Hot Lake Hotel (also known as Hot Lake Resort) is a historic Colonial Revival hotel originally built in 1864 in Hot Lake, Union County, Oregon, United States. The hotel received its namesake from the thermal spring lakes on the property, and operated as a luxury resort and sanitorium during the turn of the century, advertising the medicinal attributes of the mineral water and drawing visitors worldwide. It is also the first known commercial building in the world to utilize geothermal energy as its primary heat source.

After a fire burned down over half of the hotel in 1934, the remaining building was used for various purposes, including a retirement home, asylum, and a nurse's training school during World War II. After that, operations were intermittent under various owners before the building's abandonment in 1991. The hotel and surrounding structures were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

Today, it is operated as a hot springs resort, pub, and theater. Previous restoration done by the Manuels. Prior owners included future governor Walter M. Pierce and former state senator Parish L. Willis.

Background

The hot springs that make up Hot Lake themselves rest at the foot of a large bluff, and were often used by Native Americans before settlement and colonization occurred in the area; the lake was named "Ea-Kesh-Pa" by the Nez Perce. It is thought by historians that Hot Lake was one of the first thermal springs to be visited by European settlers, and the springs themselves were documented by Washington Irving in his recording of Robert Stuart's explorations during the Astor Expedition in 1812. Irving wrote in his record:

Emerging from the chain of Blue Mountains, they descended upon a vast plain, almost a dead level, sixty miles in circumference, of excellent soil ... In traversing this plain, they passed, close to the skirt of the hills, a great pool of water, three hundred yards in circumference, fed by a sulphur spring, about ten feet in diameter, boiling up in one corner. The place was much frequented by elk, which were found in considerable numbers in the adjacent mountains, and their horns, shed in the spring-time, were strewed in every direction around the pond.

After the Oregon Trail expedition brought settlers into the area, the land surrounding the lakes was utilized as a cattle ranch, and was purchased by a sailor named Tommy Atkins. An apocryphal story claiming that Atkins was cured of numerous health ailments after falling into the spring was published in The Oregonian in 1914 in a piece detailing the hotel's history. The lake's spring bubbles nearly a half-million gallons of water each day, and the average temperature of the lake is around 200°F (93°C).

History

1864–1906: Initial construction
In 1864, Samuel Fitzgerald Newhart, a native of California, arrived in the Grande Ronde Valley, and constructed the original wooden structure on the lake, which faced toward the bluff rather than outward toward the lake. The structure was similar to the contents of a modern-day shopping mall, containing a post office, blacksmith, dance hall, barber shop, bath house, and several other businesses.

By 1884, the Union Pacific Railroad commenced its construction, running near Hot Lake. In 1903, the original wooden structure was demolished, and construction began on a new hotel and various bath houses. Dr. Phy became involved with the project in 1904, and a brick structure intended for use as a hospital began construction.

1907–1933: Heyday

Well-renowned architect John V. Bennes of nearby Baker City has been attributed to the architectural design of the building, reminiscent of the Colonial era; Bennes also designed numerous buildings on the Oregon State University campus, as well as several buildings in Portland. In 1908, the main brick wing of the hotel was completed, which alone comprised 65,000 square feet. The construct featured a Georgian-style U-shape with a solarium facing the bluff. The building was heated with the geothermal waters, and was the first known commercial property in the world to use geothermal heating.

Upon its re-opening, the hotel housed a total of 105 guest rooms, a 60-bed surgical ward, a ballroom, a barber shop, confectionery, drug store, news stand, reception rooms, laboratories, and a commissary. The hospital featured state-of-the-art soaking tubs supplied by the lake water, as well as an operating room complete with an elevated observation deck, and a 1,500-guest dance hall. The hotel came to be known by locals as "The Town Under One Roof," and was a mostly self-sufficient property, producing its own vegetables, dairy products, meats, and eggs.

In 1910, the hotel grossed $178,811 in yearly revenue, and the use of the building's geothermal heating system reportedly saved $15,000 per year in heating costs. In 1911, a show barn was built on the property, and in 1912, the Central Railroad of Oregon built a  line from Richmond directly to the hotel, which marked the beginning of the building's heyday. In 1917, Dr. W.T. Phy purchased the hotel and resort, renaming it "Hot Lake Sanitorium". The building was from then on known not only as a resort for the rich, but also as a hospital for the ill; the geothermal mineral waters from the springs were used and experimented with to help treat patients and guests, making the resort a pioneering figure in western experimental medicine.

By 1924, the hotel had become a major tourist attraction, attracting visitors worldwide. The Mayo brothers, founders of the Mayo Clinic, were frequent visitors to the hotel, as well as Wild Bill Hickok. Staffing fifteen nurses, four physicians, an X-ray technician, and a bacteriologist, the hotel garnered a reputation as "The Mayo Clinic of the West."

A promotional advertisement from the Oregon Pacific Railroad promoted the purported healing properties of the waters, stating:

[Hot Lake Hotel] is the largest, hottest, and most curative springs known; best bathing facilities, most courteous attendants; first-class medical and surgical conveniences; finest operating room in the west; steam heat, electric lights; hot and cold water throughout the building

Other advertisements touted the drinking of the water as relieving a variety of ailments, as well as claiming mud baths and poultice made with lake sediment as being beneficial for treatment of rheumatism.

1934–1990: Fire and decline

Dr. Phy, the central manager and owner of the property, died in 1931 of pneumonia. On May 7, 1934, a fire destroyed the majority of the building's west wing, completely demolishing the wood structures of the hotel; the  brick portion of the building, however, survived the fire. Prior to the fire, the building had contained nearly 300 rooms and dining areas for over 1,000 guests. From then on, business at the hotel declined, and eventually the hospital area on the third floor was the only functioning business.

A flight school and nurse's training center was established at the hotel in 1939 during World War II, and U.S. Route 30 was later built, with Oregon Route 203 branching off of it and running right by the front of the hotel grounds. In 1941, the property was acquired by A.J. Roth, and was converted into a nursing home for the aged in 1951, and later an asylum. The building functioned as the asylum and rest home until 1974 when ownership of the building changed, and a short-lived restaurant and night club was opened, which operated unsuccessfully for two years; rumors of hauntings plagued the building from the late 1970s onward.

In the mid-1980s, Dr. Lyle Griffith purchased the property and used one corner of the hotel as a bath house; by 1991, the bath house closed down, and the hotel was abandoned, falling prey to local vandals and the elements; however, an RV park constructed in 1989 operated adjacent to the hotel.

1991–2002: Abandonment
The building sat abandoned and decrepit for over a fifteen-year period, in spite of having been purchased by the Seattle-based B.B.R. Holdings corporation. Various stories circulated concerning reported hauntings in the hotel— it has been rumored to be haunted by vacationers, a gardener who committed suicide, and residents who lived in the building during its use as an insane asylum. When the hotel was originally constructed it acquired a piano formerly owned by Robert E. Lee's wife, which was said to play all by itself up on the third floor.

Other reports of screaming and crying were reported by owner Donna Pattee and caretaker Richard Owens coming from the hospital's surgery room, as well as rocking chairs moving at their own accord; Pattee and her husband owned the property in the 1970s when it was a restaurant; both they and Owens lived on the second floor of the building at the time. Local rumors and legend concerning the hotel were pervasive, and in 2001 the property was featured on the ABC documentary series The Scariest Places on Earth.

2003–present: Restoration
In 2003, the building, which was literally falling apart, was purchased from Charles and Louise Rhea by David Manuel. Restoration began soon after; the building was greatly dilapidated, with all 368 windows broken and/or missing, and a sparsely-remaining roof. After two years of construction, it was opened to the public for tours in 2005, while individual guest rooms were still being sponsored and renovated. In 2008, the west wing of the building collapsed. the building previously functioned as a bed and breakfast, with dozens of restored rooms, a spa, restaurant, and a museum. The hotel's original pool was covered with landscape.

The hotel is part of the Hot Lake Resort, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

In culture
In addition to its appearance on The Scariest Places on Earth, the hotel was also used as a shooting location for a music video by musician Laura Gibson.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Union County, Oregon
Reportedly haunted locations in Oregon

References

Bibliography

Further reading
 Roth, Richard R.  The Hot Lake Story (2008)  Heritage Quest Press, Orting, Washington
 Roth, Richard R.  The Hot Lake Story - Heritage Supplement  (2011)  Heritage Quest Press, Orting, Washington
 Roth, Richard R.  The Hot Lake Story - 2012 Supplement  (2012) Heritage Quest Press, Orting, Washington
 Roth, Richard R.  The Central Railroad of Oregon - Oregon's Blue Mountain Route  (2015)  Heritage Quest Press, Orting, Washington

External links

Hot Lake Springs (official website)
"Hot Lake Springs: A reminder of gentler times" from USA Today
Images of Hot Lake Hotel from the University of Oregon Digital Archives
Oregon Historic Sites Database: Hot Lake Resort
Oregon Historic Sites Database: Hot Lake Resort Bath House

1864 establishments in Oregon
Art museums and galleries in Oregon
Buildings and structures in Union County, Oregon
Colonial Revival architecture in Oregon
Defunct hospitals in Oregon
Hotel buildings completed in 1868
Hotel buildings completed in 1908
Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Hot springs of Oregon
Museums in Union County, Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Union County, Oregon
Reportedly haunted locations in Oregon
Shingle Style architecture in Oregon
Tourist attractions in Union County, Oregon
Bed and breakfasts in Oregon

Hot Lake Hotel


The Samaria Ostraca are 102 ostraca found in 1910 in excavations in Sebastia, Nablus (ancient Samaria) led by George Andrew Reisner of the Harvard Semitic Museum. Of the 102, only 63 are legible. The ostraca are written in the paleo-Hebrew alphabet, which very closely resemble those of the Siloam Inscription, but show a slight development of the cursive script. The primary inscriptions are known as KAI 183–188.

These ostraca were found in the treasury of the palace of Ahab, king of Israel (Samaria) and probably date about his period, 850–750 BC. They are currently held in the collection of the Istanbul Archaeology Museums.

Description

They are written on fragments of five different types of vessels—large thick amphorae, with a drab or grey surface; large thin amphorae, with a drab or grey surface; jugs of soft brown ware with a reddish slip; basins of the same ware; and bowls of coarse ware with a red or yellow slip, all of these presumably being vessels that were used in receiving and storing the revenue. Sherds with a smooth surface or a slip would naturally be preferred for writing.

These ostraca are evidently part of a somewhat clumsy method of book-keeping. Either they were a "day-book," notes of daily receipts to be written up in some form of "ledger" afterwards; or they were the sole record kept of the amount of wine and oil received in various years from various places. It is possible they were written and handed in by the payer, not by the receiver.

