Dylan Ferguson (born August 10, 1988) is an American freestyle skier who has competed since 2004. His best World Cup finish was second in an aerials event at Deer Valley, Utah in January 2012.

Ferguson's best finish at the FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships was seventh in the aerials event at Inawashiro in 2009.

He was named to the US team for the 2010 Winter Olympics in January 2010. However, he began experiencing stomach pains in early February while training at Park City, Utah before the games. Two days later he was rushed to a Park City hospital for an emergency appendectomy, and later developed an infection, a complication from the surgery. As a result, Ferguson was forced to withdraw from the Olympic Games; he was replaced on the US team by Scotty Bahrke.

References

1988 births
American male freestyle skiers
Living people

Dylan Ferguson (skier)


Michael Schuck Bebb (December 23, 1833 – December 5, 1895) was an amateur systematic botanist in the 19th century with a reputation as the leading salicologist in both America and Europe. His extensive work on the genus Salix led to several plants being named in his honour.

Biography

Michael Schuck Bebb was born on December 23, 1833 in Butler County, Ohio, one of five children to William Bebb and Sarah Schuck.  His formative years were spent on the family farm in Hamilton, Ohio, where his interest in horticultural subjects took root amidst "the pleasure grounds, vegetable and fruit gardens" and "well stocked greenhouse".  Through his uncle, Evan Bebb, the young Bebb received a complete set of the Natural History Reports of the State of New York and Emerson's Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts.  These books opened up the hitherto unknown world of botany to the sixteen-year-old, who could now trace the genera and species of given plants and learn from their relationship.  Applying this new found knowledge to the trees, shrubs and herbs around him, Bebb began work collecting and preparing specimens for his famous herbarium of later years.

During this time his father, William Bebb had become active in politics and campaigned for the Whig politician William Henry Harrison in 1836 and 1840.  In 1846 he himself was elected Governor of Ohio, only the third governor born in the state.  After declining a second term in office, Governor Bebb withdrew from public life and moved his family to his newly acquired estate Fountaindale in Winnebago County, Illinois.  Instead of travelling with the family along the regular route to the estate via the Miami canal, the seventeen-year-old Michael Schuck Bebb assisted his brother in law in driving a herd of short horn cattle four hundred miles into the state of Illinois.  This epic journey opened up new and exciting species of flora to the young man and further fuelled his growing passion for botany.

During his time at Fountaindale, Michael acquired four standard books, Wood's Class Book of Botany, Gray's Botanical Text Book and Manual, Torrey and Gray's Flora of North America and Gray's Genera Illustrata, which enabled him to develop into a trained and skilled veteran of natural flora.  During his time attending Beloit College in Wisconsin, he became acquainted with Dr.George Vasey, after a chance encounter at a local state fair.  A short time later, Michael received a collection of grasses, sedges and junci from Dr. Vasey.  Their correspondence and exchanges would continue through the years.  As well as Dr. Vasey, Bebb also corresponded with a number of other noted botanists over the years including Dr.Asa Gray, William M. Canby and Henry Nicholas Bolander.

In 1857, he married Katherine Josephine Hancock, a member of the celebrated Massachusetts family of the same name and in 1861 moved the family to Washington where Michael was employed in the Pensions office.  During his free time, Michael continued to collect plants and to correspond and exchange with the leading botanists of the day. He joined the Naturalists' Club and became well known amongst the scientific community in Washington.

In 1865, his wife died, leaving him the sole guardian of their three children.  He resigned from the Pensions office and on February 19, 1867 married Anna Carpenter and moved the whole family to the Fountaindale estate in Illinois.  It was here, in 1873 that Bebb began his special study of willows, corresponding with the eminent British authority on Salix, Rev. J.E. Leefe.  In 1874 he was asked to contribute his salices to Brewer and Watson's Botany of California by Dr. Asa Gray, and in the same year he published his first scientific paper on willows in The American Naturalist, entitled "A new species of willow (S.laevigata) from California, and notes on some other North American species."

In 1878 he began to contribute writings to the Botanical Gazette on various aspects of willows.  These included six papers entitled "Notes on North American willows." His work on willows also appeared in Rothrock's Botany of the Wheeler Report and in the Botany of California as well as his illustrations in the Gray's Manual Flora.  In 1880 the leading Swedish authority on salices, Nils J. Anderson died, leaving Michael Schuck Bebb as the eminent botanist on the genus salix.

In October 1879 the family moved from Fountaindale to Rockford, Illinois.  The financial strain of a farm the size of Fountaindale proved too costly for Bebb and he eventually sold the property to a practical farmer.

In 1885 he suffered a serious attack of pleurisy, to which he never fully recovered, though this did not hamper his botanical zeal, publishing four series of "Notes on the White Mountain willows" in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club between 1888 and 1890, and contributed the Salices to the sixth edition of Gray's Manual, also in 1890.

Towards the end of his life, his industrious work on the genus Salix was rewarded by the naming of several plants in his honour.  In 1885 the genus Bebbia, native to Southern California was named in his honour by Prof. E. L. Greene and published in the Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences.  In 1889, the variety Carex tribuloides Wahl. var. Bebbii was created by Prof. L. H. Bailey and in 1895, Salix Bebbiana published by Prof. C. S. Sargent in Garden and Forest, with the inscription to Bebb "the learned, industrious and distinguished salicologist of the United States to whom, more than to any one else of this generation we owe our knowledge of American willows."

Michael Schuck Bebb died on December 5, 1895 surrounded by friends and family.  He was buried at the West Side cemetery in Rockford, Illinois.

Notes

American botanists
People from Hamilton, Ohio
1833 births
1895 deaths
Beloit College alumni

Michael Schuck Bebb


The Wellington Farm Historic District encompasses a historic farm property at 487—500 Wellesley Street in Weston, Massachusetts.  Included in the  district are a main house built c. 1760, a barn complex with buildings dating from the 19th and 20th centuries, a modern greenhouse, and farm fields lined by stone walls.  It is historically significant for its well-preserved buildings, and for its later transformation into a summer estate.  It is also one of the town's few remaining working farms.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Description and history
The Wellington Farm is set on  in rural-residential southern Weston.  The property is roughly bisected by Wellesley Street, just south of the Massachusetts Turnpike, and is roughly bounded on the south by Glen Road.  Open fields line the road, with two separate farmstead complexes on either side.  The one to the east has a farmhouse built about 1760, with later modifications around 1800 and 1900, while that on the west side has an early 20th-century house with more modern outbuildings for the farm operations.

Part of this property was first recorded in 1770, when the house on the east side was already standing.  By the turn of the 20th century, it had grown to over , and extended as far west as Winter Street.  The property was operated as a farm until the end of the 19th century, at which time it was turned into a summer estate.  It was acquired by Arthur Wight Wellington, president of U.S. Leather, in 1907, and remains in that family.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Weston, Massachusetts

References

Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Weston, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts

Wellington Farm Historic District


Jurnee Diana Smollett (born October 1, 1986) is an American  actress. She began her career as a child actress appearing on television sitcoms, including On Our Own (1994–1995) and Full House (1992–1994). She gained greater recognition with her role in the critically acclaimed Kasi Lemmons directed film Eve's Bayou (1997), which earned her a Critics' Choice Movie Award.

As an adult, Smollett has starred in the films The Great Debaters (2007), Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor (2013), and Birds of Prey (2020). Her television roles include the NBC sports drama Friday Night Lights (2009–2011), the WGN America period drama Underground (2016–2017), and the HBO fantasy horror dramas True Blood (2013–2014) and Lovecraft Country (2020), receiving a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for the latter. In 2020, Smollett portrayed DC Comic superhero Dinah Lance / Black Canary in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) feature film Birds of Prey.

Early life
Jurnee Diana Smollett was born in New York City, to Janet Harris and Joel Smollett. Her father was Ashkenazi Jewish, with ancestors from Romania, Russia and Poland, while her mother is African American. She is the fourth of six siblings, all performers: one sister, Jazz Smollett, and four brothers, Jussie, JoJo, Jake, and Jocqui.

Career

Early works
Smollett began her acting career appearing on Martin and Out All Night in 1992. She then had recurring roles as Denise Frazer on the ABC family sitcoms Full House and Hangin' with Mr. Cooper. From 1994 to 1995, she co-starred with her siblings in the short-lived ABC sitcom On Our Own. In 1996, she appeared in the Francis Ford Coppola film Jack, making her big-screen debut.

Smollett received critical acclaim for her performance as 10-year-old Eve in the 1997 film Eve's Bayou opposite Lynn Whitfield, Samuel L. Jackson and Debbi Morgan. In casting the role, writer-director Kasi Lemmons envisioned "a light-skinned black child who could convey the nuances of a Creole child in the 60s." She received the Critic's Choice Award and was nominated for a NAACP Image Award. The following year, she joined the cast of the CBS sitcom Cosby, for which she won two NAACP Image Awards. In 1999, Smollett starred in the ABC TV film Selma, Lord, Selma. In 2000, she co-starred with Sharon Stone and Billy Connolly in the film Beautiful Joe. In 2001, she played the daughter of Angela Bassett in the television film Ruby's Bucket of Blood. In 2005, she co-starred with Bow Wow and Brandon T. Jackson in the roller skating film Roll Bounce. In 2006, she appeared in the drama film Gridiron Gang.

2007–2012
In 2007, Smollett portrayed Samantha Booke (loosely based on Henrietta Bell Wells), the sole female debater at Wiley College in the historical film The Great Debaters. The film was produced by Oprah Winfrey and Harvey Weinstein and starred Denzel Washington, who also directed the feature. For her performance, Smollett received NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture. The following year, she returned to television, appearing in two episodes of ABC medical drama Grey's Anatomy. From 2009 to 2011, she was a regular cast member in the DirecTV drama series Friday Night Lights playing Jess Merriweather. From 2010 to 2011, she also co-starred with Jim Belushi and Jerry O'Connell on the short-lived CBS legal drama The Defenders.

2013–present

In 2013, Smollett played the leading role in the drama film Temptation: Confessions of a Marriage Counselor directed by Tyler Perry. The film received negative reviews from critics, but was a box-office hit, grossing $53,125,354. It is the highest-grossing Tyler Perry film which the writer-director did not star in, and the highest-grossing Tyler Perry drama. From 2013 to 2014, she was a regular on the HBO series True Blood. She later played Juanita Leonard, the wife of boxer Sugar Ray Leonard, in the 2016 biographical sport film Hands of Stone co-starring with Usher and Robert De Niro.

