Patricia Davies Clarkson (born December 29, 1959) is an American actress. She has starred in numerous leading and supporting roles in a variety of films ranging from independent film features to major film studio productions. Her accolades include a Golden Globe Award and three Primetime Emmy Awards, in addition to nominations for an Academy Award and a Tony Award.

Born and raised in New Orleans to a politician mother and school administrator father, Clarkson earned a degree in drama from Fordham University before attending the Yale School of Drama, where she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts degree. She made her feature film debut in Brian De Palma's mob drama The Untouchables (1987), followed by a supporting role in Clint Eastwood's The Dead Pool (1988). After appearing in minor roles in the early and mid-1990s, she garnered critical attention for her portrayal of a drug-addicted actress in the independent drama High Art (1998). She appeared in numerous supporting roles in such films as The Green Mile (1999), The Pledge (2001), Far from Heaven (2002), and Dogville (2003).

She garnered further critical acclaim in 2003 for her performances in the drama films The Station Agent, which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, and Pieces of April, for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Clarkson also appeared as a recurring guest star on the HBO series Six Feet Under from 2002 to 2005, and won two Primetime Emmy Awards for her performance. Other credits from the 2000s include Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), and Elegy (2008). She also appeared in Woody Allen's Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008), and Whatever Works (2009).

In 2010, Clarkson had a supporting role in Martin Scorsese's thriller Shutter Island, followed by roles in the mainstream comedies Easy A and Friends with Benefits. She subsequently portrayed the villainous Ava Paige in The Maze Runner (2014) and its two sequels. She returned to theater in 2014, playing the role of Madge Kendal in a Broadway production of The Elephant Man, for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress. In 2017, she won a British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Sally Potter's drama The Party, and guest-starred on the Netflix series House of Cards. She co-starred with Amy Adams on the HBO miniseries Sharp Objects in 2018, for which she won a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film.

Early life
Clarkson was born on December 29, 1959, in New Orleans, Louisiana, the daughter of Jackie Clarkson (née Brechtel), a New Orleans politician and councilwoman, and Arthur "Buzz" Clarkson, a school administrator who worked at the Louisiana State University School of Medicine. She is one of five sisters, all of whom attended O. Perry Walker High School, where she graduated in 1977. She was raised in the Algiers section of New Orleans, on the West Bank of the Mississippi River.

From 1977 to 1979, Clarkson studied speech pathology at Louisiana State University before deciding she wanted to pursue a drama degree. In 1980, she transferred to Fordham University in New York City to enroll in their undergraduate acting program, from which she graduated summa cum laude in 1982. She then earned her Master of Fine Arts at the Yale School of Drama in 1985.

Career

Early work
After graduating from the Yale School of Drama, Clarkson was cast in a 1986 Broadway production of The House of Blue Leaves as a replacement in the role of Corrinna Stroller. The following year, she made her feature film debut in Brian De Palma's The Untouchables (1987), portraying Catherine Ness, the wife of US Treasury Prohibition agent Eliot Ness (Kevin Costner). Clarkson stated she was struggling financially at the time, paying student loans, and De Palma expanded her role in the film; she originally had only several days of shooting. The next year, she was cast in Clint Eastwood's The Dead Pool (1988), the fifth installment in the Dirty Harry film series.

Clarkson returned to Broadway in 1989 in Eastern Standard, portraying a Wall Street investment counselor whose brother (played by Kevin Conroy) is diagnosed with AIDS; the play ran from January to March of that year.

Clarkson has stated that in the early 1990s, she went through a turbulent period in her career and was unable to find significant work. She had a small role in Jumanji (1995) before being cast in the independent drama High Art (1998), portraying a drug-addicted German actress in New York City. Her performance earned her an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress.

In 1998, Clarkson had a small role in the critically acclaimed independent romantic comedy Playing By Heart, playing a woman at a bar who listens to a false story told by a man (Dennis Quaid) as part of his improv class. In 1999, Clarkson appeared in a supporting role as an ailing wife of a prison warden in The Green Mile, which was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Ensemble Cast. The same year, she had a supporting part in the romantic comedy Simply Irresistible (1999), followed by a supporting part in Stanley Tucci's biopic Joe Gould's Secret (2000). Next, she portrayed a single mother in the drama The Safety of Objects (2001), and had a supporting role opposite Jack Nicholson in the Sean Penn-directed thriller The Pledge (2001), playing the mother of a murder victim. She also had a leading role in the independent horror film Wendigo (2001), directed by Larry Fessenden, and in the comedy Welcome to Collinwood (2002). Roger Ebert praised the performances in the former, noting: "The actors [in Wendigo] have an unforced, natural quality that looks easy but is hard to do." In 2001 she had a recurring role on Frasier as Claire French, who dated Frasier Crane played by Kelsey Grammer.

Critical breakthrough
In 2002, Clarkson was cast in a supporting role in Todd Haynes's period drama Far from Heaven, opposite Julianne Moore and Dennis Quaid, playing the neighbor of a repressed housewife in the 1950s. The same year, she starred as Margaret White in the television film adaptation of Stephen King's Carrie. Between 2002 and 2005, Clarkson had a guest-starring role on the HBO drama series Six Feet Under, playing Sarah O'Connor, the artist sister of Ruth Fisher. For her portrayal, she won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series, in 2002 and 2005, respectively.

Clarkson appeared in multiple independent films in 2003, including The Baroness and the Pig; Lars von Trier's experimental drama Dogville;, the critically acclaimed indie film The Station Agent, playing an artist who befriends a diminutive man (Peter Dinklage) who suddenly appears as a town resident living in a local train depot; Pieces of April, in which she portrayed a mother dying of cancer who travels to visit her estranged daughter (Katie Holmes) for Thanksgiving; and the David Gordon Green-directed drama All the Real Girls, as the mother of a young womanizer in a small southern town. Four of the filmsThe Baroness and the Pig, Pieces of April, The Station Agent, and All the Real Girlspremiered at the 2003 Sundance Film Festival. Clarkson received numerous accolades for her performances: For The Station Agent, she won the Special Jury Prize at Sundance, and was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, among others. Her performance in Pieces of April earned her a Sundance Special Jury Prize, as well as nominations for the Screen Actors Guild award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role, a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress, and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

Following these critical successes, Clarkson had a lead role opposite Kurt Russell in the sports docudrama Miracle (2004), about the U.S. hockey team defeating the heavily favored Soviets in the 1980 Olympics, and played the wife of a news correspondent (Robert Downey Jr.) in George Clooney's historical drama Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), about the conflict between journalist Edward R. Murrow and Joseph McCarthy. She then starred as the wife of a Hollywood studio executive in the independent drama The Dying Gaul (2005). 2006 saw the release of The Woods, a supernatural horror film shot in 2003 in which she portrayed the headmistress of a girls' boarding school. The same year, she portrayed Sadie Burke in All the King's Men, set in her native New Orleans.

In 2007, she had a supporting role in the romantic comedy No Reservations, as well as in the comedy-drama Lars and the Real Girl, in which she portrayed a psychiatrist treating a man in love with a sex doll. She subsequently co-starred with Ben Kingsley in the drama Elegy (2008), and had supporting roles in two Woody Allen films: 2008's Vicky Cristina Barcelona, portraying an unhappy housewife, and 2009's Whatever Works. In 2008, producer Gerald Peary approached Clarkson to do the voice-over for the documentary film For the Love of Movies: The Story of American Film Criticism. Says Peary, "She agreed to do the narration...  And she was so nice, and so cooperative, and so prepared, and so intelligent. And one of the key reasons she wanted to do the movie was that she regularly reads criticism, and has a genuine respect for film criticism. Clarkson returned to New Orleans on January 17, 2009 for the reopening of the Mahalia Jackson Theatre for the Performing Arts. She served as master of ceremonies for a gala featuring Plácido Domingo in concert with the New Orleans Opera, conducted by Robert Lyall. She also made a cameo appearance in the Saturday Night Live Digital Short "Motherlover" on May 9, 2009. The video featured Andy Samberg, Justin Timberlake, and Susan Sarandon. She reprised the role on May 21, 2011, in the digital short "3-Way (The Golden Rule)".

Mainstream success
In 2010, Clarkson appeared opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the Martin Scorsese-directed thriller Shutter Island, playing a woman escaped from a psychiatric institution. Recounting being cast in the part, Clarkson said: "I got the call that every actor lives for. 'Patty, Martin Scorsese is thinking of casting you in his new movie.' And I do what I call the little 'Martin Scorsese dance' around my apartment. I think I was in my underwear or pajamas. It's a call you live for. Then I hear back, 'But it's just one scene.' So then I'm dancing a little lower. Then I hear, 'It's you and Leonardo DiCaprio in a cave,' and then I'm dancing again." The film was a box office hit, and Scorsese's highest-grossing film at the time.

Clarkson subsequently had roles in two independent films: Legendary and Main Street (both 2010), before appearing in two mainstream comedies directed by Will Gluck: Easy A (2010), as the mother of a troubled high school student (Emma Stone), and as the mother of an executive recruiter (Mila Kunis) in Friends with Benefits (2011). She also appeared in the romantic drama One Day (2011) as the mother of a college student in Scotland (portrayed by Jim Sturgess), and guest-starred on two episodes of the comedy series Parks and Recreation. In 2013, she had a supporting role in the thriller The East (2013) as the leader of a private intelligence firm.

