Arthur Francis Nichols  (born Arthur Francis Meikle) (July 14, 1871 – August 9, 1945) was a catcher, first baseman, and outfielder in Major League Baseball.

Nichols primarily played as a backup. Offensively, his best batting average year was in 1898, his rookie season, with the Chicago Orphans where he batted .286 with a slugging percentage of .310, although he did only play in 14 games, all at catcher. The following year his average dropped to .255 but his slugging improved to .362. He played in 17 games that year (15 at catcher, two as a Pinch hitter). In 1900, still with the Orphans, he played in eight games as catcher, batting .200 and slugging .200. Not much is known as to whether he was traded to the St.Louis or if he signed because of free agency (which is very unlikely due to the Reserve clause), but once there he saw much more game play. Once in St. Louis he saw more play at other positions besides catcher.

In his first season for St. Louis (1901), he made 93 appearances during the season, 47 at catcher, 40 playing in the outfield, and six as a pinch hitter. His offensive numbers improve from the year prior, batting .244 and slugging .308. He drove in a career high 33 RBIs. He was also hit ten times by pitch, which was fifth most in the league that year. Most of his appearances in 1902 were at first base. He played 56 games at first, 11 at catcher, and four in the outfield. He also made two appearances as a pinch hitter. His offensive numbers again improved, batting .267 and slugging .327. although his RBIs dropped from 33 to 31. In 1903, his use defensively dropped. He played 34 games defensively, 25 at first, two at catcher, and seven in the outfield. He also made two appearances as a pinch hitter. He batted a career low .192. His slugging percentage was .208, only eight points over his career low of .200 in 1900.

Nichols spent the majority of his career in the minors. Defensively in the minors he played not only catcher, first base, and the outfield, but he also played 13 career games at shortstop, 22 at third base, and 27 at second base. Nichols retired from baseball at the age of 41.

Considering he played during the dead-ball era his offensive numbers were respectable.  He also had 51 stolen bases in his career, with his best year coming in 1902 when he stole 18. He ended his career in MLB with 194 hits, (28 doubles, 3 triples, and 3 home runs). He made 44 errors in his career for an overall fielding percentage of .970. He is one of the one hundred players to play at Wahconah Park with previous major league experience, playing there in 1913 with the Pittsfield Electrics of the now defunct Connecticut League. He died on August 9, 1945, at the age of 74.

Sources

1871 births
1945 deaths
Chicago Orphans players
St. Louis Cardinals players
19th-century baseball players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baseball players from New Hampshire
Bangor Millionaires players
Torrington Tornadoes players
Springfield Ponies players
Springfield Maroons players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Indianapolis Indians players
Rochester Bronchos players
Waterbury Authors players
Nashville Vols players
Waterbury Invincibles players
Waterbury Finnegans players
Waterbury Champs players
Waterbury Spuds players
Pittsfield Electrics players
Waterbury Contenders players
New Britain Perfectos players

Art Nichols


Wonder of It All is a 1974 nature documentary film directed by Arthur R. Dubs and produced by Pacific International Enterprises.

Film description
The film takes the viewer around the world to show the animals of the world in their natural habitats showing them in their day-to-day activities. This includes not only with their own kind  but interacting and coexisting with other species, although some of the scenes are obviously artificially contrived by the film makers.

There are two scenes featuring "playful ferrets" interacting with other animals, one with two cougar kittens, and one with two black bears, but the ferrets are large male domestic ferrets which are not native to the United States. The only native American ferret is the black-footed ferret, an endangered species which lives only around prairie dog towns on the plains, not in the mountains, where these scenes were staged. No doubt the cougar kittens and black bears were captive animals, borne out by the fact that two of them are showing health problems. One of the kittens has a head tilt, caused by a balance problem, and the bear's protruding tongue indicates teeth missing in that part of the mouth.

Later in the film the narrator says that emperor penguin chicks spend the first few weeks riding on the feet of their mothers, when it is actually the fathers who care for the chicks for the first few weeks after they hatch.

Directed by Arthur R. Dubs, with narration by Les Biegel, this family film required seven years of filming.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100726021130/http://piefilm.com/wonder.htm Internet Archive-Wayback Machine: PIE's "Wonder of It All" ''']</ref>

DVD details
 Release date: January 1, 2003
 Full Screen
 Region: 1
 Aspect Ratio: 1.33:1
 Audio tracks: English
 Subtitles: English, Spanish
 Running time: 95 minutes

See also
 True Life Adventures Grand Canyon (1958 film) Pacific International Enterprises''

References

External links

 Official Site

1974 films
Documentary films about nature
American documentary films
1974 documentary films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films

Wonder of It All (film)


Maurizio Pellegrini (Turin, 1866-?)  was an Italian painter and lawyer.

He graduated as a lawyer from the University of Turin in 1889. Then he studied painting at the Accademia Albertina under Professor Giacomo Grosso. He also studied design under the direction of the engraver and professor Alberto Maso Gilli, who later became director of the Real Calcografia Romana. In 1895, he moved to Paris for five years, during which time he frequented the studios of Jules Lefevre and Tony Robert Fleury. Pellegrini painted portraits and genre works in oil, water color, and pastel.

In 1897 at the Paris Salon, he exhibited Loup de mer, Notre Dame de Paris, Place Vendome, Ruit hora, and Idyll. In Turin he exhibited a pastel Testa di vecchio. He exhibited in 1898 at the Promotrice Nazionale of Turin and the Internazionale at Brussels.He also made illustrations for books, catalogs, and journals.

He exhibited often at the Circolo degli Artisti and at the Promotrice of Fine Arts of Turin. Among his works are: Il soldato di Ventura; Portrait of a Lady; Ponte San Martino sid Chisone; Crossano dai colti di Pinerolo and other landscapes.

References

19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
1866 births
Painters from Turin
Italian landscape painters
Year of death missing
University of Turin alumni
Accademia Albertina alumni
19th-century Italian male artists

Maurizio Pellegrini


Paul Richard "Rich" Banner is an American game designer and graphic artist.

Beginnings
Rich Banner and Frank Chadwick formed the ISU Game Club at the Illinois State University (Normal, Illinois). Banner engineered a grant which funded the printing of blank hex sheets (suitable for making wargame maps) and they began drafting a variety of designs, some derivative of existing games at the time, and some original concepts.

In 1973, Illinois State University, under a program to fund educational innovation, created SimRAD (Simulation Research, Analysis, and Design), which designed games for implementation in the college classroom. At about the same time, Banner and Chadwick, along with newcomers Marc Miller and Loren Wiseman, decided to publish a massive World War II simulation game, and founded Game Designers' Workshop as their publishing company. As university funding dried up for SimRAD, the three shifted their attention to the commercial sector.

Game Designers' Workshop
Game Designers' Workshop (using the plural possessive to reflect the three partners) adopted as its birthdate June 22, 1973. In that year, GDW published Banner and Chadwick's Drang Nach Osten! (the first of its Europa Series on World War II), Triplanetary, and Unentschieden (the sequel to Drang Nach Osten!). In 1974, the company published five new titles, including Chaco, Eagles, Narvik, Torgau and Coral Sea.

Banner's position was art director, and his knowledge of printing and graphic design shaped GDW's public image and the appearance of its games. His graphic vision for Chadwick's Avalanche (a game of the Salerno landings in World War II) won him the Charles S. Roberts Award for Best Graphics in 1976. His graphics for the System 7 (printed Napoleonics Miniatures) won him the H G Wells Award for Best Historical Figure Series in 1979 (and Chadwick received the companion H G Wells Award for Best Miniatures Rules for 1979).

Banner is credited as co-designer on six of the 11 original Europa Series of World War II wargames.

He was honored as a "famous game designer" by being featured as the king of diamonds in Flying Buffalo's 2010 Famous Game Designers Playing Card Deck.

Game Manufacturers' Association
Banner was the first treasurer (1977–78) for the newly formed Game Manufacturers' Association, and its second president (1978-1981). During his tenure, the Association established its basic goals of promoting and protecting the game manufacturing industry, and oversaw the creation of the annual GAMA trade show.

References

Living people
Board game designers
Year of birth missing (living people)

Rich Banner


Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil engineering projects, differ greatly in execution method from deep shafts, typically sunk for mining projects.

Shaft sinking is one of the most difficult of all mine development methods: restricted space, gravity, groundwater and specialized procedures make the task quite formidable. Shafts may be sunk by conventional drill and blast or mechanised means.

Historically, mine shaft sinking has been among the most dangerous of all the mining occupations and the preserve of mining contractors called sinkers. Today shaft sinking contractors are concentrated in Canada, Germany, China and South Africa.

The modern shaft sinking industry is gradually shifting further towards greater mechanisation. Recent innovations in the form of full-face shaft boring (akin to a vertical tunnel boring machine) have shown promise but the use of this method is, as of 2019, not widespread.

Mine shafts
Mine shafts are vertical or near-vertical tunnels, which are "sunk" as a means of accessing an underground ore body, during the development of an underground mine.

The shape (in plan view), dimensions and depth of mine shafts vary greatly in response to the specific needs of the mine they are part of and the geology they are sunk through. For example, in North and South America, smaller shafts are designed to be rectangular in plan view with timber supports. Larger shafts are round in plan and are concrete lined.

Mine shafts may be used for a variety of purposes, including as a means of escape in the event of an emergency underground and allowing for the movement of:

 People
 Materials
 Mine services (such as compressed air, water, backfill, power, communications and fuel)
 Ventilation air
 Broken rock (in the form of payable ore, or non payable waste)
 Or any combination of the above

When the top of the excavation is the ground surface, it is referred to as a shaft; when the top of the excavation is underground, it is called a winze or a sub-shaft. Small shafts may be excavated upwards from within an existing mine as long as there is access at the bottom, in which case they are called raises.

A shaft may be either vertical or inclined (between 80 and 90 degrees to the horizontal), although most modern mine shafts are vertical. If access exists at the bottom of the proposed shaft, and ground conditions allow, then raise boring may be used to excavate the shaft from the bottom up; such shafts are called borehole shafts.

Following the Hartley Colliery disaster where the single shaft at the mine became blocked, the United Kingdom made single shaft mines illegal in 1862, establishing the practice that all underground mines must have a "a second means of egress". Many other global mining jurisdictions have adopted this rule and shafts are therefore often found in pairs (although there are multiple alternative methods of providing a second means of egress).

Currently, the deepest continuous single-lift mine shaft in the world is the main shaft at South Deep Mine in South Africa, owned by Gold Fields Limited, which has a depth of 2991 meters. Along with its twin ventilation shafts, it took ten years to sink and equip.

Parts of a mine shaft

The most visible feature of a traditionally-built mine shaft is the headframe (or winding tower, poppet head or pit head) which stands above the shaft. Depending on the type of hoist (or winder) used, the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel (with the hoist motor mounted on the ground). The headframe will also typically contain bins for storing ore being transferred to the processing facility.