In 2015, Smollett was cast as lead character in the WGN America period drama series Underground. Smollett played Rosalee, a shy house slave working on a plantation in 1857. She portrayed Black Canary in the 2020 film Birds of Prey, and Letitia "Leti" Lewis in the 2020 HBO series Lovecraft Country. In August 2021, it was revealed that Smollett will star in a solo Black Canary Movie from Warner Bros. and DC Films at HBO Max. In November 2021, she joined Jamie Foxx and Tommy Lee Jones in Amazon Studios' courtroom drama project The Burial directed by Maggie Betts. In 2022, she executive produced and co-starred in the Netflix thriller film, Lou.

Personal life
Smollett has been active in HIV/AIDS causes since she was 11. Her first encounter with the disease came at age seven when a crew member of On Our Own died of AIDS. She was inspired by the HIV/AIDS survivor Hydeia Broadbent, with whom she eventually worked for HIV/AIDS awareness, including for the Black AIDS Institute and Red Cross. She spoke at the Ryan White Youth Conference, and is on the Board of Directors of Artists for a New South Africa, an organization dedicated to HIV/AIDS in Africa. Smollett is also on the Board of Directors for the Children's Defense Fund.

On October 24, 2010, Smollett married musician Josiah Bell. Their first child, a son named Hunter, was born on October 31, 2016. In March 2020, Smollett filed for divorce, which was finalized in August 2021.

She has two siblings who are also actors: Jake Smollett and Jussie Smollett. Jussie was a star of the television drama Empire and also convicted of a hate crime hoax in 2022.

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1986 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
African-American activists
African-American actresses
African-American Jews
American child actresses
American film actresses
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American television actresses
HIV/AIDS activists
Jewish American activists
Jewish American actresses
Living people
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century American Jews

Jurnee Smollett


William Clarence Matthews (January 7, 1877 – April 9, 1928) was an early 20th-century African-American pioneer in athletics, politics and law.  Born in Selma, Alabama, Matthews was enrolled at the Tuskegee Institute and, with the help of Booker T. Washington (the principal of the institute), enrolled at the Phillips Academy in 1900 and Harvard University in 1901.  At Harvard, he became one of the standout baseball players, leading the team in batting average for the 1903, 1904, and 1905 seasons.

Matthews, having come from poverty and with no living parent, had to financially support himself with multiple jobs, but still managed to graduate in 1905 and was accepted to Boston University School of Law.  In the summer of 1905, Matthews joined the Burlington, Vermont baseball team of the Northern League, making him the only African-American in any white professional baseball league at the time.  Halfway through the season there were rumors of Matthews joining the struggling Boston Beaneaters as the starting second baseman, but possible backlash throughout the National League stopped the rumors.  Matthews joined the Bar association in 1908 and became one of the first African-American Assistant District Attorneys in the country.  He worked as legal counsel to Marcus Garvey before getting active in Republican Party politics and helping get Calvin Coolidge elected President in 1924.  He died in 1928 while serving in Washington, D.C., as a U.S. Assistant Attorney General.  For challenging the color line in professional baseball he is considered by his main biographer, Karl Lindholm, to be "the Jackie Robinson of his day".

Early life
William Clarence Matthews was born the third oldest child to William Matthews, a tailor, and Elizabeth Matthews in Selma, Alabama on January 7, 1877.  He had two siblings, Fannie, the oldest, and Walter (or Buddy), the second oldest.  His father died in the 1890s and his family moved to Montgomery, Alabama.

He was enrolled at the Tuskegee Institute from 1893 until 1897 where he graduated second in his class, was a standout athlete (organizing the first football team and being the captain of the baseball team), and became a student of Booker T. Washington. Matthews was the first head football coach at Tuskegee and he held that position for two seasons, 1893 and 1895; there was no team in 1894.  His coaching record at Tuskegee was 0–2. Matthews also played on at least one of the teams he coached, serving as the captain. Washington arranged for Matthews to continue his study in the north, first at the Phillips Andover Academy, where he was the only African-American in his class of 97 students, and then in the fall of 1901 at Harvard University.

Harvard baseball
Matthews was a recognized baseball standout at both the Tuskegee Institute and at Phillips Andover, and thus was able to walk on to the Harvard varsity baseball team as a Freshman.  The tryouts for the Harvard Baseball team had over 140 people for only 12 spots, and Matthews was one of the first ones selected for the team.  His joining the team caused some controversy, as one of a few African-American baseball players in American colleges at this point, and he had to be held out of games occasionally because of protests by other teams. During his sophomore year the team cancelled a tour through the southern states entirely.

The Harvard baseball team was one of the best in the country (coached in 1902 by Cy Young and Willie Keeler) and Matthews was the star shortstop for the team, lettering all four years (1902–1905).  Matthews made an important contribution his first season by scoring the winning run in the final game of the series against Yale in front of 9,000 fans at the Polo Grounds in New York City.  He led the team in hitting his final three years (batting a high .400 and stealing 25 bases during his senior year) as the Harvard team won 78 games and lost 18 with him over that span.

On the Harvard Baseball team, he played alongside of Eddie Grant (second baseman) and Walter Clarkson (pitcher), both of whom would go on to careers in professional baseball.  However, Matthews was considered by one local paper to be the "greatest big league prospect" on the Harvard team. Matthews was highly lauded as a member of the Harvard Baseball team with the Boston Post dubbing him "no doubt the greatest colored athlete of all time" and "the best infielder Harvard ever had."

Matthews, as he had done at Tuskegee and Andover, also played football.  He played as the varsity quarterback for the first games of the 1901 season (his Freshman season) until he suffered an injury in the Harvard-Army game and became a backup for the rest of the undefeated 1901 Harvard season. He played his last three years for Harvard but was moved primarily to the left end position. In 1904, he was mentioned as a potential All-American.

While at Harvard, his mentor was William Henry Lewis who at that point was the coach of the Harvard football team and the first African-American Assistant United States Attorney in the country.

Burlington baseball

On July 4, 1905, Matthews became the starting second baseman for the Burlington, Vermont team in the Northern League.  Taking the field that day in a doubleheader against a team from Rutland, Matthews became the only African-American playing in white professional baseball leagues at the time.  He got three hits in his first game and fielded excellently.  He played well for the whole season with the Burlington team taking second place and narrowly missing first place.

In mid-1905, a rumor was published by the Boston Evening Traveller that coach Fred Tenney of the Boston National League team was thinking of signing Matthews to a contract.  The Boston second baseman was Fred Raymer who was batting .211 for the season and Tenney needed a replacement.  Interviewed about the rumor, Matthews was reported to have said that "Negroes should not be shut out because their skin is black." The rumor quickly dissipated with some claiming that the southern teams of the National League had threatened to leave and form a new league if Matthews played  and others contending that National League President Harry Pulliam had intervened to prevent signing Matthews.

While playing in the Northern League, Matthews faced discrimination from fans and other players.  Sam Appcrious, who like Matthews was from Selma, refused to play against Matthews when their teams played each other.  At some points in the season, he was moved to the outfield in order to prevent his opponents from spiking him (injuring him with their metal cleats when sliding at him).

The Burlington team, like most of the Northern League teams, was staffed by a number of "kangaroos" or players from the National League or American League upset with their contracts who would jump from league to league.  These players would often return to those leagues and leave the Burlington team leading to regular turnover of players.  Thus, Matthews was one of only four players who played for the entire season for the team. This would be his only year in professional baseball as he entered Boston University School of Law to work on his law degree in Fall 1905.

Law and politics

Matthews passed the bar exam and married Pamela Belle Lloyd from Hayneville, Alabama in 1908.  He coached Boston high school baseball teams for a few years during this period in order to put himself through law school (Boston Latin School, Dorchester High School, and Noble and Greenough School). However, Matthews eventually replaced his mentor at Harvard William Henry Lewis as the Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Boston area. From 1920 to 1923, Matthews became the chief legal counsel for the Marcus Garvey founded Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League.

During the 1924 Presidential election, Matthews became an important supporter of the Republican Party and Calvin Coolidge.  Although both Matthews and his mentor at Harvard William Henry Lewis were active Republicans, Lewis decided to support John W. Davis, the Democratic candidate for the Presidency because he felt the Republicans were not taking a strong enough stance against the Ku Klux Klan.  Matthews, in contrast, became the Head of the Colored Division of the Republican National Committee in 1924. Matthews' position was the first time that a major U.S. political party put an African-American in charge of efforts to organize the African-American vote. Matthews criticized Lewis for leaving the Republican party and because of his efforts African-Americans in the North voted overwhelmingly for Coolidge. Following the 1924 election, Matthews delivered a list of seventeen demands to improve the position of African-Americans in the Coolidge administration.

When Coolidge won, Matthews moved to Washington, D.C., and became an Assistant Attorney General.  He was assigned to cases in Nebraska (October 1925), Illinois (December 1925), and finally to deal with water issues in California (June 1926).

Death and legacy
Matthews died on April 9, 1928 (51 years old) of a perforated ulcer.  Obituaries for Matthews ran in most of the major newspapers in the country.  The New York Times called him "one of the most prominent Negro members of the bar in America." His funeral in Boston was attended by over 1,500 people with William Henry Lewis serving as an honorary pallbearer. Clarence Matthews was interred in Cambridge Cemetery in Cambridge Massachusetts.

Harold Kaese wrote in the Boston Globe in 1965 that Matthews was "the Jackie Robinson of his age."  Since 2006, the Ivy League baseball team to win the conference title receives the William Clarence Matthews Trophy.

See also
Baseball color line
Jimmy Claxton
Frank Grant

References

1877 births
1928 deaths
19th-century American lawyers
Boston University School of Law alumni
Harvard Crimson baseball players
Massachusetts lawyers
National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Phillips Academy alumni
Tuskegee Golden Tigers football coaches
Tuskegee University alumni
Sportspeople from Selma, Alabama
Baseball players from Alabama
African-American baseball players
African-American coaches of American football
20th-century African-American people
19th-century African-American lawyers

William Clarence Matthews


Mukteshwara Temple (; also spelt Mukteswara) is a 10th-century Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The temple dates back to 950–975 CE and is a monument of importance in the study of the development of Hindu temples in Odisha. The stylistic development the Mukteswara marks the culmination of all earlier developments, and initiates a period of experiment which continues for an entire century, as seen in such temples as the Rajarani Temple and Lingaraj temple, both located in Bhubaneswar. It is one of the prominent tourist attractions of the city.

