Scott & Bailey is a British police procedural series that debuted on ITV on 29 May 2011 and concluded on 27 April 2016. The series stars Suranne Jones, Lesley Sharp, Amelia Bullmore, Nicholas Gleaves, Danny Miller and Pippa Haywood. The show, mainly written by Sally Wainwright, revolves around the personal and professional lives of Detectives Janet Scott (played by Sharp) and Rachel Bailey (played by Jones). Both characters are members of the Syndicate Nine Major Incident Team (MIT) of the fictional Manchester Metropolitan Police.

Despite continued good reception and strong viewership, it was decided to end the series after an abbreviated fifth series in 2016 for creative reasons. In March 2018, Canadian TV remade the series as The Detail but the show was cancelled after one season.

Episodes

Cast and characters

Starring
 Lesley Sharp as Detective Constable Janet Scott, a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9 who also briefly acts as Detective Sergeant during Series 3.
 Suranne Jones as Acting Detective Inspector Rachel Bailey, an officer within Syndicate 9 who serves as a Detective Constable from Series 1-3 before being promoted to Detective Sergeant and Deputy Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 9 in Series 4. She is later promoted to Acting Detective Inspector in Series 5 and concurrently serves as the Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 9.
 Amelia Bullmore as Detective Chief Inspector Gill Murray (Series 1–4), the Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 9.
 Nicholas Gleaves as Detective Sergeant Andy Roper (Series 1–2), a Detective Sergeant and the Deputy Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 9.
 Danny Miller as Detective Sergeant Rob Waddington (Series 3–4), a Detective Sergeant and the Deputy Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 9.
 Pippa Haywood as Detective Superintendent Julie Dodson (Series 5; supporting, Series 2–4), an officer who serves as a Detective Chief Inspector and Senior Investigating Officer of Syndicate 3 in Series 2. She is later promoted to Detective Superintendent by Series 3 and gains oversight of multiple syndicates, including Syndicate 9, within the Murder Investigation Department.

Also starring
 David Prosho as Detective Constable Ian "Mitch" Mitchell, a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9.
 Delroy Brown as Detective Constable Lee Broadhurst, a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9.
 Tony Mooney as Detective Constable Pete Readyough, a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9.
 Ben Batt as Detective Constable Kevin Lumb (Series 1-3), a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9.
 Rupert Graves as Nick Savage (Series 1), a CPS barrister.
 Sean Maguire as Police Constable Sean McCartney (Series 2-3), a Police Constable within Manchester Metropolitan Police and later boyfriend/husband of Rachel Bailey.
 Steve Toussaint as Detective Superintendent Will Pemberton (Series 4), a Detective Superintendent within the Vice Unit and boyfriend of Rachel Bailey.
 Danny Webb as Detective Constable Chris Crowley (Series 4), a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9 and later boyfriend of Janet Scott.
 Jing Lusi as Detective Constable Anna Ram (Series 5), a Detective Constable within Syndicate 9.

Recurring
 Sally Lindsay as Alison Bailey, the daughter of Sharon Bailey and sister of Rachel and Dominic Bailey.
 Harriet Waters as Taisie Scott, the daughter of Adrian and Janet Scott.
 Tony Pitts as Adrian Scott (Series 1-3), the husband of Janet Scott and father of Taisie and Elise Scott.
 Vincent Regan as Detective Chief Superintendent Dave Murray (Series 1-2), the Head of the Review Unit whose team are occasionally called in to review the progress of Syndicate 9 in murder enquiries. He is also the ex-husband of Gill Murray.
 Kevin Doyle as Geoff Hastings (Series 1-2), an old school friend of Janet Scott who brings a cold case to her attention.
 Julia Deakin (Series 2) & Judy Holt (Series 3-5) as "Scary" Mary Jackson, a Home Office pathologist.
 Judith Barker as Dorothy Parsons (Series 2-5), the mother of Janet Scott.
 Shannon Flynn (Series 1) & Olivia Fenton (Series 2-4) as Elise Scott, the daughter of Adrian and Janet Scott.
 Liam Boyle as Dominic Bailey (Series 2), the son of Sharon Bailey and brother of Rachel and Alison Bailey.
 Tracie Bennett as Sharon Bailey (Series 3-4), the mother of Rachel, Alison and Dominic Bailey.
 Nicola Walker as Helen Bartlett (Series 3), a person of interest in an investigation surrounding her parents Joe and Eunice Bevan.
 George Costigan as Joe Bevan (Series 3), a person of interest to Syndicate 9 following the death of his wife Eunice Bevan.
 Gabrielle Reidy as Assistant Chief Constable Karen Zelinski (Series 3), a senior ranking officer within the Manchester Metropolitan Police.
 Ellie Haddington as Evie Pritchard (Series 4), a person of interest to Syndicate 9 following the death of a missing man near her farm.
 Gregg Chillin as Detective Sergeant Neil Simpson (Series 5), an officer within the Serious Crime Unit.

Production
Scott & Bailey was commissioned after the concept was introduced to executive producer Nicola Shindler, who brought it to writer Sally Wainwright. The series is produced by Manchester-based Red Production Company and is largely filmed in the Greater Manchester area.

Concept
Scott & Bailey is based on an original idea by Suranne Jones and Sally Lindsay, with Jones commenting that there needed to be more roles for women "that weren't wife-of, sidekick-to, mother-of, mistress-to, etc." Jones remarked, "We were just chatting away over a bottle of wine in a pub" when the idea came to fruition. Lindsay, a fan of television programmes such as Cagney & Lacey, was interested in the concept of a programme detailing the lives of two professional women. Jones later spoke of the programme, saying it is "the Cagney & Lacey of Manchester", though she acknowledged that Scott & Bailey as a drama was more "gritty" and "real".

Upon taking the idea to Nicola Shindler of Red Productions, Shindler contacted Sally Wainwright, who wrote a script for an episode and, according to Jones, they "loved it". Despite the positive reaction, the project "kind of got a bit lost" until ITV discovered it and requested that Wainwright rewrite the script.

Subsequently, Wainwright paired up with Diane Taylor, a former Detective Inspector from Greater Manchester Police, to create the programme, and the production expanded from Jones and Lindsay's original concept. From Taylor's perspective, police procedurals were often filled with not only technical inaccuracies, but what she felt were inaccuracies of how officers behaved, saying: "that's what really irritates me in other dramas – detectives crying over dead bodies and getting drunk senseless. You'd last about two weeks". She said, of her time as a police officer in comparison to portrayals on television, that "reality is much more interesting. I could pull a thousand cases out of my head people would say would never happen. People need drama because they would not believe the reality".

Production team
Scott & Bailey is produced by Manchester-based Red Production Company, which itself is majority owned by StudioCanal following an acquisition estimated at £30 million in December 2013. Nicola Shindler, who founded the company in 1998, is the programme's executive producer alongside writer Sally Wainwright and Tom Sherry. When speaking of Shindler, Wainwright said: "Nicola is just a genius. She makes you raise your game. So if you're good, she'll make you better".

The role of producer was undertaken by Yvonne Francas for Series 1, and from Series 2–3, Tom Sherry. Sherry, who has worked for Red Productions for over 15 years, described his job as "the opportunity to meddle in all departments – it's about being able to have a passable stab at everyone's job and to be able to empathise with what they're trying to achieve". For the production of Series 4, Sherry undertook the role of executive producer alongside Wainwright and Shindler, while the position of producer is staffed by Juliet Charlesworth. For the fifth series, filmed in 2015, Suranne Jones became an executive producer alongside Shindler.

The involvement of Diane Taylor as a consultant producer is credited with maintaining Scott & Baileys "rigorous authenticity". According to Jessamy Calkin of The Telegraph, "the attention to detail is more extreme on this series, say many of the crew, than others they have worked on". During the filming of Unforgiven in 2008 (written by Wainwright and also starring Suranne Jones), Wainwright was told to meet Taylor by Grant Montgomery, the show's designer. After meeting, the production was given the green light by ITV and the script was largely re-written, with Wainwright commenting: "I wasn't writing a single line of dialogue that Diane hadn't influenced". Wainwright is responsible for writing the majority of episodes.

Amelia Bullmore, who plays Gill Murray, wrote three episodes; Wainwright had wanted to get other writers involved in the process. For her first episode as writer, "Bullmore was given a brief – that everything must be from Scott and Bailey's point of view – and she was given a murder". Though she had been a professional writer for almost two decades, Scott and Bailey marked the first instance of Bullmore writing and starring in the same production. Due to Wainwright's increased workload on her other drama series Last Tango in Halifax and Happy Valley, Bullmore was chosen to be the head writer for Scott and Baileys fourth series in 2014. She was joined on the writing team by Lee Warburton, who wrote two episodes of the fourth series. and returned to write Scott & Bailey's fifth series in 2015.

The directing of Scott & Bailey is undertaken in a method whereby "each director directs a 'block' of two or three episodes, dictated by the schedule – when each episode has finished shooting, the director goes into the edit and a new director takes over for the next block", according to Calkin. The most prolific director of Scott & Bailey is Morag Fullerton, who directed seven episodes.

Casting
Jones, who had always envisaged herself playing Rachel Bailey when the idea of the project came in to mind, was given the role, though at the programme's pre-production stages the character had a different first name, Cathy. It was originally intended that Lindsay would star with Jones in Scott & Bailey, but she became pregnant with twins, so the role of Janet was given to Lesley Sharp instead; Lindsay received the smaller role of Rachel's sister, Alison. Lindsay approved of Sharp playing the role; Jones also felt pleased at the prospect of working with Sharp, saying "I was really excited on the day of the read-through". Regarding the casting of her husband Nicholas Gleaves as Scott's lover DS Andy Roper, Sharp stated that it was not a contributing factor in his casting, stating: "Nick's an actor and I'm an actress — we don't have the same agent. There's a script with a role in it that was right for him and it so happened that there was a role that was right for me and we both got cast, but it wasn't a conversation that we had that it would be a good idea if we did a television series together because that's not the way life works".

