Peter Gregory Onwubuasi Obi  (, born 19 July 1961) is a Nigerian politician and businessman who served as governor of Anambra from March to November 2006, February to May 2007, and June 2007 to March 2014. In May 2022, he became the Labour Party candidate for President of Nigeria in the 2023 presidential election, after defecting from the Peoples Democratic Party.

Born in Onitsha in 1961, Obi graduated from the University of Nigeria in 1984. Afterwards, he entered business and banking, eventually holding several executive positions in several banks. Obi contested for governor in 2003 as a member of the All Progressives Grand Alliance, but Chris Ngige was declared winner of the election. In 2006, the election of Chris Ngige was nullified and Obi was declared winner of the 2003 election, and he assumed office in March 2006. Shortly, he was impeached in November the same year by the Anambra State House of Assembly, led by Hon. Mike Balonwu. However, his impeachment was overturned and he returned to office in February 2007. Obi was removed after the 2007 Anambra State gubernatorial election, but the judiciary again intervened by ruling that he should be allowed to complete a full four-year term. In 2010, he was re-elected to a second term.

After leaving office in the year 2014, Obi decamped to the Peoples Democratic Party. In 2019, he was selected as the PDP vice presidential nominee in the presidential election, running alongside Atiku Abubakar, but they lost to the incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari and vice president Yemi Osinbajo. In 2022, Obi ran for president himself, first in the PDP until defecting to the Labour Party in May 2022 to obtain its nomination. Obi's presidential campaign has been described as populist and performed well among youth, who have been nicknamed "Obidients". In the general election, he lost to Bola Tinubu.

The Labour Party, along with several other opposition parties, sued to overturn Tinubu's victory, alleging voting irregularities. Their arguments were rejected in court.

Early life and education
Peter Obi was born on 19 July 1961 in Onitsha, Anambra State, in a devout Christian family. He attended Christ the King College, Onitsha, where he completed his secondary school education. He was admitted to the University of Nigeria, in 1980 and graduated with a B.A. (Hons) in Philosophy in 1984.

Business career
Obi was a businessman before he ventured into politics. He held leadership positions in some private establishments.

Some of the companies he served include Next International Nigeria Ltd, Chairman and Director of Guardian Express Mortgage Bank Ltd, Guardian Express Bank Plc, Future View Securities Ltd, Paymaster Nigeria Ltd, Chams Nigeria Ltd, Data Corp Ltd and Card Centre Ltd. He was the youngest chairman of Fidelity Bank Plc.

Gubernatorial tenure and vice presidential candidacy

First term
Obi contested in the Anambra State Governorship election as a candidate for the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) party in 2003; but his opponent, Chris Ngige of the People's Democratic Party, was declared the winner by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC).

After nearly three years of litigation, Ngige's victory was overturned by the Court of Appeal on 15 March 2006. Obi took office on 17 March 2006. On 2 November 2006, he was impeached by the Anambra State House of Assembly, led by Mike Balonwu, after seven months in office and was replaced the next day by Virginia Etiaba, his deputy, making her the first-ever female governor in Nigeria.
Obi successfully challenged his impeachment and was re-instated as the governor on 9 February 2007 by the Court of Appeal sitting in Enugu. Etiaba handed power back to him after the court ruling.

Obi once again left office on 29 May 2007 following the General Elections, in which Andy Uba was declared the winner by the electoral body. Obi returned to the courts once more, this time contending that the four-year tenure he had won in the 2003 election only started to run when he took office in March 2006. On 14 June 2007 the Supreme Court of Nigeria upheld Obi's contention and returned Obi to office. This brought to an abrupt end the tenure of Obi's successor, Andy Uba, whose 14 April 2007 election the Supreme Court nullified on the grounds that Obi's four-year tenure should have remained undisturbed until March 2010.

Second term

On 7 February 2010, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) declared Obi the winner of the 2010 Anambra State Gubernatorial election. He defeated Professor Charles Chukwuma Soludo, former governor, CBN. This election victory gave Obi an additional four years as the governor.

On 17 March 2014, Obi's term ended and Willie Obiano assumed office. After leaving office in 2014, Obi gained new status as an advocate for good governance and national political figure after decamping to the Peoples Democratic Party in 2014.

After the 2015 General Election, President Goodluck Jonathan appointed Obi as the chairman of the Nigerian Security and Exchange Commission (SEC).

2019 presidential elections
On 12 October 2018, Obi was named as the running mate to Atiku Abubakar, the Peoples Democratic Party's Presidential Candidate in the 2019 presidential election. Obi opposed proposals for a standardized national minimum wage, arguing that different states should have different minimum wages. The Abubakar/Obi ticket came second.

Presidential candidacy

On 24 March 2022, declared his intention to run for President of Nigeria under the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party, but later pulled out and announced he would be running under the Labour Party platform instead. According to the Peoples Gazette, Peter Obi wrote to the leadership of the Peoples Democratic Party on 24 May to resign his membership. Obi reportedly complained of massive bribing of delegates and vote buying at party's presidential primary, citing the existence of a party clique collaborating against him.

Obi's business background and status as a major candidate unaffiliated with either of Nigeria's two main parties has drawn comparisons with Emmanuel Macron's successful 2017 French presidential candidacy. Obi has expressed admiration for Macron and was among the officials who received Macron during his visit to Lagos.

Obidient movement
People under 30 proved to be some of the biggest Obi's supporters, showing their support via social media and protests and street marches. Aisha Yesufu, a prominent activist noted as the cofounder of the #BringBackOurGirls movement and a supporter of the End SARS campaign, endorsed Obi in her first-ever endorsement of a presidential candidate.

Young supporters of Obi's campaign have been nicknamed "Obidients". In a Business Day opinion article, Chikwurah Isiguzo argued that:"[The Obidients] are attracted by Peter Obi's ideology of frugality, economic production rather than the ostentatious consumerism and waste, and resourceful management and investment in key sectors, for economic growth and development."Commentators have argued that Obi's third party candidacy appeals to young voters dissatisfied with the two major parties, which has resulted in the "biggest political movement in recent Nigerian history." With his core message of prudence and accountability, Obi has managed to gain the backing of voters for his previously largely unknown Labour Party into a strong third force against two political heavyweights. Before campaigns were officially kicked off, Obi's supporters held a series of One Million Man Marches in several Nigerian cities including Makurdi, Calabar, Lafia, Port Harcourt, Afikpo, Owerri, Enugu, Auchi, Abuja, Kano, Ilorin, Abakaliki and Ibadan. The marches were not part of the official campaigns; as they were led by volunteer Obi supporters and not Obi's in-house team or political party. The marches experienced massive turnouts.

Obiageli Ezekwesili, a former Minister of Education in Nigeria, stated that Nigerian women are more inclined toward the potential presidency of Obi in an interview with Channels TV.

Selection of running mate
Physician Doyin Okupe initially was the temporary running mate of Obi until a substantive candidate could be selected. In the run-up to the final selection of a running mate, media outlets reported that there was an effort to have former Senator Shehu Sani of Kaduna State serve as Obi's running mate.

On 8 July 2022, Obi unveiled his running mate, Senator for Kaduna North Senatorial District     Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed. Speaking on his choice of the vice presidential candidate, he stated: This is our right to secure, unite and make Nigeria productive. And you can't do that without having people who have similar visions, ideas and are prepared for the task. So, I have the honour today to present to you, God willing, Nigeria's next vice president in the person of Senator Yusuf Datti Baba-Ahmed.

Election results
The results were announced on 1 March 2023. Bola Tinubu of the All Progressives Congress party, was named the president-elect with 8.79 million votes. Obi received 6.1 million votes, and won in both Lagos and Abuja. This put Obi in third place behind winner Bola Tinubu and People's Democratic Party nominee Atiku Abubakar. Due to the elections being rife with several allegations, reports and evidence of voter manipulation, disenfranchisement and rigging, Obi announced that he would challenge the election results, stating that, "We won the election and we will prove it to Nigerians".

Political positions

National security
As a candidate, Obi has publicly demanded that the federal government name individuals responsible for financing terrorism and oil theft in Nigeria. In 2020, Obi expressed support for the End SARS social movement against police brutality.

Women's issues
Obi has stated that he believes women are less prone to corruption in public office than men, and states that his gubernatorial staff were predominantly women. Obi has said he wants to do away with the Office of the First Lady of Nigeria, stating "It was not my wife that was voted in but himself. The Ministry of Women Affairs was enough to take good care of women." In commemoration of International African Women's Day, Obi stated: "In Nigeria, we advocate continually greater women participation in leadership, nation-building and society, which begins with unfettered social inclusion, gender mainstreaming and empowerment."

Controversy

On April 1, 2023, Peoples Gazette published leaked phone conservation between Obi and one of the leaders of Nigeria's biggest Pentecostal Church, Bishop David Oyedepo of the Living Faith Church Worldwide, also known as Winners Chapel. In the leaked phone call, which took place a few days before the Nigerian presidential election, Obi declared that the election was a religious war and solicited the support of the bishop to reach out to Christians across the Southwestern part of Nigeria and those in the Northcentral states like Kwara, Kogi and Niger.

The report generated widespread controversy across the country, with some members of his campaign organisation confirming the authenticity of the phone call and defending his position, while other members declared the phone record as a deep fake.

On 5 April 2023, Obi tweeted that the published phone call was fake and threatened to take legal action against the newspaper.

On 1 May 2023, Obi appeared in an interview on Arise TV in Abuja. During the interview, he was repeatedly asked if the audio was fake or authentic, and he repeatedly responded that he was not a tribal or religious bigot. He declined to state that the conversation did not take place. Instead, he emphasised that it was normal for him and other politicians to solicit support from religious leaders during elections.

Awards and honours
These are some of Obi's awards:

  The Suns Man of the Year (2007)
 This Days Most Prudent Governor in Nigeria (2009)
 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Best Performing Governor on Immunization in South-East Nigeria (2012)
 Silverbird's Man of the Year (2013)
 Distinguished Alumnus Award - Lagos Business School Alumni Association (LBSAA) (2014)
 Nigerian Library Association's Golden Merit Award (2014)
 Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester Pope and Martyr (2014)
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Onitsha's Golden Jubilee Award (2015)
 This Days Governor of the Decade (2020)
 Leadership Excellence Award's Man of the Year (2022)

Pandora Papers

As a result of the Pandora Papers leaks, the Premium Times reported on Obi's involvement in offshore companies in tax havens such as the British Virgin Islands and Barbados. Obi appeared to have made shell companies in the 1990s with the Barbados-based Beauchamp Investments Limited and UK-based Next International (UK) Limited being tied back to Obi and his family. This was before he held any political office in Nigeria.
Further reporting showed that in 2010 as well, Obi had Access International help him set up and manage Gabriella Investments Limited, a company in the British Virgin Islands named after Obi's daughter. One of the directors was also the director of a Belize-based shell company that was issued 50,000 shares in Gabriella Investments.
In 2017, Obi reorganized the company under the name PMGG Investments Limited and created a trust named The Gabriella Settlement, which became the sole shareholder in PMGG Investments Limited. Obi was not holding any political position at this time.

A Premium Times report claimed that Obi remained as director of Next International (UK) Limited while serving as Governor of Anambra State, which is in direct violation of Code of Conduct Bureau and Tribunal Act. In an interview with Arise News, Obi clarified that he resigned from all companies before taking office as Governor of Anambra State.

The report also claimed that Obi's non-declaration of his offshore companies broke the Nigerian Constitution's provision that require public officers to declare all their properties, assets, and liabilities. Obi stated that he did not break any laws and clarified that the accounts' money was accrued from his time as a businessman. The EFCC invited him for questioning in October 2021, after President Buhari directed all anti-corruption agencies to investigate those named in the leaks.

Personal life
Obi is a practicing Catholic. He married Margaret Brownson Obi (née Usen) in 1992 and they have two children.

See also
List of governors of Anambra State
List of Igbo people

References

1961 births
Living people
Nigerian Roman Catholics
Governors of Anambra State
People from Anambra State
Igbo politicians
Igbo people
Candidates for President of Nigeria
People named in the Pandora Papers
Impeached governors
Christ the King College, Onitsha alumni
University of Nigeria alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
Lagos Business School alumni
Nigerian politicians
Nigerian political candidates
Alumni of the London School of Economics

Peter Obi


Aralumallige Parthsarathy (born 22 March, 1948 in Bangalore, India) is an international scholar and expert in the field of Dasa Sahitya, which preaches the values and culture of the historic Bhakthi movement, practised through the centuries in the Haridasa Sahitya and taking its lineage from Madhwacharya. He is the author of 52 books and 35 audio CDs, has undertaken international lecture tours, and is the recipient of many national and international awards.

