Nicholas Lou Saban Jr. (; born October 31, 1951) is an American football coach who has been the head football coach at the University of Alabama since 2007. Saban previously served as head coach of the National Football League (NFL)'s Miami Dolphins and at three other universities: Louisiana State University (LSU), Michigan State University, and the University of Toledo. Saban is considered by many to be the greatest coach in college football history.

Saban led the LSU Tigers to the BCS National Championship in 2003 and the Alabama Crimson Tide to BCS and AP national championships in 2009, 2011, 2012, and College Football Playoff championships in 2015, 2017 and 2020. He has won seven national titles as a head coach, the most in college football history. He became the first coach in college football history to win a national championship with two different Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) schools since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936. Saban and Bear Bryant are the only coaches to win an SEC championship at two different schools. Saban's career record as a college head coach is 287-70–1.

In 2013, Saban was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. Saban has coached four Heisman Trophy winners at Alabama: Mark Ingram II (2009), Derrick Henry (2015), DeVonta Smith (2020), and Bryce Young (2021).

Early life and education
Saban was born in Fairmont, West Virginia, to Mary and Nick Lou Saban Sr. He grew up with a sister, Dianna, and graduated from Monongah High School in the small community of Monongah, West Virginia, about 25miles (40 km) southwest of Morgantown. Saban is of Croatian ancestry. His paternal grandfather, Stanko Saban, was born in 1895 in Gospić, in the Lika region of Croatia. Stanko emigrated to Portland, Oregon, in 1908, when he was 13 years old. He later married Anna Mihalic, of Croatian-American heritage.

Saban played quarterback on the 1968 West Virginia state championship team. Among his teammates were Kerry Marbury, who went on to star for the West Virginia Mountaineers and play in the Canadian Football League.

On December 18, 1971, Saban married Terry Constable, also from West Virginia. In 1973, he graduated from Kent State University with a bachelor's degree in business. Saban played defensive back for Kent State under coach Don James. He and a roommate avoided being part of the Kent State shootings, on May 4, 1970, when they decided to eat lunch before walking to the rally area.

In 1975, Saban earned his master's degree in sports administration from Kent State. Saban's father died during his son's first year of graduate school.

Coaching career

Early coaching career
Saban had not intended to enter the coaching ranks until Don James hired him as a graduate assistant at Kent State, while Saban waited for his wife to graduate. He later served as an assistant coach in NCAA Division I-A, at several schools: Syracuse in 1977, West Virginia in 1978 and 1979, Ohio State in 1980 and 1981, Navy in 1982, and Michigan State from 1983 to 1987.

After the 1987 season, Kent State passed over Saban for its vacant head coaching position and hired Dick Crum. Saban was then hired as an assistant for the Houston Oilers in the National Football League.

Toledo
Saban began his career as a head coach when he was hired by the University of Toledo on December 22, 1989. Coming off of 6–5 seasons in both 1988 and 1989, the Rockets found quick success under Nick Saban in 1990. With a 9–2 season, Toledo was co-champion of the Mid-American Conference. The two games the Rockets lost that season were by narrow margins: one point to Central Michigan and four points to Navy. While coaching in Toledo, Saban turned down an application from future head coach Urban Meyer, who was looking for any coaching job on Saban's staff.

Cleveland Browns
The following February, Saban resigned as Toledo's head coach after only one season in order to become defensive coordinator of the Cleveland Browns under head coach Bill Belichick. He remained in that position for four seasons. Saban helped lead the 1994 defensive unit for the Browns that was the best in the NFL in points allowed. Saban later said these four years were the "worst of my life".

Michigan State
Saban became head coach of Michigan State prior to the 1995 season. Michigan State had not had a winning season since 1990, and the team was sanctioned by the NCAA for recruiting violations that were committed under his predecessor and former mentor, George Perles.

Beginning in 1995, Saban moderately improved Michigan State's fortunes, taking the Spartans to bowl games in each of his first three seasons. From 1995 to 1997, Michigan State finished 6–5–1, 6–6, and 7–5.

On November 7, 1998, the Spartans upset the No.1 ranked Ohio State Buckeyes 28–24 at Ohio Stadium. However, even after the upset and an early-season rout of then-highly ranked Notre Dame the Spartans finished 6–6, including three last-minute losses featuring turnovers, defensive lapses, and special-teams misplays, and failed to earn a bowl invitation.

Saban led the 1999 Spartans to a 9–2 season that included wins over Notre Dame, Michigan, Ohio State, and Penn State. The two losses were routs at the hands of Purdue and Wisconsin. Following the final regular-season game against Penn State, Saban abruptly resigned to accept the head coaching position with LSU. Saban's assistant head coach and successor, Bobby Williams, coached the Spartans to a Citrus Bowl victory over Florida, giving the Spartans an overall record of 10–2 for the 1999 season. It was the most wins for the Spartans in a season since 1965, and the Spartans reached their highest ranking since the 1966 team. Future NFL head coach Josh McDaniels served as a graduate assistant on Saban's 1999 coaching staff.

LSU
In November 1999, LSU named Nick Saban as their 31st head football coach. In 2000, the Tigers went 8–4 and won the Peach Bowl over Georgia Tech. The season was somewhat marred by several lopsided losses, including a 34–17 loss to the Auburn Tigers, and a 41–9 loss to the Florida Gators.

Saban led LSU to a 10–3 record in 2001, including an SEC Championship and a Sugar Bowl victory. After a 35–24 loss to the Ole Miss Rebels, the Tigers finished the year with six straight wins, including a 31–20 win over #2 Tennessee in the 2001 SEC Championship Game, and a 47–34 win over Illinois in the 2002 Sugar Bowl. It was the first outright SEC championship for LSU since 1986, and the first time the Tigers had won the Sugar Bowl since 1968.

The 2002 season opened with high expectations, but a 26–8 loss at the hands of Virginia Tech in the Tigers' season opener raised serious questions about their outlook. However, the Tigers would rebound to win their next six straight, but after a mid-season injury to quarterback Matt Mauck, LSU lost four of its last six games to close the season, including a 21–20 loss at Arkansas, which knocked the Tigers out of the SEC Championship Game. LSU also suffered a 35–20 loss to Texas in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and finished 8–5.

The 2003 Tigers started the season with five wins, including a 17–10 victory in Tiger Stadium over the defending SEC champion, and then-undefeated, Georgia Bulldogs. LSU lost the following week to Florida, 19–7. After the loss to Florida, LSU did not lose again in the regular season and ended its regular season with a win over the Arkansas Razorbacks to win the SEC West. After winning the SEC West, the Tigers defeated the Georgia Bulldogs 34–13 in the SEC Championship Game in Atlanta. They were ranked No. 2 in the BCS standings and advanced to play the BCS No.1 Oklahoma Sooners in the Sugar Bowl, which was the host of the BCS Championship Game in 2003. The Tigers won the game 21–14. The win gave LSU the BCS national championship and a 13–1 finish for the season.

LSU finished the 2004 season 9–3, after losing to the Iowa Hawkeyes in the Capital One Bowl 30–25 on a final play touchdown pass. Other losses that season were on the road at Auburn 10–9, and a loss on the road to Georgia 45–16. At the end of the 2004 season, Saban left LSU to coach the Miami Dolphins.

Miami Dolphins

Saban accepted the head coaching position for the Miami Dolphins on December 25, 2004. He was the sixth coach in the franchise's history. The Nick Saban era officially kicked off with a 34–10 win over the Denver Broncos in 2005. From there, however, the Dolphins struggled, losing seven of their next nine games to fall to 3–7. The two wins came over the Carolina Panthers and the New Orleans Saints, a game that took place in Tiger Stadium due to Hurricane Katrina. After a frustrating two months, however, the Dolphins would rally late in the season, as they won their final six games, including a win to end the season in Foxboro, Massachusetts over the New England Patriots. The team finished the year with a 9–7 record, and narrowly missed the playoffs in Saban's first season.

Going into the 2006 season, the Dolphins were expected to contend for a playoff spot. The season, however, turned out to be a major disappointment. The Dolphins were considering quarterback Drew Brees, who had just been released from the San Diego Chargers due to a career-threatening shoulder injury and subsequent contract dispute, but instead traded for Daunte Culpepper, who was still recovering from a knee injury from the previous season. Saban later said that the team's decision to pass on Brees was the moment he knew that he would leave the team. Culpepper never fully recovered and was ultimately benched after the fourth game of the season, when the Dolphins lost to the Houston Texans. He was eventually put on injured reserve. After starting the season 1–6, however, the Dolphins got hot. They won four straight games, including wins over the Chicago Bears, who were previously unbeaten and made it to the Super Bowl that year, and the Kansas City Chiefs. Suddenly, the Dolphins were back in the playoff hunt at 5–6, but a 24–10 loss the following week to the Jacksonville Jaguars all but ended their playoff hopes. The Dolphins rebounded the following week with a 21–0 win over the New England Patriots, the Dolphins' last victory of the 2006 season. Quarterback Joey Harrington was eventually benched in favor of third-string quarterback Cleo Lemon. The defense ranked as a top-five unit in points and yards allowed. However, the offense was anemic, with the only bright spot being running back Ronnie Brown, who gained over 1,000 rushing yards on the season. The Dolphins lost their next two games to the Buffalo Bills and the New York Jets to finish 6–10, Saban's first losing season as a head coach.

On November 27, 2006, the University of Alabama announced the firing of head coach Mike Shula. Saban was rumored to be at the top of Alabama's wish list, but Saban refused to discuss the job while his NFL season was still underway. During the month of December 2006, Saban was repeatedly questioned by the media about the Alabama job, and he repeatedly denied the rumors in his weekly press conferences, stating on December 21 "I guess I have to say it. I'm not going to be the Alabama coach." Saban met with Alabama officials on January 1, 2007, which was shortly after the Dolphins' season-ending loss to the Indianapolis Colts.

Alabama

2007 season
On January 3, 2007, following a meeting with Dolphins owner Wayne Huizenga, Saban announced that he had accepted an offer to become Alabama's 27thhead coach. His initial eight-year contract totaling  made him one of the highest-paid football coaches, professional or collegiate, in the United States at the time.