At ground level beneath and around the headframe is the Shaft Collar (also called the Bank or Deck), which provides the foundation necessary to support the weight of the headframe and provides a means for workers, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. Collars are usually massive reinforced concrete structures with more than one level. If the shaft is used for mine ventilation, a plenum space or casing is incorporated into the collar to ensure the proper flow of air into and out of the mine.

Beneath the collar the part of the shaft which continues into the ground is called the shaft barrel.

At locations where the shaft barrel meets horizontal workings there is a shaft station (or inset) which allows men, materials and services to enter and exit the shaft. From the station tunnels (drifts, galleries or levels) extend towards the ore body, sometimes for many kilometers. The lowest shaft station is most often the point where rock leaves the mine levels and is transferred to the shaft, if so a loading pocket is excavated on one side of the shaft at this location to allow transfer facilities to be built.

Beneath the lowest shaft station the shaft continues on for some distance, this area is referred to as the shaft bottom. A tunnel called a ramp typically connects the bottom of the shaft with the rest of the mine, this ramp often contains the mine's water handling facility, called the sump, as water will naturally flow to the lowest point in the mine.

Shaft lining

Many (although not all) shafts are lined following excavation and the installation of temporary ground support. The shaft lining performs several functions; it is first and foremost a safety feature preventing loose or unstable rock from falling into the shaft, then a place for shaft sets to bolt into, and lastly a smooth surface to minimise resistance to airflow for ventilation.

Final choice of shaft lining is dependent on the geology of the rock which the shaft passes through, some shafts have several liners sections as required
Where shafts are sunk in very competent rock there may be no requirement for lining at all, or just the installation of welded mesh and rock bolts. The material of choice for shaft lining is mass concrete which is poured behind shaft forms in lifts of 6 m as the shaft advances (gets deeper).

Shotcrete, fibrecrete, brick, cast iron tubing, and precast concrete segments have all been used at one time or another. Additionally, the use of materials like bitumen and even squash balls have been required by specific circumstances. In extreme cases, particularly when sinking through halite, composite liners consisting of two or more materials may be required.

The shaft liner does not reach right to the bottom of the shaft during sinking, but lags behind by a fixed distance. This distance is determined by the methodology of excavation and the design thickness of the permanent liner. To ensure the safety of persons working on the shaft bottom temporary ground support is installed, usually consisting of welded mesh and rock bolts. The installation of the temporary ground support (called bolting) is among the most physically challenging parts of the shaft sinking cycle as bolts must be installed using pneumatic powered rock drills.

For this reason, and to minimise the number of persons on the shaft bottom a number of projects have successfully switched to shotcrete for this temporary lining. Research and development in this area is focusing on the robotic application of shotcrete and the commercialisation of thin sprayed polymer liners.

Shaft compartments

Where the shaft is to be used for hoisting it is frequently split into multiple compartments by shaft sets, these may be made of either timber or steel. Vertical members in a shaft set are called guides, horizontal members are called buntons. For steel shaft guides, the main two options are hollow structural sections and top hat sections.  Top hat sections offer a number of advantages over hollow structural sections including simpler installation, improved corrosion resistance and increased stiffness. Mine conveyances run on the guides in a similar way to how a steel roller coaster runs on its rails, both having wheels which keep them securely in place.

Some shafts do not use guide beams but instead utilize steel wire rope (called guide rope) kept in tension by massive weights at shaft bottom called cheese weights (because of their resemblance to a truckle or wheel of cheese) as these are easier to maintain and replace.

The largest compartment is typically used for the mine cage, a conveyance used for moving workers and supplies below the surface, which is suspended from the hoist on steel wire rope. It functions in a similar manner to an elevator. Cages may be single-, double-, or rarely triple-deck, always having multiple redundant safety systems in case of unexpected failure.

The second compartment is used for one or more skips, used to hoist ore to the surface. Smaller mining operations use a skip mounted underneath the cage, rather than a separate device, while some large mines have separate shafts for the cage and skips. The third compartment is used for an emergency exit; it may house an auxiliary cage or a system of ladders. An additional compartment houses mine services such as high voltage cables and pipes for transfer of water, compressed air or diesel fuel.

A second reason to divide the shaft is for ventilation. One or more of the compartments discussed above may be used for air intake, while others may be used for exhaust. Where this is the case a steel or concrete wall called a brattice is installed between the two compartments to separate the air flow. At many mines there are one or more complete additional separate auxiliary shafts with separate head gear and cages.

Shaft construction
The lowest point in a sinking shaft is known as the "shaft bottom". Shaft projects differ from some other forms of mine development in that all activities that take place on the shaft bottom become part of the critical path for the project schedule. The infrastructure required to sink a shaft is referred to as "the sinking set-up".

It is typical for progress (the "sinking rate") in the sinking phase (that is excavation, ground support and lining) of a shaft project to follow a learning curve as the project team repeats the same series of activities over and over in what is called "the sinking cycle", eventually approaching the theoretical maximum rate for that sinking set up over time. The use of experienced shaft sinkers is necessary to reduce the length of this learning curve and thus the duration of the project as much as possible.

Key to a successful shaft sinking project are:

 Getting the various components of the sinking set-up correct and installed at the right time.
 Having experienced people involved from as early in the project as possible
 Using the available time on the shaft bottom as efficiently as possible.

Although significant emphasis is placed on the rate of progress of a project sinking cycle by shaft sinkers, sinking  is only one of a number of phases in the conventional construction of a new shaft, as follows;

 Box Cut Excavation. A box cut is a large square or rectangular excavation typically completed using earthmoving equipment down to bedrock, inside which the shaft collar will be constructed. Having the loads imposed by the collar, headframe and hoisting plant transferred into solid rock is necessary to prevent unplanned subsidence. Where the depth of bedrock is too great to for a box cut to be economically viable, or the bedrock is not strong enough, civil engineering techniques such as diaphragm walls or concrete piles may be used to create a deep foundation instead.
 Pre-Sink. The pre-sink is the excavation and support of the first 60 – 100 metres of the shaft barrel, often completed with smaller equipment such as handheld, pneumatic drilling equipment to drill holes for basting and ground support and mini-excavators for mucking. During the pre-sink, hoisting of muck and equipment is usually performed by a mobile crane on the surface. It is necessary to sink this part of the shaft first so that the Galloway, a multi-level working platform may be installed with enough vertical distance to the shaft bottom that it will not be damaged by fly rock during blasting.
 Collar Construction. From the bottom of the box cut, the shaft collar is constructed bottom up in a planned series of concrete pours.
 Galloway (Sinking Stage) Construction & Installation. The Galloway (also known as a Sinking Stage or Scaffold) is a multi-level working platform, suspended in the shaft from winches located on the surface. The Galloway allows sinkers to efficiently work on different levels as required by the various tasks of the sinking cycle. It is typical for the Galloway to be constructed off to one side of the shaft and lowered into the pre-sink with a crane in as complete a state as possible. Once in place, the Galloway is "chaired" (suspended from the shaft collar) while the headframe is built above, often protected by a bulkhead.
 Headframe & Hoist House Construction. With the collar constructed and the Galloway installed the headframe and hoist (or winder) houses may be constructed and the hoist and winch ropes installed. Headframes may be either steel or concrete and their design will determine how they are constructed. The Galloway is moved in the shaft by means of winches, which move slowly and are rated for significant loads, while the sinking buckets (or kibbles) are moved in the shaft by the sinking hoist, which moves quickly and is rated for less load than the winches. To protect the hoist(s) and winches and the sensitive electronics which are used to control their operation they are normally installed inside a build called a hoist (or winder) house.
 Commissioning Sinking Set-Up. The Sinking set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned.
 Full Sink. The activities of the sinking cycle (excavation, installation of temporary ground support, placement of the shaft lining and extending shaft services) all take place in this phase of construction. In a shaft where there are to be multiple working levels, shaft stations and station stubs (short lengths of a horizontal tunnel leading away from the station) will be developed by the sinkers on the way down. As the equipment to excavate these stations must be small enough to fit through the openings in the Galloway, the rate of advance in developing the station stubs is typically low, compared to what can be achieved with full-size mining equipment, so station stubs are typically kept as short as possible.
 Shaft Equipping & Headframe Changeover. Once the shaft reaches the final design depth, the shaft is stripped of any temporary services, the Galloway cut up or modified to suit the installation of the permanent shaft set-up, the shaft sets (if required) installed and the headframe / winders modified to allow for permanent hoisting. Any permanent conveyances will be installed at this stage.
 Commissioning Permanent Set Up. The Permanent set-up must then be commissioned to ensure that all parts are operating as planned before being handed over to the new owner.

As with the depth and design of shafts, significant variations may exist in this sequence depending on local conditions. For example, shafts in the Canadian Shield generally do not need a deep and complex shaft collar since the bedrock is both strong and close to the surface. This reduces the amount of time required to establish the shaft collar.

Traditionally, sinking contractors would build a temporary headframe for the sinking set-up, which would then be dismantled to make way for a permanent headframe. With the growth in complexity and duration of shaft sinking projects over time it has become more common to incorporate more of the permanent shaft set-up into the sinking phase. This results in a reduced overall project duration, as for example, if the service piping used to sink the shaft does not need to be stripped out to make way for permanent piping.

With the advancements made in raise boring technology, raise borers have been used to create a pilot hole for shaft sinking, where access exists at the bottom of the new shaft, in this case the sinking phase is dedicated to enlarging this pilot hole to full diameter (a process usually called "slashing"). This methodology can be considerably faster than full face sinking as muck (waste rock) from sinking falls down the pilot hole and is handled using existing mine infrastructure off critical path.

See also

Drift mining
Engine shaft
Headframe
Man engine
Raise borer
Salt-concrete
Underground mining (hard rock)
Underground mining (soft rock)
Glossary of coal mining terminology
Repurposing old mine shafts for energy storage purposes

References

External links
Abandoned Mine Shafts & Tunnels
Top Hat Sections

Underground mining
Mining engineering

Shaft sinking


Kay Laurell (born Ruth Leslie; June 28, 1890 – January 31, 1927) was an American stage and silent film actress and model.

Laurell began her career as an artists' model. After catching the eye of Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr., she was cast in the Ziegfeld Follies where she debuted in 1914. A popular performer who was noted for her beauty, she was called "one of the most beautiful women on the stage". In 1918, Laurell left the Follies to embark on an acting career. She went on to appear in stage productions on Broadway and in vaudeville, and made three silent films. In the 1920s, Laurell moved to Europe where she continued her stage career. She died during childbirth at the age of 36 in London.

Early life
Laurell was born in 1890 (some sources state 1894) in Erie, Pennsylvania. She left Erie at the age of 16 to pursue a career in show business in New York City. She initially found work as telephone operator before she was hired as an artists' model. During her stint as a model, she posed for artists and illustrators including Howard Chandler Christy and William Glackens. It was during this time that Ruth Leslie changed her name to Kay Laurell.