Life and work
Aralumallige Parthasarathy was born in Aralumallige village in Bangalore district on March 22, 1948, and lives in Bangalore. He is a retired lecturer from MES College in Bangalore.

Aralumallige Parthasarathy has authored several books on Dasa sahitya, Vishnu sahasranama, spirituality, culture, literature and management. His works include many audio CDs on the scriptures of Dasa Sahitya, Bhagavatha, Bhagavad Gita and Ramayana. He produces writings and gives lectures on Dasa Sahitya, Bhagavatha, Vishnu Sahasranama, Indian heritage, Indian culture, and Indian values. He has delivered more than 4,000 lectures. His Vishnu Sahasranama movement, for which he is the founder has become very popular in different countries. He has delivered 308 Bhagavatha Saptaha programs in English and Kannada language in different countries.

Dr. Aralumallige is the chairman of Vishnusahasranama Trust India. He is also the chairman of Haridasa Academy Karnataka. He was the honorary member of Karnataka Sahithya Academy, Government of Karnataka.

A street in Girinagar, Bangalore has been named after him.

Lecture tours
Dr. Parthasarathy has extensively toured in India and abroad, delivering lectures on Dasa Sahitya, Ramayana, Bhagavath Geetha, Vishnusahasranama, Bhakthi Bhagavatha, Sundarakanda, Shiva Panchakshari Mantra, Rudram and Chamakam, Personality Development, Values, and Meditation, and similar topics. His has delivered lectures across the United States of America and visited Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong and Gulf countries.

Books
Vishnu sahasra Nama (English)
Vishnu sahasra Nama (Kannada)
Haridasara 10000 Haadugalu (2000 pages Megabook)
Jagannatha Dasa Samputa
Purandara dasara Saaviraaru Hadugalu
Purandara dasara Janapriya Keerthanaigalu
Kanakadasara Janapriya Keerthanegalu
Haridasara 101 Apporva Suladigalu
Haridasa Ugabhoga Samputa
Manava Janma doddadu (500 pages felicitation volume)
Eesa beku iddu Jaisabeku (400 pages felicitation volume)
Vija dasa Namana
Haridasaru kanda Sri Krishna
Aralumallige Amrutha Nudigalu
Haridasara 4500 Haadugalu
Vadiraja Samputa
Sripadaraja Samputa
Vyasaraaja Samputa
Haridasa Jhenkara Tarangin
Purandara Samputa-I
Purandara Samputa-II
DasaSahitya Vaibahva
Janapriya Bhajana Samputa
Ranga Vittala
Dasa Sahitya Vahini
Siri Krishna
Vaikuntha Varnane
Madhwacharyaru
Samskruti Purusharu
Kalaa Tapaswi
Prachalita
Prakatita
Vinyaasa
Kriti Vimarshe
Sarvamoola
Principles of Management
Principles of Marketing
Hoovu Haavu Theertha
Yathikula Chakravarthy Vignana Nidhi Theertharu
Dasa Sahithya Sahara (1000 pages felicitation volume)
Mahatthagi Chinthisu - bruhatthagi saadhisu  - biography
Simple secrets of Super success

Audio CDs and Cassettes
Bhagavad geetha
Bhagavatha
Raamayana
Bhagavad geetha
Guru Raghavendra Namana
Vadiraja Namana
KanakaDasa Namana
VijayaDasa Namana
UgaBhogagalu
Thulasi Mahatme
Gayathri Mahatme
Purandara Namana
Powerful Personality Development
Values and Meditation: Secrets of Super Success
Vishnusahasranama (English)
Vishnusahasranama (Kannada)

Awards and honours
He has been awarded the Karnataka government Rajyothsava Award in the year 1999.

Titles conferred
Karnataka Rajyothsava Prashasthi 	- Karnataka Government, November 1999
Vidya Vaachaspathi            		- Sripdaraja Mutt
Daasasahithya Pradyumna    		- New York Kannada Koota
Sahithya Samshodhana Vachaspathi  	- Sri Vyasaraj Mutt
Daasa Sahithya Dhureena      		- Sri Uttaradi Mutt Swamiji
Daasa Sahithya Rathnakara 		- Vishwa Madhwa Sangha, USA
Haridaasa Sahitya Chaktravarthy        - VMS Washington DC
Daasa Sahithya Prachara Praveena  	- Kannada Institute of America - Michigan, USA
Daasa Sahithya Choodamani 		- Thekkatte Naagaveniyamma Trust
Haridasa Sahithya Bhaskara  		- Akhila Karnataka Dasasahithya Academy
Sri Krishnanuugraha Prashati           - Paryaya Sri Sode Mutt Swameeji
State Award 				- Karnataka State Social Welfare and Cultural Society, 1992
Haridasa Sahithya Bhushana  		- Udupi Pejawar Swameeji
Haridasa Sahithya Nalina Chandrika  	- All India Dwaitha Philosophy Conference
Karnataka Bhakthi Samrat               - Cauveri Kannada Koota, Washington DC
Haridaasa Kulabhooshana                - Mantralaya Sri Raghavendira Swamy Mutt
Karnataka Vidyanidhi                   - Qutar Kannada Sangha

See also
Dvaita
Ashta Mathas of Udupi
Bannanje Govindacharya
Vyasanakere Prabhanjanacharya
SriVadirajaNamana
SriVijayadasaNamana
Ugabhogagalu
KanakaDasa Namana

References

Aralumallige_Parthasarathy
1948 births
Living people
Dvaitin philosophers
Kannada-language writers
Scientists from Bangalore
Translators of the Bhagavad Gita

Aralumallige Parthasarathy


The Chamak copper plates are an epigraphic record of the Vākāṭaka dynasty, documenting a land donation to brāhmaṇas in the reign of king Pravarasena II in the fifth century CE. They were found at Chamak, in District Amravati, Maharashtra, India.

Location
Chamak or Chammak is located 6.0 miles southwest of Acalpur according to Amravati district Gazetteer published by the Government of Maharashtra. According to J. F. Fleet the village is four miles s. w. of Ilichpur (Ellichpur). This is the old name for Achalpur. Chamak currently consists of a cluster of three villages on the banks of the Chandrabhāgā river with those on the eastern bank known as Chamak Khurd and Chamak Buzurg. The plates were found in a field near the village in the 19th century and were acquired by Major H. Szczepanski. They are now in the collection of the British Library registered under the number Ind. Ch. no. 16.

Publication
The Chamak copper-plate charter was read and published by John Faithfull Fleet in 1888. The record was subsequently published by V. V. Mirashi in 1963.

Description and Contents
The Chamak charter consists of a series of copper plates linked together with a ring held with a seal. The text of the inscription is Sanskrit throughout. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Pravarasena II, of the village Charmāka situated on the bank of the Madhunadī in the rājya of Bhojakaṭa. The grant consisted of 8000 bhūmi-s by the royal measure. The donees were a "thousand Brāhmaṇas", although only 49 are actually named. The grant was made at the request of Koṇḍarāja, the son of Śatrughnarāja. This Koṇḍarāja is also mentioned in line 45 of the Pattan copper plates. The grant is dated on the thirteenth tithi of the bright fortnight of Jyeṣṭha in the 18th regnal year. The senāpati was Citravarman. From the Belorā copper plates, Set B, we know that Citravarman was holding the same post seven years earlier in the 11th regnal year of Pravarasena II.

Metrics
The seal carries a verse in anuṣṭubh metre.

Text

Seal:

1) Vākāṭaka-lalāmasya
2) kkra(kra)ma-prāpta-nṛpaśriyaḥ [|*]
3) rājñaḥ Pravarasenasya
4) śāsanaṃ ripuśāsanaṃ[||*]

First plate.

1) dṛṣṭaṃ [||*] svasti [|*] pravarapurād-agniṣṭom-āptoryyām-okthya-ṣoḍaśy-ātirātra-
2) vājapeya-bṛhaspatisava-sādyaskra-caturaśvamedha-yājinaḥ
3) r-Viṣṇuvṛddha-sagotrasya samrā[ḍ] Vākāṭakānāṃ mahārāja-śṛ (read: śrī)-Pravarasenasya
4) sūnoḥ sūnoḥ atyanta-[s]vāmi-mahābhairava-bhaktasya a[*ṃ]sabhāra-santi(nni)veśi-
5) ta-śivali[ṅgo]dvahana-śiva-suparituṣṭa-samutpādi[ta]-rājava(vaṃ)śā-

Second plate : First side.

6) nām-parākram-ādhigata-Bhāgīratthyā(tthya)-mala-jala-mūrdrdhnā(rddh-ā)bhiṣiktānān-daś-ā-
7) śvamedh-āvabhṛtha-snātānām-Bhāraśivānāṃ mahārāja-śrī-Bhavanāga-dau-
8) hitrasya Gautamīputrasya putrasya Vākāṭakānāṃ mahārāja-śrī-Rudrase-
9) nasya sūnor-atyatna(nta)-māheśvarasya satyārjjava-kāruṇya-śauryya-vikkramana-
10) ya-vinaya-māhātmyā(tmya)-dhi(dhī)matva(ttva) hā(pā)trā(tra)gata-bhaktī(kti)tva-dharmmavī(vi)jayī(yi)tva-

Second plate : Second side.

11) mano-nairmmā(rmma)ly-ādiguṇais-samupetasya varṣaśatam-abhivarddhamāna-kośa-
12) daṇḍa-sādhana-sannā(ntā)na-putra-pautriṇaḥ Yyudhiṣṭhira-vṛtne(tte)r-Vvākāṭakā-
13) nāṃ mahārāja-śrī-Pṛthiviṣeṇasya sūnor-bbhagavataś-cakkrapāṇeḥ prasā-
14) d-opārjjita-śrī-samudayasya Vākāṭakānāṃ mahārāja-śrī-Rudrasena-
15) [sya] sūnor-mmahārājādhirāja-śrī-Devagupta-sutāyāṃ Prabhāva-

Third plate : First side.

16) tiguptāyām-utpanta(nna)sya śambhoḥ prasāda-dhṛti(ta)-kārttayugasya
17) Vākāṭakānām-paramamāheśvara-mahārāja-śrī-Pravarasenasya vacanā[t*]
18) Bhojakaṭa-rājye Madhu-nadī-taṭe Carmmāṅka-nāma-gra(grā)maḥ rājamānika-bhu(bhū)mi-
19) sahasrair-aṣṭābhiḥ 8000 śśatra(tru)ghna-rājaputra-Koṇḍarāja-vijñā(jña)ptyā nānāgo-
20) tra-caraṇebhyo brāmhaṇebhyaḥ sahasrāya dattaḥ [|*]

Third plate : Second side.

21) yatosmat-santakā[ḥ*]-sarvvāddhyakṣ-ādhiyoga-niyuktā ājñā-sañca(ñcā)ri-kulaputr-ādhikṛtā
22) bhaṭā-cchā(śchā)trāś-ca viśruta-pūrvva-yājñay-ājñāpayitavyā viditam-astu vo yathe-
23) h-āsmā-kammano dharmm-āyur-bbala-vijay-aiśvaryya-vivṛddhaye ih-āmutra-hitā-
24) rttham-ātm-ānugrahāya vaijai(jayi)ke dharmmasthāne apūrvvadatyā(ttya) udaka-pūrvva-
25) m-atisṛṣṭaḥ [|*] ath-āsy-ocitāṃ pūrvvarāj-ānumatāṃ cāturvaidya-grāma-ma
26) ryyādān-vitarāmas-tad-yathā akaradāyī abhaṭa-ccha(cchā)tra-prāveśya[ḥ*]

Fourth plate : First side.

