The K-300P Bastion-P (NATO reporting name SS-C-5 Stooge) is a Russian mobile coastal defence missile system. The system was developed together with the Belarusian company Tekhnosoyuzproekt.

Design
The main role of the Bastion-P is to engage surface ships including carrier battle groups, convoys, and landing craft.  A typical battery is composed of 1-2 command and control vehicles based on the Kamaz 43101 6×6 truck, one support vehicle, four launcher vehicles based on the MZKT-7930 8×8 chassis each operated by a 3-man crew and holding two missiles, and four loader vehicles; launcher vehicles can be located up to  away from the C2 vehicles.  Upon halting, missiles can be readied for firing within five minutes, and both fired in 2-5 second intervals.  The mobile launcher can remain on active standby over a period of 3–5 days, or up to 30 days when accompanied by a combat duty support vehicle.

The missile used by the Bastion-P is the P-800 Oniks, a supersonic anti-ship missile with a  warhead.  They are fired vertically from the launchers using a solid-fuel rocket booster for initial acceleration, then use a liquid-fuel ramjet for sustained cruising at Mach 2.5.  The Oniks/Yakhont's maximum range varies at  using a low-low or hi-low flight trajectory respectively. Using GLONASS at the initial flight stage and active radar guidance when approaching a target, the missile can fly to an altitude of  before descending to sea-skimming altitude of 5 m at the final stage, useful up to sea state 7.

The Predel-E over-the-horizon radar system was designed to support the Bastion missile system.

Operational history
On 2 March 2011, it was reported that Russia would be deploying the system on the Kuril Islands in the Far East. The deployment was finally conducted in 2016.

On 15 March 2015, it was reported that Russia had deployed the system in Crimea. Silo-based missile complex was deployed on Object 100 in 2020.

In 2015, Russian Northern Fleet Commander Adm. Vladimir Korolev said that Russia's Northern Fleet's Coastal Forces would receive new Bastion anti-ship missile complexes to support already existing S-400 deployments.

On 15 November 2016, Russia announced it had deployed K-300P Bastion-P systems to Syria, where it fired Oniks missiles at land targets as part of the Russian military intervention in Syria, demonstrating a previously undisclosed land attack capability for the coastal defense system; the P-800 uses a combination of autopilot, INS, and a radio altimeter for mid-course guidance and a monopulse dual-mode active/passive seeker for terminal guidance.  Modified software in the Bastion's guidance system enables the missiles to dive onto stationary land targets, striking programmed coordinates.

In 2021, Matua island in the Kuril Islands now hosts a battery. In 2022, Paramushir island in the Kuril  Islands hosted an additional battery.

The Bastion has been the primary launch platform of the Oniks missile strikes during the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022 and 2023. These are primarily used to strike cities along the Northern Black Sea coast.

Variants
 K-300P - TEL variant, LACM or AShM, used mainly in coastal missile forces.
 K-300S - silo based version, probably one of the roles will be in coastal missile forces.
 Bastion E - another coastal variant.

Operators

 and coastal missile forces have 40 such systems

 Vietnam People's Navy - bought at least two systems in early 2011. Commissioned by the coastal missile & artillery forces
 - bought four systems in 2011

See also
3K60 Bal
A-222 Bereg

References

External links
 "Bastion" launch. Video.

Anti-ship cruise missiles of Russia
NPO Mashinostroyeniya products
Post–Cold War weapons of Russia
Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s
Military equipment introduced in the 2010s

K-300P Bastion-P


Howard Charles Petersen (May 7, 1910 – December 28, 1995) was an American government official and banker. He was the United States Assistant Secretary of War from 1945 to 1947.

Education and early career
Petersen was born in East Chicago, Indiana. He graduated from DePauw University in 1930 and the University of Michigan Law School in 1933. From 1933 to 1941, Petersen was an associate in the New York law firm Cravath, deGersdorff, Swaine & Wood (the predecessor firm to Cravath, Swaine & Moore).

While at the Cravath firm, Petersen was introduced to Grenville Clark, through which connection he came to be a principal drafter of the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940. In 1944 Petersen served as Executive Assistant to the Undersecretary of War.  In December 1945, Petersen was appointed the Assistant Secretary of War by President Harry S. Truman, a position he held until August 1947. He was the last person to hold that title, since the Department of War became part of the new Department of Defense in 1947.

He worked on the economic recovery of occupied Germany and the Western Allies and supervised U.S. military occupational activities in Germany, Japan, Korea, Austria, and Italy. One of his significant contributions was to help prevent famine in Europe by laying the groundwork for the Marshall Plan.

After World War II
Petersen joined Fidelity-Philadelphia Trust Company in 1947 as executive vice president and went on to serve as the bank's president (1950–66), CEO (1966–75) and chairman (1966–78).

Meanwhile, from 1961–63, Petersen served as Special Assistant to President John F. Kennedy for International Trade Policy, in which he managed Kennedy's controversial campaign for a new foreign trade policy. His main task was to assist with the passage of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, and he also negotiated the conclusion of the 1960-62 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations with the European Economic Community.

Other activities
In addition, Petersen served as a Director of the Panama Canal Corporation, and a trustee of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Petersen was chairman of the boards of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the University of Pennsylvania Museum, and the Marshall Foundation, and chairman and advisory committee member of Export-Import Bank. He was also a member of the Century Association, the American Philosophical Society, and the Council on Foreign Relations.

Personal life
In 1936, Petersen married Elizabeth Anna Watts of Princeton, Indiana, with whom he had two children: Elizabeth Anna and Howard Jr. Elizabeth married then-Harvard instructor Herbert Spiro in June 1958. Petersen was survived by his daughter and two grandchildren, Peter Spiro and Alexander Spiro.

Notes

External links
 Howard C. Petersen Files, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library
Howard C. Petersen Papers at Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University

People from East Chicago, Indiana
DePauw University alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
1910 births
1995 deaths
Place of death missing
20th-century American lawyers
United States Assistant Secretaries of War
Cravath, Swaine & Moore associates

Howard C. Petersen


Andrew Michael French is an English-born abstract sculptor. A one-time pupil of Peter Hide, French is best known for upright, large-scale welded sculptures made of brightly painted steel. With sculptors Mark Bellows, Bianca Khan, Rob Willms, and Ryan McCourt, Andrew French is identified as part of the "Next Generation" of Edmonton Sculpture.

Educated at Newbury College (England), and Kent Institute of Art & Design with a BFA in Sculpture, French completed his Master of Fine Arts at the University of Alberta in 1999.
French's 1999 sculpture "Pillar" is located on the University of Alberta campus, his sculpture "Still Life" is in the collection of the CIty of Edmonton, installed in Belgravia Art Park and his small soldered brass piece "The Abduction of St. Paul" is in the collection of the Alberta Foundation for the Arts.

Andrew French is a co-founder of the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop. His sculptures have been seen in a number of important exhibitions in Edmonton, including the Chichester Festival, Big Things, the Edmonton Contemporary Artists' Society, and the Alberta Centennial Sculpture Exhibition at the Royal Alberta Museum, and Sculpture by Invitation at the Shaw Conference Centre.

References

Living people
20th-century British sculptors
21st-century English sculptors
English emigrants to Canada
English sculptors
English male sculptors
British metalsmiths
Assemblage artists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Andrew French (sculptor)


The Second Chōshū expedition (Japanese: 第二次長州征討), also called the Summer War, was a punitive expedition led by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Chōshū Domain. It followed the First Chōshū expedition of 1864.

Background
The Second Chōshū expedition was announced on 6 March 1865. The operation started on 7 June 1866 with the bombardment of Suō-Ōshima in Yamaguchi Prefecture by the Navy of the Bakufu.

The expedition ended in military disaster for the shogunate troops, as Chōshū forces were modernized and organised effectively. By contrast, the shogunate army was composed of antiquated feudal forces from the Bakufu and numerous neighboring domains, with only small elements of modernised units. Many domains put up only half-hearted efforts, and several outright refused shogunate orders to attack, notably Satsuma who had by this point entered into an alliance with Chōshū.

Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the new shōgun, managed to negotiate a ceasefire after the death of the previous shōgun, but the defeat fatally weakened the shogunate's prestige. Tokugawa military prowess was revealed to be a paper tiger, and it became apparent that the shogunate could no longer impose its will upon the domains. The disastrous campaign is often seen to have sealed the fate of the Tokugawa shogunate.

The defeat stimulated the Bakufu to make numerous reforms to modernize its administration and army. Yoshinobu's younger brother Ashitake was sent to the 1867 Paris Exposition, Western dress replaced Japanese dress at the shogunal court, and collaboration with the French was reinforced leading to the 1867 French military mission to Japan.

Gallery

See also

 First Chōshū expedition
 Bakumatsu

Notes

References
 Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ;  OCLC 44090600
 Totman, Conrad. (1980). The Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1862–1868. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. OCLC 5495030

Conflicts in 1866
Wars involving Japan
Punitive expeditions of Japan
June 1866 events
1866 in Japan

Second Chōshū expedition


Vector most often refers to:
Euclidean vector, a quantity with a magnitude and a direction
Disease vector, an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism

Vector may also refer to:

Mathematics and physics
Vector (mathematics and physics)
Row and column vectors, single row or column matrices
Vector space
Vector field, a vector for each point

Molecular biology
Vector (molecular biology), a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell
Cloning vector, a small piece of DNA into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes
Shuttle vector, a plasmid constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species
Viral vector, a tool commonly used by molecular biologists to deliver genetic materials into cells

Computer science
Vector, a one-dimensional array data structure
Distance-vector routing protocol, a class of routing protocols
Dope vector, a data structure used to store information about an array
Feature vector, an n-dimensional vector of numerical features that represent some object
Interrupt vector, the location in memory of an interrupt handling routine
Initialization vector, a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive
Vector clock, an algorithm
Vector space model,  an algebraic model for representing text documents
Vector (C++), a type in the C++ Standard Template Library
Euclidean vector, a geometric object with a direction and magnitude
Vector graphics, images defined by geometric primitives as opposed to bitmaps
Vector monitor, a display device used for early computers
Vector game, any video game that uses a vector graphics display
Vector (malware), approach used, or vulnerability exploited, in attacking a computer system

Transportation

Vehicles

Aircraft
Aerodyne Systems Vector, an ultralight aircraft
Hall Vector 1, a glider
A brand of reconnaissance drone produced by Quantum-Systems

Nautical vessels
, a Philippine tanker ship
, a 1967 hydrographic survey vessel in the Canadian Coast Guard

