A Molex connector is a standard connector, which is used on electronic circuit boards. It is also used in many Personal computers, where it ofen transmits power. It is a pin and socket design. Originally, these connectors where manufactured by the company with the same name.

Electronics

Molex connector


Hot-Rod and Reel! is a 1959 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The script was written by Michael Maltese, and the film score was composed by Milt Franklyn.

The short was released on May 9, 1959, and stars Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner.

Plot
Wile E. Coyote (Famishius Famishius) attempts several ways to get the Roadrunner (Super-Sonicus-Tastius). The Roadrunner reaches two outcroppings. When Wile E. tries it, the end of said outcropping comes off. Just when he thinks he is about to suffer gravity yet again, Wile. E is saved by a tree branch. He tries to go on the plateau nearby, only for the plateau to fall to a river. A fish nearby is spooked when Wile E. gets his newest scheme.

1. The Coyote races after the Roadrunner with his new roller skates. When the Roadrunner tries to trip the Coyote, Wile E., in time, leaps in the air and sticks his tongue out at the bird, but little does he know, he is about to fall off a cliff yet again. He ends up in the ground, with only his feet sticking out, as the wheels fall off one of the skates.

2. After getting an explosive camera kit, Wile E. prepares for his newest deception. The Roadrunner is intrigued by the signs. When the Roadrunner gets ready for his picture, the gun goes off on the Coyote. As the Roadrunner speeds away, the dazed Wile E. sees the one flaw of his attempt: he forgot to take off the lens cap that was on the entire time.

3. As the Roadrunner taunts the Coyote from above, Wile E. prepares a trampoline. However, when he jumps, he gets trapped inside like a burlap sack.

4. Now armed with a crossbow and dynamite, Wile E. prepares for his plan. However, when he lights the fuse and the Roadrunner comes, the crossbow fires yet the dynamite is left behind to blow him up.

5. Now resorting to his best friend Acme, Wile E. receives a jet propelled pogo stick. However, when the Coyote prepares the pogo stick, it propels him to the cliff behind him. Down he goes again.

6. Using railroad deception again, Wile E. hammers a crossing sign, accompanied by tracks set up and a record player with Hi-Fi railroad crossing sounds playing. When the Roadrunner stops, the Coyote tries to catch the bird, only to be run over by an actual train.

7. Having almost blown his top with simple traps, Wile E. uses 12 bombs down an extremely long slide (identical to the one he had tried to use in Zoom and Bored).  He lifts the slide door to release the bombs from their bin, but none of them come out. He tries shaking the bin moderately, then violently. After pondering, he also tries to prise them out, but when he tries to stomp on them, Boom! A dazed Wile E. slides down, and the Roadrunner passes over him to add insult to injury.

8. Wile E. receives another of Acme's products, a jet-propelled unicycle. When the Coyote lights the fuse, he is dragged away. Wile E. tries to balance himself and succeeds. As he approached the Roadrunner, the bird seemingly speeds off in a cloud of dust, but just after Wile zooms by the dust cloud, the cloud disappears, revealing the Roadrunner's still there, having faked Wile out. Wile E. then falls off a cliff and the resulting cloud of smoke has the words "The End" on it.

See also
 Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1950–1959)

References

External links

1959 animated films
1959 short films
1950s Warner Bros. animated short films
Looney Tunes shorts
American animated short films
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner films
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
Films scored by Milt Franklyn

Hot-Rod and Reel!


Sergey Nikolayevich Galitsky (; born Sergey Nikolayevich Arutyunyan) is a Russian billionaire businessman, the founder and co-owner of Magnit, Russia's largest retailer, and president of FC Krasnodar. In 2021 Forbes Russia estimated his fortune at $3,500 million.

Early life
Sergey Arutyunyan was born on 14 August 1969, in Lazarevskoye, a suburb of Sochi, southern Russia, his mother is Russian and his father is Russian-Armenian. He later adopted his wife's surname. In 1985-1987 served in the Soviet army.

Career
In 1989, being a second-year student, began working in one of the commercial banks of Krasnodar. In 1993, he graduated from the Economics faculty of Kuban State University. A year later, he founded the company, "Transasia", which traded wholesale cosmetics and perfumery. In 1995,he came out of this business and founded the company "Tander". In 1998, he built the first distribution center, and immediately after the 1998 Russian financial crisis, opened the first grocery store "Magnit" in Krasnodar. In 2000, he switched to retail, and created the largest network by number of stores in Russia. In 2006, the company conducted its IPO and was valued at $1.9 billion.

In 2008 he founded FC Krasnodar, and in 2013 he financed the construction of the stadium of the same name for this club.

In 2018, Galitsky sold a 29.1% stake in the Magnit retail chain to Russian bank VTB for 138 billion rubles.

In 2019, Galitsky got into the wine business. Grapes are grown near the village of Gostagaevskaya in Krasnodar Krai. The wine is sold under the brand name Galitsky & Galitsky.

Personal life
He was married to Viktoria Galitskaya, and they have one daughter, Polina Galitskaya. In June 2023, Russian media reported that Viktoria died on 14 June 2023 in Italy at the age of 51, Galitsky's press representative refused to provide an official comment.

In March 2022, Forbes reported that the megayacht Quantum Blue was owned by Galitsky. Registered in the Cayman Islands with a value of $213 million at 341 feet, on March 22, it was recorded off the coast of Oman.

References

External links

1967 births
Russian businesspeople in retailing
Russian billionaires
Living people
Russian people of Armenian descent
People from Krasnodar
Russian football chairmen and investors
FC Krasnodar
Armenian billionaires

Sergey Galitsky


Glen Forrest Johnston (August 22, 1901 – July 8, 1991) was a provincial politician from Alberta, Canada.  He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1952 to 1967 sitting with the Social Credit caucus in government.

Political career
Johnston ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature in the 1952 Alberta general election. He stood as the Social Credit candidate in the electoral district of Ponoka and won a solid majority defeating two other candidates to hold the district of his party.

Johnston ran for a second term in office in the 1955 Alberta general election. He held his seat in a hotly contested five way race that went to a third vote count.

The 1959 Alberta general election saw Johnston run for his third term in office. He would defeat two other candidates with just over half the popular vote to hold his seat.

Johnston ran for a fourth term in office in the 1963 Alberta general election. He would nearly be defeated by Independent Social Credit candidate Neville Roper who finished a very close second in the three way race.

Johnston retired from provincial office at dissolution of the assembly in 1967. His son, Dale Johnston, later served as Member of Parliament for Wetaskiwin, Alberta, Canada from 1993 to 2006.

References

External links
Legislative Assembly of Alberta Members Listing

Alberta Social Credit Party MLAs
1901 births
1991 deaths

Glen Johnston


The Young Plan was a 1929 attempt to settle issues surrounding the World War I reparations obligations that Germany owed under the terms of Treaty of Versailles. Developed to replace the 1924 Dawes Plan, the Young Plan was negotiated in Paris from February to June 1929 by a committee of international financial experts under the leadership of American businessman and economist Owen D. Young. Representatives of the affected governments then finalised and approved the plan at The Hague conference of 1929/30. Reparations were set at 36 billion Reichsmarks payable through 1988. Including interest, the total came to 112 billion Reichsmarks. The average annual payment was approximately two billion Reichsmarks (US$473 million in 1929). The plan came into effect on 17 May 1930, retroactive to 1 September 1929.

In a parallel agreement, France agreed to withdraw its troops from the occupied Rhineland in 1930, five years earlier than called for in the Treaty of Versailles.

Due to the effects of the Great Depression, the Young Plan was suspended by the Hoover Moratorium in June 1931 and payments reduced by 90% at the Lausanne Conference in July 1932. The National Socialist government under Adolf Hitler made no payments after it came to power in 1933.

Origins

Problems with the Dawes Plan

The Treaty of Versailles did not set the total amount or the terms for German reparations. It established an interim 20 billion Reichsmarks to be paid through April 1920 and left the full details to be determined by the Inter-Allied Reparations Commission. The Commission drew up the May 1921 London Schedule of Payments that fixed the total sum at 132 billion Reichsmarks. After Germany was declared in default in January 1923, French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr. Germany responded with passive resistance to the occupation, and the government's payments to the idled workers of the Ruhr fuelled the hyperinflation that nearly wrecked the economy. The Dawes Plan of 1924 was drafted to replace the London Schedule.

The Dawes Plan came into effect on 1 September 1924. It reopened the American capital market to Germany, and billions in long-term bonds and short-term loans flowed to the German private and public sectors in roughly equal parts. The economy of the Weimar Republic grew significantly during the Golden Twenties (1924–1929), and in spite of a negative trade balance, there was enough foreign exchange to pay the instalments of the plan. The payments came, however, at the price of a large foreign debt.

All sides began to be more uneasy about the plan from 1927 onwards. Wall Street banks and the United States Treasury grew increasingly concerned that Germany would become overindebted. Since 1924, foreign loans worth more than ten billion Reichsmarks had flowed into Germany. The question arose as to whether private loans or reparations should have priority in the event of a payment crisis.The French government also became increasingly concerned. Since 1919 the United States had been calling for the repayment of the inter-allied war debts incurred by France in 1917 and 1918. France urgently needed loans to stabilise the franc after the inflation of 1924 and 1925, but the American capital market was closed to it as long as the war debt remained unpaid. The matter was settled with the Mellon–Berenger Agreement in April 1926 that established a schedule for French repayment to the United States. The French Chamber of Deputies, however, refused to ratify it until the German reparations issue was settled. Since the money from Germany was to be used for French payments to the United States, France became more willing to agree to a new reparations plan, even to settle for less than the 132 billion gold marks demanded in the 1921 London Schedule of Payments.

Germany was not completely satisfied with the Dawes Plan either. In 1928 the full annual payment of 2.5 billion Reichsmarks was due for the first time. It corresponded to 12.4 per cent of total German government expenditure and 3.3 per cent of national income. If the economy continued to develop positively, the plan's prosperity index would have required an even higher sum, which could have threatened to exceed Germany's ability to pay.