History
The Mukteshvara Temple is found to be the earliest work from the Somavamshi period. Most scholars believe the temple is the successor to Parashurameshvara Temple and built earlier to the Brahmeswara Temple (1060 CE). Percy Brown puts the date of construction of the temple to 950 CE. The presence of a torana, which is not part of any other temple in the region, makes this temple unique and some of the representations indicate the builders were starters of a new culture. K.C. Panigrahi places the temple to be built during 966 CE and postulates that the Somavamshi king Yayati I built the temple. He also associates the legend of Kirtivassa to this temple, but the postulation is not accepted as Kirtivasa is associated with Lingaraja, though both were built at the same time for the same deity, Shiva. There is no historic evidence to conclude that Yayati had built the temple.

Architecture

This architecture is one of the basic reasons why Mukteshvara Temple is also known as the "Gem of Odisha architecture" or "Kalinga Architecture" . The temple faces west and is constructed in a lower basement amidst a group of temples. The pyramidal roof to the jagamohana present in the temple was the first of its kind over the conventional two tier structure. The temple is a small one compared to other larger temples in Bhubaneswar. The temples is enclosed within an octagonal compound wall with elaborate carvings on it. It is believed that the experiment of newer pattern in the temple showed a mature phase compared to its predecessors and culminated the beginning of replication of similar pattern in the later temples in the city. The temple has a porch, called torana, which acts as the gateway to the octagonal compound. The temple has two structures namely, the vimana (structure above the sanctum) and a mukhasala, the leading hall, both of which are built on a raised platform. The temple is the earlies to be built in pithadeula type.

Porch
The most important feature of the Mukteshvara Temple is the torana, or the arched gateway, dating back to about 900 CE and showing the influence of Buddhist architecture. The arched gateway has thick pillars that have strings of beads and other ornaments carved on statues of smiling women in languorous repose. The porch is a walled chamber with a low, massive roof and internal pillars. The combination of vertical and horizontal lines is skilfully arranged so as to give dignity of buildings of moderate height. This early astylar form of the temple is best illustrated in this temple. The gateway has sculptures that range from elaborate scrolls to pleasant female forms and figures of monkeys and peacocks. The front and back of the arch are similar in design.

Vimana
The Vimana is square in plan and is built in a raised platform with pilasters in each facade. The shikara is small compared to other temples; it has four Natarajas on and four kirthimukhas on the four faces. The top portion of the shikara has the kalasa. The shikara is  tall, with every inch sculpted with decorative patterns, architectural patterns and sculpted figures. A new form of decoration called bho, possibly developed here, became a prominent feature in later Odishan temples. It is a highly ornate chaitya window crowned by masked demon head and dwarf figures.

Sanctum
The sanctum is sculpted with beautiful damsels exhibiting feminine charms entwined with nagas and naginis. The sanctum is cubical from the inside with offset walls in the outside.

Jagamohana
This distinctive 10th-century temple is one of the smallest and compact temples. The jagamohana is  tall. It is decorated with intricate carvings by the Vishwakarma Moharana sculptors. The temple is regarded as a gem of Nagara architecture of Kalinga architecture. Except for the rectangular plan of its jagamohana, it is the earliest example of what may be termed proper Odisha temple type; a vimana with a curvelinear spire and a jaganmohana with a stepped pyramidal roof.
The temple's red sandstone is covered with exquisite carvings of lean sadhus or holy men and voluptuous women encrusted with jewels. The images of Ganga and Yamuna are carved next to Chanda and Prachanda. The torana is present in front of the jagamohana. The figure of Lakulisa, seated in bhumispara-mudra and holding a lakuta is present on the lintel of the jagamohana. The figures of Gajalakshmi, Rahu and Ketu are also sculpted in the structure. A small extension from the side roof of the jagamohana has the image of a lion sitting on its hind legs. The exterior walls of the structure are decorated with pilasters with nagas and naginis.

Others
The doorway to the inner sanctum houses the image of Ketu with three hooded snakes, commonly regarded as the ninth planet in the Hindu mythology.
There is a tank in the eastern side of the temple and a well in the south-western corner. A dip in the first known as the Marichi Kunda is believed to cure infertility in women. There are other shrines within the temple complex with lingam inside, which were used as offering shrines. The doorway of the temple is ornate. The temple is enclosed by a low compound wall that follows the contours of the temple. The temple has sculptures both inside and outside the structure. The compound walls leaves a very small passage separating the shrine.

Religious significance
Mukteshvara means "Lord of Freedom" (from the cycle of births and deaths). The temple is dedicated to Hindu God Shiva. There are a number of sculptures of skeletal ascetics in teaching or meditation poses. Some scholars correlate the role of the temple as a centre for Tantric initiation with the name Mukteshvara as a possible thesis. The outer face of the compound wall has niches of Hindu deities like Saraswathi, Ganesha and Lakulisha (the fifth century founder of the Pashupata sect of tantric Shaivism). The numerous images of Lakulisha are found in miniature forms within Chaitya arches, showing various mudras like yoga, Bhumispara and vyakyana with yogapatta tied to their knees. They are accompanied by the images of the disciples. According to tradition, barren women give birth to sons if they take a dip in the Marichi Kunda tank in the premises of the temple on the night before Ashokashtami car festival. On the evening, the water in the tank is sold to the public.

In popular culture
The Department of Tourism of the state government organises a three-day yearly dance function called Mukteswar Dance Festival in the temple premises. This festival celebrates the features of Odissi, the classical dance form of Odisha and Odissi music, the classical music of the same tradition. Popular Odissi dancers perform during the function, accompanied by musical instruments like mardala. The event is webcast in the state government portal.

Gallery

See also
 List of temples in Bhubaneswar

Notes

References

External links

 Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar
 Temples of Orissa (archived 2 September 2006)
 Mukteshvara Temple

Shiva temples in Odisha
Hindu temples in Bhubaneswar
Archaeological monuments in Odisha
10th-century Hindu temples

Mukteshvara Temple, Bhubaneswar


The Scottish Record Society is a text publication society founded at Edinburgh in 1897, but with earlier roots as the Scottish section of the British Record Society (founded 1889). Since its establishment it has published numerous volumes of calendars and indices of public records, private muniments and original manuscripts relating to Scotland and Scottish affairs. It is a registered Scottish charity.

Membership of the Society is open to all persons and institutions interested in its work. There is a governing council which manages the affairs of the society. George MacKenzie, former Keeper of the Records of Scotland and Registrar General, is President. The Chairman is Tristram Clarke. The Honorary Treasurer is Tessa Spencer. The Honorary Secretary is Samantha Smart.

During its first decade the Society concentrated on transcribing and publishing detailed indices of testaments (wills) proved in Scottish Commissariot Courts.

Publications

The volumes of records produced by the SRS are part of a deep "empirical tradition" in Scottish historiography. Details of the Old Series, New Series, and Electronic Series publications may be found on the Society website. Recent volumes include:
 Watt, D. E. R., & Murray, A. L., eds, Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae Medii Aevi Ad Annum 1638, revised edition, 2003,
 Shaw, D., ed., The Acts and Proceedings of the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland 1560 to 1618, 2004, 3 vols.,
 Fotheringham, Henry Steuart, ed., Munro, Jean, transcriber, Edinburgh Goldsmith's Minutes 1525–1700, 2006,
 Stewart, A. I. B., List of Inhabitants upon the Duke of Argyle's Property in Kintyre in 1792
 Torrance, D. Richard, Scottish Studio Photographers to 1914 & Workers in the Scottish Photographic Industry, 2011, 2 vols.,
 Fotheringham, Henry S., ed., Munro, Jean, transcriber, Act Book of the Convenery of Deacons of the Trades of Edinburgh 1577–1755, 2011 (for 2012) 2 vols.,
 John Finlay, ed., Admission Register of Notaries Public in Scotland, 1700–1799, 2 vols.,

See also

Scottish History Society
The Scottish Records Association website

References

External links
Scottish Record Society website

Learned societies of Scotland
Organizations established in 1897
1897 establishments in Scotland
Charities based in Edinburgh
Archives in Scotland
Heritage organisations in Scotland
History organisations based in Scotland
Genealogical societies
Text publication societies
Book publishing companies of Scotland
History of literature in Scotland

Scottish Record Society


was an influential Japanese animator originally from Nara, Japan. He is best known for his popular 1984 work Birth, one of the first (after Dallos) original video animations released in the market. Though he did not create many character designs, he was famous for his character animation skills. His work on Galaxy Express 999 (1979) and Harmagedon (1983) were very influential to an entire generation of animators in Japan. These two works also served as partial inspiration for Takashi Murakami's Superflat art movement. During the 1980s and 1990s, he worked closely with director Hayao Miyazaki on several movies from Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind to Princess Mononoke. He was also known for breaking down the directorial system in animation, allowing individual key animators to exert their own style into a particular work. He died at the age of 57 of a heart attack on July 21, 2009. His works inspired the art and works of animators such as Hiroyuki Imaishi,  Masahito Yamashita,  Akira Amemiya and Masami Obari. The final episode of Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt was dedicated in memory of him, and his influential work garnered special praise from many industry figures, such as Hayao Miyazaki.