Automotive vehicles
Pinzgauer High-Mobility All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) (Vector), a military patrol vehicle
VECTOR, a Dutch light utility vehicle
Vector, a variant of the Saab 9-3 automobile
Vector Motors sports cars
Vector M12
Vector W2
Vector W8
Vector WX-3
Vector SRV8

Other transportation
Thrust vectoring, directing aircraft jet thrust

Entertainment

Characters and fictional elements
Vector (Battle Angel Alita)
Vector (comics), Marvel Comics
Vector (G.I. Joe), vehicle
Vector the Crocodile, in the Sonic the Hedgehog series
Septima Vector, a Hogwarts professor in the Harry Potter universe
Vector, a Barian Emperor from Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal
Vector class in Wipeout games
Victor "Vector" Perkins in Despicable Me (film), 2010
Vector, in the game Resident Evil: Operation Raccoon City
Vector, a weapon in the series Elfen Lied
Vector, a location in the video game Final Fantasy VI
Vector Industries, an organization in the Xenosaga video game series

Games
Vector (game), 1970 board game
Vector (video game), 2012 video game
Vectorman, 1995, for Sega

Music
Vector (band), 1980s
Vector (Haken album), 2018
Vector (rapper) (b. 1983), Nigerian
Martin Wheeler, aka Vector Lovers

Other entertainment
Vector, an entertainment robot by the company Anki

Literature
Vector (magazine), the critical journal of the British Science Fiction Association
Vectors (journal), a defunct online journal covering digital humanities
The Vector (newspaper), a student-run newspaper of the New Jersey Institute of Technology
Vector (novel), a 1999 novel by Robin Cook
Vector Prime, a 1999 Star Wars novel written by R. A. Salvatore
Vector 13, a comic strip in the 2000 AD anthology

Business
Vector Informatik, a software tool and components provider for development of embedded electronics
Vector Engineering, multinational engineering, procurement, construction management, and operations service provider
Vector Graphic, an early manufacturer of 8-bit microcomputers
Vector Group, a publicly traded holding company, focusing on tobacco and real estate
Vector Limited, a New Zealand gas and electricity supplier
Vector Marketing, a multi-level knife marketing company
Vector Motors, an automobile manufacturer
Vector Launch, an American space technology company, 2016–2019
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, a biological research center in Russia

Other uses
Interval vector in musical set theory
KRISS Vector, a .45 ACP submachine gun
Light verb, or vector verb, in grammar
Parker Vector, pens
Vector Arena, Auckland, New Zealand
Vector Map, a collection of Earth GIS data
Vector 2022, a Wikipedia skin

See also

Vectra (disambiguation)
Vectorization (disambiguation)
Vector graphics (disambiguation)
Vektor (disambiguation)

Vector


Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar (International title: Saloni) is a Hindi television serial that was broadcast on Zee TV from 17 October 2005 to 28 May 2009. The story focuses on Saloni, who faces social discrimination because of her dark skin. The series starred Rajshree Thakur and Sharad Kelkar.

Plot
The story revolves around the life of Saloni, who despite being dark-skinned, sets out to prove that it doesn't matter what skin colour you might be. She marries Nahar and begins her journey fulfilling the seven rounds she took at her marriage. Saloni faces many problems, particularly, discrimination for her skin colour.

However she is talented and sets out on a journey, to create an identity for herself. She faces many enemies such as Kaveri, Karan, Kuki Kaki, Padam, Chandni / Devika, Urvashi, Abhi, Varun and more. The series is titled Saat Phere in the context of seven rounds a couple takes at their wedding. This is Saloni's journey and after generation leap, her daughter Savri also faces many obstacles, in the end Saloni is reunited with her family and her daughters get married.

Cast

 Rajshree Thakur as Saloni Singh – Narpat and Ambika's elder daughter; Shubhra and Samar's sister; Kalika's half-sister; Nahar's widow; Savri's mother; Shweta's adoptive mother,  (2005-2009)
 Sharad Kelkar as
 Nahar Singh – Abhay's younger son; Bhabho's adopted son; Brijesh, Aditi and Piya's brother; Saloni's husband; Savri's father; Shweta's adoptive father (2005-2008) (Dead)
 Swami Amrit – Nahar's lookalike; Gurumaa's son; Saloni's friend; Savri and Shweta's foster father (2008-2009)
 Raqesh Bapat as Neel / Neerav – Saloni's childhood friend and ex-lover; Shubhra's ex-husband; Nishi's husband (2005-2008)
 Mohan Bhandari as Narpat Singh – Narendra's brother; Ambika's husband; Shyama's ex-lover; Saloni, Shubhra, Samar and Kalika's father (2005-2009)
 Pratichi Mishra as Ambika Singh – Saloni, Shubhra and Samar's mother (2005-2009)
 Prithvi Zutshi as Narendra Singh – Narpat's brother; Manno's husband; Abhi's father (2006-2007)
 Neena Gupta as Manorama "Manno" Singh – Narendra's wife; Abhi's mother  (2005-2009)
 Poonam Gulati as Shubhra Singh – Narpat and Ambika's younger daughter; Saloni and Samar's sister; Kalika's half-sister; Neel's ex-wife; Kunjan's wife (2005-2008)
 Chetanya Adib as Kunjan Singh – Shubhra's husband (2005-2008)
 Anand Suryavanshi / Mazher Sayed as Samar Singh – Narpat and Ambika's son; Saloni and Shubhra's brother; Kalika's half-brother; Kaveri's husband; Kamini's father; Nikita's adoptive father (2005-2009)
 Aanchal Dwiwedi as Kaveri Chaudhary Singh – Samar's wife; Kamini's mother; Nikita's adoptive mother (2005-2009)
 Surekha Sikri as Mrs. Singh aka Bhabho – Abhay's wife; Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's adoptive mother; Aditya, Ishaan, Savri and Shweta's adoptive grandmother (2005-2009)
 Bharat Kaul as Abhay Singh – Bhabho's husband; Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's father; Aditya, Ishaan and Savri's grandfather; Shweta's adoptive grandfather (2007)
 Ahmed Khan as Mr. Singh – Abhay's father; Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's grandfather (2007)
 Akshay Anand as Brijesh Singh – Abhay's elder son; Bhabho's adopted son; Aditi, Nahar and Piya's brother; Urvashi's ex-husband; Tara's husband; Aditya's father (2005-2009)
 Ashlesha Sawant as Tara Singh – Maasa's step-daughter; Urvashi's step-sister; Brijesh's second wife; Aditya's adoptive mother (2005-2009)
 Nivedita Bhattacharya as Urvashi Singh – Maasa's daughter; Tara's step-sister; Brijesh's ex-wife; Veer's wife; Aditya's mother (2006-2009)
 Aditi Pratap as Aditi Singh – Abhay's elder daughter; Bhabho's adopted daughter; Brijesh, Nahar and Piya's sister; Dheer's wife; Ishaan's mother (2005-2007)
 Ashish Kapoor as Dheer – Aditi's husband; Ishaan's father (2005-2009)
 Amrita Prakash as Piya Singh – Abhay's younger daughter; Bhabho's adopted daughter; Brijesh, Aditi and Nahar's sister; Shridhar's ex-wife; Shekhar's wife (2005-2006)
 Amit Dolawat as Shridhar – Piya's ex-husband (2007)
 Sachin Shroff as Shekhar Sharma / Fake Abhi – Manno and Narendra's fake son; Piya's second husband (2007)
 Rachana Parulkar as Savri Singh – Saloni and Nahar's daughter; Amrit's foster daughter; Shweta's adopted sister; Aditya, Ishaan and Kamini's cousin; Nikita's adopted cousin; Daksh's wife (2009)
 Ulka Gupta as Child Savri Singh (2009)
 Amrapali Dubey as Shweta Singh – Saloni and Nahar's adopted daughter; Amrit's foster daughter; Savri's adopted sister; Aditya, Ishaan, Kamini and Nikita's adopted cousin; Aman's ex-fiancée; Rajveer's wife (2009)
 Hiba Nawab as Child Shweta Singh (2009)
 Ali Merchant as Rajveer – Shweta's husband (2009)
 Puneet Sachdev as Aman – Shweta's ex-fiancé (2009)
 Aham Sharma as Aditya Singh – Brijesh and Urvashi's son; Tara's adopted son; Ishaan and Savri's cousin; Shweta's adopted cousin (2009)
 Shalini Kapoor as Madhu (2009)
 Gaurav Vaish as Ishaan – Dheer and Aditi's son; Aditya and Savri's cousin; Shweta's adopted cousin (2005-2009)
 Keerti Gaekwad Kelkar as
 Chandni Singh, Padam Singh's daughter /
 Devika Nahar Singh, Nahar's ex-wife (2006-2007)
 Sachin Sharma as Dev, Chandni's husband (2007)
 Meenakshi Verma as Padma Gajpratap Singh - Shubhra's mother-in-law, Kunjan's mother (2005-2008)
 Tej Sapru as Gajpratap Singh - Shubhra's father-in-law, Kunjan's father (2007-2008)
 Apara Mehta as Kuki Veer Singh - Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's aunt, Veer's ex-wife, Kshitij's mother (2006-2008) Antagonist
 Sadiya Siddiqui as Gayatri Singh - Saloni's paternal aunt, Dhananjay's wife (2005-2007)
 Sachin Khurana as Dhananjay - Gayatri's husband (2005-2007)
 Nattasha Singh as Juhi (2006)
 Shaleen Bhanot as Karan - Shubhra's boyfriend (2005-2006) Antagonist
 Farida Dadi as Maa Sa, Tara's stepmother, Urvashi's mother (2006-2008)
 Akshay Sethi as Yug (2006-2007)
 Aastha Chaudhary as Urmila Singh, Padam Singh's out-of-wedlock daughter (2007)
 Jasveer Kaur as Katari (2006)
 Narendra Gupta as Aapji - Neel's grandfather (2005-2006)
 Vineet Kumar - Kaveri's father
 Sharmilee Raj as Chamki (2007)
 Barkha Madan as Reva Sehgal - Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's stepsister (2006-2007)
 Shahbaz Khan as Padam Singh - Chandni, Devika and Urmila's father (2007) Antagonist
 Shweta Kawatra as Reva Sehgal - Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's stepsister (2005)
 Sonika Sahay as Ginni - Nikita's mother (2007-2008)
 Gunjan Walia as Vrinda - Dheer's second wife and Ishaan's stepmother (2007-2008)
 Niyati Joshi as Piya Singh, Brijesh, Aditi and Nahar's younger sister, Shridhar's ex-wife, fake Abhi / Shekhar's wife (2006-2009)
 Poonam Joshi as Dr. Nishi - Neel's second wife, Brigadier and Shanti's former daughter-in-law (2007-2008)
 Mahru Sheikh as Shanti, Brigadier's wife, Dr. Nishi's mother-in-law (2007-2008)
 Rajeev Verma as Brigadier, Shanti's husband, Dr. Nishi's father-in-law (2007-2008)
 Pracheen Chauhan as Kshitij Singh - Nahar and Brijesh's cousin, Veer and Kuki's son, Kalika's husband (2008)
 Amita Nangia as Shyama Singh - Narpat's girlfriend and Kalika's mother (2008)
 Aashka Goradia as Advocate Kalika Singh / Advocate Kalika Kshitij Singh - Saloni's stepsister, Narpat and Shyama's daughter, Kshitij's Wife, Veer and Kuki's daughter-in-law (2008)
 Pratima Kazmi as Lali Maasi (2008)
 Zahida Parveen as Savitri - Savri's adoptive mother (2008-2009)
 Mihir Mishra as Dr. Varun - Nahar's friend (2008) = Antagonist
 Vishal Watwani as Rohit - Neel's friend (2005-2006)
 Amit Sarin as Advocate Pratap Chauhan (2006)
 Amit Jain as Daksh - Savri's husband, Saloni's son-in-law (2009)
 Parikshit Sahni as Veer Singh - Brijesh, Aditi, Nahar and Piya's uncle, Kuki's ex-husband, Kshitij's father, Urvashi's husband, Kalika's father-in-law (2007-2008)
 Sonal Pendse as Neelima - Nahar's ex-girlfriend (2006)
 Yusuf Hussain as Shamsher Singh - Tara and Urvashi's father (2006)
 Sonia Singh as Tanya - Samar's secretary (2007)
 Vijay Badlani as Sushant - Shekhar's friend (2007)
 Iira Soni as Kamini Singh - Samar and Kaveri's daughter (2009)
 Sujata Krishnamurthy as Guruma - Swami Amritanand's mother (2008-2009)