Following extensive diplomatic consultations during the autumn meeting of the League of Nations, the six interested powers – Germany France, Great Britain, Belgium, Italy and Japan – agreed on 16 September 1928 to set up an international commission of experts under the leadership of American economist Owen D. Young to settle the reparations question and at the same time to begin negotiations on the evacuation of the occupied Rhineland. The fourteen international financial experts chosen to draw up the new reparations plan were to be independent and guided only by their economic expertise.

Hague Conference

The governments of the six powers that had commissioned the drafting of the Young Plan agreed to it in principle in June 1929. The foreign ministers of France and Germany, Aristide Briand and Gustav Stresemann, then called for a conference to be held to decide on the final settlement of all questions still arising from the First World War.

At the first session of the Hague Conference from 6 to 31 August 1929, the British chancellor of the Exchequer, Labour Party politician Philip Snowden, demanded an increase of annual reparations payments to Britain by the equivalent of 48 million Reichsmarks. Snowden signalled that he was prepared to let the Young Plan fail if necessary. A solution was reached through shifts within the creditor instalments, above all at German expense, and compromise solutions were found on the question of deliveries in kind. Briand was then prepared to give in on the evacuation of the Rhineland and agreed to 30 June 1930 as the final date for the occupation.

The second session of the conference took place from 3 to 20 January 1930. Issues of a mostly technical nature were clarified, specifically the establishment of the Bank for International Settlements to handle the transfer of reparations payments and the question of whether, as provided for in the Treaty of Versailles, creditors could continue to impose sanctions in the event of a German default. It was agreed that the creditor nations would regain their "full freedom of action" if the International Court of Justice found that Germany was in the process of "tearing up" the Young Plan. The French saw in the statement the chance to fall back on the robust sanctions possibilities of the Versailles Treaty, while the Germans recognised in it merely the freedom of action to which every sovereign state was entitled under international law.

Due to the New York stock market crash of 24 October 1929, which had occurred between the two sessions at The Hague, it had become apparent that for the foreseeable future the American capital market would be unable to pre-finance the entire value of the German reparations debt for the European creditor powers. They had wanted to use mobilisation bonds to be able to repay the inter-Allied war debt to the US in a lump sum. The "New Plan", as the Young Plan was officially called, and the agreement on the evacuation of the Rhineland were nevertheless signed by the heads of government of the six powers on 20 January 1930.

Plan content
The Young Plan provided for a German reparation debt of the equivalent of 36 billion Reichsmarks. It was to be repaid with interest through 1988, resulting in a total sum of 112 billion Reichsmarks. The annual instalments were to rise rapidly from 1.7 billion to 2.1 billion Reichsmarks, falling to 1.65 billion after 1966. Taking 1930 as a basis, Germany would be required to pay annually, on average, the equivalent of about 12 per cent of its exports, 2.5 per cent of its net national product and 7.3 per cent of all public revenues.

The transfer protection of the Dawes Plan was abolished, meaning that in future Germany was responsible for ensuring that the sum raised from tax revenue could be transferred in foreign currency or in kind to the Bank for International Settlements. The institution took over the functions of the Reparation Commission, which was abolished, as was the office of the general agent for reparations payments. The control that the creditor powers had secured in the Dawes Plan over the German National Railway and the Reichsbank were also dropped, as was the prosperity index, which meant that Germany could be sure that it would not have to pay more if the economic situation was favourable.

The deliveries in kind (as, for example, coal), which had often competed with companies in the creditor countries, were to expire after ten years. The remaining payment obligation in foreign currency was divided into an unprotected instalment, which had to be transferred in foreign currency under all circumstances and amounted to a constant 600 million Reichsmarks. The protected instalment, which was more than twice as large, could initially be transferred in Reichsmarks in the event of a "relatively short depression", but the foreign currency had to be delivered within two years. The protected instalment was closely linked to inter-allied war debts through the Concurrent Memorandum that the creditor powers attached to the Young Plan.

On 17 May 1930, the Young Plan came into force retroactively to 1 September 1929. At the same time, the Young bond was put on the market. Germany borrowed 1.47 billion Reichsmarks (300 million gold marks) at 5.5 percent interest for 35 years. Two-thirds of the sum went to the reparation creditors and to support the German economy and one-third to the postal service and the national railway. In spite of the poor capital market after the Wall Street crash, the bond was a success with the international public.

Reactions

France
The Young Plan was mostly welcomed in France. The left-wing and liberal press judged it positively; only on the political right was criticism levelled that the plan and its accompanying withdrawal from the Rhineland affected both the financial and military security of the French Republic.

Since all the governments from 1926 to 1932 were based on the political centre in coalition with the nationalists and right-wing Catholics, difficulties arose in the French parliament. It had not been possible to complete the Young Plan by July 1929, the deadline for ratification of the agreement on inter-allied war debts. Poincaré therefore had to ask the parliament to ratify the Mellon–Berenger Agreement on French debt owed to the United States before Germany had agreed to the Young Plan. Both the political right and the opposition Socialists, who otherwise supported Briand's foreign policy, insisted on linking the two debts, a position that the United States strongly opposed. By a narrow majority, the Chamber of Deputies approved the Mellon–Bérenger Agreement on 12 July 1929 with the reservation that it would only be serviced as long as sufficient reparations were collected from Germany. Since a conditional ratification would not be recognised by the United States, the reservation did not acquire legal force and only the debt agreement became legally binding. Poincaré resigned a few days later.

He was succeeded by Aristide Briand, whose attempt to pass the Young Plan also failed. After he too resigned, André Tardieu of the Democratic Republican Alliance became prime minister. He succeeded on 29 March 1930 in securing a majority for the ratification of the Young Plan. Following the wishes of several deputies of the Republican Federation, he had delayed the parliamentary debate until the German Reichstag had given its approval. The speech of the new finance minister Paul Reynaud expressed a highly positive balance: the Young Plan had put reparations on an equal footing with Germany's private debt and thus secured them, it covered the inter-allied war debts and generated a surplus for the reconstruction of French territories destroyed in the war. Although Versailles' original sum of 132 billion gold marks plus interest had had to be dropped, "the sacrifice is the price of the permanent solution". He did not mention the original goal of mobilising reparations on a large scale and repaying the inter-allied debt as a lump sum because a financial operation of such a magnitude had become impossible after the New York Stock Exchange crash.

After the adoption of the Young Plan, the French sought closer cooperation with Germany. Tardieu told the German ambassador that "conscious rapprochement with Germany" was the goal of his government. With the seemingly permanent solution to the reparations question and the withdrawal from the occupied Rhineland, the last points of contention stemming from the Treaty of Versailles appeared to have been resolved and the way cleared for a secure and peaceful future.

Germany

Although the Young Plan had effectively reduced Germany's obligations, it was opposed by parts of the political spectrum in Germany. Nationalist parties had been most outspoken against reparations and seized on the Young Plan as an issue. A committee was formed of various nationalist groups under the leadership of Alfred Hugenberg, a media baron and head of the German National People's Party. One of the groups that joined was the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler.

The committee's goal was the enactment of what it called the "Law Against the Enslavement of the German People", or in its shortened form, the "Freedom Law". It would renounce all reparations and make it a criminal offense for any German official to sign a treaty that imposed new reparations obligations. It would also renounce the German acknowledgement of war guilt and the occupation of German territory, both of which were terms of the Treaty of Versailles  The Freedom Law proposal was officially presented on 16 October 1929. The committee succeeded in collecting enough signatures to put the proposal before the Reichstag, which voted the bill down by a 318-82 margin. In the subsequent Freedom Law referendum, 94.5% of the votes cast were in favour of the proposed law, but voter turnout was just 14.9%, meaning that only 13.8% of eligible voters had voted in favour of the law. The referendum therefore failed, since it needed 50% of all eligible voters to pass.

The Young Plan was accepted by the Reichstag on 12 March 1930.

Subsequent events

The Wall Street Crash of October 1929 had occurred between the initial agreement and the adoption of the Young Plan. With the severe world-wide economic downturn that heralded the Great Depression, United States President Herbert Hoover won support for a one-year moratorium on reparations payments from 15 nations by July 1931. A final effort to resolve the reparations issue was made at the Lausanne Conference of 1932. It essentially ended Germany's reparations payments.

It is estimated that Germany's total reparations payments up to 1931 came to about 36.1 billion marks.

After Germany's defeat in World War II, an international conference (London Agreement on German External Debts, 1953) decided that Germany would pay the remaining debt only after the country was reunified. West Germany nevertheless paid off the principal by 1980; then in 1995, after reunification, the new German government announced it would resume payments of the interest, including on the Young bonds. Germany was due to pay off the interest to the United States in 2010, and to other countries in 2020. In 2010, Time magazine reported that Germany made "final reparations-related payment for the Great War on Oct. 3, nearly 92 years after the country's defeat by the Allies".

References

External links
Text of the Young Plan as agreed to by the Hague conference on reparations

French Third Republic
Aftermath of World War I in Germany
Economic history of France
History of the foreign relations of the United States
Aftermath of World War I in the United States
1930 in the United States
1930 in international relations
Reparations
1930 in economics
1930 in Germany

Young Plan


Adjo Victoria Climbié (November 2, 1991 - February 25, 2000), better known as Anna Climbié or Victoria Climbié was born in Abobo near Abidjan in the Ivory Coast, and when she was aged seven she was sent by her parents to Europe with her great-aunt Marie Thérèse Kouao for a chance for an education. They travelled first to France, and then to England. In London, Kouao met bus-driver Carl Manning, and she and Victoria moved into his flat in Tottenham in July 1999. Here, Victoria was abused by both Kouao and Manning. She was admitted to casualty on February 24, 2000, unconscious and suffering from hypothermia; she died the next day. The Home Office pathologist noted 128 separate injuries and scars on her body.

Marie Thérèse Kouao and Carl Manning were charged with child cruelty and murder. During police interviews, both claimed that Victoria was possessed. Their trial ran from November 2000 to January 12, 2001. Both were found guilty, and were sentenced to life imprisonment.