Anime and video game works
Partial list (he was involved in over 50 TV, OVA series and movies since the 70s, and also involved in many Square and Square Enix works)
Zukkoke Knight - Don De La Mancha (Storyboard (episode 6), Character Design, Key Animation (episode 6))
Mahou no Mako-chan (Animation)
Sarutobi Ecchan (Animation)
GeGeGe no Kitaro (OP Animator)
Cutie Honey (Key animation (last episode))
Birth (Character Design, Animation director, Lead Animator)
 Castle in the Sky (Key Animation Supervision)
Genesis Climber MOSPEADA (OP Animator)
Blue Submarine No. 6 (Key Animator)
Cyborg 009 (1979) (OP Animator)
Fushigi Yuugi (OP Animator)
Galaxy Express 999 (Key Animator)
Toward the Terra (Key Animator)
Harmagedon (Key Animator)
My Neighbor Totoro (Key Animator)
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (Key Animator)
Kiki's Delivery Service  (Key Animator)
Porco Rosso  (Key Animator)
Princess Mononoke (Key Animator)
X (Key Animator)
Vampire Hunter (Key Animator)
Final Fantasy: Legend of the Crystals (Key Animator)
CLAMP School Detectives (Key Animator for Opening Animation)
Hanjuku Hero Tai 3D (Opening Animation Director)
Hanjuku Hero 4: 7-Jin no Hanjuku Hero (Opening Animation Director)
Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Key Animator, Layout Artist)
Final Fantasy XIII (Storyboard Director)
Fullmetal Alchemist: Daughter of the Dusk (Key Animator, One of his last works)

References

External links

1952 births
2009 deaths
Japanese animators
Artists from Nara Prefecture
Studio Ghibli people
Square Enix people

Yoshinori Kanada


Proxy-Based Estimating (PROBE) is an estimating process used in the Personal Software Process (PSP) to estimate size and effort.

Proxy Based Estimating (PROBE), is the estimation method introduced by Watts Humphrey
(of the Software Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University) as part of the
Personal Software Process (a discipline that helps individual software engineers monitor,
test, and improve their own work).

PROBE is based on the idea that if an engineer is building a component similar to one they built previously, then it will take about the same effort as it did in the past.

In the PROBE method, individual engineers use a database to keep track of the size and
effort of all of the work that they do, developing a history of the effort they have put into
their past projects, broken into individual components. Each component in the database is
assigned a type ("calculation," "data," "logic," etc.) and a size (from "very small" to "very
large").
When a new project must be estimated, it is broken down into tasks that correspond
to these types and sizes. A formula based on linear regression is used to calculate
the estimate for each task.

Additional information on PROBE can be found in A Discipline for Software Engineering by Watts Humphrey (Addison Wesley, 1994).

See also
 Estimation in software engineering

External links
 Proxy Based Estimating: Concept from chambers.com

Software engineering costs

Proxy-based estimating


In intentional camera movement (ICM), a camera is moved during the exposure for a creative or artistic effect. This causes the image points to move across the recording medium, producing varied effects such as streaking, textures, and layers in the resulting image. The central idea in ICM photography is that motion serves as the primary compositional element. Strict technical or definitional arguments remain vague in this form of photography which has a long history and is connected with many other forms of photography, such as Impressionism and often blurs genres and styles.

Technique

The process often involves the selection of a narrow aperture and the use of filters and light to achieve a suitable shutter speed. Proponents experiment both with the duration of the exposure and the direction and amount of camera movement while the shutter is open. Examples of exposures often range from 1/20 to 1/2 second though experimenting with settings often creates unique results. A shutter speed of 1/8 of a second is an example of what might retain the shape of subjects, and strip away surface detail. The effect depends significantly on the direction that the camera is moved in relation to the subject as well as the speed of the movement.

If light levels are high, the use of neutral-density filters will reduce the light entering the lens, thus enabling the exposure to be extended with the pricetag of limiting the quality of good lenses. A polarising filter can also be fitted to the lens. This has a dual effect of reducing reflections within the image and reducing the light by about two stops. Photographers set the camera's ISO setting to the lowest available on the camera (commonly 100), as this reduces the camera's sensitivity to light and so gives the slowest possible shutter speed.

The direction of movement of the lens has a dramatic effect on the results. Repetition is required, along with much experimentation, to establish where and how to move the camera to achieve the desired effect. The camera can be moved upwards, downwards, to the right or left or away from or towards the subject while being handheld as well as in an infinite number of more creative motions. The camera may be turned, angled, and rapidly moved back and forth.

Leading proponents of the technique include Ernst Haas, Alexey Titarenko, and (from as early as 1962) Kōtarō Tanaka.

Relation to motion blur

In a sense, ICM is the same effect as (intentional) single-exposition motion blur: in the former the camera moves during exposure, in the second the target moves, but they have in common that there is relative motion between camera and target, often resulting in streaking in the image. Yet, the definitions are better left vague as freedom and creativity is especially relevant to this process. Many people use unedited in camera photos, or multiple exposure, or post processing and many others don't. There is a lot of freedom in this type of photography, which is why it attracts so many professional photographers who are typically more bound by strict rules.

A special case, called panning, occurs when the camera is moved during exposure while keeping it pointed at a moving target, to hold its projection on the recording medium steady. The stationary environment (usually mainly background, but possibly also some foreground) then is subjected to ICM and appears streaked in the final image.

Another special case is that of forward (or backwards) camera movement, typically with the camera focused on the distance. The streaks in the resulting image converge on the central point, giving a suggestion as if it is at the end of a long tunnel. A similar effect can be achieved by changing the focal length of a zoom lens during the exposure.

See also
 Panning
 Zoom burst

References

External links

Photographic techniques

Intentional camera movement


Under the Yum Yum Tree is a 1963 American sex comedy film directed by David Swift and starring Jack Lemmon, Carol Lynley, Dean Jones, and Edie Adams, with Imogene Coca, Paul Lynde, and Robert Lansing in supporting roles. The film received two Golden Globe Award nominations in 1964: Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for Lemmon.

The film is based on the Broadway play of the same name by Lawrence Roman that first ran in 1960–61, which featured Jones in the same role.

Plot
Hogan (Jack Lemmon) is a lecherous landlord, a swinging bachelor who ogles and tries to seduce his female tenants. Women are mere playthings to him, plus he's a master con man. His bachelor pad is a holy temple of seduction: blood-red walls, African sculptures, a well-stocked cocktail bar, a switch-operated fireplace, and mechanized violins that play romantic music at the touch of a button. He walks around wearing a scarlet cardigan (with matching socks and shirts) and a devilish smirk. As the independently wealthy landlord of a beautifully-designed California apartment block that includes tropical plants, he rents rooms only to gorgeous single women at just $75 a month. An older married couple, handyman Murphy (Paul Lynde) and maid Dorcas (Imogene Coca) work for Hogan.

Irene (Edie Adams), a recently divorced tenant, has just ended a relationship with Hogan. She's moving out of the apartment with the assistance of her friend Charles (Robert Lansing). The apartment is immediately snapped up by her niece, Robin (Carol Lynley). Hogan is thrilled at the prospect of yet another beautiful tenant to seduce, but is initially unaware that Robin's short-tempered, frustrated, bumbling boyfriend David (Dean Jones) is moving in with her in a 'platonic' capacity only, to determine their compatibility.

Hogan does his best to prevent David and Robin from consummating their relationship. Irene, who has only come to realize the extent of Hogan's promiscuity, is determined to prevent him from getting his hands on her niece. Irene confronts him at his barber, and Hogan is self-defensive and comically self-deluded.

Cast
Jack Lemmon as Hogan
Carol Lynley as Robin Austin
Dean Jones as David Manning
Edie Adams as Irene Wilson
Paul Lynde as Murphy
Robert Lansing as Charles Howard
Imogene Coca as Dorcas Murphy
Joy Harmon as Ardice
Pamela Curran as Dolores
Asa Maynor as Cheryl
Laurie Sibbald as Eve
Jane Wald as Liz (woman in shower)
Celeste Yarnall as New Girl in Van
Bill Bixby as Track Team Coach
Bill Erwin as Teacher
Matty Jordan as Maitre D'
James Millhollin as The Thin Man

Other versions
The film was adapted from a Broadway play by Lawrence Roman. The stage production opened on November 16, 1960 at Henry Miller's Theatre and ran for 173 performances. The original cast included Gig Young as Hogan, Sandra Church as Robin, and Dean Jones as David.

An hour-long unsold television pilot titled Under the Yum Yum Tree and directed by E. W. Swackhamer premiered on ABC on September 2, 1969. The manager of the apartment complex was played by Jack Sheldon and among the cast were Ryan O'Neal and Leigh Taylor-Young, who were married from 1967 to 1971. Both were stars of ABC's primetime serial Peyton Place, which broadcast its final episode three months earlier, on June 2.

Song
The song "Under the Yum Yum Tree", written by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen, is sung by James Darren during the opening credits, and its melody is used thematically throughout the picture.

Novelization
Slightly in advance of the film's release, as was the custom of the era, a paperback novelization of the film was published by Dell Books. The author was renowned crime and western novelist Marvin H. Albert, who also made something of a cottage industry out of movie tie-ins. He seems to have been the most prolific screenplay novelizer of the late '50s through mid '60s, and, during that time, the preeminent specialist at light comedy.

See also
List of American films of 1963

References

External links

1963 films
1963 romantic comedy films
1960s American films
1960s English-language films
1960s sex comedy films
American films based on plays
American romantic comedy films
American sex comedy films
Columbia Pictures films
Films about landlords
Films directed by David Swift
Films scored by Frank De Vol
Films set in apartment buildings
Films set in California

Under the Yum Yum Tree


Lincoln Beach was an amusement park in New Orleans, Louisiana, functioning from 1939 through 1965. The park was for the area's African American population during the Jim Crow era of racial segregation.

Lincoln Beach was located along the shore of Lake Pontchartrain near Little Woods, in a portion of the Eastern New Orleans section of the Ninth Ward of New Orleans that was little developed in the 1930s. The land where Lincoln Beach was located was deeded to the city by Sam Zemurray in 1938 and purchased within a year by the Orleans Levee Board. The Levee Board first designated this section as a swimming area in the lake for "colored" New Orleanians, then built out additional land in the lake for the amusement park to be built on. The park was similar to the then "whites only" Pontchartrain Beach amusement park, only on a smaller scale. It featured various rides, games, restaurants, a swimming pool in addition to lake swimming, and frequent live music performances. In the last decade, Fats Domino, Nat King Cole, The Neville Brothers, and more performed there.

Pontchartrain Beach was desegregated in 1964 and the city stopped taking care of Lincoln Beach and it soon fell into disrepair and closed in 1965.

Although there have been various proposals to redevelop the Lincoln Beach site, the decaying ruins of the park have remained vacant for decades. The history of Lincoln Beach is recounted in the book, The Land Was Ours: African American Beaches from Jim Crow to the Sunbelt South (published by Harvard University Press, 2012).