Both Rachel and Janet are Detective Constables in the Major Incident Team of the fictional Manchester Metropolitan Police Service, with the team headed by DCI Gill Murray (Amelia Bullmore), who is loosely based on Diane Taylor. Producers were undecided on what age DCI Murray would be, but had originally pictured an actress older than Bullmore. After auditioning, Bullmore returned a month later, intent on playing Murray "tough", however, when meeting casting director Beverley Keogh in the toilets beforehand, Bullmore recounted that Keogh said to her: "That's not what we've got you back for. We were interested in seeing a warmer side".

Danny Miller joined the cast as series regular Rob Waddington in series 3 and Tracie Bennett also appeared in the third series as DC Bailey's estranged mother, Sharon. In a continuing story arc for the third series, Nicola Walker was cast in the role of Helen Bartlett, a character driven to emotional instability by past events unearthed by the Manchester Metropolitan Police. In preparation for the role Walker visited a psychologist in order to build upon her characterisation.

Filming

Principal photography for the first series took place in a twelve-week window from November 2010 onwards, it was reported by Female First. The series was filmed on location in and around Greater Manchester. Jones mentioned that "On the first day of filming [she and Sharp] were stuck in a car on the moors". Oldham was another location chosen for filming, with local press reporting that Beal Lane in Shaw was used for filming. The Oldham Evening Chronicle supplied specially mocked-up newspapers to be used as props in filming. Other locations such as Manchester Crown Court were used for filming. The Major Incident Team's headquarters for the first three series were filmed in an old Barclays branch on Silver Street, Bury. The filming location used the team's new station, the fictional Oldham Road police station, took place at former Greater Manchester Police Grey Mare Lane police station in Beswick. A local mortuary was also used for filming scenes. The programme was also granted permission to film in HM Prison Risley in Cheshire, where locations manager James Muirhead and a crew of 35 filmed for a day.

When discussing the filming of Scott & Bailey, Jones said "I can't pretend it wasn't a tough shoot, both emotionally and physically, because it was", before adding that on the last day of filming she had to shoot a gruelling scene involving her chasing a suspect from a crime scene, while Sharp and Bullmore "were having massages and facials ready for the wrap party".

When Scott & Bailey was recommissioned for a second series it was announced that production on the series would commence at the end of October 2011, to be aired in 2012. In November it was reported that while filming on Hamilton Road, Whitefield—the set of DC Scott's home—that an emergency call was made after a member of the television crew, a lighting technician, became stranded on top of a "cherry-picker style platform" 12 metres (39 ft) above the ground. Fearing the mechanism could fail and cause the crew member to fall to the ground, they sought assistance from firefighters, who safely brought the technician to the ground.

Filming for series 3 began in November 2012, with an airing date scheduled for May 2013. As the fourth series had a different air date (its television broadcast began in September, unlike May for the three previous series) it became the first series not to be filmed in the winter months. A longer break in production between series 3 and 4 was the reason that the fourth series was instead filmed in summer.

Home media

Region 1 (U.S. and Canada)
Scott & Bailey: Season 1, 279 (270 + 9 bonus) minutes; 17 June 2014
Scott & Bailey: Season 2, 370 (359 + 11bonus) minutes; 16 September 2014
Scott & Bailey: Season 3, 382 (364 + 15 bonus) minutes; 6 October 2015
Scott & Bailey: Season 4, 359 (363 + 17 bonus) minutes; 15 March 2016
Scott & Bailey: Season 5, 130/135 (135 + 0 bonus) minutes; 11 October 2016

Reception

Critical reception

Debuting to strong viewing figures and with a fairly positive critical reception, Scott & Bailey ran from 29 May 2011 until 3 July over the course of six episodes. The second series premiered 12 March 2012 and consisted of eight episodes. A third series was announced 28 May 2012, began filming November 2012, and premiered on 3 April 2013. In August 2013, it was announced that a fourth series had been commissioned, with production set to begin in the spring of 2014. With filming several months earlier in the year, series 4 began broadcasting on ITV on 10 September 2014 and finished on 29 October 2014. On 31 July 2015, ITV renewed Scott & Bailey for a three-part fifth series.
Scott & Bailey has received generally good reviews thus far. Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent remarked that although it was a "less-than-courageous decision" for ITV to commission a detective drama for Sunday nights, Scott & Bailey had "genuine signs of life in the thing". Sam Wollaston of The Guardian, however, questioned the plausibility of the idea that the character of Rachel would not realise her partner of two years was already married, considering she was a detective, and described the series as "Lewis with skirts on". However, Grace Dent, also of The Guardian, described it as "of great televisual comfort". Alexandra Heminsley, another writer for The Guardian, described it as "a genuinely gripping crime series" and added: "what about a second series?" Euan Ferguson of The Observer stated that it was "actually rather gripping". Horatia Harrod, reviewing the third series for The Daily Telegraph, praised the programme's script and its likeness to reality in portraying the professional conduct of modern policing, stating: "this is a beautifully engineered programme: it's both pleasingly sudsy and deliciously grisly, but manages to transcend both the soap and detective genres [...] Somehow Sally Wainwright, the show's creator and writer, has made the traditionally dull quality of professional competence seem positively thrilling".

John Preston of The Daily Telegraph gave a mixed review: though he commended the acting of Sharp and Jones, he stated that "it badly needs some shape and tension". The Metro took a decidedly critical stance, with its reviews getting progressively worse with each new episode; first describing it as "comforting but could have been so much better", then later quipping that "Scott & Bailey will never be compelling TV", and that the programme was "a mediocre crime drama amidst a saturated market of mediocre crime dramas".

One of the more persistent criticisms of the show (especially its first two series) has been its indifferent or decidedly negative depiction of male characters. Dianne Butler, who reviewed the programme upon its airing in Australia, made a similar point, questioning the relevance of the show's male characters: "there are some men in this but they're fairly incidental". The Guardians John Crace expressed his belief that most of the programme's male characters are deficient in some way, writing: "surely it must be possible to make a show with women lead characters without having to make every male a complete dork? From Janet's useless husband and Rachel's idiot brother who can't boil an egg without burning down the kitchen".

The performances of Amelia Bullmore and Nicola Walker in the Series 3 finale were highly praised. Julia Raeside of The Guardian commented that both "give an incredible acting masterclass that will take your breath away. Truly gripping and the jewel in ITV's increasingly impressive drama crown. Splendid stuff." The series was nominated for the BAFTA TV award for Best Drama Series in both 2012 and 2013.

Television ratings

Since Scott & Baileys debut it has fared well in the ratings. The programme's closest rival was a broadcast of the film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, which received 20.9% of the audience share. Scott and Bailey aired as the follow-on programme from Britain's Got Talent, which had received 9.86 million viewers and a 40.4% audience share in its timeslot.

The Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB) later released consolidated information stating that the first episode had received 8.31 million viewers on ITV, with a further 801,000 tuning in on ITV HD, and 310,000 on ITV1+1, totalling the viewing figures to 9.42 for the first episode. The episode was 2011's fourth highest-rating drama broadcast, as well as the highest-rating broadcast for a new drama. By episode two it was reported that Scott & Bailey has dropped nearly 1.8 million viewers from episode one, with overnight figures suggesting 6.14 million (23.6%) tuned in, though it was still the number one rated programme in its timeslot. The programme continued to outperform its competitors in its timeslot until its end, beating competition including BBC One dramas Case Histories and Stolen.

Novel
Random House published a novel based on the characters of Scott & Bailey in 2012.

Notes

References

External links

2010s British drama television series
2010s British police procedural television series
2011 British television series debuts
2016 British television series endings
British detective television series
English-language television shows
Fictional duos
ITV television dramas
Television duos
Television series by Red Production Company
Television series created by Sally Wainwright
Television shows set in Manchester
Television shows shot in Manchester

Scott & Bailey


Stenoptilia mengeli is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Greenland and Nunavut, Canada.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The head, palpi, thorax, abdomen and legs are dark ashy grey. A fine white line occurs over each eye. The forewings are ashy grey and glistening. There are a few dark fuscous scales on the first lobe, forming an ill-defined longitudinal stripe on the middle. There is also a fuscous spot at the end of the cleft and a less distinct one on the middle of the cell. The hindwings are ashy grey.

References

Moths described in 1898
mengeli
Moths of North America

Stenoptilia mengeli


Kleine Zeitung (, Small Newspaper) is an Austrian newspaper based in Graz and Klagenfurt. As the largest regional newspaper in Austria, covering the federal states Styria and Carinthia with East Tyrol, the paper has around 800,000 readers.

History and profile
Kleine Zeitung was founded in 1904 by the Katholischer Preßverein (Catholic Press Association). The first issue was published on Tuesday, 22 November 1904. The paper is based in Graz as well as in Klagenfurt. From its inception, it was designed as a paper to be read by the masses, covering general and regional news topics at a reasonable cost. The paper is owned by the Styria Media Group, which also owns the daily newspaper Die Presse. Kleine Zeitung is published in the half Berlin format.

Kleine Zeitung has a center-right political leaning. Fritz Csoklich served as the editor-in-chief of the paper for thirty years until 1994.

Kleine Zeitung is the recipient of the 2005 European Newspaper Award in the category of regional newspaper.

Circulation
The circulation of Kleine Zeitung was 293,000 copies in 2001. It was the second best selling newspaper in Austria with a circulation of 295,000 copies in 2002. In 2003 it was again the second best selling newspaper in the country with a circulation of 298,000 copies. The paper had a circulation of 292,000 copies in 2004. During the third quarter of 2005 its circulation was 264,253 copies.

In 2007 Kleine Zeitung sold 306,000 copies. The paper had a circulation of 308,819 copies in 2008 and was the third most read paper in the country. Its circulation was 311,245 copies in 2009 and 313,094 copies in 2010. The paper had a circulation of 280,983 copies in 2011. Its average circulation was 347,000 copies in 2013.

References

External links
Kleine Zeitung (in German)

1904 establishments in Austria
Daily newspapers published in Austria
German-language newspapers published in Austria
Mass media in Graz
Mass media in Klagenfurt
Newspapers established in 1904
Conservatism in Austria

Kleine Zeitung


(born December 8, 1963) is a Japanese semi-retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), whom he worked for from his debut in 1982 up until 2008. In All Japan Pro Wrestling, he was a 5 time Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion, a 9 time World Tag Team Champion, three time winner of the Real World Tag League and a two time winner of the Champion Carnival. He was also recognised as the ace of the promotion from 2000 to 2005.