27) apārampara-gobalivardda[ḥ*] apumpa(ṣpa)-kṣīra sandoha[ḥ*]-aca(cā)rā-
28) sanacarmm-āṅgāra[ḥ*] alavaṇa-klinna-kreṇi-khanaka[ḥ*] sarvva-veṣṭi-pari-
29) hāra-parīhṛtaḥ sanidhi-ssopanidhiḥ saklipt-opakliptaḥ
30) ācandr-āditya-kālīyaḥ putra-pautr-a(tr-ā)nugamikaḥ bhuja(ñja)tāṃ na ke-
31) nacid-vyāghātaṃ(taḥ) kartavya-ssarvvakriy-ābhissaṃrakṣitavyaḥ para(ri)varddhayi-
32) tava(vya)ś-ca [|*] yaś-c-āyaṃ śāsanam-agaṇayamāno(naḥ) svalpa(lpā)m-api [pa*]ribādhāṃ-

Fourth plate : Second side.

33) nku(ku)ryyāt-kārayitā vā tasya brāhmaṇair-vveditasya sava(da)ṇḍa-nigrahaṃ kuryyā-
34) m || asmi(smiṃ)ś-ca dharmmāva(da)ra-karaṇe ati(tī)t-ānekarāja-datna(tta)-sañcitna(nta) na-
35) paripālanaṃ kṛta-puṇy-ānukīrttana-parihār-ārtthaṃ na kīrttayāmaḥ [|*]
36) Vyāsagītau c-ātra ślokau pramāni(ṇī) karttavyau [|*] svadatnā(ttā)m-paradatna(ttāṃ)
37) vvā(vā) yo hareta vasundharāṃ(ram) | gavāṃ śatasahasrasya hattu(ntu)-

Fifth plate : First side.

38) r-harati duṣkṛtaṃ(tam) [||1||*] ṣaṣṭiṃ varṣa-sahasrāni(ṇi) svargge modati bhū-
39) midaḥ[|*] ācchettā c-ānumantā ca tānyeva narake vased-iti [||2||*] śśā(śā)sana-
40) sthitiś-c-eyaṃ brāhmaṇair-īśvaraiś-c-ānupālanīyā [|*] tad-yathā rājñāṃ sa-
41) ptāṅge rājye adroha-pravṛnta(ttā)nāṃ [a*]brahmagna-caurā(ra)-pāradārika-rājā-
42) patthy-akāriprabhṛti(tī)nāṃ saṃgra(grā)ma[m*] kurvvatāṃ anyagrāma(m-e)ṣvana-||

Fifth plate : Second side.

43) para(rā)ddhānāṃ ācandr-āditya-kālīyaḥ[|*] atonyathā kurvvatām-anumodatāṃ vā
44) rājñaḥ bhūmicchedaṃ kurvvantaḥ(taḥ) asteyam-iti [|*] prā(pra)ti[grā]hiṇaś-c-ātra
45) vāraniyuttā(ktāḥ)[|*] śāṭyāyanaḥ Gaṇāryyaḥ Vātsyadevāryyaḥ Bhāradvāja-
46) Kumāra-śarmmāryya[ḥ*]-Pārāśaryya-Guhaśarmmā Kāśyapa-Deva(vā)ryyaḥ Maheśvarāryya[ḥ*]
47) Mātrāryyaḥ Koṇḍiṇya(nya)-Rudrāryya[ḥ*] Somāryya[ḥ*] Hariśarmmāryya[ḥ*]

Sixth plate : First side:

48) Bhāradvāja-Kumāraśa[rmmā]ryya[ḥ*] Kauṇḍiṇya(nya)-Mā[tṛ]śarmmā Varaśarmmā
49) Goṇḍaśarmmā Nāgaśarmmā Bhāradvā[ja*]-śāntiśarmmā Rudraśarmmā Vātsyaḥ
50) Bhojaka-Da(de)vāryya[ḥ*] Maghaśarmmā Devaśarmmā Bhāradvāja-Mokṣaśarmmā
51) [Nā]gaśarmmā Revatiśarmmā Dharmmāryya[ḥ*] Bhāradvāja-śarmmāryya[ḥ*]
52) Nandanāryya Mūlaśarmmā īśvaraśarmmā Varaśarmmā

Sixth plate : Second side.

53) Vānsya-Skandāryya[ḥ*] Bhāradvāja-Bappāryya[ḥ*] Dharmmāryya[ḥ*] ātreya-Skandāryya[ḥ*]
54) Gautama-Somaśarmmāryya[ḥ*] Bhatṛ(rtṛ)śarmmā[ḥ*] Rudraśa[rmmā]ryya Maghāryya[ḥ*] Mātṛ-
55) śarmmāryya[ḥ*] īśvaraśarmmāryya[ḥ*]-Gautama-sagotra-Mātṛśarmmā-
56) ryya[ḥ*]-Kauṇḍiṇya(nya)-Devaśarmmāryya[ḥ*] Varaśarmmāryya[ḥ*] Rohāryya[ḥ*]

Seventh plate.

57) Gautama-sagotra-Svāmide[vā]ryya[ḥ*]-Revatiśarmmāryya[ḥ*]
58) Jyeṣṭhaśarmmāryya[ḥ*] śāṇḍilya-Kumāraśarmmāryya[ḥ*] Svātiśarmmā-
59) ryya śa(śā)ṭyāyana-Kāṇḍa(ṇḍā)ryya-prabhṛtayaḥ [|*] senāpatau
60) Citravarmmaṇi saṃvvatsar-eṣṭādaśa(śe) 10 8 Jyeṣṭhamāsa-śukla-
61) pakṣa-trayodaśyā(śyāṃ)-śāsanaṃ likhitam-iti ||

__

Commentaries and variants.

L.1 Read ṣoḍaśy-atirātra-. (Mi.)
L.3 Read Viṣṇuvṛddha; Mi. read samrājo.
L.10 Fleet proposed to read māhātmyādhikatva, but it gives no good sense. The Paṭṭan plates(No. 13) give dhīmattva in line 11.
L.14 Engraver at first write jji, then correct to rjji. (Mi.)
L.18 Engraver at first write ṅkā, then correct to ṅka. (Mi.)
L.23 Read yath-eh-āsmābhir-ātmano. (Mi.)
L.26 Read -maryyādāṃ vitarāma-; Engraver at first wrote dāyai, then correct to dāyī. (Mi.)
L.28 Read viṣṭi-. (Mi.)
L.29 Read parihṛtaḥ; sakлptopakлiptaḥ. (Mi.)
L.32 Read yaścedaṃ or yaścāsmacchāsanaṃ as in No.13. l.35; after [pa*]ribādhāṃ - kuryyā engraved, then cancelled. (Mi.)
L.33 Read kārayedvā. (Mi.)
L.36 The sign of upadhmānīya after pramāni(ṇī) is cancelled. (Mi.)
L.39 Originally ccha, later corrected into ca. (Mi.)
L.42 To ṣvana-|| - this punctuation mark must be omitted. (Mi.)
L.43 Originally vvā, later corrected into vā. (Mi.)
L.44 To prā(pra)ti[grā]hiṇaś- : originally gvā, later corrected into grā. (Mi.)
L.46 To Maheśvarāryya[ḥ*]: this -ryya incised below rā of maheśvarā. (Mi.)
L.53 To Vānsya-: read vātsya. (Mi.)

Translation
Seal.
A charter of king Pravarasêna, the ornament of the Vâkâtakas, who has attained royal dignity by, inheritance, (is) a charter for (the observance of even his) enemies!
Plates.
Sight has been attained! Hail! From the town of Pravarapura;
(Line 17.)-At the command of the most devout worshipper of (the god) Mahêshvara, the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Pravarasêna (II.), who was begotten on Prabhâvatiguptâ, the daughter of the Mahârâjadhirâja, the glorious Dêvagupta; who, through possessing the favour of (the god) Shambhu, is (as virtuous as) one belonging to the Krita age;-
(Line 13.) -(And) who is the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Rudrasêna (II.), who acquired an abundance of good fortune through the favour of the divine (god) Chakrapâni;
(L. 9.)-Who was the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Prithivishêna, who was an excessively devout worshipper of (the god) Mahêshvara; who was endowed with an excess of truthfulness, straightforwardness, tenderness, heroism, prowess, political wisdom, modesty, and high-mindedness, and with devotion to worthy people and guests, and with the condition of being victorious through religion, and with purity of mind, and with other meritorious qualities; who belonged to an uninterrupted succession of sons and sons' sons, whose treasure and means of government had been accumulating for a hundred years; who behaved like Yudhishthira;-
(L. 4.)-Who was the son of the Mahârâja of the Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Rudrasêna (I.), who was an excessively devout devotee of (the god) Svâmi-Mahâbhairava; who was the daughter's son of the illustrious Bhavanâga, the Mahârâja of the Bhârashivas, whose royal line owed its origin to the great satisfaction of (the god) Shiva, (caused) by (their) carrying a linga of Shiva placed as a load upon (their) shoulders, (and) who were besprinkled on the forehead with the pure water of (the river) Bhâgirathî that had been obtained by (their) valour, (and) who performed ablutions after the celebration of ten ashvamêdha-sacrifices;-who was the son of Gautamiputra;-
(L. 1.)-(And) who was the son of the son of the Mahârâja of the sovereign Vâkâtakas, the illustrious Pravarasêna (I.), who celebrated the agnishtôma, aptôryâma,
ukthya, shôdashin, âtirâtra, vâjapêya, brihaspatisava, and sâdyaskra sacrifices and four ashvamêdha-sacrifices, (and) was of the Vishnuvriddha gôtra;-
(L. 18.)-The village named Charmânika, on the bank of the river Madhunadi, in the Bhôjakata kingdom, (measured) by eight thousand bhûmis, (or in figures) 8000, according to the royal measure, is, at the request of Kondarâja the son of Satrughnarâja, given to one thousand Brâhmans of various gôtras and charanas.
(L. 21.)-Wherefore Our obedient and high-born officers, employed in the office of general superintendents, (and Our) regular soldiers and umbrella-bearers, should be (thus) directed with a command preceded by (the words) 'O illustrious one':- Be it known to you, that, in order to increase Our religion and life and strength and victory and dominion, (and) for the sake of (Our) welfare in this world and in the next, (and generally) for Our benefit, this (village) is granted, in (Our) victorious office of justice, as a grant not previously made, with libations of water.
(L. 25.)- "Now We grant the fixed usage, such as befits this (village), (and) such as has been approved of by former kings, of a village which belongs to a community of Chaturvêdins; namely, it is not to pay taxes; it is not to be entered by the regular troops or by the umbrella-bearers; it does not carry with it (the right to) cows and bulls in succession of production, or to the abundance of flowers and milk, or to the pasturage, hides, and charcoal, or to the mines for the purchase of salt in a moist state; it is entirely free from (all obligation of) forced labour; it carries with it the hidden treasures and deposits, and the klripta and upaklripta; it is (to be enjoyed) for the same time with the moon and the sun; (and) it is to follow (the succession of) sons and sons' sons. No hindrance should be caused by any one to those who enjoy it. It should be protected and increased by all (possible) means. And whosoever, disregarding this charter, shall give, or cause to be given, even slight vexation, We will inflict on him punishment, together with a fine, when he is denounced by the Brâhmans."
(L. 34.)-And in this document, which has at least (the merit of) religion,-in order to avoid boasting of (other) meritorious actions performed (by Us),--We do not recite (Our) care and protection of grants made by various kings who are dead and gone.
(L. 36.)-And two verses, sung by Vyâsa, are to be cited as an authority on this point: -Whosoever confiscates land that has been given, whether by himself, or by another, he incurs the guilt of the slayer of a hundred thousand cows! The giver of land enjoys happiness in heaven for sixty thousand years; (but) the confiscator (of a grant), and he who assents (to an act of confiscation), shall dwell for the same number of years in hell!
(L. 39.)-And this condition of the charter should be maintained by the Brâhmans and by (future) lords; namely (the enjoyment of this grant is to belong to the Brâhmans) for the same time with the moon and the sun, provided that they commit no treason against the kingdom, consisting of seven constituent parts, of (successive) kings; that they are not slayers of Brâhmans, and are not thieves, adulterers, poisoners of kings, &c.; that they do
not wage war; (and) that they do no wrong to other villages. But, if they act otherwise, or assent (to such acts), the king will commit no theft in taking the land away.
(L. 44.)-And the recipients, appointed for the occasion in this matter, (are): Ganârya, of the Shâtyâyana (gôtra). Dêvârya, of the Vâtsya (gôtra). Kumârasharmârya, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra). Guhasharman, of the Pârâsharya (gôtra). Dêvârya, of the Kâshyapa (gôtra); Mahêshvarârya, (and) Mâtrârya. Rudrârya, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and) Sômârya, (and) Harisharmârya. Kumârasharmârya, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra). Mâtrisharman, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and) Varasharman, Gôndasharman, (and) Nâgasharman. Shântisharman, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra); (and) Rudrasharman, Bhôjakadêvârya, of the Vâtsya (gôtra); (and) Maghasharman, (and) Dêvasharman. Môkshasharman, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra); (and) Nâgasharman, Rêvatisharman, (and) Dharmârya, Sharmârya, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra); (and) Nandanârya, Mûlasharman, Îshvarasharman, (and) Varasharman. Skandârya, of the Vâtsya (gôtra). Bappârya, of the Bhâradvâja (gôtra); (and) Dharmârya. Skandârya, of the Âtrêya (gôtra), Sômasharmârya, of the Gautama (gôtra); (and) Bhartrisharman, Rudrasharmârya, Maghârya, Mâtrisharmârya, (and) Îshvarasharmârya. Mâtrisharmârya, of the Gautama (gôtra). Dêvasharmârya, of the Kaundinya (gôtra); (and) Varasharmârya, (and) Rôhârya. Svâmidêvârya, of the Gautama (gôtra); (and) Rêvatisharmârya, (and) Jyêshthasharmârya. Kumârasharmârya, of the Shândilya (gôtra); (and) Svâtisharmârya. (And) Kândârya, of the Shâtyâyana (gôtra); and so forth.
(L. 59.)-(This) charter has been written, while Chitravarman is the Sênâpati, in the eighteenth year, (or in figures) 10 (and) 8, on the thirteenth lunar day of the bright fortnight of the month Jyêshtha.

