"X-Men: Second Coming" is a crossover storyline published by Marvel Comics that runs through most of the X-Men comic books from March to July 2010.

Publication history
Second Coming is the final part of a trilogy of stories that began with "Messiah Complex" and continued in "Messiah War."  Intended as a conclusion to Cable's efforts to save Hope from Bishop, who has hunted the so-called Mutant Messiah since her birth, the series also builds on the "Utopia", "Nation X" and "Necrosha" storylines of 2009 in the X-Men books.

The story centers on the return of Cable and Hope Summers to the present day and Bastion's final campaign to destroy the X-Men.

Plot
Cable and Hope return from the future to the present, sparking action from Bastion and his allies Stephen Lang, Bolivar Trask, William Stryker, Graydon Creed and Cameron Hodge. Bastion tells them that the Mutant Messiah has returned and gives them orders to kill her.

When a firefight breaks out between Cable, Hope and the Purifiers, Wolverine and the others arrive to help. As the Alpha Team (Wolverine, X-23, Angel, Colossus, Nightcrawler, Psylocke and Magik) battle Stryker and his Purifiers, Magik makes her way toward Hope under orders from Wolverine to teleport her to Utopia. A Purifier opens a portal to Limbo that Magik cannot control and she is drawn into it by a cluster of demonic tentacles. The Purifiers also incapacitate Nightcrawler with disorienting weaponry to prevent him from teleporting. Wolverine's team find Cable and Hope and after a short confrontation with another group of Sapien League members, the X-Men and Cable decide on a diversionary tactic. Cable remains behind with some of the X-Men after learning from the New Mutants that he was being tracked, while Rogue, Nightcrawler and Hope leave.

Meanwhile, the New Mutants arrive at Cameron Hodge's facility. Hodge impales Karma's leg in the battle, leading to an eventual amputation. However, the mutants are victorious when Hodge's army of "Smileys" are killed by Warlock at the behest of Cypher. Warlock forcibly absorbs their life forces via their shared connection with the techno-organic Transmode virus.  The New Mutants warn Cyclops of Bastion's powers.

In a missile strike, Ariel is killed. Bastion targets the X-Men's teleporter's. Shortly afterwards, Cyclops loses contact with the Alpha and Beta teams. The Alpha Team is attacked by armoured soldiers, and in response, Psylocke telekinetically sends X-23 to the jet and commandeer it. Nightcrawler, Rogue, and Hope arrive in Nevada. There, Bastion appears and brutally beats Rogue. He is about to kill Hope when Nightcrawler teleports between them and is impaled in the chest. Nightcrawler teleports Hope to Utopia and tells her that he believes in her before dying. When the Alpha Team returns to Utopia, Colossus wants Pixie to rescue Magik from Limbo. In Nevada, Bastion repairs himself and tells his followers to prepare for Plan B. As evening falls, Nightcrawler's funeral is held with Beast arriving to place blame on Cyclops' shoulders.

Three and a half miles away from San Francisco, the X-Club investigate an oil rig and discover a ticking timer. Suddenly, it explodes, and Cyclops is certain that the X-Men's jets, the Blackbirds, have been decimated. Donald Pierce is found standing amid the debris and rues that he will not live to witness the decimation of the mutant race. Cyclops eliminates him with an optic blast and alerts the X-Men to expect an attack. With no teleporters, no planes, and no Cerebra, Cyclops announces that they are trapped on Utopia. Meanwhile, the X-Club Science team are caught in a trap of their own as they recover from the oil rig explosion. They are stranded just outside San Francisco and Utopia.

An offshore explosion rocks Utopia, sending the X-Men reeling. After gathering near the Bay, they find a massive dome of energy enveloping both San Francisco and Utopia. The X-Men quickly attempt to destroy the dome, to no avail. Namor appears and informs Cyclops that the energy dome also descends into the ocean floor making it in actuality a sphere. At the ruins of the oil rig the X-Club attempts to analyze and dispose of the sphere. After a detailed scientific explanation provided by Madison Jeffries, the X-Club find themselves face to face with the Avengers. Thor's efforts to bring down the sphere from the outside also prove futile. In San Francisco, Magma, Namor and Cyclops survey the damage caused by the sphere, meeting at the Golden Gate Bridge. At the bridge, they observe a smaller silver sphere which turns out to be powering the dome. Under Cyclops's orders Iceman attacks the silver sphere only to be choked by a big metal arm. The other X-Men watch in horror as a legion of Nimrod type Sentinels begin to emerge.

With an army of Nimrod model sentinels' continuing to emerge from Bastion's time portal, a massive battle between the X-Men, their allies and Bastion's forces ensues. The X-Men win this battle but with several members severely injured. Cyclops orders the strongest X-Men to guard the portal while the injured are quickly ferried back to Utopia. Bastion tells his minions that the host of Nimrod sentinels faced by the X-Men was only a scouting party.

On Utopia, Cyclops gathers the core X-Men, and Beast explains that Bastion's portal is powered by an energy source of unknown origin. He also notes that the portal is temporal in nature connecting them to another period in history. Prodigy of the New X-Men team discovers that there are at least 170,000 Sentinels waiting on the other side of the portal. Cyclops begins to formulate a new strategy which hinges on Cable using his last time jump to take X-force to the future to deactivate the sentinels. The revelation of the previously secret X-force team causes dismay among the X-Men who were unaware that it existed or was murdering potential threats to mutants. Cyclops sends all battle-worthy mutants to the portal and tells them to prepare for another attack. The Stepford Cuckoos inform Cyclops that another wave of Sentinels are arriving. Colossus, Namor, Rockslide and Dust get ready to fight. Cable initiates the jump, and X-Force leaves that timeline.