Victoria's murder led to a public inquiry, chaired by Lord Herbert Laming, who investigated the role of social services, the NHS and police in her death. The Laming report found that on at least 12 occasions care workers could have saved her life. The highly critical report has lead to further reforms of the way child protection measures are implemented in the U.K., including the creation of a database to keep track of every child in Britain in order to better co-ordinate the notes of doctors and social workers.

Related articles
 Laming report
 child murder
 child abuse

People murdered in London
Murdered children
2000s murders in Europe

Murder of Victoria Climbié


Sebastianus (died before 445 or in 450) was a general of the Western Roman Empire, son-in-law of Bonifacius.

A good soldier and advisor, and an orthodox Catholic, Sebastianus was son-in-law of the powerful Bonifacius, comes Africae in 420s, nominated magister militum praesentalis and patrician by the Empress Galla Placidia in 432. The elevation of Bonifacius disturbed another influential general of the empire, the magister militum praesentalis Flavius Aetius, who had fought and won several campaigns in Gaul; fearing that the promotion of Bonifacius to such an elevated rank (Aetius was not a patrician) would have brought his own dismissal, Aetius took the initiative and attacked Bonifacius, who won the Battle of Ravenna (432) but died from the wounds received.

Sebastianus took the office previously kept by his father-in-law. In the meantime, Aetius fled first to his country estates, then to Rome and, through Dalmatia and Pannonia, reached the Huns, who were his friends (Aetius had spent some years, as a boy, at the Hunnic court as a hostage). When, in 433, Aetius entered Italy with a large Hunnic army, it was clear who was to win the encounter: Sebastianus was deposed and fled to Constantinople, seeking refuge at the Eastern court. Here he obtained the support of influential members of the court; he allowed his supporters to start remunerative pirate activities in Hellespont and Propontis.

In 444, as result of some plots, he was obliged to flee the Eastern court; he reached the Visigothic court of Theodoric I and, from there, he went to Barcelona. Being declared a public enemy by the Romans, he decided to pass from Spain to Africa, where he was welcomed by the Vandal king Geiseric, who, at the beginning, kept Sebastianus as advisor, but later put him to death (450).

A different timeline of the events puts his departure from Constantinople in 435, his arrival in Africa in 440 and his death before 445.

References
Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin, John Robert Martindale, John Morris, "Sebastianus 3", The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, volume 2, Cambridge University Press, 1980, , pp. 983–984.

450 deaths
5th-century Christians
5th-century Romans
Ancient Roman generals
Magistri militum
Ancient Romans from unknown gentes
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown

Sebastianus (magister militum)


Frank Albert Stubblefield (April 5, 1907 – October 14, 1977), a Democrat, represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives.

Stubblefield was born and schooled in Kentucky and attended the University of Arizona for one year in 1927. He received a degree from the University of Kentucky in 1932 and went into business in Murray, Kentucky where he was elected to the city council. Stubblefield served as a lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II.

Stubblefield was elected to the Kentucky Railroad Commission in 1951 and re-elected in 1955.  In 1958 he sought election to the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky's 1st district in the far western part of the state. Stubblefield defeated the incumbent Congressman Noble Jones Gregory in the Democratic primary and won the seat in the general election. After winning the election Stubblefield resigned from the Railroad Commission on December 31, 1958 in preparation for his service in Congress. Stubblefield won election to the House in 1958 and began his service on January 3, 1959.  Stubblefield won re-election seven times, serving eight terms. Stubblefield unsuccessfully sought re-election to his House seat in 1974 but lost in the Democratic primary to state senator Carroll Hubbard who went on to win the general election.

Stubblefield voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

After leaving the House Stubblefield returned to Murray, where he is buried in the Murray City Cemetery. He was a distant cousin of inventor Nathan Stubblefield.

References

1907 births
1977 deaths
Kentucky city council members
Military personnel from Kentucky
People from Murray, Kentucky
University of Arizona alumni
University of Kentucky alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
20th-century American politicians

Frank Stubblefield


Jeffrey Brillhart (born 1955) is an American organist, improviser, and conductor. He has served as director of music and fine arts at Bryn Mawr Presbyterian Church since January 1983. He is music director of Philadelphia's Singing City Choir, one of the first racially and religiously integrated symphonic choirs in America. He teaches organ improvisation at Yale University. He first gained national recognition for his abilities in organ improvisation after winning the 1994 National Competition in Organ Improvisation, sponsored by the American Guild of Organists.

Life
He earned his MM from the Eastman School of Music, where he studied organ with Russell Saunders and piano with Barbara Lister Sink. A native Iowan, Brillhart has served as director of music and fine arts at the Bryn Mawr Presbyterian Church since January 1983. His responsibilities at Bryn Mawr Church include directing the Senior Choir and Bryn Mawr Chamber Singers; oversight of the Vespers Series; oversight of all children and youth choirs; the West Philadelphia Children's Choir, and the church's arts outreach and visual arts ministries. He is the church's principal organist.

In June 1999, Brillhart was appointed the fourth music director of Singing City, having served as associate director in the 1998–99 season, when he worked closely with then Music Director Joseph Flummerfelt. As music director, Brillhart provides artistic leadership for a rich program of concerts, educational instruction in local schools, and outreach to diverse communities. He directs the choir and oversees all aspects of Singing City's musical initiatives. During his tenure with Singing City the choir has traveled to Cuba, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, presented more than one hundred-fifty concerts, performed with the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Chamber Orchestra of Philadelphia, and worked with such internationally renowned artists as Helmuth Rilling, Dave Brubeck, Nick Page, Moses Hogan, Andre Thomas, Anton Armstrong, and Weston Noble, and Rossen Milanov. His organ, teaching, and conducting engagements have taken him throughout America, Europe and South America, with engagements in Paris, Philadelphia, San Diego, Seattle, Birmingham, Alabama, Waco, Chicago, Pittsburgh, New York City, Iowa City, Des Moines, Walla Walla, and Worcester, Massachusetts. In May 2006, he made his Philadelphia Symphony debut in one of the inaugural concerts of the new Dobson Organ in Kimmel Center.

In May 2005, he was appointed lecturer in organ improvisation at Yale University. His textbook, Breaking Free: finding a personal language for organ improvisation through 20th-century French improvisation techniques, is published by Wayne Leupold Editions. His second textbook, "A World of Possibilities: Master Lessons in Organ Improvisation" was published in July 2018 by Wayne Leupold Editions.

External links

American male conductors (music)
American classical organists
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Musicians from Iowa
Eastman School of Music alumni
Musicians from Philadelphia
Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century organists
21st-century American male musicians
1955 births

Jeffrey Brillhart


The chopped cheese, also known as the chop cheese, is a type of sandwich originating from New York City. Found in bodegas throughout Upper Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, and Queens, it is made on a grill with ground beef (typically pre-formed ground beef patties), onions, adobo or other seasonings, and cheese, all of which are chopped together on the grill as the meat and onions cook and the cheese melts. It is served with lettuce, tomatoes, and condiments on a hero roll.

Origin
The actual origins of the sandwich are up for debate, although generally most agree it was first created in a Spanish Harlem bodega called Hajji's Deli, also known as Blue Sky Deli. There is speculation that the sandwich was an adaptation of an Arab specialty,  (), which is essentially cooked chopped meat and vegetables served with Yemeni bread. Hajji's Deli claims a former worker invented the sandwich for himself sometime in the 1990s, after which the concept spread to other bodegas.

The sandwich gained significant media attention in the 2010s, starting with a 2014 episode of Parts Unknown in which Anthony Bourdain, a lifelong New Yorker, told a group of students in the Bronx that he'd never heard of a chopped cheese sandwich. In 2016 a reporter for Insider described the sandwich as "something most New Yorkers had never heard of", despite it being well-known in multiple parts of the city. Those who grew up eating the sandwich at their local bodegas made accusations the sandwich was being "Columbused" -- that is, "discovered" by the majority culture; in this case, lower Manhattanites.  Multiple upscale restaurants and groceries began serving the sandwich, sparking accusations of cultural appropriation. Critics noted that the sandwich, as served in bodegas prior to the interest generated in the media, was generally priced at $4 or $5, while the versions offered by upscale purveyors were often two to three times that.

In popular culture
The chopped cheese has also made its way into hip hop culture, being featured in or the subject of many songs. Harlem rapper Cam'ron filmed his music video "Child of the Ghetto" at Hajji's Deli.

The sandwich has also been the topic of a documentary from website First We Feast. The documentary Hometown Hero: The Legend of New York's Chopped Cheese discusses the origins of the sandwich and its cultural history. In the documentary, the sandwich is referred to as being legendary, and "Harlem's favorite".

See also
 Cheesesteak
 List of American sandwiches
 List of sandwiches

References

External links
First We Feast documentary

American sandwiches
Cheese sandwiches
Cuisine of New York City
Culture of New York City
Beef sandwiches

Chopped cheese


The Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000 is a repealed statute of New South Wales (NSW). The Act was repealed by the Work Health and Safety Act 2011.

The NSW Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000, No 40. (OHS Act) provides the rules and legislation to be abided by all workplaces, to ensure the health, safety and welfare of all persons at work in the state of New South Wales, Australia.

The full OHS Act 2000, including regulations, reviews and amendments can be found at the NSW Legislation website.

Long title
"An Act to secure the health, safety and welfare of persons at work; to repeal the Occupational Health and Safety Act 1983; and for other purposes."

Introduction
The Act was agreed upon on 2 June 2000 and commenced on 1 September 2001. This Act replaced the previous OHS Act 1983 and contains new provisions that require employers to consult with employees on health, safety and welfare matters.
The OHS Act is implemented by WorkCover NSW, and applies to all workplaces in NSW, (except as otherwise stated in the Act). Through WorkCover, industry codes of practice are made under the OHS Act, which provide practical guidance and advice on how to achieve the standards required by the OHS Act and the Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001. The Minister responsible for the OHS Act, including the approval of the codes of practice is the Minister for Finances and Services. The Minister for Resources and Energy is responsible for sections of the Act that relate to coal or mining workplaces
.
The specific roles and functions of WorkCover are set out in the Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998
. WorkCover can also provide assistance, education, and advice on interpretation of guidelines and issuing of guidelines of the OHS Act and related Regulations.

