Donald Ross Getty  (August 30, 1933 – February 26, 2016) was a Canadian politician who served as the 11th premier of Alberta between 1985 and 1992. A member of the Progressive Conservatives, he served as Energy Minister and Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs Minister in the government of Peter Lougheed before leaving politics for the private sector in 1979.  He returned to politics six years later to contest the leadership contest resulting from Lougheed's retirement.  He defeated two other candidates, and became Premier November 1, 1985.

As Premier, Getty was faced with an economic slowdown and falling energy prices, which hit Alberta's petroleum-dominated economy hard.  Faced with mounting government deficits and increasing unemployment, he cut social spending and intervened with government money to prevent businesses from failing.  Several of these interventions backfired in high-profile fashion, failing at their intended objective and costing scarce public funds as well.  While some analysts argue that Getty's fiscal program laid the groundwork for Ralph Klein's later balancing of the provincial budget, on Getty's departure from office the government's debt had reached $11 billion, setting the stage for his successor to characterize the Getty years as an era of wasteful and excessive spending.

His efforts at strengthening Alberta's presence in Canada initially appeared more successful, as he won the agreement of Canada's other first ministers in including elements of Senate reform in the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, but these efforts came to naught when both accords were rejected—the second by the Canadian public, including a majority of Albertans.  Getty was also facing political problems within Alberta, including a defeat in his home riding of Edmonton-Whitemud in the 1989 election (leading to a successful by-election in Stettler, vacated by a P.C. MLA) and leadership machinations from some of his own ministers.  In light of this, he resigned the Premiership in 1992.

Before entering politics, Getty had been a quarterback for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League.  He passed for more than eight thousand yards over his ten-year career, and was put on the team's Wall of Fame in 1992.

Early life
Don Getty was born on August 30, 1933, in Westmount, Quebec, the son of Beatrice Lillian (Hampton) Getty (1910–1973) and Charles Ross Getty (1909–1974). His father had dropped out of McGill University's medical school due to the Great Depression and worked a variety of jobs—sometimes more than one at a time—to support his wife, three sons, and two daughters.  Getty's childhood was spent in Verdun, Toronto, Ottawa, London, and Agincourt, sharing a three-room apartment with his seven-member family in the last.  Returning for London in time for high school, he became an accomplished athlete (drinking eggnog to gain enough weight to play football) and was elected students' council president.  Sports were his passion, and he was an especially great fan of the Montreal Canadiens and of Toronto Argonauts running back Royal Copeland.

Football
After graduating, Getty enrolled to study business administration at the University of Western Ontario, where he became a football star and a member of The Kappa Alpha Society.  He quarterbacked the Western Ontario Mustangs to Eastern Collegiate Union Championships in 1954 and 1955, and was awarded the Claude Brown Memorial Trophy as the outstanding athlete at UWO in 1955.  He also played basketball, and was part of championship teams in that sport in 1952, 1953, and 1954.  A week after his 1955 graduation, he married Margaret Mitchell, his high school sweetheart.  The Edmonton Eskimos had offered Getty a professional contract, so the newlyweds drove out west in an old blue Buick.

While still playing football, Getty was hired by Imperial Oil in 1955.  He worked for Midwestern Industrial Gas Limited, beginning in 1961 as Lands and Contracts Manager with a promotion to Assistant General Manager following in 1963.  In 1964 he founded his own company, Baldonnel Oil and Gas Company, before entering the world of finance as a partner with Doherty, Roadhouse, and McCuaig investments in 1967.

MLA and cabinet minister

In 1965, Getty was approached by fellow Eskimos veteran and Progressive Conservative leader Peter Lougheed to run in the 1967 provincial election.  Getty agreed to run in Strathcona West, and defeated incumbent Social Crediter Randolph McKinnon by more than one thousand votes.  He entered the Legislative Assembly of Alberta as one of six newly elected P.C.s.  Four years later, in the 1971 election, Getty was re-elected by more than 3,500 votes in the new riding of Edmonton-Whitemud and was appointed Minister of Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs in the new Lougheed majority government.  With Getty and the government both re-elected by increasing margins in the 1975 election, Lougheed appointed him Minister of Energy.  In this capacity Getty partially continued his responsibility for relations with the federal government, as energy policy was a major sticking point between the two governments (at one point, federal Energy Minister Donald Macdonald called Getty "dripping with venom").  Getty did not seek re-election in the 1979 election.

Hiatus from politics and leadership fight

While out of politics, Getty became the head of an investment firm and sat on the boards of a number of corporations, including the Royal Bank of Canada, Sparrow Energy, Nortek Energy and Celanese Canada. However, when Lougheed stepped down from the Progressive Conservative leadership in 1985, Getty entered the contest to replace him and immediately became the favourite. At an October convention, Getty won a second ballot victory against Minister of Municipal Affairs Julian Koziak and former legislator Ron Ghitter.

Premier

Getty was appointed Premier November 1, 1985.  He returned to the legislature just over a month later, winning a by-election in his old riding of Edmonton-Whitemud.  As Premier for nearly seven years, Getty presided over some of Alberta's toughest economic times.  His time in office was characterized by attempts to reduce the government's budget deficit and interventions calculated to stabilize the economy during the recession of the 1980s. When Getty became Premier he left his predecessor's cabinet completely intact.

Budget deficit

After Getty won the party leadership, Lougheed told him to expect a budget deficit of $2.5 billion in his first year in office, though the figure turned out to be $2.1 billion.  Things got worse the next year as a drop in energy prices led to the oil-rich province running a deficit of $3.4 billion, as energy revenues fell by $3 billion.  Getty's Treasurer, Dick Johnston, reacted by raising taxes by $1 billion and cutting program spending by 6.3%, including decreases of 3% in grants to schools, universities, municipalities, and hospitals.  In 1990, due to these measures, Johnston predicted that the government would be in surplus by the 1995 fiscal year.  By 1992, program spending was growing at a rate of 2.3% annually, among the lowest rates in Canada.  In fact, when adjusted for population growth and inflation, government spending fell over Getty's term in office, with non-health care program spending 40% lower in 1993 than it had been in 1986 (health spending had remained approximately constant over the same period).  Even so, Getty entered the premiership with no public debt and left with the public debt at $11 billion.

Economic intervention

Getty's government was faced with a combination of a general economic malaise and falling oil prices.  The slowdown in the energy sector contributed to a decrease in capital spending, which reduced demand for labour in the construction industry by 50% between 1980 and 1985. Many workers left the province, which suppressed real estate prices and hurt financial institutions; two Albertan banks, the Canadian Commercial Bank and the Northlands Bank, failed in September 1985.  Credit unions were facing similar troubles, and the Lougheed government had, in its last days, injected $100 million into the industry.

Getty's response to these issues was interventionist.  During his first budget, he targeted spending at the province's struggling agricultural sector, including a $2 billion loan program meant to address high interest rates.  His government tried to stimulate the energy sector by making loan guarantees to Husky Oil ($380 million) and Syncrude ($200 million) for new and expanded capital projects.  The government also provided a $55 million guarantee—in addition to a $20 million loan—to Peter Pocklington's Gainers meat-packing plant; when Pocklington defaulted on the loan, the government seized, and eventually closed, the plant.  This incident and others contributed to a perception that Getty's administration was willing to spend public money to support large businesses, but that it was indifferent to the struggles of labour (the Gainers loan had initially been made after the government brokered a labour settlement favourable to the plant's management). In 1986 the price of oil bottomed at $US10 a barrel. Getty responded by providing the oil industry with $250 million in incentives and royalty cuts. By the end of 1986 Alberta had granted another nine-month cut from 12% to 1% in royalties at the Suncor oilsands.

Most damaging to the government's reputation was the failure of the Principal Group, an Edmonton-based trust company.  Its investment subsidiaries were ordered shut down June 30, 1987, by court orders obtained at the instigation of Provincial Treasurer Dick Johnston.  The parent company went bankrupt August 10 amid accusations of fraud.  A court-ordered investigation led by Bill Code found that the company was in trouble as early as 1980 and, though subsequent economic downturns hurt it, "it would not have been profitable in any event".  It also found that Consumer and Corporate Affairs Minister Connie Osterman had disregarded 1984 warnings from a regulator in her department that the company was likely insolvent.  Though Osterman was fired shortly after the report's release, Getty's immediate offer of an $85 million settlement to investors further hurt the government's reputation in areas of business.

A similar incident stemmed from the 1992 privatization of Alberta Government Telephones (AGT).  NovaTel, a cellular subsidiary of AGT, had made a number of financing deals with local companies in the late 1980s, and many of these deals were collapsing just as the government was prepared to sell AGT.  At the last moment, the government removed NovaTel from the AGT share offering.  NovaTel's liabilities eventually cost the government more than $600 million.

Intergovernmental and constitutional affairs

As a former Minister of Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs, Getty had strong views about constitutional matters, and about Senate reform in particular.  He made the cause the centrepiece of Alberta's constitutional policy going into the Meech Lake Accord discussions.  The Accord's final version included a provision whereby the Prime Minister would continue to recommend senatorial appointments to the Governor-General, but would have to make their recommendations from lists provided by the provincial governments.  Once it became apparent that the Meech Lake Accord would fail, Getty's government introduced the Senatorial Selection Act, which provided for an election process whenever there was a vacant Senate seat for Alberta.  However, Getty's favoured candidate, Progressive Conservative Bert Brown, was soundly defeated by Stan Waters of the upstart Reform Party of Canada, which opposed Meech Lake and favoured aggressive senate reform.  Though Prime Minister Brian Mulroney opposed the legislation, he eventually recommended Waters for appointment to the Senate.  Getty was still more successful at pursuing senate reform during the negotiations for the Charlottetown Accord, when he won the addition of a Triple-E Senate to the package, against Mulroney's opposition.  However, the Charlottetown Accord failed after a national referendum in which a majority of Canadians, including 60.2% of Albertans, rejected it.