The X-Men then engage the Nimrods in battles all around the city. A Nimrod approaches Utopia and breaches its outer wall. Cyclops quickly shuts down several levels of the complex except for those most crucial and the resulting explosion destroys the Nimrod. Within the city and at the Port of Oakland, Storm, Surge, Iceman, Psylocke, Fantomex and Namor manage to destroy several Nimrods through coordinated efforts. Though at low power after a recent coma, Magneto defends the island against many Nimrods to buy Beast time to treat the wounded.

In the future, X-force fights it way into a sentinel Processing Centre where Cypher takes over the programming of Master Mold and they shut down all of the Nimrods in both the present and future. Their mission completed, X-Force retrieves Cable and Cypher, going to the time portal to escape back to the present. Unfortunately, in the ensuing chaos, X-23 is brutally burned while attempting to cross through the portal. X-Force comes to the conclusion that only inorganic matter is able to pass through the portal. With no other alternative Cable sacrifices himself to hold the portal open and allow the others to return home.

Back in the present, as all of the Nimrods suddenly shut down, the X-Men stare in shock. Outside of the dome, Bastion appears with the reanimated Graydon Creed and Stephen Lang commenting that while the Nimrods are gone, mutantkind is still trapped and that he will deal with the remaining mutants himself. After witnessing Cable's sacrifice, Hope manifests various X-Men powers such as Armor's psionic armor and Colossus's organic steel and kills Lang and Creed. With the assistance of the X-Men, she eradicates Bastion and shatters the dome surrounding the city. At a celebratory bonfire, Emma notices the flames around Hope take the shape of the Phoenix. This triggers a flashback to the Sisterhood storyline where Jean freed her from Lady Mastermind's illusion, and told her to "prepare". Seized with terror, Emma runs to Cyclops to warn him.  However, before she can, Cyclops tells her that Cerebra has found five new mutants: Transonic, Velocidad, Oya, Primal, and Zero. They have appeared around the globe.

Tie-ins and one-shots

As part of the cross-over, a number of tie-in mini-series and one-shots were released.

Revelations: X-Factor
Written by Peter David and drawn by Valentine De Landro, this story arc, starting with issue #204, features the reanimated leader of the Mutant Response Division, Bolivar Trask, as he tries to kill every member of X-Factor.

Revelations: Hellbound
Written by Chris Yost and drawn by Harvey Tolibao and Sandu Florea, the three issue mini-series features Magik being banished to Limbo by a weaponised spell where she is conspired against by an old enemy. Cannonball leads a team which includes Northstar, Trance, Dazzler, Gambit, Pixie, and Anole on a mission to rescue her.

Revelations: Blind Science
Written by Simon Spurrier and drawn by Paul Davidson and Francis Portela, this one-shot features members of the X-Club trying to unravel a trap set by Bastion.

Aftermath
After leaving the X-Men due to Cyclops' more militant style of leadership, Beast heads to L.A. to meet up with his girlfriend Abigail Brand who stands him up, only to meet up with Molly Hayes of the Runaways. The two discuss extinction, faith, and living life to its fullest.

Hope is at the Baxter Building with Dr. Nemesis and Rogue, receiving a physical from Mr. Fantastic, as well as conversing with his son Franklin Richards. Upon giving Hope a clean bill of health, Reed suggests that Hope try to locate her family in an attempt to learn more about who she really is. On the way back to Utopia, Hope insists on doing just that.

Cyclops takes some time off to go hunting in the Savage Land, during which he encounters Steve Rogers, who suggests that Cyclops bring the X-Men out of the shadows and into the light as heroes. Rogers arranges to have the President award Scott the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which sways the people of San Francisco to welcome the X-Men back.

During a celebration held on Utopia, Cyclops absconds to converse with Hope, with the objective of discussing a plan to address the five lights. Hope becomes restless and expresses her desire to locate her family. Scott recognizes his improper behavior towards Hope, and resolves to handle the lights himself, while assigning a team to escort Hope to Alaska, which pleases her.

The story line spans-off a new ongoing series, Generation Hope that focuses on the five lights.

Reading order
The comic books involved include issues of New Mutants, Uncanny X-Men, X-Force and X-Men: Legacy with cover dates starting in April 2010 as well as a two-shot titled X-Men: Second Coming published by Marvel Comics, released in March 2010.

March 2010
 Chapter 1: X-Men: Second Coming #1

April 2010
 Chapter 2: Uncanny X-Men #523
 Chapter 3: New Mutants #12
 Chapter 4: X-Men: Legacy #235
 Chapter 5: X-Force #26

May 2010
 Chapter 6: Uncanny X-Men #524
 Chapter 7: New Mutants #13
 Chapter 8: X-Men: Legacy #236
 Chapter 9: X-Force #27

June 2010
 Chapter 10: Uncanny X-Men #525
 Chapter 11: New Mutants #14
 Chapter 12: X-Men: Legacy #237

July 2010
 Chapter 13: X-Force #28
 Chapter 14: X-Men: Second Coming #2

Additional books

February 2010
 Prologue: X-Men: Second Coming Prepare

April 2010
 Cable #25 (renamed Deadpool and Cable #25)- released with chapter 2
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: X-Factor #204 - released with chapter 4

