The Family Nobody Wanted is a 1954 memoir by Helen Doss (née Grigsby). It retells the story of how Doss and her husband Carl, a Methodist minister, adopted twelve children of various ethnic backgrounds (White Americans, Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Korean, Mexican, and Native American).

Summary
"I didn't yearn for a career, or maids and a fur coat, or a trip to Europe. All in the world I wanted was a happy, normal little family. Perhaps, if God could arrange it, Carl and I could have a boy first, and after that, a little girl. God didn't arrange it."

Thus opens the story of the Doss family. After Helen and Carl are told they cannot have biological children, Carl suggests adopting an infant. After some initial obstacles, they adopt a six-week-old, blonde, blue-eyed baby boy, who actually looks like Carl. After Donny joins the family, they try to adopt another child, hoping for a little girl this time. They face a lot of resistance from the agencies due to their financial situation as well as the fact that they already have a child. They pursue private adoption for a time, but after failure, they return to the agencies.

A social worker makes a stray comment about a Turkish-Portuguese baby that they can't place, saying "That's what happens with those mixed-blood children...Nobody wants them. They are classed as unadoptable, same as any child with a defect." Helen and Carl are shocked and horrified that anyone would reject a child and offer to adopt him. The agency refuses to place the child with them, claiming that they "would rather see a child raised in an orphanage, than by parents who look so different." Helen and Carl realize that other agencies may not feel the same way and decide to pursue adoption of "unadoptable children."

Finally, they are contacted about a two-month-old baby girl. The birth parents are Filipino-Chinese and English-French. Helen names her Laura after Carl's mother. Two weeks later they adopt Susie, who is blond with blue eyes, but considered unadoptable because she is frail/sickly and has a birth mark on her face.

When Donny gets older, he wants a brother "just his size." Many of the subsequent adoptions occur as a by-product of trying to find Donny's missing brother.
The Dosses adopt a total of 12 children. In their final adoption, when Donny is 9, they gain baby Gregory, 9-year-old Dorothy, and Richard, age 9,- Donny's long awaited brother. Through the years, they deal with racism and prejudice from neighbors, family members, and the children's classmates.

The Children

Donny-one of the "triplets;" first child
Richard-one of the "triplets;" one of the last three adopted
Dorothy-one of the "triplets;" one of the last three adopted
Elaine-one of the "quads;" Diane's biological half-sister
Laura-one of the "quads;" second child, adopted two weeks before Susie
Susie-one of the "quads;" third child, adopted two weeks after Laura
Teddy-one of the "quads;" adopted fourth
Diane-Elaine's biological half-sister
Rita-adopted fifth
Timmy-adopted sixth
Alex-adopted seventh
Gregory-one of the last three adopted

In popular culture
The couple appeared on a 1954 episode of You Bet Your Life with Groucho Marx, where they talked about their story.

The story was also featured in The Family Nobody Wanted, a 1956 episode of Playhouse 90 directed by a young John Frankenheimer and made into a 1975 ABC Movie of the Week starring Shirley Jones of The Partridge Family fame.

References

External links

1954 non-fiction books
American memoirs
Adoption in the United States
Little, Brown and Company books
1975 television films
1975 films
ABC Movie of the Week
Films based on non-fiction books

The Family Nobody Wanted


Some approaches in the branch of historic metrology are highly speculative and can be qualified as pseudoscience.

Origins
In 1637, John Greaves, professor of geometry at Gresham College, made his first of several studies in Egypt and Italy, making numerous measurements of buildings and monuments, including the Great Pyramid. These activities fuelled many centuries of interest in metrology of the ancient cultures by the likes of Isaac Newton and the French Academy.

Charles Piazzi Smyth
John Taylor, in his 1859 book The Great Pyramid: Why Was It Built? & Who Built It?, claimed that the Great Pyramid was planned and the building supervised by the biblical Noah, and that it was "built to make a record of the measure of the Earth".
A paper presented to the Royal Academy on the topic was rejected.

Taylor's theories were, however, the inspiration for the deeply religious archaeologist Charles Piazzi Smyth to go to Egypt to study and measure the pyramid, subsequently publishing his book Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid (1864), claiming that the measurements he obtained from the Great Pyramid of Giza indicated a unit of length, the pyramid inch, equivalent to 1.001 British inches, that could have been the standard of measurement by the pyramid's architects. From this he extrapolated a number of other measurements, including the pyramid pint, the sacred cubit, and the pyramid scale of temperature.

Smyth claimed—and presumably believed—that the inch was a God-given measure handed down through the centuries from the 'Time of Israel', and that the architects of the pyramid could only have been directed by the hand of God. To support this Smyth said that, in measuring the pyramid, he found the number of inches in the perimeter of the base equalled 1000 times the number of days in a year, and found a numeric relationship between the height of the pyramid in inches to the distance from Earth to the Sun, measured in statute miles.

Smyth used this as an argument against the introduction of the metre in Britain, which he considered a product of the minds of atheistic French radicals.

The grand scheme
By the time measurements of Mesopotamia were discovered, by doing various exercises of mathematics on the definitions of the major ancient measurement systems, various people (Jean-Adolphe Decourdemanche in 1909, August Oxé in 1942) came to the conclusion that the relationship between them was well planned.

Livio C. Stecchini claims in his A History of Measures:
The relation among the units of length can be explained by the ratio 15:16:17:18 among the four fundamental feet and cubits. Before I arrived at this discovery, Decourdemanche and Oxé discovered that the cubes of those units are related according to the conventional specific gravities of oil, water, wheat and barley.

Stecchini makes claims that imply that the Egyptian measures of length, originating from at least the 3rd millennium BC, were directly derived from the circumference of the earth with an amazing accuracy. According to "Secrets of the Great Pyramid" (p. 346), his claim is that the Egyptian measurement was equal to 40,075,000 meters, which compared to the International Spheroid of 40,076,596 meters gives an error of 0.004%.  No consideration seems to be made to the question of, on purely technical and procedural grounds, how the early Egyptians, in defining their cubit, could have achieved a degree of accuracy that to our current knowledge can only be achieved with very sophisticated equipment and techniques.

The megalithic system
Christopher Knight and Alan Butler further develop the work of Smyth's and Stecchini's "Grand Scheme" in their Civilization One hypothesis, which describes a megalithic system of units. This system is claimed to be the source of all standard units used by civilization, and is so named after the Neolithic builders of megaliths.  Knight and Butler contend the reconstructed megalithic yard (1 MY = 0.82966 m) is a fundamental part of a megalithic system.  Although the megalithic yard is the work of Alexander Thom, Knight and Butler make a novel contribution by speculating on how the MY may have been created by using a pendulum calibrated by observing Venus. It also explains the uniformity of the MY across large geographical areas.  The accuracy claimed for this procedure is disputed by astronomers.

They derive measures of volume and mass from the megalithic yard, which is divided into 40 megalithic inches. Knight and Butler claim that a cube with a side of 4 megalithic inches has a volume equal to one imperial pint and weighs one imperial pound when filled with unpolished grain. They also posit ratio relationships with the imperial acre and square rod. Their book states that "The Sun, the Moon and the Earth all conform to a 'grand design' that is also evident in the Megalithic structures that are scattered across the British Isles and western Europe."