Objectives
The objectives of the OHS Act are:

 to secure and promote the health, safety and welfare of people at work,
 to protect people at a place of work against risks to health or safety,
 to promote a safe and healthy work environment that protects workers from injury and illness and that is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs,
 to provide for consultation and co-operation between employers and employees in achieving the objects of this Act,
 to ensure that risks to health and safety at a place of work are identified, assessed and eliminated or controlled,
 to develop and promote community awareness of occupational health and safety issues,
 to provide a legislative framework that allows for progressively higher standards of occupational health and safety that take account of changes in technology and work practices,
 to deal with the impact of particular classes or types of dangerous goods.

Summary
The Act provides:
 General requirements for health, safety and welfare, which must be met by all places of work in NSW
 Definitions of employees and employers, what classifies as a "risk" at work
 Rules on the duties of the employers and employees to ensure occupational health and safety,
 Rules on the duty to consult on OHS related issues, to provide OHS committees and an OHS representative, and to liaise with a WorkCover representative whenever necessary
 Rules regarding the unlawful dismissal or victimisation of an employee and guidelines on compensation claims
 Industry Codes of Practice
 Guidelines on the appointment of WorkCover Inspectors and the powers of inspectors related to entry onto premises, inspections and representing employees, providing inspection, improvement and prohibition notices
 Guidelines on criminal and other proceedings; penalties and sentencing

Legal Implementation of the OHS Act 2000
Any breaches of the OHS Act and its Regulations may be dealt within a court of Law. The OHS Act may also provide assistance to the Courts in making decisions regarding penalties. For example, in the Industrial Court of NSW, cases were heard regarding an incident at an Oil Seed extraction industry where a bin caught fire, causing explosions which led to the injury of workers and members of the fire brigade, including fatal burns.

Investigations were carried out by WorkCover Australia and prosecutions brought against the Oil Seed Company, Caines Pty Limited and Ors, and the NSW Fire Brigade. The Court found that the employer Caines Pty, the managers of this company and the NSW Fire Brigade had breached Sections 15(1) and 16(1) of the OHS Act and had failed to ensure the health, safety and welfare of their employees. Penalties were decided upon based on section 12 of the OHS Act. A full description of the cases and the outcomes can be found at LawLink NSW - The NSW Industrial Relations Commission Judicial Decisions website

Regulations and related Legislation
To date, only one Regulation has been made under the Act, The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation 2001. This Regulation commenced on 1 September 2001 and applies to all places of work except where otherwise stated in the Regulation. This Regulation consolidates previous Regulations, for example those related to Manual Handling and Hazardous substances.

The Regulation contains guidelines on risk management, workplace consultation, hazardous substances and processes, certification, licenses and permits, among other important matters.

There are many other associated legislation in NSW which also contain legal requirements regarding health and safety at work, including the Workers Compensation and Injury Management legislation, the Dangerous Goods Act 1975 and the Poisons and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966.

It was repealed by the Work Health and Safety Act 2011 as of 1 January 2012.

See also

References

External links
The OHS Act 2000
The OHS Regulation 2001
WHS Policies, Procedures & Compliance In Australia
Workplace Injury Management and Workers Compensation Act 1998
LawLink NSW Inspector Mayo-Ramsay (WorkCover) v Caines Pty Limited & Ors (2006) NSWIRComm 223
LawLink NSW Inspector Mayo-Ramsay (WorkCover Authority of NSW) v The Crown in the Right of the State of New South Wales (NSW Fire Brigades) (2006) NSWIRComm 356

Occupational safety and health law
New South Wales legislation
2000 in Australian law
20th century in New South Wales
Workplace health and safety in Australia
Health law in Australia
2000 in New South Wales

Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000


Union Label Group is a record label based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was formed through the merger of the smaller labels Stomp Records, 2112 Records, and Tyrant Records. Mayday! Records was later created as a genre imprint.

Stomp Records was founded in 1994 by Matt Collyer of The Planet Smashers and Jordan Swift of The Kingpins. The label specializes in third wave ska, and was founded to release All-Skanadian Club Volume 1, a compilation of ska and ska punk from across Canada. Soon after that release, The Planet Smashers released their self-titled debut album and The Kingpins released the "On the Run" EP on the label. In 2000, Stomp Records merged with 2112 Records, a Montreal label that specialized in punk rock, to form Union 2112. Tyrant Records released mod revival, garage rock, and new wave music. This imprint has been discontinued. Mayday! Records are dedicated to Canadian street punk.

Artists

Stomp Records
 The Anti-Queens
The BCASA
 Bedouin Soundclash
 Big D and the Kids Table
Bike Thiefs
 The Brains
 Buck-O-Nine
 The Creepshow
Doghouse Rose
 The Dreadnoughts
 Duotang
 The Expos
 The Flatliners
 The Filthy Radicals
 Gangster Politics
 General Rudie
 The Hunters
 Isotopes Punk Rock Baseball Club
 Jah Cutta
 JFK & the Conspirators
 The Johnstones
 Joystick
 K-Man & The 45's
 King Apparatus
 The Kingpins
 The Know How
 Los Kung Fu Monkeys
 The New City Gamblers
 New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble
 One Night Band
 Paul Cargnello
 Raygun Cowboys
 The Peacocks
 The Planet Smashers
 The Real McKenzies
 The Resignators
 The Saint Alvia Cartel
 Sarah Blackwood
 Skavenjah
 The Stomp All Stars
 Subb
 The Toasters
 The Undercovers
 Voodoo Glow Skulls
 Westbound Train
 Whole Lotta Milka
 Wine Lips

Union 2112
 Ann Beretta
 Belvedere
 Captain Everything!
 Ceremonial Snips
 Death by Stereo
 Down By Law
 Eric Panic
 Fifty Nutz
 Flashlight Brown
 Men O' Steel
 Misconduct
 My Big Wheel
 Nicotine
 Penelope
 Rentokill
 Reset
 Snitch
 Snuff
 The Frenetics
 The Real Deal
 The Resistance
 The Riptides
 X Large

Mayday Records
 Ripcordz

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
 Official website

Canadian independent record labels
Quebec record labels
Record labels established in 1994
Ska record labels
Punk record labels

Union Label Group


Francis Alonzo Dales (December 3, 1923 – March 29, 2003) was a cadet midshipman in the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy who served on the freighter SS Santa Elisa, and subsequently the tanker SS Ohio, during Operation Pedestal, a convoy to the besieged island of Malta in the Second World War. For his actions defending the convoy, considered one of the most important British strategic victories of the war, he was awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal.

Initial training
Dales began his basic training as a cadet midshipman in temporary facilities at Fort Schuyler in February 1942, and became one of the first graduates of the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in its new campus at King's Point.

Background

In summer 1942, supplies on the British occupied Mediterranean island of Malta were running desperately low. There were acute food shortages, but even more serious was the lack of aviation fuel, needed to sustain the dozens of fighter aircraft defending the island against German Luftwaffe and Italian Regia Aeronautica bombing attacks. It was later said that Malta would have been forced to surrender in only sixteen days if fuel had not got through. The British conceived a plan to resupply Malta using fourteen merchant ships escorted by a vast armada of Royal Navy warships; four aircraft carriers, two battleships, seven cruisers and thirty-two destroyers.

Axis forces opposing the convoy included land-based Italian and German aircraft, Italian and German motor torpedo boats, Italian submarines and a force of Italian cruisers, as well as naval mines laid by ships and aircraft in the path of the convoy. There were also hostile shore batteries on some of the coastlines the convoy had to pass.

The most important ship of the operation was the SS Ohio, the only available fast oil tanker. The Ohio, a 9,263 ton tanker, was built on the River Delaware at Wilmington in the United States for the oil giant Texaco, but had been requisitioned and manned by a British crew. In addition to the fuel supplies on the Ohio, several of the merchant ships carried fuel in drums.

Malta was critical to the Allied war effort in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, with submarines and aircraft based there responsible for inflicting huge losses on supply convoys from Europe to Rommel's Axis army facing the British in the Western Desert Campaign in Libya and Egypt. In summer 1942 the Axis forces had advanced far eastwards into Egypt, threatening to reach the Suez Canal and thereby cut Allied communications with India and the Far East. The continued resistance of Malta was key to stopping Rommel, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered that the convoy must "get through at all costs".

SS Santa Elisa

Most of the merchant ships in the convoy were British owned and British crewed. The SS Santa Elisa, a 6,200 ton freighter, was one of two U.S. operated ships. She was carrying 7,000 tons of aviation fuel in drums. Dales had been assigned to the Santa Elisa for sea training. Commanding an anti-aircraft gun on top of the bridge, the most exposed position on the ship with no cover available he took part in the initially successful defence against three days of heavy attacks while steaming eastwards from the straits of Gibraltar towards Malta.

Air attacks were constant and as many as fifteen submarines stalked the freighters in the narrowing straits, but the Santa Elisa would fall to a different foe. In the darkness before daybreak on the fourth day, the Santa Elisa was attacked by two Italian MAS motor torpedo boats. One raked the ship with fire from its heavy machine guns, killing three men from Dales' gun crew, while the other attacked from the opposite side and hit the ship with a torpedo. Dales successfully fired back and hit and sank the first attacking boat, but the aviation fuel carried by the Santa Elisa had been ignited by the torpedo hit, and the crew were forced to abandon the blazing ship about 25 miles southeast of Cape Bon in Tunisia, and still 90 miles short of Malta. Dales and other survivors were picked up two hours later by the Royal Navy destroyer HMS Penn.