May 2010
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: Hellbound #1 - released with chapter 6
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: X-Factor #205 - released with chapter 8
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: Blind Science #1 - released with chapter 9

June 2010
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: Hellbound #2 - released with chapter 10
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: X-Factor #206 - released with chapter 12

July 2010
 X-Men: Second Coming - Revelations: Hellbound #3 - released with chapter 14
 Uncanny X-Men: The Heroic Age - released with chapter 14
 X-Men Phoenix Force Handbook #1

Collected editions
The comic books are being collected into single volumes:

X-Men: Second Coming (collects Second Coming: Prepare, X-Men: Second Coming #1-2, Uncanny X-Men #523-525, New Mutants #12-14, X-Men: Legacy #235-237 and X-Force #26-28, 472 pages, hardcover, October 2010, )
X-Men: Second Coming Revelations (collects X-Men: Hope, X-Men: Blind Science, X-Men: Hellbound #1-3 and X-Factor 204–206, 200 pages, )

References

External links

Second Coming
Comics by Matt Fraction
New Mutants
Marvel Comics titles
Mutants in fiction
X-Men supporting characters
X-Men titles

X-Men: Second Coming


A flash cartridge is one of several cartridges containing flash memory that have been developed for use in video game consoles. These cartridges enable homebrew applications and games to be used. Flash cartridges offer a means of storage for keeping the games until a user decides to run a game, which then it is copied to the cartridge's game ROM for the console to run the game as if it were a normal ROM cartridge. The game storage can be in the form of onboard flash memory on the cartridge, although more recent cartridges use external memory cards as storage in place of onboard memory, such as Compact Flash or Secure Digital memory cards. Recent flash cartridges may also use RAM instead of ROM for flashing games to run on the console as a way to offer faster loading times than what is possible on reprogrammable ROM.

These cartridges remain the best-known way to create and distribute homebrew games for many consoles, such as the Game Boy Advance. (another option in this case being the GBA Movie Player, which can run specially designed homebrew programs but cannot run illicit copies of commercial GBA Game cartridges due to the lack of onboard RAM for fast data access).

Linkers

Games are written to the cartridge with a device called "linker". Depending on the brand of flash cartridge, the linker either connects to a link port on the console and writes to the cartridge through the console, or connects to a mini-USB slot on the cartridge itself and writes directly to the flash cartridge. These linkers usually connect to a PC through a USB or parallel plug on the other end.  Most linkers that connect to a link slot are capable of copying ROM information from commercial software cartridges. Some more recent flash cartridges use digital media cards (SD, MMC, CF, etc.) in which files are placed via a memory card reader.

Flash card adapters
A number of devices have been released which use popular flash memory cards such as SD and CF for storage. These have proven popular since the development of techniques to run Nintendo DS software from a GBA cartridge, due to the smaller size of DS games and the low price of these cards compared to conventional GBA flash cartridges. Examples of such devices include the M3, R4 and Supercard.

Software
There are those that use a program called LittleWriter to write games to the cartridges. However, some people (especially people with older computers) use other software to write games to the cartridge. An example of this software is X-ROM Frontend by DanSoft Australia.

Some flash cartridges use specialized software designed for the specific cartridge, such as Power Writer and USB Writer software for the Flash2Advance Ultra cartridges. This presents several conflicts in regard to homebrew, as Power Writer uses a large database for proper naming and saving of games. ROMs that are not in the database (such as emulators or any other GBA homebrew) are prone to saving issues, and editing the database manually is difficult and involves the use of a hex editor. Such cartridges often have a proprietary interface, making it difficult or impossible to use operating systems other than Microsoft Windows for writing to the cartridge with a few exceptions.

Other Nintendo flash cartridges

Flash cartridges are also available for other Nintendo consoles, such as the DS, DSi, and the 3DS. The DSi and the 3DS have the ability to update their system firmware via the Internet, which makes it possible for Nintendo to fix the exploit that allowed the flashcarts to work, and essentially block the flashcart from loading on the console. There are also project files existing on the Internet that guide people through creating their own flash cartridge for the original Nintendo Game Boy.

Legality
The legality of flashcarts has been called into question many times, primarily by Nintendo. In a 2010 high court case, the court ruled in Nintendo's favour, and flashcarts were outlawed in the United Kingdom.

In Australia, the R4 cartridge has faced legal troubles. A distributor of the R4 was fined over $600 thousand AUD, and was ordered to destroy any leftover stock they had, and an import of R4 cartridges have been seized by the Australian Border Force, as well as other assorted counterfeit Nintendo products.

Official flash cartridges
Some game consoles have official flash cartridges (and official emulators) used by developers to test prototypes of their games. These cartridges are usually part of the console's software development kit and are only available to licensed developers.

References

Game Boy Advance
Homebrew software
Solid-state computer storage media
Video game distribution
Video game storage media
Japanese inventions

Flash cartridge


KPFA (94.1 FM) is an American listener-funded talk radio and music radio station located in Berkeley, California, broadcasting to the San Francisco Bay Area. KPFA airs public news, public affairs, talk, and music programming. The station signed on the air April 15, 1949, as the first Pacifica Radio station and remains the flagship station of the Pacifica Radio Network.

The station's studios are located in Downtown Berkeley, and the transmitter site is located in the Berkeley Hills.