On January 4, 2007, at a press conference on the Alabama campus, Saban was officially introduced as the head football coach of The University of Alabama. On September 1, 2007, his Crimson Tide opened the season with a 52–6 win over the Western Carolina Catamounts, scoring more points than during any game in the 2006 season. Saban became the fifth Alabama coach since 1900 to start his first season 3–0, earning a win over then-ranked No.16 Arkansas Razorbacks. Alabama ended the regular season with a 6–6 record, including a four-game losing streak, a particularly humiliating loss at home to Louisiana-Monroe, and a sixth straight loss to Auburn in the Iron Bowl. All six of Alabama's losses were by seven points or less. The Crimson Tide defeated Colorado in the 2007 Independence Bowl, 30–24, to end the year 7–6.

2008 season
During his second year as head coach of the Tide, Saban led his team from a sub-par season in 2007 to a perfect 12–0 regular season record. Saban finished the regular season undefeated for the first time in his career as a head coach as he led the Crimson Tide to its first undefeated regular season since 1994. He appeared on the September 1, 2008, cover of Forbes magazine as "The Most Powerful Coach in Sports."

His second season as Alabama head coach began with a 34–10 victory over the No.9 ranked Clemson Tigers in the Chick-fil-A College Kickoff in the Georgia Dome. Alabama won the next two games against Tulane and Western Kentucky before entering SEC play. In the following game, Alabama had a convincing 49–14 road-win over Arkansas. The Tide followed that victory with a 41–30 win over the No.3 ranked Georgia Bulldogs. After the Georgia game, the Tide won consecutive home games against the Kentucky Wildcats and the Ole Miss Rebels and finished the month of October with a 29–9 victory over the Tennessee Volunteers. Following a 35–0 homecoming victory over Arkansas State, the Crimson Tide rose to No.1 in all major polls in Week 10following a loss by No.1 Texas to the Texas Tech Red Raiders. It was the first time since the 1980 season that Alabama held the top spot during the regular season.

The Tide took their No.1 ranking into Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and came out with a 27–21 overtime victory over LSU. With the win, Alabama clinched its first SEC Western Division championship since 1999 and guaranteed the team a trip to the 2008 SEC Championship Game. The Tide then improved to 11–0 with a win at home over Mississippi State. To finish the regular season, Bama defeated in-state rival Auburn, 36–0, the largest margin of victory in the series since 1962. It was Alabama's first victory over Auburn since the 2001 season. In the SEC Championship Game, Alabama suffered its first defeat in a 31–20 loss to the SEC Eastern Division champion Florida Gators (who later won the 2008 BCS Championship), and closed out the season with a 31–17 loss to Utah in the Sugar Bowl to finish the season at 12–2. For his efforts during the season, Saban received several Coach of the Year awards.

2009 season

No.5 Alabama began Saban's third year by defeating the No.7 ranked Virginia Tech Hokies in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game, 34–24. The Crimson Tide followed up with wins over Florida International and North Texas. The following week Alabama won its conference opener over Arkansas, 35–7. In its fifth game of the year, Alabama beat Kentucky, 38–20. The sixth game of the season featured a hard-fought defensive battle with Bama defeating Ole Miss, 22–3. The seventh game was the same as Alabama defeated the South Carolina Gamecocks, 20–6. The next day, Alabama moved up to No.1 in the APpoll for the second straight year. The next week Alabama defeated Tennessee 12–10. Terrence Cody blocked Tennessee's game-winning field goal attempt with four seconds left, sealing the victory and improving the team's record to 8–0.

After a bye week, Alabama clinched its second straight SEC West Division championship by knocking off LSU, 24–15. The next week Alabama defeated Mississippi State, 31–3, securing the second straight 10-win season for Alabama. Following a 45–0 shutout of Chattanooga, on Black Friday, Alabama came from behind to defeat Gene Chizik's Auburn Tigers, 26–21, marking the first time since 1973–1974 Alabama had finished the regular season undefeated in consecutive years, and the first consecutive 12-win seasons. The Crimson Tide defeated the Florida Gators in the SEC Championship, 32–13, in a rematch of the previous year's championship game. The championship represented Alabama's 22nd SEC title and its first since 1999. Saban's Crimson Tide ended the season with a 37–21 victory over the Texas Longhorns in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game to finish a perfect 14–0. The win secured Saban's second national championship and Alabama's 13th, and its first in the BCS era. At the on-campus celebration, Saban famously stated "I want everybody here to know, this is not the end. This is the beginning." Following the victory over the Longhorns, the University of Alabama announced that it would unveil a statue of Saban in the week prior to the kickoff of the 2010 season. On April 16, 2011, a life-sized bronzed statue of Saban was unveiled at the 2011 A-Day spring game, making him Alabama's fifth coach to be immortalized outside the north end zone of Bryant–Denny Stadium.

2010 season

At the start of his fourth season, Alabama was overwhelmingly chosen as the preseason No.1 team in both the AP and Coaches Poll. It was the first time since 1978 that the Crimson Tide started the season ranked No. 1. In the season opener in front a record crowd of 101,821, Alabama defeated San Jose State, 48–3. The following week, the Tide defeated Joe Paterno and the #23 Penn State 24–3 in their first meeting since 1990. The next week against Duke, Mark Ingram II made his first start of the 2010 season leading Alabama to a 62–13 victory. The next week Alabama overcame a 20–7 deficit to win its conference opener against #10 Arkansas, 24–20. On October 2, Alabama defeated #7 Florida 31–6. The following week Alabama lost to #19 South Carolina 35–21, snapping a 19-game win streak.

Alabama bounced back with a 23–10 win over Ole Miss, and followed that up with a 41–10 victory over Tennessee. After a bye week, Alabama suffered its second loss of the season, losing to #10 LSU, 24–21. The following week, Alabama bounced back at home defeating #17 Mississippi State, 30–10. The following week Alabama defeated Georgia State 63–7, the most points for Alabama since 1979. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama lost to in-state rival (and eventual BCS champions) #2 Auburn 28–27, snapping a 20-game home winning streak. In winning the game, Auburn overcame a 24–0 second quarter Alabama lead, thus marking the largest deficit any team had overcome to defeat the Crimson Tide in its football program's history. Alabama was selected to play in the 2011 Capital One Bowl and in their first-ever meeting, Alabama defeated #7 Michigan State 49–7 in the largest margin of victory in that bowl game's history. The bowl victory brought Alabama to 10–3 on the season and secured Alabama's third consecutive 10-win season.

2011 season
At the start of his fifth season, Alabama came into the season ranked No.2 in the country in the AP Poll and Coaches Poll. In the first game of the season, Alabama defeated Saban's alma mater Kent State 48–7. The next week, Alabama traveled to Penn State for the first time since 1989 and defeated Joe Paterno and #23 Nittany Lions 27–11. Alabama recorded its first shutout of the season by defeating North Texas 41–0. In the conference opener, Alabama defeated #12 Arkansas 38–14. The next week Alabama traveled to The Swamp and defeated the 12th-ranked Florida Gators 38–10. The following week at homecoming, Alabama shut out Vanderbilt, defeating them 34–0. Alabama traveled to Oxford and destroyed Ole Miss 52–7. In week8, Alabama defeated their rival Tennessee 37–6 by scoring 31 unanswered points in the second half. After a bye week, Alabama played host to #1 LSU, losing in overtime 9–6, a Game of the Century matchup between conference teams ranked No.1 and No.2.

Alabama rebounded the next week after struggling in the first half, with a win over Mississippi State 24–7. The next week, Alabama defeated FCS 3rd ranked Georgia Southern 45–21 on Senior Day. This win gave Saban his fourth consecutive 10-win season, tying Bear Bryant from 1977 to 1980. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama defeated Auburn 42–14. On December 4, Alabama was selected to face LSU in the BCS National Championship Game by finishing No.2 in the final BCS rankings, the first time in college football history that two teams from the same conference (much less the same division of the same conference) played each other for the BCS Championship. In the rematch, Alabama defeated the Tigers 21–0 with a dominating defensive performance, improving Saban's record to 3–3 against Les Miles and his former employer, LSU.
The win secured Saban his third BCS Championship, his second with Alabama, and the 14thNational Championship for the Alabama football team. He is the only coach in college football to win three BCS Championships and the first coach since Nebraska's Tom Osborne to win three National Championships.

2012 season
At the start of his sixth season, Alabama came into the season ranked No.2 in both preseason polls for the second consecutive year. Alabama opened the season at Cowboys Stadium against #8 Michigan in the first meeting between the schools since the 2000 Orange Bowl with Alabama winning 41–14. The next week, Alabama moved up to No.1 in both polls, marking the fifth consecutive year the Tide reached the top spot. A few days later, Alabama shut out Western Kentucky 35–0. Alabama opened up conference play the next week by routing Arkansas 52–0 in their sixth consecutive win over the Razorbacks. In week4, Alabama defeated Florida Atlantic 40–7. The next week, the Tide defeated Ole Miss 33–14. Following a bye week, Alabama traveled to Columbia, Missouri for the first time since 1978 and defeated the Missouri Tigers 42–10 in their first meeting as conference opponents. The next week Alabama defeated their rival Tennessee 44–13 for the sixth consecutive year. On homecoming, Alabama beat undefeated #13 Mississippi State 38–7.

In a rematch of the 2012 BCS National Championship Game, Alabama overcame a late deficit with less than a minute remaining to defeat #5 LSU 21–17. The next week, Alabama suffered their first loss of the season to new conference member #15 Texas A&M 29–24. Alabama rebounded the following week recording its third shutout of the season defeating Western Carolina 49–0. The win secured Alabama's fifth consecutive 10-win season, tying the longest streak from 1971 to 1975. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama defeated Auburn 49–0 to secure its third SEC Western Division championship under Saban. It is the second biggest margin of victory in the rivalry's history and first shutout since 2008. It was Alabama's fourth shutout of the season (second time back-to-back) and second year in a row the Tide finish the regular season 11–1. In the SEC Championship, Alabama overcame a late drive by #3 Georgia to defeat the Bulldogs 32–28 winning the schools 23rd conference title. The 2012 title was Alabama's first conference championship since 2009 and Saban's fourth overall. The win also clinched a spot in a BCS bowl game for the fourth time in five years. On December 2, Alabama finished second in the final BCS rankings for the second consecutive season. On January 7, 2013, No.2 Alabama faced #1 Notre Dame in the first meeting between the schools since 1987, defeating the Irish 42–14 in the 2013 BCS National Championship Game. The win gave Alabama their 15th national championship and their third championship in four years. Alabama won back-to-back national titles for the first time since 1978 and 1979. The title was Saban's fourth national championship and his third with the Crimson Tide, tying him with Wallace Wade for second all-time at Alabama.