See also
Indian inscriptions

Notes

External links
British Library
British Museum Research Project : Politics, Ritual and Religion : Epigraphic Findspots

Vākāṭaka inscriptions
Sanskrit inscriptions in India
5th-century inscriptions

Chamak copper plates


is a superhero tokusatsu series of films part of the Kamen Rider Den-O franchise, particularly its Cho-Den-O Series. It was released beginning on May 22, 2010, with each subsequent chapter of the trilogy released in two week intervals. Each of the films' subtitles contains the name of the protagonist.

To promote the film, the Tokyo Metro had a special marking on its trains going from Ueno to Nakano-fujimichō on the Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line. On the opening of this special line, actress Rina Akiyama greeted 200 fans who rode on the first train.

Episode Red
The first of these films is . The catchphrase for the movie is . It is described as a slasher and it focuses on Kamen Rider Zeronos, particularly his red Zero Form. The story is that of the younger Yuto Sakurai and Airi Nogami, his older self's wife, and the circumstances behind their relation. It premiered in theaters on May 22, 2010. A vinyl Deneb toy is to be released as a special gift for the film. Yuichi Nakamura reprises his role as Yuto Sakurai and Wakana Matsumoto reprises as her role as Airi Nogami in this film.

Plot
After a review of the love between Yuto Sakurai and Airi Nogami, with the man sacrificing his existence to help his past incarnation act as Kamen Rider Zeronos in order to protect both Airi and time itself, scene opens to Airi and Ryotaro are renovating the Milk Dipper. Seigi Ozaki and Issē Miura arrive while Ryotaro is suddenly possessed by Momotaros who spirits him off while telling him that the DenLiner has been hijacked by an Imagin. But on the way, M-Ryotaro senses two thugs attacking Airi during her walk and arrives in time to beat them out of thinking they are in league with the Imagin, only to hear that a young man put them up to it. Seeing Yuto leaving the scene makes it more confusing as M-Ryotaro loses him before Urataros calls that the DenLiner stopped thanks to the manual brakes.

When Ryotaro gets to the DenLiner, he learns the card the Imagin put in the DenBird had no clear date and causes the train to travel anywhere within the month January 2010. Furthermore, as the Owner of the DenLiner reassures the passengers, the time train would eventually crash if the brakes fail. When Momotaro accuses Yuto of being behind it, Deneb appears from the passenger car to explain he engineered a kidnapping so Yuto can be with Airi. But the plan never occurred as Yuto kicked him out the ZeroLiner upon hearing the plan. When the DenLiner's brakes start to fail, the Owner sends Ryotaro and the Tarōs to anchor the train to May 2010 by tying it to a concrete block outside of the sands of time.

Back at the Milk Dipper, two thugs appear at the Milk Dipper to intimidate Airi, but Yuto appears just in time to save her. He is about to leave when Airi offers him sweet coffee. From outside, the mastermind of the two attacks, Hiroshi Kikuchi, fumes that his plan to save Airi failed as Piggies Imagin mocks him while reminding him if their a contract where Kikuchi is promised the chance to impress Airi and gain her love. Sensing the Imagin, Momotaros is unable to act as he hurt his back from working. Urataros possesses Ryotaro and finds the Piggies Imagin, fighting him as Den-O Rod Form before Deneb arrives for support as Piggies Imagin spirits Kikuchi. After Urataros, Ryotaro and Deneb return to the Milky Dipper as they find Yuto and Airi talking before the latter laments how she may never be with Sakurai as the former knows he wants to see her again. Deneb takes it hard before he meets up with Yuto to apologize before he gets a plan to fix everything while the Piggies Imagin plans his own scheme. Leaving for his time as the Owner measures everything in response to a call from the Station Master, Ryotaro leaves to find the ropes anchoring the DenLiner to May 2010 snapping, leaving the boy on his own to find the Imagin and contract holder.

The next day, with Ozaki and Miura acting as her bodyguards, Airi is taking a walk until the Piggies Imagin knocks them out and kidnaps her. Arriving to her aid, Ryotaro assumes Den-O Plate Form to save her, only to be easily defeated as Yuto becomes Zeronos Zero Form to fight the Piggies Imagin. But when the Imagin reveals he intends to kill Kikuchi if this scheme fails, Zeronos is forced to take a fall. However, unable to follow the plan, Kikuchi is forced to see Imagin throw Airi into the back of the truck and claims that his contract with Kikuchi is complete. However, unable to prove himself a hero, Kikuchi drives off with the Imagin jumping after him. Zeronos follows the truck in the ZeroLiner for some time before switching to the ZeroHorn while Ryotaro chases foolishly until he finds Momotaros dressed as a homeless man. Momotaros is overjoyed by this and hugs Ryotaro as Ryotaro comforts him. Momotaros reveals he jumped out of the DenLiner on January 12, 2010 and had been living under a bridge with some homeless people for four months. He also mentions how he first witnessed Kikuchi becoming enamored with Airi at the time before joining Ryotaro in his chase after the Imagin.

Still chasing the truck, assuming Vega Form, Zeronos uses ZeroLiner Naginata to knock the Piggies Imagin off of the truck as Ryotaro and Momotaros arrive and transform into Kamen Rider Den-O. By then, as Den-O Sword Form is outmatched with an attack to the back, the DenLiner is brought back under control by the KingLiner. With Urataros, Kintaros, and Ryutaros, Den-O transforms into Climax Form and uses his Extreme Slash to easily destroy the Piggies Imagin. Meanwhile, when the truck's brakes are no longer working and heading to a cliff, Zeronos transforms into Altair Form to save Airi, leaving Deneb on the ZeroHorn. With Airi in his arms, the two leap out of the truck as Deneb shoots at its tires to turn it onto its side before it reaches the cliff, saving Kikuchi as well while Airi comes to see Yuto looking over her. As Yuto takes Airi back to town, Deneb heads to the DenLiner as he laments failing Yuto in getting Airi's love as Ryotaro assures him that might be someday. Using the ZeroHorn to take Airi back to town, Yuto stops as they see the starry sky and Airi realizes that Yuto was the man she used to love.

Episode Blue
The second film,  follows on June 5, featuring the blue-colored Kamen Rider New Den-O. The catchphrase for the movie is . The story is themed around "Friendship" and features Kotaro's and Teddy as their partnership is put to the test. The director Kenzō Maihara states that fans of the TV series will enjoy this part of the trilogy, and he also has intentions to turn New Den-O's story into a brand new Den-O television series. Dori Sakurada reprises his role as Kotaro Nogami in this film.

Plot
At the Time Terminal, the PA system announces to the patrons of the Time-Crossing Flea Market that a ticket thief has been appearing over the past few days, and that they should keep an eye out. The thief appears, defeating several security guards while getting several time tickets, including one dated for June 10, 2010. Arriving to the present, the thief is cause off caught by Ryotaro as he becomes Den-O Sword Form. During the fight, the thief is revealed to be the Mantis Imagin as she strikes Den-O's ankle to cripple him as DenLiner saves Den-O before his opponent could finish him off. With Momotaros and Ryotaro unable to continue, the Owner reassures the DenLiner crew that they still have hope as Sieg arrives. The Owner clarifies that Sieg is not the one he summoned, but Kotaro and Teddy who are investigating the crime scene at the Time Terminal. Before they leave, after saving Kotaro from numerous cases of bad luck, Teddy spots something in one of the Time Terminal's stands: a good luck necklace that has a pendant of two interlocked stars. Arriving to the DenLiner as it docks, Kotaro learn from the Owner that his contract with Teddy is complete as the contract, and now the Owner needs his assistance due to his special nature. Teddy reluctantly agrees, taking on the name "Aleksandrovic" to go with the change of contract. Kotaro leaves the DenLiner to continue after the Mantis Imagin, with no one to protect him from his bad luck.

Arriving to the Milk Dipper, Kotaro overhears Airi, Seigi Ozaki, and Issē Miura discussing about a girl named Miku Uehara who saw a doppelganger of herself. Kotaro has an elephant-costumed Kintaros arrives to Miku's house as he finds the girl with her grandmother and the "doppelganger", the latter with sand pouring from her body. By then, the Mantis Imagin decides to intervene by distracting Kotaro to drive him away from the family. After Kintaros possesses him to reduce the bad luck inflictions, Kotaro becomes New Den-O to fight the Mantis Imagin with Kintaros as the Kintaono axe. But the Kintaono is too heavy for New Den-O to wield as Mantis Imagin beats them before taking her leave.

Back on the DenLiner, while Kohana tends to Kotaro's injuries, the Owner orders "Aleksandrovic" to polish the special spoons they found. When Ryotaro asks about a way for Teddy to help Kotaro again, the Owner explains that any derailment from his current contract could destroy the Imagin. Though, Kotaro accepts as he decides to investigate the two Mikus, with Ryutaros possessing Kotaro in the process. Arriving at the grandmother's house, R-Kotaro discovers that the grandmother is testing the two Mikus to see which of the two is the real Miku by having both make asazuke. Though R-Kotaro points out that the second cannot be real due to the sand pouring from her, the grandmother explains that she will decide. After a tie from the cooking, the two Mikus play tennis. As Ryutaros goes off to play on his own, leaving him to realize that Teddy protected him from his bad luck and he took him for granted, Kotaro ponders what is going on until the Mantis Imagin deems the contract completed. Luckily, the DenLiner arrives in time pick up Kotaro and the second Miku and drop off Ryotaro who joins with Ryutaros to become Den-O Gun Form. While glad that the other girl is gone, Miku leaves to her grandmother's dismay.

On the DenLiner, the second Miku reveals that she is from the not too-distant future that came to spend her birthday with her grandmother before she dies. Her sad story reaches Kotaro and Teddy as Ryutaros is knocked back into the DenLiner, with Ryotaro at the Mantis Imagin's mercy. Seeing Teddy about to derail from his contact, Kotaro tells Miku he understands her plight before going off with Urataros, using him as the Uratazao rod to fight the Mantis Imagin. But the Mantis Imagin defeats New Den-O once more. On the DenLiner, as future Miku runs off after being told the consequences of her contract, Teddy leaves as well as he would rather protect Kotaro even if he may disappear forever. Saving Kotaro from the Mantis Imagin on the New DenBird as future Miku returns to her grandmother's house, Teddy and Kotaro admit their bonds of friendship before transforming into New Den-O and the Macheteddy and together they fight the Mantis Imagin in the moonlight, finally beating the Imagin before destroying her with his Counter Slash.

