In probability theory, statistics, and machine learning, recursive Bayesian estimation, also known as a Bayes filter, is a general probabilistic approach for estimating an unknown probability density function (PDF) recursively over time using incoming measurements and a mathematical process model. The process relies heavily upon mathematical concepts and models that are theorized within a study of prior and posterior probabilities known as Bayesian statistics.

In robotics
A Bayes filter is an algorithm used in computer science for calculating the probabilities of multiple beliefs to allow a robot to infer its position and orientation.  Essentially, Bayes filters allow robots to continuously update their most likely position within a coordinate system, based on the most recently acquired sensor data.  This is a recursive algorithm. It consists of two parts: prediction and innovation. If the variables are normally distributed and the transitions are linear, the Bayes filter becomes equal to the Kalman filter.

In a simple example, a robot moving throughout a grid may have several different sensors that provide it with information about its surroundings.  The robot may start out with certainty that it is at position (0,0).  However, as it moves farther and farther from its original position, the robot has continuously less certainty about its position; using a Bayes filter, a probability can be assigned to the robot's belief about its current position, and that probability can be continuously updated from additional sensor information.

Model
The measurements  are the manifestations of a hidden Markov model (HMM), which means the true state  is assumed to be an unobserved Markov process. The following picture presents a Bayesian network of a HMM.

Because of the Markov assumption, the probability of the current true state given the immediately previous one is conditionally independent of the other earlier states.

Similarly, the measurement at the k-th timestep is dependent only upon the current state, so is conditionally independent of all other states given the current state.

Using these assumptions the probability distribution over all states of the HMM can be written simply as:

However, when using the Kalman filter to estimate the state x, the probability distribution of interest is associated with the current states conditioned on the measurements up to the current timestep. (This is achieved by marginalising out the previous states and dividing by the probability of the measurement set.)

This leads to the predict and update steps of the Kalman filter written probabilistically. The probability distribution associated with the predicted state is the sum (integral) of the products of the probability distribution associated with the transition from the (k - 1)-th timestep to the k-th and the probability distribution associated with the previous state, over all possible .

The probability distribution of update is proportional to the product of the measurement likelihood and the predicted state.

The denominator

is constant relative to , so we can always substitute it for a coefficient , which can usually be ignored in practice. The numerator can be calculated and then simply normalized, since its integral must be unity.

Applications
 Kalman filter, a recursive Bayesian filter for multivariate normal distributions
 Particle filter, a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) based technique, which models the PDF using a set of discrete points
 Grid-based estimators, which subdivide the PDF into a deterministic discrete grid

Sequential Bayesian filtering
Sequential Bayesian filtering is the extension of the Bayesian estimation for the case when the observed value changes in time. It is a method to estimate the real value of an observed variable that evolves in time.

The method is named:
filtering when estimating the current value given past and current observations,
smoothing when estimating past values given past and current observations, and
prediction when estimating a probable future value given past and current observations.

The notion of Sequential Bayesian filtering is extensively used in control and robotics.

Further reading

Bayesian estimation
Nonlinear filters
Linear filters
Signal estimation

Recursive Bayesian estimation


Shoulder to Shoulder is a 1974 BBC television serial and book relating the history of the women's suffrage movement, both edited by Midge Mackenzie. The drama series grew out of discussions between Mackenzie and the actress and singer Georgia Brown, who was dissatisfied at the lack of decent roles for women in TV drama. Brown enlisted the producer Verity Lambert in the project she and Mackenzie were devising to dramatise the struggle for women's suffrage, and the three women presented the idea to the BBC, which gave approval for the series. Originally they had hoped to use only female script writers but this proved impracticable. Male writers were used and the three female originators of the project later said they needed to remove from their scripts a number of 'innuendoes, misconceptions and untruths' indicative of what Georgia Brown termed "the male point of view".

The TV series, directed by Waris Hussein and Moira Armstrong, dramatized the fight for the right to vote for British women. It covered the period from the 1890s to 1919 and followed the suffrage movement as it was influenced by the Pankhursts: Richard, Emmeline, Christabel and Sylvia, and Annie Kenney. The series was written by Douglas Livingstone, Alan Plater, Ken Taylor and Hugh Whitemore. The series was a co-production between the BBC and Warner Bros. Television. The designers were Susan Spence, Evan Hercules and Eileen Diss; costumes were by Joan Ellacott. Emmeline Pankhurst was played by Sian Phillips; her daughters Christabel and Sylvia by Patricia Quinn and Angela Down. Michael Gough played Emmeline's husband, Dr Richard Pankhurst. Georgia Brown played Annie Kenney, a mill worker who joined the cause and eventually became a dynamic speaker for the movement. Lady Constance Lytton, an upper class activist for women's suffrage who underwent force feeding in prison, was played by Judy Parfitt. Sally Miles played Flora Drummond; Sheila Allen, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. Fulton Mackay played the socialist leader Keir Hardie, Robert Hardy was Asquith and Bob Hoskins played Jack Dunn.

The book Shoulder to Shoulder documents the lives and works of some of Britain's leading suffragettes. It includes many excerpts from their speeches, diaries, letters, memoirs, other writings and various newspaper cuttings, photographs, and cartoons.

See also
 Iron Jawed Angels (2004 film)
 Suffragette (2015 film)
 Suffs (2022 musical)

References

External links

1974 British television series debuts
1974 British television series endings
1970s British drama television series
BBC television dramas
1970s British television miniseries
English-language television shows
Films directed by Waris Hussein
Films scored by Stanley Myers
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
Cultural depictions of Emmeline Pankhurst

Shoulder to Shoulder


Kenyon College ( ) is a private liberal arts college in Gambier, Ohio. It was founded in 1824 by Episcopal Bishop Philander Chase. It is the oldest private institution of higher education in the state of Ohio and enrolls approximately 1,800 undergraduate students. Students choose from over 50 majors, minors, and concentrations, including self-designed majors.

The college is located on a hill overlooking the Kokosing River and neighbors Mount Vernon, Ohio. Its  campus is set in rural surroundings and is home to the Brown Family Environmental Center (BFEC), which has over  and hosts seven different ecosystems. There are more than 120 student clubs and organizations on campus. Kenyon athletes are called Owls (previously the Lords and Ladies) and compete in the NCAA Division III North Coast Athletic Conference. Kenyon College is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

History

Founding

After becoming the first Episcopal Bishop of Ohio in 1818, Philander Chase found a severe lack of trained clergy on the Ohio frontier. He sailed to England and solicited donations from George Kenyon, Lord Gambier, and the writer and philanthropist Hannah More. The college was incorporated in December, 1824. Dissatisfied with the original location of the college in Worthington, Chase purchased  of land in Knox County (with the Mount Vernon lawyer Henry Curtis), and reached what he would name Gambier Hill on July 24, 1825.

The Kenyon Review

Kenyon's English department gained national recognition with the arrival of the poet and critic John Crowe Ransom in 1937 as professor of poetry and first editor of The Kenyon Review, a literary journal. During his 21-year tenure, Ransom published work by writers Allen Tate, Robert Penn Warren, William Empson, Mark Van Doren, Kenneth Burke, and Delmore Schwartz, as well as younger writers Flannery O'Connor, Robert Lowell, and Peter Taylor, among others. It was an influential literary magazine during the 1940s and 1950s.

The Kenyon Review hosts a two-week summer writing workshop on campus for high-school students. The Review sponsors an annual summer writers workshop for adults.

Academics

Kenyon requires students to take classes in each of the four academic divisions: fine arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences. In addition, students must study a foreign language. Its most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were: English, Economics, Psychology, Political Science, and Biology.

The Gund Gallery, a  visual arts center and exhibition space, was opened in 2011. It hosts lectures, public programming, and exhibitions from traveling shows and its permanent collection.

Admissions

Admission to Kenyon is considered "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report.

For the class of 2022 (enrolling fall 2018), Kenyon received 6,152 applications, accepted 2,204 (35.8%), and enrolled 539. For enrolled first-year students the middle 50% range of SAT scores was 640–730 for critical reading and 640–740 for math, while the ACT composite range was 29–33; the average GPA was 3.94.

Rankings

In 2006, Newsweek selected Kenyon College as one of twenty-five "New Ivies" on the basis of admissions statistics as well as interviews with administrators, students, faculty members, and alumni. Additionally, it was also listed in Greene's list of Hidden Ivies in 2000. Time'''s 2018–2019 "Best Colleges in America" report ranked Kenyon as the 214th best college in the country.

In the 2023 U.S. News & World Report rankings, Kenyon was tied for the No. 39 liberal arts college in the United States. In the 2022 Forbes rankings, Kenyon was ranked 40th among liberal-arts colleges and 176th among 650 colleges and universities in the United States. In 2022, CollegeSimply ranked Kenyon as the 2nd best institution of higher education in Ohio and the 61st best college or university overall.

Previously, Kenyon gained national recognition for LGBTQ inclusion. It was ranked as one of the best campuses for LGBTQ students in the country in both 2020 and 2021. It did not retain this ranking in 2022.

Although Kenyon is often ranked favorably, some methods that rank colleges based on their calculated return on investment (ROI) have been critical of Kenyon's value. The 2018 Payscale College ROI Report ranked Kenyon as the 983rd best value college in the country.

 Athletics

Kenyon's sports teams, which compete in the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), were referred to as the Lords and Ladies until May 2022 when a new mascot, the Owls, was announced. At various points in the past, the teams were also known as the Mauve, the Purple, the Purple and White, the Hilltoppers, and simply as Kenyon.

The men's swim team is notable in NCAA Division III, for having won, from 1980 through 2010, a record 31 consecutive NCAA national championships as well as consecutive titles between 2012 and 2015 for a total of 34 program titles, the most in any sport in NCAA history. The women's swim team has won 24 non-consecutive titles of their own since 1984, the most recent being in 2022.

In 2006, Kenyon opened the Kenyon Athletic Center (KAC), a  building that houses an Olympic-sized swimming pool, two basketball courts, eight squash courts, a weight room, a 200m track, four tennis courts and other facilities. Field hockey, football and men's lacrosse are played at McBride Field which has a seating capacity of 1,762.

In 2019, Kenyon was one of the first NCAA colleges to participate in the organization's LGBTQ OneTeam Program, which launched in fall 2019.

 Traditions

Kenyon is Ohio's oldest private college with some traditions dating back almost 200 years. All incoming students are expected to take the Matriculation Oath and sign a Matriculation Book that dates back over a century.