"Megalithic geometry"
One of the first persons to associate megalith builders with geometry was the Scottish academic, Alexander Thom (1894–1985), who never hypothesised any 366-degree geometry himself. Thom believed that the megalith builders used a standard unit of measurement which he dubbed the megalithic yard. According to him, the length of this unit was 2.72 Imperial feet or 82.96 cm. The existence of this measurement is disputed.

According to Alan Butler this geometry was based on the Earth's polar circumference. The megalithic degree is the 366th part of it, i.e. 40,008 / 366 = 109.31 km; the megalithic arcminute is the 60th part of the megalithic degree, i.e. 109.31 / 60 = 1.82 km; the megalithic arcsecond is the 6th part of the megalithic minute, i.e. 1.82 / 6 = 0.3036 km; if this megalithic arcsecond is in turn divided into 366 equal segments, the length arrived at is 0.8296 m, which is the presumed length of the megalithic Yard, the supposedly ancient unit of measurement independently discovered by professor Alexander Thom in the 1950s.  It is precisely this apparent coincidence that prompted Butler to think that the Megalith builders could have been cognizant with an Earth-based 366-degree geometry.

Clive Ruggles has said that both classical and Bayesian statistical reassessments of Thom's data "reached the conclusion that the evidence in favour of the MY was at best marginal, and that even if it does exist the uncertainty in our knowledge of its value is of the order of centimetres, far greater than the 1 mm precision claimed by Thom. In other words, the evidence presented by Thom could be
adequately explained by, say, monuments being set out by pacing, with the 'unit' reflecting an average length of pace." David Kendall had previously argued that pacing would have created a greater difference in measurements between sites.

Douglas Heggie casts doubt on Thom's suggestion as well, stating that his careful analysis uncovered "little evidence for a highly accurate unit" and "little justification for the claim that a highly accurate unit was in use".

Volumes and masses
In the book Civilization One, Butler and Knight contend that the basic units of volume and mass of the imperial system, the Imperial pint and the avoirdupois pound, are also derived from their Megalithic Yard. Just like the litre is the tenth part of the metre to the cubic power, the tenth part of the Megalithic Yard to the cubic power produces a volume of (82.96 cm/10)3 = 570.96 mL, a very close approximation of the modern pint of 568.26 mL.
Similarly, they argue that this theoretical Megalithic pint, if filled with barley dry seeds, weighs on average a number close to 453.59 grams, which is the exact value of the avoirdupois pound.

They also argue that division of the Earth mass into 366 equal parts, then again into 60 equal parts, and then again into 6 equal parts, yields a result that is almost exactly : /(366 × 60 × 6) =  = .

Said differently, a one-Megalithic-arcsecond-thick 'slice' of Earth (at the equator) weighs almost exactly , as though, according to the authors, the exact value of the pound had been adjusted so as to be a round subdivision of a one-arcsecond-thick slice of Earth in the Megalithic geometry.

Critical reception
Publications in pseudoscientific metrology receive little, if any, attention from mainstream scholarship, by nature of being intended for the popular mass market.

For French historian Lucien Febvre, Xavier Guichard's work was "time and effort lost based on wordplay".

Alexander Thom's theories have been criticized by Ian O. Angell. W. R. Knorr, examining the evidence as presented by Thom, finds no real evidence of the Pythagorean theorem, the ellipse, or a standard unit of distance in Neolithic times. Karlene Jones-Bley also denies the existence of such a precise unit of measurement during the Neolithic period: "the suggestion put forth by Thom that there was a 'megalithic yard' uniform to 0.1mm from Brittany to the Orkneys cannot be accepted". However, for R. J. C. Atkinson, the British prehistorian and archaeologist (1920–94), the Megalithic yard as defined by Thom is a plausible notion: "An interesting theory is his notion of a megalithic yard and rod, supposedly fairly consistent in Britain and Brittany". According to the analytical methods employed by the British statisticians S.R. Broadbent and D.G. Kendall, Thom's 1955 dataset is unlikely to be the result of chance: "a 1% significance meaning that such a best fit would only occur in 1 in 100 random datasets". A review in The Guardian newspaper of 'Who Built the Moon by Butler and Knight refers to the authors as "an ad man specialising in consumer psychology and an engineer turned astrologer, astronomer and playwright". The review comments on their ideas about megalithic geometry "Here, they suggest, numerical ratios concerning sun, moon and Earth – neatly arrived at by applying the so-called principles of megalithic geometry – are evidence of a message for today's Earthlings. The message is that future humans conquered time travel and went back, way back, to construct the moon to ensure Earth orbits in precisely the right alignment to the Sun to encourage the evolution (yes, they believe in that) of humans – a Mobius strip theory of history. Oh, and they genetically engineered DNA (we know, because that's too complicated for nature alone)."

The first book to ever deal with the possible existence of a 366-degree circle and of a 366-day calendar (rather than speaking of "Megalithic geometry" or "Bronze Age geometry"), The Bronze Age Computer Disc by Alan Butler, has not been commented on either by mainstream scientists or the press.

Most scholars and reviewers label Butler and Knight's work as pseudoscience.  Aubrey Burl, a much-published digger of Megalithic sites and a lecturer in archaeology at Hull College of Higher Education, although he coauthored a book with Thom, derided Thom's work, saying that he himself had never "seen a Megalithic Yard". Jason Colavito, in a review in Skeptic Magazine, wrote "Crammed into just over 250 pages are so many unbelievable assertions and unproven speculations that it would take a book-sized rebuttal to do adequate justice to this triumph of numerology over science." He also pointed out "The precision claimed for the length of the Megalithic Yard is surprising given the poor condition of Neolithic monuments today. It is impossible to record their measurements to the ten-thousandth of a millimeter, the standard apparently used to derive this unit of measurement.

Belgian author Robert Bauval, considers Butler and Knight's new discoveries as "major breakthroughs" and as "a stunning discovery [that] could completely change the way we view our remote past", whereas Graham Hancock praised the book, regarding it as "Absolutely fascinating, and very, very convincing."

See also
 Pyramid inch
 Pseudoarchaeology
 Pseudohistory
 John Michell (writer)
 List of topics characterized as pseudoscience

References

 Shalev, Zur 1967 - "Measurer of All Things: John Greaves (1602-1652), the Great Pyramid, and Early Modern Metrology", Journal of the History of Ideas – Volume 63, Number 4, October 2002, pp. 555–575, The Johns Hopkins University Press

External links
 Amazing Pyramid "Facts", a critical look at some claims of Piazzi Smyth

Metrology
Metrology

Pseudoscientific metrology


Mark Fainaru-Wada is an American journalist and writer, working for ESPN since 2007. He formerly was a reporter with the San Francisco Chronicle, where he and Lance Williams achieved fame in covering the BALCO steroid scandal. He is co-author of Game of Shadows with Williams, a 2006 book about the BALCO scandal, and League of Denial, co-written with his brother Steve Fainaru, a 2013 book about traumatic brain injury in the National Football League. For his co-reporting with Williams, Fainaru-Wada received a George Polk Award, Edgar A. Poe Award, Dick Schaap Award for Outstanding Journalism and Associated Press Sports Editor Award. League of Denial earned Fainaru-Wada a 2014 PEN/ESPN Award for Literary Sports Writing, and was adapted into a Frontline documentary, which received a 2013 Peabody Award.

