Pamela Uschuk is an American poet, and 2011 Visiting Poet at University of Tennessee.  She won a 2010 American Book Award, for Crazy Love: New Poems.

Life
Born in 1953 and raised on a farm in Michigan, she received her B.A. In English (cum laude) from Central Michigan University.
She graduated from the University of Montana with a MFA in Poetry and Fiction.

Uschuk has taught creative writing at Marist College, Pacific Lutheran University, Fort Lewis College, the University of Arizona, Salem College, where she was also Director of the Center for Women Writers, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado, where she was Associate Professor of Creative Writing.

She has also taught at Greenhaven Maximum Security Prison for Men in upstate New York  and in Indigenous schools on the Salish, Sioux, Assiniboine, Northern Cheyenne, Flathead, Blackfeet, Crow, Tohono O'odham and Yaqui nations.

Uschuk leads poetry workshops across the country. She is on the faculty at Ghost Ranch Jan Term, where she teaches a three-week mixed-genre writing intensive.  She teaches creative writing classes at the University of Arizona's Poetry Center.

Her literary prizes include The American Book Award (Crazy Love, Wings Press, 2010), the Dorothy Daniels Writing Award from the American League of PEN Women, Simi Valley, the King's English Poetry Prize, the New Millennium Poetry Prize, the Iris Poetry Prize, The Ronald H. Bayes Poetry Prize, and the Tucson/Pima Literature Prize (FINDING PEACHES IN THE DESERT), winningwriters War Poetry Prize and  Struga Poetry Prize for a theme poem.  She has also won awards and honors from the Chester H. Jones Foundation, Wildwood Journal, and Amnesty International.

Her work has been translated into over a dozen languages, and it appears over 300 journals and anthologies worldwide, including Agni, American Voice, Asheville Poetry Review, Nimrod, Parabola, Parnassus, Ploughshares, Poetry, and Southeast Review.

Uschuk was the judge for the 2012 Naugatuck River Review Narrative Poetry Prize.

She married poet William Pitt Root; they live in Tucson, Arizona.  During the summer, they hike and kayak near Durango, Colorado.

Works

 Blood Flower, Wings Press, 2015,
 Wild In The Plaza of Memory, Wings Press, 2012,
 Crazy Love: New Poems, 'Wings Press, 2009,
 Heartbeats in Stones Codhill Press, 2005,
 Scattered Risks Wings Press, 2005,
 One-Legged Dancer Wings Press, 2002,
 Finding Peaches in the Desert Wings Press, 2000,

 Without Birds, Without Flowers, Without Trees, Flume Press, 1990,
 Light From Dead Stars. Full Count. 1981.

In Anthology

  Continental Drift, editor, Drucilla Wall, publisher University of Nebraska Press, 2017.

Edited
Cutthroat, a Journal of the Arts, 2008, Volume 4, Issue 1,
"Cutthroat, a Journal of the Arts," 2011, Volume 12, Issue 1,
THE BEST OF CUTTHROAT, VOLUME 20, Issue 1
TRUTH TO POWER:  WRITERS RESPOND TO THE RHETORIC OF HATE AND FEAR, 2017

References

External links
 "Pam Uschuk ~ interviewed by Derek Alger", Pif Magazine, March 13, 2009
 "Pam Uschuk", Wings Press

 https://pamelauschuk.com
 Black Earth Institute – Fellow

Living people
University of Montana alumni
Central Michigan University alumni
Writers from Lansing, Michigan
University of Tennessee people
Poets from Michigan
American women poets
20th-century American poets
Marist College faculty
Pacific Lutheran University faculty
Fort Lewis College faculty
University of Arizona faculty
Salem College faculty
21st-century American poets
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
American Book Award winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women academics

Pamela Uschuk


"Little Talks" is a 2011 debut single by Of Monsters and Men. The song came from the album My Head is an Animal.

In August 2012, the song hit #1 in Ireland on the Irish Singles Chart. It also hit #20 on the Billboard Hot 100.

"Little Talks" was later certified platinum in the United States.

2011 songs
Pop songs

Little Talks


Najbolji Hrvatski Tamburaši (in English Best Croatian Tambura Players) is a Croatian tambura group.

The group was formed in 1983 as Zlatni Dukati. After a tour of America organized by the Croatian Fraternal Union, the band started to compose more music about Croatia. This came to coincide with the Croatian War of Independence which brought such traditional music back into the spotlight.

In 1997 the group changed its name from Zlatni Dukati to Najbolji Hrvatski Tamburaši.  The band was signed to Croatia Records.

History
Zlatni Dukati's first album was titled Ni sokaci nisu što su nekad bili. The album was released by then Jugoton, now Croatia Records. The original band members were:
 Zoran Bucković-prim
 Stanko Šarić-basprim
 Zdravko Šljivac-basprim
 Zeljko Miloš (Yinks)-celo
 Mario Pleše-kontra
 Mato Lukačević-bas
 Marijan Majdak-Vocals

In the above-mentioned formation, Zlatni Dukati played only one season. Lukačević and Šarić continued to play under the name Zlatni Dukati. They were joined with group of tambura players from Štitar in Slavonia. The leader of this group was Šima Dominković and the other members were: Andrija Miličić, Mato Miličić, Mirko Gašparović, Josip Dominković, Mato Lukačević and Stanko Šarić. They were later joined by Hrvoje Majić.

For the next few years, Zlatni Dukati performed exclusively in Slavonia around Županja. In 1985, the group split due to internal problems.

In 1986, Lukačević and Stjepan Bogutovac reformed Zlatni Dukati. The band now consisted of:
 Petar Nikolić-violin
 Hrvoje Majić-basprim
 Mirko Gašparović-basprim
 Stjepan Bogutovac-basprim
 Mato Miličić(Pista)-kontra
 Mato Lukačević-bas

This group also performed around Županja. During 1986 and 19876, Zlatni Dukati played weekly at the "Tavern Kristal".  At the end of 1986, Šarić rejoined the band and Nikolić left it. During the summer of 1987, Zlatni Dukati started its first Croatian tour  with the help of music agency "Lira" from Cakovec. The band members for the tour were:

 Hrvoje Majić-prim
 Mirko Gašparović-basprim
 Stjepan Bogutovac-basprim
 Stanko Šarić-basprim
 Mato Miličić (Pista)-kontra
 Mato Lukačević-bas

In 1988, Zlatni Dukati started working with composer Josip Ivanković and released the album Nek zvone tambure.
After disagreements with Ivanković, Bogutovac left the band. The rest of Zlatni Dukatiand Ivanković then released several successful albums.

During their tour of the United States, Zlatni Dukati decided to record an album of Croatian patriotic songs. The name of that album was Hrvatska Pjesmarica. This release was a great success and contributed to the popularization of tambura music.

During and after the war in 1991, Zlatni Dukati continued to record patriotic songs. That album was U meni Hrvatsk which reportedly boosted the morale of Croatian soldiers on the front lines.

In 1996, due to disagreements, Ivankovic ended his association with Zlatni Dukati. In 1997, due to litigation with Ivankovic, "Zlatni Dukati" changed its name to "Najbolji Hrvatski Tamburaši" . The band released the following albums under its new name: Vranac, Nek me pamte gradovi, Hrvatske pjesme iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Sedam dana, Divne godine, Tamburica od javora suva, Sretan Bozic, Nostalgija and Slavonijo, biseru Hrvatske.

In 1999 Majić committed suicide and was replaced by Denis Špegelj from Virovitica.  Celo player Krunoslav Golubičić also joined Najbolji Hrvatski Tamburaši

The current members of Najbolji Hrvatski Tamburaši include :

 Denis Špegelj-prim
 Mirko Gašparović-basprim
 Stanko Šarić-basprim
 Krunoslav Golubičić-celo
 Mato Miličić (Pista)-kontra
 Mato Lukačević-bas

Discography
 Nek zvone tambure – 1988
 Pjevaj kad dusa boli – 1989
 Hrvatska pjesmarica – 1989
 Dao bih zlatne dukate – 1990
 Horvatska domovina – 1990
 U meni Hrvatska – 1991
 Klasika – 1991
 16 zlatnih hitova – 1992
 Da su meni krila laka – 1993
 Sretan Bozic – 1993
 Starogradska pjesmarica – 1994
 Od dvora do dvora – 1994
 Suzivot – 1995
 Vranac – 1996
 Nek me pamte gradovi – 1998
 Hrvatske pjesme iz Bosne i Hercegovine – 1999
 Sedam dana – 2001
 Divne godine – 2003
 Tamburica od javora suva – 2004
 Sretan Bozic – 2005
 Nostalgija – 2007
 Zlatna kolekcija (Zlatni dukati) – 2007
 Zlatna kolekcija (Najbolji hrvatski tamburasi) – 2007
 Slavonijo, biseru Hrvatske – 2010

Croatian musical groups
Croatian folk musicians

Najbolji hrvatski tamburaši


Sebilian is a pre-historic archaeological culture in Egypt spanning the period c.13,000-10,000 B.C.

