The general intelligence factor, often shortened to g, is a construct from psychology. It is the common factor in intelligence tests. It is the result of measuring intelligence in different ways.

Charles Spearman,  an early statistician and psychologist, found that school children's grades across unrelated subjects were strongly related to each other. That is to say, children who were good at one area (such as reading) were also good in another area (such as math). He then proposed that these relationships reflected the influence of a dominant factor, which he called g for "general" intelligence.  He developed a model where all variation in intelligence test scores can be explained by two factors. The first is the factor specific to an individual mental task: the individual abilities that would make a person more skilled at one cognitive task than another. The second is g, a general factor that governs performance on all cognitive tasks.

After 120 years of cognitive testing, gs central role is still a meaningful measure. Other models have also been proposed, and there is significant controversy about g and its alternatives.

References

Intelligence

General intelligence factor


Under the law, a cause of action is a set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue to  obtain money, property, or the enforcement of a right against another party. It means literally the cause or reason why a party can make a legal case under the law. The term also refers to the legal theory upon which a plaintiff brings a lawsuit (such as breach of contract, battery, or false imprisonment). The legal document which carries a claim is often called a Statement of Claim in English law, or a Complaint in U.S. federal practice and in many U.S. states. A complaint identifies the court's jurisdiction, the alleged facts and the relief the plaintiff wants. It can be any communication notifying the party to whom it is addressed of an alleged fault which resulted in damages. This is often expressed in amount of money the receiving party should pay or reimburse.

Filing
To pursue a cause of action, a plaintiff pleads or alleges facts in a complaint, the pleading that starts a lawsuit. A cause of action generally includes both the legal theory (the legal wrong the plaintiff claims to have suffered) and the remedy (the relief a court is asked to grant).  Often the facts or circumstances that allow a person to seek judicial relief may create multiple causes of action. Although it is fairly easy to file a Statement of Claim in most jurisdictions. If it is not done properly, then the filing party may lose his case due to simple technicalities.

There are a number of specific causes of action, including: contract-based actions, statutory causes of action, torts such as assault, battery, invasion of privacy and fraud. The points a plaintiff must prove to win a given type of case are called the "elements" of that cause of action.  For example, for a claim of negligence, the elements are: the (existence of a) duty, breach (of that duty), proximate cause (legal cause), and damages.  If a complaint does not allege facts sufficient to support every element of a claim, the court, upon motion by the opposing party, may dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted.

Responding
The defendant to a cause of action must file an "Answer" to the complaint in which the claims can be admitted or denied. The answer may also contain counterclaims in which the "Counterclaim Plaintiff" states its own causes of action. Finally, the answer may contain affirmative defenses. Most defenses must be raised at the first possible opportunity. Either in the answer or by motion or are considered to be waived.

References

Other websites
 causes of action, Federal Practices Manual
Legal terms

Cause of action


Mark and Lard was the stage name of Mark Radcliffe (Mark) and Marc Riley (Lard), who presented various weekday shows on BBC Radio 1 from 1991 to March 2004.

Career
Radcliffe, then a Radio 1 producer, began presenting specialist shows on the network in 1991, namely Out on Blue Six, The Guest List and Skyman. During this time, he also hosted Hit the North, a weekly BBC Radio 5 music and comedy show from Manchester with Riley as its researcher, and latterly, co-producer and presenter. Riley also presented his own series, Cult Radio, during the summer of 1993.

On 25 October 1993, the pair transferred to Radio 1 full-time and began presenting a late night show from 10pm-midnight on Mondays-Thursdays, replacing Nicky Campbell's Into the Night. The Graveyard Shift featured a mix of comedy sketches, poetry readings, live sessions and guests, including regular contributors such as Mark Kermode, Mark Lamarr, Stuart Maconie, Simon Armitage, Ian McMillan and Katie Puckrik.

They had presented the Radio 1 Breakfast show as stand-ins for Chris Evans, and after his departure from Radio 1, Mark and Lard took over the flagship show on 17 February 1997. But low ratings led to the pair being replaced; they presented their last show in that time slot on 10 October 1997. Their eight-month tenure was the shortest of any Radio 1 Breakfast Show. Mark and Lard moved to an early afternoon slot (2-4pm, later 1-3pm), where they continued until 26 March 2004.

Throughout the afternoon show's run, regular features included spoof phone-in quizzes such as It's a Sausage Roll, Circle of Chance and Fish or Fowl. Other items on the show included Downcount, Lard's Classic Cuts and Beat the Clock. The pair became well known for a stock of catchphrases such as Biggedy Biggedy Bong, Stop....carry on!, By Jovi, Cabbage Garden and Wickedy Wickedy Warp. One of the many characters on the show was 'Fat Harry White' (Radcliffe with a vocoder) – a thinly disguised parody of soul singer Barry White, this character was so successful he was given his own CD in 1998, entitled Hmmm Baby (The Seduction Selection, which was also his catchphrase) – it peaked at number 83 in the UK charts. During the afternoon show's run, Mark and Lard went on to win three Golds at the Radio Academy Awards.

Throughout their Radio 1 career, the pair produced and broadcast their shows from the BBC North West studios at New Broadcasting House, Manchester – in contrast to the network's London-based content. The studios, closed in November 2011 and later demolished, were invariably dubbed on-air and in Radio Times' schedule billings as The Palace of Glittering Delights.

Shirehorses
Mark and Lard are also the creators of the spoof rock band "The Shirehorses", who released two CD albums:
The Worst...Album in the World...Ever...EVER! - The title is a play on The Best... Album in the World...Ever! compilation series.
Our Kid Eh – The title is a combination of the contemporary Radiohead album Kid A, and the northern phrase 'our Kid'.

Leaving Radio 1
In February 2004 the pair announced they were leaving Radio 1, with Radcliffe moving to BBC Radio 2 and Riley moving to BBC Radio 6 Music. Their last show was broadcast on 26 March 2004 and featured a guest appearance by Travis, messages of commiseration from Neil Hannon, Radiohead, Blur (Damon Albarn composed a special song but "broke down in tears" before finishing it) and Kelly Jones of The Stereophonics, whom they'd frequently insulted during the show's run. They also received a bouquet of flowers from Paul McCartney. At the end of their last show, Riley sat in the silent studio sighing. Radcliffe convinces him to buck up and come to the pub to buy him a drink. But they had time for a swift half a catchphrase: "Stop!" Then the door closed and the show was over. It was followed by a silence of some twenty seconds causing the network to switch to the emergency tape; this was believed to be a final opportunity to make a nuisance of themselves, but was a result of show overrunning and studio staff in London not being in place when the show finally ended.

They subsequently worked together on the Mark & Lard's Football Nightmares DVD. They had previously presented Match of the Nineties, which showed highlights of English football seasons from 1989 to 1999, during the summer of 1999.

References

British radio DJs
BBC Radio 1 programmes
British comedy duos

Mark and Lard


Abdul Aziz Deen-Conteh (born 14 January 1993) is a Sierra Leonean former professional footballer who played as a left-back.

He represented England at youth level whilst on the books at Chelsea. He spent the 2013–14 season with Greek club Ergotelis, making seven appearances in the Greek Superleague. He joined Port Vale in November 2014, and was loaned out to Boston United in August 2015, but left Vale in January 2016 without making a first team appearance. He moved on to Moldovan side Zaria Bălți – winning the Moldovan Cup in 2016 – and Georgian side Zugdidi, before he returned to England in August 2017 to sign with Dover Athletic.

Club career

Chelsea
Deen-Conteh was born in Sierra Leone but grew up in Deptford, England, joining Chelsea at the age of 13. He played both legs of the club's FA Youth Cup final victory over Aston Villa in 2010. He was given a two-year professional contract by manager Carlo Ancelotti. He was a member of their Champions League squad for the 2012–13 season, though he did not make an appearance for them. After being released by the club in June 2013, he went on trial with Millwall the following month. He came close to joining Notts County, but negotiations broke down at the last minute.

Ergotelis
He signed for Greek club Ergotelis on a two-year contract in August 2013. He found the left-back spot occupied by the club captain and made only seven first team appearances at the Pankritio Stadium in the second half of the 2013–14 season. He left the club after the Greek financial crisis left the club unable to pay player's wages.

Port Vale
He began training with English League One side Port Vale in November 2014, and signed for the club on a deal running until summer 2017 after impressing during his trial spell.

He joined National League North club Boston United on a one-month loan on 11 August 2015. Again he found himself behind a club captain in the pecking order, with Carl Dickinson rarely missing a game at left-back. He was released by Port Vale in January 2016, having not made a first team appearance at Vale Park. He went on to say "I didn't really get along with the gaffer", and said Rob Page "wasn't thinking about the players, he wasn't thinking about the club, he was thinking about himself".

