people)

Maulvi Omar


A beadle is someone who works at a church or a Jewish synagogue and helps the clergy.  A beadle's main job is to show people to their seats and to keep order during church services. In the past they were important in running workhouses.

Like many words that describe a person's job, the word beadle can also be used as a last name.

Religious occupations

Beadle


The Gillis-Grier House is a historic home located at Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story Queen Anne style frame house built in 1887 by James Cannon. The house has gable-front elevations on three sides, a three-story octagonal tower, and a shorter -story service wing. Also on the property is a frame -story stable, now used as a garage.  It is one of the dwellings that define Salisbury's Newtown neighborhood and named after the two inter-related families that held title to the property between 1896 and 1975.

The Gillis-Grier House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

References

External links
, including photo from 1999, at Maryland Historical Trust

Houses in Wicomico County, Maryland
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Houses completed in 1887
Queen Anne architecture in Maryland
Buildings and structures in Salisbury, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Wicomico County, Maryland

Gillis-Grier House


The Eagle River is a tributary of the Wisconsin River in northeastern Wisconsin in the United States.  Via the Wisconsin River, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River, draining an area of 181.7 square miles (470.6 km²) in the state's Northern Highland region.  The river flows for much of its length through a series of lakes; the network of 28 lakes in the Eagle River's watershed is locally claimed to be the "world's largest chain of inland freshwater lakes."

The Eagle River rises in extreme western Forest County in the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, and flows generally northwestwardly in northeastern Oneida County and southeastern Vilas County, passing through the Oneida County town of Three Lakes and the Vilas County towns of Washington and Lincoln, and the city of Eagle River.  Along its course it flows through Big, Dog, Deer, Big Stone, Laurel, Medicine, Little Fork, Island, Round, Planting Ground, and Long Lakes in Oneida County; and Cranberry, Catfish, Voyageur, Eagle, Otter, Lynx, Duck, and Yellow Birch Lakes in Vilas County.  It flows into Watersmeet Lake on the Wisconsin River in the town of Lincoln, approximately two miles (3 km) west of the city of Eagle River.

See also
List of rivers in Wisconsin

References

Rivers of Wisconsin
Rivers of Forest County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Oneida County, Wisconsin
Bodies of water of Vilas County, Wisconsin

Eagle River (Wisconsin)


Thea Musgrave CBE (born 27 Mey 1928, in Barnton, Edinburgh) is a Scots componer o opera an clessical muisic. She haes waled in the Unitit States syne 1972.

20t-century clessical componers
21st-century clessical componers
Female clessical componers
Scots clessical componers
Scots opera componers
Commanders o the Order o the Breetish Empire
Honorary Members o the Ryal Academy o Muisic
Guggenheim Fellaes
Breetish expatriates in the Unitit States
Alumni o the Varsity o Edinburgh
Fowk eddicatit at Moreton Hall School
Muisickers frae Edinburgh
1928 births
Livin fowk
Pupils o Aaron Copland
Pupils o Nadia Boulanger
Weemen in electronic muisic
20t-century weemen muisickers

Thea Musgrave


In quantum mechanics, the intrinsic parity is a phase factor that arises as an eigenvalue of the parity operation  (a reflection about the origin). To see that the parity's eigenvalues are phase factors, we assume an eigenstate of the parity operation (this is realized because the intrinsic parity is a property of a particle species) and use the fact that two parity transformations leave the particle in the same state, thus the new wave function can differ by only a phase factor, i.e.:  thus , since these are the only eigenstates satisfying the above equation.

The intrinsic parity's phase is conserved for non-weak interactions (the product of the intrinsic parities is the same before and after the reaction). As  the Hamiltonian is invariant under a parity transformation. The intrinsic parity of a system is the product of the intrinsic parities of the particles, for instance for noninteracting particles we have . Since the parity commutes with the Hamiltonian and  its eigenvalue does not change with time, therefore the intrinsic parities phase is a conserved quantity.

A consequence of the Dirac equation is that the intrinsic parity of fermions and antifermions obey the relation , so particles and their antiparticles have the opposite parity. Single leptons can never be created or destroyed in experiments, as lepton number is a conserved quantity. This means experiments are unable to distinguish the sign of a leptons parity, so by convention it is chosen that leptons have intrinsic parity +1, antileptons have . Similarly the parity of the quarks is chosen to be +1, and antiquarks is -1.

References

Physical quantities
Quantum field theory
Quantum mechanics

Intrinsic parity


William Henry Miles (1828–1892) was a founder and the first senior bishop of the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church in America, a Methodist denomination formed in 1870 to serve African-American Methodists in the American South. Miles College in Birmingham, Alabama is named in his honor.

Life
Miles was born in Springfield, Kentucky.  He was a slave of Mrs. Mary Miles; when she died in 1854, she willed William his freedom (although he was not freed until 1864).

Images

References

People from Springfield, Kentucky
1828 births
1892 deaths
People of the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church

William H. Miles


Sir Thomas Cullinan (12 February 186223 August 1936) was a South African diamond magnate. He is renowned for giving his name to the Cullinan Diamond, the largest diamond ever discovered, and as owner of the Premier Mine, now renamed the Cullinan Mine, from which the famous gem was extracted on 26 January 1905. He also gave his name to the nearby South African town of Cullinan. He was honoured by the African Methodist Episcopal Church in Tembisa which named their church after him (Sir Thomas Cullinan AME Church).

Life and career
Of Irish descent, Thomas Cullinan was born in Elands Post near Seymore, Cape Colony on 12 February 1862. He moved to Barberton in 1884 and married two years later. In 1887, he moved to Johannesburg. There he became a bricklayer, and after he earned some money, he turned to prospecting. In 1897 he moved to Parktown, the up-and-coming suburb of the Randlords and had The View, his home, built. He discovered the Premier diamond fields in 1898. They lay a considerable distance from the existing diamond fields, but from the find of a diamond on the surface near a farm fence, he deduced that the diamond (found in alluvial soil) must have been washed from some higher diamond-bearing geological position. Such a position presented itself in the shape of a nearby koppie, which concealed a diamond-bearing blue ground pipe.

The owner of the mine, Joachim Prinsloo, had sold land to both gold and diamond prospectors before, and would not sell. However Cullinan succeeded in purchasing the land for £52,000 from Prinsloo's daughter, who inherited the farm after her father's death.

Cullinan was one of the co-founders and chairman of what became the Transvaal Chamber of Industries. He was a member of the Transvaal Legislative Assembly and the first Union Parliament of 1910, representing the Pretoria Western district.

He was knighted in 1910, at the inauguration of the Union of South Africa, in recognition of his contribution to industrial development in South Africa. The investiture was carried out by the Duke of Connaught, representing King George V.

Sir Thomas Cullinan died in 1936, aged 74.

Family life
He had a family of ten children, and was the grandfather of Patrick Cullinan, a prominent South African poet.

See also
South African Irish Regiment

References

1862 births
1936 deaths
Diamond dealers
South African people of Irish descent
South African mining businesspeople
Randlords
South African Knights Bachelor
Cape Colony people

Thomas Cullinan (diamond magnate)


Oleksandr Yuriyovych Tretiakov (; born 20 March 1970) is a Ukrainian politician and statesman, People's Deputy of Ukraine of the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th convocations. Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on veterans, combatants, participants in the anti-terrorist operation and people with disabilities (from the end of 2014). Since June 2015 is a deputy head of the parliamentary faction of the political party Petro Poroshenko Bloc. Head of the Cabinet of the President of Ukraine (2005). Tretyakov lost his seat in the Rada in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary elections.

Early life
He was born in Kyiv on 20 March 1970.

1987-1992: study at Kyiv Higher Radio Engineering Academy of Air Defense.

1992-1994: service in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Discharged with the rank of senior lieutenant.

Business career
After receiving higher education Oleksandr Tretyakov starts own business. From 1995 to 2002 he was the president of ATEK-95, one of the major oil trading companies in Ukraine. Oleksandr Tretyakov's business interests also include real estate and media.

In 2006 Oleksandr founded Glavred Media, a media holding which included the most influential Ukrainian information agency UNIAN, Glavred magazine and website, Profile and Telecity magazines, Nova and Izvestiya v Ukraine (eng. News in Ukraine) newspapers, Telekritika (eng. Telecritics) website, and City TV channel. Ihor Kolomoyskyi, one of the top Ukrainian businessmen and a co-owner of Privat Group, becomes Oleksandr's business partner in the media holding. The establishment of the holding was officially announced in August 2007. At the beginning of 2010, after Viktor Yanukovych won the presidential election, Tretiakov sells all his media assets.

Political career
In 2002 Oleksandr entered politics and became actively engaged with it. He was elected a Member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine from the People's Movement of Ukraine (Narodnyi Rukh Ukrajiny) of "Nasha Ukrayina" ("Our Ukraine") faction (number 41 on the party list). He was a member of the People's Movement of Ukraine.

Oleksandr Tretyakov becomes one of the closest confidants to the opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko, and for a long time he was in the inner circle of the future President and subsequently the Head of the State. He was also one of financial sponsors of Our Ukraine opposition faction.

In the summer of 2004, when the election campaign headquarters of the presidential candidate Yushchenko is formed, Tretiakov is appointed deputy head of the headquarters, managing organizational and financial issues. During the Orange Revolution he was a member of the Committee of National Salvation. Many media sources have mentioned the politician as one of the sponsors of the Orange Revolution.