SS Ohio

By this time the Ohio had already become the primary focus for Axis attacks on the convoy, having been torpedoed by the Italian submarine Axum and hit by successive waves of dozens of Stuka dive bombers which attacked continuously for five hours. The torpedo had caused catastrophic damage and initially brought the ship to a dead stop, while near misses from bombs caused further damage and put some of the ship's defensive armament out of action. The crew were twice forced to abandon ship as further air attacks caused yet more damage.

HMS Penn, with Dales still aboard, was one of several British destroyers that came alongside the Ohio to render assistance. The crews made attempts to tow the crippled tanker, before eventually sandwiching it between HMS Penn and HMS Bramham in order to drag it along while preventing it from sinking. Seeing that one of the Ohio'''s anti-aircraft guns could be repaired, another survivor from the Santa Elisa, junior third officer Frederick August Larsen, boarded the ship. Dales and four British crewmen volunteered to go with him. Between them, they were successful in bringing the gun back into action.

Dales and the other crew members then operated the gun as the ungainly gaggle of ships struggled slowly towards Malta. The three ships became an obvious target for the Axis aircraft and torpedo boats, and endured an ever increasing series of attacks. In the chaos, all but one of the British aircraft carriers supporting the convoy had been either sunk or seriously damaged, reducing the number of aircraft available to defend it. Dales and the other gunners were successful in driving off most of the attacks, despite more bombs hitting the ship and two downed aircraft even crashing on the tanker's deck. With the Ohio now critically damaged and her deck awash, they inched within range of the protection of British Spitfire and Beaufighter fighters flying from Malta.

The Ohio finally reached the Grand Harbour at Valletta in Malta on August 15, 1942, and her vital cargo of fuel was safe. Four of the surviving freighters had reached Malta the day before, but all the rest were lost, out of fourteen merchant ships that originally set out. The convoy's arrival was described by some historians as having changed the course of World War 2. The captain of the Ohio, Dudley William Mason, was awarded the George Cross. The arrival, welcomed by huge crowds of people lining the harbour and waving British and Maltese flags, coincided with the Feast of Santa Marija, and Operation Pedestal became known in Malta as the Santa Marija Convoy. The Ohio was damaged beyond repair and never undertook another voyage. It was inducted into the National Maritime Hall of Fame of the American Merchant Marine Museum in 2008.

Distinguished Service Medal
On May 22, 1943, National Maritime Day in the US, Dales was awarded the Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal in front of 2,300 other cadet midshipmen at the United States Merchant Marine Academy, for his bravery in defense of the convoy, described as "heroism beyond the call of duty". Dales was only the third Cadet Midshipman ever to receive the medal.

Later life
Dales was interviewed in connection with the 60th anniversary celebration of Operation Pedestal in 2002, and said that he would always remember the Maltese people's grateful response to his actions on board the Ohio''. Dales died  in Augusta, Georgia, USA, on March 29, 2003. He was inducted into the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy's National Maritime Hall of Fame in 2009, one year after the ship he had defended received the same honor.

References

Bibliography
At All Costs: How a Crippled Ship and Two American Merchant Mariners Turned the Tide of World War II, Sam Moses, Random House, 2007.

External links
 2009 Video interview of another SS Ohio crewman and World War 2 video footage

1923 births
2003 deaths
United States Merchant Marine Academy alumni
United States Merchant Mariners of World War II

Francis A. Dales


Lion Forge Comics was an American comic book publisher founded in 2011 by David Steward II and Carl Reed, with headquarters formerly located in St. Louis, Missouri. The company had a strong focus on culturally diverse creators and stories. In 2019, it became an imprint label following the company's merger with Oni Press. The merged company, Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group, is owned by Polarity. As of 2022, the Lion Forge name is now "largely dormant with Oni Press (as Oni-Lion Forge Publishing Group) taking over the publishing side of things".

Company history

Lion Forge
Lion Forge Comics was founded in 2011 by David Steward II and Carl Reed to give ethnically diverse creators an outlet to create ethnically diverse characters. The company began as a digital publisher but experimented with print comics when digital sales began to plateau industry wide. Initially, Lion Forge worked on developing their own original properties. However, the company picked up NBCUniversal 1980s properties Airwolf, Knight Rider, Miami Vice, Punky Brewster, and Saved by the Bell. In 2012, the company launched its initial titles, and followed that up with American Greetings properties Care Bears, Madballs, and Packages from Planet X.

By 2014, Lion Forge had staff in New York and Los Angeles in addition to its headquarters in St. Louis. In mid 2014, the company announced a children's line, Roar Comics, would launch with six titles. They also announced IDW Publishing would publish and distribute print version of their comic books.

In July 2016, general counsel Geoff Gerber was promoted to president taking over from founder David Steward, who was named founder/publisher. Plus, additional editors and sale and marketing staff were also hired.

It expanded its print line in the Fall of 2016 with the CubHouse imprint for grades pre-K through 12, splitting that age group off from Roar Comics. Both lines would be under Andrea Colvin as senior editor. By late 2017, it had grown to 30 employees located in St Louis, Chicago, and New York City, with many employees remote working, and with Geoff Gerber as the company president. On Free Comic Book Day 2016, May 6, Lion Forge launched its superhero universe line, Catalyst Prime, under senior editor Joe Illidge with a single issue.

The company began to grow through acquisitions in 2016. In early October 2016 it purchased Magnetic Press, renaming it as Magnetic Collection. In October 2017, it purchased the New York City-based comic journalism site Comics Beat. Steward created a subsidiary called Syndicated Comics to control assets and content generated by Comics Beat.

Following Hurricane Harvey in 2017, Lion Forge partnered with Book Industry Charitable Foundation to help comic book retailers who needed aid. A benefit book to aid  Puerto Rico's recovery from Hurricane Maria has been announced for 2018.

In early 2018, the company was showcased in a discussion on racial representation in comics at Trinity University in anticipation of the release of the film Black Panther. Steward II founded the media company Polarity the same year "to help develop Lion Forge characters outside comics". OPB reported that Lion Forge "quietly rolled out" Polarity "as a holding company and investment platform for animation and other pop culture content products".

In February 2018, Lion Forge Comics indicated that it would enter the picture book market with a line under its CubHouse imprint that would hit the stands in May with two original picture books. In May 2018, Lion Forge announced its middle reader imprint, Caracal, with its first titles to hit the stand in late 2018. Lion Forge announced in June 2018 the Quillion imprint for tabletop gaming inspired stories to debut in September 2018.

In November 2018, after a year of rapid expansion in staff and focus, the company laid off twelve out of approximately sixty employees primarily in editorial, in a restructuring move.

Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group
On May 8, 2019, Oni Press announced a merger with Lion Forge Comics with the merger negotiated by Polarity. Newsarama reported that "in March 2019, Oni was the 10th ranked publisher on Diamond's Direct Market market share chart with 0.74% in dollar share and 9th in unit share with 0.64%. Lion Forge was not ranked in the top 10". The two companies merged into the Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group (OLFPG) and became a subsidiary of Polarity. Oni Press and Lion Forge remained as imprint labels. All editorial, marketing, and production operations were moved to Portland – where Oni Press was headquartered – from St. Louis, where Lion Forge was headquartered. Joe Nozemack stepped down as president of Oni Press and, per Polarity, "moved into an unspecified 'board and advisory' role"; James Lucas Jones, of Oni Press, remained as publisher and became president of OLFPG. Multiple layoffs due to the merger were also reported. OPB reported that "Lion Forge cut ties with editor-in-chief Andrea Colvin, associate editor Christina "Steenz" Stewart, editor Jasmine Amiri, senior editor Amanda Meadows and Kayla Tan, a production and logistics coordinator".

Asher Elbein, for The Daily Beast, reported that the layoffs included queer women, women of color, and employees who "had accessibility requests or accommodations with Oni under the Americans with Disabilities Act". Elbein wrote that "at a time when indie comics companies like Oni have publicly committed to inclusivity, the fallout from the merger has been particularly ugly, and has provoked greater scrutiny of the Portland-based companies' workplace practices". Karama Horne, for SyFy Wire, commented that "not only were the layoffs swift and seemingly unexpected, but it also seemed as if the majority of those let go are women and people of color. In the current social climate, the optics are not the best, but then again, Lion Forge boasts a higher percentage of women, minorities, and LGBTQ artists, staff, and even characters compared to other profitable indie comics publishers in the industry". Steward II said to Horne: "I think a lot of people have read into the situation the wrong way. [...] But there are things that we have to do, unfortunately, from a business standpoint to make sure that the organization stays healthy and that we're able to continue to keep on our mission going forward".

The company now uses the Oni–Lion Forge Publishing Group (OLFPG) name for business matters, however, "Oni Press has become the predominant name used for publishing comics by the" company and "while the Lion Forge name still exists, it is largely dormant with Oni Press (as Oni-Lion Forge Publishing Group) taking over the publishing side of things". In 2021, the animation unit Lion Forge Animation had a first look deal with the sports network APGS. In June 2021, Sarah Gaydos stepped down as editor-in-chief; Jones became interim editor-in-chief.

On June 29, 2022, it was revealed that Jones and Charlie Chu, vice president of creative & business development, were fired by Polarity. On July 14, The Beat reported that a staff purge continued with the company laying off "some of the most prominent members of its staff, including senior VP of sales and marketing Alex Segura, sales manager Henry Barajas, and senior editor Amanda Meadows" and editor Jasmine Amiri. The Beat commented that this was "the biggest public bloodbath in comics since DC Comics' layoffs last year".

Lines
Lion Forge has several imprints aimed at different demographics. CubHouse is Lion Forge Comics' imprint for children ages 8 and under. It publishes graphic novels and picture books. The imprint's first picture books released in May 2018 were Oothar the Blue by author-illustrator Brandon Reese and This Is a Taco! by Andrew Cangelose, illustrated by Josh Shipley. The Caracal imprint focuses on material for audiences aged 8–12. The first title under the imprint was released in late 2018. Young adults and teens are targeted by the Roar Comics imprint. Some of its tiles include Lighter Than My Shadow and The Castoffs. The imprint was founded in 2014 with six titles, Care Bears, Punky Brewster, Saved by the Bell and original comics such as Roboy, Crystal Cadets and MER. Fans of role playing games are the intended audience for the Quillon imprint, which releases comics inspired by tabletop role playing games. The first title, Rolled & Told, was released in September 2018. Each issue includes a ready-to-play adventure.