In 1991, Getty's Progressive Conservatives formally severed ties with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, which was becoming increasingly unpopular under Mulroney.  Getty also broke with Mulroney on a number of issues other than Senate reform, including the new federal Goods and Services Tax, which he fought unsuccessfully against implementing.  His government also implemented legislation, against Mulroney's express wishes, that made English the only official language of Alberta.  Despite these steps, Getty remained a supporter of the federal Conservatives (and not the Reform Party, to which many provincial P.C.s were defecting), whose unpopularity rubbed off on him.

Getty's government also made progress on aboriginal land claims in the northern part of the province.  In addition to creating Canada's first Métis land base in 1989, Getty took the lead in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to negotiate a settlement between the federal government and the Lubicon Cree.

Political style

In contrast to his predecessor, who was actively involved in most elements of his government, Getty preferred to set the government's broad direction and leave lower-level details to his ministers.  Ralph Klein, while serving as Environment Minister under Getty, commented that "If you are a minister, you run that portfolio yourself" and expressed an appreciation for the freedom that the Premier gave his cabinet.  Al Adair, who served in two different portfolios under Getty, described this approach in his memoirs as "you make the decisions, you run your department, but make mistakes and you're gone".  Lisac credits him for knowing when to intervene and when not to, but Adair felt that his approach led to ministers working too much in isolation.

Getty was a private, reserved person, which, combined with his tendency to delegate to ministers, sometimes gave the impression of an uncaring aloofness.  During the Principal Group affair, which he left primarily in the hands of Treasurer Dick Johnston and Consumer and Corporate Affairs Minister Elaine McCoy, a photographer captured a shot of Getty playing golf while his press secretary had said that he was "working out of the office".  This was typical of his strained relationship with the media, which Adair attributed to the Premier's awkwardness and the media's unfairness.

Although Getty governed with fairly large majorities during his tenure, they were nowhere near as large as the ones Lougheed enjoyed.  His first election as premier saw the return of the provincial Liberals to the legislature after being shut out for 15 years.  That same election saw the Alberta NDP pick up 16 seats in the legislature.  In contrast, during his last two terms, Lougheed never faced more than six opposition MLAs in total.

Decline and retirement

Getty called the 1989 election less than three years into his 1986 mandate to take advantage of the economic optimism prevalent in the province, partly as a result of the Canada-U.S. free trade agreement.  While the P.C.s made spending promises including paving all of the province's secondary highways, the Liberals under new leader Laurence Decore stressed dealing with the deficit.   The overall result was respectable for the government, as it won a sixth term in government with a net loss of only two seats.  However, Getty was defeated in his own riding by Liberal Percy Wickman.  Brian C. Downey resigned his seat in the rural central Alberta riding of Stettler to allow Getty to run in a by-election, which he won handily.  He built a home in the riding on Buffalo Lake, and was later accused of arranging for the lake to be risen so it would be better-suited for fishing (though Adair claimed that the arrangements had been in place since 1979, when he had been Minister of Recreation, Parks and Wildlife).

Getty's relationship with his own party was often stormy.  Shortly after he lost his riding in 1989, a group of Calgary Conservatives, including party budget director Jack Major and Getty's old leadership rival Ron Ghitter, began making plans to force party renewal, with or without Getty.  They felt that the party was perceived as being tired, directionless, arrogant, and deaf to urban concerns, and that it was in political trouble in the crucial battleground of Calgary.  At the 1989 party convention, recently retired cabinet minister Marvin Moore, who had organized Ghitter's 1985 leadership campaign, advocated for a leadership review; after a speech by Getty, the convention voted to refer the recommendation to a committee for months of study.  Cabinet ministers, including Treasurer Dick Johnston and Education Minister Jim Dinning, began to consider leadership bids in the event that Getty retired or was pushed out.

In 1992, as the national referendum on the Charlottetown Accord and the release of a report on the NovaTel incident loomed, Getty decided to leave politics.  In his last months, he deliberately refrained from taking measures that he knew would be popular, such as shrinking cabinet, in order to leave them for his successor.  After a party leadership election chose Ralph Klein to succeed him, Getty resigned as party leader December 5 and as Premier several days later.

Political legacy

As Premier, Klein positioned himself in contrast to Getty, asserting that the government had "a spending problem", and stating that he had become Premier at a time of "uncontrolled spending".  Given Klein's aggressive spending cuts, which shaped the political climate of Alberta for much of the 1990s, Getty's legacy with respect to public finances has been criticized.  However, Kevin Taft, writing four years before entering politics, challenged this view, asserting that Getty was running "the tightest government in Canada".  Besides its management of the deficit, Getty's government is remembered for the creation of Family Day.  For the most part, however, Getty dropped quickly from the public view and public memory.  Lisac suggests that this is because, unlike his predecessor and successor, he lacked a central message:

Professional football career
Getty played 10 seasons with the Edmonton Eskimos as a quarterback. For the first part of his career, he backed up Jackie Parker and filled in for him when he was moved to running back. Eskimos coach Pop Ivy surprised many observers when he started Getty at quarterback in the third game of the 1956 western final (which was a three-game series at the time) during the 44th Grey Cup, with Parker at running back. However, it bore results as Parker tied the record for most touchdowns scored in a Grey Cup game, at three.  Getty also handed the ball to Johnny Bright for two touchdowns and scored two himself on quarterback keeps from the one-yard line, as the Eskimos won their third consecutive championship over the Montreal Alouettes by a score of 50–27.  He continued with Eskimos until 1963, and also made three appearances in the 1965 season.

Getty was one of the most successful Canadian-born quarterbacks in the history of the Canadian Football League and sits at third on the all-time passing yardage list of Canadian quarterbacks, behind Russ Jackson and Gerry Dattilio, with nearly nine thousand yards. He was declared the outstanding Canadian player in the Western Interprovincial Football Union in 1959, and was the runner up (to Jackson) for the Schenley Award as the league's most outstanding Canadian player the same year. He was placed on the Eskimos' Wall of Honor in 1992.

Career statistics

1Until and including the 1958 season, a tackle for a loss on a passing play was registered as a rushing attempt.

Retirement and death
Getty kept a low profile after leaving politics. He assumed several corporate directorships and spent time with his grandchildren.  Unlike Lougheed, he rarely commented on political matters. He was appointed as an Officer to the Order of Canada in 1998.

In July 2008, after Ed Stelmach announced $2 billion in funding to industry to develop carbon capture technology, Getty's company sought some of the funding to bury carbon dioxide in salt caverns near Two Hills.

On February 26, 2016, Getty died of heart failure at the age of 82 in Edmonton, following years of declining health.

Honours
He was appointed as an Officer of the Order of Canada on 21 October 1998. He was appointed as a Member of the Alberta Order of Excellence in 1999. He received the Canadian version of the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977, the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal in 1992, the Canadian version of the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal in 2002 and the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in 2012.

In 2012 he was inducted into the London Sports Hall of Fame in London, Ontario, in recognition of his achievements in Canadian football.

On 19 November 2013 he received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of Alberta.

Electoral record

As party leader

* Party did not nominate candidates in the previous election.

As MLA

Party leadership contest

References

Bibliography

External links

1933 births
2016 deaths
People from Westmount, Quebec
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian men's basketball players
Western Mustangs basketball players
Players of Canadian football from Quebec
Canadian football quarterbacks
Western Mustangs football players
Edmonton Elks players
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta MLAs
Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence
Members of the Executive Council of Alberta
Members of the United Church of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Premiers of Alberta
Leaders of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
20th-century Canadian politicians

Don Getty


The Premier Hotel is a hotel and a heritage listed building located on the corner of York Street and Grey Street, opposite the Albany Town Hall, in Albany in the Great Southern region of Western Australia.

The two storey building is constructed from brick and has a corrugated iron roof topped with chimneys that have moulded capping. It has arched windows on both levels with a cantilevered canopy over the surrounding pavement.

The hotel was built in 1891 and was the third one built in Albany. Only the Premier and the Albany Hotel still remain. The other, the Railway Hotel, was renamed the Royal George in 1892 and rebuilt in three stories in 1910. The first meeting of the Albany Roads Board was held in the hotel dining room in 1896.

Richard R. Burridge acquired the hotel in 1912 - the licensee was Marcus A. O'Grady.

Following Burridge's death in 1928, the hotel was auctioned in 1929 and acquired by William Harper for £6,550. Harper was the licensee of the Freemason's hotel located on Stirling Terrace. Harper also outbid the then licensee of the Premier Hotel, Alf Martin. At that time the hotel had 20 bedrooms, a sitting and dining room, offices and two large bar areas.

In 1930 the hotel was put on the market again and advertised as having: 26 bedrooms, bars, dining room, commercial rooms, bathrooms, hot water service, and electric light installed and sewered throughout.

W.A. Schurer, who had previously owned the London Hotel, acquired the Premier in 1936 and put it up for sale again in 1950.

The hotel was gutted by fire in 2016. Four occupants were evacuated from the building and the manager was taken to hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. The manager had been assaulted and robbed by two men shortly after midnight. The men lit the fire before leaving the premises. The fire took over four hours to extinguish and gutted most of the interior causing damage in excess of 1 million.
The Licensee was later found to have organised the attack in an attempt to claim a $3M dollar insurance payout.