Production
In November 2008, the shootings and telecast of all the Hindi television series including this series and films were stalled on 8 November 2008 due to dispute by the technician workers of FWICE (Federation of Western India Cine Employees) for increasing the wages, better work conditions and more breaks between shootings. FWICE first took a strike on 1 October 2008 when they addressed their problems with the producers and production was stalled. A contract was signed after four days discussions and shooting were happening only for two hours content in a day then after which differences increased between them while channels gave them time until 30 October 2008 to sort it out. Failing to do so lead to protests again from 10 November 2008 to 19 November 2008 during which channels blacked out new broadcasts and repeat telecasts were shown from 10 November 2008. On 19 November 2008, the strike was called off after settling the disputes and the production resumed. The new episodes started to telecast from 1 December 2008.

Lead Sharad Kelkar was supposed to shoot for only 30 episodes for the series. But, good response for the series made him to continue until he quit before the generation leap. However, he returned to the series for the finale episode.

In October 2008, lead Rajshree Thakur confirmed quitting the show to spend time with her family and quit along with Kelkar when the series took a generation leap in April end of 2009. In April 2009, the series took a generation leap with addition of new casts, with story focussing on lead character Saloni's children when Rachana Parulkar was cast as Saawri.

The series which was one of the top rated show for a long time with more than 6+ TVR. Later, when the ratings dipped, a generation leap was taken which was also unsuccessful in increasing the ratings as before which made channel to end the series in the same month after it. Speaking about ending the series, Producer Sunjoy Wadhwa said, "Saat Phere was Saloni's story. The leap meant regenerating a story from scratch, which isn't working for us. So, it's best to end it now" and stated its ended on 22 May 2009. However, it ended on 28 May 2009.

Reception

Critics

India Today described the plot of the series as simple.

Ratings
Initially, it ranged between 1.8-2 TVR. Within a month it started averaging 2-3 TVR and then gradually increased until ranging 6+TVR during 2006 becoming one of the most watched Hindi GEC. In April and May, it averaged 4.44 TVR overall.  In December 2006, it garnered 5.1 TVR. In week ending 17 March 2007, it garnered 1.59 TVR. As in July 2007, it averaged 3.4 TVR.

The highest rating garnered in its runtime was 6.61 TVR during May 2006.

References

External links

2005 Indian television series debuts
2009 Indian television series endings
Zee TV original programming
Indian television soap operas
Television shows set in Rajasthan

Saat Phere – Saloni Ka Safar


100 Leadenhall, nicknamed The Diamond, is a mixed-use development approved for the City of London. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the tower will be the financial district's third-tallest building upon completion. The wedge-shaped building will have a facade of elongated diamond shapes.

A spokesperson from St Paul's Cathedral said that the tower would have a "harmful impact" on the protected views of the cathedral, and a statement from the Tower of London expressed concern at the skyscraper's diminution of the "visual dominance" of the historic site. The City of London's planning and transportation committee voted 22–2 in favour of the 100 Leadenhall build in July 2018.

The development will include a free public viewing gallery, a restaurant, a bar and shops.

See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in London

References

Proposed skyscrapers in London
City of London
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings

100 Leadenhall


Annual Exhibition of Leningrad artists (Leningrad, 1960) () become one of the largest Soviet Art Exhibition of 1960 year. The Exhibition took place in Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists Exhibition Halls on Bolshaya Morskaya st. 38.

History and Organization
For the organization and preparation of the Annual Art Exhibition of 1960 was formed specially Exhibition Committee which consisted of the most authoritative art-experts. Exhibition Catalog was published. In total, the Exhibition displayed almost 650 works of art of painters, sculptors, graphics, artists of theater and cinema, masters of arts and crafts. In total exhibition attended by 300 artists of the Leningrad.

Contributing Artists
In the largest Department of Painting were exhibited art works of 167 authors. There were Taisia Afonina, Piotr Alberti, Evgenia Antipova, Genrikh Bagrov, Leonid Baykov, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Nikolai Baskakov, Zlata Bizova, Olga Bogaevskaya, Lev Bogomolets, Nikolai Galakhov, Vladimir Gorb, Abram Grushko, German Egoshin, Alexei Eriomin, Mikhail Kaneev, Maria Kleschar-Samokhvalova, Boris Korneev, Alexander Koroviakov, Victor Korovin, Elena Kostenko, Nikolai Kostrov, Anna Kostrova, Gevork Kotiantz, Mikhail Kozell, Marina Kozlovskaya, Yaroslav Krestovsky, Boris Lavrenko, Ivan Lavsky, Oleg Lomakin, Dmitry Maevsky, Vladimir Malevsky, Alexei Mozhaev, Evsey Moiseenko, Nikolai Mukho, Andrei Mylnikov, Piotr Nazarov, Vera Nazina, Mikhail Natarevich, Samuil Nevelshtein, Dmitry Oboznenko, Sergei Osipov, Lia Ostrova, Filaret Pakun, Varlen Pen, Boris Petrov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Stepan Privedentsev, Valentina Rakhina, Semion Rotnitsky, Maria Rudnitskaya, Vladimir Sakson, Alexander Samokhvalov, Ivan Savenko, Alexander Semionov, Arseny Semionov, Yuri Shablikin, Boris Shamanov, Alexander Shmidt, Elena Skuin, Alexander Sokolov, Alexander Stolbov, Victor Teterin, Nikolai Timkov, Yuri Tulin, Boris Ugarov, Ivan Varichev, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Vecheslav Zagonek, Ruben Zakharian, Elena Zhukova, and others most prominent painters of the Leningrad School.

In the Department of Sculptures were exhibited art works of 44 sculptors. Department of graphics presented a creation of 84 artists.

Contributed Artworks

For the Exhibition were selected art works created in 1959-1960, also some earlier works. All they were exhibited in the first time. Some of them were subsequently found in the collections of Soviet Art museums, as well as domestic and foreign galleries and collectors.

Portrait was presented of "Grandmother with a granddaughter" by Nikolai Baskakov, "Verochka" by Maria Kleschar-Samokhvalova, "Misha", "Katenka" by Elena Kostenko, "Portrait of wife with daughter" by Gevork Kotiantz, "A worker of rolling mill" by Dmitry Maevsky, "Natasha", "Portrait of artist Vasily Meshkov", "Portrait of Wife" by Evsey Moiseenko, "Verochka at the window" by Andrei Mylnikov, "Nadenka" by Vera Nazina, "Schoolboy" by Samuil Nevelshtein, "Portrait of Partisan" by Semion Rotnitsky, "Tonia" by Boris Ugarov, "Portrait of a woman - worker of Publishing" by Ruben Zakharian, and others.

Genre painting was presented of "Crossing" by Nikolai Galakhov, "At the stables" by Abram Grushko, "Camp of geologists" by Alexei Eriomin, "On the Neva River" by Ivan Lavsky, "Pig farm workers", "Lunch break" by Oleg Lomakin, "Construction" by Nikolai Mukho, "At the breakfast", "In Studio" by Andrei Mylnikov, "Rendezvous", "In a walk" by Mikhail Natarevich, "Whistle-stop" by Samuil Nevelshtein, "Wharf in Kizhi Pogost" by Dmitry Oboznenko, "Winter camp on the Neva River" by Boris Petrov, "Cafe Gurzuf", "At the Seaside highway" by Alexander Samokhvalov, "Port in the night" by Yuri Shablikin, "Smoke of the Magnitogorsk steel plant" by Alexander Sokolov, "A Summer" by Victor Teterin, "Gold fields of Artyomovsk", "The City is under construction" by Yuri Tulin, "Tonia" by and others.