Later career
Deen-Conteh joined Moldovan National Division club Zaria Bălți soon after leaving Port Vale. He played eight games for the club, including a substitute appearance in the 2016 final of the Moldovan Cup at Zimbru Stadium as Zaria beat Milsami Orhei 1–0 after extra time. After the leaving the club he considered signing with league rivals FC Milsami, but instead moved to Georgian side Zugdidi later in 2016. He left Zugdidi in October 2016 after the club struggled to pay his wages.

On 24 August 2017, Deen-Conteh returned to England to sign with National League side Dover Athletic. He made his debut for the "Whites" when he came off the bench in a 1–0 defeat at Macclesfield Town on 25 August. He went on to make a further three substitute appearances before he was released from the Crabble Athletic Ground upon the expiry of his contract at the end of the 2017–18 season. He spent time on the bench at Dulwich Hamlet in September 2018, without being signed to a contract.

International career
Deen-Conteh represented England at youth international level, appearing for the under-16 and under-19 teams. In March 2013 he committed his international football to Sierra Leone, the country of his birth, after being called up by their senior national team; however, he was unable to play due to an expired passport. He was called up again in May 2013, alongside fellow Chelsea player Samuel Bangura. He was not given clearance to play for the senior team however and expressed doubts over whether he would accept any further call-ups as he criticised the Sierra Leone Football Association for their organisational skills. However, Deen-Conteh ended up getting called up and capped officially by Sierra Leone, and made his debut against Malawi.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Chelsea
FA Youth Cup: 2010

Zaria Bălți
Moldovan Cup: 2016

References

1993 births
Living people
People from Bo District
Sierra Leonean men's footballers
Sierra Leone men's international footballers
English men's footballers
England men's youth international footballers
English sportspeople of Sierra Leonean descent
Chelsea F.C. players
Ergotelis F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
CSF Bălți players
Dinamo Zugdidi players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Dulwich Hamlet F.C. players
Super League Greece players
National League (English football) players
Moldovan Super Liga players
Erovnuli Liga players
Men's association football fullbacks
Sierra Leonean expatriate men's footballers
Sierra Leonean expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Sierra Leonean expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Sierra Leonean expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
Sierra Leonean expatriate sportspeople in Georgia (country)
Expatriate men's footballers in Georgia (country)
Sierra Leonean emigrants to the United Kingdom
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
English expatriate sportspeople in Greece
English expatriate sportspeople in Georgia (country)
English expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Naturalised association football players

Aziz Deen-Conteh


Toledo is a surname of Spanish origin, after the city of Toledo. Notable people with the surname include:

Historical
Saint Casilda of Toledo (died 1050), Spanish Catholic Saint
Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo (1553–1576), wife of Pietro de' Medici
Eleanor of Toledo (1522–1562), Duchess of Florence, wife of Cosimo I
Fadrique de Toledo (1580-1622), Spanish nobleman and Admiral
Francisco Hernández de Toledo (1514–1587), naturalist and court physician to the King of Spain
Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa (1515–1584), Spanish Viceroy of Peru
Juan Bautista de Toledo (c.1515–1567), Spanish architect
María de Toledo (1490–1549), Vicereine of the Spanish Colony of Santo Domingo
Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Marquis of Villafranca (1484–1553) Viceroy of Naples
Pedro de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Mancera (1585–1654), Spanish Viceroy of Peru

Contemporary
Adam Toledo (2007 – 2021), Mexican American boy fatally shot by police
Alejandro Toledo (b. 1946), 63rd President of Peru
Amelia Toledo (1926–2017), Brazilian artist
Antonio Toledo Corro (1919–2018), Mexican politician
Ary Toledo (b. 1937), Brazilian humorist, singer, lyricist and actor
Baldomero Toledo (b. 1970), American football (soccer) referee
Beline Toledo (b. 2002), Mexican footballer
Bob Toledo (b. 1946), American college football coach
Francisco Toledo (1940–2019), contemporary Mexican artist
Filipe Toledo (b. 1995), Brazilian professional surfer
Felipe Toledo (b. 1995), Optimisation Engineer
Gabriel Toledo, (b. 1991), known as FalleN, Brazilian Counter-Strike player
Goya Toledo (b. 1969), Spanish actress and model
Guillermo Toledo (b. 1970), Spanish actor, producer and political activist
Hernán Toledo (b. 1996), Argentinian football (soccer) player
Isabel Toledo (1961–2019), Cuban-American fashion designer
Javier Toledo (b. 1986), Argentinian football (soccer) player
Jose Victor Toledo (1931–1980), American federal judge
Juan Pedro Toledo (b. 1978), Mexican sprint athlete
Klebber Toledo (b. 1986), Brazilian actor and model
Mario Monteforte Toledo (1911–2003), Guatemalan writer and politician
Mirta Toledo (b. 1952), Argentinian artist
Natalia Toledo (b. 1968), Mexican poet
Natalia Toledo (athlete) (b. 1972), Paraguayan track & field athlete
Patricia Toledo (b. 1978), Brazilian football (soccer) player
Rafael Toledo (b. 1980), Brazilian football (soccer) player
Robson Toledo (b. 1981), Brazilian football (soccer) player
Víctor Manuel Toledo (b. 1945), Mexican biologist and politician
Will Toledo, (b. 1992), American singer/songwriter, frontman of Car Seat Headrest

Spanish-language surnames
Spanish toponymic surnames

Toledo (surname)


The Day of the Owl (, released in the United States as Mafia)  is a 1968 crime drama film directed by Damiano Damiani, based on the 1961 novel of the same name by Leonardo Sciascia, adapted for the screen by Damiani and Ugo Pirro. It stars Franco Nero, Claudia Cardinale, and Lee J. Cobb. Set in a small Sicilian town, the story follows a Carabinieri chief investigating a murder, hampered by the deep-seated presence of the Mafia that perpetuates a culture of silence.

The film was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 1968 Berlin International Film Festival and won three David di Donatello Awards; Best Film, Best Actor (for Nero), and Best Actress (for Cardinale).

Plot
In Sicily, truck driver Salvatore Colasberna is murdered while delivering a load of cement to a highway construction project. The murder takes place within sight and earshot of the house of Rosa Nicolosi (Cardinale) and her husband. Police captain Bellodi (Nero) hears that there may be irregularities in the construction of the highway that amount to corruption. He is also told that Rosa has loose morals, though she denies it strenuously and claims that she has been faithful to her husband.

Bellodi is unable to determine whether Colasberna was murdered because he stumbled onto a corruption racket or because he was a lover of Rosa, and was shot by her husband, who disappeared after the murder. Another possibility is that Nicolosi saw the murderer and was also murdered, or went into hiding fearing for his life.

Bellodi is thwarted by an honour system, where witnesses lie and withhold information out of allegiance to the local Mafia don, Mariano Arena (Cobb). He resorts to unorthodox strategies of jailing witnesses, forging statements, and confronting witnesses with false accusations by others, even going so far as arresting Arena.

Cast

Production
In 1967, director Elio Petri adapted Leonardo Sciascia's novel To Each His Own as We Still Kill the Old Way. The film was a box office hit in Italy, which led to producers Ermano Donati and Luigi Carpentieri to green-light the adaptation of another Sciascia novel they had purchased, The Day of the Owl. The script was developed by director Damiano Damiani and Ugo Pirro. Pirro had previously adapted To Each His Own for Petri's film. Damiani and Pirro created a radically different story from the novel, with Pirro explaining that when writing "a script based on a novel, I usually don't respect the book's structure, To me, the book is a hint: I must try and preserve its message by using a different language." Pirro and Damiani retained the book's famous line where the character of Don Mariano splits humanity into five categories: "men, half-men, pigmies, arse-crawlers, and quackers."

The Day of the Owl was filmed at Incir - De Paolis in Rome and on location in Partinico, Sicily where Damiani shot most of the film. Assistant director Mino Giarda would state that during filming, the production received anonymous threatening letters when filming in Sicily. Giarda specifically noted that one day someone had fired bullets at a truck carrying the dailies. Girada stated that dialogue in the script that made reference to the complicity between Italy's largest political party and the mafia was the reasoning behind the shooting.

Release
The Day of the Owl was released in Italy on 17 February 1968 where it was distributed by Euro International Films. On the film's initial release, it was labelled as forbidden to minors by the Board of Censors who declared it was banned due to frequent use of profanity, its "harsh and corrosive criticism of institutions" and a lack of a happy ending. This rating was removed later when a few lines were re-dubbed. The film grossed a total of 1,335,244,000 Italian lire on its initial theatrical run. The film was later released in France in 1969 with a runtime of 100 minutes.

The Day of the Owl was released on DVD as Mafia in the United States by Wild East as part of a double feature with I Am the Law.