Location

The culture is known by the name given by Edmond Vignard to finds he located at Kom Ombo on the banks of the river Nile from 1919 continuing into the 1920s.

Nine sites were found by A. Marks in the area of the Wadi Halfa; Wendorf located three approximately 10 kilometres from Abu Simbel. The culture is located in entirety only in proximity to the Nile, ranging from Wadi Halfa to Qena.

Dating

The culture was dated by Vignard as spanning the period c.13,000-10,000 B.C.

Dating by way of geology shows the industry to have occurred within a period 15,000 - 10,500 B.C though the industry has been subsequently re-established sui generis as emerging during 13,000 BC.

Later archaeology had identified the Sebilian as having occurred during the same periods of time as those industries named the Silsilian, and the Sebekian of Upper Egypt that occurred 12,000 B.C. or perhaps earlier.

Vignard's analysis of the findings have been criticised, and later re-evaluated by P.E.L. Smith and Fekri Hassan though are considered to have given life to the modern field of investigation into a hitherto unknown (or only surmised) area of pre-history of Egypt.

Characteristics

Sebilian implements were located along the Nile River at the 10–15 foot terraces.
The formal characteristics of the finds indicate a development of technique that passed through three phases.

SEBILIAN I were formally akin to Mousteroid tool-points, using a technique typical of the levallois diorite based industry, with few microburins present archaeologically.
SEBILIAN II and III tools were made using a technique indicative of a microblade industry that had changed the production material to flint with a much greater number of microburins found.

The industry was re-designated SEBILIAN based on those previously classified type I, and described as crudely produced, possibly resultant of the necessities of the occasional opportunities for groups engaged in hunting activities.

The dietary manifestations evidenced were of the sort expected from a semi-sedentary population living near to the Nile river, namely fish, and much less frequently crocodile and turtle.

References

Archaeological cultures in Egypt
Predynastic Egypt
Upper Paleolithic cultures of Africa

Sebilian


Imploding Cube is a public artwork by American sculptor John Simms. It is located on the grounds of the ARTSPARK at the Indianapolis Art Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.

Description

Number five in a series, Imploding Cube consists of a 1.5-metre cube made of aircraft aluminium mounted on one of its apices. Each face of the cube points inwards to create a cube- shaped negative space at the centre of itself. A bearing sits underneath the apex, which stands on a pole, allowing the cube to revolve in the wind. The sculpture stands in a reflecting pool.

Acquisition

This sculpture was acquired as a permanent addition to the Art Center's ARTSPARK. A gift of Bob and Pat Anker, Imploding Cube was purchased from Shidoni Gallery and Foundry in Tesuque, New Mexico, in the winter of 2002.

About the artist

Born in Rochester, New York, and a self-taught artist, most of Simms' work involves the use of geometric forms such as circles, triangles and rectangles. Simms generally creates a maquette which can often weigh upwards of fifty pounds. Influenced by Euclidean geometry, his larger works are created from aluminum or steel, with smaller and medium-sized works being created out of copper, stainless steel or bronze. A finish is usually placed upon the sculptures to add texture and color. Simms has exhibited work at the Grand Teton Music Festival and other regional Western events and his artwork is also seen in permanent collections of the Science Museum Oklahoma, the Bellevue Downtown Park, Hudson Gardens, among others. Simms lives and works in Jackson, Wyoming, where he is represented by Diehl Gallery.

References

External links
Imploding Cube from the International Sculpture Center
Imploding Cube video showing the artwork in motion

Indianapolis Art Center artworks
Cubic sculpture
Outdoor sculptures in Indianapolis
Aluminum sculptures in Indiana
2000 sculptures

Imploding Cube


Michael Maschka (born 1962 in Augsburg) is a German painter, sculptor, graphic artist and designer. He is an artist of Fantastic Realism.

Life
While growing up in Augsburg, Michael Maschka came into contact with Renaissance and Baroque art at an early age. Although he hardly received artistic impulses from his middle-class family environment he soon discovered his passion for drawing and painting. After he completed his artistic education at the Staatliche Fachoberschule Augsburg (technical college), Maschka went to Berlin in 1983. He began to study social pedagogy after he was rejected by the Berlin University of the Arts (UdK). This was his profession until 1993. At the same time he exhibited his works in Augsburg and Berlin. As a follower of Surrealism and Fantastic Realism he met his great idol the Austrian artist Ernst Fuchs, who was one of the founders of the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism, in 1994. Fuchs promoted Maschka. As his assistant Maschka worked with him on several projects such as the Fuchs' church in Thal near Graz. Since then he has participated in exhibitive projects in Europe and further afield. Until 2014 he was a member of "Dali's heirs", a group which was founded by Roger M. Erasmy in 2003, and celebrated successes in France and Germany with the Dali railway wagon. As one of the founders of Labyrinthe (Association for Phantastic and Visionary Arts, founded 2001), Michael Maschka has made it his goal to care for the life's work of Edgar Ende and to make it available to the public by means of exhibitions. In this framework he wants to bring young artists and promoters of Fantastic Realism together. Nowadays he lives in Nördlingen, Bavaria, Germany.

Work
Michael Maschka is a representative of Fantastic Realism. The formal approach in his pictures is realistic and is influenced by the care that the Old Masters took. He meticulously applies the techniques of the Old Masters to underline the message in his pictures. The viewer should be beguiled by the puzzles that his fantastic pictures present and by the sensuality that is tangible. He uses the vocabulary of the visible reality to trace the invisible structures of a spiritual reality that he has perceived. The motif nudity which appears in many of his pictures does not represent a projection surface for sexuality but is a symbol for naturalness and vulnerability. The female figure appears in his pictures in the form of the anima, the unconscious side of the soul of the male. By means of painting and etching he tries to bring out the unveiled and vulnerable self and to present it pictorially. In doing so he wants to bring the inner and outer picture into harmony.

Maschka wants to sharpen the perception of the observer so that he looks behind the scenes of his personally constructed world. In his pictures Maschka often refers to motifs of German and Greek Mythology, because for him they include the universal language of the archetypes, a language which over thousands of years has remained uninfluenced by time and cultural influences and is understood intuitively by mankind. These motifs, that always rotate around the topics of destruction and renewal within nature or mankind, form a basic part of his pictorial language. This should lay bare conceptual approaches that have been long believed forgotten but have lived on in our subconscious. The symbolism of his pictures aims to cause the viewer to ponder and discover anew appreciation for the world that is not immediately available behind the visible reality.

