City Island is a neighborhood in the northeastern Bronx in New York City, located on an island of the same name approximately  long by  wide. City Island is located at the extreme western end of Long Island Sound, south of Pelham Bay Park, and east of Eastchester Bay.

At one time the island was incorporated within the boundaries of Pelham, Westchester County, New York, but the island is now part of New York City. City Island is part of the Pelham Islands, a group of islands that once belonged to Thomas Pell. The body of water between City Island and the even smaller, uninhabited Hart Island to the east is known as City Island Harbor. The small island adjacent to the northeast is High Island. The Stepping Stones Light, marking the main shipping channel into New York, is off the southern tip of City Island, near the Long Island shore.

As of the 2020 Census, the island had a population of 4,417. Its land area is . The island is part of Bronx Community District 10, and its ZIP Code is 10464.

History

Prior to European colonialism, the island now known as City Island was inhabited by Native Americans, possibly the Wiechquaeskeck band of the Lenape people who left shell middens indicating that they had gathered, cooked, and consumed oysters and clams on the island. The island was part of a very large property, about 50,000 acres, to which the English physician Thomas Pell established ownership in a treaty signed by five Lenape sachems in 1654.

The island, known by different names including: Minnewits, Minneford, Minefer's, Great Mulberry Island, was purchased in 1761 by Benjamin Palmer of New York, who planned to make it a major seaport in western Long Island Sound. Palmer changed the name to New City Island, later dropping the "New."

Up to this point the island had been inhabited by only a few homes and farms. It had a population of about 1000 people, who tended farms and livestock. Palmer had the vision of developing the island into a port, which could rival that of New York. He knew that ships heading north and south passed City Island using Long Island Sound as a safe inshore waterway. He envisioned shipyards, and stores that could cater to the ships. He went as far as to have the island mapped out in different plots designated as shipyards, docks, business, farms, homes, schools, and houses of worship, along with streets, paths, and access routes. Benjamin Palmer appealed to the British Crown and received letters patent that covered the ownership of waterfront properties 400 feet out from the high tide mark under water and around the perimeter of the Island. This patent, known as the "Palmer Grant" is unique to City Island; it has been contested in courts since, but has always been upheld.

Palmer also is responsible for changing the name from Minefer's Island to City Island in anticipation of things to come. Palmer's vision never fully materialized, however, as the timing just before the American Revolution halted all progress, and the war depleted the capital of Palmer and his investors. It would be another sixty years before the island again started to be developed when oystermen, pilots of Hell Gate, a set of nearby narrows, and eventually shipbuilders arrived and introduced these industries.

In 1819, City Island was annexed to the town of Pelham, Westchester County. It narrowly voted to become a part of New York City in 1895, in exchange for a new bridge to the mainland, and was consolidated as part of the Bronx in 1898. The island continued to host harbor defenses through the early 20th century. In the mid-20th century, City Island developed as a shipbuilding community, before becoming a daytrippers' destination. City Island has generally remained sparsely developed with a suburban feel. A 43-unit condo complex called On the Sound, built in 2015, was the first major residential project on the island since around 2000.

According to local tradition, anyone actually born on the island is known as a "clam digger".  A City Island resident not born on the island is known as a "mussel sucker".

Demographics

As of the 2020 Census, the island had a population of 4,417.

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies City Island as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Pelham Bay-Country Club-City Island. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Pelham Bay-Country Club-City Island was 26,583, a decrease of 557 (2.1%) from the 27,140 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of . The racial makeup of the Pelham Bay-Country Club-City Island neighborhood was 62.0% (16,488) White, 2.9% (773) African American, 0.1% (36) Native American, 3.6% (969) Asian, 0.0% (5) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (110) from other races, and 0.9% (252) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 29.9% (7,950) of the population.

The entirety of Community District 10, which comprises City Island, Co-op City, Country Club, Pelham Bay, Schuylerville,
Throgs Neck and Westchester Square, had 121,868 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 81.1 years. This is about the same as the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle-aged adults: 20% are between the ages of between 0–17, 26% between 25 and 44, and 27% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 18% respectively.

As of 2017, the median household income in Community District 10 was $59,522. In 2018, an estimated 14% residents of Community District 10 lived in poverty, compared to 25% in all of the Bronx and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 13% in the Bronx and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 45% in Community District 10, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 58% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, , Community District 10 is considered high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Land use

Most businesses are clustered along the central City Island Avenue.  There is one small supermarket, a gas station, a pharmacy, a bank, a hardware store and a variety of other small shops.  The island is most famous for its numerous seafood restaurants and antique stores, which line both sides of the avenue.

At the southernmost section of City Island is Belden Point, named for William Belden, a developer who opened an amusement park and resort in the area in 1887. In the early part of the 20th century, the area was a favored recreation location for business tycoons including Vincent Astor, J.P. Morgan and William Randolph Hearst.  Today, Belden Point is home to a number of popular seafood restaurants. A new public greenspace was dedicated in 2016 at its waterfront tip.

In 1960 City Island became the last community in New York City to get dial telephone service. Until then eight operators in a private home on Schofield Street connected all calls. The dial exchange began as Area Code 212-TT5. Now Area Code 718–885.

Geology
City Island was created by glacial deposits at the end of the last ice age. There is a layer of bedrock and then a thick layer of red clay topped with sand, with topsoil above that. The southern end has deposits of rare blue clay. The area is strewn with glacial erratic boulders. Local bedrock is Manhattan schist with glacial striations.

Endemic wildlife
The forms of animal life on the island are not much different from that of the surrounding region, and are typical of a suburban environment: raccoons, squirrels, rabbits, skunk, and occasional deer.  Coyotes and turkeys have also been sighted.

The real diversity of wildlife on and around City Island is among birds, especially aquatic species.  There are many varieties of duck; buffleheads, goldeneyes, mallards, and cormorants.  Canada geese are common, as are mute swans, great blue herons, great white egrets, and several types of gull.  A small protected wetlands area on west Ditmars Street is home to many of these species as well as the feral pigeon.

Bright green parrots (monk parakeets), originally imported from South America as pets, have adapted to the climate and breed in the wild in New York. They are a common sight on City Island and in nearby Pelham Bay Park.  Rafters of wild turkeys also are often seen in the park.  Deer are occasionally seen on the island, although more commonly  in Pelham Bay Park. Another, nonnative species of the island is the brown or De Kay's snake, which has adapted to life among the island's growing community.

Activities

Local points of interest
The island is famous for its seafood restaurants; lobster is a popular specialty. Over 30 eating establishments compete for business, ranging from fast food (Johnny's Reef), to The Black Whale, famous for its desserts. While a few of the restaurants close during the winter months, most are open year-round.

The City Island Nautical Museum displays maritime artifacts and antiques. It is located at 190 Fordham Street and is open only on Saturday and Sunday afternoons (other times by appointment). Admission is eight dollars and there is a small gift shop. The Museum is located in the PS17 building, a historic school building built in 1897 before the City Island Bridge.

The Island has landmarks such as the Samuel Pell Mansion on City Island Avenue, near St. Mary Star of the Sea Church. It is where Arsenic and Old Lace was filmed for TV in 1969. There are a number of old Victorian mansions located throughout City Island, mostly on the Sound side, complete with tall pointy spires and gables with gazebos, such as Delmours Point on Tier Street.

The City Island Theater Group, a local community theater established in 1999, produces shows year round.

Boating

The island has three yacht clubs situated on the Eastchester Bay side of the island. They are, from north to south, the Harlem Yacht Club, the City Island Yacht Club, and the Morris Yacht and Beach Club. The Touring Kayak Club is on the west side of the island.  Barron's Boatyard, the North Minneford Yacht Club and the South Minneford Yacht Club are on the east side of the island. There are two active sail lofts (UK-Halsey and Doyle). The island also has several commercial marinas.

The island has what are called "special anchorages" where boats of all sizes are freely moored or anchored, and there are many docks with boat slips for mooring boats in a secure and restricted way. There are also many large piers around the island that can receive large ships.

The island is home to the Columbia University Sailing Team, whose fleet of dinghies is docked at City Island Yacht Club.  The team comes from Manhattan four times a week to practice off the western shore of City Island. Fordham University's Sailing Team sails out of Morris Yacht and Beach Club. Many of the boats which competed and won in the America's Cup in years past were built in the Nevins Boat Yard on City Island. The Eastchester Bay Yacht Racing Association is the major organizer for sailboat races in the area.  J/24 sailboats are the one active design racing fleet on the island.

A small fleet of head boats takes paying passengers on fishing trips to Long Island Sound.  Smaller boats are also available for rent by the day.  The sail and power boating industry has been declining in recent years, as boatyards are being sold and being converted into condominiums.

Local organizations
City Island Civic Association
American Legion - Leonard H. Hawkins Post 156
Cub Scouts Troop 211
Boy Scouts Troop 211
City Island Nautical Museum
Garden Club of City Island
AARP 318
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla 014-05-04 City Island
U.S. Power Squadron City Island
City Island Republicans
American Legion Auxiliary Post 156
City Island Rising
City Island Little League
Bronx Masonic District
 City Island Indivisible
 City Island Oyster Reef, Inc

The Island Current
The Island Current is a local newspaper printed monthly. The first issue was printed in October 1971 and the newspaper focuses on local issues, gatherings and businesses, as well as boating information. The newspaper maintains a close relationship to the City Island Chamber of Commerce.