See also
 List of places on the State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Albany

References

Heritage places in Albany, Western Australia
1891 establishments in Australia
Hotel buildings completed in 1891
Hotels in Albany, Western Australia
Hotels established in 1891
York Street, Albany, Western Australia

Premier Hotel, Albany


The Ministry of Home Affairs (IAST: Gṛha Maṃtrālaya), or simply the Home Ministry, is a ministry of the Government of India. It is mainly responsible for the maintenance of internal security and domestic policy. It is headed by  Minister of Home Affairs.

The Ministry of Home Affairs is also the cadre controlling authority for the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS and DANICS. Police-I Division of the ministry is the cadre controlling authority in respect of the Indian Police Service; whereas, the UT Division is the administrative division for DANIPS.

Senior officials

Home Secretary and other senior officials

The Home Secretary (IAST: Gṛiha Sachiva गृह सचिव) is the administrative head of the Ministry of Home Affairs. This post is held by a very senior IAS officer of the rank of Secretary to Government of India. The current Home Secretary is Ajay Kumar Bhalla, IAS and Secretary Is Chandu Burusu, IAS. All Central Armed Police Forces such as the CRPF, CISF, BSF, etc. and the Union territory police forces are under the control of the Union Home Ministry. The Union Home Secretary is the Chief Advisor to Union Home Minister on all matters such as policy formation, etc. The Post of Union Home Secretary is equivalent to the Chief Secretary of a State. The Union Home Secretary draws salary at the pay level 17 of 7th Central Pay Commission i.e Rupees 2,25,000 plus other allowances applicable per month which is equivalent to a Chief Secretary's salary.

Organizational structure of home ministry
https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/ORGANIZATIONAL_STRUCTURE_02122021_0.pdf

Central Armed Police Forces and domestic intelligence agency
Chiefs of CAPFs, NIA and IB report directly to the Home Minister. DGs of CAPFs may also report to Special Secretary (Internal Security) and Special Secretary/Additional Secretary (Border Management).

Department of Home (State Ministers)

Organisation

Departments
The Ministry of Home Affairs extends manpower and financial support, guidance and expertise to the State Governments for the maintenance of security, peace and harmony without trampling upon the constitutional rights of the States.

The Ministry of Home Affairs has the following constituent Departments:

Department of Border Management
Department of Border Management, dealing with management of borders, including coastal borders.

Department of Internal Security
Department of Internal Security, dealing with police, law and order and rehabilitation.

Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs

Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs, dealing with the constitutional provisions in respect of the Union Territories Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh and all other matters relating to the UTs excluding those with which the Ministry of External Affairs is concerned.

Department of Home
Dealing with the notification of assumption of office by the President and Vice-president, notification of appointment of the Prime Minister and other Ministers, etc.

Department of Official Language
Dealing with the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution relating to official languages and the provisions of the Official Languages Act, 1963. Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 as an independent Department of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Department of States
Dealing with centre-state relations, inter-state relations, union territories and freedom fighters' pension.

Divisions
These are organisational divisions of the ministry itself, without the splitting into specialised departments.

Administration Division
Handling all administrative and vigilance matters, allocation of work among various Divisions of the ministry and monitoring of compliance of furnishing information under the Right to Information Act, 2005, matters relating to the Order of Precedence, Padma Awards, Gallantry Awards, Jeevan Raksha Padak Awards, National Flag, National Anthem, State Emblem of India and Secretariat Security Organisation.

Border Management Division
Matters relating to coordination by administrative, diplomatic, security, intelligence, legal, regulatory and economic agencies of the country for the management of international borders, the creation of infrastructure like roads/fencing and floodlighting of borders, border areas development programme pilot project on Multi-purpose National Identity Card and Coastal Security.

Centre-State Division
The division deals with Centre-State relations, including working of the constitutional provisions governing such relations, appointment of governors, creation of new states, nominations to Rajya Sabha/Lok Sabha, Inter-State boundary disputes, over-seeing the crime situation in States, imposition of President's Rule and work relating to Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System (CCTNS) etc.

Coordination Division
Intra-Ministry coordination work, parliamentary matters, public grievances (PGs), publication of annual report of the ministry, record retention schedule, annual action plan of the ministry, custody of classified and unclassified records of the ministry, internal work study, furnishing of various reports of scheduled castes/scheduled tribes and persons with disabilities, etc..

Disaster Management Division
Responsible for the response, relief and preparedness for natural calamities and human-made disasters (except drought and epidemics). The division is also responsible for legislation, policy, capacity building, prevention, mitigation and long-term rehabilitation.

Finance Division
The division is responsible for formulating, operating and controlling the budget of the ministry under the Integrated Finance Scheme.

Foreigners Division
The division deals with all matters relating to visa, immigration, citizenship, overseas citizenship of India, acceptance of foreign contribution and hospitality.

Freedom Fighters and Rehabilitation Division
The division frames and implements the Freedom Fighters' Pension Scheme and the schemes for rehabilitation of migrants from former West Pakistan/East Pakistan and provision of relief to Sri Lankan and Tibetan refugees. It also handles work relating to Enemy Properties and residual work relating to Evacuee Properties.

Human Rights Division
The division deals with matters relating to the Protection of Human Rights Act and also matters relating to national integration and communal harmony.

Internal Security Division-I
Internal security and law and order, including anti-national and subversive activities of various groups/extremist organisations, policy and operational issues on terrorism, security clearances, monitoring of ISI activities and Home Secretary-level talks with Pakistan on terrorism and drug trafficking as a part of the composite dialogue process.

Recently launched cyber coordination centre (CYCORD) https://cycord.gov.in meant for providing assistance to LEAs in all the matter of cyber-crime, cyber-espionage and cyber-terrorism works under this division.

Internal Security Division-II
Division deals with arms and explosive; letters of request for mutual legal assistance in criminal matters; National Security Act, 1980 and representations thereunder; administration of Narcotics Control Bureau; providing central assistance to victims of terrorist, communal and naxal violence; matters relating to breach of privilege of MPs, etc.

Judicial Division
Legislative aspects of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and also the Commission of Inquiry Act. It also handles matters relating to state legislations, which require the assent of the President under the Constitution, political pension to erstwhile rulers before independence, mercy petitions under Article 72 of the Constitution.

Left Wing Extremism Division.
Countering of left-wing Naxalite-Maoist extremism in India.

North East Division
The division deals with the internal security and law and order situation in the northeastern states, including matters relating to insurgency and talks with various extremist groups operating in that region.

Police Division-I
Division functions as the cadre controlling authority in respect of Indian Police Service (IPS) and also deals with the award of Presidents' police Medals for Meritorious/ Distinguished service and Gallantry, etc.

Police Division-II
This Division deals with the policy, personnel, operational (including deployment) and financial matters relating to all the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). It also deals with the matters relating to welfare of the serving and retired CAPF personnel and the deployments in UN peacekeeping missions.

Police Modernisation Division
The division handles all items of work relating to modernisation of State Police Forces, provisioning/procurement of various items for modernisation of Central Police Forces, police reforms and police mission.

Policy Planning Division
The division deals with matters relating to policy formulation in respect of internal security issues, international co-operation on counter-terrorism, international covenants, bilateral assistance treaties and related items of work.

Union Territories Division
The division deals with all legislative and constitutional matters relating to Union territories, including National Capital Territory of Delhi. It also functions as the cadre controlling authority of the Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT) cadre of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), the Indian Forest Service (IFS/IFoS), and the Indian Police Service (IPS) as also Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Civil Service (DANICS)/Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police Service (DANIPS). Besides, it is responsible for overseeing the crime and law and order situation in UTs.

Agencies under the Ministry of Home Affairs

Departments

Department of Internal Security
 Indian Police Service (IPS)
 Intelligence Bureau
 Central Reserve Police Force
 Bureau of Police Research and Development
 Central Industrial Security Force
 Delhi Police
 National Security Guard
 National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Sciences
 National Crime Records Bureau
 National Civil Defence College
 National Investigation Agency ( NIA )
 North Eastern Council
 North Eastern Police Academy
 Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Census of India
 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy
 Narcotics Control Bureau

Department of Official Language
 Central Translation Bureau
 Central Hindi Training Institute
 Directorate of Census Operations

Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs

Department of Home

Department of States

Central Armed Police Forces
 Border Security Force
 Indo-Tibetan Border Police
 Sashastra Seema Bal
 Central Reserve Police Force
 Central Industrial Security Force
 National Security Guards
 [[Special Frontier Force]
. Assam Rifles

Bureaus

 Bureau of Immigration, India
 Bureau of Police Research and Development, Libraries Network
 Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
 National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)

Autonomous Bodies, Boards & Corporations
 National Foundation for Communal Harmony (NFCH)
 Repatriates Co-operative Finance and Development Bank Limited

Boards / Academies / Institutions (Grant in Aid)
 Central Recordkeeping Agency (CRA) for the New Pension System (NPS), NSDL
 National Industrial Security Academy (NISA), CISF, Hyderabad
 Rehabilitation Plantations Limited (RPL)
 Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
 Welfare and Rehabilitation Board (WARB), New Delhi
 National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL)
 Centre for Disaster Management, LBSNAA, Mussoorie
 National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
 Officers Training Academy
 Regional Institute of Correctional Administration (RICA)

Regulatory Authorities

 National Disaster Management Authority

Commissions/Committees/Missions
Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh (CCSAP)
Committee of Parliament on Official Language