Another tradition is the "First-Year Sing." Each year, entering first-years gather on the steps of Rosse Hall to sing Kenyon songs before they are officially part of the Kenyon community. On the day before Commencement, seniors gather on the steps of Rosse Hall to sing the same songs again.

Kenyon students avoid stepping on the college seal in the entrance hall of Peirce Dining Hall. Tradition holds that if someone steps on the seal, they will not graduate from the college.

The Church of the Holy Spirit, one of Kenyon's oldest structures, features a 10-bell set of chimes which ring the traditional Westminster Quarters. The bells, installed in 1879, are rung manually in the belltower each Friday by a campus group known as the Kenyon Pealers.

Whenever a new president begins their time at the college, candles are lit in every window of Old Kenyon, as a sign of welcome. Additionally, a bell hangs in the steeple of Old Kenyon and is only rung when a new president is inaugurated, as well as having been rung when the United States is no longer engaged in war and when the Kenyon football team wins a home game. Kenyon has had twenty-five presidents (including acting or interim appointments); former president S. Georgia Nugent was Kenyon's first female president, and former president Sean Decatur was Kenyon's first African-American president. The president's academic regalia is a purple gown with four velvet chevrons on each sleeve signifying the office of the president, a college seal medallion with the names of each Kenyon president on the chain links, and a purple beefeater cap. The purple beefeaters cap is also worn by college trustees at ceremonies.

The college's official song is "The Thrill." However, "Kokosing Farewell" is more often sung at ceremonies. "Kokosing Farewell," sung to the tune of the 1870 hymn "The Day Thou Gavest, Lord, Is Ending," is the traditional closing number for concerts of the Kenyon College Chamber Singers.

The college has maintained a tradition of formality at ceremonies. During the annual commencement ceremony, the conferring of degrees to the class and announcement of each individual student's degree of Bachelor of Arts is done entirely in Latin. Kenyon's diplomas are also written entirely in Latin.

 Shield and seal
The first Kenyon seal was designed no later than 1842 and contained a book, a cross, a scroll, a telescope, and a scientific apparatus surrounded by the words "Sigillum Collegi Kenyonensis" and "Ohio Resp". Since the second and current seal was introduced, the first seal has rarely been used.

Kenyon's second and current shield is derived from the coat of arms of Lord Kenyon, one of the college's first and most prominent benefactors. The shield consists of a chevron, three crosses, a book inscribed with the college's motto (as well as the Kenyon family's motto) magnanimiter crucem sustine ("valiantly bear the cross"), resting upon a bishop's staff, representing the college's founder, Bishop Philander Chase. The shield has become a widely used symbol for the college. A version of the shield that replaces the book and staff with "Kenyon" in block letters while the chevron and crosses remain has become the symbol for the college's athletic teams.

In 2011, American clothier Ralph Lauren discontinued production of a necktie depicting the Kenyon shield after it was found they did not license the rights from the college.

The Bexley Seminary had its own shield until its dissociation from the college in 1968. While it contained the book, motto, and bishop's staff of the Kenyon shield, an eagle and ermine pattern blazoned the lower portion of the shield.

 Sustainability
Kenyon College has undertaken a number of sustainability initiatives, including a recycling system upgrade, a biodiesel project, a computer lab conversion to double-sided printing, the distribution of green living guides, as well as the creation of a dining hall composting system that diverts 6,000 pounds of waste from the landfill per week. Additionally Kenyon's cafeteria is committed to serving local food and has become a leader among college cafeterias in the country.
Students partnered with administrators and professors to complete a campus energy audit for the past three years, as well as a carbon footprint calculation.
Kenyon Green Alumni was founded to connect graduates "with a professional interest in the environment." The college recently received a "C" grade on the 2010 College Sustainability Report Card, compiled by the Sustainable Endowments Institute.

The Kenyon Farm is a mixed crop-livestock operation providing produce to local markets and giving students the opportunity to gain practical skills and knowledge for small-scale farming operations.

Ivy, which once covered some buildings on the Kenyon campus, but damages stonework, has been eradicated.

 Notable alumni

Notable alumni of Kenyon College include:
 U.S. Supreme Court Justices David Davis (1832), Stanley Matthews (1840), and William Rehnquist (attended, 1946)
 U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton (1834)
 Abolitionist and women's rights activist John Celivergos Zachos (1840)
 U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes (1842)
 Poet Robert Lowell (1940)
 Writer Peter Taylor (1940)
 Novelist William H. Gass (1947)
 Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme (1948)
 Actor Paul Newman (1949)
 Comedian Jonathan Winters (attended, 1950)
 Novelist E.L. Doctorow (1952)
 Poet James Arlington Wright (1952)
 Molecular biologist Harvey Lodish (1962)
 Architect Graham Gund (1963)
 Cartoonist and Zits co-creator Jim Borgman (1976)
 Co-founder and former editor-in-chief of Bloomberg News Matthew Winkler (journalist) (1977)
 Professor of Law Amos N. Guiora (1979)
 Cartoonist and Calvin and Hobbes creator Bill Watterson (1980)
 Author Donovan Webster (1981)
 Actor Allison Janney (1982)
 U.S. Congressman Zack Space (1983)
 Author Laura Hillenbrand (1989)
 U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Bridget A. Brink (1991)
 NCAA football coach Chris Creighton (1991)
 New York Times bestselling author Jenna Blum (1992)
 Venezuelan politician and former mayor of Chacao, Caracas, Venezuela Leopoldo Lopez (1993)
 Actor and filmmaker Josh Radnor (1996)
 U.S. Congresswoman Lizzie Pannill Fletcher (1997)
 American lawyer and climate justice organizer, Colette Pichon Battle (1997)
 NCAA men's basketball coach Shaka Smart (1999)
 Author and YouTube content creator John Green (2000)
 Author and filmmaker Ransom Riggs (2001)
 Entrepreneur and founder of Juul James Monsees (2002)
 U.S. National Security Council spokesperson and Crooked Media co-founder Tommy Vietor (2002)
 Astrophysicist and artist Nia Imara (2003)
 Singer and musician Nicholas Petricca of the band Walk the Moon (2009)
 Musician Evan Stephens Hall of the band Pinegrove (2011)
 Musician Justin Roberts (1992)

Notes

References

Further reading

 Smythe, George Franklin (1924). Kenyon College: Its First Century. Yale University Press. .
 Barth, Christopher D. (2000). Kenyon Reborn: The Modernization of Kenyon College under the Administration of William Foster Peirce, 1896–1937''. Kenyon College. .

External links

Private universities and colleges in Ohio
Liberal arts colleges in Ohio
Kenyon College
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Five Colleges of Ohio
Educational institutions established in 1824
1824 establishments in Ohio
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Tourist attractions in Knox County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Knox County, Ohio
Buildings and structures in Knox County, Ohio
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Episcopal Church (United States)
Universities and colleges accredited by the Higher Learning Commission

Kenyon College


Nightmares Made Flesh is the second album by Swedish death metal band Bloodbath. It was released by Century Media Records on September 27, 2004. It was the band's only album to feature Peter Tägtgren on vocals (who was brought in to replace Mikael Åkerfeldt at the time), as well as the first to feature Opeth drummer Martin Axenrot to replace Dan Swanö as the drummer (with Swanö now playing guitar). This was Swanö's last album with Bloodbath.

The song "The Ascension" appeared on the two-part episode of Viva La Bam when the Margeras go to Europe.

Reception

Track listing

Credits
Writing, performance and production credits are adapted from the album liner notes.

Personnel

Bloodbath
 Peter Tägtgren – lead vocals
 Anders Nyström – guitar, bass, backing vocals
 Dan Swanö – guitar, bass, backing vocals
 Jonas Renkse – guitar, bass, backing vocals
 Martin Axenrot – drums

Session musician
 Simon Solomon (ex-Witchcraft) – lead guitar

Production
 Jens Bogren – production, engineering
 Bloodbath – production, engineering
 Henrik Jonsson – mastering

Visual art
 Agni Kastner – art direction, design
 Andreas Hylthén – photography
 Wes Benscoter – cover

Studios
 Fascination Street, Örebro, Sweden – recording, mixing (May 2004)
 Masters of Audio, Stockholm, Sweden – mastering

References

External links

 Nightmares Made Flesh at Century Media

2004 albums
Albums produced by Jens Bogren
Albums with cover art by Wes Benscoter
Bloodbath albums
Century Media Records albums

Nightmares Made Flesh


Lawrence Everhart (6 May 1755 – 1840) was a soldier in the American Revolutionary War. He served for the duration of the conflict and is credited with saving the life of Col. William Washington (a cousin of then General George Washington).

Background
Everhart's parents, Christian Everhart and Maria Sybilla Geier Everhart were German immigrants.  Their oldest son was Lawrence Everhart, born on May 6, 1755, in Frederick County, Maryland. (Note: His birth location so recorded by Lawrence Everhart in the Federal Government Pension papers of April 7, 1834.)

Service in the Revolutionary War
Following the Declaration of Independence, Everhart enlisted with the militia, The Flying Camp, headed by Capt. Jacob Goode as a private on August 1, 1776, at Taneytown, Maryland.  The next day the company marched to Annapolis, Maryland and then to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania for training.  Lawrence was then reassigned to General Beall in New York.  His first battle was at White Plains, New York.  The battle resulted in a disastrous defeat for the American forces.

Everhart's company retreated to Ft. Washington, but after reaching the Fort,  Lawrence was taken prisoner along with the other troops.  He, along with several others, later escaped from the British guards and fled to Ft. Lee.  After Ft. Lee he was transferred to Hackensack, New Jersey.  There he met with General George Washington.  The General was extremely upset with the lack of trained soldiers and supplies provided by the Continental Congress and Everhart later remembered that "Washington was to the point of tears".

Everhart was discharged from The Flying Camp in 1777 because he had served his required enlisted time.  But he returned to regiment and remained with the officers to give assistance to them.  He returned to his home in [Frederick County, Maryland] during harvest time of 1778.
He reenlisted at the rank of sergeant under Captain Swan with the cavalry regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel William Washington in Fredericktown, Maryland.  In March 1947, his regiment marched through Fredericksburg to Petersburg with Lt. Col. Washington.  During this time, he served as aide to Col. Washington.  In April 1780, his cavalry regiment was stationed in Charlestown, South Carolina.  His regiment engaged in skirmishes with the British led by Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at Stony Church, Monks Corner, and Rugley's Mill.