Catalyst Prime
Joe Illidge, who began his career at the minority-focused comic publisher Milestone Media in 1993, was hired as Senior Editor to oversee the superhero imprint Catalyst Prime in June 2016. In 2017, he told the Washington Post he wanted to focus on diverse characters and creators, but that he did not want the line to be defined by that focus. In a listicle of the best Black comics for the Stillwater News-Press, Lawrence Ware praised this line for "its dedication to authentic, three-dimensional portrayals of the lead characters".

Comics in this line are set in a shared universe where superpowers are triggered by events following an asteroid approaching Earth. The initial seven ongoing series in the imprint are Noble, Accell, Superb, Incidentals, Asthonisher, Kino and Summit. The next two series were Quincredible and the crossover event Seven Days.

Magnetic Collection
Lion Forge acquired Magnetic Press in October 2016 and renamed it the Magnetic Collection. The collection is a cross-imprint brand line of curated material. Mike Kennedy, Magnetic Press Publisher and President, moved over with the purchase as Creative Director of the Magnetic Collection. Some of these titles are A Glance Backward, Doomboy, the Love trilogy, Warship Jolly Roger and Wasted Lands Omnibus.

References

External links

 Magnetic Press

2011 establishments in Missouri
Comic book publishing companies of the United States
Publishing companies established in 2011

Lion Forge Comics


LE is a text editor which appears something like the Norton Editor, but has many additional features:
 Rectangle select/copy/paste (block type is switchable)
 Search/replace with regular expressions
 Filtering block contents through an external program
 Linear multilevel undo/redo
 Customizable menus
 Color syntax highlighting (using regular expressions in an external file)
 Handles UTF-8 characters, based on locale settings
 Customizable keymaps for different terminal types (associating either literal strings or terminfo capability names)
 Hexadecimal editing mode
 Editing of mmap'd files or devices in replace mode
 Frame drawing mode (first seen in Lexicon)
 File selection box (inspired by Turbo C)
 Built-in postfix calculator.

It uses ncurses for display, mouse and part of the keyboard handling.  The application has a built-in table of key assignments for xterm, rxvt and some less familiar terminal types.

History
According to the HISTORY file in its sources, Alexander V. Lukyanov started writing it in 1993 while using a BESTA machine. Over the next four years, he rewrote it into C++, and published it in 1997 under the GNU General Public License.

References

External links
FSF abstract for LE
GitHub

Free text editors
Free software that uses ncurses
Free software programmed in C++
Software that was rewritten in C++

LE (text editor)


Virginia Gordon (born October 28, 1936, in Chaplin, West Virginia) is an American model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for the January 1959 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Ron Vogel.

Gordon's most significant film, in terms of cinema history, is 1962's Tonight for Sure, as it marks the directorial debut of Francis Ford Coppola.

Acting career

Gordon's acting roles were confined to appearing, mostly sans wardrobe, in a string of obscure sexploitation films produced for the adults-only grindhouse circuit. Her first three films, Once Upon a Knight (1961), written by Bob Cresse, Surftide 77 (1962), directed by Lee Frost, and Tonight for Sure (1962), directed by Francis Ford Coppola, were standard "nudie cutie" comedies typical of the early sixties.

In 1968, Olympic International (created by the writer-director team of Frost and Cresse) produced the "roughie" thriller [[The Animal (1968 film)|The Animal]]. Gordon has her most substantial and realistic role as a single mother terrorized and turned into an abused sex slave by a psychopath. That same year she starred in another Frost/Cresse film, Hot Spur, a violent roughie western in which her character suffers similar abuse.

Her last two films Acapulco Uncensored and The Muthers (both from 1968) were softcore "nudies" from prolific skinflick director Donald A. Davis.

Filmography
 The Muthers (1968) .... Lois
 Acapulco Uncensored (1968)
 Hot Spur (1968) .... Susan O'Hara
 [[The Animal (1968 film)|The Animal]] (1968) .... Joan Clark
 Tonight for Sure (1962)
 Surftide 77 (1962) .... Vultura
 Once Upon a Knight (1961) .... Lady Lauri

See also
 List of people in Playboy 1953–1959

References

External links

1936 births
Living people
1950s Playboy Playmates

Virginia Gordon


William Ernest Chesney Allen (5 April 1894 – 13 November 1982) was a popular English entertainer of the Second World War period. He is best remembered for his double act with Bud Flanagan, Flanagan and Allen.

Life and career
Allen was born in Brighton, Sussex, in 1894, married Aleta Cosette Turner in Leeds in 1926 and died in Midhurst, West Sussex, in 1982.

He began his career in straight acting, making his debut in stock at the Wimbledon Theatre, London, in 1912. Serving in Flanders in the First World War, he made friends with Bud Flanagan, and but they did not work together until 1926, touring with a Florrie Forde show called "Here's to You". As music hall comedians they would often feature a mixture of comedy and music in their act and this led to a successful recording career and roles in film and television. Flanagan and Allen were also members of the Crazy Gang and worked together in that team for many years.

Flanagan and Allen's songs featured the same, usually gentle humour for which the duo were known in their live performances, and during the war reflected the experiences of ordinary people during wartime. Songs like "We're Going to Hang Out the Washing on the Siegfried Line" mocked the German defences (Siegfried Line), while others like "Miss You" sang of missing one's sweetheart during enforced absences. Other songs such as their best-known "Underneath the Arches" (which Flanagan co-wrote with Reg Connelly) had universal themes such as friendship, which, again, helped people relate to the subject matter. The music was usually melodic, following a binary verse–verse–chorus structure, with a small dance band or orchestra providing the backing. The vocals were distinctive because, while Flanagan was at least a competent singer and sang the melody lines, Allen used an almost spoken delivery to provide the harmonies.

Flanagan and Allen stopped performing together with Chesney Allen's retirement on health grounds in the late 1950s following the penultimate season of the Crazy Gang's show at the Victoria Palace Theatre in London (his place for the final season was taken by 'Monsewer' Eddie Gray), although he continued working in theatrical management and returned to make occasional guest appearances. His last recording was for the album of the stage show Underneath the Arches in 1982.

Chesney Hawkes is named after Chesney Allen.

Selected filmography
 Wild Boy (1934)
 O-Kay for Sound (1937)
 Alf's Button Afloat (1938)
 We'll Smile Again (1942)
 Theatre Royal (1943)
 Dreaming (1944)
 Here Comes the Sun (1946)
 Dunkirk (1958)
 Life Is a Circus (1960)

External links

Notes

1894 births
1982 deaths
English entertainers
English male comedians
Music hall performers
Male actors from Brighton
20th-century English comedians
British male comedy actors
British military personnel of World War I
Comedians from Sussex

Chesney Allen


Emmett Norman Leith (March 12, 1927 in Detroit, Michigan – December 23, 2005 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) was a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and, with Juris Upatnieks of the University of Michigan, the co-inventor of three-dimensional holography.

Leith received his B.S. in physics from Wayne State University in 1949 and his M.S. in physics in 1952.  He received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Wayne State in 1978. Much of Leith's holographic work was an outgrowth of his research on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) performed while a member of the Radar Laboratory of the University of Michigan's Willow Run Laboratory beginning in 1952.  Leith joined the University of Michigan as a research assistant and was promoted to graduate research assistant in 1955, research associate in 1956, research engineer in 1960, associate professor in 1965, and full professor in 1968.

Professor Leith and his coworker Juris Upatnieks at the University of Michigan displayed three-dimensional hologram at a conference of the Optical Society of America in 1964.

Honors and awards

He received the 1960 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award and the Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1969. In 1975 he was awarded the William F. Meggers Award by the Optical Society. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter awarded Leith with the National Medal of Science for his research.  He was awarded the 1985 Frederic Ives Medal by the OSA.

References

 Schwartz, John.  "Emmett Leith, 78, a Pioneer in the Development of Holography, Dies", The New York Times.  January 6, 2006.  Retrieved January 8, 2006.
 Emmett N. Leith Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

American electrical engineers
1927 births
2005 deaths
3D imaging
Holography
Synthetic aperture radar
Fellows of Optica (society)
National Medal of Science laureates
University of Michigan faculty
Wayne State University alumni
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Scientists from Detroit
Scientists from Michigan
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American scientists

Emmett Leith


Suzan Kay DelBene (née Oliver;  ; born February 17, 1962) is an American politician and businesswoman who has been the United States representative from Washington's 1st congressional district since 2012.

DelBene was the 2010 Democratic nominee for U.S. representative for  and narrowly lost to incumbent Republican Dave Reichert. In 2012 she won the general election in Washington's redrawn 1st district against Republican John Koster, while simultaneously winning the election for the remainder of the term in the 1st district under the pre-2012 boundaries, a seat left vacant by the resignation of Jay Inslee.

DelBene chairs the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and is a former chair of the New Democrat Coalition.

Early life and education
DelBene was born in Selma, Alabama, the fifth child of Barry and Beth Oliver. At a young age, her family moved to Newport Hills in Bellevue, Washington. Later they moved to Mercer Island. In an autobiographical video, DelBene described her family's trouble paying bills and the hardship they faced after her father, a longtime airline pilot, lost his job. After fourth grade, her family moved around the country in search of work.

After graduating from The Choate School, a prep school in Wallingford, Connecticut, DelBene went to Reed College, where she earned a bachelor's degree in biology. She then continued her education at the University of Washington, earning a master's degree in business administration.

