Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant medication of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Studies have shown that Venlafaxine improves quality of life. It may also be used for chronic pain. It is taken by mouth. It is also available as the salt venlafaxine besylate in an extended-release formulation (Venbysi XR).

Common side effects include loss of appetite, constipation, dry mouth, dizziness, sweating, insomnia, drowsiness and sexual problems. Severe side effects include an increased risk of suicide, mania, and serotonin syndrome. Antidepressant withdrawal syndrome may occur if stopped. There are concerns that use during the later part of pregnancy can harm the baby. How it works is not entirely clear, but it seems to be related to the potentiation of the activity of some neurotransmitters in the brain.

Venlafaxine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1993. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 43rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 15million prescriptions.

Medical uses
Venlafaxine is used primarily for the treatment of depression, general anxiety disorder, social phobia, panic disorder, and vasomotor symptoms.

Venlafaxine has been used off label for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and migraine prevention. It may work on pain via effects on the opioid receptor. It has also been found to reduce the severity of 'hot flashes' in menopausal women and men on hormonal therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Due to its action on both the serotoninergic and adrenergic systems, venlafaxine is also used as a treatment to reduce episodes of cataplexy, a form of muscle weakness, in patients with the sleep disorder narcolepsy. Some open-label and three double-blind studies have suggested the efficacy of venlafaxine in the treatment of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Clinical trials have found possible efficacy in those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Case reports, open trials and blinded comparisons with established medications have suggested the efficacy of venlafaxine in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Depression
A comparative meta-analysis of 21 major antidepressants found that venlafaxine, agomelatine, amitriptyline, escitalopram, mirtazapine, paroxetine, and vortioxetine were more effective than other antidepressants, although the quality of many comparisons was assessed as low or very low.

Venlafaxine was similar in efficacy to the atypical antidepressant bupropion; however, the remission rate was lower for venlafaxine. In a double-blind study, patients who did not respond to an SSRI were switched to either venlafaxine or another SSRI (citalopram); similar improvement was observed in both groups.

Studies have not established its efficacy for use by children. In children and adolescents with depression, venlafaxine increases the risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts.

Higher doses (e.g. 225 mg and 375 mg per day) of venlafaxine are more effective than lower doses (e.g. 75 mg per day), but also cause more side effects.

Studies have shown that the extended release is superior to the immediate release form of venlafaxine.

A meta-analysis has shown that efficacy of venlafaxine is not correlated with baseline severity of depression.

Contraindications
Venlafaxine is not recommended in patients hypersensitive to it, nor should it be taken by anyone who is allergic to the inactive ingredients, which include gelatin, cellulose, ethylcellulose, iron oxide, titanium dioxide and hypromellose. It should not be used in conjunction with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), as it can cause potentially fatal serotonin syndrome. Venlafaxine might interact with tramadol or other opioids, trazodone, so caution is needed while mixing multiple serotonergic agents together.

Adverse effects

Venlafaxine can increase eye pressure, so those with glaucoma may require more frequent eye checks.

A 2017 meta-analysis estimated venlafaxine discontinuation rate to 9.4%.

Suicide
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires all antidepressants, including venlafaxine, to carry a black box warning with a generic warning about a possible suicide risk.

A 2014 meta analysis of 21 clinical trials of venlafaxine for the treatment of depression in adults found that compared to placebo, venlafaxine reduced the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior.

A study conducted in Finland followed more than 15,000 patients for 3.4 years. Venlafaxine increased suicide risk by 60% (statistically significant), as compared to no treatment. At the same time, fluoxetine (Prozac) halved the suicide risk.

In another study, the data on more than 200,000 cases were obtained from the UK general practice research database. At baseline, patients prescribed venlafaxine had a greater number of risk factors for suicide (such as prior suicide attempts) than patients treated with other anti-depressants. The patients taking venlafaxine had significantly higher risk of suicide than the ones on fluoxetine or citalopram (Celexa).  After adjusting for known risk factors, venlafaxine was associated with an increased risk of suicide relative to fluoxetine and dothiepin that was not statistically significant. A statistically significant greater risk for attempted suicide remained after adjustment, but the authors concluded that it could be due to residual confounding. The study was sponsored by Wyeth, which produces and markets venlafaxine.

An analysis of clinical trials by the FDA statisticians showed the incidence of suicidal behaviour among the adults on venlafaxine to be not significantly different from fluoxetine or placebo.

Venlafaxine is contraindicated in children, adolescents and young adults. In children and adolescents with depression, venlafaxine increases the risk of suicidal thoughts or attempts.

Serotonin syndrome
The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome (also classified as "serotonin toxicity") may occur with venlafaxine treatment, particularly with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs, including but not limited to SSRIs and SNRIs, many hallucinogens such as tryptamines and phenethylamines (e.g., LSD/LSA, DMT, MDMA, mescaline), dextromethorphan (DXM), tramadol, tapentadol, pethidine (meperidine) and triptans and with drugs that impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs) . Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g. agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g. tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g. hyperreflexia, incoordination) or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Venlafaxine-induced serotonin syndrome has also been reported when venlafaxine has been taken in isolation in overdose. An abortive serotonin syndrome state, in which some but not all of the symptoms of the full serotonin syndrome are present, has been reported with venlafaxine at mid-range dosages (150 mg per day). A case of a patient with serotonin syndrome induced by low-dose venlafaxine (37.5 mg per day) has also been reported.

Pregnancy
There are few well-controlled studies of venlafaxine in pregnant women. A study released in May 2010 by the Canadian Medical Association Journal suggests use of venlafaxine doubles the risk of miscarriage. Consequently, venlafaxine should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed. A large case-control study done as part of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and published in 2012 found a significant association of venlafaxine use during pregnancy and several birth defects including anencephaly, cleft palate, septal heart defects and coarctation of the aorta. Prospective studies have not shown any statistically significant congenital malformations. There have, however, been some reports of self-limiting effects on newborn infants. As with other serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), these effects are generally short-lived, lasting only 3 to 5 days, and rarely resulting in severe complications.

Drug interactions
Venlafaxine should be taken with caution when using St John's wort. Venlafaxine may lower the seizure threshold, and coadministration with other drugs that lower the seizure threshold such as bupropion and tramadol should be done with caution and at low doses.

Bipolar disorder
According to the ISBD Task Force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorder, during the course of treatment for depression with those suffering from bipolar I and II, venlafaxine "appears to carry a particularly high risk of inducing pathologically elevated states of mood and behavior." Because venlafaxine appears to be more likely than SSRIs and bupropion to induce mania and mixed episodes in these patients, provider discretion is advised through "carefully evaluating individual clinical cases and circumstances."

Liver injury
A rare but serious side effect of venlafaxine is liver injury. It appears to affect both male and female patients with a median age of 44. Cessation of venlafaxine is one of the appropriate measures of management. While the mechanism of venlafaxine-related liver injury remains unclear, findings suggest that it may be related to a CYP2D6 polymorphism.

Other

In rare cases, drug-induced akathisia can occur after use in some people.

Venlafaxine should be used with caution in hypertensive patients. Venlafaxine must be discontinued if significant hypertension persists. It can also have undesirable cardiovascular effects.

Overdose
Most patients overdosing with venlafaxine develop only mild symptoms. Plasma venlafaxine concentrations in overdose survivors have ranged from 6 to 24 mg/L, while postmortem blood levels in fatalities are often in the 10–90 mg/L range.  Published retrospective studies report that venlafaxine overdosage may be associated with an increased risk of fatal outcome compared to that observed with SSRI antidepressant products, but lower than that for tricyclic antidepressants. Healthcare professionals are advised to prescribe Effexor and Effexor XR in the smallest quantity of capsules consistent with good patient management to reduce the risk of overdose. It is usually reserved as a second-line treatment for depression due to a combination of its superior efficacy to the first-line treatments like fluoxetine, paroxetine and citalopram and greater frequency of side effects like nausea, headache, insomnia, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, sexual dysfunction, sweating and nervousness.

There is no specific antidote for venlafaxine, and management is generally supportive, providing treatment for the immediate symptoms. Administration of activated charcoal can prevent absorption of the drug. Monitoring of cardiac rhythm and vital signs is indicated. Seizures are managed with benzodiazepines or other anticonvulsants. Forced diuresis, hemodialysis, exchange transfusion, or hemoperfusion are unlikely to be of benefit in hastening the removal of venlafaxine, due to the drug's high volume of distribution.

Withdrawal syndrome

People stopping venlafaxine commonly experience SSRI withdrawal symptoms such as dysphoria, headaches, nausea, irritability, emotional lability, sensation of electric shocks, and sleep disturbance. Venlafaxine has a higher rate of moderate to severe withdrawal symptoms relative to other antidepressants (similar to the SSRI paroxetine).

The higher risk and increased severity of withdrawal symptoms relative to other antidepressants may be related to the short half-life of venlafaxine and its active metabolite. After stopping venlafaxine, the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine decrease, leading to the hypothesis that the withdrawal symptoms could result from an overly rapid reduction of neurotransmitter levels.

Mechanism of action

Pharmacology

Venlafaxine is usually categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), but it has also been referred to as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).  It is described as 'synthetic phenethylamine bicyclic derivative with antidepressant activity'. It works by blocking the transporter "reuptake" proteins for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitters in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin and norepinephrine. Additionally, in high doses it weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine, since dopamine is inactivated by norepinephrine reuptake in the frontal cortex. The frontal cortex largely lacks dopamine transporters; therefore venlafaxine can increase dopamine neurotransmission in this part of the brain.

Venlafaxine selectively inhibits the serotonin transporter at lower doses, but at a dose of 225 mg per day it additionally blocks the norepinephrine transporter.

Venlafaxine indirectly affects opioid receptors as well as the α2-adrenergic receptor, and was shown to increase pain threshold in mice. These benefits with respect to pain were reversed with naloxone, an opioid antagonist, thus supporting an opioid mechanism.

Pharmacokinetics
Venlafaxine is well absorbed, with at least 92% of an oral dose being absorbed into systemic circulation. It is extensively metabolized in the liver via the CYP2D6 isoenzyme to desvenlafaxine (O-desmethylvenlafaxine, now marketed as a separate medication named Pristiq), which is just as potent an SNRI as the parent compound, meaning that the differences in metabolism between extensive and poor metabolisers are not clinically important in terms of efficacy. Side effects, however, are reported to be more severe in CYP2D6 poor metabolisers. Steady-state concentrations of venlafaxine and its metabolite are attained in the blood within 3 days. Therapeutic effects are usually achieved within 3 to 4 weeks. No accumulation of venlafaxine has been observed during chronic administration in healthy subjects. The primary route of excretion of venlafaxine and its metabolites is via the kidneys. The half-life of venlafaxine is relatively short, so patients are directed to adhere to a strict medication routine, avoiding missing a dose. Even a single missed dose can result in withdrawal symptoms.