In the autumn of 2004, after poisoning of presidential candidate Viktor Yushchenko, he accompanied Yushchenko during his medical treatment in Austria. From September 2004 to the very day of inauguration in January 2005, Viktor Yushchenko and his family lived in Oleksandr Tretyakov's house because of security concerns.

After inauguration, on 27 January 2005 by one of his first decrees the newly elected President Viktor Yushchenko appoints Oleksandr Tretyakov as his First Assistant – Head of the Cabinet of the President of Ukraine. Tretyakov holds this office until December 2005, during this period introduces the structural reform of the Presidential Secretariat.
In March 2005 he becomes one of the founders of Our Ukraine political party, he was actively engaged in party building, being responsible for party organization, media and financial issues. The politician believed that the Yushchenko – Tymoshenko 'orange team' should run for the 2006 parliamentary election as a single bloc.

In 2005-2006 Tretyakov was a member of the supervisory board of Ukrnafta, Oschadbank, and Ukrtelecom.

In September 2005, during political crisis in Ukraine that broke out after public accusations of President Yushchenko's closest aides in corruption, Tretyakov asked the President to suspend him from his position for the time of investigation. At the same time Victor Yushchenko dismissed the Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko and the entire government, as also the Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council Petro Poroshenko. In September 2005 the President eliminated the office of the First Assistant to the President, announcing it during his speech at the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the day of voting on Yurii Yekhanurov's appointment as the Prime Minister of Ukraine.

Later, in September–October 2005 an interdepartmental inquiry panel announced that no evidence proving the claims of corruption and no instances of abuse of power were found; in autumn 2005 and March 2006, two interim inquiry panels of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine have also confirmed that the accusations were groundless.

Tretyakov won lawsuits in courts of all instances, seeking protection of honor and dignity (on 25 November 2005 Pechersk District Court of Kyiv found groundless all corruption charges brought against him. On 10 July 2006 Kyiv Court of Appeal upheld this judgement).

In December 2005 Tretyakov became an external Presidential Adviser, holding this position until October 2006 when he resigned due to disagreement with the personnel policies of the President.

In March 2006 the politician was elected to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 5th convocation (number 41 on the party list). In the spring of 2007 as part of a group consisting of 150 deputies wrote a letter of request for early resignation, which allowed President Yushchenko to dissolve the parliament and appoint early election of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.

At the early parliamentary elections in October 2007 Oleksandr Tretyakov for the third time became a Member of Parliament from Our Ukraine - "Narodna Samooborona"'s (People's Self-Defense Bloc party) list, running from "Nasha Ukrayina" ("Our Ukraine" party) (number 56 on the list).

During his term at the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 6th convocation he held the office of Deputy Head of Our Ukraine - People's Self-Defense (OU-PSD) faction and the First Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Transport and Communication.

Tretyakov is a strong supporter of the democratic coalition and one of the key lobbyists of formation of the OU-PSD – YTB (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) coalition in December 2007 and the OU-PSD – YTB – Lytvyn Bloc in November 2008.

During his term at the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 4th, 5th, and 6th convocations he participated in creation of the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania, and served as the Assembly's Co-chairman from Ukraine.

In February 2010, on the eve of the second round of the presidential election, Tretyakov severed himself from "Our Ukraine" in protest against the introduction of amendments to the Law on Election of the President of Ukraine, when the election commission formation rules were changed just a few days before the voting day, thus creating conditions for election fraud. At that time, some MPs from Our Ukraine party of the OU-PSD faction have voted, along with the Party of Regions, for the amended law and President Yushchenko signed it.

After Viktor Yanukovych won presidential election Oleksandr Tretiakov went into opposition.

Political career after 2012

At the parliamentary elections in 2012 he ran as a non-party self-nominee in the people's deputies of Ukraine in the Kyiv district (Svyatoshinsky district). According to the voting results, he took the 2nd place losing to the candidate from the "Batkivschyna"("Fatherland") party Volodymyr Ariev.

In 2013-2014, he actively supported Evromaydan, bought some 500 bullet-proof vests, thousands of bags for barricade construction, tents, sleeping bags, clothes, etc. The Tretyakov's office in Podol hosted protesters for heating and overnight stay, activists from the Right Sector, militiamen from Lviv region and other activists. Since the beginning of the war in Donbass has bought ammunition for volunteer battalions in the power operation zone, provided financial support to families of participants in the power operation from Svyatoshinsky district of Kyiv.

In the 2014 parliamentary election Tretyakov was again re-elected after again winning single-member districts number 219 in Kyiv; this time as a Petro Poroshenko Bloc candidate.

In the Verkhovna Rada of the 8th convocation he heads the Committee on veterans, combatants, participants in the anti-terrorist operation and people with disabilities. In his first legislative initiatives, he raised issues of ensuring adequate social protection for participants in the power operation in Donbass, volunteers, members of volunteer formations, the provision of appropriate statuses for combatants, participants in the war, war invalids The Committee recommended the adoption of the Law on Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On the Status of War Veterans, the Guarantees for their Social Protection," which defined the separate status of "The Affected Participant of the Dignity Revolution", and regulated the benefits and guarantees for their social protection. This law was signed by the President of Ukraine on November 21 (посмотрите в тексте: 21 ноября какого года? Там не понятно).

He supports the creation of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs in Ukraine similar to the existing departments in the US, Canada, Australia, Croatia and other countries: "We need to urgently develop an effective mechanism for the implementation of social protection in this area and create a government body that will be responsible for the effective implementation of state strategy for the social protection of veterans", Tretyakov said.

In 2017, the electronic declaration of Olexandr Tretyakov for 2015/2016, one of the first among the people's deputies was fully tested in the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. During the check no violations were revealed.

Olexandr Tretyakov publishes reports on his work in the parliament on the regular basis.

In January 2018, the public network Opora included Alexander Tretyakov in the top three most effective Committee Heads of the Verkhovna Rada. Tretyakov has the highest indicator of legislative efficiency: 22 adopted bills out of 62 initiated.

Political Views
A supporter of Ukraine's European integration, he called a mistake the rejection of the Euro-Atlantic integration (at the 2008 Summit in Bucharest, Ukraine was not added to the NATO Membership Action Plan, and in 2010, after Viktor Yanukovych came to power, the Verkhovna Rada voted to exclude Ukraine's integration into the Euro-Atlantic security space from the national priority interests). He is confident that Ukraine's accession to NATO will ensure the country's security, its independence and sovereignty.
He opposed the participation of Viktor Yushchenko in the 2010 presidential election. According to Tretyakov, Yushchenko's main mission in 2010 was to hold fair elections, but the democratic camp was supposed to be represented by a single high-rated candidate, and it was Yulia Tymoshenko at that period of time.
Harshly criticizing any manifestations of separatism he stands for a single conciliar Ukraine.
He is a supporter of power decentralization, provision of local councils with broad powers and limiting the amount of revenues from the regional budgets to the central treasury.

Personal life
Mother: Liudmyla Ivanivna Tretyakova (born 1946).

Wife: Alla Feodosivna Tretyakova (born 1969), married since 1991.

Children: daughter Daria (born 2003) and two sons, Egor and Daniil (born 2008).

Awards and titles
 1st Class Civil Servant (May 2005)
 Cross of Officer of the Order for Merits to Lithuania (June 2004)

Notes
 Александр Третьяков: Зинченко только очень красиво говорил. Просто как соловей! Но что касается работы…
 Александр Третьяков: …Меня обвинили в коррупции не просто так! Это была целенаправленная акция по дискредитации команды Ющенко
 Александр ТРЕТЬЯКОВ: «Я призываю Партию регионов достойно принять поражение и прийти в парламент»
 Александр Третьяков «Сегодня для меня Ющенко – загадка больше, чем в 2004 году»
 Александр Третьяков: «Фракция «НУ–НС» будет поддерживать Тимошенко только в обмен на подпись под соглашением о совместных действиях после выборов»

References

External links
 Personal page on the official website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
 About Oleksandr Tretiakov in 'LIGA. Dossier'
 Ukrainian files. The Dossier of O. Tretiakov

1970 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Kyiv
Officer's Crosses of the Order for Merits to Lithuania
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Eighth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Politicians from Kyiv
People's Movement of Ukraine politicians
Our Ukraine (political party) politicians
Independent politicians in Ukraine

Oleksandr Tretiakov


Sabinianus Magnus (Greek: Σαβινιανός ό Μέγας; died 481) was a general of the Eastern Roman Empire, who fought in the rebellion of Theodoric Strabo against Emperor Zeno.

Biography
Much of the biography of Sabinianus Magnus is known through the Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes, who presents a favorable view. Like Marcellinus, he was one of the Illyrians who were part of the imperial administration and army in the 5th century. The stance of Marcellinus stance towards Sabinianus has been described as reflecting a "clear Illyrian bias". Marcellinus may have held positive view towards Sabinianus because of a personal or familial relationship. His stance may also echo the opinion of the Illyrian community of veterans and refugees in the imperial capital.

In 479, in Edessa, he received the codicils with his appointment to the rank of Magister militum per Illyricum from the hands of the patricius Adamantius, succeeding to Onoulphus.