Ongoing skirmishes between Lt. Col. Tarleton and American General Daniel Morgan's patriot forces finally culminated in the Battle of Cowpens.  Everhart was wounded in the battle and taken prisoner by British forces.  As a captive, Everhart famously expressed his wish to a nearby officer that he "hoped to God that it would be another Tarleton defeat".  The British officer replied, " I am Colonel Tarleton, Sir!"  And his retort being, "and I am Sgt. Everhart!"

The conditions regarding Everhart's release either by escape or prisoner exchange remain obscure.  However, it is known that he went on to Guliford Courthouse for medical care.  Everhart was later sent to Yorktown, Virginia and had the opportunity to meet the Marquis de Lafayette.

Everhart returned to his family home in Middletown, Maryland at the end of October.  Within the next month he received a letter from Colonel Bayler to return to his former regiment to assist Bayler at Petersburg, Virginia.  Before leaving he married Mary Anna Beckenbaugh, in Middletown, Maryland.

Life After the War
Following his service in the war, he became ordained as a minister in the Methodist church. In 1833, Rev. Everhart retired to his home near Middletown, Maryland where he resided until his death in 1840... CAN I GET A HOOYAA

1755 births
1840 deaths
Continental Army soldiers
American people of German descent
Maryland militiamen in the American Revolution
People of colonial Maryland
People of Maryland in the American Revolution

Lawrence Everhart


Erik Johannessen (born 22 July 1975 in Oslo) is a Norwegian trombonist and composer, who has played in bands like Jaga Jazzist, Trondheim Jazz Orchestra, Loud Jazz Band, Lord Kelvin, Funky Hot Grits, Ensemble Denada and Magic Pocket.

Career

Johannessen grew up at Lambertseter and was educated in jazz at Trondheim Musikkonservatorium and the University of Oslo. He mainly plays jazz and pop music and works with music in many context. He has toured extensively in Europe and the rest of the world with Jaga Jazzist and Ensemble Denada, in Poland with Loud Jazz Band, and in Norway with other bands.

He has played with Joshua Redman and Trondheim Jazzorkester, Eirik Hegdal, Terje Rypdal, Jon Balke, Erlend Skomsvoll, Maria Kannegaard, and his own band, Magic Pocket. He has also released albums with Lord Kelvin and Magic Pocket. He received the Sparebank1 Midtnorges JazZtipendiat 2009/10 with Magic Pocket and was awarded the Spellemannprisen 2010 in open class for the album One-Armed Bandit with Jaga Jazzist.

He has conducted, arranged, and composed for bands such as Kjellerbandet, Midtnorsk Ungdomstorband, Follo Big Band, Orkdal Storband, Kristiansund Storband, Vollen Big Band, Travelin' Storband and Sintefstorbandet. He has worked with Dum Dum Boys, Maria Mena, Martin Hagfors, and Jens Carelius.

Johannessen's first solo album Inkblots (2012) is free improvisation accompanied by bassist Jon Rune Power from the Frode Gjerstad Trio and Magic Pocket drummer Erik Nylander.

Honors
Spellemannprisen 2010 in open class, for the album One-Armed Bandit with Jaga Jazzist

Discography

As leader
Inkblots (2012)

As sideman
With Jonas Alaska
Jonas Alaska (2011)

With Svigermors Drøm
Fri (1993)
I Fyr og Flammer (1994)

With Dum Dum Boys
Gravitasjon (2006)

With Martin Hagfors
Men and Flies (2009)
I Like You (2011)

With Thom Hell
God If I Saw Her Now (2008)
All Good Things (2010)

With Jaga Jazzist
One-Armed Bandit (2010)

With Lord Kelvin
Dances in the Smoke (2008)
Radio Has No Future (2011)

With the Loud Jazz Band
Don't Stop the Train (2004)
The Way To Salina (2005)
Passing (2007)
Living Windows (2008)
The Silence (2010)

With Magic Pocket & Morten Qvenild
Katabatic Wind (2011)

With Raga Rockers
Shit Happens (2010)

With Susanne Sundfør
The Brothel (2010)

With Trondheim Jazz Orchestra
Live in Oslo (2007)
Wood and Water (2008)
Triads And More (2010), with Eirik Hegdal & Joshua Redman
Kinetic Music (2011), with Magic Pocket

With others
Devil's Ride (2002), with "Tremolo Wankers"
Turn on the Lights (2003), with "Jumpin'Jerry"
Lorenzo is Dead (2003), with "Lorenzo"
Drops of Hope (2003), with "Seljemark"
q.s. (2004), with "Acoustic Accident"
Mingus Schmingus (2004), with "Kjellerbandet"
Troll (2005), with "Lumsk"
A Few Words (2006), with "Hasselgård"
Sildsalat (2006), with "Sintefstorbandet"
The Cheaters (2007), with The Cheaters
Chronicles (2007), with John Heitman & Marc Gregory
The Path of Love (2008), with Terje Nordgarden
Cause And Effect (2008), with Maria Mena
The Plum Album (2008), with Håkon Ellingsen
Finding Nymo (2009), with Helge Sunde & Ensemble Denada
Night Blooms (2009), with "The Opium Cartel"
It's Cold Tonight (2009), with Dan Kristofferson
Real Life Is No Cool (2010), with Lindstrøm & Christabelle
Det Nærmeste Du Kommer (2011), with John Olav Nilsen & Gjengen
Migrant (2011), with "The Captain & Me"
The Architect (2011), with Jens Carelius
When Nobody's Around (2011), with Synne Sanden

References

20th-century Norwegian trombonists
21st-century Norwegian trombonists
Norwegian jazz trombonists
Male trombonists
Spellemannprisen winners
Musicians from Oslo
1975 births
Living people
21st-century trombonists
Male jazz musicians
Ensemble Denada members
Trondheim Jazz Orchestra members
Magic Pocket members
Jaga Jazzist members

Erik Johannessen (musician)


Santa Monica College (SMC) is a public community college in Santa Monica, California. Founded as a junior college in 1929, SMC enrolls over 30,000 students in more than 90 fields of study. Although initially serving primarily pre-college high school students, the college quickly expanded its enrollment to educate college-age students and non-traditional students with the primary intention to transfer to a four-year university The college has high transfer rates to four-year universities such as the Universities of California or California State Universities.

Occupying the entire Santa Monica Community College District, SMC is the only public institution of higher education in Santa Monica. The main campus, located on Pico Boulevard, is the college's largest location. The college operates five satellite campuses across Santa Monica, and is the leader in California's system of 113 community colleges in transfers to the University of California system.

History

20th century
Santa Monica Junior College was established in  September 1929 with 7 faculty members and 153 students in classes held on the second floor of Santa Monica High School. Attended primarily by high school students, it was originally part of the Santa Monica-Malibu Unified School District. Despite the ensuing Wall Street Crash of 1929 and Great Depression, the school's enrollment increased to 355 in 1930 and 600 in 1931. In 1932, the college moved to the vacant brick Garfield Elementary School building on Michigan Avenue. The building was declared unsafe following the 1933 Long Beach earthquake and classes moved to tents and bungalows on the Garfield site, which students nicknamed Splinterville.

In 1940, following a number of failed attempts to relocate to a larger property, the school purchased 6.18 acres on Pico Boulevard for $10,197. In 1945, the junior college changed its name to Santa Monica City College. The Pico Boulevard and 17th Street campus opened on January 18, 1952, to 1,200 students. The college's first bond measure was passed in 1946 for the construction of Corsair Stadium, which began in 1946 and was completed in 1948. In 1969, the college secured its own governing board under the creation of the Santa Monica Junior College District. In 1970, the school changed its name from Santa Monica City College to Santa Monica College.

Financial crisis
Santa Monica College experienced a financial crisis in 1972 when the state of California changed the age of majority from 21 to 18. Since the state paid $40 more per unit of attendance of minors than adults, the change cut SMC's budget in half. Additionally, state funding for community college students in California went to the student's home district and not the college's district. SMC had a contract with the City of Los Angeles to finance students from Los Angeles but since one-third of SMC students were from districts outside of Los Angeles the city would lose even more funding. As a result, Los Angeles planned to cancel its financial compensation contract with SMC. The college consequently sent termination letters to all faculty and staff, effective September 1972. The crisis was halted on March 8, 1972, when the California State Senate passed a bill temporarily exempting community colleges from the financial effects of the change in the age of adulthood. On March 21, 1972, the college renegotiated its contract with the City of Los Angeles and rehired its faculty and staff.

In 1980, the college built a new library and transformed the previous library building into the Letters and Science Building.

21st century

In 2012 Santa Monica College received national attention due to a controversial plan to create a two-tier system of education in which more "popular" courses would be offered at higher costs. Protests at a board meeting immediately following the plan's proposal led to several students being pepper sprayed. A report on the event resulted in an officer's dismissal. The report also faulted several members of the protest for provoking officers. Some people exclaimed "We got pepper sprayed! We won" after the incident.

2013 shooting

On June 7, 2013, a killing spree occurred in Santa Monica that left a total of five people dead, including the gunman and injured five others. The incident started several miles off-campus before the gunman traveled to SMC and entered the college's library, where he was later fatally shot by police. School officials put the campus on lockdown as Los Angeles Police Department officers, including SWAT, cleared the campus. Local law enforcement stated that they did not view the incident as a "school shooting" because the incident started off-campus.

Organization and governance
Santa Monica College is the only college of the Santa Monica Community College District, a constituent community college district of the California Community Colleges System (CCCS). The district is governed by its seven-member board of trustees and its officers including the Superintendent/President. The district territory includes Santa Monica and Malibu.

The trustees are elected at-large from registered voters within the district for four years. A student trustee also participates in board meetings as a non-voting member and is elected by the students for one year. The board appoints and supervises the superintendent/president and sets district policy.

The Superintendent of the Santa Monica Community College District/President of Santa Monica College has delegated authority to set rules and regulations for the district and Santa Monica College. The superintendent/president is accountable to the board, and all other officers are accountable to the superintendent/president.

The board of trustees includes a student trustee in accordance with board policy BP 2015. The student trustee is elected and removed in accordance with the constitution and by-laws of the Associated Students of Santa Monica College.

Campus

SMC's main campus is located at 1900 Pico Boulevard and is the college's largest location. The college operates six satellite campuses across Santa Monica and Malibu:

 Bundy Campus, 3171 S. Bundy Dr.
 SMC Performing Arts Center & Music Academy, Santa Monica Boulevard at 11th Street
 Center for Media and Design, 1660 Stewart St.
 Emeritus College, 1227 Second St.
 Airport Campus, 2800 Airport Ave
 Malibu Campus, 23555 Civic Center Way (Malibu)

Academics
The Santa Monica College Arts Mentor Program provides certain students in the fine and applied arts with graduate-level training by professionals in their specialized fields.