Landscape and Cityscape were presented of "On the Zhdanovka River" by Taisia Afonina, "On the Senezh Lake" by Piotr Alberti, "Northern wind", "A Shore of the lake", "A Village of Tarasy" by Leonid Baykov, "Twilight", "In the Wood" by Vsevolod Bazhenov, "A Spring" by Zlata Bizova, "Evening Sky" by Lev Bogomolets, "Small Courtyard" by Vladimir Gorb, "In Spring", "February" by Abram Grushko, "Etude", "Old courtyard" by German Egoshin, "October", "Northern etude", "Forest Lake" by Alexei Eriomin, "Leningrad courtyard" by Mikhail Kaneev, "Twilight", "By the evening" by Boris Korneev, "Kronverksky Strait" by Alexander Koroviakov, "Yaroslavl. A View from the Spassky monastery" by Victor Korovin, "Winter etude" by Mikhail Kozell, "Evening", "Karelian landscape", "Highway" by Marina Kozlovskaya, "Old houses" by Yaroslav Krestovsky, "Chernaya River" by Ivan Lavsky, "Summer cottage" by Oleg Lomakin, "In the Spring", "Koktebel" by Evsey Moiseenko, "Autumn Park" by Alexei Mozhaev, "Venice" by Andrei Mylnikov, "A Winter" by Piotr Nazarov, "A First snow" by Samuil Nevelshtein, "Kizhi Pogost", "Wharf in Kizhi" by Dmitry Oboznenko, "Little Bridge", "Autumn in the city", "Boats", "On the Volkhov River" by Sergei Osipov, "Spring" by Lia Ostrova, "A Field", "Over the Dnieper River", "Walkway" by Filaret Pakun, "Close to Yalu River" by Varlen Pen, "In spring at the Summer Garden" by Boris Petrov, "Spring etude", "House close to the road" by Nikolai Pozdneev, "Old Petergof" by Stepan Privedentsev, "Teracce" by Valentina Rakhina, "A Path" by Maria Rudnitskaya, "Street in Angarsk" by Vladimir Sakson, "September on the Ural Mountains" by Ivan Savenko, "After the rain" by Alexander Semionov, "Spring theme", "Factory motive", "Fontanka River", "Trinity Cathedral, Saint Petersburg" by Arseny Semionov, "Severodvinsk. Backwater" by Yuri Shablikin, "Willow in bloom" by Boris Shamanov, "Last Snow" by Vasily Sokolov, "In the Novgorod Province" by Alexander Stolbov, "Winter landscape with small rugs" by Victor Teterin, "First snow", "Cherry in bloom" by Nikolai Timkov, "Abandoned gold fields" by Yuri Tulin, "Venice", "A Winter", "Pskov" by Boris Ugarov, "Autumn" by Ivan Varichev, "Baykal Lake", "Snow goes", "After the rain", "Shore of Angara River" by Vecheslav Zagonek, "Black Sea. Rocky shore", "Evening silence" by Elena Zhukova, and others.

Still life paintings were presented of "Irises", "Wildflower Bouquet" by Evgenia Antipova, "Interior", "Still life" by Olga Bogaevskaya, "Still life" by Gevork Kotiantz, "Still life" by Mikhail Natarevich, "Mushrooms" by Maria Rudnitskaya, "In the garden" by Boris Shamanov, "Fruits. Still life" by Elena Skuin, "Still life with Melon" by Vasily Sokolov, "Snowdrops and lemons", "Rosehip" by Victor Teterin, "A Winter Still life" by Rostislav Vovkushevsky, and others.

Acknowledgment
Annual Exhibition of the Leningrad artists of 1960 was widely covered in press and in literature on Soviet fine art.

See also

 Fine Art of Leningrad
 Leningrad School of Painting
 1960 in fine arts of the Soviet Union
 Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
 Socialist realism

References

Sources
 Выставка произведений ленинградских художников 1960 года. Каталог. Л., Художник РСФСР, 1963.
 Мочалов, Л. В. О чём говорит выставка // Творчество. Вып.2. М., 1961, с.4 – 6
 Справочник членов Ленинградской организации Союза художников РСФСР. Л: Художник РСФСР, 1980.
 Художники народов СССР. Биографический словарь. Т.1. М., Искусство, 1970-1995.
 Справочник членов Союза художников СССР. Том 1,2. М., Советский художник, 1979.
 Дмитренко А. Зональные (региональные) и республиканские выставки в художественной жизни России 1960-1980-х годов. // Время перемен. Искусство 1960—1985 в Советском Союзе. СПб., Государственный Русский музей, 2006. С.31-33. .
 Хроника узловых событий художественной жизни России 1960-1980-х годов // Time for Change. The Art of 1960-1985 in the Soviet Union. Saint Petersburg, State Russian Museum, 2006.
 Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. Saint Petersburg, NP-Print Edition, 2007. P.392-393, 413-414. ,
 Юбилейный Справочник выпускников Санкт-Петербургского академического института живописи, скульптуры и архитектуры имени И. Е. Репина Российской Академии художеств. 1915—2005. Санкт Петербург, «Первоцвет», 2007.

External links
 Мочалов, Л. В. О чём говорит выставка // Творчество. Вып.2. М., 1961, с.4–6

Art exhibitions in Russia
1960 works
1960 in the Soviet Union
Socialist realism
1960 in art

Annual Exhibition of Leningrad artists (1960)


Abdul Hadi bin Awang (Jawi: عبدالهادي بن اواڠ; born 20 October 1947) is a Malaysian politician and religious teacher who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Marang since October 1990, 7th President of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), an Islamist political party and a component party of Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition, since July 2002. He served as Leader of the Opposition from July 2002 to March 2004, Menteri Besar of Terengganu from December 1999 to March 2004 and Member of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Ru Rendang from 1986 until 2018. At the international level, he formerly served as vice-president of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

Hadi received his education in neighbourhood schools before furthering his studies at the Islamic University of Madinah between 1969 and 1973, and later at Al-Azhar University. Upon his return to Malaysia, he joined Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) in 1977, where he quickly became its Terengganu state chief. A year later, Hadi joined the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) and contested a parliamentary seat in the 1978 general election. He rose quickly through the ranks. He became PAS deputy president in 1989 when Fadzil Noor was elected to the party presidency. He remained deputy president until 2002, when Fadzil died of a heart attack, resulting in Hadi succeeding him as PAS President.

Hadi Awang is a highly controversial politician in Malaysia. Since the 1980s he has routinely made incendiary remarks against non-Muslim minorities as well as Malay Muslims who do not subscribe to his ultraconservative religious views. Consequently, he has often been the target of investigation by the Malaysian police.

Early life and family

Hadi was born on 20 October 1947, in Kampung Rusila, Marang, Terengganu. He is the fifth child of nine siblings; four of them are deceased. His father's name was Haji Awang Mohamad bin Abd Rahman while his mother was Hajjah Aminah Yusuf. They are also deceased. His father who was Tok Guru in Kampung Rusila was also a political activist of Hizbul Muslimin Terengganu. Similarly, his bonds were the place of reference and the focus of society, especially in religious matters.
Hizbul Muslimin was banned by the colonists, at the will of the ruling party. A few years after the ban, Haji Awang Mohammad emerged as one of the earliest to introduce the struggle of the Malay Se-Malaya (PAS) Society in Terengganu.

Education
Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang was given an early education by his father beginning in 1955. Later, he was educated formally at the Rusila National School before continuing his secondary education at Marang Religious School. He then pursued Sanawi's degree at the Sultan Zainal Abidin Religious Secondary School, Kuala Terengganu. In addition, he studied religion, Arabic and politics with his father.

He furthered his studies at the Islamic University of Madinah for a Shariah bachelor's degree funding by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with the support of the then-vice president of the Islamic University of Madinah Sheikh Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah.

After about four years in the Arabian Peninsula (1969–1973), he earned his first degree in Islamic Shariah. He furthered his master's degree at Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, in Siyasah Syar'iyyah (Political Science) from 1974 to 1976.

Early career

Community education
Shortly after finishing his studies and returning to his homeland, in 1976, his father died. Hadi then decided to continue his father's duty of being a khatib and delivering khutbah (a sermon) every Friday morning.

Non-government organization
He served as an officer for the Terengganu Islamic Foundation from 1977 to 1978, and at the same time as Terengganu Chief of Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM).

In 1978, he began teaching at the Maahad Al-Ikhwan (Institut Berakan), a private school set up by a few young PAS youths in Mengadang Akar, Kuala Terengganu.

In 1982, when ABIM's president, Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim left the organization and joined the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Abdul Hadi joined PAS with Ustaz Fadzil Noor and Datuk Nakhaie Ahmad.

Along with these three, some of the ABIM leaders who joined PAS included: Tuan Haji Mohamad Sabu, Ustaz Abdul Ghani Shamsuddin, Datuk Paduka Husam Musa, Datuk Tuan Ibrahim Tuan Man, Ustaz Abu Bakar Chik, Ustaz Muhammad Mustafa and Datuk Mohammad Daud Iraqi.

Political career

Early political career
Hadi has been active in politics since 1964 when he was studying in high school. He has been entrusted as a branch secretary in the PAS village Rusila, Marang.

In 1976, he was appointed Terengganu PAS youth chief and the Central PAS Youth Council Exco. In 1977, he was elected to the Central PAS Working Committee. In 1978, he was appointed acting vice president of the Central Center and later confirmed to the post in 1980. In 1983, he and Datuk Nakhaei Ahmad were once again elected as PAS vice presidents. In 1989, he was elected PAS deputy president after Dato' Fadzil Noor was elected president of PAS.

Following the death of Ustaz Fadzil Noor, he was appointed acting president of PAS in 2003. He became PAS president after being ratified at the convention in 2005.

An the 61st PAS Muktamar, he was challenged for the first time for the post of PAS president by Ustaz Ahmad Awang. However, he managed to defeat his challenger with a majority of 695 votes.

Rose to prominence
He joined the election after returning home in 1978 where he was entrusted by PAS to contest the 1978 General Election in Dun Marang representing PAS. He lost by 64 votes to BN's Tengku Zahid Tengku Musa. In the 1982 General Election, he was nominated by PAS for the Marang State Legislative Assembly and won with a majority of 320 votes, but lost in the Dungun Parliament, which was also contested, to Haji Awang Jabar.

In the 1982 election, four other PAS leaders in Terengganu won their state seats—Haji Mustafa Ali, Haji Harun Taliib, Haji Abu Bakar Chik, and Haji Wan Abdul Mutalib Embong.

In 1986, he won again at DUN Ru Rendang (the new name for Dun Marang after redelineation) defeating Abdul Latif Muda and has retained it until now. However, for Marang's parliamentary seat that year, he lost to Datuk Abdul Rahman Bakar. He won it in 1990, 1995 and 1999.

After PAS's victory in Terengganu in November 1999, he was appointed Menteri Besar of Terengganu until March 2004, as well as being Marang member of parliament. He was also opposition leader from 2003 to 2004, replacing Almarhum Ustaz Fadzil Noor.

He lost to Abdul Rahman in 2004 but won again in 2008.

In Malaysia's 2013 General Election, he managed to maintain both the unbeatable seats. He won the Marang Parliament with a majority of 5124 votes, defeating Datuk Yahya Khatib Muhammad from BN. He also won the Ru Rendang state seat with a majority of 2819, defeating Nik Dir Nik Wan Ku from BN.

Menteri Besar of Terengganu

Early time
Abdul Hadi Awang was elected the 11th Menteri Besar of Terengganu officially on Tuesday, 22 Syaaban 1420 corresponding to 30 November 1999, when he was 52 years old. The ceremony for the declaration of the appointment of the chief minister and 10 members of the State Executive Council were held at Istana Maziah, Kuala Terengganu, on 2 December 1999.

