Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin is a video game produced by Sega and developed by Technopop initially on the Mega Drive/Genesis. It was ported internally by Sega for the Master System and Game Gear consoles, the latter being published by Acclaim Entertainment through its Flying Edge division. An updated version was also released for the Sega CD was also done internally at Sega under the name of The Amazing Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin.

All versions of the video game are side-scrolling platform games, whereby the player controls superhero Spider-Man to battle various supervillains (Doctor Octopus, Sandman, The Lizard, Hobgoblin, Vulture, Mysterio, Electro, and Venom) to obtain the keys needed to disarm a nuclear bomb that the Kingpin has not only framed Spider-Man for stealing but plans to detonate within twenty-four hours. In the middle of the game, Spider-Man's wife Mary Jane Watson is also kidnapped by Venom.

Plot
A few weeks after becoming Spider-Man, Peter Parker becomes married to Mary Jane Watson. Meanwhile, Kingpin establishes a criminal empire and forcefully transforms respected scientist Otto Octavious into Doctor Octopus. Peter reveals his identity to Mary Jane, who accepts. The two are then attacked by Doctor Octopus, who claims to want to know more information about Spider-Man (and is searching for Peter due to him taking photos of Spider-Man). Peter defeats Doctor Octopus, who reveals himself to be Octavious and apologizes for his crimes. Peter is then attacked by a thug named Flint Marko, who he defeats easily, though Marko is picked up by one of Fisk's helicopters. Fisk gains help from scientist Curt Connors, intended to be a replacement for Octavious, and transforms Marko into Sandman. Elsewhere, Mary Jane is kidnapped by Bugle reporter Eddie Brock, who has bonded to the Venom symbiote. Spider-Man defeats Sandman, but is phoned by Kingpin, who says he has employee Venom and has captured Mary Jane. Curt Connors attempts to increase Venom's power, but fails. Kingpin injects him with an artificial serum and he becomes Lizard. Spider-Man attempts to find Kingpin's hideout, but is stalked and captured by Lizard. Spider-Man complies to his capture, so he can get closer to Kingpin. Before they get to Kingpin's hideout, Spider-Man injects Connors with an antidote, causing him to return to his normal form. Peter attempts to get to Kingpin's hideout on his own using a GPS on Lizard. On his way, he is captured by a mysterious man, who refers to himself as Hobgoblin. Hobgoblin speaks of his rivalry with Kingpin, and gives his assistance in charge for Spider-Man's cooperation. Spider-Man grudgingly complies, and the two get to Kingpin's headquarters. The while inside Kingpin's hideout, Kingpin reveals to Spider-Man via hologram that Hobgoblin was working for him the whole time. Hobgoblin unmasks as Harry Osborn. The two battle and Spider-Man comes out on top. Angered, Kingpin sends his three most powerful mercenaries, Vulture, Mysterio, and Electro. The three fight on a plane, with Vulture and Spider-Man being the last ones standing. Angered, Vulture cuts open the plane's engine. Spider-Man manages to save Vulture and the passengers. Vulture reforms, but Spider-Man is attacked by Venom and Kingpin. Spider-Man fights them both at once, but is defeated. Meanwhile, Mary Jane manages to escape. In the wreckage of the plane, Spider-Man passes out, but is woken up by a reformed Octavious, Connors, and Harry Osborn as Hobgoblin. The three defeat Venom, but Kingpin sends out hundreds of criminals to plague New York. Vulture manages to help Spider-Man get into the centre of New York. Hobgoblin injects Venom with a gene cleanser, removing the Venom from his body. Kingpin, angered, retreats, swearing revenge. In an epilogue sequence, Mary Jane and Peter marry in a happy ceremony, Fisk is exposed and imprisoned, and Peter is named Daily Bugle's employee of the month. Later, J. Jonah Jameson reads a newspaper about Spider-Man and smirks. Meanwhile, in a distant sewer, Venom stumbles through a sewer and collapses, with the Venom symbiote escaping.

Ports

Mega Drive/Genesis version
The Sega Mega Drive version was released in 1991 and was widely popular with comic book fans, helping to establish the success of the 16-bit Mega Drive/Genesis system. Critics noted that the game had superior graphics, sound and faithfully recreated the characters for the video game universe, even allowing the player to take pictures of the major and minor enemies in the video game to sell at the Daily Bugle to buy more web fluid. The additional ultra-hard challenge was a fight with Venom at the end of each round, before reaching the actual boss. In addition to Venom, there are also many other popular Spider-Man villains that player would have to fight, such as Doctor Octopus, Lizard, Electro, Mysterio, Sandman and Hobgoblin.

According to developer Randel B. Reiss, this version was a huge commercial success: two thirds of all Mega Drive owners at the time also bought the game, and single-handedly convinced Marvel Comics not to cancel the licensing deal they had with Sega.

Master System / Game Gear version
The 8-bit Sega Master System version is noted as one of the last Master System games officially sold in North America. Like other Master System games released in the United States in 1991, it is European imports that were published by Sega of America, as no boxes or manuals were produced for the American market. The game had the same basic format and storyline as the 16-bit version, with redesigned levels, cutscenes (that included a cameo from Doctor Strange) and even on the easiest setting was seen as being difficult to complete. In this version Mary Jane would not be kidnapped but still appear at the end of the game if players attain the best ending.

A nearly identical port was also released for the Sega Game Gear portable system.

Mega-CD/Sega CD version
The 16-bit Mega-CD/Sega CD version (1993) made several improvements to game to take advantage of extra memory capabilities of the CD-ROM system. Animated scenes, with voice actors, were added to move the story along and to show what happened when the player died. Gameplay was sped up in this version; Spider-Man could move and climb surfaces significantly faster than in the Mega Drive version. The game also added two new levels, extra combat moves, the ability to collect reproductions of famous Spider-Man comic books issues, and an original musical score by Spencer Nilsen and rock band Mr. Big. The game also was more non-linear as the player could venture to various locations throughout the city (including a local television station). However, the ability to take pictures during the game in order to earn money for web fluid was taken out of this version. The game also added two new levels (Mysterio's Funhouse and the Vulture in the subway). In addition, before battling the Evil Kingpin, the player must first defeat Bullseye and Typhoid Mary. The game had three different difficulty levels (easy, normal and nightmare) and a contest was held (details were provided in the instructions manual along with a sheet to mail in) to see who could successfully complete the game in the ultra-hard nightmare mode and collect all 21 comic book covers.

Alternative endings
In the final level of the Mega-CD and Mega Drive games, Spider-Man must defeat Kingpin before Mary Jane is dropped into a pit of acid. The Mega-CD version features some alternate cutscenes depending on the outcome of this level. If the player beats Kingpin, but not in time to save Mary Jane from falling into the acid pit, the police will arrest Kingpin and Spider-Man angrily vows to avenge Mary Jane. If the player fails to defeat Kingpin (or his bodyguards), Spider-Man and Mary Jane will be tied up and lowered into the acid pit together. The Mega Drive version is similar, only Kingpin will escape once Mary Jane is killed, leaving a heartbroken Spider-Man on his knees.

In the Master System version, Mary Jane doesn't get kidnapped. If the player loses or flees the final battle, though, Kingpin will get away.

Reception

Legacy

The Sega CD version of the game and its additional "Mysterio's FunHouse" level inspired a similar level in the Xbox, PS2, and Gamecube versions of the 2004 game Spider-Man 2, developed by Treyarch. Mysterio was included in the game in part as an intended homage to Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin.

References

External links

1991 video games
Sega video games
Game Gear games
Master System games
Sega Genesis games
Sega CD games
Video games about bomb disposal
Video games based on Spider-Man
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by David Young
Video games scored by Spencer Nilsen
Video games set in New York City
Side-scrolling platform games
Action games
Superhero video games
Single-player video games
Technopop (developer) games

Spider-Man vs. The Kingpin


Ian "Basil" Millward (born 22 August 1960) is an Australian rugby league coach, occasional pundit and former player. Millward is now the assistant coach of St George Illawarra in the National Rugby League (NRL).

Millward is the former head coach of Wigan, St. Helens, Leigh and Castleford. He was in charge at Wigan from May 2005, his appointment coming just two weeks after an acrimonious departure from the club's fiercest rivals, St Helens. He was sacked by Wigan on 11 April 2006 for their poor start to 2006's Super League XI season – having won just one of eight league games. In October 2006 he returned to Australia. Millward lasted one and a half seasons at Castleford before leaving half-way through the 2013 season.

Biography
Millward was born in Wollongong, New South Wales, and played rugby league for Illawarra Steelers lower grades in his youth, after impressing for the state's schoolboys team. His hopes of a successful playing career were ended when he was forced to retire in 1983 after suffering a serious neck injury.

He turned to coaching, taking up a position with Illawarra Western Suburbs. He also had spells with Wollongong University. In 1997, he was coach of the Steelers reserve grade team, as well as an assistant coach with the first grade Illawarra Steelers side. His first senior appointment came in 1998 when he took charge of struggling English side Leigh, who had then come close to relegation to the game's third tier. He soon transformed Leigh from relegation candidates to promotion contenders, catching the eye of a number of Super League clubs in the process. He moved to St Helens in March 2000 after the sacking of Ellery Hanley.

Under Millward, St Helens reached the 2000 Super League Grand Final and defeated Wigan Warriors, retaining their title. He took St Helens to the 2002 Super League Grand Final which they won against the Bradford Bulls. They also won the Rugby League Challenge Cup in 2001 and 2004 and the World Club Challenge in 2001. In 2001 Millward was named Super League Coach of the Year.

His time there was not without controversy, however. His decision to field an under-strength side due, he said, to injuries in a Super League match against Bradford, just a week before the Challenge Cup Final backfired badly. The move incurred the wrath of the game's authorities and St Helens were beaten in the final by Wigan, when all the injured players returned.

He repeated the trick in another match against Bradford over Easter 2004, claiming a heavy fixture burden had taken its toll. St Helens were well beaten in the game at Odsal Stadium and the fall-out overshadowed the rest of the club's season. It later emerged that two St Helens players, Sean Long and Martin Gleeson, had bet on their side to lose before the team was announced. Both were later banned and the Rugby Football League (RFL) tightened up rules by insisting squads had to be named 72 hours in advance.

Millward's St Helens career also ended controversially after he was suspended pending a disciplinary hearing in May 2005. He was sacked for gross misconduct a week later, his offences including three incidences of foul and abusive language: to a club employee; Warrington's press officer; and a fourth official at a match against Bradford. St Helens also claimed that Millward lied to an RFL disciplinary hearing and distorted the truth about the club's sale of Gleeson to Warrington in 2004.