Reception
In Italy, producers Luigi Carpentieri and Ermanno Donati won the Nastro d'Argento award for Best Producer for the film. In a contemporary review, "Werb." of Variety referred to the film as "a skillfully-made, well-acted picture-blending social satire dramatic intensity and comic localisms, that should draw and hold audiences in all markets." "Werb." went on to state that three factors enhanced the film: the original novel by Leonardo Sciascia, the adaptation by Ugo Pirro and "Lee J. Cobb's outstanding performance, unsuspected thesping by Claudia Cardinale and a credible attempt from Franco Nero in a part calling for a more mature actor."

See also
 Claudia Cardinale filmography
 List of Italian films of 1968
 List of French films of 1968

Notes

References

External links

1968 films
1960s crime thriller films
1960s mystery films
Italian crime thriller films
1960s Italian-language films
English-language Italian films
1960s English-language films
Films about the Sicilian Mafia
Films based on Italian novels
Films set in Sicily
Poliziotteschi films
Films directed by Damiano Damiani
Films based on works by Leonardo Sciascia
Films with screenplays by Ugo Pirro
Films shot in Italy
Films scored by Giovanni Fusco
1960s Italian films

The Day of the Owl (film)


Puviraja Pandaram () (died 1591) ruled the Jaffna kingdom during a period of chaos during and after the death of his father Cankili I in 1565. He became king in 1561 following a local uprising against Cankili I. Although he was the nominal king, Cankili I wielded real power behind the throne until his death in 1565. After Cankili's death, Puviraja Pandaram lost power to one Kasi Nainar and Periyapillai. After the death or abdication of Periyapillai in 1582, Puviraja Pandarm was nominated as the king for the second time.

During his second tenure he attempted to wrest the control of the pearl-rich Mannar Island from the Portuguese by attacking the fort by sea and land. He was defeated in both attempts.

After the occupation of Kandy by Rajasinha I of Sitawaka, Puviraja Pandaram gave refuge and protection to the sole surviving member of the Kandyan Royal family, the infant, Princess Kusumasana, who was baptized, as Dona Catherina (The daughter of Karaliedde Bandara).

Eventually Puviraja Pandaram was captured and beheaded by Portuguese in a battle during the second Portuguese expedition against Jaffna Kingdom led by André Furtado de Mendonça in 1591. He was succeeded by his son Ethirimana Cinkam.

Notes

References

1591 deaths
Kings of Jaffna
Sri Lankan Hindus
Sri Lankan Tamil royalty
Year of birth unknown
16th-century monarchs in Asia

Puviraja Pandaram


Timothy Richard Sullivan is a Canadian composer, pianist, and music educator. A member of the Canadian League of Composers and an associate of the Canadian Music Centre, he has been commissioned to write works for ARRAYMUSIC, Donald Bell, and the Stratford Festival among others. He is particularly known for his operas and was notably composer-in-residence at the Canadian Opera Company in 1987-1988. His composition are noted for their use of various media and incorporation of several musical idioms, including jazz, chance music, traditional harmony, and serialism.

Life and career
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Sullivan began studying the piano at the age of 15 and at the age of 20 moved to Toronto to pursue studies in music composition with Samuel Dolin. In 1975 he entered the University of Toronto where he was a pupil of Walter Buczynski and John Beckwith. From the university he earned a Bachelor of Music in 1979, a Master of Music in 1980 and a Doctor of Music in 1999.

In 1979 Sullivan joined the faculty at The Royal Conservatory of Music (RCMT) where he taught for the next decade. He notably was director of the RCMT's composition program from 1985-1989 and in 1986 founded the school's Contemporary Music Ensemble. In 1989-1990 he taught music composition at the University of Victoria.

Kyla Greenbaum (married name Crowcroft) recorded Sullivan's Piano Sonata No 1 in 1977 in Toronto.
But he first obtained wide notice for his opera Tomorrow and Tomorrow, a monodrama for soprano, chamber ensemble, and tape. The work successfully premiered by the Center for Contemporary Opera in New York City on 28 March 1987 and was subsequently broadcast on CBC Television on 19 February 1989 in a performance starring Iraina Neufeld. His second opera Dream Play was also highly praised at its premiered on 11 May 1988 in Toronto in a performance by the Canadian Opera Company. His opera Florence premiered at the Elora Festival in 1992.

From 1992 to 2005, Sullivan composed extensively for dance, including modern dance, ballet and Bharatanatyam. Notable choreographer-collaborators were William Douglas (Apollon, La Zone d'Or); John Alleyne (The Archeology of Karl, In the Course of Sleeping and Adrian, Angel on Earth); Menaka Thakkar (Untitled, Land of Cards); and Lata Pada (Cosmos, Revealed by Fire.)

Currently, he is a music educator at Earl Haig Secondary School, Toronto, Ontario.

References

External links
Bio of Timothy Sullivan at the Canadian Music Centre

1954 births
Canadian classical composers
Canadian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Canadian opera composers
Living people
Canadian male classical composers
Male opera composers
Musicians from Ottawa
Academic staff of The Royal Conservatory of Music
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria
Canadian male pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century Canadian male musicians

Timothy Sullivan (composer)


Anders Rambech (2 September 1767 – 14 September 1836) was a Norwegian district stipendiary magistrate and politician.

He was born at the mountain village of Kvikne in Tynset, Hedmark, Norway.  He worked as a clerk in the office of Magistrate of Orkdal in Sør-Trøndelag. In 1793,  he graduated with a law degree from the University of Copenhagen.  From 1800 he served as magistrate in Orkdal. When the copper mines in his home town was closed in 1812,  he arranged for assistance for the poor.

Anders Rambech represented Søndre Trondhjems amt at the Norwegian Constituent Assembly in 1814, and was elected to the Parliament in 1815, 1818, 1824 and 1827.

References

1767 births
1836 deaths
People from Tynset
Fathers of the Constitution of Norway
Members of the Storting

Anders Rambech


Guy Mariano (born March 31, 1976) is an American professional skateboarder. Mariano first gained recognition at the age of 14 for his video part in the Blind Skateboards video Video Days (1991).

Early life
Mariano attended John Burroughs High School in Burbank, California.

Professional skateboarding
Val Surf, a Californian retail outlet, was Mariano's first ever sponsor. Mariano's first skateboard deck sponsor was Powell Peralta and he appeared in the company's video "Ban This", alongside Paulo Diaz, Rudy Johnson, and Gabriel Rodriguez.

Together with Mark Gonzales, Jason Lee, Jordan Richter, and Rudy Johnson, Mariano appeared in the Blind video, Video Days, considered a classic achievement in skateboarding history. Skateboarder magazine brought together all of the video's members for a reunion article that celebrated twenty years since the video's release, while Gonzales has since been named the most influential skateboarder of all time by the Transworld Skateboarding magazine. Professional skateboarder, Paul Rodriguez explained in 2003 that he first saw Video Days in 1999 to better understand why his generation skated the way it did and also because the video inspired him to skateboard.

Mariano joined professional skateboarders Rodney Mullen, Jeron Wilson, Andrew Reynolds, Gershon Mosley, Ryan Wilburn, Heath Kirchart, and Mike York on a trip to Australia for the filming of a documentary entitled Canvas. The film was co-directed by Matt Hill, part owner of Globe.

Following Blind, Mariano joined the Girl Skateboards team and appeared in the video Mouse (1996). Since joining the Girl team, Mariano has appeared in every major Girl video production since the company's inception.

Following a hiatus related to illicit drug use, Mariano returned to professional skateboarding in 2005. Mariano contributed a part in Lakai Limited Footwear's skateboarding video Fully Flared and won the "Best Street", "Best Video Part", and "Readers Choice" awards at the 2008 awards event that is presented annually by the Transworld Skateboarding magazine—the video itself won the "Best Video"award. Mariano did not present a pre-written speech after receiving any of the awards and was quoted as stating, "I'm older than most of you so I'm going to cry." after his "Best Street" accolade and "I love everybody! I love skateboarding" following the announcement of the "Best Video Part" decision.

In 2012, Mariano appeared in Pretty Sweet, a collaborative video between the Girl and Chocolate brands, and received the closing video part, a symbol of a video part's excellence (often referred to as the video's "ender"). Initially, Mariano was merely going to be featured in a montage section, but after he was encouraged by the video's filmer, Ty Evans, to "focus more" on his "stuff", Mariano eventually assembled enough footage for a full video part that features a number of tricks that were filmed in China. Mariano revealed in a 2012 interview that the filming process for the video was very physically intensive and "ice baths, massage therapy and chiropractic adjustments" were factors in the completion of the part. Following his Pretty Sweet video part, a level of anticipation developed in regard to the awarding of the Skater of the Year (SOTY) trophy to Mariano by Thrasher magazine and Gary Rogers, from the Internet show, Skateline, was a significant contributor to this momentum—the award was eventually given to David González.