At that time, the Eastern Emperor Zeno had to manage the revolt of his former general, the Ostrogoth chieftain Theodoric Strabo, who did not recognise Zeno's succession in 474. He hampered the negotiations between Theodoric and Adamantius, refusing to swear that the hostages exchanged would be safe from harm, officially for religious reasons, but actually because he opposed the reconciliation policy with the Goths. In fact, as the negotiations went on, he decided to attack the Goths: moving with his army at the back of the enemy, he succeeded in killing many of them and in capturing a great part of their baggages. Once he had returned to Lychnidus, he obtained the support of the Praetorian prefect of Illyricum, Iohannes, and successfully suggested the Emperor to reject the truce signed with Theodoric and to keep fighting him.

Sabinianus' presence in Illyricum along with the Gothic soldier Gento, prevented Theodoric from pillaging that territory (479), but later he fell out of favour at court, and Emperor Zeno executed him.

Sabinianus was the father of Sabinianus, who held the prestigious office of Consul in 505. The 6th-century historian Marcellinus Comes states that he was a severe commander, but a true defender of the Roman State. The entry about Marcellinus ends with the description that Sabinianus Magnus died "before he could bring fresh help to the exhausted empire".

Bibliography

 Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, "Sabinianus Magnus 4", The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Cambridge University Press, 1971, , p. 967.

481 deaths
Magistri militum
Byzantine generals
5th-century Byzantine people
Illyrian people
Year of birth unknown
Generals of Zeno

Sabinianus Magnus


Georg Ferdinand Dümmler (10 February 1859 – 15 November 1896) was a German classical philologist and archaeologist born in Halle an der Saale. He was the son of historian Ernst Ludwig Dümmler (1830–1902).

He was a student at the Universities of Halle, Strassburg and Bonn. At Strassburg, he studied under Adolf Michaelis (1835–1910), and in Bonn, he had as instructors Franz Bücheler (1837–1908), Hermann Usener (1834–1905) and Reinhard Kekulé von Stradonitz (1839–1911). In 1882 he received his doctorate with a thesis on the philosopher Antisthenes.

Following graduation, he undertook archaeological research excursions through Italy, Greece, Cyprus and the Aegean Islands. From 1887 to 1890, he was a lecturer at the University of Giessen, and afterwards was a professor of philology and archaeology at the University of Basel. In 1889 he published Akademika. Beiträge zur Litteraturgeschichte der sokratischen Schulen ("Academica, contributions to the literary history of the Socratic schools").

Dümmler died of an illness in Basel on 15 November 1896 at the age of 37.

References
 This article is based on a translation of an equivalent article at the German Wikipedia, source listed as: ADB:Dümmler, Ferdinand (Archäologe) @ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 48, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, S. 163–166.

German classical philologists
Archaeologists from Saxony-Anhalt
Academic staff of the University of Basel
People from Halle (Saale)
1859 births
1896 deaths

Ferdinand Dümmler


Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim (25 January 1927 – 8 December 1994), also known as Tom Jobim (), was a Brazilian composer, pianist, guitarist, songwriter, arranger, and singer. Considered one of the great exponents of Brazilian music, Jobim internationalized bossa nova and, with the help of important American artists, merged it with jazz in the 1960s to create a new sound, with popular success. As a result, he is sometimes known as the "father of bossa nova".

Jobim was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists internationally since the early 1960s.

In 1965, the album Getz/Gilberto was the first jazz record to win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. It also won Best Jazz Instrumental Album – Individual or Group and Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. The album's single "Garota de Ipanema (The Girl from Ipanema)", composed by Jobim, has become one of the most recorded songs of all time, and the album won the Record of the Year. Jobim composed many songs that are now included in jazz and pop standard repertoires. "Garota de Ipanema" has been recorded over 240 times by other artists. His 1967 album with Frank Sinatra, Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim, was nominated for Album of the Year in 1968.

Early life
Antônio Carlos Jobim was born in the middle-class district of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro. His father, Jorge de Oliveira Jobim (São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul; 1889–1935), was a writer, diplomat, professor and journalist. He came from a prominent family, being the great-nephew of José Martins da Cruz Jobim, senator, privy councillor and physician of Emperor Dom Pedro II. His mother, Nilza Brasileiro de Almeida ( 1910–1989), was of partly indigenous descent from northeastern Brazil. Brasileiro de Almeida was only 16 years old when she gave birth to Antônio Carlos Jobim at their home in Tijuca on Rua Conde de Bonfim. While studying medicine in Europe, José Martins added Jobim to his last name, paying homage to the village where his family came from in Portugal, the parish of Santa Cruz de Jovim, Porto.

When Antônio was still an infant, his parents separated and his mother moved with her children (Antônio Carlos and his sister Helena Isaura, born 23 February 1931) to Ipanema, the beachside neighborhood the composer would later celebrate in his songs. In 1935, when the elder Jobim died, Nilza married Celso da Frota Pessoa (died 2 February 1979), who would encourage his stepson's career; it was he who gave Jobim his first piano. Jobim credits his stepfather with encouraging him to pursue music. In an interview with Roberto d'Ávila in 1981, he said, "I hated the piano, I thought it was a girly thing, I liked to play soccer...I had a great stepfather who really helped me get involved with music and convinced me that the piano was not a girly thing." As a young man of limited means, Jobim earned his living by playing in nightclubs and bars and later as an arranger for a recording label before starting to achieve success as a composer.

Later on in the interview with Roberto d'Ávila, Jobim talks about his feelings toward his upbringing. He notes a conversation he had with a friend of his father's, Erico Verissimo, where Verissimo said that Tom Jobim should be somber due to the absence of his father from a young age. Jobim told d'Ávila, "I was left without a father, clinging to my mother's skirts…some [men] have 'excessive' fathers, the excessive presence of their fathers is a problem, but the absence of a father is also a problem." Jobim continued with d'Ávila, sharing that it takes something of great influence to bring someone to dedicate their life to music. He said that "people who play the piano well are all handicapped." He mentions the health struggles of both Sergio Mendes who had osteomyelitis and Luiz Eça who had polio. "It takes something really strong to make you leave reality behind and begin to write songs," Jobim shared. With d'Ávila he alludes to his sadness as a young man as being the driving force that motivated him to further his pursuit in music, that he needed to be sad in order to play the piano and write. He concludes on the topic with d'Ávila that, at that point in his life (the interview having taken place in 1981) that he no longer needed to be sad to create music, that he was no longer sad as he was at the beginning of his career.

Musical influences
Jobim's musical roots were planted firmly in the work of Pixinguinha, the legendary musician and composer who began modern Brazilian music in the 1930s. Among his teachers were Lúcia Branco and, from 1941 on, Hans-Joachim Koellreutter, a German composer who lived in Brazil and introduced atonal and twelve-tone composition in the country. Jobim's mother established a school where Jobim would begin taking lessons on the piano; this is when he would meet Koellreutter. Jobim was also influenced by the French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, and by the Brazilian composers Ary Barroso and Heitor Villa-Lobos, who has been described as Jobim's "most important musical influence". Among many themes, his lyrics talked about love, self-discovery, betrayal, joy and especially about the birds and natural wonders of Brazil, like the "Mata Atlântica" forest, characters of Brazilian folklore and his home city of Rio de Janeiro. In a segment with the NBC Today show in 1986, hosted by Jane Pauley, Jobim spoke about his music's origins of inspiration, saying "My music comes from this environment here, you know, the rain, the sun, the trees, the birds, the fish."

Career

In the 1940s Jobim started to play piano in bars and nightclubs of Rio de Janeiro, and in the first years of the 1950s he worked as an arranger in the Continental Studio, where in April 1953 he had his first composition recorded, when the Brazilian singer Mauricy Moura recorded Jobim's composition "Incerteza", with lyrics by Newton Mendonça.

Jobim became prominent in Brazil when he teamed up with poet and diplomat Vinicius de Moraes to write the music for the play Orfeu da Conceição (1956). The most popular song from the show was "Se Todos Fossem Iguais A Você" ("If Everyone Were Like You"). Later, when the play was adapted into a film, producer Sacha Gordine did not want to use any of the existing music from the play. Gordine asked de Moraes and Jobim for a new score for the film Orfeu Negro, or Black Orpheus (1959). Moraes was at the time away in Montevideo, Uruguay, working for the Itamaraty (the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) and so he and Jobim were only able to write three songs, primarily over the telephone ("A felicidade", "Frevo" and "O nosso amor"). This collaboration proved successful, and de Moraes went on to pen the lyrics to some of Jobim's most popular songs.

In 1958 the Brazilian singer and guitarist João Gilberto recorded his first album with two of Jobim's most famous songs, "Desafinado" and "Chega de Saudade". This album inaugurated the Bossa Nova movement in Brazil. The sophisticated harmonies of his songs caught the attention of jazz musicians in the United States, principally after his first performance at Carnegie Hall, in 1962.

A key event in making Jobim's music known in the English-speaking world was his collaboration with the American jazz saxophonist Stan Getz, the Brazilian singer João Gilberto, and Gilberto's wife at the time, Astrud Gilberto, which resulted in two albums, Getz/Gilberto (1963) and Getz/Gilberto Vol. 2 (1964). The release of Getz/Gilberto created a bossa nova craze in the United States and subsequently internationally. Getz had previously recorded Jazz Samba with Charlie Byrd (1962), and Jazz Samba Encore! with Luiz Bonfá (1964). Jobim wrote many of the songs on Getz/Gilberto, which became one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time, and turned Astrud Gilberto, who sang on "Garota de Ipanema" ("The Girl from Ipanema") and "Corcovado" ("Quiet Nights of Quiet Stars"), into an international sensation. At the Grammy Awards of 1965 Getz/Gilberto won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group and the Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. "The Girl from Ipanema" won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year. Among his later hits is "Águas de Março" ("Waters of March", 1972), for which he wrote both the Portuguese and English lyrics, and which was then translated into French by Georges Moustaki (as "Les Eaux de Mars", 1973).