Venlafaxine is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which pumps it out of the brain. The gene encoding P-gp, ABCB1, has the SNP rs2032583, with alleles C and T. The majority of people (about 70% of Europeans and 90% of East Asians) have the TT variant. A 2007 study found that carriers of at least one C allele (variant CC or CT) are 7.72 times more likely than non-carriers to achieve remission after 4 weeks of treatment with amitriptyline, citalopram, paroxetine or venlafaxine (all P-gp substrates). The study included patients with mood disorders other than major depression, such as bipolar II; the ratio is 9.4 if these other disorders are excluded. At the 6-week mark, 75% of C-carriers had remitted, compared to only 38% of non-carriers.

Chemistry
The IUPAC name of venlafaxine is 1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4 methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol, though it is sometimes referred to as (±)-1-[a-[a-(dimethylamino)methyl]-p-methoxybenzyl]cyclohexanol.  It consists of two enantiomers present in equal quantities (termed a racemic mixture), both of which have the empirical formula of C17H27NO2. It is usually sold as a mixture of the respective hydrochloride salts, (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4 methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol hydrochloride, C17H28ClNO2, which is a white to off-white crystalline solid. Venlafaxine is structurally and pharmacologically related to the atypical opioid analgesic tramadol, and more distantly to the newly released opioid tapentadol, but not to any of the conventional antidepressant drugs, including tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, MAOIs, or RIMAs.

Venlafaxine extended release is chemically the same as normal venlafaxine. The extended release (controlled release) version distributes the release of the drug into the gastrointestinal tract over a longer period than normal venlafaxine. This results in a lower peak plasma concentration. Studies have shown that the extended release formula has a lower incidence of nausea as a side effect, resulting in better compliance.

Recreational use
Venlafaxine can be abused as recreational drug, with damages that can manifest within a month. Hard data regarding prevalence of abuse are not easy to find.
Abusers reported usage of extremely high dosage, 5 to 10 times of acceptable clinical dosage. The adverse side effects were strong cases of the listed side effects. As standard measure treatment is to be supervised by a doctor with relevant education, such as neurologist or psychiatrist.

Society and culture

Venlafaxine was originally marketed as Effexor in most of the world; generic venlafaxine has been available since around 2008 and extended release venlafaxine has been available since around 2010.

As of January 2020, venlafaxine is marketed under many brand names worldwide, many with alternative extended release forms (not shown): Adefaxin, Alenthus, Altven, Alventa, Amfax, Anapresin, Ansifix, Arafaxina, Argofan, Arrow Venlafaxine, Axone, Axyven, Benolaxe, Blossom, Calmdown, Dalium, Defaxine, Depefex, Depretaxer, Deprevix, Deprexor, Deprixol, Depurol, Desinax, Dislaven, Dobupal, Duofaxin, Easyfor, Ectien, Eduxon, Efastad, Efaxin, Efaxine, Efectin, Efegen, Efevelon, Efevelone, Efexiva, Efexor, Effegad, Effexine, Effexor, Elafax, Elaxine, Elify, Enpress, Enlafax, Envelaf, Falven, Faxigen, Faxine, Faxiprol, Faxiven, Faxolet, Flavix, Flaxen, Fobiless, Ganavax, Idixor, Idoxen, Intefred, Illovex, Lafactin, Lafaxin, Lanvexin, Laroxin, Levest, Limbic, Linexel, Maxibral, Mazda, Melocin, Memomax, Mezine, Neoxacina, Neoxacina, Nervix, Norafexine, Norezor, Norpilen, Noviser, Nulev, Odiven, Olwexya, Oriven, Paxifar, Politid, Pracet, Prefaxine, Psiseven, Quilarex, Rafax, Senexon, Sentidol, Sentosa, Serosmine, Seroxine, Sesaren, Subelan, Sulinex, Sunveniz, Sunvex, Symfaxin, Tedema, Tifaxin, Tonpular, Trevilor, Tudor, Vafexin, Valosine, Vandral, Velaf, Velafax, Velahibin, Velaxin, Velaxor, Velept, Velpine, Venax, Venaxin, Venaxx, Vencarm, Vencontrol, Vendep, Venegis, Venex, Venexor, Venfalex, Venfax, Ven-Fax, Venfaxine, Venforin, Venforspine, Veniba, Veniz, Venjoy, Venla, Venlabax, Venlablue, Venlabrain, Venladep, Venladex, Venladoz, Venlaf, Venlafab, Venlafaxin, Venlafaxina, Venlafaxine, Venlagamma, Venlalic, Venlamax, Venlamylan, Venlaneo, Venlapine, Venla-Q, Venlasand, Venlatrin, Venlavitae, Venlax, Venlaxin, Venlaxine, Venlaxor, Venlazid, Venlectine, Venlifax, Venlift, Venlix, Venlobax, Venlofex, Venlor, Venorion, Venozap, Vensate, Ventab, Venxin, Venxor, Vextor, Venzip, Vexamode, Vfax, Viepax, ViePax, Voxafen, Zacalen, Zanfexa, Zaredrop, Zarelis, Zarelix, and Zenexor.

The Depressive Suicidal Black Metal band "Intig", consequently made by the same developers of Cry of Fear (a well-known video-game that showcases the severe effects of depression and irrational recreational use of medical drugs), has a song titled C17H27NO2.

Veterinary effects
Veterinary overdose in dogs is very well treated by Cyproheptadine HCl.

Venlafaxine is highly toxic to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta phytoplankton. Cats are drawn to the smell of Venlafaxine and tend to ingest the pills, which is highly toxic to them.

References

Further reading

External links

Antidepressants
CYP2D6 inhibitors
Dimethylamino compounds
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Pfizer brands
Phenethylamines
Phenol ethers
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Sigma agonists
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Tertiary alcohols
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Methoxy compounds

Venlafaxine


The Los Angeles Convention Center is a convention center in the southwest section of downtown Los Angeles. It hosts multiple annual conventions and has often been used as a filming location in TV shows and movies.

History

The convention center, designed by architect Charles Luckman, opened in 1971 and expanded in 1981, 1993 and 1997. It was originally built as a rectangular building, between Pico Boulevard and 11th Street (now Chick Hearn Ct.) on Figueroa Street. The northeast portion of the center was demolished in 1997 to make way for the Staples Center. The Convention Center Annex of green glass and white steel frames, mainly on the south side of Pico, was designed by architect James Ingo Freed.

The area in front of the convention center is known as the Gilbert Lindsay Plaza, named for the late councilman who represented the Downtown area of Los Angeles for several years. A -high monument honoring "The Emperor of the Great 9th District" was unveiled in 1995.  The drive between Figueroa Street and the convention center building is also named after Councilman Lindsay.

On March 1, 1983, a tornado caused damages to the roof and upper-level panels. The building was repaired and new convention center lettering signs were installed at a total cost of $3 million.

On September 15, 2008, the convention center became the first in the U.S. and first Los Angeles City building of its age and size in the U.S. to be Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified for Existing Buildings from the United States Green Building Council.

In 2013, the Los Angeles City Council voted to let Anschutz Entertainment Group manage the convention center.

Events
The convention center hosts annual events such as the Los Angeles Auto Show, the Abilities Expo, the Anime Expo, and is best known to video game fans as host to the Electronic Entertainment Expo, also known as E3.

Grammy Week
During the week leading up to the annual Grammy Awards, the convention center typically hosts several Grammy week events. Since 2005, the convention center has hosted the MusiCares Person of the Year tribute, which takes place two days prior to the Grammy Awards.

It also hosted the pre-telecast portion of the Grammy Awards (preceding the main telecast at the Crypto.com Arena) until 2013, when the pre-telecast was moved to the Nokia Theatre (now the Microsoft Theater).

The 2021 awards were held in and around the convention center, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emmy Week
Following the annual Primetime Emmy Awards ceremony, the convention center hosts the Governors Ball, one of the major Emmy after-parties.

2028 Summer Olympics
During the 2028 Summer Olympics, the convention center will host six sports. It will host Women's basketball preliminary games, Boxing, Fencing, Taekwondo, Table Tennis and BMX Freestyle. It will be a part of the Live Site Olympic Zone down Figueroa St. Boxing might not be included at the 2028 games if the IOC decides to drop the sport from the Olympic sport program.

Features

The convention center is one of the largest convention centers in the United States with over  of exhibition space,  of meeting space,  of parking, and a 299-seat theater.

The lobby floors in the north half of the building feature two large  multicolor maps of inlaid terrazzo. The project was installed by artist Alexis Smith in 1993. A map of the world centered on the Pacific Rim covers the entire floor of the main lobby, while a map of the constellations around the north celestial pole covers the floor of the upstairs lobby.
 South Hall (Tom Bradley (Mayor) Exhibit Hall, )
 Kentia Hall (beneath South Exhibit Hall, can be converted into a 415-car parking garage)
 West Hall (Sam Yorty (Mayor) Exhibit Hall, )
 Neil Petree Hall
 Concourse (two-story meeting room bridging over Pico Boulevard)
 3 food courts
 On-site parking for 5,600 vehicles including electrical charge stations

Expansion proposals
In 2010, the Anschutz Entertainment Group and businessman Casey Wasserman proposed construction of Farmers Field, a US$1 billion combination football stadium and convention center, meant to attract the return of a National Football League (NFL) team to the Los Angeles area. The development proposal was abandoned in March 2015.

A new proposal was developed in 2015, approved by city hall and a design team was chosen.  A new convention hall, called "LACOEX", would be built, with a connection to the south hall.

See also

 William M. Hughes, Los Angeles City Council member, 1927–1929, urged conventions to come to Los Angeles
 List of convention centers in the United States

References

External links
Los Angeles Convention Center website

1971 establishments in California
Commercial buildings completed in 1971
Convention centers in California
Buildings and structures in Downtown Los Angeles
Multi-purpose stadiums in the United States
South Park (Downtown Los Angeles)
Charles Luckman buildings
Venues of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Olympic basketball venues
Olympic boxing venues
Olympic table tennis venues
Olympic cycling venues
Olympic fencing venues
Olympic taekwondo venues

Los Angeles Convention Center


IBM was a 2009 project using the resources developed in 2007's IBM/Google Cloud Computing partnership. This initiative was to provide access to cloud computing for the universities of all countries.