Company owner
Mariano co-founded the Royal Trucks skateboard truck company with Rudy Johnson in 1999, and is also a part owner in the Fourstar clothing brand with Eric Koston.

Awards and accolades
Following his return from an extended period of leave from professional skateboarding, Mariano received the awards for "Best Street Skater" and "Best Video Part" (for Fully Flared) at the 10th Annual Transworld SKATEboarding Awards.

Mariano received the Best Video Part award again at the 15th Transworld award event for his closing part in the Girl/Chocolate co-production Pretty Sweet.

Professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez identified Mariano in his "top ten" list of favorite professional skateboarders in July 2013. Rodriguez stated: "He's just one of those guys that did legendary things that people who were there witnessed and you would just hear about. Then taking such a long hiatus and coming back from that better than ever."

Personal life
Mariano is Italian-American and has revealed that, at the age of 37, professional skateboarding has led to significant difficulties in his personal life:

"I made a lot of sacrifices—I missed my mom's birthdays, my girlfriend's birthdays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, because I was on skate trips. I have to put a lot of my life on hold to be a skateboarder at this age. A lot of people are moving on in life and having babies and families, but I'm still not around every weekend. It can get a little old for the people around you in your life, you know?"

References

Thrasher Magazine, 14 page article with Guy Mariano, November 2005 issue
Telephone interview Transworld SKATEboarding, February 2007

American skateboarders
Living people
1976 births
American people of Italian descent
Sportspeople from Los Angeles

Guy Mariano


Parkview, also known as a "Saint Louis Urban Oasis," is a historic, private subdivision of St. Louis, Missouri.  It is partly within the city limits of St. Louis and partly in University City.  It is bounded by the Skinker-DeBaliviere neighborhood to the east, the Delmar Loop to the north, the Ames Place section of University City to the west, Washington University in St. Louis to the south, and Forest Park to the southeast.

History

Much of the land that became Parkview was, in the mid-19th century, contained in the Kingsbury Farm.  In 1905, surveyor Julius Pitzman, also the designer of Forest Park, was hired to lay out Parkview. Parkview was the largest and the last of the private neighborhoods designed by Julius Pitzman (he also designed Portland and Westmoreland Places and Compton Heights).   His elegant design for the  neighborhood includes a partly symmetrical arrangement of gently curved streets and parks. Curving streets in residential subdivisions was unusual for the period, and in Parkview they were "soothing and peaceful" to the eye. They added privacy as the streets curve gently out of sight, and they diminished the monotony of the continuous building setback. By 1907 Parkview's first houses were under construction.  By 1916, most of Parkview's 255 houses had been built.  Most are 3-story brick homes and many are architecturally striking; included are several excellent examples of Colonial Revival style and of Arts and Crafts architecture.  In 1986, the neighborhood was accepted into the National Register of Historic Places under the name of "Parkview Historic District."

Over the years, a large number of notable St. Louisans have made their home in Parkview.  The list includes Missouri Governor Henry Caulfield; St. Louis mayor Bernard Dickmann; University City mayors Heman, Flynn and Cunningham; artists Bessie Lowenhaupt, Aimee Schweig, Jane Pettus, Edmund Wuerpel and Gustav Goetch; writers Stanley Elkin and William Gass; aviation great General James (Jimmy) Doolittle; baseball players George Sisler and Bob Gibson; and film maker Charles Guggenheim.  Today it is home to many writers, physicians, lawyers, scientists, and professors.  It is considered a highly desirable residential area, and its homes routinely sell for over $800,000.

References

Further reading
Gass, M. H., J. Eberle and J. Little (2005) Parkview: A Saint Louis Urban Oasis, 1905-2005.  St. Louis: Virginia Publishing Co.

External links

Parkview website
Parkview - National & Local Historic Recognition. Retrieved on 2008-04-02.

Neighborhoods in St. Louis
Buildings and structures in St. Louis County, Missouri
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis
National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis County, Missouri

Parkview, St. Louis


Carlo Matteucci (20 or 21 June 1811 – 25 June 1868) was an Italian physicist and neurophysiologist who was a pioneer in the study of bioelectricity.

Biography
Carlo Matteucci was born at Forlì, in the province of Romagna, to Vincenzo Matteucci, a physician, and Chiara Folfi. He studied mathematics at the University of Bologna from 1825 to 1828, receiving his doctorate in 1829. From 1829 to 1831, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, France. Upon returning to Italy, Matteucci studied at Bologna (1832), Florence, Ravenna (1837) and Pisa. He established himself as the head of the laboratory of the Hospital of Ravenna and became a professor of physics at the local college. In 1840, by recommendation of François Arago (1786–1853), his teacher at the École Polytechnique, to the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, Matteucci accepted a post of professor of physics at the University of Pisa.

Instigated by the work of Luigi Galvani (1737–1798) on bioelectricity, Matteucci began in 1830 a series of experiments which he pursued until his death in 1865. Using a sensitive galvanometer of Leopoldo Nobili, he was able to prove that injured excitable biological tissues generated direct electrical currents, and that they could be summed up by adding elements in series, like in Alessandro Volta's (1745-1827) electric pile. Thus, Mateucci was able to develop what he called a "rheoscopic frog", by using the cut nerve of a frog's leg and its attached muscle as a kind of sensitive electricity detector. His work in bioelectricity influenced directly the research developed by Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896), a student of the great German biologist Johannes Peter Müller (1801–1858) in Berlin, who tried the duplicate Matteucci's experiments and ended up discovering the nerve's action potential. In 1844, for these studies, Matteucci was awarded with the Copley medal by the Royal Society.

From 1847, he took an active part in politics, and in 1860 was chosen an Italian senator, at the same time becoming inspector-general of the Italian telegraph lines. Two years later he was appointed Minister of Education.

Matteucci died in the Ardenza neighbourhood of Livorno in 1868.

Works

Matteucci was the author of four scientific treatises in physics:
  (2 vols., Pisa, 1841)
  (Pisa, 1844)
  (Pisa, 1850)
 , etc. (Paris, 1854).
  (1844)

  (1857)

His numerous papers were published in the  (1829–1858); and most of them also appeared at the time in the Italian scientific journals. They relate almost entirely to electrical phenomena, such as the magnetic rotation of light, the action of gas batteries, the effects of torsion on magnetism, the electric polarization of electrodes, etc., sufficiently complete accounts of which are given in Wiedemann's .

Nine memoirs, entitled Electro-Physiological Researches, were published in the Philosophical Transactions, 1845–1860. See Bianchi's  (Rome, 1874).

See also
 Matteucci effect
 Matteucci Medal

Bibliography
 Matteucci C., "Sur un phenomene physiologique produit par les muscles en contraction", Ann. Chim. Phys. 1842, 6, 339–341.

References

External links

1811 births
1868 deaths
Education ministers of Italy
19th-century Italian physicists
Italian neuroscientists
Recipients of the Copley Medal
People from Forlì
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia
University of Bologna alumni
École Polytechnique alumni

Carlo Matteucci


VE9EC was a Canadian experimental television station, based in Montreal, Quebec, which broadcast between October 9, 1931 and 1935, showing neon red pictures. It was owned by La Presse and CKAC radio station. VE9EC was a mechanical television broadcast of 60 to 150 lines of resolution at 41 MHz. VE9EC broadcast musical programmes and a radio play, La paix chez soi, starring Henri Letondal, until 1933. Other broadcasting experiments with mechanical television took place, in particular by the Montreal department store Eaton's also in 1933.

References

Defunct television stations in Canada
Experimental television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1931
1931 establishments in Quebec
1935 disestablishments in Canada
Television stations in Montreal
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1935
Defunct mass media in Quebec

VE9EC


व्हिप वॉर्म The human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura or Trichocephalus trichiuris) is a round worm (a type of helminth) that causes trichuriasis (a type of helminthiasis which is one of the neglected tropical diseases) when it infects a human large intestine. It is commonly known as the whipworm which refers to the shape of the worm; it looks like a whip with wider "handles" at the posterior end.

Life cycle

The female T. trichiura produces 2,000–10,000 single-celled eggs per day. Eggs are deposited from human feces to soil where, after two to three weeks, they become embryonated and enter the "infective" stage. These embryonated infective eggs are ingested and hatch in the human small intestine exploiting the intestinal microflora as hatching stimulus. This is the location of growth and molting. The infective larvae penetrate the villi and continue to develop in the small intestine. The young worms move to the ceacum and penetrate the mucosa and there they complete development to adult worms in the large intestine. The life cycle from time of ingestion of eggs to development of mature worms takes approximately three months. During this time, there may be limited signs of infection in stool samples due to lack of egg production and shedding. The female T. trichiura begin to lay eggs after three months of maturity. Worms can live up to five years, during which time females can lay up to 20,000 eggs per day.