Santa Monica College offers a variety of occupational certificate programs, including accounting, fashion design, office information systems, and the Academy of Entertainment Technology (which offers certificates in interactive media and animation). The college also offers logistics and supply chain programs at AAS and certificate level.

Santa Monica College is ranked number one among California's junior colleges in transfers to the University of California, University of Southern California, and Loyola Marymount University.

SMC is one of few community colleges that has a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy instrument for research purposes.

Accreditation
Santa Monica College is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC).

Athletics

Santa Monica College fields 18 sports, eight men's teams and competes as a member of the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA) in the Western State Conference (WSC) for all sports except football, which competes in Southern California Football Association (SCFA). The mascot for SMC is Pico the Corsair. Pico the Corsair derives his name from Pico Boulevard, one of the four main streets which form the exterior perimeter of the campus. He sails on the ship the Lady Sixteen with his pet Pearl the Parrot while carrying his Sword of Silberkraus. The Lady Sixteen and Pearl are named after 16th street and Pearl Street respectively.

SMC fields both men's and women's teams in basketball, cross country, soccer, swimming, track and field, volleyball, and water polo. SMC fields men's teams in football, and women's beach volleyball, softball, and tennis teams.

Santa Monica College football played undefeated seasons in 1958, 1966, 1980, and 2015.

Santa Monica College won the Junior Rose Bowl, the unofficial National Championship, in 1958 against Northeastern Oklahoma A&M College on December 13, 1958.

Santa Monica College Football is the defending two-time conference champion, for the years 2011 and 2012.

Corsair Field (4,850) built in 1948, is home to football and track and field. The field was the starting point for both the men's and women's marathon events for the 1984 Summer Olympics held in neighboring Los Angeles.

Corsair Pavilion (1,600) is home to men's and women's basketball and volleyball teams, as well as the Hollywood Fame of the American Basketball Association

The Santa Monica College men's volleyball team won the national intercollegiate volleyball championship each year from 1961 to 1966, except for 1965, when it lost the title to UCLA.

Student life
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:2em; margin:auto;"
|+ Fall Demographics of student body
! Ethnic Breakdown || 2018 || '2015
|-
! Hispanic and Latino American
| 40%
| 39%
|-
! Black
| 9%
| 9.2%
|-
! Asian American
| 9%
| 15.7%
|-
! Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander
| 0%
| N/A
|-
! White
| 26%
| 27.5%
|-
! Multiracial Americans
| 5%
| N/A
|-
! International students
| 10%
| 11.2%
|-
! Unknown
| 1%
| 7.4%
|-
| Female
| 54%
| N/A
|-
| Male
| 46%
| N/A
|-
|}

In the fall of 2015, there were 33,964 students enrolled at SMC. Of these students:

 37.4% were full-time.
 62.6% were part-time.
 52.8% were women.
 47.2% were men.

The average age was 24.1 years.

 19 and younger: 30.7%
 20 to 24: 41.2%
 25 to 29: 12.8%
 30 to 39: 8.7%
 40 to 49: 3.5%
 50 and older: 3.1%

Santa Monica College is the home of KCRW (89.9 FM), a public radio station, broadcasting throughout the Los Angeles and Orange County area with an estimated 450,000 listeners. The station is the broadcast home of Morning Becomes Eclectic.

As part of its hands-on media curriculum, the college produces its own weekly, student-run newspaper (both in print, and online) called The Corsair. The newspaper began as The SaMoJaC and was published every two weeks before being renamed The Corsair'' in 1945.

SMC students have established a student body association named Associated Students of Santa Monica College (ASSMC). The association is required by law to "encourage students to participate in the governance of the college". ASSMC periodically  participates in meetings sponsored by a statewide community college student organization named Student Senate for California Community Colleges. The statewide Student Senate is authorized by law "to advocate before the Legislature and other state and local governmental entities".

SMC students who pay the $19.50 Associated Students fee at registration have unlimited access to the Big Blue Bus lines across Santa Monica and its adjacent neighborhoods, including a line on Lincoln Boulevard that accesses Los Angeles International Airport (LAX).

Notable alumni

See also

References

External links

 Official website

Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics
Buildings and structures in Santa Monica, California
California Community Colleges
Universities and colleges established in 1929
Olympic athletics venues
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California
Organizations based in Santa Monica, California
1929 establishments in California

Santa Monica College


The Armée des émigrés (English: Army of the Émigrés) were counter-revolutionary armies raised outside France by and out of royalist émigrés, with the aim of overthrowing the First French Republic and restoring the monarchy. These were aided by royalist armies within France itself, such as the Chouans, and by allied countries such as Great Britain. They fought, for example, at the sieges of Lyon and Toulon.

They were formed from:
Volunteers from the French nobility, either descendants of the royal family, and other refugees who had fled France
troops raised by the refugees through covert subsidies from other European monarchies, or through their own means
units of the French Royal Army which had also emigrated, such as the Régiment de Saxe Hussards and the Irish Brigade

Even Napoleon I said of them "True, they are paid by our enemies, but they were or should have been bound to the cause of their King. France gave death to their action, and tears to their courage. All devotion is heroic".

1802, Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul, decreed a general amnesty for all but around a thousand of the Émigrés, with the exception of commanders and those who held ranks in armies hostile to the French Republic.

Main units

Armée de Condé

 Régiment de Mortemart

Armée des Princes
Raised in Germany in 1792, at Trier, and commanded by marshals de Broglie and de Castries, under the aegis of Louis XVI's brothers, the comte de Provence and duc d'Artois. 10,000 strong, it returned to France beside the army of Brunswick and was dismissed on 24 November 1792, two months after the French victory at Valmy.

Armée de Bourbon

The short-lived Armée de Bourbon was formed by French Émigrés in Madrid and Seville, forming a small standing force of 2000 men, briefly participating in the War of the Pyrenees. Remnants of the force remained in the Spanish Royal Army as the Regiment de Bourbon and other legionary formations until well after 1815, when King Louis XVIII, after the Second Defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte, recalled them from Spanish service.

Other units

Légion des Pyrénées
 Creation: 1794
 Also known as: Légion royale des Pyrénées in May
 Founder: Marquis de Saint-Simon
 Commander: Marquis de Saint-Simon
 Size: 600 infantrymen and a squadron of hussars
 Theatre of operations: Pyrénées-Atlantiques
 Engagements: Saint-Étienne-de-Baïgorry (26 April 1794), heavy losses (17 prisoners guillotined); montagnes d'Arquinzun (10 July), heavy losses (30 to 50% of its effective strength); Port-Bidassoa (24 July), heavy losses covering the Spanish retreat (50 captured); Siege of Pamplona (November).
 Operated within the Spanish army of Navarre
 Sent to the front in 1795, then integrated into the Régiment de Bourbon

Légion de Panetier
 Creation: 1793
 Also known as: Légion de la Reine (d'Espagne) in June 1794
 Founder: Comte de Panetier (died January 1794)
 Commander: Comte de Panetier, then Général de Santa-Clara
 Size: 400; brought up to strength in June 1794 by the companies du Royal-Provence escaping from the Siege of Toulon and the companies du Royal Roussillon
 Theatre of operations: Pyrénées-Orientales
 Engagements: Defence of Port-Vendres (May 1794), evacuated by sea (to avoid being captured and guillotined); Zamora 5 January 1796
 Operating within the Spanish army
 Amalgamated into the Régiment de Bourbon

Légion du Vallespir
 Creation: 1793
 Also known as: Bataillon de la frontière circa May 1793
 Founder: Spanish general Ricardos, Spanish soldiers under Émigré officers
 Commander:
 Size:
 Theatre of operations: Defence of Vallespir, then defending Roussillon
 Engagements:
 Operating within the Spanish army
 Several desertions to the légion de Panetier - Amalgamated into the Régiment de Bourbon

Royal Roussillon
 Creation: January 1794 at Barcelona from émigrés, prisoners and deserters
 Also known as:
 Founder: Général Ricardos
 Commander:
 Size: 200 in June of 1794 (of which 129 were massacred by a mob since they were amusing themselves in their barracks on a procession day)
 Theatre of operations:
 Engagements: None
 Subsumed into the Légion de Panetier (becoming the Légion de la Reine at that moment)

Régiment de Bourbon
 Creation: 1796 from the Légion de la Reine (ex-Légion de Panetier), the Bataillon de la frontière, and the Légion royale des Pyrénées
 Also known as: Integrated into the Spanish army as number 47, then 37
 Founder: Marquis de Saint-Simon
 Commander : Marquis de Saint-Simon
 Size: 1600 (1808)
 Theatre of operations: garrisoning Ciudad Rodrigo (1797) then Mallorca
 Engagements: Siege of Girona (fell 9 December 1808, 300 captured); Rozas (1808)
 Operating within the Spanish army
 Still in existence in 1814; formed of foreign soldiers and Gardes Wallonnes, under number 41, then in 1860 became Spain's "53rd infantry regiment", known as El Emigrado.

See also
 Catholic and Royal Army
 Chouan Army of Rennes and Fougères
 Hussards de Saxe
 Chouannerie
 War in the Vendée

Notes

External links
 Les forces armées de l'émigration française pendant la Révolution

1792 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1814 disestablishments in Spain
Military units and formations established in 1792
Military units and formations disestablished in 1814

Louis XVIII
History of Trier
French emigrants during the French Revolution

Armée des Émigrés


A brigade group is a term used primarily in armies of the Commonwealth of Nations for an ad hoc arrangement of forces. It is not a permanent organisation. A Brigade Group, capitalised, is a permanent organisation.

It generally refers to a formation which includes three or four battlegroups, or an infantry brigade (three battalions), supported by armoured, artillery, field engineer, aviation and support units, and amounting to about 5,000 soldiers. A brigade group represents the smallest unit able to operate independently for extended periods on the battlefield. It is similar to the concept of a regimental combat team (RCT), which was once used by the United States Army, but which now uses the term brigade combat team (BCT).  The United States Marine Corps continues to use the term regimental combat team.

See also
 combat team

Footnotes

References

Military units and formations by size
Ad hoc units and formations

Brigade group


William Dixon Maddren (11 January 1951 – 29 August 2000) was an English professional football player and manager. A one-club man, he made all his professional club appearances for Middlesbrough between 1968 and 1979, and went on to manage the club from 1984 to 1986.