Within a fortnight, Millward was at Wigan Warriors as head coach above Denis Betts. He had a difficult start with Wigan, losing a Super League match 70–0 to Leeds Rhinos and, more humiliatingly, a Challenge Cup tie at St Helens 75–0. Wigan ended the season seventh in the Super League, missing out on the play-offs for the first time in the competition and club's history.

After a disastrous start to the 2006 Super League, Millward was relieved of his duties as head coach of Wigan on 11 April 2006. During this time, a combination of poor performances and injuries to key players had seen Wigan slump to bottom of the engage Super League. Wigan had won just one of eight league games. The club issued this statement:

"Following a meeting of the board of directors the Wigan club can confirm that head coach Ian Millward has been dismissed with immediate effect. Ian will be leaving the club and team affairs will be managed in the short term by the assistant coaches Stuart Wilkinson and Andrew Farrar." He was replaced the following week by then Bradford Bulls coach, Brian Noble.

Millward enjoyed some time away from rugby league after being sacked by Wigan but later in 2006 he returned to the club where he started his English coaching career to become coaching co-ordinator at National League One side Leigh Centurions. Millward also worked as a co-presenter on rugby league matches shown on Sky Sports or BBC.

In 2007 Millward was appointed the assistant coach at National Rugby League side North Queensland Cowboys. After Graham Murray resigned in May 2008, Millward took over as a head coach for the remainder of the season.

Millward was appointed as assistant coach to David Furner at the Canberra Raiders on a two-year contract from 2009.

On 30 June 2009 it was announced that Millward would be re-joining Championship side Leigh Centurions in England from 2010. Millward signed a three-year contract after Canberra agreed to release Millward from his contract. He took over from Terry Matterson as the coach of Castleford starting for the 2012 season he has signed a 3-year deal to stay with the club. Millward was released by Castleford Tigers by mutual consent on 9 April 2013 after a very poor run of just one win in 18 games and with the team at the bottom of the Super League table at the time.

In 2014, Millward returned to Australia to coach the Illawarra Cutters NSW Cup team, replacing former Steelers centre Paul McGregor as coach. In 2015 he became assistant coach of the St George illawarra dragons to assist new coach Paul McGregor

Millward has worked as a TV pundit for the Super League Show broadcast on the BBC and also has featured as a summariser at televised games.

External links
 Ian Millward Wigan Coaching Career Page on the Wigan RL Fansite.

References

1960 births
Living people
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Castleford Tigers coaches
Leigh Leopards coaches
North Queensland Cowboys coaches
St Helens R.F.C. coaches
Wigan Warriors coaches
Rugby league players from Wollongong

Ian Millward


In Aztec mythology, Ometochtli is the collective or generic name of various individual deities and supernatural figures associated with pulque (), an alcoholic beverage derived from the fermented sap of the maguey plant. By the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology a collection of beliefs and religious practices had arisen in the context of the manufacture and ritualistic consumption of the beverage, known as the "pulque (or octli) cult" with probable origins in a mountainous region of central Mexico. In Aztec society octli rituals formed a major component of Aztec religion and observance, and there were numerous local deities and classes of sacerdotes ("priests") associated with it.

"Ometochtli" is a calendrical name in Classical Nahuatl, with the literal meaning of "two rabbit".

See also
Centzon Totochtin
Macuil-Tochtli
Mayahuel
Tepoztecatl

Notes

References

Aztec pulque gods

Ometochtli


The Kandinsky Library (or Bibliothèque Kandinsky in French) is a library of 20th and 21st century visual arts located at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, France. It also serves as the Documentation and Research Centre of the French National Museum of Modern Art (Musée national d'art moderne / Centre de création industrielle, or MNAM / CCI).

It is named after the Russian painter and art theorist Wassily Kandinsky, a pioneer in abstract art and a leading figure in early 20th century visual arts.

Collections
Created in 2002, the Kandinsky Library includes over 200,000 works (art books, art journals, photographs, audio recordings, videos, artists' archives, etc.) from about 5,000 artists, designers, and architects. A large fraction of these collections come from the former Centre national d'art contemporain (CNAC). Since the acquisition of the Paul Destribats collection in 2006, the Kandinsky Library is one of the larger visual art collections in the world for the first half of the 20th century.

Notes

External links
 Online catalog
 Research tool for archival finding aids

Visual arts libraries
Research libraries in France
Libraries in Paris
Wassily Kandinsky
Libraries established in 2002
2002 establishments in France

Bibliothèque Kandinsky


Ateşten Gömlek (The Daughter of Smyrna or The Shirt of Flame) is a 1923 black-and-white Turkish drama film, co-produced by Kemal Seden and Şakir Seden, written and directed by Muhsin Ertuğrul based on a memoir of the same title (The Turkish Ordeal, published first in English) by Halide Edib Adıvar. The movie marks a milestone in the cinema of Turkey as  for the first time ever Turkish Muslim actresses, namely Bedia Muvahhit and Neyyire Neyir, featured in a movie. It is in general about some events during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923). Its remake with the same title was released in 1950, directed by Vedat Örfi Bengü.

The movie was premiered on 23 April 1923, the third anniversary of Grand National Assembly of Turkey's foundation at Palas Sinema in Beyoğlu, Istanbul. It was shown to audience in two separate ticketed screens.

Plot
The husband and the little son of Ayşe, featured by Bediha Muvahhit, are killed by Greek troops during the occupation of Izmir (1919–1922) after World War I (1914–1918). With the help of an Italian Levantine family, Ayşe, slightly wounded, goes to Istanbul, where she lives in the home of her paternal first cousin Peyami. There, she meets Major İhsan, a friend of Peyami. The three takes part at protest rallies against the occupation of Izmir held at Sultanahmet Square. However, following the occupation of Istanbul by the Allied forces briefly after, she is forced to escape to Anatolia accompanied by Peyami. The two joins the military unit of the Turkish National Resistance led by Major İhsan. Ayşe helps by nursing and Peyami becomes an officer subordinate to İhsan. Both men, İhsan and Peyami, fall in love with Ayşe. This love turns into a "shirt of fire" (Ateşten Gömlek) for both. Ayşe, however, has a heart for İhsan only. İhsan gets wounded in action, and she treats him. Meanwhile, İhsan promises to marry her after he enters Izmir as the first Turkish soldier. In order to draw Ayşe's attention, Peyami intends also to be the first soldier in Izmir. Peyami is killed in action soon after. Ayşe, hearing the bad news, runs to the front, but she is also killed by enemy shrapnel shell.

First Turkish Muslim actresses
The novel Ateşten Gömlek written by Halide Edib Adıvar (1884–1964), a women's rights activist, who actually participated in the Turkish War of Independence,
was first appeared as serial in the newspaper İkdam between 6 June and 11 August 1922 before it was published in book form. Since it became of great interest, its filming came into question.

In the Ottoman Empire, acting of Muslim women in movies was not allowed for reasons of religion. In all the movies, the woman roles were played by the Christian or Jewish women of minorities in Turkey. Adıvar stipulated that she would only permit her novel be filmed when the lead role is featured by a Turkish Muslim woman.

Muhsin Ertuğrul (1892–1979) asked his friend Ahmet Refet Muvahhit whether his newly married wife Bedia Muvahhit (1897–1994) would be eligible for the lead role. She accepted to feature as Ayşe. For the supporting female role of Kezban in the movie, a newspaper advertisement was published. Only one woman, Münire Eyüp (1902–1943), applied. She played in the movie under the pseudonym Neyyire Neyir. She later married to Muhsin Ertuğrul.

Cast

References

External links

1923 films
1920s war drama films
Turkish black-and-white films
Turkish war drama films
Turkish-language films
Films set in Turkey
Films directed by Muhsin Ertuğrul
1923 drama films
Turkish War of Independence films

Ateşten Gömlek


The fictional superhero team Fantastic Four featured in Marvel Comics publication has appeared in four live-action films since its inception. The plots deal with four main characters, known formally as Reed Richards, Susan Storm, Ben Grimm and Johnny Storm, and how they adapt to the superpowers they attain.

Constantin Film bought the film rights for the characters in 1986. A low-budget film was produced in 1992 by New Horizon Studios owned by Roger Corman. In 2004, after Constantin sub-licensed the film rights to 20th Century Fox, a second Fantastic Four film entered production. Fantastic Four was released in 2005 and the sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer was released in 2007. Both films received mixed to negative reviews from critics, yet earned a combined  worldwide at the box office. Due to 20th Century Fox's disappointment with the box-office return of Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, a potential third Fantastic Four film and a Silver Surfer spin-off film were canceled.

A reboot of the series, Fantastic Four, directed by Josh Trank, was released in 2015 and received largely negative reviews from both critics and audiences, as well as from Trank himself and became a box office bomb. A sequel was scheduled to be released in 2017, but was canceled.

In March 2019, Marvel Studios regained the film rights to the Fantastic Four and associated characters, along with the X-Men and Deadpool after Disney acquired 21st Century Fox. A new film featuring the team, part of Phase Six of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, is currently in development for a scheduled release on May 2, 2025.

After the acquisition, the 20th Century Fox-produced Fantastic Four films were rebranded as "Marvel Legacy" films on Disney+ alongside the studio's X-Men films, thus separating them from MCU titles produced by Marvel Studios. They were then retitled "Fantastic Adventures" in July 2023 (alongside two Fantastic Four animated series), with X-Men becoming "Mutant Legacy".

Films

The Fantastic Four (1994, unreleased)

The plot follows four astronauts on an experimental spacecraft who are bombarded with a comet's cosmic rays, whereby they acquire extraordinary abilities.

Bernd Eichinger of Constantin Film acquired the film rights of the Fantastic Four from Marvel Comics in 1986. In order to maintain the rights, Eichinger hired Roger Corman in 1992 to produce a low-budget film. The 1994 adaptation The Fantastic Four had its trailer released to theaters, while the cast and director went on a promotional tour; however the film was never officially released. Some accused the film of being an ashcan copy, made only to retain the license. Stan Lee and Eichinger stated that the actors had no idea of the situation, instead believing they were creating a proper release. Marvel Comics paid in exchange for the film's negative, so 20th Century Fox could go ahead with the big-budget adaptation. While released neither to theaters nor home-video, bootleg copies did surface.

Tim Story films (2005–2007)

Fantastic Four (2005)

The story features Reed Richards, Ben Grimm, Susan Storm, Johnny Storm and Victor Von Doom getting hit by a space storm after boarding a space station. As a result of the radiation from the storm, they gain new abilities and powers that they have deal with in their own ways.