Exhibitions (selection)
 1994: Du Fantastique au Visionnaire, Le Zittele, Venice, Italy
 1997: An den Quellen der Phantastik, Galerie Villa Rolandseck, Remagen, Germany
 1998: Fantastic Realism, St. Petersburg Museum, Otaru, Japan
 2001: Mythen – Bilder verborgener Welten, Schloss Honhardt, Baden Württemberg, Germany
 2002: Parfums des femmes, 3. Biennale der Phantastischen Kunst, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Paris, France
 2002: The Hart Gallery, Palm Desert, California, USA
 2003: Les héritiers de Dali, Espace Berthelot, Lyon, France
 2005: Hommage an H. Ch. Anderson, Schloss Voergaard, Denmark
 2005: Phantastische Welten, Zitadelle Spandau, Berlin, Germany
 2006: Salon de l'art fantastique européen, Les Thermes, Le Mont Dore, France
 2007: Dalis Erben malen Europa, Europäisches Parlament, Brussels, Belgium
 2007: Apokalypse, Musee d'Art Fantastique de Brussels, Belgium
 2008: Women of the world, Galerie Princesse de Kiev, Nice, France
 2009: International Peace Art Exhibition, Palacio Pignatelli, Barcelona, Spain
 2010: Plastica Narboria, Hotêl de Ville, Saint-Avold, France
 2010: Le Grand Palais, Paris, France
 2011:  SAFE 2011, Le Mont-Dore, France
 2011:  PhantaMorgana, Rathaus Viechtach, Germany
 2012: IMAGO-Phantastic Art, Schloss Riegersburg, Austria
 2012: Dalis Erben, Phantastenmuseum Vienna, Austria
 2013: Michael Maschka, Rathaushalle Kitzingen, Germany
 2013: Dalis Erben, Grand Palais, Paris, France
 2014: Ungleiche Geschwister, Trierenberg Art, Traun, Austria
 2015: Zwischen den Welten, Galerie CALLAS, Bremen, Germany

Awards
 2007: Art Award of the City of Le Mont Dore, France
 2010: Bronce Medal of Société des artistes français, Grand Palais, Paris, France

Publications
 Vom Sehen zum Schauen, 1998 (Monography).
 Der Meisterträumer, 2015 (Novel),

References

Further reading
 Gerhard Habarta: Lexikon der phantastischen Künstler. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany, 2010,
 Kulturverein Kitzingen und Umgebung PAM e.V.: Michael Maschka. Exhibition Catalogue Book, Kitzingen, Germany, 2013
 FANTASMUS Artbooks: IMAGINAIRE VIII – Contemporary Magic Realism, Denmark, 2015,

External links

20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
German male painters
21st-century German painters
21st-century German male artists
German contemporary artists
Fantastic realism
Fantastic art
1962 births
Living people
Artists from Augsburg

Michael Maschka


Cracovia Soccer Club is a football team based in Beechboro, Western Australia, and is the footballing arm of the Cracovia Club, a Polish Australian community organisation.

History
The club was formed in 1950 at St Brigid's Parish Hall by members of the Perth Polish Australian community. The club was named Polish Sport Club Cracovia after the city of Kraków in Poland. It is a name shared by Polish team Cracovia. The club was initially based in Perth before moving to premises in Barlee Street, Highgate in 1972. The club was based in Highgate until 1990 when it moved to its current location in Beechboro.

Success
In 1965, after a number of seasons in the lower divisions of the Western Australia State League, Cracovia with the assistance of the Polish Olympic Committee recruited a number of seasoned Polish footballers including Władysław Musiał, Paweł Sobek, Zygmunt Pieda and Henryk Lukoszek. Success was immediate with Cracovia winning the first division in 1965 and the State League in 1966.

Decline
After a decade near the top of the State League Cracovia were relegated in 1974. From that point the club's success was limited to brief spells in the top flight before leaving the semi-professional competition in the mid-90s to compete in the state amateur competition.

During the early 1980s Bobby Moore played one match as a guest for Cracovia.

Due to regulations of the state soccer federation the club was known as Beechboro White Eagles in the 1990s.

Current
As of 2022, the club plays in the Amateur League Division 3.

References

Soccer clubs in Perth, Western Australia
Association football clubs established in 1955
1955 establishments in Australia
Polish sports clubs in Australia
Polish association football clubs outside Poland

Cracovia SC


Timothy Phillips (born November 30, 1990) is an American competition swimmer. He swam for the Ohio State Buckeyes, earning numerous All-Big Ten and All-America honors.

Swimming career
At the 2010 FINA Short Course World Championships in Dubai, Phillips placed 21st in the 50 m butterfly with a time of 23.47 in qualifying and 14th in the 100 m butterfly with a semifinal time of 51.50.

At the 2011 Summer Universiade in Shenzhen, Phillips earned the first international medal of his career, a gold, in the 50 m butterfly.  On the same day of his 50 m butterfly gold, Phillips then competed in the 4x100 m freestyle relay with Jimmy Feigen, Kohlton Norys, and Robert Savulich. As the second leg, Phillips had a split of 48.96 and the American team won the gold with a time of 3:15.84. In the 100 m butterfly, Phillips won the gold ahead of compatriot Tom Shields in a time of 52.06, becoming the first American man to win the event since 1995. In the 4x100 m medley relay, Phillips earned a silver medal with Rex Tullius, George Klein, and Jimmy Feigen.  As the butterfly leg, Phillips had a split of 52.55.

At the 2012 U.S. Olympic Swimming Trials, Phillips finished the 100 meter butterfly final in sixth place with a time of 52.54 and failed to qualify for the London Olympic Games. His 50 meter split time of 23.62 was the fastest among the eight competitors.

At the 2015 World Aquatics Championships held in Kazan, Russia, Phillips swam the butterfly leg of the 4x100 m medley relay in the qualifying heat. His relay split was 51.03, helping the U.S. to the fastest time for the event final. Even though he did not swim in the event final for the winning U.S. relay team, Phillips earned a gold medal for his participation in the qualifying race.

At the 2016 U.S. Olympic Swimming Trials, Phillips finished the 100 meter butterfly final in fifth place with a time of 51.44 and failed to qualify for the Rio Olympic Games. In the semifinal race, he had finished in second place with a time of 51.28, which was then the fifth-fastest time in the world for the event in 2016.

References

External links

 Tim Phillips – Ohio State University bio

1990 births
Living people
American male butterfly swimmers
American male freestyle swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
FISU World University Games gold medalists for the United States
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 2011 Summer Universiade

Tim Phillips (swimmer)


Max Eyth (; 6 May 1836 – 25 August 1906) was a German engineer and writer.

The house where he was born is now a literature museum (2010).

He was born in Kirchheim unter Teck to Edward Eyth (1809–1884), a teacher of Greek and history at an evangelical seminar and his wife Julie. He lived from 1841 to 1852 in Schöntal Abbey where his father was Ephorus at the Evangelical Seminary Maulbronn and Blaubeuren. Besides his profession, his father wrote books about history and literature history. His mother also was an author.
Young Max spent school time in Heilbronn, and also the first years of his teaching at the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Heilbronn Hahn & Göbel.
From 1852 till 1856, he studied at the Polytechnikum Stuttgart Mechanical engineering. Since this time, he was a member of Corps Stauffia Stuttgart. He collected his first experiences at the steam engine factory Gotthilf Kuhn in Berg near Stuttgart. Although his degree, he had to absolve a training as mechanist before he was allowed to make constructors work. Before this, he made technical drawings.
In 1862, he went to steam plow factory John Fowler in Leeds and overtook foreign agency for steam plows. There were many travels and stays in foreign countries, for example in Egypt and the United States. During the time of the American Civil War, he travelled to Egypt. Egypt tried at this time to become the main producer of cotton for Europe.

Max Eyth founded the German Agricultural Society (DLG) in 1885.

References

External links

 Homepage Max Eyth
 Text from Max Eyth in Projekt Gutenberg-DE
 Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft (DLG)'s Max-Eyth-Stiftungsprofessur
 Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft Agrartechnik im VDI

1906 deaths
1836 births
People from Kirchheim unter Teck
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Engineers from Stuttgart
German male writers
Writers from Baden-Württemberg

Max Eyth


The Festungsbahn is a funicular railway which links Kufstein Fortress with the town of Kufstein below. The carriage holds a maximum of eight people at a time. Named after Emperor Maximilian I, The Kaiser Maximilian Funicular is on the site of the former hoist up to the fortress. The hoist is thought to have been built in the 17th century and was used to transport food, supplies and artillery up to the fortress. The hoist was closed and dismantled in 1965. The funicular opened in 1999 and has two stations, the Festungsneuhof at the bottom and the Schlossrondell at the top.

The funicular does not have a driver and is operated by pressing either the 'up' or 'down' buttons inside the carriage. The track is 50 metres long.

References

Kufstein
Railway lines in Austria
Funicular railways in Austria

Festungsbahn (Kufstein)


Halophiles are organisms that need salt in their environment to live. Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake, or Dead Sea. The name "halophile" comes from Greek for "salt-loving".

Most halophiles are archaeans, but some bacteria and eukaryotes are also halophiles, such as the alga Dunaliella salina.