Fainaru-Wada was born in Los Angeles, California, and grew up in Marin County, north of San Francisco. He and his brother attended Redwood High School in Larkspur.  He attended Northwestern University, graduating in 1989. He began his career at Knoxville News-Sentinel in Tennessee, covering women's basketball, and moved to the Los Angeles Daily News in 1990 to cover the Los Angeles Angels. He soon returned to the San Francisco Bay Area, writing for the  short-lived National Sports Daily. When the Daily folded in 1991, he freelanced, taught high school English, and briefly worked at the Santa Rosa Press-Democrat before relocating to Washington D.C. to work for the Scripps Howard News Service He joined the San Francisco Examiner in 1997, and the Chronicle in 2000.

In 1996 he married Nicole Wada, and combined her last name with his. He resides in Petaluma, California with his wife, and has two children.

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
1960s births
Living people
American investigative journalists
San Francisco Chronicle people
Sportswriters from California
Northwestern University alumni
ESPN people
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
Redwood High School (Larkspur, California) alumni

Mark Fainaru-Wada


A wardrobe malfunction is a clothing failure that accidentally exposes a person's intimate parts. It is different from deliberate incidents of indecent exposure or public flashing. Justin Timberlake first used the term when apologizing for the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy during the 2004 Grammy Awards. The phrase "wardrobe malfunction" was in turn used by the media to refer to the incident and entered pop culture. There was a long history of such incidents before the term was coined and it has since become common.

Etymology
The American Dialect Society defines "wardrobe malfunction" as "an unanticipated exposure of bodily parts". Global Language Monitor, which tracks usage of words on the internet and in newspapers worldwide, identified the term as the top Hollywood, California, United States contribution to English (HollyWordie) in 2004, surpassing words like girlie men, Yo! and frass. The term was also one of the new entrants into the Chambers Dictionary in 2008, along with words like electrosmog, carbon footprint, credit crunch and social networking. The dictionary defines it as "the temporary failure of an item of clothing to do its job in covering a part of the body that it would be advisable to keep covered."

Origins
The term was first used on February 2, 2004, by singers Justin Timberlake and Janet Jackson in a statement attempting to explain the Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy, during which Jackson's right breast was exposed. Timberlake apologized for the incident, stating he was "sorry that anyone was offended by the wardrobe malfunction during the halftime performance of the Super Bowl..." The term wardrobe malfunction appeared in numerous stories in major US consumer and business publications, newspapers, and major TV and radio broadcasts. Journalist Eric Alterman described the incident as "the most famous 'wardrobe malfunction' since Lady Godiva."

Related terms
The American Dialect Society had a number of related terms for word of the year nominations in 2004, including Janet moment ("unplanned bodily exposure at a public function"), boobgate ("scandal over Janet Jackson's exposed breast"), nipplegate (like boobgate, "but used earlier in squawk over Jackson's possible nipple ring"), and wardrobe malfunction ("overexposure in a mammary way"). The term has been translated into other languages to describe similar incidents, including  (Dutch),  (French),  or  (Italian), and  (Spanish).

Instances
In April 1957, Italian actress Sophia Loren was being welcomed to Hollywood by Paramount Pictures at a dinner party at Romanoff's restaurant in Beverly Hills. American actress Jayne Mansfield arrived last and went directly to Loren's table. Mansfield had previously engineered several stunts exposing her breasts. On this evening, she was seated between Loren and her dinner companion Clifton Webb. Braless and wearing a deeply plunging neckline, Mansfield at one point stood and purposefully leaned over the table, further exposing her breasts and her left nipple. Photographer Delmar Watson pictured Loren staring at Mansfield's breasts, and Joe Shere also recorded the incident. Shere's picture received international attention, and was published worldwide.

After Brigitte Bardot gained international fame in 1953 as the Bikini girl of the French Riviera, paparazzi popularized revealing accidents or staged events with women's swimwear throughout the decade. For one of many instances, a cheesecake photo of rising starlet Daliah Lavi adjusting her bikini after it broke while at a Rio de Janeiro swimming pool was widely circulated by Associated Press in 1959.

On February 1, 2004, the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXVIII was broadcast live from Houston, Texas, on the CBS television network in the United States. During the show, Justin Timberlake deliberately removed a portion of Janet Jackson's costume, exposing for about half a second her breast adorned with a nipple shield. This was the first recorded usage of the term "wardrobe malfunction". The incident, sometimes referred to as Nipplegate, was news worldwide. MTV's chief executive said that Jackson had planned the stunt and Timberlake was informed of it just moments before he took the stage. The stunt was broadcast live to a total audience of 143.6 million viewers.

At the 2016 NFL draft combine, American football player Chris Jones ripped his compression shorts in the crotch during the 40-yard dash, and his genitals were seen live on television.

On August 16, 2023, during a livestream, American internet personality IShowSpeed jumped up from his seat while playing Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach, due to being jumpscared by the in-game character Glamrock Chica, and accidentally flashed his penis to a live viewership of 25,000 people. He subsequently ended the livestream out of embarrassment. Viewers uploaded the clip onto social media, and the term "IShowMeat", in reference to the slang word meat, meaning penis, began trending on Reddit and X (Twitter).

See also

 Dress code
 Exhibitionism
 Voyeurism
 Whale tail

Notes

References

Clothing controversies
English phrases
Nudity
2004 neologisms
Euphemisms

Wardrobe malfunction


Stavros Xarchakos, Greek: Σταύρος Ξαρχάκος  (born 14 March 1939) is a Greek composer and conductor.

Stavros Xarchakos was born in Athens, where he studied at the Athens Conservatoire. He has family origins from the Mani Peninsula. He emerged in the Greek music scene around 1963, composing music for the theatre and cinema. Among his collaborators was lyricist Lefteris Papadopoulos and singer Nikos Xylouris.

In 1967 he went to Paris to study with Nadia Boulanger. He stayed in Paris for four years, and then studied with David Diamond at the Juilliard School of Music in New York. He served as director of the National Orchestra of Greek Music.

He was later involved in politics and was elected Member of the Greek Parliament twice, before becoming a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2000 to 2004. He was again a candidate for the European Parliament with New Democracy, in the elections of 25 May 2014, but was not elected.

Biography

Εarly years
Stavros Xarchakos was born on March 14, 1939, in the centre of Athens, where he lives to this day. He comes from Laconian Mani. Growing up in a neighbourhood of the capital, where the arts flourished, he came into contact with folk and rebetiko songs, but also with the European music, broadcast on the radio, while he was strongly influenced by church music. He also received musical inspiration from his grandmother, who played the guitar and sang along with arias from operas and cantadas. From an early age he showed an interest in music and attended cello and piano lessons.

Studies
In 1958 he was admitted to the Athens Conservatory, where his first studies in music took place. In 1968, while he was at a very productive moment in his career, wishing to develop his music and broaden his knowledge, he decided to study music and composition in Paris, as a student of the leading French musicologist and pedagogue Nadia Boulanger, until 1973.

In 1978, wishing to study the technique of classical music and immerse himself in harmony, composition and orchestra conducting, he decided to continue his studies at the Julliard School in New York, at the urging of Leonard Bernstein, with whom he corresponded, after he was brought into contact with him by Kimon Friar, an internationally renowned academic and translator of the work of Nikos Kazantzakis. At the Julliard School he studied alongside David Diamond for three years. He was taught score analysis under Bernstein for two years and conducted many concerts. An example is the concert held in New York, in which he conducted the city's Symphony Orchestra.