In 2014, Clarkson returned to Broadway portraying Madge Kendal opposite Bradley Cooper in a production of The Elephant Man, which earned her a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play. The same year, she starred opposite Ben Kingsley in the comedy-drama film Learning to Drive, portraying Wendy, a depressed middle-aged New York book critic learning to drive from a Sikh man. John Patterson of The Guardian praised her performance, writing: "Clarkson gives us every ounce of Wendy's desperation and self-loathing, and every shade of them as well. She has always been a miraculous performer." The same year, she appeared as villain Ava Paige in the major box-office hit The Maze Runner, a dystopian film based on the 2009 young adult novel. She subsequently reprised the role in both sequels: Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials (2015), and Maze Runner: The Death Cure (2018).

Clarkson starred in the ensemble drama The Party in 2017, directed by Sally Potter, for which she won a British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she co-starred with Emily Mortimer and Bill Nighy in The Bookshop, a period drama set in 1959 Suffolk involving two women vying to acquire a building for their own respective businesses. She also guest-starred on the fifth and sixth seasons (2017–2018) of the Netflix political drama series House of Cards, portraying Jane Davis, a United States Department of Commerce official.

She subsequently starred in the science fiction film Jonathan, involving two brothers who alternately share a single body, and the psychological horror film Delirium, which was released directly-to-DVD. Clarkson also starred opposite Amy Adams in the psychological drama miniseries Sharp Objects (2018), portraying the wealthy mother of an alcoholic reporter (Adams) investigating a murder in their Missouri town. For her performance in the series, Clarkson won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film.

Personal life
In response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Clarkson published a post for Natural Resources Defense Council's magazine OnEarth. She also released a public service announcement talking about her experiences growing up in New Orleans. Both pieces were released on July 26, 2010.

Clarkson resides in New York City. In 2007, she purchased a loft in Greenwich Village for $1.5 million. She listed it for $2.5 million in November 2018. She has never married and has no children, stating in a 2013 interview, "I've never wanted to marry, I've never wanted children—I was born without that gene." Three of Clarkson's four sisters have children and she is very close to her nieces and nephews. One of her nephews, Mac Alsfeld, is an actor, writer and director.

Acting credits

She made her film debut in The Untouchables (1987), followed by a supporting role in The Dead Pool (1988). She appeared in numerous supporting roles in such films as The Green Mile (1999), The Pledge (2001), Far from Heaven (2002), Dogville (2003), The Station Agent (2003), Pieces of April (2003), Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), Lars and the Real Girl (2007), and Elegy (2008). She also appeared in Woody Allen films Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008) and Whatever Works (2009). In 2010, Clarkson had a supporting role in the thriller Shutter Island, followed by roles in the comedies Easy A and Friends with Benefits. She portrayed Ava Paige in The Maze Runner (2014) and its two sequels. In 2017, she co-starred in Sally Potter's drama The Party and guest-starred on the Netflix series House of Cards. She co-starred with Amy Adams on the HBO miniseries Sharp Objects in 2018.

Accolades

Clarkson was honored by the Jameson Dublin International Film Festival when she received one of the 2010 Volta awards for achievements in her career.

References

Sources

External links

 "Patricia Clarkson, Directors' Stealth Weapon" Michelle Orange, The New York Times, July 30, 2010
 Patricia Clarkson "Good Night, And Good Luck" Interview Future Movies, September 2, 2006

1959 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American environmentalists
American women environmentalists
Actresses from New Orleans
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Sundance Film Festival award winners
Fordham University alumni
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni

Patricia Clarkson


In physics, an elastic collision is an encounter (collision) between two bodies  in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same. In an ideal, perfectly elastic collision, there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms such as heat, noise, or potential energy.

During the collision of small objects, kinetic energy is first converted to potential energy associated with a repulsive or attractive force between the particles (when the particles move against this force, i.e. the angle between the force and the relative velocity is obtuse), then this potential energy is converted back to kinetic energy (when the particles move with this force, i.e. the angle between the force and the relative velocity is acute).

Collisions of atoms are elastic, for example Rutherford backscattering.

A useful special case of elastic collision is when the two bodies have equal mass, in which case they will simply exchange their momenta.

The molecules—as distinct from atoms—of a gas or liquid rarely experience perfectly elastic collisions because kinetic energy is exchanged between the molecules' translational motion and their internal degrees of freedom with each collision. At any instant, half the collisions are, to a varying extent, inelastic collisions (the pair possesses less kinetic energy in their translational motions after the collision than before), and half could be described as "super-elastic" (possessing more kinetic energy after the collision than before). Averaged across the entire sample, molecular collisions can be regarded as essentially elastic as long as Planck's law forbids energy from being carried away by black-body photons.

In the case of macroscopic bodies, perfectly elastic collisions are an ideal never fully realized, but approximated by the interactions of objects such as billiard balls.

When considering energies, possible rotational energy before and/or after a collision may also play a role.

Equations

One-dimensional Newtonian

In any collision, momentum is conserved; but in an elastic collision, kinetic energy is also conserved. Consider particles 1 and 2 with masses m1, m2, and velocities u1, u2 before collision, v1, v2 after collision. The conservation of momentum before and after the collision is expressed by:

Likewise, the conservation of the total kinetic energy is expressed by:

These equations may be solved directly to find  when  are known:

If both masses are the same, we have a trivial solution:

This simply corresponds to the bodies exchanging their initial velocities with each other.

As can be expected, the solution is invariant under adding a constant to all velocities (Galilean relativity), which is like using a frame of reference with constant translational velocity. Indeed, to derive the equations, one may first change the frame of reference so that one of the known velocities is zero, determine the unknown velocities in the new frame of reference, and convert back to the original frame of reference.

Examples

Before collision
Ball 1: mass = 3 kg,       velocity = 4 m/s
Ball 2: mass = 5 kg,       velocity = −6 m/s
After collision
Ball 1: velocity = −8.5 m/s
Ball 2: velocity = 1.5 m/s

Another situation:

The following illustrate the case of equal mass, .

In the limiting case where  is much larger than , such as a ping-pong paddle hitting a ping-pong ball or an SUV hitting a trash can, the heavier mass hardly changes velocity, while the lighter mass bounces off, reversing its velocity plus approximately twice that of the heavy one.

In the case of a large , the value of  is small if the masses are approximately the same: hitting a much lighter particle does not change the velocity much, hitting a much heavier particle causes the fast particle to bounce back with high speed. This is why a neutron moderator (a medium which slows down fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a chain reaction) is a material full of atoms with light nuclei which do not easily absorb neutrons: the lightest nuclei have about the same mass as a neutron.

Derivation of solution
To derive the above equations for  rearrange the kinetic energy and momentum equations:

Dividing each side of the top equation by each side of the bottom equation, and using  gives:

That is, the relative velocity of one particle with respect to the other is reversed by the collision.

Now the above formulas follow from solving a system of linear equations for  regarding  as constants:

Once  is determined,  can be found by symmetry.

Center of mass frame
With respect to the center of mass, both velocities are reversed by the collision: a heavy particle moves slowly toward the center of mass, and bounces back with the same low speed, and a light particle moves fast toward the center of mass, and bounces back with the same high speed.

The velocity of the center of mass does not change by the collision. To see this, consider the center of mass at time  before collision and time  after collision:

Hence, the velocities of the center of mass before and after collision are:

The numerators of  and   are the total momenta before and after collision. Since momentum is conserved, we have

One-dimensional relativistic
According to special relativity,

where p denotes momentum of any particle with mass, v denotes velocity, and c is the speed of light.

In the center of momentum frame where the total momentum equals zero,

Here  represent the rest masses of the two colliding bodies,  represent their velocities before collision,  their velocities after collision,  their momenta,  is the speed of light in vacuum, and  denotes the total energy, the sum of rest masses and kinetic energies of the two bodies.

Since the total energy and momentum of the system are conserved and their rest masses do not change, it is shown that the momentum of the colliding body is decided by the rest masses of the colliding bodies, total energy and the total momentum.  Relative to the center of momentum frame, the momentum of each colliding body does not change magnitude after collision, but reverses its direction of movement.

Comparing with classical mechanics, which gives accurate results dealing with macroscopic objects moving much slower than the speed of light, total momentum of the two colliding bodies is frame-dependent. In the center of momentum frame, according to classical mechanics,

This agrees with the relativistic calculation  despite other differences.

One of the postulates in Special Relativity states that the laws of physics, such as conservation of momentum, should be invariant in all inertial frames of reference. In a general inertial frame where the total momentum could be arbitrary,

We can look at the two moving bodies as one system of which the total momentum is  the total energy is  and its velocity  is the velocity of its center of mass. Relative to the center of momentum frame the total momentum equals zero. It can be shown that  is given by:

Now the velocities before the collision in the center of momentum frame  and  are:

When  and

Therefore, the classical calculation holds true when the speed of both colliding bodies is much lower than the speed of light (~300,000 kilometres per second).

Relativistic derivation using hyperbolic functions

Using the so-called parameter of velocity  (usually called the rapidity),

we get

Relativistic energy and momentum are expressed as follows:

Equations sum of energy and momentum colliding masses  and  (velocities  correspond to the velocity parameters ), after dividing by adequate power  are as follows:

and dependent equation, the sum of above equations:

subtract squares both sides equations "momentum" from "energy" and use the identity  after simplifying we get:

for non-zero mass, using the hyperbolic trigonometric identity  we get:

as functions  is even we get two solutions:

from the last equation, leading to a non-trivial solution, we solve  and substitute into the dependent equation, we obtain  and then  we have:

It is a solution to the problem, but expressed by the parameters of velocity. Return substitution to get the solution for velocities is:

Substitute the previous solutions and replace:
 and  after long transformation, with substituting:

we get:

Two-dimensional

For the case of two non-spinning colliding bodies in two dimensions, the motion of the bodies is determined by the three conservation laws of momentum, kinetic energy and angular momentum. The overall velocity of each body must be split into two perpendicular velocities: one tangent to the common normal surfaces of the colliding bodies at the point of contact, the other along the line of collision. Since the collision only imparts force along the line of collision, the velocities that are tangent to the point of collision do not change.  The velocities along the line of collision can then be used in the same equations as a one-dimensional collision. The final velocities can then be calculated from the two new component velocities and will depend on the point of collision.  Studies of two-dimensional collisions are conducted for many bodies in the framework of a two-dimensional gas.