In 2020, Reggie Ford, a New Orleans artist, began cleaning up the beach. Others, like Sage Michael, have joined the clean-up effort. The beach is currently clean and being used by the community with several hundred visitors on the average weekend. New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell started her own assessment of the usability of the beach and has stated she finds the beach to be unsafe in its current state. Councilmember Cyndi Nguyen is supporting the project.

References

Kahrl, Andrew W, The Land Was Ours: African American Beaches from Jim Crow to the Sunbelt South (Harvard University Press, 2012)

External links

Amusement parks in New Orleans
Defunct amusement parks in Louisiana
20th century in New Orleans
1939 establishments in Louisiana
1965 disestablishments in Louisiana
Amusement parks opened in 1939
Amusement parks closed in 1965

Lincoln Beach amusement park


Navaneetham Padmanabha Seshadri, popularly known as N. P. Sheshadri, was an Indian musicologist, scholar, administrator and the founder secretary of National Cultural Organization. He was known for his services for the promotion of Indian culture and heritage. Seshadri was honored by the Government of India, in 2002, with the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri

Biography
Navaneetham Padmanabha Seshadri was born in a Tamil Brahmin family to N. S. Padmanabha Ayengar and Lakshmi Sundari at Kandiyur in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu on 2 January 1929. He graduated in commerce (BCom) and continued his education to secure a doctoral degree (PhD). His career started in 1949 by joining the Ministry of Commerce and Industry where he, later, became the economic investigator, a first time appointment by the Planning Commission of India, in 1950. He stayed in that post till 1953 during which time he was involved in organizing exhibitions related to the five year plan under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. In 1953, he was transferred to the National Cooperative Development Warehousing Board for a three year term and in 1956 to 1957, he worked at the Publicity and Information Division of the Planning Commission. In 1958, he was appointed as the deputy director of the Song and Drama Division of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.

1968, he moved to the Cultural, Protocol and Trade Promotion Division as a joint director and in 1972, he took charge of the Asia '72, present day India Trade Promotion Organization, event of the Ministry of Commerce where he stayed till 1975. The next two years were spent at Planning Commission as a deputy director and in 1977, he was appointed as the joint development commissioner of the Handlooms Export Promotion Council (HEPC) under the Ministry of Commerce, a post he held till hs retirement from the government service. Seshadri served as the cultural advisor to the Trade Fair Authority for Agri Expo of 1977. He was the secretary of All India Music Society during 1949-50, was a member of the Bharati Centenary Celebration Committee in 1979 and was involved in the organization of Handloom Pavilion in Moscow in 1978.

Seshadri was known for his efforts for the promotion of Indian culture and heritage. He founded the National Cultural Organization (NCO) in 1950, inaugurated by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. Under the aegis of this organization, he organized many cultural festivals in Delhi, such as the Tansen Festival, Thyagaraja Festival, Purandaradasa Festival and Bharati Festival. His contributions have been reported in popularizing Indian handloom. During his tenure as the joint development commissioner of HEPC, he introduced the Janata Sari and Janata Dhoti, selling the garments through HEPC outlets, at 15 (0.30) apiece. His efforts were also reported behind the drive to popularize Indian tea during his stint as the director of the Tea Promotion Council; his presentation of a packet of Indian tea to Lady Diana have been written about by the media.

Seshadri died on 16 November 2009, aged 81, succumbing to old age illnesses, leaving behind his wife, Sakuntala, two sons, N. S. Parthasarathy and N. S. Padmanabhan, and daughter Raji Gopalan.

Awards and recognitions
Seshadri received Maya Award from the Guild of Architects in 1978 and the first Mian Tansen Award from the Dhrupad Society in 1979, followed by other awards such as Tyagaraja Award, Ashoka Mayur Award, National Handloom Award and Asian Cultural Award. He is also a recipient of Hakim Khan Suri Award, Rashtriya Ekta Award, Kalai Kavalan Award, Puradaradasa Award and Guruvayur Elephant Award. The Government of India honoured Seshadri in 2002 with the civilian award of Padma Shri.

See also

 Musicology

References

External links

Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
1929 births
2009 deaths
Indian musicologists
Musicians from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian musicians
20th-century musicologists

Navaneetham Padmanabha Seshadri


Leo Gestel (11 November 1881, Woerden – 26 November 1941, Hilversum) was a Dutch painter. His father Willem Gestel was also an artist. Leo Gestel experimented with cubism, expressionism, futurism and postimpressionism. Along with Piet Mondrian and Jan Sluyters he was among the leading artists of Dutch modernism.

Life

Gestel was first instructed in art by his father, Willem Gestel, the director of an art school, and his uncle, Dimmen Gestel, who had painted with Vincent van Gogh. Due to financial problems Gestel created advertisements (e.g. for Philips) for illustrated books.

While in Paris he came in contact with the avant-garde movement. In 1913 Herwarth Walden offered him the chance to exhibit work in the "Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon" in Berlin. Generally Gestel spent the summer in Bergen, where he joined the Bergen School. In 1929 the majority of his works were lost when a fire destroyed his studio; he then moved to Blaricum.

Public collections
 Stedelijk Museum Alkmaar, Alkmaar
 Drents Museum, Assen
 Museum De Hallen, Haarlem
 Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem
 Singer Laren, Laren
 Kröller-Müller museum, Otterlo
 Museum van Bommel van Dam, Venlo
 Museum de Fundatie in Zwolle

References
 Trappeniers, Maureen S. "Gestel, Leo." In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, (accessed February 3, 2012; subscription required).
Leo gestel in the RKD

External links

 Entry for Leo Gestel on the Union List of Artist Names
 More information on artfacts.net.
 Leo Gestel on ArtCyclopedia

1881 births
1941 deaths
Dutch painters
Dutch male painters
Cubist artists
Modern painters
Expressionist painters
Post-impressionist painters
People from Woerden

Leo Gestel


Brian James Hillery (22 November 1937 – 19 January 2021) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and finance executive. He was a Senator from 1977 to 1982, 1983 to 1989 and 1992 to 1997 and a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency from 1989 to 1992. He was born in Spanish Point, County Clare, Ireland.

Hillery died in Dublin on 19 January 2021, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
Irish politicians

Brian Hillery


SD Gundam Force Emaki Musharetsuden Bukabuka Hen is a sequel to the SD Gundam Mushamaruden series. Like its predecessor, the manga was released alongside a promotional series of gunpla making it the first SD Gundam manga to be specifically overseen by Sunrise. The series also has a single volume prequel that was released later titled SD Gundam Force Emaki Musharetsuden Zero.
The Comic BomBom stories were published in 18 chapters on 3 volumes, with each volume containing 6 chapters.

Plot
The actual story is a revival of the very first Musha Gundam storyline focusing on Ark's "Seven of Light" defenders, seven brave Musha Gundams who defend the land of Ark by order of the Shogundam. This basic story was presented in Musha Retsuden Zero, whilst Musha Retsuden was set a few years later. Just about all of the legendary defenders have fathered sons and are training them to one day assume their father's roles.

After the war against Yamikoutei (闇皇帝), Ark is ruled by evil forces. Descendants of the Seven of Light defenders scattered across the land, in search of the Bukabuka (武化舞可) armour that can bring peace to the world.  One day, when Retsumaru's family was threatened, a sword from the armour set appeared in front of Retsumaru, and so the story began...

Volume 1- Years ago, the forces of good and evil met in a climactic battle. Now, Ark is ruled by various tyrannical warriors. Retsumaru, son of the legendary hero Rekka Musha Gundam, sets out to form a new band of heroes and restore Ark's former glory.
Volume 2- Uniting with their fathers, the new generation of defenders prepare to strike the final blow against the demonic warlord Capiturn.
Volume 3- With the defeat of Capiturn, the young defenders have gone their separate ways. However, Retsumaru soon becomes aware of an even greater danger. Matured by his adventures, Retsumaru must launch a covert mission into the heart of enemy territory.

This form of the storyline was backed up by a model kit line which featured all of the fathers and sons, as well as their Mobile Musha secret weapon. Each of the kits had elements of interchangeable armour, with a story point being that one certain combination gave the central father and son pair a Dai-Shogun form. This form itself was released as the final kit of the line, based on how it appeared in Gundam Evolve 14.

The instructions for the model kits also presented a full colour manga side story. This sidestory, despite using elements from the main manga, appears to conflict with it, most notably in the portrayal of characters. The sidestory was primarily used to show the gimmicks of the kits (such as armour changing) in action in a story setting. Additionally, some of the kits had brief 4-panel humour comics on the bottom of their boxes. These comics made reference to events happening in the main manga story.

Characters

Team Rekka (烈火隊)

 Shōnen-Musha Retsumaru (少年武者 烈丸) - Son of the legendary Rekka-Musha Gundam with very bushy eyebrows. After the family had been exiled, Retsumaru has been trained by his mother with a heavy wooden bat, seeing weapons were banned.  Upon facing his first real threat, the large Bukabuka No Goutou (號刀) sword was crafted from flames in his hand and with it a magical living phoenix scabbard. Somewhat cocky and arrogant, Retsumaru becomes leader of a new generation of defenders. After the successful defeat of Capiturn, Retsumaru becomes aware of a greater villain who abducts his teammates which leaves him to rescue them.  During this period he becomes a big brother/father figure to the mysterious child Saizo.  He is also a fan of baseball.
 Character based:  Impulse Gundam, Strike Freedom Gundam (Combined Buka Buka Weapon system), Sword Impulse Gundam (Repair Retsu Maru),  Destiny Gundam (Moda shou Retsu maru).
 Goutou (號刀) - The sentient sheath of Retsumaru's sword, he gives advice to the young Musha during the adventure, but is also used for other purposes.  The sword also includes a knife (炎の小刀(ほむらのしょうとう)) on the sheath, designed for the wielder who has yet to achieve the power to unsheathe the sword. While Retsu is not able to unsheathe the Goutou for a long time, he does find other ways and means to use it, such as the Karamitsuki Mode and making the scabbard spit flames at enemies.