Lifestyle
Most halophilic and salt-eating animals use energy to remove salt from their cytoplasm. Normally, organisms living around a lot of salt would lose water and die because of osmosis. Water inside the organism would move from inside the cell to its outside environment. This is because there is always movement of water to reach a state where the concentrations of salt are the same on both sides of the cell membrane.

To survive, the cytoplasm of halophiles must be isotonic with its environment.

To get to this state, halophiles use two different methods. In the first (mainly used by bacteria, some archaea, yeasts, algae and fungi), organic compounds are stored in the cytoplasm. These compounds help the organism survive the stress of osmosis. The most commonly used solutes for this process are neutral and include amino acids and sugars. Advantages to this method are that organisms can live in a wider range of salt concentrations. Also, if proteins are not exposed to high salt levels, they do not have to adapt to high salt levels. It requires the organism to use much more energy then the adaption below.

The second, less common adaptation, is the selective intake  of potassium (K+) ions into the cytoplasm. In exchange, the organism pumps sodium (Na+) ions out with the help of the sodium-potassium pump. Ions of sodium may be used instead of potassium, but potassium is the most common. This adaptation is only used by one order of bacteria and one family of Archaea. An advantage to this method is that it uses much less energy than the adaption above. The main disadvantage to this adaption is that all of the machinery inside the cell (enzymes, structural proteins, etc.) must be adapted to high levels of non-organic ions, and high salt levels. This is much more demanding than the adaptation described above.

Most halophilic organisms only use one of the two methods, but a few  halophiles can use both.

Categorization
Halophiles are categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best. Halophiles can either be categorized as slight halophiles, moderate halophiles, or extreme halophiles. Slight halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt around 2% to 5%. An example of a slight halophile is Erythrobacter flavus. Slight halophiles live in mud on the ocean floor, in seawater, and in garden soil.

Moderate halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt around 5% to 20%. Examples of moderate halophiles are organisms in the genera Desulfovibrio, Desulfocella, Desulfohalobium, and Desulfotomaculum. Moderate halophiles live in marine salterns, saline lakes, in matter at the bottom of the sea, and in oil brine fields.

Extreme halophiles grow best in concentrations of salt from 20% to 30%. Examples of extreme halophiles are Salinibacter ruber and organisms in the Halobacteria class. Extreme halophiles live in the Dead Sea in the Middle East and in man-made solar salterns (lakes used for making sea salt).

Importance and uses

In nature

Halophiles play an important part in ecosystems. For example, halophiles often support entire populations of wild birds.

Halophiles are useful for cleaning up polluted environments. Waste water with salt concentrations more than 2% is ideal for halophiles to remove organic pollutants from. For instance, halophiles have been shown to remove phenol (a poisonous chemical) from their environments. This could lead to future use in cleaning up oil spills.

In fermentation
Halophiles play an important part in the fermentation of some foods. For instance, halophiles ferment soy and fish sauces. Halophiles also ferment salted fish.

In biotechnology
Halophilic microorganisms are useful in biotechnology. The compounds that certain halophiles make are valuable. Some of these compounds are not found anywhere else in the living world. The salt-tolerant enzymes that halophiles produce can be used in a variety of ways. For example, these enzymes could be used for rough industrial processes, like food processing.

Some moderate halophiles produce sugars outside the cell. These sugars can be used as thickeners and emulsifiers in the petroleum and medicine industries.

Related pages
 Extremophile
 Haloarchaea
 L'Atalante basin
 Loricifera

References

Sources

Microbiology
Extremophiles

Halophile


The Albany adder is a viper that is less than a foot long and is also a highly venomous snake, native to South Africa. It is the most rare and endangered snake in South Africa. The Albany Adder has a rare brown and red pattern on its scales. It also seems to have horns over its eyebrows. The Adder reaches sexual maturity between 3 and 4 years of age. They can live around 15 years old in the wild.

History
This breed was found in the 1990s. There have only been a dozen found, one was found dead. The last was found and recorded in 2007. A group of reptile experts went looking for this hard to find snake and were only able to find two during their first day. In 2014, the Albany Adder was put on the Critically endangered species list as the most endangered reptile. This snake was a month from being extinct due to the rule of a species not being found and recorded in a ten year span. If not recorded in this time frame, it is labeled as extinct.

Habitat & Habits
Due to the loss of the snake's home there have been few sightings of this snake.  Scientists are keeping the location of the snake a secret in order to save it. There are now rules for their lands. The snakes reside in small plants and tiny trees. Reptile experts know nearly nothing about the what the Albany Adder eats, how they have babies, and the way they act.

Scientists know what other Adders eat, how they have babies, and how they behave. They have reason to believe that these habits are similar to the Albany Adder.

Adders eat small Mammals. small Reptiles, nesting Birds, and Amphibians. Scientists think Albany Adders mate nearly the same way as other Adders. Females can produce around 10-12 babies who go off on their own shortly after being born.

References

Vipers
South Africa
Reptiles of Africa

Albany adder


Emilio Á|lvarez Lejarza (25 October 1884 – 15 October 1969) was a Nicaraguan government official and jurist.

Biography

In 1884, Emilio Álvarez Lejarza was born on 25 October in Granada, Nicaragua Central America.

In 1904 (age 20), Álvarez Lejarza received a bachelor's degree from the Instituto Nacional de Oriente of Granada. While working towards his degree, he taught courses in mathematics and grammar at the same institute. He went on to postgraduate study of law and in 1917 (age 33), he obtained the degree of Doctor en Derecho from the Universidad de Oriente.

He returned to law practice in Nicaragua. Subsequently, he was appointed a district judge and later became the youngest justice of the Supreme Court of Nicaragua. Among his public offices, he served as extraordinary and plenipotentiary minister to the Republic of Honduras, Minister of Public Education, and Senator of the Republic. He prepared the "Code of Professional Morals", which was approved by the Technical Council of Public Education on 25 October 1945. For his academic achievements, he was made permanent secretary of the Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua. He also became director of the Academy of Geography and History.

Álvarez Lejarza was an outspoken member of the Conservative Party. In 1950 (age 66), he was chosen by the Party as spokesman to negotiate with the Liberals, then in power. He held discussions directly with President Somoza's son, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, and was primarily responsible for the resulting Pact of the Generals, referring to the principal signers: General Anastasio Somoza García and General Emiliano Chamorro Vargas.

Álvarez Lejarza was the father of Emilio Álvarez Montalván, noted ophthalmologist and political writer. In 1925 (age 41), his second marriage was with Josefa Margarita Chamorro Zelaya, a granddaughter of former President Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro and a niece of former president Diego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños. He subsequently wrote an essay entitled
"Recorrido Histórico de las principales figuras de la familia Chamorro"
which presents a brief characterization of several Chamorro family members.

In 1969 (aged 84), Emilio Álvarez Lejarza died on 15 October in Managua, Nicaragua.

Honors

 Commander of the Order of Isabel the Catholic (Spain)
 Grand Cross of the Sovereign Imperial Order of Constantine the Great
 Honorary Consul of Spain in Nicaragua
 Knight Commander of the Order of Saint Gregory the Great, with Grand Medal of Silver (Vatican)
 Official of the Order of the Quetzal (Guatemala)

Bibliography

 Abolición de la esclavitud en Nicaragua (1962). La Prensa, 10 January 1962, p. 2.
 Apuntes del Uti Possídetis juris de 1821, de la República de Nicaragua.
 Biografía de José León Sandova1.
 Las Constituciones de Nicaragua (1958). Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispánica.
 Curso completo de Hístoria del Derecho.
 El Liberalismo en los 30 Años (1964). RCPC, Vol. 10, No. 51, December 1964, p. 23-36.

References

 Sources consulted

 Obituary of Dr. Álvarez Lejarza, La Prensa, 17 October 1969.
 Genealogia Familia Chamorro, por el Dr. Emilio Álvarez Lejarza (1951). Talleres Tipograficos y Litograficos de la Editorial Catolica, S. A. Managua, Nic.-C. A.