In a center of momentum frame at any time the velocities of the two bodies are in opposite directions, with magnitudes inversely proportional to the masses. In an elastic collision these magnitudes do not change. The directions may change depending on the shapes of the bodies and the point of impact. For example, in the case of spheres the angle depends on the distance between the (parallel) paths of the centers of the two bodies. Any non-zero change of direction is possible: if this distance is zero the velocities are reversed in the collision; if it is close to the sum of the radii of the spheres the two bodies are only slightly deflected.

Assuming that the second particle is at rest before the collision, the angles of deflection of the two particles,  and , are related to the angle of deflection  in the system of the center of mass by

The magnitudes of the velocities of the particles after the collision are:

Two-dimensional collision with two moving objects
The final x and y velocities components of the first ball can be calculated as:

where  and  are the scalar sizes of the two original speeds of the objects,  and  are their masses,  and  are their movement angles, that is,  (meaning moving directly down to the right is either a −45° angle, or a 315° angle), and lowercase phi () is the contact angle. (To get the  and  velocities of the second ball, one needs to swap all the '1' subscripts with '2' subscripts.)

This equation is derived from the fact that the interaction between the two bodies is easily calculated along the contact angle, meaning the velocities of the objects can be calculated in one dimension by rotating the x and y axis to be parallel with the contact angle of the objects, and then rotated back to the original orientation to get the true x and y components of the velocities.

In an angle-free representation, the changed velocities are computed using the centers  and  at the time of contact as

where the angle brackets indicate the inner product (or dot product) of two vectors.

Other conserved quantities
In the particular case of particles having equal masses, it can be verified by direct computation from the result above that the scalar product of the velocities before and after the collision are the same, that is  Although this product is not an additive invariant in the same way that momentum and kinetic energy are for elastic collisions, it seems that preservation of this quantity can nonetheless be used to derive higher-order conservation laws.

See also
 Collision
 Inelastic collision
 Coefficient of restitution

References

General references

External links
Rigid Body Collision Resolution in three dimensions including a derivation using the conservation laws

Classical mechanics
Collision
Articles containing video clips

ru:Удар#Абсолютно упругий удар

Elastic collision


Progressive metalcore (also called technical metalcore or ambient metalcore) is a fusion of progressive metal and metalcore characterized by highly technical lead guitar, "atmospheric" elements, and complex instrumentation. Some notable practitioners take influence from djent.

History

Progressive metalcore evolved from progressive metal and metalcore in the 90s. After the Burial is a pioneer of the genre, forming in 2004 and promoting "a sound that pushed the boundaries of heaviness through the use of extended-scale guitar work." According to the digital ticketing corporation AXS, "After The Burial play progressive metalcore and have been a key contributor to the sound of djent." Erra has been referred to as "the spearhead of the whole modern/progressive metalcore movement" and noted for their "balance between involved riffs, beautiful clean moments and tasty solos." They were formed in 2009 and express their unique version of "progressive technical metalcore" by utilizing "precise stop-and-start arrangements."

According to Metal Insider in 2010, "progressive metalcore bands are now appearing all over the place." I, the Breather "weren't exactly the first" to perform "technical metalcore," but are noted for their "well constructed" instrumentation; they have influenced the style alongside For Today and Born of Osiris, who have been referred to as "the bastions of modern technical metalcore" for their 2013 release Tomorrow We Die Alive. Carcer City is a progressive metalcore band that showcases "technical riffs amid more prominent atmospheric sections." They have been described as "ambient metalcore." According to Corey Deiterman of the Houston Press, Northlane is a primary contributor of the style, and is "making waves with their particular brand of progressive metalcore, which features ... interesting use of space and ambiance." Invent Animate is a progressive metalcore band that formed in Texas in 2011. They have been compared with Northlane and Erra. They focus on "syncopating their music to help build ... ambient soundscapes." The band  formed in 2015; rooted in "ambient metalcore," their debut album was "defined by its progressive riffing and percussive assault." Volumes is a djent-influenced progressive metalcore band that has received critical acclaim for their "career-defining" song "Edge Of The Earth," and their 2017 release, Different Animals.

Characteristics

Progressive metalcore can be distinguished by a marked emphasis on technical guitar-driven songs, sometimes featuring guitar solos. Often "intricate guitar playing dominate(s) the rest of the instruments." Like progressive metal in general, unconventional song structures and varying tempos may be used. Singing may be included, but death growls are more prevalent. The genre is also reliant on the incorporation of "atmospheric sections," ambient instrumentation and repetitive melodies. Progressive metalcore songs often feature intense breakdowns with heavily distorted palm-muted riffs. Some bands utilize keyboard or piano sections as a backdrop.

Related musical styles
 Mathcore is a fusion of heavy metal and hardcore punk that is characterized by dissonant, fast-paced, loosely structured songs, and progressive elements.
 Technical death metal is a progressive heavy metal subgenre that focuses on complex rhythms, riffs, and song structures.

See also
 List of progressive metalcore bands

References

Metalcore genres
Fusion music genres
Heavy metal genres
Hardcore punk genres
Progressive metal
Djent
American rock music genres

Progressive metalcore


The USS Iosco was a 1173-ton  class "double-ender" steam gunboat built at Bath, Maine. The ship fought during the Civil War, and was an important combatant during the battles at Fort Fisher. The ship was named Iosco after a Native American word meaning "water of light", the namesake for Iosco County, Michigan.

Service history
Commissioned in April 1864, she protected shipping in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence during that summer. She assisted several ships caught in heavy storms. On 15 September, Iosco towed the , which had been stuck on a reef, and was then sent to join the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Iosco also assisted Colonel Ellsworth, and the British barque Empress 2.

Attacks on Fort Fisher
While operating off Wilmington, North Carolina, on 21 November, Iosco captured the blockade runner CSS Sybil. During December 1864 and January 1865, she participated in the assaults on Fort Fisher, which ultimately closed Wilmington as a Confederate port.

During the first assault, Iosco engaged the batteries at Mound Fort, and hit the Confederate flag flying over the fortification, knocking it down. A Confederate shot hit the Iosco's foremast, causing minor damage. The following day, Iosco led nine other ships in another attack on the fortress. The ships got as close to shore as they could.

On 13 January, Iosco assisted in the landing of troops at Fort Fisher, during the second attack.. Forty four of Iosco's own men also participated in the ground fighting, while the ship herself provided fire support during the assault. The Confederate garrison surrendered two days later on 15 January.

End of the war
In 1865, she was active on the North Carolina Sounds, taking part in an expedition up the Roanoke River in mid-May. USS Iosco was decommissioned in July 1865 and in February 1868 was converted into a coal hulk for service at the New York Navy Yard.

References

External links
 USS Iosco (1864-1868)

Sassacus-class gunboats
Ships of the Union Navy
American Civil War patrol vessels of the United States
Coal hulks
1863 ships

USS Iosco


Alphons William Bernhard Johannes (Fons) Bemelmans (born 8 January 1938, in Maastricht) is a Dutch artist, best known as sculptor. He also works as goldsmith, painter, graphic artist and medal artist.

Bemelmans began his training as goldsmith in 1955 at the Stadsacademie voor Toegepaste Kunsten in Maastricht, where in 1958 he St. Luke Price won. From 1960 to 1962 he went to study with Professor Ludwig Gies in Cologne at the Kölner Werkschulen and afterwards with the Italian sculptor Luciano Minguzzi at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan until 1963.
His work can be described as abstracted figurative with the classic theme of myths and legends caught in dreamy yet powerful shapes. Fons Bemelmans lives and works in Eijsden. He signs his work sometimes with AB.

In the 1980s he was also working as Professor at the School of Fine Arts, Amsterdam. His work has been bought by the British Museum. In 1999 Fons Bemelmans was appointed Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.

Further reading
 Fons Bemelmans - Openingen naar het oerleven (±1985), Fons Bemelmans and Paul Haimon, Published by Kritzraedthuis (Sittard)
 Fons Bemelmans (1989), Fons Bemelmans, Paul Mellaart and Willem K. Koumans
 Fons Bemelmans (1995), Fons Bemelmans and Ed Wingen

References

External links

 Fonsbemelmans

1938 births
Living people
Dutch artists
Academic staff of Gerrit Rietveld Academie
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Artists from Maastricht

Fons Bemelmans


Thomas Stevens (1828–1888) was a 19th-century weaver from Coventry, famous for his invention of the stevengraph, a woven silk picture.

Biography

In the 19th century the town of Coventry, England, was the centre of a ribbon weaving industry. Thomas Stevens was born in Foleshill, just to the north of Coventry, in 1828 to a relatively poor family. Stevens worked for Pears and Franklin, a local ribbon weavers in Coventry, and by 1854 had created his own ribbon firm. In 1860, however, the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty was signed; this free trade treaty introduced new competition into the industry, leading to a collapse in the local ribbon economy and a huge loss of employment in Coventry.