Known by fans and his contemporaries as , he is widely considered one of the greatest wrestlers of all time. His matches against Mitsuharu Misawa, Jun Akiyama, and Kenta Kobashi in the 1990s are argued by many fans and experts in the industry as some of the greatest professional wrestling matches of all time. He is known for his extremely stiff wrestling style and martial arts strikes, which earned his nickname. He also has the distinction of having competed in 17 matches that were given a perfect 5-star rating and one match which received a 6-star rating by Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter, and three Tokyo Sports Match of the Year awards, which too brought him the distinction of being nicknamed the .

Professional wrestling career

All Japan Pro Wrestling (1982–2005)

Early years (1982–1987)
Kawada was very active during his high school years in amateur wrestling, becoming a national champion in his senior year after defeating Keiichi Yamada (who later became Jyushin Thunder Liger in professional wrestling) in the finals. Kawada attended the Ashikaga University High school, which happened to be the same high school as Misawa, who was one year Kawada's senior. Towards the end of Kawada's last year of junior high school, he had made an introductory test at the New Japan Pro-Wrestling dojo, however his mother told him that it would be better for him if he graduated from high school, before beginning his pro wrestling career. Thus when Kawada was about to meet the end of his high school days, his close friend Mitsuharu Misawa who had already been recruited in the All Japan Pro Wrestling dojo, a year prior, advised Kawada to try out for the rival company, AJPW instead. Making his professional debut against Hiromichi Fuyuki on the 4th of October, 1982.Kawada was then sent to North America for a year in November 1985, where he gained experience as a professional wrestler in Fred Behrend's Texas All-Star Wrestling (San Antonio, Texas), Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling (in Calgary) and Frank Valois' International Wrestling (in Montreal); despite having no Korean heritage, Kawada was billed as "Kio Kawata" from Seoul, South Korea in Stampede Wrestling for a very short time around June 1986. Reportedly unhappy with his time overseas, Kawada has rarely spoken about his experiences in America in subsequent years.

Revolution and Footloose (1987–1990)
His first major break came in 1987 when he joined his mentor Genichiro Tenryu's Revolution group. Kawada was paired with Hiromichi Fuyuki, forming a tag team known as "Footloose". The duo held the All Asia Tag Team Championship on three occasions between March 9, 1988 and October 20, 1989; their standout rivalries were against Shunji Takano and Shinichi Nakano, as well as against the Can-Am Express (Dan Kroffat and Doug Furnas). When Revolution stable mate Ashura Hara was expelled from All Japan in 1988 for gambling debts, Kawada was promoted to team with Tenryu in that year's World's Strongest Tag Determination League, losing a memorable final match to Stan Hansen and Terry Gordy.

Super Generation Army (1990–1993)
In the summer of 1990, after Tenryu and a number of other All Japan wrestlers had left the promotion to join Tenryu's newly formed Super World of Sports, Kawada became Mitsuharu Misawa's main partner in the Jumbo Tsuruta vs Misawa & Co. feud, pitting Tsuruta's "Tsuruta-Gun" against Misawa's "Super Generation Army". As part of the feud, Kawada began a heated rivalry with Tsuruta's main partner Akira Taue, stemming over Taue defecting to Tsuruta's side. Misawa and Kawada would win the World Tag Team Championship twice, as well as the 1992 World's Strongest Tag Determination League. He earned his first Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship opportunity on October 24, 1991, unsuccessfully challenging Tsuruta, and was also turned back in the following year in Triple Crown challenges to Stan Hansen (June 5, 1992) and Misawa (October 21, 1992); the match with Hansen was named Match of the Year by Tokyo Sports, and finished second behind the Misawa match in Weekly Pro Wrestling's year end fan poll for Match of the Year.

Holy Demon Army and main event push (1993–1995)
In early 1993, after it became apparent that Tsuruta's days as a competitive wrestler were over, All Japan promoter Giant Baba asked Kawada to form a tag team with his rival Akira Taue. Kawada agreed, signalling the end of his alliance with Misawa. Kawada and Taue went to a draw in the 1993 Champion Carnival and ended their feud with a handshake. In their first title match as a team, Kawada and Taue, named "The Holy Demon Army", defeated World Tag Team Champions Terry Gordy and Steve Williams. Shortly afterward, they successfully defended the title against Misawa and Kenta Kobashi on June 1, 1993, in a match that Baba (at the time) regarded as the greatest match he'd ever seen; it was the first of nine legendary matches between the sides, and Kawada would hold the World Tag Team Championship with Taue six times.

Kawada's greatest achievement to that point came when he won the 1994 Champion Carnival by defeating Steve Williams on April 16. Kawada followed by losing his third straight Triple Crown challenge against Mitsuharu Misawa in the June 3, 1994. Their 36-minute bout was highly acclaimed by journalists and magazines, being called the greatest match of the decade in later years. After Williams lifted the Triple Crown from Misawa, Kawada defeated Williams on October 22, 1994; his title reign lasted one successful defense, as he went to a one-hour draw with Kenta Kobashi in Osaka on January 19; it has been called the greatest one hour match in pro wrestling history by Wrestling Observer's Dave Meltzer. Stan Hansen ended Kawada's Triple Crown reign on March 4, 1995. Kawada pinned Misawa for the first time on June 9, 1995, when he teamed with Taue to face Misawa and Kobashi, but Misawa and Kobashi came back to defeat them in the Tag League Final in the last straight tag meeting of the two teams.

All-Japan Ace (1996–2005)

Kawada spent much of 1996 in Giant Baba's doghouse for publicly questioning All Japan's isolationist promotional policy at a time when rival New Japan drew record business running interpromotional matches; he watched Taue and Kobashi win the Triple Crown in the place of what looked to be the time for "his push". Kawada worked one interpromotional match on a major UWFi show, but All Japan chose not to follow up on either a promotional feud with UWFi nor on the sudden attention Kawada drew. He was allowed out of the doghouse in time for Kawada & Taue to break through in 1996 to win the World's Strongest Tag Determination League for the first time, beating Misawa and Jun Akiyama. Kawada pinned Misawa for the first time in a singles match in the 1997 Carnival Finals mini-round robin, then followed up to pin Kobashi the same night to win the Carnival championship for the second time; neither win had quite the impact one would expect given the results. Kawada and Taue would take their second straight World Tag League championship to close out year that saw both spend much of it in the shadows of Misawa and Kobashi. The crowning moment of Kawada's career came on May 1, 1998, as he pinned Misawa for the second time to win the Triple Crown at All Japan's first Tokyo Dome show AJPW 25th Anniversary. However, he was promptly defeated by Kobashi on June 12, 1998, in his first title defense. After receiving little singles push over the last half of 1998, Kawada was given (with no build up) a Triple Crown match against Misawa on January 22, 1999; in something of a surprise, Kawada took his second straight Triple Crown match against Misawa to win with title for the third time. However, he broke his arm during the match and vacated the title the following day. Kawada returned in May 1999, but would revert to the sidelines due to an eye injury in August. He did not return until January 2000, but suffered high-profile losses to Kobashi, Vader, and Misawa. In June 2000, Kawada and Taue won the World Tag Team Championship for the sixth time, breaking a record they shared with not only Jumbo Tsuruta and Yoshiaki Yatsu, but Terry Gordy and Steve Williams as well.

Following the June 2000 series, Misawa and all but two native talent in All Japan resigned from their positions and defected to the newly formed Pro Wrestling Noah promotion; Toshiaki Kawada and Masanobu Fuchi were the only two native talent to stay with All Japan Pro Wrestling. With the promotion gutted of top talent, Kawada's old mentor Genichiro Tenryu was brought back and an interpromotional agreement was struck with New Japan; the first key match against New Japan saw Kawada defeat IWGP Heavyweight Champion Kensuke Sasaki on October 9, 2000, in a non-title match. On September 6, 2003, he won the Triple Crown for the fifth time in a tournament final against Shinjiro Ohtani. This time, however, Kawada embarked on a magnificent reign with 10 successful title defenses against the likes of Genichiro Tenryu, Shinya Hashimoto, Jamal, Taiyō Kea, Kensuke Sasaki and Hiroyoshi Tenzan; as a result, Kawada broke Misawa's record of 8 defenses during Misawa's third reign. In addition, 2004 became only the second year when the Triple Crown did not change hands (the first was 1993, during Misawa's first reign), which included a successful defense against Mick Foley in the HUSTLE promotion; in Misawa's era, the title was not defended during the Champion Carnival and World's Strongest Tag Determination League tours, which were dedicated to their namesake tournaments. Kawada's reign restored dignity to the Triple Crown at the expense of the said tournaments.

Freelance (2005–2010)
After losing the titles to Satoshi Kojima on February 16, 2005, Kawada signed a contract with Dream Stage Entertainment, the parent company of PRIDE Fighting Championships. Kawada made the sports entertainment based HUSTLE promotion his new home, and immediately turned heel in 2005; he turned his back on his young student Taichi Ishikari and friends Shinjiro Ohtani and Naoya Ogawa of the HUSTLE Army to join the dastardly Monster Army, led by Generalissimo Takada and swimsuit model Yinling the Erotic Terrorist. Due to the way Kawada's contract with DSE was structured, he was free to work where he pleased (including New Japan Pro-Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, and other various independent groups). However, when All Japan reopened relations with FEG to begin running WRESTLE-1 shows again in 2005 with the parent company of PRIDE's biggest competitor in Japan (that being the K-1 fighting group, run by FEG), DSE requested that Kawada not work for All Japan any longer because of the conflict of interest. On July 18, 2005, at the Tokyo Dome, Kawada wrestled one final 27-minute classic against his old rival Mitsuharu Misawa.