Recent studies using genome-wide scan revealed two quantitative trait loci on chromosome 9 and chromosome 18 may be responsible for genetic predisposition or susceptibility to infection of T. trichiura by some individuals.

Morphology
Trichuris trichiura has a narrow anterior esophageal end and shorter and thicker posterior anus. These pinkish-white worms are threaded through the mucosa. They attach to the host through their slender anterior end and feed on tissue secretions instead of blood. Females are larger than males; approximately 35–50 mm long compared to 30–45 mm. The females have a bluntly round posterior end compared to their male counterparts with a coiled posterior end. Their characteristic eggs are barrel-shaped and brown, and have bipolar protuberances.

Infection
Infection occurs through ingestion of eggs and is more common in warmer areas. Whipworms eggs are passed in the feces of infected persons, and if an infected person defecates outside or if untreated human feces as used as fertilizer, eggs are deposited on soil where they can mature into an infective stage. Ingestion of these eggs "can happen when hands or fingers that have contaminated dirt on them are put in the mouth or by consuming vegetables or fruits that have not been carefully cooked, washed or peeled." The eggs hatch in the small intestine, and then move into the wall of the small intestine and develop. On reaching adulthood, the thinner end (the front of the worm) burrows into the large intestine and the thicker end hangs into the lumen and mates with nearby worms. The females can grow to  long. Neither the male nor the female has much of a visible tail past the anus.

Whipworm commonly infects patients also infected with Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, and hookworms.

Epidemiology
There is a worldwide distribution of Trichuris trichiura, with an estimated 1 billion human infections. However, it is chiefly tropical, especially in Asia and, to a lesser degree, in Africa and South America. Within the United States, infection is rare overall but may be common in the rural Southeast, where 2.2 million people are thought to be infected. Poor hygiene is associated with trichuriasis as well as the consumption of shaded moist soil, or food that may have been fecally contaminated. Children are especially vulnerable to infection due to their high exposure risk. Eggs are infective about 2–3 weeks after they are deposited in the soil under proper conditions of warmth and moisture, hence its tropical distribution.

Other animals

Whipworms develop when a dog swallows whipworm eggs, passed from an infected dog. Symptoms may include diarrhea, anemia, and dehydration. The dog whipworm (Trichuris vulpis) is commonly found in the U.S. It is hard to detect at times, because the numbers of eggs shed are low, and they are shed in waves. Centrifugation is the preferred method. There are several preventives available by prescription from a veterinarian to prevent dogs from getting whipworm.

The cat whipworm is a rare parasite. In Europe, it is represented mostly by Trichuris campanula, and in North America it is Trichuris serrata more often. Whipworm eggs found in cats in North America must be differentiated from lungworms, and from mouse whipworm eggs just passing through.

Treatment of inflammatory disorders
The hygiene hypothesis suggests that various immunological disorders that have been observed in humans only within the last 100 years, such as Crohn's disease, or that have become more common during that period as hygienic practices have become more widespread, may result from a lack of exposure to parasitic worms (also called helminths) during childhood. The use of Trichuris suis ova (TSO, or pig whipworm eggs) by Weinstock, et al., as a therapy for treating Crohn's disease and to a lesser extent ulcerative colitis are two examples that support this hypothesis. There is also anecdotal evidence that treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with TSO decreases the incidence of asthma, allergy, and other inflammatory disorders.[citation needed] Some scientific evidence suggests that the course of multiple sclerosis may be very favorably altered by helminth infection; TSO is being studied as a treatment for this disease.

References

विपवारम


The Sweden  National Renewable Energy Action Plan is the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for Sweden. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how Sweden planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 49% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020.

Main targets in Sweden
In the NREAP, the Federal Government estimates the share of renewable energies in gross final energy consumption to be 50.2% in 2020. The share of renewable energies in the electricity sector will thereby amount to 62.8%, the share in the heating/cooling sector will be 62%, while in the transport sector it will amount to 12.4%.

Main incentives and laws in Sweden
The Swedish licensing and legislative system is so structured that the Swedish Parliament and the Government govern through laws and regulations that are applied by national authorities that autonomously interpret and implement these laws and regulations. At a national level, there are regional government authorities and county administrative boards that have the task of coordinating and implementing the targets and mandates stipulated by the national authorities.

Special for Wind Power

There are four wind power coordinators and a national network for wind power within the area of wind power. Furthermore, the Swedish Energy Agency has, on behalf of the Government, developed an Internet-based manual about wind power (Vindlov.se) for all of the information that is needed for licensing matters regarding wind power and information on most things from concept stage to the commissioning of the completed wind farm.

Special for Solar Power

Solar heating installations need to meet certain quality standards in order to benefit from solar heating funding.

Financial Support Systems in Sweden
The Electricity certificate scheme
Support for planning initiatives for wind power
Governmental support for solar photovoltaic cells
Aid for investment in solar energy

References

Renewable energy policy
Action plans
Renewable energy in Sweden


Maciu Navakasuasua is a Fijian public figure and former political organizer. An explosives expert, Navakasuasua said that on behalf of the Nationalist Vanua Tako Lavo Party, an extremist party which advocated the "repatriation" to India of Indo-Fijians, two prominent businessmen had tried to hire him to assassinate Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry in 1999 while he was passing through Nadi International Airport. Navakasuasua served a three-year prison sentence on Nukulau Island for coup-related offences.

In an interview with the Fiji Sun in September 2005, Navakasuasua claimed that George Speight was just a frontman for the coup. He had been co-opted by the organizers one day before the execution of the coup, on 19 May 2000, and had proceeded to usurp the leadership, Navakasuasua claimed.

Navakasuasua, who told the Sun that a religious conversion experience had led him to confess what he knew, alleged that some police officers were not taking the investigation of coup-suspects seriously enough, noting that his own 13-page submission had been largely ignored. Among other allegations, Navakasuasua implicated then Cabinet Minister Konisi Yabaki in the coup plot, allegations angrily denied by Yabaki.

The Sun reported on 13 March 2006 that Navakasuasua had recently met Military Commander Commodore Frank Bainimarama and had revealed all that he knew about the individuals involved in the planning and execution of the coup. Bainimarama confirmed the meeting, which he described as "fruitful."  Navakasuasua endorsed claims that he had been threatened with death if he ever returned to Fiji. The claims, made by coup accomplice Josaia Waqabaca, had been reported to the police and the army, and by Commodore Bainimarama, who said he was not surprised as Navakasuasua had implicated some powerful people.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Ra Province
Fijian prisoners and detainees
I-Taukei Fijian people
Fijian nationalists

Maciu Navakasuasua


Ibrahim Pasha may refer to the following Ottoman statesmen:

 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1429), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Murad II
 Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1499), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Bayezid II, grandson of Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha
 Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (1493–1536), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Suleiman the Magnificent (1523–1536), and governor of Egypt (1525)
 Damad Ibrahim Pasha (died 1601), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Ahmed II
 Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1604), Ottoman statesman, governor of Egypt (1604), murdered in mutiny
 Ibrahim Pasha (Ottoman governor of Bosnia) (fl. 1610–1620), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Deli Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1620–1630), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Defterdarzade Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1639), Ottoman Minister of Finance
 Gabela Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1645), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Ibrahim Pasha of Algiers (fl. 1657–1659), Ottoman governor of the Regency of Algiers
 Teşnak Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1670), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Koca Arnaud Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1670), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha (died 1687), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier (1683–1685), and governor of Egypt (1669–1673)
 Ibrahim-pasha (fl. 1690–1700), Ottoman governor of Temeşvar Eyalet
 Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1703), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Hoca Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1713), Ottoman grand vizier
 Moralı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1725), Ottoman statesman, governor of various provinces, including Egypt (1709–1710)
 Kabakulak Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1730), Ottoman grand vizier, governor of Bosnia
 Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1666–1730), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier during the Tulip Era
 Ibrahim Pasha al-Azm (fl. 1740), Ottoman governor of Sidon Eyalet
 Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1775), Ottoman statesman and governor of Egypt (1774–1775)
 Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha ( 1758–1768), Ottoman Grand Admiral, see list of Kapudan Pashas
 Ibrahim Pasha of Berat, 18th-century ruler of the Pashalik of Berat
 Ibrahim Pasha Baban ( 1783–1784), Kurdish leader who founded Sulaymaniyah
 Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi (fl. 1788–1789), Ottoman governor of Damascus
 Ibrahim Pasha Qataraghasi, Ottoman governor of Aleppo and Damascus
 Ibrahim Bushati (died 1810), Pasha of Shkodër
 Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt (1789–1848), Egyptian general and eldest son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt
 Hilmi Ibrahim Pasha (fl. 1800–1820), Ottoman governor of Bosnia and Crete
 Ibrahim Sarim Pasha (1801–1853), Ottoman statesman
 Ibrahim Dervish Pasha (fl. 1872), Ottoman governor of Bosnia
 Ibrahim Edhem Pasha (1819–1893), Ottoman statesman, grand vizier to Abdulhamid II
 Ali Ibrahim Pasha, Egypt Minister of Education (1879–1881)
 Ibrahim Ilhami Pasha (1836–1860), son of Abbas I of Egypt
 Ibrahim Fehmi Pasha (1838–1896), Ottoman statesman
 Ibrahim Hakki Pasha (1862–1918), Ottoman statesman
 Abdel Fattah Yahya Ibrahim Pasha (1876–1951), Egyptian political figure

Ibrahim Pasha


Samuel Truett Cathy (March 14, 1921  September 8, 2014) was an American businessman, investor, author, and philanthropist. He founded the fast food restaurant chain Chick-fil-A in 1946.