All of them began with a date, such as "In the ninth, tenth, or fifteenth year" presumably of the reign of Ahab. This is followed by the amount and quality of wine or oil received, with the name of the place where it came from and of the giver, such as "in the tenth year wine of Kerm-ha-Tell for a jar of fine oil" where evidently wine was accepted in place of fine oil. "A jar of old wine" and "a jar of fine oil" are the most usual descriptions.

Examples
Ostracon No. I contains a list of amounts paid in by five people. It reads : IN THE TENTH YEAR. To SHEMARYAU. FROM BEER-YAM Jars of Old Wine. Rage', son of Elisha'......  'Uzza, son of ( ) .. i Eliba, son of ( ) i Ba'ala, son of Elisha...... i Yeda 'Yau, son of ( ) .. i

Ostracon No. 2 is a similar document: IN THE TENTH YEAR. To GADDIYAU. FROM AZAH Jars of Old Wine. Abi-ba'al Ahaz .. Sheba' Meriba'al

Ostracon, No. 18 In the tenth year. From Hazeroth to Gaddiyau. A jar of fine oil.

Ostracon, No- 30 In the fifteenth year. From Shemida to Hillez (son of) Gaddiyau. Gera (son of) Hanniab.

Samaria Ostracon, No. 55 In the tenth year. (From the) vineyard of Yehau-eli. A jar of fine oil.

Names of places
Some names are of the villages or districts, and others are names of the peasant farmers who paid their taxes in the form of jars of wine. Of the places mentioned on these Ostraca, Shechem is the only one that can be identified with a text occurring in the Hebrew Bible (Christian Old Testament). In Kerm-ha-Tell, and Kerm-Yahu-'ali, the word Kerm must mean " the village, or vineyard," Tell means "mound", maybe referring to modern Tulkarm in Samaria. Six of these place-names occur in the Hebrew Bible as "tribal subdivisions of Manasseh", in Joshua 17:2. and :
Abi-'Ezer
Khelek
Shechem
Shemida'
No'ah
Hoglah

The names of the seventeen places occurring on these Ostraca are:
Abi-'ezer
Azat Par'an (?)
Azzo, possibly the current village of Azzun
Beer-yam
Elmatan, possibly Immatain
Gib, possibly the current village of Gaba or Jaba'
Haserot, possibly Asira ash Shamaliya
Yasot, possibly the current village of Yasid
Kerm-ha-Tell, possibly the current town of Tulkarm
Sepher, possibly the modern-day Saffarin
Shemida'
Shiftan, possibly the current village of Shoufa
Kheleq
Khoglah
No'ah Shekem
Shereq

Names of royal officials
These names are preceded by the word " to," indicating that they were the recipients. The names occurring are:

Ba'alzamar (cf. Baal-saman, Stele of Zakir)
Akhino'am
Shemaryau
Gaddiyau
Isha Akhimelek—/ Isha, son of Akhimelek
Nimshi (?)
Bedyau (?)
Akhima
Kheles
Kheles Gaddiyau—i.e., Kheles, son of Gaddiyau
Kheles Afsakh—/.*., Kheles, son of Afsakh
Khanan Ba'ara
Gomer
Khanndno 'ana
Yeda'yau
Yeda'yau Akhimelek—; Yeda'yau son of Akhimelek

Most of these names sound very unusual and un-Biblical. In form they recall more strongly names occurring in the Tell-el-Amarna Letters and the records of Thothmes III's conquests in Syria.

Names of taxpayers
Some of the names of taxpayers on these sherds are:

Names with "son of."
Rage' Elisha
'Alah Ela
Gera Khaimi'ab
Ye'ush of Yasheb (?)
Ba'al combinations
Ba'ala of El Mettan
Ba'ala Elisha
Ba'al B(asalme'oni ?)
Isha Ba'al'azkar
Abi-Ba'al
Meri-ba'al
Ba'ala Za(kar)
Single
Eliba
Akhima
Akhaz
Sheba
Qedar of Saq
Uzza
Kheles of Khaserot
Akhzai of Khaserot
"Yau" Combinations
Yeda'yau
Gera Yauyosheb. (Gera son of Yauyosheb)
Mafna-yau Natao (son of) of Yasot
Abed-yau. (Servant of Yau)
Abi-yau. (Child of Yau)
Marnayau Gaddiyau. (Marnayau son of Gaddiyau)

In these personal names unfamiliar as most of them are, we are struck at once with the fact that Ba'al occurs in their formation with as great frequency as Yahveh or Yah appears
in Biblical names of the Kingdom of Judah. It is significant of the influence of Sidonian worship of Ba'al in the Northern Kingdom. Yet, if the syllable "yau" is part of the word
Yahveh, with "h" dropped out, it would appear that in some families the worship of Yahveh is also reflected in the family name.

These lists of names bear clear testimony as to the co-existence of Ba'al worship alongside of the worship of Yahveh in Northern Israel.

On the sherds found, the only years mentioned are the ninth, tenth, fifteenth, and seventeenth, and the only materials are wine and oil.

Biblical names
The names Kheles, Akhinoam, Akhimelek, Kha-nan, Ba'ara (female), Gomer (female), Meribaal, are all Biblical, while Gaddiyau and Shemaryau are the northern forms of Gedaiah and Shemariah. Some of the Ba'al combinations are of course, Phoenician—e.g., Ba'alzamar. The names Abiba'al,
Ahaz, Sheba9 Elisha, 9Uzza, Ela, Gera, Rafa, and Natan (Nathan), are all Biblical.

As no complete jar seems to have been found, it is impossible to say what the quantities were, nor can we say whether the jar of oil and the jar of wine were equivalent in value. The
inscribed jar-handles of revenue jars found on Ophel appeared for several reasons to belong to jars of no great size, but here again no complete jar was found. No inscribed jar-handles, such as were found at Tel Gezer and the Ophel, were found at Samaria.

See also
List of artifacts significant to the Bible
Arad ostraca
Lachish letters

Bibliography
 Noegel, Scott B. "The Samaria Ostraca.", The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources, Blackwell (2006), 396–399.
 Duncan, J.Garrow. "Digging Up Biblical History Recent Archeology In Palestine And Its Bearing On The Old Testament Historical Narratives".

References

9th-century BC inscriptions
8th-century BC inscriptions
1910 archaeological discoveries
Hebrew inscriptions
KAI inscriptions
Ancient Israel and Judah
Ostracon
Collection of the Istanbul Archaeology Museums
Archaeological artifacts

Samaria Ostraca


Mendonk is a veelage in the Belgian province o East Flanders, a pairt o the urban aurie o the province's caipital ceety Ghent.

It is situatit near the canal that connects the ceeties o Ghent an Terneuzen, which puts Mendonk in the middle o an industrial aurie. Its population is 243 (2007).

Submunicipalities o Ghent

Mendonk


St. Thomas' Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Church in Owings Mills, Baltimore County, Maryland, part of the Diocese of Maryland. It is noted for its historic parish church, built in 1743.

History
Construction was authorized in 1742 by the Province of Maryland to provide a "Chapel of Ease" for early inhabitants of the Garrison Forest. Rev. Thomas Craddock was appointed first minister on January 14, 1745.

On April 13, 1782, The Rev. John Andrews returned to Maryland from York, Pennsylvania to become rector of the church, known at the time as St. Thomas Church in Garrison Forest, a position he held until 1784. Early members included Christopher Gist, John Eager Howard (for whom the nearby Howard County is named), Sequoyah, and his mother, Wut-teh.

Architecture
The original building, built in 1743 of salmon red brick, was a 56 x 36 foot (17 x 11m) rectangle. Eight windows with round arch tops lighted the building, four on each of the long walls. These retain much of their original 1743 glass. There were also three similar windows on the short liturgical west wall and a small window near the peak of the roof. (The building sits on an angle, so that liturgical west is actually southwest.) The entrance was in the liturgical south wall. It had a wide, brick paved, center aisle  and white box pews, both of which remain.

In the late 19th century, the door in the south wall was removed and an entrance created by removing the center window from the west wall. In 1891 transepts and a small, barrel shaped, chancel were added, changing the simple rectangle into a cruciform. There are lancet windows in the east end, one created by John LaFarge depicting the Ascension. A Tiffany window was added later. The transepts have rose windows in yellow, brown, green and colourless glass.

In 1970, a major restoration of the church was accomplished. This included the addition of a narthex to the liturgical west, providing access both to the church and to a new basement.

Historical credentials
 A roadside plaque was erected 1936 by Maryland State Roads Commission. Inscription reads "A frontier parish church authorized by Act of Assembly 1742 as "a Chapel of Ease for the Forest Inhabitants" of Saint Paul's Parish (Baltimore). Reverend Thomas Craddock inducted as first minister January 14, 1745."
The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1979, reference number 79001117.

Graveyard
The cemetery contains the graves of many of the area's prominent people. Many date back to the 18th century, although most of the older markers are unreadable.

Notable burials
 Hetty Cary, best remembered for making the first three battle flags of the Confederacy (along with her sister and cousin).
 Samuel Owings, who is buried there, was a successful miller for whom Owings Mills was named.
 Edgar Allan Poe (1871–1961), Attorney General of Maryland and quarterback of Princeton Tigers
 Sam Shoemaker, born in the parish and who helped found Alcoholics Anonymous.

Gallery

See also
 List of post 1692 Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland

References

External links

, including photo from 1979, at Maryland Historical Trust

Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Churches completed in 1743
Episcopal church buildings in Maryland
Churches in Baltimore County, Maryland
Georgian architecture in Maryland
Anglican parishes in the Province of Maryland
18th-century Episcopal church buildings
Buildings and structures in Owings Mills, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore County, Maryland
1743 establishments in Maryland

St. Thomas Church (Owings Mills, Maryland)


The right of survivorship is a right attached to an asset such as a home or a bank account which is jointly owned. When one of the owners dies, the surviving owner(s) get the asset. The asset is then excluded from the estate. In other words, it is not part of the will of the person who died. It becomes the property of the surviving owner(s).

References

Property law

Right of survivorship


Merkato (Amharic: መርካቶ; Italian: "market") is a large open-air marketplace in the Addis Ketema, district of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and the name refers to the neighborhood in which it is located.

Overview
Mercato is the largest open-air market in Africa, covering several square miles and employing an estimated 13,000 people in 7,100 business entities. The primary merchandise passing through the Merkato is locally grown agricultural products — most notably coffee.

Prior to the current Mercato, there was an open marketplace in Addis Ababa near St. George Church at the site where the City Hall stands now, but it ended with the Italian occupation of the 1930s. The occupiers moved the market further west to the area around the premises of Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis Dinagde, which they named Merkato Dinagde. Thus, the present Addis Merkato was founded by the segregationist policies of the Italian occupational government.