In July 2006, All Japan officially ended their relationship with FEG. Kawada immediately expressed interest to work in his home promotion once again, and finally made his long-awaited return on July 30, 2006, defeating D'Lo Brown. Following his win of the Triple Crown on 3 July 2006, Taiyo Kea named Kawada as the first challenger for the title, and the match was held at the inaugural Pro Wrestling Love in Ryogoku event on 27 August. However, Kawada was unsuccessful, falling to his own finishing maneuver (the powerbomb). Kawada continued to compete in both All-Japan and HUSTLE, as well as defeating Shinsuke Nakamura at the All-Japan/New Japan "Wrestle Kingdom" supershow on January 4, 2007, with a running kick to the face. At Pro Wrestling Love in Ryogoku, Vol. 2 (on February 17, 2007), Toshiaki Kawada and Taiyo Kea defeated RO'Z and Suwama for the World Tag Team Championship; this win gives Kawada his ninth reign with the championship, as well as Kea's 5th reign. During March 26–30, 2007, Toshiaki Kawada competed in the year's Champion Carnival tournament, going all the way to the finals where he fell to Keiji Mutoh; Kawada finished the tournament with 5 points (2 wins, 2 losses and 1 draw). During the Hold Out Tour on April 22, 2007, Toshiaki Kawada lost to Vampiro, after the Great Muta had interfered and sprayed mist in Kawada's eyes. Muta and Vampiro later challenged Kea and Kawada for the World Tag Team Championship at Pro Wrestling Love in Nagoya (on April 30), but Kawada and Kea were successful in their defense of the belts.  On June 24, 2007, Satoshi Kojima turned his back on All-Japan Pro Wrestling and aligned himself with All-Japan's nemesis, the Voodoo Murders group; this angered Kawada, who had left Kojima to lead All-Japan when he lost the Triple Crown in 2005. On August 26, 2007, at Pro Wrestling Love in Ryogoku, Vol. 3, Kawada and Kea lost the World Tag Team Championship to Satoshi Kojima and TARU. On September 16, following the conclusion of the opening show for the 2007 Flashing Tour, Kawada issued a challenge to Kensuke Sasaki for the Triple Crown Championship; Sasaki accepted, and Kawada challenged for the title at All-Japan's 35th Anniversary Pro Wrestling Love in Yoyogi show on October 18, 2007. Kawada also teamed with Ryuji Hijikata to challenge Sasaki and Katsuhiko Nakajima on September 29, 2007, at the final show of the Flashing Tour. Kawada competed in Block A of the 2008 Champion Carnival in April, where he most notably wrestled Hiroshi Tanahashi to a draw, and pinned Keiji Muto in what would be his final All Japan match on April 9, 2008.

On October 3, 2009, at the Mitsuharu Misawa memorial show, Kawada and Akira Taue reunited the Holy Demon Army for one night and defeated Jun Akiyama and KENTA. Three weeks later, he defeated Masato Tanaka to win the Zero1 World Heavyweight Championship. Kawada returned to NOAH in late February 28, 2010, trading victories with Takeshi Morishima. Two weeks Later, Kawada would be announced as a part of NOAH's inaugural Global League. On April 11 he lost the World Heavyweight Championship to Kohei Sato. In the Global League, he earned second place in his group and thus did not compete in the final.

On August 15 he participated in the last card of New Japan's G1 Climax tournament for the year, teaming with mentor Tenryu and Tiger Mask to defeat Riki Choshu, Junji Hirata and Akira Nogami. This turned out to be the last match Kawada has wrestled to date. Although at the time, Kawada had not announced a formal retirement, he admitted that the death of his rival Misawa in 2009 diminished his passion for the sport. In 2013, he attended Kenta Kobashi's own retirement ceremony and greeted his also former rival; however, he refused to participate in Akira Taue's retirement match later in the year, although he similarly attended the ceremony and greeted Taue.

Personal life
Outside of professional wrestling, he has owned and managed a ramen shop in Tokyo entitled "Men-gerous K".

Championships and accomplishments
 All Japan Pro Wrestling
 All Asia Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Samson Fuyuki
 Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship (5 times)
 World Tag Team Championship (9 times) – with Akira Taue (6), Mitsuharu Misawa (2) and Taiyō Kea (1)
 Champion Carnival (1994, 1997)
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1992) – with Mitsuharu Misawa
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League (1996, 1997) – with Akira Taue
 Asunaro Cup (1989)
 Autumn Festival Tag Team Tournament (2004) – with Taichi Ishikari
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Newcomer & Fair Play Award (1989) – with Samson Fuyuki
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Fighting Spirit Award (1990) – with Mitsuharu Misawa
 World's Strongest Tag Determination League Skill Award (1991) – with Mitsuharu Misawa
 Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship Tournament (2003)
 World Tag Team Championship Tournament (2000) – with Akira Taue
 HUSTLE
 GP Tournament (2008)
 New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 Singles Best Bout (2000)
Nikkan Sports
Match of the Year (2000)
 Pro Wrestling Zero1
 World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 6 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2004
 Ranked No. 42 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI Years" in 2003
Ranked No. 8 of the top 100 tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Akira Taue
Ranked No. 11 of the top 100 tag team of the "PWI Years" with Mitsuharu Misawa
Ranked No. 69 of the top 100 tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Samson Fuyuki
 Tokyo Sports
 Outstanding Performance Award (2004)
 Fighting Spirit Award (1994, 2000)
 Tag Team of the Year (1991) with Mitsuharu Misawa
 Tag Team of the Year (1997) with Akira Taue
 Match of the Year (1992) vs. Stan Hansen on June 5, 1992
 Match of the Year (1995) with Akira Taue vs. Mitsuharu Misawa and Kenta Kobashi on June 9, 1995
 Match of the Year (2000) vs. Kensuke Sasaki on October 9, 2000
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Tag Team of the Year (1991) with Mitsuharu Misawa
 Wrestler of the Year (1994)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1997)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2022) with Akira Taue

References

External links
 Toshiaki Kawada Profile at Ohta Production
 Profile at Shining Road
 Profile at the Other Arena

1963 births
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Tochigi Prefecture
Stampede Wrestling alumni
All Asia Tag Team Champions
World Tag Team Champions (AJPW)
Triple Crown Heavyweight Champions

Toshiaki Kawada


Evelyn Holt (born Edith Toni Elsbeth Wenckens; 3 October 1908 – 22 February 2001) was a German actress.

Biography
The daughter of a journalist, she began her film career at UFA. She quickly advanced to starring roles alongside Gustav Fröhlich and Hans Albers. After singing lessons, she was committed in 1931 as a soubrette at the Grosses Schauspielhaus in Berlin.
However, the Nazi takeover ended her film career after six successful years, since she was allegedly half-Jewish. Holt was prohibited from appearing in films. She still enjoyed engagements as a soubrette at the Komische Oper in Berlin. When Jewish publisher Felix Guggenheim (1904-1976) married her in 1936, it was no longer possible. In 1938 the couple emigrated first to Switzerland, then in 1940 to England, and later to the United States. There Guggenheim was exile publisher of authors such as Thomas Mann, Franz Werfel, Lion Feuchtwanger, and Alfred Doblin.
Evelyn Holt remained until the end of her life in the U.S. and never returned to movies.

Selected filmography
 Lace (1926)
 Orphan of Lowood (1926)
 Flirtation (1927)
 Die elf Teufel (1927)
 The Eighteen Year Old (1927)
 The Gallant Hussar (1928)
 Fair Game (1928)
 Marriage in Trouble (1929)
 Crucified Girl (1929)
 The Three Kings (1929)
 The Man with the Frog (1929)
 The Veil Dancer (1929)
 Marriage in Name Only (1930)
 The Right to Love (1930)
 Ash Wednesday (1931)
 One Hour of Happiness (1931)
 The Scoundrel (1931)
 Three from the Unemployment Office (1932)
 Contest (1932)

Bibliography
 Prawer, S.S. Between Two Worlds: The Jewish Presence in German and Austrian Film, 1910-1933. Berghahn Books, 2007.

External links

1908 births
2001 deaths
German film actresses
German silent film actresses
Actresses from Berlin
20th-century German actresses
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States

Evelyn Holt


Dagens Eko ("Echo of the day") – often shortened to Ekot ("The echo") – is the news service of Swedish national radio broadcaster Sveriges Radio. It provides news bulletins of variable length which are known as Ekonyheter ("Echo news") and broadcast at the top of most hours on the P1 and P4 networks. Those on P4 are supplemented by local news reports.

On P1 there are extra bulletins on the half-hour at 5.30–8.30 on weekdays as part of the nearly 4-hour-long morning news magazine P1-morgon. P1 also carries longer news programmes at 12.30 (Luncheko, concluding with a press review), 15.45 (weekdays only), 16.45, and 17.45. The 16.45 edition (Dagens Eko kvart i fem) is Sweden's most listened-to radio news programme claiming a daily audience of around two million.

Dagens Eko made its first broadcast on 1 October 1937. The service was developed by the broadcaster Carl-Åke Wadsten who was inspired by visits he had made earlier in the year to study news broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Germany – the name Dagens Eko is a direct translation of the German Echo des Tages.

The Dagens Eko signature chimes
The three-note signal on chimes which introduces and closes each edition of Dagens Eko closely resembles that first broadcast by American station WSB in the 1920s.

References

External links
Sveriges Radio - Ekot, official website

Swedish radio programs
Sveriges Radio programmes
News radio programs
1937 radio programme debuts
1937 establishments in Sweden

Dagens Eko


Samuel Decius Hubbard (September 23, 1833June 14, 1910) was an American farmer, livestock dealer, and politician who served four discontinuous terms over three decades as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He also served as a Union Army officer during the American Civil War.

Background
Hubbard was born in Paris, in Oneida County, New York on September 23, 1833. He received an academic education and attended Hamilton College. and became a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity; at that time his residence was in Sauquoit. He became a farmer by trade. Hubbard came to Wisconsin in 1859, and initially settled in Scott in Sheboygan County.

In Wisconsin; Assembly and Civil War
In years to come Hubbard held various local offices and was a member and chairman of various town and county boards for a number of years. On June 11, 1861 he married Electa Jane Robinson. He was first elected to the Assembly for the 3rd Sheboygan County district (now reduced after a redistricting to the Towns of Abbott, Holland, Mitchell and Scott) in 1861, as a "Union Independent", succeeding Republican William F. Mitchell; and was assigned to the standing committee on enrolled bills.