Police and crime
City Island is patrolled by the 45th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 2877 Barkley Avenue in Throggs Neck. The 45th Precinct ranked 28th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010. , with a non-fatal assault rate of 53 per 100,000 people, Community District 10's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 243 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

The 45th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 67% between 1990 and 2022. The precinct reported five murders, 13 rapes, 235 robberies, 265 felony assaults, 108 burglaries, 609 grand larcenies, and 323 grand larcenies auto in 2022.

Fire safety
City Island is served by the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 70/Ladder Co. 53, located at 169 Schofield Street.

Health
, preterm births are more common in Community District 10, which comprises City Island, Co-op City, Country Club, Pelham Bay, Schuylerville, Throgs Neck and Westchester Square, compared to other places citywide, although births to teenage mothers are less common. In Community District 10, there were 110 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 10.3 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide). Community District 10 has a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 7%, lower than the citywide rate of 14%, though this was based on a small sample size.

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Community District 10 is , the same as the city average. Fourteen percent of Community District 10 residents are smokers, which is the same as the city average of 14% of residents being smokers. In Community District 10, 24% of residents are obese, 13% are diabetic, and 37% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively. In addition, 25% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.

Eighty-seven percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is the same as the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 77% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", about the same as the city's average of 78%. For every supermarket in Comm, there are seven bodegas.

The nearest large hospitals are Calvary Hospital, Montefiore Medical Center's Jack D. Weiler Hospital, and Jacobi Medical Center in Morris Park. The Albert Einstein College of Medicine campus is also located in Morris Park.

Post office and ZIP Code
City Island is located within ZIP Code 10464. The United States Postal Service operates the City Island Station post office at 199 City Island Avenue.

Education
Community District 10, which comprises City Island, Co-op City, Country Club, Pelham Bay, Schuylerville, Throgs Neck and Westchester Square, generally has a lower rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city . While 34% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 16% have less than a high school education and 50% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 26% of Bronx residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher. The percentage of Community District 10 students excelling in math rose from 29% in 2000 to 47% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 33% to 35% during the same time period.

Community District 10's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is slightly higher than the rest of New York City. In Community District 10, 21% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, a little more than the citywide average of 20%. Additionally, 75% of high school students in Community District 10 graduate on time, the same as the citywide average of 75%.

Schools

The public school on City Island is operated by the New York City Department of Education. PS 175, located on City Island Avenue, serves grades K-8 for the island.

The School of St. Mary Star of the Sea was a Roman Catholic grade school, serving grades PreK-8 on City Island, until it closed in the end of the 2012–2013 school year. The church operated Holy Rosary Early Childhood Academy at St. Mary Star Of The Sea until its closure in 2010.

The former Public School 17 houses the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL)'s City Island branch is located at 320 City Island Avenue. The branch has been operating since 1903, but moved to its current building in 1970; a renovation in 1997 doubled the size of the branch. The City Island branch contains a "ship collection" of over a thousand ship-related media, as well as a collection of materials about City Island's history.

Religion
Houses of worship are Saint Mary Star of the Sea Holy Roman Catholic Church, Trinity United Methodist Church, Grace Episcopal Church, and Temple Beth El (founded in 1934).

Transportation

Starting in 1760, a small rope ferry ran between the mainland and City Island. In 1873 a bridge was built by a syndicate of City Island businessmen, including G.W. Horton, Ben Hedgeman, and David Carll. It was replaced by  steel, three-lane City Island Bridge in 1901. In 2014, the New York City Department of Transportation had proposed replacing it with a cable-stayed bridge hanging from a 160-foot tower but the design faced intense community opposition and the city submitted a redesign which was approved. A temporary bridge was used from December 2015 until October 2017 which allowed for the demolition of the old bridge and the construction of its replacement. The New City Island Causeway Bridge opened to traffic on October 29, 2017.

There is another small, private bridge on the northeastern end of City Island connecting it to High Island, site of the radio transmitter for WFAN (660 AM) and WCBS (880 AM). A security gate prevents public access.

The Pelham Park & City Island Railway connected City Island to Pelham Bay Park from 1887 to 1919. Originally composed of two separate railroads, the  narrow-gauge horsecar route was operated by the Pelham Park Railroad Company, which ran service between the Bartow station of the Harlem River & Port Chester Railroad and Brown's Hotel on City Island. The  route was complete by 1892. The Interborough Rapid Transit Company, which operated part of the modern-day New York City Subway, absorbed the two companies in 1902 and started designing its own monorail in 1908. The monorail's first journey in July 1910 ended with the monorail toppling on its side. Although service resumed in November 1910, the monorail went into receivership in December 1911, and the monorail ceased operation on April 3, 1914. In July 1914, the IRT sold the company to the Third Avenue Railway, which ceased operation of the City Island Railroad on August 9, 1919.

Today, the only public transportation to City Island are two bus routes operated by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The island is served by MTA Regional Bus Operations's Bx29 local route, which operates to the New York City Subway's Pelham Bay Park station, and two rush-hour extended round-trips of the BxM8 express route, which runs to Manhattan. The Bronx Tourism Council ran the City Island Seaside Trolley, which later became a ferry service. This ferry service was retired in 2020.

In popular culture

Films
A very early film shot in a City Island studio was Richard III (1912), the oldest surviving American feature-length film.
 The movie City Island (2009), starring Andy García and Julianna Margulies, is set on City Island and was shot there. The film won the Audience Favorite Award at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival.
 Butterfield 8 starring Elizabeth Taylor
 Long Day's Journey into Night (1962), with Katharine Hepburn
 Awakenings, with Robert De Niro and Robin Williams
 Love Is All There Is, with Lainie Kazan and Angelina Jolie
 A Bronx Tale, with De Niro and Chazz Palminteri, which featured the City Island Bridge and one scene filmed in the parking lot of Johnny's Reef Restaurant.
 Don't Say a Word at the Hart Island Ferry and Hart Island, with Michael Douglas
 Wes Anderson's The Royal Tenenbaums was filmed at Delmours Point, which is the mansion where Long Days Journey into Night was filmed.
 Louis Lombardi shot many scenes from Dough Boys (2008) on the island.
 The Groomsmen (2006), directed by Edward Burns, was filmed at many locations on City Island.
 Margot at the Wedding (2006), starring Nicole Kidman and Ciarán Hinds, which was filmed on City Island Avenue and other locations on the island.
 Michael Douglas returned to City Island with actor Danny DeVito to film Solitary Man (2009) in the City Island Diner.
 Jessica Alba was filmed in An Invisible Sign of My Own (2009) there.
 The documentary film Weiner (2016) includes a scene at a meeting of Democratic party voters on City Island.

Literature
James Gregory Kingston's novel, The City Island Messenger, uses City Island as the backdrop for a story about a young boy delivering Western Union telegrams that break the sad news of soldiers' deaths to families, over a span of a week during World War II, during the Battle of Midway
In Kurt Vonnegut's novel Bluebeard, the character Dan Gregory states that his  yacht, the Ararat, was dry-docked on City Island
William Fisher's 1952 novel, The Waiters, is about African American workers at an enormous seafood restaurant on City Island.
In Holly Black's Ironside, Kaye and Corny go to City Island as a means to get to Hart Island.

Television
Numerous television shows have featured or been shot on City Island. For example:
 Car 54, Where Are You?
 Comedian Jerry Seinfeld visited City Island Diner on the island with Ricky Gervais in one of the webisodes of his Comedians in Cars Getting Coffee
Coronet Blue
 The Law & Order episode "Maritime" showed the City Island bridge.
 The Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Sound Bodies", which was based on a real-life story of several local teenagers who drowned in Long Island Sound near City Island.
 The Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Melancholy Pursuit" partially takes place on City Island.
 The fictional city of Hyde in the series finale of the US version of Life on Mars was filmed on City Island.
 The Amazon series Sneaky Pete filmed on City Island during season 1.

Production company
Since 2002, the film production company Harrington Talents has had its offices and studio located on City Island. Notable celebrities who have worked on their productions include rapper and actor Ice-T, and professional wrestler Bruno Sammartino.

Notable residents
Notable current and former residents of the island include:

 Anthony Amato (1920–2011) and Sally Amato (1917–2000), founders and former directors of Amato Opera
 Harry Carey (1878–1947), one of silent film's earliest superstars
 Adolfo Carrión Jr. (born 1961), former Bronx Borough President
 Clinton Leupp (born 1965), drag performer, better known by his drag persona Coco Peru and actor (films To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar and Trick)
 Bruce McRae (1867–1927), silent film actor
 George Meany (1894–1980), union leader who served as president of the AFL–CIO
 Henry B. Nevins (1878–1959), master yacht builder
 Vincent Pastore (born 1946), actor known for his portrayal of Salvatore "Big Pussy" Bonpensiero  on the TV series The Sopranos
 Carlos D. Ramirez (1946–1999), publisher of El Diario La Prensa
 Red Buttons (1919–2006), comedian-actor who got his start at Ryan's Inn wearing a bellhop uniform with large red buttons.
 Oliver Sacks (1933–2015), who wrote the book Awakenings, whose adaptation was filmed at a house similar to his own, but on a different street on the island He would routinely swim around the entire island, or swim vast distances away from the island and back.
 Eric W. Sanderson, conservation ecologist and author.
 Salvatore Santoro (1913–2000), Lucchese crime family underboss
 Frank Scalice (1893–1957), Italian-American mobster who led the future Gambino crime family from 1930 to 1931, and was underboss from 1951 to 1957.
 Richard Waring (1911–1994), television and film actor

See also

 Cuban Ledge
 Execution Rocks Lighthouse
 Fort Slocum
 Green Flats Reef
 Hart Island
 Pelham Islands

References

Further reading
Maps and charts
City Island Tide Chart

Articles

"Close-up on City Island" . The Village Voice. 2002.
The City Island Digital Image Gallery

Literature

External links

 The Island Current
 City Island Webcam
 City Island Branch Library
 P.S. 175 City Island School

Islands of the Bronx
Islands of New York City
Long Island Sound
Neighborhoods in the Bronx
Populated coastal places in New York (state)

City Island, Bronx


Richard W. Farnsworth (September 1, 1920 – October 6, 2000) was an American television, stage, radio, voice, and movie actor, and a stuntman. He was previously known as Dick Farnsworth. He was nominated for two Academy Awards.