Meanwhile, the Italians restricted the historic St. George Merkato to Europeans, renaming it Piazza, which featured European-style shops that displayed commodities through glass windows. The mostly Arab tradesmen who owned stores there eventually relocated a half-mile to the west. Over time, local shopkeepers displaced the Arab merchants and, since the 1960s, the Addis Merkato has had a mostly local flavor. The Mercato Dijino did not have any plan and gradually grew in width and breadth taking different categorical stocks called "terras".

References

 Zewde, Bahru. (1991) A History of Modern Ethiopia. London: James Currey.

External links

 Economy of Addis Ababa
 Buildings and structures in Addis Ababa
 Retail markets in Ethiopia

Addis Mercato


Richard Brooks (May 18, 1912 – March 11, 1992) ó jẹ́ àkọ̀wé ẹ̀ro Alagbátà ti American, òlùdarí fiimu,nkòwé àti aṣagbejade fiimu. Wọ́n yan fún oscars

mẹ́jò nìdí isẹ rẹ́rwọ́n mọ s r Blackboard Jungle (1955), Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), Elmer Gantry (1960; for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay), In Cold Blood (1967) and Looking for Mr. Goodbar (1977).

Brory, Mayer Sulzberger Junior High Schooll

g the name Richard Brooks professionally. He changed his name legally in 1943.

joined the staff of the Atlantic City Press-Union. He moved to New York to work for the World-Telegram; shortly afterward he took a job with radio station WNEW for a larger paycheck. As a newsman for the station, he reported and read stories on the air and provided commentary.

he film industry. He also may have been trying to escape a marriage; a legal document indicates he was married at least part of the time he lived in New York.

contributed to a few films and wrote two screenplays for the popular actress Maria Montez, known as the "Queen of Technicolor.e Corps in 1943 during World War II.

Brooks never served overseas during the war, instead working in the Marine Corps film unit at Quantico, Virginia, and at times at Camp Pendleton, California. In his two years in uniform he learned more about the basics of filmmaking, including writing and editing documentaries. He also found time to write a novel, The Brick Foxhole, a searing portrait of some stateside soldiers who were tainted by religious and racial bigotry, and opposed to homosexuals. In 1944 he divorced his wife, then known in films as Jean Brooks. Later he said he had been a self-centered husband and unsuitable for what she needed.

His book was published in 1945 to favorable reviews. It was adapted as the film Crossfire (1947) with the homosexual element removed. It was the first major Hollywood film to deal with anti-Semitism, receiving an Oscar nomination. The novel drew the attention of indepeMark Hellinger, who hired Brooks as a screenwriter after he left the Marines.

Working for Hellinger brought Brooks back to the film industry and led to a long friendship with actor Humphrey Bogart, a close friend of the producer. Brooks provided an uncredited screen story for The Killers (1946), which introduced actor Burt Lancaster. He wrote the scripts for two other Hellinger films, notably Brute Force (1947), also starring Lancaster. After Hellinger died suddenly in 1947, Brooks wrote screenplays for three Warner Brothers films, including Key Largo (1948), starring Bogart and wife Lauren Bacall and directed and co-written by John Huston, another Brooks mentor. Huston and Brooks had both worked together previously in the uncredited rewrite for The Killers, and Huston would be the only co-writer Brooks ever had. While filming Key Largo, Huston allowed Brooks to be on the Key Largo set during shooting, so that he could learn more about directing a Hollywood film.

Brooks wrote two more novels shortly after the war, The Boiling Point (1948) and The Producer (1951), a thinly disguised portrait of Mark Hellinger. It may also have contained autobiographical elements about Brooks. In 1946 he married again, to Harriette Levin, who had no apparent connection to the film industry. Their marriage lasted until 1957, when she sought a default divorce.

Writing and directing at MGM
Success as a screenwriter with Hellinger and Warner Brothers led Brooks to a contract with MGM and the promise of a chance to direct. He wrote two screenplays for the studio before he was given the opportunity. His first film as writer and director, Crisis (1950), starred Cary Grant as a brain surgeon forced to save the life of a South American dictator, played by José Ferrer. His second film, The Light Touch (1951), an art-theft caper film starring Stewart Granger, was shot in Italy.

Brooks recounted useful advice he received just before his directorial debut from cinematographer Karl Freund while speaking at the American Film Institute. Freund gave Brooks reels of 16mm film, calling them "Lesson Number One." When Brooks watched the reels at home, he saw that they were pornography. The next day, Freund explained: "I produced them. My pictures, 1922. Many times you will be wondering, do you put the camera here, or up here, or down here? Maybe you make the scene a little bigger, or a little smaller. Lesson Number One. Get to the fucking point."

Brooks came into his own when he directed an original screenplay, Deadline – U.S.A. (1952), for 20th Century-Fox, starring his friend Humphrey Bogart. Based on the closing of the New York World, the film was part gangster picture, part newspaper drama. At its core was an issue Brooks cared about: the consolidation of the newspaper industry and its effect on the diversity of voices in the press. The film remains one of the more highly regarded dramas about American newspapers.

Brooks directed four more films before achieving an unqualified hit with Blackboard Jungle (1955) starring Glenn Ford. Based on a best-seller by Evan Hunter, tahe film was shocking for its time in its presentation of juvenile delinquency. It also offered a career-making supporting role for  black actor, Sidney Poitier, and early roles for actors Vic Morrow, Jamie Farr and Paul Mazursky. Brooks chose to begin and end the film with the song "Rock Around the Clock", bringing rock 'n' roll to a major Hollywood production for the first time and sparking a No. 1 hit for Bill Haley and the Comets. Blackboard Jungle was nominated for an Oscar for its screenplay, and was MGM's top moneymaker that year.

In 1955, Brooks was one of four American auteur filmmakers named as "rebels" by the French magazine Cahiers du Cinéma. Box-office success was what gave the writer/director more freedom at MGM, but Brooks also recognized that he would never have complete control of his films while under contract. He determined to avoid writing original screenplays and focused on adaptations of best-sellers or classic novels. He later noted that adapting a novel gave him a head start on developing the story structure required for a screenplay.

He spent the rest of the decade at MGM, where his most notable film was an adaptation of Tennessee Williams's sexually charged play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958). A huge hit for MGM – it drew more money and a larger audience than any other film Brooks ever directed – the film revived the career of Elizabeth Taylor and made a star of Paul Newman. It brought Brooks his first Oscar nomination for directing and the first Best Picture nomination in his directorial career.

Independent writer-producer-director
Brooks spent the last third of his film career working in relative independence. In 1958, he signed a non-exclusive, seven-year writer-director deal with Columbia Pictures that was to earn him over $1 million. He followed the success of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof with an independent production for United Artists of Elmer Gantry (1960), based on the novel by Sinclair Lewis. The story of a phony preacher, played by Burt Lancaster, and a sincere revivalist, played by Jean Simmons, was edgy for the time. As it had for Blackboard Jungle and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, controversy accompanied the film's release and helped bring people to theaters. The movie received five Academy Award nominations, including one for best picture, and won Oscars for Lancaster as lead actor, for Shirley Jones as supporting actress, and for Brooks' script.

Brooks adapted and directed another Tennessee Williams play, Sweet Bird of Youth (1962). Ed Begley won a Best Supporting Oscar for his role in the film. While popular and well-received critically, the MGM production did not duplicate the success of the previous Williams film. A dream project followed, an adaptation for Columbia Pictures of Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim (1965), but the lavish film proved to be a misfire at the box office and with most critics. Brooks had spent years writing the script and planning the most expensive project of his career. He had assembled a stellar cast led by Peter O'Toole, Eli Wallach, Jack Hawkins, Paul Lukas, and James Mason. While beautifully photographed in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia by Freddie Young and scored by Bronisław Kaper, Lord Jim did not find the audience that had made David Lean's epics Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago such notable hits of the 1960s.

To recover professionally from the failure of Lord Jim, Brooks surprised Hollywood by choosing to adapt a minor western novel about a wealthy husband who hires mercenaries to rescue his kidnapped wife from Mexican bandits. Brooks worked quickly and within a year released The Professionals (1966), which became Columbia's biggest hit that year. The slick crowd-pleaser starred Burt Lancaster, Lee Marvin, Robert Ryan and Woody Strode as "the professionals" with Jack Palance as the bandit leader and Claudia Cardinale as the kidnapped wife. The film received Oscar nominations for Brooks' screenplay and direction, and for Conrad Hall's cinematography. It has been lauded as one of the most entertaining westerns ever filmed.

Brooks landed the property of the decade when author Truman Capote selected him to adapt his best-selling book In Cold Blood. Once again rejecting the methodical pace that had slowed him with other productions, Brooks worked quickly to adapt the "nonfiction novel," as Capote called it. As a reporter, Brooks also conducted his own research into the murders of four members of a Kansas farm family and the lives of the two drifters responsible for the crime. Brooks rejected Columbia's suggestion that he hire stars to play the killers and instead cast two relative unknowns, Scott Wilson and Robert Blake. He resisted the studio on another point, shooting the film in black and white rather than color because he thought it was a more frightening medium. He used locations where the events occurred, including the house where the family had been killed. In Cold Blood had a documentary style and was considered among the films of the mid-1960s that ushered in a more mature Hollywood style. Brooks received double Oscar nominations; cinematographer Conrad Hall and composer Quincy Jones also were nominated.

The Blood marked the apex of Bro that followed, he wrote and directed just six more films. Of note was The Happy Endint was the kind of low-key personal film more likely to come from Europe than an American director. The film earned an Oscar nomination for star Jean Simmons. (Her own marriage to Brooks ended in divorce in 1980.)

In 1972 Brooks was hired by Columbia Pictures to direct First Blood, with Bette Davis to be cast as a psychiatrist and either Lee Marvin or Burt Lancaster to be cast as Sheriff Will Teasle.  Brooks intended the film to be a commentary on the perceptions of veterans from both World War II and the Vietnam War. He also intended to make Teasle a more sympathetic character, who at the end of the film would have ordered his men to drop their guns to try to reason with John Rambo before Rambo was shot by unknown gunman. The film was cancelled because the Vietnam War had not ended, and the rights were sold to Warner Bros. Pictures.

he released another controversial film, an adaptation of Judith Rossner's 1975 novel Looking for Mr. Goodbar. 'Goodbar'starred Diane Keaton as a Catholic scingles bars. Brooks made the film on a tight budget, and its frank treatment of sex and its horrific storyline brought praise and condemnation and sold tickets. He ended his career with Wrong Is Right (1982), a satire about the news media and world unrest starring Sean Connery, and a gambling addiction film with Ryan O'Neal and Catherine Hicks in Fever Pitch (1985). 'Fever Pitch' featured a story about a renowned Los Angeles sportswriter who becomes a sports gambling addict. Brooks himself had been a sportswriter when a young man. Both movies were critical and commercial failures.

Brooks tried developing other projects in the last years of his life. He suffered from heart ailments and a stroke before dying at his home in 1992 at the age of 79.