He was also the state commissioner for Terengganu when he was appointed Menteri Besar to replace Dato 'Seri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad after PAS won 28 of the 32 state seats in Terengganu in the 10th general election. The party also won seven out of eight temporary parliamentary seats; the other parliamentary seat was won by Parti Keadilan Rakyat.

Hadi I cabinet of Terengganu

YAB Datuk Seri Tuan Guru Haji Abdul Hadi Awang
President
Chairman of the Land, Mines and Forestry Committee, Chairman of the Finance and Investment Committee
YB Dato 'Haji Mustafa Ali
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Economic, Petroleum, Industrial and Human Resources Development Committee
(Allahyarham) YB Dato 'Tuan Guru Haji Harun Taib
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Committee on Education, Da'wah and Shariah Implementation
YB Dato 'Haji Wan Abdul Mutalib Embong
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Local Government, Housing and Environment Committee
(Allahyarham) YB Dato 'Ustaz Abu Bakar Chik
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock
YB Tun Dato Mohd Salleh Abas
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of Hisbah Committee and Special Duties
YB Tuan Haji Mohd Abdul Wahid Endut
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Committee on Entrepreneur Development, Small Business and Consumer Affairs
YB Tuan Haji Yahaya Ali
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Infrastructure Development Committee, Public Utilities and Communications
YB Ustaz Haji Abu Bakar Abdullah
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the Welfare, Social and Health Committee
(Allahyaham) YB Ustaz Haji Awang Dagang Jusoh
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of Women and Non-Muslim Affairs Committee
YB Ustaz Haji Wan Hassan Mohd Ramli
State Executive Councilor
Chairman of the committee, Sports, Culture and Tourism\

Achievement

The achievement of Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang while serving as the Menteri Besar of Terengganu were encouraging despite being denied the petroleum royalty as provided under the Petroleum Development Act of 1974.

Among his achievements were in the education sector where he helped consolidate both formal and informal educational institutions in the country. He instituted a higher zakat (funds) collection from 2000 to 2004 with a total of RM122.4 million compared to 1990-1999 under the UMNO administration where the total was only RM85 million. In the case of land reform, he reduced the land charge premium from 20% to 10% and exceeded the target to settle an arrears of 50,000 land dispute cases each year.

He instituted transparency in logging activities increasing the premium of RM60.6 million to 15,000ha in 2003 compared to premium of RM17.9 million for the same amount of hectares during the UMNO administration in 1997. He helped to reduce the poverty rate from 17.3% to 14%;

He helped introduce Five Working Days policy in 1999, which was followed by the Federal Government in 2000. He introduced 90 days maternity leave and seven days leave for fathers. He assisted with the abolition of the pedicab permit and the fees for small traders, abolished toll collection at the Sultan Mahmud Bridge, and re-established the Islamic Law in the state constitution with the introduction of several laws based on the Al-Quran and As-Sunnah.

International involvement

While an overseas student
Hadi began to work internationally in Madinah when he became the Head of Malaysian Students of the Islamic University of Madinah. In addition, he is also responsible for the Confederation of Southeast Asian Students in Medina.

At Medina, two Ikhwan figures, Professor Dr. Muhammad Al-Wakeel and Sheikh Said Hawwa became his mentors for Siasah Syar'iyyah. He also learned from Dr. Abdul Satar Al Khudsi who was active in the Muslim Brotherhood at that time.

In Egypt, he became the secretary of the Syariah Section and the Law of the Federation of the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Represents Malaysian Islamic movement
As PAS senior leader, Hadi not only led the Islamic movement in Malaysia, but was also actively involved on the international stage with other Islamic movements addressing the problems of the Ummah (Islamic community).

In 1990 he was a member of the Joint Coordinating Committee of Islamic Political Parties to address Palestinian issues, based in Amman, Jordan. He was a supporter of Harakah al-Muqawwamat al-Islamiyyah (HAMAS). Along with the leadership of HAMAS, as a member of the Muslim Brotherhood he supported the defense of the Palestinian issue. He urged the Government of Malaysia to recognize the victory of Hamas as a legitimate government. He led a delegation of PAS parliamentarians and Islamic NGOs in an attempt to enter Gaza City but was barred.

Hadi was involved with the Al-Majma 'al-Alami li al-Taqrib Baina al-Mazahib al-Islamiah (International Council for Approach of Islamic Schools), based in Tehran, Iran, and the International Committee of the International Secretariat for the Defense of Baitul Maqdis based in Amman, Jordan. He was a member of delegate MPs of Islamic parties led by Dr. Najmuddin Erbakan, a former Turkish prime minister, who met with UN Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, and met the United States Senate; the delegates of Parti Islam MPs who visited Europe headed by Dr. Necmettin Erbakan; a delegate of Islamic party leaders from around the world who met the rulers and presidents of the countries of West Asia before the Gulf War; a delegate of the world leaders of Islamic movements who visited Baghdad at the invitation of Iraq's Prime Minister, Saddam Hussien during the Gulf War crisis; a member of the delegation of Islamic movement leaders across the globe headed by Muslim Brotherhood leader Sheikh Mustafa Masyhur who visited Afghanistan, to help enforce the Islamic state and to avoid conflicts between Muslim pilgrims who were cracking after the Russian withdrawal from Afghanistan. In addition to Mr Abdul Hadi Awang, Dato 'Fadzil Noor, then President of PAS, also participated.

Hadi was a member of the International Islamic Movement Secretariat Committee headquartered in Istanbul, Turkey in 1994. He was often invited to attend the Ijtima 'Am organized by Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, and some Indonesian Islamic movements such as the Prosperous Justice Party and the Star Moon Party.

He was a speaker at the International Seminar on Islamic Unity in the face of Bosnia-Herzegovina problems and represented PAS at the 5th World Islamic Organization's Muktamar in Istanbul in 1996. He gave a speech titled "Islamic Awakening: His Lack of Wisdom" at the International Islamic Revival Conference in Tehran on 24 September 2011. The conference, attended by 700 delegates from all Muslim countries, discussed the latest conflicts in West Asia such as Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, Syria and Palestine.

He represented Malaysia's Islamic movement (PAS) to the 22nd International Muslim Community Congress in Istanbul, Turkey in May 2013. It was also attended by the leader of Tunisia's An-Nahdah, Rashid al-Ghannushi; from Palestinian HAMAS, Ismail Haniyeh and Khaled Meshal; from Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, Muhammad Badie; from Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan, Syed Munawar Hassan; and from the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood, Riyadh al-Sakfa. The congress also heard a keynote address by two Islamic State leaders, Dr. Mohamed Morsi (Egypt) and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Iran).

Hadi was appointed as World Muslim Ulama Union deputy president, together with Dr. Ahmad Raysuni and Sheikh Al-Khalili headed by Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi in 2014.

He delivered the prime lectures at S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies(RSIS), Nanyang Technological University in Singapore on 28 April 2015.

Controversies and issues

Amanat Hadi
Amanat Hadi refers to the dark period in the 1980s, when Hadi Awang was a PAS firebrand. It was the beginning of the era of "kafir mengkafir" (calling fellow Muslims infidels due to different political beliefs) which Hadi had popularized throughout the villages of Malaysia.

Hadi delivered this infamous Amanat Hadi sermon at Kampung Banggol, Peradong, Kuala Terengganu on 7 April 1981, and thereafter his image appeared on posters on the walls of PAS offices across the nation at the same time.

Hadi claimed that UMNO perpetuated the unIslamic rule of colonialism, and therefore the struggle of PAS and its supporters against UMNO is jihad and that those who died in the struggle are al-shahid (martyrs).

Later in 1983, an Amanat Hadi poster was used in the Selising by-election in Kelantan and thereafter became a flagship battle clarion call for PAS in other elections.

In one bold stroke, Hadi drew a line that separates PAS and UMNO.

Indeed, there were separate Imams for daily prayers, separate "kenduris" (wedding feasts etc.), abattoirs, funeral rites, Friday prayers, even separate burial sites.

Families were separated, husbands and wives were separated through an acrimonious divorce, and children left in limbo that eventually led to a large scale division of the Muslim ummah.

Seditious remarks against Christians
Abdul Hadi Awang has alleged that Christian missionaries have brought their work to Malaysia only after experiencing failure in the West. "Christianity is no longer saleable in countries where the education level is high," he said. Hadi alleged that preachers would often back down from challenges to debate with their Muslim counterparts because "they know they would lose". "This is transgression in the name of religion. It is a danger that must be fought," Hadi said in an article in one of the edition of Harakah released on 18 January 2016.

In December 2020, two Sabahans have filed a lawsuit against  Abdul Hadi Awang as a public interest matter. Maklin Masiau and Lawrence Jomiji Kinsil @ Maximilhian ask the court to find Hadi guilty of violating Section 3 of the Sedition Act. Hadi was appointed the Prime Minister's special envoy to the Middle East on 2 April. The position carries a status equivalent to a minister. It is said to involve advising the Prime Minister on enhancing Malaysia's interests in the region. The duo claims that Hadi had made a seditious statement in PAS newspaper Harakah against Christians and Christian missionaries on 18 January 2016. They said they initiated the lawsuit because the public prosecutor had not charged Hadi for those remarks after four years. They also included various news reports in January 2016 and August 2020 as part of their court filing to support their case. The lawsuit was filed on 9 December in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur. The court papers had been delivered to the PAS headquarters yesterday. The Christian Federation of Malaysia — an umbrella body which represents churches nationwide — questioned the sincerity of PAS' Pasir Puteh MP Nik Muhammad Zawawi Salleh's so-called "apology."

Abdul Hadi Awang has applied to quash two Sabahans' originating summons over the PAS president's alleged seditious remark against Christians published in a newspaper, five years ago.

Remarks against Joe Biden
On 30 January 2021, former deputy foreign affairs minister Marzuki Yahya has criticised Abdul Hadi Awang over his comments on the new administration in the United States. Hadi had said having a new president in the White House was meaningless for Muslim countries as President Joe Biden will continue with Zionist-influenced policies. He had also said the only difference between Biden and his predecessor Donald Trump was Biden's softer and more diplomatic approach. Marzuki said Hadi's remarks could be seen as an attempt to disrupt bilateral ties between Malaysia and the US. He added that Malaysia always held to the principle of non-intervention in another country's domestic affairs. A principle of Malaysia's foreign policy was to resolve any disputes through negotiations.

Personal life
Tuan Guru Abdul Hadi Awang established a household with 'Puan Seri Hajah Zainab binti Awang Ngah in 1976. His second marriage was in 1991 to Dr. Norzita Taat. The result of his marriage with his two wives was 14 children, 11 from his first wife; three from his second wife.