Farnsworth was known for his role as Sheriff Buster in the 1990 movie Misery. Farnsworth is the oldest person to receive an Academy Award nominated for Best Actor in a Leading role. He was 79 years old when he was nominated.

He was born in Los Angeles, California on September 1, 1920. He was married to Margaret Hill from 1947 until her death in 1985. They had one child.

Farnsworth never liked using four-lettered words. He was once asked by Roger Ebert what he was most proud of in regards to his acting career, he replied that it was the fact that in over 60 movies he never says one cuss word.

Farnsworth committed suicide on October 6, 2000 at his ranch in Lincoln, New Mexico by shooting himself. He was 80 years old.

He was added into the Hall of Great Western Performers of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum in 1997.

References

Other websites

 Richard Farnsworth at NNDB

1920 births
2000 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Suicides by firearm

Richard Farnsworth


Dabbala Rajagopal (Raj) Reddy (born Kattoor, India 19 June 1937) is an Indian computer scientist and Carnegie Mellon University professor. He is noted for his contributions to artificial intelligence, robotics and speech recognition.

Reddy developed Hearsay I, the first speech recognition system, which is the foundation for all commercial speech recognition programs today. He received his master's degree in computer science at the University of New South Wales in 1961 and his PhD from Stanford University in 1966.

Reddy served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mellon University for over 40 years. He has won many international awards for his work, including the Turing Award (which is computer science's greatest honor), membership in the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Legion of Honour, the IBM Research Ralph Gomory Fellow Award, the Padma Bhushan, the Okawa Prize, the Honda Prize, the IJCAI Donald E. Walker Distinguished Service Award, and the Vannevar Bush Award.

References

Other sources
"Raj Reddy." World of Computer Science. Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 8 May 2015.
"Dr Raj Reddy makes PCs talk the masses language." Businessline. 21 Dec. 2004 eLibrary. Web. 29 May. 2015.
http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_9634208.cfm
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1533587/Raj-Reddy

Turing Award winners
1937 births
Living people
Indian computer scientists
Stanford University alumni

Raj Reddy


In Greek mythology, Pterelaus (/ˌtɛrəˈleɪəs/; Ancient Greek: Πτερέλαος) was a king of the Taphians.

Family
Pterelaus was the son of Taphius and thus, the grandson of the first Pterelaus. Another account makes Taphius the son of Poseidon and Hippothoë, making him grandson of them and a descendant of the Argive hero Perseus.

Pterelaus was the father of several sons: Chromius, Tyrannus, Antiochus, Chersidamas, Mestor, Everes and a daughter named Comaetho.

Mythology
The god Poseidon had caused to grow upon his head a single magic golden hair which, so long as it continued to grow there, made him immortal and unconquerable. Pterelaus and his kin raided the cattle of the king of Mycenae; but he was killed in a retaliatory expedition led by Amphitryon (later the stepfather of Heracles) after being betrayed by Comaetho, who had fallen in love with Amphitryon and pulled out the golden hair from her father's head, rendering him defenceless. The vanquished Taphian realm was handed over to Amphitryon's allies, including Cephalus. Cephalus ruled over many islands, and his followers became known as Cephallenians. Odysseus was a descendant of Cephalus by the following lineage: Cephalus - Arcesius - Laërtes - Odysseus.

Notes

References
 Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. . Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.  Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

Kings in Greek mythology
Deeds of Poseidon

Pterelaus (son of Taphius)


Charles Carpenter Tillinghast Jr. (January 30, 1911 – July 25, 1998) was a chairman of Trans World Airlines and chancellor of Brown University.

Biography
Charles C. Tillinghast Jr. was born in Saxtons River, Vermont on January 30, 1911.  He was the son of Charles Carpenter Tillinghast, Sr. (1884-1961). He attended Horace Mann School and Brown University, where he played football, graduating in 1932.

He graduated from Columbia Law School in 1935 and became a lawyer in Manhattan. He was on the staff of district attorney Thomas E. Dewey in New York City and a partner with the law firm Hughes, Schurman and Dwight.

In 1957 he joined Bendix Corporation, becoming director of its foreign operations. He was a vice president at Bendix in 1961 when he was hired as president and CEO of TWA in a deal sponsored by creditors seeking to oust Howard Hughes from control of the airline. Because control of the airline was in litigation, Tillinghast received an employment contract, dubbed a "golden parachute", the first known use of that term. He served as chairman until 1976.

Tillinghast oversaw a golden era for TWA as it moved to a hub system and achieved dominance in the trans-Atlantic market, and expanded TWA's reach into the hospitality industry by way of its purchase of the Hilton Hotels chain through a newly created division called the Trans World Corporation.  He was criticized for ignoring the Pacific and domestic U.S. routes. During his tenure the airline industry went through major changes, including spikes in fuel prices and the advent of terrorism.

Tillinghast was chancellor of Brown from 1967 to 1978. In 1998 the university established the Tillinghast Professorship in International Studies in his honor.

Tillinghast died July 25, 1998, in Little Compton, Rhode Island.

References

External links
Caught at the Crest, Time magazine cover story, July 22, 1966

1911 births
1998 deaths
Kansas City metropolitan area
Trans World Airlines people
Brown University alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Horace Mann School alumni
Chancellors of Brown University
People from Rockingham, Vermont
Bendix Corporation people
20th-century American academics

Charles C. Tillinghast Jr.


The 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment (NF) was a regiment of the Reconnaissance Corps, which was itself part of the Royal Armoured Corps, raised by the British Army during the Second World War.

It was originally raised as the 8th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, formed as a 2nd Line Territorial Army duplicate unit of the 4th Battalion, just before the outbreak of the Second World War as a motorcycle battalion and served as such in the Battle of France in May 1940. It was converted to a reconnaissance unit in April 1941 and fought in North-West Europe from June 1944 until May 1945 when the war in Europe ended.

In July 1946, over a year since the end of the war in Europe, the regiment was placed in suspended animation, formally reconstituted on 1 January 1947 and immediately disbanded.

History

Formation
By 1939 it became clear that a new European war was likely to break out and, as a direct result of the German invasion of Czechoslovakia on 15 March, the doubling of the Territorial Army (TA) was authorised, with each unit and formation forming a duplicate.  Consequently, the 8th Battalion, Royal Northumberland Fusiliers was formed as a duplicate of the 4th Battalion on 18 June 1939 organized as a motorcycle battalion.

Second World War
On 2 October 1939, the battalion was assigned to the 23rd (Northumbrian) Division. The division was sent to France on 22 April 1940, on labour and training duties, without any of its artillery or the bulk of its signals and administration units. On 20 May 1940, the division suffered heavy casualties trying to delay the German advance at Arras and had to be evacuated at Dunkirk. On its return to the United Kingdom the 23rd Division was disbanded due to the heavy losses it had suffered and the two infantry brigades were sent to other divisions.

After Dunkirk, the battalion left the 23rd Division on 29 June 1940. It was under command of Home Forces until November 1940 when it joined the 3rd Infantry Division, a Regular Army formation, as a motorcycle battalion. The battalion was one of only two Territorial Army units in the division, the other being 76th (Highland) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery. On 30 April 1941 it was transferred to the Reconnaissance Corps and redesignated as 3rd Battalion, Reconnaissance Corps; then on 6 June 1942 as 3rd Regiment, Reconnaissance Corps (NF); and finally on 1 January 1944 it was transferred to the Royal Armoured Corps as 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment (NF).  It remained part of the 3rd Infantry Division until August 1945.

The 3rd Infantry Division remained in the United Kingdom, training for many years until it landed on Sword Beach on 6 June 1944D-Dayand fought through the Battle of Normandy (Caen, Bourguébus Ridge, Mont Pinçon), the Netherlands (The Nederrijn) and later the invasion of Germany the (Rhineland and the Rhine), ending the war in Bremen. By the end of the war the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment had lost 90 officers and other ranks killed in action.

Post-war
The regiment was placed in suspended animation in July 1946.

The Territorial Army was disbanded at the end of the Second World War but this was a formality.  TA units were reactivated on 1 January 1947, though no personnel were assigned until commanding officers and permanent staff had been appointed in March and April 1947.

The 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment was reconstituted on 1 January 1947, converted to infantry with its former title (8th Battalion) and immediately disbanded.

Notes

References

Bibliography

Reconnaissance Corps
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
Royal Armoured Corps
Regiments of the British Army
Regiments of the British Army in World War II

3rd (Royal Northumberland Fusiliers) Reconnaissance Regiment


Craig Matthew Stott (born 14 April 1990) is an Australian actor, perhaps best known for his role as Josh Watkins in the ABC television drama East of Everything (2008–09), and as the co-lead character John Caleo in Neil Armfield's Holding the Man (2015).