In talking about his creative process when writing and creating "Girl From Ipanema", Jobim told Roberto d'Ávila in 1981, "It comes to me in a way, then it changes one or two times and all of the sudden, it becomes something that makes sense…it's like the profile of a woman…the profile of a woman, something very discernible, then you say: 'hey, this is really beautiful…' then you stare and as soon as you stare, it's gone, I mean it becomes part of the past." Jobim continues, "I mean, every time you draw something it turns into, it's something static… that portrait remains forever."

Collaboration with Elis Regina c. 1974–1982
Jobim and Elis Regina first met in 1974 in Los Angeles, when Regina was only 29 years old and still a fresh face in the Brazilian music industry. Regina was a force to be reckoned with, being referred to as furacão ("hurricane" in English) by those who worked with and around her. The two artists came together to create the album Elis & Tom which would unexpectedly become tremendously popular in the United States as well as across the globe. Regina and Jobim had a special creative chemistry between them that was noted by those who were present to witness the collaborative process first hand during that era in both of their careers. Oscar Castro-Neves, a guitarist-producer who worked with Regina and Jobim on the Elis & Tom album in the mid-1970s, recalled in an article with the Los Angeles Times that "There was a very fine line between 'rehearsal' and 'hanging out,' 'just talking'...it was all that seamless." Due to the nature of their work relationship, Regina and Jobim grew close and had a symbiosis that is reflected in the result of their work together. Aguas de Março represents this, with the lyrics simulating a banter of finishing each other's sentences.

Personal life
Jobim was married to Thereza Otero Hermanny on 15 October 1949 and had two children with her: Paulo Jobim (1950–2022), an architect and musician, (father of Daniel Jobim (born 1973) and Dora Jobim (born 1976)); and Elizabeth "Beth" Jobim (born 1957), a painter. Jobim and Thereza divorced in 1978. On 30 April 1986, he married 29-year-old photographer Ana Beatriz Lontra, with whom he had two more children: João Francisco Jobim (1979–1998) and Maria Luiza Helena Jobim (born 1987). Daniel, Paulo's son, followed his grandfather to become a pianist and composer, and performed "The Girl from Ipanema" during the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.

Death

In early 1994, after finishing his album Antonio Brasileiro, Jobim complained to his doctor, Roberto Hugo Costa Lima, of urinary problems. He underwent an operation at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City on 2 December 1994. On 8 December, while recovering from surgery, he had a cardiac arrest caused by a pulmonary embolism, and two hours later, another cardiac arrest, from which he died. He was survived by his children and grandchildren. His last album, Antonio Brasileiro, was released posthumously three days after his death.

His body lay in state until given a proper burial on 20 December 1994. He is buried in the Cemitério São João Batista in Rio de Janeiro.

Legacy

Jobim is widely regarded as one of the most important songwriters of the 20th century. Many of his songs are jazz standards. American jazz singers Ella Fitzgerald and Frank Sinatra prominently featured Jobim's songs on their albums Ella Abraça Jobim (1981) and Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim (1967), respectively. The 1996 CD Wave: The Antonio Carlos Jobim Songbook included performances of Jobim tunes by Oscar Peterson, Herbie Hancock, Chick Corea and Toots Thielemans.

Jobim was an innovator in the use of sophisticated harmonic structures in popular song. Some of his melodic twists, like the melody insisting on the major seventh of the chord, became commonplace in jazz after he used them.

The Brazilian collaborators and interpreters of Jobim's music include Vinicius de Moraes, João Gilberto (often credited as a co-creator or creator of bossa nova), Chico Buarque, Edu Lobo, Gal Costa, Elis Regina, Sérgio Mendes, Astrud Gilberto and Flora Purim. Significant arrangements of Jobim's compositions were written by Eumir Deodato, Nelson Riddle, and especially the conductor/composer Claus Ogerman.

He won a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012. As a posthumous homage, on 5 January 1999, the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro changed the name of Rio's Galeão International Airport, located on Governador Island, to bear the composer's name. Galeão Airport is explicitly mentioned in his composition "Samba do Avião". In 2014, Jobim was posthumously inducted to the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2015, Billboard named Jobim as one of The 30 Most Influential Latin Artists of All Time.

Written by Elliott Smith, the ninth track on Oregon alternative rock band Heatmiser's 1994 album Cop and Speeder is entitled "Antonio Carlos Jobim".

American contemporary jazz singer Michael Franks dedicated his 1995 album Abandoned Garden to the memory of Jobim. English singer/songwriter George Michael frequently acknowledged Jobim's influence. His 1996 album Older was dedicated to Jobim, and he recorded "Desafinado" on Red Hot + Rio (1996) with Astrud Gilberto.

The official mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro, Tom, was named after him.

In 2015, a crater on the planet Mercury was named in his honor by the IAU.

Discography and compositions

Studio albums
 1963: The Composer of Desafinado, Plays (Verve)
 1965: The Wonderful World of Antônio Carlos Jobim (Warner Bros.)
 1967: A Certain Mr. Jobim (Warner Bros.)
 1967: Wave (CTI/A&M)
 1970: Stone Flower (CTI)
 1970: Tide (A&M)
 1973: Jobim (MCA)
 1976: Urubu (Warner Bros.)
 1980: Terra Brasilis (Warner Bros.)
 1987: Passarim (Verve)
 1995: Antônio Brasileiro (Columbia)
 1995: Inédito (Ariola)
 1997: Minha Alma Canta (Lumiar)

Collaborations
 1954: Sinfonia do Rio de Janeiro (Continental), with Billy Blanco
 1956: Orfeu da Conceição (Odeon), with Vinicius de Moraes
 1957: "O Pequeno Príncipe" (Festa), an audiobook, which Jobim composed it's soundtrack
 1961: Brasília – Sinfonia Da Alvorada (Columbia), with Vinicius de Moraes
 1964: Getz/Gilberto (Verve)
 1964: Caymmi Visita Tom (Elenco/Polygram/Philips), with Dorival Caymmi
 1967: Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim (Reprise)
 1974: Elis & Tom (Philips), with Elis Regina
 1977: Miúcha & Antônio Carlos Jobim (RCA), with Miúcha
 1979: Miúcha & Tom Jobim (RCA), with Miúcha
 1981: Edu & Tom (Philips), with Edu Lobo
 1983: Gabriela (RCA), original soundtrack from the movie "Gabriela, Cravo e Canela"

References

Sources

 De Stefano, Gildo, Il popolo del samba, La vicenda e i protagonisti della storia della musica popolare brasiliana, preface by Chico Buarque de Hollanda, introduction by Gianni Minà, RAI-ERI, Rome 2005,
 De Stefano, Gildo, Saudade Bossa Nova: musiche, contaminazioni e ritmi del Brasile, preface by Chico Buarque, introduction by Gianni Minà, Logisma Editore, Florence 2017,

External links
Antônio Carlos Jobim – tribute site
Antônio Carlos Jobim – remembrance site

Antônio Carlos Jobim  at The Brazilian Sound
Antônio Carlos Jobim – "Clube do Tom"
Antônio Carlos Jobim – behind the scenes of the legendary bossa nova concert at Carnegie Hall in 1962

1927 births
1994 deaths
20th-century Brazilian male singers
20th-century Brazilian singers
20th-century composers
20th-century guitarists
20th-century pianists
Bossa nova guitarists
Bossa nova pianists
Bossa nova singers
Brazilian composers
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Brazilian jazz guitarists
Brazilian jazz pianists
Brazilian jazz singers
Brazilian lyricists
Brazilian male guitarists
Brazilian male singer-songwriters
Brazilian singer-songwriters
Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
Brazilian record producers
CTI Records artists
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Jazz record producers
Latin American folk singers
Latin folk guitarists
Latin folk pianists
Latin jazz guitarists
Latin jazz pianists
Latin jazz singers
Latin music songwriters
Male jazz musicians
Male pianists
Música Popular Brasileira guitarists
Música Popular Brasileira pianists
Música Popular Brasileira singers
Musicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Verve Records artists
Burials at Cemitério de São João Batista

Antônio Carlos Jobim


Thomas Leeb (born 14 September 1977 in Klagenfurt, Austria) is an Austrian fingerstyle guitarist.

Biography
Thomas Leeb grew up in the small Austrian mountain village Turracher Höhe, Carinthia, as the youngest of four children of a hotel-owner's family. Over a period of thirteen years he taught himself the electric guitar, then switched to acoustic guitar. He was fifteen when he decided to become a musician and had his first concerts, even though his parents made him finish high school. He produced his first CD Reveller (now out of print) when he was seventeen. After high school he toured Ireland for four months as street musician. In 1997 he recorded his second CD Hope (out of print) and finished third in the 1998 Open Strings Festival in Osnabrück, Germany.

In 1999 Leeb published his third CD, Riddle, on the web portal MP3.com and studied at the California Institute of the Arts, focusing on world music and traditional music from Ghana. His teachers were percussionists Kobla and Alfred Ladzekpo, and guitarist Miroslav Tadić. Leeb  graduated in 2003 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts. He produced his fourth album, Spark, in 2004 and went completely indie, selling the CDs from his website. In 2006 he recorded the CD Upside Down and in 2007 Desert Pirate.