History
Launched in 1949, three years after the Pacifica Foundation was created by pacifist Lewis Hill, KPFA became the first station in the Pacifica Radio network and the first listener-supported radio broadcaster in the United States. Previously, non-commercial stations were licensed only to serve educational functions as extensions of high schools, colleges, and universities. This departure into listener-oriented programming brought many detractors as KPFA aired controversial programming. The first interview with anyone from the gay political movement was broadcast by KPFA, as well as Allen Ginsberg's poem Howl in the 1950s. In 1954 the broadcast by a group of marijuana reform advocates extolling the pleasures of cannabis resulted in the tape being impounded by the California Attorney General. In the 1960s KPFA and Pacifica were accused of being controlled by the Communist Party, and several challenges to its license were waged, none of them successful.

KPFA was the first station to broadcast a radio show specializing in space music, with the debut of Stephen Hill and Anna Turner's Music from the Hearts of Space in 1973. Ten years later, the show – now known by the shorter title Hearts of Space – was syndicated in the U.S. to NPR stations, while remaining at its first home at KPFA.

In the 1970s and 1980s, it broadcast a weekly long-running radio program called Fruit Punch for gay and lesbian listeners.

Since 1981, the station is known for airing the pioneering culture jamming sound collage show Over the Edge. Originally hosted by Don Joyce of Negativland, it is the longest-running block of free-form audio collage in radio history.

Labor disputes
In 1999 the station was effectively taken over by KPFA's governing Pacifica Foundation, after Dennis Bernstein, the long-established host of the station's Flashpoints news magazine, was forcibly removed by police for airing grievances on air over a labor dispute. A broad cross section of protesters joined in direct action outside of the station in a weeks-long lockout during which station management spent over half a million dollars on security measures.
At one point, listeners created a separate fund to accept listener pledges that would be directed away from the Pacifica Foundation.

In 2007, KPFA derecognized its Unpaid Staff Organization. The staff claimed that Pacifica Radio had been making network more corporate, softening its voice of dissent, and attempting to get rid of some of the volunteers at the station. In 2008, a forcible removal by police of a KPFA volunteer highlighted the concerns between management and volunteer staff.

A member of the KPFA board suggested that it was problematic that there was no grievance procedure for unpaid staff at the station.

In November 2010, the management of Pacifica laid off most of the staff of the popular KPFA Morning Show. The union representing the paid staff of KPFA claims that the lay offs were done in violation of the union contract. Pacifica management says the lay offs were financially necessary and done according to staff seniority. Pacifica management replaced the paid staff of the Morning Show with an all volunteer crew.

Affiliated stations
KPFA's sister stations are WBAI New York, KPFT Houston, KPFK Los Angeles, and WPFW Washington. Pacifica continues today to be a listener-supported network of stations. The main KPFA transmitter is a 59 kilowatt class B, though there is a booster KPFA-FM3 in Oakley. KPFB 89.3 is a smaller station, also in Berkeley, that covers areas of Berkeley that are shielded from the main KPFA signal by the Berkeley Hills. It also carries some separate programming specifically for its Berkeley audience. KPFA programs are also rebroadcast by KFCF in Fresno. KZFR in Chico also carries KPFA's programming from 2:00-6:00 a.m. daily. KZSC Santa Cruz simultaneously broadcasts KPFA's Pacifica Evening News on weeknights. In the Bay Area, Comcast carries KPFA's broadcasts on cable channel 967, as part of its digital radio offering. The channel is labelled "Variety/Berkeley".

See also

References

Further reading

External links
 KPFA official website
 Pacifica Radio Archives
 The Lengthening Shadow: Lewis Hill and the Origins of Listener-Sponsored Radio in America

 List of "Superpower grandfathered" FM radio stations in the U.S.
 KPFA: A Historical Footnote (Seventy five hours of programs and interviews from the 1960s)

Pacifica Foundation stations
Culture of Berkeley, California
Mass media in Berkeley, California
Counterculture of the 1960s
PFA
Radio stations established in 1949
1949 establishments in California

KPFA


John Shuter (9 February 1855 – 5 July 1920) was a cricketer who played for England and Surrey in the late 19th century. He is best remembered for captaining Surrey to a string of wins in the County Championship around the time it became official in 1890, aided by the bowler George Lohmann and back up by John Sharpe and William Lockwood. Shuter first led Surrey to the County Championship in 1887. They then came first in 1888, tied with Lancashire and Nottinghamshire in 1889, and won again in 1890, 1891 and 1892. Shuter was a batsman and chiefly an off-side player.

Shuter was born in Thornton Heath, Surrey, England, the son of Leonard Shuter, a stave timber merchant, and Caroline.  John went to Winchester College, playing in its cricket eleven from 1871 to 1873. Though a Surrey man by birth, Shuter had played much club cricket in Bexley and was thus qualified by residence for Kent. After a single match in 1874, Shuter was rejected by Kent. He first played for his native county in 1877 and the following year jumped abruptly to the front rank of batsmen. He scored a century (then an exceptional feat due to the primitive pitches) against Sussex at Hove the following year and in 1880 became captain of Surrey.

At first, rewards for this move were slow and Surrey entered a crisis around 1883 - by which time Shuter had become established as one of the best batsmen in England despite a number of failures for the Gentlemen against the Players in the years since 1879. However, after overcoming the crisis Surrey rapidly developed into a top-flight county side through Lohmann's bowling, which headed the list of first-class wicket-takers for seven successive years from 1885 to 1891. Shuter had his best seasons in batting from 1882 to 1887, though he never reached 1,000 runs in a season. He played one Test on his home ground in 1888, but by 1890, with only one score of over fifty, it was clear his best days as a batsman were over. He continued though, to play a major role as captain of Surrey until 1893, when owing to the failure of Abel and their other top batsmen, they declined from first to sixth among nine counties.