Personal life and career
Stott was born in Craigieburn, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, in 1990. A student of the University of Melbourne, Stott studied Middle Eastern Politics and Immigration Studies, and wrote articles on Middle Eastern affairs. Since 2016, he has been based in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Stott commenced training as an actor at Screen Actors Australia in 2001, at the age of 11. In 2010, he won a scholarship to the Stella Adler Studio of Acting, A New York City–based acting school founded by American actress and writer, Stella Adler. He was named the runner–up to Bella Heathcote for the Heath Ledger Scholarship Award, in 2010.

He was cast in the 2006 Australian adaptation of William Shakespeare's Macbeth, in the role of Fleance. The film, directed by Geoffrey Wright, starred Sam Worthington as Macbeth. For his work in Macbeth, Stott was nominated for the Best Newcomer Award in 2006 by the Australian Film Institute. Also in 2006, Stott appeared in an Australian short film, Teenage Lust. In 2008, Stott appeared in the fourth episode of the eighth season of drama series McLeod's Daughters as Jamie Mitchell, a teenager who has run away from home. Throughout this period in Stott's career, he starred in multiple episodes of the SBS comedy drama Kick in 2007, a guest appearance in the second series of crime drama City Homicide in 2008 and a role in the short film, Leap Year.

His next project was East of Everything, where he landed the regular role of Josh Watkins, a character he portrayed from 2008 to 2009 in the series' two seasons. On his character, Stott drew parallels between himself and Watkins, noting, "He wants to be independent, and that's me all over. At the moment I'm looking to move out. Not because of family problems but because I want my own freedom and that's what Josh is about." His acting was praised by The Age, which heralded Stott's performance as "strong". In 2009, he starred in the Australian film, The Vapour Boys.

Since 2011, Stott has had roles in multiple films, including These Empty Streets (2011), independent comedy horror film Ghost Team One (2013), short films James & Quinn (2013), Grace (2015) and Haven (2015).

Holding the Man

While Stott was in Los Angeles in November 2013, he received a brief for a "Gay love story, [set in] Melbourne, 1976" – a role within a film the actor believed "seldom comes along...in Australia's deeply machismo-oriented society". The film would end up being a film adaption of the 1995 memoir Holding the Man by Australian writer, actor, and activist Timothy Conigrave on his life, and centrally of his relationship with his lover of fifteen years, John Caleo. Following auditions and chemistry tests in London, Stott and fellow Australian actor Ryan Corr were selected as the co-leads of Holding the Man, John Caleo and Timothy Conigrave, respectively. Actors Anthony LaPaglia, Guy Pearce and Geoffrey Rush were chosen for supporting roles within the film.

Production on the film was temporarily suspended in 2014 to allow Stott to lose "up to 12 kilograms" for scenes later in the film which show Caleo with AIDS. On portraying Caleo, Stott noted that, "He wasn't a very complex person with striking, over-arching ambitions. He wasn't a boisterous or flamboyant character in the way that Tim was. To try and create a character that was really understated, that is who John was...I was always pulling it back. John really comes through in the subtleties, he's bubbling under the surface constantly."

The chemistry between Stott and Corr received praise among film reviewers and critics, with the two sharing in multiple sex and other intimate scenes throughout the film. Although Corr is straight, Stott had already come out as queer. Both actors "embraced" each other's sexuality for the film, and they shared their first intimate sex scene together during the auditions. Their on-set relationship also extended outside of Holding the Man, with the two going-out together as a couple and holding hands in public, so as to immerse themselves in the relationship of Conigrave and Caleo. The Guardian Australia praised Stott and Corr for their "memorable performances, both tender and strong, and it is their chemistry audiences will recall most vividly" and The Conversation commended both actors, noting their "palpable" chemistry "which is imperative in order to convey the deep bond [Conigrave and Caleo] had."

Filmography

References

External links

Living people
1990 births
Male actors from Melbourne
Australian male television actors
Australian male film actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian LGBT actors
Queer men
Queer actors
21st-century Australian LGBT people
People from Craigieburn, Victoria
University of Melbourne alumni
Australian expatriate actors
Australian expatriates in the Netherlands

Craig Stott


Guilin Qifengling Airport is a military airport in Guilin, Guangxi, China. Built in 1958, the airport originally served all commercial traffic to Guilin. It was poorly equipped to handle the rapid increase in tourism to the city during the 1990s. As a result, Liangjiang International Airport was opened in 1996 and all commercial flights shifted to it.

History
During World War II, the airport was known as Kweilin Airfield and was used by the United States Army Air Forces Fourteenth Air Force as part of the China Defensive Campaign (1942–45). The airfield is also known as Lijiacun Aifield (李家村机场) in Chinese to distinguish other airfield in the city. Kweilin was the headquarters of the 23d Fighter Group, the "Flying Tigers" during late 1943 and through most of 1944 and also its command and control unit, the 68th Composite Wing.  The unit flew P-40 Warhawk and later P-51 Mustang fighter bombers from the airport, attacking Japanese targets and supporting Chinese army units.  In support of the combat units, Kweilin was also the home of the 8th Reconnaissance Group, which operated unarmed P-38 Lightning aircraft equipped with an array of mapping cameras to gather intelligence over Japanese-held areas. The Flying Tigers departed the base in late 1944, being replaced by elements of the Chinese-American Composite Wing (CACW), which flew B-25 Mitchell and P-51 Mustang fighters from the airport on combat missions until the end of the war in September 1945. The Americans closed their facilities after the war ended in September 1945.

Qifengling Airport was rebuilt in 1958, serving both civil and military air traffic. During the 1990s, tourism to Guilin rose significantly. The majority of tourists came from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan and travelled to Guilin by air. In 1982, Qifengling Airport received 471,200 passengers; in 1991, the airport handled 1,456,000 passengers and was serving 16 airlines. The runway, small terminal, and apron of the airport grew inadequate due to this increased activity. Work on a new airport started in 1993 and was completed in 1996. Commercial flights shifted to the new Liangjiang International Airport upon its opening in October 1996.

Airfield
Qifengling Airport has one runway, 18/36, with dimensions .

Accidents and incidents
 On 26 April 1982, a Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E operating CAAC Flight 3303 was on approach to Qifengling Airport when it crashed into a mountain in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, about  southeast of Guilin. All 112 passengers and crew on board were killed.
 On 14 September 1983, a CAAC Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E was taxiing onto the runway at Qifengling Airport when a Harbin H-5 belonging to the Chinese military crashed into it, leaving a hole in the front right side of the Trident and killing 11 of its passengers.
 On 24 November 1992, a Boeing 737-300 operating China Southern Airlines Flight 3943 crashed into a mountain about  form Guilin while it was approaching Qifengling Airport. The incident killed all 141 occupants of the aircraft, and was the worst plane crash to occur within Southern China.

References

External links

Airports in Guangxi
Airports established in 1958
1958 establishments in China
Buildings and structures in Guilin
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in China
Chinese Air Force bases
Defunct airports in China

Guilin Qifengling Airport


Andrew Robertson (18 June 1827 – 29 March 1890) was a successful Scottish dry goods merchant at Montreal. He was best known as Chairman of the Montreal Harbour Commission. He purchased and donated the land on which the Erskine Presbyterian Church was built, and was president and Governor of the Montreal General Hospital. He was the first President of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada and the Commercial Travellers' Association of Canada. He was also President of the Montreal Board of Trade, the Dominion Board of Trade and the Royal Canadian Insurance Company.

Scotland

Robertson was born June 18, 1827, at Paisley, the son of Alexander Robertson and Grant Stuart Macdonald (1805–1828), daughter of Robert MacDonald (1778–1840) and Grant Stewart (1777-1854) of Perth, Perthshire. She died 13th September 1827 at Paisley. Andrew was a first cousin of James Robertson (1831–1914) who founded Robertson's Marmalade in 1864. Andrew received a classical education at the Paisley Grammar School, and then was instructed in the practical trade of weaving. In 1840, he moved to Glasgow and worked for the next four years in a dry goods store. At the same time he took a position in a manufacturing company and proving a success he was made a partner in 1848. In 1850 at Glasgow, he married Agnes Bow, but following medical advice, he immigrated with his young family to Montreal in 1853

Business in Montreal
Arriving in Montreal in 1853, Robertson continued in the dry goods business working for the firm of Brown & Swan until 1855. Afterwards, he established Andrew Robertson & Company, specializing in yard goods. In the early 1860s, he built the Auburn Woolen Mill at Peterborough, Canada West, where he manufactured Canadian tweed. He sold the mill in 1867 in order to buy the future Lord Mount Stephen's wholesale dry goods business in Montreal. Stephen's youngest brother, Francis, joined Robertson in the firm of Robertson, Stephen & Company, and in 1874 Robert Linton also became a partner. Robertson retired from business in 1885, and at his death left an estate of between $350,000 and $400,000. The year after his death, Linton acquired the interest held in the firm by Robertson's heirs.

Public life in Montreal
Early in his Montreal days, he purchased and donated the land on which Erskine Presbyterian Church was built. He served twice as president of the St. Andrew's Society in the 1860s, and belonged to the St James Club. During the American Civil War he joined the Canadian militia as Lieutenant and quartermaster of the Montreal Light Infantry. He was appointed Justice of the Peace in 1884. In 1872, he became a governor of the Montreal General Hospital, and later served as its treasurer, vice-president, and president. On his death he left $5,000 to the hospital. Robertson was also president of the Montreal Board of Trade in 1876 and 1877, and of the Dominion Board of Trade in 1876. He was the first president in 1874 of the Commercial Travellers' Association of Canada, president of the Royal Canadian Insurance Company from 1876 to 1890, and president of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada from its establishment in 1880 until his death.