In 1914, Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. saw Laurell while she was appearing in a tableau staged at the annual Illustrators' Ball. Ziegfeld was impressed by Laurell's appearance and offered her a spot in the Ziegfeld Follies.

Career

Ziegfeld Follies
Laurell made her stage debut in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1914. The following year, she caused a sensation when she appeared in the opening scene of the 1915 Follies as a semi-nude Aphrodite. The scene was designed by Joseph Urban and featured an elaborate set with a pool surrounded by greenery. Laurell rose out of the water flanked by two golden elephants with raised trunks from which water poured. According to Doris Eaton Travis' 2003 autobiography The Days We Danced, Laurell became known for "those naked-above-the-waist poses". At that time, performers were permitted to appear nude onstage as long as they did not move. This loophole in the law inspired stage producers and set designers to come up with more inventive and elaborate ways to feature nudity in their shows. Eaton Travis later recalled, "The story was that Ziegfeld asked for a volunteer to be naked above the waist, and Kay Laurell was the first to consent. Hers became the most revealed breasts on Broadway in that era." During this time, Laurell's popularity grew and she was often noted for her physical beauty and perfect figure. She was referred to as "one of the most beautiful women on the stage" and "the prettiest chorus girl on Broadway." Florenz Ziegfeld stated that Laurell was the embodiment of feminine beauty.

In May 1916, Laurell married Winfield Sheehan, the former secretary to Rhinelander Waldo, in London. Shortly after the marriage, Laurell retired from the stage. In July 1917, she filed for legal separation from Sheehan citing "cruelty".

After separating from Sheehan, Laurell resumed her career and returned to the Follies in June 1918. She was again featured in the opening scene, this time posing as "The Spirit of the Allies" atop a lighted, spinning globe. As World War I was still on, the globe showed Europe in flames. One of the more memorable tableau scenes of that year's Follies featured patriotic and war imagery designed by Ben Ali Haggin. Social historian Allen Churchill later described the scene, "Actors in battle dress stood frozen in the act of tossing grenades, bayoneting cringing Huns...Follies Girls as Red Cross nurses, waifs in war-torn undress and goddess of war. Dominating the vivid scene was Miss Kay Laurell representing the Spirit of the Allies, her costume in enough disarray to expose one...breast." While the Follies typically featured light-hearted themes, audiences enjoyed the war themed scene of the 1918 Follies. The show ran until the Armistice with Germany in November 1918.

Stage and films
Like many other Ziegfeld girls, Laurell attempted to parlay the success she found in the Follies into an acting career. In 1919, she made her film debut in The Brand, opposite Russell Simpson. Later that same year, she played a supporting role in The Valley of the Giants, starring Wallace Reid. Laurell received positive reviews for her acting, but would only make one more silent film, Lonely Heart, in 1921.

Laurell focused mainly on stage work for the remainder of her career. In 1922, she joined the production of Ladies Night. She remained with the play for a season before headlining the vaudeville circuit with stock companies in Yonkers and Washington. In December 1924, she joined the cast of Quarantine. The play ran for a total of 151 performances at Henry Miller's Theatre through April 1925. Laurell then co-starred in Nocture, which premiered at the Punch and Judy Theatre in New York City on February 16, 1925. The play ran for three performances before closing later that month.

She later moved to Europe where she found work in a French stock company in Paris. Laurell then moved to London. By this period, her career began to decline and her roles were no longer reported in theater trades.

Personal life
In May 1916, Laurell married Winfield Sheehan. The couple separated in July 1917 but never divorced. Sheehan later became the general manager and vice president at 20th Century Fox.

While separated from Sheehan, Laurell began a relationship with Joseph Whiteside Boyle, a businessman and the son of Klondike Joe Boyle. The couple planned to marry after both obtained divorces from their respective spouses. In 1926, Laurell became pregnant.

Death
On January 31, 1927, Laurell died in London at the age of 36. Laurell's death was initially attributed to pneumonia. She was cremated and her ashes were buried in London. In 1930, the press discovered that Laurell had actually died while giving birth to her first and only child. The child, a boy named Joseph K. Boyle, survived.

Estate
Before her death, Laurell drew up a will leaving her property and personal effects to Joseph Whiteside Boyle (who was presumed to be the child's father) and named him the executor of her estate. Laurell left her $100,000 estate to Boyle because she was unaware that her son, who was born out of wedlock, could legally inherit her assets. However, one month before Laurell's death, the Legitimacy Act 1926 was passed in England which allowed her son to inherit her assets. A similar law in New York (where Laurell also had bank accounts and property) also allowed her son to inherit his mother's estate.

Concerned for the child's welfare, Laurell's brother Raleigh J. Leslie, sought a letter of administration for her estate naming Joseph K. as her next of kin. He later dropped the matter after discovering that the boy's father, Joseph Whiteside Boyle, had been caring for the child since birth and had no plans to claim Laurell's estate. One month after Laurell's death, her mother Mrs. A.A. Leslie, died in Erie, Pennsylvania. Laurell's mother was never told of her daughter's death as she was dying at the time. Upon Mrs. Leslie's death, she left her Erie, Pennsylvania home and assets to Laurell which were subsequently inherited by Laurell's son, who died in 1996.

Stage career

Filmography

In popular culture
H.L. Mencken said Laurell possessed "all the arts of the really first-rate harlot" and was "the most successful practitioner of her trade of her generation in New York."  He said, "Much of what I got from her, in fact, went into In Defense of Women", his 1918 book. Playwright Channing Pollock wrote, however, "Kay could have gone far if she had been willing to exchange her favors for advancement, but she didn't 'want to get ahead that way'."

References

External links

Kay Laurell's 1920 passport photo at Flickr

1890 births
1927 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Pennsylvania
American artists' models
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Female models from Erie, Pennsylvania
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
Deaths in childbirth
Actors from Erie, Pennsylvania
Vaudeville performers
Ziegfeld girls

Kay Laurell


Vinton County High School is a public high school in Elk Township, just outside the village limits of McArthur, Ohio, United States.  It is the only high school in the Vinton County Local School District.  Athletic teams are known as the Vikings.

History

Vinton County High School was formed after all of the other schools consolidated into one high school.

Notable alumni and faculty
 Dick Bates, Major League Baseball pitcher
 Thomas S. Crow, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

Athletics

The Vikings belong to the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) and the Tri-Valley Conference, a 16-member athletic conference located in southeastern Ohio.  The conference is divided into two divisions based on school size.  The Ohio Division features the larger schools, including Vinton County, and the Hocking Division features the smaller schools.

See also
 Ohio High School Athletic Conferences

References

External links
 District Website

High schools in Vinton County, Ohio
Ohio high school sports conferences
Public high schools in Ohio

Vinton County High School


Corydoras simulatus is a tropical freshwater fish belonging to the Corydoradinae sub-family of the family Callichthyidae.  It originates in inland waters in South America, and is found in the Upper Meta River basin in Colombia.

The fish prefers clean, clear water with a current.  It will grow in length up to 1.9 inches (4.9 centimeters).  It lives in a tropical climate in water with a 6.0 – 8.0 pH, a water hardness of 2 – 25 dGH, and a temperature range of 68 – 77 °F (20 – 25 °C).  It feeds on worms, benthic crustaceans, insects, and plant matter.  It lays eggs in dense vegetation and adults do not guard the eggs.

See also
 List of freshwater aquarium fish species

References

External links
 Photos at Fishbase

Corydoras
Freshwater fish of Colombia
Taxa named by Stanley Howard Weitzman
Fish described in 1970

Corydoras simulatus


William Berly House is a historic home located at Lexington, Lexington County, South Carolina. It was built by 1832, and is a two-story, clapboard dwelling.  It features a one-story porch supported by four square columns. The house originally was in the dogtrot form.  It has a one-story wing attached to the main house by an enclosed breezeways around 1900. Also on the property is a contributing former ice house.  It was the home of Reverend William Berly, a leading religious and educational figure in area Lutheranism during the mid-19th century.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina
Houses completed in 1860
Houses in Lexington County, South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Lexington County, South Carolina

William Berly House


François Halard (born 1961) is a French photographer known for his interior and architectural photographs.

Biography

François Halard was born in 1961 in France but now spends time between homes in New York City and France. He studied at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Soon after, he began working for Decoration International, and then with Conde Nast art director Alex Liberman. In 1984, François moved to New York City where he began regular commissions for several Conde Nast publications, including American Vogue, Vanity Fair, GQ, and House & Garden.

Commercial Work
François Halard is well known for his interior and architectural photographs. He is also known for his longtime collaborations with Fabien Baron and Alex Liberman.

His work has been featured in advertising such as Armani, Burberry, Ralph Lauren, Yves Saint Laurent, Hugo Boss, and Ann Taylor.

Books

Marie-Antoinette and the Last Garden at Versailles - by Christian Duvernois and François Halard
The Private Realm of Marie Antoinette - by Marie-France Boyer and François Halard
La Maison de Verre - by Dominique Vellay and François Halard
Les Lieux de la reine - by Marie-France Boyer and François Halard

References

External links
François Halard's Portfolio at Trish South Management

French photographers
1961 births
Living people

François Halard


Philip Christopher Clarke (15 April 1933 – 6 July 1995) was an Irish business consultant and competitive cyclist, who had been an Irish Republican Army member in the 1950s. As a cyclist, he competed in the first two Rás Tailteann races, and represented Ireland internationally. In 1954 he was imprisoned after an IRA raid on a British Army barracks in Northern Ireland, and the following year he was elected to the British parliament as the Sinn Féin MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone; as he was imprisoned, his election was overturned on petition. He was released from prison in 1958, after which he broke his ties with the IRA. In later life, he worked for the Irish Management Institute and as an independent business consultant

Early life
Clarke was born in Long Island, New York, and moved with his family to Dublin in 1936. He joined the Irish civil service in 1950, and joined the Irish Republican Army shortly afterwards. In October 1954, he was arrested and imprisoned after an attempted IRA raid on a British Army barracks in Omagh, County Tyrone. He was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment.

Sporting career

Clarke was a member of the James' Gate Cycling Club, a Dublin club affiliated to the nationalist-leaning National Cycling Association. (At the time, Irish cycling was split between the NCA, which asserted its right to represent all of Ireland, and the Cumann Rothaiochta na hÉireann, which limited its scope to the Republic of Ireland.) He represented Ireland internationally, though due to the lack of international recognition of the NCA, his opportunities here were limited. He competed in the Rás Tailteann races in 1953 and 1954. During his imprisonment, in 1955–58, he was acknowledged as competitor #1 "who will not be riding".

In 1953, he and his friend Colm Christle had cycled through France and Switzerland to Italy to watch the UCI Road World Championship, and in later years he visited Europe every year to see the Tour de France or another major race.