His eldest son, Ustaz Muhammad Khalil Abdul Hadi, is an alumnus of Al-Eman University, Yemen and used to hold the post of PAS Dewan Pemuda's chief and chairman of the International Lajnah, the PAS Dewan Pemuda.

Health
On 1 July 2023, Abdul Hadi was hospitalised to undergo treatment due to poor health. Muhammad Khalil asked for well-wishes for his father on his health and longevity. Meanwhile, an aide to Abdul Hadi shared that the latter was in stable condition and under strict observation to ensure his recovery. On 2 July 2023, Deputy Menteri Besar of Kelantan and Vice President of PAS Mohd Amar Abdullah revealed that Abdul Hadi had been transferred to a regular ward from the cardiac care unit (CCU) after his condition improved and visitors were prohibited to allow the latter to rest and recover properly.

Election results

Writing results

International recognition
Abdul Hadi Awang has been listed as one of the world's 500 most influential Muslims by The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre based in Amman, Jordan. He was given this recognition in the category of Preachers & Spiritual Guides The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims 2016 edition.

Honours

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2021)
  :
  Member Grand Companion of the Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT) – Dato' Seri (2001)

Character awards
 On 15 April 2011, he was awarded the 'Alim Rabbani' award by Yala Islamic University, Pattani, and Thailand in conjunction with the Multaqa Muslimat Yala Islamic University. He is the first overseas Thai to receive the recognition.
 On 26 September 2014, he was selected as the Terengganu Tani Icon 2014 in the Terengganu Farmers, Raiders and Fishermen Carnivals 2014 at Itqanul Muluk Square, Kuala Berang, Terengganu.
 On 16 May 2015, he was awarded the "Murabbi Ummah Tokoh" Award in conjunction with the Malaysian Islamic Educators Association 3.0 organized by the National Educator Awakening Association Movement at the Kedah State PAS Complex.
On 1 September 2019, he was awarded the 'Tokoh Maal Hijrah Terengganu' award by the Sultan of Terengganu in conjunction with the new year of 1441 according to Islamic Calendar.

Recognition through writing
 Jamhuri Badiuzzaman, Haji Abdul Hadi Awang : Hamba Allah Pemimpin Ummah, Pustaka Bunda, 1984.
 Mohd Nasir Awang, Masa Untuk Tok Guru Buktikan - PAS Mampu Pimpin Malaysia. Penerbitan Pemuda, 2000
 Mohd Nasir Awang, Terengganu Lepasi Pantang - Kuasa Yang Menjerat?, Rangkaian Minda Publishing, Julai 2001
 Riduan Mohamad Nor, Abdul Hadi Awang : Murabbi, Ideolouge, Pemimpin. Jundi Resources, 2011
 Mohamed Jusoh, Prinsip Haji Hadi BYG Publishers & Distribuors. 2016

Notes

References
 Farish Ahmad Noor, Islam Embedded: The Historical Development of the Democratic Action Party DAP, 1951–2003, Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, 2004,
 Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck, Voll, John Obert, Esposito, John L., The Contemporary Islamic Revival: A Critical Survey and Bibliography, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1991,
 Hooker, Virginia Matheson, Othman, Norani, Kessler, Clive S., Malaysia: Islam, Society and Politics, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003,
 Saw, Swee-Hock, K. Kesavapany, Malaysia: Recent Trends and Challenges, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006,

External links
 President of PAS official website

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1947 births
Living people
People from Terengganu
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Islamic democracy activists
Malaysian Muslim Brotherhood members
Presidents of Malaysian Islamic Party
Malaysian Islamic Party politicians
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
Leaders of the Opposition (Malaysia)
Members of the Terengganu State Legislative Assembly
Terengganu state executive councillors
Chief Ministers of Terengganu
Islamic University of Madinah alumni
Al-Azhar University alumni
21st-century Malaysian politicians
International Union of Muslim Scholars members
Anti-Christian sentiment in Malaysia
Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia

Abdul Hadi Awang


An iceberg is a large piece of ice that has broken off from a snow-formed glacier or ice shelf, and is floating in open water.

Iceberg or Iceburg may also refer to:

Brands and enterprises
 Iceberg (fashion house), an Italian luxury fashion house
 Iceberg Interactive, a Dutch video game publisher
 Iceberg Vodka, a brand of Canadian vodka

Fictional characters
 Iceberg, comic book character in Amalgam Comics, see list of Amalgam Comics characters
 Iceberg, anime character from Transformers: Armada
 Iceberg, comic book character, see list of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero characters
 Iceberg, comic book character related to Kingpin

Literature
 Iceberg (Banks novel), a David Banks novel based on Doctor Who
 Iceberg (Cussler novel), a Dirk Pitt novel by Clive Cussler
"The Iceberg", a poem by Edwin John Pratt
"The Iceberg", a 1934 poem by C. G. D. Roberts

Music

Groups
 Iceberg, Deke Leonard's progressive rock band

Albums
 The Iceberg/Freedom of Speech... Just Watch What You Say!, a 1989 album by Ice-T
 The Iceberg (Oddisee album) (2017)
 Iceberg, a 2007 EP by Kodigo Norte
 Iceberg, a 1986 album by Krisma
 Iceberg, a 1973 album by Deke Leonard

Songs
 "Iceberg", a song by 10cc from How Dare You!
 "Iceberg", a song by Baby Bird from Fatherhood
 "Iceberg", a song by Børns from Blue Madonna
 "Iceberg", a song by the Lovely Feathers from My Best Friend Daniel
 "Iceberg", a song by Alla Pugacheva from Akh, kak khochetsya zhit
 "Iceberg", a song by Tweet from It's Me Again

People
 Yung Berg or Iceberg (born 1985), American rapper from Chicago
 Edward Chastain or Iceberg, professional wrestler

Plants
 Iceberg lettuce, a lettuce cultivar
 Rosa Iceberg, a rose cultivar

Visual art
 The Icebergs, a 1861 painting by Frederic Edwin Church
 The Iceberg (1891 painting), a painting by Frederic Edwin Church

Other uses
 Iceberg (orca)
 Iceberg Theory, a writing style
 Operation Iceberg, codename for Battle of Okinawa

People with the nickname
 Iceberg Slim or Robert Beck (1918–1992), African-American pimp and author
 Iceberg Slimm or Duane Dyer (born 1978), a Black British rapper and founder of Frojak Entertainment
 Iceberg Slim (musician) or Olusegun Olowokere, a Nigerian rapper

See also
 Ice Mountain (disambiguation)

Iceberg (disambiguation)


Erasing Hate is a 2011 American TV documentary chronicling the efforts of reformed white power skinhead Bryon Widner to remove his numerous racist facial tattoos. Written, produced, and directed by Bill Brummel, it first aired on June 6, 2011 on MSNBC.

Synopsis

Bryon Widner (born c. 1977) became a skinhead at the age of 14, and he spent 16 years involved with racist organizations in the midwestern United States.  Described as a "pit bull", Widner co-founded Vinlanders Social Club, a white power group in Indiana that soon gained a reputation for excessive violence.  This organization became one of the fastest-growing racist skinhead organizations in the US.

In 2005, Widner married Julie Larsen, who had three children from a previous marriage. In 2006, the couple had a son.  The responsibilities of fatherhood gave Widner the desire to reform and leave the racist movement, a desire shared by Larsen.  Widner left his organization and endured years of death threats and harassment while attempting to turn his life around. Widner's efforts to rejoin wider society were significantly hampered by his extensive facial tattoos, many of which were violent or racist. Larsen feared that Widner would take drastic action to remove the tattoos, such as immersing his face in acid. Larsen eventually contacted anti-racist activist Daryle Lamont Jenkins of One People's Project who put her in contact with the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC).

After "several weeks of conversation," SPLC representatives agreed to help Widner in his quest to remove his facial tattoos. They found a plastic surgeon who was willing to perform the procedure, and an anonymous donor provided $35,000 for the procedures. The complete removal of Widner's facial tattoos took a little over a year and a half and over a dozen individual procedures, all of which were excruciatingly painful.

See also
 Skin (2018), an American biographical drama film written and directed by Guy Nattiv, which follows the life of former skinhead group member Bryon Widner, and stars Jamie Bell and Danielle Macdonald.

References

American documentary television films
2011 television films
2011 films
Works about white nationalism

Erasing Hate


In the field of mathematical modeling, a radial basis function network is an artificial neural network that uses radial basis functions as activation functions. The output of the network is a linear combination of radial basis functions of the inputs and neuron parameters. Radial basis function networks have many uses, including function approximation, time series prediction, classification, and system control. They were first formulated in a 1988 paper by Broomhead and Lowe, both researchers at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment.

Network architecture

Radial basis function (RBF) networks typically have three layers: an input layer, a hidden layer with a non-linear RBF activation function and a linear output layer. The input can be modeled as a vector of real numbers . The output of the network is then a scalar function of the input vector, , and is given by

where  is the number of neurons in the hidden layer,  is the center vector for neuron , and  is the weight of neuron  in the linear output neuron. Functions that depend only on the distance from a center vector are radially symmetric about that vector, hence the name radial basis function. In the basic form, all inputs are connected to each hidden neuron. The norm is typically taken to be the Euclidean distance (although the Mahalanobis distance appears to perform better with pattern recognition) and the radial basis function is commonly taken to be Gaussian

.

The Gaussian basis functions are local to the center vector in the sense that

i.e. changing parameters of one neuron has only a small effect for input values that are far away from the center of that neuron.

Given certain mild conditions on the shape of the activation function, RBF networks are universal approximators on a compact subset of . This means that an RBF network with enough hidden neurons can approximate any continuous function on a closed, bounded set with arbitrary precision.

The parameters , , and  are determined in a manner that optimizes the fit between  and the data.

Normalized

Normalized architecture
In addition to the above unnormalized architecture, RBF networks can be normalized. In this case the mapping is

where

is known as a normalized radial basis function.

Theoretical motivation for normalization
There is theoretical justification for this architecture in the case of stochastic data flow. Assume a stochastic kernel approximation for the joint probability density

where the weights   and  are exemplars from the data and we require the kernels to be normalized

and
.

The probability densities in the input and output spaces are

and

The expectation of y given an input  is

where

is the conditional probability of y given .
The conditional probability is related to the joint probability through Bayes theorem

which yields

.

This becomes

when the integrations are performed.

Local linear models
It is sometimes convenient to expand the architecture to include local linear models. In that case the architectures become, to first order,

and

in the unnormalized and normalized cases, respectively. Here  are weights to be determined. Higher order linear terms are also possible.

This result can be written

where

and

in the unnormalized case and

in the normalized case.