Early life
Cathy was born on March 14, 1921, in Eatonton, Georgia, the son of Lilla James (née Kimball) and Joseph Benjamin Cathy. He attended Boys High School (renamed Henry W. Grady High School in 1947 and Midtown High School in 2020) in Atlanta and later served in the United States Army during World War II. Cathy began the Chick-fil-A restaurant chain in the Atlanta suburb of Hapeville in 1946 with a restaurant called the Dwarf Grill, whose name arose because of its small size. It was there that he, along with his brother and business partner Ben, created the chicken sandwich that later became the signature menu item for Chick-fil-A. The original restaurant (since renamed Dwarf House) is still in operation, and the company operates other Dwarf House locations in the metro Atlanta area. He married Jeannette McNeil, and they had three children: Trudy, Don "Bubba", and Dan.

Career
Cathy was a member of the First Baptist Church in Jonesboro, Georgia, and taught Sunday School there for more than 50 years. He said that the Bible is his guidebook for life. Due to his strong religious beliefs, all of the company's locations, whether company-owned or franchised, are closed on Sundays to allow its employees to attend church and spend time with their families. This policy began when Cathy was working six days a week, multiple shifts. He decided to close on Sundays.

Cathy wrote five books: the autobiography Eat Mor Chikin: Inspire More People, a motivational book entitled It's Easier to Succeed Than to Fail, the parenting book It's Better to Build Boys Than Mend Men, an explanation of his business success in How Did You Do It, Truett?, and a final book on the significance of money in today's society titled Wealth, Is It Worth It?. He also contributed to the anthologies What My Parents Did Right and Conversations on Success, and co-wrote with Ken Blanchard Generosity Factor: Discover the Joy of Giving Your Time, Talent, and Treasure. McDonough-Fayetteville Road in Fayette, Henry, and Clayton counties, is named in his honor. Cathy said that the motivational book Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill was one of the greatest foundations for inspiration growing up.

In April 2008, he opened Upscale Pizza in Fayetteville, Georgia. In November 2013, he retired as both chairman and CEO of Chick-fil-A, leaving his son, Dan Cathy, to assume the roles.

Death
S. Truett Cathy died at his home on September 8, 2014, of diabetic complications at the age of 93. The family held a public funeral service on Wednesday, September 10, at First Baptist Church, Jonesboro, Georgia. His interment was at Greenwood Cemetery.

His widow, Jeannette Cathy, died in 2015 at age 92.

Philanthropy
Cathy was closely involved with the sponsorship of the college football bowl game now known as the Chick-fil-A Bowl, but from 1997 to 2005 known as the Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl, and prior to that simply as the Peach Bowl. On October 28, 2006, Cathy received the last Taurus off the assembly line of Ford's Atlanta plant, in recognition of a 60-year relationship between him and the plant. The plant, located near Cathy's original Dwarf Grill (now Dwarf House), opened one year after the restaurant opened, and Truett regularly served during all three shifts at the plant.

Cathy had a Leadership Scholarship program for Chick-fil-A restaurant employees, which has awarded more than $23 million in $1,000 scholarships in the past 35 years. In 1984, Cathy established the WinShape Foundation, named for its mission to shape winners. In addition, Cathy fostered children for more than 30 years. He received the William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership in 2008.

Honors and memberships

Cathy received numerous honors, including membership in Omicron Delta Kappa (ΟΔΚ), the National Leadership Honor Society. He received ΟΔΚ's highest award, the Laurel Crowned Circle Award in 2009. He also received the Norman Vincent and Ruth Stafford Peale Humanitarian Award, the Horatio Alger Award, the William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership, and the Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award. Cathy was inducted into the Junior Achievement U.S. Business Hall of Fame in 2003.

He was a member of Pi Kappa Alpha and Delta Sigma Pi Fraternities.

In 2007, Forbes magazine ranked Cathy as the 380th richest man in America and the 799th richest man in the world, with an estimated net worth of $1.2 billion.

President George W. Bush bestowed the President's Call to Service Award on Cathy in 2008.

Cathy was inducted into the Indiana Wesleyan University Society of World Changers on April 3, 2011. In addition to being inducted into the Society, the university conferred upon Cathy an honorary doctorate of business. In May 2012, Cathy received an honorary doctorate along with presidential candidate Mitt Romney at the Liberty University's spring commencement ceremony. In his remarks, Romney, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee at the time, said, "The Romney campaign comes to a sudden stop when we spot a Chick-fil-A. Your chicken sandwiches were our comfort food through the primary season, and heaven knows there were days that we needed a lot of comfort." Romney congratulated Cathy on his "well-deserved honor today".

In 1997, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Humane Letters from Oglethorpe University.

In 2013, he was inducted as a Georgia Trustee. The honor is given by the Georgia Historical Society, in conjunction with the Governor of Georgia, to individuals whose accomplishments and community service reflect the ideals of the founding body of Trustees, which governed the Georgia colony from 1732 to 1752.

Publications

References

External links
 Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans: S. Truett Cathy; accessed September 8, 2014.
Serving with a Smile: Meet S. Truett Cathy, Winner of the 2008 William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership

1921 births
2014 deaths
American billionaires
American business writers
American investors
United States Army personnel of World War II
American motivational writers
Philanthropists from Georgia (U.S. state)
American restaurateurs
Baptists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Cathy family
Chick-fil-A
Fast-food chain founders
Georgia (U.S. state) Republicans
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Eatonton, Georgia
People from Hapeville, Georgia
People from Jonesboro, Georgia
Southern Baptists
United States Army soldiers
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)

S. Truett Cathy


The Bösendorfer Model 290 Imperial, or Imperial Bösendorfer (also colloquially known as the 290) is the largest model and flagship piano manufactured by Bösendorfer, at around  long,  wide, and weighing . It has an eight-octave range from C0 to C8. For 90 years it was the only concert grand piano in the world with 97 keys, until it was joined in 1990 by the instruments of Stuart & Sons of Australia. Music critic Melinda Bargreen has described the Imperial as the ne plus ultra of pianos, while pianist Garrick Ohlsson dubbed it the "Rolls-Royce of pianos".

Extra keys
Bösendorfer built the first Imperial in 1909, following a suggestion by composer Ferruccio Busoni to build a model with an extended range. Busoni sought to extend the range to accommodate his transcription of Johann Sebastian Bach's organ works. In order to emulate the 32 foot registers available on some large organs, he needed the entire octave down to C0.

The Bösendorfer Imperial features 97 keys: a full eight octaves. This is in contrast to their other extended model, the Bösendorfer 225, which has 92 keys (down to F0). The extra keys, which are all at the bass end of the keyboard (that is, to the left), are colored black so that the pianist can tell them apart from the normal keys of an 88-key piano. They were originally covered with a removable panel to prevent a pianist from accidentally playing the extra notes. While the keys are seldom used, the extra bass strings create additional harmonic resonance that contributes to an overall richer sound. Compositions have been written specifically to utilize the extra keys.
Pianist and University of Washington School of Music director Robin McCabe explains the challenge of adjusting to the extra keys: "One's 'southern sight-lines,' so to speak, can be seriously skewed because of the extra footage in the bass. Ending a piece such as Debussy's L'isle joyeuse, for example, with its nose-dive final gesture to the low A of the piano, becomes a bit more problematic when that A is not the lowest note on the piano!" Reportedly, "[the] 290 has proved a bit of a temperamental star, sounding harsh and jarring in the hands of pianists who do not understand how to play it and marvellously refined in the hands of those who do".

Pricing and availability
Bösendorfer Imperial Concert Grand pianos, handcrafted in Austria, retail for between US$256,000 and $560,000 in the U.S., depending on finish, design and whether the Disklavier Enspire computer reproducing system is installed. (Bösendorfer's CEUS reproducing system, "Create Emotions with Unique Sound", developed in-house, is more expensive still.) In 1977, the price was reported to be $35,000, $ in  adjusted for inflation.