He enlisted as a private in the 27th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment on August 11, 1862 (after the legislative session ended), and was commissioned as a captain on September 1; his Assembly seat was taken by Democrat Henry Hayes. Hubbard participated in the sieges of Vicksburg and Little Rock before being assigned to recruiting service in December 1863; he was discharged in April, 1864. In 1868 he moved to Lyndon, and took up dealing in livestock as well as farming.

Return to civilian life
He was elected to the Assembly in 1873 from the 2nd Sheboygan County district (Towns of Greenbush, Lyndon, Mitchell, Plymouth, Rhine and Russell) as a candidate of the Reform Party (a short-lived coalition of Democrats, reform and Liberal Republicans, and Grangers formed in 1873, which secured the election of a Governor of Wisconsin and a number of state legislators) with 766 votes to 571 for regular Republican S. D. Putnam. He was assigned to the committees on incorporations and legislative expenditures, chairing the latter. He was not a candidate for re-election, and was succeeded by fellow Reform Party candidate Patrick Geraghty.

Hubbard served as a deputy warden at the state prison in 1874. In 1876, serving as chairman of his county board of supervisors, Hubbard was elected once again to the Assembly in 1876 as a Liberal Republican, with 1,254 votes to 1,104 for Republican incumbent Nathaniel Farnsworth; he was assigned to the committee on federal relations. By this time, he listed himself simply as a "farmer" with no mention of dealing in livestock.

He moved to Mondovi in Buffalo County in 1878, and was elected a fourth time to the Assembly in 1884 for Buffalo County as a Republican, with 1,604 votes to 1,177 for Democratic former Assemblyman George Cowie. (Republican incumbent John Tester was not a candidate.) He was not a candidate for re-election in 1886, and was succeeded by Republican Joseph Vernon Jones.

As of October 1, 1907, he was still listed as an active member of Delta Kappa Epsilon. He was an active member of the Knights of Pythias fraternal order, eventually serving as Grand Chancellor of that organization's Wisconsin body in 1888-1889. He died June 14, 1910; his grave is in Oak Park Cemetery in Mondovi.

References

External links

1833 births
1910 deaths
County supervisors in Wisconsin
Farmers from Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
People from Mondovi, Wisconsin
People from Paris, New York
People from Sauquoit, New York
People from Lyndon, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
Union Army soldiers
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin Reformers (19th century)
Wisconsin Republicans
19th-century American politicians
Burials in Wisconsin
People from Scott, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin

Samuel Decius Hubbard


ANZAC Peace Park is a park in Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. It is located at the foot of the hill where York Street meets Princess Royal Drive.

The park opened in 2010, and it is designated to commemorate the departure to the war front of soldiers who served in the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) during World War I.

Features
Features found within the park include: a memorial wall, pier of remembrance, interpretive signage, lighting, landscaping, pathways and seating. A small area of garden named Lone Pine Grove has been planted with Aleppo Pines, the same tree as found on Lone Pine ridge in Gallipoli providing a living connection between Albany and Gallpoli. Situated adjacent to Princess Royal Harbour at the bottom of York Street the park is an open area containing the various features to commemorate the departure of soldiers who fought in World War I.

In 2014 the park was the focal point of the centenary, or 100th anniversary of the departure of the ANZAC troops for World War I. For many of the troops Albany would have been the last they saw of their homeland. A commemorative service was held in the park, attended by 60,000 people with dignitaries such as the Australian Prime Minister, Tony Abbott, and the New Zealand Prime Minister, John Key, who both gave addresses as part of the ceremony.

History and creation
The park was officially opened in 2010 and hosted its first Anzac Day later the same year.

The Peace Park is part of the 110 million Albany Waterfront Development managed by LandCorp that also included the Albany Entertainment Centre and marina. The Western Australian Premier, Colin Barnett, announced in 2009 that the state government would provide 433,000 funding for the Peace Park. The total cost of the park was 4.5 million.

References

Albany, Western Australia
ANZAC (Australia)
Parks in Western Australia
Peace parks

ANZAC Peace Park


Jazz Jackrabbit 2 is a side-scrolling video game produced by Epic Games. It was released on April 13, 1998 for home computers, primarily Microsoft Windows and Mac OS. Jazz Jackrabbit 2 also features the ability to play against other players of the game through the internet. The game was released to generally positive reviews. Ir received a 77 out of 100 rating on the website "MobyGames."

Related pages
Jazz Jackrabbit

References

1998 video games

Jazz Jackrabbit 2


At the 2005 National Games of China, the athletics events were held at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Center in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China from 17 to 22 October 2005. A total of 46 events were contested, 24 by male and 22 by female athletes. The National Games marathon race was held before the main competition, as it was incorporated into that year's Beijing Marathon on 16 October.

Twenty-eight teams (representing regions or other bodies) reached the medal table, as did a number of individual athletes. Shandong topped the medal and points table with nine gold medals and twenty in total, while runner-up Jiangsu matched that haul but won seven golds. Shanxi took third in the medal table with five gold medals, although Guangdong and Liaoning placed third and fourth in the more comprehensive points table system.

The event was seen as a key step towards preparing China's athletes for the 2008 Summer Olympics. Xing Huina completed a double in the women's 5000 metres and 10,000 metres and would have had a third in the 1500 metres but she was disqualified for elbowing Liu Qing (who herself completed a double having won the 800 metres). The top two from the women's marathon – Sun Yingjie and Zhou Chunxiu – flew in from Beijing the day before the 10,000 m but still managed second and third place, respectively. The result did not stand, however, as Sun failed a drugs test for androsterone. Her test at the Beijing Marathon the previous day was negative but, in spite of a civil court ruling a rival athlete had spiked her drink, she was disqualified and banned for two years.

Liu Xiang, the 2004 Olympic champion in the 110 metres hurdles, was one of the biggest draws of the games and he beat Shi Dongpeng, winning the gold in a world-class time. Huang Xiaoxiao won golds in both the 400 metres dash and 400 metres hurdles, although hurdles silver medallist Wang Xing received as much as attention as she knocked three tenths of a second off the world junior record. Qin Wangping took a women's 100 metres/200 metres sprint double, beating Liu Li on both occasions. Two men broke senior records en route to victory: Meng Yan set Chinese record in the men's 400 m hurdles while Yu Chaohong set an Asian record in the men's 50 km race walk.

Records

Medal summary

Men

Women

Medal table

 † = Athletes competing without a team

References

Results
Medallists of athletics tournament at National Games. ChinaView (2005-10-22). Retrieved on 2010-08-14.
10th National Games, Nanjing Olympic Center Stadium. Tilas Topaja (2005-11-14). Retrieved on 2010-08-15.

External links
Games site at Xinhua

2005 National Games of China
2005
National Games of the People's Republic of China

Athletics at the 2005 National Games of China


Ondansetron, sold under the brand name Zofran among others, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery. It is also effective for treating gastroenteritis. It can be given orally (by mouth), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intravenously (injection into a vein).

Common side effects include diarrhea, constipation, headache, sleepiness, and itchiness. Serious side effects include QT prolongation and severe allergic reaction. It appears to be safe during pregnancy but has not been well studied in this group. It is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. It does not have any effect on dopamine receptors or muscarinic receptors.

Ondansetron was patented in 1984 and approved for medical use in 1990. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 83rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Ondansetron is indicated for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Pregnancy
Ondansetron is used off-label to treat morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum of pregnancy. It is typically used after other antinausea drugs have failed.

There appears to be a low risk of harm to the baby with use during pregnancy, though there may be an increase in heart problems among the babies.

Cyclic vomiting syndrome
Ondansetron is one of several antiemetic drugs used during the vomiting phase of cyclic vomiting syndrome.

Gastroenteritis
Trials in emergency department settings support the use of ondansetron to reduce vomiting associated with gastroenteritis and dehydration. A retrospective review found it was used commonly for this purpose, being administered in over 58% of cases. Its use reduced hospital admissions, but was also associated with higher rates of return visits to the emergency department. Furthermore, people who had initially received ondansetron were more likely to be admitted on the return visit than people who had not received the drug. However, this effect may simply be due to the agent being used more frequently in people who present with more severe illness. Its use was not found to mask serious diagnoses.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
In one study of patients with IBS-D variant ondansetron showed statistically significant effect on stool consistency and bloating. Nonetheless, it did not have any antinociceptive activity.

Special populations

Children
Ondansetron has rarely been studied in people under 4 years of age. As such, little data is available to guide dosage recommendations.

Three open non-comparative studies have been conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of ondansetron in children receiving a variety of chemotherapy regimens.

Ondansetron was well tolerated and none of the patients experienced extrapyramidal symptoms.

Adverse effects
Headache is the most common adverse effect. A review of use for post-operative nausea and vomiting found that for every 36 people treated, one would experience headache, which could be severe.

Constipation, diarrhea, and dizziness are other commonly reported side effects. It is broken down by the hepatic cytochrome P450 system and it has little effect on the metabolism of other drugs broken down by this system. Anecdotally, ototoxicity has also been reported if injected too quickly.

QT prolongation
Use of ondansetron has been associated with prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to a potentially fatal heart rhythm known as torsades de pointes. Although this may happen in any person with any formulation, the risk is most salient with the injectable (intravenous) form of the drug and increases with dose. The risk is also higher in people taking other medicines that prolong the QT interval, as well as in people with congenital long QT syndrome, congestive heart failure, and/or bradyarrhythmias. As such, single doses of injectable ondansetron should not exceed 16 mg at one time. (Oral dosing recommendations remain intact, including the recommendation of a single 24-mg oral dose when indicated.) Electrolyte imbalances should be corrected before the use of injectable ondansetron. People are cautioned to seek immediate medical care if symptoms such as irregular heartbeat/palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting occur while taking ondansetron.

Overdose
No specific treatment is available for ondansetron overdose; people are managed with supportive measures. An antidote to ondansetron is not known.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics
Ondansetron is a highly selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, with low affinity for dopamine receptors. The 5-HT3 receptors are present both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the area postrema in the medulla. Serotonin is released by the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine in response to chemotherapeutic agents and may stimulate vagal afferents (via 5-HT3 receptors) to initiate the vomiting reflex. It is thought that ondansetron's antiemetic action is mediated mostly via antagonism of vagal afferents with a minor contribution from antagonism of central receptors.