 Jimusuke (自無助) - Retsumaru's best friend and squire, he joins his friend on his travels.  As a running gag, he is often shown to be as ineffective as the GM mobile suits he is based on.  However, he eventually proves his worth when he is able to bring the various children together to lend their power to Retsumaru. He attempted to later join Retsumaru on his covert mission into Barzam Shogun's fortress but was refused, reuniting with his friend when the mission was over.
 Character based: GM Quel.
Shōnen-Kenshi Ranmaru (少年剣士 嵐丸) - Son of Zeta. A pretty boy, Ranmaru initially meets Retsumaru whilst under the employ of Ebirhu. When Ebirhu orders him to murder innocent civilians, Ranmaru realises his mistake and joins up with Retsumaru and Jimusuke. Despite the legendary teamwork of their fathers, the two boys often engage in rivalry. Ranmaru is the guardian of the Bukabuka No Hatou (覇兜) helmet, which grants him the power of flight.
 Character Based: Gundam TR -1 Hazel Custom.
Shōnen-Hoshi Kirimaru (少年法師 霧丸) - Adopted son of Nu. He greatly respects his somewhat over-protective father and struggles to live up to his legacy. When he is extremely angered, however, he is possessed by a dragon spirit which goes ballistic on everything in sight (This happens once only). Kirimaru is plagued by self-doubt, often relying on Retsumaru to build up his confidence. He wields the Bukabuka No Tenyoku fan, which splits into powerful Fin Funnels to attack. Ironically, Kirimaru and Nu are probably the pair which have one of the most demonstrative father-son relationships.
 Character Based: Xi Gundam, Hi Nu Gundam (With Funnel) .
Younen-Gunshi Ikazuchimaru (幼年軍師 雷丸) - Son of Double Zeta. Although only roughly toddler age, his father has built him a powerful set of armour which can combine with his motorized tricycle in various ways and even combine with the armour of his father. Ikazuchimaru uses his youth to mislead enemies into a false sense of security. He is one of the first to realise Jimusuke's hidden potential and pressures him to show it, and does not reveal his identity as a powerful strategist until the final battle.
 Character based: Deep strikers.
Shōnen-Ninja Kakuremaru (少年忍者 隠丸) - Trained in the ninja arts like his father, he often uses these abilities to play tricks on others. He is the guardian of the Bukabuka No Shunkyaku, gigantic shoes which enable him to crush most enemies. His hiding techniques are very basic and obvious, but seem to work against enemies. For most of the series he referred to his Bukabuka-armed form as the "Ally of Justice Veiled in Mystery" and refused to acknowledge that it was he under the disguise.
 Character based: Gaplant TR -5 [ Hrairoo ] (Masked mode), Perfect Gundam III (Unmasked).
Susamaru (鬼面武者 凄丸) - Son of Gyakubatsu and wielder of the Bukabuka No Tekken, gigantic arm extensions. Gyakubatsu and his son are from a line of musha that also possess 'the blood of ogres'. To combat this, Gyakubatsu left his family very early and left his son an ogre-mask to rein in his aggressive nature. The measures did not work and Susamaru was taken over by the ogre-mask, becoming a single-minded machine of destruction, bent only on collecting all the Bukabuka and defeating his father. Susamaru is only able to see the truth and forgive his father after he has died.
 Character based: Crossbone Gundam X1 kai.
Saizo/Blank Form 0 (斎造/素体0) - A robot resembling a young Musha, it is perhaps the most lifelike of Mk II Titan's creations and is required to control the Tekki Musha Psyco Mk-II. Whilst being secretly transported, the convoy delivering it is attacked by Retsumaru. As Retsumaru is the first thing it sees, Saizo imprints on Retsumaru as father.  Saizo can transform into weapons for use by Retsumaru, and is able to summon ancient war machines with a flute. The war machines later become part of Psyco Mk II's body.
In Comic World version, Saizo was a product of Psyco (斎胡) and Crystal Phoenix (結晶鳳凰), raised by Noomaru.
 Character based: Gundam TR - 6 [ Wound Wort],  Gundam TR -6 Hyzen thlay II Rah (With Crystal phoenix/ Plamo only) .
Moudashou Retsumaru (猛打将烈丸(もうだしょうれつまる)) - A form taken by Retsumaru when Saizo transformed into an armour.the form based ZGMF - X42A Destiny Gundam.

Seven of Light (光の七人衆)

Rekka-Musha Gundam (烈火武者頑駄無) - A famed hero of Ark who vanished during the last war.  At the start of Retsumaru's quest,  Rekka returned to life briefly in a borrowed body. He then appears whenever possible to aid his son and allies.

Rekka Gundam Dai-Shogun (烈火頑駄無大将軍) - When Retsumaru's own powers proves ineffective against Capiturn, Jimusuke gathers the others to lend their Bukabuka weapons in the form of a new set of armour which allows Retsumaru to combine their abilities with his own. Later, Rekka briefly wields this power as well.

Hurricane Swordsman Zeta (疾風剣豪 精太) - Trusted friend of Rekka and leader of a powerful force of horsemen. Zeta is always ready to use his skills to defend his country.
Dragon Monk Nu (龍神導師 仁宇) - Nu carries a glaive into battle but usually prefers to merge with his dragon spirit.
Hot-blooded Mechanic Double Zeta (剛熱機械師 駄舞留精太) - A budding inventor, he has produced a set of advanced armour for himself which includes a powerful cannon and also serves as inventor and mechanic for the Seven.
Covert Ninja Noomaru(隠密忍者 農丸) - A ninja warrior, Noomaru has seen the biggest change from his original design and now has a distinctive yin yang inspired black and white armour. He fights with a ninja star, each blade housing a different weapon. Noomaru wears an eyepatch over his right eye. The model kit implies this is just a bluff to fool enemies and that he has two healthy eyes. Rekka Musha Gundam's younger brother.
Soaring Hunter Mk II (天翔狩人 摩亜屈)- Seemingly the only warrior not to have fathered a son, Mk II hides a great secret...
Black Cavalryman (黒の騎兵) - A mysterious horse-mounted swordsman who provides aid to Retsumaru during his infiltration of Barzam Shogun's fortress.
AEUG (天翔狩人 衛有吾) - Black Cavalryman's true identity, younger sibling to Soaring Hunter Mk II and twin brother of Titan Mk II. He has taken it upon himself to bring his twin to justice.

Mecha Musha Psyco (鉄機武者 斎胡) - Having received great damage in the last war, Psyco is later revived as a mindless servant of Barzam Shogun. However, when the emotional bond between Saizo and Retsumaru broke Barzam's control, Psyco emerged from Psyco MK-II. After the war against Yami Jashin, Psyco's old data was used to resurrect the old musha.

Others

Kishiria (貴紫利亜) - Wife to Rekka and mother to Retsumaru, Kishiria has mostly raised her son by herself. However, she remains loyal to her husband and has raised her son to follow in his father's footsteps. With a tough attitude, she is perhaps the only person Retsumaru fears.
Mobile Musha Rekka Dai Hagane (機動武者 烈火大鋼) - A large mechanical Gundam left in a lake, Retsumaru is led to it to use in his battles against Musha Turn A's gigantic land battleships.
Ball (暴留(ボール)) Gundam army's infantry soldier.

Evil Musha army (邪悪武者軍団)

Capiturn Kyo (カピターン卿) - The initial main villain of the story, he draws power from evil spirits to launch his plans to conquer Ark. Initially portrayed as somewhat comical, he shows his true deadliness in a one-on-one battle against Retsumaru.
Gyakubatsu (抜刀武者 逆伐(ギャクバツ))/Musha X (武者鋭駆主(ムシャエックス)) - Capiturn's most trusted general, he is a descendant of demons.

In Hobby Japan version, Gyakubatsu is a descendant of Musha Gundam Mark-III (武者頑駄無真悪参).
Zirah (格闘士 勢羅) -
Jabaco (妖術使い 邪覇呼) - Killed by Rekka-Musha Gundam.
Bertigo (操術士 鈴程呼(べるてぃご)) - The only female general in the army. She can reanimate dead units. Revived unit has bell on its head.
Zans (斬首(ザンス)) - Jabaco's regular soldier.
Muzo (無象(ムゾー)) - Zirah's regular soldier. A cone-shaped robot half the height of regular SD unit, with 3 eyes in triangular formation. The name came from the term '有象無象', or mob.
Jenice (銭集(ゼニス)) - Bertigo's foot soldier wearing coned hat and wield spanner.
Dautap (導太夫(ドータップ)) - Bertigo's foot soldier.
Giros (魏呂須(ギロス)) - Zirah's henchman, and Retsumaru's first opponent.
Ebirhu (蝦流(エビル)) - Zirah's henchman, and Retsumaru's second opponent. Ranmaru followed Ebirhu until Retsumaru challenged Ebirhu second time.
Shy-Tarn (射威耽(シャイターン)) - Jabaco's henchman. Deputy captain of the investigation team. Its body is filled with eyeballs.  Shy-Tarn hid in the haunted house visited by Retsumaru, Jimusuke, Ranmaru. Shy-Tarn was killed by Retsumaru and Ranmaru.
Sandhoge (参胴珠(サンドージュ)) - Jabaco's henchman and captain of the investigation team, possessing a centipede-like body. It appear in the rubble after the death of Shy-Tarn. It was killed by Rekka-Musha Gundam.
Jenicus (銭数(ゼニカズ)) - Bertigo's henchman.
Septem (接点(セッテン)) - Bertigo's henchman.

Mecha Musha army (鉄機武者軍団)

Barzam Shogun (刃斬武将軍) - A powerful warlord who has experimented in creating artificial Musha Gundam soldiers. His armour hides a great secret...
Titan (逞鍛) - Barzam's Shogun true identity and younger sibling to Soaring Hunter Mk II. He reveals his true form upon encountering his other twin sibling, AEUG. According to Titan, the original Mark II (his elder brother) died long ago fighting another war. However, the people afterwards did not remember his sacrifice and continued to bicker and create unrest. Deeply distressed, Titan was touched by the darkness and came to the conclusion that emotions create unrest, and the perfect world is one ruled by emotionless machines. He infiltrated the Seven of Light under his brother's former title whilst working covertly under his Barzam disguise.