While the concert piano market is dominated by Steinway & Sons, which signs prominent artists to a performance agreement and urges them to refrain from playing any other piano brand, performers preferring the Bösendorfer Imperial will often have that piano shipped with them while on tour.

Notable composers and performers

 Tori Amos
 Wilhelm Backhaus
 Paul Badura-Skoda
 Victor Borge
 Malcolm Frager
 Keith Jarrett
 Valentina Lisitsa
 Garrick Ohlsson
 Charlemagne Palestine
 Oscar Peterson
 Terry Riley
 Carol Rosenberger
 András Schiff
 Wibi Soerjadi
 Cecil Taylor
 La Monte Young
 Frank Zappa

References

External links
 Bösendorfer piano company official site of the Bösendorfer piano company
 BosendorferImperial.com site dedicated to the Imperial pianos, with complete audio files of songs, images, history, specs
 Bösendorfer model 290 Imperial (in German)
Photos of a Bosendorfer Model 290 Imperial Grand Piano Extra Keys

Piano
Bösendorfer

Imperial Bösendorfer


Sir John Gilbert Newton Brown CBE (7 July 1916 – 3 March 2003) was Publisher of the Oxford University Press and has been credited as one of the great leaders of British publishing throughout its post World War II recovery.

He was born on 7 July 1916 and was educated at Lancing College and Hertford College, Oxford.  After university, he travelled to India to join the Oxford University Press at its Bombay branch in 1937.  At the outbreak of war, Brown was commissioned into the Bombay Light Horse before transferring to the Royal Artillery.  He was taken prisoner by the Japanese after the fall of Singapore and spent the remaining war years as a prisoner of war.

Following release, he rejoined the OUP in London in 1946 and was appointed sales manager in 1949 and publisher in 1956.  He was elected president of the Publishers' Association in 1963 and helped to found the Book Development Council with John Attenborough. Brown left the OUP to join the Blackwell Publishing Group in the 1980s.  He rose to be group vice-president in 1987, a position he held until his death in 2003.

Brown was appointed CBE in 1966 and knighted in 1974.  He is survived by his wife, son and two daughters.

Notes

References
The Independent
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1424335/Sir-John-Brown.html
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-1750976.html

Category

1916 births
2003 deaths
People educated at Lancing College
Alumni of Hertford College, Oxford
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
English book publishers (people)
Oxford University Press people
Royal Artillery officers
British Army personnel of World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
Fellows of Hertford College, Oxford
British World War II prisoners of war
20th-century English businesspeople

John Gilbert Newton Brown


Gerard Thomas (1663–1721) was a late Flemish Baroque painter who specialized in studio and picture gallery interiors. He became a master in Antwerp's Guild of St. Luke in 1688–89, and was dean twice. Many of his paintings reflect a trend in Antwerp painting around 1700 that shows artists—often historical masters from earlier in the century like Peter Paul Rubens, Anthony van Dyck or Jacob Jordaens—in their studios, surrounded by paintings and sculptures, and teaching the craft to a young apprentice. The masters are often only hinted by the works of art pictured in the painting itself, however.

References

Sources
 Filipczak, Z. Z. (1987). Picturing art in Antwerp, 1550–1700. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Flemish Baroque painters
1663 births
1721 deaths
Painters from Antwerp

Gerard Thomas


Tembleque is a coconut dessert pudding from Puerto Rico similar to blancmange and related to Latin American manjar blancos and Filipino maja blanca. It is one of the most popular desserts in Puerto Rican cuisine.

Ingredients
 is made by cooking coconut cream, coconut milk, heavy cream (optional), salt, cornstarch, sugar, frequently orange blossom water, and garnished with ground cinnamon.

Tembleque can also be topped with a relish or syrup usually made with sugar, liqueur, spices, fruit juice or diced, and wine or  simply chocolate shavings on top.

Cultural importance
It is a holiday dish, served on New Year's Day throughout the island of Puerto Rico. While the recipe may have originated in Puerto Rico, there are variants on the dish manjar blanco in Latin America, manjar branco in Brazil, and maja blanca in the Philippines. According to the Encyclopedia of Puerto Rico, published by the Foundation for the Humanities, each time a Puerto Rican migrant to the  United States comes closer and closer to forgetting their roots, foods like  bring them back and remind them of who they are, of their island, and of their grandmother.

Tembleque
In Spanish, the word tembleque is an adjective used to describe something that shakes, or a noun to describe the shakes themselves. The dessert, due to its Jell-O-like gel texture, trembles, shivers, and shakes if it has been prepared correctly.

In popular culture
 Tembleque, a reggaeton song by Jon Erik, describes the movement of  the dessert, and  the dance move

See also

 Coconut bar
 Khanom thuai
 Bebinca
 Haupia

References

Puerto Rican cuisine
Puddings
Foods containing coconut

Tembleque


The Presbyterian Church in Canada is a Protestant Christian denomination in Canada. Presbyterian churches in Canada were started in the late 16th century by Scottish and French Huguenots immigrants. These churches became orgainized into four denominations in the early 1800s. The four denominations merged in 1875 as the Presbyterian Church in Canada. It became one of the largets Protestant denominations in English-speaking Canada by the early 20th century. In 1925, 70% of the Presbyterian congregations merged into the United Church of Canada. The Presbyterians who did not join in the union continued using the name Presbyterian Church in Canada.

Other articles
 List of Presbyterian denominations in North America

Presbyterianism
16th-century establishments in North America
Establishments in Canada
Religious organizations based in Canada

Presbyterian Church in Canada


Tito Lara (December 23, 1932 – June 23, 1987), was considered by many to be Puerto Rico's first television singing idol.

Early years
Lara (birth name: Agustín Enrique Lara Olivencia was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. Lara was raised by his maternal grandmother and received primary education in Santurce. During his spare time, he taught himself to play the guitar. In 1942, when was only 10 years old, his grandmother realized that her grandson had musical talent and took him to WNEL, the local radio station, where he made his debut. In 1946, Lara enrolled at the Free School of Music in San Juan, where he continued his guitar studies and learned to play the trumpet.

Trío Los Lirios
In 1948, Lara and eleven fellow students created an ensemble with Lara as lead singer.  In 1949, Lara formed a trio called Trío Los Lirios which became a regular guest on the WKAQ radio station.  They were paid 2 American dollars per appearance.

Recording debut
Lara enrolled at the University of Puerto Rico to study Liberal Arts and joined the university's choir. In 1950, the owner of Mardí Records heard and was impressed by Lara's singing and asked him to form a quartet including a female voice.  Lara did so, was signed by Mardí Records and dropped out of college in 1953 to travel with the quartet to New York City.

Lara also went solo in 1953 and scored a hit with a recording of the bolero Sollozo ('Crying'), which he followed up with Orquídeas, a Spanish version of Orchids in the Moonlight by Vincent Youmans.  That same year he met and married Nilda María Canino with whom he was to have three children, Agustin Jr., María and José Rafael. He returned to New York and performed at the Paramount Theater where Myrta Silva introduced him as "El Pollo que Canta" ('The Handsome Singer').

Los Hispanos
In 1955, Lara joined one of Puerto Rico's renowned quartets Los Hispanos and made his television début with them and singers, Ida Claudio, and Sonia Noemí on "El Show Ford", broadcast by Telemundo, the television station owned and operated by Ángel Ramos.  His extraordinary vocal range allowed him to replace any of the members of Los Hispanos when one of them was unable to perform. On January 11, 1965, the group began a seven-year participation in the televised part of the Festival Sultana, a show produced by Paquito Cordero.  Lara and Los Hispanos travelled and performed in the United States, the Dominican Republic, Panamá, Perú, Venezuela and Chile. Lara enrolled in the Music Conservatory of Puerto Rico and in 1970 earned his bachelor's degree, specializing in trumpet-playing.  He formed a duo with María Esther Ortiz called Los Dos and also founded the Allegro 72 group, which, among others, included Luis Antonio Cosme. Lara performed with Allegro 72 at Carnegie Hall, New York, and at various television stations.  Some members of Allegro 72 who went on to gain fame were Lunna, Ángel "Cucco" Peña, Dagmar Rivera and Alyce Gracia.

Later years
Lara began to have problems with his health in 1978, suffering a stroke which was complicated by his diabetes.  In 1979, he underwent an open-heart surgery procedure from which he recuperated and shortly after returned to Puerto Rico. There he underwent conversion to Christianity and joined a Protestant church.