Personal life
In 1960, he married Jean Simmons, after her divorce from Stewart Granger. Brooks helped to raise Tracy, Simmons' daughter by Granger. The couple had another daughter, Kate, together in 1961. They separated in 1977 and were legally divorced in 1980. Previously, Brooks had been married for 11 years to Harriette Levin, a relationship that also ended in divorce.

Character
Brooks hated bigotry, which was a central theme of his novel The Brick Foxhole, his co-written screenplay for Storm Warning (1951), and his first western, The Last Hunt (1956). Racial division and reconciliation was also at the heart of Something of Value (1957). He saw Blackboard Jungle as encouraging teachers to continue striving to help their students and as reassuring them that they can make a difference. Opposed to the death penalty, he used In Cold Blood to suggest that executing criminals solves nothing and only creates more violence.

While he worked in the studio system for most of the 1940s and 1950s, Brooks often clashed with studio policies about the look and feel of films and the stories they presented. He also chafed against the Production Code's limitations on subject matter and expression. His goal as a filmmaker was total control of a production, and he achieved that with most films after the success of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. The failure of Lord Jim threatened that independence. Brooks responded by becoming a fast and efficient filmmaker, operating with a tight budget and often forgoing a high up-front salary in exchange for a guarantee of control.

Brooks was developing a reputation as a hard-driving, difficult and perpetually angry man as early as his tenure with radio station WNEW in the late 1930s. He was not averse to quitting a job when in conflict with those in charge—as he did while directing at the Mill Pond Theater in 1940 and writing for Universal in 1943. At MGM he was known for almost daily eruptions of anger, often aimed at his crew and sometimes at his cast. That did not change even after he was the producer of his films, and he was known throughout the industry as a talented filmmaker yet a difficult man to deal with. Debbie Reynolds recounts that, while as a young and relatively inexperienced actress filming The Catered Affair (1956), Brooks hit her in the face and had to be pulled away from further assault by the assistant director. Later during filming, a heavy piece of equipment fell on his foot, breaking it, and the crew were noticeably slow in removing it which Reynolds attests to a general dislike of the director.

Brooks was much the same way in his personal life. He readily acknowledged that he was a trying husband and that his work was the most important activity in his life. He was not interested in Hollywood's social scene, preferring to entertain guests at his home with tennis and movies when he wasn't working on screenplays or other projects. Yet his wife Jean Simmons found him to be a humorous, stimulating husband and a loving father to their daughters. But from all accounts, he was a "tough as nails" father as well.

Death and legacy
Brooks was one of the relatively few filmmakers whose careers bridged the transition from the classic studio system to the independent productions that marked the 1960s and beyond. He was also among the postwar writer-directors who made some of their best films as they struggled to break free of industry censorship. His legacy is that of a filmmaker who sought independence in a collaborative art and tried to bring his own vision to the screen.

Surrounded by family (Jean Simmons and daughters) and longtime friend actor Gene Kelly, Brooks died from congestive heart failure in 1992 at his house in Coldwater Canyon in Studio City, California. He was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California

e

.

MGM

 Credited as both writer and director (unless stated)

 Crisis (1950)
 The Light Touch (1951)
 Deadline – U.S.A. (20th Century Fox, 1952)
 Battle Circus (1953)
 Take the High Ground! (1953), only director
 Flame and the Flesh (1954), only director
 The Last Time I Saw Paris (1954)
 Blackboard Jungle (1955)
 The Last Hunt (1956)
 The Catered Affair (1956), only director
 Something of Value (1957)
 The Brothers Karamazov (1958)
 Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958)

Independent producer

 Credited as both writer and director

 Elmer Gantry (Elmer Gantry Productions through United Artists, 1960)
 Sweet Bird of Youth, (MGM and Roxbury Productions through MGM, 1962)
 Lord Jim (Columbia and Keep Films through Columbia, 1965)
 The Professionals (Pax Enterprises through Columbia, 1966)
 In Cold Blood (Pax Enterprises through Columbia, 1967)
 The Happy Ending (Pax Enterprises through United Artists, 1969)
 $ (Frankovich Productions through Columbia, 1971)
 Bite the Bullet (Persky-Bright Productions/Vista through Columbia, 1975)
 Looking For Mr. Goodbar (Paramount, 1977)
 Wrong Is Right (Columbia, 1982)
 Fever Pitch (MGM, 1985)

References

Additional sources

External links

 The Richard Brooks Collection  at the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
 Papers of Edward K. Moss (Radio dramatist with Richard Brooks and WNEW in New York from September to December 1938) , Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

 Richard Brooks papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of

Richard Brooks


Erika Leigh Tymrak (born August 7, 1991) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Orlando Pride of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She was previously a member of the United States under-17 team that was runner-up at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, and has also represented the United States at senior level.

Early life
Born in Detroit, Michigan, Tymrak grew up in Lakewood Ranch, Florida, where she attended the Edison Academic Center.  She was a five-year member of the club soccer team at the IMG Soccer Academy led the team to the 2009 Florida State Cup U-19 final and 2008 U-18 semifinal. She was named 2009 and 2008 IMG Soccer Player of the Year and IMG's Most Valuable Player in 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Ranked as the number eight recruit on the ESPN RISE Fab 50 list, was a 2009 Parade All-American. In 2008, she was a member of the Region III Olympic Development Program (ODP) and the Florida ODP team and was a NSCAA/adidas Youth Girls All-Region III selection as well as an NSCAA/adidas Girls Youth All-America selection.

University of Florida

As a freshman for the University of Florida Gators soccer team during the 2009 season, Tymrak played in all 20 regular season games and started in 18 of them. In the Gators' second game and the first home game of the season on August 28, 2009, she took a 20-yard shot in the 79th minute to score her first collegiate goal, helping her team to a 3–0 win over Florida International. She also had her first collegiate assist and drew her first penalty kick for the Florida Gators, resulting her team's both goals in the 2–1 overtime win over Kentucky on September 25, 2009. On October 30, 2009, Tymrak's 2 assists in the final regular season match against South Carolina brought the Florida Gators to a decisive 3–0 win and thus the 2009 SEC regular season title. She scored 5 goals (tied 4th in team) and had 7 assists with 17 points (team's 2nd most) in the regular season. With her 7 assists, Tymrak became the Gators' top leader and second in the SEC in assists.

She was one of the only two unanimous selections in the 2009 SEC All-Freshman team. She was also named to the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) All-South Region third team and the Soccer America All-Freshman second team. As a sophomore in 2010, Tymrak was named to the 2010 Coaches Preseason All-Southeastern Conference Team.

In 2011, Tymrak led Florida with collegiate-highs for points (32) and goals (12) and was second in assists with eight. She ranked third in final SEC standings for points, shared third in goals and shared sixth in assists. She was named to the NSCAA All-America second team selection and NSCAA All-South Region first team. She was also an All-SEC first-team selection. TopDrawerSoccer.com ranked her number 15 its final top 100 upperclassmen list of 2011.

During her senior year in 2012, Tymrak appeared in 22 matches with 21 starts and was Florida's leader in goals (9), assists (12) and points (30). She tied for third on Gators' career charts in assists (40), sixth in points (104), tied for seventh in game-winning goals (11) and eighth for goals (32) and was the SEC leader (in all matches) in assists, second on game-winning goals, third in points and tied for sixth in goals. Her twelve assists shared sixth in the NCAA Division I. She was a semi-finalist for Hermann Trophy and was nominated for the Senior CLASS Award. Tymrak was named to the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) All-America first team, NSCAA All-South Region first team, and All-SEC first team. She earned Southeastern Conference Offensive Player of the Year and SEC Tournament MVP honors and was a Soccer America MVP first team selection. She was ranked number 16 on TopDrawerSoccer.com's final top 100 upperclassmen list of 2012. Following a golden goal at against Duke University, Tymrak was named NSCAA Player of the Week, SEC Offensive Player of Week and named to two national teams of the week. She earned her second SEC Offensive Player of the Week honor after hitting game-winning goal at Louisiana State and assisting on a game-winning goal at then No. 5 Texas A&M University.

Club career

FC Kansas City, 2013–2017
Tymrak was selected during the second round (eleventh overall) by FC Kansas City during the 2013 NWSL College Draft. She was named the league's NWSL Player of the Month for the month of July after scoring three goals and serving one assist in six games during the month and helped FC Kansas City to a 3–0–3 record. She was named NWSL Rookie of the Year for the 2013 season.

Loan to Bayern Munich
In September 2013, Tymrak signed with German Bundesliga side Bayern Munich on loan until the end of the year.

Loan to Melbourne City
In October 2016, Tymrak joined Australian club Melbourne City on loan.

Utah Royals FC, 2018–2019
After FC Kansas City ceased operations following the 2017 season, Tymrak was officially added to the roster of the Utah Royals FC on January 22, 2018.

Tymrak announced her retirement from soccer on January 6, 2020, at the age of 28.

Orlando Pride, 2021–present
On January 30, 2021, Tymrak came out of retirement after Orlando Pride acquired her playing rights as part of a trade for Gunnhildur Yrsa Jónsdóttir in exchange for Kristen Edmonds and the natural second-round pick in the 2022 NWSL Draft.

International career

Tymrak was a member of the United States national soccer team that finished runner-up at the 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in New Zealand. She had an assist in the USA's come-from-behind 2–1 victory over Germany in the semifinal, helping her team to go into the final versus Korea DPR. In July 2008, she was named Player of the Match after recording four assists in the U.S. U-17 National Team's 9–1 win versus Trinidad & Tobago in the CONCACAF Championships.

On August 22, 2013, Erika Tymrak received her first United States senior team call up from US Head Coach Tom Sermanni. On September 3, 2013, Tymrak made her debut for the USA against Mexico in a friendly match at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C.; she started in the match and played for 70 minutes. On November 10, 2013, in her second appearance, Tymrak scored her first international goal, against Brazil, on an assist from Lindsey Horan, from a spot at 18 yards surrounded by defenders.

Career statistics

Club summary
.

International goals
 As of match played November 10, 2013. United States score listed first, score column indicates score after each Tymrak goal.