Psyco MK-II (鉄機武者 砕虎魔悪屈) - Once a member of the Seven of Light, Barzam Shogun took Psyco's damaged body and rebuilt it to be his most deadly robotic warrior. However, it requires Saizo to operate.
In the Comic World version of the story, Psyco MK-IIs are a mass production unit (量産型巨大鉄機・砕虎摩亜屈).

Marasai (魔羅斎) - The leader of the transport that carried Saizo.
The 3 Sharp Point Brothers (尖裏三兄弟(とんがりさんきょうだい)) - The 3 brothers Hambrabi (反斧羅尾), Himbrabi (貧斧羅尾), Humbrabi (粉斧羅尾) worked for Barzam to uncover ancient weapons, and specialized in using their sharp heads as weapons.  However, their schemes tend to backfire.  When Barzam revealed his plan to replace citizens in Ark with machines, the brothers changed sides to fight against the mass-produced machines.

Others

Yamijashin (闇邪神)- The force of evil given physical form by the creation of a copy Armour of Buka Buka by Barzam Shogun. He hopes to make this creation his most powerful minion but the powerful Yamijashin refuses. Realising the danger he has unleashed on Ark, Titan Mk II self-destructs in a failed attempt to destroy the monster. Without Retsumaru's sword, the Bukabuka armour is incomplete, and unable to keep the armour. Yamijashin was sealed away by Daishogun.
 Character based:gundam TR -6 Psycho inle

Model kits

Bandai released a full line of model kits based on the manga within the long running BB Senshi model kit line. In contrast to the earlier Musha Maruden series, a fair number of Gundams in the story did not receive model kits. In cases where such a character contributed to the Dai-Shogun armour, their contribution was given to another character. Specifically, a lack of kits for Kakuremaru and Susamaru saw their Bukabuka given to Double Zeta. Hobby Japan's SD Gundam World mook revealed that kits were designed for the two characters but not released. This small number of kits extends to the series releasing a single kit of the main character Retsumaru, in contrast to earlier series releasing multiple kits of the lead Gundam. At least one of his later forms was designed to at least be achievable using parts from the other kits. Also scrapped were more gimmicks for Kirimaru (including a pet dragon, a bird-like mask similar to Barzam Shogun's and a Base Jabber sled) and more armour for Retsumaru which seemed to imply he would grow up to be the First Gundam Dai-Shogun seen in Musha Senki.

This model kit series is also the second time a BB senshi Musha Gundam model series printed with Romanized names.  Previously, Romanized Musha Gundam names were used on models based on the first SD Sengokuden series, running from BB #23 (MUSHA Z GUNDAM) to BB #41 (SHŌ GUNDAM), and also a limited box set which included BB #113, #158, #232 .  Romanized names were included with BB models 265-278.

In 2009, a new series titled BB Senshi Sengokuden Bushin Kourin was announced. The series will reuse molds from this line with additional parts to make the Gundams resemble actual historical samurai such as Takeda Shingen. Most of the kits will also come with a Ball or Zako soldier. Coming at the same time as the similar Sangokuden Sidestory, the line is likely a response to the Late-2000s recession. Although designs for ZZ and Psyco were shown in initial announcements (in addition to GM soldiers, using the Sangokuden GM designs as a basis), no such kits have been released as of April 2010. The line instead opted to reuse two unrelated Dai-Shogun kits from previous BB Senshi Musha Gundam series.

BB #265- Retsumaru (Can be converted between normal mode and battle mode.)
BB #267- Rekka Musha Gundam (Removable armour, which can be placed on Retsumaru.)
BB #270- Ranmaru (Removable armour.)
BB #271- Musha Zeta (Removable armour, which can be placed on Ranmaru. Can combine with horse. Additionally, Ranmaru's chest armour can be placed on horse.)
BB #274- Kirimaru (Removable shoulder armour.)
BB #275- Musha Nu (Removable armour, some of which can be placed on Kirimaru. Can combine with dragon. Additionally, can wear Kirimaru's shoulder 'wings'.)
BB #277- Ikazuchimaru (Basic figure can be armoured up in various ways.)
BB #278- Musha Double Zeta (Removable armour. Armour can combine separately to make a tank. Additionally, can combine with Ikazuchimaru to make a larger armour vehicle.)
BB #279- Onmitsu (Removable armour. Large ninja star which can assume many forms, with each blade holding a different weapon. Additionally, can wear Rekka Musha Gundam's armour to disguise himself as him.)
BB #282- Musha Mk II (Removable armour. Can form an eagle like form. Contains parts to be built as either the good or evil Mk II.)
BB #283- Mobile Musha Rekka Dai Hagane (Large Musha-styled robot. Can be transformed between Mobile Musha and statue. Retsumaru or the included pilot can sit in the chest. Various weapons can be used by other kits in the series. Additionally, armour from other kits in the series can combine with it.)[Note: This kit is in fact a re-release of an earlier kit with some additional parts to give better proportions. The parts of both versions are intentionally included, with the instructions implying the unused characters/elements maybe connected to the unit's original use]
BB #284- Tekki Musha Psyco (Can be transformed into various forms. Can be built as good or evil Psyco.)
BB #286- Dai-Shogun Evolve Version (Can be built as new sculpt basic Rekka Musha Gundam or as golden armoured Dai-Shogun. Basic form can wear the armour from BB #267.)

See also
Musha Retsuden Official Site (Japanese)
Musharetsuden dictionary

Gundam Force Emaki
Shōnen manga

SD Gundam Force Emaki Musharetsuden


The 55th New Brunswick Legislative Assembly was created following a general election in 2003 and was dissolved on August 18, 2006.

Leadership

The speaker from its first meeting until February 14, 2006 was Bev Harrison who had served as speaker in the 54th Assembly as well.  Harrison resigned from the post to join the cabinet.

Michael Malley was elected speaker by acclamation on March 28, 2006 and served in that role until the assembly was dissolved.

Premier Bernard Lord led the government for the whole of the life of the assembly.

Shawn Graham led the opposition for the whole of the life of the assembly.

From its forming to her resignation on October 13, 2005, Elizabeth Weir led the third party New Democrats.  Following her resignation, the New Democrats were no longer represented in the assembly.

Members

All were elected in the 35th general election held on June 9, 2003 except for Victor Boudreau who was elected in a by-election on October 4, 2004 and Ed Doherty who was elected in a by-election on November 14, 2005.

The standings were changed further on January 13, 2006, when Frank Branch left the Liberal caucus to sit as an independent; and on February 17, 2006, when then Progressive Conservative MLA Michael Malley crossed the floor to sit as an independent thus putting Bernard Lord's government into a minority situation.  Malley, while serving as speaker, changed his affiliation back to Progressive Conservative on April 13, 2006.  Some controversy arose following this as following the 2003 election, the House unanimously passed a motion requiring the Opposition Liberals to pair a member with the speaker during meetings of committees of the whole in order to maintain the government majority in such situations.  The Opposition argued that there was no precedent for a speaker to cross the floor and therefore, they did not recognize that a majority government existed and would not honour this motion under the circumstances.  The House voted on May 30, 2006 to express confidence in the Speaker and therefore, implicitly, approve of his change of affiliation.  From that date forward, the Liberals accepted Malley as a Progressive Conservative.

Members at dissolution

Bold denotes a member of the cabinet.
Italics denotes a party leader
† denotes the Speaker

Former members

Bernard Richard, a Liberal first elected in the 1991 election, represented Shediac-Cap-Pelé from the formation of the assembly until his resignation on November 26, 2003.
Elizabeth Weir, a New Democrat first elected in the 1991 election, represented Saint John Harbour from the formation of the assembly until her resignation on October 13, 2005.

See also
2003 New Brunswick general election
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick

References
 Elections in New Brunswick 1984–2006, Elections New Brunswick (pdf)

Terms of the New Brunswick Legislature
2003 establishments in New Brunswick
2006 disestablishments in New Brunswick

55th New Brunswick Legislature


Noble Winfield Threewitt (February 24, 1911 – September 17, 2010) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse trainer who conditioned horses for seventy-five years before retiring on his ninety-sixth birthday. The city of Arcadia, California, home to Santa Anita Racetrack, declared February 24, 2007, to be "Noble Threewitt Day."

Born in Benton, Illinois, Threewitt grew up in a small town where his father worked as a bookkeeper for a coal company. Introduced to horse racing at county fairgrounds, in his teens he rode in a few races in Kansas City but soon weight gain ended his days as a jockey. In 1932 he embarked on a career as a professional trainer at Agua Caliente Racetrack in Tijuana, Mexico. At age twenty-one, he was the youngest licensed American trainer at that time. At Agua Caliente Racetrack, Threewitt saddled his first winner in 1932 and was on hand when the great Australian champion Phar Lap came that year to win the Agua Caliente Handicap.

A year after Noble Threewitt became a trainer, he met and married Beryl Buck, the daughter of fellow trainer, William D. Buck. When Santa Anita Park was built in Arcadia, California, Threewitt was there for the opening day in 1934. He would also be on hand to witness the opening of four other major California racetracks: Hollywood Park (1938), Del Mar Racetrack (1937), Bay Meadows Racetrack (1934), and Golden Gate Fields (1941) as well as for the opening of Longacres Racetrack and Emerald Downs in the state of Washington.

A permanent fixture in California racing, except for a few years in the 1930s when he trained in New York for John D. Hertz, Threewitt won training titles at Hollywood Park in 1959, 1960 and 1961, and at Golden Gate Fields in 1970. In April 1954, he won with nine consecutive starters at Tanforan Racetrack in San Bruno, California.

The best horse Noble Threewitt conditioned was Correlation with which he won the 1954 Florida Derby and Wood Memorial Stakes. The betting favorite in the Kentucky Derby, in what Churchill Downs describes as one of the roughest Derbys ever run, the colt finished sixth to winner Determine then earned a second-place result behind Hasty Road in the Preakness Stakes.

On April 22, 2006, at age 95, Noble Threewitt became the oldest trainer to win a race in North America when Threeatonce, owned by grandson Chris Chinnici, won a maiden claiming race at Santa Anita Park. On his February 24, 2007, birthday, Threewitt officially retired as a trainer having won more than 2,000 races.

A long-time friend of trainer Charlie Whittingham, in 1993 Hollywood Park Racetrack named its new Horsemen's Lounge in their honor.