Soon after, Teddy fades from existence as he gives Kotaro the good luck pendant he bought to symbolize their friendship, only for Kotaro realize it to be a love charm. While that occurs, future Miku spends her time with her grandmother who assures her the future would not be bleak after knowing her true nature. Returning to her time, August 25, 2010, Miku finds a note from her grandmother thanking her for the memories she gave her as the wind chime Miku got for her birthday jingles in the background. Back on the DenLiner, everyone is saddened as the Owner arrives with a new Imagin partner for Kotaro: "Aleksandrovic". With the others shocked, the Owner reveals Kotaro's friendship with Teddy saved him and restored their contract. Though the others were confused by the whole point of the Owner's actions, along with Sieg's appearance, Kotaro believes it was to teach him a valuable lesson as he and Teddy are returned to their time.

Episode Yellow
The final film is . The catchphrase for the movie is . It was released on June 19; advertising for the film currently focuses on the cyan-colored Kamen Rider Diend who only has minor yellow accents on his suit and a yellow Diend Kamen Ride card. The story features Daiki Kaito traveling to the World of Den-O again, chased by Reiji Kurosaki as Kamen Rider G Den-O for his crimes against the timeline. Kimito Totani stated in his blog that he reprises his role as Daiki Kaito from Kamen Rider Decade for the film. Kamen Rider Diend's Complete Form appears in the film.

Plot
At night in Tokyo, a man jumps from building to building, leaving sparkly sand as he moves. Momotaros and the other Tarōs pursue him, with Momotaros thinking he met him before as the figure easily dispatches his pursuers. When Ryotaro arrives, the Spider Imagin possessing the man emerges, having completed the contract with the boy's appearance. Ryotaro uses a Rider Ticket on the man, chasing the Imagin to November 22, 2008, with Den-O Sword Form quickly taking the Spider Imagin out. As Momotaros and the others look around for the Rider Pass he tossed aside while performing the finishing attack, they see the possessed man from before holding it, revealing that he used the Spider Imagin to possess him so he could hijack the DenLiner as Momotaros remembers who this man is: "that robber rider" Daiki Kaito.  Stranding Ryotaro and the Tarōs in 2008, Daiki holds the Owner and Naomi at gunpoint as the Owner reveals his plans to steal time failed as the DenLiner can only go to the date on the ticket as it was a strong memory that keeps it from fading. Realizing that there is a treasure nearby, Daiki runs off to find it.

Seeing the DenLiner over the distance, Ryotaro and the Tarōs chase after it until Ryotaro sees Daiki running off in another direction. He finds Daiki confronting his past self, shooting him dead to Ryotaro's shock. However, past Daiki's wound heals as he runs off with Daiki shooting him more. Soon as the Tarōs arrive, a man suddenly appears from another point in time with a golden revolver trained on Daiki, Officer Reiji Kurosaki. He has come to arrest Daiki for threatening to cause a time paradox before transforming into Kamen Rider G Den-O as Daiki responds by becoming Kamen Rider Diend. Ryotaro and the Taros watch G Den-O as he overwhelms Diend with his advanced arsenal and the intelligence of the artificial Imagin Eve before arresting him. However, with the Time Police taking over, G Den-O arrests the Tarōs on the charge of altering time and deporting Ryotaro to his time. Only Urataros escapes long enough to witness past Daiki stealing a briefcase from the Kurosaki estate, pushing aside a young boy who got in his way, before G Den-O finds him. Back in the present time, as Issē and Ozaki look at the drawing Ryotaro made of their family, Ryotaro talks to Kohana of what Urataros told him prior to his arrest. Overhearing their talk, Ozaki remembers that a theft occurred at the Kurosaki estate on that date: someone broke in and stole the family's golden gun. But it leaves the question: why did Daiki go to that moment of his past?

At the Time Police's jail, the Imagin try to talk their way out as Daiki complains about their nosy racket as Urataros reveals he knows about his robbery. By then, Kurosaki arrives with two guards, ignoring the Taros while telling him they will be judged while phrasing what Urataros heard Daiki tell a young boy in the past. By then, the Owner appears to bail the Taros before being arrested as an accomplice with the DenLiner now Time Police property as Daiki manages to grab one of the guards, faking a wish to give up his life of crime to sneak the keys off of the man and using them to free himself, throwing the keys to the Imagin a bit out of reach. After failed attempts to get the keys, they find that Ryotaro and Kohana have been arrested as well and put into the cell next to the Tarōs who are still trying to reach the keys. Ryotaro beckons for Momotaros to come closer, which Momotaros realizes what is being said as he possesses the boy, beating the guards with Kohana as she lets everyone free. Ryotaro says they still have to get to the DenLiner, and the Owner gives him an Infinity Ticket to solve the mystery while he has a meeting with the Station Master.

On the DenLiner, Naomi arrives to tell Kurosaki that Daiki has escaped. However, Kurosaki senses something off and aims his damaged golden gun at "Naomi," revealing her to be Daiki. Daiki then takes of his Naomi disguise as he is forced off the DenLiner at gunpoint and clearance to execute. Daiki attempts to distract Kurosaki by pointing that Ryotaro and company are behind him as the DenLiner crew takes control of the DenLiner once more and returns to November 22, 2008. Daiki has used the DienDriver to latch onto the back of the DenLiner, traveling with them as Eve deems them all suitable for execution. Diend manages to get to the DenLiner's cockpit and holds Den-O at gunpoint, forced to explain that the purpose of his time trip was to undo the chain of events that left the gun damaged while Daiki was distracted by several letters hidden in the box so he can steal it in mint condition. Though the others refuse to help, Ryotaro decides to help Daiki with Urataros backing it up. Arriving at November 22, 2008, the group is ambushed by G Den-O as Den-O holds him off in his Ax and Gun Forms before Momotaros takes over the fight.

With Urataros possessing him to save him, Daiki transforms into Diend and uses the UraRod to deflect bullets back before using the Invisible Attack Ride Card to catch G Den-O off guard. By them, Daiki manages to make it to where his past self is before the gun is damaged, though Kurosaki appears. Before Daiki can get to his DienDriver once more, Kurosaki shoots him with the golden gun. The bullet goes through Daiki and hits the case the past Daiki is carrying, knocking it out of his hands, sending the papers within flying as Daiki gets the golden gun. Enraged that he was used, losing his golden gun as time has been altered so that it was never damaged and possessed by Daiki, Kurosaki stopped when he noticed the letters from the box. Daiki and Kohana reveal the letters to all to be from his mother, with the latter revealing to Kurosaki that his mother did love him and wishes to see him. Though Kurosaki feels he cannot let go of his hate, Daiki tells him that the letters should be his treasure. Eve hears this and becomes extremely enraged that Kurosaki refuses to give in to his hateful desires and, in turn, perform the final judgement that Eve desires. Declaring that humans can no longer be trusted, Eve takes matters into his own hands and transforms into G Den-O, promising to end all life on Earth that he deems illogical.

As everyone tries to escape from the artificial G Den-O, Daiki runs into his past self and asks for his aid against G Den-O. Both transform and past Diend steals the golden gun as he falls back. Den-O arrives to support Diend with the others. Den-O's four main forms are easily overpowered by G Den-O until Den-O assumes Climax Form. Kurosaki then arrives and Diend saves him from a stray shot. As Kurosaki holds the letters, he wonders if he can ever truly trust people, to which Diend tells him that as long as he believes in his dream, he will someday. As a personal act of gratitude towards Diend for opening his eyes to what truly matters in life, Kurosaki presents him with a special blue-colored K-Touch, which he soon uses to become Diend Complete Form. He then uses the Attack Ride Gekijouban Card to summon Kamen Riders G4, Ryuga, Orga, Glaive, Kabuki, Caucasus, Arc, and Skull, and, as a group with Den-O Climax Form, use their final attacks to finally put G Den-O (Eve) out of his misery once and for all.

In the end, before entering the Hikari Photo Studio, Daiki thanks Ryotaro and Kohana for their help as Kurosaki goes to visit his mother at a flower shop, wanting to talk to her as he learns that she truly cared for him. On the DenLiner, as the others are perplexed as the Owner arrives with the Station Master as they start a contest where they are flicking balls of fried rice at plates at distances with the Owner using the spoons from Episode Blue used as a golf club while they measure the distance with the tape from Episode Red. Soon after, Naomi serves everyone coffee as Ryotaro's regular mug is missing, realizing that Daiki must have taken it. Back at the photo studio, though he believes that would be their last meeting, Daiki would never forget Kamen Rider Den-O.

Kamen Rider G Den-O
The only new Kamen Rider that appears in the Cho-Den-O Trilogy films is .  is a member of a space-time police force called the . By using the artificial Doberman Pinscher Imagin  trapped in a  and the , Kurosaki is able to transform into G Den-O. G Den-O is thematically based on an American police car. G Den-O is able to create a barrier and do time-travel without using a time train. Like Den-O and New Den-O, G Den-O is armed with a  which he primarily uses in  and the new . G Den-O's Full Charge attack is the , and when it is activated, Eve proclaims "Perfect Weapon!", shortly before a barrier encompasses G Den-O so he can attack with a series of shots from Gun Mode while the red and blue lights on his Den-Kamen light up. G Den-O's Full Charge attack using Jutte Mode called the  was not used in the movie. He is ultimately destroyed by the combined efforts of Kamen Rider Diend Complete Form (with Kamen Riders G4, Ryuga, Orga, Glaive, Kabuki, Caucasus, Arc and Skull) and Kamen Rider Den-O Climax Form.

Cast
All films' cast
:
:
:
:
:  of RUN&GUN
:
:
Episode Red cast
:
:
Yuto Sakurai (Adult):
Episode Blue cast
:
:
:
Episode Yellow cast
:
:
:

Voice actors
All films' cast
:
:
:
:
Episode Red cast
:
: , ,
Episode Blue cast
:
:
:
Episode Yellow cast
:
:
DienDriver Voice, K-Touch Voice:

Music
Episode Red theme
"Action-Zero 2010"
Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
Composition: LOVE+HATE & Shuhei Naruse
Arrangement: Shuhei Naruse
Artist: Yuto Sakurai & Deneb (Yuichi Nakamura & Hōchū Ōtsuka)
Episode Blue theme
"Double-Action Strike form"
Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
Composition: LOVE+HATE & Ryo (of defspiral)
Arrangement: Ryo (of defspiral)
Artist: Kotaro Nogami & Teddy (Dori Sakurada & Daisuke Ono)
Episode Yellow theme

Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
Composition: Shuhei Narusei & LOVE+HATE
Arrangement: LOVE+HATE
"Climax-Action ~The Den-O History~" is a medley of all of the "Climax Jump" and "Double-Action" variations, as well as "Action-ZERO" and "Real-Action", composed for the TV series. It does not have a specified artist.

In addition to these three singles, the  was released on May 26, 2010, and the  consisting of 20 CDs and 2 DVDs, amassing a total of 350 songs, is scheduled for release on July 28, 2010, including the new song "Climax Jump for U".

References

External links

Films directed by Osamu Kaneda
2010 films
2010s Japanese-language films
Cho-Den-O Trilogy
Crossover tokusatsu films
Films directed by Takayuki Shibasaki
Films scored by Toshihiko Sahashi

Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider × Kamen Rider The Movie: Cho-Den-O Trilogy


Apple Inc. has announced major new and redesigned products and upgrades through press conferences, while minor updates often happen through press releases on Apple Newsroom. The press conferences have historically garnered a significant following in traditional and online media. The detailed agenda of the event is often kept as a secret to create buzz, and only unveiled during the event, though event taglines sometimes give hints. These events are usually streamed live on Apple's website and, in recent years, YouTube channel. Video replays of most Apple events since 2007 are available on Apple's "Apple Events" podcast.

Apple has often announced new products at the annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC), despite it being mainly software-focused.

Apple has held events at the following venues:
 Moscone West, San Francisco
 Yerba Buena Center for the Arts, San Francisco
 Bill Graham Civic Auditorium, San Francisco
 Flint Center, Cupertino
 McEnery Convention Center, San Jose
 Steve Jobs Theater (Apple Park), Cupertino
 Online-only (2020–March 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic)
 Both online and in-person (June 2022–present, despite the COVID-19 pandemic)

1984

Macintosh event (January 24, 1984)
The Macintosh was shown to shareholders at the Flint Center in Cupertino.