Business career
From 1989 to 1998 DelBene worked at Microsoft, where she was director of marketing and business development for the Interactive Media Group, marketing and sales training for Microsoft's Internet properties, and other business development and product management roles with Windows 95 and early versions of Microsoft's Internet Explorer Web browser. In 1998 she left to help found drugstore.com and serve as a vice president. In 2000, she became CEO of Nimble Technology, leading it through its acquisition by Actuate in 2003. In 2004, she returned to Microsoft as corporate vice president of the Mobile Communications Business until 2007. From 2008 to 2009, she was a management consultant and strategic advisor to Global Partnerships, a nonprofit supporting microfinance and sustainable solutions in Latin America. DelBene was named as the director for the Washington State Department of Revenue on November 30, 2010, replacing outgoing director Cindi Holmstrom.

U.S  House of Representatives

Elections

2010

In 2010 DelBene ran for the U.S. House of Representatives as a Democrat against the incumbent in the 8th congressional district, Dave Reichert, a Republican. According to DelBene's campaign website, the economy was her top priority. She was endorsed by the Seattle Times and the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, as well as several Democratic politicians.

DelBene faced Reichert in the general election, after coming in 2nd in the primary voting. In Washington, the top two advance. She lost to Reichert in the general election on November 2. She was named Washington State Revenue Director by Governor Christine Gregoire on November 30.

2012

DelBene ran for Congress again in 2012. She won the Democratic nomination for the redrawn 1st district, previously represented by Jay Inslee, which became more competitive due to redistricting. Inslee had resigned in March to focus on his campaign for governor. DelBene ran in two elections that day against Republican John Koster—a special election for the last two months of Inslee's seventh term (held in the boundaries of the old 1st), and a regular election for a full two-year term. She defeated Koster in both, winning the special election with 60% of the vote and the regular election with 54%. Her victory margin in the regular election was wider than expected, considering that the district was about six points less Democratic than its predecessor. On November 13, she was sworn in as the district's representative for the remainder of the 112th Congress, giving her a leg up in seniority over all but a few other representatives first elected in November 2012 for the 113th Congress.

DelBene spent $2.8 million of her own money in a race in which she raised over $4 million, in a Congressional race that became the most expensive in Washington state history.

2014

DelBene defeated Republican nominee Pedro Celis with 55% of the vote.

Committee assignments
House Ways and Means Committee (Vice Chair)

Caucus memberships
New Democrat Coalition (Chair)
Caucus on Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality Technologies (Co-Chair)
Digital Trade Caucus (Co-Chair)
Internet of Things (IoT) Caucus (Co-Chair)
Congressional Kidney Caucus (Co-Chair)
MedTech Caucus (Co-Chair)
Congressional Dairy Farmers Caucus (Co-Chair)
Reality Caucus (Co-Chair)
Women's High Tech Coalition (Co-Chair)
Congressional Pro-Choice Caucus
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
Veterinary Medicine Caucus
LGBTQ Equality Caucus
Diabetes Caucus
U.S.-Japan Caucus

Policy positions

DelBene is one of the leaders of the Pro-Choice Caucus and supported access to reproductive health care by serving on the Select Committee to Investigate Planned Parenthood, which was established under former Speaker Paul Ryan in 2015.

DelBene voted to provide Israel with support following 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.

Electoral history

Personal life
DelBene's husband, Kurt DelBene, has served as Assistant Secretary for Information and Technology and CIO at the Department of Veterans Affairs since November 2021. He was previously Chief Digital Officer and EVP of Corporate Strategy, Core Services Engineering and Operations at Microsoft Corporation, and led the effort to fix the Healthcare.gov website at President Barack Obama's request.

DelBene is a practicing Episcopalian.

See also
 Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

External links

 Congresswoman Suzan DelBene official U.S. House website
 Suzan DelBene for Congress

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1962 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American Episcopalians
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Washington (state)
Episcopalians from Washington (state)
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Living people
Microsoft employees
People from Bellevue, Washington
People from Newcastle, Washington
Politicians from Selma, Alabama
Protestants from Washington (state)
Reed College alumni
University of Washington Foster School of Business alumni
Women in Washington (state) politics

Suzan DelBene


The slippery slope argument is an argument that a small step will or must lead to a certain chain of events. The hypothetical chain of events leads to a significant (usually negative) result. So unintended consequences follow the first step in the chain of events.

An example of this is the domino effect theory. During the Vietnam War, many people in the United States believed that if Vietnam were to unite and become communist, then the rest of Southeast Asia would eventually become communist too, unless the United States got involved in actively stopping communism.

A slippery slope argument can also be a slippery slope fallacy. Fallacies are statements that sound reasonable but are actually logically flawed or sometimes even dishonest. Whether or not a slippery slope argument is a fallacy depends on whether it becomes true necessarily or just in practice. In many cases it just acts as a warning, and readers have to use common sense as to its truth value. So, strictly speaking, these are fallacies only in the sense that they pretend certain consequences will follow, when in reality the consequences merely may follow.

A more specific example is the argument that:

 If I do not not pass the exam, then I will not pass the class.
 If I do not pass the class, then I will not graduate college.
 If I do not graduate college, then I will not get a good job.
 If I do not get a good job, then I will live on the streets.
 If I live on the streets, then I will die young.

If any of the steps is unsound, then the whole argument is unsound. Step number 3 may or may not be true, but since the argument says step number 3 will happen, the whole argument is not sound.

References

Logical fallacies

Slippery slope


The Sentinel Plain is an extensive northwest–southeast trending plain south of the Gila River Valley in southwestern Arizona, USA. It is centered on the community of Sentinel, Arizona located on Interstate 8, approximately  west of Gila Bend.

The Sentinel Plain is about  long and on the north-northwest, it borders the Hyder Valley and the farming community of Hyder on the Gila River. To the northeast is Painted Rock Reservoir and the Painted Rock Mountains. The south and southwest of the Sentinel Plain is bordered by the Crater Range; the east and southeast is bordered by the White Hills, and the Saucedo Mountains. Midway Wash drains into the center of the plain southeast-northwesterly, but disappears into the ground about 10 miles southeast from the Gila River. The west and southwestern border of the plain contains the northwest-flowing Tenmile Wash-(which also succumbs to ground disappearance, but adjacent to the Gila), and the northwest trending Crater Range.

See also
Sentinel Plain volcanic field

Plains of Arizona
Landforms of Maricopa County, Arizona
Landforms of Yuma County, Arizona

Sentinel Plain


Stellar engines are a class of hypothetical megastructures which use the resources of a star to generate available work (or, in other words, to generate energy). For instance, they can use the energy of the star to produce mechanical, electrical or chemical work or they can use the impulse of the light emitted by the star to produce thrust, able to control the motion of a star system. The concept has been introduced by Bădescu and Cathcart. The variants which produce thrust may accelerate a star and anything orbiting it in a given direction. The creation of such a system would make its builders a type-II civilization on the Kardashev scale.

Stellar engines are different megastructures from the Dyson spheres, which are not specifically designed to generate available work.

Classes
Three classes of stellar engines have been defined.

Class A (Shkadov thruster)

One of the simplest examples of a stellar engine is the Shkadov thruster (named after Dr. Leonid Shkadov, who first proposed it), or a class-A stellar engine. Such an engine is a stellar propulsion system, consisting of an enormous mirror/light sail—actually a massive type of solar statite large enough to classify as a megastructure—which would balance gravitational attraction towards and radiation pressure away from the star. Since the radiation pressure of the star would now be asymmetrical, i.e. more radiation being emitted in one direction as compared to another, the "excess" radiation pressure acts as net thrust, accelerating the star in the direction of the hovering statite. Such thrust and acceleration would be very slight, but such a system could be stable for millennia. Any planetary system attached to the star would be "dragged" along by its parent star. For a star such as the Sun, with luminosity 3.85 W and mass 1.99 kg, the total thrust produced by reflecting half of the solar output would be 1.28 N. After a period of one million years this would yield an imparted speed of 20 m/s, with a displacement from the original position of 0.03 light-years. After one billion years, the speed would be 20 km/s and the displacement 34,000 light-years, a little over a third of the estimated width of the Milky Way galaxy.

Class B
A class-B stellar engine consists of two concentric spheres around a star. The inner sphere (which may be assimilated with a Dyson shell) receives energy from the star and becomes hotter than the outer sphere. The difference of temperature between the two spheres drives thermal engines able to provide mechanical work.

Unlike the Shkadov thruster, a class-B stellar engine is not propulsive.

Class C
A class-C stellar engine, such as the Badescu–Cathcart engine, combines the two other classes, employing both the propulsive aspects of the Shkadov thruster and the energy generating aspects of a class-B engine. A higher temperature Dyson shell partially covered by a mirror combined with an outer sphere at a lower temperature would be one incarnation of such a system. The non-spherical mirror ensures conversion of light impulse into effective thrust    (like a class-A stellar engine) while the difference of temperature may be used to convert star energy into mechanical work (like a class-B stellar engine).  Notice that such system suffers from the same stabilization problems as a non-propulsive shell, as would be a Dyson swarm with a large statite mirror (see image above). A Dyson bubble variant is already a Shkadov thruster (provided that the arrangement of statite components is asymmetrical); adding energy extraction capability to the components seems an almost trivial extension.

Caplan thruster
Astronomer Matthew E. Caplan of Illinois State University has proposed a type of stellar engine that uses concentrated stellar energy (repurposing the mirror statites from class A) to excite certain regions of the outer surface of the star and create beams of solar wind for collection by a multi-Bussard ramjet assembly. The ramjets would produce directed plasma to stabilize its orbit and jets of oxygen-14 to push the star. Using rudimentary calculations that assume maximum efficiency, Caplan estimates that the Bussard engine would use 1012 kg of solar material per second to produce a maximum acceleration of 10−9 m/s2, yielding a velocity of 200 km/s after 5 million years and a distance of 10 parsecs over 1 million years. While theoretically the Bussard engine would work for 100 million years, given the mass loss rate of the Sun, Caplan deems 10 million years to be sufficient for a stellar collision avoidance. His proposal was commissioned by the German educational YouTube channel Kurzgesagt.