Playing career

Club career
Maddren made his debut on 12 April 1969 against Bury scoring a goal and suffering a broken nose. Despite starting his Boro career as a striker he was known as a central defender. In the 1970–71 season Maddren established himself in the Boro defence. In 1971, Middlesbrough manager Stan Anderson bought Mansfield Town central defender Stuart Boam to form a defensive partnership with Maddren. In 1973, after repeated failures to gain promotion to the old First Division, Anderson left Middlesbrough and was replaced by World Cup winner Jack Charlton.

In the 1973–74 season Middlesbrough ran away with the old Second Division finishing 15 points clear from second place Luton Town (Under the old points system of 2 points for a win.) They were promoted to the First Division on 23 March 1974, finishing the season conceding only 30 goals, keeping 25 clean sheets in a 42-game programme. Maddren's final appearance for Boro was on 3 September 1977 against West Bromwich Albion. He was only 26. Maddren had a persistent knee injury and he often played games when in pain. An operation was unsuccessful and he retired in 1979.

International career
Maddren played for England under-23's five times. He was called up to the senior side, but never made an appearance.

Management career
When Malcolm Allison became Middlesbrough manager in 1982 Maddren returned to Ayresome Park as physiotherapist. By then Boro were struggling in the old Second Division. Allison was sacked on 24 March 1984, and was replaced by Jack Charlton as caretaker manager with Maddren as assistant. The new management team helped to avoid relegation and Maddren was promoted to post of manager at the season's end. In his first full season, 1984–85, Middlesbrough struggled and avoided relegation on the last day of the season. The following season Maddren was sacked with 13 games remaining, replaced by his assistant Bruce Rioch. Boro were relegated at the end of the season to the Third Division and the club went into liquidation.

Following his sacking Maddren concentrated on his sports shop business. The Willie Maddren Trophy is a charity football competition, whose proceeds go towards the Mike Findley MND Fund.

Illness
In 1995, Maddren was diagnosed with a terminal muscle-wasting disease motor neurone disease (MND). He became a campaigner for MND research, raising over £200,000 including £40,000 from his autobiography Extra Time. In 1996, a benefit match was arranged at the Riverside Stadium between Middlesbrough and Internazionale.

Death
He died on 29 August 2000 at a hospice in Stockton-on-Tees, aged 49.

Sources

Obituary From a nostalgic football site
Boro's Best (1997) A book detailing Boro's top 50 players as chosen by players and fans.
An Essential History of Middlesbrough (2002)Usual statistics
Middlesbrough v Inter Milan Matchday magazine (1996)Includes interviews with Maddren

External links
Middlesbrough F.C.Official Website
Interview with Hilary Maddren
Obituary
MND Association
 BBC footage of Willie Maddren's 1978 testimonial

1951 births
2000 deaths
People from Billingham
English men's footballers
England men's under-23 international footballers
Middlesbrough F.C. players
English football managers
Middlesbrough F.C. managers
Neurological disease deaths in England
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Men's association football defenders
Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff
Footballers from County Durham

Willie Maddren


Sir Michael John Gambon  (; 19 October 1940 – 27 September 2023) was an Irish-English actor. Gambon started his acting career with Laurence Olivier as one of the original members of the Royal National Theatre. Over his six-decade-long career, he received three Olivier Awards and four BAFTA TV Awards. In 1998, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to drama.

Gambon appeared in many productions of works by William Shakespeare such as Othello, Hamlet, Macbeth and Coriolanus. Gambon was nominated for thirteen Olivier Awards, winning three times for A Chorus of Disapproval (1985), A View from the Bridge (1987), and Man of the Moment (1990). In 1997, Gambon made his Broadway debut in David Hare's Skylight, earning a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play nomination.

Gambon made his film debut in Othello (1965). His other notable films include The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989), The Wings of the Dove (1997), The Insider (1999), Gosford Park (2001), Amazing Grace (2006), The King's Speech (2010), Quartet (2012), and Victoria & Abdul (2017). Gambon also appeared in the Wes Anderson films The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) and Fantastic Mr. Fox (2009). Gambon gained wider recognition through his role of Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter film series from 2004 to 2011, replacing Richard Harris following his death in 2002.

For his work on television, he received four BAFTA Awards for The Singing Detective (1986), Wives and Daughters (1999), Longitude (2000), and Perfect Strangers (2001). He also received two Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Path to War (2002) and Emma (2009). Gambon's other notable projects include Cranford (2007) and The Casual Vacancy (2015). In 2017, he received the Irish Film & Television Academy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2020, he was listed at No. 27 on The Irish Times list of Ireland's greatest film actors.

Early life
Michael John Gambon was born in the Cabra suburb of Dublin on 19 October 1940. His mother, Mary (née Hoare), was a seamstress, while his father, Edward Gambon, was an engineering operative during World War II. His father decided to seek work in the rebuilding of London, and moved the family to Mornington Crescent in London's Camden borough when Gambon was six. His father arranged for him to be made a British citizen, a decision that would later allow him to receive a substantive (rather than honorary) knighthood. Brought up as a strict Catholic, he attended St Aloysius Boys' School in Somers Town and served at the altar. He then matriculated to St Aloysius' College in Highgate, whose former pupils include actor Peter Sellers. He later moved to North End, Kent, where he attended Crayford Secondary School but left with no qualifications at the age of 15. He then gained an apprenticeship as a toolmaker with Vickers-Armstrongs when he was 16. By the time he was 21, he was a qualified engineering technician. He kept the job for a further year, acquiring a lifelong passion for collecting antique guns, clocks, watches and classic cars.

Career

Theatre

1960–1979: Stage debut and National Theatre

At age 24, Gambon wrote a letter to Micheál Mac Liammóir, the Irish theatre impresario who ran Dublin's Gate Theatre, accompanied by a CV describing a rich and wholly imaginary theatre career: he was taken on.

Gambon made his professional stage debut in the Gate Theatre's 1962 production of Othello, playing "Second Gentleman", followed by a European tour. A year later, auditioning with the opening soliloquy from Richard III, he caught the eye of Laurence Olivier who was recruiting promising actors for his new National Theatre Company. Gambon, along with Robert Stephens, Derek Jacobi and Frank Finlay, was hired as one of the "to be renowned" and played any number of small roles, appearing on cast lists as "Mike Gambon". The company initially performed at the Old Vic, their first production being Hamlet, directed by Olivier and starring Peter O'Toole. Gambon played for four years in many NT productions, including named roles in The Recruiting Officer and The Royal Hunt of the Sun, working with directors William Gaskill and John Dexter.

After three years at the Old Vic, Olivier advised Gambon to gain experience in provincial rep. In 1967, he left the National Theatre for the Birmingham Repertory Company, which was to give him his first crack at the title roles in Othello (his favourite), Macbeth and Coriolanus.

In 1974, Eric Thompson cast him as the melancholy vet in Alan Ayckbourn's The Norman Conquests at Greenwich. A speedy transfer to the West End established him as a comic actor, squatting at a crowded dining table on a tiny chair and agonising over a choice between black or white coffee. Back at the National, now on the South Bank, his next turning point was Peter Hall's premiere staging of Harold Pinter's Betrayal, a performance marked by subtlety – a production photograph shows him embracing Penelope Wilton with sensitive hands and long slim fingers (the touch of a master clock-maker). He is also one of the few actors to have mastered the demands of the vast Olivier Theatre. As Simon Callow once said: "Gambon's iron lungs and overwhelming charisma are able to command a sort of operatic full-throatedness which triumphs over hard walls and long distances".

1980–1991: Rise to prominence and awards success
Gambon's powerful voice and presence were to serve him in good stead in John Dexter's masterly staging of The Life of Galileo by Bertolt Brecht at the National Theatre in 1980, the first Brecht play to become a popular success. Hall called him "unsentimental, dangerous and immensely powerful," and  The Sunday Times called his performance "a decisive step in the direction of great tragedy... great acting," while fellow actors paid him the rare compliment of applauding him in the dressing room on the first night.

The National Theatre staged a revival of  A View from the Bridge in 1987 at the Cottesloe Theatre. It was directed by Alan Ayckbourn, and Gambon gave an acclaimed performance as Eddie. The Guardian said, "In the first place it shows Michael Gambon shaking hands with greatness."

Ralph Richardson dubbed him The Great Gambon, an accolade which stuck, although Gambon dismissed it as a circus slogan. But as Sheridan Morley perceptively remarked in 2000, when reviewing Nicholas Wright's Cressida: "Gambon's eccentricity on stage now begins to rival that of his great mentor Richardson". Also like Richardson, interviews were  rarely given and raised more questions than they answered. Gambon was a very private person, a "non-starry star" as Ayckbourn called him. Off-stage he preferred to stay out of the limelight. He won screen acclaim, whilst his ravaged King Lear at Stratford, while he was still in his early forties, formed a double act with a red-nosed Antony Sher as the Fool sitting on his master's knee like a ventriloquist's doll.

1995–2005: Broadway debut and other roles
There were also appearances in Harold Pinter's Old Times at the Haymarket Theatre and Ben Jonson's Volpone and the brutal sergeant in Pinter's Mountain Language. In 1995, Gambon starred in David Hare's Skylight, with Lia Williams, which opened to rave reviews at the National Theatre. The play transferred first to Wyndham's Theatre and then on to Broadway for a four-month run which left him in a state of advanced exhaustion. "Skylight was ten times as hard to play as anything I've ever done" he told Michael Owen in the Evening Standard. "I had a great time in New York, but wanted to return." For this performance Gambon received his only Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Play.

Gambon was not among the actors to grace Yasmina Reza's 'Art' at Wyndham's. But together with Simon Russell Beale and Alan Bates, he gave a droll radio account of the role of Marc. And for the RSC he shared Reza's two-hander The Unexpected Man with Eileen Atkins, first at The Pit in the Barbican and then at the Duchess Theatre, a production also intended for New York, but finally delayed by other commitments.

In 2001, he played what he described as "'a physically repulsive" Davies in Patrick Marber's revival of Pinter's The Caretaker, but he found the rehearsal period an unhappy experience, and felt that he had let down the author. A year later, playing opposite Daniel Craig, he portrayed the father of a series of cloned sons in Caryl Churchill's A Number at the Royal Court, remembered for a recumbent moment when he smoked a cigarette, the brightly lit spiral of smoke rising against a black backdrop, an effect which he dreamt up during rehearsals.

In 2004, Gambon played the lead role (Hamm) in Samuel Beckett's post-apocalyptic play Endgame at the Albery Theatre, London. In 2005, he finally achieved a lifelong ambition to play Falstaff, in Nicholas Hytner's National production of Henry IV, Parts 1 and 2, co-starring with Matthew Macfadyen as Prince Hal.