Leeb tours incessantly, mainly in the US, in Europe (Austria, England, Germany, Ireland and Croatia) and in Asia (Taiwan, Korea and Japan); he has managed to build a worldwide fan community. He irregularly teaches as freelancer at two music schools in Los Angeles. Every summer he organizes a workshop at his Austrian hometown Turracher Höhe which is highly frequented, especially by British guitarists. Leeb taught master classes at the London Music School and the Guitar Institute of Technology in Hollywood. He was featured in several international guitar magazines, such as Guitar Player and Acoustic Guitar.,  ,  Leeb is an influence especially for young guitarists, for example Newton Faulkner.

Thomas Leeb is married and lives in Val Verde, California.

Influences and technique
Thomas Leeb calls his music "the bastard child of acoustic guitar",  combining unusual techniques, ideas and harmonies with a frank tongue-in-cheek attitude. His friend, Irish guitarist Eric Roche, called him "my brother in strings" and was a major support for his development. Roche held Leeb in high regard: "I was his teacher for about five minutes and then I heard him play." One of Leeb's main musical influences is Michael Hedges.

Leeb follows his own path as guitarist and composer, displaying a very idiosyncratic and particular guitar style. Characteristic for this style are percussive elements generated by hitting the guitar body with the heel of his hand or single fingers while playing intricate fingerstyle patterns. On his Desert Pirate CD he uses a scratch-board, glued to the surface of his guitar. With it he adds rhythmic scratch sounds to some of his pieces which are similar to typical DJ scratching sounds, despite their acoustic origin. Some of his pieces possess odd-meter measures and recall Eastern and Balkan music; much of his work is rhythmically complex and meticulously worked out.

Leeb is an endorsee of Lowden guitars and Parkwood Guitars. His guitars are amplified with a Fishman Rare Earth system (internal microphone/magnetic pickup combination). His live sound is produced by a K&K Pure Western soundboard transducer. His additional technical equipment encompasses L.R. Baggs Para and Highlander PAM DI boxes as well as an Alesis NanoVerb system.

Discography
 Reveller (1994)
 Hope (1997)
 riddle (1999)
 Spark (2004)
 Upside Down (2006)
 Desert Pirate (2007)
 No Alibis (2011)
 Trickster (2015)

References

External links
 Thomas Leeb official website
 "Desert Pirate" video at YouTube

Austrian guitarists
Fingerstyle guitarists
1977 births
Living people
California Institute of the Arts alumni
21st-century guitarists

Thomas Leeb


The University of California San Diego School of Medicine is the graduate medical school of the University of California, San Diego, a public land-grant research university in La Jolla, California. It was the third medical school in the University of California system, after those established at UCSF and UCLA, and is the only medical school in the San Diego metropolitan area. It is closely affiliated with the medical centers that are part of UC San Diego Health.

History
In 1962, the fledgling university began searching for a dean to head its planned medical school, which would be the first such institution in San Diego County. The concept was based on the successful models of public medical education and practice in San Francisco and Los Angeles. The man eventually chosen was Joseph Stokes III, an expert in the fields of preventive medicine and cardiovascular epidemiology. Stokes played a key role in aggressively recruiting leading physician scientists of its era and rapidly building the institute's reputation as an elite medical school. Faculty members recruited to the university by Stokes included Y.C. Fung, who would later be considered the father of bioengineering. His efforts were aided by the campus's existing strengths in the biological sciences and close proximity to the famed Salk Institute.

The basic science building was the first building constructed on the School of Medicine grounds, which were east of Revelle College and north of New Miramar Road (later renamed La Jolla Village Drive). The first cohort of medical students, 39 men and 8 women, enrolled in 1968, while construction on the clinical science building and adjacent 100-bed Veterans Administration Hospital were still ongoing. The inaugural class in 1971 achieved the highest score in the country on the National Board of Medical Examiners Step 1 Examination, propelling the new school into the national spotlight. The school's first degrees were conferred upon them in 1972. Clinical rotations took place at the UC San Diego Medical Center, then known as Hillcrest County Hospital, which had been constructed by the county in 1963 and leased to the university in 1966.

Research and innovation efforts were successful early in the school's history. By 1969, UCSD was a leader in the novel technique of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. In 1972, faculty members experimented with the use of early echocardiograms.

In 1973, Helen Ranney joined the faculty, and would become the first American woman to be chair of the department of medicine at a medical school.

In 1982, UCSD opened one of the first clinics for the treatment of HIV and AIDS.

In 2005, the UCSD Moores Cancer Center opened.

In 2021, UCSD received $2.6M to expand Programs in Medical Education (PRIME) focused on health equity and Indigenous health.

Campus

The School of Medicine neighborhood occupies 54 acres on the southern portion of the main campus. It is bordered by Gilman Drive and Revelle College to the west, Gilman Drive and University Center to the north, Villa La Jolla Drive and the San Diego VA Medical Center to the east, and La Jolla Village Drive to the south. The main entrances to the campus are via Library Walk for pedestrians and Osler Lane for vehicles. The neighborhood's buildings are arranged around a series of three green spaces: the School of Medicine Quad, the Ceremonial Green, and the Academic Mall. The School of Medicine quad is an informal, grassy area which channels pedestrians from Revelle College and Library Walk toward Sally T. WongAvery Library and the adjacent academic and research facilities. The Ceremonial Green is a quadrantal lawn which is used for graduation ceremonies and other outdoor functions in front of the Medical Education and Telemedicine Building. The Academic Mall is a structured, flat quadrangle with gathering spaces and academic and research facilities along its east and west edges, and the Rita Atkinson Residences (medical student housing) at its southern terminus.

Most of the campus buildings serve an academic, research, or administrative purpose. Exceptions are the Rita Atkinson Residences, which houses 450 graduate students in a nine-story, two-tower structure, and the Club Med dining facility at the base of the telemedicine building. The campus features two Stuart Collection works. Terrace, by Jackie Ferrara, consists of three tiled terraces which flow into one another to connect both wings of the Cellular and Molecular Medicine facility. It is the ninth work in the collection. The fourteenth work, Standing by Kiki Smith, is a nude bronze woman raised on a concrete eucalyptus trunk trickling water from her hands to its roots. It was the artist's first permanent outdoor sculpture.

Student life

The School of Medicine offers several programs and services for medical students, including the Healthy Student Program, the Office of Educational Support Services, the Careers in Medicine Program, Faculty Mentors, the Office of Student Affairs advisors, the Big Sib program, Senior Mentors, and Senior Faculty Advisors. In addition, medical students run nearly 40 active organizations.

Admissions and rankings
Admission to the UC San Diego School of Medicine M.D. program is among the most selective in the country. For the class entering Fall 2015, 253 of the 7,456 applicants were admitted. This 3.4% acceptance rate is the tenth-lowest of 170 schools surveyed by U.S. News & World Report nationally. Of admits who choose to matriculate, the average undergraduate GPA is 3.73 and the average MCAT composite score is 34.2 out of 45. The most popular residency and specialty programs are internal medicine, anesthesiology, dermatology, obstetrics & gynecology, orthopaedic surgery, otolaryngology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology (diagnostic) and surgery.

The UC San Diego School of Medicine is ranked 18th in the 2017 edition of U.S. News & World Report for research and ranked 12th in primary care. The "Drug and Alcohol Abuse" research program is ranked 10th overall. The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks UC San Diego 20th in the world for clinical medicine and pharmacy.

Curriculum

In addition to the M.D. program, the UC San Diego School of Medicine offers the following degree programs:
  Medical Scientist Training Program (M.D./Ph.D. Program)
  Medical Scholars Program (8-year Baccalaureate/M.D. Program)
  Masters in Bioengineering
  Masters in Public Health
  Masters in Leadership of Health Care Organizations
  Masters of Advanced Studies in Clinical Research
  Ph.D. Program in the Humanities and Social Sciences
  Program in Medical Education (PRIME) Health Equity (M.D./Masters Program)
  Global Health Academic Concentration
  Program in Medical Education (PRIME) Transforming Indigenous Doctor Education
  Independent Ph.D. programs

In 2010, the school altered its curriculum, and designated the plan "Integrated Scientific Curriculum", to emphasize ambulatory experience and better prepare students for medical practice. The first two years consist of classroom learning based on topical units, followed by two years of clinical rotations.
The Independent Study Project (ISP) has long been a cornerstone of the elective curriculum at the UCSD School of Medicine. Students are required to complete a project under the direction of an ISP committee usually consisting of three or more School of Medicine faculty.

Research

UC San Diego School of Medicine faculty rank #1 in the nation in federal research funding per faculty member (#1 in clinical research and #3 in basic research). Among ranked departments, UC San Diego is #1 in family medicine, neurosciences, surgery, and #2 in anesthesiology, ophthalmology, orthopedics, pediatrics, pharmacology, and psychiatry.  The UC San Diego School of Medicine is 8th in the nation in total NIH funding with 8 individual departments in the top 10: #1 in family medicine and neurosciences, #2 in engineering-related and pharmacology funding, #3 in "other basic sciences" and psychiatry, #7 in internal medicine and obstetrics/gynecology. In 2013, Expertscape recognized it as having the world's highest level of expertise in glaucoma.