Political career
In the 1955 UK General Election, Clarke was elected MP for the Fermanagh and South Tyrone constituency, winning 30,529 votes, and becoming the youngest MP at the time. As Clarke was in prison at the time of his election, serving ten years for a treason felony, his opponent, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Grosvenor, lodged a petition to have him unseated.

The case appeared before the Northern Ireland High Court in August 1955. On 2 September, the court ruled that Clarke was ineligible for election and his Unionist opponent was declared duly elected.

Subsequent life
When the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland issued an explicit condemnation of IRA violence in January 1956, Clarke severed his connections with the IRA. He petitioned for remission of his sentence in 1958, and was released from jail on 18 December 1958 after the Governor of Northern Ireland Lord Wakehurst exercised his prerogative of mercy.

He had been suggested by Sinn Féin as a candidate for Dublin South West in the 1957 Irish general election, but resisted due to disagreement with party policy.

He rejoined the Civil Service, and later took up a post as a lecturer at the Irish Management Institute. He married in April 1960. At the Irish Management Institute, he rose to become an executive director, but fell out with the Institute after a change of policy in the 1970s. He left to form his own business consulting firm, specialising in industrial relations and gain sharing.

Clarke died in Dublin on 6 July 1995.

See also

List of Sinn Féin MPs
List of United Kingdom MPs with the shortest service

References
 "50 Years Ago", Saoirse Irish Freedom, p9, September 2005

1933 births
1995 deaths
British politicians convicted of crimes
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fermanagh and South Tyrone (since 1950)
UK MPs 1955–1959
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members
Sinn Féin MPs (post-1921)
20th-century Irish civil servants

Philip Clarke (politician)


The North Dakota Game and Fish Department is the State of North Dakota's State agency charged with stewardship of the state's fish, game, and wildlife resources. The department sets fish and game regulations, including issuance of hunting and fishing licenses and enforcement of state regulations throughout the state. The department also enforces watercraft regulations and registration, along with enforcement of Invasive species laws.

Organization
The agency is headquartered in Bismarck, with District Offices located in: Devils Lake, Dickinson, Jamestown, Harvey, Riverdale, and Williston. The agency is organized into five divisions:

 Administrative Services - Manages Information Technology, accounting, and issues boat registrations along with hunting and fishing licenses.
 Conservation/Communication - Manages outdoor education, interpretation, and encourages conservation practices throughout the state.
 Enforcement - The law enforcement division consists of Game Wardens that patrol the state to enforce fish and game regulations and other state laws.
 Fisheries - Manage the state fisheries and operate the state's fish hatcheries.
 Wildlife - Manage habitat and wildlife species across the state.

See also

 North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department
 List of law enforcement agencies in North Dakota
 Game warden
 List of State Fish and Wildlife Management Agencies in the U.S.

References

External links
 North Dakota Game and Fish Department (Official site)
 "75 Years of the Game and Fish as we Know it Today", by Ron Wilson

State law enforcement agencies of North Dakota
Environment of North Dakota
State agencies of North Dakota
Natural resources agencies in the United States

North Dakota Game and Fish Department


Anti-revisionism is a position within Marxism–Leninism which emerged in the 1950s in opposition to the reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. When Khrushchev pursued an interpretation that differed from his predecessor, Joseph Stalin, anti-revisionists within the international communist movement remained dedicated to Stalin's ideological legacy and criticized the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and his successors as state capitalist and social imperialist. During the Sino-Soviet split, the Communist Party of China, led by Mao Zedong, the Party of Labour of Albania, led by Enver Hoxha, and some other communist parties and organizations around the world denounced the Khrushchev line as revisionist.

Mao Zedong first denounced the Soviet Union as revisionist at a meeting in January 1962. In early 1963 Mao returned to Beijing after a prolonged visit to Wuhan and Hangzhou, and issued a call to combat domestic revisionism in China. A 'central anti-revisionist drafting group' was formally constituted, led by Kang Sheng, which drafted anti-revisionist polemics, which were later personally reviewed by Mao before publication. The 'Nine Articles' emerged as the centre-piece of anti-Soviet polemics. Anti-revisionism would emerge as a key theme in Chinese foreign and domestic policies, reaching a peak during the 1966 Cultural Revolution. China friendship associations turned into anti-revisionist organizations, and Western Europe anti-revisionist splinter groups began to emerge (such as the , the  and the Lenin Centre in Switzerland). In Beijing, the street where the Soviet embassy was located was symbolically renamed as 'Anti-Revisionism Street'. In the wake of the 1964 split in the Communist Party of India, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) would reject Soviet positions as revisionist but without the party fully adopting a pro-Chinese line.

During the Deng Xiaoping's reign in the late 1970s anti-revisionist themes began to be downplayed in official Chinese discourse. The Chinese Academy of Sciences stated that the 'Nine Articles' had been wrong in focusing on the revisionism of the Soviet Union, rather than the threats of Soviet hegemonism and expansionism.

See also
 Anti-Stalinist left
 Hoxhaism
 Maoism
 Stalinism

References

External links
 Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line by the Marxists Internet Archive
 Lies Concerning the History of the Soviet Union by the Stalin Society
 List of Anti-Revisionist Parties/Groups by the International Organizations and Conferences of Leftist Parties
 Stand for Socialism Against Modern Revisionism by the Philippine Revolution

Hoxhaism
Maoism
Marxism
Marxism–Leninism
Stalinism

Anti-revisionism (Marxism–Leninism)


Róbert Tábori (November 10, 1855 – 1906) was a Hungarian author born at Almas and educated in Baja, Budapest, and Vienna. He began his literary career in 1874 as a journalist on the Vienna "Fremdenblatt," later joining the staff of the "Morgenpost." From 1887 to 1890 he edited the "Südungarische Zeitung" at Temesvar, and was later the editor of the literary magazine "Uj Idök" in Budapest.

Of Tábori's works, which were especially popular among the young in his day, may be mentioned: "A Szobor Titka," 1885, a novel; "Kulturképek," 1889, short stories; "Ildikó," 1890, a drama; "Párbaj," 1890, a novel; "Az Etet Folytatásokban," 1890, a novel; "Átalakulások," 1893, a novel; "Szabadsághősök," 1894, a novel; "Korhadt Oszlopok," 1895, a novel; "Oceania," 1898, short stories; and "Megfagyott Pezsgö," 1899, a novel.

References

1855 births
1906 deaths
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian writers
Writers from Austria-Hungary

Róbert Tábori


Simon Chandler (born 1953) is a British film, television and theatre actor. He often plays senior establishment figures such as Members of Parliament and senior civil servants.

Biography

Born in 1953 and educated at Bedford School, Chandler's acting career began in 1976. His first film role was as Private Simmonds in Richard Attenborough's 1977 film A Bridge Too Far and he provided the voice of Merry in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. His most prominent recent film work includes roles in Vera Drake (2004), Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006), The King's Speech (2010) and The Iron Lady (2011). He starred as Ade Rutter in the first series of House of Anubis and he has taken leading roles in Judge John Deed and other television dramas, as well as prominent theatre roles.

With an acting career spanning almost forty years, his other film and television credits include roles in Angels, Another Bouquet, Coronation Street, The Duchess of Duke Street, Just William, Lillie, Jackanory Playhouse, The Taming of the Shrew, Antony & Cleopatra, Brideshead Revisited, Dead Ernest, The Merry Wives of Windsor, Lace, C.A.T.S. Eyes, The Singing Detective, Jonny Briggs, Boon, Bergerac, Confessional, The Crown, Middlemarch, The Wimbledon Poisoner, Casualty, Silent Witness, Teachers, Heartbeat, Foyle's War, Holby City, The Bill, My Family, Midsomer Murders, Doctors, Land Girls, Life Force, Silk, Vera, Mr Selfridge and Spice World.

Partial filmography
A Bridge Too Far (1977) - Private Simmonds
The Lord of the Rings (1978) - Merry (voice)
If You Go Down in the Woods Today (1981) - Lieutenant
Victor Victoria (1982) - Chorus Boy
The Bounty (1984) - David Nelson
Hollow Reed (1996) - Mr. Bugler
The Man Who Knew Too Little (1997) - Hawkins
Incognito (1997) - Iain Hill
Spice World (1997) - Hospital Parent
The Commissioner (1998) - Peter Simpson
Milk (1999) - Doctor
The Stone Raft (2002) - Primer Ministro Ingles
Vera Drake (2004) - Mr. Wells
Mangal Pandey: The Rising (2005) - Lockwood
Stoned (2005) - Mary's Father
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (2006) - Mayor of Grasse
Penelope (2006) - Doctor
Consuming Passion: 100 Years of Mills & Boon (2008) - Mr Cowpe
The King's Speech (2010) - Lord Dawson
The Iron Lady (2011) - Cabinet Ministers
Fast Girls (2012) - GB Worlds Official
Mr. Turner (2014) - Sir Augustus Wall Callcott
The Theory of Everything (2014) - John Taylor
The Crown (2016) - Clement Attlee
House of the Dragon (2022) - Septon Eustace (Episode: "The Green Council")
The Diplomat (2023) - Merritt Grove MP

References

External links

English male film actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
Living people
People educated at Bedford School
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
1953 births

Simon Chandler


Audio editing software is any software or computer program which allows editing and generating audio data. Audio editing software can be implemented completely or partly as a library, as a computer application, as a web application, or as a loadable kernel module. Wave editors are digital audio editors. There are many sources of software available to perform this function. Most can edit music, apply effects and filters, and adjust stereo channels.

A digital audio workstation (DAW) is software-based and typically comprises multiple software suite components, all accessible through a unified graphical user interface. DAWs are used for recording or producing  music, sound effects and more.

Music software capabilities
Audio editing software typically offer the following features:
The ability to import and export various audio file formats for editing.
Record audio from one or more inputs and store recordings in the computer's memory as digital audio.
Edit the start time, stop time, and duration of any sound on the audio timeline.
Fade into or out of a clip (e.g. an S-fade out during applause after a performance), or between clips (e.g. crossfading between takes).
Mix multiple sound sources/tracks, combine them at various volume levels and pan from channel to channel to one or more output tracks
Apply simple or advanced effects or filters, including amplification, normalization, limiting, panning, compression, expansion, flanging, reverb, audio noise reduction, and equalization to change the audio.
Playback sound (often after being mixed) that can be sent to one or more outputs, such as speakers, additional processors, or a recording medium
Conversion between different audio file formats, or between different sound quality levels.
Typically these tasks can be performed in a manner that is non-linear. Audio editors may process the audio data non-destructively in real-time, or destructively as an "off-line" process, or a hybrid with some real-time effects and some offline effects.