2013 season
As the 2013 campaign began, Saban's Crimson Tide was ranked No.1 in both the AP and Coaches preseason polls for the first time since 2010. In the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game, Alabama defeated Virginia Tech 35–10 at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. Following a bye week, Alabama traveled to College Station, Texas to pick up its first conference win, defeating #6 Texas A&M, 49–42, in a wild shootout that Alabama had lost the year before. The Crimson Tide went on to defeat Colorado State, which was coached by Alabama's former offensive coordinator Jim McElwain, 31–6. #21 Ole Miss Rebels was next up for Alabama, which shut out the Rebels 25–0 for its tenth straight win in the series. The following week saw Alabama beat Georgia State 45–3. Alabama went on the road and defeated Kentucky 48–7. Alabama defeated Arkansas for the seventh consecutive year and by a score of 52–0 for the second consecutive year. In the Third Saturday in October, The Tide defeated Tennessee 45–10 to win its seventh consecutive game over the Vols. Following their second bye week, Alabama took on #10 LSU and Saban improved his record to 5–3 against the Tigers, as Alabama won 38–17. The Crimson Tide defeated Mississippi State 20–7 in a defensive bout. The win gave Alabama its sixth straight ten-win season, the longest in school history. On Senior day, the Tide knocked off FCS opponent Chattanooga 49–0.

Up next was the Iron Bowl, which was hosted by #4 Auburn in a matchup between top five teams. The game was tied 28–28 with only a single second remaining in regulation, as Alabama and Auburn appeared headed for overtime. Extra time wasn't necessary as Saban decided to attempt a 56-yard field goal instead of either running out the clock or attempting a Hail Mary from Auburn's 39-yard line. The decision proved costly, as the field goal was short but caught nine yards deep in the Auburn end zone by the Tigers' Chris Davis, who returned the failed attempt 109 yards for a touchdown as time expired. The 28–34 loss knocked Alabama out of contention for the SEC Championship and dashed The Tide's hope for a national championship. Alabama finished the regular season 11–1 for the third consecutive year. At the end of the regular season, Alabama finished ranked No.3 in the final BCS rankings and earned an at-large bid to the 2014 Sugar Bowl. Alabama accepted an invitation to play in its third straight BCS bowl game and fifth in Saban's seven seasons at Alabama. In the Sugar Bowl, Alabama lost to #11 Oklahoma 45–31. This was Saban's second bowl loss at Alabama and first since the 2009 Sugar Bowl against Utah. The Tide finished the season at 11–2.

2014 season
Starting in his eighth season, Alabama began the year ranked No.2 in the preseason AP and Coaches Poll for the third time in four years. It was the fifth straight season the Crimson Tide started the year in the top two and the seventh consecutive year in the top five. In the season opener, Alabama improved to 4–0 in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game beating West Virginia 33–23 in the first meeting between the two schools. The Tide won their home opener the next week over Florida Atlantic 41–0 after the game was called in the fourth quarter due to lightning. The following week they defeated Southern Miss 52–12. In their conference opener, Alabama put up 645 yards of offense beating Florida 42–21. Following a bye week Alabama was voted No.1 in the Coaches Poll marking the seventh consecutive season Alabama has reached the top spot. Alabama suffered their first loss of the season losing to #11 Ole Miss 23–17 which ended a 10-game win streak against the Rebels. In Saban's 100thgame with the Tide, Alabama bounced back, narrowly defeating Arkansas 14–13 for its eighth consecutive victory in the series. The next week the Tide dominated #21 Texas A&M shutting them out 59–0 which is the fourth-largest victory in school history. In their annual rivalry with Tennessee, Alabama won their eighth straight over the Vols 34–20. After a second bye week, Alabama traveled to Baton Rouge to play #14 LSU. After a late field goal, Alabama sent the game into overtime defeating the Tigers 20–13. In a matchup of top five teams, Alabama defeated #1 Mississippi State 25–20 marking the first time Alabama has defeated an AP No.1 team at home. Alabama defeated FCS opponent Western Carolina 48–14. The win secured Alabama its seventh consecutive ten-win season. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama avenged their only regular season loss of last season defeating their in-state rival #15 Auburn 55–44, the most points scored in the rivalry's history. The Tide finished the regular season 11–1 for the fourth straight season and won the SEC West. It was Saban's fifth division title at Alabama. In the 2014 SEC Championship Game, Saban won his 5thSEC title (3rdwith Alabama) defeating #14 Missouri 42–13. It was Alabama's 24thSEC championship and first since 2012. Alabama was selected for the College Football Playoff as the No.1 seed and played the No.4 seed Ohio State in the Sugar Bowl, losing 42–35. The loss was Saban's third in Sugar Bowls at Alabama. The Tide finished the season at 12–2.

2015 season
In his ninth season, Saban and Alabama began the year ranked No.3 in the preseason AP and Coaches Poll, marking the eighth straight year the Tide began the season in the topfive. It was their lowest preseason ranking since 2009. In the season opener against #20 Wisconsin, Alabama won, 35–17, in Arlington, Texas. In their home opener, the Tide defeated Middle Tennessee, 37–10. In the conference opener, Alabama lost a back-and-forth struggle to #15 Ole Miss, 43–37. The following week Alabama bounced back with a 34–0 win over Louisiana Monroe. The Tide picked up a conference win dominating #8 Georgia, 38–10. Alabama defeated Arkansas 27–14 for its ninth consecutive win in the series. The following week behind a strong defensive performance, the Tide beat #9 Texas A&M 41–23. In the annual Third Saturday in October meeting, the Tide narrowly defeated Tennessee 19–14 to get its ninth consecutive win in the rivalry. After the bye week, Alabama hosted #2 LSU in a matchup of top-five teams, winning 30–16. The Tide beat #20 Mississippi State, 31–6, for the eighth straight year. Next, Alabama defeated FCS opponent Charleston Southern, 56–6, to secure Saban's eighth consecutive 10-win season. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama defeated in-state rival Auburn, 29–13, to secure the SEC West. The Tide finished the regular season 11–1 for the fifth straight season. In the SEC Championship, Saban secured his sixth conference title when the Tide defeated #18 Florida 29–15. It was Alabama's 25th conference championship, second consecutive title and third in four years. Alabama for the second straight year was selected to the College Football Playoff and represented as the #2 seed. On December 12, running back Derrick Henry became Saban's second player to win the Heisman Trophy. In the College Football Playoff semifinal at the Cotton Bowl, Alabama shut out the #3 seed Michigan State, 38–0. The win was Alabama's first in the College Football Playoff and marked Alabama's first appearance in a national championship game since the 2012 season. Alabama went on to defeat unbeaten #1 Clemson, 45–40, to win the College Football Playoff National Championship. The victory marked Alabama's 16th national title and fourth in seven seasons. It was Saban's fifth national title and fourth at Alabama. The Tide finished the season at 14–1.

2016 season
Alabama started Saban's tenth season ranked #1 in the AP and Coaches Poll. 2016 was the ninth consecutive year Alabama was #1 at some point in the season. In their first meeting since the 1985 Aloha Bowl, Alabama dominated traditional power #20 USC, 52–6, in the Advocare Classic at Arlington, Texas. In their home opener, the Tide took down Western Kentucky, 38–10. In the conference opener, Alabama avenged their last two regular-season losses, defeating #19 Ole Miss 48–43. The next week Saban took on his alma mater Kent State with a 48–0 shutout. On homecoming, Alabama defeated Kentucky 34–6. The next week Saban picked up his 10th consecutive victory over Arkansas, winning 49–30. In the annual Third Saturday in October, Alabama dominated #9 Tennessee 49–10, to win its tenth in a row over the Vols. In their second straight game versus a top-10 opponent, Alabama defeated #6 Texas A&M 33–14. After a bye week, the Tide went to Baton Rouge to face #15 LSU. In a defensive slugfest, Alabama shut out the Tigers 10–0. The win was also Alabama's sixth in a row over LSU and the first shutout over them since the 2012 BCS National Championship Game. The following week Alabama defeated Mississippi State 51–3. The win gave Saban his ninth consecutive season winning 10 or more games. With a win by Georgia over #9 Auburn, the Tide secured their third consecutive SEC West Division championship, seventh for Saban at Alabama, and tenth overall for his career. The next week the Tide defeated FCS opponent Chattanooga 31–3. In the Iron Bowl, Saban secured an undefeated regular season by defeating in-state rival #16 Auburn 30–12. This was Alabama's third straight win over the Tigers, the first time since 1990–1992. Alabama finished its regular season 12–0 for the third time in Saban's career at Alabama and first since 2009. In the SEC Championship, Alabama defeated #15 Florida in a rematch of the previous season's title game, 54–16. The win gave Alabama its 26th SEC title, 5th for Saban at Alabama and 7th overall for his career. This was Alabama's third straight conference championship, the first time it had won three straight SEC titles since 1977–1979, and its first three-peat since the SEC Championship Game was added in 1992. Alabama made the College Football Playoff for the third consecutive year and came in as the #1 seed for the second time. The Tide was selected to play in the Peach Bowl against the #4 seed Washington Huskies. In the first meeting with the Huskies since the 1986 Sun Bowl, Alabama won 24–7. In a rematch of the previous season's National Championship game, Alabama fell short to #2 Clemson 35–31 when the Tigers scored on a game-winning touchdown pass with one second left on the clock. Alabama failed to recover Clemson's onside kick and time ran out. The loss snapped Alabama's 26-game winning streak and was Saban's first loss in a title game. The Tide finished the season at 14–1.