The school operates and contributes to several organized clinical research units, including Moores Cancer Center, the Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, the Stein Institute for Research on Aging, the AntiViral Research Center, the Center of AIDS Research, the Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit, the Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, and the Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

Notable people

Notable alumni
 Margaret Allen (M.D. 1974) became the first female heart transplant surgeon.
 Brian Druker (M.D. 1981) discovered the drug imatinib (Gleevec) for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
 Charles Knifechief (M.D. 1982) became the first physician from the Pawnee Nation and first American Indian graduate.
 Khaled Hosseini (M.D. 1993) is an American novelist and physician.
 Geoff Abrams (M.D. 2006) is an American professional tennis player.
 Ryan Abbott (M.D. 2005) is British-American academic and physician

Notable faculty
Eight Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine:
 Francis Crick (1962) – J.W. Kieckhefer Distinguished Research Professor, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
 Robert W. Holley (1968) – Professor, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
 George Palade (1974) – Dean of the School of Medicine
 Renato Dulbecco (1975) – Professor Emeritus, Department of Pathology
 Roger Guillemin (1977) – Professor, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
 Sydney Brenner (2002) – Adjunct Professor, Department of Biological Sciences
 Roger Tsien (2008) – Professor, Department of Pharmacology
 Bruce Beutler (2011) – Professor, Scripps Research Institute

Other notable faculty include:
 David Brenner (physician) – Current Vice Chancellor of UC San Diego Health Sciences.
 Randy Davison – Actor who trains diagnostics with medical students.
 William Nyhan – Pediatrician who first described what is now called the Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
 Kenneth Kaushansky – Former Chairman and Helen Ranney Professor of the Department of Medicine; Current Dean of the Stony Brook University School of Medicine
 John B. West – Current Pulmonary Faculty; led the American Medical Research Expedition to Everest in 1981; Former NASA chairman of the Science Verification Committee in 1983; American Physiological Society (APS) president in 1984; author of Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials

Community affiliations
Primary teaching hospitals affiliated with this medical school where clinical teaching or training is carried out: Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego Naval Regional Medical Center, San Diego VA Medical Center, Scripps Green Hospital, Scripps Mercy Hospital, and UC San Diego Health.

Clinical teaching and training at the UCSD School of Medicine are carried out at seven primary teaching hospitals: Rady Children's Hospital, the San Diego Naval Regional Medical Center, the San Diego VA Medical Center, Scripps Green Hospital, Scripps Mercy Hospital, and UC San Diego Health. The school's affiliation with UC San Diego Health includes all its entities: UC San Diego Medical Center, Jacobs Medical Center, Moores Cancer Center, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, Shiley Eye Institute, and various outpatient clinics.

School of Medicine researchers also work alongside scientists from several other medical research entities. These affiliations include the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego Supercomputer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, The Scripps Research Institute, St. Vincent de Paul Village Family Health Center, UC San Diego Health, Indian Health Service, and the VA San Diego Healthcare System.

Student-Run Free Clinic

The UCSD Student-Run Free Clinic Project, in partnership with the community, provides accessible, quality health care for the underserved in respectful environments in which students, health professionals, patients and community members learn from each other. It seeks to sustain health through free medical and preventive care, health education and access to social service. It has locations in Downtown San Diego, Pacific Beach, National City, and Lemon Grove.

References

External links
 Official website

Medicine, School of
Medical schools in California
Universities and colleges in San Diego
Educational institutions established in 1968
1968 establishments in California
School of Medicine

UC San Diego School of Medicine


Benson Records was founded by Bob Benson and John T. Benson, who formed the John T. Benson Music Publishing Company in 1902. The record label started out as Heart Warming Records, creating house labels such as Impact Records, Greentree Records, RiverSong, StarSong, Power Discs and Home Sweet Home. In the 1970s, Impact became the top label with artists such as New Dawn, the Imperials, J.D. Sumner & The Stamps Quartet, the Rambos, Dottie Rambo, the Archers, the Bill Gaither Trio, the Speer Family and Sandi Patty (her Impact catalog is owned by Word Records).

History
In 1980, Paragon Associates formed a partnership with Zondervan to own/operate Benson Records. Paragon Assoc. was founded in 1975, by Bob MacKenzie and Bill Gaither (gospel singer). Paragon sold its interest to Zondervan in 1983, where under the leadership of Bob Jones, Jr. saw the Benson company grow even bigger in the 1980s. Artists included Gold City, The Kingsmen Quartet, DeGarmo & Key, Dallas Holm, and others producing several hits.

In the 1980s, Benson Records continued with success by signing a contract to distribute a new label, founded by Dan R Brock, Eddie DeGarmo, Dana Key and Ron W. Griffin.  Forefront Records was born, and in 1989 Dc Talk was signed. In 1996, Forefront Records was sold to Capitol Christian Music Group  (owned by Universal Music Group, and this acquisition includes the entire DeGarmo & Key catalog). On July 27, 1993, Benson Music Group distributed the christian children's music series Kids Classics with the first six titles including Bible Songs, Action Bible Songs, Sunday School Songs, Songs of Praise, Silly Songs, and Lullabies. In 1994, the name Impact Records was sold to Landmark Distribution. On July 26, 1994, Benson Music Group released two new Kids Classics including Toddler Tunes and Hymns. On November 1, 1994, Kids Classics changed the new name into Cedarmont Kids. In 1995, they acquired Diadem Music Group which included GospelJazz pioneer Ben Tankard's Tribute Records label contracts. These contracts included Tankard, Yolanda Adams, Twinkie Clark and Bob Carlisle. Carlisle is best known for his hit song, "Butterfly Kisses".

Benson Records was sold to Provident/Zomba in 1997, which is now a part of Sony Music Entertainment. The Benson label was reformatted to focus on new artists.  Zomba closed the label in late 2001.

Most recently, the name Heart Warming Records and RiverSong was sold to Homeland Entertainment. Homeland is owned by Bill Traylor and former President of Zondervan, Bob Jones, Jr.

Artists

 4Him
 Yolanda Adams
 Angelo & Veronica
 The Archers
 Andrus, Blackwood & Co
 Brush Arbor
 Commissioned
 Carman
 Twinkie Clark
 DeGarmo & Key
 East to West
 Bill Gaither Trio
 Glad
 Gold City
 Fred Hammond
 Harvest
 Dallas Holm
 The Imperials
 Kingsmen Quartet
 Oak Ridge Boys
 Sandi Patty
 Pilgrim Jubilees
 Dottie Rambo
 The Rambos
 Songfellows Quartet
 Speer Family
 Billy Sprague
 J.D. Sumner & The Stamps Quartet
 Straight Company
 Michael Sweet
 Three Crosses
 Tourniquet
 Truth
 Hezekiah Walker
 Whisper Loud
 Thomas Whitfield
 J.C. White and the TFT Church Choir

See also
 List of record labels

External links
Benson Records website
Provident-Integrity Distribution
Provident Label Group
Southern Gospel History

Resources
Powell, Mark Allan. The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music Hendrickson Publishers, August 2002. ( )

References

American record labels
Gospel music record labels
Sony Music
Record labels established in 1902
Companies based in Nashville, Tennessee
American companies established in 1902
American companies disestablished in 2001
Record labels disestablished in 2001

Benson Records


"The Star" is the twelfth and final episode of the third season of the American television drama series Homeland, and the 36th episode overall. It premiered on Showtime on December 15, 2013.

Plot
Having just killed Akbari, Brody (Damian Lewis) steals Akbari's pistol and calmly walks out of the building. He is picked up by the driver who took him there. Brody forces the driver out of the car at gunpoint. He goes to meet Carrie and they drive to a safe house about a hundred miles away.

Majid Javadi (Shaun Toub) confirms that Akbari is dead but suggests that Saul (Mandy Patinkin) abandon Carrie and Brody because their capture would increase Javadi's chances of getting Akbari's job. Javadi promises that he would get Carrie out afterwards. Saul refuses and proceeds to organize an extraction involving the military and several helicopters. Dar Adal betrays him and informs Senator Lockhart, who quickly gets the president's agreement to take command of the CIA, even though his time in the job is not for another 11 hours. Lockhart calls off the extraction and gives the safe house's location to Javadi, whose troops go there, albeit with orders to leave Carrie.

At the safe house, Carrie tells Brody about her pregnancy and Brody starts to feel confident about his road ahead. Brody and Carrie leave the house when they hear their rescue helicopter, not knowing it is false sound being generated by a loudspeaker. Brody is immediately seized by Iranian military forces and Carrie screams as she is left behind.

Brody is given a speedy trial and sentenced to be hanged publicly. Carrie attends, pushing her way through the crowd to reach the chain link fence surrounding the execution zone, having mourned that entire day. She looks on, devastated, then climbs the fence and calls his name loudly so Brody knows she is there as he dies.

Four months pass. Iran offers the IAEA full access to its nuclear sites in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions. Carrie has chosen not to have an abortion because she "wanted a part" of Brody, who is the father. She tells Quinn that she is afraid of motherhood; however, he encourages her to keep the baby. Lockhart has a meeting with Carrie where he promotes her to station chief in Istanbul. Not only is Istanbul the most prestigious station, Carrie has become the youngest station chief in CIA history. Carrie asks whether, at the upcoming CIA memorial, Brody might be given a star alongside the fallen agents, but Lockhart refuses because Brody was not a CIA employee and the director does not believe that an erstwhile would-be terrorist merits such an honor. Meeting later her sister and father, Carrie tells them she plans to give the baby up but her father offers to adopt the child.

Saul was fired after Lockhart took office and went to work in the private sector, paid much more money. He gets an invitation to attend the upcoming CIA memorial. He speaks with Dar Adal and Carrie after seeing them again, and conveys he still prefers the CIA over private industry. Later that night, hours after the memorial, Carrie walks through the CIA's halls, approaches the memorial wall, and furtively draws a star in memory of Brody with a marker pen.