This initiative was funded by the National Science Foundation awarding $5 million in grants to 14 universities, including Kyushu University, University of Washington, Carnegie Mellon University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The goal of this initiative was to enhance university curricula in parallel programming techniques and to promote cloud computing research and development.

With funding help from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the cloud computing initiative provided assistance to hundreds of university scientists working on research projects.

By 2011, Google and IBM were completing the program since high-performance cloud computing clusters had become widely available to researchers at reasonable costs.

References

Further reading

Cloud platforms
Google
IBM cloud services

IBM/Google Cloud Computing University Initiative


Drewe Oliver Broughton (born 25 October 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. He made over 540 senior appearances for 21 different clubs, scoring 116 goals, in a career spanning 17 years.

Career

Earlier years
Broughton was born in Hitchin, Hertfordshire. He began his career as a trainee with Norwich City in 1996, where he made nine appearances scoring once against Wolverhampton Wanderers, and had a one-month loan spell at Wigan Athletic, in two seasons. He joined Brentford in October 1998 for a transfer fee of £100,000 and was sold within a month for the same fee to Peterborough United. He stayed at Peterborough for just over two years, making 35 league appearances and scoring eight goals.

Kidderminster
After spells on loan at non-League Nuneaton Borough, Dagenham & Redbridge and Stevenage Borough during the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons, Broughton joined Kidderminster Harriers on a one-month loan in January 2001 and then joined Kidderminster on a permanent basis in February 2001. He made over 100 league appearances for Kidderminster, scoring 19 goals, before joining Southend United in June 2003 on a two-year contract after being released by Kidderminster on a free transfer.

Southend, Rushden and Chester
At Southend, he proved a success in their run in the 2003–04 Football League Trophy. With Broughton scoring once against Luton Town and twice against QPR in earlier rounds, Southend faced Essex rivals Colchester United in the Area Final. In the first leg, he scored but was later sent off as the Shrimpers won 3–2. In the second leg, Broughton scored the winning aggregate goal, his fifth of the competition that season, to put Southend United in to the first National Final of their then 98-year history. Broughton played the full 90 minutes as they lost the overall final to Blackpool. However overall he did not feature regularly in the first team at Southend and joined Rushden & Diamonds on loan in October 2004, where he scored five goals in ten appearances, and then Wycombe Wanderers, before joining Rushden & Diamonds permanently in February 2005, where he made 51 appearances in all competitions in two seasons. Despite Broughton scoring ten goals in the 2005–06 season, Rushden were relegated to the Conference National following their defeat at Boston United in April 2006.
Broughton joined Chester City on a two-year contract in June 2006. He made only 14 league appearances for Chester, and in October 2006, he joined Boston United on loan in October 2006 for the rest of the 2006–07 season, where he scored eight goals in 25 league appearances, but was unable to prevent Boston from being relegated from the Football League.

Milton Keynes Dons
Broughton was released by Chester upon his return, and joined Milton Keynes Dons in July 2007 after impressing during a one-week trial at the club. He scored his first and what turned out to be only goal for the club against Sheffield United in the League Cup. After starting just six times for MK Dons, he joined Wrexham on a one-month loan in January 2008. When his loan spell ended, he played in their Football League Trophy semi final win over Swansea City in February 2008 and scored the final penalty in a 5–4 penalty shootout that sent them to Wembley for the final, which his teammates went on to win in his absence. He then returned to Wrexham for a second loan spell, and scored two goals in 16 appearances for Wrexham before being released in April 2008. He was also released by MK Dons at the end of the 2007–08 season. Broughton joined Rotherham United on a short-term contract in August 2008. This was then extended to a one-year contract. He got his first Rotherham United goal in the 3–1 victory over Championship side Southampton.

Lincoln City
After a loan spell during the 09/10 season with Lincoln City, Broughton joined permanently in June 2010. On 18 February 2011 Broughton signed on loan for Conference National club AFC Wimbledon, causing some controversy due to his time spent with Milton Keynes Dons. On 19 February, Broughton scored on his debut after coming on as a substitute in a 5–2 away victory against Tamworth. His second goal for the club came a week later in a 4–1 home victory over Altrincham. He was recalled by Lincoln on 1 April due to injuries to strikers Delroy Facey and Ashley Grimes

In May 2011, he was not offered a new contract after a mass clear out of players following the club's relegation from the Football League. After being released, Broughton went on trial at Luton Town scoring two goals in a 4–2 victory over Hitchin Town in a pre-season friendly.

Return to non-League
On 8 September 2011, he joined Alfreton Town as a free agent, having been without a club since being released by Lincoln City. He had shaken off a minor hamstring injury which saw him have to be substituted during two run-outs in pre-season friendlies with Alfreton (against Sheffield United and Matlock Town). He debuted for the club in their 3–1 Conference defeat at his former club Kidderminster Harriers on 17 September 2011, scoring a 31st-minute penalty before attracting attention for an alleged elbow on Luke Jones. The incident was missed by the match referee but not by the referee's assessor who later requested a copy of the matchday DVD from Alfreton Town and, upon reviewing the incident, reported Broughton to the Football Association who took immediate action and banned him for three games. He returned from suspension to appear in the 5–2 defeat at Grimsby Town on 1 October 2011 but was sent-off for elbowing Gary Silk in the 86th minute. After being handed a four match ban for the offence, Broughton was sacked by the club on 5 October 2011, with Alfreton chairman Wayne Bradley commenting that "the actions of Drewe Broughton on Saturday were wholly unacceptable and the club has made a decision to sever relationships with the player. He was a non-contract player and, while we understand his disappointment with himself and his pleas that it was completely out of character for him, we have made our decision and he has kicked his last ball for Alfreton Town".

On 21 October 2011, it was announced that he had signed for Thurrock.

He moved on to Arlesey Town of the Southern League Premier Division, making his debut on 28 January 2012. Broughton scored his first goal for Arlesey in a home match against St Albans City on 18 February 2012, giving Arlesey an 18th-minute lead in a 1–1 draw.

Moving on in March 2012, Broughton signed for Conference National club Darlington and made his league debut for the financially troubled side, who were battling relegation after receiving a 10-point deduction having entered administration mid-season, at home to Stockport County on 3 March 2012. He scored his first goal for the club on his sixth appearance, a 3–3 away draw at AFC Telford United on 31 March 2012.

Career statistics

Correct as at 01:17, 1 April 2012.

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hitchin
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Norwich City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
AFC Wimbledon players
Alfreton Town F.C. players
Thurrock F.C. players
Arlesey Town F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
People educated at Bedford School
Footballers from Hertfordshire

Drewe Broughton


Wellington Timothy Mara (August 14, 1916 – October 25, 2005) was an American co-owner of the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL) from 1959 until his death. He was the younger son of Tim Mara, who founded the Giants in 1925. Wellington was a ball boy that year.

Life and career
Mara was born in Rochester, New York, the son of Tim Mara and Elizabeth "Lizette" Mara (née Barclay). He was of Irish descent. Mara was an alumnus of Loyola School and Fordham University, both Catholic, Jesuit schools in New York City.

In 1930, Tim Mara split his ownership interests between Wellington (then 14) and his older brother Jack. Soon after graduating from Fordham University, Wellington moved into the Giants' front office as team treasurer and assistant to his father, and became the team's secretary in 1940.  After fighting in World War II in the U.S. Navy, he returned to the Giants as team vice president, a post he retained after his father died in 1958.  When Jack, who had been president since 1941, died of cancer at age 57 prior to the 1965 season, Wellington became team president.

For his first 37 years in the organization, he handled the franchise's football decisions.  However, his growing involvement in league affairs led him to turn over most of his day-to-day responsibilities to operations director Andy Robustelli in 1974. Mara didn't relinquish full control over the football side of the operation until 1979, when George Young became the team's first general manager.

The Giants were hamstrung for several years by a strained relationship between Wellington and his nephew Tim J. Mara, who inherited Jack's stake in the team.  By the 1970s, they almost never spoke to each other, and a partition had to be built in the owners' box.  The Maras continued to retain close control over the Giants' day-to-day operations long after most other owners had delegated such authority.  Only the fallout from "The Fumble" in 1978, in which a certain Giant win turned into a loss to the Philadelphia Eagles on a last-second fumble, convinced the Maras of the need to modernize—among other things, by hiring Young and giving him full control over football operations.

Under Mara's direction, the Giants won six NFL titles (including two Super Bowl wins), nine conference championships (including six Eastern Conference championships in the days before the NFL-AFL merger and three NFC championships post-merger), and 13 division championships. An eighth NFL title, third and fourth Super Bowl victories, fifth NFC championship (11th conference championship overall), and 15th division title have been captured since his passing under the leadership of his son, John, and co-owner Steve Tisch (who in turn is the son of Wellington's former co-owner from 1991–2005, Bob Tisch; Tisch also died in 2005, with his death coming three weeks after Mara's).

The Giants have also accumulated the third highest number of victories in National Football League history. Mara was also well liked by the Giants' players, and was known to stick by them even when they struggled with off-the-field problems. When Lawrence Taylor was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1999 he credited Mara for supporting him even during the worst times of his drug addiction saying, "He probably cared more about me as a person than he really should have." Taylor has since lived a clean life style and credits Mara with having helped him to fight his addiction. Wellington had surgery in May 2005 to remove cancerous lymph nodes from his neck and under his armpit, but was initially given a good prognosis by his doctors who said the cancer had not metastasized, according to his son, John Mara, the Giants' co-chief executive officer.

Personal life
Mara was married to Ann Mara, and their granddaughters include actresses Kate Mara and Rooney Mara, and they also have a grandson, NHL player Patrick Brown.

Honors
Wellington Mara was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in . In 2007, the University at Albany, where the Giants held training camp for many years, named their practice field after Mara and Bob Tisch. Mara was elected into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2012.

Not long after Mara came to work with the team, the players – many of whom were barely older than him – nicknamed him "Duke" because they knew he was named after the Duke of Wellington, whom his father called "the fightingest of all Irishmen," and the nickname stuck. The Wilson football used in NFL games prior to the AFL merger (–) was nicknamed "THE DUKE" after Mara; the ball was named as such by George Halas, the owner and head coach of the Chicago Bears, to reward Tim Mara for arranging the contract that made Wilson the official supplier of footballs to the NFL. Since the  season, a new version of "THE DUKE" has been used in NFL games.