Pharmacokinetics
Ondansetron may have a degree of peripheral selectivity due to binding to P-glycoprotein and efflux out of the brain at the blood–brain barrier.

History

Ondansetron (marketed under the brand name Zofran) was developed in the mid-1980s by GlaxoSmithKline in London. It was granted US patent protection in September 1987, received a use patent June 1988, and was approved by the US FDA in January 1991. It was granted another divisional patent in November 1996. Finally, owing to GlaxoSmithKline's research on pediatric use, ondansetron's patent protection was extended until December 2006. By this final year of its patent (2006), Zofran had become the 20th highest-selling brand-name drug in the United States, with sales of US$1.3 billion in the first 9 months of 2006 (80% from the US). The first generic versions were approved by the US FDA in December 2006, with marketing approval granted to Teva Pharmaceuticals USA and SICOR Pharmaceuticals. In 2018, University of São Paulo and Biolab were granted a patent for an orodispersible form of the drug.

Society and culture

Publication bias
In 1997, ondansetron was the subject of a meta-analysis case study published in the British Medical Journal. Researchers examined 84 trials, with 11,980 people receiving ondansetron, published between 1991 and September 1996. Intravenous ondansetron 4 mg versus placebo was investigated in 16 reports and three further reports which had been duplicated a total of six times. The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent vomiting within 24 hours was 9.5, with 95% confidence interval 6.9 to 15, in the 16 nonduplicated reports. In the three duplicated reports, the NNT was significantly lower at 3.9 (3.3 to 4.8). When all 25 reports were combined, the apparent NNT improved to 4.9 (4.4 to 5.6). Inclusion of duplicate reports led to a 23% overestimation of ondansetron's antiemetic efficacy.

In addition, the authors found the covert duplication of reports on ondansetron was not easy to detect, because of lack of cross-referencing between papers, and reports containing duplicate findings were cited in eight reviews of the drug. Their analysis was a subject of an editorial in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1999.

Availability
Ondansetron is a generic drug and is available in many countries under many brand names.

References

Antiemetics
5-HT3 antagonists
Imidazoles
Ketones
Peripherally selective drugs
World Health Organization essential medicines
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate

Ondansetron


Pedroche is a municipality in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain. It is located at the centre of Los Pedroches comarca, the northernmost part of Córdoba and Andalusia.

Landmarks

Convent
The Convento de Nuestra Señora de la Concepción is a mudéjar building the year 500 b.c.

El Salvador (church)
Its construction is Catholic Monarchs, the stones of the Castle advantage previously demolished. Its clear structure can be seen Mudejar. It has three naves and can be classified among the religious monuments of the thirteenth century and fourteenth centuries, whose construction began after completion of the Reconquista by Fernando III. The head of the temple was built in the fifteenth century and was decorated with paintings of this era that can still be seen behind the Baroque altar. An original coffered ceiling in good condition, covers the central nave was made in the fifteenth century, all multicolored and beautiful execution. Striking is the small coffered ceiling over the Baptistery.

Renaissance Tower
Pedroche Tower national monument since 1979, is located on the highest part of town, next to the parish and Our Lady of the Castle. It is one of the most beautiful and graceful in Spain.

Using materials of the castle began construction of the tower, probably in 1520. From the second body, in 1544, the architect Hernán Ruiz the Younger took over management of the works, which he held until 1558. Architect known for transforming the minaret tower of the mosque in Cordoba and the Giralda bell tower. Juan de Ochoa finished the work by placing the barrel in 1588, apparently on the master designs.
The toweris composed four bodies, reachinga height of 56 meters. The first homer, the second octagonal bell tower is the third or square and the latter is cylindrical.

Ermita de la Virgen de Piedrasantas
It is located some kilometers of town and keep the Pedroche patron, the Piedrasantas Virgin. Built in the sixteenth century baroque stand it added in the eighteenth century. Inside are kept seven wooden benches with the names of the seven villages of Pedroches, whose representatives are gathered here to discuss issues common to the villas.

See also
Los Pedroches

References

External links
Pedroche en la Red
Solienses

Municipalities in the Province of Córdoba (Spain)

Pedroche


Paul Clayton Vitz (born August 27, 1935) is an American psychologist who is a Senior Scholar at Divine Mercy University in Sterling, Virginia. He is emeritus professor of psychology at New York University. His work focuses primarily on the relationship between psychology and Christianity.

Career

Paul Vitz was born on August 27, 1935, in Toledo, Ohio. He moved to Minneapolis, and later to Cincinnati, Ohio, which he considers his hometown. He was raised as a nominal Presbyterian. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a BA in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1957 and with a PhD in psychology from Stanford University in 1962.

From 1962 to 1964, Vitz taught at Pomona College. He held a post-doc at Stanford University, from 1964 to 1965. He was hired in the fall of 1965 as assistant professor in the psychology department of New York University. He received tenure there in the fall of 1972. His research was focused on perceptual and cognitive psychology, especially sequential pattern learning and visual form perception and preferred levels of stimulus complexity. Vitz also has an ongoing interest in psychology and art as shown in a co-authored work: "Modern Art and Modern Science: The Parallel Analysis of Vision", 1984. His interest in visual art has also focused on the two brain hemispheres and on a hierarchical model of image construction in visual perception.

His career changed markedly in the mid-seventies with his conversion from atheism to Christianity and later, in 1979, to Catholicism. His first book, "Psychology as Religion: The Cult of Self-Worship", 1977 (2nd ed., 1994), critiqued humanistic psychology (e.g. Rogers, Maslow) for its radical individualism, neglect of interpersonal relationships, and its assumption that self-actualization was the meaning of life for everyone. In the early 1980s Vitz was involved in the national controversy over neglect of religion, especially Christianity in public school textbooks.
He authored "Censorship: Evidence of bias in our children's textbooks", 1984. During this decade he also wrote articles on Christian approaches to the work of Sigmund Freud, resulting in his book "Sigmund Freud's Christian Unconscious", 1988. This book provides much historical and biographical evidence for Freud's deep and lifelong involvement with and ambivalence toward Christianity, especially Catholicism. It also shows that the significance of this concern with Christianity has been widely neglected and ignored by his biographers. Another interest of his at this time was moral development involving a critique of rational/cognitive approaches, e.g. Kohlberg, and an emphasis on stories. See
"The use of stories in moral development: New psychological reasons for an old education method", Amer. Psychologist, 1990. In the 1980s and especially in the 90's his work turned to personality theory and Christianity and to the psychological importance of fathers. The latter culminated in a book on what Vitz claims are the psychological factors which produce atheism, "Faith of the Fatherless: The Psychology of Atheism", 1999 and a 2nd ed. in 2013. He has made basic contributions as an editor to "A Catholic Christian Meta-Model of the Person", 2020 and to "The Complementarity of Women and Men", 2021.  He is presently working on the origin of human consciousness, the relevance of the soul for psychology, and on the consequences of analog and digital coding.

At New York University he was promoted to full Professor and he retired from there in 2003 as Professor Emeritus. He is now Senior Scholar/Professor in the Institute for the Psychological Sciences, Divine Mercy University.

Personal life
Vitz is married to Evelyn Birge Vitz, a Professor of French at New York University specializing in medieval studies and in the performance of medieval and other narrative works. They had six children and now twenty-three grandchildren.

Publications

Vitz, Paul C. (2017). The origin of consciousness in the integration of analog (right hemisphere) & digital (left hemisphere) codes.  Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research, 8(11), pp. 881–906.
Vitz, Paul C., Nordling W. J., & Titus, C.S. (Eds.) (2020).  A Catholic Christian Meta-Model of the Person: Integration with psychology and mental health practice. Sterling, VA: Divine Mercy University Press. (Expanded Reason Award, 2020. Benedict XVI Foundation, Rome.)
Vitz, Paul C. (Ed.) (2021). The complementarity of women and men: Philosophy, theology, psychology and art.  Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.

See also

 Postmodern psychology

References

1935 births
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American psychologists
American psychology writers
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
Living people
New York University faculty
Pomona College faculty
Psychologists of religion
Roman Catholic scholars
Stanford University alumni
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Writers from Ohio
Freudians

Paul Vitz


The Partido Comunista de España (Reconstituido) (, PCE(r)) is a Spanish clandestine communist party that broke away from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). The general secretary of the PCE(r) is Manuel Pérez Martínez ('Comrade Arenas'), currently in jail.

History
It was formed in 1975, by the remnants of the Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists (OMLE) which was dissolved that year. OMLE, which was operating from exile, had been formed through a 1968 split in the Communist Party of Spain (PCE).

Following the famous revolts in Paris in 1968, certain groups of leftist Spanish exiles were disappointed with the staunchly pro-Soviet and "frozen" stance of the Spanish Communist Party, the PCE and its leader Santiago Carrillo. This led in September of the same year to the foundation of the Organización de Marxistas Leninistas Españoles (OMLE) (Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists) in Brussels. In 1974 Organización Obreira, a Galician organization, joined the OMLE.

During the following years, this splinter group of Spanish Communists was inspired by ETA's rise and by the military coup in Portugal that led to the Carnation Revolution. Thus it accumulated a number of sympathizers and well-wishers, especially among left-wing circles in the Spanish youth. Franco's illness was also interpreted as an omen for a wide-open future and a promise of success for the PCE(r)'s ambitions and goals.

The OMLE renamed itself "Partido Comunista de España Reconstituido" in June 1975. Two months after Franco's death, in January 1976, during the Spanish political transition from dictatorship to democracy, the PCE(r) began a "revolutionary struggle" against the political reforms of the newly established monarchy of King Juan Carlos I. In order to carry about its struggle, the PCE(r) restructured itself into different commissions. The party also established various "sectorial organizations", including a student union (Organización Democrática de Estudiantes Antifascistas), a prisoner-support group (Asociación de Familiares y amigos de Presos) and an "antirrepresie" organization (Socorro Rojo).

Despite its initial successes, the PCE(r) became increasingly a marginal group after certain key-measures were adopted by the transitional Spanish government. Foremost of these were the 1977 amnesty for political prisoners, the democratic normalization, and the growing success of the newly introduced measures adopted by the Spanish police and the Spanish courts to combat terrorism.