Production
Former series writer Meredith Stiehm rejoined the writing staff to co-write the season finale with showrunner Alex Gansa. The episode was directed by co-executive producer Lesli Linka Glatter. Brody's execution scene was filmed on the final day of shooting for season three. It was shot overnight on location in Rabat, Morocco and had 400 extras playing the   Iranian mob.

A complete version of the season's finale was leaked on December 13, 2013, almost 48 hours prior to its scheduled air date and became available on numerous internet file sharing platforms.

Reception

Ratings
The episode received a series-high 2.4 million viewers on its original broadcast and cumulative rating of 2.9 million over the two airings that night.

Critical response

The episode received very positive reviews. Scott Collura of IGN gave the season finale a score of 9.4 out of 10, and praised the performances of Claire Danes and Damian Lewis and the writers' decision to kill off the character of Nicholas Brody. Collura wrote,  "The Star is perhaps one of the saddest hours of TV we've seen in some time, and it's also a reminder that for all the Carrie fatigue that's been going around this season, Claire Danes remains an amazing performer." Although he felt the wrap-up was "clunky", he continued, "but that doesn't really matter. Because when Carrie quietly scrawls that star for Brody on the wall, a star that no one will recognize except her and maybe a few other people, we couldn't ask for a better memorial to the character."

Emily VanDerWerff and Sonia Saraiya reviewed the episode for The A.V. Club. VanDerWerff graded the episode an "A−" and commented that "The Star" was the strongest episode of the third season. She wrote, "Above all, it did the main thing a season finale should do: It made me interested to see what season four looks like. I don't know if I would have said that before watching "The Star," and that I feel that way after watching it is the highest compliment I could pay it." Saraiya gave it a perfect "A" grade and wrote, "I loved this episode. I literally cried at the end." She also wrote that the episode works on an emotional level, writing that the finale "hit me in the gut, with an echo of that same emotional wrenching that characterized some of the show's strongest episodes from its first two seasons for me."

References

External links
 "The Star" at Showtime

2013 American television episodes
Homeland (season 3) episodes
Television episodes directed by Lesli Linka Glatter

The Star (Homeland)


John Helm Pratt (November 17, 1910 – August 11, 1995) was an American lawyer and judge. Born in New Hampshire, Pratt spent most of his life in the Washington, D.C. area, where he practiced law for 34 years before being appointed as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. As a federal judge, Pratt presided over a number of significant cases, including the Watergate trial of G. Gordon Liddy and civil rights cases involving school desegregation and discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Early life and education

Pratt was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on November 17, 1910, to Harold B. and Marguerite R. Pratt. At age nine, he and his family moved to the Washington, D.C. area, after his father, a  United States Marine Corps officer, was stationed in the area. Pratt and his family briefly moved to Boston (where Pratt studied at the Boston Latin School) but later returned to Washington, where Pratt graduated from Gonzaga College High School and served as a United States Senate page. Pratt studied at Georgetown University for two years before transferring to Harvard University, where he received an Artium Baccalaureus degree cum laude in 1930 at the age of 19. Pratt then attended Harvard Law School, receiving a Bachelor of Laws in 1934.

Military service and legal career

Pratt served in the United States Marine Corps from 1942 and was discharged with the rank of captain in 1946. During World War II, he served in the Pacific theater, where he earned a Bronze Star and Purple Heart. He lost a left arm, in December 1944, in Tacloban, Leyte, the Philippines. He convalesced at Biak, Dutch New Guinea, and then at naval hospitals in the United States, including Bethesda Naval Hospital. Prior to taking the federal bench, Pratt was in the private practice of law in Washington, D.C. for 34 years. He was an associate at Morris, KixMiller & Baar from 1934 to 1942, and a partner at Morris, Pearce, Gardner & Pratt from 1946 to 1968, when he was appointed to the federal bench.

Federal judicial service

Pratt was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on April 11, 1968, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia vacated by Judge Alexander Holtzoff. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 6, 1968, and received his commission on June 7, 1968.

Notable cases

Pratt presided over a number of high-profile cases during his time on the bench, including the trial of G. Gordon Liddy in connection with the Watergate scandal. In 1974, Pratt oversaw the bench trial of Libby, finding him guilty of two counts of contempt of Congress.

Pratt also presided over Hoffa v. Saxbe, a case in which former Teamsters leader James R. Hoffa unsuccessfully made a constitutional challenge to the condition of his 1971 presidential pardon barring him from engaging in "direct or indirect management of any labor union" until March 1980. Pratt ruled in 1974 that the condition of the pardon was valid because (1) it had a direct relationship to the public interest and (2) it did not "unreasonably infringe" on Hoffa's constitutional freedoms.

Pratt also issued rulings on important civil rights issues. He ordered the restoration of the Defense Department security clearances of two homosexuals in 1971, holding that "government security evaluators cannot subject homosexuals to 'probing personal questions' about their sex lives or withhold security clearances for refusal to answer such questions."

Pratt also presided over another case, Adams v. Richardson, brought by the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. The NAACP sought to compel the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) to speed up desegregation in schools. Pratt rejected the HEW's argument that Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 gave the department the discretion to wait for "voluntary compliance" from the states. Citing Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, Pratt ruled that desegregation was to occur "at once" in the 113 school districts, mostly in the South, that had failed to desegregate. Pratt also ordered the withholding of federal funding from school districts that failed to comply. Pratt's decision was largely affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, although it set a ten-month timeframe for states to create desegregation plans, rather than the four-month timeframe set by Pratt.

Pratt also oversaw the long-running Evans case, involving conditions at the District of Columbia's Forest Haven institution in Laurel, Maryland, a home for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Pratt determined that "patients' constitutional rights to adequate care and treatment had been violated" and issued an order setting forth sweeping changes to be made at the facility, including the movement of 20% of patients to community treatment facilities and limits on the use of physical restraints. In 1990, Pratt held the district in civil contempt of court after learning that just two physicians were caring for 232 Forest Haven residents, including one who had been determined to be "professionally incompetent" by the Maryland Commission on Medical Discipline two years earlier. Pratt ruled that the district was "continuing obdurate resistance" to providing adequate services to the patients. After missing a 1988 court-imposed deadline to close Forest Haven, the district finally closed the facility in 1991. Pratt continued to oversee the case until his death, however. In 1995, Pratt announced that he would appoint a special master to oversee "the network of community-based living arrangements that have replaced Forest Haven" because of the district's delays in paying caseworkers and other providers; he appointed Margaret G. Farrell as special master the following year. Federal court monitoring of the district's programs for people with intellectual disabilities continued until 2017.

In another notable case, Broderick v. Ruder, Pratt ruled in favor of complainant Catherine A. Broderick, a Securities and Exchange Commission attorney, finding that Broderick had suffered from pervasive sexual harassment at the SEC's regional office in Washington.

Senior status and death

Pratt assumed senior status on December 1, 1989, and from then on chose to hear only civil cases. He called the Federal Sentencing Guidelines "atrocious" and believed they set forth excessively harsh penalties for first-time offenders. Pratt was also a critic of mandatory minimum sentences and in the sentencing disparity between crack cocaine and powder cocaine. Pratt served as chairman of the Committee on Judicial Ethics of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1984 to 1990. He remained on the court until he died on August 11, 1995, at his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, of lung cancer.

Personal life

Pratt married Bernice Safford Pratt, known as Sissy, on October 25, 1938. They had five children, four daughters and one son.

References

External links

1910 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Deaths from cancer in Maryland
Deaths from lung cancer
Harvard Law School alumni
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Military personnel from New Hampshire
People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
United States district court judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson
United States Marine Corps officers
Harvard College alumni

John H. Pratt


The siege of Kōriyama Castle was fought in the year 1544. The Iriki were vassals of the Shimazu clan and Iriki-In Shigetomo was the brother-in-law of Shimazu Takahisa. However relations began to sour when rumors spread that Shigetomo was plotting a rebellion against Takahisa. In 1544 Shigetomo died and shortly after Takahisa attacked and captured his castle of Kōriyama, ending any menace the Iriki-in could pose to his rule. Iriki-in Shigetsugu succeeded Shigetomo and the relations were later restored between both sides.

Battles of the Sengoku period
1544 in Japan
Shimazu clan
Sieges involving Japan
Conflicts in 1544

Siege of Kōriyama Castle (1544)


David Dastmalchian (; born July 21, 1975) is an American film, television, and stage actor. He has had supporting roles in a number of superhero franchises; he portrayed Thomas Schiff in The Dark Knight (2008), Kurt and Veb in the Ant-Man franchise, Abra Kadabra in The CW's The Flash, and Polka-Dot Man in The Suicide Squad (2021). He has also appeared in three of Denis Villeneuve's films: Prisoners (2013), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), and Dune (2021). Dastmalchian wrote and starred in the semi-autobiographical film Animals (2014). He had a supporting role in The Boogeyman and portrayed William Borden in Oppenheimer.

Early life
David Dastmalchian was born on July 21, 1975, in Allentown, Pennsylvania, to Priscilla and Hossein Dastmalchian. His father was an Iranian-American engineer who worked at engineering firm Black & Veatch. He has two sisters and a brother. His parents divorced, which he described as "tumultuous", and both remarried. He was raised in Overland Park, Kansas, where he attended Shawnee Mission South High School, becoming part of the drama club. He described growing up in the Kansas City metropolitan area as "very traditional in one sense, and a conservative community that also had a rad, fringe, artistic, progressive tribe of people who were finding connectivity through the arts and the culture of KC and the surrounding suburbs."