He was closely associated with Andrew Allan and Alexander Walker Ogilvie in forming the Citizens' Gas Company which in the early 1880s attempted unsuccessfully to challenge the domination of the Montreal Gas Company. In 1881, he journeyed to British Columbia with Sir Charles Tupper, who described Robertson as a "merchant prince," in order to report on the feasibility of the Canadian Pacific Railway building a line between Victoria and Nanaimo. Although Robertson recommended such a move, the CPR did not undertake the construction.

Andrew also became active in politics and a bi-product of his Tory affiliations was an appointment to the Montreal Harbour Commission by Sir John A. Macdonald in 1878. He soon was made chairman and held this position until his death. While he had many major achievements in business and in the community, Andrew Robertson's most notable achievement was with the harbour commission. He dealt with a large deficit that he had inherited and undertook improvements to the harbour that kept it competitive in the shipping industry.

Family

In 1850, Robertson had married his wife Agnes Bow in Glasgow, the daughter of merchant Alexander Bow of Glasgow. In 1853, they emigrated to Montreal with their two eldest children. Their remaining eight children were all born in Montreal. The family lived at 'Elmbank' off Dorchester Street in the Golden Square Mile. Two children died young, and of the eight who survived they included,

Captain Alexander Robertson (1851–1928) J.P., married Laura Ellen Bond, daughter of the Rt. Rev. William Bennett Bond, Bishop of Montreal and 2nd Primate of the Anglican Church of Canada
Mary Robertson, married James Stewart Tupper, son of Sir Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada
Isabella Robertson, known as Bella, married in 1884 Hugh Paton (1852–1941) of Montreal and "The Island" at L'Abord-à-Plouffe.
Margaret Eliza Robertson, married James Alexander Strathy (1857–1901), son of James Breckinridge Strathy and Elvira Lee. They were the parents of seven children.
John Bow Robertson, of Montreal

References

1827 births
1890 deaths
Businesspeople from Montreal
19th-century Canadian civil servants
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Canadian justices of the peace

Andrew Robertson (businessman)


Atli Gíslason (born 12 August 1947) is a member of parliament of the Althing, the Icelandic parliament. He was first elected to represent the South constituency in 2007. He was elected as a member of the Left-Green Movement, but is now a non-party member. He is a co-founder of the new Rainbow political party, and stood for election in the 2013 parliamentary election as a member of that party.

References

Living people
1947 births
Atli Gislason
Atli Gislason
Atli Gislason

Atli Gíslason


Babahoyo (), founded May 27, 1948, by legislative decree, is the capital of the Los Ríos province of Ecuador. Its population is cited around 98,000.  It is bordered by two rivers, the San Pablo and the Caracol, which join to form the Babahoyo River. This meets the Daule River to form the Guayas River, which runs to the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil.

A processing and trade center for the surrounding agricultural region, the city handles rice, sugarcane, fruits, balsa wood, and tagua nuts (vegetable ivory). Rice and sugar are also milled here.

Geography

The city is located in on the left bank of the San Pablo River, which unites in its estuary with the Catarama River to form the Babahoyo River. One of the most interesting excursions one can take in the area is a boat trip on the Babahoyo River. Babahoyo is located in Litoral and is an obligatory stop to reach the mountains through the highways Babahoyo – Quito (Via Panamericana), Babahoyo – Ambato (Via Flores) and also through Babahoyo – Riobamba. Babahoyo is located in the south of the province of Los Ríos. The roads that unite it with other cities and towns in the coast are Babhoyo – Baba, Babahoyo – Guayaquil and Babahoyo – Milagro. Its geographical location is one of the best because more than 25000 cars, buses, trailers and trucks pass through Babahoyo every day. Babhoyo is a commercial center between the coast and the mountains. Through the urban road network, the city counts on two pedestrian bridges that permit communication between Barreiro and El Salto. There are four bridges for vehicles: the first two cross the Catarama River and the San Pablo river in the north of the city (highway Babahoyo – Quito); the third crosses the Lagarto marsh in the south of the city (highway Babahoyo – Guayaquil); and the fourth is located in the sector of La Ventura (highway Babahoyo – Ambato).

Climate
The city has a hot and humid climate.  Babahoyo floods frequently during the winter months.  (Note:Babahoyo flooded during January–June 2008 in which the entire city flooded)

History

The city of Babahoyo was founded on May 27, 1869 in the lands ceded by the Flores family. Facing the confluence of the Babahoyo River and Caracol River, the city was established on the right bank of the San Pablo River. For a long time it was called Bodegas (warehouses) because the customs and royal stores were located in the city, to control the commerce between Guayaquil and the cities of the Ecuadorian mountains.

Babahoyo suffered from many fires, the worst one occurring on March 30, 1867, which demolished all of the goods of the population, creating a sufficient motive for the government of Dr. Gabriel García Moreno to move the city to its current location. The capital was moved to the other side of the San Pablo River, where the urban district of Barreiro is now located.

It is a prototype of the activity and height of different orders of national life, and will continue to be so, because it has its own resources; it is the backbone of two regions: coast and mountains; being the most influential point in between the two, where the forces of many enterprising villages are bonded; because here the agricultural and commercial aspirations were founded.

In June 2023 Bella Montoya, 76, who had been presumed dead, awoke in a coffin after a five-hour wake and banged on the coffin lid to be let out. Ecuador's Health Ministry said in a statement on 11 June, that the woman had been admitted to hospital with a suspected stroke "and went into cardiorespiratory arrest without responding to resuscitation maneuvers, so the doctor on duty confirmed her death." The Martín Icaza government hospital had declared her dead on Friday. A video posted on Twitter, showing her in her open coffin, breathing heavily, while two men assisted her, went viral on social media.

Demographics
Babahoyo has a population of 98,251  in the city center, which is one of the largest of the region. It is one of the 20 biggest cities of the country. A large part of its population is in the urban area and in the outskirts of the city which are near the Bypass (Via E25, highway Babahoyo – Quito) that passes through all of the city from the south to the northeast. The center of the city begins at Malecón 9 de octubre, and includes the roads Juan x Marcos Isaías Chopitea and ends at Primero de Mayo. This is the center for commerce and public administration. The center has all infrastructure services and a large part of the community centers of the city; the buildings of this sector are built with strong, modern materials. The roads are in good repair, all with strong paving and some paved with flexible asphalt.

Economy

The population is mainly dedicated to farming and the common crops are rice and bananas. Different industries have taken root in this city such as Industrias Facundo located in the periphery of the city, and also the Ingenio Isabel Maria, the fourth largest refinery in the country, and different (piladoras); a large part of the city is upwardly mobile above all in the city center which is the largest economic center in the province. There are also a few different banking entities.

Culture

The patron saint's day is 24 September. Each year Babahoya gives just homage to the Virgin of Merced in the following manner: from the 15th until 23 September, different groups carry the Virgin through the streets of the city. On the 24th the day of September Merced is celebrated. Artisans of the mountain and coastal regions of Ecuador show and sell their wares, and there is always a large fair of children's toys. Folkloric groups and national and sometimes international singers come to give homage to the Virgin.

Attractions
Noteworthy attractions of the capital include the verdant gardens of Parque 24 de Mayo and the city's main cathedral, which is decorated with an enormous mosaic mural depicting the Virgin Mary.

One of the excursions that the area offers involves sailing down the Rio Babahoyo, taking in the countryside and the traditional lifestyle of the area's campesinos who live off the land, cultivating crops and raising cattle.  One feature of this journey that stands out is seeing the floating houses unique to the area.

Local Festivals
Within the local festivals and holidays that Babahoyans celebrate are the following:

Food

In Babahoyo the main dish is the ceviche of shrimp, fish and conch.  Another characteristic dish famous in Babahoyo is the caldo de manguera (sausage soup).

Transportation
Most bus companies running between Quito and Guayaquil stop or pass through Babahoyo. Quevedo connects with Guayaquil by two highways, a less popular one through Balzar and Daule, and one that passes through Babahoyo.

Babahoyo has two Transportation Agencies: Fluminense and The Santa Ana Cooperative. There are 5 bus routes and each of these go from the northeast to the south passing through the city center. There is also transportation by boat which joins the urban parishes of Barreiro and El Salto and the rural parishes of Pimocha and Caracol.

Rural Districts

La Unión
Located in the northwest of Babahoyo, close to the mountains, is an agricultural district which is dedicated to fishing and rice, soy and banana cultivation.

Pimocha
It is a very large district in regards to area. It borders Puebloviejo county in the north, the Babahoyo River in the south, the Caracol River in the east, and the Garrapata River in the west. Its precincts are Cauge, Guarumo, Chapulo, Convento, Mapan, Sauce, Gallinazo, Papayal, Compañía, Pechiche Dulce, Santa Rita, Las tres bocas, Calabria, Cubon de Caimito, Parindero, Río Grande, Tejar, Providencia, etc. It is certain that it was home to many tribes that formed the Huancavilca villages.

The main source of work and wealth is agriculture although some other industries exist. The ground produces cocoa, rice, sugar cane, coffee, rubber, fine wood, especially oak, cedar and balsa wood. Bananas are exported in large quantities. Also pineapple, sapote, and many wild fruits grow here. Extensive industries other than livestock and fishery are sugar factories and liquor production and rice and coffee farming.

Caracol

It is one of the oldest populations. Perhaps like Ojivarm it was the location of an indigenous tribe that the Spanish encountered during their expedition in these lands. In 1838 the population was raised to a category of an ecclesiastical parrish, making it independent of the curate of Babahoyo. It borders Catarma in the north, Barriero in the south, Montalvo in the east and is separated from Pimocha in the west by the Caracol River.