Humanitarian work
While working as a trainer, Noble Threewitt also devoted a great deal of time to helping others in the racing industry. Trainer Warren Stute told reporter Julie Sarno of the Del Mar Times newspaper  that "Noble [Threewitt] has done more for the grooms and backstretch workers than all of us put together."

Profoundly affected by the separation of his parents while still a young boy, he has always empathized with those in need. He served six terms as president of the California Horsemen's Benevolent Association whose functions include the providing of free medical and dental benefits for stable workers and their families at a Santa Anita clinic. In 2004, Santa Anita Park renamed its backstretch medical facility the Noble Threewitt Health Center.

In 2005, Noble Threewitt was the recipient of Hollywood Park's Laffit Pincay Jr. Award, given annually to someone who has served the sport of Thoroughbred racing with integrity, extraordinary dedication, determination, and distinction.

Residents of Covina, California, Noble and Beryl Threewitt celebrated their seventy-seventh year of marriage in 2010. Beryl died on July 12, 2010, at age 98. Noble died two months later at an assisted living facility in West Covina, California.

References

1911 births
2010 deaths
American horse trainers
American humanitarians
People from Benton, Illinois
Sportspeople from California
Activists from California

Noble Threewitt


Roger G. Walker, FRSC, MMR is a geologist and an award-winning emeritus professor at McMaster University.

Walker obtained his D.Phil. from Oxford University. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Johns Hopkins University. For 32 years, he taught at McMaster University. In 1998, Walker left McMaster to be a consultant in Calgary.

In 2013, Walker achieved the title of Master Model Railroader from the National Model Railroad Association.

Honours
 made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
 made an honorary member of Society of Sedimentary Geology

Awards
 1975, awarded the Past Presidents' Medal by the Geological Association of Canada
 1990, awarded the R. J. W. Douglas Medal by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists
 1999, awarded the Logan Medal by the Geological Association of Canada
 awarded the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal by the Society of Sedimentary Geology
 awarded the Henry Clifton Sorby Medal by the International Association of Sedimentologists
 awarded the Distinguished Educator Award by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists

References

Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Canadian geologists
Johns Hopkins University fellows
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Academic staff of McMaster University
Logan Medal recipients
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people

Roger G. Walker


MMB-2201 (also known as 5F-MMB-PICA, 5F-AMB-PICA, and I-AMB) is a potent indole-3-carboxamide based synthetic cannabinoid, which has been sold as a designer drug and as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis blends. It was first reported in Russia and Belarus in January 2014, but has since been sold in a number of other countries. In the United States, MMB-2201 was identified in Drug Enforcement Administration drug seizures for the first time in 2018.

MMB-2201 is the indole core analogue of 5F-AMB. Synthetic cannabinoid compounds with an indole-3-carboxamide or indazole-3-carboxamide core bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonyl group with attached isopropyl or tert-butyl substituent, have proved to be much more dangerous than older synthetic cannabinoid compounds previously reported, and have been linked to many deaths in Russia, Japan, Europe and the United States.

Legality
MMB-2201 is illegal in Russia, Belarus and Sweden.

See also
 5F-AB-PINACA
 5F-ADB
 MDMB-CHMICA
 MDMB-CHMINACA
 MDMB-FUBINACA

References

Indoles
Cannabinoids
Designer drugs
Organofluorides
Indolecarboxamides

MMB-2201


Laurence Dworet, M.D. (usually just credited as Laurence Dworet) is an American screenwriter.

In 1990, he and his writing partner Robert Roy Pool sold their spec screenplay The Ultimatum for $500,000 against $1,000,000 if a film was made. It was the story of terrorists who plant an atomic bomb in an American city and threaten nuclear devastation unless their demands are met. Steven Spielberg described it as one of the three most exciting scripts he had ever read and was going to direct it, but the script became bogged-down in endless rewrites.

Using his medical background, Dworet and Pool wrote the screenplay for Outbreak which they sold to producer Arnold Kopelson for $250,000 as he wanted a rival virus picture to Fox's Crisis in the Hot Zone. Kopelson then paid Ted Tally $500,000 to rewrite the script.

An interview with Dworet can be found in William Froug's book The New Screenwriter Looks at the New Screenwriter.

References

External links

American male screenwriters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Laurence Dworet


The hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 649 was an act of terrorism committed by a Palestinian group that took place between 22 and 23 February 1972. Eventually, all hostages on board the seized Boeing 747-230B were released when the West German government paid a ransom of US$5 million.

Hijacking

Flight 649 was a scheduled Lufthansa service on the Tokyo-Hong Kong-Bangkok-Delhi-Athens-Frankfurt route, which was operated once a week, leaving Tokyo-Haneda Airport on Monday afternoons and arriving at Frankfurt Airport the next morning. On Tuesday, 22 February 1972, the Boeing 747-200 serving the flight (registered D-ABYD) was hijacked by five men who were armed with guns and explosives. The initial assault happened at around 1:00 a.m., half an hour after the aircraft with 172 other passengers and 15 crew members had departed Delhi-Palam Airport in Delhi bound for Ellinikon International Airport in Athens.

It was later determined that the perpetrators, who identified themselves as Organisation for Resisting Zionist Persecution were commandeered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and had boarded the flight at different airports, one at Hong Kong-Kai Tak, two at Bangkok-Don Muang, and two at Delhi-Palam.

Initially, the pilot was ordered to land the 747 at an unprepared airstrip in the Arabian Desert. Once the hijackers learned that the Lufthansa crew considered such a manoeuvre to be too dangerous, they agreed on heading to Aden International Airport instead, in what was then South Yemen. Once having landed there, all women and children among the passengers were released, as well as one female flight attendant.

A few hours after the hijacking had commenced, a note was received at the Lufthansa headquarters in Cologne: the aircraft would be blown up by 9:00 a.m. on the following day if a ransom of US$5 million had not been paid by then. The handing-over was to take place near Beirut, according to the detailed instructions on the note. The West German government (at the time, Lufthansa was a state-owned company) decided to fully comply with the demands, without any bargaining.

On 23 February, once the hijackers had been informed that the ransom had indeed been paid, the male passengers (among them Joseph Kennedy, the then 19-year-old son of Robert F. Kennedy) were allowed to leave the hijacked aircraft and board the Boeing 707 Lufthansa had flown to Aden to pick them up with, but this aircraft also had to stay on the ground for another three hours. The remaining 14 Lufthansa crew members remained as hostages inside the jumbo jet, and were eventually released in the evening.

Though it was planned to keep the exact amount of money secret in order to not attract copycats, the sum was disclosed to the public on 25 February by Georg Leber, then Federal Minister for Transport. According to a spokesman of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), at that time this marked the biggest ransom ever paid for an aircraft.

Aftermath and political background

Once all hostages of Flight 649 were set free, the hijackers surrendered to the South Yemeni authorities. On 27 February, they were released again without having been charged with any criminal offenses, likely in exchange for $1 million of the ransom. Thus, the perpetrators could never be reliably identified. West German news magazine Der Spiegel speculated that the remainder of the ransom had been used by the PFLP to fund the Japanese attackers responsible for the Lod Airport massacre, which took place on 30 May 1972.

The hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 649 marked the first such event in the history of the airline and the beginning of a series of Palestinian acts of violence involving West Germany during 1972, most notably the hostage crisis during the Munich Summer Olympics and the subsequent hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 615. Israel claimed that by complying with the demands of the attackers in all of those events, the West German government had "surrendered to terrorism". This accusation was combined with allegations of appeasement efforts towards the Arab–Israeli conflict. In 1977, when Lufthansa Flight 181 (the Landshut) was hijacked, the Germans stormed it with special forces of GSG 9, rather than negotiating with the Palestinian hijackers.

References

Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747
Aviation accidents and incidents in Yemen
Aircraft hijackings
Hostage taking
649
Aviation accidents and incidents in 1972
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1972
Attacks on aircraft by Palestinian militant groups
1972 in Germany
1972 in South Yemen
February 1972 events in Europe
Terrorist incidents in Yemen
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacks

Lufthansa Flight 649


Kizhakke Potta Kesava Menon (1 September 1886 – 9 November 1978) was a patriot, idealist and Indian independence activist. Menon was the founder of Mathrubhumi, a popular daily newspaper which earned the second place in circulation in Kerala. In 1924, he led the Vaikom Satyagraha in Travancore. He was awarded the third highest civilian honour, Padma Bhushan, by the Government of India in 1966. He was conferred with an honorary doctorate (D.Litt) posthumously by University of Calicut in 1987.

Early life
He was born in Tharoor village of Palghat as the son of Naduviledathil Bheemanachan and Meenakshi Amma. He graduated in Arts from Madras University and Bar-at-law from Middle Temple.

Activism
After his education, he became the secretary of Malabar Home rule League. He joined the Indian National Congress in 1915 and served as the secretary of the Malabar branch of the Home Rule League after setting up practice in Calicut. He was a member of the Home Rule League under Annie Besant which proceeded to London to present a memorandum to the Secretary of State in 1917. He also wrote a dozen of books and collections of essays. In 1919, in Madras he organised sweepers and rikshaw drivers.  He was among the earliest in Kerala to argue for abolition of  'untouchability'

Mathrubhumi
Kesava Menon established Mathrubhumi in 1923. He was its Chief Editor from the beginning till his death, except for a brief interregnum he moved out of Kerala and went to practice law in Malaysia and Singapore. There also he was actively involved in nationalist movements. His autobiography has been published by Mathrubhumi Books.

Personal life
Kesava Menon married Akathethara Manikyamelidam Laxmi Nethyaramma. Palakkatsseri Valiyaraja Manikyamelidam Shekhari Varma (the former Maharajah of Palghat) was the second of his five children (Since the first and second Rajas are residing outside India, it was the third Raja, KK Itti Pangi Achan who performed the religious duties on their behalf). The other four children are: Chellamma, Thankam, Padmini and Leela. The noted Malayalam film playback singer K. P. Udayabhanu was his nephew, being the son of his sister Ammu Nethyaramma.

References

External links

1886 births
Indian independence activists from Kerala
Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala
Malayali people
People from Palakkad district
1978 deaths
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Malayalam
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs
Malayalam-language journalists
Government Victoria College, Palakkad alumni
Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award

K. P. Kesava Menon