Chris Columbus was hired by 20th Century Fox to write and direct the film in 1995. In 1997, Peter Segal was attached to a script which had been written by Columbus and Michael France. Segal later left the project in the same year. Phillip Morton worked on the script, and Sam Hamm did rewrites in 1998. The following year, Raja Gosnell signed on as director. The film was announced in August 2000 as being aimed for a July 4, 2001 release date. Gosnell decided to leave the project to film Scooby-Doo. Peyton Reed served as replacement in April 2001. Reed contemplated making the film as a period piece set in the early 1960s during the space race. He later dropped out from the film. In April 2004, Tim Story was hired to direct and principal photography began in August in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada with re-shoots carried on until May 2005. Starring Ioan Gruffudd, Jessica Alba, Chris Evans, Michael Chiklis and Julian McMahon, the film was released on July 8, 2005.

Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007)

The story, both inspired by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby's Fantastic Four comic-book storyline "The Galactus Trilogy" and Warren Ellis's comic-book Ultimate Extinction, features the Silver Surfer, whose cosmic energy has been affecting the planet Earth and leaving craters around the planet. Set against an impending wedding between Reed and Susan, the U.S. Army recruits the Fantastic Four to help stop the Silver Surfer, and separately gain help from Doom.

With Fantastic Four grossing $333.5 million worldwide, 20th Century Fox hired director Tim Story and screenwriter Mark Frost in December 2005 to return to work for the sequel. Don Payne was also hired to write the screenplay. Principal photography began on August 28, 2006 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The film was released on June 15, 2007.

Due to 20th Century Fox's disappointment in the box-office performance of the film, a potential third Fantastic Four film and a Silver Surfer spin-off film were cancelled.

Fantastic Four (2015)

The story, loosely based on the Ultimate Fantastic Four comic-books, features four people teleporting to an alternate universe, which alters their physical form and grants them new abilities. They must learn to harness their abilities and work together as a team to save the Earth from a familiar enemy.

In August 2009, the development for the reboot of the Fantastic Four film franchise was announced by 20th Century Fox. In July 2012, Josh Trank was hired to direct. Michael Green, Jeremy Slater, Seth Grahame-Smith and Simon Kinberg were hired to write the screenplay with Slater and Kinberg receiving credit. Casting began in January 2014 with the announcement of the cast occurred in the following months. Principal photography began in May 2014 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and ended in August the same year. Starring Miles Teller, Kate Mara, Michael B. Jordan, Jamie Bell and Toby Kebbell, the film was released on August 7, 2015. The film was a box office bomb, received overwhelmingly negative reviews, and is often considered to be one of the worst films ever made. A sequel was originally planned for 2017, but was removed from the studio's schedule in November 2015. This was also the last Fantastic Four film produced by Fox before 20th Century Fox was sold to Disney and the rights reverted to Marvel Studios.

Marvel Cinematic Universe (2022–present)

Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022)

An alternate version of Reed Richards appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022), played by actor John Krasinski, a popular fancasting choice for the character. This version of the character, originating from Earth-838, is both a founding member of his reality's Fantastic Four team, as well as a council member on the Illuminati alongside other superpowered individuals, who observe and apprehend potential threats to the wider Multiverse. He is initially present at the trial of the displaced Stephen Strange from "Earth-616" (Benedict Cumberbatch), whom he warns for potentially causing an incursion as his reality's Strange did. However before he and his colleagues could decide on Strange's consequences, they would be confronted by the corrupted Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch from 616-Strange's reality, who possessed a body of her own variant to infiltrate their headquarters. In spite of Richards' attempts to reason with Wanda without resorting to physical conflict, he is killed alongside most of his associates. Additionally, the Earth-838 Christine Palmer is mentioned to be a member of the Baxter Foundation as a Multiverse analyst and researcher.

Prior to the film's release, Disney and Marvel Studios had attempted to retain secrecy surrounding both the inclusion of Mister Fantastic and Krasinski's involvement in the film. However, his appearance in the film alongside the other then-unrevealed Illuminati members would be leaked just prior to the film's wide release on May 6, 2022, through the circulation of footage and pictures depicting his character.

Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023)

Elements from Fantastic Four volume 1 #16 and volume 2 #19 were adapted in Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023).

Future

The Walt Disney Company agreed to a $52.4 billion deal to acquire 21st Century Fox in December 2017, including its subsidiary 20th Century Fox. Disney's CEO Bob Iger stated that they planned to integrate the Fantastic Four into the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), alongside the X-Men and Deadpool. The $71.3 billion deal was officially completed in March 2019. At the 2019 Marvel Studios San Diego Comic-Con presentation, Kevin Feige announced a Fantastic Four film set in the MCU. By December 2020, Jon Watts was attached to direct the film; Watts previously helmed the Spider-Man films set in the MCU. In April 2022, Watts stepped down as director to take a break from directing superhero films. Later in July, Feige revealed that the reboot will not have an origin story. In August, Matt Shakman was in early talks to direct the film, which was confirmed in September during the Disney event D23. The same month, Jeff Kaplan and Ian Springer were hired as writers for the film. By March 2023, Josh Friedman was hired to rewrite the script. Principal photography is scheduled to begin in January 2024, in London.

Fantastic Four is scheduled to be released in the United States on May 2, 2025, as part of Phase Six of the MCU.It was originally set to be released on November 8, 2024 and February 14, 2025.

Cast and characters

Crew

Home media
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released Fantastic Four (2005), Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer and Fantastic Four (2015) on DVD, Blu-ray and digital download. The films were also released on DVD and Blu-ray box sets:

Reception

Box office performance

The Fantastic Four film series has grossed over $342 million in North America and over $803 million worldwide.

Critical and public response

Critics' reception of all Fantastic Four films has been generally negative. Scott Weinberg of eFilmCritic called the 1994 film "[a] painfully silly film, one with more heroic intentions than actual assets".

Rene Rodriguez of The Miami Herald gave negative reviews to the Fantastic Four films directed by Tim Story. Regarding Rise of the Silver Surfer, he said that the "story does the same sort of efficient, impersonal job he did on the first film, keeping things at such a basic, almost childish level that it seems the movie is aimed squarely, if not exclusively, at the 12-and-under set". However, Roger Moore of Orlando Sentinel gave Story's Fantastic Four films good reviews. He called the first film a "popcorn popper" and a "cinematic sugar buzz" and the second film an "entertaining film that doesn't overstay its welcome".

The 2015 Fantastic Four film was the most weakly reviewed in the series; it was criticised for its dark, humorless tone, its character arcs, designs (especially that of Dr. Doom), bland acting, and poorly written story. Director Josh Trank was himself not satisfied, posting a message on Twitter stating he had envisioned a better version of the film, but it was ruined by Fox; he later deleted the message.

Cancelled films

Doctor Doom
At San Diego Comic-Con International 2017, Noah Hawley said that he was developing a film centered on Doctor Doom. Dan Stevens was also said to be involved with the film. In June 2018, Hawley said that the script was almost finished, but that there was "a little uncertainty" about whether it would be filmed due to his upcoming film Pale Blue Dot and the acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney. In 2019, Hawley revealed that he was still unsure about whether he would be continuing the project, as it had not been officially greenlit, but that he had spoken to Kevin Feige about it. That August, Hawley told Deadline that the movie "is done", implying that he was no longer working on it.

Silver Surfer
In 2007, after the release of Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, 20th Century Fox hired J. Michael Straczynski to write the screenplay for the Silver Surfer spin-off film. Straczynski said his script was a sequel, but also delved into the Silver Surfer's origins. It was later cancelled after Fox decided to reboot the Fantastic Four film series.

In February 2018, a Silver Surfer film was in development with Brian K. Vaughan attached to the script.

Untitled Fantastic Four sequel
Before Fantastic Four began filming, 20th Century Fox announced plans for a sequel with a scheduled release date of July 14, 2017. Fox then rescheduled the release for June 2, 2017, with War for the Planet of the Apes taking its place on the July 14, 2017, slot. It changed the release date again to June 9, 2017, to be two weeks after Star Wars: The Last Jedi initial scheduled release date of May 26, 2017. Due to Fantastic Four poor box office performance of and negative reviews, Pamela McClintock of The Hollywood Reporter said that it "throws into question whether Fox will move ahead with a sequel". In November 2015, the sequel was removed from Fox's release schedule. When asked by Collider whether they would make another Fantastic Four film, Kinberg stated: "I have no idea. I think the truth is we would not do another Fantastic Four movie until it was ready to be made. One of the lessons we learned on that movie is we want to make sure to get it 100% right, because we will not get another chance with the fans".

Concept artist Alexander Lozano revealed that Trank's iteration of the Fantastic Four were considered for cameo appearances in Tim Miller's take on Deadpool 2.

Notes

References

20th Century Studios franchises
Action film series

Marvel Entertainment franchises
Science fiction film series

Fantastic Four in film


Boylife is the debut album by Lo-Fi-Fnk, released on July 24, 2006. According to the band this is "An eleven track story about being young for too long." "Reminds you a bit of that feeling you got when you heard Daft Punk for the first time. Disco without a thought of a tomorrow..."

Track listing

References

External links

2006 debut albums
Lo-Fi-Fnk albums
Moshi Moshi Records albums

Boylife


The Wintersmith Park Historic District, known locally as simply Wintersmith Park, is a historic district located at 18th Street and Scenic Drive in Ada, Oklahoma.  The park includes a lake, a lodge, bridges, trails, courts and a public amphitheater.  The area is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The park is named for Frances Wintersmith.

Location and activities
Wintersmith Park is located on the southeastern edge of Ada.  It is south of 18th Street, east of Scenic Drive and west of Country Club Road.  The park contains  of land, Wintersmith Lake, a public swimming pool and splash park, a lodge, courts for basketball, softball, volleyball and horseshoes, a  lighted trail, eight picnic pavilions, a playground, a dog park, and a Kiwanis amusement park as well as bridges, trails and a public amphitheater.

History
Wintersmith Park was a "New Deal" work program, created during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) to improve communities and provide wages for unemployed people.  Work began on the park in 1933 when the young men of camp number 824 arrived in Ada.  The men were paid a monthly wage of $30.

The Wintersmith project was unique among New Deal projects as it was the first time the National Park Service (NPS) would be working with the CCC on a project.  The NPS usually worked only on the country's national parks.

The combined team would work for more than a year to transform  on Ada's eastern edge. They built a lake, a lodge, bridges, trails, and a public amphitheater.