Shuter made no score above 44 that season and owing to business resigned the captaincy. His only subsequent first-class match was for Surrey against Oxford University in 1909 at the age of fifty-four - with a team including Bill Hitch, over thirty-one years younger.

Long after he retired he was appointed as a Test selector (for the triangular tournament held in 1912) and secretary of Surrey in 1919 - a role which he did not hold for long as a stroke caused his sudden death in 1920. Although most noted for his cricketing exploits, Shuter joined his father in business as a stave timber merchant and cooper. His nephew, Leonard Shuter, was also a first-class cricketer.

References

External links

1855 births
1920 deaths
English cricket administrators
England Test cricketers
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
Surrey cricketers
Surrey cricket captains
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
North v South cricketers
People from Thornton Heath
Sportspeople from the London Borough of Croydon
England cricket team selectors
People educated at Winchester College
Gentlemen of England cricketers

John Shuter


Shield–Wizard Comics was the name of an American comic book series published by MLJ Magazines Inc., more commonly known as MLJ Comics, for thirteen issues between Summer 1940 and Winter 1944.

It featured the titular comics superheroes The Wizard and The Shield and their supporting characters throughout.

Publication history
Shield-Wizard Comics was the fifth title published by MLJ Magazines Inc., the precursor to what would become the publisher Archie Comics. The series was edited by Harry Shorten. Unlike the previous MLJ anthology titles Blue Ribbon Comics, Top-Notch Comics and Pep Comics, as a spin-off from previous titles Shield-Wizard Comics was almost exclusively dedicated to stories of The Shield (from Pep Comics) and The Wizard (from Top-Notch Comics).

Issue #1 (Summer 1940) and #2 (Winter 1940) contained "The Shield - G-Man Extraordinary" strips by Harry Shorten and Irv Novick, and one single-page text story, six months after his introduction in Pep Comics and including his origin for the first time; plus two stories of a historical version of the "Wizard, The Man with the Super-Brain" by Harry Shorten and artist Edd Ashe; not the Blane Whitney version of The Wizard from the Pep Comics title but a historical ancestor from the American Revolutionary War period. The writer/artist team on The Shield changed to Joe Goggins and Clem Harrison from #11 (Summer 1943), while Paul Reinman took up the art position on The Wizard from issue #5 (Fall 1941).

From issue #3 (Spring 1941), The Shield stories became "The Shield with Dusty, the Boy Detective", and The Wizard "The Wizard with Roy the Super Boy", in conjunction with their other MLJ appearances. "Dusty the Boy Detective" also had a number of solo superhero tales in Shield-Wizard Comics #5-8 and #10 (Spring 1943). "Roy the Super Boy" solo adventures carved a more surreal path; his solo appearance in Shield-Wizard Comics #08 (Fall 1942) was a standard adventure/superhero-tale, but #10 (Spring 1943) involved a talking dog, while #11 (Summer 1943) saw Roy going through a painting into prehistoric times; in #12 (Fall 1943) he met his conscience and went to heaven, and he had trouble with a magic carpet in #13 (Winter/Spring 1943). Issue #9 also contained "Shield-Wizard Hall of Fame" - a supposedly true life heroic story of patriot Madge Colter, who worked in the Jeep manufacturers and supposedly saved the public from disaster at the hands of tire thieves.

Shield-Wizard Comics ended with issue #13 (Winter/Spring 1943), although The Shield continued in Pep Comics for several more years.

Notes

References

 Overstreet,Robert M., ed. Official Overstreet Comic Book Price Guide, 38th Edition (Gemstone Publishing, 2008)
 Thompson, Maggie, Brent Frankenhoff and Peter Bickford, eds. Comic Buyer's Guide Standard Catalog of Comic Books (Krause Publications, 2008)

Comics magazines published in the United States
1940 comics debuts
1944 comics endings
Magazines established in 1940
Magazines disestablished in 1944
Magazines about comics
Defunct American comics
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Golden Age comics titles

Shield–Wizard Comics


Robert Bloch's Psychos is a 1997 horror anthology that was being edited by American writer Robert Bloch until his death in 1994. Martin H. Greenberg completed the editorial work posthumously.

List of stories
The book featured the following stories by contributing authors from the Horror Writers Association:

 "Autopsy Room Four" by Stephen King
 "Haunted" by Charles L. Grant
 "Out There in the Darkness" by Ed Gorman
 "Please Help Me" by Richard Christian Matheson
 "The Lesser of Two Evils" by Denise M. Bruchman
 "Point of Intersection" by Dominick Cancilla
 "Doctor, Lawyer, Kansas City Chief" by Brent Monahan
 "Grandpa's Head" by Lawrence Watt-Evans
 "Lonelyhearts" by Esther M. Friesner
 "Lighting the Corpses" by Del Stone Jr.
 "Echoes" by Cindie Geddes
 "Lifeline" by Yvonne Navarro
 "Blameless" by David Niall Wilson
 "Deep Down There" by Clark Perry
 "Knacker Man" by Richard Parks
 "So You Wanna Be a Hitman" by Gary Jonas
 "The Rug" by Edo van Belkom
 "Interview with a Psycho" by Billie Sue Mosiman
 "Icewall" by William D. Gagliani
 "A Southern Night" by Jane Yolen
 "The Forgiven" by Stephen M. Rainey
 "Safe" by Gary A. Braunbeck

References

1997 anthologies
Horror anthologies
Martin H. Greenberg anthologies
Works by Robert Bloch
Books published posthumously
Cemetery Dance Publications books

Robert Bloch's Psychos


Mercury and Argus is an oil on panel painting by the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens. It was created between 1635 and 1638 and is now in the possession of the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister, Dresden, Germany. Another work on the same theme and with the same title, painted on canvas by Rubens between 1636 and 1638, is in the collection of the Prado Museum, Madrid.