Honors and awards

College
Florida Gators
SEC regular season: 2009, 2010, 2012
SEC Tournament: 2010, 2012

Club
FC Kansas City
 NWSL Championship: 2014, 2015

Melbourne City
W-League Championship: 2017

Individual
SEC Offensive Player of the Year: 2012
NSCAA First Team All-America: 2012
NWSL Rookie of the Year: 2013

See also

2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup squads
2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup

References

External links

 US Soccer player profile
 Florida player profile

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Manatee County, Florida
Soccer players from Florida
Women's association football midfielders
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' soccer)
Florida Gators women's soccer players
FC Kansas City draft picks
FC Kansas City players
FC Bayern Munich (women) players
Melbourne City FC (A-League Women) players
National Women's Soccer League players
Frauen-Bundesliga players
A-League Women players
United States women's international soccer players
American women's soccer players
American expatriate soccer players in Germany
Expatriate women's footballers in Germany
Expatriate women's soccer players in Australia
Utah Royals FC players
Orlando Pride players
American expatriate women's soccer players
United States women's under-20 international soccer players
American expatriate sportspeople in Australia
United States women's youth international soccer players

Erika Tymrak


Chicken Delight is a chain of restaurants offering eat-in, take-out, and delivery service with a menu featuring chicken, pizza, and ribs. Based in Winnipeg, the chain mostly has outlets in that city and throughout Manitoba. Although as of 2019, six Chicken Delight restaurants are located in the New York metro area, none of these are included in the corporate web site list of franchise locations.

History

The current Chicken Delight operation is a descendant of a much larger chain. Founded in Illinois in 1952, the chain grew during the 1960s to over 1,000 locations. It was purchased in 1964 by Consolidated Foods. The jingle "Don't cook tonight, call Chicken Delight," emphasizing their delivery and take-out services, was widely advertised on American radio and television during the 1960s. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the chain's mascot was a chicken with a chef's hat, holding a plate of biscuits.

By the late 1960s, Chicken Delight in the US was a troubled operation. While emerging chains like McDonald's ensured that all outlets provided a product that met the franchisor's strict standards, the quality control of Chicken Delight outlets was lax. The company was thus fighting the battle with people who, having had a bad experience in one outlet, generalized that to the entire chain, then told their friends to stay away.

Chicken Delight was simultaneously under increasing pressure from fast-growing competitor Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC). Although Chicken Delight and KFC were founded the same year, and Chicken Delight had initially expanded far more quickly, KFC was beginning to enter and gaining popularity in many markets. The competition became particularly strong in 1972 when KFC added new "Extra-Crispy" chicken to their menu with a taste and texture similar to Chicken Delight's product. During the early 1970s, legal actions resulted in a substantial reduction in the Chicken Delight chain.

In 1979, Otto Koch, owner of the successful Chicken Delight Canada Ltd., purchased the remnants of the American Chicken Delight operations.

Products
Chicken Delight serves chicken-based products such as chicken wings, buffalo wings, chicken fingers, and chicken burgers. The chain also offers pizza, popcorn shrimp, ribs, and a variety of side dishes including french fries, onion rings, poutine (mostly in Canadian locations), potato salad, macaroni salad, and coleslaw. The only dessert product that Chicken Delight offers is cheesecake.

The chain also features Pizza and Chicken combos, and individual and family dinners. All the individual dinners come with sides of fries, coleslaw, and a bread roll. The family dinner comes with the same sides as the individual dinners, but gravy is added. The Pizza and Chicken combos consist of a pie and a range from 6-15 pieces of chicken, comes complete with fries and gravy as the sides.

Chicken Delight serves Pepsi products. They come in either cans, 2 liter bottles, or smaller 20 oz. bottles.

Legal cases

When Chicken Delight was founded, franchisers typically used one of two different methods for collecting revenue. One was to collect 4% to 8% of gross sales, as is typically done now. The other method was to require their franchisees to buy all their equipment and packaging from the franchisor. In the latter scheme Chicken Delight franchisees paid a little extra for each paper cup, each paper plate, the chicken-coating mix, etc., providing the franchisor with income for corporate operations, advertising, and profit. Some franchisees (and their legal representatives) believed this scheme ran afoul of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, which requires that the franchisor not sell products above fair market value. In the 1960s a lawsuit was filed on behalf of 94 franchisees and, in 1971, the plaintiffs won a precedent-setting ruling from the US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals that broke the franchise contract for all stores and awarded damages to the plaintiffs. (Siegel v. Chicken Delight, 448 F.2d 43 (9th Cir. 1971); reversed in modern times by decisions such as Queen City Pizza v. Domino's Pizza, 124 F.3d 430 (1997).)

The lawsuit win proved to be a Pyrrhic victory because Consolidated Foods (Now Sara Lee Corporation), then-owner of Chicken Delight, abandoned the business in the US, leaving all its former US franchisees to fend for themselves. Today, some of the old US stores operate independently under names reminiscent of the original, such as "Chicken Tonight."

See also
 List of fast-food chicken restaurants

Notes

External links
Chicken Delight website
Restaurants in Manitoba
Fast-food chains of Canada
Fast-food chains of the United States
Companies based in Winnipeg
Fast-food poultry restaurants
Restaurants established in 1952
1952 establishments in Illinois
American companies established in 1952
Fast-food franchises

Chicken Delight


The Philippine version of 1 vs. 100 was first aired on ABS-CBN on August 25, 2007. It is hosted by veteran Filipino quiz host Edu Manzano, from Pilipinas, Game Ka Na Ba? and Weakest Link. A single player (The One) goes up against 100 other contestants (The Mob). The One gains money for each mob member eliminated, but if the One answers incorrectly at any point of the game, the game ends and he or she leaves with nothing. The grand prize of the show is .

The program is the fourth franchise the network acquired from its Dutch creator Endemol (after Pinoy Big Brother, Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal, and Pinoy Dream Academy) and it is also the most expensive, due to the studio's sheer size to accommodate the Mob.

The first season ended on April 19, 2008. Its run was supposed to have ended a long time ago, as the program revealed, but it was extended twice due to popular demand.

Gameplay

The Philippine version is similar to the format used in the U.S. and Australia and the new European format used in Italy and France. Contestants are given multiple-choice questions with three possible answers.  Either The One or the Mob (or its remaining members) can win the prize depending on whether The One can answer the questions correctly. After answering a question correctly,  mob members who answered that question incorrectly are eliminated from the game leaving empty handed. Players add a specific amount to their bank for every member of the mob they eliminate on a particular question (See table, left). If after any correct answer the entire mob members has been eliminated, the contestant wins the top prize of ₱2,000,000.

Contestants have three forms of assistance, or "helps," available to use at any point during the game, and as in the US version, they are "Poll the Mob," "Ask the Mob," and "Trust the Mob":

Alamin ang Sagot (Know the Answer): Also known as Poll the Mob, the contestant picks one of the three answers. The number of mob players who chose that answer is revealed. This is represented by a magnifying glass.
Sagot ng Dalawa (Answer of Two): Also known as Ask the Mob, One mob member who answered correctly and one who answered incorrectly are chosen at random. Each explains his/her decision to the contestant. Mob members must tell the truth as to which answer they chose, but do not have to tell the truth as to why they chose that answer. This automatically eliminates one wrong answer, thus leaving contestants with a 50-50 chance of picking the right answer. If all mob members answer incorrectly, the solo player will be permitted to talk to one mob member and then will be informed that their answer is incorrect. If all mob members answer correctly, the solo player isn't told that and is given the option to lock the answer in. This can also occur if all the mob members answer incorrectly, but choose the same incorrect answer. This is represented by a question mark.
Sagot ng Nakararami (Answer of the Majority): Also known as Trust the Mob, although the contestant doesn't commit to choosing the answer chosen by the largest number of mob members. S/he can or cannot follow the majority decision, although the figure of the percentage in the Mob can greatly influence the One's answer. If there is a tie for two answers, the solo player has a choice to one of those two answers. This is represented by an arrow pointing right.

When the contestant has reduced the Mob to ten or fewer members, the next question is shown but not the answer choices. Equipped with this knowledge, the player then decides whether or not to continue playing. This method is called the Sneak Peek.

Contestants may use multiple helps on a single question, but may only use each help once during the game. It is possible that a mob member may be picked for both the Alamin ang Sagot and Sagot ng Dalawa, even on the same question.

After completing each round of questions, contestants can take their winnings and leave the game (while leaving helps unused, if applicable). Contestants must make that decision before seeing questions; once they see a question, they are committed to answering it; although if ten or fewer mob members remain, they can see the question (but not the answers) before deciding. When contestants quit and take their winnings, remaining mob members win nothing, but can compete in the next game.

When a contestant answers incorrectly, however, he/she leaves with nothing. The mob members who correctly answered that question will split the contestant's earnings and return to compete in the next game.  If everyone gets a question wrong, no one wins any money.  Theoretically, each mob member can take home a minimum of ₱10.10 assuming the contestant gets the 2nd question wrong, only 1 mob member was eliminated in the previous question and the rest of the mob remains intact.

Mob members who are left, whether the One incorrectly answers a question or takes home the money earned, are to be referred to by the host as "The Unbeatables". In the following game when they would appear, they wear orange and black T-shirts bearing the words "Unbeatable 1" (with the numerals being the one used in the logo) to distinguish them from the new mob members. The numerals change increasingly for those unbeatables who survive through multiple episodes.

Ten Picks

From the December 1 episode, a new rule is in place. It is called the Ten Picks. In the start of the game, the One chooses 10 Mob members in 60 seconds. But if the One doesn't complete his Ten Picks, the computer would randomly choose from the mob to complete the selection process. During the game, as long as any of the chosen ten is still in the game, the One must commit to the game itself. Once all of the One's chosen ten Mob members are eliminated, the One can then choose to take the money accumulated or continue on. This is to ensure that the One stays in the game for as long as possible and to guarantee for the mob to go home with the money unless the One finally earns the option of Money or Mob.

Theme episodes

1 vs. 100 Kids
This concept of having a "Little Mob" of 100 children was supposed to last for only a single episode. But it ran for seven weeks due to "insistent public demand" and possibly to compete against the GMA's Kakasa Ka Ba sa Grade 5?

On October 13, 2007, episode, the show featured a mob made up of one hundred children, including ten Goin' Bulilit kids, five spelling champions, ten elementary school students (among them a junior Game KNB winner), ten track and field athletes, ten boy scouts, ten girl scouts, six go-kart racers, five Math Olympians, eight Quiz Bee champions, five gifted children, ten figure skaters, and Ira Alexis Jimenez Aclan, an 11-year-old violin prodigy. They all went face-to-face with celebrity contestant Randy Santiago.

On October 20, 2007, episode, in another 1 vs. 100 Kids episode, celebrity contestant Reynold "Pooh" Garcia became the first winner of ₱2 million. The new "Little Mob"  who faced Pooh had among them five sets of twins, six children of celebrities, ten students of the UP Integrated School, ten child rappers, a Rubik's Cube champion, five "Tiktik Kalawang Boys" (boys who tinker with metallic junk), and five children from the district of Quiapo.

On October 27, 2007, a third Kids episode aired, this time a Halloween-themed one.  Two contestants played in the episode with two different Mobs. The one who faced celebrity contestant Long Mejia included amongst others six Super Inggo kids, ten students from Philippine Cultural High School (Main Campus), ten children of cemetery watchers, ten altar boys, six child actors who appeared in horror films, and ten members of a children's rondalla. The Mob who faced in Candy Pangilinan's game included six candidates of "Mr. and Miss United Nations", fifteen child boxers, ten debate team members, five valedictorian candidates, and six child commercial models, to name a few. Candy's game was carried over to the November 3 episode.