2017 season

In Saban's 11th season, Alabama started the season #1 in both the AP and Coaches Poll for the second consecutive year. This was the tenth season in a row that Alabama was #1 at some point during the season and fourth time to start the season under Saban. In the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game in a matchup of top-three teams, Alabama beat #3 Florida State 24–7. Alabama improved to 5–0 in Chick-fil-A games and Saban improved to 11–0 against former assistant coaches. In the home opener, the Tide defeated Fresno State 41–10. The next week Alabama defeated Colorado State 41–23. In the conference opener, the Tide dominated Vanderbilt 59–0. The following week, Alabama manhandled Ole Miss 66–3, the most points in a game since 1979. The next week, Alabama went on the road and defeated Texas A&M 27–19. The next week, the Tide defeated Arkansas 41–9 for the 11th win in a row in the series. In the annual Third Saturday in October, the Tide defeated Tennessee 45–7. The win was the 11th consecutive victory over the Vols, tying the record set back from 1971 to 1981. Following the bye week, Alabama won its seventh consecutive game over rival #19 LSU 24–10. Alabama then traveled to Starkville and escaped with a 31–24 win over #18 Mississippi State. The win secured Saban's tenth consecutive season with ten or more wins. On Senior Day, Alabama dominated FCS opponent Mercer 56–0. The win gave Saban's senior class its 51st win, tying the NCAA record. In the Iron Bowl, the Tide suffered its first loss of the season to in-state rival #6 Auburn 26–14. They finished the regular season 11–1. On December 3, Alabama was selected to the College Football Playoff for the fourth consecutive year, becoming the first team to be selected for the playoffs after finishing second in the SEC Western division and not having a chance to play for an SEC Championship. They were chosen as the #4 seed and played the #1 seed Clemson Tigers at the Sugar Bowl. In the rematch of the previous two National Championship games, Alabama avenged the previous season's only loss, to Clemson, winning 24–6. The win gave Saban his first Sugar Bowl victory as Alabama's coach, ending a three-game losing streak in the bowl. The win secured Saban his third consecutive appearance in the College Football Playoff Championship Game. It also gave Saban's Senior class an NCAA-record 52nd win. Alabama took on the #3 seed Georgia Bulldogs in the second National Championship game between SEC schools. In overtime, backup quarterback Tua Tagovailoa threw the game-winning touchdown pass to DeVonta Smith for a 26–23 victory. This was Alabama's 17th National Championship and fifth title in nine seasons. Saban tied Coach Bear Bryant with six National Championships for most all time in the poll era. The Tide finished the season 13–1.

2018 season
In this twelfth season, Alabama started the season ranked #1 in the AP and coaches poll for the third consecutive year. In the Camping World Kickoff in Orlando, Florida, the Tide defeated Louisville 51–14. In the home opener, the Tide dominated Arkansas State 57–7. In their conference opener against Ole Miss, the Crimson Tide won 62–7. The Tide defeated Jimbo Fisher and #22 Texas A&M 45–23. The following week, Alabama beat Louisiana 56–14. Alabama then went to Fayetteville and defeated Arkansas 65–31 for its 12th consecutive victory over the Hogs. On homecoming, the Tide defeated Missouri 39–10. In the Third Saturday in October, Alabama defeated rival Tennessee 58–21. It was the longest winning streak against the Vols with 12 wins and most points scored against them. After the bye week, Alabama traveled to Baton Rouge to take on #4 LSU in a matchup between two top-four ranked teams. The Tide shutout the Tigers 29–0, securing its seventh straight division title. The win was Saban's eighth consecutive victory over LSU. The win gave Alabama their 900th win in program history. The Tide shutout #18 Mississippi State 24–0, the second consecutive shutout of a conference opponent for first time since 1980. The win secured Saban his 11th straight 10-win season. The Tide defeated FCS opponent The Citadel 50–17. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama avenged the previous season's only loss, to rival Auburn, defeating the Tigers 52–21. The win secured Saban's fourth undefeated regular season. In the SEC Championship, Alabama, behind backup quarterback Jalen Hurts, overcame a 14-point deficit to defeat #4 Georgia 35–28. The win gave Alabama its 27th SEC Championship. It was Saban's eighth conference title, sixth with Alabama. The win also gave Saban's senior class its 54th win, breaking the previous year's NCAA record for most wins. The following day, Alabama was selected for the College Football Playoff for the fifth year in a row. They were selected as the #1 seed for the third time and played the #4 seed Oklahoma at the Orange Bowl. In the first meeting since the 2014 Sugar Bowl, the Tide ended a three-game losing streak to Oklahoma, winning 45–34. It was Alabama's first Orange Bowl win since 1966. The Tide advanced to the National Championship game for the fourth consecutive year and played the #2 seed Clemson Tigers. In the third title game in four years against Clemson, Saban suffered his worst loss at Alabama, losing 44–16. Saban fell to 2–2 in CFP championship games. The Tide finished the season 14–1.

2019 season
To start Saban's thirteenth season, Alabama began the year ranked #2 in the AP and coaches poll. In the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game, Alabama defeated Duke 42–3. In the home opener, the Tide rolled New Mexico State 62–10. In their conference opener, Alabama traveled to Columbia, SC and defeated South Carolina 47–23. In their next game, Alabama defeated Southern Miss 49–7. Alabama, back in conference play, defeated Ole Miss 59–31. The next day, Alabama moved to #1 in the AP and Coaches poll. It was the twelfth year in a row Alabama was ranked at the top spot at some point during a season. Following a bye week, Alabama traveled to College Station, TX and defeated #24 Texas A&M 47–28. In the Third Saturday in October, the Tide picked up its 13th win a row over Tennessee 35–13. On homecoming, Alabama got its 13th consecutive win over Arkansas 48–7. After a second bye week, Alabama took on #2 LSU in a matchup of top-3 teams for the second consecutive year. LSU handed Saban his first loss of the season, 46–41, snapping an eight-game winning streak against the Tigers. It also snapped Alabama's 31-home-game winning streak. The next week, Alabama defeated Mississippi State 38–7. On Senior day, the Tide dominated Western Carolina 66–3, securing Saban's 12th consecutive 10 win season. In the Iron Bowl, Saban suffered his second loss of the season to rival #15 Auburn 48–45. It's the first time Saban has lost two games in the regular season since 2010 and didn't qualify for the College Football Playoff for the first time. Alabama finished the regular season at 10–2 and ranked thirteenth in the final College Football Playoff rankings. They were selected to face Jim Harbaugh and #14 Michigan in the Citrus Bowl. In the first meeting since 2012, The Tide won 35–16. The Tide finished the season 11–2.

2020 season
In his 14th season, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, Alabama's season was cut to an all conference, ten-game season beginning on September 26. Alabama began the season ranked #3 in the AP and Coaches Poll. In the season opener, Alabama went on the road and defeated Missouri 38–19. In the home opener, Alabama defeated #13 Texas A&M 52–24. The following week Saban took on former assistant Lane Kiffin. In a shootout, Alabama defeated Ole Miss 63–48. The 111 points scored was the most in a non-overtime conference game in SEC history. On October 14, 2020, Saban tested positive for COVID-19, along with the university athletic director, Greg Byrne. That Saturday, Saban tested negative and was able to coach Alabama in a top 3 matchup against #3 Georgia. The Tide prevailed 41–24 to improve to 22–0 versus former assistants. In the Third Saturday in October, Alabama won its 14th straight over rival Tennessee 48–17. The next week, the Tide shutout Mississippi State 41–0. Following the bye week, Alabama moved up to #1 in the polls. It's the thirteenth year in a row Alabama has reached the top spot during a season. After an extra week off due to COVID-19, Alabama returned to play defeating Kentucky 63–3. On November 25, Saban returned a positive COVID-19 test. He missed the following game against #22 Auburn in the Iron Bowl, which Alabama won 42–13. The next week, Saban was back on the sideline, as Alabama routed LSU 55–17. The win secured Alabama the SEC West division title, its 15th overall and Saban's 13th as a coach. Alabama finished the regular season undefeated after defeating Arkansas 52–3. It was Saban's fifth undefeated regular season at Alabama. It marks Alabama's 13th consecutive ten-win season as well. In the SEC Championship, Alabama hung on in a high scoring game against #7 Florida 52–46. The win secured Alabama its 28th SEC title and gave Saban his ninth overall. The following day, Alabama was selected for the College Football Playoff for the sixth time in seven years. Alabama was selected as the #1 seed and played the #4 seed Notre Dame in the Rose Bowl. In the first meeting since the 2013 BCS National Championship Game, the Tide defeated the Irish 31–14. It was Alabama's first appearance and win in the Rose Bowl since 1946. On January 5, 2021, DeVonta Smith became Saban's third Heisman Trophy winner. Mac Jones and Najee Harris finished third and fifth respectively in voting. Alabama became the second program to have three players finish in the top five in Heisman voting, joining Army's 1946 team. In the 2021 College Football Playoff National Championship, Alabama defeated #3 Ohio State 52–24 to win its 18th National Championship. The win gave Saban his seventh overall National Title, and sixth with the Crimson Tide. Saban passed Paul W. Bryant for most titles all time. It was Saban's second undefeated season and first since 2009. The Tide finished the season 13–0.

2021 season
On June 7, 2021, Saban agreed to a contract extension with Alabama. The deal runs through the 2028 season.

In his 15th season, Alabama started the season #1 in the preseason AP and Coaches poll, marking the 14th consecutive season the Tide have had the #1 ranking. It's the sixth time Alabama has started the season No. 1 under Saban. In the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game, Alabama defeated #14 Miami (FL) 44–13 in their first meeting since the 1993 Sugar Bowl. In the home opener, the Tide defeated Mercer 48–14. The following week, Alabama traveled to Gainesville to take on #11 Florida. In the conference opener, The Tide won a close game 31–29. The next week, Alabama defeated Southern Miss 63–14. In the following game, Alabama took on #12 Ole Miss and won 42–21. Alabama traveled to College Station, Texas to play Texas A&M in the next game. In a back and forth game, the Aggies kicked a last second 28-yard field goal to upset the Tide 41–38. The loss snapped a 19-game win streak, an eight-game win streak against the Aggies, and a 100-game win streak against unranked opponents dating back to 2007. The next week, Alabama bounced back defeating Mississippi State 49–9. In the Third Saturday in October, Alabama defeated Tennessee 52–24 for its 15th consecutive win in the series. Following the bye week, Alabama won a close game against LSU 20–14. Alabama wrapped up non-conference play against New Mexico State winning 59–3. On Senior day, Alabama won another close game over #21 Arkansas 42–35. The win secured Saban his ninth SEC West title at Alabama. The win gave him his 14th consecutive 10-win season, tying Bobby Bowden for most all time. In the Iron Bowl, Alabama played Auburn in the first overtime game in the rivalry's history, winning 24–22 in four overtimes. The Tide finished the regular season 11–1. In the SEC Championship, Alabama took on #1 Georgia winning 41–24. The victory marked Saban's eighth SEC title with Alabama, and the Tide's 29th SEC championship. The following day, Alabama was selected to the College Football Playoff for the seventh time in eight seasons. They were chosen as the #1 seed and played the #4 seed Cincinnati in the first meeting between the schools since 1990. On December 11, Bryce Young became Saban's fourth Heisman Trophy winner. The win ties him with Frank Leahy for most Heisman winners. In the Cotton Bowl Classic, Alabama defeated Cincinnati 27–6. The win secured Saban's ninth title game appearance in 13 seasons. The Tide played #3 Georgia in a rematch of the SEC Championship in the third All-SEC National title game. In the CFP National Championship, Saban suffered his third title game loss, losing 33–18. The Tide finished the season 13–2.