After the issuing of a new law concerning political parties in 2002, the Spanish authorities severely curtailed the activities of the PCE(r) in 2003. Currently the party is outlawed, although still exists as a clandestine organization.

Historically, the strongholds of the party have been Vigo, Cádiz, A Coruña and El Pozo del Tio Raimundo.

Ideology
Originally the party was Maoist, advocating a people's war in Spain. Since the late 1990s the party abandoned Maoism in favour of more classic Marxist-Leninist positions.

References

External links
PRES.O.S. - organization for support prisoners of the PCE(r) - GRAPO
PCE(r) Official Website archive.org mirror

1975 establishments in Spain
Banned communist parties
Banned political parties in Spain
Communist parties in Spain
Left-wing militant groups in Spain
Political parties established in 1975
Republican parties in Spain

Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)


Klute is a 1971 American mystery thriller movie directed by Alan J. Pakula. It is set in New York City. It stars Donald Sutherland, Jane Fonda, Charles Cioffi, Lee Wallace, Sylvester Stallone, Jean Stapleton, and Roy Scheider. It was released on June 25, 1971. Fonda won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for her role.

Other websites

1970s mystery movies
1971 mystery movies
1971 thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
1970s English-language movies
Film noir
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in New York City
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Alan J. Pakula

Klute


"Long Hard Road Out of Hell" is a song by American rock band Marilyn Manson and British trip hop band Sneaker Pimps. It was released as a single from the soundtrack to the 1997 motion picture Spawn. An arena rock and gothic rock song, "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" was written by Marilyn Manson and Twiggy Ramirez and produced by Manson and Sean Beavan. Its lyrics are about self-loathing and its title is derived from John Milton's Paradise Lost (1667). After the track was written, the Sneaker Pimps' Kelli Ali was recruited to perform background vocals on it, as the Spawn soundtrack featured collaborations between hard rock artists and electronic music artists. The Sneaker Pimps were dissatisfied with the final track and wanted a remix of it to be released as a single instead; conversely, Manson deemed it a personal favorite.

"Long Hard Road Out of Hell" received mixed reviews from music critics; some found it heartfelt while others felt it was too indistinct from other Marilyn Manson songs. Commentators noted that the track encapsulated the evolution of the band's sound from the industrial music of Antichrist Superstar (1996) to the glam rock of Mechanical Animals (1998). Manson initially approached Jonathan Glazer to direct the video for the track, but rejected his concept for it; Glazer later used his concept for the video for Radiohead's "Karma Police" (1997). The music video for "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" was directed by Matthew Rolston. It depicts Manson in a dress and a group of models who initially appear to be female but are revealed to be male. The clip garnered acclaim from critics for its imagery.

Background and release

Marilyn Manson's eponymous vocalist told the Phoenix New Times that he wrote "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" "while on the road." He said that the song "changes someone's singing and writing at the same time, the rhythm of your vocal." Though it was not written for the film, the song was released on the soundtrack album for Spawn (1997), a film based on the comic book character of the same name; the soundtrack was curated by Happy Walters. Todd McFarlane, the creator of Spawn, told Billboard: "If any artist epitomizes my anti-hero Spawn, it's Marilyn Manson."

Similar to the Judgment Night soundtrack, another Walters project which featured a fusion of hip hop music and rock music, the Spawn soundtrack consisted of collaborations between hard rock or heavy metal bands and electronic music acts. "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" features backing vocals from Kelli Ali, the front-woman of British trip hop band Sneaker Pimps. Neither Ali or her band-mate Liam Howe felt that the rock bands featured on the soundtrack were very good, but thought that collaborating with one of the bands would give them the chance to, in Howe's words, "polish a turd." Manson would recall that while recording the song, "The guitar player of the Sneaker Pimps had just got hit in the foreskin and he told me about it, which is a dumb as fuck thing to do, because the first thing I did was hit him in the dick, and I'm sure that probably added to the tension in the room."

The two bands became engaged in a brief dispute soon after the song's release. Ali complained that the Sneaker Pimps were not present during the song's final mixing, and that they were never issued a master tape. She went on to call the song "crap." Manson responded by calling the Sneaker Pimps' involvement "a bit of a favor, in a sense, because we had already written the song, and I was interested in finding a girl to sing back-up vocals on it, and [they] were asking to be involved. I wasn't that familiar with them. I thought the girl's voice was great. When we worked on the song, I think they were a little upset because there wasn't much for them to do. The song was already done." He also refuted claims that the Sneaker Pimps were never issued with a master recording, suggesting that they had created a remix for the song, but had refused permission for it to appear on the single when they were informed it would appear as a b-side, instead of being released as the main single version.

"Long Hard Road Out of Hell" was released as a single alongside its instrumental, a remix of the song called the "Critter Remix" and the instrumental mix of "Kick the PA" (1997) by Korn and the Dust Brothers. Manson has called "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" "one of my favorites". The track shares its title with Manson's autobiography, The Long Hard Road Out of Hell (1998), and was included on the band's greatest hits album, Lest We Forget: The Best Of (2004).

Composition and style

"Long Hard Road Out of Hell" was written by Marilyn Manson, Twiggy Ramirez, and produced by Manson with Sean Beavan. The track is an arena rock and gothic rock song with a length of four minutes and twenty-one seconds. The title of the song is a reference to John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), wherein Satan says: "long is the way/ And hard, that out of Hell leads up to light." The song's lyrics are about self-loathing.

According to A.A. Dowd of The A.V. Club, "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" resembles the music of Marilyn Manson, particularly songs from Antichrist Superstar (1996), far more than the music of the Sneaker Pimps, though its "clicking beat" and background vocals do separate the track from Marilyn Manson's usual shock rock. Dowd also found the song reminiscent of the kind of music played at Ozzfest. Alec Chillingworth of Metal Hammer saw the track as similar to the singles from Antichrist Superstar only more subdued, in the vein of the band's subsequent album Mechanical Animals (1998).

PopMatters Lance Teegarden felt that the tracks' "layered buzzsaw guitar riffs" and Manson's shout-like vocal performance on the chorus made "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" sound like "Rock Is Dead" (1998) and "The Love Song" (2000). Dowd also noted that the lyrics of the song could be seen as referring to the life of the film's title character – an assassin who is murdered, brought back to life, and given super-powers through a Faustian bargain – as Spawn's "road out of hell [was] long and hard". Dowd viewed the track as one of the few songs on the soundtrack which "feel[s] specifically catered...to the Spawn mythos."

Critical reception

In his review of Lest We Forget: The Best Of, The Chicago Maroon Matt Zakosek wrote that "every time you're ready to write him off as the obligatory recording artist of the moment to piss off the religious right, Manson comes out of left field with a surprisingly heartfelt, poetic track like 'The Reflecting God' or 'Long Hard Road Out of Hell.'" Jim Louvau of the Phoenix New Times deemed it one of his favorite songs by the band, alongside "Get Your Gunn" (1994). Chillingworth of Metal Hammer ranked the song sixth on his list of "The 10 most underrated Marilyn Manson songs", saying "'Long Hard Road Out Of Hell' is more than your standard Manson banger. It served as a weird body of water in which Manson tested some of his tricks".
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised the song for being "a good bridge between the goth-industrial Antichrist Superstar and the electronically tweaked glam of Mechanical Animals."

MetalSucks' Axl Rosenberg said that "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" is "fine" and "basically sounds like Antichrist Superstar-era Manson with female backing vocals." Rosenberg found the track superior to other cuts from Spawn: The Album such as the DJ Spooky remix of Metallica's "For Whom the Bell Tolls" (1985) and "Satan" (1998) by Kirk Hammett and Orbital. Dowd of The A.V. Club said that, while he initially cared for the song, it "is basically just a Manson anthem with some very casual bells and whistles attached". Teegarden of PopMatters said that the track "adhere[s] to standard-issue, industrial shock-rock formulas" and fails to distinguish itself from other Marilyn Manson songs. Thrillist's Dan Jackson did not see "Long Hard Road Out of Hell" as one of Spawn: The Album "standout tracks".

Music video

MTV News reported in 1997 that the Sneaker Pimps would not be involved in the song's music video. Manson initially approached Jonathan Glazer to direct the video and asked him to watch David Lynch's Lost Highway (1997) for inspiration. Glazer watched the film's opening credits, which feature images of a "road rushing beneath the camera" before falling asleep. As the film's opening credits had entered his mind, Glazer proposed that the video center on a man being chased down a dark, desolate road by an old car. Manson was unimpressed by this idea and decided not to use it; Glazer would use his rejected concept for his video for "Karma Police" (1997) by Radiohead. Upon seeing the "Karma Police" video for the first time, Manson was reportedly upset.

The music video for the song was directed by Matthew Rolston, and was filmed at the site of Robert F. Kennedy's assassination, the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles. The video features examples of tableaux vivants, images composed of people holding poses. It also features perverted Christian iconography, with the Virgin Mary depicted as being soaked in blood. In the clip, Manson is androgynous, and is shown wearing a dress and posing like a pin-up model. A group of models who strike sexualized poses in the clip initially appear to be female, but are revealed to be male. One of the models transforms into a figure who resembles Aleister Crowley, a Victorian era occultist whose writings have influenced Manson. According to Mike Rampton of Kerrang!, the video got little airplay on television due to contemporary attitudes toward gender and blasphemy. Manson has said that he likes the video because "it's one part sexy and one part dark."

The video was featured in the 1997 MTV special "Beavis and Butt-Head Do Thanksgiving".

Reception
Jonathan Barkan of Bloody Disgusting opined: "The video, which plays out almost like a dream, is an absolute visual treat. It's incredibly polished and shiny, makes beautiful use of color, and strongly challenges gender norms". Noisecreep Chris Ford ranked the clip sixth on his list of the "10 Best Marilyn Manson Videos", adding that its use of tableaux vivants is "especially effective". Writing for Noisey, Alexandra Serio wrote that the depiction of the Virgin Mary in the clip is part of the band's history of "pissing off Jesus Christ". In Kerrang!, Mike Rampton praised Manson's "extraordinarily beautiful" hair in the video, adding "Clad in the cymbal-like bustier of an ectomorphic Brunhilde or an Amanda Lepore-esque striking sexual Valkyrie, his glorious locks are a sight to behold. Or maybe it's a wig."