In the November 11 episode, Bayani Agbayani faced a Little Mob which included pet lovers, Muslim students and children with high IQ. Not long after his very short game, Toni Gonzaga faced a Mob which has choir boys, Wushu athletes, and a drum and bugle band.

On November 17, 2007, Anne Curtis faced a Little Mob which has students of different schools, boy scholars, a dance troupe, kid singers and a singing champion, and child painters.

On November 24, 2007, Chito Miranda of the band Parokya ni Edgar faced a new mob which included members of a children's choir, "children with excellence" and members of an Ati-atihan dance troupe. It would become the last Kids episode. In the very next week, the adult Mob returned, the reason given by Edu being the Little Mob going on a "recess" because of the giveaways each member of each Little Mob received.

In all Kids episodes, each Mob was completely different.

Pooh's game was revisited on the April 12, 2008, episode.

1 vs. 100 Gays
On January 5, 2008, Jay Contreras, frontman of the band Kamikazee, faced a Mob composed of drag queens and openly gay men from different careers and professions. Prominent members of that Mob included actor IC Mendoza (grandson of talk show host/columnist Inday Badiday), Arroyo impersonator Ate Glow, and TV host, politician, and former Pasay city councilor Justo Justo. Contreras defeated this entire Mob and became the second ever winner of ₱2 million and the first one in the expense of an adult mob. He was also the first person to eliminate his "Ten Picks" since the institution of the rule.

Jay's game was revisited on April 5, 2008.

1 vs. 100 Health and Fitness Special
On March 1, 2008, Bea Alonzo faced a Mob composed of celebrities who have worked with her, fitness instructors specialized in either or both yoga and pilates, food technologists and nutritionists, dermatologists, cardiologists, aestheticians, skin consultants, facialists, pole dancers, belly dancers, garlic vendors, and babyfaces. She managed to eliminate her "Ten Picks" and walked away with ₱504,000.

Clear Black Post-Valentine Special
On March 8, 2008, black-clad Piolo Pascual faced a Mob whose members wore red, the traditional color for Valentine's Day. This was a reference to an advertisement for Clear Anti-Dandruff shampoo and conditioner (a Unilever brand) wherein he plays a Black Cupid whose arrows turn red objects into black. Red was the only common denominator among the Mob members as they were composed of celebrities, dentists, psychologists, chefs, ice cream vendors, and members of the Catholic religious organization CFC-Singles for Christ and the Born-Again group Victory Christian Fellowship, among others. He managed to eliminate his Ten Picks after nine questions, but he decided to forge for the next two. The last Mob member still standing, Maricris, a member of Singles for Christ on Podium 80, was the one setting a record, answering the 11th question correctly and stealing the ₱527,000 he accumulated, after he gave the wrong answer to that same question.

This final scenario was replicated in Ryan Agoncillo's game the next week, but with a bigger loot of ₱689,000 after 11 questions and one mob member left.

Records and statistics
Most money won - ₱2,000,000 by Reynold "Pooh" Garcia (October 20, 2007) and Jay Contreras (January 5, 2008)
Least money won - ₱154,000 by Long Mejia (October 27, 2007)
Most money lost to mob - ₱689,000 by Ryan Agoncillo (March 15, 2008)
Least money lost to mob - ₱17,000 by Bayani Agbayani (November 11, 2007)
Most money split by mob members - 1 member, ₱689,000.00 (March 15, 2008)
Least money split by mob members - 55 members, ₱309.00 each (November 10, 2007)
Most questions answered correctly - 15 by Reynold "Pooh" Garcia (October 20, 2007)
Fewest questions answered correctly - 1 by Bayani Agbayani (November 11, 2007)
Most mob members wrong on a single question - 78 (February 23, 2008)
Least mob members left after a game (excluding games where the One won ₱2,000,000) - 1 member (March 8, 2008, and March 15, 2008)
Longest streak by an Unbeatable Mob member - James Marte, 5 games

Notable Mob members
As in the US format, celebrities often participate in the game as Mob members, joining with civilian Mob players to face the opposition.  Often, game show champions participate in the Mob, a concept brought in play in the original US episode, where an original Mob member was a well-known quiz show mega-champion.

Here are some of the notable Mob members:
Alvin Cansalay, Game KNB? ₱1,200,000 winner
Butch Maniego, Scrabble Champion
Jiro Manio, Child Prodigy
CJ de Silva, Child Prodigy
Ira Alexis Aclan, Child Prodigy
Gaby Dela Merced, Asian F3 Racer
Jaime Telmo, Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal ₱324,000 winner
Louie Vallejo, summa cum laude, B.S. Mathematics, UP Diliman
Beauty Queens:
 Anna Theresa Licaros - Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2007 (Unbeatable 1; won ₱21,937.00)
 Precious Lara Quigaman - Miss International 2005 (Unbeatable 1; won ₱21,937.00)
 Margaret Wilson - Bb. Pilipinas-World 2007
 Gionna Cabrera - Bb. Pilipinas-Universe 2005
 Nadia Shami - Bb. Pilipinas-International 2007 (Unbeatable 1; won ₱21,937.00)
Members of the band Cueshe
 Representative Manuel "Way Kurat" Zamora
 Psychics
 Madam Auring
 Madam Rosa
 Star Gazer

Celebrity Mob Members:

Game 1
 Ana Roces
 Arvin "Tado" Jimenez
 Geoff Eigenmann
 Jodi Sta. Maria-Lacson
 Julius "Empoy" Marquez
 TJ Trinidad

Game 2
 AJ Dee
 Andrea del Rosario
 Angelu de Leon
 Kitkat
 Matet de Leon
 Nene Tamayo

Game 3
 Aldred Gatchalian
 Assunta de Rossi
 Jason Gainza
 Matt Evans
 Michelle Madrigal
 Paw Diaz
 Willie Revillame

Game 4
 Yeng Constantino
 Ryan Eigenmann
 Maritoni Fernandez
 Bobby Andrews
 Baron Geisler
 Minnie Aguilar

Game 5
 Wendy Valdez
 Bruce Quebral
 Nel Rapiz
 Gee-Ann Abrahan
 Bodie Cruz
 Dionne Monsanto

Game 7
 Rafael Rosell
 Maricar De Mesa
 DJ Durano
 Allan Paule
 Kian Kazemi

Game 15
 Jeffrey Hidalgo
 Charles Christianson

Game 16
 Dexter Doria
 Bembol Roco

Game 17
 Maui Taylor
 Gwen Garci
 Renee Summers

Game 20
 Angelica Panganiban
 Charmel de Asis

Game 21
Mickey Ferriols

Game 22
Cassandra Ponti

Game 27
Dino Imperial
Empress Schuck
Enchong Dee

Game 28
Bangs Garcia

Celebrity players

List of 1 vs. 100 celebrity players.

Original Format
The following played before the "Ten Picks" rule was implemented.
Ai Ai de las Alas; won nothing
Isko Salvador; won nothing
Mariel Rodriguez; won ₱440,000
Archie Alemania; won ₱242,000
Rosanna Roces; won ₱372,000

Kids Version
The following played in the 1 VS 100 Kids version of the game.
Randy Santiago; won ₱326,000
Reynold "Pooh" Garcia; won ₱2,000,000 (first two-million winner)
Long Mejia; won ₱154,000
Candy Pangilinan; won nothing
Bayani Agbayani; won nothing
Toni Gonzaga; won ₱289,000
Anne Curtis; won nothing
Chito Miranda of Parokya ni Edgar; won ₱591,000

"Ten Picks" era
The following played when the "Ten Picks" rule was implemented. Unless stated otherwise, each of those listed won nothing.
Kiko Pangilinan
Marietta "Pokwang" Subong
Mcoy Fundales
Ruffa Gutierrez
Rico J. Puno
Jay Contreras of Kamikazee; won ₱2,000,000 (second two-million winner)
Derek Ramsay
Aiko Melendez; won ₱332,000
Valerie Concepcion; won ₱317,000
Kim Atienza
Jake Cuenca
Chiz Escudero
Chin Chin Gutierrez
Bea Alonzo; won ₱504,000
Piolo Pascual
Ryan Agoncillo
Chokoleit
Christopher de Leon

External links
1 vs. 100 - ABS-CBN.com

1 vs. 100
ABS-CBN original programming
Philippine game shows
2007 Philippine television series debuts
2008 Philippine television series endings
Philippine television series based on Dutch television series
Filipino-language television shows

1 vs. 100 (Philippine game show)


Hesperocyparis macrocarpa also known as Cupressus macrocarpa, or the Monterey cypress is a coniferous tree, and is one of several species of cypress trees endemic to California.

The Monterey cypress is found naturally only on the Central Coast of California. Due to being a glacial relict, the natural distributional range of the species during modern times is confined to two small relict populations near Carmel, California, at Cypress Point in Pebble Beach and at Point Lobos.  Historically during the peak of the last ice age, Monterey cypress would have likely comprised a much larger forest that extended much further north and south.

Description
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa is a medium-sized coniferous evergreen tree, which often becomes irregular and flat-topped as a result of the strong winds that are typical of its native area. It grows to heights of up to 40 meters (133 feet) in perfect growing conditions, and its trunk diameter can reach 2.5 meters (over 8 feet). The foliage grows in dense sprays which are bright green in color and release a deep lemony aroma when crushed. The leaves are scale-like, 2–5 mm long, and produced on rounded (not flattened) shoots; seedlings up to a year old have needle-like leaves 4–8 mm long.

The seed cones are globose to oblong, 20–40 mm long, with 6–14 scales, green at first, maturing brown about 20–24 months after pollination. The pollen cones are 3–5 mm long, and release their pollen in late winter or early spring. The Latin specific epithet macrocarpa means "with large fruit".

Because of the large trunk size some trees develop, people have assumed that individual H. macrocarpa trees may be up to 2,000 years old.  However, the longest-lived report based on physical evidence is only 284 years old. The renowned Californian botanist Willis Linn Jepson wrote that "the advertisement of [C. macrocarpa trees] in seaside literature as 1,000 to 2,000 years old does not ... rest upon any actual data, and probably represents a desire to minister to a popular craving for superlatives".  Few trees survive beyond 100 years. As a counterpoint to this, many of the earliest introductions of the species into New Zealand around 1860 still survive and the major cause of mortality of these cultivated specimens is felling. One such example is the 160 year old St. Barnabas Church tree in Stoke, Nelson, New Zealand.

Taxonomy
Hesperocyparis macrocarpa is a paleoendemic, with fossilized remains discovered in Drakes Bay and Rancho La Brea evidencing a much larger extent in the past.