Plug-ins
Audio plug-ins are small software programs that can be "plugged in" to use inside the main workstation. Plug-ins are used in DAWs to allow more capabilities when it comes to audio editing.  There are several different types of plug-ins. For example, stock plug-ins are the plug-ins that come already installed with a DAW, and Virtual Studio Technology (VST) plug-ins. Invented by Steinberg, VST plug-ins allow producers to apply simple or advanced effects such as filters, limiting, compression, reverb, flanging, panning, noise reduction, and equalizers.

MIDI vs. audio
MIDI (pronounced "middy") and audio are both compressed digital formats that are used within a Digital Audio Workspace (DAW). MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI is used with plug-ins that allow the user to control the notes of various plug-in instruments. MIDI is universally accepted and if one plug-in or synthesizer is used using MIDI, then it can be modified with another synthesizer. The filename extension of MIDI format is .MIDI or .MID. Unlike MIDI, Digital audio contains a recording of sound. Audio files are a lot larger than MIDI files, and while MIDI is smaller, MIDI can have variations from the original sounds.

List of DAWs
See  and Comparison of digital audio editors

Comparison of destructive and real-time editing
Destructive editing modifies the data of the original audio file, as opposed to just editing its playback parameters. Destructive editors are also known as sample editors. Destructive editing applies edits and processing directly to the audio data, changing the data immediately. If, for example, part of a track is deleted, the deleted audio data is immediately removed from that part of the track.

Real-time editing does not apply changes immediately but applies edits and processing on the fly during playback. If, for example, part of a track is deleted, the deleted audio data is not actually removed from the track, but is hidden and will be skipped on playback.

Advantages of destructive editing
In graphical editors, every change to the audio is usually visible immediately as the visible waveform is updated to match the audio data.
The number of effects that may be applied is virtually unlimited (though may be limited by disk space available for "undo" data).
Editing is usually precise down to exact sample intervals.
Effects may be applied to a precisely specified selected region.
Mixing down or exporting the edited audio is usually relatively quick as little additional processing is required.

Limitations of destructive editing
Once an effect has been applied, it cannot usually be changed. This is usually mitigated by the ability to "undo" the last performed action. Typically a destructive audio editor will maintain many levels of "undo history" so that multiple actions may be undone in the reverse order that they were applied.
Edits can only be undone in the reverse order that they were applied (undoing the most recent edit first).

Advantages of non-destructive (real-time) editing
Effects can usually be adjusted during playback, or at any other time.
Edits may be undone or adjusted at any time in any order.
Multiple effects and edits may be 'stacked' so that they are applied to the audio as an effect chain.
A stack of effects may be changed so that effects are applied in a different order, or effects inserted or removed from the chain.
Some real-time editors support effect automation so that changes to effect parameters may be programmed to occur at specified times during audio playback.

Limitations of non-destructive (real-time) editing
The waveform may not show the effect of processing until the audio has been rendered to another track.
The number of effects that may be applied is limited by the available processing power of the computer or editing hardware. In some editors, this may be mitigated by rendering to another track.
It may not be possible to have an effect only on part of a track. Applying a real-time effect to part of a track usually requires that the effect is set to turn on at one point and turn off at another.
In multi-track editors, if audio is copied or moved from one track to another, the audio in the new track may sound different from how it sounded in the original track as there may be different real-time effects in each track.
In some applications, mixing down or exporting the edited audio may be slow as all effects and processing need to be applied.

See also
Audio signal processing
Comparison of digital audio editors
Comparison of free software for audio
List of music software
Music sequencer
Software effect processor
Software synthesizer

References

Sound technology

Audio editing software


Abraham Jonathan Wolken (July 12, 1949 – June 13, 2010) was one of the original dancers and a co-founder of Pilobolus dance company in 1971, which The New York Times in his obituary calls "one of the most popular modern-dance companies in the world". Wolken served as one of the company's five original artistic directors.

Wolken was born on July 12, 1949, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, son of biophysicist Jerome Wolken. He attended Dartmouth College, where he earned a bachelor's degree in Philosophy (1971). While attending Dartmouth, he took a modern dance class taught by Alison Becker Chase. Together with Moses Pendleton, a fellow student in the Dartmouth dance class, Robby Barnett, and Lee Harris, Wolken formed the Pilobolus dance company, which was named for a fungus that shoots its spores as much as several feet away, having seen a demonstration from his father during his youth. Chase and Martha Clarke joined the group in 1973; and Michael Tracy was added the following year, replacing Lee Harris. Clarke left the group in 1978 and Pendleton in 1983, each going off to form dance companies of their own.

With almost no practical experience in dance, the group developed its own unique visual slapstick style. A review by dance critic Anna Kisselgoff of The Times in 1971 said the troupe's enthusiasm "suggest an interest in dance that can only be applauded", noting their "amazing physical fearlessness, humor, inventiveness and unselfconsciousness", creating "witty and theatrical shapes" and "kinetic gags" using their body movements and groupings. This early performance evidenced the Pilobolus style that would last for decades that used the movements of the human body and interlinkings between members to create a form of kinetic art.

Wolken ended his dance career several years after the troupe was formed but continued to choreograph performances including "Pseudopodia" (1973), "B'zyrk" (2007), and "Razor: Mirror" (2008). His final production, "Hitched", began performances in summer 2010 during the company's annual month-long series at the Joyce Theater in New York City and were dedicated to his memory. Wolken choreographed a production of A Selection in conjunction with its author Maurice Sendak that was the subject of a 2002 documentary by Mirra Bank.

A resident of Washington, Connecticut, Wolken died in Manhattan's Mount Sinai Hospital at age 60 on June 13, 2010, from complications of  stem cell treatments for his myelofibrosis.

References

1949 births
2010 deaths
American choreographers
Dartmouth College alumni
Deaths from blood disease
People from Washington, Connecticut
People from Pittsburgh

Jonathan Wolken


Franklin Wendell "Frank" Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American voice actor who has done over 800 different voice roles in various animated films, television shows, video games and commercials. He is best known for doing animal sounds and monster sounds too, and he's known for being the voice of Scooby Doo since 2002 and the current voice of Fred Jones since 1969. Welker is one of the highest-grossing actors in Hollywood.