Public Amphitheater
Built into a naturally occurring slope on the parks south edge, the amphitheater consists of natural stone found in the park and stone quarried from nearby Fittstown, Oklahoma. A crew of stonemasons worked for three months to complete the project.

When completed in 1934, the amphitheater was arguably one of the most distinctive places in Oklahoma. The amphitheatre served as host for many community events, including plays, musicals, public speaking, beauty pageants, talent shows and community sings.

Over the years, however, the amphitheater had slid into disrepair. Frequent use, low level of maintenance and the elements combined to press the amphitheater into a worn out state. The cap stones that serve as seats were often broken, cracked or missing. The risers holding up the seats had suffered significant erosion damage. The barrier walls on the north and sound ends of the amphitheater were compromised or sometimes missing altogether.

Dr. Marvin Kroeker, a longtime Ada resident and East Central University history professor emeritus, hoped to save the amphitheater and bring it back to its former glory.  In 2000, Dr. Kroeker took Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office deputy Melvena Heisch on a tour of the park and the amphitheater. He sought to convince Mrs. Heisch to nominate the amphitheater for designation on the National Register of Historic Places.  After the tour, Mrs. Heisch determined the entire Wintersmith area, to be known as the Wintersmith historic district, should be nominated for the Register.  The park, including the amphitheater, was accepted for the Register in June 2000.

Following the designation, Dr. Kroeker saw the opportunity to solicit funding from the Oklahoma Centennial Commission for restoration of the amphitheater. The Ada city council voted to designate the amphitheater Ada's Oklahoma Centennial project and made the application for funding from the Centennial Commission.  The Centennial Commission accepted the amphitheater project application, and the project was funded with $150,000 of commission grants.

Restoration of the amphitheater has begun.  Student and adult volunteers have cleaned up the amphitheater and took down weeds and undergrowth.  Dirt contractors have moved the earth to help protect the area from erosion. Concrete workers have poured the new handicap areas at the top and foot of the amphitheater.  New "butternut" cap stones were put into place to replace the broken and missing seating.

Upcoming construction plans call for concrete drop off area and parking, concession and ticket buildings, walkways and a stage. Soon after restoration, a special production reintroducing the amphitheater, celebrating Oklahoma's centennial and recognizing the 75th anniversary of America's New Deal is expected.

Jones Chapel Schoolhouse
Jones Chapel Schoolhouse (also known as the "Little Red Schoolhouse") is located in the park off 18th Street. The schoolhouse opened in 1907 west of town. It was moved to the Kerr Lab area in 1976, where it was painted red, and then its current location in Wintersmith Park in 1990. The schoolhouse has many windows, which served both for light and air-conditioning when the building was in use.

Campbell Cabin
The Campbell Cabin, located next to the schoolhouse, is another structure with historic significance to the area. The cabin represents Ada's early history in homemaking and demonstrates what it would have been like to live as a pioneer in a log cabin.  A sign on the cabin reads "Cecil & Nell Campbell 1609 E 18th ST."

References

Swanson, E. (2018, April 28). Dog park build in park. Ada News Paper. Retrieved May 21, 2022, from https://www.theadanews.com/news/local_news/city-building-new-dog-park-at-wintersmith-park/article_b630b84e-6d83-590e-aae2-a064fb164377.html

External links
Listing on Archiplanet
Listing on NRHP
Wintersmith photos on Flickr (unofficial)

Civilian Conservation Corps in Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
Ada, Oklahoma
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma
National Park Service Rustic architecture

Wintersmith Park Historic District


Michael Brant DeMaria is an American psychologist, author, and musician.

Music

DeMaria's album Siyotanka was released in January 2009 debuting at #2 on the Zone Music Chart, a music airplay tracking agency.  It climbed to #1 on the Chart in February 2009. Siyotanka was composed as a soundtrack to a play by the same name co-written with Stephen C. Lott, Ph.D. and produced in 2008.   It went on to win a Native American Music Award in October 2009 in the Native Heart category.  Siyotanka  was then nominated for a Grammy in December 2009 during the 52nd Grammy Awards.  Siyotanka in March 2010 won the Zone Music Award for Best Native American Music Album of 2009.

DeMaria's album Ocean was released in November 2009 debuting at #1 on the Zone Music Chart.  Ocean held this number one spot in December 2009 and January 2010 for a total of 3 months. Ocean went on to win Best Ambient Album of 2009 and Best Relaxation/Meditation Album of 2009 at the ZMR Music Awards. In December 2010 during the 53rd Grammy Awards, Ocean became DeMaria's second Grammy nomination this time for Best New Age Album of the Year.

DeMaria began composing Ocean after the hurricane seasons of 2004 and 2005 along the Gulf Coast where he and his family were displaced from their home following hurricane Ivan.  Ocean was the follow-up to his first release The River released in 2003 and the first in his Healing Sound Series.

In November 2010 DeMaria released the third album in the Ontos Healing Sound Project, Gaia which also became his third album to reach #1 on the Zone Music Chart which it did in December 2010.Gaia then went on to be nominated in 4 categories in the ZMR awards in February 2011 and in March 2011 went on to win ZMR Album of the Year for 2010 as well as ZMR World Music Album of the Year for 2010.  In December 2011 during the 54th Grammy Awards,  Gaia became DeMaria's third Grammy nomination, his second for Best New Age Album of the Year.

In January 2012 DeMaria released the fourth album in the Ontos Healing Sound Project, Bindu which also became his fourth album to reach #1 on the Zone Music Chart. Bindu held the number one spot on the chart for 2 months.  In December 2012 during the 55th Grammy Awards, Bindu went on to be DeMaria's fourth Grammy nomination, and his third for Best New Age Album of the Year.

DeMaria was a contributing artist on the Grammy winning children's album, All About Bullies...Big and Small in the 54th Grammy Awards.

In the summer of 2011 DeMaria released a compilation of his music on the Sounds True Label under the title, In The Flow: Music for Emotional Healing.  DeMaria's second release on the Sounds True Label in his Music for Emotional Healing came in the summer of 2012 entitled Solace. DeMaria's title track to his Grammy Nominated album Ocean was chosen by Eckhart Tolle for inclusion on his 2012 release Music for Inner Stillness.

Michael is a 2009 graduate of the Musicianship and Leadership program of Music for People.

Psychologist and author
DeMaria graduated from the New College of Florida with a degree in philosophy and from the University of West Florida with a degree in psychology. He received a master's degree in psychology and a doctorate in clinical psychology, both from Duquesne University. He wrote his dissertation on the phenomenology of human emotions.

His books include Horns and Halos and Ever Flowing On; one book of poetry, Moments; and three plays which have been produced, Siyotanka, Café Mezzo, and The Maiden of Stonehenge. His work has examined the role of creativity on emotions, growth, and healing.

Discography

The River (2003), Ontos Music
Siyotanka (2008), Ontos Music
Ocean (2009), Ontos Music
Gaia (2010), Ontos Music
In The Flow (2011), Sounds True
Bindu (2012), Ontos Music
Solace (2012), Sounds True
The Maiden of Stonehenge (2013), Ontos Music
Heart of Silence (2015), Sounds True
Ama (2018), Ontos Music

Bibliography

Books
Horns and Halos (Peter Lang Publishing,  1992)
Ever Flowing On (Terra Nova Press, 2005)
Peace Within (Ontos World Press, 2016)
Plays
Cafe Mezzo (Loblolly Theatre Press, 2007)
Siyotanka (Ontos World Press/PLT, 2008)
The Maiden of Stonehenge (Ontos World Press/PLT, 2012)
Poetry
Moments: Healing Poems for the Journey Home (Ontos World Press, 2008)
When All Is Lost: Finding Heart in the Dark (Ontos World Press, 2020)
Articles
DeMaria, M.B., Poetry and the Abused Child; Journal of Poetry Therapy, Vol. 5, No. 2 1991
DeMaria, M.B., Cowden, T. C., The Effects of Client-Centered Group Play Therapy On Self Concept; International Journal of Play Therapy, 1, pp. 55–67 1992
DeMaria, M.B., et al. Colors of Disaster: The Psychology of the Black Sun; The Arts in Psychotherapy, Vol. 23, No. 1 pp. 1–14, 1996
DeMaria, M.B. Artuad and the Voice of Uncertainty, The Humanistic Psychologist, Vol. 19, No. 2 p. 207-216.

References

External links
 Official website
 YouTube page

1962 births
Living people
Musicians from Norwalk, Connecticut
21st-century American psychologists
Duquesne University alumni
New College of Florida alumni
University of West Florida alumni
Writers from Norwalk, Connecticut
20th-century American psychologists

Michael DeMaria


The Canons Regular of the Holy Cross of Coimbra are a Catholic religious order of canons regular founded in Portugal in the 12th century. The follows the Rule of Saint Augustine.

History

The Canons Regular of the Holy Cross of Coimbra were founded by St. Theotonius, Archdeacon Dom Tello, and Dom Juan Peculiar in 1131. Construction of its first monastery began on June 28, 1131. On Ash Wednesday, February 24, 1132, the original twelve, along with sixty others who had joined them, made their profession of vows and received the habit. That same day Theotonius was elected Superior. They adopted the customs of the Canons Regular of St. Ruf and in addition to the choral office undertook the pastoral care of neighboring parishes. Under Theotonius, the community flourished, and other houses were added. Hospices at Coimbra and Penela served numerous migrants and travelers. The order enjoyed widespread support, and received privileges and royal patronage.  Their success however stirred up considerable jealousy among the cathedral canons and local Bishop. Saint Charles Borromeo was named Cardinal protector of the Order.

Besides offering the sacred liturgy and pastoral work, the canons wrote historical works on Portugal and translated medical works from Arabic. Eventually all the various regional communities of canons regular in Portugal came to be a part of this Order.

Evangelization
The Order of the Holy Cross were entrusted with the mission of the re-evangelization of the territories reclaimed from the Moors. It received official papal approval on May 5, 1135, from Pope Innocent II.

In 1136 Theotonius sent a group of the Canons to the Church of Our Lady of Sorrows in the area of Leiria, Portugal. Four years later, the Moors besieged the Castle of Leiria. The Canons were captured and killed. During this same year Theotonius is said to have consecrated Portugal to the Archangel Michael. In 1154 Dom Pedro and Dom Alfonso and their companions were martyred in Morocco. In 1158 the Monastery of the Holy Martyr Romanus was burned by the Moors; the community of eight canons and their Prior perished.

Anthony of Lisbon was a member of this Order before he left them to join the newly founded Franciscans.