Along with other New World Cupressus species, it has recently been transferred to the genus Hesperocyparis, on genetic evidence that the New World Cupressus (NWC) are not very closely related to the Old World Cupressus (OWC) species.

Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear DNA sequences and organismic data recover distinct lineages, with the NWC being sister to Juniperus or Juniperus and the OWC. However, chloroplast sequences sometimes place both OWC and NWC with a common ancestor, possibly due to ancient hybridization. Other more obvious morphological differences support their separation, such as the presence of 3 to 5 cotyledons in NWC, as opposed to 2 in Old World species, glaucous seed coats, and monomorphic leaves on ultimate branch segments.

Analysis of phylogenetic relationships show that the species is placed within the Macrocarpa clade, which diverged from the Arizonica clade, both within Hesperocyparis. The two clades are separated biogeographically by the Transverse Ranges, which forms a barrier to any north–south migration of most species within these clades.

Distribution
The two native cypress forest stands are protected, within Point Lobos State Reserve and Del Monte Forest. The natural habitat is noted for its cool, moist summers, almost constantly bathed by sea fog.

This species has been widely planted outside its native range, particularly along the coasts of California and Oregon.  Its European distribution includes Great Britain (including the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands), France, Ireland, Greece, Italy and Portugal. In New Zealand, plantings have naturalized, finding conditions there more favorable than in its native range. It has also been grown experimentally as a timber crop in Kenya.

The tree has been successfully planted in Sri Lanka, with a 130-year old specimen on view at the Hakgala Botanical Garden in Nuwara Eliya.

Hesperocyparis macrocarpa is also grown in South Africa. For example, a copse has been planted to commemorate South African infantrymen who died in the Allied cause in Italy and North Africa during World War 2. As in California, the Cape trees are gnarled and wind-sculpted.

Cultivation
Monterey cypress has been widely cultivated away from its native range, both elsewhere along the California coast, and in other areas with similar cool summer, mild winter oceanic climates. It is a popular private garden and public landscape tree in California. It is so widely planted in Golden Gate Park that the silhouette of the tree is sometimes printed as a symbol of the park.

When planted in areas with hot summers, for example in interior California away from the coastal fog belt, Monterey cypress has proved highly susceptible to cypress canker, caused by the fungus Seiridium cardinale, and rarely survives more than a few years. This disease is not a problem where summers are cool.

The foliage is slightly toxic to livestock and can cause miscarriages in cattle. Sawn logs are used by many craftspeople, some boat builders and small manufacturers, as a furniture structural material and a decorative wood because of its fine colours, though it must be preserved carefully to prevent the wood from splitting. It is also a fast, hot burning, albeit sparky (therefore not suited to open fires), firewood.

In Australasia
In Australia and New Zealand, Monterey cypress is most frequently grown as a windbreak tree on farms, usually in rows or shelter belts. It is also planted in New Zealand as an ornamental tree and, occasionally, as a timber tree. There, finding more favorable growing conditions than in its native range, and in the absence of many native pathogens, it often grows much larger, with trees recorded at over  tall and  in trunk diameter.  One specimen – with a trunk diameter of more than  – is considered to be perhaps the largest in the world.  The timber of Monterey cypress was used for fence posts on New Zealand farms before electric fencing became popular.

Cultivars
A number of cultivars have been selected for garden use, including Goldcrest, with yellow-green, semi-juvenile foliage (with spreading scale-leaf tips) and Lutea with yellow-green foliage. Goldcrest has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).

Monterey cypress is one of the parents of the fast-growing cultivated hybrid Leyland cypress, Cupressus × Leylandii, the other parent being Nootka cypress (Callitropsis nootkatensis).

Cupressus macrocarpa cultivars grown in New Zealand are:
'Aurea Saligna'—long cascades of weeping, golden-yellow, thread-like foliage on a pyramidal tree
'Brunniana Aurea'—pillar or conical form with soft rich-golden foliage
'Gold Rocket'—narrow erect form with golden colouring, slow-growing
'Golden Pillar'—compact conical tree with dense yellow shoots and foliage
'Greenstead Magnificent'—dwarf form with blue-green foliage
'Lambertiana Aurea'—hardy upright form tolerating poor soil and climate conditions

Chemistry
Isocupressic acid, a labdane diterpenoid, is an abortifacient component of H. macrocarpa. Monoterpenes (α- and γ-terpinene and terpinolene) are constituents of the foliage volatile oil. The oil exact composition is : α-pinene (20.2%), sabinene (12.0%), p-Cymene (7.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (29.6%). Unusual sesquiterpenes can be found in the foliage. Longiborneol (also known as juniperol or macrocarpol) can also be isolated from Monterey cypresses.

References

macrocarpa
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of Monterey County, California
Trees of the Southwestern United States
Plants described in 1847
Trees of Mediterranean climate
Garden plants of North America
Ornamental trees
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN

Cupressus macrocarpa


The Lippisch P.13 was a 1942 design for a high-speed bomber aircraft by Josef Hubert. Of highly unconventional configuration, it was a tail-less, swept-wing design with an engine and propeller mounted at both the front and rear of the aircraft. A large ventral fin gave it an almost cruciform cross-section.

At the time of the P.13's design, Hubert was working in Dr Alexander Lippisch's department at Messerschmitt; when Lippisch left the firm in April 1943, the department was dissolved and its designs (including the P.13) were abandoned.

The similarly named Lippisch P.13a and P.13b were completely unrelated projects, undertaken after Lippisch's relocation to Vienna.

Specifications (P.13, as designed)

See also

References
 Nowarra, Heniz J. (1983). Die deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.

External links

1940s German bomber aircraft
Abandoned military aircraft projects of Germany
Tailless aircraft
P.13

Lippisch P.13


Milt Crain (born December 29, 1937) is a former Canadian Football League (CFL) offensive tackle and center from 1960 to 1964. He became an east division all-star at center for the Montreal Alouettes in 1963.

After playing college football at the University of Mississippi, Milt Crain was drafted by the Baltimore Colts in 1959 but never played a regular season game for them. Instead, he joined the Montreal Alouettes that year but was waived. He returned for another tryout the following year and this time stayed on with them to 1964. Although Crain played as an offensive tackle, he was switched to center in 1963 and was voted at that position as an East All-Star. However, in 1964, the Alouettes had many problems on offense, winding up the season as the lowest scoring team in the east, and he was released after playing only 4 games. Though picked up by the Saskatchewan Roughriders for 1 more game that same year, he never played another season.

References

1937 births
Living people
People from New Albany, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi
Ole Miss Rebels football players
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football offensive linemen
Montreal Alouettes players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players

Milt Crain


EyeSteelFilm is a Montreal-based Canadian cinema production company co-founded by Daniel Cross and Mila Aung-Thwin, dedicated to socially engaged cinema, bringing social and political change through cinematic expression. Today the studio is run by Co-Presidents Mila Aung-Thwin and Bob Moore.

Notable collective members

Daniel Cross - producer and director
Mila Aung-Thwin - producer and director
Bob Moore - producer

Directors (past and present)
Laura Bari - director
Yung Chang - director
Karina Garcia Casanova - director
Eric "Roach" Denis - director
Mia Donovan - director
Lixin Fan - director
Omar Majeed - director
Peter Wintonick - director
Ryan Mullins - director

Films
Full feature documentary films

Short films

Films presently in progress include:
Rainforest: The Limit of Spleandor (by Richard Boyce), Inkulal (by Linda Vastrik), Inventing the Future (by Daniel Cross), Jingle Bell Rocks! (by Mitchell Kezin), Just A Click Away (by Laura Turek), Les Tickets (by Eric "Roach" Denis), Such Great Heights (by Richard Boyce), Turcot (by Daniel Cross)

Recognition
EyeSteelFilm has received numerous awards from international film festivals and annual television and film awards. EyeSteelFilm has collaborated with international broadcasters including Super Channel, PBS, CBC, National Geographic Channel, The History Channel, BBC, YLE, TV2 Denmark, ZDF ARTE, The Documentary Channel, SBS, etc. They have received support from the Canada Council for the Arts, SODEC, CALQ, and National Film Board of Canada.

EyeSteelFilm is a RealScreen magazine Global 100 Company.
Montreal Mirror arts weekly chose the firm as one of the "Noisemaker"s of 2007.
EyeSteelFilm founder and president was one of five MIPDOC Trailblazers of 2008.

References

External links
EyeSteelFilm official website
EyeSteelFilm Facebook area
EyeSteelFilm blip.tv channel
EyeSteelFilm imdb page

Film production companies of Canada
Companies based in Montreal
Documentary film production companies
Companies with year of establishment missing
Quebec Anglophone culture in Montreal

EyeSteelFilm


Jarrod Martin is a former Republican member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving the Seventy-Third District.

Life and career
Martin was born in Xenia, Ohio, but was raised in nearby Beavercreek. A standout athlete at Beavercreek High School, he was awarded one of the largest scholarships in the school's history to attend Virginia Tech.  He graduated from College of Mount Saint Joseph with a bachelor's before earning a Masters of Business Administration degree from the University of Dayton.  He resides in Beavercreek with his wife, Bernadette, and three children.

Ohio House of Representatives
When Kevin DeWine reached a term limit that disqualified him from re-election, Martin and four other Republicans sought the nomination to replace him. Martin won the primary election with 29.42% of the vote. He easily defeated Democrat Bill Conner in the general election with 59.55% of the electorate. In his first term, Martin was the Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on Alternative Energy. He also served as a member of the Committees on Economic Development, Education, Elections and Ethics, and Public Utilities.

In his first reelection bid in 2010, Martin faced a primary challenge in Bill Miller, but won with 74.09% of the vote. He went on to take a second term against Democrat Michael Watters with 69.93% of the electorate. He is serving on the committees of Public Utilities and Local Government. Martin was also chairman of the Veteran's Affairs committee until September 2011, when he was removed as chairman by House Speaker William Batchelder. A spokesman for Batchelder cited Martin's charges for drunken driving and child endangering as the motivation for the removal.

Martin is also a member of the Ohio Aerospace and Defense Advisory
Council; the State Council on Educational Opportunities for Military Children; and the Military Activation Task Force.

Martin is a conservative Republican. He is a member of the Ohio Gun Collectors Association, the Greene County Fish and Game Association, and the National Rifle Association. He is an active advocate for gun rights and has supported multiple bills which would make their purchase, usage, and carriage easier. Martin is also a staunch supporter of States' Rights and supported resolutions declaring this to the federal government.

In one of his first legislative initiatives of his second term, Martin and Andy Thompson have introduced a proposal that would allow small private employers across Ohio to award compensatory time off to their employees who work overtime instead of paying cash so long as the employees choose to participate. "It's a simple bill. It's geared to small business," Rep. Martin said.