 Endnotes

Nicaraguan male writers
1884 births
1969 deaths
Order of the Quetzal

Emilio Álvarez Lejarza


Clerodendrum tomentosum, known as the downy chance, hairy lolly bush, hairy clairy or hairy clerodendrum  is a shrub or small tree occurring in eastern and northern Australia. Distributed from Batemans Bay (35° S) in southern coastal New South Wales, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western Australia, and New Guinea.

The habitat is the margins of warmer rainforests of various types. It can survive in certain areas of under 1000 mm average annual rainfall.

Name and taxonomy
The curious common name of "downy chance" alludes to both the generic and species names. The generic name Clerodendrum was coined by the father of modern taxonomy, Carl Linnaeus. Clerodendrum is from the Greek, literally meaning "allotment tree" ("clero" being allotment and "dendros", tree) while "tomentosum" refers to downy or hairy leaves.  Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that the genus Clerodendrum belongs in the mint family. Consequently, this species has been removed from the verbena family and placed in Lamiaceae.

Description
Up to 15 metres tall with a trunk diameter of 25 cm, though usually much smaller. An opened branched plant with large veiny leaves.

The trunk is mostly cylindrical or sometimes flanged at the base. Bark is grey or fawn, somewhat scaly or corky on larger plants. Young branchlets have lenticels, and are downy and soft. Angled or square in cross section, brownish grey and sometimes purple at the tips.

Leaves
Opposite on the stem, without serrations, 4 to 14 cm long, 2 to 4.5 cm wide. With a short tip, leaf form gradually tapering away at the base of the leaf. Upper leaf surface sometimes hairy. Hairy under the leaf, soft and downy to touch. Pale green below the leaf, darker above. Leaf veins prominent on the underside, visible on the top surface. 5 or 6 main lateral veins, curving near the leaf edge.

Flowers and fruit
White flowers form in dense heads between the months of October to January. In the form of cymes forming terminal corymbs. Four long stamens protrude from the fragrant flower.

The fruit is a black shiny or navy blue drupe with four lobes. Surrounded by a fleshy red calyx. The red and black of the fruiting body attracts birds, such as the satin bowerbird. Drupe size is 5 to 8 mm, the width of the red calyx is up to 20 mm. Flowers are pollinated by nocturnal moths. The fruit is not edible for humans.

Slow to regenerate from seed, though it can strike from cuttings.

Uses
The attractive flowers and fruit make this suitable to native gardens in Australia. A bird and butterfly attracting plant. A pioneer species in regeneration areas.

References

Ornamental trees
Flora of New Guinea
Flora of Queensland
tomentosum
Trees of Australia
Plants described in 1805
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)

Clerodendrum tomentosum


Jan Adriaenszoon Leeghwater (born Jan Adriaenszoon; November 1575 – January 1650) was a Dutch millwright and hydraulic engineer.

Biography

Leeghwater was born as Jan Adriaanszoon. Only later did he adopt the name Leeghwater, from laag water or low water. It is not clear exactly how the prevalent spelling of Leeghwater's name came about. Leeghwater himself spelt his name alternatively as Leegwater, Leegh-water, Leeghwater and Leechwater. Official documents of the time also mention Laechwater and Laachwater. Leeghwater, as a hydraulic engineer, was pivotal to land reclamation programs along the flooded coast of the Netherlands.  He was involved in the reclamation of the Beemster polder, the first polder in the world created from a lake by draining the water using wind mills.  The reclamation of the Beemster was started in 1607 and Leeghwater supervised the milling.  Between 1607 and 1635, the polders Purmer, Schermer and Heerhugowaard were also created under his supervision. He was also known for bell casting and clock making in the church towers in Amsterdam.

Steam pump named after Leeghwater
Leeghwater was among the first to advocate reclamation of the Haarlemmermeer, a lake whose growth presented a danger to the surrounding towns (several villages were swallowed and even Amsterdam and Leiden were eventually threatened). When this was finally accomplished in 1852, it was with three large steam-driven pumping installations; one at Lijnden, Kaag, and Cruquius. The installation at Kaag, the , built with a steam engine in 1845 to pump water into the Kaag lake, was named after him. The other two men honored in this way were , who wrote the 1821 book 'Verhandeling over de droogmaking van het Haarlemmermeer' with the 3-way steam pump reclamation plan, and Nicolaas Kruik, who wrote an early "water defence" plan in 1737 using windmills.

Criticism
André Lehr's criticism in the article about the building of clocks and casting bells by Leeghwater emerges that many of the allegations that have been made in later life by Leeghwater, can't be beat. The biographer of Leeghwater,  mr. J.G. de Roever wrote that Leeghwaeter was vain and a braggart. This was written on the basis of archival research. He had much less to do with the reclaimed land than he wanted us to believe. The historiography of the reclaimed land and mill construction was proposed in the 19th century rather romanticized where men apparently was in need of that time. In addition, it is almost certain that he never has cast bells, but left this casting to other bell founders. For the Zuidertoren in Amsterdam, he has probably used the older bells by Jacob Waghevens and Adriaan Steylaert which did service before in earlier days in the Oudekerkstoren also in Amsterdam. He reused them and for the Westertoren the bells were possibly cast at the then in Amsterdam working city bell founder Assuerus Koster. By this Koster there are still the hour and half hour strike clocks from 1636 in Amsterdam Westertoren. The clocks and bells that he supplied according to the archives for these towers will not have been of good quality, for less than thirty years later they were replaced by Jurriaan Spraeckel who worked together with François and Pieter Hemony in many places. Today there is no old clock or carillon by Leeghwater recovered.

Bibliography
 Leeghwater, Jan Adriaensz - het Haarlemmermeerboek, Reprinted in Amsterdam 16 times from 1641.
 Leeghwater, Jan Adriaensz - De kleyne Cronyke, till 1865 reprinted in more languages
 Roever, J.G. de - Jan Adriaensz Leeghwater, Amsterdam 1944
 Lehr, André - Jan Adriaensz. Leeghwater en het klokkenspel. Article in "Klok en Klepel" het orgaan van de Nederlandse Klokkenspel Vereniging nr. 6 from 1965
 Bijtelaar, Mej. B.M., Bep, De zingende torens van Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1947 page. 141-146.

References

External links

 Leeghwater's eye witness account  of the 1634 Nordstrand Burchardi flood.
 Haarlemmermeer-boeck in the DBNL

1575 births
1650 deaths
People from Graft-De Rijp
Dutch engineers
17th-century Dutch engineers
17th-century Dutch inventors
Hydraulic engineers
17th-century Dutch architects
History of De Rijp

Jan Leeghwater


Mozambique is a secular state with a majority Christian population and substantial minorities of the adherents of traditional faiths and Sunni Islam.

Religious demography

Early 2000s
In the early 2000s, religious communities were dispersed throughout the country. Northern provinces were predominantly Muslim, especially along the coastal strip, and some areas of the inland northern areas had a stronger concentration of Catholic or Protestant communities; Catholics and Protestants were generally more numerous in the southern and central regions, but Muslim minority populations were also present in these areas. The National Directorate of Religious Affairs in the Ministry of Justice stated that evangelical Christians represented the fastest growing religious group in the country; most religious communities tended to draw their members from across ethnic, political, economic, and racial lines.

In 2010, there were 732 religious denominations and 144 religious organizations registered with the Department of Religious Affairs of the Ministry of Justice; Major Christian religious groups include Roman Catholic, Anglican, Baptist, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), Congregational, Christadelphians, Methodist, Nazarene, Presbyterian, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist, and Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, as well as evangelical, apostolic, and Pentecostal churches.

In 2010, Muslim journalists reported that the distinction between Sunni and Shi'a was not particularly important for many local Muslims, and Muslims were much more likely to identify themselves by the local religious leader they follow than as Sunni or Shi'a. There were significant differences between the practices of Muslims of African origin and those of South Asian background. In addition African Muslim clerics had increasingly sought training in Egypt, Kuwait, South Africa, and Saudi Arabia, returning with a more fundamental approach than the local traditional, Sufi-inspired Swahili Islam particularly common in the north.

In 2010, the country's leading mosques and the Catholic Church tried to discourage traditional indigenous practices from their places of worship, instituting practices that reflect a stricter interpretation of sacred texts; however, some Christian and Muslim adherents continued to incorporate traditional practices and rituals, and religious authorities were generally permissive of such practices.