Suppression
Over time struggles between the bishops and various houses and internal dissension among the houses grew. Attempts at reform were made sporadically throughout the 15th and early 16th centuries, the result of which was the suppression or transference of many canonical houses to other orders. By the end of the 18th century, the congregation had slipped into decadence, several houses had been suppressed and in 1791 the Commission to Examine Religious Orders closed almost all novitiates in Portugal.  The French invasion and occupation of Portugal (1807–11) left the canons further diminished. However they held on for a few more years until the decree of final dissolution in 1834 by the Portuguese government.

Revival
In 1977, a movement called the Work of the Holy Angels began to work to restore the Order, which was approved in 1979 by Pope John Paul II. The letters "O.R.C."' represent membership in this Order.

In 1993, the Brazilian priest Frederico Cunha was found guilty of the murder in Madeira of a 15-year-old who resisted his homosexual advances and was imprisoned. He maintained his innocence both then and later. In April 1998 he absconded to Brazil, from where he, as a Brazilian, could not be extradited to Portugal, but could have been subjected to a new trial, if the Portuguese government had requested it. The prison term to which he was condemned expired on 8 April 2018. According to the newspaper Correio da manhã, Cunha was a Canon Regular of the Holy Cross. By his own account and that of the Diocese of Funchal, he was instead incardinated in that diocese.

Notable members
 Athanasius Schneider, Auxiliary Bishop of Astana, Kazakhstan
 João Pereira Venâncio, Former Bishop of Leiria-Fátima, Portugal

Footnotes

External links
 The website of the Order of the Canons Regular of the Holy Cross
 The website of the Work of the Holy Angels movement

1131 establishments in Europe
Canons regular
Catholic Church in Portugal
Christian religious orders established in the 12th century
12th-century establishments in Portugal


The reverse star schema is a schema optimized for fast retrieval of large quantities of descriptive data. The design was derived from a warehouse star schema, and its adaptation for descriptive data required that certain key characteristics of the classic star schema be "reversed".

Model
The relation of the central table to those in dimension tables is one-to-many, or in some cases many-to-many rather than many-to-one; the primary keys of the central table are the foreign keys in dimension tables, and the main tables are, in general, smaller than the dimension tables.

Main table columns are typically the source of query constraints, as opposed to dimension tables in the classical star schema. By starting queries with the smaller table, many results are filtered out early in the querying process, thereby streamlining the entire search path.

To add further flexibility, more than one main table is allowed, with main and submain tables having a one-to-many relation. Each main table can have its own dimension tables. To provide further query optimization, a data set can be partitioned into separate physical schemas on either the same database server or different database servers.

See also
 Snowflake schema

References

Data warehousing
Data modeling

Reverse star schema


Big Dave McLean (born August 23, 1952) is a Canadian blues guitarist, harmonicist, singer and songwriter. A veteran performer, his work has had an influence on many western Canadian blues musicians, including Colin James and Wide Mouth Mason. Notable McLean songs include "She's Got the Stuff", "Kanadiana", "Up On Waverly", and "St. Mary At Main".

Billboard noted that "Big Dave's been the quintessential behind-the-scene bluesman. He's done more to shape the Western Canadian blues scene than perhaps any other artist".

In 2019, Big Dave McLean was awarded the Order of Canada for his musical influence of Delta and Chicago blues and for mentoring musicians.

Life and career
McLean was born in Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada, to a concert pianist mother, and a Presbyterian minister father. They later lived in Moose Jaw, before relocating to Winnipeg, Manitoba when Dave was at the age of 10. Introduced to the blues as a teenager via his older brother's record collection, the two siblings travelled to the Mariposa Folk Festival in Toronto in 1969.  Whilst there, John P. Hammond gave McLean an impromptu lesson on guitar playing, to supplement the latter's rudimentary efforts thus far at playing the harmonica. This meeting saw McLean learning how to play Bo Diddley's, "I'm a Man". McLean much later recalled the incident stating that Hammond was "one of the most courteous gentlemen on this planet, you know, totally helpful, inspiring".

McLean starting playing at the Regina Folk Club, and at the Winnipeg Folk Festival, where he gained experience before releasing his debut album, Muddy Waters For President (1989), which was recorded at the Bud's On Broadway club in Saskatoon. McLean had previously opened for his musical hero, Muddy Waters.

The follow-up was For The Blues... Always (1998), an attempt to spread his music to a wider audience.  The album was produced by Colin James and recorded in Vancouver, with musicians James (guitar), Norm Fisher (bass), Eric Webster (piano) and Chris Norquiest (drums), all augmenting McLean's work.  The track listing included McLean's cover versions of "Little Red Rooster" (Willie Dixon), "Just Your Fool" (Little Walter), "Dust My Broom" (Elmore James), "Rollin' and Tumblin'" (Muddy Waters) and "Cakewalk Into Town" (Taj Mahal). The three-day recording's budget was only $1,600. In addition to performing and recording, McLean spent around 20 years regularly doing odd jobs, such as construction work, to supplement his income.

In 1998, he played in a duo with Tim Williams at the Calgary Folk Music Festival. McLean has also appeared solo at the Sasktel Saskatchewan Jazz Fest.

Blues from the Middle (2003) was his second Stony Plains release, and included guest contributions from Sue Foley and Duke Robillard.  It was followed by Acoustic Blues (Got 'Em From The Bottom) in 2008.

Faded But Not Gone was released in 2014 on Black Hen Music, and dealt with the aftermath of the deaths of McLean's mother and brother. Recorded in Nashville, the album contained contributions from Colin Linden, Colin James, and Kevin McKendree, with Ann and Regina McCrary on backing vocals.

In 2015, McLean starred in a low budget film documentary, Ain't About the Money, exploring the trials and tribulations in performing the blues.

Other ventures
Patrick Friesen wrote Singer, a docu-drama on Richard Manuel for CBC Radio Manitoba (1989), which featured McLean; as well as Voice, a 1996 radio documentary (featuring McLean and Tracey Dahl), by CBC Radio Manitoba and produced by Andrea Ratuski.

In 1991, Saturday Night Blues, a compilation album of recordings by Canadian blues performers, was released by Stony Plain Records and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It contained the Big Dave McLean and the Muddy-Tones track, "T.V. Preacher Blues". In 2006, McLean contributed the track "Howlin' for My Baby" to Saturday Night Blues: 20 Years, a double compilation album also released by CBC.

In 2005, The Perpetrators contributed to a tribute album to McLean, entitled We Best Choose to Pick the Blues.

Awards
Whisky Award, 2005
Runner-up for Singer Of The Year
Western Canadian Music Award, 2004
Outstanding Blues Recording - Blues from the Middle
Prairie Music Award, 1999
Outstanding Blues Recording - For the Blues... Always
Great Canadian Blues Award, 1998
Juno Award
1992 (winner – Saturday Night Blues)
2009 (nominated)
2016 (nominated)
Maple Blues Award nominations:
Acoustic Act Of The Year, 1998, 1999, 2000 & 2003
Blues With A Feeling Award, 2007 (winner)
Toronto Blues Society Lifetime Achievement Award
Order of Canada, 2019

Discography

Solo albums

See also
Canadian blues
List of blues musicians

References

1951 births
Living people
Canadian blues singers
Canadian blues guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian harmonica players
Canadian male singer-songwriters
Canadian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Winnipeg
Musicians from Saskatchewan
People from Yorkton
Stony Plain Records artists
Black Hen Music artists
20th-century Canadian guitarists
21st-century Canadian guitarists
20th-century Canadian male singers
21st-century Canadian male singers
20th-century Canadian singer-songwriters
21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters

Big Dave McLean


Ochroconis lascauxensis is a species of fungus of the Ascomycota phylum that was officially described in May 2012. The organism was obtained and isolated from Lascaux Cave in France, where it had begun appearing on the Paleolithic cave paintings on the walls of the cave. Along with the discovery of Ochroconis lascauxensis, the closely related Ochroconis anomala was also discovered on the paintings. The black stains that they caused first began being observed in 2001 and spread so far that they were considered to be a large concern by 2007.

Along with its sibling species, Ochroconis lascauxensis was selected on May 22, 2013, by the International Institute for Species Exploration, located at Arizona State University, as one of the "Top 10 New Species" that had been discovered in 2012. The winners were selected from among a pool of more than 140 nominees. The two fungi were chosen because of their importance in relation to properly conserving the cave painting at Lascaux.

History
After first being observed in the early 2000s, a number of treatments involving biocides were conducted to try to remove the fungal species, though they ultimately proved ineffective. The species was identified by using a genomic DNA study to compare its genetic structure to those of other species within the genus Ochroconis. Once confirmed, a method using a PCR assay was done to determine how extensive the species had spread throughout the cave system. It was ultimately determined that Ochroconis lascauxensis was to be found in every cave compartment within Lascaux Cave.

A biocide treatment was attempted, involving benzalkonium chloride, miristalkonium chloride, and 2-octyl-2H-isothiazole-3-one, which resulted in a net decrease of fifty percent of the fungus in the caves, but it was noted that those left had a significant increase in their diversity.

References

External links

Enigmatic Ascomycota taxa
Fungi described in 2012
Fungi of Europe

Ochroconis lascauxensis


George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont (30 August 1786 – 2 April 1845) of Orchard Wyndham, Somerset and Silverton Park, Devon, was an English nobleman and naval officer.

Origins

He was the son of William Frederick Wyndham (1763–1828), youngest son of Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont (1710–1763) and his wife Frances Mary Harford (1759–1822), the illegitimate daughter of Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore, by Mrs. Hester Whelan.

Inheritance
His father's elder brother, George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1751–1837), of Petworth House, Sussex, died without legitimate male issue and so George Francis Wyndham as the heir male succeeded him as Earl of Egremont (and Baron Wyndham and Baron Cockermouth). Perhaps to his surprise, and certainly disappointment, he did not however inherit the great estate and mansion of Petworth (inherited by the 2nd Earl ultimately from the ancient and noble Percy family), which the 3rd Earl bequeathed instead to his natural son Col. George Wyndham, created Baron Leconfield in 1859.

Career
George Francis received his first Royal Navy commission in 1799, rising to captain in 1812.