Discography - Performances
At the beginning of his career, he distinguished himself as a composer of film and theatre music. His album production begins in 1963 and includes more than –45- records, music for –21- films and -15- television productions.

In 1961 he composed music for Jane Arden's play "The Party", while in 1963, at the age of 24, he took over the music composition for the emblematic film "Ta kokkina Fanaria", directed by Vassilis Georgiadis. The film received rave reviews and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1964 and was suggested for nomination for the Palme d'Or prize at the Cannes Film Festival. The same-titled album was released that year and was enriched with new songs. A little later he composed music for the film "Lola" directed by Dinos Dimopoulos. Among the musical themes and songs of the film, "Hathike to Feggari" stood out, performed by Vicky Moscholiou.

In 1964, he composed the music for the songs included in a series of documentaries entitled "Melina's Greece", which were created by the American television network ABC to promote Greece. Melina Merkouri, performed the songs "Ti exei kai klaiei to paidi" and "Na me thymasai" with lyrics by Eftychia Papagiannopoulou and Vangelis Goufas, respectively.

In 1965 he composed the music for the film "Monterna Stachtompouta (Modern Cinderella)" written and directed by Alekos Sakellariou, while the following year for the film "Diplopenies" directed by Giorgos Scalenakis. The second film features the songs "Matia Vourkomena", "Stou Othona ta chronia" and "Me ti kardia (Farewell)", in lyrics by Nikos Gatsos, performed by the actor Dimitris Papamichail. The film was presented at the San Sebastián festival and the Cannes Film Festival under the title "the syrtaki" and travelled to Japan, England and France. The album was released the following year in an English version, with Grigoris Bithikotsis, Vicky Moscholiou and Stamatis Kokota as performers. In 1966, the album "I Ellas xwris syntrimia" was released, which includes his and Theodorakis songs. His music had accompanied the documentary of the same title by Angelos Lambros.

In 1968 he composed the music for the film "Koritsia ston Hlio", directed by Vasilis Georgiadis, which won -4- awards at the Thessaloniki Film Festival,
including best music, while in 1969 the movie was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 1968, his first work on the rebetiko song titled "Markos o daskalos mas" was released, which includes –12- songs by Markos Vamvakaris, from his own perspective.

In 1972, the film was presented in Japan. He also composed -5- of the songs included in Nana Mouschouri's album "Spiti mou Spitaki mou", with lyrics by Nikos Gatsos. In the same year, he composed the music for the film "Lysistrata", the well-known ancient comedy of Aristophanes. In 1973, he composed the music for the TV series "Oi emporoi twn ethnwn", based on the same-titled novel by Alexandros Papadiamantis. There, the memorable song "Htane mia fora" performed by Nikos Xylouris is heard for the first time.

In 1973, he also composed the music for the theatrical performance "To megalo mas tsirko", by Iakovos Campanellis, in which - using satire and drama - a look back at the modern history of the country takes place. The play became a vehicle for expressing the protest of the Greek citizens against the dictatorial regime and the actors were persecuted. After the restoration of democracy, he composed the music for the song "Proskynima" which was added to the performance to honour the victims of the Polytechnic University. In 1966, together with Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis, they fought for the abolition of art censorship, which had been imposed by the dictatorial regime. He and the performer Nikos Xylouris, used to sing at the Polytechnic University supporting the anti-dictatorship struggle of the students.

In 1974, the album "Nyn kai aei" was released, performed by Viki Moscholiou and Nikos Dimitratos, as well as the album "Syllogi" performed by Nikos Xylouris. In 1976 he composed the music for the play "O peirasmos" by Grigoris Xenopoulos, with the album of the same title released the following year with the protagonist of the play, Aliki Vougiouklakis, as the performer.

Also, driven by his love and interest in classical music, in addition to folk and art music, he has composed works for a symphony orchestra, among which stand out the symphonic poem of 1969 "Kyra-Panagia", the "Piano Concerto" of 1971, "Endopsis" of 1979 for baritone and orchestra, in poetry by Giorgos Seferis, the suite for orchestra of 1982 "Anamniseis".

Returning from his studies in New York in 1983, he composed the music for the film "To Rebetiko", directed by Kostas Ferris. The lyrics of the songs were written by Nikos Gatsos. The film won -4- awards at the Thessaloniki Film Festival, including the special music award. The film won the Silver Bear award at the 34th Berlin Film Festival, while at the same time it was distinguished at the Valencia and Alexandria Film Festivals. In the same year he composed the music for the BBC television series "The dark side of the Sun", filmed in Rhodes, while in 1986 he composed the music for the film "Sweet Country", directed by Michalis Kakogiannis, which deals with the events of the dictatorship in Chile.

In 1986, his song "Ta traina po fygan" was performed by the Greek mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa, to be included in the album released
internationally entitled "Songs my country taught me". His collaboration with Mpaltsa includes concerts in major theatres of the world in Austria, Japan, the USA and Germany.

In 1988, a concert was held at the "Pallas" theatre in which Giorgos Dalaras and Dimitra Galani performed, while an album was released the same year under the title "Synaulia". In 1989 he met musically - for the first and last time on stage - with Manos Hadjidakis and Mikis Theodorakis at the Olympic Stadium. He conducted the orchestra for a large part of the concert, with Mikis Theodorakis performing popular songs. Their musical coexistence in the concert that took place is one of the most emblematic moments in the history of modern Greek music.

In 1989 he was elected a municipal councillor in the Municipality of Athens and served as deputy mayor for Cultural Affairs. He was also elected as a Member of Parliament in Athens from 1989 to 1990, when he resigned.

In 1991, the album "To kata Markon" was released with lyrics by Nikos Gatsos and performance by Giorgos Dalaras. In 1994 he collaborated again with Nana Mouschouri, composing the music for the album "Agapi einai Zoi", for which lyrics were written by Nikos Gatsos and Manos Hadjidakis. In that year, he composed the music and took over the theatre direction for the play "Aman - Amen", which presents the history of the Rebetiko song. He was also awarded as Doctor of Fine Arts at Adelphi University of New York.

In 1995 he took over the artistic direction of the State Orchestra of Hellenic Music (KOEM) which he conducted in many concerts, nationally and internationally. In 1996 he composed the music for the lyrical tragedy LLanto por Ignacio Sanchez Mejias (Funeral Song for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias), based on the same-titled poem of Federico Garcia Lorca, which was directed by Pierre Jourdan and presented at the Imperial Theatre of Compiegne.

In 1996, he also held a concert at the Berlin Opera with the participation of Dimitra Galani and KOEM, while in 1998, in collaboration with the Gennadeion Library of Athens, he presented the performance "Ode Poreias - Ode for Journey", conducting KOEM at Carnegie Hall of New York. In 1999, he conducted the musical performance "Magikes Nychtes", which took place at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory. As a tribute to the fifteen years since the death of Vassilis Tsitsanis, -25- top songs were presented, in his own orchestrations.