Here  is a Kronecker delta function defined as

.

Training

RBF networks are typically trained from pairs of input and target values ,  by a two-step algorithm.

In the first step, the center vectors  of the RBF functions in the hidden layer are chosen. This step can be performed in several ways; centers can be randomly sampled from some set of examples, or they can be determined using k-means clustering. Note that this step is unsupervised.

The second step simply fits a linear model with coefficients  to the hidden layer's outputs with respect to some objective function. A common objective function, at least for regression/function estimation, is the least squares function:

where
.
We have explicitly included the dependence on the weights. Minimization of the least squares objective function by optimal choice of weights optimizes accuracy of fit.

There are occasions in which multiple objectives, such as smoothness as well as accuracy, must be optimized. In that case it is useful to optimize a regularized objective function such as

where

and

where optimization of S maximizes smoothness and  is known as a regularization parameter.

A third optional backpropagation step can be performed to fine-tune all of the RBF net's parameters.

Interpolation

RBF networks can be used to interpolate a function  when the values of that function are known on finite number of points: . Taking the known points  to be the centers of the radial basis functions and evaluating the values of the basis functions at the same points  the weights can be solved from the equation

It can be shown that the interpolation matrix in the above equation is non-singular, if the points  are distinct, and thus the weights  can be solved by simple linear algebra:

where .

Function approximation

If the purpose is not to perform strict interpolation but instead more general function approximation or classification the optimization is somewhat more complex because there is no obvious choice for the centers.  The training is typically done in two phases first fixing the width and centers and then the weights. This can be justified by considering the different nature of the non-linear hidden neurons versus the linear output neuron.

Training the basis function centers

Basis function centers can be randomly sampled among the input instances or obtained by Orthogonal Least Square Learning Algorithm or found by clustering the samples and choosing the cluster means as the centers.

The RBF widths are usually all fixed to same value which is proportional to the maximum distance between the chosen centers.

Pseudoinverse solution for the linear weights

After the centers  have been fixed, the weights that minimize the error at the output can be computed with a linear pseudoinverse solution:
,
where the entries of G are the values of the radial basis functions evaluated at the points : .

The existence of this linear solution means that unlike multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks, RBF networks have an explicit minimizer (when the centers are fixed).

Gradient descent training of the linear weights

Another possible training algorithm is gradient descent. In gradient descent training, the weights are adjusted at each time step by moving them in a direction opposite from the gradient of the objective function (thus allowing the minimum of the objective function to be found),

where  is a "learning parameter."

For the case of training the linear weights, , the algorithm becomes

in the unnormalized case and

in the normalized case.

For local-linear-architectures gradient-descent training is

Projection operator training of the linear weights

For the case of training the linear weights,  and , the algorithm becomes

in the unnormalized case and

in the normalized case and

in the local-linear case.

For one basis function, projection operator training reduces to Newton's method.

Examples

Logistic map

The basic properties of radial basis functions can be illustrated with a simple mathematical map, the logistic map, which maps the unit interval onto itself. It can be used to generate a convenient prototype data stream. The logistic map can be used to explore function approximation, time series prediction, and control theory. The map originated from the field of population dynamics and became the prototype for chaotic time series. The map, in the fully chaotic regime, is given by

where t is a time index. The value of x at time t+1 is a parabolic function of x at time t. This equation represents the underlying geometry of the chaotic time series generated by the logistic map.

Generation of the time series from this equation is the forward problem. The examples here illustrate the inverse problem; identification of the underlying dynamics, or fundamental equation, of the logistic map from exemplars of the time series. The goal is to find an estimate

for f.

Function approximation

Unnormalized radial basis functions

The architecture is

where

.

Since the input is a scalar rather than a vector, the input dimension is one. We choose the number of basis functions as N=5 and the size of the training set to be 100 exemplars generated by the chaotic time series. The weight  is taken to be a constant equal to 5. The weights  are five exemplars from the time series. The weights  are trained with projection operator training:

where the learning rate  is taken to be 0.3. The training is performed with one pass through the 100 training points. The rms error is 0.15.

Normalized radial basis functions

The normalized RBF architecture is

where

.

Again:

.

Again, we choose the number of basis functions as five and the size of the training set to be 100 exemplars generated by the chaotic time series. The weight  is taken to be a constant equal to 6. The weights  are five exemplars from the time series. The weights  are trained with projection operator training:

where the learning rate  is again taken to be 0.3. The training is performed with one pass through the 100 training points. The rms error on a test set of 100 exemplars is 0.084, smaller than the unnormalized error. Normalization yields accuracy improvement. Typically accuracy with normalized basis functions increases even more over unnormalized functions as input dimensionality increases.

Time series prediction

Once the underlying geometry of the time series is estimated as in the previous examples, a prediction for the time series can be made by iteration:

.

A comparison of the actual and estimated time series is displayed in the figure. The estimated times series starts out at time zero with an exact knowledge of x(0). It then uses the estimate  of the dynamics to update the time series estimate for several time steps.

Note that the estimate is accurate for only a few time steps. This is a general characteristic of chaotic time series. This is a property of the sensitive dependence on initial conditions common to chaotic time series. A small initial error is amplified with time. A measure of the divergence of time series with nearly identical initial conditions is known as the Lyapunov exponent.

Control of a chaotic time series

We assume the output of the logistic map can be manipulated through a control parameter  such that

.

The goal is to choose the control parameter in such a way as to drive the time series to a desired output . This can be done if we choose the control parameter to be

where

is an approximation to the underlying natural dynamics of the system.

The learning algorithm is given by

where

.

See also
 Radial basis function kernel
 instance-based learning
 In Situ Adaptive Tabulation
 Predictive analytics
 Chaos theory
 Hierarchical RBF
 Cerebellar model articulation controller
 Instantaneously trained neural networks

References

Further reading
 J. Moody and C. J. Darken, "Fast learning in networks of locally tuned processing units," Neural Computation, 1, 281-294 (1989). Also see Radial basis function networks according to Moody and Darken
 T. Poggio and F. Girosi, "Networks for approximation and learning," Proc. IEEE 78(9), 1484-1487 (1990).
 Roger D. Jones, Y. C. Lee, C. W. Barnes, G. W. Flake, K. Lee, P. S. Lewis, and S. Qian, ?Function approximation and time series prediction with neural networks,? Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, June 17–21, p. I-649 (1990).

 John R. Davies, Stephen V. Coggeshall, Roger D. Jones, and Daniel Schutzer, "Intelligent Security Systems," in

 S. Chen, C. F. N. Cowan, and P. M. Grant, "Orthogonal Least Squares Learning Algorithm for Radial Basis Function Networks", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol 2, No 2 (Mar) 1991.

Neural network architectures
Computational statistics
Classification algorithms
Machine learning algorithms
Regression analysis

Radial basis function network


Abbotsham Road railway station was a small railway station on the independent Bideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway in the English county of Devon. It lay 2 miles and 50 chains from Bideford Quay.

History
Previously named Mudcott, the station was in open countryside at the Mudcott Road level crossing. It was known as Mudcott Passing Loop until the passenger platforms were brought into use.

Infrastructure
It had a passing loop, two wooden platforms and what appears to have been a ticket office-cum-signal box hut. No freight facilities were provided. The signal box was probably connected by phone to the signal boxes at Bideford Yard and The Causeway.

Christie records that the railway company had built a path to allow volunteers from the local militia in Bideford to walk to their nearby rifle range and that this was "a pretty station in the midst of trees."

See also
Appledore station
Northam station
Westward Ho! railway station

References

Sources

External links
Outline history of the railway

Disused railway stations in Devon
Former Bideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1901
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Torridge District

Abbotsham Road railway station


Mario Marcelino is an American actor, possibly best known for his role as Mario Nunouz in the television soap opera Falcon Crest.

He has also appeared in Knight Rider, Airwolf and the film Star Trek III: The Search for Spock.

A 1984 episode, "Race for Life", of Knight Rider was dedicated to his son who died during filming.

Filmography

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male soap opera actors

Mario Marcelino


Bridges Creek is a stream in southeast Ozark County in the Ozarks of southern Missouri. It is a tributary of the North Fork River.

The stream begins at the junction of North Bridges Creek with South Bridges Creek. The north branch has headwaters in Howell County just west of Caulfield and south of U. S. Route 160 and it flows southwest into Ozark County and past Elijah. South Bridges Creek also starts in Howell County to the south of Caulfield adjacent to Missouri Route 101 and flows southwest to the junction. The two streams are each about five miles in length. Bridges Creek flows southwest from the junction and enters Norfork Lake about two miles south of Tecumseh and just north of Udall.

Bridges Creek has the name of one Mr. Bridge, a pioneer citizen.

See also
List of rivers of Missouri

References

Rivers of Ozark County, Missouri
Rivers of Missouri

Bridges Creek


The 1992 Freedom Bowl was a postseason college football bowl game between the USC Trojans of the Pacific-10 Conference and the Fresno State Bulldogs of the Western Athletic Conference. It is widely considered the biggest win in Fresno State football history.

Game summary
Fresno State, led by future Super Bowl champion Trent Dilfer fell to an early deficit with a USC touchdown. The Bulldogs quickly responded with a Lorenzo Neal touchdown and a Derek Mahoney field goal in the second quarter. in the second half, two more bulldog touchdowns sealed a victory for Fresno State. The Bulldogs had 241 rushing yards, 164 passing yards, 24 first downs, and over 15 minutes of possession time more than USC. The Trojans had 88 rushing yards, 95 passing yards, and only 14 first downs.

References

Freedom Bowl
Freedom Bowl
Fresno State Bulldogs football bowl games
USC Trojans football bowl games
Freedom Bowl
December 1992 sports events in the United States

1992 Freedom Bowl


"The Impossible Dream (The Quest)" is a popular song composed by Mitch Leigh, with lyrics written by Joe Darion. The song is the most popular song from the 1965 Broadway musical Man of La Mancha and is also featured in the 1972 film of the same name starring Peter O'Toole.

The complete song is first sung by Don Quixote as he stands vigil over his armor, in response to Aldonza (Dulcinea)'s question about what he means by "following the quest". It is reprised partially three more times – the last by prisoners in a dungeon as Miguel de Cervantes and his manservant mount the drawbridge-like prison staircase to face trial by the Spanish Inquisition.

A version recorded by Jack Jones peaked at No. 35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and reached No. 1 on the Easy Listening chart.

Leigh received the Contemporary Classics Award from the Songwriter's Hall of Fame for the song.