Death

Mara died of lymphoma at his home in October 2005 at age 89. After his Friday funeral at Saint Patrick's Cathedral in Midtown Manhattan, he was interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne. He was survived by his wife Ann (1929–2015), eleven children, and 42 grandchildren.

Two days after his funeral, his team honored him by shutting out the Washington Redskins, the team he always viewed as the Giants' biggest (and oldest) rival, 36–0 on October 30 at Giants Stadium. The 80,000 fans in attendance gave his mention a standing ovation.

See also
 History of the New York Giants

References

External links

1916 births
2005 deaths
National Football League team presidents
New York Giants executives
New York Giants owners
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Fordham University alumni
United States Navy officers
Sportspeople from New York City
Sportspeople from Rochester, New York
Wellington
American people of Irish descent
Deaths from lymphoma
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)
Catholics from New York (state)
Loyola School (New York City) alumni

Wellington Mara


The Route of the Borgias is a cultural route, that includes sites associated with the Borja or Borgia, located in their native Valencian Community, Spain. The marketing of the route was  inaugurated in 2007.

The Borgias were a family of Aragonese origin, who settled in the Kingdom of Valencia, after its King James I of Aragon wrested control from Moorish rulers. In most translations, the family is known as the Borgia, the Italian way of transcribing the Borja surname from Valencian.

The Popes Callixtus III and Alexander VI, Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia and Francis Borgia are the best-known figures of this lineage that originated in Canals and Xàtiva, and via Valencia came to Rome, then return to Valencia to refound the Duchy of Gandia.

The route through the legacy of the Borgias has its beginning in the city of Gandia and ends in Valencia passing through various monuments and Valencian towns where the Borja left their mark.

Itinerary
The route includes the following monuments and towns:

Gandia:
Collegiate Basilica of Gandia
Ducal Palace of Gandia
Convent of Santa Clara
Sant Marc Hospital
Alfauir
Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
Simat de la Valldigna
Monastery of Santa María de la Valldigna
Albaida
Palace of Milà i Aragó
Castelló de Rugat
Remains of the Ducal Palace
Canals
Oratory of the Borgias
Tower and walls of the Borgias
Xàtiva
Collegiate Basilica of Xàtiva
Natal house of Alexander VI
Hermitage of Santa Ana
Llombai
Church of the Holy Cross
Valencia
Valencia Cathedral
Palace of the Borgias
University of Valencia (Estudio General)
Church of San Nicolás
Castellnovo (Castellón)
Castellnovo Castle

The Route step by step

Gandia: The vestige of the Borgia in Gandia is extensive.
 The Collegiate Basilica of Gandia was expanded by Maria Enriquez de Luna, widow of the second duke, Juan Borgia, and daughter-in-law of Alexander VI. She had the Apostles Door built by the famous sculptor Damià Forment and had the major altarpiece, nowadays disappeared, painted by Paolo da San Leocadio.
 Most of the Borgia dukes and their descendants were born in the Ducal Palace of Gandia, built in times of the royal dukes. The arms courtyard, the crown assembly hall, the eagles' hall and the stunning gold gallery are worth seeing. Inside the building you can find the Space of Emotions (Espacio de las Emociones), a centre for virtual interpretation that will carry the visitor back to the Borgia time.
 The Convent of Santa Clara has an important art collection bequeathed by the Borgia. Several monasteries were founded over the peninsula from this convent, such as the Convent of Las Descalzas Reales of Madrid or the one in Setubal (Portugal). The pine tower, from the 16th century, was part of the wall enlargement carried out by the IV Duke of Gandia, Saint Francis Borgia. His successor, Carlos Borgia, founded the convent of Sant Roc, which is now a cultural centre and was a baroque church in the 18th century.
 The Sant Marc Hospital was governed by the Dukes of Gandia, is today the archaeological museum of the city (MaGa).
Alfauir
 The Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba founded in 1388 and located about eight kilometres outside Gandia, came under the protection of the House of Borgia in the 16th century. The Duchess of Gandia, Maria Enríquez de Luna, widow of the duke Giovanni Borgia and daughter-in-law of the Pope Alexander VI, financed the monastery's enlargement such as the upper cloister of late Valencian Gothic style or the medieval cistern of the Orange Tree Patio. Later, also Saint Francis Borgia frequented the monastery and his wife, Leonor de Castro, lady and intimate friend of the Empress Isabella of Portugal, spent her last days in it recovering from her ailments.
Simat de la Valldigna
 In Simat we can find the Monastery of Santa María de la Valldigna, a Cistercian monastery built in 1298 by Jaime II. Rodrigo Borgia and his son Cesare were the monastery abbots. From its remains is possible to see the royal door, the convent, the chapter-house, the cloister and the abbot palace. Different earthquakes have destroyed the church and the one that is possible to see nowadays has a baroque style.
Albaida
 Palace of Milà i Aragó: The palace was constructed by the cardinal Luis de Milà y de Borja, nephew of the Pope Callixtus III, who after being papal vicarious in Rome, built this palace in the center of the municipality.
Canals
 Tower and walls of the Borgias: According to the tradition, Alfonso Borgia, the future Pope Calixtus III, was born in the Tower of Canals.
 Opposite the tower we can find the Oratory of the Borgias, with a medieval altarpiece about the Last Judgement, by the master of Borboto. Both buildings are worth visiting.
Xativa: The legacy of the Borja in Xativa is important.
 In the Collegiate Basilica of Xàtiva where different members of the Borgia family are buried, is possible to see at the museum the altarpiece of the cardinal Alfonso Borgia and a silver chalice with the name of the Pope Calixtus III and another artworks of the Borgia family.
 Natal house of Alexander VI: Rodrigo Borgia, Pope Alexander VI, was born in Xativa and was christened in the church of San Pedro in 1431. Both, the birthplace and the church can be visited.
 Another Borgian place in Xativa is the Hermitage of Santa Ana, patron saint of the family.
Valencia: The legacy of the family in the capital of the Kingdom of Valencia was numerous.
 In the Valencia Cathedral the Pope Callixtus III had the Chapel of "San Pedro" (Saint Peter) built. The Pope Alexander VI, before becoming pope, ordered the Italian painter Paolo da San Leocadio to paint frescoes for the dome of the apse. This was part of the beginning of the Italian Renaissance painting in Spain. In the chapel devoted to Saint Francis Borgia there are two Goya canvasses for the fourth duke of Gandia.
 The Palace of the Borgias, built by the first duke of Gandia and son of Alexander VI, Pedro Luis Borgia, is currently the headquarters for the Valencian Parliament (Cortes Valencianas).
 The University of Valencia (Estudio General) was founded in 1500 thanks to the papal bull of the Pope Alexander VI. Its Renaissance cloister is worth seeing.
 In the Church of San Nicolás, of which the Pope Callixtus III was rector before becoming Pope, in the door that overlooks to the square of San Nicolás, is remembered with tiles the prediction of Saint Vincent Ferrer according to which Alfonso de Borja would become Pope and then will canonize him.

Bibliography
José María Cruselles Gómez: Los Borja en Valencia. Nota sobre historiografia, historicismo y pseudohistoria University of Valencia.
Bibliography of the Route of the Borgias Cámara de Valencia.
 Santiago La Parra: "La ruta valenciana de los Borja". Escapadas-Punto Cero. Gandía, 1997. .
 Antoni Atienza Peñarroja. "Els Borja, valencians". Editorial L'Oronella. Valencia. 2003.
 Martí Domínguez: "Els Borja". CEIC "Alfons el Vell", Gandia, 1985. .
 VV.AA.: Los Borja: del mundo gótico al universo renacentista (cat.exposición), Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia, Generalitat Valenciana, 2001.
 VV.AA.: El hogar de los Borja (cat.exposición), Ajuntament de Xàtiva, 2001.
 VV.AA.: Xàtiva. L'espai del Borja. Itinerari fotográfic, Ajuntament de Xàtiva, 1992.
 VV.AA.: Els Borja a la sotsgovernació de Xàtiva (cat.exposición), Ajuntament de Xàtiva, 1994.
 VV.AA.: Xàtiva, Els Borja. Una projecció Europea (cat.exposición), Ajuntament de Xàtiva, 1994.

See also

 House of Borgia
 Duke of Gandía
 Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
 Route of the Monasteries of Valencia
 Route of the Valencian classics
 Route of the Castles of Vinalopó

References

External links

The Route

Official website of The Route of the Borgias
The Route of the Borgias
Guide of the route
The Route of the Borgias in Xativa

The Monuments
 Website of the Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
 Website of the Ducal Palace of Gandía
 Website of the Collegiate Basilica of Santa María of Gandía
 Monastery of Santa Maria de la Valldigna
 Website of the Collegiate Basilica of Xàtiva
 Official site of Valencia Cathedral
 University of Valencia
 Website of the Borgias Palace (Valencian Parliament)

House of Borgia
History of the Valencian Community
Monastery of Sant Jeroni de Cotalba
Tourism in the Valencian Community
Tourist attractions in the Valencian Community
Cultural tourism in Spain

Route of the Borgias


The Port Neal fertilizer plant explosion occurred on December 13, 1994 in the ammonium nitrate plant at the Terra International, Inc., Port Neal Complex,  south of Sioux City, Iowa, United States. Four workers at the plant were killed by the explosion, and eighteen others were injured. The seven-story building at the seat of the blast was completely destroyed, leaving only a crater, and significant damage was inflicted to the surrounding structures. Four nearby electricity generating stations were disabled by the explosion, and the effects of the blast were felt up to 30 miles away. A high-voltage line running adjacent to the plant and over the Missouri River was damaged, disrupting power in the neighboring state of Nebraska. Two 15,000-ton refrigerated ammonia storage tanks were ruptured, releasing liquid ammonia and ammonia vapors which forced the evacuation of 1,700 residents from the surrounding area.