Macintosh event (Boston Computer Society)
The Macintosh was shown for a second time.

1998

Seybold Seminars New York 1998
Steve Jobs introduced the first Apple Studio Display. It was Apple's first desktop monitor to use LCD technology instead of CRT technology.

1999

WWDC 1999
WWDC 1999 was held in May 1999.

Macworld Expo NY '99 (July 21, 1999)
Macworld New York 1999 was in July. Apple launched the iBook with optional wireless networking.

Seybold 1999
Seybold 1999 was held in the late summer.

Steve Jobs announced the Power Mac G4 and the first Apple Cinema Display, a 22-inch LCD display.

Apple special event (October 5, 1999)
The event was held at the Flint Center. Mac OS 9 was shown, the iMac DV was unveiled, and iMovie was introduced. A significant proportion of the audience was made up of Apple employees.

2000
There were multiple Macworld events in 2000:

Macworld 2000 (San Francisco)
Macworld 2000 was held on January 5, 2000, in San Francisco.

Macworld 2000 in San Francisco featured the unveiling of the new "Aqua" user interface and "Quartz" graphics engine of Mac OS X, and Jobs' announcement that its first version would be released in January 2001 after a final preview release. Jobs also announced that he had been promoted to full-time CEO of Apple.

2001

Macworld 2001 (San Francisco)
 The PowerBook G4 was announced, featuring a titanium design.
 Updates to Mac OS X were shown.

2002

Macworld 2002 San Francisco (January 7, 2002)
Steve Jobs announced:
 The iMac G4, featuring an LCD display for the first time in an iMac.
 A new iBook with a 14" screen for $1799, alongside price and spec changes in the existing 12-inch models.
 iPhoto

During the keynote, there was a demonstration of new versions of Adobe software including Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop.

The keynote was announced to be streamed live over the internet via QuickTime.

The iMac G4 was leaked the night before the event from Time Magazine.

Macworld 2002 New York (July 17, 2002)
Steve Jobs introduced:
 Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar, including iCal, iSync, .Mac, and iTunes 3.
 New iPods at lower prices, both 5GB and 10GB models, with the 10GB model having a solid state click wheel. A 20GB model was also introduced. Versions of the iPods for Windows were also announced.
 A new version of the iMac G4 with a 17-inch screen.

Apple Expo 2002, Paris (September 10, 2002)
Much of the keynote consisted of a demo of Apple's new Mac OS X v10.2 operating system. It was announced that as of January 2003 all new Mac models would boot only into Mac OS X. Steve Jobs also overviewed iCal and iSync and announced the availability of iCal on that day.

2003

Macworld 2003 San Francisco (January 20, 2003)
Steve Jobs demoed iLife and introduced the 17-inch PowerBook G4.

WWDC 2003 (June 23, 2003)
Steve Jobs introduces XCode and the Power Mac G5.

Apple Expo Paris 2003 (September 16, 2003)
Steve Jobs announced:
 An updated 17 inch and 12 inch Powerbook G4.
 The first Aluminum 15 inch Powerbook G4.
 A new wireless keyboard and mouse.

2004

Macworld 2004
Macworld 2004 was held in San Francisco.

Music Event London (June 15, 2004)

Steve Jobs announced that the iTunes music store would expand to Europe.

WWDC 2004 (June 28, 2004)
New Cinema Displays with DVI connectors were announced. Mac OS X Tiger was also announced.

Music Event (October 26, 2004)
Steve Jobs introduced the iPod Photo line and a U2 iPod.

2005

Macworld 2005 (January 2005, San Francisco)
The iPod Shuffle was announced.

The Mac Mini, iLife '05, and iWork were announced.

Steve Jobs announced that Apple sold more than 4.5 million iPods in the 2004 holiday quarter, compared to 733,000 iPods in the 2003 Holiday quarter.

At the event, Steve Jobs referred to 2005 as the "year of HD video editing."

WWDC 2005 (June 6–10, 2005)
After a basic market update, Jobs announced that Apple would transition the Macintosh platform to Intel x86 processors after using PowerPC for more than a decade. The keynote featured developers from Wolfram Research, who discussed their experience porting Mathematica to Mac OS X on the Intel platform. The conference consisted of 110 lab sessions and 95 presentation sessions, while more than 500 Apple engineers were on site alongside 3,800 attendees from 45 countries. The band The Wallflowers played at the Apple campus.

Apple music event, September 7, 2005
The event was at the Moscone Convention Center in San Francisco.

Steve Jobs announced:
 The iPod Nano.
 Details about the Motorola ROKR iTunes phone.
 iTunes 5

Jobs also announced that the Harry Potter series of books would be available on the iTunes store as audiobooks.

Kanye West gave a performance. His performance was given after the announcements of the ROKR phone and the iPod nano. He performed Gold Digger and one other song. West's performance was later removed from Apple's online Quicktime stream.

Apple special event, October 2005

Steve Jobs announced:
 A new iMac G5 with a front-facing camera built in.
 Photo Booth
 The iPod Video

2006

Macworld 2006 (January 10, 2006)
Apple introduced its first Intel-based computers, the iMac and MacBook Pro. Apple also announced new versions of iLife and iWork: iLife '06 and iWork '06. Apple released the first universal binary version of Mac OS X on the same day (version 10.4.4).

Apple special event (February 28, 2006)
At the Apple Special Event on February 28, 2006, Steve Jobs announced the iPod Hi-Fi speaker system at the Town Hall conference center in Cupertino.

WWDC 2006 (August 7–11, 2006)
In 2006, Steve Jobs once again delivered the keynote presentation at the WWDC, which was held from August 7 to August 11 in Moscone Center West, San Francisco. The Mac Pro was announced as a replacement for the Power Mac G5, which was Apple's prior pro desktop computer and the last remaining PowerPC-based Mac. The standard Mac Pro featured two 2.66 GHz dual core Xeon (Woodcrest) processors, 1 GB RAM, 250 GB hard drive, and a 256 MB video card. An Xserve update, based on the dual core Xeons, was also announced. Redundant power and Lights Out Management were further product improvements to Apple's server lineup. While certain key Mac OS X improvements were undisclosed, there were 10 improvements in the next iteration, Mac OS X Leopard (10.5), including: full 64-bit app support, Time Machine, Boot Camp, Front Row, Photo Booth, Spaces (Virtual Desktops), Spotlight enhancements, Core Animation, Universal Access enhancements, Mail enhancements, and Dashboard enhancements (including Dashcode), and iChat enhancements. Along with the Leopard features that were announced, a major revision to the Mac OS X Server product was announced. New features to the Server included: a simplified set-up process, iCal Server (based on the CalDAV standard), Apple Teams (a set of web-based collaborative services), Spotlight Server, and Podcast Producer. The 2006 WWDC attracted 4,200 developers from 48 countries, while there were 140 sessions and 100 hands-on labs for developers. More than 1,000 Apple engineers were present at the event, and the DJ BT performed at the Apple Campus in Cupertino.

Apple special event (September 12, 2006)
Apple announced the Apple TV (code-named iTV at the time) at this event, along with refreshes to their iPod lineup.

2007

Macworld Conference & Expo San Francisco 2007 (Tuesday, January 9, 2007)
Venue: Moscone West, San Francisco, California

Host: Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO

Presenters:
 Phil Schiller, Senior Vice President Worldwide Product Marketing, Apple Inc.
 Dr. Eric Schmidt, CEO, Google
 Jerry Yang, co-founder and Chief Yahoo!, Yahoo!
 Stan Sigman, CEO, Cingular

Podcast Episode Description: "Watch Apple CEO Steve Jobs kick off the Macworld Conference & Expo 2007 with a keynote address from San Francisco's Moscone West. Check out the exciting new developments at Apple, which include the addition of Paramount movies to iTunes, Apple TV, which allows you to wirelessly play all of your iTunes content from your Mac or PC on your television, and the pioneering iPhone. This revolutionary product is a widescreen iPod with touch controls, a mobile phone, and an Internet communications device all in one."

Notable Information:
 One year after the announcement of the transition from PowerPC to Intel processors Jobs calls the transition "the smoothest and most successful transition that we've ever seen in the history of our industry".
 Jobs announces that over half of all new Mac sales are to "switchers" - users who have never before owned a Mac.
 Ad: "I'm a Mac, I'm a PC" ad about Windows upgrading to Vista.
 Jobs announces the iPod has become "the world's most popular video player" and the iPod nano is "the world's most popular MP3 player" and the iPod shuffle is "the world's most wearable MP3 player".
 2 billion (cumulative) songs purchased and downloaded from iTunes.
 5 million songs purchased and downloaded every day from iTunes.
 Apple becomes the 4th largest retailer of music behind Walmart, Best Buy, and Target - pulling ahead of Amazon.
 Over 350 TV shows now offered on iTunes with 50 million TV shows purchased and downloaded. 1.3 million movies purchased and downloaded.
 Jobs announces Paramount will join as a partner to sell movies on iTunes. A total of 250 movies now offered on iTunes.
 Jobs announces that as of November 2006 NPD reports iPod has 62% share of portable music device market share.
 Ads: 2 versions of iPod "silhouette" commercial featuring Flathead by The Fratellis.
 Update on Apple TV (formerly iTV) with demo. Priced at $299 and set to ship the following month ("February"). Orders available following the keynote.
 Introduction of the iPhone, "a revolutionary product that changes everything". "Today Apple is going to reinvent the phone."
 Introduction of "Multi-Touch", a patented user interface used on the iPhone.
 First iPhone 4 GB model to launch at $499 with a 2-year contract. 8 GB model to launch at $599 with a 2-year contract.
 First iPhones to ship in the United States in June.
 Apple partnering with Cingular as an exclusive partner for the iPhone.
 Renaming of "Apple Computer, Inc" to "Apple Inc." to recognize the shift from being a computer company to a broader technology company.

The following day, Apple shares hit $97.80, an all-time high at that point. In May, Apple's share price passed the $100 mark.

WWDC 2007 (June 11–15, 2007)

WWDC 2007 was held from June 11 to June 15. During the event, Apple announced the release of iPhone OS 1, as well as iPhone (1st generation).

Special Event 2007 (August 7, 2007)

Apple presented the first iMacs made from aluminum instead of plastic. The Mac Mini was also refreshed. iLife '08 and iWork '08 were also announced.

Apple music event 2007 (September 5, 2007)
The event was called "The Beat Goes On". Apple announced the first generation iPod touch.

2008

Macworld Conference & Expo San Francisco 2008 (Wednesday, January 16, 2008)
Venue: Moscone West, San Francisco, California

Host: Steve Jobs, Apple's CEO

Presenters:
 Jim Gianopulos, Chairman & CEO, 20th Century Fox
 Paul Otellini, CEO, Intel

Podcast Episode Description: "Watch Apple CEO Steve Jobs kick off the Macworld Conference & Expo 2008 with a keynote address that covers exciting developments at Apple, including the MacBook Air and the addition of movie rentals to iTunes and on Apple TV."

Notable Information:
 Microsoft has begun shipping Microsoft Office for Mac 2008.
 Jobs introduced Time Capsule, a wireless Time Machine back-up appliance based on and including AirPort Extreme.
 Jobs reports 4 million iPhones have sold in the 200 days they've been shipping.
 Gartner report for Q3 2007 shows iPhone #2 (19.5%) in US SmartPhone Marketshare, behind RIM (Blackberry) (39.0%).
 Jobs mentions the Software Developer Kit (SDK) for iPhone.
 Jobs spoke to new features in iPhone software release that was released day-of. iPod Touch to get new apps and software update for $20.
 Jobs introduced iTunes movie rentals. Launching with over 1000 movies. New movies available 30 days after DVD release. Rentals between $2.99 and $3.99.
 Jobs introduced an updated Apple TV "Take 2", a free software upgrade, that no longer required a computer. Price dropped from $299 to $229.
 Jobs introduced the MacBook Air - "the world's thinnest notebook". MacBook Air launched with an 80 GB HDD standard or an optional 64 GB SSD. MacBook Air will launch at $1799. Shipping starts 2 weeks from the keynote.
 Ad: MacBook Air "envelope" ad featuring New Soul by Yael Naïm.

iPhone Software Roadmap Event (March 6, 2008)

Apple announced push technology in iPhone OS, the iPhone SDK and iPhoneOS 2.0.