In 1999, the "Requiem - Night and Light" concert was held, co-produced by Greece, France and Belgium, under the light of the full moon, and under the imposing rock of Meteora, Thessaly. The performance was inspired by the unfinished "Requiem" as composed by Mozart. He conducted the National Symphony Orchestra of Lithuania, while the choirs of Philippopolis, Lithuania and Belgrade also participated. In 2000, conducting the State Orchestra of Greek Music, he held a tribute concert at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, for the 75th anniversary of Mikis Theodorakis birth, in which the composer was present. At the same year he presented the opera "Le visiter", while the
following year he curated a concert - a tribute to the work of Mikis Theodorakis- in which he conducted the KOEM. Both performances were held at the Imperial Theatre in Compiegne, France.

From 2000 to 2004 he was elected and served as a Greek Member of the European Parliament. During his term of office, he focused his interest on culture and education issues, making speeches and submitting relevant proposals and suggestions, within the framework of his institutional role. From 2000 to 2002 he was a substitute member of the Culture, Youth, Education, Media and Sports Committee, while from 2002 to 2004 a regular member of the same Committee. Among other things, he was a regular member of the Development & Cooperation and Reports Committees.

In 2001, the world-famous tenor Jose Carreras, accompanied by the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, performed the song "Ta traina pou fygan" which was included under the title "Volve" on the album "Around the World".

In 2004, he composed the emblematic music, which was heard at the opening ceremony of the 28th Summer Olympic Games in Athens, "To zeibekiko tou Dia", by which he travelled Greek music all over the world. At the same time, he composed the music for the ancient tragedy "Troades" by Euripides, directed by Diagoras Chronopoulos. The premiere of the film took place in the ancient theatre of Epidaurus and from there it travelled to Turkey, where it was presented for the first time in the ancient theatre of Troy. From 2005 to 2006 he was the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Hellenic Cultural Foundation.

In 2006, he orchestrated the album "Erimia" by Mikis Theodorakis with lyrics by Lefteris Papadopoulos, with performers Maria Farandouri and Manolis Mitsias. In 2008, he conducted the KOEM in a concert with the mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa at the Athens Concert Hall, the proceeds of which were allocated to the charity "I Agapi". In 2009, he presented his opera "Syrano and Roxani" at the National Opera, in a co-production with the Compiagne Imperial Theatre of France.

With a continuous presence at the Conservatory of Herodes Atticus, which constitutes a place of indescribable value and beauty for the world's cultural heritage, he has created and performed unforgettable evenings celebrating music. In 2009, it was the place where his partnership with Agnes Baltsa was repeated with the concert entitled "The songs of my homeland". In 2011 he presented songs by Hadjidakis, Theodorakis and his own, allocating the proceeds to the charity organization "together for the child". Also, in 2013, as part of a tribute to Melina Merkouris, he held a concert, in the second part of the show, presenting songs performed by the great Greek actress. In 2014, a retrospective of his musical career took place, through the show "Mana mou Hellas".

A landmark is the concert held at Carnegie Hall in New York in 2014 entitled "Greece for a Lifetime" in which a nine-member folk orchestra participated, while Stamatis Kokotas and Iro Saia sang. In 2015, he composed
music for the poem by Yiannis Ritsos "I sonata tou Selinofwtos" and held a performance at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, in which the songs were performed by the famous Greek singer Marinella.

As part of his charity action, in 2016, he held a grand concert, with the aim of collecting food, in which he presented top songs of his musical career, in the packed Panathinaikos Stadium (Kallimarmaro). His songs were performed by renowned Greek singers.

He presented three major concerts in Cyprus in 2017, while in 2018, he held an opening concert at the international Oud artistic festival in Jerusalem. In 2019, he held a concert in Safra Square in Jerusalem, which was attended mainly by Israeli citizens, who love Greek music.

In 2018, the President of Israel awarded him at a ceremony which was held at the Ambassador's residence in Athens, for his valuable contribution and promotion of the development of Israel's and Greece's cultural bonds and relations. At the same year, he was awarded as an honorary Doctor of the Department of Digital Media and Communication of Technological Institute of Western Macedonia, while in 2019 he was honoured in the same way by the Department of Music of the Faculty of Philosophy of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

In 2020, he held the concert "5 popular forms in an intensely erotic way", at the Herodes Atticus Conservatory, in the context of which songs from the works of Hadjidakis, Theodorakis, Tsitsanis, Vamvakaris and his own were presented. In 2021, on the occasion of the celebration of the -200- years since the liberation of Greece, he prepared and presented at the Conservatory a concert entitled "Thelei areti kai tolmi ... to tragoudi", paraphrasing the words of the Greek poet Andreas Kalvos. In 2022, a tribute concert to Nikos Xylouris was held, while this year two performances will be presented at the Conservatory, as part of the Athens and Epidaurus festival, during which he will enlist the power of songs which "point the way, are allies in the fight for a better life and banish fear", as he states.

His presence is intense and in a creative way and mood, he approaches Greek music by preparing performances, which are presented throughout the country, at festivals, archaeological monuments, emblematic theatres and places of historical value and importance. Through their conduct, he wishes to promote Greek songs and musical tradition and to contribute to their evolvement.

He has orchestrated many of his own songs, especially when they are going to be presented in concerts and performances, as well as other leading composers' music in order to approach songs from his own perspective, bring out their identity and scope and breathe new life into them.

Together with Manos Hatzidakis and Mikis Theodorakis, they are considered the trio of leading Greek composers who created and established the "artistic folk" song, enriching its repertoire with popular songs and orchestral works.

Music
While he mainly composed in the style of Greek popular music, Laïka, Xarchakos also composed in the classical music genre.

His music has been recorded to 42 albums, has been used in 21 movies and for 15 TV productions. Internationally he is known as the composer for the Rembetiko film score, composing the music for the Werner Herzog film Signs Of Life, and composing the music for the 1983 BBC TV mini series, The Dark Side of the Sun.

External links

1939 births
20th-century classical composers
20th-century male musicians
Greek classical musicians
Greek film score composers
Living people
Male film score composers
MEPs for Greece 1999–2004
Musicians from Athens
20th-century Greek musicians
New Democracy (Greece) MEPs

Stavros Xarchakos


Biomedicine (also referred to as Western medicine, mainstream medicine or conventional medicine) is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice. Biomedicine stresses standardized, evidence-based treatment validated through biological research, with treatment  administered via formally trained doctors, nurses, and other such licensed practitioners.

Biomedicine also can relate to many other categories in health and biological related fields. It has been the dominant system of medicine in the Western world for more than a century.

It includes many biomedical disciplines and areas of specialty that typically contain the "bio-" prefix such as molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, cell biology, embryology, nanobiotechnology, biological engineering, laboratory medical biology, cytogenetics, genetics, gene therapy, bioinformatics, biostatistics, systems biology, neuroscience, microbiology, virology, immunology, parasitology, physiology, pathology, anatomy, toxicology, and many others that generally concern life sciences as applied to medicine.

Overview
Biomedicine is the cornerstone of modern health care and laboratory diagnostics. It concerns a wide range of scientific and technological approaches: from in vitro diagnostics to in vitro fertilisation, from the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis to the population dynamics of the HIV virus, from the understanding of molecular interactions to the study of carcinogenesis, from a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) to gene therapy.