2006–2015: Later roles and stage retirement
In 2006, he performed as Joe in Beckett's Eh Joe, giving two performances a night at the Duke of York's Theatre in London. That same year, he played Henry in Stephen Rea's play about Samuel Beckett's Embers for Radio 3. In 2007, he was Sam in Harold Pinter's The Homecoming for Radio 3.

In 2008, Gambon appeared in the role of Hirst in No Man's Land by Harold Pinter in the Gate Theatre, Dublin, opposite David Bradley as Spooner, in a production directed by Rupert Goold, which transferred to the London West End's Duke of York's Theatre, for which both roles each received nominations for the 2009 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor. After Pinter's death on 24 December 2008, Gambon read Hirst's monologue selected by the playwright for Gambon to read at his funeral, held on 31 December 2008, during the cast's memorial remarks from the stage as well as at the funeral and also in Words and Music, transmitted on the BBC Radio 3 on 22 February 2009.

In late 2009, Gambon had to withdraw from his role of W. H. Auden in The Habit of Art (being replaced by Richard Griffiths) because of ill health. In April 2010, Gambon returned once again to the Gate Theatre Dublin to appear in Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape, which transferred to London's Duchess Theatre in October 2010.
Also in 2012, he starred with Eileen Atkins in an adaptation of Beckett's radio play, All That Fall. The director, Trevor Nunn, staged the performance as a studio recording of a radio play so that the cast performed with script in hand. Its premiere was at the Jermyn Street Theatre and it later transferred to the Arts Theatre. In November 2013 the production transferred to 59E59 Theaters in New York. In 2013, Gambon took part in the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the National Theatre.

In early 2015, Gambon announced that due to the increasing length of time it was taking him to memorise his lines, he was giving up stage work. He had previously tried using an earpiece and being given prompts by theatre staff, but found this unsatisfactory.

Film

1965–1988: Film debut and early roles
Gambon made his film debut in Laurence Olivier's Othello alongside Maggie Smith and Derek Jacobi in 1965. After his film debut, Gambon was asked by James Bond producer Cubby Broccoli to audition for the role in 1970, to replace George Lazenby. He continued acting in the British horror films Nothing But the Night (1973) and The Beast Must Die (1974). In 1985, he appeared in the British drama film Turtle Diary directed by John Irvin with a screenplay adapted by Harold Pinter. The film starred Glenda Jackson and Ben Kingsley.

1989–2003: Independent films
In 1989, Gambon starred in the Peter Greenaway film The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover, which also starred Helen Mirren. He later starred as Fyodor Dostoyevsky in the Hungarian director Károly Makk's film The Gambler (1997) about the writing of Dostoyevsky's novella The Gambler. In the 1990s he appeared in films such as, Barry Levinson's fantasy comedy Toys (1992), the period drama Dancing at Lughnasa (1998), the action film Plunkett & Macleane (1998), Michael Mann's political drama The Insider (1999), and Tim Burton's gothic horror film Sleepy Hollow (1999).

During the 2000s, Gambon appeared in several films including Robert Altman's murder mystery ensemble Gosford Park.  In 2003, he appeared with Robert Duvall and Kevin Costner, playing the principal villain in the Western film Open Range.

2004–2011: Harry Potter and other roles
In 2004, he appeared in five films, including Wes Anderson's cult comedy The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou; the British gangster film Layer Cake; and theatrical drama Being Julia.

In 2007, Gambon appeared in Michael Apted's historical drama Amazing Grace alongside Ioan Gruffudd, Romola Garai, Benedict Cumberbatch, Albert Finney, and Rufus Sewell. The film focuses on William Wilberforce, who led the campaign against the slave trade in the British Empire. The film is Certified Fresh according to Rotten Tomatoes with critics' consensus describing the film as "your quintessential historical biopic: stately, noble, and with plenty of electrifying performances." That same year, he played major roles in the acclaimed BBC five-part adaptation of Mrs Gaskell's Cranford novels alongside Judi Dench and Imelda Staunton, and in Stephen Poliakoff's Joe's Palace.

He played Albus Dumbledore, Hogwarts' headmaster in the third instalment of J. K. Rowling's franchise, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, taking over the role after the death of Richard Harris in 2002; Harris had also played Maigret on television four years before Gambon took that role. Gambon reprised the role of Dumbledore in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, which was released in November 2005 in the United Kingdom and the United States. He returned to the role again in the fifth film, 2007's Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, and the sixth film, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. He appeared in the final two films of the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 in 2010 and Part 2 in 2011. Gambon told an interviewer that, when playing Dumbledore, he did not "have to play anyone really. I just stick on a beard and play me, so it's no great feat. I never ease into a role – every part I play is just a variant of my own personality. I'm not really a character actor at all."

In 2010, Gambon appeared in Tom Hooper's historical drama The King's Speech as King George V, alongside Colin Firth, Geoffrey Rush, Helena Bonham Carter, and Guy Pearce. In 2011, the film received 12 Academy Awards nominations, more than any other film in that year. The film won four Oscars including Best Picture, Director, Actor, and Adapted Screenplay.

2012–2019: British films and comedies
In 2012, he played a role in Dustin Hoffman's directorial debut with Quartet, based on the same-titled play by Ronald Harwood and starring Maggie Smith, Tom Courtenay, Billy Connolly and Pauline Collins. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival to favourable reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 80% approval rating with the consensus reading, "It's sweet, gentle, and predictable to a fault, but Dustin Hoffman's affectionate direction and the talented cast's amiable charm make Quartet too difficult to resist."

In 2016, Gambon was the narrator for the Coen Brothers' Hollywood comedy Hail, Caesar!, which satirised the 1950s Hollywood film industry and featured an ensemble cast including Josh Brolin, George Clooney, Alden Ehrenreich, Ralph Fiennes, Jonah Hill, Scarlett Johansson, Frances McDormand, Tilda Swinton and Channing Tatum. The film was well received by critics, earning an approval rating of 86% on Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus being, "Packed with period detail and perfectly cast, Hail, Caesar! finds the Coen brothers delivering an agreeably lightweight love letter to post-war Hollywood." The film also received an Academy Award nomination for its Production Design. Gambon then appeared in comedy film Dad's Army playing the iconic Private Godfrey, based on Arnold Ridley, who had played the character in the original classic BBC series of the same name. Gambon also provided voice-overs as Uncle Pastuzo in the Paddington films (2014, 2017).

In 2019, he appeared in the biographical film Judy, about Judy Garland, starring Renée Zellweger, Rufus Sewell, Finn Wittrock and Jessie Buckley. That same year Gambon appeared in Adrian Shergold's period thriller Cordelia, acting alongside Johnny Flynn and Catherine McCormack.

Television

1967–1985: Television debut and early roles
In 1967, he made his television debut in the BBC television adaptation of Much Ado About Nothing as Watchman No. 4. He also appeared in British programmes such as Softly, Softly (1967), and Public Eye (1968). From 1968 to 1970, he featured in the BBC historical series The Borderers as Gavin Kerr. He also had a recurring role in the Canadian series The Challengers (1972). He also appeared in drama anthology series including Play for Today, Play of the Month, and ITV Playhouse.

1986–1999: The Singing Detective and acclaim
His craggy looks soon made him into a character actor, a term which Gambon disputed. For his first major lead role in Dennis Potter's The Singing Detective (1986) he won his first British Academy Television Award for Best Actor. He starred as detective Inspector Jules Maigret in an ITV adaptation of twelve of Georges Simenon's books. In 1990, he played Jerry in Harold Pinter's Betrayal for BBC Radio 3. In 1991, he starred as Tommy Hanbury in an episode of the ITV series Minder called "Look Who's Coming To Pinner". He also appeared in the BBC serial Wives and Daughters (1999) based on the Victorian novel by the same name by Elizabeth Gaskell. He portrayed Squire Hamley and received his second BAFTA Award nomination and win for Best Actor.

2000–2009: Established character actor
Gambon starred in a made-for-TV adaptation of Samuel Beckett's Endgame (2001) and Perfect Strangers (2001) which together revealed his talent for comedy. Gambon played President Lyndon B. Johnson in the television film Path to War. About his performance The Washington Post said: "Gambon is entirely up to the task of making a larger-than-life icon seem painfully – and in the end, helplessly – human. It is a performance of fire and brimstone". He was nominated for an Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Mini-series or Movie and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television.

In 2009, he appeared in a television adaptation of Jane Austen's famously irrepressible Emma, a four-hour miniseries that premiered on BBC One in October 2009, co-starring Romola Garai. He played Mr Woodhouse, for which he received a 2010 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie nomination for his performance.

2010–2019: Roles in HBO and PBS projects
Gambon appeared in the 2010 Christmas Special of Doctor Who, "A Christmas Carol". During the 2010s, he was also known for his voice work. He appeared as the Narrator in the British version of Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire. In 2013, Gambon provided the voice for The Prophet, a character in the MMORPG video game The Elder Scrolls Online. In 2006, Gambon performed voiceover for a series of Guinness advertisements featuring penguins.

In 2012, Gambon reunited with Dustin Hoffman in the HBO horse-racing drama Luck, which was cancelled in March 2012 after three horses died on set. Gambon participated in the live event, National Theatre Live: 50 Years On Stage (2013), a production that was a part of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the National Theatre. The presentation included live performances, interspersed with documentary footage, and archival footage of live performances of original productions from the National Theatre. Gambon joined Derek Jacobi in a live performance from No Man's Land by Harold Pinter.

The following year, he was cast in the role of Howard Mollison in the adaptation of the best-selling book The Casual Vacancy by J.K. Rowling. The BBC One miniseries, produced in association with HBO, consists of three one-hour parts. Production began 7 July 2014 in South West England.

In 2015 and 2018, Gambon starred as Henry Tyson in the first and third series of Sky Atlantic's Fortitude. In March 2018, it was announced that Gambon would star in the comedy series Breeders. However, in April 2019, it was reported that Gambon left the series as he was having trouble memorising lines due to his issues with memory loss.

Personal life and death
Gambon married mathematician Anne Miller in 1962. Known for being protective of his privacy, he once responded to an interviewer's question about his wife by asking, "What wife?". The couple had homes in Gravesend, Kent, and Aldeburgh, Suffolk. They had one son, Fergus, who later became a ceramics expert on the BBC series Antiques Roadshow.