Causes of accident

An investigation conducted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded in 1996 that the explosion was initiated by an accelerated thermal decomposition reaction as "a direct result of unsafe operating procedures and conditions" at the plant. The investigation team concluded that the explosion resulted from a lack of written, safe operation procedures at the Terra Port Neal ammonium nitrate plant. The lack of safe operating procedures resulted in conditions in the plant that were necessary for the explosion to occur. The significant conditions that caused the explosion were:

1. Strongly acidic conditions in the neutralizer and rundown tank;

2. Prolonged application of 200 psig steam to the neutralizer nitric acid spargers;

3. The creation of bubbles and low density zones in the neutralizer;

4. Lack of flow in the neutralizer and rundown tank;

5. The presence of chlorides, from a cooling water leak, in the neutralizer and rundown tank;

6. Lack of monitoring of the ammonium nitrate plant after the plant was shut down with the
process vessels charged.

The EPA had conducted a safety audit at the plant just eight months prior to the explosion. The plant was Iowa's largest producer of nitrogen-based fertilizers and its loss contributed to a national 50% increase in the cost of fertilizer by the following year.

See also
Ammonium nitrate disasters

References

Explosions in 1994
1994 industrial disasters
1994 disasters in the United States
Disasters in Iowa
1994 in Iowa
Woodbury County, Iowa
Fertilizer companies of the United States
Industrial fires and explosions in the United States
December 1994 events in the United States
Ammonium nitrate disasters

Port Neal fertilizer plant explosion


Mikki Osei Berko (born 1973) is a Ghanaian-born actor. He played Master Richard in the TV series Taxi Driver and Dada Boat in Dada Boat. He has served as the assemblyman for the Ayidiki electoral area for one term, and is also the executive director of Mediagold Productions in Ghana. Mikki Osei Berko worked extensively with Radio Gold, a private radio station based in Accra, which he left in July 2003 to join Happy FM. He later presented with Kessben FM. He is the brain behind Kente Radio, a Pan-African online radio station.

Filmography
As director
Broken Mirror

As actor
Broken Mirror
Okukuseku

References

External links

Ghanaian male television actors
Ghanaian film producers
1973 births
Living people

Mikki Osei Berko


Rajesh Tailang is an Indian actor. He is best known to international audiences for his role in Siddharth, for which he garnered a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Actor at the 2nd Canadian Screen Awards. He also wrote the dialogues for Siddharth and for Amal. Besides being an actor and writer, he is a poet as well. He is the brother of late cartoonist Sudhir Tailang. As he does poetry also.

He has also appeared in the films Phantom, Dev, Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa, Thakshak, Amal, Umrika and The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel, and the television series Shanti. He also had supporting roles in Netflix Originals Selection Day and Delhi Crime along with Amazon Prime Original Mirzapur.

Filmography

Films

Short films

Web series

References

External links

Indian male television actors
Indian male film actors
Living people
1970 births

Rajesh Tailang


Polyphenism is a kind of polymorphism where different forms of an animal are caused a single genotype. The animal inherits the capability, but the environment determines which form develops. This contrasts with genetic polymorphism, where each morph (form) inherits a slightly different genome.

Polyphenism occurs when the animal inherits a developmental switch. The switch is sensitive to some environmental cue or trigger. For example, the sex of crocodiles is determined by the prevailing temperature. Their gender is a polyphenic trait, and is not determined by the usual sex linkage.

Other examples

The caste system in insects
The caste system of social insects is the division of labor between genetically identical individuals. Polyphenism determines whether larvae develop into queens, workers, and in some cases soldiers. In the case of the ant, P. morrisi, an embryo must develop under certain temperature and photoperiod conditions in order to become a reproductively-active queen. This allows for control of the mating season, but like sex determination, limits the spread of the species into certain climates.
In bees, "royal jelly" provided by worker bees causes a larva to become a queen. Royal jelly is only produced when the queen is aging or has died.

Seasonal changes
Polyphenic pigmentation is adaptive for species which reproduce several times a year. Different pigment patterns provide camouflage throughout the seasons, and alter heat retention as temperatures change. Because insects cease growth and development after they are adults, their pigment pattern is set in adulthood. In the case of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, the caterpillars are polyphenic. Their trigger is switched by the colour of the plants they are eating: see this.

References

Developmental biology
Genetics

Polyphenism


The 125 Squadron "Puma" is a helicopter squadron base at Sembawang Air Base, Republic of Singapore Air Force, the squadron goes by the motto of "Swift in Support", with the Puma as the squadron's motif.

Unit history
Formed in February 1985, the 125 Squadron consisted of twenty-two newly purchased Aérospatiale AS332M Super Puma medium lift helicopters. This was the Republic of Singapore Air Force's third helicopter squadron, after 120 Sqn and 123 Sqn. The pilots for the new helicopters were drawn from the two squadrons and led by Major Chia Sin Kwong, were sent to France to undergo a conversion course.

The first Super Puma made its way to Singapore in July 1985 and the Squadron was officially inaugurated on 4 October 1985. The guest of honour for the ceremony was the then Chief of General Staff, Major-General (later Lieutenant-General) Winston Choo. Three of the Squadron's Super Pumas are permanently painted in red and white paint scheme for conducting Search and rescue (SAR) work, taking over the duty of SAR-configured Bell 212 Twin Huey helicopters from 120 Sqn, which were retired the same year, the motto of the SAR detachment is "That others may live".

Based at Sembawang Air Base, the Super Pumas brought to the RSAF a new dimension in its operational capabilities. Prior to the acquisition of the CH-47 Chinook, SAF relied on the squadron's Super Puma helicopters to transport its light vehicles and troops around on various detachments and training grounds.

During Singapore's National Day, the Super Pumas take on a different, but no less important, role. Since 1986, they have been active participants of the parade, either flying the Singapore flag proudly or simply being part of the flypast. A Super Puma crashed landed on the compound at Sembawang Air Base, with no fatalities.

In 2003 to 2007, then Commanding Officer LTC Yeap Hong Kiat led the squadron in the Banda Aceh Tsunami rescue.

In 2010, then Commanding Officer LTC Ong Jack Sen and the squadron celebrated the 25th anniversary of Super Puma operations in the RSAF.

In November 2016, it was announced that the AS332M Super Puma platform will be replaced by the new Airbus H225M. The RSAF acquired its first order of the new aircraft in 2021, as the COVID-19 pandemic had delayed its initial projected delivery of end-2020.

Aircraft operated
22× AS332M Super Puma (1985–present)
??x H225M (2021–present)

References
Notes

External links
RSAF web page on 125 Sqn & Sembawang Air Base(SBAB)

Squadrons of the Republic of Singapore Air Force
Mandai

125 Squadron, Republic of Singapore Air Force


Smuggler Cove Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.

Smuggler Cove is a small, picturesque all-weather anchorage on the south side of Sechelt Peninsula near Secret Cove. To access this park by land, visitors can hike 4 km from a parking lot off Hwy 101. This park provides hiking, swimming, kayaking and picnicking. Park Size: 185 hectares. 16 km West of Sechelt on the Sunshine Coast. Accessible by boat from the north end of Welcome Pass. Also accessible from Brooks Road off Hwy 101 halfway between Secret Cove and Halfmoon Bay on the Sunshine Coast. It is a 4 km hike from the parking lot to Smuggler Cove.
The Smuggler Cove Marine Provincial Park draws many boaters and sightseers every year to the protected cove. Many come to explore the many bays of the area, rock cliffs and beach areas. The marine park is considered a wetland park so there are some very sensitive ecological areas along the path designed to protect the ecosystem. Please stay on walking paths and have dogs leashed.

Smuggler Cove is an all-weather anchorage with three large anchoring basins for cruising boats. The best entry to the park by boat is through Welcome Passage at low tide when reef and rock projections are visible. The local area has provided many eye bolts located along the shoreline to accommodate stern pins.

History

A possible apocryphal story is that Smuggler Cove owes its name to its reported use by Larry Kelly.  Kelly, the "King of the Smugglers" who was also known as "Pirate" came up to Canada after fighting for the confederates in the American Civil War.  When the Canadian Pacific Railway was completed, many unemployed Chinese workers tried to emigrate to the United States but were forbidden official entry.  Kelly assisted the Chinese to cross the border for a fee of $100 each.  His insurance against detection was to have the Chinese agree to be roped together and tied to a large hunk of pig iron.  If there was a chance that they would be apprehended by U.S. customs, he would throw the iron and Chinese overboard. Common misconception is that Larry Kelly was also nicknamed "Pig Iron," but this was another smuggler by the name of Jim Kelly.

Gallery

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20080605065800/http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/bcparks/explore/parkpgs/smuggler.html

External links

Smuggler Cove Hiking Trails

Provincial parks of British Columbia
Sunshine Coast Regional District
Protected areas established in 1971
1971 establishments in British Columbia
Marine parks of Canada

Smuggler Cove Marine Provincial Park


Sir Albert Ernest Coates OBE, FRCS (1895–1977) was an Australian surgeon and soldier.   He served as a medical orderly in World War I serving on Gallipoli, and as a senior surgeon for the Australian Army Medical Corps in World War II in Malaya. He was captured by the Japanese and during his time as a POW, worked as a surgeon for the many Allied POWs working to build the Burma-Thailand Railway.

Early life
Coates was born in Mount Pleasant, a suburb of Ballarat, Victoria in 1895 in Australia. Aged 11 years, he left school and went to work as a butcher and an apprentice bookbinder. His primary school teacher, Mr Leslie Morshead, later Lt-Gen Sir Leslie Morshead, CO 9th Div AIF, offered to teach Albert at night school. He studied languages and sciences, and at 18 years sat the matriculation equivalent, receiving 5 distinctions. He left his apprenticeship and obtained work at the Melbourne and subsequently Wangaratta PO while he studied pre-med subjects to facilitate his enrollment in the University of Melbourne medical school.

First World War service
In 1914 Coates enlisted in the 7th Battalion as a medical orderly and the following year served on Gall
poli. Coates was one of the last to leave the peninsula on the night of 19/20 December 1915. His battalion was then transferred to France in March 1916 and fought in the battle of the Somme. His skill as a linguist came to the attention of his superiors and in February 1917 he was attached to the intelligence staff, I Anzac Corps. Sir John Monash and British authorities recognised his ability and, at the end of the war, he was invited to apply for a commission in the British Army. Coates preferred, however, to go home to Australia where he found employment in the office of the Commonwealth censor in Melbourne.