Councils
Inter-State Council

Regional/Field Offices (Central Government)
Census of Kerala
Census of Orissa
Directorate of Census Operation, Rajasthan
Directorate of Census Operation, Madhya Pradesh
Directorate of Census Operations, Chandigarh
Directorate of Census Operations, Gujarat
Directorate of Census Operations, Karnataka
Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab, Chandigarh
Directorate of Census Operations Tamil Nadu
Central Industrial Security Force (CSIF), South Zone, Chennai
Frontier Headquarters Border Security Force, Tripura
India Disaster Resource Network, IDRN
Multi Purpose National Identity Card
North Bengal Frontier, Border Security Force
Punjab Frontier, Border Security Force
Rustamji Institute of Technology (RJIT)
South Bengal Frontier, Border Security Force
Town Official Language Implementation Committee, Ahmedabad

See also

 Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs
 Law enforcement in India
 Indian Police Foundation and Institute

References

 Amit Shah takes charge of Home Ministers of India 2019

External links

 Official website
 Official website
 Directory of Important Web Links of MHA
 Ministry of Home Affairs : Foreigners Division
 Official MHA Press Releases

Home Affairs
India

Ministry of Home Affairs (India)


Face-Off is a 1971 Canadian feature film produced by John F. Bassett starring Art Hindle, Trudy Young and John Vernon. The story line concerns a rookie Toronto Maple Leafs ice hockey player and his romance with a musician. Several National Hockey League players also appeared in the film.

Plot
Hockey player Billy Duke joins the Toronto Maple Leafs, and must adapt to the big league game with assistance from his room-mate, George Armstrong. Meanwhile, Duke starts a relationship with rock singer Sherri Lee Nelson, who objects to Duke's often rough hockey playing. As the two become more involved, Leafs' coach Fred Wares worries that Sherri is causing Duke to lose his on-ice focus.

Cast
The main cast, per the opening credits, are:

The 1970–71 Toronto Maple Leafs served as Billy Duke's National Hockey League (NHL) team, with players appearing in real game footage as well as many scripted scenes throughout the film. Leafs player Jim McKenny wore #18 with the team that season, thus served as #18 "Billy Duke" in actual game footage. Some Leafs players had scripted lines of dialogue, including: Paul Henderson, dances with Sherri at New Year's party, "You're a real swinger"; Jim Dorey, fights with Billy in the dressing room, "Who the hell do you think you are"; Ron Ellis, gets some medical attention in the dressing room, "Hey Billy boy - aren't you going to ask us how we lost those three games"; Rick Ley, teases Billy in the dressing room, "What's the secret of faking a 10-day layoff?"; while George Armstrong is a credited performer, with numerous speaking lines.

Players from other NHL teams also made appearances, in filmed scenes or actual game footage, including Jean Béliveau, Gordie Howe and Bobby Hull. Game film included, and the closing credits acknowledged, the 1970–71 Boston Bruins, 1970–71 Montreal Canadiens, 1970–71 Los Angeles Kings, 1970–71 Chicago Black Hawks, 1970–71 Detroit Red Wings, 1970–71 Philadelphia Flyers, 1970–71 California Golden Seals, 1970–71 Vancouver Canucks and 1970–71 New York Rangers.
Some members of the actual press corps that covered the Leafs and the NHL had lines in the film, including George Gross, Scott Young and Fergie Olver (misspelled "Oliver"). The long-time medical trainer for the Leafs, Joe Sgro, had scripted lines as the "Leaf Trainer", appearing in one scene with a silent Leafs owner Harold Ballard as "Leaf Doctor".

Production
The film was produced by Basset's Agincourt International studio and was financially supported by the Canadian Film Development Corporation.

Product placements, besides the presence of the Toronto Maple Leafs brand, included visible use of Molson brand beer and scenes filmed at Eaton's and the Inn on the Park hotel. The Eaton's connection included then-racecar-driver George Eaton, future chief executive officer of Eaton's, playing the role of Max in the film.

Release
The film's debut was in Toronto on 12 November 1971 and released the following week throughout Canada at 20 theatres which was then the widest distribution of a Canadian feature film. The film was distributed in 1971 by Alliance Film Distribution in Canada, and Cannon Films in the U.S.

Reception
The film generally received negative reviews. Martin Knelman of The Globe and Mail found the production "downright head-clutchingly terrible." Regina's Leader-Post cited "terrible acting and inane dialogue". Dave Billington of The Gazette (Montreal) also panned the production noting that "most of the ingredients of a good film were there and they were sacrificed to box office expediency." The Windsor Star was also critical noting such deficiences as "a sluggish pace and fumbling character development."

Face-Off grossed $600,000 in Canada ($ million today) at the box office by early 1973, the highest-grossing Canadian English language film in Canada. Although a substantial box office income for a Canadian film, the Canadian Film Development Corporation did not expect to fully recoup its investment unless the film earned twice that amount.

Upon the 2011 DVD release of Face-Off, Sun Media's Bruce Kirkland acknowledged the "cheesy" production but noted the historic value of filmed scenes which included professional hockey players which he deemed of superior quality compared to the "crappy TV archives" of NHL footage of that time.

Video release
Face-Off was restored from an extant 35 mm print and released in Blu-ray format by Video Services Corp on 15 November 2011. Only 10,000 discs were produced, due to complications in obtaining permission from the NHL for the hockey footage used in the film. The DVD release includes the Second City Television parody of the film, "Power Play", which featured John Candy as Billy.

See also
 List of films about ice hockey

References

External links

Face-Off at VSC (DVD release)

Canadian sports drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films set in Toronto
Canadian ice hockey films
Golan-Globus films
Films directed by George McCowan
1970s sports drama films
1971 drama films
Toronto Maple Leafs
1970s English-language films
1970s Canadian films

Face-Off (1971 film)


Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters is a Japanese television series. It is the 36th in Toei's Super Sentai series. It follows Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger. Its theme is based on spy movies and cyber technology. The series premiered February 26, 2012 on TV Asahi, joining Kamen Rider Fourze and then Kamen Rider Wizard. Its footage was used for the 2019-2020 American Power Rangers season, Power Rangers Beast Morphers.

Plot
Thirteen years ago in the New Common Era calendar, the computer controlling the newly discovered energy source called Enetron was infected by a Computer virus that caused it to create the evil energy being known as Messiah who wishes to take over mankind and create a world made for machines. Though sent into subspace by the scientists' sacrifice, Messiah's actions established the formation of the Energy Management Center's Special Ops Unit from three children who were caught in the crossfire, the Go-Busters, and their Buddyroids. In the present, 2012 NCE, a mysterious figure named Enter leads a group called Vaglass on incursions to gather enough Enetron to bring Messiah back. However, training for this day, the Go-Busters and their Buddyroids are deployed to combat Vaglass's Metaroids and Megazords to protect the city's Enetron from them. Later joined by Masato Jin and his Buddyroid Beet J. Stag, the Go-Busters' resolve is strengthened once they learn the true nature of their enemy and the horrors that would result should Messiah enter their world.

Characters

Go-Busters

Cast
 Hiromu Sakurada / Red Buster: Katsuhiro Suzuki
 Ryuji Iwasaki / Blue Buster: Ryoma Baba
 Yoko Usami / Yellow Buster: Arisa Komiya
 Masato Jin / Beet Buster: Hiroya Matsumoto
 Takeshi Kuroki: Hideo Sakaki
 Toru Morishita: Naoto Takahashi
 Miho Nakamura: Fuuka Nishihara
 Rika Sakurada: Risa Yoshiki
 Enter: Syo Jinnai
 Escape: Ayame Misaki
 Cheeda Nick (Voice): Keiji Fujiwara
 Gorisaki Banana (Voice): Tesshō Genda
 Usada Lettuce (Voice): Tatsuhisa Suzuki
 Beet J. Stag / Stag Buster (Voice): Yuichi Nakamura
 GB Custom Visor Voice, Lio Blaster Voice, Saburo Hazuki (35): Ichirou Mizuki
 Narration: Shoo Munekata

Guest cast
 Maruyama (9): Yutaka Maido
 Geki Jumonji (31, 32): Yuma Ishigaki
 Shelly (31, 32): Suzuka Morita
 Mamoru Hasegawa (37): Gong Teyu

Songs
 Opening themes
 "Busters Ready Go!"
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Kenichiro Oishi
 Artist: Hideyuki Takahashi (Project.R)
 Episodes: 1-27
 The song also played in episodes 30, 44, and 50.
 "Morphin! Movin! Busters Ship!"
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Kenichiro Oishi
 Artist: Hideyuki Takahashi (Project.R)
 Ending theme
 "Kizuna ~ Go-Busters!" ("Bonds ~ Go-Busters!")
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Artist: Nazo no Shin Unit Starmen (The Mysterious New Unit Starmen)
 Episodes: 1-8, 11-22, 28-44
 "One Wish, One Day"
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Morihiro Suzuki
 Artist: Hiromu Sakurada & Cheeda Nick (Katsuhiro Suzuki & Keiji Fujiwara)
 Episodes: 9, 10, 24
 "Shinpai Honey ♥ Bunny" ("Worry Honey ♥ Bunny")
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Masaaki Asada
 Artist: Yoko Usami & Usada Lettuce (Arisa Komiya & Tatsuhisa Suzuki)
 Episodes: 23
 "Blue Banana Moon"
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Hiroshi Takaki
 Artist: Ryuji Iwasaki & Gorisaki Banana (Ryoma Baba & Tesshō Genda)
 Episodes: 25
 "Kizuna ~ Go-Busters! (2012 Summer MOVIE MIX)" ("Bonds ~ Go-Busters! (2012 Summer MOVIE MIX)")
 Lyrics: Shoko Fujibayashi
 Composition, Arrangement: Kenichiro Oishi
 Artist: Nazo no Shin Unit Starmen
 Episodes: 26, 27

Super Sentai series
2012 television series debuts
2013 television series endings
2013 disestablishments in Asia

Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters


Goofy's Fun House is a 2001 platform game released for the PlayStation. It focuses on the Disney character, Goofy.