Febres Cordero

Created in Recinto de Las Juntas on May 14, 1936, its inhabitants are farmers and ranchers. Febres Cordero is one of the most important agricultural centres of the city.

References

External links

  Official Website of Babahoyo (Spanish)

Populated places in Los Ríos Province
Provincial capitals in Ecuador
Populated places established in 1796
1796 establishments in the Spanish Empire

Babahoyo


914
Area code 914 is an area code for New York. It was one of the first area codes ever created in 1947. It initially covered the entire southeastern part of New York, excluding New York City, but after it was split by  516 in 1951, and 845 in 2000, it now covers only the Westchester portion of New York. It consists of towns such as White Plains, New Rochelle, Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Mount Kisco, and Katonah.

Area code 914


Nut often refers to:
 Nut (fruit), fruit composed of a hard shell and a seed, or a collective noun for dry and edible fruits or seeds
 Nut (hardware), fastener used with a bolt

Nut, NUT or Nuts may also refer to:

Arts, entertainment, and media

Comics
 Nuts, comic  in the National Lampoon by Gahan Wilson (1970s)
 Nuts, comic strip in alternative newspapers by M. Wartella (1990s)

Fictional characters
 Nut (Marvel Comics), fictional character evoking the Egyptian sky goddess
 Nut (movie character), character portrayed by Shing Fui-On in two late 20th-century Hong Kong crime films

Films
 Nuts (1987 film), American drama
 Nuts (2012 film), French comedy
 Nuts! (film), animated documentary on John R. Brinkley

Television
NBC Universal Television Studio, or NUTS, former name of television  arm of NBCUniversal / Universal Television
 Nuts TV, British television channel related to Nuts magazine

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
 Nut, album by KT Tunstall
Nuts (album), by Kevin Gilbert
 Nuts (magazine),  UK men's weekly
 Nuts (play), 1979 play by Tom Topor
 "Nuts", song by Brooke Candy and Lil Aaron

Health
 NUT carcinoma, rare, very aggressive cancer

Institutions and organisations
 National Union of Teachers or NUT, former British trade union for school teachers
 Norwegian University of Science and Technology or NUT
 NUT (studio), anime studio

Instruments and mechanical tools
 Nut (climbing), metal device for wedging in rock crevices
 Nut, moving element of a ball screw
 Nut (string instrument), device supporting and stabilizing strings near the headstock of a violin or guitar

Science and technology
 306367 Nut, Apollo asteroid (1960)
 Network UPS Tools or NUTS
 No U-Turn Sampler or NUTS, algorithm
 Nuclear utilization target selection or NUTS, theory regarding nuclear weaponry
 NUT Container, FFmpeg format

Slang
 An insane person
 Nut hand or "the nuts", poker term for an unbeatable hand
 "Nuts", human testicles
 "Nut", term that can either refer to semen or ejaculation

Other uses
 Nut (goddess), the Egyptian goddess of the sky
 Nut, the En dash in typography
 Modesto Nuts, minor league baseball team in Modesto, California, USA
 No U-turn syndrome or NUTS, term describing Singaporean culture
 NUT Motorcycles, Newcastle-upon-Tyne motorcycle manufacturer
 "Nuts!", U.S. Army General Anthony McAuliffe's refusal-to-surrender message during the World War II German siege of Bastogne
 NUTS, European Union system of multiple layers of geographical divisions known as Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics
 Nutty slack, cheap fuel consisting of slack (coal dust) and small lumps of coal (nuts) (British English)
 The Nut (Tasmania), volcanic plug near the town of Stanley, Australia

See also
 Nutcase (disambiguation)
 Nut grass (disambiguation)
 Nut job (disambiguation)
 Nutcracker (disambiguation)
 Nutt (disambiguation)
 Nutter (disambiguation)
 The Nut (disambiguation)

Nut


Peter Weish (* 29 November 1936 in Vienna) is an Austrian scientist (biology, chemistry and physics), author and environmental activist.

Peter Weish studied biology, chemistry and physics at the University of Vienna. After receiving his doctorate of philosophy in 1966 he worked at the Institute for Nuclear Radiation Protection Centre Seibersdorf until 1970.

In 1969 he began a critical engagement with the health and societal aspects of nuclear energy. From 1974 he worked as a research officer at the Institute of Environmental Sciences and Conservation.

1984 he became a lecturer in Human Ecology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna.

In addition to his commitment to the nuclear industry (both in Austria and abroad) he dealt with questions from the environmental protection, environmental education, conservation and development cooperation. As part of his engagement for the environment, Dr. Peter Weish is working in numerous organizations and committees, for example:

 Forum for Nuclear Affairs (advisory body to the Ministry responsible for nuclear matters)
 World Wide Fund for Nature

Decorations and awards
 Hans Adalbert Schweigart medal of the World Union for Protection of Life
 Eduard Paul Tratz Gold Medal of the Austrian Federal Nature Conservation
 Konrad Lorenz National Award for Environmental Protection
 2012: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
 2006: Gold Medal of the Province of Vienna

References

External links
 Website in German (University of Vienna)

1936 births
Scientists from Vienna
Living people
Sustainability advocates
Austrian anti–nuclear power activists
University of Vienna alumni
Recipients of the Austrian State Prize
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class

Peter Weish


Paul Warren (born December 22, 1953) is an American rock and blues guitarist, known for being a member of a few rock bands as well as the former touring guitarist for English rock singer Rod Stewart for eleven years. He was also with American rock singer Richard Marx. Warren was also a member of Ray Manzarek's Nite City from 1977 till their disbanding in 1978. In 2013, Rod Stewart hired a new guitarist and Paul Warren was let go. Warren was also a former session musician for Motown records in the early to mid 70s this occupation would have him land on numerous albums.

Biography
Warren was born in Garden City, Michigan, to Pearl Elwanda Gribble and Walter Wayne Warren. His family relocated to Plymouth, Michigan, when Paul was a child. He started to play guitar at twelve years old, and at the age of seventeen, he was discovered by Norman Whitfield of Motown Records. Soon after, he became a regular session player for the famed Hitsville studios. The first recording he ever played on was "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone" by The Temptations. The song went to #1 on the Pop and Rhythm & Blues charts in 1972. It won a Grammy Award in 1983.

Warren appeared with the band Pacific Gas & Electric in 1972 on the German television show Beat Club. He also claims to have performed the famous guitar solo on Funkadelic's song "Get Off Your Ass and Jam".

After playing on numerous albums, he became a working studio musician, and when Motown moved offices to California in 1973, they paid for him to move so they could continue using his services as a session guitar player. He joined the rock band Rare Earth and is credited as being co-writer on three songs from the Back to Earth album.

After quitting Motown in 1975, Ray Manzarek of The Doors employed Paul to become the lead guitarist for his new band Nite City. By their second album, Paul had also become the lead singer and wrote a number of songs on the Album Golden Days Diamond Nights. The band had separated by the release of their second album. In the late 1970s, Paul formed his own band Paul Warren & Explorer – and was a regular on the Sunset Strip scene playing almost every weekend at either the Roxy, Whisky a Go Go, the Starwood, and Madame Wongs in China Town – among many others.  He was signed by RSO Records and released his failed first solo album One of the Kids in 1980. Later that year, RSO Records folded and Paul Warren found himself unemployed. He began being a guitar player for hire between the years 1981 and 1987, working for such greats and The Ventures, Tina Turner and Prism. He is also credited with producing a number of records in this era.

In 1987, he joined Richard Marx at the beginning of his career soon after the release of Richard's multi-platinum debut album.   Paul was Marx's Musical Director for seven years before leaving in 1994. The day after quitting Richard's band, he went out on the road to work as lead guitarist for the late British singer Joe Cocker. The "Have a Little Faith Tour" lasted eighteen months.  In 1996, Warren was employed by Italian singer Eros Ramazzotti. His guitar playing for Eros lasted eleven years before quitting for good in 2005.  In the interim, circa 1999, he was employed in between tours with Eros to work as guitarist for Rod Stewart. As of 2016, he had been playing behind Stewart for eleven years. In late 2010, he released his first solo album in over a decade entitled Round Trip with his own band. The Paul Warren Project

In recent years Warren has worked on recording sessions with local artists, producers and recording studios. He is working on obtaining a pilot license as well as taking boxing lessons.

Warren and his wife Melanie reside in Watertown, Tennessee, a suburb of Nashville.

Discography
 Rare Earth - Back to Earth (1975)
 Nite City - Nite City (1977)
 Nite City - Golden Days Diamond Night (1978)
 Paul Warren & Explorer - One of the Kids (1980)
 Prism - Beat Street (1983)
 The Paul Warren Project - Round Trip (2011)
 Cactus - Tightrope (2021)

References

External links
 The Paul Warren Project on Facebook
 Rod Stewart fan club site
 Pacific Gas & Electric on Beat Club (1972)

1953 births
Living people
People from Garden City, Michigan
RSO Records artists
Guitarists from Michigan
The Ventures members
Prism (band) members
20th-century American guitarists
People from Watertown, Tennessee
Nite City members

Paul Warren (musician)


A shunt is a device that is designed to provide a low-resistance path for an electrical current in a circuit. It is typically used to divert current away from a system or component in order to prevent overcurrent. Electrical shunts are commonly used in a variety of applications including power distribution systems, electrical measurement systems, automotive and marine applications.

Defective device bypass

One example is in miniature Christmas lights which are wired in series.  When the filament burns out in one of the incandescent light bulbs,  the full line voltage appears across the burnt out bulb. A shunt resistor, which has been connected in parallel across the filament before it burnt out, will then short out to bypass the burnt filament and allow the rest of the string to light.  If too many lights burn out however, a shunt will also burn out, requiring the use of a multimeter to find the point of failure.