2020s
According to the most recent 2020 estimate, 55.8% of the population of Mozambique was Christian, 17.5% was Muslim (mainly Sunni), 0.5% had no religion, 26.1% adhered to traditional beliefs, and 0.3% of the population practised other religions.

In 2022, Jewish, Hindu, and Bahá'í Faith groups constituted a very small percentage of the population.

Many small, independent Protestant and Catholic churches that have split from mainstream denominations fuse African traditional beliefs and practices within a Christian framework.

Freedom of religion

The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice.

The country has been scored as 3 out 4 for freedom of religious expression.

Mozambique is listed as the 32nd most dangerous country to be a Christian. Islamist terrorists attacked a Catholic mission in Nampula, killing an elderly missionary and burning down several structures in September 2022, and separated Catholic inhabitants of a village killing at least eleven in September 2023.

Survey results

Anti-Religious Campaign 1979-1982
The ruling Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), became predominantly Marxist during the liberation war. After independence, it declared state atheism and nationalized all schools and health facilities, including those owned and run by religious institutions. Facing resistance, the new state imprisoned some clerics in 1975 and 1976 and banned all Jehovah's Witnesses in the district of Zambezia in 1977.

In response to these and other social and religious changes,  Catholic bishops condemned the death penalty and re-education camps as godless. In 1978 the church decided to transform into a church of communities, something the state believed to be a move towards resistance to Socialism, rather than the collaboration stated by some Bishops. The result was an outright attack on all religion on the part of the state.

From early 1979, the regime attempted to discredit the church on the basis of the history of the colonial church, and it began a campaign to close churches, prevent religious activities and restrict the movements of religious staff. Catholic and other religious institutions resisted, more or less openly. By 1980, resistance was often open and international criticism was rife, something which convinced FRELIMO to change its stance.

Several Protestant groups in Mozambique had strong allegiance to the FRELIMO government, potentially because many in the FRELIMO leadership (including the late national hero Eduardo Mondlane) had been trained in Protestant schools and the World Council of Churches had supported the Mozambique institute in Dar es Salaam during the war of liberation. But many non-Catholic churches suffered nonetheless, not least of all Jehovah's Witnesses, who were all deported to Zambezia and the Nazarene Church which saw many of its missionaries imprisoned.

Islam suffered probably the most during the anti-religious campaign, because of the plain misunderstanding or prejudice of the Frelimo leadership. Frelimo ministers thought, for example, that raising pigs was a good idea to combat rural underdevelopment and genuinely failed to understand that Muslims resistance in the north of the country came from religious objection. Some long-lasting trauma was thus created.

The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) benefitted from FRELIMO's anti-religious attack. Some campaigning was done nationally and internationally by the rebel movement on the subject of religion already in 1978, but with little long-lasting impact - only some radical American and English Pentecostal groups openly sided with Renamo. The guerilla stance was indeed eventually ambiguous in relation to religious institutions, and the movement did not hesitate to take religious hostages or kill missionaries, national priests, pastors or nuns.

The anti-religious campaign of FRELIMO formally ended in 1982 when the party in power held a meeting with all the main religious institutions. On that occasion, it claimed mistakes had been made and national unity needed to prevail. State control of religious institutions continued after 1982, but the state attack on faith had come to an end.

See also
Roman Catholicism in Mozambique
Bahá'í Faith in Mozambique
Hinduism in Mozambique
Irreligion in Mozambique
Islam in Mozambique
Islamist insurgency in Cabo Delgado
Protestantism in Mozambique
Christian Council of Mozambique

References

Religion in Mozambique


600 Miles () is a 2015 Mexican drama film directed by Gabriel Ripstein. It was screened in the Panorama section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the award for Best First Feature. It was one of fourteen films shortlisted by Mexico to be their submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards. On 17 September 2015 it was selected to represent Mexico for the Foreign Language Oscar but it was not nominated.

Plot
Arnulfo Rubio smuggles weapons for a Mexican cartel. He is using an American associate, who buys the weapons in the United States for him. During one of the weapons purchases, ATF agent Hank Harris attempts to apprehend Arnulfo, but is surprised and knocked out by Arnulfo's American partner, who flees the scene immediately. A panicked Arnulfo restrains the unconscious Hank and loads him into a secret compartment of his SUV, driving over the border into Mexico with him. There, he lets Hank sit on the backseat, still handcuffed, while he drives to his hometown.

During the drive, they get into a roadblock set up by a different cartel. They are almost killed by the enforcers when they notice that a handcuffed American is in the car, but Hank is able to negotiate free passage by mentioning the names of several cartel members and assuring that he is doing business with them.

While driving further, Hank and Arnulfo begin to talk to each other and get closer, with Hank mentioning that his wife has died from a stroke 6 months ago and that they were unable to have children.

When they arrive, Arnulfo takes Hank to his uncle, a cartel member, and tries to explain that Hank could be useful to them with his knowledge of cartel information. His uncle, furious because Arnulfo created trouble by bringing an American government employee to him, ignores his explanation. He demands that Arnulfo kill Hank. When Arnulfo cannot bring himself to do it, his uncle attempts to shoot Hank, only to be shot and killed himself at the last second by Arnulfo.

Hank and Arnulfo try to flee the country, with Hank calling some associates to arrange a safe extraction to the United States. They wait at the house of another of Arnulfo's uncles for Hank's associates. But the uncle secretly has alerted the cartel, who send enforcers to catch and/or kill both. Hank is able to flee the house while Arnulfo is caught. But Hank returns, shoots and kills the enforcers and flees with Arnulfo.

Somewhere in the desert in the border country between Mexico and the United States, Hank lets Arnulfo get out of the car and drives away, leaving Arnulfo surprised and confused.

The film ends with a domestic scene at Hank's home which shows that, in contrast to what he told Arnulfo, Hank's wife is still alive and it is implied that he has children.

Cast
 Tim Roth as Hank Harris
 Kristyan Ferrer as Arnulfo Rubio
 Harrison Thomas as Carson
 Monica del Carmen as Mamá Rubio
 Julian Sedgwick as Ray Wilson
 Craig Hensley as Gunstore Owner 5 (as Craig Oldfather)
 Noé Hernández as Martín
 Greg Lutz as Willy
 Tad Sallee as Gun Show Exhibitor
 Harris Kendall as Greta

Production
Ripstein produced the film with Mexican director Michel Franco. The screenplay, by Ripstein and Issa López, was inspired by the ATF gunwalking scandal. Ripstein wanted to focus the story on the two characters, rather than expanding it to include the cartel leaders. He attempted to express his view of guns "objectively, almost like a documentarian", since he has been exposed to guns from an early age; his grandfather took him and his brother shooting on weekends, and "my brother became an exceptional shot; they hunted ducks and my grandmother cooked them".

Release and reception
600 Miles premiered in the Panorama Section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival, where it won the Best First Feature Film award (the second consecutive award for a Mexican film; Alonso Ruizpalacios' Güeros won the previous year). Ripstein dedicated the award to his son, "who will surely be the fourth generation of our family to make films because he loves it".

The film opened on 150 screens in Mexico on 4 December 2015, and was selected to represent the country at the 88th Academy Awards in the Best Foreign Language Film category. About the process of receiving an Academy Award nomination, Ripstein said: "Much lobbying is required; unfortunately, film quality is not always decisive". The nominees that year represented Colombia, France, Jordan, Denmark, and Hungary (the eventual winner).

Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating based on 24 reviews, with a rating average of 7.7 out of 10. According to Peter Debruge of Variety, "Ripstein allows long stretches to go by in near-silence, gradually letting the tension build as the SUV travels farther south, deeper into potentially dangerous territory". Andrew Pulver of The Guardian gave 600 Miles three stars out of five, praising Roth's performance and calling the film a "pretty enterprising movie, subtly constructing its power relationship while not losing its grip on the basic sense of tension".