Svoronos Star Tug
Alexander A. Svoronos of Yale University proposed the 'Star Tug', a concept that combines aspects of the Shkadov thruster and Caplan engine to produce an even more powerful and efficient mechanism for controlling a star's movement. Essentially, it replaces the giant parabolic mirror of the Shkadov thruster with an engine powered by mass lifted from the star, similar to the Caplan engine. However, instead of pushing a star from behind with a beam of thrust, as the Caplan engine does, it pulls the star from the front via its gravitational link to it, same as the Shkadov thruster. As a result, it only needs to produce a single beam of thrust (toward but narrowly missing the star), whereas the Caplan engine must produce two beams of thrust (one to push the star from behind and negate the force of gravity between the engine and the star, and one to propel the system as a whole forward). The result is that the Svoronos Star Tug is a much more efficient engine capable of significantly higher accelerations and max velocities. The Svoronos Star Tug can, in principle (assuming perfect efficiency), accelerate the Sun to ~27% the speed of light (after burning enough of the Sun's mass to transition it to a brown dwarf).

See also

 Dyson spheres in popular culture
 Dyson spheres

References

 Stellar engine (article at the website of the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight)
 Solar Travel (Astronomy Today, Exploration Section)

Megastructures
Hypothetical technology
Interstellar travel
Hypothetical spacecraft
Engine

Stellar engine


Rodolfo Elizondo Torres (born July 18, 1946 in Durango) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the .

Elizondo Torres holds a bachelor's degree in administration from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM).

Political career
Elizondo has been a member of the PAN since the early 1980s.  In 1983 he was elected municipal president (mayor) of Victoria de Durango.  In 1986 and again in 1992 he unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Durango.

Elizondo has served in both houses of the Mexican Congress; from 1988 to 1991 and  from 1994 to 1997 he served in the lower house, then from 1997 to 2000 he served in the Senate of Mexico during the LVII Legislature.

President Vicente Fox designated Elizondo first as presidential spokesperson and then, on July 29, 2003 as Secretary of Tourism.

Mexican President elect Felipe Calderón re-designated Elizondo as Secretary of Tourism for his Administration. He left this position in 2010.

In 2009 he was responsible for launching the "Welcome Back" campaign to regain the trust of travelers affected by the Swine Flu scare. He re-activated cruise ship arrivals to Mexican ports only one month after the swine flu threat became public.

References

1946 births
Living people
Politicians from Durango
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Municipal presidents in Durango
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Mexican Secretaries of Tourism
Mexican people of Basque descent
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education alumni
20th-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican politicians
People from Durango City

Rodolfo Elizondo Torres


Saroj Raj Choudhury was an Indian environmentalist, wildlife conservationist, writer and the first Forest Conservator under the Government of Odisha. He was also the founder director of the Simlipal National Park, in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha. Choudhury was known for the pugmark technique he employed for tiger census and for his comradeship with Khairi, a domesticated tigress. His experiences with the animal has been documented in a book, Khairi: The Beloved Tigress, written by him and published in 1977. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1983.

Biography
Saroj Raj Choudhury, born in Odisha, started his career as a forest officer in Government of Odisha service and rose in ranks to become a wildlife conservation officer, the first person to occupy the post. Later, he was transferred as the head of the Forest Research Institute, founded in 1878 by the German forester, Dietrich Brandis. When Simlipal Tiger Reserve was established in 1972, Choudhury was made its founder field director and the head of Project Tiger with his headquarters in Baripada.

1974 was a landmark year in Choudhury's life when the Kharia tribals brought a female tiger cub found near the Khairi river. He and Nihar Nalini Swain, took the cub into their care and converted their quarters at Jashipur in such a way to accommodate the wild animal. The cub, named Khairi after the river she was found near, remained with the couple for number of years even after it was full grown. They also reared several other wild animals at their residence such as a crocodile, a bear cub named Jumbu, a blind hyena called Baina and a mongoose, all of them roamed free in his courtyard.

Choudhury was credited with several initiatives in the field of wildlife conservation. He was the first to introduce the pugmark methodology for the census of tigers in India, a technique he introduced while heading the first tiger census in India in 1972 which later became a popular method used all over India. Based on his observations of Khairi and by maintaining a daily log of Khairi's movements, he conducted research on the behaviour patterns of tigers, especially on the topic of pheromones, which helped the later day research of R. L. Brahmachary on the subject. He also introduced the use of tranquilizers for capturing wild tuskers. His studies have been documented by way of several papers published in journals and his autobiographical book, Khairi, The Beloved Tigress.

Choudhury had close ties with other conservationists such as Salim Ali, who supported the initiative to establish Khairi Wildlife Institute, which did not materialise, allegedly due to disinterestedness shown by the authorities. The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1983. Choudhury, did not survive Khairi for long, after the tigress was euthanised by an overdose of tranquilizers when she contracted rabies from a dog bite.

Bibliography

See also

 Project Tiger
 Simlipal National Park

References

External links

Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Writers from Odisha
Indian conservationists
Indian non-fiction environmental writers
20th-century Indian biologists
Scientists from Odisha
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers

Saroj Raj Choudhury


Rules of the Game is a how-to book about dating and seduction published in 2007 by American writer Neil Strauss. A follow-up to his autobiographical work The Game: Penetrating the Secret Society of Pickup Artists, Rules of the Game was also a New York Times Best-Seller.

Rules of the Game was originally released as a two volume hardcover set. The first volume entitled "The Stylelife Challenge" consists of a 30-day instructional dating improvement program. The second section, "The Style Diaries" continues the tone of The Game and includes additional autobiographical stories from Strauss's involvement in the "pick-up" community. Later paperback printings incorporated a third section, "The Routines Collection," detailing scripts for successful interactions with women.

References

2007 non-fiction books
Dating
Seduction

Rules of the Game (book)


Kurt Marti (31 January 1921 –11 February 2017) was a Swiss theologian and poet. His poetry often has theological and religious aspects to it. He was also known for dialect literature said to have intellectual quality. Marti was born in Bern.

Marti died on 11 February 2017 in Bern at the age of 96.

References

1921 births
2017 deaths
Swiss poets
Swiss theologians
Writers from Bern

Kurt Marti


Kate Gale (born 1963) is an American author, poet, librettist, and independent publisher. She is the managing editor of Red Hen Press.

Life
Kate Gale was born in Binghamton, New York to Stephen Gale and Evadene Swanson.  She graduated with a B.A. in English from Arizona State University.  She received an M.A. in English with a creative writing emphasis from California State University Northridge in 1990 and a Ph.D. in English from Claremont Graduate University in 2003.

Career

Gale, along with her husband Mark E. Cull, founded Red Hen Press in 1994. Gale is the managing editor of Red Hen Press; the editor of the Los Angeles Review, which is also part of Red Hen Press; and the past president of the Los Angeles chapter of the American Composers Forum.  She was the 2005-2006 president of PEN USA and serves on the board of the School of Arts and Humanities of Claremont Graduate University and Poetry Society of America. She teaches in the Low Residency MFA program at the University of Omaha  and at the MFA in Creative Writing Program at San Diego State University. Gale is an author for HuffPost.

Works

Gale's work began with Blue Air, a book of poetry published by Garden Street Press, San Luis Obispo.  She published three collections of poetry with Red Hen Press: Where Crows and Men Collide, Selling the Hammock, and Fishers of Men.  Mating Season was published by Tupelo Press in 2004.  She has also written the librettos to two operas.  Rio de Sangre, with composer Don Davis, was showcased at Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2005, by the New York City Opera VOX in May 2007 and had its world premiere on October 22, 2010 with the Florentine Opera Company in Milwaukee.  Paradises Lost, co-written with Ursula K. Le Guin with composer Stephen Taylor, was showcased at the New York City Opera VOX in 2006. In 2014, Kate published two poetry collections: Goldilocks Zone, by the University of New Mexico Press, and Echo Light, by Red Mountain Press—winner of the Red Mountain Press Editor's Award. 2016 saw the appearance of The Palm Trees Are Restless: Five Poems of Kate Gale, a song cycle by composer Mark Abel released on the Delos label. The piece is a setting of texts from Echo Light sung by soprano Hila Plitmann.

Awards

 Allen Ginsberg Poetry Award
 Claremont Graduate University Fellowship
 Mitchell Lathrop Fellowship
 Red Mountain Press Editor's Award

Bibliography
The Loneliest Girl (University of New Mexico Press, 2022)
Echo Light (Red Mountain Press, 2014)
Goldilocks Zone (University of New Mexico Press, 2014)
The Crucifix is Down (Red Hen Press, 2005) (ed.)
Mating Season (Tupelo Press, 2004)
Fake-City Syndrome (Red Hen Press, 2002) (ed.)
Lake of Fire (Winter Street Press, 2000)
Blue Cathedral (Red Hen Press, 2000) (ed.)
Fishers of Men (Red Hen Press, 2000)
African Sleeping Beauty (Blue Beginnings Publishing, 2000)
Selling the Hammock (Red Hen Press, 1998)
Anyone is Possible (Red Hen Press, 1997) (ed.)
Where Crows and Men Collide (Red Hen Press, 1995)
Water Moccasins (Title Wave Press, 1994)
Blue Air (Garden Street Press, 1993)

Librettos
Rio de Sangre with composer Don Davis
Paradises Lost with Ursula K. Le Guin and composer Stephen Andrew Taylor
Inner Circle adapted from the novel by T. C. Boyle with composer Daniel Felsenfeld
Che Guevara with composer Andrew Bayola
The Web Opera with composer Michael Roth
Gargoyles with composer Julia Adolphe

References

External links
 Red Hen's Website
 Rio de Sangre site
 American Composer's Forum site
 University of Nebraska News site

20th-century American poets
American opera librettists
Women opera librettists
American publishers (people)
American political writers
1965 births
Living people
Writers from Binghamton, New York
Arizona State University alumni
California State University, Northridge alumni
Claremont Graduate University alumni
American librettists
Poets from New York (state)
American women poets
Women librettists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American poets

Kate Gale