Biomedicine is  based on molecular biology and combines all issues of developing molecular medicine into large-scale structural and functional relationships of the human genome, transcriptome, proteome, physiome and metabolome with the particular point of view of devising new technologies for prediction, diagnosis and therapy.

Biomedicine involves the study of (patho-) physiological processes with methods from biology and physiology. Approaches range from understanding molecular interactions to the study of the consequences at the in vivo level. These processes are studied with the particular point of view of devising new strategies for diagnosis and therapy.

Depending on the severity of the disease, biomedicine pinpoints a problem within a patient and fixes the problem through medical intervention. Medicine focuses on curing diseases rather than improving one's health.

In social sciences biomedicine is described somewhat differently. Through an anthropological lens biomedicine extends beyond the realm of biology and scientific facts; it is a socio-cultural system which collectively represents reality. While biomedicine is traditionally thought to have no bias due to the evidence-based practices, Gaines & Davis-Floyd (2004) highlight that biomedicine itself has a cultural basis and this is because biomedicine reflects the norms and values of its creators.

Molecular biology

Molecular biology is the process of synthesis and regulation of a cell's DNA, RNA, and protein. Molecular biology consists of different techniques including Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electrophoresis, and macromolecule blotting to manipulate DNA.

Polymerase chain reaction is done by placing a mixture of the desired DNA, DNA polymerase, primers, and nucleotide bases into a machine. The machine heats up and cools down at various temperatures to break the hydrogen bonds binding the DNA and allows the nucleotide bases to be added onto the two DNA templates after it has been separated.

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to identify similar DNA between two unknown samples of DNA. This process is done by first preparing an agarose gel. This jelly-like sheet will have wells for DNA to be poured into. An electric current is applied so that the DNA, which is negatively charged due to its phosphate groups is attracted to the positive electrode. Different rows of DNA will move at different speeds because some DNA pieces are larger than others. Thus if two DNA samples show a similar pattern on the gel electrophoresis, one can tell that these DNA samples match.

Macromolecule blotting is a process performed after gel electrophoresis. An alkaline solution is prepared in a container. A sponge is placed into the solution and an agarose gel is placed on top of the sponge. Next, nitrocellulose paper is placed on top of the agarose gel and a paper towels are added on top of the nitrocellulose paper to apply pressure. The alkaline solution is drawn upwards towards the paper towel. During this process, the DNA denatures in the alkaline solution and is carried upwards to the nitrocellulose paper. The paper is then placed into a plastic bag and filled with a solution full of the DNA fragments, called the probe, found in the desired sample of DNA. The probes anneal to the complementary DNA of the bands already found on the nitrocellulose sample. Afterwards, probes are washed off and the only ones present are the ones that have annealed to complementary DNA on the paper. Next the paper is stuck onto an x ray film. The radioactivity of the probes creates black bands on the film, called an autoradiograph. As a result, only similar patterns of DNA to that of the probe are present on the film. This allows us the compare similar DNA sequences of multiple DNA samples. The overall process results in a precise reading of similarities in both similar and different DNA sample.

Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the science of the chemical processes which takes place within living organisms. Living organisms need essential elements to survive, among which are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus. These elements make up the four macromolecules that living organisms need to survive: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates, made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are energy-storing molecules. The simplest carbohydrate is glucose, CHO, is used in cellular respiration to produce ATP, adenosine triphosphate, which supplies cells with energy.

Proteins are chains of amino acids that function, among other things, to contract skeletal muscle, as catalysts, as transport molecules, and as storage molecules. Protein catalysts can facilitate biochemical processes by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. Hemoglobins are also proteins, carrying oxygen to an organism's cells.

Lipids, also known as fats, are small molecules derived from biochemical subunits from either the ketoacyl or isoprene groups. Creating eight distinct categories: fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits).  Their primary purpose is to store energy over the long term. Due to their unique structure, lipids provide more than twice the amount of energy that carbohydrates do. Lipids can also be used as insulation. Moreover, lipids can be used in hormone production to maintain a healthy hormonal balance and provide structure to cell membranes.

Nucleic acids are a key component of DNA, the main genetic information-storing substance, found oftentimes in the cell nucleus, and controls the metabolic processes of the cell. DNA consists of two complementary antiparallel strands consisting of varying patterns of nucleotides. RNA is a single strand of DNA, which is transcribed from DNA and used for DNA translation, which is the process for making proteins out of RNA sequences.

See also

References

External links

Branches of biology
Veterinary medicine
Western culture

Biomedicine


The star-mesh transform, or star-polygon transform, is a mathematical circuit analysis technique to transform a resistive network into an equivalent network with one less node. The equivalence follows from the Schur complement identity applied to the Kirchhoff matrix of the network.

The equivalent impedance betweens nodes A and B is given by:

where  is the impedance between node A and the central node being removed.

The transform replaces N resistors with  resistors. For , the result is an increase in the number of resistors, so the transform has no general inverse without additional constraints.

It is possible, though not necessarily efficient, to transform an arbitrarily complex two-terminal resistive network into a single equivalent resistor by repeatedly applying the star-mesh transform to eliminate each non-terminal node.

Special cases
When N is:
 For a single dangling resistor, the transform eliminates the resistor.
 For two resistors, the "star" is simply the two resistors in series, and the transform yields a single equivalent resistor.
 The special case of three resistors is better known as the Y-Δ transform. Since the result also has three resistors, this transform has an inverse Δ-Y transform.

See also
 Topology of electrical circuits
 Network analysis (electrical circuits)

References

 E.B. Curtis, D. Ingerman, J.A. Morrow. Circular planar graphs and resistor networks. Linear Algebra and its Applications. Volume 283, Issues 1–3, 1 November 1998, pp. 115–150| doi = https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3795(98)10087-3.

Electrical circuits
Circuit theorems
Transforms

Star-mesh transform


Metroid Prime 3: Corruption is a first-person adventure video game made by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Wii game console.

Plot
This game begins with a meeting between Samus, three other bounty hunters, and the Galactic Federation about a computer virus caused by Phazon infecting their organic supercomputers. The four bounty hunters must try and stop it. But in the middle of the meeting, some Space Pirates crash into the frigate, the GFS Olympus, and stop the meeting. Samus and the other bounty hunters go to stop both the Space Pirates and the virus. They learn a Leviathan meteor is headed for Norion. Samus heads to the planet and brings Generators A and C online, with a different hunter activating Generator B, powering a laser.

As Samus prepares to activate the last generator, Meta Ridley flies in and breaks the floor of the generator area, and Samus is forced to fight him in a long hole down to the planet's core. She eventually beats him, and brings Generator C online, and heads to the control room. Samus meets up with the other Hunters. Samus takes the keyboard of the control pad, and then Dark Samus attacks the bounty hunters, but Samus survives, as does the rest of the bounty hunters. The rest of the bounty hunters fall into a coma, while Samus manages to destroy the asteroid with the laser before she falls into a coma herself.

A month later, Samus finds out that Dark Samus' Phazon based attacks have partially corrupted her. She, along with the other bounty hunters, are fitted with Phazon Enhancement Devices (PED) which allows her to use the Phazon within her. She then finds out that her fellow bounty hunters have gone missing. Samus goes to several planets named Bryyo, Elysia, and the Pirate Homeworld, where she finds that the inhabitants are all slowly being corrupted by the Phazon Leviathans. On these planets, Samus must fight one of the corrupted hunters and the guardian of the Leviathan. After doing that, she learns of the Phazon homeworld, Phaaze.