In his childhood, Dastmalchian developed vitiligo, for which he suffered ridicule from his peers. Consequently, he experienced depression throughout his childhood. Growing up, he enjoyed football, theater, and comics. He would mow lawns, saving money to buy comics. He studied at The Theatre School at DePaul University and graduated in 1999. Prior to beginning his career as an actor, he dealt with a heroin addiction for five years. He wrote about his experiences in his screenplay, Animals, and continues to advocate for mental health and substance abuse treatment programs. Shortly after becoming sober, he worked at a seafood restaurant in Kansas City. He was also briefly a fisherman in Alaska.

Career
Dastmalchian began his professional career in the mid-2000s in Chicago, working on stage and in commercials. He has received acclaim for lead roles in Tennessee Williams's The Glass Menagerie and Sam Shepard's Buried Child at Chicago's Shattered Globe Theatre. He was involved with a number of Chicago theater companies and was an artistic associate at Caffeine Theatre.

His feature film debut came in the late 2000s, as the Joker's deranged henchman, Thomas Schiff, in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight. His portrayal of Bob Taylor in Denis Villeneuve's Prisoners received strong reviews. Richard Corliss of Time called Dastmalchian's performance "excellent – chatty, modest with some subtle telltale psychopathy" and The Guardians Paul MacInnes likened his introduction as a new suspect to Kevin Spacey's entrance in Seven.

In March 2014, Dastmalchian was awarded the Special Jury Prize for Courage in Storytelling at the South by Southwest Film Festival. He wrote and starred in the feature film Animals, directed by Collin Schiffli. Ashley Moreno of The Austin Chronicle credits Dastmalchian's screenplay with "present[ing] an authenticity often lacking in films about drug abuse." Film Threats Brian Tallerico similarly sings the praises of Dastmalchian's breakout performance, noting his ability to "capture that sense of self-loathing that comes through in the body language of an addict without overselling it."

Other feature film appearances include starring roles in the psychological thriller The Employer, the indie grindhouse hit Sushi Girl, the drama Cass (winner, San Diego Black Film Festival), Girls Will Be Girls 2012 (a sequel to the 2003 cult hit Girls Will Be Girls), Saving Lincoln, Virgin Alexander, Ant-Man, and Michel Franco's Chronic.

He has also appeared on television: in an eleven-episode arc as Murdoc, the nemesis of the title character in MacGyver; as Simon on the Fox sci-fi series Almost Human, in the episode "Simon Says"; as a chess expert and murder suspect on the CBS forensics procedural drama series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation; and as Oz Turner on the BBC drama series Intruders. Other television appearances include the FX sitcom The League, the Showtime crime drama series Ray Donovan, and NBC's medical drama ER.

Dastmalchian portrayed DC Comics villain Abra Kadabra in seasons 3 and 7 of The Flash.

In 2017, he reunited with Denis Villeneuve when he appeared in Blade Runner 2049. The following year he reprised the role of Kurt in the Ant-Man sequel Ant-Man and the Wasp. In 2021, he appeared as Polka-Dot Man in The Suicide Squad, a character with  whom he said he connected on a personal level due to the childhood bullying he suffered as a result of his vitiligo. Later that same year, he appeared in his third Denis Villeneuve film when he portrayed Piter De Vries in Dune. In 2023, Dastmalchian starred in the horror films Late Night with the Devil and The Boogeyman, as well as The Last Voyage of the Demeter. Also in 2023, he had a minor role as William L. Borden in Christopher Nolan's biopic epic Oppenheimer.

Dastmalchian is a comic book writer. He debuted his horror comic series Count Crowley in 2019 published by Dark Horse Comics.

Personal life
Dastmalchian married artist Evelyn "Eve" Leigh in 2014. They live in Los Angeles with their two children.

Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Theatre

References

External links

Living people
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American people of English descent
American people of French descent
American people of Iranian descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Italian descent
Male actors from Kansas
People with vitiligo
DePaul University alumni
21st-century American male actors
1975 births
American comics writers

David Dastmalchian


Il-Alti or Il-Altun was a daughter of Genghis Khan by an unknown concubine of lowly status.

Family
The children of Börte were given more power than those of the other wives of Genghis Khan. However, Il-Alti was born to a concubine, whose name was not recorded in the history of the Mongols. She had nine half-brothers and five half-sisters. Four of her nine half-brothers died before reaching adulthood. The remaining five were Jochi, Chagatay, Ogotei, Tolui and Kholgen. Her half sisters were: Koa Ujin Bekhi, Checheikhen, Alakhai Bekhi, Tumelun, and Altalun.

Betrothal and Death
Genghis Khan promised Il-Alti to the Uighur chieftain Barjuk Idi-Qut for his submission, services and loyalty to the Mongol Empire. However, because Idi-Qut already had a principal wife whom he honored, Barjuk and Il-Alti's wedding was postponed. It was further delayed by Genghis Khan's death. Two years after Genghis Khan died, Ogotei ascended to the throne and became the Khan of the Mongol Empire. To fulfill his father's promise Ogotei was to give Il-Alti to Barjuk, however, Il-Alti died before Barjuk arrived at the Khan's court.

In place of Il-Alti, Alaji Bekhi (possibly a daughter of Ogotei) was given to Barjuk. But, Barjuk died before Alaji Bekhi could arrive to Besh-Baligh. Following Barjuk's death, his son Kesmes traveled to Ogotei Khan's court to ask for Alaji Bekhi's hand. The Khan agreed, however, Kesmes also died before the nuptial. In the end, during Toregene Khatun's rule, Alaji Bekhi married Salindi Idi-Qut, a younger son of Barjuk Idi-Qut and brother of Kesmes. Salindi Idi-Qut was punished and executed during Mongke Khan's reign for supporting Toregene Khatun and Ogotei's descendants.

According to The Secret History of the Mongol Queens by Jack Weatherford, Il-Alti was the ruler of the Uighurs and a heroine in the history of the Mongol Empire. According to Persian chronicler Rashid al-Din, she was Genghis Khan's favorite daughter, but someone from Ögedei's faction executed her shortly after Ögedei's death, supposedly because Il-Alti had poisoned Ögedei. However, Kublai Khan was not convinced that Il-Alti was guilty, and at a trial of several of Ögedei's retainers, demanded to know why Il-Alti was killed without a trial, in violation of Genghis Khan's laws.

Source

Women from the Mongol Empire
Genghis Khan
13th-century Mongol women
13th-century Mongols
12th-century Mongol women
12th-century Mongols
13th-century deaths
Year of birth unknown

Alaltun


The American Physical Society (APS) is the world's second largest organization of physicists. The Society publishes more than 12 scientific journals, including the Physical Review and Physical Review Letters. It organizes more than 20 science meetings each year. APS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics.

History
The American Physical Society began on May 20, 1899, when a group of 36 physicists met at Columbia University to set up a society "to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics". At the start the APS only held scientific meetings. In 1913 it took over the Physical Review, which had begun in 1893 at Cornell University. The Physical Review was followed by Reviews of Modern Physics in 1929 and by Physical Review Letters in 1958.

The APS is now active in public and governmental affairs, and in the international physics community. It has programs in education, science outreach (specifically Physics Outreach), and media relations. APS has about 50,000 members. In 1999, APS Physics celebrated 100 years with the biggest-ever physics meeting in Atlanta. In 2005, APS took the lead role in United States participation in the World Year of Physics. It started several programs to publicize physics during the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's annus mirabilis. Einstein@Home, is still an ongoing and popular distributed computing project.

APS journals
The American Physical Society publishes 13 research journals and a news and commentary website Physics.
 Physical Review Letters (PRL)
 Reviews of Modern Physics (RMP)
 Physical Review A (PRA): Atomic, molecular and optical physics.
 Physical Review B (PRB): Condensed matter and materials physics.
 Physical Review C (PRC): Nuclear physics.
 Physical Review D (PRD): Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology.
 Physical Review E (PRE): Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.
 Physical Review X (PRX): Open access; pure, applied, and interdisciplinary physics.
 Physical Review Applied (PRApplied): Experimental and theoretical applications of physics.
 Physical Review Fluids (PRFluids): Fluid dynamics.
 Physical Review Accelerators and Beams (PRAB): Open access; accelerator science and technology.
 Physical Review Physics Education Research (PRPER): Open access; experimental and theoretical research on physics education.
 Physical Review Materials (PRMaterials): A broad-scope international journal for the multidisciplinary community engaged in research on materials.

All members of APS receive the monthly publication Physics Today, published by the American Institute of Physics (AIP).

Prizes and awards
The American Physical Society gives out a number of awards including the Andrei Sakharov Prize (APS) for outstanding leadership, Aneesur Rahman Prize for Computational Physics, Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science, Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics, Lars Onsager Prize in theoretical statistical physics, and more.

References

Other websites
 Official American Physical Society website
 Bulletin of the American Physical Society — freely available scientific abstracts presented at general meetings and various unit meetings of APS Physics.
 Finding Aid to the Records of the American Physical Society , 1899-1989 at the Niels Bohr Library & Archives, American Institute of Physics
 Finding Aid to the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics Archives , 1946-1991, Special Collections, Linderman Library, Lehigh University

1899 establishments in the United States
.

American Physical Society