Gambon brought Philippa Hart, a woman 25 years his junior, to the set while filming the 2001 film Gosford Park and introduced her to his co-stars as his girlfriend. When their affair was publicly revealed in 2002, he moved out of the home he shared with his wife, though they later reconciled. He was with Hart, a set designer, from 2000, when they worked together on Channel 4 series Longitude. In February 2007, it was revealed that Hart was pregnant with Gambon's child and gave birth to a son. The couple had a second son in 2009. They owned a home in West London.

In the New Year Honours 1998, Gambon was appointed a Knight Bachelor for services to drama. On 17 July 1998, he was invested by Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace.

Gambon was a qualified private pilot. His love of cars led to his appearance on the BBC series Top Gear. He raced the Suzuki Liana so aggressively that it went around the last corner of his lap on two wheels. The final corner of the Top Gear test track has been named "Gambon Corner" or simply "Gambon" in his honour. He appeared on the programme again on 4 June 2006 and set a time in the Chevrolet Lacetti of 1:50.3, a significant improvement on his previous time of 1:55. He clipped his namesake corner the second time, and when asked why by Jeremy Clarkson, replied, "I don't know, I just don't like it."

Gambon died in Witham on 27 September 2023, aged 82, with his wife Anne and son Fergus at his bedside, following a bout of pneumonia.

Acting credits

Awards and nominations

Explanatory notes

References

Further reading
 Who's Who in the Theatre, Fourteenth edition, Pitman (1967) for National Theatre at the Old Vic playbills
 Who's Who in the Theatre, Seventeenth edition, Gale (1981), , for Michael Gambon's own CV up to 1980
 "Giant of the Stage: A Profile of Michael Gambon" by John Thaxter, The Stage newspaper, 16 November 2000
 Gambon: A Life in Acting by Mel Gussow, Nick Hern Books (2004),
 Theatre Record and Theatre Record annual indexes 1981–2007

External links

 Biography at Tiscali UK
 2004 Interview with Sir Michael Gambon The Guardian (23 April 2004)
 theartsdesk Q&A with Michael Gambon (25 September 2010)
 Gambon's filmography at the British Film Institute

1940 births
2023 deaths
Actors awarded knighthoods
Actors from Dublin (city)
Alumni of RADA
Audiobook narrators
Best Actor BAFTA Award (television) winners
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners
Deaths from pneumonia in England
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English Roman Catholics
Irish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Irish knights
Irish male film actors
Irish male radio actors
Irish male stage actors
Irish male television actors
Irish male voice actors
Knights Bachelor
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Male actors from London
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Cabra, Dublin
People from Meopham
Royal Shakespeare Company members
English people of Irish descent
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors

Michael Gambon


Anne Queffélec (born 17 January 1948) is a French classical pianist, born in Paris.

Biography

Anne Queffélec is the daughter of Henri Queffélec and sister of Yann Queffélec, both noted writers. Her brother Hervé Queffélec is a mathematician.

She attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. Despite an early passion for literature, she chose a life in music at a young age. She started playing piano at the age of five. In 1964, she enrolled in the Paris Conservatoire. She won the first prize for piano in 1965 and the first prize for chamber music in 1966. She continued her education with Paul Badura-Skoda and Jörg Demus, and went on to study in Vienna with Alfred Brendel. She won the first prize at the Munich competition in 1968, and in 1969, was a prize-winner at the Leeds International Piano Competition. Since then, she has enjoyed an international career.

She is not only famous as a solo concert pianist, but is also well known for her chamber music playing in cooperation with artists such as Catherine Collard, Pierre Amoyal, Frédéric Lodéon, and Imogen Cooper.

Awards

In 1990, she was awarded the French prize of Victoires de la musique classique (Soliste instrumental de l'année).

On 6 January 2004, she was made 'Officier' of l'Ordre national du Mérite.

She was promoted to 'Commandeur' de l'ordre national du Mérite on 14 November 2011.

Discography

Albums
1976: (with Alain Lombard, Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg) - Ravel, Les deux concertos pour piano (ERATO)
1977: Mendelssohn: Anne Queffélec, Pierre Amoyal, Frédéric Lodéon – Les Deux Trios Pour Piano, Violon & Violoncelle (ERATO)
1978: (with Pierre Amoyal) Fauré, sonates pour piano et violon (ERATO)
1979: (with Imogen Cooper) Franz Schubert, Œuvres pour piano à 4 mains (ERATO)
1988: Erik Satie
1995: Scarlatti: 13 Sonatas
1996: Dutilleux: The Works for Piano
1998: Ravel: Piano Works
1999: Schubert: Sonata D. 894; Fantasy D. 940; Sonata D. 959; Four Impromtus D.899
2000: (with Imogen Cooper) Schubert: Works for Piano Four Hands
2000: (with Catherine Collard) Satie: Works for solo piano & piano 4 hands
2001: Ravel: Piano Concertos; Debussy: Fantasie for Piano & Orchestra
2001: (with Imogen Cooper) Schubert: Piano Works for Four Hands
2002: Serenity: Satie
2002: Mozart: Anne Queffélec
2003: The works for solo piano volume 1 (EMI)
The works for solo piano volume 2 (EMI)
2004: Beethoven: Lettre à Élise
2004: Satie, Ravel: Piano Works
2004: Satie: Gnossiennes; Gymnopédies; Piano Works
2006: Haendel: Suites HWV430, 431, 433 & 436
2006: Satie: 3 Gymnopédies; 6 Gnossiennes
2007: Domenico Scarlatti, Sonate pour piano (Warner Apex)
2008: Satie: Gymnopédies; Gnossiennes; Sports and Divertissements
2009: Johann Sebastian Bach: Contemplation
2009: (with Imogen Cooper) Schubert: Piano Works for Four Hands
2009: Haydn, Sonates et variations (Mirare)
2010: Chopin, De l'enfance à la plénitude (Mirare)
2013: Satie & Compagnie
2014: Ombre et lumière D. Scarlatti 18 sonates pour clavier (Mirare MIR 265)

References

External links
 External Biography

20th-century French women classical pianists
1948 births
Living people
Musicians from Paris
Prize-winners of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
EMI Classics and Virgin Classics artists
Virgin Classics artists
21st-century French women classical pianists
Erato Records artists

Anne Queffélec


The Office of Production Management was a United States Government agency that existed from January 1941 to centralize direction of the federal procurement programs and quasi-war production during the period immediately proceeding the United States' involvement in World War II. After the United States formally entered World War II, the War Production Board superseded the Office of Production Management in January 1942 and the office ceased to exist shortly thereafter. It was established and distestablished by Executive Order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

References

Defunct agencies of the United States government
Agencies of the United States government during World War II
Government agencies established in 1941
Government agencies disestablished in 1942

Office of Production Management


Ferdinand Hart Nibbrig (5 April 1866 – 12 October 1915) was a Dutch painter and Theosophist. He was one of the first artists who introduced luminism to the Netherlands. Hart was his mother's maiden name. He adopted it in 1884 when all of her brothers had died without issue. During his student years he was a renowned amateur racing cyclist.

Biography
Hart Nibbrig was born to a family of merchants. His grandfather, who had several well-known artists as friends, noticed Ferdinand's talent for drawing and advised his father to have him given lessons by Johan Adolph Rust (1828–1915), a noted marine painter who taught at the local technical school. His formal artistic training began at the Quellinusschool from 1881 to 1883, followed by five years at the Rijksakademie. This was followed by a year in Paris at the Académie Julian and the Atelier Cormon.

Initially, he painted in the style of Amsterdam Impressionism but, while in Paris, came under the influence of Vincent van Gogh and Georges Seurat and adopted Pointillism. His first studio, in Amsterdam, had originally belonged to Jozef Israëls. Later, he lived in Laren, North Holland, but worked throughout the Netherlands, especially in Vlieland and Zoutelande. He also travelled to Germany and Algeria, which proved to be a disappointment because it was too hot to work and he could not find any models.

In 1895, he married Johanna Bartruida Moltzer (1869–1957), whom he met while doing portraits of her family. After 1906, he began to feel that Laren was losing its character and moved to Rhenen, Utrecht. During this time, he reverted to older styles of painting.

He returned to Laren a year later, however; in 1910, he built a house, designed by . He also took numerous students; most notably Jacoba van Heemskerck.

In 1908, his wife left the Dutch Reformed Church to become a Theosophist. Ferdinand followed suit, joining the lodge in the Gooi and hosting meetings in their home. After his death, Johanna moved to Dornach, Switzerland, where Rudolf Steiner had established a private institute.

A permanent exhibition of his paintings, drawings and lithographs was established at the Singer Museum in 1981. A street is named after him in the Overtoomse Veld neighbourhood of Amsterdam; an area which features streets named after 19th- and 20th-century Dutch painters.

Selected paintings

References

Further reading
Dominique Colen and Denise Willemstein, Ferdinand Hart Nibbrig 1886-1915, WBooks 1996

External links

 Simonis & Buunk: More works by Nibbrig.
 Biography and appreciation @ the De Valk Lexicon kunstenaars Laren-Blaricum

1866 births
1915 deaths
19th-century Dutch painters
Dutch male painters
Painters from Amsterdam
Pointillism
20th-century Dutch painters
Dutch Theosophists

Ferdinand Hart Nibbrig


SC Austria Lustenau is a football club from Lustenau, Vorarlberg. The club is playing in the Erste Liga, the second division in Austria.

History
The club was founded in June 1914 as football department of Turnerbund Lustenau and was named FA Turnerbund Lustenau. This name had the club till 1936. For not having a football assosiation in Vorarlberg the club only played friendly matches. During the time of  First World War there were no matches. In 1920 the club started in a regular championship. The first success was the Vorarlberg championship in the 1929/30 season. They were qualified for the Austrian Amateur Championship and reached the final versus Kremser SC.

In 1936 the club left the Turnerbund Lustenau and became a club of its own. The were renamed to SC Austria Lustenau. In the following years they reached several titels.  In 1994 they won the Regionalliga West and were promoted to the First League, the second division in Austrian football. From 1997 to 2000 they played in the Bundesliga, the top division of Austrias football. Since the relegation 2 000 they played in the 2. Liga. In the 2021-22 season they won the league and were promotet to the Bundesliga.

The biggest success so far was the Cup final in 2010/11. Austria Lustenau was the first club from Vorarlberg which ever reached a Cup final. The match was lost against SV Ried. In 2020 they reached again the Cup final but lost again versus FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Current squad
Updated 17 December 2021.