She then lands on planet Phaaze. Seconds after she lands, Samus's PED Suit is in constant Hyper Mode because Phaaze's atmosphere, pure Phazon, is corrupting her. This causes a somewhat permanent Hypermode. She finds Dark Samus and they fight. Samus wins, causing the destruction of the planet.

It turned out that Phazze, a planet, was the source of Dark Samus, as well as the source of all Phazon. It would send meteors called "Leviathan Seeds" to some planets, like it did to Tallon IV and Aether, splitting Aether into Light Aether and Dark Aether. It is made of pure Phazon, with gaseous Phazon for its atmosphere, liquid for its "water", and solid for its ground. With its destruction, all the Phazon in the universe is destroyed, even the Phazon in Samus herself.

Gameplay
This is the first Metroid game for the Nintendo Wii, and so the controls have been changed to fit the controller. There is also a unique mode, called "Hyper Mode". The player uses the Nunchuk to move and use the grapple, as well as Morph Ball and Lock on. He or she also uses the Wii remote (commonly called Wiimote) for Hypermode, as well as all weaponry and jumping, and aiming.

References

2007 video games
Metroid Prime
Wii games
Wii-only games

Metroid Prime 3: Corruption


Donald C. Reinhoudt (March 5, 1945 – July 3, 2023) was an American powerlifter and strongman. He won the IPF World Powerlifting Superheavyweight Championship four consecutive times (1973–1976), and won the World's Strongest Man in 1979.

Widely considered to be one of the greatest powerlifters of all time, Reinhoudt set over forty powerlifting records throughout his career and held all four of the powerlifting records in his day. His world record raw total of , set in 1975, stood for 38 years.

Athletics
At Fredonia High School, Reinhoudt was an All-League basketball player, an All-Western New York football player and an All-Western shot putter.

Reinhoudt began lifting weights when he was an 18-year-old defensive end at Parsons College, a small college in Iowa. Reinhoudt not only played college football for four years, but was also on the varsity track team.

Reinhoudt competed in six Olympic weightlifting competitions, including the 1967 Junior Nationals.

Powerlifting
After experimenting with weightlifting, Reinhoudt began powerlifting in 1969. For the young Reinhoudt, his powerlifting idols, were Jon Cole, John Kuc and Jim Williams - the all-time great pioneers of the sport.

Reinhoudt took 3rd place in his first International appearance in the Open Division at the inaugural 1972 AAU World Powerlifting Championships with a 2,150 lb total finishing only behind John Kuc and Jim Williams. He went on to finish in 1st place 4 times in a row at the World Powerlifting Championships from 1973 to 1976, also winning the United States National titles during the same span. He was the only Super Heavyweight to hold IPF World Records in all three lifts (squat, bench press, deadlift) as well as in the Total simultaneously. He was also the first man to break the 2,400 lb barrier, with a 2,420 lb total (was later downgraded with the actual weight of 2391 pounds or 1084.5 kg), achieved in 1975. This Total of 2391 lb stood until 2013 as the highest powerlifting total ever achieved without supportive equipment (raw), making Reinhoudt effectively one of the strongest men in the history of powerlifting. Reinhoudt had all in all three meets, in which he totaled more than 2350 pounds. Reinhoudt is also one of the few lifters ever to have squatted more than 900 pounds raw (934.5) and bench pressed in excess of 600 pounds raw (607.4). In 1976, he even attempted a 904-pound deadlift three times in official meets (including at the IPF World Championships) and pulled it up past his knees but could not lock it out completely. Had he managed it, he would have been the only lifter in history, whose name is registered in all of the three powerlifting hall of fames for the 900 pound raw squat, 600 pound raw bench press and 900 pound deadlift. Additionally, Reinhoudt often missed other lifts only very closely, which would have been even bigger world records. For example, one year at the AAU Senior Nationals he bench pressed 620 pounds (raw) to full lockout but got two red lights for raising his toe during the lift. One time at national championships, Reinhoudt squatted 950 pounds raw without knee wraps, in only a thin Olympic belt. It didn't count, because it was deemed one inch too high - it would have been the all-time world record until June 2016.

On November 10, 1976, after winning the IPF World Championships, Reinhoudt retired from powerlifting mainly due to the inconvenience his heavy weight caused to his health, such as shortness of breath and lack of flexibility. He quickly dropped his weight from 365 to 239 pounds in the time span of only four months. In preparation for his appearance at the 1978 World's Strongest Man, Reinhoudt competed one last time at the Eastern Open in 1977, in the 275-pound class, where he set four world records: At 264 pounds bodyweight he totalled 2000 lb (725/525/750). He never competed in powerlifting afterwards and put all his energy on lifting for the World's Strongest Man shows.

Meet results
1972 AAU World Championships  Bronze, +242 lb Class  (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)
Squat: 830 lb, Bench: 590 lb, Deadlift: 730 lb---Total: 2150 lb

1973 IPF Champion +110 kg (+242 lb) Class (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)
Squat: 407.5 kg (899 lb), Bench: 262.5 kg (579 lb), Deadlift: 362.5 kg (799 lb)---Total 1032.5 kg (2277 lb)

1974 IPF Champion +110 kg (+242 lb) Class (New York City, New York)
Squat: 410 kg (904 lb), Bench: 252.5 kg (557 lb), Deadlift: 375 kg (827 lb)---Total: 1037.5 kg (2288 lb)

1975 IPF Champion +110 kg (+242 lb) Class (Birmingham, England)
Squat: 400 kg (882 lb), Bench: 250 kg (551 lb), Deadlift: 380 kg (838 lb)---Total: 1030 kg (2271 lb)

1976 IPF Champion +110 kg (+242 lb) Class (New York City, New York)
Squat: 390 kg (860 lb), Bench: 252.5 kg (557 lb), Deadlift: 372.5 kg (821 lb)---Total: 1015 kg (2238 lb)

World's Strongest Man
After retiring from powerlifting in 1976, Reinhoudt was invited to the 1977 World's Strongest Man contest. While being on a hardcore diet, he had just lost 125 lbs of body weight from 365 to 239. So he declined but vowed to compete in the following year. He competed in the following three competitions from 1978 to 1980. In 1978 he was leading field over the most part of the competition, but lost the final tug of war by losing balance and finishing 2nd to Bruce Wilhelm. The following year Reinhoudt won the competition in 1979, beating a young Bill Kazmaier. He was forced to withdraw from the 1980 World's Strongest Man competition after tearing his biceps and left hamstring, which proved to be career ending injuries. He retired from competition in August 1980, shortly after this contest.