Buildings
The 4th Earl's principal residence was at Orchard Wyndham, Watchet, in Somerset, the ancient seat of the Wyndham family since the 16th century. He was a prolific builder and early patron of the architect James Thomas Knowles (senior) (1806–1884) and built the following:
Blackborough House, in the parish of Blackborough, Devon, near Kentisbeare, commenced in 1838 to the design of John Thomas Knowles (senior) but never completed. Italian Renaissance or "Tuscan" in style. It is now semi-derelict and surrounded by a scrap yard.
All Saints Church, Blackborough, 1838, to the design of John Thomas Knowles (senior).
Silverton Park in the parish of Silverton, Devon, 1838 to the design of John Thomas Knowles (senior). Neo-classical or "Grecian", unusual in being "entirely clothed in colonnades"(Pevsner). Demolished 1901. It has been suggested that the 4th Earl had commenced the building of Blackbourough House as a secondary seat (from which on occasion he could supervise his Devon estates), with the assumption that Petworth would descend to him at his uncle's death as his principal seat. When that did not occur he determined that Blackborough would not be sufficiently grand as a principal seat and so commenced the building of the more palatial Silverton Park.
Kentisbeare House, in the parish of Kentisbeare, Devon, built in 1841 as the rectory (for his cousin Rev. Wyndham Scott, appointed by his uncle Hon. Percy Charles Wyndham (1757–1833), 2nd son of 2nd Earl) to the design of John Thomas Knowles (senior).
Prispen House, Silverton, built in 1839 as the new rectory of Silverton, for which the old rectory was demolished, to the design of Richard Carver. As patron he installed in it as rector his friend Rev. Charles Tripp, the son of Rev. John Tripp (d.1814), rector of Sutton, near Petworth, by his wife Sarah Burchill, said to have been an illegitimate daughter of the 2nd Earl. Charles's brother was Henry Tripp (d.1835), a barrister of the Middle Temple who resided at the Wyndham seat of Orchard Wyndham. Prispen House burnt down in 1990.

Marriage
On 14 November 1820 he married Jane Roberts (died 1876), third daughter of Rev. William Roberts, vice-provost of Eton College; but left no surviving issue.

Death and succession
He died on 2 April 1845 at Silverton Park, without issue and his titles thus became extinct. Under his will, his heir for her life was his widow who died in 1876, and in remainder thereafter to his cousin, William IV Wyndham (1769–1841) of Dinton, Wiltshire, who shared common descent from Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645) of Orchard Wyndham, Somerset. William IV had died in 1841, four years before the Earl's death, but his heir in 1876 became William IV's grandson, William VI Wyndham (1834–1914) of Dinton, who thus inherited the ancient family manor of Orchard Wyndham in Somerset.

References

Sources
George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont at thePeerage.com

1786 births
1845 deaths
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Royal Navy officers
Earls of Egremont
Calvert family
George

George Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont


The Burning Bed is both a 1980 non-fiction book by Faith McNulty about battered housewife Francine Hughes, and a 1984 TV-movie adaptation written by Rose Leiman Goldemberg. The plot follows Hughes' trial for the murder of her husband, James Berlin "Mickey" Hughes, following her setting fire to the bed he was sleeping in at their Dansville, Michigan home on March 9, 1977, and thirteen years of physical domestic abuse at his hands.

Plot
On March 9, 1977, Francine Hughes and her three children arrive at the Dansville, MI, police station, where she turns herself in, after setting her husband, James Berlin "Mickey" Hughes, on fire in their home. Public defender Aryon Greydanus is appointed as Francine's attorney and tries to gain insight into her motive. Initially reluctant, Francine recounts her life and the events leading up to the murder.

In 1964, sixteen-year-old Francine meets Mickey Hughes, and the two marry shortly after. Mickey begins displaying signs of jealousy and anger and physically abuses Francine, often in the presence of his parents. The abuse escalates over the years, and circumstances worsen with Mickey's alcoholism. Francine divorces Mickey and takes their three young children. Mickey tries to convince Francine to get back together with him, promising he has changed his ways, but Francine refuses. After learning Mickey has been involved in a serious car accident, rendering him severely injured, Francine agrees to care for him temporarily in his parents' home; however, the situation eventually traps Francine into a domestic partnership with him. As the children get older, Francine takes business courses at a community college, much to Mickey's disapproval. Mickey's abuse becomes relentless, and Francine tries to leave numerous times, only for Mickey to follow her and threaten her into returning. She also seeks help from the police, family courts, and Mickey's family, but to not avail.

As the case goes to trial, Francine testifies about the horrifying instances of abuse she suffered from Mickey over the years and what happened the day of the murder:

Francine returns home late from school, after giving a classmate a ride home, enraging a drunken Mickey. He refuses to allow her to cook TV dinners for the family and beats her. He then orders her to quit school, and when Francine refuses, he destroys her school books and forces her to burn them. Later that night, at dinner, Mickey beats her again and knocks the food on the floor. He rubs Francine's face in the mess and orders her to quit school again. A defeated Francine agrees. Afterward, Mickey rapes her and falls asleep in a drunken stupor. Francine goes to the garage and obtains a can of gasoline, which she pours over Mickey's body. She takes her children to the car and drives away as the house becomes engulfed in flames.
As the jury returns from deliberation, Francine is found not guilty by reason of temporary insanity, and Francine is embraced by her children.

Film adaptation
Having adapted the book into a made-for-television movie, Goldemberg's screenplay, The Burning Bed, premiered on NBC on October 8, 1984. Directed by Robert Greenwald, the film starred Farrah Fawcett as Francine Hughes and Paul Le Mat as Mickey Hughes.

The house was in Rosharon, Texas.

The movie was filmed in El Monte, California.

Cast
 Farrah Fawcett as Francine Hughes
 Paul Le Mat as James Berlin "Mickey" Hughes
 Richard Masur as Aryon (Arjen) Greydanus
 Grace Zabriskie as Flossie Hughes
 Penelope Milford as Gaby
 Christa Denton as Christy Hughes, age 12
 James T. Callahan as Berlin Hughes
 Gary Grubbs as District Attorney
 David Friedman as Jimmy Hughes, age 10
 David Andrews as Wimpy Hughes
 James Hampton as Police Witness
 Virgil Frye as Virg
 Dixie K. Wade as Hazel Moran
 Heather Rich as Christy age 6
 Justin Gocke as Jimmy age 4
 Elizabeth Lyn Fraser as Nicole Hughes
 Jeremy Ross as Judge Hotchkiss

Ratings
The movie premiered with a household share of 36.2 ranking it the 17th highest rated movie to air on network television and NBC's highest rated television movie.

Critical response
Television critic Matt Zoller Seitz in his 2016 book co-written with Alan Sepinwall titled TV (The Book) named The Burning Bed as the 7th greatest American TV-movie of all time, writing that "The film was a landmark in terms of content, depicting domestic violence as an unambiguous horror and a human rights violation". Seitz also praised the performance of Fawcett as "one of the finest in the history of TV-movies".

References

External links

1984 crime drama films
1984 television films
1984 films
American crime drama films
American courtroom films
American docudrama films
1980s feminist films
Films about alcoholism
Films about arson
Films about domestic violence
Films based on non-fiction books
Films directed by Robert Greenwald
Films set in Michigan
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in the 1970s
Films shot in Texas
NBC network original films
Crime films based on actual events
Violence against women in the United States
1980s legal films
American feminist films
1980s American films

The Burning Bed


Bát Tràng porcelain and pottery is a type of ceramic made in the village of Bát Tràng, on the outskirts of Hanoi, Vietnam. The village is located in an area rich in clay suitable for making ceramic. Bát Tràng ceramics are considered some of the best known porcelain products in Vietnam besides those of Chu Đậu, Biên Hòa, Phù Lãng, Hương Canh, Lái Thiêu and Bầu Trúc. The history of ceramic making in this village can be traced back as far as the 14th century AD during the Ly-Tran dynasty period.

An associated museum is Bát Tràng Museum / Museum of Ceramic Art by Vũ Thắng.

References

Vietnamese pottery
Culture of Hanoi
Porcelain

Bát Tràng porcelain


In biology, a family is a taxonomic rank. Each family contains one or more genera. The next higher rank is that of order.

Usually, the name of the family ends with a "idae" for animals, and "aceae" for plants. Sometimes there are also subfamilies and superfamilies. Subfamilies end with "inae" or "oideae".

For example, walnuts (genus Juglans) and hickories (genus Carya) both belong to the walnut family (the Juglandaceae).

Life

Life is the most important concept in biology. The word itself refers to a living being or to its processes. It may mean the time a being is alive.

Domain
A domain is the highest taxonomic rank of all living organisms taken together. It was introduced in the three-domain system of taxonomy by Carl Woese, Otto Kandler and Mark Wheelis in 1990.

Kingdom
Kingdom is the highest level of classification, which is divided into subgroups at various levels. There are five kingdoms in which the living organisms are classified, namely, Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera.

Phylum
Phylum is the next level of classification and is more specific than the kingdom. There are 35 phyla in kingdom Animalia. For Example – Porifera, Chordata, Arthropoda, etc.

Class
Class was the most general rank in the taxonomic hierarchy until phyla were introduced. Kingdom Animalia includes 108 classes including class Mammalia, Reptilia, Aves, etc. However, the classes used today are different from those proposed by Linnaeus and are not used frequently. For example, when it was discovered that birds are descendants of earlier dinosaurs, that caused some difficulties. In fact they are now so different from the original dinosaurs that it makes sense to teach and refer to them separately from dinosaurs.

Order
Order is a more specific rank than class. The order constitutes one or more than one similar families. There are around 26 orders in class Mammalia such as Primates, Carnivora, etc.

Family
Family is a category of taxonomic hierarchy includes various genera that share a few similarities. For e.g., the families in the order Carnivora include Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, etc.

Genus
A genus is a group of similar species. Some genera have only one species and are known as monotypic, whereas others have more than one species and are known as polytypic. For example, lion and tiger are placed under the genus Panthera

Species
Species is the lowest level of taxonomic hierarchy. There are about 8.7 million different species on Earth. The word refers to a group of organisms that are similar in shape, form, reproductive features. Species can be further divided into sub-species.

Taxonomy

Family (biology)


Santiago de Surco, commonly known simply as Surco, is a district of Lima, Peru. It is bordered on the north with the district of Ate Vitarte and La Molina; on the east with San Juan de Miraflores, on the west with San Borja, Surquillo, Miraflores and Barranco, and on the south with Chorrillos.

Due to its relatively large area, it is a very heterogeneous district, having inhabitants belonging to all socio-economic levels.

The northern parts of Santiago de Surco, which are close to the districts of La Molina and San Borja, are known as Monterrico and Chacarilla, and considerably more developed than the southern side of the district, having more upper-class housing and all four major shopping centers of the district.