Both paintings depict a scene from a Greek myth narrated in Ovid's Metamorphoses (I, 583 ; IX, 687). In the story the god Zeus falls in love with Io, a priestess of his wife Hera. When Hera discovers the affair Zeus transforms Io into a white heifer to protect her from Hera's wrath. Hera discovers the stratagem and demands the heifer as a present, putting it under the protection of Argus Panoptes, the all-seeing one. Zeus sends his wily messenger Mercury to kill Argus and recover the heifer, which Mercury does by lulling Argus to sleep with his pipe music before striking off his head.

In the slightly earlier Dresden work (at right) Mercury is reaching for his sword before launching his attack on Argus, whilst in the Prado work the strike is taking place.

References

1630s paintings
Mythological paintings by Peter Paul Rubens
Collections of the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister
Paintings based on Metamorphoses
Paintings of Mercury (mythology)
Paintings of Roman gods

Mercury and Argus (Rubens)


DeQuan Menzie (born January 11, 1990) is a former American football cornerback. He played college football at Alabama.

High school career
Menzie played high school football at Carver High School in Columbus, Georgia, where he played under coach Dell McGee. Menzie led Caver to the 2007 GHSA AAA state championship.

College career
Menzie attended Copiah-Lincoln Community College in 2008 and 2009. He transferred to the University of Alabama in 2010. As a senior in 2011, he was an AFCA first-team All-American and was a member of the Crimson Tide team that beat LSU in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game.

Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs
Menzie was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the fifth round, 146 overall pick in the 2012 NFL Draft. The Chiefs released him on May 13, 2013.

Detroit Lions
The Detroit Lions claimed Menzie off waivers on May 15, 2013. He was released as part of final cuts on August 27, 2013.

Carolina Panthers
The Carolina Panthers signed Menzie to a reserve/future contract January 3, 2014. He was released by the Panthers on July 26, 2014 and announced his retirement the next day.

References

External links
Alabama Crimson Tide bio
Detroit Lions bio

1990 births
Living people
Alabama Crimson Tide football players
American football cornerbacks
American football safeties
Carolina Panthers players
Copiah-Lincoln Wolfpack football players
Detroit Lions players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Players of American football from Columbus, Georgia

DeQuan Menzie


Kwaak Taanba or Kwaak Jatra or Loidam Kumsaba (literally, "Crow freeing festival") is a traditional festival celebrated by the Meitei ethnicity, in which the King of Manipur sets a crow free from bondage. The event is observed in the 10th lunar day of the "Langban" month of the Meitei calendar (Manipuri calendar). The festival is accompanied with various ceremonial rites and rituals, music and dance performances in the Sana Konung, the Royal Residence of the royalties of Manipur.

Other website
 :en:Kwaak Taanba

References

Meitei festivals

Kwaak Taanba


Vice Admiral Walter Black Massenburg (born 1949) is a retired US Navy admiral and former commander of the Naval Air Systems Command in Patuxent River, Maryland.

He is a 1970 graduate of Washington and Jefferson College, where he majored in physics.

A native of Baltimore, Massenburg was commissioned in 1970. He completed flight training and received his naval aviator wings in 1971. He received a Master of Science degree in systems management from the University of Southern California in 1978 and a Master of Arts degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College in 1990. Operationally, Massenburg served his initial sea tour with Patrol Squadron 45, then as executive officer of the Naval Facility, Antigua, as operations officer of Patrol Squadron 45 and as executive officer and subsequently commanding officer of Patrol Squadron 6. Ashore, he served in operational test with Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 1, as team leader of the Commander, Patrol Wings Atlantic Tactical Training Team in Patrol Squadron 30 and as a member of the Chief of Naval Operations sponsored Antisubmarine Warfare Continuum in the office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Manpower, Personnel and Training. He was subsequently assigned to the staff of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air Warfare) as the antisubmarine warfare aircraft inventory coordinator and, later, served on the staff of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, as the branch chief, Tactical Forces Branch in the Force Structure, Resources and Assessment Directorate. Within NAVAIR, Massenburg has served in the Maritime Surveillance Aircraft Program Office as deputy program manager for the P-3 Anti-Surface Warfare Improvement Program and later assumed command of the Maritime Surveillance Aircraft Program Office. After promotion to rear admiral, he assumed leadership and management responsibility as assistant commander for Logistics in 1999 and then as assistant commander for Aviation Depots in 2003. While serving as the assistant commander for logistics, Massenburg helped create the Naval Aviation Readiness Integrated Improvement Program (NAVRIIP) where he acted as chief operating officer for the program. NAVRIIP is a comprehensive program to drive cost-wise readiness initiatives by identifying and reducing actual costs to Naval Aviation.

Massenburg's personal decorations include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit with two Gold Stars, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal with two Gold Stars and numerous campaign and service awards.