Stevens had considerable experience of experimenting with the Jacquard loom and responded to the local recession by trying to develop new products. He had invented a way of using the programmable loom to weave colourful pictures from silk. By 1862, Stevens could produce four different designs; he attempted to appeal to the mass market, selling his products between six pence and fifteen shillings each. Some of these pictures were used for bookmarks, greetings cards and specialised products for the Admiralty.

Business boomed and Stevens acquired two larger factories in turn; by 1875 he was calling his product the "Stevengraph", named after himself. He exhibited internationally in America, France and Holland, winning some 30 medals and diplomas. In 1878 Stevens moved to London and began to mount his Stevengraphs as framed pictures - by the late 1880s Stevens had over 900 different designs. In 1888 Stevens died following a throat operation and was buried in Coventry.

Legacy
By the 1930s, Stevengraphs were considered collectable items, but the hobby was considered eccentric and mainly confined to female collectors. During the Second World War Coventry was attacked by German bombers; on 14 November 1940 the Coventry Blitz occurred, apparently destroying the Stevens factory and the records of the Stevengraphs. In the late 1950s it emerged that Henry Stephens, a descendant of Thomas, had saved one of the pattern books the night before the attack and kept it in safe storage; Henry donated it to the Coventry City Council, who in turn entrusted it with the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum. Stevengraphs became valuable, with more male collectors entering the hobby. Prices rose, particularly for unusual or rarer images less popular during the Victorian period. A large collection of Stevens' work from his pattern book is still held at the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum.

References

Bibliography
Lynes, Alice. (n.d.) Thomas Stevens And His Silk Ribbon Pictures. Local History Pamphlet No.2. Coventry: Coventry City Libraries.
Wollen, Peter. (2004) Paris/Manhattan: Writings on Art. London: Verso. .

People from Coventry
1828 births
1888 deaths
British weavers

Thomas Stevens (weaver)


Matthew Boris "Matt" Kvesic (born 14 April 1992) is an English professional rugby union player for Coventry. Born in Germany to English parents, he represented England at international level and played for several youth representative  sides before making his debut for the senior team in 2013. Predominantly an openside flanker, he has also played on the blindside and at number eight.

Early life and youth rugby
After taking up rugby at Swanage & Wareham RFC, Kvesic attended Blundell's School in Tiverton where he captained the team in schools rugby. He joined the Worcester Warriors Academy aged 14 after attending a training camp before completing his academic studies at Worcester Sixth Form College. Whilst in Sixth form he also represented North Midlands and then the Midlands as a whole in the Midland's Under-18 Championship and Divisional Festival respectively.

Club career
Kvesic made his senior debut for Worcester in the Anglo-Welsh Cup against the Scarlets on 14 November 2009, becoming the youngest player to represent the Warriors in the professional era. In May 2010 he signed a new contract with the club, though with his playing time limited, he joined National League 1 side Stourbridge at the start of the season on a dual registration agreement, making four appearances.

He returned to Worcester and scored two tries on his full debut against Esher before adding a third in the British and Irish Cup against Newport in his next game. He credited his try-scoring start to the season with the time he spent playing physical, forwards dominated rugby in National League 1 with Stourbridge and finished the season with 13 appearances as Worcester were promoted to the Premiership. His performances saw him named Young Player of the Year at the club's end-of-season awards and, with his previous contract due to run out in 2012, he signed an extension with the club in April 2011. In his first Premiership season he played sixteen times in the league, including eight starts, and made his European debut in the Amlin Challenge Cup against Stade Français on 10 November 2011. He was a regular in his final season with the Warriors, appearing in all but one of their Premiership matches and left the club having been named Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year for 2012–13.

On 6 February 2013, it was confirmed that Kvesic would leave Worcester at the end of the season to join local rivals Gloucester Rugby on a two-year contract. He made his debut in Gloucester's 22–16 defeat to Sale Sharks on the opening day of the 2013–14 season and played his first match in the Heineken Cup a month later against USA Perpignan. After twenty games without a try, Kvesic scored his first points for the club after crossing the line against Harlequins in February 2014. In October 2014, he signed a two-year contract extension to keep him with the club until the end of the 2016–17 season.

On 12 January 2017 it was announced that Kvesic would leave Gloucester at the end of the season to join local rivals Exeter Chiefs on a three-year contract.

On 13 May 2020, Kvesic left Exeter to rejoin Worcester Warriors ahead of the 2020-21 season, on a long-term deal.

On 5 October 2022 all Worcester players had their contacts terminated due to the liquidation of the company to which they were contracted. On 16 November 2022, it was confirmed that Kvesic has signed for Italy region Zebre Parma in the URC for the rest of the 2022-23 season.

International career

Age group rugby
Kvesic first represented England at under-16 level in 2008 while still at Blundell's school. He made his debut for the under-18s the following year in the European Under-18 Rugby Union Championship and became a regular in the team. His spell with the under-18s culminated with a Grand Slam in the Five Nations tournament with Kvesic captaining the side in the win over Scotland. In September 2010 he was selected in the under-20 elite squad and retained his place for the 2011 Six Nations Under 20s Championship and Junior World Championship. He made his debut against Wales in February 2011, scoring two tries in a 26–20 win and went on to play every game of the Under-20s Six Nations as England won the Grand Slam. He cemented his place in the back row and started 14 of England's 15 games in the 13 months after his debut, playing in the Junior World Championship final defeat to New Zealand and the 2012 Under-20s Six Nations as England retained their title.

Senior team
A shoulder injury prevented Kvesic from playing in the 2012 Junior World Championship though he was named in the England Saxons squad for the first time in June the same year. In January 2013 he called into the Senior squad for the Six Nations after an injury to Tom Johnson but did not make any appearances. He was included in the squad for the 2013 tour of Argentina and started in the uncapped game against the Barbarians at Twickenham as England ran out 40–12 winners. On 8 June he won his first senior cap in the 32–3 win over Argentina in the first Test and retained his place for the second match which England also won 51–26. After impressing during the tour he was named in the Elite Player Squad in August.

As part of the EPS, Kvesic was included in the squad for the 2014 Six Nations though he was not selected in the matchday 23 for any of the games. He travelled on the 2014 summer tour to New Zealand but was again omitted from the squad for any of the Test matches due to the stiff competition for the three back row slots. He did however play in the midweek game against the Crusaders, starting on the openside as England scored six tries in a 38–7 victory. After the game England head coach Stuart Lancaster praised his performance, naming him as his Man of the Match.

Despite being called up in Eddie Jones first EPS squad in 2016, Kvesic has endured a long stay in the international wilderness, however after an outstanding second season for the Exeter Chiefs developing into more an all-round flanker rather than just an out-and-out openside he was recalled to the England squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup warm-ups and came off the bench in the final game against Italy to win his third cap but was not included in the World Cup squad.

Honours
 Worcester Warriors
 Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
 Players' Player of the Year: 2012–13
 Player of the Year: 2012–13

Gloucester Rugby
 European Challenge Cup 2014-15
 Player of the Year 2014-15
 Young Player of the Year 2014-15
 Players' Player of the Year 2014-15
 Young Player of the Year 2015-16
 Player of the Year 2015-16

Exeter Chiefs
 Player of the Year 2018-19
 Premiership team of the season 2018-19

Personal life
Kvesic was born in Iserlohn, Germany, where his father was posted with the British Army. He is of Croatian descent on his father's side Mark Kvesic and Polish on his mother's Julia Kvesic.

References

External links

Gloucester Rugby profile
Matt Kvesic profile at the RFU
ESPN Scrum profile
It's Rugby profile

1992 births
Living people
People from Iserlohn
Sportspeople from Arnsberg (region)
English people of Croatian descent
English people of Polish descent
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Rugby union flankers
Worcester Warriors players
Stourbridge R.F.C. players
Gloucester Rugby players
People educated at Blundell's School
Rugby union players from Gloucestershire
Exeter Chiefs players
Zebre Parma players
Coventry R.F.C. players

Matt Kvesic


Jacqueline de Bueil (1588-1651), was a French noblewoman and mistress to Henry IV of France in 1604-1608.

Early life
She was born as daughter of Claude de Bueil, Seigneur de Courcillon (1537-1596) and his wife Catherine de Montcler.

Marriages and court life
Although firstly married to Philippe de Harlay| de Champvallon (1582-1652), Count de Césy, she had a child with the king, Antoine de Bourbon-Bueil (1606-1632). She was also known to have had affairs with several other men at court, among them with Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Chevreuse, and participated in several plots. In 1607 she divorced her husband and later married René II Crespin Crespin du Bec , Marquis de Vardes and had legitimate issue with him.

References
 Hugh Noel Williams: Last Loves of Henri of Navarre. London: Hutchinson; pp. 154–156 (online).

1588 births
1651 deaths
17th-century French women
Mistresses of Henry IV of France

Jacqueline de Bueil


Pietro Polani (died 1148) was the 36th Doge of Venice. He reigned from 1130 to 1148.

Polani was elected Doge over the protests of the Dandolo and Bado families because of his first marriage to Adelasa Michele, who was the daughter of his predecessor Domenico Michele. His opponents saw his election to Doge as a violation of a decree that sought to prevent public positions from being passed on through inheritance.

Polani's reign was characterized primarily by external threats to the Republic of Venice. Between 1133 and 1135 the Hungarians captured important Venetian bases on the Dalmatian coast, such as Sebenica, Trogir, and Split. In 1141 Padua tried to expand its territory and influence at the expense of Venice, and tried to subvert the monopoly the Venetians held over the salt trade. At the same time, Ancona was infringing on the Venetian border zone in the south. The political structure in Venice reacted to the complicated and dangerous situation by establishing a council of wise men (sapientes) to advise the Doge. The initially informal council included representatives of the previously dominant aristocracy as well as bankers and merchants. This gradually formed a new oligarchy that participated in ruling the state and during the ensuing centuries increasingly restricted the rights of the Doge. One of the first joint decisions by the sapientes and the Doge was the decision not to participate in the Second Crusade.