History

The Santiago de Surco area was already populated before Inca times. During the Viceroyalty of Peru, Surco became a vacation spot for the wealthy. Back in those times, Santiago de Surco comprised not only its current territory but also the area of present-day Barranco, Chorrillos, San Juan de Miraflores, Villa María del Triunfo and Villa El Salvador.

One of the biggest attractions of Surco is the old Church San Juan Grande, which is currently under reconstruction. In earlier years this church remained unwatched and with no care from the municipality of Surco and was inhabited by locals in poverty.

It is said that this old church was communicated to the Santiago Apostol Cathedral a few miles from there in old Surco by a sort of underground passages built by the Jesuits to be used in case of war or danger. What is a fact is the old skulls and little babies bones found by curious people who walked in the catacums.

This church was built by the Jesuit order in 1752, using adobe, canes, stones and wood only.
The Jesuit order was expelled in 1767 from all the Spanish territories due to disagreements with the Spanish monarch Carlos III and then after their properties were confiscated. Thus this place was abandoned.  Thereafter,  this land was sold in an auction.  As a matter of fact, this land was divided into two pieces; A large(grande) parcel and a small one. The church then took its name from the large parcel, which was "grande" in Spanish.

This house-property was used as a shelter for Cáceres' troops in times of war. While sheltering at one point, Caceres didn't know from where the Chilean troops, who had just arrived a few hours earlier in Conchan, could attack the city. So he used the help of a young boy.
There was an immense 300-year-old pine tree in the patio that divided the church from the house-property, and even though it fell in January 2001, it remains unbroken in the collective memory of Surco as a silent witness to what happened. Julio César Escobar, the young boy, became a hero at the age of 13 during the San Juan and Miraflores battle by giving his life for the sake of the country.
Julio climbed up to the top of the pine tree, to be a lookout and warn Caceres about the Chilean troops' approach. When Julio saw the Chileans, he was too high to climb down to warn about the Chilean troops' arrival. The Peruvian troops fled from the shooting that had begun and Julio was not able to escape. Unfortunately, the patriots were defeated, and the kid hero was shot dead near the immense tree. The church was then sacked and burned by the Chilean troops, who later converted it into a stable.

District creation

The old district of San José de Surco was created by Law 6644 on December 16, 1929 out of the Barranco District. And in 1944, Santiago de Surco district is renamed and get territories from the old Ate district.

The district of Santiago de Surco, at that time, bordered to the north, with the districts of La Victoria and Ate. To the east, with the district of Pachacámac. To the south, with the district of Lurín. To the southwest, with the district of Chorrillos. To the west, with the district of Barranco. And to the northwest, with the district of Miraflores. Likewise, at that time, it covered the jurisdiction of the current districts of Villa El Salvador, Villa María del Triunfo, San Juan de Miraflores, and part of San Borja.

Territorial cut

In the decade of the 40's and 50's, the eastern and southern areas of the district began to become overpopulated and suffer from a massive invasion, such as: "La Barriada de Ciudad de Dios" and the "Sociedad El Triunfo de la Restauración". Therefore, in the 1960s, Santiago de Surco began to suffer from a massive territorial cut. First, thanks to the founding of the district of Villa María del Triunfo, whose new district ended up also covering what would currently be Villa El Salvador. Later, in 1965, Santiago de Surco suffered another large cut, after the founding of the San Juan de Miraflores district, due to the settlement of the Pamplona Alta hill. Later, in 1983, the district got its last big cut, thanks to the founding of the San Borja district.

Urban distribution
Surco, as it is commonly known, obtained the title of "garden district" four times in the management of Carlos Dargent. In its jurisdiction, families of high socioeconomic level largely reside (Monterrico and surrounding areas); while in the southern area there are homes from different socioeconomic strata, including: upper middle, middle and lower middle. The district covers the urbanizations of Valle Hermoso, Monterrico, Las Casuarinas, La Castellana, Los Álamos, La Floresta de Monterrico, Cerros de Camacho, Pancho Fierro, Santa Constanza, Chacarilla del Estanque, Higuereta, Neptuno, Tambo de Monterrico, El Dorado, Chama, Alborada, Liguria, Las Gardenias, Santa Teresa, Bella Luz, Vista Alegre, San Ignacio de Monterrico, Prolongación Benavides, Monterrico Sur, Los Rosales, La Capullana, Los Precursores, La Cruceta, Los Próceres, Santo Cristo, La Virreyna, San Roque, La Ensenada, San Pedrito, Sagitario, Surco Viejo or Surco Pueblo, Jorge Chávez, Santa María, Cercado de Surco, Los Parrales and Camino Real. In areas where per capita income is high, such as in Las Casuarinas, access is restricted. The price of a home in such an urbanization is usually very high. However, there are areas of this same socioeconomic level such as Chacarilla or other parts of Monterrico, where access is free. Santiago de Surco is characterized by being a large district with a large amount of green areas, being behind the San Borja district.

Due to the fame that the district has, some urbanizations belonging to the district of Chorrillos, such as the areas of La Encantada and Las Brisas de Villa, have expressed their desire to be administered by Santiago de Surco in June 2013. Despite the existence of Peruvian law, which establishes that every district must have territorial continuity, a factor that does not apply there. All this, due to the inattention on the part of the district of Chorrillos, to such urbanizations.

In the southern part of the district, divided by Tomás Marsano Avenue, there is a coexistence of different socioeconomic strata. Its population belongs to both the medium-high socioeconomic level: urbanizations of Los Próceres, Los Precursores, Sagitario, La Campiña, Viñedos de Surco, etc; as well as, at the average socioeconomic level: urbanizations of Rodrigo Franco and Surco Viejo. Likewise, there are areas inhabited by families of the lower-middle socioeconomic level, where the highest crime rate in the entire district is found: human settlements of Viva el Perú, San Gabino, Parque Alto, Parque Bajo, Tejada Alta, Manuel Medina Paredes and Señor of Miracles.

It is estimated that in Santiago de Surco, given its large size, there are around 60 small human settlements, located near its limits with the districts of San Juan de Miraflores, Chorrillos and Barranco. As in the districts of La Molina and San Borja, the homes in these human settlements and popular urbanizations are self-built. In human settlements such as Señor de los Milagros, Viva El Perú and Diente de Oro there are precarious construction homes. These are inhabitants who can be considered vulnerable people. Even so, a large part of these areas have basic public services.

Administratively, the district is divided into 9 sectors. It has a very varied climate and landscape. Due to its location, it can be considered part of Lima Sur; However, due to legal situations, Santiago de Surco is part of the Lima Center area.

Culture, education and entertainment
Some of the most exclusive and prestigious universities of Lima are located in Surco, including University of Lima, ESAN University, Universidad Ricardo Palma, and Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Other prestigious high-school institutions such as Markham College, Colegio Santa Margarita, Colegio Santa María Marianistas, Colegio de la Inmaculada and Colegio Cambridge are also located within the district.

Many of Lima's largest shopping centers are also located in the district, including "Jockey Plaza Shopping Center", "Caminos del Inca", "Chacarilla" and "El Polo". Santiago de Surco has won five awards for having some of the best-kept green areas in Lima.

La Vendimia (grapevine): The Viticulture Association and the Municipality of Santiago de Surco sponsor this showcase for regional crafts, cuisine and wine processes within the framework of the "Vineyard Harvest of Surco." The craft of wine preparation is demonstrated through macerating grapes by the traditional method of treading by foot. Grape fermentation and aging processes are also shown. A Reina de la Vendimia (Queen of the Harvest) is chosen and local performers stage their talents. This seasonal festival takes place from March 17 to 26, annually and it is one of the most traditionalist festivities. It is celebrated in downtown Surco. The first Vendimia was started by Engineer Pedro Venturo Zapata, owner and operator of "Hacienda Higuereta y Anexos - Negociacion Vinicola Pedro Venturo S.A." (1925-1952)

Transport
Several of Lima's most important avenues pass through Santiago de Surco, including the South Cone avenues, which connect the district with downtown Lima, Cono Sur districts, San Isidro (Lima's financial district), and Miraflores. Three stations of Line 1 of the Lima Metro (Jorge Chavez, Ayacucho and Cabitos) are located in the district.

Education

The Humboldt II campus of the Deutsche Schule Lima Alexander von Humboldt (Colegio Peruano Alemán Alexander von Humboldt), a German international school, is located in Surco.

The Asociación Academia de Cultura Japonesa, and the Japanese international school are in Surco.

Sister cities
List of sister cities, designated by Sister Cities International:
 Gastonia, North Carolina, United States
 Providencia, RM, Chile

References

External links
  Municipalidad Distrital de Santiago de Surco - Santiago de Surco district council official website

Districts of Lima

Santiago de Surco


Zhao Yan (, born 14 March 1962) is a Chinese researcher employed by the Beijing bureau of The New York Times. He was imprisoned for a three-year period starting 17 September 2004, on charges of fraud, after originally being arrested for revealing state secrets. According to the BBC, he was released on 15 September 2007.

The accusation that he disclosed state secrets is related to an article in The NY Times on 7 September 2004, that correctly predicted the retirement of Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and paramount leader. Jiang retired on 19 September of that year. The NY Times had said that Zhao did not provide that information.

On 17 June 2006, Zhao was tried in a closed-door session in Beijing. He was found guilty of fraud but not of revealing state secrets. Zhao was sentenced to three years' jail on 24 August 2006; at that time, he had already served almost two years of his sentence. He is the first person to be charged with, but acquitted of revealing state secrets in China.

Before joining The New York Times, Zhao was a well-known investigative journalist who reported on farmers' rights issues for the Beijing-based Zhongguo Gaige 中国改革 (China Reform) magazine.  He had written extensively on the plight of some 20,000 peasants who had been relocated in the 1990s to make way for the Taolinkou reservoir in Hebei Province (see Tangshan protest). He was sacked by China Reform after more than 11,000 farmers submitted a petition to the National People's Congress.

References

External links
Zhao Yan collected news and commentary at China Digital Times

 "China Ex-President May Be Set to Yield Last Powerful Post", Abstract of the 7 September 2004 NY Times article
 Prisoner Profile: Zhao Yan (2004)
 Zhao Yan Tried Behind Closed Doors – IFEX
 "Chinese court jails NYT researcher for 3 years" , Channel News Asia, 25 August 2006

People's Republic of China journalists
1962 births
Living people
Writers from Harbin

Zhao Yan (journalist)


Cow Springs Ranch is a locale, located in Luna County, New Mexico.  The ranch headquarters is located at Cow Springs, originally Ojo de Vaca.