WWDC 2008 (June 9–13, 2008)
Announcements at the keynote included the App Store for iPhone and iPod Touch, the stable version of the iPhone SDK, a subsidized 3G version of the iPhone for Worldwide markets, version 2.0 of iPhone OS, Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6), and the replacement/rebranding of .Mac as MobileMe.

Apple special event (September 9, 2008)
Updates on iTunes and music from Jobs, retirement of the larger form-factor iPod Classic with hard drive capacity increased on the remaining iPod Classic, and a new iPod Nano. At this event Jobs also joked "the reports of my death are greatly exaggerated".

Apple special event (October 14, 2008)
The Unibody Macbook Pro was announced.

A teaser for the event had the title "The spotlight turns to notebooks."

2009

Macworld SF 2009
Phil Schiller presented the event. Steve Jobs was not at the event.
 Phil Schiller announced that the iTunes Store would start to sell DRM-free tracks.
 The 17-inch unibody Macbook Pro was announced.
 iLife '09 and iWork '09 were announced.

WWDC 2009 (June 8–12, 2009)
Announcements at the keynote included the release of the iPhone OS 3.0 software announced to developers in March, a demonstration of Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6), the new 13" MacBook Pro, updates to the 15" and 17" MacBook Pros, and the new iPhone 3GS.

Apple special event (September 9, 2009)
Announcements at the keynote included the release of iTunes 9, ability to purchase Ringtones for iPhone, iTunes LP, the 5th-generation iPod nano, 3rd-generation iPod touch, and a thinner 160GB 6th-generation iPod classic.

2010

Apple special event (January 27, 2010)
The iPad was announced on January 27, 2010, by Steve Jobs at an Apple press conference at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.

Jobs later said that Apple began developing the iPad before the iPhone, but temporarily shelved the effort upon realizing that its ideas would work just as well in a mobile phone. The iPad's internal codename was K48, which was revealed in the court case surrounding leaking of iPad information before launch.

Apple special event (April 8, 2010)

Steve Jobs presented the event. Apple revealed iOS 4 (then known as iPhone OS 4). In Apple's description, it includes "over 100 new user features for iPhone and iPod Touch owners to enjoy. And for developers, a new software development kit (SDK) offers over 1500 new APIs to create apps that are even more powerful, innovative, and amazing."

WWDC 2010 (June 7–11, 2010)
On June 7, 2010, Jobs announced the iPhone 4. Also, iPhone OS was renamed to iOS. The FaceTime and iMovie app for iPhone applications were also announced.

Apple special event (September 1, 2010)
Steve Jobs opened iOS 4.1, iOS 4.2 Preview, 4th gen Shuffle, 6th gen Nano, 4th gen iPod Touch, iTunes 10 with Ping. and 2nd gen Apple TV.

Apple's 'Back to the Mac' event (October 20, 2010)
A preview of Mac OS X Lion was shown, featuring updated design elements that took inspiration from the iPad. Steve Jobs opened the event.

iLife '11 was announced, featuring updated versions iPhoto, iMovie, and Garageband. Gerhard Lengeling, Senior Director of Music Creation Applications at Apple helped to give a demo of the new version of Garageband. iLife '11 was announced to be free with every new Mac, and $49 for existing Macs.

Attention was given to FaceTime; Steve Jobs announced that Apple had shipped 19 million FaceTime-capable devices (iPod touches and iPhones) since June of 2010, when FaceTime was first launched. FaceTime for the Mac was announced.

2011

Apple special event (March 2, 2011)
Apple sent invitations to journalists on February 23, 2011, for a media event on March 2. Apple CEO Steve Jobs revealed the iPad 2 device at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts on March 2, 2011, despite being on medical leave.

WWDC 2011 (June 6–10, 2011)
Mac OS X Lion, iOS 5, the cloud service iCloud and iTunes Match were announced.

This keynote was not streamed live.

Steve Jobs opened the event. Phil Schiller covered new features of Mac OS X Lion such as new multitouch scrolling and a change in how full-screen applications could be handled. It was the last event to be held by Steve Jobs.

Apple special event (October 4, 2011)
On October 4, 2011, Apple held a media event in which it introduced Find My Friends, refreshed the iPod Nano and iPod Touch, and revealed the iPhone 4s with its all-new Siri voice assistant. The event was led by Tim Cook.

2012

Apple special event (March 7, 2012)
On February 28, 2012, Apple announced a media event scheduled for March 7, 2012, at the Yerba Buena Center. Apple didn't disclose in advance what would be announced at the event, but it was widely expected to be a new version of the iPad.  It was also rumored that Apple might release a new television set top box.  The announcement affected the tablet resale market, and Apple's stock price reached a record closing figure on the same day that the Dow Jones Industrial Average reached a closing figure of above 13,000 for the first time since the Global Financial Crisis.  (Apple is not a Dow Jones component.)

The keynote began 10 AM PST (18:00 UTC) with Cook introducing iOS 5.1, a Japanese version of Siri, and the 3rd generation Apple TV before the 3rd generation iPad. Eddy Cue gave a demo of the new Apple TV interface. At the media event, Cook talked about a 'post-PC world', a world where the personal computer is no longer the center of one's digital life, and of how the 3rd generation iPad will be one of the main contributors of the 'post-PC world'.

WWDC 2012 (June 11–15, 2012)

WWDC 2012 was held in Moscone Center West from June 11 to June 15. The ticket price remained the same as the 2010 WWDC, selling at US$1,599. Apple changed the purchasing process by requiring purchases to be made using an Apple ID associated with a paid Apple developer account. Tickets went on sale shortly after 8:30 am Eastern Time on Wednesday April 25, 2012, and were sold out within 1 hour and 43 minutes. The keynote highlighted the launch of Apple Maps, and also announced new models of the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro including one with Retina Display. Apple also showcased OS X Mountain Lion and iOS 6.

In prior years, attendees were required to be at least 18 years old. In 2012, Apple changed this requirement to at least 13 years after a minor who was "accidentally" awarded a student scholarship in 2011 successfully petitioned Tim Cook to retain the award. Despite the change, Beer Bash attendees were still required to be 18 years old, and 21 years old to consume alcohol, in accord with local and federal laws. Neon Trees performed at the WWDC Bash.

This keynote was streamed live exclusively on iOS devices and OS X, through the Safari web browser on June 11, 2012.

Apple special event (September 12, 2012)
Phil Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of worldwide marketing, took the wraps off the new iPhone for press gathered at the company's San Francisco event, calling the device "the most beautiful product we've ever made, bar none." The iPhone 5 is made entirely of glass and aluminum, Schiller said, adding that the "exacting level of standards" exhibited by the phone is Apple's best hardware engineering to date.

It's the thinnest and lightest iPhone, at 7.6mm thin, and 112 grams. Schiller said those measurements make it the world's thinnest smartphone. The iPhone 5 was also volumetrically smaller than the previous model, the iPhone 4S.

Apple special event (October 23, 2012)
On October 23, Apple CEO Tim Cook unveiled the new iPad Mini, fourth generation iPad with Retina display, new iMac, and the 13-inch MacBook Pro with Retina display.

2013

WWDC 2013 (June 10–14, 2013)
In 2013, WWDC 2013 was held from June 10 to June 14 at Moscone West in San Francisco – the same venue as in previous years. Tickets went on sale at 10 am PDT on April 25, 2013, selling out within 71 seconds (1 minute and 11 seconds). Apple also announced that it will award 150 free WWDC 2013 Student Scholarship tickets to those who want to attend in order to benefit from the conference's many workshops, with applications for a scholarship starting 9am PDT on April 29, 2013, and deadline slated for 5pm PDT on May 2, 2013. Winning applicants were notified by May 16, 2013, though Apple states that it won't reimburse winners for travel or hotel expenses. In the keynote, Apple unveiled a redesigned model of the Mac Pro, AirPort Time Capsule, and AirPort Extreme as well as updated models of the MacBook Air.  Apple also showcased OS X Mavericks, iOS 7, iWork for iCloud and a new music streaming service named iTunes Radio. Vampire Weekend performed at the Bash on June 13 at the Yerba Buena Gardens.

This keynote was streamed live on June 10, 2013.

Apple special event (September 10, 2013)
Apple announced the iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S during a media event called "This should brighten everyone's day." at its Cupertino headquarters on September 10, 2013. While the iPhone 5C became available for preorder on September 13, 2013, the iPhone 5S first became available on September 20, 2013. While most of the promotion focused on Touch ID, the 64-bit Apple A7 was also a highlight during the event:

Schiller then showed demos of Infinity Blade III to demonstrate the A7's processing power and the iPhone 5S camera using unretouched photographs. The release of iOS 7 on September 18, 2013, was also announced during the keynote.

Apple special event (October 22, 2013)
Apple held a second Fall event in 2013 under the name of "We still have a lot to cover". This event saw the unveiling of the iPad Air, the second-generation iPad mini with Retina display, and updates to the MacBook Pro line. Tim Cook also announced that OS X Mavericks would be available for free.

2014

WWDC 2014 (June 2–6, 2014)
At Moscone West, Apple presented the new version of OS X named Yosemite as well as the new iOS version, iOS 8. The biggest news however was the completely new programming language for Mac and iOS called Swift.

This keynote was streamed live on June 2, 2014.

Apple special event (September 9, 2014)
Presented on the "Wish we could say more" event was the most anticipated iPhone 6 and 6 Plus as well as a new payment system called Apple Pay. Also, the Apple Watch, the company's first smartwatch, was introduced. The event took place at Flint Center, in Cupertino.

Apple special event (October 16, 2014)

Apple's "It's been way too long" media event took place on October 16, 2014. The company used this event to unveil the iPad Air 2, iPad mini 3, and an updated iMac with a 5K Retina Display.

This keynote was streamed live on October 16, 2014.

2015

Apple special event (March 9, 2015)
Apple Special Event 2015 had the tagline "Spring Forward" and was broadcast live from Cupertino on Apple's website on March 9, 2015. It announced the release date and pricing for the anticipated Apple Watch, the MacBook's fourth redesign and iOS 8.2's same day release.  Apple also announced ResearchKit, a library designed to enable researchers to make study applications where participants can download them on their phones, electronic enroll & consent, and send survey and sensor data.  Five launch studies were introduced, including My Heart Counts, which enrolled over 11,000 participants in a single day.

WWDC 2015 (June 8–12, 2015)
WWDC 2015 was held from June 8 to June 12 in Moscone Center West in San Francisco. The major announcements were the new features of iOS 9, the next version of OS X called OS X El Capitan, the first major software update to the Apple Watch, the June 30 debut of Apple Music, and news that the programming language Swift was becoming open-source software supporting iOS, OS X, and Linux. The Beer Bash was held at the Yerba Buena Gardens on June 11. Walk the Moon performed there.

This keynote was streamed live on June 8, 2015.

Apple special event (September 9, 2015)

The "Hey Siri, give us a hint" event was held at the 7,000-seat Bill Graham Civic Auditorium in San Francisco. Apple announced and previewed watchOS 2 with native apps; the long-anticipated Apple TV update - with App Store, Siri Remote and tvOS; iPhone 6S and iPhone 6S Plus with the Apple A9, 3D Touch, 12MP camera; iOS 9 update coming September 16;  and iPad Mini 4 together with iPad Pro with 12.9" Retina display, optional keyboard/cover, and the Apple Pencil stylus. OneRepublic performed at the event.

This keynote was streamed live on September 9, 2015. For the first time, Windows users were able to watch it live using Microsoft Edge, the native Windows 10 browser.

2016

Apple special event (March 21, 2016)
Apple invited the press media for its event "Let us loop you in" on March 21, 2016, in their own theatre "Town Hall" (at 1 Infinite Loop).  iPad Pro (9.7-inch), the first-generation iPhone SE, CareKit and updates to Apple Watch, HealthKit, ResearchKit and tvOS were released.

WWDC 2016 (June 13–17, 2016)
Apple invited the press media and developers for its event on June 13, 2016, at Moscone West to unveil new versions of iOS, watchOS, tvOS, and macOS, a revamped Apple Music design, and the Swift Playgrounds app - a learning tool for programming.

This keynote was streamed live on June 13, 2016.