Military awards

References

1949 births
Living people
Military personnel from Baltimore
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
United States Naval Aviators
University of Southern California alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Navy vice admirals
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)

Walter B. Massenburg


Avielochan () is a hamlet in the historical county of Inverness-shire, within the Highland council area of Scotland. It is located north of Aviemore, on the A9 road. The area is noted for its prehistoric cairn.

Geography and wildlife

Avielochan is located in Strathspey in central, northern Scotland, within the Cairngorms National Park. The village is located south of Kinveachy and north of Granish. The settlement takes its name from the body of water Avie Lochan (meaning "the small lake of Avie) archaically named Loch-na- mhoon, measuring about 90 yards long, and 50 across. Prior to the great floods in 1829, there was a floating island on the loch measuring about 30 yards across. It attracts ospreys during the spring and summer months and goldeneye, coot and Slavonian grebe, amongst others. Red squirrel, red deer, roe deer, black grouse and capercaillie inhabit the area.

Buildings
Avelochan Farm lets out self-catering cottages during the warmer months of the year to tourists.
The farm itself covers an area of 270 hectares, with arable fields, rough grazing and woodland. At certain times in the year it has around 80 cattle and some 60 Cheviot ewes which are crossed with a Suffolk tup before they are sold in early autumn.
One building of note is Clach Mhor (meaning 'big stone' in Gaelic) which is located on the edge of the village.

Chamber tomb

The area is noted for its prehistoric chamber tomb stones which are said to be particularly old by some sources, although they have not been dated reliably. The site contains a cairn which is very circular in shape except for a slight flattening at the entrance, where part of a lignite amulet has been unearthed. The tumulus is about 40 feet in diameter.

The cairn is said to be "aligned" with Glen Einich, and has views of the Cairngorm Mountains.

References

Populated places in Badenoch and Strathspey
Tumuli in Scotland
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Highland

Avielochan


Clare Nyakujara is a US based Zimbabwean afro-fusion musician and acoustic player.

Career
Born Clarybel Nakujara, Clare Nyakujara was born in Harare, Zimbabwe where she grew up. She began her career professionally as a backing vocalist for other established artist from 2002 when she started to 2009 and she also performed at Open mic events in Harare during that period. She then recorded her debut album in 2010 called Haudinei which featured songs like Haudinei and Gwenyambira that became popular on radio stations in Zimbabwe mainly Classic 263 FM formerly Spot FM and Haudinei was number one on Power FM Zimbabwe charts for four weeks. The second album titled Unleashed was launched by the Spanish Embassy of Zimbabwe in 2011 and it also had high rotation on Spot FM, Radio Zimbabwe and Power FM Zimbabwe charts then in 2017 she released a collaborative album titled Ndega Zvangu with Ruzivo group.

Clare is a performer at Disney's Animal Kingdom theme park where she is well known for playing the African harp known as the KORA and she won the Zimbabwe Music Awards Best Jazz artist category in 2015 and 2016.

In 2022, Clare Nyakujara authored a book titled Pimp your music business and also created an academic course for musicians on Udemy called Create A Brand That Sells.

Discography

Albums
Haudineyi 2010
Unleashed 2011
Ndodawo
Fambaneni
Ndega Zvangu

Singles
Zuva 2021
Ndodawo 2022

Awards
Best Jazz Artist of the year 2014/15 - Zimbabwe Music Awards
Best Jazz Artist of the year 2015/16 - Zimbabwe Music Awards
Young Businesswoman of the year 2016 - Zimbabwe Business Council

References

21st-century women guitarists
21st-century Zimbabwean women singers
Zimbabwean guitarists
Zimbabwean musicians
1984 births
Living people

Clare Nyakujara


Victor Ramone Scott (born June 1, 1962) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at the University of Colorado.

Early years
Scott attended East St. Louis Senior High School, where he practiced football, basketball and baseball. In football, he helped his school win a state championship, where he caught 6 passes for 116 yards.

He was an All-state, league, city and metro selection. He was named to the Chicago Tribune Super 22 All-star team and was invited to play in the state high school All-star contest.

College career
Scott accepted a football scholarship from the University of Colorado during a low point in the school history, where his teams never had a winning record and he was usually recognized as the most talented player of the defense. He was a four-year starter (43 out 44 games) at cornerback, that also excelled on special teams.

As a junior, he led the team in interceptions with 4, including 2 returned for touchdowns. Against Oklahoma State University, he  intercepted 3 passes, returning 2 for touchdowns of 30 and 25 yards.

As senior, he had 4 interceptions, returning one for a 71-yard touchdown against Kansas State University.

He was named All-Big Eight in 1982 and 1983. He received second-team All-American honors in 1983, and played in the Hula Bowl and the Senior Bowl.

Scott set school career records with 3 interceptions returned for touchdowns and 24 passes defensed. He also had 10 interceptions, 4 blocked field goals and 4 blocked extra points. He received an honorable-mention for the Big Eight All-Decade team of the eighties.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Scott was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the second round  (40th overall) of the 1984 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he won the nickelback role and played on special teams. His diving, fourth-quarter interception in the eleventh game against the St. Louis Cardinals, set up the game's winning touchdown.

The next season, he had a chance to start 3 games at right cornerback in place of an injured Ron Fellows. In the fifteenth game of the season against the New York Giants, he helped the Cowboys clinch the NFC East Championship when he intercepted a Phil Simms pass with 46 seconds remaining in the fourth quarter. He also had 3 sacks, 2 interceptions (one returned for a touchdown), 7 passes defensed and one forced fumble.