Synopsis
Goofy must explore each part of his home, which consists of 15 distinct rooms. Each room includes elements, such as a blender in the kitchen or table saw in the garage, that the player can interact with. The main focus of play centers around collecting the 60 film canisters and certain objects, which Goofy has misplaced throughout his home. In addition to this, there are several mini-games that may be accessed via the paintings in the rec room of Goofy's house if the player finds all of the objects that are needed. The mini-games can range from golf and fishing to skiing and driving (based on How to play...). There are also certain objects that can come alive and "attack" Goofy such as a rumbling washing machine, a vacuum cleaner, and a lawn mower.

After Goofy completes each mini-game and finds a few special items found somewhere in the house, a corresponding cartoon, one of which is How to Play Golf, will be unlocked. The game is considered "Completed" when the player completes all of the mini-games, finds all of the cartoon-specific items, and collects all 60 film canisters, unlocking the final cartoon.

Reception

Goofy's Fun House received mainly positive reviews. GameSpot rated the game a 7.4 out of 10 stars, while IGN rated the game a 7.5 out of 10. GameRankings.com rated the game an 89.33%.

References

External links
 http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps/578875-disneys-goofys-fun-house

2001 video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation (console)-only games
Goofy (Disney) video games
Video games about dogs
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
NewKidCo games
Single-player video games
The Code Monkeys games

Goofy's Fun House


Dinitroanilines are a class of chemical compounds with the chemical formula C6H5N3O4.  They are derived from both aniline and dinitrobenzenes.  There are six isomers: 2,3-dinitroaniline, 2,4-dinitroaniline, 2,5-dinitroaniline, 2,6-dinitroaniline, 3,4-dinitroaniline, and 3,5-dinitroaniline.

Dinitroanilines are intermediates in the preparation of various industrially important chemicals including dyes and pesticides.  Herbicides which are derivatives of dinitroanilines include benfluralin, butralin, chlornidine, dinitramine, dipropalin, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, methalpropalin, nitralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, profluralin, and trifluralin.

2,4-Dinitroaniline can be prepared by reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with ammonia or by acid hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitroacetanilide.

Dinitroanilines are explosive and flammable with heat or friction.

Dinitroanilines were developed prior to 2015 by, among others, the Dow Chemical Company, who then sold their business to privately-held Gowan Company.

References

Anilines
Nitrobenzenes

Dinitroaniline


Westlife are an Irish pop group formed in Dublin, Ireland, in 1998. The group consists of members Shane Filan, Mark Feehily, Kian Egan, and Nicky Byrne. Brian McFadden was a member before leaving in 2004. The group disbanded in 2012 after 14 years and later reunited in 2018.

In Ireland, the group has 11 number-one albums, 16 number-one singles, and 34 top-fifty singles. They have sold over 55 million records and are holders of four Guinness World Records. Westlife has received numerous accolades including one World Music Award, two Brit Awards, four MTV Awards, and four Record of the Year Awards.

The group has released twelve studio albums: four as a five-piece and eight as a four-piece. They rose to fame with their debut international self-titled studio album, Westlife (1999). It was followed by Coast to Coast (2000), World of Our Own (2001), and Turnaround (2003). Following the departure of McFadden, the group released the cover albums ...Allow Us to Be Frank (2004) and The Love Album (2006), the albums Face to Face (2005), Back Home (2007), Where We Are (2009), and Gravity (2010), followed by an eight-year split.

After reforming in 2018, the quartet released the studio albums Spectrum (2019) and Wild Dreams (2021).

History

Formation and early years (1997–1998)
Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, and Shane Filan, all schoolmates at Summerhill College in Sligo, Ireland, participated in a school production of Grease with fellow Sligo men Derrick Lacey, Graham Keighron, and Michael Garrett. The sextet formed a pop vocal group called Six as One in 1997, which they later renamed IOYOU. The group, managed by choreographer Mary McDonagh and two other informal managers, released a single titled "Together Girl Forever" under Sound Records. McDonagh first encountered Egan as a six-year-old student at her weekly dance classes and came to know Filan and Feehily in their early teens as they starred in shows such as Oliver! and Godspell for Sligo Fun Company.

Louis Walsh, the manager of fellow Irish boy band Boyzone, came to know the group after Filan's mother Mae contacted him, but the group failed to secure a BMG record deal with Simon Cowell. Cowell told Walsh: "You are going to have to fire at least three of them. They have great voices, but they are the ugliest band I have ever seen in my life." Lacey, Keighron, and Garrett were told they would not be part of the new group, and auditions were held in Dublin where Nicky Byrne and Brian McFadden were recruited.

The new group, formed on 3 July 1998, was originally named Westside, but as another band was already using that name, the group was renamed Westlife. They signed a four-million-pound record deal with RCA Records. Westlife's first big break came in 1998 when they opened for Boyzone and Backstreet Boys' concerts in Dublin. Boyzone singer Ronan Keating was brought in to co-manage the group with Louis Walsh. Their first live television performance as a group was on the Irish TV series The Late Late Show broadcast on 13 November 1998. They performed "Flying Without Wings".

Westlife, Coast to Coast and World of Our Own (1999–2001)

In April 1999, the group released their first single, "Swear It Again", which immediately topped the charts in Ireland and in the UK for two weeks. It was the biggest-selling single in the first week by a debut artist. Their second single, "If I Let You Go" was released in August 1999, which made them the first boy band to hit No. 1 with their first two singles. Their third single was "Flying Without Wings" (their first 'Record of the Year' and their third No. 1 single), released in October of the same year. "Flying Without Wings" was also included on the soundtrack of the Warner Brothers film, Pokémon: The Movie 2000. Their first album, simply titled Westlife, was released in November 1999 and went to No. 2 in the UK and No. 1 in Ireland. The album was the biggest chart dropper on the Top 40 in UK music history when in its 58th week on the charts it leaped from No. 79 to No. 3 before falling to No. 37 the following week. In Scotland, the album debuted at number 6 in 1999 but subsequently peaked at number one year later in 2001.

In December 1999, a fourth single was released, the double a-side "I Have A Dream"/"Seasons in the Sun". It was the 1999 UK Christmas number-one single and their fourth No. 1 single. They are one of only five acts to achieve four number ones in the UK Singles Chart in one calendar year. The fifth and final single from the album, "Fool Again", also peaked at No. 1. With this, they became the only male band to have every single release from an album that reached No. 1 in the UK. Afterward, Westlife signed to Arista Records for the North American release of their debut. "Swear It Again" peaked at No. 20 on the Billboard Hot 100. On 1 July 2000, they were honored as Freemen of the Borough of Sligo.

Coast to Coast, their second album, was released a year later and was their first No. 1 UK album, beating the Spice Girls' Forever album by a large margin; the chart battle was widely reported by British media. It became the country's 4th biggest-selling album of 2000. This is their second No. 1 album in Ireland. The album was preceded by the duet with Mariah Carey "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" and the original song "My Love" (their second Record of the Year award). Both singles reached No. 1 on the UK charts, their sixth and seventh number ones respectively. With this, Westlife broke the record of the most consecutive No. 1 singles in the UK with their first seven singles. However, in December 2000, their eighth single "What Makes a Man", debuted at No. 2, breaking their string of consecutive number ones. The single "My Love" was controversially used by the Central Intelligence Agency as part of a torture program in Afghanistan. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, "the music pounded constantly as part of a scheme to assault prisoners' senses".

Outside the UK and Ireland, they gained chart success with "I Lay My Love on You" and "When You're Looking Like That". They were included in the top ten earners list of all acts in the UK and Ireland and sold over 2.5 million units in the Asia Pacific region. In February 2001, they began their first world tour, "Where Dreams Come True Tour". A recording of a concert from the tour live from Dublin was released on 19 November 2001.

On 12 November 2001, Westlife released their third album World of Our Own, peaking at No. 1 in the UK and Ireland. "Uptown Girl" (their first single to be on the List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom), "Queen of My Heart" and "World of Our Own" were released as singles, all of which peaked at No. 1 in the UK. "Bop Bop Baby" was also released as a single and peaked at No. 5 in the UK. In 2002, Westlife went on their second world tour, the World of Our Own Tour. By the end of the year, IRMA awarded the band for 1 million units sold in Ireland. The group sold more than 12 million records in a span of three years.

Unbreakable, Turnaround, and McFadden's departure (2002–2003)

Westlife released their eleventh UK No. 1 single, "Unbreakable" in 2002. Amidst rumors of a split, Westlife released their first greatest hits album in November of that same year titled Unbreakable - The Greatest Hits Vol. 1, which peaked at No. 1 in the UK and Ireland. During this time, Westlife achieved a Guinness World Record for most public appearances by a pop group in 36 hours. The band made stop-offs in five different cities (Dublin, Belfast, Edinburgh, London, and Manchester) to promote their then-new album. The release was followed by the double A-side single "Tonight"/"Miss You Nights", which debuted at No. 3 in the UK and No. 1 in Ireland. Following this release, the group premiered a TV documentary titled "Wild Westlife". It was directed by Iain MacDonald and features their daily life as musicians and their tour experiences. It was aired on BBC Choice. In 2003, Westlife went on their third world tour, the Unbreakable Tour. A recording of a concert from the tour in Manchester was released in November 2003.