Photovoltaics

In photovoltaics, the term is widely used to describe an unwanted short circuit between the front and back surface contacts of a solar cell, usually caused by wafer damage.

Lightning arrester

A gas-filled tube can also be used as a shunt, particularly in a lightning arrester.  Neon and other noble gases have a high breakdown voltage, so that normally current will not flow across it.  However, a direct lightning strike (such as on a radio tower antenna) will cause the shunt to arc and conduct the massive amount of electricity to ground, protecting transmitters and other equipment.

Another older form of lightning arrester employs a simple narrow spark gap, over which an arc will jump when a high voltage is present. While this is a low cost solution, its high triggering voltage offers almost no protection for modern solid-state electronic devices powered by the protected circuit.

Electrical noise bypass

Capacitors are used as shunts to redirect high-frequency noise to ground before it can propagate to the load or other circuit components.

Use in electronic filter circuits
The term shunt is used in filter and similar circuits with a ladder topology to refer to the components connected between the line and common. The term is used in this context to distinguish the shunt components connected between the signal and return lines from the components connected in series along the signal line.  More generally, the term shunt can be used for a component connected in parallel with another. For instance, shunt m-derived half section is a common filter section from the image impedance method of filter design.

Diodes as shunts
Where devices are vulnerable to reverse polarity of a signal or power supply, a diode may be used to protect the circuit. If connected in series with the circuit it simply prevents reversed current, but if connected in parallel it can shunt the reversed supply, causing a fuse or other current limiting circuit to open.

All semiconductor diodes have a threshold voltage – typically between 0.5 volt and 1 volt – that must be exceeded before significant current will flow through the diode in the normally allowed direction. Two anti-parallel shunt diodes (one to conduct current in each direction) can be used to limit the signal flowing past them to no more than their threshold voltages, in order to protect later components from overload.

Shunts as circuit protection

When a circuit must be protected from overvoltage and there are failure modes in the power supply that can produce such overvoltages, the circuit may be protected by a device commonly called a crowbar circuit. When this device detects an overvoltage it causes a short circuit between the power supply and its return. This will cause both an immediate drop in voltage (protecting the device) and an instantaneous high current which is expected to open a current sensitive device (such as a fuse or circuit breaker). This device is called a crowbar as it is likened to dropping an actual crowbar across a set of bus bars (exposed electrical conductors).

Battle short

On warships, it is common to install battle short shunts across fuses for essential equipment before entering combat.  This bypasses overcurrent protection at a time when removing power to the equipment is not an appropriate reaction.

Shunting an instrument but series connected in circuit

As an introduction to the next chapter, this figure shows that the term "shunt resistor" should be understood in the context of what it shunts.

In this example the resistor RL would be understood as "the shunt resistor" (to the load L), because this resistor would pass current around the load L. RL is connected in parallel with the load L.

However, the series resistors RM1 and RM2 are low Ohmic resistors (like in the photo) meant to pass current around the instruments M1 and M2, and function as shunt resistors to those instruments. RM1 and RM2 are connected in parallel with M1 and M2. If seen without the instruments these two resistors would be considered series resistors in this circuit.

Use in current measuring

An ammeter shunt allows the measurement of current values too large to be directly measured by a particular ammeter. In this case, a separate shunt, a resistor of very low but accurately known resistance, is placed in parallel with a voltmeter, so that virtually all of the current to be measured will flow through the shunt (provided the internal resistance of the voltmeter takes such a low portion of the current that it is negligible). The resistance is chosen so that the resultant voltage drop is measurable but low enough not to disrupt the circuit. The voltage across the shunt is proportional to the current flowing through it, and so the measured voltage can be scaled to directly display the current value.

Shunts are rated by maximum current and voltage drop at that current. For example, a 500 A, 75 mV shunt would have a resistance of , a maximum allowable current of 500 amps and at that current the voltage drop would be 75 millivolts. By convention, most shunts are designed to drop 50 mV, 75 mV or 100 mV when operating at their full rated current and most ammeters consist of a shunt and a voltmeter with full-scale deflections of 50, 75, or 100 mV. All shunts have a derating factor for continuous (more than 2 minutes) use, 66% being the most common, so the example shunt should not be operated above 330 A (and 50 mV drop) longer than that.

This limitation is due to thermal limits at which a shunt will no longer operate correctly.  For manganin, a common shunt material, at 80 °C thermal drift begins to occur, at 120 °C thermal drift is a significant problem where error, depending on the design of the shunt, can be several percent and at 140 °C the manganin alloy becomes permanently damaged due to annealing resulting in the resistance value drifting up or down.

If the current being measured is also at a high voltage potential this voltage will be present in the connecting leads too and in the reading instrument itself. Sometimes, the shunt is inserted in the return leg (grounded side) to avoid this problem. Some alternatives to shunts can provide isolation from the high voltage by not directly connecting the meter to the high voltage circuit. Examples of devices that can provide this isolation are Hall effect current sensors and current transformers (see clamp meters). Current shunts are considered more accurate and cheaper than Hall effect devices. Common accuracy specifications of such devices are ±0.1%, ±0.25% or ±0.5%.

The Thomas-type double manganin walled shunt and MI type (improved Thomas-type design) were used by NIST and other standards laboratories as the legal reference of an ohm until superseded in 1990 by the quantum Hall effect.  Thomas-type shunts are still used as secondary standards to take very accurate current measurements, as using quantum Hall effect is a time-consuming process.  The accuracy of these types of shunts is measured in the ppm and sub-ppm scale of drift per year of set resistance.

Where the circuit is grounded (earthed) on one side, a current measuring shunt can be inserted either in the ungrounded conductor or in the grounded conductor. A shunt in the ungrounded conductor must be insulated for the full circuit voltage to ground; the measuring instrument must be inherently isolated from ground or must include a resistive voltage divider or an isolation amplifier between the relatively high common-mode voltage and lower voltages inside the instrument. A shunt in the grounded conductor may not detect leakage current that bypasses the shunt, but it will not experience high common-mode voltage to ground.  The load is removed from a direct path to ground, which may create problems for control circuitry, result in unwanted emissions, or both.

See also
 Shunt generator
 Shunt wound motor
 Shunt jumper
 Zero-ohm link
 Fuse (electrical)

References

External links

Electrical engineering

Shunt (electrical)


Edward Everett Nourse, D.D. (December 24, 1863 – April 30, 1929) was an American Congregational theologian.

Nourse was born at Bayfield, Wisconsin.  He studied at the College and the Academy at Lake Forest, Illinois, at Macalester College in Minnesota, Hartford Theological Seminary (1891), and in Europe at the University of Jena (1894-95. He was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1893. He served as a pastor at Berlin, Connecticut (1895–98) and afterward at Hartford Theological Seminary, advancing to professor of biblical theology after 1905. He died on April 30, 1929, in West Hartford, Connecticut.

Nourse wrote The Epistles of Paul (1911), republished as Selected Epistles of Paul (1915).

Notes

1863 births
1929 deaths
Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Bayfield, Wisconsin
American Presbyterian ministers
American theologians
Lake Forest Academy alumni
Writers from Wisconsin

Edward Everett Nourse


Ambrose Hall, located in Davenport, Iowa, United States, is the first building constructed on the campus of St. Ambrose University. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

History

St. Ambrose University was founded in 1882 by John McMullen, the first bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Davenport. The school initially held classes in two classrooms in the school building at St. Margaret's Cathedral. The desire, however, was for the school to have a campus and a building of its own.

The school was formally incorporated as a "seminary" in 1885, however, its mission was never exclusively considered as a place that trained future priests. Instead, it was considered a "Catholic school for advanced studies". Courses were taught in the humanities, sciences and in business as well as theology. The school, in a sense, pioneered the concept of educating future priests and allowing them to reside with young men who they might serve one day as their parish priests. It was typical at that time to cloister seminarians at an early age away and educating them separately from other people. The institution's name was changed to St. Ambrose College in 1908 and St. Ambrose University in 1987.

Bishop Henry Cosgrove, McMullen's successor, initially chose the corner of Eighth and Ripley Streets as the new location for the school, as it would be convenient for the day students. However, others suggested Noel's Grove along Locust Street as a possible location. Cosgrove was familiar with the location as he had held parish picnics at the location when he was the pastor at St. Margaret's. He was concerned that the location was too isolated and inaccessible, and Locust Street was not a decent roadway. In the end, convinced that the location was accessible by way of the Brady Streetcar line, Cosgrove bought Noel's Grove. The cost for purchasing the property and building the central section of the building amounted to $20,000. Aloysius Schulte, the college president, and James Davis, the cathedral rector, toured the diocese to solicit funds for the project.

Victor Huot was chosen as the architect for a new building. Previously he had designed St. Joseph's and St. Mary's churches and Mercy Hospital; all in Davenport. He also designed the building for the Immaculate Conception Academy in Davenport. Both Ambrose Hall and the academy building were designed in the Second Empire style, and they were designed so they could be built in stages over a period of time. Huot designed the first two additions to the building at the same time he designed the original tower section.

The cornerstone for the building was laid on July 5, 1885. The central section of Ambrose Hall, with the entrance tower and spire, was the first section built. It had space for 75 boarding students as well as office space and classrooms. The Congregation of the Humility of Mary was placed in charge of the dining room, cooking, and housekeeping. The structure was expanded in 1887, 1893, 1901, 1908, and 1912. The building is constructed of yellow stone and red brick with marble and stone trim. A mansard roof, typical of the Second Empire style, rings the structure on all its additions. The building housed the entire school until 1927 when Davis Hall was built.