Between The Wars
After the war and on his return to Australia Coates worked nights as a postal worker to support himself through medical school. In 1925 Coates became a resident at (Royal) Melbourne Hospital. He worked with Professor Richard Berry in the university's department of anatomy, first as a Stewart lecturer (1925–26) and next as acting-professor (1927). Back at (Royal) Melbourne Hospital, he was appointed honorary surgeon to out-patients in 1927 and to in-patients in 1935. Following his first wife's death he visited surgical centres in Britain, Europe and North America; shortly after his return he was asked to establish the neurosurgical unit at the R.M.H.  From 1936 to 1940 he was part-time lecturer in surgical anatomy at the University of Melbourne.  Coates remained active in the military and by the outbreak of war was a captain in the Australian Army Medical Corps.

Second World War and capture in Sumatra
Appointed lieutenant colonel, Australian Army Medical Corps, on 1 January 1941, Coates joined the Australian Imperial Force next day aged 46. He was posted to the 2nd/10th Australian General Hospital and stationed at Malacca, Malaya. After the Japanese invaded on 8 December, the 2nd/10th A.G.H. fell back to Singapore; Coates was ordered to join a party which sailed on 13 February 1942 for Java, Netherlands East Indies. The convoy was bombed and the survivors reached Tembilahan, Sumatra, where Coates saved many lives with his surgical skill. He made himself responsible for treating all British casualties, and felt duty-bound to stay with them, though he could have left on several occasions. On 28 February he arrived at Padang which was occupied by the Japanese three weeks later and Coates became a prisoner of war.

POW Burma-Thailand Railway

In May 1942 the Japanese moved Coates to Burma. At the Kilo-30 and Kilo-55 camps on the Burma-Thailand Railway he cared for hundreds of prisoners of war under deplorable conditions. Coates subsequently described his medical practice at Kilo-55 to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East: in a bamboo lean-to, with his only instruments a knife, two pairs of artery forceps and a saw (used by the camp butchers and carpenters), his daily work consisted of 'segregating the sick from the very sick . . . curetting seventy or eighty ulcers during the morning . . . and, in the afternoon, proceeding to amputate nine or ten legs'.

In December 1943 the Japanese sent Coates to Thailand. There, from March 1944, he was chief medical officer of a prisoner-of-war hospital (10,000 beds) at Nakhon Pathom (Nakompaton). Through 'his initiative, resource and enthusiasm he was responsible for many improvisations which provided artificial limbs, transfusions and surgical appliances'. (Sir) Edward Dunlop recalled that Coates's 'short, upright figure with a ghost of a swagger, a Burma cheroot clamped in his mouth, and his staccato flow of kindly, earthly wisdom became the object of hero-worship and inspiration'. With the cessation of hostilities, Coates returned to Melbourne in October 1945, transferred to the Reserve of Officers on 6 December and was appointed O.B.E. in 1946.  Coates was a key witness at the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal in '46, was appointed an OBE in '47, was an RSL delegate at the signing of the Peace Treaty in the USA in '51, and was knighted by the Queen in '55.

Career
In between the wars, Coates studied surgery and helped to establish the Neurosurgical Society of Australia.  He returned to surgical work following World War Two later became Senior Surgeon at the Royal Melbourne Hospital and Stewart Lecturer in Surgery at the University of Melbourne. He was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS).

Albert Coates died in Melbourne in 1977, survived by his wife, two sons (both doctors) and three daughters (two nurses and a teacher). A eulogy was given at his funeral by (Sir) Edward Dunlop.

Awards and recognition
Coates was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (Military) in 1946 for "distinguished service in the field". He was knighted in 1955 and in 1981 was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil) for his "services to the handicapped and veterans".

A statue in honour of Sir Albert Ernest Coates is located in the main street of his home town of Ballarat. A laneway in the Queen Victoria Village is named Albert Coates Lane in his honour.

On 8 September 2006 the University of Ballarat renamed its student union building the Albert Coates Complex.

The Sir Albert Coates Oration is an annual event at the University of Ballarat.

Notes

1895 births
1977 deaths
Australian neurosurgeons
World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Ballarat
Australian prisoners of war
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Burma Railway prisoners
Australian Army officers

Albert Coates (surgeon)


The gaita gastoreña  is a type of hornpipe native to El Gastor, a region of Andalucia, Spain.  It consists of a simple reed, a wooden tube in its upper part, and a resonating bell of horn in its lower part.  Such instruments are only found outside El Gastor in Madrid and in the Basque Country (see: alboka).

Traditionally, the gaita gastoreña was played from November on.  The youth played the hornpipe around the fire for entertainment during the long nights at the close of the year.  After the end of the Christmas festivities, the hornpipe would not be played until the following year.  Currently, the hornpipe is played for the festivals of Corpus Christi and Christmas in El Gastor.

External links
Toque tradicional de gaita gastoreña
Información sobre la gaita gastoreña

Hornpipes
Andalusian musical instruments

Gaita gastoreña


Jarm () (also spelled Jurm or Banu Jurum) were an Arab tribe that, in the Middle Ages, lived in Palestine, Hawran and coastal Egypt. The Jarm were a branch of the Tha'laba clan, a subbranch of the Al Jadilah, itself a branch of the large Arab tribe of Tayy.  Some sources, however, consider the Jarm to be from the non-Tayyid tribe of Quda'a. Both the Tayy and the Quda'a were Qahtanite tribes (Arabs originally from Yemen).

In the Middle Ages, during Ayyubid and Mamluk rule, the Jarm inhabited the region between Gaza and through the coastal plain of Palestine. Their main encampments were between Deir al-Balah and Gaza, while they often migrated to the vicinity of Hebron in the summer. Beginning with Sultan Baybars, the Mamluks entrusted the Jarm, along with other Tayyid clans with protecting the countryside, providing Arabian horses for the barid (postal route), and levied taxes on them. The chieftains of Jarm and other Tayyid clans were known as "emirs" (princes). In the Mamluk hierarchy, the military rank of the preeminent emir of the Jarm was equal to that of a Damascus-based amir ashara (emir of ten cavalry) or an Aleppo-based amir ashrin (emir of twenty cavalry). In the Mamluk records, the strength of the Jarm was 1,000 cavalry, making them one of the smaller leading tribes of Bilad al-Sham (the Levant); the largest was Al Fadl, the most powerful Tayyid clan.

In 1415, there was heavy fighting between the Jarm and the A'id tribe in the triangle of Gaza, Ramla and Jerusalem. In 1494, a dispute arose regarding the official nomination of the preeminent emir of the Jarm, a duty normally entrusted to the Mamluk governors of Gaza or Jerusalem. Sultan Qaytbay ultimately intervened and chose the Jerusalem nominee because that district's governor paid a bribe of five hundred dinars. The Jarm chieftains preserved the title of emir during early Ottoman rule in the 16th century and were listed in the tax registers for the Gaza Sanjak. At the time, it had twelve branches and encamped in the vicinity of Ramla. It paid 10,000 akçe to the treasury of the Ottoman sultan.

References

Bibliography

Tribes of Syria
Tribes of Arabia
Tayy
History of Gaza City
History of Ottoman Syria
Mamluk Sultanate
Medieval Syria

Jarm


The Beacon Light is a painting by J. M. W. Turner. It was given to the National Museum of Wales by the Davies sisters (Gwendoline and Margaret). For some time it was regarded as a fake, but is now accepted as authentic.

Provenance
Beacon Light was among a number of works that were said to have been given by Turner to his mistress, Mrs Booth. It was sold at Christie's by her son, John Pound (her son by her first marriage).

In 1922, it was sold as a genuine Turner and the Davies sisters (Gwendoline and Margaret) spent £2,625 to buy it. Following the death of Gwendoline Davies, it was among seven works by Turner that were donated to the National Museum of Wales.

Doubts as to authenticity
Shortly after the donation, some raised doubts about its authenticity and that of two other Turners donated by the sisters.

Butlin and Joll dated the work to c. 1835-1840 and suggest that it is a fragment of a larger canvas 'which has certainly been worked on by a hand other than Turner's'. At that time, it was believed to depict the Needles on the Isle of Wight

It was removed from display, but did appear in a 2007 exhibition. It returned to display in September 2012.

Fake or Fortune?
It was featured on the BBC TV programme Fake or Fortune? Scientific analysis showed that the paint used was consistent with Turner's known usage and that the same paint had been used for the whole of the picture. An X-ray showed that a lighthouse at the summit of the bluff had been painted over. Philip Mould and Bendor Grosvenor were able to establish that the scene was near Margate and not on the Isle of Wight as had been previously believed. The evidence for the painting's authenticity was presented to Martin Butlin, the co-author of the Turner catalogue raisonné, who accepted that the work was genuine.

See also
 List of paintings by J. M. W. Turner

References

Paintings by J. M. W. Turner
Paintings in National Museum Cardiff
Fake or Fortune?
Water in art

The Beacon Light


The William L. Gregg House is a historic Victorian building in the Second Empire style located in Westmont, Illinois.

History
Following the completion of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad in 1864, shares of the land that was to become Westmont were sold to Phipps Industrial Land Trust. Following the Great Chicago Fire in late 1871, this land was again sold to several brick manufacturers to accelerate the regrowth of the city.

William L. Gregg owned the highest point of land near the railroad, allowing for easy export of brick by steam locomotive. Gregg constructed a house atop the hill to showcase the product of the Excelsior Brick Company. After the population of Chicago re-stabilized in the early 20th century, demand for brick was reduced and the house was rented and re-purposed for a variety of functions. The dilapidated house was considered for demolition in the 1970s, but a historical group restored the house. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980; The following year, it became the Westmont Historical Society museum.

It is currently located on the grounds of Lou Cimera Field in Veterans Memorial Park and is open to the public twice a week.

Architecture
The one-story William L. Gregg House is rectangular brick house. The mansard roof is steep with overhanging gable dormers. Double-hung windows are decorated with arch brick heads, except for the two flanking the main entrance. The side of the house now has a frame sun-porch, which was added in the 1920s. An addition was also made to the rear of the house at this time. Although the floor plan of the interior is intact, little of its original design remains. The house was moved a short distance and placed on a new foundation in 1977.

References

External links

 Westmont Historical Society - Gregg House Museum

National Register of Historic Places in DuPage County, Illinois
Westmont, Illinois
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Houses in DuPage County, Illinois
Museums in DuPage County, Illinois
Historic house museums in Illinois

William L. Gregg House


John Oliver Secondary School is a public secondary school located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at East 41st Avenue and Fraser Street (between the Vancouver neighbourhoods of Kensington-Cedar Cottage, Riley Park-Little Mountain and Sunset). It is named after John Oliver, the Premier of British Columbia from 1918 to 1927. The school is composed of four main segments: the main building ("A" Building) containing the bulk of the learning areas, including the Auditorium and Learning Commons; a wooden building ("B" Building) affectionately nicknamed "The Barn", due to its appearance, which is closed but was previously used by the mini school and Digital Immersion students; a Drama Studio ("C" Building) which allows for several theatre and acting courses; and a concrete building — the engineering building — bisected by a breezeway, with automotive, metal, and wood shops.