History
Ojo de Vaca was a watering place on the old trail between Janos, Chihuahua, Mexico to the Santa Rita copper mines.  When Cooke's Mormon Battalion was searching for a wagon route between the Rio Grande and California, they intercepted the old Mexican road at this spring. From there they followed a course southwestward to Guadalupe Pass and the Janos - Fronteras Road they followed west to the San Pedro River, following it northward before turning west to Mescal Spring and Tucson, pioneering the route known as Cooke's Wagon Road.  By 1849, Cooke's road became the major southern route of the forty-niners during the California Gold Rush and Ojo de Vaca spring was one of the reliable watering places on what became the Southern Emigrant Trail.  Later Ojo de Vaca was a watering place on the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line.  Subsequently, the Butterfield Overland Mail built Ojo de Vaca Station as a stagecoach station at Ojo de Vaca, in New Mexico Territory.  It was located 14 miles northeast of Soldiers Farewell Station and 16 miles southwest of Miembre's River Station, later Mowry City, New Mexico.  It remained an important stop on this route until the long distance stagecoach lines ended in the late 19th century.

References

History of Luna County, New Mexico
Geography of Luna County, New Mexico
Springs of New Mexico
Cooke's Wagon Road
San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line
Butterfield Overland Mail in New Mexico Territory
Stagecoach stops in the United States
American frontier
Bodies of water of Luna County, New Mexico

Cow Springs Ranch


Bergh Apton Anglo-Saxon cemetery is a late-5th to late-6th century Anglo-Saxon burial site discovered at Bergh Apton, Norfolk. The site was excavated in 1973 and 63 graves were found. The south and west portions of the site had previously been destroyed. The state of preservation of the skeletal remains was described as "very poor" due to the acidity of the soil and the sex of individuals was determined by grave goods. Grave goods found at the site included weapons, shields, spears and jewellery. One grave, possibly of a minstrel-poet, was found to contain a lyre similar to that found at Sutton Hoo. Twelve of the graves were those of children aged under 12 years. No evidence for an Anglo-Saxon settlement adjacent to the cemetery has been found.

The artefacts are currently held by Norwich Castle Museum.

See also
 Burial in Early Anglo-Saxon England
 List of Anglo-Saxon cemeteries

References

Anglo-Saxon burial practices
Anglo-Saxon sites in England
Archaeology of the kingdom of East Anglia
Archaeological sites in Norfolk
History of Norfolk

Cemeteries in Norfolk

Bergh Apton Anglo-Saxon cemetery


Goodhue Township ( ) is a township in Goodhue County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 530 at the 2000 census.

History
Goodhue Township was organized in 1859.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 530 people, 173 households, and 142 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 177 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 98.11% White, 0.75% Asian, 0.94% from other races, and 0.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.13% of the population.

There were 173 households, out of which 39.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.1% were married couples living together, 2.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.9% were non-families. 12.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.37.

In the township the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $49,500, and the median income for a family was $50,625. Males had a median income of $31,172 versus $20,962 for females. The per capita income for the township was $19,786.  About 2.9% of families and 2.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.1% of those under age 18 and 8.2% of those age 65 or over.

References

Townships in Goodhue County, Minnesota
Townships in Minnesota

Goodhue Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota


A. P. W. Kennan House is a historic home located at Huntington Bay in Suffolk County, New York. It was built about 1900 and is a large, -story, "L"-shaped, shingled, hip-roofed dwelling. It features a gable-roofed pavilion on the east side and a massive second floor Palladian window. It is representative of the Colonial Revival style. Also on the property is the building containing the original garage / servant's quarters.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Colonial Revival architecture in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1900
Houses in Suffolk County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Suffolk County, New York
1900 establishments in New York (state)

A. P. W. Kennan House


Palestine is a region in the Middle East. It is in the Levant, between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Many cultures have lived in Palestine through history and built their civilizations, such as the Philistines, Phoenicians and Arabs. It is also called the Holy Land. It is where Judaism and Christianity began.

Today, the region is divided into two states: Israel and the State of Palestine. The territories in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip have been disputed between Israel and Palestine. Many cities in the region are sacred to Abrahamic religions: Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and Hebron are among the most important. Now Palestine only owns a quarter of the country.

In English it is sometimes written as Philistine. The Philistines were a people who invaded the area. The Arabs came to Palestine much later.

State of Palestine

The State of Palestine, also known simply as Palestine, is a de jure sovereign state in the Middle East with Jerusalem as its capital. It is recognized by 141 UN members. Since 2012 it has non-member observer state in the United Nations. This amounts to a de facto, or implicit, recognition of statehood.

The State of Palestine claims the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as its territory. Its independence was declared on 15 November 1988.

History

Ancient times
The first people to migrate to the land of Palestine were Canaanites, who came from north of Arabia and normally spoke Arabic. They have also adopted the idea of alphabets from those who lived in the current Lebanon. This migration occurred ca. 5000 b.c. After 3000 years came Israelites who are the sons of Jackob, son of Abraham.
Israelites ruled over the region of today's Palestine, which at the time was in an area known as Southern Canaan or the Land of Palestine. The area went from Tyre in the north to Beersheba in the south. After the death of King Solomon, the land was split into a Northern Kingdom known as Samaria and Southern Kingdom known as Judea. The Northern Kingdom was conquered by Assyrian King Sennacherib, expelling most of its Israelite residents. Ava was conquered by the Babylonians more than 100 years later, and much of its Jewish population was expelled as well. However, despite the destruction, some Jews and Samaritans remained in the land. After Persian takeover of the Babylonian Empire, then Jakereturned to Judea and slowly rebuilt their civilization. The area remained under direct Persian rule for 200 years more, with Jews having a limited autonomy. Now most Palestinians go to different countries like Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.

Macedonian period
With conquests of Alexander the Great of Macedon, the area became dominated by Hellenistic rulers - first Alexander himself, later Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt and finally Seleucids. In second century before common era, the Jewish population of the area revolted against Seleucids and founded an independent Hesmonean kingdom. The Jewish kingdom expanded over the region in the next decades, conquering neighbouring Samaritans, Edomeans and Nabateans. Slowly however, the region became dominated by the Roman Empire.

Roman period
After a semi-independent rule of King Herod, Judea was turned into a Roman Province. Jews violently revolted against the Romans twice, but the Romans reconquered the whole area and finally renamed it Syria-Palaestina after one of Judea's ancient enemies, the Philistines. After two centuries, the Eastern Roman Empire became known as Byzantium, which became a Christian Empire. Byzantium kept its rule over the country, with Palaestina Prima and Palaestina Secunda districts of the Oriens Province with majorly Byzantine Christian population and big groups of Samaritans, Jews, Greek Byzantines and Christian Arabs.

Middle Ages and Ottomans

Over the next centuries, the region was briefly conquered by Persians, became part of Arab Muslim Empire, the Crusader kingdom, the Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire. During World War 1, General Allenby attacked the Turkish army in the valley of Megiddo ( Identified as Armageddon in the Bible), from 19 to 25 September 1918. Today Jordan comprises 81% and Israel 19% of Palestine Mandate. Trans-Jordan was established on 25 May 1946, with the intention of Israel being the remaining 19% . Mandate Palestine is divided into Trans- Jordan/Jordan (81%) and Israel (19%), as today the Jordanian capture of East Jerusalem and West Bank has been reversed. The Gaza strip was captured by Israel from Egypt in 1967, and Israel withdrew from Gaza in 2005.The region is often named Holy Land, and is sacred for Christians, Jews and Muslims who recognize the Ten Commandments.

Images

References

Middle East

Palestine (region)


Charles Jared Lobdell (29 November 1937 – 22 March 2019) was an American author and one of the first Tolkien scholars. He is best known for some thirty academic books on American history and the Inklings including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Charles Williams.

Biography

Jared Lobdell was born to Charles and Jane Elizabeth (Hopkins) Lobdell in New York. He was educated at Yale University. He wrote many books on aspects of American history, and on each of the three major Inklings, the Oxford literary society centred on C. S. Lewis that included J. R. R. Tolkien and Charles Williams. He died at Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania.

Tolkien scholarship

Lobdell's 1975 edited collection, A Tolkien Compass, was one of the first books of Tolkien scholarship to be published. at a time when "in the United Kingdom at least, professing an interest in Tolkien was almost certain death for any hopeful candidate seeking entrance to a department of English". Shippey described the essays as written in the "Age of Innocence" before Tolkien studies became professionalised, and as such offering "freshness, candor, and a sense of historical depth" that cannot be repeated. He noted that some of the early predictions were wrong – for instance, Tolkien had not written much of The Lord of the Rings before the Second World War – but many others have been substantiated, such as Richard C. West's account of Tolkien's use of medieval-style interlacing as a narrative structure.

Works

Books

Lobdell wrote some 30 non-fiction books, including:

 A Tolkien Compass (editor) (Open Court, 1975)
 England and Always: Tolkien's World of the Rings (Eerdmans, 1981)
 The Detective Fiction Reviews of Charles Williams, 1930-1935 (McFarland, 2003)
 The World of the Rings: Language, Religion, and Adventure in Tolkien (Open Court, 2004) — an expansion of England and Always
 The Scientifiction Novels of C. S. Lewis: Space and Time in the Ransom Stories (McFarland, 2004)
 The Rise of Tolkienian Fantasy (Open Court, 2005)
 Eight Children in Narnia: The Making of a Children's Story (Open Court, 2016)

Encyclopedia entries

Lobdell wrote 23 of the essays in the 2006 J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment.

Articles

Among Lobdell's many scholarly articles are:

 "Words That Sound like Castles" (Rally, August, 1966)
 "A Medieval Proverb in The Lord of the Rings" (American Notes and Queries Supplement I, 1978)
 "Mr. Bliss: Notes on the Manuscript and Story" (Selections from the Marquette J.R.R. Tolkien Collection, 1987)
 "C.S. Lewis's Ransom Stories and Their Eighteenth-Century Ancestry" (Word and Story in C.S. Lewis, 1991)
 "Ymagynatyf and J.R.R. Tolkien's Roman Catholicism, Catholic Theology, Religion in The Lord of the Rings" (Light Beyond All Shadow: Religious Experience in Tolkien's Work, 2011)
 "Humour, Comedy, the Comic, Comicality, Puns, Wordplay, 'Fantastication', and 'English Humour' in and around Tolkien and His Work, and among the Inklings" (Laughter in Middle-earth, 2016)

References

1937 births
2019 deaths
Tolkien studies
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers

Jared Lobdell