Honours
Runner-up Austrian Amateur Championship: 1930 (FA Turnerbund)
Champion 2nd division: 1997
Champion Regionalliga West(3rd division): 1994
Champion Tyrol/Vorarlberg: 1977
Vorarlberger Champion: 1930 (FA Turnerbund), 1937, 1946, 1949, 1965, 1977, 1978, 1980 (Austria) , 2005 (Austria-Amateure)
 Vorarlberger Cup : 1936, 1949, 1951, 1958, 1980 (Austria) 1999 (Austria-Amateure)

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Vorarlberg

SC Austria Lustenau


Tai Hang Sai Estate () is a private housing estate in Shek Kip Mei, Kowloon, Hong Kong. It is located between Shek Kip Mei Estate and Tai Hang Tung Estate, near MTR Shek Kip Mei station. It consists of 8 residential buildings which were built in 1965 and 1977 respectively. Although it is rental housing, it was developed by a privately owned company, unlike other public housing estates which are built and managed by either Hong Kong Housing Authority or Hong Kong Housing Society.

History
In 1961, the British Hong Kong Government granted a piece of land at concessionary premium to the Hong Kong Settlers Housing Corporation Limited (), founded in 1952 by Dr Lee Iu Cheung and others, to build and then manage the present Tai Hang Sai Estate in order to rehouse tenants affected by clearance of the then Tai Hang Sai Resettlement Area.

In 1965, the Corporation constructed seven buildings with a total of 1603 flats and let them out at rents below market levels to tenants on low incomes. This was the only instance in Hong Kong that Government granted land to a private company to build rental housing.

In 1977, just after the opening of Shek Kip Mei station, the eighth building, Man Tai House, was completed.

Demographics
According to the 2016 census, Tai Hang Sai Estate had a population of 2,639. The median age was 49.4 and the majority of residents (94.8 per cent) were of Chinese ethnicity. The average household size was 2.5 people. The median monthly household income of all households (i.e. including both economically active and inactive households) was HK$28,800.

Politics
Tai Hang Sai Estate is located in Nam Shan, Tai Hang Tung & Tai Hang Sai constituency of the Sham Shui Po District Council. It was formerly represented by Tam Kwok-kiu, who was elected in the 2019 elections until July 2021.

References

Public housing estates in Hong Kong
Private housing estates in Hong Kong
Residential buildings completed in 1965
Shek Kip Mei

Tai Hang Sai Estate


Margaret "Mag" Ruffman (born February 28, 1957) is a Canadian comedian, actress and television host.

She has played roles in films such as Anne of Green Gables and Anne of Avonlea and TV series Road to Avonlea. She was reunited with Sarah Polley on the set of the Netflix show Alias Grace in 2017 when she played Diane.

Mag also creates and performs in the theatre. She created and performed as Ms. Eleanor Crumpacker in Dufferin Museum's 1919 Prohibition Halloween Dinner Theatre in 2019. Mag also wrote and performed in a one-woman show entitled Self-Help Cabaret on January 19, 2020.

In addition to her acting, Ruffman works on home improvement, hosting shows for W Network, Canada's women's network. She hosted A Repair to Remember in 1999 and 2000. In 2000, she launched a second series, Anything I Can Do, a workshop show. Ruffman writes a weekly home improvement column, ToolGirl, for the Toronto Star. She published a collection of her ToolGirl columns as a book, How Hard Can It Be?, in 2003.

Filmography

Film

Television

Writer & director

References

External links

 Mag Ruffman page at HomeEnvy.com
 Mag's ToolGirl website

1957 births
Living people
Canadian television actresses
Canadian voice actresses
Canadian columnists
Canadian television hosts
People from Richmond Hill, Ontario
Actresses from Ontario
Canadian women columnists
Canadian women television hosts

Mag Ruffman


Sarah "Sally" Cary Fairfax (1735 – 1811 in Bath, England) was the wife of George William Fairfax (1724–1787), a prominent member of the landed gentry of late Colonial Virginia and the mistress of the Virginia plantation and estate of Belvoir. She is well-remembered for being the woman with whom George Washington was apparently in love before his marriage to Martha Dandridge Custis.

Biography

Family, early life and marriage
Sarah "Sally" Cary, came from one of Virginia's oldest and wealthiest families. Her forefather, Miles Cary of Bristol, England, first came to America in the mid-17th century and established himself as a Virginian nobleman. Colonel Wilson Cary, Sally's father and a member of the House of Burgesses, inherited one of Virginia's largest fortunes and the family estate, Ceelys on the James. Little is known about his wife and Sally's mother, Sarah, because of an 1826 fire, which destroyed many of the family's records. Out of Colonel Cary's four daughters, the eldest Sally was the most sought-after and a grande belle in Virginian society. Although she had many suitors, George William Fairfax eventually won Sally's favor, and in records found by Wilson Miles Cary, a writer and family historian, their marriage was announced in The Virginia Gazette in December 1748. After their marriage, Sally and George William moved into the Belvoir estate, which had been established in the early 1740s, by his father Col. William Fairfax.

The Fairfax family, as the Carys, was a living remnant of European feudalism and English aristocracy. Fairfax family members generally held the reins of social and political power in Virginia.

Relationship with George Washington
George William's sister, Anne Fairfax, married Lawrence Washington soon after George William's marriage to Sally. Lawrence's half-brother, George Washington, began visiting Belvoir frequently. Wishing to advance his brother's fortunes, Lawrence introduced George to George William. A friendship grew between the two men, who were close in age, as well as an unconsummated romance between Sally Fairfax and George Washington. She was a key inspiration for the future President to elevate himself to a higher social, cultural, and intellectual sphere.

While serving in the Forbes campaign in September 1758, George Washington wrote a famous letter to Sally, telling her that "Tis true, I profess myself a Votary to Love…I feel the force of her amiable beauties in the recollection of a thousand tender passages that I wish to obliterate, till I am bid to revive them – but experience alas! Sadly reminds me how Impossible this is."   In another letter, he makes an allusion to the literary characters Juba, prince of Numidia, who loves Cato's daughter Marcia, in the play Cato, by Joseph Addison.

George Washington married the wealthy Martha Dandridge Custis. Sally and George William were the most frequent visitors to Mount Vernon, implying that any inkling the spouses had of previous indiscretions (or flirtation) was politely ignored.

Later years
The happy foursome separated in 1773, when the Fairfaxes repaired to England to attend to family matters. Thereafter, George William's fortunes were crushed. As a Loyalist, he had every intention of returning to America after the 1776 insurrection was over, but the success of the American Revolution prevented either of them from ever returning. George William died in 1787, and Sally lived in Bath until her death in 1811.

Bibliography
Note: All excerpts from correspondence have been taken from Wilson Miles Cary's Sally Cary: A Long Hidden Romance of Washington's Life. (See Bibliography)

 Wilson Miles Cary, Sally Cary: A Long Hidden Romance of Washington's Life,  New York: The DeVine Press, 1916.
 Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency George Washington, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.
 Nathaniel Wright Stevenson, "The Romantics and George Washington", In: The American Historical Review, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Jan., 1934), p. 274-283.
 Paul van Dyke, "Washington"  In Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 71, No. 4 (Apr., 1932), p. 191-205.
 Martha Washington, by Patricia Brady (2006).

References

External links
Sally Fairfax at Find a grave

1730s births
1811 deaths
Colonial American women
American socialites
British North American Anglicans
Cary family of Virginia
Sally
American people of English descent
People from Fairfax County, Virginia
People from Warwick County, Virginia
Year of birth unknown
People from Fort Belvoir, Virginia

Sally Fairfax


Elice is a comune and town in the province of Pescara, part of the Abruzzo region of Italy.

History
The territory, due to the fertility of the land, was inhabited since as early as the Paleolithic Age. The name of the village derives from holm oaks, which once covered the area. During the 15th century it belonged to the town of Penne and for a long time to the Castiglione family. It was known in the late 19th century for its ceramic workshops.

Cities and towns in Abruzzo

Elice


John W. Shrader (born c. 1957) is an American college professor and sports broadcaster, currently working in Nebraska. He is Assistant Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication at University of Nebraska–Lincoln.  He does LA Galaxy soccer play-by-play for Time Warner Cable SportsNet. He did play-by-play of the San Jose Earthquakes for Comcast SportsNet Bay Area and Comcast SportsNet California.

For 15 years, he was a sports anchor and talk show host for KNBR (680 AM), San Francisco, known locally as "The Sports Leader." In addition to his regular duties, Shrader was a sideline reporter for the San Francisco 49ers in 2005.  He began his Northern California broadcasting career at KNTV (Channel 11) in San Jose as a weekend sports anchor before becoming the weekday sports anchor at KICU (Channel 36) in the same city. He started his broadcast career as a sportscaster and news reporter at NTV Network, KHGI-TV, in Kearney, Nebraska, and was also Sports Director of KHAS-TV in Hastings, Nebraska.

For nearly a decade, Shrader was the radio voice of San Jose State University sports.  In 1988 and 1989, Shrader was on the television broadcast crew for the Oakland Athletics. In 2006, Shrader resigned his position with KNBR after 15 years, citing the new owner's difference of opinion regarding his worth to the station.

Shrader joined play-by-play announcer Randy Hahn and color analyst Drew Remenda on FSN Bay Area (now CSN Bay Area) as the San Jose Sharks intermission host and rink-side reporter for two seasons, beginning in 2007. He won an Emmy in 2009 for his work on a Stanley Cup playoff game.

Shrader has a Master's degree in Mass Communications from San Jose State (2008) and a Bachelor's degree in Journalism from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.  He is a native of Neligh, Nebraska

Trivia
 The likeness of John Shrader was used in NHL 95 by Electronic Arts. Shrader was used to introduce the games and the starting lineups for the two teams. He replaced the likeness of Ron Barr, who introduced the games in NHLPA Hockey 93 and NHL 94. He also introduces tournaments in PGA Tour III and games in MLBPA Baseball, both also by Electronic Arts.
 John Shrader lends his voice to the video game NHL 2K9 by Take2 where he appears as the Intermission Host / Rinkside Reporter, and has done so in NHL 2K10 and NHL 2K11 as well.
He does play-by-play commentary for Los Angeles Galaxy on Time Warner Cable Sportsnet. He has also commentated upon college football and high school football on TWC Sportsnet.

References

1950s births
National Football League announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
College football announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
American sports announcers
Association football commentators
Living people
Year of birth uncertain
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Oakland Athletics announcers
American reporters and correspondents
San Francisco 49ers announcers
American radio personalities
San Jose Earthquakes
High school football announcers in the United States
San Jose State University alumni
San Jose State Spartans football announcers
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
California State University, Long Beach faculty
San Jose State University faculty
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) commentators

John Shrader