Track listing

Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Lest We Forget: The Best Of.

 Marilyn Manson — lead and background vocals, keyboards, production, mixing
 Twiggy Ramirez — acoustic, bass and electric guitars
 Kelli Ali — background vocals
 Sean Beavan — engineering, production, mixing
 Devon Kirkpatrick — assistant engineer
 Tony Giampaolo — assistant engineer

See also
 List of songs recorded by Marilyn Manson
 Paradise Lost in popular culture

References

1997 songs
1997 singles
Marilyn Manson (band) songs
Music videos directed by Matthew Rolston
Songs written by Marilyn Manson
Interscope Records singles
Songs written by Jeordie White
Gothic rock songs
Sneaker Pimps songs
Songs about cross-dressing

Long Hard Road Out of Hell


Roxy Hunter is a fictional character played by Aria Wallace in four television films for Nickelodeon in the United States: Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost (2007), Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman (2008), Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid (2008), and Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween (2008).

Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost
Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost is a 2007 Canadian Nickelodeon Original Movie, and is the first TV film of the Roxy Hunter Movies. It is produced by Dolphin Entertainment, that premiered on October 30, 2007. It premiered on Family on May 19, 2008.

The animation sequences were produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio.

Synopsis
In 1944, a woman who was planning to get engaged was stopped by her father's gun. 63 years later, Roxy Hunter, an irrepressible 9-year-old moves to a spooky, old house in the country. There, she stumbles into a weird world of unsolved mysteries and the unknown. With the help of her best friend Max, a 12-year-old genius she calls her fiancé, she embarks on a mission to solve a crime, save their house, and re-unite lost love from beyond the grave.

Cast

Main
 Aria Wallace as Roxy Hunter
 Robin Brûlé as Susan Hunter
 Demetrius Joyette as Max
 Yannick Bisson as Jon
 Vik Sahay as Ramma

Supporting
 Jessica Booker as Estelle
 Lara Jean Chorostecki as Young Estelle
 Rod Campbell as Mr. Moody
 Austin MacDonald as Andy
 Johnie Chase as Johnie Chase
 Jayne Eastwood as Mable Crabtree
 Stephanie Anne Mills as Rebecca
 Sebastian Pigott as Ted Caruthers
 R.D. Reid as Middleton
 Julian Richings as Librarian Tibers
 Sandi Ross as Nurse

Books
On December 13, 2007, Penguin Children's Books released the Roxy Hunter book line which includes junior novels Roxy Hunter and The Mystery of the Moody Ghost and The Secret of the Shaman by Tracey West. Accompanying the novels was The Roxy Hunter Case Files by James Kee and Robin Dunne. Each case file gives a journal-like first-person account of each mystery from the perspective of Roxy herself.

DVD release
The film was released on DVD on February 5, 2008.

Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman
Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman is a 2008 Canadian Nickelodeon Original Movie that aired on February 1, 2008. It is a direct sequel to the Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost. The film is produced by Dolphin Entertainment and was dedicated to Jeanne Culp.

Synopsis
When it is near Serenity Falls's 150th anniversary, a part of the celebration lighthouse is stolen, which is being used by a shaman Roxy is learning about for a Festival of the Lights.

Cast

Main
 Aria Wallace as Roxy Hunter
 Robin Brûlé as Susan Hunter
 Demetrius Joyette as Max
 Yannick Bisson as Jon Steadman
 Vik Sahay as Ramma
 Richard McMillan as Shamam Karrie

Supporting
 Julian Richings as Mr. Tibers
 Lorne Cardinal as Lorne Red Deer
 Joe Pingue as Deputy Sheriff Martin Potts
 Austin MacDonald as Andy
 Tara Shelley as Jill
 Connor Fyfe as Timmy
 Tyler Fyfe as Tommy
 Connor McCauley as Seth

DVD release
The film was released on DVD on July 15, 2008.

Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid
Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid is a 2008 Canadian Nickelodeon Original Movie that aired on July 13, 2008. It is the third edition to the Roxy Hunter movies and a direct sequel to the previous film Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman.

Synopsis
Roxy is at it again when, in pursuit of a local journalism award, she befriends and brings home a mysterious amnesiac who was found soaking wet outside of the local coffee shop. After ceremoniously naming her Annie Nonomys, Roxy takes the young lady home and finds that even the most common household item is a complete mystery to Annie. When Annie returns dripping wet from the lake several nights in a row, Roxy determines what is abundantly clear to her: Annie is a mermaid, who has to find her way home back in the sea.

Cast

Main
 Aria Wallace as Roxy Hunter
 Demetrius Joyette as Max
 Robin Brûlé as Susan Hunter
 Yannick Bisson as Jon Steadman
 Ashleigh Rains as Annie

Supporting
 Denis Akiyama as Kyoto
 Roger Dunn as Sheriff Tom
 Jeffrey R. Smith as Saul
 Jayne Eastwood as Mable Crabtree
 Tyler Fyfe as Tommy
 Connor Fyfe as Tommy
 Gerry Mendicino as Nikos
 Deborah Grover as Ms. Slausen
 Kevin Jubinville as Kip
 Austin MacDonald as Andy
 Connor McAuley as Seth
 Joe Pingue as Deputy Potts
 Gord Rand as Louis
 Julian Richings as Mr. Tibers
 Vik Sahay as Rama
 Cliff Saunders as Dessie

DVD releases
The film was released on DVD on October 14, 2008.

Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween
Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween is a 2008 Canadian Nickelodeon Original Movie that aired on October 31, 2008. It is the fourth and final addition to the Roxy Hunter movies, and a direct sequel to the previous film Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid. The film premiered on The N on October 31, 2008, as part of their Halloween Block, and did not premiere on Nickelodeon proper.

Plot
Roxy Hunter (Aria Wallace) walks out of school to find a new boy from Transylvania named Stefan (Connor Price) being bullied. Finally snapping, Stefan throws his lunch at Seth (Connor McAuley), the head bully. However, Seth ducks, and the food hits Roxy, and the two of them start a fierce rivalry. On her mother Susan's (Robin Brule) advice, she decides to try to make peace with Stefan.

Meanwhile, Max (Demetrius Joyette) is having his last day at Moody Mansion, before his parents come to pick him up. However, he learns that they can't come because of getting a huge cut of a gold mining expedition via video chat. Heartbroken, Max skips out on dinner and spends all of his time in his bedroom. Meanwhile, Susan is slightly shocked to find out that Jon (Yannick Bisson) wants to move in with her.

When Roxy goes to visit Stefan at his house, she sees an old woman (Maria Lebb) stirring something strangely red in a cauldron. When Roxy points out that the house is so quiet and dark, Stefan says his uncle Vlad Petrescu (Juan Chioran) sleeps during the day, and is very sensitive to light. When they go into Stefan's room, Vlad enters a short while after, telling them to keep the noise down. As he leaves, Roxy notices something red on his hand, as though dried blood.

At home, she quickly starts to believe that Stefan's family are vampires. She meets Stefan at a small gazebo in the woods with garlic and different holy relics to test whether or not he is a vampire. He passes the test, but it is clear that he has no idea that his uncle is a vampire. Roxy hastily says goodbye and runs off.

Finding Seth and his gang, Roxy tells them about this, and they go and investigate. Roxy and Seth find several wooden crates in Vlad's barn. In one of them is a horrifying painting. Vlad hears their screaming, and the club shoots him with garlic and holy water-loaded water guns, they realized that Vlad is not affected and they run off, but Vlad manages to catch Roxy. When he calls Susan over, Roxy blurts out "He's a vampire!". Vlad then explains that he is a painter and the "blood" on his hands is merely red paint. Roxy apologizes, but still gets grounded. However, she receives a letter from Stefan saying to meet him at the gazebo. Once there, Roxy learns that Stefan's parents are very poor, and his father (Martin Roach), an artist, hoped that Vlad, who is really a family friend, could sell his paintings (the ones that Roxy found in the crates the previous day) in America, but it turns out that Vlad has signed his name on the paintings to sell them for his own benefit.

Meanwhile, Max meets up with his old friend Jill (Tara Shelley) to egg the sheriff's house, but the eggs were actually hard-boiled and break right through the window. While everyone else runs off, Max stays, knowing he deserves to be punished. The sheriff tells him about a high school prank gone wrong, resulting in the entire school burning down. His father tried to send him to a military academy, but he ran away to go on an amateur music tour. When he got back, he wanted to tell his father that he had learned that he was acting in his son's best interest, but his father had died. He ends the story by letting Max off the hook after telling him that, though his parents have let him down, it does not mean that they do not love him.

Susan gives Roxy a spark of idea on how to stop Vlad and make him confess: scaring the confession out of him. They set up a haunted house, with various scares along the way, until it ends in Vlad running into the forest. Roxy says that she is a vampire, and that she will turn him into a living dead. Terrified, he confesses to his crimes, and the sheriff, who was spying on Roxy's plan takes him to jail for.

At dinner, Jon proposes to Susan. She accepts and they are engaged. Max learns to overcome his depression. Best of all, with the money for the paintings, Stefan's parents are able to come to America.

Cast

Main
 Aria Wallace as Roxy Hunter
 Demetrius Joyette as Max
 Robin Brûlé as Susan Hunter
 Yannick Bisson as Jon
 Connor Price as Stefan

Supporting
 Devon Bostick as Drew
 Juan Chioran as Vlad Petrescu
 Brandon Craggs as Stevie
 Roger Dunn as Sheriff Tom
 Jacob Fraud as Timmy
 Tyler Fyfe as Tommy
 Marcia Laskowski as Janet
 Maria Lebb as Grandma Petrscu
 Austin MacDonald as Andy
 Connor McAuley as Seth
 Joe Pingue as Deputy Potts
 Julian Richings as Mr. Tibers
 Martin Roach as Pierre
 Victor Gares as Rama
 Tara Shelley as Jill

References

External links

Female characters in film
Film characters introduced in 2007
Child characters in film
Fictional American people
2007 films
2008 films
Films set in the 1940s
Films shot in Toronto

nl:Roxy Hunter

Roxy Hunter