Notable renditions

1965: Richard Kiley on the original Broadway cast album of Man of La Mancha
1966: Jack Jones (with altered lyrics) on his album The Impossible Dream; this version hit No. 35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and went to No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary chart
1966: Ed Ames on  his album More I Cannot Wish You
1966: Frank Sinatra on his album That's Life
1966: Jim Nabors on his album Love Me With All Your Heart, and performed in the 1967 Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. episode "The Show Must Go On"
1967: The Temptations on the album The Temptations in a Mellow Mood.
1967: Shirley Bassey on her album And We Were Lovers
1967: Robert Goulet on his album More Great Songs From the Big Hit Shows: Robert Goulet On Broadway, Volume 2
1967: Matt Monro on his album Invitation to Broadway
1967: Brazilian singer Ronaldo Reys did a Portuguese translation titled Sonho Impossível, which was later covered by several Brazilian artists
1968: Diana Ross & the Supremes, and The Temptations preformed the song together to end their television special. This is also featured on album Diana Ross & the Supremes Join the Temptations.
1968: Roger Williams on his album More Than a Miracle
1968: The Hesitations on their album Where We're At!
1968: The Imperials on their album New Dimensions
1968: Andre Kostelanetz on his album For the Young at Heart
1968: Jacques Brel (in the French translation titled ("La Quête") on his album L'Homme de la Mancha
1968: The Vogues on their album Turn Around, Look at Me
1968: Glen Campbell on his album Hey Little One
1968: Andy Williams on his album Honey
1968: Cher on her album Backstage
1968: The Smothers Brothers on their album Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
1968: Sergio Franchi on his album Wine and Song
1969: Sammy Davis, Jr. on his album The Goin's Great
1969: Roger Whittaker on his album This is Roger Whittaker
1969: Scott Walker on his album Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his TV Series
1969: Liberace on his album I Play Piano and Sing (Volume Two)
1969: Shani Wallis on her album As Long as He Needs Me
1970: Roberta Flack on her album Chapter Two
1970: Tom Jones on his album TOM
1970: Harry Secombe on his album "A Man And His Dreams"
1971: Malcolm Roberts on his album Sounds Like Malcolm Roberts
1972: Elvis Presley on his album Elvis as Recorded at Madison Square Garden
1972: The Mormon Tabernacle Choir and the Columbia Symphony Orchestra on the album Climb Every Mountain
1974: Ken Boothe on his album Everything I Own
1974: The Sensational Alex Harvey Band on their album The Impossible Dream
1974: Maria Bethânia in the Brazilian translation titled "Sonho Impossível" her album A Cena Muda
1984: Albertina Walker and the Christ Universal Temple Ensemble on the album The Impossible Dream
1989: Colm Wilkinson on his album Stage Heroes
1989: Scott Bakula as Sam Beckett in the Quantum Leap episode "Catch a Falling Star"
1992 General Craig, USMC (played by Jon Cypher), on Major Dad TV show S2E22.
1992: Carter USM on their album 1992 – The Love Album
1994: Luther Vandross on his album Songs
1995: Roger Whittaker on his album On Broadway
1996: Tevin Campbell on the compilation album Rhythm of the Games: 1996 Olympic Games Album
2000: José Carreras on the compilation album Tonight - Hits from the Musicals
2001: Florence Ballard on her album The Supreme Florence Ballard
2002: Brian Stokes Mitchell on the Broadway revival cast album of Man of La Mancha
2003: Linda Eder on her album Broadway My Way
2005: Aretha Franklin performed the song at the funeral of civil rights activist Rosa Parks
2006: Andy Abraham on his debut album The Impossible Dream
2006: Johnny Hallyday in the French translation titled La Quête on the live albums Flashback Tour : Palais des sports 2006 and La Cigale : 12-17 décembre 2006
2007: Christopher Lee on his album Revelation
2007: Sarah Connor on her album Soulicious
2007: Jed Madela on his album Only Human
2008: Rhydian Roberts on his debut album Rhydian
2009: The Mighty Mighty Bosstones recorded for the 7" Impossible Dream
2009: The Republic Tigers on the iTunes tribute album His Way, Our Way
2009: Jennifer Hudson on tribute to Muhammad Ali — the recipient of the NAACP President's Award
2010: Alfie Boe on his album Bring Him Home, duet with Matt Lucas
2011: Jackie Evancho on her album Dream With Me Deluxe edition
2014: Susan Boyle on her album Hope
2014: Christopher Lee on his album Metal Knight
2015: Christina Bianco as Miss Wyoming, Mindy Maloney in the TV movie Signed, Sealed, Delivered:The Impossible Dream
2015: Gerphil Flores sang the operatic version of the song as a contest piece for the grand finals of the inaugural season of Asia's Got Talent which put her on third place
2016: Ramon Jacinto on his first ballad album Romancing RJ
2016: Cynthia Erivo performed the song at the 2016 Kennedy Center Honors
2017: Jason Manford on his debut album A Different Stage
2020: Josh Groban on his album Harmony

In politics
During Robert F. Kennedy's long shot campaign for the presidency in 1968, Senator George McGovern introduced him before a South Dakota stump speech by quoting from "The Impossible Dream". Afterwards Kennedy questioned McGovern whether he really thought it was impossible. McGovern replied, "No, I don't think it's impossible. I just... wanted the audience to understand it's worth making the effort, whether you win or lose." Kennedy replied, "Well, that's what I think." It was actually Robert Kennedy's favorite song. One of Kennedy's close friends, Andy Williams, was one of many vocal artists of the Sixties that recorded the song. The song was also a favorite of younger brother Ted Kennedy and was performed by Brian Stokes Mitchell at his memorial service in 2009.

The song was a favorite of Philippine hero Evelio Javier, the assassinated governor of the province of  Antique in the Philippines, and the song has become a symbol of his sacrifice for democracy.  Javier was shot and killed in the plaza of San Jose, Antique, during the counting following the 1986 Snap Elections, an act which contributed to the peaceful overthrow of Ferdinand Marcos by Cory Aquino in the People Power Revolution. Every year, Javier is remembered on Evelio Javier Day and the song is featured. The song's lyrics are written in brass on a monument in the plaza where he was shot.

Baseball
The 1967 Red Sox were baseball's big surprise that season. Coming off nine straight years of finishing ninth or tenth in the American League, they surprised the baseball world, under rookie manager Dick Williams, by winning the American League pennant, before losing by one run to the St. Louis Cardinals in the ninth inning of Game Seven of the World Series. During that season, the Red Sox became known as "The Impossible Dream Red Sox", and have been known as such ever since.

See also
 List of Billboard Easy Listening number ones of 1966

References

Further reading

1965 songs
1966 singles
Jack Jones (singer) songs
Songs about dreams
Songs from musicals
Music based on Don Quixote

The Impossible Dream (The Quest)


North Brother, also known as Île du Nord, is a round 6 ha coral island on the Great Chagos Bank atoll of the Chagos Archipelago in the British Indian Ocean Territory.  It is one of the three islands in the Three Brothers group on the western side of the atoll, and forms part of the Chagos Archipelago strict nature reserve.  It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of its significance as a breeding site for 20,000 seabirds, notably Audubon's shearwaters of which 420 pairs were recorded in a 2004 survey.

References

Important Bird Areas of the British Indian Ocean Territory
Seabird colonies
Chagos Archipelago
Nature reserves

North Brother (Chagos Bank)


Palm wine, wey get bunch local names, be alcoholic beverage wey dem de create from the sap of various species of palm tree such as the palmyra, date palms, den coconut palms. Eget bunch names for different regions insyd wey esana be common for various parts of Africa, the Caribbean, South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Micronesia.

Palm wine wey smallholders den individual farmers dey produce go fit promote conservation sekof palm trees go become a source of regular household income wey go be economically worth more than the value of timber wey dem dey shoot.

References

Palm wine


Delphinium grandiflorum is a species of Delphinium known by the common names Siberian larkspur and Chinese Delphinium. It is native to Russia and China. There are several popular cultivars in several colours which are grown as ornamental plants, including 'Blue Butterfly', 'Summer Morning', 'Blue Mirror', and 'Summer Stars'. Like many other larkspurs, this plant is poisonous. It is much shorter and more compact than the more familiar tall D. elatum, with dispersed flowers, rather than single spikes.

It is a short-lived perennial that is suggested to be treated like an annual in many cases due to its unpredictability in terms of returning the next season. It readily provides seed pods for reseeding, although allowing it to go to seed hastens the end of its flowering. This species is commonly considered to have the most intense blue flowers of all species in its genus, although that depends on the particular variety, the particular plant, the freshness of the blossom, and the growing conditions. In sunlight the flowers can appear to glow or look fluorescent due to the intensity of the blue pigment.

Plants are available with the following colors: deep blue, medium blue, pale blue, white, and light pale pink. There are no lavender varieties, unlike with rocket larkspur (D. ajacis or consolida) and elatum plants. Unlike those two species, this one is typically purchased by gardeners from nurseries rather than grown from seed, unless the gardener already has plants and collects seed or lets the plant reseed. Rocket larkspur seed is much less expensive and spike-type delphinium seed is more widespread for purchase. Nursery-grown grandiflorum plants are readily available in the United States and can be found at stores such as Walmart and Lowe's.  Dwarf and normal height varieties are available but even the normal height plants are short when compared to the cultivated spike-type delphiniums.

References

External links
Kemper Garden Center
Perennial Resources

grandiflorum
Garden plants
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Delphinium grandiflorum


Elaine Forbes is the Director of the Port of San Francisco. In October 2016, the mayor of San Francisco appointed her to that job. In the whole United States there are only twelve female Port Directors.

Childhood and Family
Born in San Francisco, Forbes is the great grandchild of a Port worked. Her parents met in high school but divorced when she was three. Forbes lived with her mother. She admired her mother very much because she was a hard worker. She went to public school. Forbes liked singing. She was a member of the San Francisco Girls Chorus.

Because it was the 1970s, Forbes experienced hippie culture. She participated in the Civil Rights Movement and lived in a commune in the Haight Ashbury neighborhood of the city. Because she lived in a commune, she looked forward to having her own apartment when she grew up. Her mother died when Forbes was 19.

Now Forbes lives in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood with her partner, Angela Calvillo, and their dogs.

Education
Forbes went to Skyline Community College and Mills College. She went to graduate school at University of California, Los Angeles to study Community and Economic Development.

Career
Forbes had many jobs in non-profit land use and development. She was a planner for the city of Oakland, CA, USA. She then was an executive manager for the City of San Francisco's planning department and the San Francisco International Airport. She was a policy advisor for the city of San Francisco's budget office. In 2010 she started working at the Port of San Francisco as the Deputy Director for Finance and Administration.

References

Living people
People from California
Year of birth missing (living people)

Elaine Forbes