2022 season

In his 16th season, Alabama started the year ranked #1 in the preseason AP and Coaches Poll. 2022 marked the 15th consecutive season the Tide have been #1 at some point of the year. In the season opener, Alabama shutout Utah State 55–0. Alabama traveled to Austin, Texas for the first time since 1922 to play Texas. In the first meeting since the 2010 BCS National Championship Game, Alabama overcame a late deficit to win 20–19. The following week, Alabama defeated Louisiana Monroe 63–7. Alabama opened up conference play with a 55–3 win over Vanderbilt. The next week, the Tide traveled to Fayetteville and defeated #20 Arkansas 49–26. In the following game, the Tide defeated Texas A&M 24–20, avenging last season's only regular season loss. In the Third Saturday in October, Saban suffered his first loss as Alabama coach against #6 Tennessee, losing 52–49 on a last second field goal at Neyland Stadium in Knoxville. The loss snapped Alabama's longest winning streak against the Vols at fifteen. On homecoming, the Tide bounced back defeating #24 Mississippi State 30–6. Following a bye week, Alabama traveled to Baton Rouge in a top ten matchup against #10 LSU. Saban suffered his second loss of the season, losing 32–31 in overtime. Alabama bounced back with a close win over #11 Ole Miss 30–24. The next week, Alabama shutout Austin Peay 34–0. In the Iron Bowl, the Tide defeated Auburn 49–27. The win secured Saban his fifteenth consecutive ten-win season, a new NCAA record. Alabama finished the regular season 10-2 and was selected to play #9 Kansas State in the Sugar Bowl. In the first meeting between the two schools, Alabama won 45–20. The Tide finished the season 11–2.

2023 season
In Saban's 17th season, Alabama started the year ranked #4 in the preseason AP poll and #3 in the coaches poll. In the season opener, Alabama defeated Middle Tennessee 56–7. The following week, the Tide hosted #11 Texas in the Allstate Crossbar Classic losing 34–24. The loss snapped a 57-game winning streak against non conference opponents in the regular season. The next week Alabama travelled to Tampa, FL to play South Florida. The Tide struggled but won 17–3. Alabama opened up conference play with a 24–10 win over #15 Ole Miss. The next week they defeated Mississippi State 40–17 for its sixteenth consecutive win in the series. Alabama then traveled to College Station, TX winning a close game over Texas A&M 26–20. On homecoming, Alabama won a close game over Arkansas 24–21. The win gave Saban his 200th on field win at Alabama. In the Third Saturday in October, Alabama avenged last season's loss against #17 Tennessee winning 34–20.

Personal life
Saban is a devout Catholic who attends Mass before games. The Sabans attend St. Francis of Assisi University Parish in Tuscaloosa. St. Francis' parish priest, Father Gerald Holloway, served as a chaplain for the football team before he was transferred.

Saban is of Croatian heritage. Bill Belichick and Saban are good friends. When Belichick spoke about their relationship, he said: "Two successful Croats in the same division of NFL. You must admit, you don't see that every day."

Saban shares his last name with another famous football coach, Lou Saban. They were called "distant cousins" in a 2005 article where Lou comments on the younger Saban's success. Upon the death of Lou Saban, his widow Joyce Saban said the two men might have been second cousins, but their families say they are not related.

Saban made a cameo appearance as himself in the 2009 film The Blind Side, and requested to simply repeat a conversation he had with Michael Oher rather than follow the script, which director John Lee Hancock allowed him to do. In August 2010, the documentary Nick Saban: Gamechanger was released. Included in the film are interviews from Belichick and Alabama athletic director Mal Moore, among others.

Saban and his wife Terry have been married for over 45 years. They have two adopted children: Nicholas and Kristen. The Sabans are the co-founders of the foundation Nick's Kids. This foundation has been used by the Sabans to help support children's needs ever since Saban started head coaching. In the first three years at Alabama, Nick's Kids raised more than . Saban owns a vacation home on Lake Burton in northeast Georgia.

Outside of football, Saban keeps in touch with his players, taking a mentor role to his former players. Saban not only speaks with NFL players, but former athletes that have moved on past football, such as Eryk Anders, linebacker turned pro fighter in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.

In 2022, Saban co-signed a letter directed at Senator Joe Manchin, voicing support for the passage of the Freedom to Vote Act, while including a footnote that he does not support the removal of the filibuster in the Senate. Saban and Manchin grew up together in West Virginia, and Saban had previously endorsed Manchin for Senate in 2018.

Coaching tree
Saban is from the Don James coaching tree. After Saban finished his degree at Kent State in 1972, James convinced him to join the Kent State coaching staff as a graduate assistant. Saban's coaching career encompasses the Bill Belichick coaching tree, having worked as his defensive coordinator during Belichick's tenure as head coach of the Cleveland Browns. Saban worked with Belichick's father, Steve, while on the staff together at Navy in 1982.

Head coaching tree under Saban:
 L. C. Cole: Tennessee State (1996–1999), Alabama State (2000–2002), Stillman (2009–2010)
 Dean Pees: Kent State (1998–2003)
 Bobby Williams: Michigan State (2000–2002)
 Tom Amstutz: Toledo (2001–2008)
 Mark Dantonio: Cincinnati (2004–2006), Michigan State (2007–2019)
 Brad Salem: Augustana (SD) (2005–2009)
 Scott Linehan: St. Louis Rams (2006–2008)
 Derek Dooley: Louisiana Tech (2007–2009), Tennessee (2010–2012)
 Greg Colby:Millersville (2008–2012)
 Josh McDaniels: Denver Broncos (2009–2010), Las Vegas Raiders (2022–present)
 Mike Haywood: Miami (OH) (2009–2010), Texas Southern (2016–2018)
 Jimbo Fisher: Florida State (2010–2017), Texas A&M (2018–present)
 Jason Garrett: Dallas Cowboys (2011–2019)
 Curt Cignetti: IUP (2011–2016), Elon (2017–2018), James Madison (2019–present)
 Pat Shurmur: Cleveland Browns (2011–2012), New York Giants (2018–2019)
 Will Muschamp: Florida (2011–2014), South Carolina (2016–2020)
 Mike Mularkey: Jacksonville Jaguars (2012), Tennessee Titans (2016–2017)
 Jim McElwain: Colorado State (2012–2014), Florida (2015–2017), Central Michigan (2019–present)
 Brian Polian: Nevada (2013–2016)
 Dan Quinn: Atlanta Falcons (2015–2020)
 Adam Gase: Miami Dolphins (2016–2018), New York Jets (2019–2020)
 Kirby Smart: Georgia (2016–present)
 Major Applewhite: Houston (2016–2018)
 Geoff Collins: Temple (2017–2018), Georgia Tech (2019–2022)
 Mario Cristobal: Oregon (2017–2021), Miami (2022–present)
 Lane Kiffin: FAU (2017–2019), Ole Miss (2020–present)
 Jeremy Pruitt: Tennessee (2018–2020)
 Billy Napier: Louisiana (2018–2021), Florida (2022–present)
 Mike Locksley: Maryland (2019–present)
 Mel Tucker: Colorado (2019), Michigan State (2020–present)
 Freddie Kitchens: Cleveland Browns (2019)
 Joe Judge: New York Giants (2020–2021)
 Butch Jones: Arkansas State (2021–present)
 Steve Sarkisian: Texas (2021–present)
 Charles Huff: Marshall (2021–present)
 Dan Lanning: Oregon (2022–present)
 Ron Cooper: LIU (2022–present)
 Brian Daboll: New York Giants (2022–present)
 Brent Key: Georgia Tech (2023–present)
 Lance Taylor: Western Michigan (2023–present)

Players under Saban that became head coaches:
 Herb Haygood: Madonna (2020–present)
 Matt Eberflus: Chicago Bears (2022–present)

Head coaching record

College

NFL

See also
 List of college football coaches with 200 wins

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Coaching statistics at Sports-Reference.com
 Alabama Crimson Tide bio

1951 births
Living people
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
American football defensive backs
American people of Croatian descent
Catholics from West Virginia
Cleveland Browns coaches
Coaches of American football from West Virginia
Houston Oilers coaches
Kent State Golden Flashes football coaches
Kent State Golden Flashes football players
LSU Tigers football coaches
Miami Dolphins head coaches
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
Navy Midshipmen football coaches
Ohio State Buckeyes football coaches
Players of American football from West Virginia
Sportspeople from Fairmont, West Virginia
Syracuse Orange football coaches
Toledo Rockets football coaches
West Virginia Mountaineers football coaches

Nick Saban


Brisbane Water National Park is a national park in the east of the Australian state of New South Wales, 47 kilometres northeast of Sydney. It lies north of the mouth of the Hawkesbury River and was named after the Brisbane Water lagoon between Gosford and Woy Woy, which borders the park to the east. The western and northern borders are formed by the Pacific Highway.

The park consists of steep sandstone cliffs overgrown with forest.

There are many hiking trails in the park that can be classified from easy to difficult. One route that is easily accessible by public transport is to Pindar Cave on the rock step above Wondabyne Station, a on-demand stop on the Central Coast Railway Line (Sydney-Newcastle) which is also the only train station in Australia inaccessible by road. This large park is also home to many other hiking trails such as the Great North Walk.