In September 2003, Westlife released "Hey Whatever", which peaked at No. 4 in the UK. Their fourth studio album, Turnaround, was released in November 2003, earning the group another No. 1 album in the UK and Ireland. "Mandy", was released a week before the album and became the band's twelfth No. 1 single. It also won them their third Record of the Year award. "Mandy" is the single with the longest leap to the top (from No. 200 to No. 1) in UK music history. "Obvious" was released as the final single from the album, charting at No. 3.

On 9 March 2004, just three weeks before embarking on their fourth world tour, McFadden left the group, citing a desire to spend more time with his family. McFadden's final public performance as part of Westlife was at Newcastle upon Tyne's Powerhouse nightclub on 27 February 2004. He subsequently began a solo career, and reverted the spelling of his first name back to its original 'Brian'.

Less than a month after McFadden's departure, the group began their "Turnaround Tour". A recording of a concert from the Turnaround Tour, live from Stockholm, Sweden, was released in November 2003.

Face to Face,  Back Home, and cover albums (2004–2008)
In September 2004, they performed at the World Music Awards, where they were recognized as the Best Irish Act of that year. They then released a Rat Pack-inspired album, their fifth album ...Allow Us to Be Frank, which peaked at number 3. No singles from this album were released in the UK, but the track "Ain't That a Kick in the Head?" had a music video produced and was released as a physical single in other European countries. "Smile" and "Fly Me to the Moon" also had music videos produced. Prior to the release of the ...Allow Us to Be Frank album, Westlife scouted for "the perfect fan" to help promote the album. After X Factor-style auditions, they found Joanne Hindley, who recorded "The Way You Look Tonight" with the group. A television program documenting this process, She's The One, was presented by Kate Thornton. Westlife embarked on "The Number Ones Tour" in early 2005. A recording of a concert from the tour, live from Sheffield, was released in November 2005.

In October 2005, Westlife released the single "You Raise Me Up", which became their thirteenth number 1 single. It was taken from their sixth album Face to Face which also peaked at No. 1 in the UK.  "You Raise Me Up" was awarded as their fourth Record of the Year in the UK. In December of that year, the group released "When You Tell Me That You Love Me", a duet with Diana Ross, as the second single. It debuted and peaked at No. 2. The third single from the album, "Amazing", peaked at No. 4. Westlife embarked on the "Face to Face Tour", traveling extensively to the UK, Ireland, Australia, and Asia. The group performed 32 shows and recorded 238,718 attendances. A recording of a concert from the tour, live from Wembley Arena, was released in November 2006.

In late 2006, Westlife signed a new five-album deal with Sony BMG Music Entertainment. Their seventh album, The Love Album was a concept album that consisted of popular love song covers. The album debuted at No. 1 in both the UK and Ireland. It was the top-selling album of 2006 in Ireland. The only single from The Love Album, "The Rose", became their 14th UK No. 1 single. Westlife kicked off their eighth world tour, "The Love Tour", in Perth, Australia. The group then went on to other Australian cities before moving on to South Africa, the UK, and Ireland. The tour grossed £1,031,033.

On 5 November 2007, Westlife released their eighth album, Back Home, which contained nine new original songs and three cover songs. The album debuted at No. 1 in the UK and Ireland. It was also 2007's fifth biggest-selling album in the UK. The first single released from the album was "Home", which peaked at No. 3 in the UK. "Us Against the World" was released as the second single and "Something Right" became the third single in Europe and the Asia Pacific region. On 15 December 2007, they premiered a two-hour show called The Westlife Show where they performed 10 of their songs, hosted by Holly Willoughby. They embarked on the Back Home Tour on 25 February 2008. This tour marked the first time that the group had traveled and performed in New Zealand, performing four sold-out shows in Auckland, Wellington, New Plymouth, and Christchurch. Westlife were the seventh top touring act of 2008.

10th anniversary, Where We Are, and Gravity  (2008–2010)
To mark their tenth year in music, Westlife staged the sold-out concert 10 Years of Westlife in Croke Park on 1 June 2008. The group announced that they would be going on hiatus for a year after their Back Home Tour.10 Years of Westlife – Live at Croke Park Stadium was released on 24 November 2008 and went straight to No. 1 on the UK, Ireland, South Africa, Hong Kong, and New Zealand Music DVD charts. On 13 December 2008, while on hiatus, Westlife made an unexpected appearance during that year's X Factor final where they performed "Flying Without Wings" with runners-up JLS. In the last week of January 2009, a DVD titled The Karaoke Collection was released. On 18 March 2009, Westlife won the Best Irish Pop Act at the 2009 Meteor Awards for the ninth consecutive time.

Their tenth album, Where We Are, was released on 30 November 2009 in the UK and peaked at No. 2 on both Irish and UK Albums Charts. The lead single, "What About Now", was released on 23 October 2009 and peaked at No. 2 on both Irish and UK Singles Charts. The tour in support of this album was "The Where We Are Tour". A recording of a concert from the tour, live from London, was released in November 2010. They were part of the Haiti charity single in early 2010 with "Everybody Hurts", which was organized by Cowell. The single peaked at No. 1 on both Irish and UK Singles Charts. That year, the Guinness Book of World Records announced that Westlife were the top-selling album group of the 21st century with 10.74 million albums sold in the UK alone.

On 14 November 2010, the single "Safe" was released. It debuted on the UK Singles Chart on 21 November at No. 10. The album Gravity was released on 22 November 2010. It was entirely produced by John Shanks. The album went to No. 1 in Ireland and No. 3 in the UK. This is their ninth No. 1 in Ireland; this album made Westlife one of the few musical acts to have number-one albums in three consecutive decades (1990s, 2000s, 2010s) in their home country. In March 2011, they began their eleventh major concert tour, the Gravity Tour. This tour marked the first time the group traveled to Oman, Namibia, Guangzhou, and Vietnam for concerts.

Greatest Hits and split (2011–2012)
As of 2011, the group were the longest reigning band and second longest reigning number one music act in the 21st century in UK. On 14 March 2011, Westlife confirmed that they had left Cowell after 13 years and his record label Syco Music after nine years. Byrne said of Cowell: "he got so busy [...] and we needed someone who was on it all the time."

After going back to RCA Records full-time for a one-year album contract, they announced their Greatest Hits album would be released on 21 November 2011. It debuted at No. 1 in Ireland and No. 4 in the UK. The first single "Lighthouse" was released in November 2011. A follow-up promotional single "Beautiful World" was released the same month. The Greatest Hits Tour was announced on 18 October 2011, with dates in the UK confirmed for May 2012. Stereoboard reported that the tour sold out within minutes. The farewell tour consisted of eight dates in China and 33 in the UK and Ireland; in total, the band sold 489,694 tickets from the tour. On 19 October 2011, Westlife officially announced they were splitting following the tour.

ITV commissioned a one-off music event titled Westlife: For the Last Time. Another show, The Westlife Show: Live, was broadcast on 1 November 2011. Following this, they were guests on The Late Late Show. They were honored at that time by the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) with four specially commissioned bar stools to mark 49 performances at the venue for over 380,000 fans, selling more tickets than any other act. The band had their final concert on 23 June 2012 at Croke Park Stadium in Ireland. The 82,300 capacity show was sold out in 4 minutes. Due to this popular demand, an extra date was added at Croke Park on 22 June 2012, which also sold out. Combined, there was a total of 187,808 spectators on both nights, exceeding the capacity of the stadium. Their last concert was screened live in more than 300 cinemas in the United Kingdom, and 200 cinemas worldwide. They released a DVD of the show, which went to number 1 in both UK and Irish charts. That year they were the 34th top-grossing tour act with earnings of $35.2 million (€27 million). Following the split, all four members released albums and singles individually.

Reunion, Spectrum, and tour (2018–2020)
On 23 September 2018, it was reported that the group was signed to Universal Music Group for a new five-year album and tour deal with Virgin EMI Records. On 3 October 2018, the group formally announced that they were working on new music. McFadden was not involved in the reformation, saying in an interview with Closer Magazine, "I only met the guys when I joined the band and have no regrets about leaving." On 19 December 2018, Egan and Feehily posted a picture of the group's first rehearsals together in six years.

"Hello My Love", their first single since 2011 was released on 10 January 2019. Their first UK performance in seven years and of the single was on The Graham Norton Show on 11 January 2019. They also performed the single on the 24th National Television Awards on 22 January 2019. Their first Irish performance and television appearance together was on the final night of Dancing With the Stars Ireland on 24 March 2019. The single peaked at number 13 in the UK and reached number two in Ireland and Scotland. The single was certified Gold in the UK seven months after its premiere. In Ireland, it has a 2× Platinum certification.

Their eleventh studio album Spectrum was released on 15 November 2019. The album peaked at number one in Ireland, Scotland, and the UK. It was certified Gold in the UK and Platinum in Ireland. The second single from the album was "Better Man". It reached number two on the UK Singles Sales Chart and Scottish Singles Chart. The third single, "Dynamite", was released on 5 July 2019. The fourth single from the album, "My Blood", was released on 25 October 2019. "My Blood" peaked at number ninety-six on the UK Singles Chart and at number six on the Scottish Singles Chart. It also peaked at number forty-six in the Irish Singles Chart.