Venice won new influence in the eastern Mediterranean by assisting the Byzantine Empire against the Italo-Normans led by Roger II of Sicily.  Many of the noble Venetian families were violently opposed to supporting Byzantium, and the Patriarch Enrico Dandolo fulminated against making a pact with the "schismatic" East. But not even an excommunication of Polani by the pope could convince the Venetians to forgo the valuable commercial rights they received in Chios, Cyprus, Rhodes, and Candia (Crete) through their alliance with the Byzantine Empire. Polani himself commanded the Venetian fleet against the Normans until sickness forced him to return prematurely to Venice where he died soon thereafter. The fleet went on without him to decisively defeat the Norman forces of George of Antioch at Cape Matapan in 1148.

Polani was buried in the San Cipriano monastery in Murano.

References
Andrea da Mosto: I dogi di Venezia. Florenz 2003.
Claudio Rendina: I dogi. Storia e segreti. Roma 1984.

1148 deaths
12th-century Doges of Venice
Year of birth unknown
Byzantine Empire–Republic of Venice relations

Pietro Polani


Bulkeley Bandinel (21 February 1781 – 6 February 1861) was a British scholar, ecclesiastic and librarian.

Early life
He was born in the parish of St Peter-in-the-East, Oxford, first-born son of Rev. Dr. James Bandinel of Netherbury by his wife, Margaret (née Dumaresq). His ancestors, originally from Italy, had moved to Jersey early in the seventeenth century. His father was the first of the family to settle in England. Bulkeley was named after his father's friend, Viscount Bulkeley of Cashel.

Educated at Reading under Richard Valpy and then at Winchester College, Bandinel entered New College, Oxford, in 1800 (B.A. 1805, M.A. 1807, B.D. and D.D. 1823) and was a Fellow there until 1813. He was ordained as a priest in the Church of England in 1805.

Career
During Admiral Sir James Saumarez's Baltic campaign of 1808, Bandinel served a short while as chaplain on board . Returning, he settled in Oxford and rose within the university's ranks. From 1810 he was Sub-Librarian of the Bodleian Library under his godfather John Price, and rose to become Bodley's Librarian in 1813 upon Price's death. It was a position he held until his own death in 1861. Bandinel was Dean of New College and Proctor of the university in 1814, and a Delegate of the University Press from 1813.

In addition, his clerical posts included curacies at nearby Wytham from 1816, and at Albury, Oxfordshire, from 1820. In 1822 he was promoted to the rectory of St Andrew's Church, Haughton-le-Skerne formerly held by his brother-in-law, Thomas Le Mesurier. But Bandinel, occupied with administering the Bodleian and paying from his own purse for bold acquisitions of rare books and manuscripts, rarely visited his living in the North and the parish was run by a curate in his place.

The Bodleian's collections increased greatly under his direction and his knowledge of literary circles was rarely seconded. His patience with both ill-informed library visitors and colleagues would often run thin, many a guest falling victim to his short temper, but it is said that his courtesy was guaranteed to anyone of note who wished to consult him. He was one of the three contributors to Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica.

Macray in his Annals of the Bodleian Library recounts that Bandinel resigned his librarianship in 1860 "after forty-seven years of office as in the capacity of Head, and a total of fifty of work in the Library... At the age of seventy-nine the natural infirmities of age were felt by himself to incapacitate him for the duties which he had so long and so regularly discharged; while at the same time the continually increasing pressure of work and requirements of the Library made those duties much more onerous than they had been even a quarter of a century before." He gave way to his subordinate, Henry Octavius Coxe.

Personal life
Bandinel married Mary Phillips, daughter of John Phillips of Culham, Oxfordshire in 1813. He died in 1861 at his home in Oxford.

References

1781 births
1861 deaths
People educated at Reading School
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Fellows of New College, Oxford
Bodley's Librarians
19th-century English Anglican priests
Burials at St Sepulchre's Cemetery

Bulkeley Bandinel


Wide Hive Records is an independent record label based in Berkeley, California.  It was founded by Gregory Howe in 1997 in San Francisco's Mission District as a record label, live music venue, recording studio and café.

In its early incarnation Wide Hive hosted live acts and recorded, mixed, and mastered CDs of the performances that were available to the audience for purchase at the end of the show.

Since the release of its first record, Dissent, in 1997, Wide Hive has released over thirty titles ranging from jazz to turntablism, downtempo, and funk.  Artists on the label include Phil Ranelin, Calvin Keys, DJ Zeph, MC Azeem, DJ Quest, Harvey Mandel and Larry Coryell. Wide Hive Records had five College Music Journal top ten placements between 2001 and 2010 with DJ Zeph, Variable Unit Seven Grain, Variable Unit Handbook for the Apocalypse, Variable Unit Mayhem Mystics and Wide Hive Players II Guitar, respectively.

References

External links
 Official site

American independent record labels
Companies based in Berkeley, California
Jazz record labels
Record labels established in 1999
1999 establishments in California

Wide Hive Records


Ashland University is a private Christian university in Ashland, Ohio. The university consists of a  main campus and several off-campus centers throughout central and northern Ohio. Ashland was founded in 1878 as Ashland College.  It is affiliated with The Brethren Church.

In addition to a graduate school, the university consists of four colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the Schar College of Education, the Dauch College of Business and Economics, and the Schar College of Nursing and Health Sciences. Ashland Theological Seminary, a division of Ashland University, offers a Doctor of Ministry (D.Min.) degree as well as a number of master's degrees. Ashland is classified as a master's university with most graduate research being in a professional field.

History

On May 28, 1877, a town meeting was held in Ashland, Ohio, where the citizens were to consider a proposal from members of the German Baptist Brethren Church to establish an institution of higher education. The Ashland Press reported that the citizens were promised the college would locate there if their city would raise $10,000. The church and community fundraising campaign proved to be a success and on Feb 17, 1878, a meeting was held to add up their campaign funds and make final plans. The success of the campaign was announced, the college was chartered on February 20 and a church-related, co-educational institution was established.

In April 1878, the board of trustees decided to purchase the "most desirable plot in town – 28 acres on the hill." The first buildings to be constructed were Founders Hall and Allen Hall, constructed from bricks made on the site. Classes opened at Ashland College on Sep 17, 1879, with somewhere around 60 students and eight faculty members.

The new institution grew slowly during its first few decades, but enrollment reached the 200 mark shortly after the turn of the century. By the 1950s, the college had added many new programs of study and experienced rapid growth from about 300 students to more than 2,500 in 1970.

By 1972, Ashland faced a financial crisis as a result of a decline in enrollment and stagnating economy. But shortly after this, several new programs, including a master of education and master of business administration, were created and a number of off-campus centers were developed.

In 1989, college officials decided to change the name of the institution to Ashland University. This change to university status reflected more accurately what the institution had become, with total student enrollment around the 5,600 mark and almost evenly divided between graduate and undergraduate students.

Progress has continued on campus since the 1980s with the construction of several new academic buildings, a new Recreation Center, Student Center and Athletic Complex and the Jack W. Liebert Military and Veterans Center. In addition, in 2010, the university acquired MedCentral Health System's College of Nursing in Mansfield and began a campaign to raise money to construct the  Dwight Schar College of Nursing and Health Sciences in Mansfield. The building opened for classes on June 20, 2014.

Academics

College of Arts and Sciences
The academic programs of the College of Arts and Sciences are housed in seven buildings across the campus. The Kettering Science Center, home to the Departments of Biology/Toxicology and Chemistry/Geology/Physics, was renovated and expanded in 2006 and includes laboratories and specialized equipment rooms for teaching and research in biological, computer, and physical sciences as well as a  greenhouse. The Center for the Arts includes the Hugo Young Theatre, studio theatre, Don Coburn Art Gallery, studios for WRDL-FM and TV-20, the Elizabeth Pastor Recital Hall, and is home to the Departments of Art, Music, Theatre and Communication Arts. The Center for the Humanities in Bixler Hall houses the Departments of English, Philosophy, Foreign Languages, the Writing Studio, and the Ashland Center for Nonviolence. The Department of Religion is in the Rinehart Center for Religious Studies. Patterson Technology Center houses the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science as well as the Office of Information Technology. Andrews Hall is home to the Department of History/Political Science. Criminal Justice/Sociology, Social Work and Psychology are located within the Dwight Schar College of Education.

WRDL (88.9 FM) is an educational radio station broadcasting a Top 40 format. Licensed to Ashland, Ohio, USA, the station serves the North-Central Ohio area. The station is owned and operated by Ashland University.

Dauch College of Business and Economics

The Richard E. and Sandra J. Dauch College of Business and Economics building, which includes the Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurial Studies wing, opened for classes in January 2004. This  building serves as the home for business administration, supply chain management, economics and MBA programs and features a trading room with Wall Street-style workstations and wall-mounted displays with market news for Ashland University's Eagle Investment Group, an executive education center, computer labs, tiered lecture hall and product development lab.

Dwight Schar College of Education
The two-story,  Dwight Schar College of Education building opened in March 2006 and is home to the undergraduate teacher education program as well as the master of education program and doctor of education program. The building features 12 classrooms, four seminar rooms, 60 faculty and staff offices, several commons or meeting areas, a media center, peer teaching studio with one-way viewing mirror and 165-seat lecture hall. The building's two-way interactive distance learning capability allows the college to do live broadcasts from several locations inside the facility.