References

Other websites
 Brisbane Water National Park . NSW Department of Environment, Climate Change & Water Brisbane Water National Park

National parks in Australia

Brisbane Water National Park


The Hatteras Weather Bureau Station is a wood-frame building in Hatteras, North Carolina built in 1901 for what was then called the U.S. Weather Bureau.  The then-remote location on the Outer Banks of North Carolina provided data on conditions in the Atlantic Ocean from a fixed location that was farther into the ocean environment than any on the Atlantic coast. The building served as a weather station from 1902 to 1946, when it was converted to living quarters for Weather Bureau personnel. In 1952 the property was turned over to the U.S. Coast Guard, which used it until 1958, when it was transferred to the National Park Service for use by Cape Hatteras National Seashore. From 1958 to 1976 the building was used as a research station, first by Duke University and later by North Carolina State University for investigations concerning marine invertebrates.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

References

Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Buildings and structures in Dare County, North Carolina
Government buildings completed in 1901
National Weather Service
Meteorological stations
Cape Hatteras National Seashore
National Register of Historic Places in Dare County, North Carolina

Hatteras Weather Bureau Station


Ferdinand Monoyer (9 May 1836 – 11 July 1912) was a French ophthalmologist, known for introducing the dioptre in 1872.

He invented the Monoyer chart, used to test visual acuity. He inserted his name in the random letters of the chart. It appears when one reads vertically from bottom to top on each side.

Biography
Monoyer was of Alsatian heritage by his mother and his father was a French military doctor.

He was an associate professor of medical physics at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg in 1871. Later, he was the director of the Ophthalmic Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine, Nancy-Université from 1872 to 1877. He was also professor of medical physics at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, from 1877 to 1909.

Death
Monoyer died at the age of 76 years. His tomb is located in the Cimetière de la Guillotière in Lyon. On Saturday 13 July 1912, a long procession of friends and members of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Lyon accompanied Professor Monoyer to his final resting place; Professor Hugounenq traced Monoyer's career as chair at the University of Lyon, Associate Professor Nogier spoke on behalf of the students of the late master and Louis Dor made a speech on behalf of the Ophthalmological Society of Lyon.

The speech made in Monoyer's honour by the president of Société nationale de Médecine de Lyon during 11 November 1912 session of the Société was concluded as such: "To the memory of this scholar, the Medical Society bows with respect and sadness; it has lost a friend who was also her counselor who knew to think and to reflect."

References

French ophthalmologists
1836 births
1912 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Strasbourg
Academic staff of Nancy-Université
Academic staff of the University of Lyon

Ferdinand Monoyer


Charles Robert "Charlie" Rappolt (23 August 1939 – 2 August 1999) was an Australian politician.  A member of Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party, Rappolt spent five turbulent months in the Parliament of Queensland in 1998.

A native of Cairns, Rappolt held a variety of jobs before he entered politics.  He served in the Citizens' Military Force from 1957 until 1961.  In 1961 he began working as an agent for his brother, described by One Nation leader Bill Feldman as a musician "of some renown".  From 1974 to 1978 he ran his own building company, and was a licensed environmental auditor in Queensland and Victoria.   During his time as an environmental auditor, Rappolt became interested in mining, and he soon became a mine manager, prospector and financier.  He was also a commercial pilot, flying aeroplanes and helicopters for a time.  Another interest of Rappolt's was soccer, and he volunteered as a coach and referee at junior level.

On 13 June 1998, Rappolt was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, running on the One Nation ticket for the Cairns-area seat of Mulgrave.  His parliamentary career lasted a little over four months, and he suffered constant media attacks after the revelation that his partner, Sandra Higgins, had taken out a domestic violence order against him.  On 4 November, Rappolt resigned, citing the combined pressures of political life, ill health, and the Queensland press.  The resulting by-election was won by Labor candidate Warren Pitt, who had earlier held the then-marginal seat from 1989 until 1995.  Pitt's victory gave Labor a majority in its own right; indeed, Mulgrave was one of seven seats that would have gone to Labor in the 1998 election if not for leakage of Coalition preferences.

Less than a week after his resignation, Rappolt attempted suicide and was hospitalised with severe depression.  After his recovery he sought A$295 000 in damages from the Queensland government, arguing that his stint in Parliament had left him a psychotic manic depressive. He moved to New Zealand in 1999, in an attempt to flee the pressure of public life in Queensland.  He was found dead in his home in Auckland, on 2 August 1999, apparently after having hanged himself. At a condolence motion in the Queensland Assembly, One Nation leader Bill Feldman launched a blistering attack on the Courier Mail, claiming that the newspaper was responsible for Rappolt's suicide attempts.

Rappolt was survived by his partner Sandra Higgins, and three children.

References

 Queensland Legislative Assembly HANSARD, 17 August 1999, "Deaths of Mr C. R. Rappolt and Mr R. B. J. Pilbeam" (available online (PDF))
 Mulgrave, North Queensland, ABC 2004 election coverage.  Accessed 2006-01-24.
Newspapers:
 "Depression drives former One Nation MP to suicide", Kevin Meade Christopher Dore and Stefanie Balogh, The Australian, 1999-08-05.
 "The man killed by politics - Suicide of former One Nation MP", The Daily Telegraph, 1999-08-05.
 "Problems Preceded Death Of An Ex-MP", Greg Roberts, Sydney Morning Herald, 1999-08-05.
 "Pollies face untold pressures says long serving member", Australian Associated Press, 1999-08-05.
 "Rappolt not prepared for politics - Beattie", Selina Day, Australian Associated Press, 1999-08-17.
 "One Nation leader hits out at paper over reports", Martin Thomas, Courier Mail 1999-08-18.
 "Voters failed by rebel politicians", Courier Mail, 1999-12-27.
 "Gloves firmly on for tough fight in north", Robert Reid, Courier Mail, 2001-02-13.

1939 births
1999 deaths
Australian politicians who committed suicide
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
One Nation members of the Parliament of Queensland
People from Cairns
Suicides by hanging in New Zealand
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
20th-century Australian politicians
Commercial aviators

Charles Rappolt


The People's Revolutionary Party Incidents were legal cases in which the South Korean government accused individuals of socialist or left inclinations according to the Anti-communism Law in 1965 (the First Incident) and National Security Law in 1975 (the Second Incident).

On December 27, 2005, the appeal to this case was accepted and on January 23, 2007 the District Court of Central Seoul found the defendants not guilty in regards to the accused violations of the Emergency Presidential Acts, National Security Act, preparation and conspiracy of civil war, and the Anti-communism law.

The first incident
The first incident occurred on August 14, 1965. The Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) claimed Do Ye-jong (도예종, 都禮鐘), Yang Choon-woo (양춘우, 楊春遇), Park Hyun-chae (박현채) and ten other individuals organized the People's Revolutionary Party.  According to the National Intelligence Service (successor to the KCIA in 1981), this was "an organization attempting to overthrow the Republic of Korea according to North Korean programs"  that "tried to recruit more people from various backgrounds to expand the party structure."  Do, Yang and Park and other six were sentenced to six years imprisonment, while the others were sentenced to a year of imprisonment and three years probation.

The second incident
The second incident, also known as the "Committee for Re-establishment of the People's Revolutionary Party (PRP) Incident" (in Korean: 인민혁명당 재건위원회 사건) in South Korea, took place on April 9, 1975. In December 1972, the Park Chung-Hee government launched the "Yushin-system": an anti-constitutional system in favor of Park's autocracy named after the Meiji Restoration of Japan. Also, the abduction of Kim Dae-jung, a leading politician of the opposing party added to the anger of South Korean people caused by the Yushin system. From October 1973, demonstrations against the Park government gained strength.

Meanwhile, on April 3, 1974, President Park announced the existence of an extreme socialist group: the "People's Revolutionary Party", and prohibited all activities related to the party.

As demonstrations increased against the dictatorship of Park Chung-hee, the KCIA arrested 1024 individuals without warrant, including Do Yejong on April 25, 1974 under the National Security Law. 253 of them were imprisoned. On April 9, 1975, the Supreme Court of South Korea sentenced to death Do Yejong, Yeo Jeongnam, Kim Yongwon, Lee Subyeong, Ha Jaewan, Seo Dowon, Song Sangjin, and Woo Hongseon. Only 18 hours after the announcement of the death penalty, the government executed the eight individuals:

Revision
In 2002, an investigatory commission found the charges pressed against those individuals were false. Confessions were obtained using methods such as torture and coercion. It is now widely evidenced that such a "People's Revolutionary Party" never existed in reality, and that it was fabricated by the KCIA.

See also
Third Republic of South Korea
Fourth Republic of South Korea
South Korean National Liberation Front Preparation Committee

References
In Seoul, marking a somber anniversary of executions from International Herald Tribune
Executions Still Smart 30 Years After from Chosun Ilbo

1965 in South Korea
1975 in South Korea
Anti-communism in South Korea
Far-right politics in South Korea
Fourth Republic of Korea
History of South Korea
Korean Central Intelligence Agency

People's Revolutionary Party Incident


Eurypygiformes  is an order formed by the kagus, comprising two species in the family Rhynochetidae endemic to New Caledonia, and the sunbittern (Eurypyga helias) from the tropical regions of the Americas.  Its closest relatives appear to be the tropicbirds of the tropical Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans.

Classification
The affinities of Eurypygiformes are not very well resolved. The group consists of two families from a Gondwanan lineage of birds.  Based on some morphological characteristics, they were initially classed as members of the family Ardeidae, and later the Gruiformes. According to Jarvis, et al.'s 2014 "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds", the group is distantly related to the Phaethontiformes.
When seen as a gruiform, the kagu is generally considered related to the extinct adzebills from New Zealand and the sunbittern from Central and South America. Recent studies do indicate that the sunbittern is the closest living relative of the kagu. For example, Fain & Houde found these to be certainly sister taxa and Furo et al. indicated a close phylogenetic relationship between them by cytotaxonomy; they suggest that their common ancestor was separated by the Gondwana vicariance in South America and New Caledonia, respectively. They and the mesites did not group with traditional Gruiformes in their study, but instead with their proposed clade Metaves, which also includes the hoatzin, pigeons, Caprimulgiformes, flamingos, tropicbirds, Apodiformes, sandgrouse and grebes. The internal structure of this group was not well resolvable by their data, and contains numerous groupings not otherwise corroborated (such as Caprimulgidae and flamingos). The usefulness and monophyly of "Metaves" is therefore unclear. Notwithstanding, the kagu and sunbittern – and possibly the adzebills – seem to form a distinct Gondwanan lineage of birds, possibly one order, possibly more, even though the relationships between them, the mesites, and the "core Gruiformes" are not yet resolved. It is notable, however, that the sunbittern and the mesites possess powder down, whereas the "core Gruiformes" do not.