On 17 October 2018, Westlife announced The Twenty Tour and said: "Every country that wants to see Westlife will see us at some point. We won't step away from this until we've managed to tour the world." They hired the Cirque du Soleil team for the production, stage design, and routines of the tour. The second day of the tour in Croke Park had a live film broadcast in selected cinemas on 6 July 2019.  This was released in a video album in different formats on 13 March 2020. It reached the number one in UK and Ireland and stayed at the top spot for more than thirty weeks on their official charts.

On 13 September 2019, they announced the Stadiums in the Summer Tour which was scheduled to begin the following year. However, it was postponed until 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Wild Dreams (2021–present)

On 17 March 2021, they formally announced that they signed a new album deal through Warner Music UK and East West Records.

They performed on a BBC Radio 2 event on Ulster Hall, Belfast on 25 August 2021 that was broadcast on 10 September 2021.

"Starlight", the lead single from their twelfth studio album, was released on 14 October 2021. The album, Wild Dreams, was released on 26 November 2021.

On 29 October 2021, a new schedule for their renamed fourteenth concert tour, The Wild Dreams Tour, was released. It included fourteen new dates and venues, with eight more dates added later. They announced that their Wembley Stadium date would be streamed live in various cinemas in Europe. On 17 December 2021, a Westlife concert filmed at London's Bush Hall Venue and broadcast by Tencent's WeChat (Weixin) in China had an audience of almost 28 million. They were special guest performers on the Backstreet Boys livestream concert on the same platform on 24 June 2022.

On 14 August 2023, Westlife announced their first ever tour dates in Canada and the United States. They will be performing in Toronto, Boston, New York City, and Chicago in March 2024.

Public image and endorsements
Westlife's debut album and single coincided with the apogee of boy band popularity. They had album certifications in Brazil, Mexico, the Philippines, and the United States as well. They had more than 50,000 official fans club members in mainland China alone in 2006. In 2009, "Flying Without Wings" was listed as the seventh most popular song for the wedding's first dances in the UK. In 2012, their version of "You Raise Me" and also "Flying Without Wings" made it to the top 20 most popular songs used at funerals. In 2016, three of their songs ("I'll See You Again", "Flying Without Wings", and "You Raise Me Up") made it on the top pop music choices for funerals in Ireland.

The band performed for the Sultan of Brunei and was paid £2.5 million to play a private concert of seven songs. They also performed at the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in 2000, 2005, and 2009. They also played for Queen Elizabeth II twice, Barack Obama and for Pope John Paul II. They were the first ever pop band to top the entertainment bill at the Vatican City and a private concert for the Pope.

Their second studio album Coast to Coast received additional products, mostly in Asia, that included MRT transport ticket, picture card calendar, postcard set, signed fold-out poster, glossy slipcase and Filofax. They received sponsorship from Tayto in 2000 and for their concert tours from Calvin Klein in 2001, Adidas in 2002, and Volkswagen in 2011. A book written by the members of Westlife was released on 16 June 2008 by HarperCollins UK Publishing titled 'Westlife - Our Story', as part of their 10th-year celebration. The band released two perfume gift sets, "X" and "With Love".

Charitable support
The group has supported various charitable causes. They were involved in the "Helping For Haiti" charity single that was released in February 2010, as well as releasing a cover version of "Uptown Girl" for Comic Relief.

They have participated in a Royal British Legion poppy appeal, Irish Blood for Life 2004 and did an advertisement for Galway's Irish Water Safety campaign. They also lent their support to the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS). On 4 November 2005, they performed with other music artists at the Coca-Cola Dome in Johannesburg, South Africa for The "Unite of the Stars" Gala Banquet charity concert that supports four charities: the Nelson Mandela Children's Fund, Unite Against Hunger, St. Mary's Hospital and the Topsy Foundation. They also performed live for charity on Sport Relief, Macmillan Cancer Support, Croí, Western Alzheimer's, O'Dwyer Cheshire Home, Mayo Cancer Support Group, Marie Keating Foundation, Outward Bound Trust, ChildLine, Children in Need, Sheffield's Children Hospital. They had also helped for auctions on Meningitis Research Foundation, Carlton Celebrity Auction for Centrepoint (for the homeless), the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and The Samaritans), Zutto charity painting, Pushing The Envelope (for National Literacy Trust). They've been involved also with the following organizations: Royal National Institute for the Deaf (RNID), Cancer Research UK, United Nations' World Food Programme (WFP), Muscle Help Foundation, Global Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign and Real Man campaign. They are also included as ambassadors of The Irish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (ISPCC).

Members
 Shane Filan – main vocalist (Melody/1st Tenor) (1998–2012, 2018–present)
 Mark Feehily – main vocalist (1st Tenor) (1998–2012, 2018—present)
 Nicky Byrne – sub vocalist (2nd Tenor/Baritone) (1998–2012, 2018–present)
 Kian Egan – sub vocalist (Bass), occasional live instruments (1998–2012, 2018–present)
 Brian McFadden – lead and sub vocalist (Baritone) (1998–2004)

Timeline

Discography

 Westlife (1999)
 Coast to Coast (2000)
 World of Our Own (2001)
 Turnaround (2003)
 ...Allow Us to Be Frank (2004)
 Face to Face (2005)
 The Love Album (2006)
 Back Home (2007)
 Where We Are (2009)
 Gravity (2010)
 Spectrum (2019)
 Wild Dreams (2021)

Awards and nominations

Tours

Concert tours
Headlining
 East Meets Westlife Tour (2000)
 Where Dreams Come True Tour (2001)
 World of Our Own Tour (2002)
 Unbreakable Tour (2003)
 Turnaround Tour (2004)
 Number Ones Tour (2005)
 Face to Face Tour (2006)
 The Love Tour (2007)
 Back Home Tour (2008)
 Where We Are Tour (2010)
 Gravity Tour (2011)
 The Greatest Hits Tour (2012)
 The Twenty Tour (2019)
 Wild Dreams Tour (2022-2024)

Supporting

 Boyzone – Where We Belong Tour (1998)

Promotional tours
 1998–2012; 2018–present UK and Ireland Tour
 1999 European, East Asian and Southeast Asian Tour
 2000 European, North American, South American and Asian Tour
 2001, 2002 European, Korean, Mexican and United States Tour
 2003 European, Hong Kong, Japan, and Malaysian Tour
 2005, 2006 European, Taiwan Tour
 2007 Australian Tour
 2009 Swedish Tour
 2019 Singapore, Indonesian, Chinese, Swedish Tour

See also
 List of best-selling boy bands
 UK Singles Chart records and statistics
 List of artists who reached number one on the UK Singles Chart
 List of best-selling music artists in the United Kingdom in singles sales
 List of artists by number of UK Singles Chart number ones
 List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 2000s
 List of UK Singles Downloads Chart number ones of the 2000s
 List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2000s
 List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
 List of songs that reached number one on the Irish Singles Chart
 List of best-selling albums in the Philippines

References

External links

Brit Award winners
Irish boy bands
Irish pop music groups
1998 establishments in Ireland
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups disestablished in 2012
Musical groups reestablished in 2018
2012 disestablishments in Ireland
2018 establishments in Ireland
Musical groups from Dublin (city)
Ballad music groups
Teen pop groups
RCA Records artists
Sony BMG artists
Syco Music artists
Universal Music Group artists
Vocal quartets
Vocal quintets
World Music Awards winners
EMI Records artists
MTV Europe Music Award winners

Westlife


Robert "Bob" Wood, (born October 10, 1949) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He was as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 to 2003 who represented the southern Ontario ridings of London South and London West.

Background
Wood was educated at the University of Western Ontario, receiving a law degree in 1970. He practiced law in London, Ontario after his graduation, and was the proprietor of the firm Walker and Wood. He also served on the Board of Managers for St. Paul's Cathedral in London, and was the Board Chairman for the Western Ontario Therapeutic Community Hostel.

Politics
Wood ran for the Ontario legislature in the provincial election of 1990, placing third in London South against incumbent Liberal Joan Smith and the winner, New Democrat David Winninger.  He ran in the same riding in the 1995 provincial election, and easily defeated Winninger and Smith to become the riding's MPP.  In the provincial election of 1999, he was re-elected over Liberal candidate Darrel Skidmore by only 294 votes in the redistributed riding of London West.

Wood was regarded as a maverick right-winger in the Progressive Conservative caucus. He supported the Reform Party of Canada at the federal level, and holds socially conservative opinions on several issues, including abortion. During his first term in the legislature, he introduced a private-member's bill which would have mandated a 45-day waiting period for couples wishing to marry, unless they agreed to eight hours of counselling. He also criticized a government grant to Anti-Racist Action in 1999, describing the group as a leftist organization given to violence. It was probably for these reasons that Wood was never appointed to cabinet by Mike Harris or Ernie Eves.  Wood also criticized his government's plan to reform the provincial system of legal billing.

Wood lost his seat to Liberal Chris Bentley by over 10,000 votes in the 2003 provincial election. He remains politically active in the London region, and in November 2004 criticized the Liberal government of Dalton McGuinty for its handling of London's hospital system.

Wood supported Frank Klees for the leadership of the Ontario PC Party in 2004.

References

External links

1949 births
Lawyers in Ontario
Living people
Politicians from London, Ontario
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario MPPs
University of Western Ontario alumni
Western Law School alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians

Bob Wood (Ontario MPP)


King of the Underworld is a 1939 American crime drama film starring Humphrey Bogart as a gangster and Kay Francis as a doctor forced to treat him. It was directed by Lewis Seiler. It is a remake of the 1935 film Dr. Socrates, which was based on a short story by W. R. Burnett.