Apple special event (September 7, 2016)
Apple hosted a media event on September 7, 2016, with the invitation's tagline "See you on the 7th". iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced at the event along with Apple's new wireless AirPods. iOS 10, watchOS 3 and tvOS 10 were released six days later. Sia performed at the event.

Apple special event (October 27, 2016)
Apple hosted another media event on October 27, 2016, with the tagline "hello again". A new generation of MacBook Pro and a new TV app was announced at the event.

2017

WWDC 2017 (June 5–9, 2017)

The 2017 Apple WWDC was held from June 5 to June 9 in San Jose, California, at its Convention Center. There were multiple hardware announcements at the event. Software announcements included iOS 11, watchOS 4, tvOS 11 and macOS High Sierra. An all-new second generation iPad Pro model was introduced with thinner bezels and a 10.5-inch screen size. It acquired many of the specs from the iPhone 7 and an A10X chip. The iPad Pro 12.9-inch was also refreshed with updated internals. Apple previewed several new Mac models, such as the MacBook, MacBook Pro, iMac, and an all-new iMac Pro. Apple's final announcement was HomePod.

Apple special event (September 12, 2017)

Apple hosted a media event on September 12, 2017, with the tagline "Let's meet at our place". The tagline was a reference to Apple holding its first-ever event at the newly completed Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. At the event, Apple Watch Series 3, Apple TV 4K, iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced at the event. iOS 11, watchOS 4 and tvOS 11 were released a week later.

2018

Apple special event (March 27, 2018)
Apple hosted a media event on March 27, 2018, at the Lane Technical College Prep High School in Chicago. The 2018 iPad was announced at the education-focused event.

WWDC 2018 (June 4–8, 2018)
WWDC 2018 was held from June 4 to June 8 at the San Jose Convention Center in California. The announcements at the event included iOS 12, macOS Mojave, watchOS 5, and tvOS 12. Panic! at the Disco performed at the Bash at Discovery Meadow Park.

Apple special event (September 12, 2018)
Apple hosted another media event on September 12, 2018, with the tagline "Gather round". It was held at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. The Apple Watch Series 4, the iPhone XS and XS Max, and the iPhone XR were announced at the event. iOS 12, watchOS 5 and tvOS 12 were released five days later.

Apple special event (October 30, 2018)
Apple hosted another media event on October 30, 2018, with the tagline "There's more in the making." It was held at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in Brooklyn, New York City. The new MacBook Air 2018 model, Mac Mini 2018 model, and the 11-inch and 12.9-inch third generation iPad Pro were announced at the event.

The event closed with a live performance of Lana Del Rey singing How to Disappear and an edited version of Venice Bitch from her upcoming album Norman Fucking Rockwell!

2019

Apple special event (March 25, 2019)
Apple hosted a media event on March 25, 2019, with the tagline "It's show time." It was held at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. Apple News+, Apple Card, Apple Arcade and Apple TV+ were announced at this event.

WWDC 2019 (June 3–7, 2019)

WWDC 2019 was held from June 3 to June 7 at the San Jose Convention Center in California. At the keynote that kicked off the event, Apple announced iOS 13, iPadOS, macOS Catalina, tvOS 13, watchOS 6, a redesigned Mac Pro, the Pro Display XDR, and the new SwiftUI framework.

WWDC19 hosted over 5,500 attendees, including 350 winners of Apple's student challenge. For the latter, a separate "Scholarship Kickoff" was organized on June 2, before the conference start.

Weezer performed at the "Bash" meetup organized as part of WWDC at Discovery Meadow (located about half a kilometer from the convention center).

Apple special event (September 10, 2019)

Apple hosted a special event on September 10, 2019, with the tagline "By innovation only." It was held at the Steve Jobs Theater in the Apple Park campus. Apple TV+ updates, Apple Watch Series 5, iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max, and the 7th generation iPad were announced at the event. iOS 13 and watchOS 6 were released nine days later. iPadOS and tvOS 13 were also released the following five days.

The event was streamed live on YouTube for the first time, in addition to the usual streaming on Apple's website and through an Apple TV channel.

2020

WWDC 2020 (June 22–26, 2020)

WWDC 2020 was held from June 22 to June 26. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire event took place as a virtual conference for the first time. The announcements at the online special event keynote on June 22 included iOS 14, iPadOS 14, watchOS 7, tvOS 14, macOS Big Sur and the Mac transition to Apple silicon. The keynote was recorded at Apple Park in Cupertino, California.

Apple event (September 15, 2020)
An Apple Event was held on September 15, 2020, with the tagline "Time flies." It took place as a virtual event, pre-recorded at Apple Park. Amongst the many announcements include the Apple Watch Series 6, the Apple Watch SE, the fourth-generation iPad Air, and the eighth-generation iPad. iOS 14, iPadOS 14, watchOS 7 and tvOS 14 were released a day later.

Apple event (October 13, 2020)
An Apple Event was held on October 13, 2020, with the tagline "Hi, Speed." It also took place as a virtual event at Apple Park, just like the previous one held on September 15. The HomePod mini, iPhone 12 mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro, and iPhone 12 Pro Max were announced at the event. Preorders for iPhone 12 and iPhone 12 Pro began on October 16 and shipping began on October 23. The iPhone 12 mini and iPhone 12 Pro Max were available for preorder on November 6, and started shipping on November 13. Verizon CEO Hans Vestberg appeared alongside Tim Cook to discuss 5G.

Apple event (November 10, 2020)
An Apple Event was held on November 10, 2020, with the tagline "One more thing." It also took place as a virtual event at Apple Park, just like the previous two held on September 15 and October 13. It focused on the Apple M1, the new Apple silicon chip, and the new Apple silicon-powered models of the MacBook Air, Mac mini, and 13" MacBook Pro. macOS Big Sur was released two days later. John Hodgman appeared in a cameo at the end of the event.

2021

Apple event (April 20, 2021)
An Apple Event was held on April 20, 2021, with the tagline "Spring Loaded." It also took place as a virtual event at Apple Park, just like the previous three held on September 15, October 13 and November 10, 2020. It revealed a new iPad Pro and iMac with the Apple M1 chip, Apple TV 4K, AirTag, and a new purple color option for iPhone 12 and 12 Mini, and announced new features for iOS 14.7.

WWDC 2021 (June 7–11, 2021)
WWDC 2021 was held from June 7 to June 11. As with the previous WWDC in 2020, it took place as a virtual event, with its keynote pre-recorded at Apple Park. The announcements at the online special event keynote on June 7 included iOS 15, iPadOS 15, watchOS 8, tvOS 15 and macOS Monterey.

Apple event (September 14, 2021)
An Apple Event was held on September 14, 2021, with the tagline "California streaming." It also took place as a virtual event at Apple Park and at locations across California, much like the previous two held on April 20 and June 7. During the event, it revealed the new iPad with the Apple A13 chip, the new iPad mini with the Apple A15 chip, the Apple Watch Series 7, and the iPhone 13 mini, iPhone 13, iPhone 13 Pro, and iPhone 13 Pro Max. iOS 15, iPadOS 15, watchOS 8, and tvOS 15 were released six days later. Pre-orders for iPhone 13, iPhone 13 mini, iPhone 13 Pro, and iPhone 13 Pro Max began on September 17 and shipping began on September 24.

Apple event (October 18, 2021)

An Apple Event was held on October 18, 2021, with the tagline "Unleashed." It again took place as a virtual event and was livestreamed from Apple Park. During the event, Apple announced an Apple Music Voice Plan, new color options for HomePod mini (blue, yellow, and orange, which became available in November), AirPods (3rd generation), and new MacBook Pro 14" and 16". MacOS Monterey was released a week later. The new MacBook models have a new design, bringing back previously removed ports, and are powered by Apple's M1 Pro and M1 Max processors, which replaced the Intel processors in the previous 16" model.

2022

Apple event (March 8, 2022)

An Apple Event was held on March 8, 2022, with the tagline "Peek Performance" at 10 a.m. PST. It was once again held as a virtual event. A new iPhone SE with 5G capabilities and an enhanced camera was announced. Pre-orders for the new iPhone SE began on March 11, 2022, and shipping began on March 18, 2022. New "Green/Alpine Green" color options for the iPhone 13 and iPhone 13 Pro were also announced. A new iPad Air with the M1 SoC and 5G was announced as well in the event, along with the Mac Studio, which introduces the M1 Ultra SoC along with the Mac, as well as a new dedicated monitor that is meant for the desktop computer, the Studio Display. It is the first Apple-branded consumer monitor since the discontinuation of the Apple Thunderbolt Display and is not to be confused with the  "Apple Studio Display (1998-2004)" series. It features a design reminiscent to the Pro Display XDR, but it sits below the level of the professional monitor display bundled with the 3rd generation Mac Pro.

WWDC 2022 (June 6–10, 2022)
WWDC 2022 was held from June 6 to June 10. Just like WWDC 2020, held from June 22 to June 26, and WWDC 2021, held from June 7 to June 11, it also took place as a virtual event, although there was a special day at Apple Park on June 6, allowing developers and students to watch the online events together. Software announcements at the online special event keynote on June 6 included iOS 16, iPadOS 16, watchOS 9, tvOS 16 and macOS Ventura. Hardware announcements included the M2 chip and two Macs based on it, a redesigned MacBook Air and an updated 13-inch MacBook Pro.

After two years of online only events due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, WWDC 2022 was the first in-person Apple Event since WWDC 2019. The opening keynote was still pre-recorded, with a limited number of developers and members of the press invited to Apple Park. The viewing occurred at Caffè Macs inside Apple Park, with seating extending outside.

Apple event (September 7, 2022)
An Apple Event was held on September 7, 2022, with the tagline "Far out". It took place as an in-person event at the Steve Jobs Theater at 10 a.m. PDT, making it the first event conducted in-person since the September 10, 2019, event.
It also took place as a virtual event at Apple Park and at locations across California, just like the previous one held on March 8. During the event, it revealed the Apple Watch Series 8, the second-generation Apple Watch SE, the new Apple Watch Ultra, the second-generation AirPods Pro, the iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Plus with the Apple A15 chip, and the iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max with the Apple A16 chip. Preorders for iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, iPhone 14 Pro, and iPhone 14 Pro Max began on September 9; shipping for iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Pro, and iPhone 14 Pro Max began on September 16, while shipping for iPhone 14 Plus began on October 7. iOS 16, watchOS 9, and tvOS 16 were released on September 12.

2023

WWDC 2023 (June 5–9, 2023)
WWDC 2023 was held from June 5 to June 9. Just like WWDC 2020, held from June 22 to June 26, WWDC 2021, held from June 7 to June 11, and WWDC 2022, held from June 6 to June 10, it also took place online with an in-person experience at Apple Park. Hardware announcements at the online special event keynote on June 5 included the 15-inch MacBook Air, the next-generation Mac Studio with dual chips M2 Max and M2 Ultra, a newly upgraded Mac Pro with an M2 Ultra chip, and Apple Vision Pro, the new augmented reality headset which also has dual chips Apple M2, and Apple R1. Software announcements also included iOS 17, iPadOS 17, macOS Sonoma, watchOS 10, tvOS 17, and the visionOS operating system for the Apple Vision Pro.

Apple event (September 12, 2023)
An Apple event was held on Septmeber 12, 2023, with the tagline "Wonderlust". It took place online with an in-person experience at Apple Park on September 12, 2023, at 10 am PT. Apple announced Apple Watch Series 9, Apple Watch Series Ultra 2, iPhone 15, iPhone 15 Plus, iPhone 15 Pro, and iPhone 15 Pro Max. The entire iPhone 15 lineup switched to USB-C, replacing the  Lightning port (originally introduced in 2012) which started off with iPhone 5 and ended with the iPhone 14 series making them the last iPhones to use the Lightning port, being said in October 2022 to comply with the new EU regulations. iOS 17, iPadOS 17, watchOS 10 and tvOS 17 were released six days later, on September 18.

Apple event (October 30, 2023)
An Apple event was held on October 30, 2023, with the tagline "Scary fast", at 5:00pm Pacific Standard Time, making it Apple's first nighttime event. It introduced Macbook Pro and an iMac with Apple M3 family chips. It was Apple's first digital event to be shot on iPhone.

See also
 Apple Inc. advertising
 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference
 Macworld/iWorld
 Stevenote

References

Media events

List of Apple Inc. media events