Current

John Oliver Secondary is a school of approximately 1150 students attending grades Eight to Twelve with nearly 70 teachers. The students participate in many extracurricular activities including Music, Sports and Clubs.
The school has a multicultural student population, with a large number of bilingual students. Although the predominant populations are reflective of the Indo and Filipino-Canadian neighbourhood it resides in, many other ethnic backgrounds are represented in the school's population.

History
The school was originally called South Vancouver High School and began in 1912 as two surplus classrooms on the grounds of Lord Selkirk Elementary at 22nd Avenue and Commercial Street. The following year, when enrolment jumped from 58 to 148, the high school students moved to General Gordon School, which is today known as Sir Sanford Fleming Elementary, located at 49th Avenue and Knight Street. Enrolment continued to increase and a site for a purpose-built high school was chosen near 41st Avenue and Fraser Street, adjacent to the South Vancouver municipal hall and fire station. South Vancouver's first, stand-alone high school was built in 1920, and was opened on January 21, 1921 by its new namesake, the Honourable John Oliver, then Premier of BC. By 1926, the enrolment of the school was over 900, and a second building with an additional 8 rooms was built to the west of the main building, on 43rd Ave. This new building, now called "The Barn", is still in existence today. The main part of the current school building was erected in 1950 on 41st Avenue, with the subsequent addition and expansion of technical studies shops, cafeteria and music wing during the following years. The original building burnt down on December 9, 1959.

Programs and course offerings
John Oliver is home to a Mini School for gifted children from grades 8–12. Twenty-eight students per year are admitted to the program. Students from across district may apply. The goal of the Mini program is to enrich students in academics (John Oliver does accelerated math), leadership (special course/responsibilities in Grade 9), and enrich education outside the classroom with three field study trips every year. Students in the John Oliver Digital Immersion Mini School take special classes each year that enrich their understanding of information technology, Chroma key techniques (and more) and their cohort has a focus on using technology to assist with advanced projects. In place of their first field trip, grade 8 students visit various high-tech institutions and corporations located within the Metro Vancouver area, such as MDA and UBC.
John Oliver is one of two secondary schools in district which offer STEM Science/Technology/Engineering/Mathematics programs. As of September 2017, thirty students per year are accepted into a one-year program for Grade 9, and/or 10, and/or 11. Students may apply for subsequent years. Students take STEM on Day 1, working within a project-based program that covers curriculum and more for Math, Science, Electronics, IT. Day 2 they take subjects like English, Languages, PE, and other electives.
Students in the Mini School, STEM and regular program can enter an annual science fair, with winners being able to move onto the district, regional, and ultimately the Canada-Wide Science Fair.
John Oliver contains many classrooms in the main building equipped with home economics facilities. This allows students to take courses in various textiles, foods, cooking and pastries cafeteria, and nutrition courses.
The school accommodates a number of full computer labs which enables students to pursue their interests in information technology in the form of CAD, animations, photography, image editing, and digital literacy courses.
John Oliver also has a well equipped facility for the industrial arts containing several well equipped and dedicated facilities for woodworking, metalworking, and automotive technologies, enabling students to pursue their interests in various industrial disciplines.
There is also a post secondary/apprentice program for students interested in the construction industry
With two gymnasiums, three fields, and access to nearby Memorial Park South, John Oliver is able to offer diverse physical education courses, as well as weight training, fitness, and coaching and leadership courses.
With a large auditorium and drama studio, as well as auxiliary facilities and band rooms, John Oliver is able to have many acting, drama, theatrical performances/programs/clubs, as well as a large choir, a beginner, intermediate and senior band. For several years, JO was the only school in the district to offer a drumline. As of September 2017, Music Director Eric Tsang added an R+B band (before school practices) to the John Oliver music offerings.

Events and performances
John Oliver has hosted many events and productions annually.
On 21 and 22 September 2012 the PAC hosted the 100th Anniversary Celebration. The event commenced with a concert in the school's auditorium featuring music and performances from the past and present as well as honouring many of the distinguished Alumni, teachers and administration over the ages. The school classrooms were decorated with images from the past and it is estimated that many of the 20,000 past students attended. On the 22nd, there were a variety of other events for the celebration, including a homecoming basketball game and a sock-hop with live music from a band of alumni.
On May 27, 2009 John Oliver was chosen to host the 2009 Passport to Play as well the 2010 Passport to Play, a one-day event that offers students with disabilities the opportunity to learn about organizations which provide them with sports and recreational activities.
The John Oliver Theatre Company has an annual production in which students from Drama and Acting courses, as well as the general school population, have a chance to perform in a play. Students not only have an opportunity to gain experience as actors, but as Stage Managers, make-up artists, and costume designers, among others. Students can also gain valuable technical experience by helping design and run various audio and visual effects. Previous productions include "The Brothers Grimm Spectaculathon" (2014), "The Sound of Music" (2013), and "Arsenic and Old Lace" (2012).
John Oliver hosts an annual basketball tournament called "Joker's Classic." Held in two portions consisting of three days in the latter half of two weeks, over 16 teams compete with each other to come out on top. The girls tournament is held in the first week, with the boys tournament held afterwards. Leadership classes organize committees to handle various aspects of the tournaments, such as concession, advertising, sponsorship, audio/visual, and admission. There are a variety of team and individual awards given out, such as team placement awards, best player, and sportsmanship awards.
To celebrate and showcase the cultural diversity of John Oliver, students hold an annual Multicultural Show where students show off their talent through performances and a fashion show.
On or near November 11, John Oliver remembers those who fought in World War One by an annual Remembrance Day assembly. "Oh Canada" is sung, with a short skit recreating some aspect of the War following it. A trumpeter plays "The Last Post" followed by a moment of silence.
During the first week of school, a week of special presentations are held for each grade. These help inform the grades about important topics teens should know about.
Two or three weeks after Winter Break, John Oliver holds a week of exams. The Mid-Year exams are a bench-marker of how well students are doing, and prepares students, especially grade 8's, for End-of-Year exams. Special presentations are also held during this time for younger grades.

Teams
John Oliver offers a wide variety of team sports held over the school year, usually with several separate teams for junior, senior, male, and female categories. This list is not exclusive.  Teams offered are dependent on student sign up and coaches availability.
Badminton
Basketball
Cross Country
Wrestling
Soccer
Softball
Track and Field
Ultimate
Volleyball

Clubs
John Oliver has a very strong student community. Part of this student community are the extra-curricular clubs and their teacher sponsors.
Students' Council – The student government of the school.
Bhangra Club – The Bhangra Club practices year-round and performs at school events.
Dance Squad – The Dance Squad practices year-round and performs at school and district events.
Destination Imagination – Destination ImagiNation is an educational program hosted by Destination ImaginNation Inc. in which student teams solve open-ended Challenges and present their solutions at Tournaments.
Rainbow Diversity Club – The JO-Rainbows strive to create a school environment free of homophobia. Every year they hold a "Day of Silence" event, in which participating students remain verbally silent throughout the entire school day and participate in the nationwide Anti-Bullying Day, also known as Pink Day.
Grad Committee – The Graduation Committee is in-charge of arranging all grad related activities including the prom, Dry Grad, and the School Leaving Ceremony.
Lighting and Sound Crew (Technical Crew) - The John Oliver Lighting and Sound Crew facilitates all audio/visual activities at events including assemblies, theater productions, and the Multicultural Show.
Multicultural Club – The Multicultural Club encourages multiculturalism by hosting year-round multicultural events including the John Oliver Annual Multicultural Show.
Eyes of Hope – A club that focuses on spreading awareness about the world's critical issues and crises. In addition, they also conduct many fundraising campaigns throughout the course of the year.
JO Ambassadors – Being a community service club, JO Ambassadors plays an important role in the major events that take place in the school. Most members volunteer to help out in many public events.
Environmental Club (Trash Talkers) – Promotes sustainability and environmental awareness throughout the school and the community through green projects and daily tips.

Notable graduates
Eileen Dailly, former BC MLA and Minister of Education, notable for abolishing corporal punishment in BC schools.
Herb Dhaliwal, first Indo-Canadian person to become a member of federal cabinet.
Walter Gage, University of British Columbia professor and administrator. Order of Canada recipient (1971).
Mozhdah Jamalzadah, Afghan singer, model and TV show host (2000).
Evander Kane, NHL hockey player currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers.
William "Willie" Loftus, former Canadian Football League player.
Jim Pattison, billionaire businessman and Order of Canada recipient.
Ray Perrault, former Liberal Party of Canada Member of Parliament and Senator.
Gordon 'Gogie' Stewart, member of the BC Sports Hall of Fame.
Michael (Mike) Mitchell, TV host of BC outdoors sport fishing tv show.

Media
American comedy-drama film, What Goes Up starring Hilary Duff, Josh Peck and Steve Coogan was filmed in John Oliver.

Gym interior and outdoor scenes in American teen drama television series, Riverdale were filmed in and outside John Oliver.

Some school scenes for Death Note (2017 film) were filmed in and outside the school.

The upcoming Netflix slasher film, There's Someone Inside Your House starring Sydney Park, Théodore Pellerin and Burkely Duffield was filmed in John Oliver.

2009 website implementation
In the Fall of 2009, the school's main website was re-designed using the Open-source Content Management System, Joomla. The new website includes an often updated Photojournalistic photo gallery which  displays photos of current and past events. The new website also contains "Teacher Blogs", Individual WordPress Blogs that teachers can collaborate and post assignments for students and parents to access. Starting in 2010, the Open-source digital learning environment Moodle and an in-school email system utilizing Google Apps were also implemented. Mr. Zhi Su, a teacher and the technology department head, has led the implementation and training process.

References

 August 2008 Newsletter for parents, guardians and students
 December 2008 Newsletter for Parents, guardians and students
 Student Handbook 2008/2009
 http://vancouver.ca/parks/parks/index.htm

External links

High schools in Vancouver
Educational institutions established in 1921
1921 establishments in British Columbia

John Oliver Secondary School


Roy Anthony Jordan (born 17 April 1978) is an English professional footballer. He currently plays for Mercia Athletic.