Ashland's education program is accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) at the basic and advanced levels. Approval to offer the Master of Education degree was granted by the Ohio Board of Regents in 1975. Approval for offering certification for the Master of Education degree was granted by the Ohio Department of Education in 1976. Additionally, licensure and endorsement programs are approved by the Ohio Department of Education.

Dwight Schar College of Nursing & Health Sciences
The Ashland University College of Nursing evolved from a hospital-based diploma program that was established in 1919 by the Mansfield General Hospital.

Founded in 1997 under MedCentral and acquired by Ashland University in 2010, the College of Nursing is a private institution of higher education offering programs of study leading to the baccalaureate degree in nursing. Together, the rich tradition of the School of Nursing and now the College of Nursing has served the communities of North Central Ohio for more than 85 years. The College of Nursing currently boasts more than 1,500 nursing alumni who are leaders in their profession.

Ashland University completed a $15.5 million campaign – "Compassion, Community, Commitment ... Building a Healthy Tomorrow" – to build a 46,000-square-foot academic building for the new Dwight Schar College of Nursing and Health Science in Mansfield. The campaign received a $5 million lead gift from Ashland University alumnus and longtime supporter Dwight Schar.

Groundbreaking for the Dwight Schar College of Nursing took place on June 16, 2011. The new facility includes a number of clinical laboratories housed within the Simulation Center, including a Health Foundations lab, Family Health lab, Adult Health lab, Complex Health lab, ICU/CCU/NICU, Advanced Care lab, Community Health Home Care lab, and four patient examination labs. Other spaces in the building include traditional classrooms, faculty/staff offices, student study and lounge areas, and student support spaces.

The building opened for fall nursing classes on August 20, 2012, and a dedication and ribbon cutting ceremony took place on October 12, 2012. Ashland University nursing students complete their first two years of the program on the Ashland University campus in Ashland and then move to the Mansfield campus for the last two years of education and clinical studies. Growth of the program has included a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree and a Physician's Assistant program.

College of Adult Studies
Created in 2010, the College of Adult Studies offers the following programs and services: Professional Development Services, Telego Center for Educational Improvement, Division of Adult Studies, Gill Center for Business and Economic Education, PSEOP/Dual Credit, Continuing Education Certificate Training and Veteran Services.

Accreditation
Ashland University is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is authorized by the Ohio Board of Regents to grant bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree. Individual programs are accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education, the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education, the National Association of Schools of Music, the American Association of Theological Schools, the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, the Council on Social Work Education, the American Chemical Society, the Accreditation Commission for Programs in Hospitality Administration and the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs.

Rankings
In 2019 Ashland University was ranked #495 in Top Colleges 2019 by Forbes.

U.S. News & World Report ranked Ashland University in the Top 200 National University institutions in the 2016 edition of its America's Best Colleges survey. In 2021 Ashland University was ranked #51 in Regional Universities Midwest  by U.S. News & World Report.

Ashland University was named as one of the top 15 over-performing colleges in the nation by U.S. News & World Report in December 2012. The publication looked at data from its Best Colleges 2013, then took peer assessments and compared the information to the actual rankings. Ashland University's performance is 58 places above its peer assessments, placing it among the top 15 over-performing schools in the country.

Student Life
The university enrolls 7,965 students, 80 percent of whom are undergraduate students. Seventy-nine percent of graduates are employed or pursuing further education six months after graduation. Ninety-nine percent of first-time, full-time freshmen receive some kind of financial aid.

Greek organizations

Fraternities
Phi Delta Theta
Phi Kappa Psi
Kappa Sigma

Sororities
Alpha Delta Pi
Delta Zeta
Alpha Phi
Theta Phi Alpha

Faculty
There are nearly full-time 200 faculty, and 80% hold the highest degree in their field. The student to faculty ratio is 13:1.

Emeritus faculty

 Lucille Ford - Nationally known economist, inducted in the Ohio Foundation of Independent Colleges' (OFIC) Hall of Excellence,
 Jane Piirto - Lifetime Achievement Award Winner, Mensa 2007, Higher Education Award from the Ohio Association of Gifted Children 2007, International Creativity Award from the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children 2017

Notable faculty

 Amy Klinger - "Nationally recognized as an expert in school safety and crisis management."

Athletics

Ashland University participates in NCAA Division II for athletics. Ashland's athletic teams are known as the Eagles, and the colors are purple and gold. Ashland participates in the Great Midwest Athletic Conference (G-MAC) since the 2021–22 academic year. They formerly had competed in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (GLIAC) from 1995–96 to 2020–21; and before that they were a charter member of the American Mideast Conference of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) on three different tenures.

Ashland offers athletic scholarships in 11 men's, 12 women's and one co-ed sport – with the men competing in baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, indoor and outdoor track, soccer, swimming, tennis and wrestling, and the women competing in basketball, cross country, golf, indoor and outdoor track, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, volleyball and STUNT. Esports, a co-ed sport, was added in 2018. The university's $23 million athletic complex features a 5,200-seat football stadium, a 1,000-seat stadium for track & field and soccer, and a state-of-the-art training facility. The Niss Athletic Center, which broke ground in 2020, will feature an 80-yard turf field, a 300-meter six-lane track and an eight-lane sprint track, as well as field jump and throwing areas and batting cages.

Ashland students have won more than 650 All-America honors, 56 national championships and one Sullivan Award. With more than 800 student athletes, Eagle athletics has consistently been ranked in the Top 10 of the Learfield Sports Directors' Cup standings and was the top ranked Division II athletic program in the country in 2015.

Centers
Ashland Theological Seminary (ATS), a graduate division of Ashland University, is an evangelical seminary located in Ashland, Ohio, with extension campuses in Cleveland, Columbus and Detroit.
Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs is an academic center at Ashland University, dedicated by Ronald Reagan on May 9, 1983. One emphasis of the center is promoting the study of American history, government, politics, and constitutional interpretation for young people, teachers, and scholars. The Ashbrook Center was established and named in honor of the late Congressman John M. Ashbrook (1928–1982) who represented Ohio's 17th Congressional district for 21 years. Ashbrook was an American politician of the Republican Party who served in the United States House of Representatives from Ohio from 1961 until his death.

Alumni

References

External links

Ashland University Athletics website

Education in Ashland County, Ohio
Educational institutions established in 1878
Private universities and colleges in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Ashland County, Ohio
Christian universities and colleges
University
Universities and colleges accredited by the Higher Learning Commission

Ashland University


Cineplex Inc. (formerly Cineplex Galaxy) is the largest cinema chain in Canada.

The company was formed in 2003 via the acquisition of Loews Cineplex's Canadian operations (which included the assets of the former Cineplex Odeon chain) by Onex Corporation and Oaktree Capital Management, and its subsequent merger with Onex's Galaxy Entertainment—a chain of cinemas that was established in 1999 by former Cineplex Odeon executives, and operated primarily in smaller markets. The company subsequently acquired Famous Players from National Amusements in 2005, went public in 2011, and acquired Empire Theatres' operations in Atlantic Canada and parts of Ontario in 2013. In December 2019, Cineplex agreed to be acquired by British exhibitor Cineworld Group for $2.8 billion, pending regulatory and shareholder approval, but Cineworld abandoned the sale in June 2020 due to unspecified breaches of the sale terms.

The company operates cinemas across Canada, primarily under the brand Cineplex Cinemas. Some flagship locations operate as Scotiabank Theatre, while some locations use brands carried over from its corporate predecessors (such as Famous Players, SilverCity, Odeon, and Galaxy, although some of them have since been converted to the Cineplex banner). The company also owns family entertainment centres under the brands The Rec Room and Playdium, the rewards loyalty program Scene+, the e-commerce Cineplex Store, film distributor Cineplex Pictures and the digital advertising business Cineplex Media.

History

1912–1998: predecessors

Cineplex stakes a partial claim to the history of the Famous Players Film Company (later Paramount Pictures), founded in 1912 by Adolph Zukor, as Cineplex's earliest predecessor; however, that company did not have any operations in Canada until 1920, when it bought Nathan Nathanson's Paramount Theatre chain, which Nathanson had established four years earlier. Nathanson, the 5th richest person in the world, became the first president of the resulting entity, Famous Player Canadian Corporation. In 1923, Famous Players bought out rival Allen Theatres, acquiring many buildings in the process.

Odeon Theatres of Canada was established in 1941, before merging with the Canadian Theatres chain in 1978, becoming Canadian Odeon Theatres.

In 1979, Garth Drabinsky and Nat Taylor created the Cineplex Corporation and opened its first "Cineplex" theatre complex, in the Toronto Eaton Centre. Odeon merged with Cineplex in 1984 to form Cineplex Odeon Corporation, before being acquired by Loews Theatres in 1998, thereby becoming Loews Cineplex Entertainment.

1999–2004: early years

Galaxy Entertainment Inc. was established in 1999 by Ellis Jacob, a former Chief Operating Officer of Loews Cineplex Entertainment, and Stephen Brown, a former Cineplex Chief Financial Officer. With investments from Onex Corporation and Famous Players, the new company focused on smaller markets that were usually served by smaller theatres and old equipment, opening large, major chain-style locations under the Galaxy Cinemas banner. By 2003, Galaxy Entertainment had grown to 19 theatres and $75 million in box office revenue.

In 2001, Loews Cineplex Entertainment (a 1998 merger of Universal Pictures' Cineplex Odeon and Sony's Loews Theatres) underwent bankruptcy due to the economic recession of the early 2000s. In June 2001, Onex Corporation announced its intent to acquire Loews Cineplex; as part of the deal, Loews Cineplex would close 46 cinemas (including 25 in Canada), and Onex would acquire the company for $1.3 billion with Oaktree Capital Management as a partner.