After his conversion, he continued singing sacred music almost exclusively, collaborating with singers such as the magnificent mezzo-soprano Maribel Soto, recording with her a Spanish adaptation of Sandi Patty's "More than Wonderful" ("Maravilloso es"); singing in a choir put together by Wisón Torres, Jr. and Leyda E. Colón, founders and directors of the Puerto Rican Christian music group Peregrinos y Extranjeros, for the CD "Buscando aquella ciudad" ("Looking for that city") (Pilgrim Music), and recording two beautiful projects as a soloist. The first one was titled "Él" ("He"); the second one: "Señor Amigo" ("My Lord, my friend"). Most of the lyrics of his sacred songs talked about grace, eternal live, hope, and love for his Lord, Jesus Christ. When visiting churches to sing live or presenting concerts, he always said: "I sing happily because I believe in the words I sing".  His version in Spanish of the Frankie Laine hit I Believe, titled "Tengo Fe", became his signature song.

He also participated in "Noche de Gala", a musical variety show hosted by T.V. personality Eddie Miró, for the celebration of Easter, singing the famous duet with Maribel Soto. In 1985, Lara participated in the Concierto de Navidad (Christmas Concert) held at the "Luis A. Ferré Center for the Performing Arts" in San Juan. In 1986, he held concerts in the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts and at the Hostos Center of Culture in the Bronx. That year he also recorded his last album, Los Cuatro Ases (The Four Aces).

Personal life

Lara was married to Nilda Maria Canino from 1953 to his death. In addition to his wife, he was survived by his three children.

Discography

 Sollozo ('Crying') (1953)
 Orquídeas ('Orchids')
 Canciones de Los Cuatro Ases ('Song of the Four Aces')
 Lo que hay que hacer ('What You Must Do') (1958)
 No quiero ser tu amante ('I Do Not Want To Be Your Lover')
 Un nuevo ídolo para América ('A New Idol for America') (1959)
 Mi versión ('My Version')
 La vida mía ('My Life')
 Vivo sin ti ('I Live Without You')
 Imágenes
 Niebla de Riachuelo ('Bolero, Duet Album with Maria E. Ortiz')
 Tito Lara canta «Dos amores» (1962)
 Miedo ('Scared')
 Un poquito de tu amor ('A Little of your Love')
 Quisiera ('I Wish') (1966)
 Egoísmo
 Ansiedad ('Anxiety')
 En ruinas ('In Ruins')
 Allegro 72 (1973)
 El (He)
 Señor Amigo (My Lord, my friend)
 Los Cuatro Ases ('The Four Aces') (1986)

Death
In March 1987, Lara suffered a heart attack and was hospitalized at the West Houston Medical Center in Houston, Texas. He died on June 23, 1987, aged 54, and was laid to rest in Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan.

See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links
Popular Culture

1932 births
1987 deaths
Burials at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
Puerto Rican Protestants
People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
20th-century Puerto Rican male singers
Converts to Protestantism from Roman Catholicism

Tito Lara


Gotta Let This Hen Out! is a live recording of Robyn Hitchcock and the Egyptians recorded in April 1985, shortly after the group had come together for Fegmania!.

The set was recorded at the Marquee and the tapes cleaned up for release at Alaska Studios with minor drop-in overdubs. The gig was also videotaped and appeared on VHS with a few additional numbers, interspersed with several studio recordings available through their promo videos.

The material selected for this album includes titles ranging through Hitchcock's back catalogue, from Soft Boys songs ("Kingdom Of Love", "The Face Of Death") through his first solo album ("Acid Bird", "Brenda's Iron Sledge") and up to the recently released Fegmania! ("Heaven", "My Wife and My Dead Wife"). The live recording captures the new band just it was defining its sound and fairly documents the highlights of Hitchcock's live set and musical focus in the mid-1980s.

The cover features a painting by Hitchcock depicting airborne fish, jellyfish and an array of ducks and chickens.  As with a number of his albums, Hitchcock handwrote the liner notes.  The album title is taken from the lyric of the song "Listening to the Higsons", the penultimate track on the album.  Hitchcock has stated that this lyric comes from mishearing the chorus to the Higsons' "Gotta Let This Heat Out."

The Midnight CD issue adds "Egyptian Cream", "The Fly", and a staple of his live sets, the Soft Boys' "Only the Stones Remain", as does the 1995 Rhino reissue. The Yep Roc issue adds a further 5 tracks from a June 1989 gig at The Ritz, New York.

Track listing
All songs written by Robyn Hitchcock.

Side one
 "Sometimes I Wish I Was a Pretty Girl" (2:03)
 "Kingdom of Love" (4:04)
 "Acid Bird" (4:25)
 "The Cars She Used to Drive" (2:44)
 "My Wife and My Dead Wife" (3:54)
 "Brenda's Iron Sledge" (2:57)

Side two
 "Leppo and the Jooves" (4:52)
 "America" (4:08)
 "Heaven" (3:40)
 "Listening to the Higsons" (2:36)
 "The Face of Death" (3:13)

1st and 2nd CD issue bonus tracks (Midnight Records 1986/Rhino Records 1995)
 "The Fly"
 "Only the Stones Remain"
 "Egyptian Cream"

3rd CD issue bonus tracks (Yep Roc Records 2008)
 "The Fly"
 "Only the Stones Remain"
 "Egyptian Cream"
 "If You Were A Priest"
 "Freeze"
 "I'm Only You"
 "Unsettled"
 "Egyptian Cream 2"
Sleeve erroneously omits last track "Egyptian Cream 2", and as such, lists the 'new' bonus tracks as 14-18 not 15-19.

Personnel
Robyn Hitchcock - vocals, guitar
Roger Jackson - keyboards
Andy Metcalfe - bass, vocals
Morris Windsor - drums, ice cream

References
 Grant Alden, "The Rhino Reissues."

Robyn Hitchcock albums
1985 live albums
Rhino Records live albums
Live albums recorded at The Marquee Club

Gotta Let This Hen Out!


Phylloporus arenicola is a species of bolete mushroom in the family Boletaceae. It is found in the Pacific Northwest region of western North America, where it grows in sand dunes in a mycorrhizal association with pine trees. It is one of only three North American Boletaceae species that occur in coastal sand dunes.

Taxonomy
The species was described as new to science in 1972 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and James Trappe. Smith made the type collection near Pacific City, Oregon, in November 1970. The specific epithet arenicola means "growing in sand".

Description
The fruit bodies of Phylloporus arenicola have caps that are initially convex before flattening out in maturity, sometimes developing a central depression; the cap attains a diameter of . Its surface is dry and has a velvet-like texture, and its color ranges from dull olive initially (with a darker center) to olive-brown before finally fading to pale brown. The whitish to yellowish flesh does not change color when exposed to air and lacks any distinctive taste or odor. The pore surface on the underside of the cap is initially bright yellow but fades somewhat as it matures. The pores, which resemble the gills found in agaric fungi, comprise tubes that extend  deep. The stipe measures  long by  thick and is thicker near the base. It is solid (i.e., not hollow), dry, and has a dull yellow base color that is partially covered by reddish-brown dots (pruina) and fibers. In the base of the stipe, the internal tissue is bright red, while near in the upper part of the stipe it is pale yellow.

The spores are somewhat elliptical to spindle-shaped (tapered on each end), smooth, and have dimensions of 9–12 by 4–5 μm. The club-shaped basidia (spore-bearing cells) are four-spored and measure 38–60 by 9–13 μm. There are no clamp connections in the hyphae. When the cap cuticle is tested with an ammonia solution, it turns a violet, brownish gray color.

Habitat and distribution
Fruit bodies grow singly, scattered, or in groups on the ground in sand dunes. A mycorrhizal species, Phylloporus arenicola forms associations with pine trees. Fruiting occurs from September to November. The fungus, found in the Pacific Northwest region of the western North America, has been recorded from California, Oregon, and Washington. P. arenicola is one of only three North American Boletaceae species that occur in coastal sand dunes; the others are Leccinum arenicola, found in New Brunswick, Canada, and Boletus abruptibulbus, described from the Gulf Coast of the Florida Panhandle.

See also
List of North American boletes

References

External links

Mushroomexpert.com Image and description

arenicola
Fungi described in 1972
Fungi of North America

Phylloporus arenicola


Ticket could mean:
Ticket (admission), a card or slip of paper used to gain admission to a location or event
Ticket (election), a single election choice which fills more than one political office or seat
Ticket (receipt), a card or slip of paper that designates one's position in a queue or ownership of an item to be picked up
Ticket (notification), a notice of commission of a legal infraction
Ticket (IT support), a file documenting a reported problem and the steps taken to resolve it
Ticket (IT security), a number generated by a network server as a means of authentication
Ticket cases, a series of cases in contract law
Airline ticket, a document created by an airline or a travel agent to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on an airplane.
Electronic ticket, an electronic form of Airline ticket
Coach ticket, a document created by a coach operator or a travel agent to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on a coach
Traffic ticket

Tickets could mean:
Tickets is a 2005 movie directed by Abbas Kiarostami, Ken Loach, and Ermanno Olmi.

Basic English 850 words

Ticket