Jordan began his career as a junior with Torquay United and had trials with Yeovil Town and Bristol Rovers before joining Hereford United as an apprentice in 1995. He made his league debut on 1 March 1997 in a 2–1 home defeat against Exeter City, and remained with the Bulls as they began life in the Conference, though Jordan played just once that season. He joined Newport County on loan, before moving to Merthyr Tydfil and then Hellenic League side Pegasus Juniors, whom he left in the 1999 close season to rejoin Newport County whilst working as a plumber. Including his previous loan spell he made 18 league appearances for Newport.

His next move took him to Gloucester City in March 2000 when he was signed without the knowledge of City manager Brian Hughes. His stay with Gloucester was brief as he had returned to play for Pegasus Juniors before the end of that season.

In August 2000 he was jailed for 28 days after being involved in a fight outside a pub in Hereford, and more specifically for kicking a man as he lay on the ground. On his release he joined West Midlands League side Kington Town, leaving for the first of a number of spells with Westfields in June 2002 after his release by Kington. chairmen

He later played for Worcester City. He left Westfields to join Telford United in January 2005, but rejoined Westfields in November the same year, having played six times in the league for Telford that season. He moved to Mercia Athletic in 2010.

References

Living people
1978 births
Footballers from Plymouth, Devon
English men's footballers
Hereford United F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Merthyr Tydfil F.C. players
Gloucester City A.F.C. players
Hereford Pegasus F.C. players
Kington Town F.C. players
Westfields F.C. players
Worcester City F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
English Football League players
Men's association football wingers

Roy Jordan


Antonio Calvo (18 May 1965 –  12 April 2011) was a senior lecturer in Spanish at Princeton University who committed suicide in April 2011 after learning either that he had been suspended from his job or that his employment contract had been abruptly terminated by Princeton. The cause of death, as determined by the New York City medical examiner's office, was "slash wounds" to his neck and arm. The cancellation of his employment contract would have meant that Calvo—a Spanish citizen—would lose his residence visa in the US and face deportation.

Background
Calvo's death has provoked questions regarding why employment was interrupted during the middle of the academic semester. According to an acquaintance of Calvo, on 8 April, a security guard reportedly forcibly removed him from his office and took his keys, and the university barred access to his email account. Later that day students waited in vain for him to arrive to a class he was meant to teach.

Calvo, who also taught linguistics, poetics and the arts of the Harlem Renaissance, was being evaluated for reappointment (he did not have academic tenure), and his department had recommended that he be retained. A colleague told the New York Times that a number of graduate students and a fellow lecturer had mounted a campaign to block his renewal, on the basis of comments alleged to be harsh and inappropriate. An entry in Calvo's notebook from 9 April referred to concerns about his having "raised [his] voice to subordinates"; Calvo had supervised the work of graduate student instructors who in his view sometimes did not work hard enough. Colleagues and students told the New York Times that Calvo sometimes used Spanish expressions that might have been offensive to people who did not understand their connotation in Spanish culture. A letter from his department chair told him he would receive a call from an associate dean to schedule a meeting at which the allegations would be discussed.

The university administration, in a statement by president Shirley Tilghman, has declined to answer questions or provide details about the reason for the termination, alleging reasons of confidentiality, and members of Calvo's department have allegedly been instructed not to speak about it (an allegation disputed by the university), leading to dissatisfaction among some groups on campus, particularly among those undergraduates who revered him. Friends of Calvo have alleged that the administration is "hiding something" and refer to "vicious politics".

Writers in Spain have observed that Calvo's story bears similarities to a number of academic novels, including Philip Roth's The Human Stain.

References

Deaths by person in New Jersey
Princeton University faculty
Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States
Suicides in New Jersey
2011 suicides

Suicide of Antonio Calvo


The Brighton trunk murders were two murders linked to Brighton, England, in 1934. In each, the body of a murdered woman was placed in a trunk. The murders are not believed to have any connection with each other aside from how they were carried out, and the first of the two victims remains unidentified; a suspect was arrested and tried for the second murder but was found not guilty.

The murders led to Brighton being dubbed "The Queen of Slaughtering Places" (a play on "The Queen of Watering Places").

Unsolved June murder
The first murder was discovered on 17 June 1934, when an unclaimed plywood trunk was noticed by William Joseph Vinnicombe at the left luggage office of Brighton railway station as he investigated a smell. He alerted the police and Chief Inspector Robert (Bob) Donaldson opened the trunk to find the dismembered torso of a woman. When other stations were alerted a suitcase at King's Cross railway station was found to contain the legs. The head and arms were never found. The press named the victim 'The Girl with the Pretty Feet' or simply 'Pretty Feet' because the corpse had 'Dancer's Feet', thought beautiful.

The post-mortem, conducted by Sir Bernard Spilsbury, revealed that the woman was about 25 and five months pregnant. Neither the victim nor her murderer was ever identified.

Chief Inspector Donaldson suspected a local abortionist named Massiah based on what was known about him and on Spilsbury's notes:Internal examination of the torso had not revealed the cause of death; the legs and feet found at King's Cross belonged to the torso; the victim had been well nourished; she had been not younger than twenty-one and not older than twenty-eight, had stood about five feet two inches, and had weighed roughly eight and a half stones; she was five months pregnant at the time of death.

Donaldson asked officers to watch Massiah covertly. One, drafted from Hove, confronted Massiah, expecting him to come quietly. Instead the doctor wrote a list of names and "...it seemed to the policeman that the sun had gone in: all of a sudden the consulting room was a place of sombre shadows....".

The policeman did not tell Donaldson, who heard only when he was warned by a senior officer to back off. Massiah moved to London where a woman died while he was performing an abortion, yet he evaded prosecution. He remained on the General Medical Register and was removed only after he failed to re-register in 1952, following his retirement to Port of Spain, Trinidad. Spilsbury, always on the lookout for evidence of illegal abortions, described no evidence of interference with the pregnancy, and noted that the dismemberment showed no particular anatomical skill.

In 2020, the BBC One documentary Dark Land: Hunting the Killers suggested that George Shotton could be the murderer of the unidentified woman. George Shotton was posthumously named as the murderer of his wife Mamie Stuart at the inquest into her death in 1961.

Violette Kaye and Toni Mancini

Although the first murder was unrelated to the second, it did lead to the discovery of the second trunk murder.

The victim was Violette Kaye (née Watts, also known as Saunders), aged 42. She had been a dancer and sex worker in London, where she had met Toni Mancini, aged 26, who had a criminal record, including theft and loitering, but who worked as a waiter and bouncer. He was also known as Cecil Louis England (his real name), Jack Notyre, Tony English and Hyman Gold. They moved to Brighton together in September 1933 and lived at various addresses.

Kaye and Mancini's relationship was tempestuous. One argument occurred on 10 May 1934 at the Skylark café on the seafront, where Mancini worked, when a drunk Kaye accused him of being romantically involved with a teenage waitress called Elizabeth Attrell. Kaye was never seen again and the following day Mancini told friends she had gone to Paris and gave some of her clothes and belongings to Attrell. Her sister-in-law also received a telegram that read "Going abroad. Good job. Sail Sunday. Will write. --Vi"; it was later established that this had been sent from Brighton that morning, by which time Kaye was already dead.

Mancini then took new lodgings in 52 Kemp Street, close to the station, and transported a trunk to his new flat by handcart. He put the trunk, with Kaye's non-dismembered body inside it, at the foot of his bed, covered it with a cloth and used it as a coffee table – in spite of the smell and leaking fluids, of which visitors complained.

Kaye's absence had been noted by police and Mancini was questioned. Apparently panicked, he went on the run. During the investigation related to the unsolved trunk murder, police searched premises close to the station and stumbled upon Kaye's remains in Mancini's lodgings. Mancini was arrested in South East London. The post mortem was also carried out by Sir Bernard Spilsbury.

Trial

Mancini's trial opened in December 1934 in Lewes Assizes and lasted five days. The prosecution was led by J.C. Cassells and on his team was Quintin Hogg (later Lord Hailsham). Norman Birkett was defence counsel.

The prosecution focused on Kaye's death by a blow to the head. A graphologist confirmed the handwriting on the form for the telegram sent to Kaye's sister matched that on menus Mancini had written at the Skylark café. One witness, Doris Saville, said Mancini had asked her to provide a false alibi. Other witnesses, friends of Mancini, claimed he boasted in the days after the murder of giving his "missus" the biggest hiding of her life.

Birkett's defence focused on Kaye's work as a prostitute and her character. Mancini claimed he had discovered Kaye's body at the flat at 44 Park Crescent, Brighton. Thinking the police would not believe his story because he had a criminal record, he kept the matter a secret and put her body in a trunk. Birkett speculated she could have been murdered by a client or fallen down steps into the flat.

The quality and nature of the forensic evidence were also drawn into doubt by the defence who queried the amount of morphine in Kaye's blood and proved that items of clothing stained with blood had been purchased after Kaye's death. The testimony of Sir Bernard Spilsbury, whose illustrious career as Principal Home Office Pathologist was already in decline, was effectively demolished by the well-planned cross-examination and closing speech of Norman Birkett.  A number of witnesses also confirmed that Mancini and Kaye had seemed a contented couple.

After two and a quarter hours the jury returned a verdict of not guilty.

In 1976 Mancini confessed to a News of the World journalist. He explained that during a blazing row with Kaye, she had attacked him with the hammer he had used to break coal for their fire. He had wrestled the hammer from her, but when she had demanded it back, he had thrown it at her, hitting her on the left temple. A prosecution of Mancini for perjury was considered but rejected due to lack of corroboration.

The case was dramatised in a 1951 episode of Orson Welles' radio drama The Black Museum titled "The Hammerhead" (with the story being changed to reveal the victim's sister as the killer).

1831 murder
The press attention to the 1934 trunk murders revived interest in a previous Brighton trunk murder. In the 19th century, John Holloway murdered his wife Celia Holloway, a painter on the Chain Pier, then transported her body in a trunk on a wheelbarrow to Lover's Walk in Preston Park, Brighton and buried the remains. Holloway was arrested, tried in Lewes and hanged at Horsham gaol on 16 December 1831.

See also
List of unsolved murders in the United Kingdom

References

1934 in England
Crime in Brighton and Hove
Dismemberments
Murder in England
Unidentified murder victims in the United Kingdom
20th century in Sussex
1934 murders in the United Kingdom
1934 deaths
Unsolved murders in England

Brighton trunk murders