Awards and nominations

Ariel Awards
The Ariel Awards are awarded annually by the Mexican Academy of Film Arts and Sciences in Mexico. 600 Miles won two awards out of 13 nominations.

|-
|rowspan="13" scope="row"| 58th Ariel Awards
|scope="row"| 600 Miles
|scope="row"| Best Picture
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein
|scope="row"| Best Direction
|
|-
|scope="row"| Kristyan Ferrer
|rowspan="2" scope="row"| Best Actor
|
|-
|scope="row"| Tim Roth
|
|-
|scope="row"| Noé Hernández
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Supporting Actor
|
|-
|scope="row"| Carlos Jacques
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Art Direction
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein, Santiago Pérez Rocha
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Editing
|
|-
|scope="row"| Alejandro Vázquez
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Special Effects
|
|-
|scope="row"| Edgardo Mejía
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Visual Effects
|
|-
|scope="row"| Alejandro de Icaza, Federico González Jordán
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Sound
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein, Issa López
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Original Screenplay
|
|-
|scope="row"| Thal Echeveste
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Make-Up
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best First Feature Film
|
|-

Diosas de Plata
The Diosas de Plata are awarded annually by the Cinematographic Journalists Guild in Mexico (PECIME). 600 Miles received two awards out of six nominations.

|-
|rowspan="6" scope="row"| 45th Diosas de Plata
|scope="row"| 600 Miles
|scope="row"| Best Picture
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein
|scope="row"| Best Director
|
|-
|scope="row"| Kristyan Ferrer
|scope="row"| Best Actor
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein, Issa López
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Screenplay
|
|-
|scope="row"| Santiago Pérez Rocha, Gabriel Ripstein
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best Editing
|
|-
|scope="row"| Gabriel Ripstein
|rowspan="1" scope="row"| Best First Feature Film
|
|-

See also
 List of submissions to the 88th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
 List of Mexican submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

References

External links

2015 films
2015 drama films
2010s Spanish-language films
Mexican drama films
Films about Mexican drug cartels
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives in fiction
2010s Mexican films

600 Miles


Louis K. Roth was a businessman and civic leader from Connecticut.  He was born in 1896 and completed his education at Columbia University and New York University.  His involvement with radio and electronics began  in 1924 as a distributor of radios. He joined Radio Corporation, Victor Division in 1935 as production manager of their electronic division. In 1944, he and two partners set up Radio and Appliance Distributors in Hartford, Connecticut (USA), which eventually became one of the largest radio wholesalers in the state.

Roth was involved in many civic and community organizations. In addition to being a trustee of the Connecticut Opera Association, Mr. Roth was a trustee of the Julius Hart Musical Foundation at the University of Hartford. He also served on various university committees and served on the Board of Regents of the University of Hartford from 1961 to 1967. A residence hall at the University of Hartford is named for Roth.

The Hartford Times, in a May 1967 editorial, said:

"In the brief span of 23 years Louis K. Roth made an indelible mark on the civic, cultural and business life of this community. He was a man of diverse interests, unbounded energy and willingness to give uncounted hours to non-business activities in which he had a special interest.

"The list of the social and civic agencies with which he was identified in lengthy. They range from those formed to help needy persons to societies of a musical or other artistic or cultural nature.

"Mr. Roth took his community responsibilities seriously. He was generous with his money, time and counsel whenever the call came for assistance. Hartford will recall Louis Roth with the warmest recollection as a civic-minded citizen of the highest quality."

Roth died on May 3, 1967, at the age of 71.

Legacy to public radio

WWUH, the Public Alternative Radio station at the University of Hartford is dedicated as "The Louis K. Roth Memorial Station". The History page of the station's website describes the reason:

"Prior to 1968, Louis K. Roth, a generous Regent of the University, had told the President of the University of Hartford that he would finance the radio station. Mr. Roth passed away before we got things rolling, but his family still came to us with a check for $40,000. While serious consideration was given to changing the station's call letters to WLKR, we instead renamed the radio station the Lewis K. Roth Memorial radio station, and by the time I graduated in 1970, we'd built a complete stereo radio station and still had $14,000 of Mr. Roth's grant left."

External links
 http://wwuh.org

References

Businesspeople from Hartford, Connecticut
Columbia University alumni
New York University alumni
University of Hartford people

Louis K. Roth


Footscray is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is 5 kilometres from Melbourne's centre. About 13,000 people live in Footscray.

Footscray is built largely on the traditional lands of the Kulin nation. Footscray has been home to the Aboriginal Woiwurrung and Boonwurrung tribes of the Kulin nation for over 40,000 years.

The suburbs around Footscray are Seddon, West Footscray, Braybrook, Flemington, Maidstone,Yarraville, Kingsville and West Melbourne.

Footscray is famous as a multicultural meeting point. Footscray's 1300 people come from 135 different countries. It is at the centre of cultural life in Melbourne's west and the centre for new arrivals to Melbourne's west since the 1950s. The shopping areas around Footscray Station represent the diversity of migration to Australia. There are many Vietnamese, Ethiopian, Filipino, Indian, Somali, Afghani, Chinese, Burmese, South Sudanese restaurants and businesses as well as many others. Try T. Cavallaro & Sons which have been making Melbourne's best cannoli in Footscray for more than 50 years.

Footscray is home to two fresh food markets. There is the Footscray Market that is opposite the Footscray Train
Station. This market is open from Tuesdays to Saturdays. Footscray Market has
many butchers and fishmongers as well as some fresh fruit and vegetables. Go to
Footscray Market near closing time for bargains! There is also the Little
Saigon Market on Byron Street which is open everyday. Little Saigon is a wet
market where you can get fruits and vegetables at the cheapest prices in
Melbourne. Its noisy, busy and you can always try everything before you buy.

References

Other websites
 Footscray Historical Society

Suburbs of Melbourne

Footscray


Patrick Evans (born 16 July 1960) is a former Guyanese cricketer who played a single first-class match for Essequibo in the final of the 1980–81 inter-county Jones Cup. Aged 20, he was the youngest player on the side, a year younger than Birchmore Reid.

Born in Bartica in what was then British Guiana (now part of Guyana's Cuyuni-Mazaruni region), Evans batted fifth in both innings of the match, played against Berbice at the Kayman Sankar Cricket Ground in Hampton Court (on the Atlantic coast). He scored one run in the first innings, before being caught by Leslaine Lambert off the bowling of Suresh Ganouri. In the second innings, he top-scored with 34 runs before again being dismissed by Ganouri, this time caught by Kamal Singh. Evans had earlier had Singh leg before wicket in Berbice's first innings, his only wicket from 15 overs in the match.

Berbice won the match by nine wickets in what was Essequibo's only first-class match – only the final of the three-team Jones Cup (later the Guystac Trophy) was accorded first-class status, and Essequibo made the final only once, having defeated Demerara in an earlier match. The scorecards of the non-first-class matches played by Essequibo are not available before the late 1990s, and it is therefore uncertain how Evans played for Essequibo (if at all) in earlier matches.

References

1960 births
Living people
Essequibo cricketers
Guyanese cricketers
People from Cuyuni-Mazaruni

Patrick Evans (cricketer)


Joan Mary Fry  (27 July 1862 – 25 November 1955) was an English Quaker campaigner for peace and social reform.

Early life
Joan Fry was born on 27 July 1862 in London, into a wealthy family of Quakers. She was the daughter of a judge, Sir Edward Fry and his wife, Mariabella Hodgkin (1833 – 1930), and sister of art critic Roger Fry who was a member of the avant-garde Bloomsbury Group, of the prison reformer Margery Fry, of the Quaker activist and writer Ruth Fry, of the poet and bryologist Agnes Fry.

Work

During the First World War she served as a Quaker Prison Chaplain and helped conscientious objectors to military service at their tribunals and in prison.

In 1919 she and other Friends travelled to the defeated Germany and organised food distribution networks as famine relief there. Seven years later, Fry returned to the United Kingdom in 1926 where she further worked to relieve poverty and unemployment.

She gave the 1910 Swarthmore Lecture, entitled  The Communion of Life to the Quakers' "London Yearly Meeting".

Personal life
When her sister in law Helen Coombe was placed permanently in a mental hospital, she helped her brother Roger with bringing up their children.

Death
Fry died in London on 25 November 1955.

Recognition

The Royal Mail's "Britons of Distinction" postage stamps - issued on 23 February 2012 - celebrated ten people from the world of science and technology, architecture, politics and the arts. One of them features Joan Mary Fry.

Sources
 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography  article by Sybil Oldfield, 'Fry, Joan Mary (1862–1955)', Oxford University Press, 2004 . Retrieved 27 Dec 2006.