Personal records

Powerlifting
Powerlifting competition records:

done in official Powerlifting full meets

Squat - 934.5 lb (423.9 kg) raw without knee wraps (935.0 lb @336 lb, which later weighed out at 934.5 lb)
→ former IPF world record in SHW class (+regardless of weight class)
→ former all-time highest raw squat in SHW class (+regardless of weight class) for almost 20 years from April 10, 1976 to July 16, 1995*
→ former all-time highest raw squat without knee wraps in SHW class (+regardless of weight class) for almost 40 years from April 10, 1976 to June 13, 2015 where it was surpassed by Ray Williams 938 lb (425.5 kg).
Bench press - 607.4 lb (275.5 kg)  raw
→ former IPF world record in SHW class (+regardless of weight class); surpassed by Wayne Bouvier's 610 pounds
Deadlift - 885.5 lb (401.6 kg) raw
→ former IPF world record in SHW class (+regardless of weight class); surpassed by Bill Kazmaier's 886 pounds
→ former all-time world record deadlift in SHW class (+regardless of weight class) from May 5, 1975 to November 29, 1981**
Powerlifting Total - 2391.5 lb* (904.5-601.5-885.5) raw with only ace bandages  (1097.7 kg (415.0-276.7-406.0) / 2420 lb (915.0-610.0-895.0) @357 lb, which later weighed out at 2391 lb)
→ former IPF world record in SHW class (+regardless of weight class); surpassed by Bill Kazmaier's 2425 pounds
→ former all-time world record powerlifting total in SHW class (+regardless of weight class) from May 5, 1975 to January 31, 1981***
→ former all-time highest unequipped powerlifting total in SHW class (+regardless of weight class) for over 35 years since 1975; surpassed by Andrey Malanichev's 2425 lbs (1100 kg) on December 7, 2013.

Career aggregate total (best official lifts) - 2427.4 lb (934.5 + 607.4 + 885.5)

* surpassed by Mark Henry with 948.0 lbs (430.0 kg) with knee wraps on July 16, 1995.

** the former all-time world record in the deadlift was previously held by Jon Cole at 882 pounds; it was surpassed by Bill Kazmaier with 886.26 lb on November 29, 1981.

** the former all-time world record total was previously held by Jon Cole at 2370 lb (weighed out at 2364 lb); it was surpassed by Bill Kazmaier with 2425 lb on January 31, 1981.

Powerlifting gym records (unofficial):

done in training

Squat - 1000 lb raw
Bench Press - 606 lb raw
Deadlift - 950 lb raw

Career aggregate unofficial total (best training lifts) - 2556 lb (1000 + 606 + 950)

Incline bench press - 575 lb (in 1980) raw
Deadlift - 900 lb for 3 reps raw

Weightlifting
Reinhoudt only did Olympic lifting in his younger years when he weighed approximately 240 pounds

Snatch: 260 lb
Clean and Jerk: 370 lb
Olympic Lift Total: 630 lb

combined weightlifting/powerlifting Supertotal: 630 lb + 2391 lb = 3021 lb

5-best-lift total: 260 lb + 370 lb + 934.5 lb + 607 lb + 885.5 lb = 3057 lb

World's Strongest Man records
done in WSM 1979

 Barrel Overhead Press: 300 lbs barrel - winning lift 1979 (lifting barrel of the ground to arm's length)
 Car Lift Deadlift: 2550 lbs car - second best lift 1979 (lifting two tires off the ground)
 Girl Lift (Squat on Smith Machine) - 1000 lbs  (453.5 kg) winning lift 1979

Personal life
Reinhoudt was married to Pam and had two children from a previous marriage; Molly and Ben. He was a Christian. After obtaining a degree in finance, Reinhoudt worked as an accountant in his parents' accounting firm and later was the director of the Chautauqua County Youth Bureau, a position he held until his retirement. In his position as Youth Bureau Director, Reinhoudt gave various motivational speeches to youth in Western New York, often including minor feats of strength in his presentations, such as picking people up with his teeth, driving nails through boards with his hands, and tearing license plates and phone books.

Reinhoudt died on July 3, 2023, at the age of 78 in a one-vehicle crash in the Town of Pomfret in Chautauqua County.

Measurements
measurements without exercising or "pumping up"

 Height: 6-foot-3-inches to 6-foot-4-inches (190 to 193 cm)
 Weight: up to 380 pounds (172.5 kg)
 Neck size: 22 inches (56 cm)
 Chest: 60 inches (152,5 cm)
 Upper arm: 22 3/4 inches  (58 cm)
 Forearm: 18 1/2 inches (47 cm)
 Thighs: 34 inches (86,5 cm)
 Shoe size: 15 EEE
 According to Terry Todd Don Reinhoudt is one of the biggest world-class lifters in Olympic or powerlifting history.

Recognition
International Powerlifting Federation Hall of Fame - Class of 1980
World Powerlifting Hall of Fame - Class of 1998
Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame - Class of 2005
United States Powerlifting Hall of Fame
Chautauqua County
Chautauqua Sports Hall of Fame

See also
 Jim Williams
 John Kuc
 Jon Cole
 Bill Kazmaier

References

1945 births
2023 deaths
American powerlifters
American strength athletes
American male weightlifters
Parsons Wildcats football players
People from Brocton, New York
20th-century American people
21st-century American people

Don Reinhoudt


Brian John Cahill  MBE (16 February 1931 – 8 March 2015) was an Australian radio and television presenter, newsreader and politician who worked first in radio, and then in television from 1959 until 1982. In 1983, Cahill was elected to the Parliament of Queensland, as the member for Aspley, Brisbane until 1986. Following this, he returned to his first profession, teaching, and continued a lifelong commitment to musical theatre. In 1984, with wife Denise, he formed the Queensland Musical Theatre, of which he was President and (often) a lead performer in its productions.

Cahill was born in Innisfail in 1931 and attended Cairns State High School and St Joseph's College, Nudgee. After leaving school, he moved to Brisbane to train as a teacher, and was posted to far north Queensland, where he worked in schools at Almaden and Tully Falls. Blessed with a rich, resonant voice and excellent diction, he began working as an announcer at commercial radio station 4CA Cairns - the start of his long career in broadcasting. In 1955, he married Pamela Holmes and moved to Melbourne, where he taught at Essendon Grammar School. He continued part-time as a broadcaster at 3TR Sale, until returning to a position as an announcer and newsreader at 4BC Brisbane. In 1959, Channel 7 was preparing to launch in Brisbane and Cahill became the station's first newsreader on its opening night, 1 November 1959. He worked as a news anchor for all three commercial television stations in Brisbane over the following 23 years, concluding at Channel 0 (10) in 1982, the same year in which he was Director of Radio Operations for the XII Commonwealth Games, staged in Brisbane from 30 September to 9 October.

He had returned to daytime teaching in 1973, at St Joseph's College, Gregory Terrace, Brisbane, in tandem with his evening television work. He served as subject head of both English and History at Terrace until his departure in 1980, to return to the 4BC newsroom as breakfast newsreader and journalist. Following a lifetime interest in politics, Cahill won pre-selection as the National Party candidate for the state seat of Aspley, in Brisbane's northern suburbs, in early 1983 and won the seat in that year's election. In a damaging internal party brawl, he was narrowly disendorsed as the Nationals' candidate for the seat in the 1986 election and retired from Parliament. He would later serve for 15 years as the Secretary of the Former Parliamentary Members Association (Qld).

In later life, he returned to teaching, at Wynnum State High School and rekindled his career as an actor and musical theatre performer, appearing in a range of professional and semi-professional stage and television productions.

In 1980, he was awarded an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) in recognition of his service to the community and to radio and television news. He died on 8 March 2015. He was survived by his second wife, Denise (married 1966), three children and two stepchildren.

References

Australian television newsreaders and news presenters
1931 births
2015 deaths
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Queensland
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Innisfail, Queensland

Brian Cahill