Filmography

Television animation roles
 ¡Mucha Lucha! – Masked Dog
 101 Dalmatians: The Series – Scorch, Steven the Alligator, Cydne the Snake
 13 Ghosts of Scooby Doo – Additional voices
 A Pup Named Scooby Doo – Uncle Eddie Jones, Chickenstein, Casmer Codwaller ("Chickenstein Lives!"), Ghost of Al Cabone ("For Letter or Worse"), Bruce Wormsley, Dinkley 2000 ("The Computer Walks Among Us")
 The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda – Don Coyote, Dapple the Donkey
 Adventures from the Book of Virtues – Socrates
 The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius – Goddard, Additional voices
 Ed, Edd n Eddy - Ed
 Aladdin – Abu, Rajah, Xerxes, additional voices
 Animaniacs – Runt, Flavio Hippo, Buttons, Ralph the Guard, Thaddeus Plotz, Chicken Boo, occasional segment narration
 Avengers Assemble – Odin
 Batman Beyond – Woof the Hyena-Man, Ace the Bathound
 Batman: The Animated Series – Man-Bat, various animals, additional voices
 Batman: The Brave and the Bold – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones, Batboy, Batman (Scooby-Doo version)
 Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones
 The Berenstain Bears – Raffish Ralph, Actual Factual, Weasel McGreed, Farmer Ben, and Henchweasels
 Bionic Six – Glove, Mechanic, Spot
 Blondie and Dagwood (1987), and Blondie and Dagwood: Second Wedding Workout (1989) – Dagwood Bumstead
 Bobby's World – Roger the Dog
 Bonkers – Fall-Apart Rabbit, Toots, Roderick, Sniffle, Turbo, Toon Bag
 Bubble Guppies – Bubble Puppy
 Buzz Lightyear of Star Command – Grubs, Brain Pods, and others
 Captain N: The Game Master – Game Boy (Seasons 2 and 3)
 Captain Planet and the Planeteers – Lead Suit, Suchi the Monkey, Tank Flusher, various humans and animals
 Capitol Critters – Presidential Cats
 CatDog – numerous animals
 Challenge of the GoBots – Scooter, Zeemon, Blaster, Rest-Q
 Challenge of the Superfriends – The Toyman
 Clifford the Big Red Dog – Boomer, Gordo & Rex
 Codename: Kids Next Door – Professor XXXL, Mister Uno, Bus Driver, Radio Announcer, Rainbow Monkey Kong
 Cro – (voice)
 Curious George – George
 Danny Phantom – Additional Voices
 Darkwing Duck – Additional Voices
 Dave the Barbarian – Faffy
 Dexter's Laboratory – Monkey, Quackor, The Infraggible Krunk, Mister Luzinsky, "Master Computer", Badaxtra
 Disney's House of Mouse – Gus Goose, Aracuan Bird, Abu, Butch the Bulldog, Cri-Kee, Dodger, Figaro, Pegasus, Lucifer, Louie the Mountain Lion, Tantor, Flit
 Dink, the Little Dinosaur – Crusty, Scat
 Dino Riders – Krulos, Rasp, Glyde
 Droopy, Master Detective – McWolf, Dweeble
 Duck Dodgers – Captain Rodman, Ch'p, K-9, Maninsuit
 DuckTales – Bigtime Beagle, Baggy Beagle, Bubba, Tootsie, Poe De Spell, The Phantom Blot
 Dungeons & Dragons – Uni, Tiamat
 Dynomutt, Dog Wonder – Dynomutt the Dog Wonder
 The Emperor's New School – Creepy Old Man, Skeleton Anteater, Homework, Additional Voices
 Evil Con Carne – Boskov the Bear, narrator, various
 Fangface – Fangs/Fangface
 Family Guy – Fred Jones, Kermit the Frog, Megatron
 Fish Police – Mussels Marinara, Doc Croaker, Louie
 A Flintstones Christmas Carol – Barney Rubble, Dino
 A Flintstone Family Christmas – Barney Rubble, Dino
 The Flintstone Kids – Nate Slate, Thug, Stalagbite
 Foofur – Foofur
 Freakazoid! – Mister Chubbikins, The President, Frank the Guard, additional voices
 Futurama – Nibbler (both talking and non-talking versions), Seymour, various animal and humanoid voices
 Futurama: Bender's Big Score – Nibbler, Seymour, Fleb, various
 Futurama: Bender's Game – Nibbler, trolls, T-Rex, monkey, polar bear, various
 The Further Adventures of SuperTed – Bulk in many episodes, Bubbles the Clown in "Bubbles, Bubbles Everywhere", Pengy in "Leave it to Space Beavers", Prince Pyjamarama in "Ruse of the Rajah"
 G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero – Copperhead, Flash, Freedom, Junkyard, Polly, Short-Fuse, Timber, Torch, Wild Bill
 Garfield and Friends – Booker, Sheldon, Bo, Mort, Fred Duck, Doctor Garbanzo Bean
 The Garfield Show – Garfield, additional voices
 Gargoyles – Bronx, Baby Alex, Cagney, various animals
 Godzilla: The Series – Creature vocals
 Goof Troop – Waffles the Cat, Chainsaw the Dog, additional voices
 Gravedale High – Frankentyke, J.P. Ghastly the III, additional voices
 The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy – Boskov, HokeyMonsters, Barney Rubble, Trilord, Lazlo, Shnissugah, Various characters
 The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat – Max, Waiter
 Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law – Jabberjaw, Bus Driver, Avenger, Fred Jones
 Heathcliff (1980 TV series) – Dingbat
 Hercules: The Animated Series – Pegasus, Abu ("Hercules and the Arabian Night"), additional voices
 Histeria! – Father Time, Pule Houser, Fetch, Additional Voices
 House of Mouse – Gus Goose, Abu, Aracuan Bird, Butch the Bulldog, Cri-Kee, Dodger, Figaro, Louie the Mountain Lion, Pegasus, Salty the Seal
 Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. – Odin
 Inspector Gadget – Brain, Doctor Claw, Mad Cat
 Jabberjaw – Jabberjaw
 Jackie Chan Adventures – Dai Gui the Earth Demon
 The Jetsons – Orbitty (Seasons 2 and 3), Richard Rocketeer ("Family Fallout"), Ghost of Christmas Present ("A Jetsons Christmas Carol"), Young Mr. Spacely ("A Jetsons Christmas Carol"), Teenage Spacely ("A Jetsons Christmas Carol")
 Johnny Bravo – Fred Jones, Speed Buggy, She-Hulk
 Kim Possible – Various villains and creatures
 Kissyfur – Claudette
 The Legend of Tarzan – Manu
 Lilo & Stitch: The Series – Sparky, Swapper, Poxy, Additional voices
 Little Clowns of Happytown – voice
 The Little Mermaid – Additional voices
 Lloyd in Space – Additional voices
 Mad – Garfield, other characters
 The Mask: The Animated Series – Milo, Baby Forthwright
 Megas XLR – Gyven, baby, warrior, Mac, Targon
 Mickey Mouse Clubhouse – Mr. Pettibone, Butch the Bulldog, Big Red Gooey Fish, Bella, Sheep, Figaro the Kitten
 Mickey Mouse Works – The Abominable Snowman, Aracuan Bird, Butch the Bulldog, Figaro, Louie the Mountain Lion, Lion, Mr. Pettibone, Salty the Seal
 The Mighty Ducks – Chameleon
 Mighty Max – Warmonger, Escaped Scientist, Lava Lord
 Mona the Vampire – Fang, Dr. Claw, Elephant #1, Elephant #2, Lion #1, Joanna, Twister, Marahute, Alligator #2
 Muppet Babies – Baby Kermit, Baby Beaker, Skeeter
 My Little Pony – Pluma (ghost form), Dinah, Bray, Squirk
 Ni Hao, Kai-Lan – Mr. Dragon
 Over the Hedge Christmas Special – Gromit
 Pac-Man – Chomp Chomp, Morris, Adult Pac-Baby ("Pac-Van Winkle")
 The Pink Panther Show – Dragonfly, Crane Jr.
 Pinky and the Brain – The President, Maurice, Additional voices
 The Pirates of Dark Water – Niddler, Dark Dweller, Morpho, Lugg Brother #2
 Pound Puppies – Catgut, Nabbit, Additional Voices
 The Powerpuff Girls – Abracadaver, additional voices
 Quack Pack – The Claw, Knuckles
 Rambo: The Force of Freedom – Mad Dog
 The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest – Bandit, Jeremiah Surd, Additional voices
 The Real Ghostbusters – Slimer, Ray Stantz, Samhaine, The Stay-Puft Marshmallow Man, The Bogeyman, The Sandman
 Recess – Senior Fusion
 Road Rovers – Muzzle, Shag
 The Robonic Stooges – Curly, Narrator
 Robot Chicken – Megatron, Soundwave, The Phantom, Dr. Claw, Brain, Billy's Dad, Mr. Potato Head, Cy-Kill, Barack Obama
 Rude Dog and the Dweebs – Seymour, Dachshund Caboose
 Saturday Supercade – Donkey Kong Junior, Q* Dad, Q* Mungus, Q* Ball, Coilee, Ugg, Wrongway, Sam Slick
 Scooby-Doo – Fred Jones (1969–present, with the exception of A Pup Named Scooby Doo), Scooby-Doo (2002–present; succeeding Scott Innes in 2002)
 Scooby's All-Star Laff-a-Lympics – Tinker, Yakky Doodle, Magic Rabbit, Sooey Pig, Dynomutt
 Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights – Additional voices
 Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue! – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones
 Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated – Scooby-Doo, Fred Jones, Dynomutt, Jabberjaw, Speed Buggy, other characters
 The Simpsons – Santa's Little Helper, Frank Grimes, additional voices including Snorky, the other Dolphins in "Treehouse of Horror XI", and Nibbler from Futurama for "Simpsorama"
 The Skatebirds  – P.O.P.S. ("Mystery Island" segment)
 The Smurfs – Clockwork Smurf, Hefty Smurf, Peewit, Poet Smurf, Puppy, Wild Smurf, additional voices
 The Snorks – Occy, Tooter, Grandpa Wentworth, The Great Snork Nork, Finneus, additional voices
 Space Stars – Cosmo
 Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends – Bobby Drake/Iceman
 Sonic the Hedgehog – Additional voices (Season 1 only)
 Spiral Zone – Dr. Harold Lawrence, Razorback, Ned Tucker
 SpongeBob SquarePants – Giant Clams, Gorilla ("I Had an Accident")
 Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show – Darkseid, Kalibak, Mister Mxyzptlk, Dollmaker
 The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians – Darkseid, Kalibak, Mister Mxyzptlk, Joker/Ace, The Penguin
 Swat Kats: The Radical Squadron – Dr. Viper/Dr. Purvis, various
 The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries – Hector, Pepe Le Pew
 TaleSpin – Additional voices
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles – Dr. Rockwell
 Time Squad – French Captains, Horses, James Sherman/Zombie
 Timeless Tales from Hallmark – Misc. voices
 Timon and Pumbaa – Various animals and characters
 Tiny Toon Adventures – Gogo Dodo, Furrball, Calamity Coyote, Little Beeper, Byron Basset, Additional voices
 The Transformers – Blades, Buzzsaw, Chromedome, Frenzy, Groove, Jazz (Commercials only), Laserbeak, Megatron/Galvatron, Mirage, Mixmaster, Ratbat, Ravage, Rumble, Sharkticon, Skywarp, Sludge, Soundwave, Superion, Sweep, Trailbreaker, Wreck-Gar (commercials), additional voices
 Transformers: Prime – Megatron, Soundwave
 This Is America, Charlie Brown – Abraham Lincoln, Squanto, Various characters
 The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show – Spike, Droopy, Slick Wolf, Barney Bear, Tom, Jerry (every one except Nibbles)
 Turbo Teen – Flip, Rusty, Dark Rider
 What's New Mr. Magoo? – McBarker
 What's New, Scooby-Doo? – Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo, Baseball Spectre, The Mummy
 Wheelie and the Chopper Bunch – Wheelie, Chopper
 Where's Waldo? – Additional voices
 The Wild Thornberrys – Mox, Macqaque Wallah
 Wolf Rock TV – Bopper
 The Wuzzles – Mockingbirddog
 Yo Yogi! – Additional voices
 Yogi's Great Escape – Bopper, Yapper, The Real Ghost

Film
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Note
|-
| 1969
|
| Rutgers
|
|-
| 1969
|
| Henry Farthington
|
|-
| 1971
| How to Frame a Figg
| Prentiss Gates
|
|-
| 1972
| Now You See Him, Now You Don't
| Myles
|
|-
| 1972
| Dirty Little Billy
| Young punk
|
|-
| 1976
| Once Upon a Girl
| Additional Voices
|
|-
| 1981
| Raiders of the Lost Ark
| Special vocal effects
|
|-
| 1981
| Zorro, The Gay Blade
| Narrator
|
|-
| 1981
|
| Lawyer/Interviewing Dog
|
|-
| 1982
| Heidi's Song
| Schnoodie/Hootie
|
|-
| 1984
| Gallavants
| Antik/Traw
|
|-
| 1984
| Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind
| Gol
| 2005 Disney Dub
|-
| 1984
| Up the Creek
| Chuck the Wonder Dog
|
|-
| 1984
| Star Trek III: The Search for Spock
| Spock (screaming voice)
|
|-
| 1984
| Gremlins
| Stripe/Mogwai/Gremlins
|
|-
| 1984
| Cannonball Run II
| Special vocal effects
|
|-
| 1985
| Robotix
|
|
|-
| 1985
| Robotman & Friends
| Roberon/Sound-Off/Additional voices
|
|-
| 1985
| Cat's Eye
| Special vocal effects
|
|-
| 1985
| Explorers
| Special vocal effects
|
|-
| 1985
| My Science Project
| Aliens
|
|-
| 1985
| Rose Petal Place: Real Friends
| Seymour/Horace
|
|-
| 1985
| The Pound Puppies
| Howler/Catgut/Snichey
|
|-
| 1985
|
| Glo Sluggerbug/Christmas Elf
|
|-
|1990
| DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp
| Additional Voices
|
|-
|1990
| The Rescuers Down Under
| Joanna and Additional Special Vocal Effects
|
|-
| 1991
| Beauty and the Beast
| Footstool/Wolves
| Voice
|-
| 1991
| Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze
| Tokka and Razor
| Voice
|-
| 1992
| Aladdin
| Abu, Rajah and the Cave of Wonders
| Voice
|-
| 1993
| Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey
| Birdzilla/Raccoon/SKunk/Owl/Coyotes/Bear Cubs/Bear/Mountain Lion/Porcupine
|-
| 1993
| Happily Ever After
| Batso
|
|-
| 1994
| The Lion King
| Additional Voices
|
|-
| 1994
| The Santa Clause
| Reindeer vocal effects
|
|-
| 1994
| Stargate
| Voice of the mastage
|
|-
| 1994
| The Pagemaster
| Horror/Parrot/Raven/Dragon
|
|-
| 1995
| A Goofy Movie
| Bigfoot
| Voice
|-
| 1995
| Gordy
| Narrator
| Voice
|-
| 1995
| Pocahontas
| Flit
| Voice
|-
| 1995
| Toy Story
| RC/Scud/Buster
| Voice
|-
| 1995
| Jumanji
| Animal vocal effects
|
|-
| 1996
| Dunston Checks In
| Special vocal effects
| Voice
|-
| 1996
| The Hunchback of Notre Dame
| Baby bird
| Voice
|-
| 1996
| Space Jam
| Charles the Dog
| Voice
|-
| 1996
| Mars Attacks!
| Martians
| Voice
|-
| 1998
| A Bug's Life
| The Bird
| Voice
|-
| 1998
| Jane Austen's Mafia!| Various animal vocal effects
|
|-
| 1998
| Quest for Camelot| Ayden
|
|-
| 1998
| Godzilla| Zilla
| Voice
|-
| 1998
| The Rugrats Movie| The Wolf and Spike
| Voice
|-
| 1999
| Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas| Turkey and Figaro
| Voice
|-
| 2000
| The Tigger Movie| Bees and Frogs
| Voice
|-
| 2000
| Tweety's High-Flying Adventure| Mugsy and Hugo the Abominable Snowman and Hector the Bulldog
| Voice
|-
| 2000
| How the Grinch Stole Christmas| Max
| Voice
|-
| 2000
| The Emperor's New Groove| Dragonfly/Black Jaguars
| Voice
|-
| 2001
| Shrek| Dragon
| Voice
|-
| 2002
| Return to Never Land| Nana 2
|
|-
| 2002
| Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring| Jerry/Tyke/Old Man
| Voice
|-
| 2002
| The Hunchback of Notre Dame II| Achilles/Djali
| VoiceDirect-to-video
|-
| 2002
| Eight Legged Freaks| Consuela and other spiders' vocal effects
|
|-
| 2003
| Stitch! The Movie| Sparky
| Voice
|-
| 2003
| Looney Tunes: Back in Action| Scooby-Doo/Barnyard Dog
| Voice
|-
| 2004
| Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers| Additional Voices
|
|-
| 2005
| Tom and Jerry: Blast Off to Mars| Spike
| Voice
|-
| 2005
| Chicken Little| Bull
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| Curious George| George
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| Bambi II| Dogs
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| Cars| Frank
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| Happy Feet| Killer Whales
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| The Land Before Time XII: The Great Day of the Flyers| Spinosaurus
| Voice
|-
| 2006
| Night at the Museum| Rexy
| Voice
|-
| 2007
| TMNT| Monsters
| Voice
|-
| 2009
| Garfield's Pet Force| Garfield, additional voicesNarrator
| Voice
|-
| 2009
| Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs| Momma
| Voice
|-
| 2009
|Lego Star Wars: The Quest for R2-D2| Exogorth
| Voice
|-
| 2009
| Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen| Soundwave, Devastator, Grindor, Reedman & Ravage
| Voice
|-
| 2010
| Alice in Wonderland| Bandersnatch
| Voice
|-
| 2010
| Firebreather| Dragon #1
| Voice
|-
| 2011
| The Smurfs| Azrael
| Voice
|-
| 2011
| Transformers: Dark of the Moon| Shockwave, Barricade & Soundwave
| Voice
|-
| 2012
| Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted| Sonya
| Voice
|-
| 2012
| The Grey| Wolf sound effects
|
|-
| 2012
| Frankenweenie| Sparky, Giant Sea Monkeys
| Voice
|-
| 2013
| The Smurfs 2| Azrael
| Voice
|-
| 2014
| Transformers: Age of Extinction| Galvatron
| Voice
|-
| 2019
| Woody's Roundup: The Movie| Bullseye, The Little Critters
| VoiceDirect-to-video
|}