Joan Mary Fry's publications
as listed in the catalogue of the Library of the Religious Society of Friends, London

 The communion of life. - 1910 Swarthmore Lecture
 For fellowship and freedom : some aspects of the Society of Friends. - 1908, Published in German ?1920: Freundschaft und Freiheit : einige Gesichtspunkte zum Verständnis der Gesellschaft der Freunde. Published in Swedish, 1921: Gemenskap och frihet : några synpunkter till klargörande av Vännernas Sällskap.
 In downcast Germany 1919-1933. - 1944 published in German: Zwischen zwei Weltkriegen in Deutschland : Erinnerungen einer Quäkerin. 1947
 Sidelights on Biblical texts. - [1956]

'Papers in collections'
 Some papers and addresses from the Friends summer school, Birmingham, September, 1899 / Rawnsley, H. D.; Graham, John William, Fry, Edward; Cremer, Pastor; Fry, Joan Mary; Wallis, Mary Anne, 1847-1918; Govan, Horace E.; Grubb, Edward, 1854-1939; Braithwaite, William Charles.
 Christ and peace : a discussion of some fundamental issues raised by the war : essays /Henry T Hodgkin, Richard Roberts, A. Maude Royden, W.E. Orchard,J St.G Heath, W. Fearon Halliday.  Introduced and edited by Joan Mary Fry.,
 Echoes from Scarborough : being a series of papers read at the Scarborough Summer School, 1897 / Braithwaite, William Charles; Crosfield, Gulielma; Fry, Joan Mary; Hodgkin, Thomas; Littleboy, William; Richardson, Anne Wakefield; Rowntree, John Stephenson; Newman, Henry Stanley; Wallis, Mary Anne.
 Friends lend a hand in alleviating unemployment : the story of a social experiment extending over 20 years, 1926-1946 / Fry, Joan Mary; Richmond, Arthur Cyril. 1947

Further reading
 Ruth Fawell, Joan Mary Fry, Friends Home Service Committee, London, 1959, coll. Quaker Biographies.

References

1862 births
1955 deaths
English Quakers
Joan Mary

Joan Mary Fry


Selbach was a great Scottish king who ruled Dál Riata from 700 to 723, when he retired to become a monk. He is well recorded, and defeated Beli II, the king of Strathclyde, at Lorg Ecclet. He also fought Ainbcellach, his brother and contestant for the throne, at Finnglen in 719, and was victorious. However, then he was defeated by Dúnchad Bec (Duncan the Small, a ruler from Kintyre), another rival, the same year. Selbach died in 730, three years after fighting his son's great enemy Eochaid mac Echdach.

Dalriadan kings

Selbach


A Dutch baby pancake, sometimes called a German pancake, a Bismarck, a Dutch puff, Hooligan, or a Hootenanny, similar to a large British Yorkshire pudding.

Unlike most pancakes, Dutch babies are baked in the oven, rather than being fried. They are generally thicker than most pancakes and contain no chemical leavening ingredients such as baking powder.

They can be sweet or savory and can be served at any meal.

The idea of a Dutch baby pancake may have been derived from the German Pfannkuchen, but the current form originated in the US in the early 1900s.

Ingredients and preparation
It is made with eggs, flour, sugar and milk, and usually seasoned with vanilla and cinnamon, although occasionally fruit or another flavoring is also added.  A basic batter incorporates a third of a cup of flour and a third of a cup of milk per egg.

It is baked in a hot cast iron or metal pan and falls (deflates) soon after being removed from the oven. It is generally served with fresh squeezed lemon, butter, and powdered sugar, fruit toppings or syrup.

Serving
It can be served for breakfast, brunch, lunch, dessert, and even for "brinner" (breakfast for dinner).  Dutch baby pancakes are generally served immediately upon removal from the oven.

The Dutch baby is a specialty of some diners and chains that specialize in breakfast dishes, such as the Oregon-founded The Original Pancake House or the New England–based chain Bickford's, which makes both a plain Dutch baby and a similar pancake known as the Baby Apple, which contains apple slices embedded in the pancake.

History
According to Sunset magazine, Dutch babies were introduced in the first half of the 1900s at Manca's Cafe, a family-run restaurant that was located in Seattle, Washington, and that was owned by Victor Manca.  While these pancakes are derived from the German pancake dish, it is said that the name Dutch baby was coined by one of Victor Manca's daughters, where "Dutch" perhaps was her corruption of the German autonym deutsch. Manca's Cafe claimed that it owned the trademark for Dutch babies in 1942.

Similar dishes
A Dutch baby is a type of popover, although popovers are generally baked as smaller, individual pieces, approximately the size of a muffin.

A Dutch baby is very similar to a Yorkshire pudding, with a few differences: the Yorkshire pudding is more likely to be baked in individual servings, the pan is usually greased with beef drippings, and the result is rarely sweet.  Dutch babies are larger, use butter rather than beef fat, and are frequently sweet.  They use more eggs than a Yorkshire pudding and normally have sugar and vanilla and, unlike a Yorkshire pudding, are normally cooked in a cast iron frying pan.

David Eyre's pancake

A "David Eyre's pancake" is a variation on the Dutch baby pancake named after the American writer and editor David W. Eyre (1912–2008). The recipe was published by The New York Times Food Editor Craig Claiborne in an April 10, 1966, Times article entitled "Pancake Nonpareil"; in addition to generally regularizing quantities and temperatures for modern use, it omitted sugar and salt from the batter. In the article, Claiborne recounted discovering the dish at a breakfast prepared by Eyre, then the editor of Honolulu magazine, while Claiborne was visiting Eyre's Honolulu home.

Eyre's version of the pancake was based on a recipe for Dutch baby pancakes from Victor Hirtzler's Hotel St. Francis Cookbook—the best-known 1919 edition—with slight alteration.

The recipe also appears in The Essential New York Times Cookbook, whose author, longtime food writer Amanda Hesser, counts it among her favorites. She names it as one of the top five recipes recommended to her for inclusion when she set out to write the book.

See also
 Æbleskiver (Danish Pancake)
 List of pancakes
 Poffertjes
 Clafoutis, French style cherries in batter
 Far Breton, a thick Breton cake

References

External links
 Alton Brown's recipe for Dutch Baby pancake
 Food Network Kitchens recipe for a German pancake
 New York Times recipe for David Eyre's pancake
 Amanda Hesser demonstrates cooking a David Eyre's pancake

Puddings
Cuisine of the Pennsylvania Dutch
American pancakes
Custard desserts

Dutch baby pancake


STS-133 (ISS assembly flight ULF5) was the 133rd mission in NASA's Space Shuttle program; during the mission, Space Shuttle Discovery docked with the International Space Station. It was Discovery's 39th and final mission. The mission launched on 24 February 2011, and landed on 9 March 2011. The crew consisted of six American astronauts, all of whom had been on prior spaceflights, headed by Commander Steven Lindsey. The crew joined the long-duration six person crew of Expedition 26, who were already aboard the space station. About a month before lift-off, one of the original crew members, Tim Kopra, was injured in a bicycle accident. He was replaced by Stephen Bowen.

The mission transported several items to the space station, including the Permanent Multipurpose Module Leonardo, which was left permanently docked to one of the station's ports. The shuttle also carried the third of four ExPRESS Logistics Carriers to the ISS, as well as a humanoid robot called Robonaut. The mission marked both the 133rd flight of the Space Shuttle program and the 39th and final flight of Discovery, with the orbiter completing a cumulative total of a whole year (365 days) in space.

The mission was affected by a series of delays due to technical problems with the external tank and, to a lesser extent, the payload. The launch, initially scheduled for September 2010, was pushed back to October, then to November, then finally to February 2011.

Itokasi

Àwọn ìránlọṣe àwọn Ọkọ̀-ayára Òfurufú

STS-133


Sasser Pass or Saser-la (el. 5411 m./17,753 ft.) is a high mountain pass in Kashmir on the ancient summer caravan route from Ladakh to Yarkand in the Tarim Basin. It leads from the head of the Nubra Valley into the upper Shyok valley, on the way to the even higher, but easier, Karakoram Pass.

Mountain passes of Pakistan

Sasser Pass