Plot
Married doctors Niles and Carole Nelson save the life of a gangster shot in a gunfight. Joe Gurney, the patient's boss, gives Niles $500 as a reward, and suggests he take his "million dollar hands" uptown, where he can treat the rich. Niles takes his suggestion, but soon neglects his practice for his addiction: betting on the horses.

The doctor also starts treating Joe's gang without telling his wife. One night, he is called away to do just that. Suspicious, Carole follows him. When the police raid the gang's hideout, a shootout ensues and Niles is killed while Joe and his gang escape.

Though the district attorney has no case, he charges Carole with being guilty of being married to Niles just to put on a good show for the public. The corrupt trial ends in a hung jury, but her medical license remains at stake.  She is given three months to prove her innocence or the license will be revoked. She relocates with her Aunt Josephine to a town, Wayne Center, where two of Joe's men have been jailed, hoping to get in touch with the gangster.

While on his way to free his men, Joe has a flat tire. He and his amateur gang initially suspects nearby wanderer Bill Stevens of having shot at him, but then a nail is extracted from the tire. When Bill mentions that he has written a book about the mistakes that brought about Napoleon's downfall, Joe becomes very interested, as he is a great admirer of the French dictator. He offers Bill a ride. Bill makes the mistake of accepting, and soon finds himself shot in the shoulder when Joe and his gang rescue their comrades from the sheriff. Bill is caught.

When local Doctor Sanders refuses to treat the alleged criminal, Carole extracts the bullet. However, Bill is unable to provide her any useful information about Joe. When Bill's claims are confirmed, he is released. He goes to thank Carole. Aunt Josephine persuades him to stay with them for a week to recuperate.

Joe has Bill kidnapped in the middle of the night so that he can ghostwrite Joe's autobiography. Joe likes Bill's suggestion for the title, Joe Gurney: the Napoleon of Crime, but Bill overhears his plan to kill him after the book is finished.

Carole is brought, blindfolded, to remove a bullet from Joe's arm, received during the rescue. Before being released, she is told that Bill will be killed if she alerts the authorities.

When Joe's wound gets worse, he sends for her again. He also complains about his eyes. Carole takes a sample to analyze at home. When she is warned that the sheriff and government men are coming to arrest her (a $100 bill Joe gave her was traced to a robbery), she devises a plan. She returns to Joe's hideout and tells him he has a serious infection, one that will make him go blind in six hours unless it is treated immediately with eye drops. She also insists the infection is so contagious she needs to treat all of the gang. Suspicious, Joe makes her administer the medicine to Bill first. Meanwhile, her aunt gives the police Joe's location, but begs them to wait until midnight to give the medication time to temporarily blind the recipients. The plan works. The blind gangsters return fire, but soon give themselves up. Joe tries to track Carole and Bill through the house, but is eventually gunned down by the police.

Bill becomes a successful writer, and he and Carole have a son.

Cast
 Humphrey Bogart as Joe Gurney
 Kay Francis as Dr. Carole Nelson
 James Stephenson as Bill Stevens
 John Eldredge as Dr. Niles Nelson
 Jessie Busley as Aunt Josephine
 Arthur Aylesworth as Dr. Sanders
 Raymond Brown as Sheriff
 Harland Tucker as Mr. Ames
 Ralph Remley as Mr. Robert
 Charley Foy as Slick
 Murray Alper as Eddie
 Joe Devlin as Porky
 Elliott Sullivan as Mugsy
 Alan Davis as Pete
 John Harmon as Slats
 John Ridgely as Jerry
 Richard Bond as Interne
 Pierre Watkin as District Attorney
 Charles Trowbridge as Dr. Ryan
 Edwin Stanley as Dr. Jacobs (credited as Ed Stanley)
 Sidney Bracey as Bert, the Farmer (uncredited)
 Al Lloyd as Drug Store Clerk (uncredited)
 Mickey Kuhn as "Sonny" Stevens (uncredited)

References

External links

1939 films
1939 crime drama films
American crime drama films
American black-and-white films
Films based on works by W. R. Burnett
Films directed by Lewis Seiler
American gangster films
Warner Bros. films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films

King of the Underworld (1939 film)


Wiglaf is a character in the epic poem Beowulf. He is the orphaned son of a warrior king who enters the service of Beowulf, who is now the king of the Geats. He assists the warrior king in his battle against a dragon which has attacked his kingdom. Beowulf is incapacitated, but Wiglaf comes to help him and eventually the dragon dies after it is stabbed (cut with a blade) in the throat. The old king is severely injured and asks to see the dragon's treasure. With his dying words, he crowns Wiglaf as his successor (as he does not have any biological children and all of his forebears have died). Beowulf is then burned in a Norse funeral and Wiglaf rules the kingdom.

Germanic mythology

Wiglaf


Sun Ben ( 190s–200s), courtesy name Boyang, was a cousin of Sun Quan, a Chinese warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and later became the founding emperor of the state of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. He was the eldest son of Sun Qiang, the elder brother of Sun Quan's father Sun Jian. He first served Sun Jian in the campaign against Dong Zhuo. After Sun Jian's death, he took control of the army and went to serve Yuan Shu. He would soon rejoin Sun Ce (Sun Jian's eldest son and successor). He died of illness after the Battle of Red Cliffs. He was succeeded by his son Sun Lin (孫鄰).

Life
Sun Ben was the elder son of Sun Qiang, the elder brother of Sun Jian. Sun Qiang died early, and so his sons were taken in by their uncle. Sun Ben followed his uncle in battle after Sun Jian's return from Luoyang, and led a unit during Sun Jian's attack on Liu Biao. When Sun Jian died, Sun Ben, being older than Sun Ce, gathered many of the soldiers and generals and went to Yuan Shu, who had been Sun Jian's overlord.

Sun Ben served under Yuan Shu for a time, along with Sun Jian's brother-in-law, Wu Jing (the brother of Sun Jian's wife Lady Wu). He served as Inspector of Yu Province, but the position was mostly nominal, for he was still young. He met Zhou Yu, and joined him to aid Wu Jing, who was under attack from Liu Yao. Sun Ce soon arrived as well, and both Zhou Yu and Sun Ben joined his army. Wu Jing was saved, and Sun Ben was reunited with his family under Yuan Shu.

As a reward for his duties, Sun Ben was made Grand Administrator of Yuzhang Commandery, while Sun Fu was sent to Luling Commandery. When Yuan Shu went out to battle Liu Bei, Sun Ben was assigned to defend Shouchun. When Yuan Shu declared himself emperor, Sun Ben, Wu Jing, Zhou Yu and Lu Su all abandoned him and joined Sun Ce. Sun Ben's wife and children, however, were detained in the city and were unable to join him until later.

In 197, Sun Ce and Lü Bu allied with each other to defeat Yuan Shu. Sun Ben and Sun Fu led the attack against Liu Xun, easily scoring a victory.

In 200, Sun Ce died, and both Sun Ben and Sun Fu were uneasy about the young Sun Quan being his heir, both being his elder. The two were stationed in Yuzhang when Cao Cao began his advance southward. Sun Fu wrote a letter intending to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was stripped of all rank, and his advisors were executed. Sun Ben also was contemplating surrender, but it is said that Zhu Zhi dissuaded him, and he served at the Battle of Red Cliffs. A few months after, however, Sun Ben died of illness. His son, Sun Lin, succeeded him.

At the time of his death, it is said that an edict was in Sun Ben's possession – an edict delivered from the capital offering him a high rank under Cao Cao. It is possible that Sun Ben died of distress.

Family

See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
 Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).

Generals under Sun Quan
2nd-century births
3rd-century deaths
Politicians from Hangzhou
Political office-holders in Jiangxi

Sun Ben


Kevin Michael Costner (born 18 Januar 1955 in Lynwood, Californie) is an American actor an director. He wis kent for his roles as Lieutenant Dunbar in Dances with Wolfs, Ben Randall in The Guardian, an as Jonathan Kent in Man of Steel.

1955 births
20t-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American country sangsters
American country sangster-sangwriters
American film directors
American film producers
American male film actors
American male televeesion actors
American male vyce actors
American fowk o Cherokee strynd
American fowk o Inglis strynd
American fowk o German strynd
American fowk o Erse strynd
American fowk o Native American strynd
American fowk o Scots strynd
American fowk o Swiss strynd
American fowk o Welsh strynd
Baptists frae the Unitit States
Best Directin Academy Awaird winners
Best Director Gowden Globe winners
Best Miniseries or Televeesion Movie Actor Gowden Globe winners
Californie Democrats
Californie State Varsity, Fullerton alumni
Directors Guild of America Awaird winners
Inglis-leid film directors
Film directors frae Californie
Film producers frae Californie
Gowden Globe Awaird-winnin producers
Livin fowk
Male actors frae Los Angeles
Male actors frae the Greater Los Angeles Aurie
Male actors o German strynd
Male Western film actors
Ootstaundin Performance bi a Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Awaird winners
Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Televeesion Movie Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners
Fowk frae Lynwood, Californie
Actors frae Orange Coonty, Californie
Producers that wan the Best Pictur Academy Awaird
Show Dog-Universal Music airtists
Sangwriters frae Californie
Western film directors
Fowk frae Compton, Californie
Ootstaundin Performance bi a Cast in a Motion Pictur Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners

Kevin Costner