In November 2003, Loews Cineplex Entertainment's Canadian operations merged with Galaxy Entertainment as Cineplex Galaxy Income Fund. The U.S. operations of Loews Cineplex were divested in 2004 to several investors including The Carlyle Group.

2005–2012: purchase of Famous Players, Cineplex Entertainment

On June 13, 2005, Cineplex Galaxy Income Fund announced its acquisition of Famous Players from Viacom for CA$500 million (about US$397 million). This deal was completed on July 22, 2005. To satisfy antitrust concerns, on August 22, 2005, the group announced the sale of 27 locations in Ontario and western Canada to Empire Theatres. On June 21, Loews Cineplex announced that it would merge with AMC Theatres. While AMC Theatres also operated in Canada and was ranked third behind Cineplex Galaxy and the enlarged Empire Theatres, Cineplex Odeon and AMC Theatres remained competitors.

In October 2005, Cineplex Galaxy changed the name of its operating subsidiary Cineplex Galaxy LP to Cineplex Entertainment LP, to reflect their expanded operations. On March 31, 2006, Cineplex sold seven more theatres in Quebec to Chelsea-based Fortune Cinemas. On June 29, 2007, Cineplex Entertainment announced its purchase of three Cinema City theatres in western Canada, consisting of two theatres in Winnipeg and one in Edmonton.

As Cineplex no longer held the rights to the branding, the Paramount Theatres locations were rebranded as Scotiabank Theatre as part of a joint venture with Scotiabank to launch a new loyalty program.

With the bankruptcy of Fortune Cinemas, Cineplex Entertainment acquired (or in this case, re-acquired) some of Fortune Cinemas theatres. The Starcité Gatineau (Starcité Hull) and the Cavendish theaters were reopened as Cineplex Entertainment theatres.

In June 2012, as part of its exit from the Canadian market, AMC sold four of its Canadian cinemas to Cineplex, including the Yonge Dundas 24 at 10 Dundas East (Cineplex's original location and namesake), and the Forum in Montreal. The company also earlier acquired the Tinseltown Movies 12 theatre from another American chain, Cinemark, in the Gastown neighbourhood of Vancouver.

Over the subsequent years, Cineplex expanded into advertising, events programming and a new concept, The Rec Room, amusement venues with live entertainment that serve food and drink.

2013–2018: expansion, VIP Cinemas

In the 2010s, Cineplex began to deploy "VIP Cinemas" featuring reclining seats, in-seat meal services, and a licensed lounge. On August 15, 2014, Cineplex opened a dedicated VIP Cinemas Don Mills location, the first to be devoted solely to the format. By 2017, the company had also begun to retrofit selected non-VIP auditoriums to feature reclining seating.

On June 27, 2013, the Empire Company announced that it would divest its Empire Theatres operations in order to focus on its real-estate assets and grocery chain Sobeys. Cineplex acquired 24 former Empire locations in the Atlantic provinces as well as 2 in Ontario, for around $200 million (Landmark Cinemas acquired the remainder, predominantly in Western Canada and Ontario). In February 2014, Cineplex announced that it had acquired Empire's planned Lansdowne Park location in Ottawa, and would construct a new 10-screen cinema at the site with three VIP screens.

2019–present: attempted acquisition by Cineworld

On December 16, 2019, Cineplex announced a definitive agreement to be acquired by the British cinema operator Cineworld Group, the second-largest film exhibitor worldwide, pending shareholder and regulatory approval. Cineworld would be paying $34 per-share—a 42% premium over Cineplex's share price prior to the announcement, valuing the company at CDN$2.8 billion. Cineworld planned to pay US$1.65 billion, and to fund the remainder by taking on debt.

Combined with its ownership of the 564-location Regal Cinemas chain in the United States (which it had acquired the previous year), the sale would have made Cineworld the largest cinema chain in North America. Cineworld stated that it planned to integrate Cineplex's operations with those of Regal, while maintaining Cineplex's banners for its Canadian operations. The company also stated that it planned to reach $120 million in cost efficiencies and revenue synergies (including the adoption of a subscription service scheme similar to Regal and Cineworld) by the end of fiscal year 2020.

The sale was approved by Cineplex shareholders in February 2020. Activist shareholder Bluebell Capital Partners called for the Canadian government to block the sale due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn led to the temporary closure of all Cineplex properties for several months starting on March 16. In May, Cineplex stated that Cineworld planned to complete the sale by June 2020, provided that it received federal approval under the Investment Canada Act, and that it met the terms of the sale agreement (including its debt not exceeding $725 million).

On June 12, 2020, Cineworld abandoned the purchase, alleging that Cineplex had engaged in conduct that breached unspecified terms of the sale, and that the company had experienced a "material adverse effect" of an unspecified nature. Cineplex denied the claims and made counter-allegations. The agreement with Cineworld included a condition that the latter would pay a penalty in case it decided to cancel the deal. In February 2021, CEO Ellis Jacob offered to temporarily convert Cineplex facilities into COVID-19 vaccination sites. In July, Cineplex started legal action against Cineworld claiming financial damages and Cineworld counter-sued.

In December 2021, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice ruled in favour of Cineplex, and ordered Cineworld to pay US$1 billion in damages for breach of contract. The company planned to appeal the ruling; Cineworld's shares fell by 40% in the immediate aftermath of the ruling. In September 2022, it was reported that the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas had denied the appeal, amid Cineworld's Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It was also reported by The Wall Street Journal that Cineplex was exploring the possibility of a separate merger with Regal.

Operations

Theatre chains

Cineplex's flagship banners include Cineplex Cinemas ( in Quebec), with some older locations still using the previous "Cineplex Odeon" branding, and Scotiabank Theatre. Cineplex Junxion was announced as a new cinema banner in 2019; these locations feature expanded arcade, restaurant, and live entertainment areas in addition to traditional cinema auditoriums.

Selected banners originating from Famous Players are still used by some locations, such as Famous Players and SilverCity ( in Quebec), but these banners, as well as others (such as Coliseum and Colossus) have been largely replaced by Cineplex Cinemas (although in the case of Coliseum and Colossus, the unique architectural features of these theatres have been preserved), and Scotiabank Theatre in the case of Famous Players' Paramount cinemas. The Galaxy Theatres brand is primarily used by small and medium-market locations, although some have since been converted to the Cineplex Cinemas banner.

Premium formats
Selected Cineplex locations offer including large-screen formats, motion seats, and VIP for a higher ticket price. Following the premiere of Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2015, Cineplex reported that at least 80% of customers watched the film with one of its premium formats, and 40% of the company's overall box office revenue came from premium formats.

 Prime Seats are reserved seating rows in selected auditoriums, near the middle of the audience. They were first piloted in Ontario in 2014, before receiving a wider roll-out.
IMAX digital screens are available at 25 locations. While most of these were acquired from other theatre chains, Cineplex opened several of its own digital IMAX screens, with the most recent being the Devonshire Mall in Windsor in 2022. The screen size is from about 73 to 119 feet, depending on the venue. Among the Cineplex locations, Scotiabank Theatre Toronto is the only one that offers IMAX with Laser projections.
 IMAX 70 mm film screenings are available at five locations : both Scotiabank Theatre locations in Alberta, the Langley location (former Colossus) in Metro Vancouver, and the Mississauga and Vaughan locations (former Coliseum and Colossus, respectively) in the Greater Toronto Area. These locations, along with the Saskatchewan Science Centre in Regina, Saskatchewan, are the only locations in Canada to screen the Christopher Nolan films Dunkirk and Oppenheimer in the IMAX 70 mm format.
UltraAVX is Cineplex's in-house premium large format, referring to auditoriums with larger "wall-to-wall" screens and 4K projectors, Dolby Atmos surround sound, and reserved seating.
D-Box seats are available at selected locations, which offer motion effects synchronized with the film.
VIP Cinemas are a premium concept catering to adults; the screens feature a "VIP Lounge" area with a licensed bar, reserved seating, leather reclining seats with tables, and in-seat meal services offering snacks and other premium menu options. Access to VIP Cinemas are restricted by the legal drinking age; depending on local laws, some locations also allow consumption of alcoholic beverages inside the auditorium (otherwise only allowing them to be consumed in the VIP Lounge area). VIP Cinemas are offered at selected flagship locations, and Cineplex has also constructed several locations devoted exclusively to the format.
 4DX, a 4D film format, first launched at Cineplex Cinemas Yonge-Dundas on November 4, 2016. It debuted alongside the premiere of Doctor Strange as Canada's first cinema screen to feature the technology. 4DX includes stereoscopic 3D, as well as seat motion and other practical effects such as wind, strobes, and smell among others. A second 4DX screen opened at Scotiabank Theatre Chinook Centre Calgary in August 2019.
 Clubhouse is an auditorium concept designed primarily for children, featuring family films, multi-colored seats and a play structure.

Arcades and amusement

Arcades at Cineplex locations are primarily operated under the branding Xscape Entertainment Centre; the brand was first introduced in June 2009, and has since been deployed at 81 locations as of April 2023. Early Xscape locations (such as SilverCity CrossIron Mills near Calgary) also featured licensed lounges and party rooms, but later builds have been designed as redemption-oriented refurbishments or conversions of existing space. In 2017, Cineplex began to expand the Xscape brand internationally, beginning with two standalone Xscape arcades at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. Arcades that have not adopted the Xscape format use the brand Cinescape Games.