An exterior renovation of the building in the 1960s altered the mansard roofline of the central section of the building. The rest of the exterior has remained largely unchanged. The interior of the building has been renovated numerous times depending on the college's needs.

A chapel occupied the third and fourth floors of the westernmost section of the building and served the school until construction of Christ the King Chapel in 1952. The space now serves as the boardroom. Ambrose Hall also housed the Seminary Department until Hayes Hall opened in 1967. A grotto with a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary lies just north of Ambrose Hall. The altar and ambo at the grotto were constructed from the altars that were formerly located in the crypt chapels below Christ the King.

The LeClaire Gym, now known as LeClaire Hall, is attached to the rear of Ambrose Hall and included a swimming pool. It was built during the presidency of William Hannon (1915–1926) and was replaced by Lee Lohman Arena in the 1980s.

Ambrose Hall has served various functions over the years. It has housed classrooms, dormitory, chapel, faculty residence, offices, student union, laundry, and dining facilities. The building now houses offices for admissions, financial aid, student accounts, records and registration, the John R. Lewis Board Room, classrooms, faculty offices, and the student union.

In 2013, the university undertook a $5 million renovation project to bring the building back to its late 19th and early 20th-century appearance. Among other upgrades, the tower and spire were restored along with the bell housed within. A clock depicted in the original plans, but never installed, was added.

Architecture

Ambrose Hall was built in five phases from 1885 to 1912. Each section is similar to the others and yet each section possesses its own character. The features that are common to all the sections include round-arch windows and doorways with stone hood molds and keystones. A stone stringcourse runs between the first and second floors on all but the first section of the building. Finally, decorative brick corbelling runs the length of the whole building below the cornice.

The original section of the building was built from 1885 to 1887. It is a symmetrical structure of seven bays wide with a central pavilion capped by a mansard tower. The lower level is composed of smooth rusticated ashlar and brick on the upper floors with stone quoining on the corners. Its mansard roof was altered in the 1960s when it original diamond-shaped shingles, gabled dormers and decorative cornice were replaced with modern windows, asphalt shingles, and a severely plain cornice.  All those features were restored in 2013.

The second section was added to the east of the original section in 1893.  It too is symmetrical and has a projecting central pavilion, but it is five bays wide. It is connected to the original section by a three-bay, recessed section. Instead of ashlar on the ground floor, it is all brick from the ground up. Alterations and restoration to its mansard roof were like those of the original section.

The third section was added in 1901 to the west of the original building.  Unlike the other sections it has an asymmetrical facade that consists of two symmetrical sections joined together. One section is three bays wide and the other is 5½ bays wide and features a central pavilion. Its mansard roof was altered later. The tracery windows on the third floor mark the room that served as the chapel. The central pavilion has a chapel window that is composed of two trefoil windows that are surmounted by an octofoil window. It is enclosed in a segmental dormer. The two hexafoil windows that flank it are set into the brick below segmental dormers. On the west side of this section is a three-level brick porch.

The fourth section of the building was added to the east in 1908. It reflected a simplified version of the Colonial Revival and therefore did not conform to the design of the other three sections. The fifth section of the building remedied this problem when it was added in 1912 to the front facade of the fourth addition. Its sole purpose was to bring the fourth section into conformity with the rest of the building. Like the second section, it is symmetrical, five bays wide and has a projecting central pavilion. This addition is larger than the other sections as it sits farther in the north in the rear of the building.

References

External links

St. Ambrose University web site

University and college buildings completed in 1885
St. Ambrose University
Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport
Second Empire architecture in Iowa
Buildings and structures in Davenport, Iowa
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
University and college administration buildings in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Davenport, Iowa
1885 establishments in Iowa

Ambrose Hall


A. Anne McLellan   (born August 31, 1950) is a Canadian politician and academic who served as the ninth deputy prime minister of Canada from 2003 to 2006. She was a cabinet minister in the Liberal governments of Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin, and represented Edmonton in the House of Commons of Canada. She also held the positions of solicitor general, minister of health, and minister of justice of Canada.

Early life
McLellan earned bachelor's degrees in Arts and Law from Halifax's Dalhousie University.  She then earned a Master of Laws from King's College London in the United Kingdom in 1975.

She became a professor of law, first at the University of New Brunswick and then, beginning in 1980, at the University of Alberta Faculty of Law where she served at various times as associate dean and dean. She has also served on the board of directors of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association.

Political career
Her first foray into politics was as the Liberal candidate for the riding of Edmonton Northwest in the 1993 general election, when she won her seat by 12 votes.  She quickly became a rising star in the Liberal Party, being one of four Liberals elected in Alberta, and was named to cabinet as Minister of Natural Resources. McLellan has the prenominal "the Honourable" and the postnominal "PC" for life by virtue of being made a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on November 4, 1993.

She was re-elected by narrow margins in the new riding of Edmonton West in the 1997 and 2000 elections, despite the Liberals' general unpopularity in Alberta.  Her frequent narrow escapes gave her the nickname "Landslide Annie" in Canadian political circles.

McLellan served as Minister of Justice from 1997 to 2002, with responsibility for implementing new anti-terror and security laws following the September 11, 2001, attacks in the United States, and the implementation of the Canadian gun registry.  She served as Minister of Health from 2002 to 2003.

Though she supported Paul Martin for the Liberal leadership, she was kept in Jean Chrétien's cabinet, in part because Chrétien wanted an Albertan in his cabinet for the sake of regional representation.

Deputy prime minister
On being sworn-in as Prime Minister on December 12, 2003, Paul Martin named her his deputy prime minister.  McLellan was also named minister for the newly created Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. As Deputy Prime Minister, she was also chair of the Cabinet Operations Committee. McLellan's appointment was one of a number of women given senior positions in the Paul Martin government.

During the 2004 federal election, she was re-elected by 721 votes, or just over 1% of the vote, defeating Laurie Hawn of the Conservative Party of Canada in the riding of Edmonton Centre.

In the 2006 federal election, McLellan was defeated by Hawn 45.01% to 38.36%.

McLellan is one of the few Canadian parliamentarians to have spent her entire career as a cabinet member. This is due to the fact that McLellan was elected to parliament as a Liberal from Alberta, a historically weak province for the party. Serving as the only Liberal MP from the province, her inclusion as a cabinet member, and later elevation as Deputy Prime Minister, was tantamount to ensuring regional representation.

After politics
On May 12, 2006, McLellan was appointed Distinguished Scholar in Residence to the University of Alberta at the Canadian university's Institute for United States Policy Studies. On June 27, 2006, she also became counsel to the Edmonton-based law firm Bennett Jones LLP. She also became a director on the boards of Nexen Inc., Agrium Inc. and Cameco Corporation.
McClellan is currently Chair of the Board of Directors of Pearson College UWC in Victoria, B.C. Pearson is one of 18 global United World Colleges in the world.

On July 1, 2009, McLellan was appointed an officer of the Order of Canada for her service as a politician and law professor, and for her contributions as a community volunteer. On May 9, 2013, she was appointed to the Alberta Order of Excellence for her achievements in politics, law and advanced education.

In 2015, she was appointed Chancellor of Dalhousie University.

In 2016, McLellan was controversially appointed as the chair of the Task Force on Marijuana Legalization and Regulation, created to provide recommendations on the design of a new system to legalize, strictly regulate and restrict recreational use of marijuana, despite her position within Bennett Jones. The process included an opportunity for the public to provide their own input.  On December 13, 2016, the panel's report was released to the news media; its recommendations were not binding on the legislators.

On November 28, 2017, Pearson College UWC named her the chair of its board of directors.

On March 18, 2019, in the context of the SNC-Lavalin affair Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, announced that McLellan would serve as a special advisor on whether a single minister should continue to hold the positions of Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada.  She was also asked to analyze the operating policies and practices across the Cabinet, and the role of public servants and political staff in their interactions with the minister of justice and attorney general of Canada.  She was asked to provide independent recommendations (sic) to the Prime Minister by June 30, 2019.

On October 29, 2019, following the 2019 Canadian federal election, in which the Liberal Party did not win any seats in Alberta and Saskatchewan, the Prime Minister's Office announced that Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had hired McLellan as an adviser. The Office said McLellan would assist the prime minister as he formed a government against the backdrop of a growing sentiment of western alienation.

On July 23, 2020 it was announced by Nova Scotia justice minister Mark Furey and federal minister of public safety and emergency preparedness Bill Blair that McLellan would serve on a 3-person Independent Review Panel concerning the RCMP response to the mass shooting that occurred in Nova Scotia on April 18/19, 2020. Families of the 22 victims killed during the shooting reacted to the announcement with disappointment, as they had been calling for a full public inquiry.

Notes

References

External links
 Canadian Encyclopedia entry for Anne McLellan
 Official Site

1950 births
Living people
Lawyers in Alberta
Alumni of King's College London
Canadian legal scholars
Canadian Ministers of Health
Women government ministers of Canada
Canadian women lawyers
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Canadian people of Ulster-Scottish descent
Schulich School of Law alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the 26th Canadian Ministry
Members of the 27th Canadian Ministry
Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Mining ministers of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Hants County, Nova Scotia
Politicians from Edmonton
Solicitors General of Canada
Academic staff of the University of Alberta
Academic staff of the University of New Brunswick
Women in Alberta politics
21st-century Canadian women politicians
20th-century Canadian women politicians
Women legal scholars
Female justice ministers

Anne McLellan