While the kagu is the only living species in the family Rhynochetidae, a larger species, the lowland kagu (Rhynochetos orarius), has been described from late Holocene subfossil remains. The body measurements of this species were 15% greater than Rhynochetos jubatus, with no overlap in measurements except those of the wings. Given that the sites where R. orarius has been found are all lowland sites, and that no fossils of R. jubatus were found in these sites, the scientists who described the fossils suggested they represented highland and lowland species, respectively. R. orarius is one of many species to have become extinct in New Caledonia after the arrival of humans. The validity of the species has been questioned by some authors, but accepted by others.

Fossil Messelornithidae once included in Eurypygiformes are now considered the oldest known members of Ralloidea (Gruiformes).

Species by global population

References

Neognathae
Bird orders

Eurypygiformes


William, Will, Bill, or Billy Davies may refer to:

Sportspeople
William Davies (English cricketer) (fl. 1844)
William Davies (cricketer, born 1825) (1825–1868), English cricketer and clergyman
William Davies (footballer, born 1855) (1855–1916), Oswestry F.C. and Wales international footballer
William Davies (sport shooter) (1881–1942), Canadian Olympic sports shooter
William Davies (footballer, born 1882) (1882–1966), Wrexham F.C., Blackburn Rovers F.C. and Wales international footballer
Bill L. Davies (1883–1959), Australian rules footballer
Billy Davies (Welsh footballer) (1883–1960), Crystal Palace F.C., West Bromwich Albion F.C. and Wales international footballer
William Davies (footballer, born 1873) (1873–1929), English footballer for Bolton Wanderers
William Davies (footballer, born 1884) (1884–1954), footballer for Stoke
William Davies (rugby) (1890–1967), Welsh rugby union and rugby league footballer of the 1910s and 1920s
Bill Davies (golfer) (1892–1967), English Ryder Cup golfer
Will Davies (rugby) (fl. 1910s), rugby league footballer for Great Britain, Wales and Halifax
Willie Davies (footballer) (1900–1953), Swansea Town F.C., Cardiff City F.C., Notts County F.C.,Tottenham Hotspur F.C. and Wales international footballer
Bill Davies (cricketer, born 1901) (1901–?), Welsh cricketer
Will Davies (rugby union) (1906–1975), Wales international rugby union player
Bill Davies (cricketer, born 1906) (1906–1971), Welsh cricketer
Taffy Davies (William Davies, 1910–1995), Welsh footballer with Watford
Billy Davies (Welsh rugby) (William H. J. Davies, fl. 1930s), rugby union and rugby league footballer
Bill Davies (Canadian football) (1916–1990), Canadian football player
Willie Davies (1916–2002), Welsh dual-code rugby footballer
Bill Davies (rugby league) (fl. 1940s), rugby league footballer for Wales, and Huddersfield
Bill Davies (footballer) (1930–2003), Australian footballer
William Davies (wrestler) (1931–2020), Australian Olympic wrestler
Billy Davies (cricketer, born 1936), Welsh former cricketer
Tony Davies (William Anthony Davies, 1939–2008), New Zealand rugby union footballer
Billy Davies (rugby league, born 1948) (William Davies), English rugby league footballer
Dai Davies (footballer, born 1948) (William David Davies, 1948–2021), Welsh goalkeeper
Billy Davies (born 1964), Scottish footballer and manager
William Davies (cricketer, born 1972), English cricketer

Politicians
William Davies (Georgia judge) (1775–1829), Georgia-based politician and lawyer
William Davies (Pembrokeshire MP) (1821–1895), British Member of Parliament for Pembrokeshire, 1880–1892
William Davies (New South Wales politician) (1824–1890)
William T. Davies (1831–1912), lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania, United States, 1887–1891
Sir William Howell Davies (politician) (1851–1932), British Member of Parliament for Bristol South, 1906–1922
William Thomas Frederick Davies (1860–1947), South African surgeon, army officer and politician
William Rees-Davies (judge) (William Rees Morgan Davies, 1863–1939), British Member of Parliament for Pembrokeshire, 1892–1898
Rupert Davies (politician) (William Rupert Davies, 1879–1967), Canadian author, newspaper publisher and Senator
Billy Davies (politician) (1884–1956), Welsh-born Australian member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and the Australian Parliament
William Gwynne Davies (1916–1999), trade unionist and politician in Saskatchewan, Canada

Other people
William Davies (priest) (died 1593), Welsh Roman Catholic priest and martyr
William Davies (highwayman) (died 1689), known as the Golden Farmer and hanged in Surrey, England
William Davies (Virginia) (fl. 1770s), Continental Army officer in the American Revolutionary War
William Davies (died 1819), English publisher with Cadell & Davies
William Davies (palaeontologist) (1814–1891), British palaeontologist
William Edmund Davies (1819–1879), bookmaker
William Broughton Davies (1831–1906), Sierra Leonean medical doctor
William Henry Davies (entrepreneur) (1831–1921), Canadian pork packer
William W. Davies (1833–1906), leader of a schismatic Latter Day Saint group in Washington, United States
William Davies (master mariner) (1862–1936), sea captain and partner in Davies and Newman
W. H. Davies (William Henry Davies, 1871–1940), Welsh poet
William Llewelyn Davies (1887–1952), chief librarian of the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth
William David Davies (1897–1969), Welsh Presbyterian minister and theologian
William J. Davies (fl. 1900–1927), Welsh trade union leader
William W. Davies (USMC) (1900–1985), United States Marine Corps general
Sir William Arthian Davies (1901–1979), British lawyer and judge
William Edward Davies (1917–1990), American geologist and caver
William H. Davies (1931–2017), justice of the Supreme Court of British Columbia
William Davies (psychologist) (born 1950), British psychologist
William Davies (screenwriter) (fl. 1980s–2010s), British-born American screenwriter
William Davies (political writer) (born 1976), English writer, political and sociological theorist
Bill Davies (died 2016), English real estate developer, owner of Old Chicago Main Post Office

Characters
Will Davies (Hollyoaks), a character on Hollyoaks
Billy Davies (River City), a character on River City

Other uses
William Davies Company, former Canadian pork packing firm

See also
William Richardson Davie (1756–1820), governor of North Carolina
William Davis (disambiguation)
William Davies Evans (1790–1872), seafarer, inventor, and chess player
William Rees-Davies (disambiguation)
William Davies Thomas (1889–1954), professor of English at Saskatchewan and Swansea

William Davies


Stormtroopers are highly trained human soldiers In the Star Wars universe. They are the main military forces for the Galactic Empire. During the original Star Wars movie series (Star Wars: A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Rerturn of the Jedi)  they worked for Darth Sidious and Darth Vader.

Stormtroopers wear white armor and helmets. They are armed with blaster guns. Stormtroopers replaced the clone troopers which were first seen in Attack of the Clones. Clone troopers where clones of the bounty hunter, Jango Fett. These clones were used in Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith as well as the animated movie and television series The Clone Wars.  By the time of the original series, the clone had been replaced by normal humans.  After the deaths of Sidious and Vader in Return of the Jedi, stormtroopers continued to serve the remaining leaders of the Galactic Empire. They can be seen in the third Star Wars trilogy, The Skywalker Saga (The Force Awakens, The Last Jedi and The Rise of Skywalker). In these movies, the stormtroopers are seen working for the First Order. This group is the main remaining part of the Empire.

In addition to the basic stormtrooper, there are many different types of stormtroop. Each type is either trained for a specific job or the are equipt to work in different environments. The snowtroopers seen on the snow covered planet Hoth at the start of Empire Stikes Back  are an example of specialized troopers. They wear special armor that is made to help protect them from the cold. Other examples of specialized troopers include the TIE pilots from A New Hope and the scout troopers seen on Endor in Return of the Jedi. There are many other types of troopers in the Star Wars books, comics and video games.

Other websites
  on Wookieepedia .

Fictional characters introduced in 1977
Star Wars characters

Stormtrooper (Star Wars)


Owk is a mandal in Nandyal district of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Geography
Owk is located at . It has an average elevation of 194 meters (639 feet).

Owk is known for the nearby Belum Caves. The temple of Lord Chennakeshava was built during Krishna Deva Raya's reign by Nalla Thimmaraju, founder of Owk. An avatar of Adisakti worshiped as Mulama here. There is a big reservoir which was built by the then kings of Owk, namely "Thimmaraju Cheruvu".

History

The former zamindars trace their origins back to the 15th century when Bukka obtained the zamindari estate from the Raja of Vijayanagar. Avuku State was founded in 1463 AD the same Thimmaraju who built the Owk tank, the son in law of great emperor Sri Krishna Devaraya, Aliya Rama Rayalu was younger co-brother of Thimmaraju who constructed Owk tank which was known well as Thimmaraju cheruvu at present the same tank was converted as reservoir by raising its bund to 220 feet height the reservoir has internal area of more than 1000 acres and it is main source of irrigation in Ryalasema region and also providing drinking water facility to nearby villages and towns. The descendants of the Thimmaraju by name Nandyala Ramakrishna Raju aged 57, Nandyala Trivikrama Varma aged 55 and he has one son by name Nandyala Avinash Prashanth Varma aged 26 are residing at owk, it has one long street there is a Lord Vishnu Temple constructed by Nandyala Chinna Krishnama Raju in 17th century, There is a Temple by deity name Mullama she is treated as incarnation of Adhiparashakthi and treated as Grama Devatha of Owk Village. There are two water falls namely, Gollaleru and Paleru respectively. Owk princely state was annexed in 1805 to the Hyderabad State.

References

Princely states of India
Mandals in Nandyal district

Owk mandal


Raclopride is a typical antipsychotic. It acts as a selective antagonist on D2 dopamine receptors. It has been used in trials studying Parkinson Disease.

Its selectivity to the cerebral D2 receptors is characterized by its respective Ki-values, which are as follows: 1.8, 3.5, 2400 and 18000 nM for D2, D3, D4 and D1 receptors respectively.