Animated film roles
 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure - Dog sounds, additional animals' vocal effects, additional voices
 Aladdin, The Return of Jafar and Aladdin and the King of Thieves - Abu
 Alvin and the Chipmunks: Meet Frankenstein - "Frankie" The Monster
 Alvin and the Chipmunks: Meet the Wolfman - Werewolf vocal effects
 Annabelle's Wish - Animal vocal effects
 Atlantis: Milo's Return - Obby, Mantell
 Balto III: Wings of Change - Bull Moose
 Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker - Ace the Bat-Hound
 Beauty and the Beast - Footstool
 Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas - Phillippe, Sultan
 Belle's Magical World - Sultan
 Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins - Grubs, Self Destruct, Ranger #1, Rhizomian Man, Cadet Flarn
 Cats Don't Dance - Farley Wink
 Charlotte's Web 2: Wilbur's Great Adventure - Animal vocal effects
 The Chipmunk Adventure - Sophie Vorstein, Furschtein, Native Chief
 Cinderella II: Dreams Come True - Lucifer, Pom-Pom, Bruno
 Cinderella III: A Twist in Time - Lucifer
 Curious George - George
 Dinosaur - dinosaur sounds
 Doug's 1st Movie - Herman Melville
 The Emperor's New Groove - Dragonfly, Black Panthers
 Firebreather - Dragon #1
 Garfield Gets Real - Garfield, Goth Kid, Hardy, Keith, Nerd, Prop Boy, and Two Headed Guy
 Garfield's Fun Fest - Garfield, Delivery Gnome, Jeff, Leonard, Prop Boy
 Garfield's Pet Force - Garfield/Garzooka
 GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords - Scooter, Zeemon, Rest-Q, Pulver-Eyes, Sticks, Narilphant
 A Goofy Movie - Bigfoot
 Happily Ever After - Batso
 The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Baby bird
 The Hunchback of Notre Dame II - Achilles, Djali
 In Search of Dr. Seuss - Horton, Mazie, Chief Yookeroo, and Van Itch. (Additional Voice)
 It's the Pied Piper, Charlie Brown - Mayor, Mayor's Aides, Townsperson, Mouse sounds
 Jetsons: The Movie - Space Basketball Coach, Lead Grungee, other Grungees
 Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius - Goddard / Orthgot / Worm / Demon (voice)
 Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure - Dog sound effects, Reggie (Street Dog)
 The Land Before Time III: The Time of the Great Giving - Velociraptor (voice)
 The Land Before Time IV: Journey Through the Mists - Tickles (voice)
 The Lion King - Additional voice
 The Little Engine That Could - Perky, Eagle, Farnsworth, Jebediah and Rollo
 The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea - Max the Sheepdog
 The Little Troll Prince - Prag #2
 MAD - Black Spy, additional voices
 Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted - Sonya
 The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper - Mr. Chew
 Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed In at the House of Mouse - The Abominable Snowman, Genie
 Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas - Figaro, Turkey
 Mulan - Cri-kee, and Khan
 Mulan II - Cri-kee, Khan, and Little Brother
 My Little Pony: The Movie - Bushwoolie #3, Grundle
 My Neighbor Totoro - Totoro, Catbus (2006 Disney dub only)
 Noah's Ark - Various animal vocal effects
 The Nutcracker Prince - Pavlova Oliver & Company - Louie the Hot Dog Vendor, dog sounds, additional voices
 Open Season - Rabbits
 The Pagemaster - Horror, Parrot, Raven, Dragon
 Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night - Igor (voice)
 Pocahontas - Flit
 Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World - Flit
 Porco Rosso  - Mamma Aiuto Gang Members, additional voices (2005 English dub)
 The Powerpuff Girls Movie - Whole Lotta Monkeys
 The Prince and the Pauper - Dying King
 Quest for Camelot - Ayden the falcon, dragons
 The Rescuers Down Under - Marahute, Joanna, talking white mouse, additional special vocal effects
 Return to Never Land - Nanatwo
 The Road to El Dorado - Altivo (voice)
 Roller Coaster Rabbit (Roger Rabbit cartoon) – Bull
 Scooby-Doo film series - Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo, and others
 Stitch! The Movie - Experiment 221 Sparky, additional voices
 Tiny Toon Adventures: How I Spent My Vacation - Uncle Stinky, additional voices
 The Tigger Movie - Bees and frogs
 The Transformers: The Movie - Frenzy, Junkion, Laserbeak, Megatron, Rumble, Soundwave, Wheelie, Ravage
 Transformers Prime Beast Hunters: Predacons Rising - Megatron
 Trail Mix-Up (Roger Rabbit cartoon) – Beaver, bear

Live-action or live-action/animation hybrid film voice roles
 101 Dalmatians and 102 Dalmatians - Various animal vocal effects
 Alice in Wonderland - additional vocal effects
 Anaconda - Anaconda (voice)
 Banana Splits - Bingo (2008 version)
 Born to Be Wild - Special vocal effects
 Buddy - Buddy (voice)
 Caddyshack 2 - The Gopher (voice)
 The Cat in the Hat - Nevins
 Deep Blue Sea - Parrot vocal effects
 Deep Rising - Octalus (voice)
 Dollman vs. Demonic Toys - Voices of Baby Oopsy-Daisy
 Dunston Checks In - Special Vocal Effects (voice)
 Eight Legged Freaks - Vocal effects for Consuela the queen spider and other spider vocal effects
 Godzilla (1998) - Creature vocals
 The Golden Child - The Thing (voice)
 Gordy - Narrator (voice), Gordy's vocal effects and other vocal effects of creatures
 Gremlins 2: The New Batch - Mohawk (voice)
 Terrorvision - The orrendeous demon blob (voice)
 The Gun in Betty Lou's Handbag - Scarlett the Dog
 Halloweentown High - Creature vocals
 Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey - Special vocal effects
 Honey, I Shrunk the Kids - (voice)
 How the Grinch Stole Christmas - Max
 Hudson Hawk - Bunny the fox terrier
 Independence Day - Alien vocal effects
 The Indian in the Cupboard - Special vocal effects
 The Informant! - Mark Whitacre's Father
 The Island of Dr. Moreau - Various hybrid creature vocal effects
 Jane Austen's Mafia! - Various animal vocal effects
 Jumanji - Animal vocal effects
 Little Giants - X and O dots (voice)
 The Lone Ranger - Vocal effects for Silver
 Looney Tunes: Back in Action - Scooby-Doo (voice)
 The Love Bug - Vocal effects for Herbie
 Man's Best Friend - Vocal effects for Max the experimental dog, Ed the parrot and Boo the cat
 Monkey Trouble - Dodger the Monkey
 Mortal Kombat - Voice of Shao Kahn and vocal effects of Goro
 Mr. Popper's Penguins - Vocal effects for Captain, Bitey, Nimrod, Loudy, Lovey, and Stinky
 Munchies - Munchie (voice)
 The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking - Mister Neilson, Alfons
 New York Minute - Reinaldo
 Night at the Museum - Rexy, Mammoth and Dexter (voice)
 Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian - Rexy (T-rex skeleton), Giant Octopus, Smilodon skeleton and Dexter (voice)
 Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb - Rexy, Trixie, Leo constellation, Dexter (voice) and other museum creatures
 Prehysteria - dinosaurs (voice)
 Prancer - Prancer (voice)
 Python - Python (voice)
 Rusty: A Dog's Tale - Boss Duck
 The Santa Clause - Reindeer vocal effects
 Scooby-Doo - Creature vocals
 Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins - Scooby-Doo
 Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster - Scooby-Doo
 Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed - Pterodactyl Ghost
 seaQuest DSV - Darwin (voice)
 The Smurfs - Azrael
 The Smurfs 2 - Azrael
 SpaceCamp - Jinx the Robot (voice)
 Space Jam - Charlie the Dog (voice)
 Spawn - The Devil Malebolgia
 Species - Alien Sil (voice)
 Super Mario Bros. - Vocals for Yoshi, Goombas and other creatures
 Tales from the Darkside: The Movie - The cat ("The Cat from Hell")
 Tank Girl - special vocal effects
 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze - Tokka and Rahzar (voice)
 Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen - Soundwave (voice), Devastator (voice), Reedman (voice), Grindor, Ravage (Sound effects)
 Transformers: Dark of the Moon - Shockwave (voice), Soundwave (voice), Barricade (voice)
 Transformers: Age of Extinction - Galvatron (voice)
 Treehouse Hostage - Kato
 Tremors - Graboids (voice)
 Tremors 2: Aftershocks - Vocal effects for Graboids, and Shriekers
 Tremors 3: Back to Perfection - Vocal effects for El Blanco (Albino Graboid), Graboids, Shriekers, and Ass-blasters
 Tremors 4: The Legend Begins - Graboids (voice)
 Tommy Boy - Guard dog
 The X-Files - Additional Voices