In January 2015, Cineplex announced The Rec Room, a entertainment restaurant chain similar to the U.S.-based chain Dave & Buster's. The Rec Room targets a young adult demographic, with its locations featuring restaurants and bars, arcade and recreational game areas, simulators, and an auditorium equipped with a cinema-style screen. Cineplex CEO Ellis Jacob explained that the chain is meant to help the company diversify beyond its core cinema business in the wake of the growing streaming industry, The first location opened in Edmonton, Alberta on September 19, 2016 at the South Edmonton Common. A second location in Toronto, Ontario at Roundhouse Park opened in June 2017, followed by a third location at the West Edmonton Mall. The chain consists of 10 locations across Canada since the end of 2021.

Cineplex owns Playdium, an arcade and family entertainment centre chain focused on children and teens. The chain first launched in 1996 in Mississauga, Ontario. In 1997, Playdium partnered with Famous Players to operate arcades at its locations under the brand TechTown. It expanded to four locations by June 1999, including Toronto, Edmonton and Burnaby. The Toronto location closed in 2002, and by the end of 2004, only the Mississauga location remained, which permanently closed on November 1, 2020. The chain was relaunched with two Ontario locations in 2019: Brampton on September 16, retrofitting the Cineplex Odeon Orion Gate theatre, and Whitby on November 4. A third Playdium location opened in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia on February 20, 2021. Cineplex aims to have 10 to 15 Playdium locations across Canada.

In 2022, Cineplex launched Cineplex Junxion, a new cinema banner incorporating elements from The Rec Room's concept. The first Cineplex Junxion opened at Kildonan Place in Winnipeg in December 2022, succeeding the existing Famous Players location at the same site. Another location at Erin Mills Town Centre in Mississauga opened on May 17, 2023.

Virtual reality

In November 2017, an IMAX VR centre opened at Scotiabank Theatre Toronto as IMAX VR's first location in Canada. The following month, a D-Box VR experience launched at the Ottawa location. The IMAX VR centre closed in 2019, as part of the discontinuation of the IMAX VR pilot project.

In July 2018, after having opened such an attraction at The Rec Room at Roundhouse Park, Cineplex Entertainment announced that it had reached an agreement to be the exclusive Canadian franchisee of The Void — a chain of mixed reality entertainment attractions.

On September 13, 2018, Cineplex announced that it would acquire a stake in VRStudios—a Seattle-based provider of virtual reality installations, and utilize its equipment for as many as 40 VR centres across the country.

Scene+

Launched in 2007, Scene+ is an entertainment rewards program jointly owned by Scotiabank and Cineplex Entertainment.

Food and beverages

Cineplex has an Outtakes () restaurant in many of its theatres, some which replace previous restaurant partners (Burger King, KFC Express, Pizza Pizza/Pizza 73, Pizza Hut Express, Taco Bell Express and New York Fries) and others which introduce restaurants at locations which did not previously feature one. VIP Cinemas and some Xscape locations feature a licensed lounge with more premium offerings compared to Outtakes.

Poptopia is a flavoured popcorn restaurant offered in a full-service format at 22 locations. Other Cineplex theatres may feature Poptopia at the concession stand, but only in the caramel corn and/or kettle corn flavours.

Ice cream at Cineplex locations debuted with Baskin-Robbins and TCBY. Beginning in December 2007, Yogen Früz became the preferred partner. On January 1, 2014, Cineplex acquired a 50% stake in Yoyo's Yogurt Café. As of January 2017, 77 Cineplex theatres feature Yoyo's restaurants, while Yogen Fruz is still available in 23 Cineplex theatres while TCBY is available in 16 locations.

Beverages are available in both cold and hot formats. Cold beverages include the Coca-Cola lineup, which replaced the Pepsi lineup used at locations formerly owned by Famous Players. 12 locations feature Coca-Cola Freestyle. Hot beverages include Starbucks as the incumbent provider with 105 locations, all which offer Pike Place Roast coffee (regular or decaf) and Tazo tea. Select locations also offer premium drinks such as caffè mocha or caramel macchiato. Tim Hortons is available as a full-service restaurant in five locations, with Brossard being the only location to offer both Tim Hortons and Starbucks.

In most theatres, Cineplex offers sale of alcohol to 19+ patrons in Ontario (18+ in Alberta) similar to the VIP theatres albeit from a selection of beer or cider beverages.

Corporate governance

The current Chief Executive Officer and President of Cineplex Entertainment is Ellis Jacob. Alongside with Jacob are Jordan Banks who serves as a Facebook executive, Robert Bruce, Joan Dea, Ian Greenberg, the founder of Astral Media, Sarabjit S. Marwah, Anthony Munk, Edward Sonshine, Christopher Medlock, Robert J. Steacy and Phyllis Yaffe, who serves as its chair.

Criticism and controversy
The Motley Fool described Cineplex as having a "virtual monopoly" over the cinema market in Canada.

In 2012, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Cineplex over locations refusing to honour the company's "Cheap Tuesdays" promotion. The company agreed to a $7,000 settlement, including a $25,000 charitable donation.

In 2019, the producers of Unplanned, an anti-abortion-themed film, criticized Cineplex for initially declining to pick up the film after securing a Canadian distributor. They felt it amounted to an effective "ban" of the film from Canada due to the company's scale. The film's co-director Cory Solomon also, along with other anti-abortion activists and religious groups, called for a boycott of Cineplex. The company later announced that it would—joining competitor Landmark Cinemas and a handful of independent cinemas—screen Unplanned with a one-week limited release at 24 Cineplex locations. The decision was praised by opponents of abortion rights, but did lead to criticism from pro-choice groups due to disputes over the film's content (with the Alberta Pro-Choice Coalition stating that it planned to hold a peaceful protest outside Scotiabank Theatre Chinook Centre). The film itself had already attracted criticism from groups, such as the Abortion Rights Coalition of Canada, over its factual accuracy, with the Coalition describing it as "American propaganda".

During the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival, festival organizers stated that Cineplex would no longer allow films distributed by an online video service (such as Amazon Video or Netflix) to be screened at the Scotiabank Theatre Toronto (which has been considered the "primary" venue of the event for major screenings) due to company policy, as the services do not adhere to industry-standard theatrical windows. ScreenDaily stated that this was "believed to be the first time an exhibitor's position on theatrical windowing has affected scheduling at a major film festival".

See also
List of Cineplex Entertainment movie theatres
Landmark Cinemas - second largest movie theatre chain in Canada

Notes

References

External links

 Cineplex Creative

Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Canadian companies established in 1999
Entertainment companies established in 1999
Companies based in Toronto
Movie theatre chains in Canada
Canadian brands
Universal Windows Platform apps
Entertainment companies of Canada
1999 establishments in Ontario

Cineplex Entertainment


The Oromo  are a Cushitic ethnic group from the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya. They speak the Oromo language. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Ethiopia.

The Oromo people traditionally used the gadaa system. A leader is elected by the gadaa system for eight years, with an election taking place at the end of those eight years. Although most modern Oromos are Muslims and Christians, about 3% practice Waaqeffanna, the native ancient monotheistic religion of Oromos.

References

Ethnic groups in Ethiopia

Oromo people


"Gumpu" is the debut single by Salome, the winner of Swiss MusicStars 2005. Released in Switzerland on April 30, 2005, the song entered the Swiss charts on May 15 at number one. It stayed there for three weeks, outperforming artists such as Akon, Chipz, Snoop Dogg and Shakira. Despite the success of "Gumpu" and her debut album ...Moji, Salome has not been in the Swiss charts since, seemingly becoming a one-hit wonder.  The version of "Gumpu" on the album is two seconds longer than the version on the CD single.

Track listing
 "Gumpu" (Radio Edit) [03:38]
 "Gumpu" (Karaoke Version) [03:38]

2005 singles
Number-one singles in Switzerland
2005 songs

Gumpu


A broadcast designer is a person involved with creating graphic designs and electronic media incorporated in television productions that are used by character generator (CG) operators. A broadcast designer may have a degree in digital media (or a similar degree), or is self-taught in the software needed to create such content. CG stands for computer graphics, most broadcast designers studied either graphic design or visual communicationthis term is used for those designing motion graphics also for film, industrials, commercials, and the web.

A large portion of broadcast design is known as "branding" for television channels and programs. The job of the designer is to create a look and feel for a specific idea or subject. Often, television stations will wish to re-invent their style or "on air look"this is where the broadcast designer's skills are called upon to design lower third digital on-screen graphics (DOG or BUG) and motion graphics.

Another industry which is reliant on a designer's skill is the television commercial advertising market. Most often, a client will hire an advertising agency which will then hire a group of designers to produce a commercial for their product. The process usually begins with a concept or an idea which the client has or the agency comes up with. It is then further explored in design boards which go up for approval by the client before the process of making it actually begins.

See also
 Acknowledgment (creative arts)
 Billing (filmmaking)
 Character generator
 Closing credits
 Credit (creative arts)
 Digital on-screen graphic (BUG)
 Graphics coordinator
 Lower third
 Production logo
 Score bug
 Title sequence
 WGA screenwriting credit system
 Television news screen layout

Broadcasting occupations
Mass media occupations
Television terminology

Broadcast designer


Meshech is a person mentioned in the Bible, described in Genesis 10 as the son of Japheth, son of Noah.

Meshech in the Bible can also mean the tribe that came from his children, or the country where they lived, for example in Psalm 120:5. Many Bible Atlases such as IVP and Zondervan  state it was in Asia Minor, while others say the Caucasus.

Related pages
For Gog, 'the chief ruler of the nations of Meshech and Tubal' (Book of Ezekiel 39:1) see Armageddon

References
Prophezine.com
Topical Bible.org

Old Testament people

Meshech