In 2012, Martin lost the primary for his bid for a third term to Rick Perales, who went on to win the general election for the seat.

References

External links
The Ohio House of Representatives: Representative Jarrod Martin (R-Beavercreek) official site
 Elect Jarrod State Representative Official Campaign Site

1979 births
Living people
Politicians from Xenia, Ohio
Republican Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Mount St. Joseph University alumni
University of Dayton alumni
People from Beavercreek, Ohio
21st-century American politicians

Jarrod Martin


Arijan Komazec (born January 23, 1970) is a former Croatian professional basketball player.

Professional career
Komazec started his professional career as a basketball player at the age of 16, in the historical club of Zadar, in the 1986–87 season. At the end of the previous 1985–86 season, Zadar had become the champions of the Yugoslav League, and had thus earned the right to participate in the FIBA European Champions Cup (EuroLeague). Komazec had great performances during the 1986–87 FIBA European Champions Cup season, and he led his team to the fourth place of the top 6 semifinal group stage. After six years in Zadar, where he became the absolute leader and scorer of his team, he made the big step in his career for the transcription of the Greek League (which was at that time the best national domestic league in Europe) and Panathinaikos, of the head coach Željko Pavličević and the Greek superstar Nikos Galis. There he found an old acquaintance from years of Zadar, Stojko Vranković, who had just returned from the NBA.

In a year that began with ambitions to win the championship, for Panathinaikos and him also, won only the 1993 Greek Cup, in a final against Sato Aris. Komazec, although he did some excellent performances, did not respond satisfactorily to Panathinaikos, who was preparing to make the fling at European level, and in the summer he was loaned to Cagiva Varese, where he played the next two seasons (1993–94 in A2 & 1994–95 A1), and made impressive performances.

The impression that he made by his performance in Varese, caused Buckler Beer Bologna, which was the dominant team of the Italian League the previous years, to buy his contract from Panathinaikos, and close a deal with him for the next two years, in an effort to replace the large void left in the team by Saša Danilović leaving for the NBA's Miami Heat. The Croatian star didn't succeed one more time to respond to the high demands of competitive sport at the top level, as he only won the smaller titles of the Italian Supercup in 1995, and the Italian Cup in 1997. This failure brought him back again to Varese the next year (1997–98), where rediscovered his best self, and with a scoring recital, he led the Lombardy team to the playoffs semifinals in the Italian League, and on the course to a participation in the EuroLeague, for the first time 20 years.

In the summer of 1998, came the third and final chance for Komazec to make an important achievement in a great club of European basketball, as he agreed to play for head coach Dušan Ivković, at Olympiacos. Arijan began the season doing very well, and everything indicated that the experiment for the player and the club could end up in achieving something good at the end of the season, when the major club titles, both in Greece and in Europe were contested. But an injury put him off of the court for half a month, and he became substantially off in his playing form, throughout the remaining part of the season. His participation at the 1999 FIBA EuroLeague Final Four, in Munich, was the only one in his short and essentially failed time at Olympiacos.

In the next season (1999–00), he returned to his roots, and he quite unexpectedly was joined in Zadar by Dino Rađa. Together, the duo led the Dalmatian club to the semifinals of the FIBA Saporta Cup, where they lost to the Greek club AEK. They won the Croatian Cup in the same season, which marked the last success of his career.

He was briefly a part of the NBA team the Vancouver Grizzlies, during the 2000–01 season, but he only spent one month with the team, and he did not play in any official NBA games with them.

National team career
Komazec was a member of the senior Yugoslavian national team. With Yugoslavia, he won the gold medal at the 1990 FIBA World Championship. He also won the gold medal at the 1991 EuroBasket.

Komazec was also a member of the senior Croatian national team. With Croatia, he won the silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics. He also won bronze medals with Croatia at the 1993 EuroBasket and the 1995 EuroBasket.

Personal life
His father is Milan Komazec, a former basketball player who won three Yugoslav First League championships (1965, 1967, and 1968) with Zadar. His uncle is Petar Popović, a former basketball player. His first-cousin is Alan Gregov, a former basketball player.

References

External links
 FIBA Archive Profile 2
 FIBA Archive Profile 2
 FIBA Europe Profile
 Euroleague.net Profile
 ProBallers.com Profile
 Eurobasket.com Profile
 AEK Athens Profile

1970 births
Living people
1990 FIBA World Championship players
1994 FIBA World Championship players
AEK B.C. players
Basketball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from Zadar
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Croatian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Croatian men's basketball players
FIBA EuroBasket-winning players
FIBA World Championship-winning players
Greek Basket League players
KK Zadar players
Lega Basket Serie A players
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympiacos B.C. players
Olympic silver medalists for Croatia in basketball
Pallacanestro Varese players
Panathinaikos B.C. players
S.S. Felice Scandone players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Virtus Bologna players
Yugoslav men's basketball players
Goodwill Games medalists in basketball
Competitors at the 1990  Goodwill Games
Goodwill Games gold medalists

Arijan Komazec


Rodney Maxwell Davis (April 7, 1942 – September 6, 1967) was a non-commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism above and beyond the call of duty in 1967, during the Vietnam War.

Davis joined the Marine Corps in 1961, and was ordered to the Republic of Vietnam in 1967. In September 1967, during a search and destroy exercise as part of Operation Swift, Davis's company was attacked by enemies. When Davis's platoon retreated into a trench, Davis ran up and down his company's line and encouraged the men to fight, returning fire at the same time. When an enemy grenade came close to several men, Davis jumped on the grenade, saving his men's lives.

Biography
Davis was born on April 7, 1942, in Macon, Georgia, to Gordon N. Davis and Ruth A. Davis.  He attended elementary school and high school there and graduated from Peter G. Appling High School, May 29, 1961.

Shortly after graduation, Davis enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in his hometown, August 31, 1961; then reported for recruit training with the First Recruit Training Battalion Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina.  Upon completion of recruit training in December 1961, he was transferred to the Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and underwent Individual Combat Training with the Second Battalion, First Infantry Training Regiment, graduating the following February.

Davis then joined Company K, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines, 2nd Marine Division, FMF, at Camp Lejeune and served as a rifleman until May 1964.  While stationed at Camp Lejeune, he was promoted to private first class, April 1, 1962, and to lance corporal, January 1, 1964.

As a lance corporal, Davis was ordered to London, England, for a three-year tour of duty as a Guard with the United States Marine Detachment, Naval Activities.  He was promoted to corporal on January 1, 1966, and to sergeant on December 1, 1966.

Ordered to the Republic of Vietnam in August 1967, Davis was assigned duty as a Platoon Guide with Company B, First Battalion, Fifth Marines, First Marine Division.  On September 6, 1967, he was operating with his unit in the Quảng Nam Province on a search and clear mission during Operation Swift, when they were attacked by a large North Vietnamese force.  Elements of the platoon were pinned down in a trench line by mortars, heavy automatic and small-arms fire.  He went from man to man encouraging them on and also returning fire at the same time.  An enemy hand grenade fell in the trenches his men were fighting from and without hesitation he threw himself upon the grenade.  He saved his fellow Marines in this selfless act and thus earned the nation's highest military decoration: the Medal of Honor.

Presentation of the medal was made posthumously to Davis's widow, Mrs. Judy P. Davis, by Vice President Spiro T. Agnew in his office. The presentation is "in the name of the Congress of the United States."

Davis was survived by his wife, Judy, and two daughters, Nichola Davis and Samantha J. Davis-Steen. His grandson, Tyler Steen, was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 2023 NFL Draft.

After death
The City of Macon did not allow black decedents to be buried inside the city limits in 1967, in specific cemeteries. Davis was buried in an all-black cemetery in the city.  About 2010, several white Marines were driving by Macon, including one man who was saved by Davis. They stopped to pay their respects at his gravesite and were angered to find that the wooden monument to Davis was rotting, and the cemetery was covered in weeds and had many headstones falling over.  They removed all the weeds around Davis's grave and many graves around it, and cleaned up a section of the cemetery before leaving.  The 1st Battalion, 5th Marines Association was informed and donations arranged. Civilians and other Marines, families, and surviving spouses accumulated over $60,000 and a large, granite monument was built at Davis's grave site. Several times a year, a gathering is organized and the entire cemetery is weeded and tended to. Donations continue to be accumulated and are now used mainly for scholarships of deserving children.

Military awards
Davis' decorations and awards include:

Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pride in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR posthumously to

for service as set forth in the following

CITATION:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as the right guide of the Second Platoon, Company B, First Battalion, Fifth Marines, First Marine Division, in action against enemy forces in Quang Nam Province, Republic of Vietnam, on September 6, 1967.  Elements of the Second Platoon were pinned down by a numerically superior force of attacking North Vietnamese Army Regulars.  Remnants of the platoon were located in a trench line where Sergeant Davis was directing the fire of his men in an attempt to repel the enemy attack.  Disregarding the enemy hand grenades and high volume of small arms and mortar fire, Sergeant Davis moved from man to man shouting words of encouragement to each of them firing and throwing grenades at the onrushing enemy.  When an enemy grenade landed in the trench in the midst of his men, Sergeant Davis, realizing the gravity of the situation, and in a final valiant act of complete self-sacrifice, instantly threw himself upon the grenade, absorbing with his own body the full and terrific force of the explosion.  Through his extraordinary initiative and inspiring valor in the face of almost certain death, Sergeant Davis saved his comrades from injury and possible loss of life, enabled his platoon to hold its vital position, and upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service.  He gallantly gave his life for his country.

Legacy
 The frigate  was named in his honor. The decommissioned USS Rodney M. Davis hit by a missile as part of 2022 RIMPAC exercises. (U.S. Navy, courtesy DVIDS)

See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

References

Sources

External links

1942 births
1967 deaths
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
United States Marine Corps non-commissioned officers
People from Macon, Georgia
Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Deaths by hand grenade
United States Marine Corps personnel killed in the Vietnam War

Rodney Maxwell Davis


Anthony McDonald (born 13 June 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Melbourne in the Australian Football League (AFL).

McDonald played his early football in the Victorian Football League (VFL) with Coburg and had stints at both the Carlton and Hawthorn reserves teams without being able to make it into the AFL. By the time he made his league debut in 1997, McDonald was 24, but played 19 consecutive games from round four to round 22.

He appeared in six finals at Melbourne, including the 2000 AFL Grand Final where, playing as a wingman, he had 12 disposals and four tackles in a loss. Two years later, McDonald retired to become a mortgage broker at Port Finance Group.

For much of McDonald's career, he was one of three brothers playing in the AFL with his eldest brother Alex at Collingwood and youngest James a teammate at Melbourne.

External links

Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.

1972 births
Living people
Melbourne Football Club players
Coburg Football Club players
Old Xaverians Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
People educated at St Patrick's College, Ballarat

Anthony McDonald (Australian footballer)