Theme park roles
 The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (ride) - Barney Rubble, Dinosaur
 Jimmy Neutron's Nicktoon Blast - Goddard (voice), Poultra (voice)
 Transformers: The Ride - Megatron, Devastator, Ravage
 Hong Kong Disneyland Mystic Manor - Albert
 Kitchen Kabaret - Mr. Eggz
 Country Bear Vacation Hoedown - Melvin the Moose, Randy the Skunk
 The American Adventure - Soldier

Video game roles
 Baldur's Gate - Xzar
 ClayFighter 63 1/3 - Blob, Ickybod Clay
 ClayFighter: The Sculptor's Cut - Blob, Ickybod Clay, Lockjaw Pooch, Zappa Yow Yow Boys
 DuckTales: Remastered - Beagle Boys, Terra-Firmian King, Bubba Duck
 Epic Mickey - Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, The Shadow Blot, Additional Voices
 Epic Mickey 2: The Power of Two - Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
 Lego Dimensions - Scooby-Doo, Mumsy-Doo, Dada-Doo, Peter Venkman (new dialogue), Stay Puft, Fred Jones
 Scooby-Doo! and the Spooky Swamp - Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo
 Scooby-Doo! First Frights - Fred Jones, Scooby Doo, various
 StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm - Zurvan
 Transformers: Devastation - Megatron, Soundwave

Commercial roles
 Honey Smacks - Dig'em Frog
 McDonalds - Grimace, CosMc
 Rice Krispies - Crackle
 State Farm'' - Fred Jones, Scooby-Doo

References

1946 births
2023 deaths
Actors from Denver
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors

Frank Welker


Pulse Impact Investing Management Software was a software platform that was available free to non-profit companies and designed to help organizations better demonstrate impact.

Pulse was designed to track financial, operational, social and environmental metrics, and featured a range of qualitative reporting to complement quantitative performance management data. It allowed organizations to aggregate and benchmark financial, operating, social and environmental performance metrics at the portfolio and sector level, allowing for meaningful comparisons of performance against a relevant peer group.

On September 30, 2013, Acumen Fund and B Lab announced Pulse would be integrated into the B Analytics platform and no longer offered on a standalone basis.

History
Pulse was developed by Acumen Fund, who, in 2006, recognized the need to standardize the metrics that social investors track to benchmark and better understand the impact of one social investor versus another. Acumen Fund recruited volunteer engineers from Google to build a prototype portfolio management system, and from this work, a system called PDMS (Portfolio Data Management System) was launched. Google's charitable arm Google.org started using PDMS soon after, and PDMS was exhibited at the 2006 ANDE (Aspen Network of Development Professionals) annual conference.

In 2007 and 2008, PDMS continued to gain industry acceptance as the formal beta test was launched with more flexibility and features. In 2008, Acumen Fund and the developers of PDMS decided to move the system onto the Salesforce.com platform. Concurrently, Acumen Fund engaged The Rockefeller Foundation, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, Global Impact Investing Network, Hitachi, and B-Lab to develop the standard taxonomy that PDMS would use, which was dubbed IRIS (Impact Reporting and Investment Standards). The new system, built on the Salesforce.com platform and incorporating the new IRIS standards, was renamed Pulse.

References

External links
Acumen Fund

Financial software


A drink or beverage is a liquid that an organism can take into their body, by using their mouth. Typical drinks for humans include water, tea, milk, coffee, juice, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks.

All drinks are mainly water. All living things need water to live. If we don't get enough water, we will dehydrate, and likely die. Plants take in water through their roots, which are underground.

Most land animals get water by drinking.

Places that have no water
Deserts are places that have very little water. The only area in the desert that has water is an oasis.

Basic English 850 words

Physiology

Drink


Chariot races were a popular sport in Ancient Greece and Rome. Chariot racing was dangerous to both drivers and horses as they often suffered serious injury and even death, but these dangers added to the excitement and interest for spectators. Chariot races could be watched by women, who were banned from watching many other sports. In the Roman form of chariot racing, teams represented different groups of financial backers and sometimes competed for the services of particularly skilled drivers.

Ancient sports
Horse racing

Chariot racing


Love Rain () is a 2012 South Korean television series directed by Yoon Seok-ho. Set in the seventies and the present day, it tells a love story over two generations, with Jang Keun-suk and Im Yoon-ah playing dual roles. It aired on KBS2 from March 26 to May 29, 2012, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

Despite low viewership ratings in Korea, it was popular overseas and was the most expensive Korean drama presold to Japan in 2012.

Synopsis
It's love at first sight when Seo In-ha (Jang Keun-suk) and Kim Yoon-hee (Im Yoon-ah) meet as shy university students in the seventies. It takes time for the hesitant pair to finally voice their feelings, but circumstances beyond their control send them down different paths. In 2012, In-ha (Jung Jin-young) is now unhappily married to Baek Hye-jung, one of Yoon-hee's former best friends. He has never gotten over his first love, and when he runs into Yoon-hee (Lee Mi-sook) after so many years, the two reconcile and look forward to making up for lost time.

In-ha's son Seo Joon (Jang Keun-suk) is a photographer, and he bumps into Yoon-hee's daughter Jung Ha-na (Im Yoon-ah) by chance. Unlike her mother, Ha-na is a cheerful and vivacious girl, and though they initially find each other troublesome, even as they argue, they can't help but be drawn to each other. In search of house, she rented place at Seo Joon and started sharing their day-to-day activities together. Gradually their feelings develop, and Joon and Ha-na fall in love.

Unaware that their children are dating each other, Seo In-ha (Jung Jin-young) and Kim Yoon-hee (Lee Mi-sook) announce that they are getting married, which will make Joon and Ha-na step-siblings. As both couples deal with the shock, Joon and Ha-na struggle with sacrificing their love for their parents' long-aborted happiness. But when their parents get to know about their love they risked their relationship for their children and breakup. After some time Yoon-hee goes overseas for her eye operation with her daughter taking care of her while she and pursued her gardening career there. After some days of caring her mother she left her mother with In-ha's care, so they can again purse their relationship there without any hurdle. Seo Joon and Jung Ha-na get married with blessing of Seo Joon's mother.

Cast
1970s
Im Yoon-ah as Kim Yoon-hee
Jang Keun-suk as Seo In-ha
Kim Si-hoo as Lee Dong-wook
Son Eun-seo as Baek Hye-jung
Seo In-guk as Kim Chang-mo
Hwang Bo-ra as Hwang In-sook

2012
Im Yoon-ah as Jung Ha-na (Yoon-hee's daughter)
Jang Keun-suk as Seo Joon (In-ha's son)
Kim Si-hoo as Lee Sun-ho (Dong-wook's son)
Jung Jin-young as Seo In-ha
Lee Mi-sook as Kim Yoon-hee
Kim Young-kwang as Han Tae-sung
Oh Seung-yoon as Jo-soo
Park Se-young as Lee Mi-ho (Dong-wook's daughter)
Lee Chan-ho as Jang-soo
Shin Ji-ho as In-sung
Kwon In-ha as Lee Dong-wook
Yoo Hye-ri as Baek Hye-jung
Park Ji-il as Kim Chang-mo
Seo In-guk as Kim Jeon-seol (Chang-mo's nephew)

Production
Love Rain reunited director Yoon Seok-ho and screenwriter Oh Soo-yeon; they previously worked together on Autumn in My Heart and Winter Sonata a decade before.

Jung Jin-young and Jang Keun-suk were costars in the films The Happy Life (2007) and The Case of Itaewon Homicide (2009). Im Yoon-ah and Yoo Hye-ri were costars in the television series You are My Destiny (2008) and Cinderella Man (2009).

Love Rain began filming on September 24, 2011. The first day's shooting for the '70s' era took place at Keimyung University in Daegu, South Korea.

The drama was featured at the MIPTV, an international event for marketing and purchasing entertainment content held in Cannes, France in April 2012.

Soundtrack

Love Rain also featured non-Korean background music, such as "Verden Vil Bedras" by Sigvart Dagsland in episode 6, and "(Where Do I Begin?) Love Story" instrumentals in episodes 1 and 3.
Also the song "Vem vet" by Swedish singer and songwriter Lisa Ekdahl is used several times during the series.

Reception
Love Rain received low ratings domestically, with an average of 5.1% nationwide.

But due to the Korean Wave appeal of its lead stars Jang and Im, of all the Korean dramas sold abroad for 2012, Love Rain went for the highest price to Japan before it was even broadcast in Korea. It cost  per episode, adding up to some  (or ) in total. It has since been exported to 12 countries in Asia and Europe including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Philippines, Cambodia, and Singapore, recording around  in overseas sales.

Ratings

Awards and nominations

Plagiarism lawsuit
Egg Film, the production company behind the 2003 film The Classic filed an injunction at Seoul District Court against Yoon's Color for copyright infringement on June 6, 2012. In it, the motion sought to ban any future broadcast of Love Rain and any subsequent production and sales of the drama and its related products. Egg Film claimed that the TV series' plot and characters were too similar to the film, specifically the themes of a couple breaking up because one chose friendship over love, and years later their children falling in love with one another.

Yoon's Color disputed the claims, stating that the themes were common to the melodrama genre, since several scenes of The Classic were also similar to Yoon Seok-ho's earlier TV dramas. They accused Egg Film of "trying to jump on the bandwagon" given the overseas success of Love Rain.

Film
Love Rain was re-edited into a two-part film which screened in Japanese theaters. The first part, composed mainly of scenes set in the 1970s, was released on September 20, 2013, while the second part, which focuses on the present day, was released on October 11, 2013. The film later aired on cable channel WOWOW in August 2014.

References

External links

2012 South Korean television series debuts
2012 South Korean television series endings
Korean Broadcasting System television dramas
Korean-language television shows
Television shows involved in plagiarism controversies
South Korean romance television series
South Korean melodrama television series

Love Rain