It can be radiolabelled with radioisotopes, e.g. 3H or 11C and used as a tracer for in vitro imaging (autoradiography) as well as in vivo imaging positron emission tomography (PET). Images obtained by cerebral PET scanning (e.g. PET/CT or PET/MRI) allow the non-invasive assessment of the binding capacity of the cerebral D2 dopamine receptor, which can be useful for the diagnosis of movement disorders. In particular, cerebral D2 receptor binding as measured by carbon-11-raclopride (11C-raclopride) has shown to reflect disease severity of Huntington's disease, a genetic disease characterized by selective degeneration of cerebral D2 receptors.

Other studies have investigated the relationship of D2 receptor binding capacity and personality disorders. One study found decreased binding in the detachment personality trait. Radiolabelled raclopride is also commonly used to determine the efficacy and neurotoxicity of dopaminergic drugs.

References

Benzamides
Chloroarenes
D2 antagonists
Phenol ethers
Pyrrolidines
Typical antipsychotics

Raclopride


The Snob is a 1924 American silent drama film directed by Monta Bell. The film starred Norma Shearer and John Gilbert (prior to their stardom), together with Phyllis Haver, Conrad Nagel, and Hedda Hopper. The film was written by Monta Bell, and was based on the novel The Snob: The Story of a Marriage by Helen Reimensnyder Martin.

Plot
As described in a review in a film magazine, just as Nancy Claxton (Shearer) finished at a convent school, her wealthy father Sherwood (Sackville) is killed in a roadhouse brawl. Stung by the disgrace, she disappears and her sweetheart, Herrick (Nagel), is unable to find her. Three years pass and Nancy is teaching school in the quaint Mennonite colony in Pennsylvania. She falls in love with an ambitious teacher, Eugene (Gilbert). They become engaged and Eugene gets a job as professor at an academy in a nearby town. He becomes popular and conceited, succeeds in winning favor of Dorothy (Haver), whose father owns the school. Eugene is made head-master. Nancy becomes ill and sends for Eugene. He marries her, believing she will die, but she gets well. He writes Dorothy a letter belittling Nancy. Herrick, who is teaching in the same school, visits Eugene and is amazed to find Nancy. Eugene continues to look down on Nancy and play up to Dorothy. Just before Nancy is to have a baby, he writes a loving letter to Dorothy. Nancy gets hold of this. Her baby dies. She then sees Eugene in his true light and shows him the newspaper story that she is heir to millions. He begs forgiveness but she taunts him as being a snob, saying she will divorce him and marry Herrick.

Cast

Preservation
With no prints of The Snob located in any film archives, it is a lost film.

References

External links

Norma Shearer and John Gilbert in a sequence from the film
Stills at normashearer.com

1924 films
1924 drama films
Silent American drama films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films based on American novels
Lost American drama films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1924 lost films
1920s American films

The Snob (1924 film)


Wi' My Dog And Gun (euskaraz Nere txakurra eta eskopetarekin) Eskoziako abesti herrikoia da. Bere bertsiorik ezagunena Silly Wizard taldeak moldatutakoa da.

Hitzak
Wi' my dog and gun, through the bloomin' heather,
For game and pleasure I took my way.
I met a maid, she was tall and slender,
Her eyes enticed me some time to stay.

I said "Fair maid, do you know I love you?
Tell me your name and your dwelling, oh so?"
"Oh, excuse my name, but you'll find my dwelling
By the mountain streams where the moorcocks crow."

I said "Fair maid, if you wed a farmer,
You'll be tied for life tae one plot of land.
I'm a rovin' Johnny, if you gone wi' me,
You will have no ties, so gi' me your hand."

"Ah, but if my parents knew I loved a rover,
It is that I'm sure would be my overthrow,
So I'll stay at home for another season
By the mountain streams where the moorcocks crow."

"So it's fare thee well, love, another season,
We will meet again in yon woodland vale,
And I'll set you down all upon my knee, love,
And I'll listen to your lovesick tale.

"And it's arm in arm we will go together
Through the lofty trees, in the valley below,
Where the lenties sing their song so sweetly

Kanpo estekak
 Silly Wizard taldearen Wi' My Dog And Gun abestiaren bertsioa entzungai

Eskoziako abestiak
Silly Wizard taldeko abestiak

Wi' My Dog And Gun


Gargantua and Pantagruel is a connected series of five books written in the sixteenth century by Francois Rabelais. The first book was published around 1532; the fifth was published after death around 1564 and some believe its attribution to Rabelais doubtful. It is the story of two giants, a father (Gargantua) and his son (Pantagruel) and their fun trips, written in a slightly funny, fancy, critical vein.

16th-century books

Gargantua and Pantagruel


Anushirwan Khan (, Anūshīrvān Khān) occupied the Ilkhanid throne from 1344 until his death in 1357. He was a puppet of the Chobanid ruler Malek Ashraf and possessed no power of his own. He is notable for being the last of the Ilkhan dynasty to have coins struck in his name.

Anushirwan's origins are obscure. One account suggests that Malek Ashraf's wardrobe keeper, a certain Nushirvan, was raised to the throne and given the name Anushirvan, after the famous Sasanian king Khosrow I Anushirvan. The Chobanids struck coins in his name until 1357.

References

Sources

1357 deaths
Il-Khan emperors
14th-century monarchs in Asia
Year of birth unknown

Anushirwan


The 'Cushman' mango is a mango cultivar that originated in south Florida. The variety had limited to no commercial application but has been sold as a dooryard tree.

History
The original tree grew from a seed planted in 1936 on the property of E. L. Cushman, in Miami, Florida. For many decades afterward its parentage was unknown, but a 2005 pedigree analysis suggested that the cultivar was likely a cross between Haden and Amini. The fruit was recognized as having excellent eating quality, but the trees were poor bearers making the cultivar undesirable for commercial production. Cushman was also known as the 'Big Yellow'.

Cushman trees are planted in the collections of the USDA's germplasm repository in Miami, Florida, the University of Florida's Tropical Research and Education Center in Homestead, Florida, and the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park, also in Homestead.

Description

The fruit is round in appearance and yellow when ripe, often looking more like a grapefruit than a mango. The flesh is pale yellow, completely fiberless, and has a sweet, rich flavor and aroma. The fruit averages over a pound in weight, getting up to 2 pounds, and contains a monoembryonic seed. The flesh has a distinctive characteristic in that when sliced open, Cushman fruit have a visible orange "halo" outlining the flesh closest to the skin. The fruit mature from July to August in Florida.

The trees are vigorous growers with spreading canopies of medium density.

References

External links
   Video description of 'Cushman' by Dr. Jonathan Crane of the University of Florida

Mango cultivars
Flora of Florida
Agriculture in Florida

Cushman (mango)


A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing.  It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, though this term is used for other procedures as well. In a restriction digest, DNA molecules are cleaved at specific restriction sites of 4-12 nucleotides in length by use of restriction enzymes which recognize these sequences.

The resulting digested DNA is very often selectively amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), making it more suitable for analytical techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis, and chromatography.  It is used in genetic fingerprinting, plasmid subcloning, and RFLP analysis.

Restriction site
A given restriction enzyme cuts DNA segments within a specific nucleotide sequence, at what is called a restriction site. These recognition sequences are typically four, six, eight, ten, or twelve nucleotides long and generally palindromic (i.e. the same nucleotide sequence in the 5' – 3' direction). Because there are only so many ways to arrange the four nucleotides that compose DNA (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine) into a four- to twelve-nucleotide sequence, recognition sequences tend to occur by chance in any long sequence. Restriction enzymes specific to hundreds of distinct sequences have been identified and synthesized for sale to laboratories, and as a result, several potential "restriction sites" appear in almost any gene or locus of interest on any chromosome. Furthermore, almost all artificial plasmids include a (often entirely synthetic) polylinker (also called "multiple cloning site") that contains dozens of restriction enzyme recognition sequences within a very short segment of DNA.  This allows the insertion of almost any specific fragment of DNA into plasmid vectors, which can be efficiently "cloned" by insertion into replicating bacterial cells.

After restriction digest, DNA can then be analysed using agarose gel electrophoresis.  In gel electrophoresis, a sample of DNA is first "loaded" onto a slab of agarose gel (literally pipetted into small wells at one end of the slab).  The gel is then subjected to an electric field, which draws the negatively charged DNA across it.  The molecules travel at different rates (and therefore end up at different distances) depending on their net charge (more highly charged particles travel further), and size (smaller particles travel further).  Since none of the four nucleotide bases carry any charge, net charge becomes insignificant and size is the main factor affecting rate of diffusion through the gel.  Net charge in DNA is produced by the sugar-phosphate backbone.  This is in contrast to proteins, in which there is no "backbone", and net charge is generated by different combinations and numbers of charged amino acids.

Possible uses
Restriction digest is most commonly used as part of the process of the molecular cloning of DNA fragment into a vector (such as a cloning vector or an expression vector).  The vector typically contains a multiple cloning site where many restriction site may be found, and a foreign piece of DNA may be inserted into the vector by first cutting the restriction sites in the vector as well the DNA fragment, followed by ligation of the DNA fragment into the vector.

Restriction digests are also necessary for performing any of the following analytical techniques:
RFLP – Restriction fragment length polymorphism
AFLP – Amplified fragment length polymorphism
STRP – Short tandem repeat polymorphism

Various restriction enzymes

There are numerous types of restriction enzymes, each of which will cut DNA differently. Most commonly used restriction enzymes are Type II restriction endonuclease (See article on Restriction enzymes for examples). There are some that cut a three base pair sequence while others can cut four, six, and even eight. Each enzyme has distinct properties that determine how efficiently it can cut and under what conditions. Most manufacturers that produce such enzymes will often provide a specific buffer solution that contains the unique mix of cations and other components that aid the enzyme in cutting as efficiently as possible. Different restriction enzymes may also have different optimal temperatures under which they function.

Note that for efficient digest of DNA, the restriction site should not be located at the very end of a DNA fragment.  The restriction enzymes may require a minimum number of base pairs between the restriction site and the end of the DNA for the enzyme to work efficiently. This number may vary between enzymes, but for most commonly used restriction enzymes around 6–10 base pair is sufficient.

See also
 Agarose gel electrophoresis
 DNA sequencing
 Genetic fingerprinting
 PCR
 Restriction fragment length polymorphism

References

External links
 New England Biolabs – Producer of restriction enzymes. This site contains highly detailed information on numerous enzymes, their optimal temperatures, and recognition sequences.
 REBASE

Genetics techniques
Molecular biology

Restriction digest