In 1986, he was voted the special teams captain, but had an injury plagued season, playing in only 5 games after having early problems with a preseason hamstring injury and breaking his wrist in the fifth game against the Denver Broncos. He returned to play in the last game of the season.

In 1987, he strained a chest muscle that limited him in the preseason. He played in only 6 games, after refusing to take a drug test and being placed on the reserve-non football illness list for personal reasons on October 29. In the final 3 games he made 9 tackles, defended 3 passes and recovered a fumble.

In 1988, he only played in 2 games, after suffering an ankle injury and being placed on the injured reserve list. He also was suspended by the league for testing positive for Cocaine.

In 1990, after being out of football for one year, the Cowboys gave him a chance to make the team, but he was released before the season started.

Orlando Predators (AFL)
Scott signed with the Orlando Predators of the Arena Football League for the 1991 season, where he played as a Wide receiver/linebacker.

San Antonio Force (AFL)
In 1992, he played for the San Antonio Force as a Wide receiver/linebacker.

Massachusetts Marauders (AFL)
Scott signed with the Massachusetts Marauders for the 1994 season, playing as a Wide receiver/linebacker.

References

1962 births
Living people
American football safeties
Colorado Buffaloes football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Massachusetts Marauders players
Orlando Predators players
San Antonio Force players
Players of American football from East St. Louis, Illinois

Victor Scott


The music of Liberia uses many tribal beats and often one of the native dialects, or vernacular. Liberian music includes traditional Gbema music, as well as the popular genre Hipco.

Gbema music or traditional music
Liberian music makes particular use of vocal harmony, repetition and call-and-response song structure as well as such typical West African elements as ululation and the polyrhythm typical of rhythm in Sub-Saharan Africa. Christian music was introduced to Liberia by American missionaries and Christian songs are now sung in a style that mixes American harmonies with West African language, rhythm and the call-and-response format.
Traditional music is performed at weddings, naming ceremonies, royal events and other special occasions, as well as ordinary children's songs, work songs and lullabies.

Popular music
Highlife, and Hiplife music are very popular in Liberia, as elsewhere in West Africa. Both Highlife and Hiplife music evolved out of Africa's original sound called Palmwine Music or Gbema music genre. All African music legends since 1920s were greatly inspired by the Palmwine music which originated out of Liberia in 1918-1920 by indigenous kru tribe of the Grain Coast of Africa. Late in the 1950s, a combination of North American, West African and Latin American styles, emerged in Ghana, Sierra Leone and Liberia, especially among the Liberian Kru people, who were sailors that learned to played Funk, Jazz, and Fuji from Americo Liberians who settled on the African continent from Louisiana, USA during the abolition of Slavery between 1822-1846. The Kru people played Spanish guitar, banjo, pennywhistle, harmonica, accordion, mandolin and concertina and their sounds inspired the rest of African music since then. The Palm wine music also known as Gbema music genre also inspired the evolution of HipCo music in Liberia.

Past and present musicians include Fatu Gayflor and Miatta Fahnbulleh.

The country's most renowned radio station is ELBC, or the Liberian Broadcasting System. Rap and pop music are also performed in indigenous languages across the country.

In 1963, President Tubman set up the new Cape-Palmas Military Band (CPMB). Israeli bandmaster Aharon Shefi formed and conducted a 56-piece concert and marching band that performed Liberian, American and universal folk and church music. The CPMB has performed on January 1, 1964, at President Tubman's inauguration in Monrovia.  Among the pieces played were Highlife, original marches by the late Liberian composer Victor Bowya, the National Anthem and "The Lone Star Forever". The CPMB had also performed in churches, schools, holidays and military parades and official events.

Hipco

Liberia has a unique Liberian rap and singing genre called Hipco, or "Co". The "co" in the genre is short for the Liberian dialect Kolokwa. Hipco is usually performed in Liberian English or the local vernacular. Kolokwa rap in Gbema music evolved in the 1980s but was not branded as HipCo music genre until 2002-2003 when HipCo was founded or established by the Liberian Legendary Detrench, the late DJ SummerTime and MC Switch. HipCo has always had a social and political bent. In the 1990s it continued to develop through the civil wars. Hipco music was becoming popular in 2004 and still is the most popular music genre of Liberia, "serving as the medium through which rappers and singers speak against societal ills, including injustice and corruption and also with an infusion of enticing lyrics for pleasure." UNICEF has worked with Hipco artists to release Hipco songs on Ebola prevention, with several of the songs becoming popular on radio in the country in 2014. Among high-profile Hipco artists are Takun J, DenG, and MC Caro.

See also
 Liberian Entertainment Awards
 Culture of Liberia

References

Music of Liberia


The Arecibo Observatory, also known as the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) and formerly known as the Arecibo Ionosphere Observatory, is an observatory in Barrio Esperanza, Arecibo, Puerto Rico owned by the US National Science Foundation (NSF).

The observatory's main instrument was the Arecibo Telescope, a  spherical reflector dish built into a natural sinkhole, with a cable-mount steerable receiver and several radar transmitters for emitting signals mounted  above the dish. Completed in 1963, it was the world's largest single-aperture telescope for 53 years, surpassed in July 2016 by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) in China. Following two breaks in cables supporting the receiver platform in mid-2020, the NSF decommissioned the telescope. A full collapse of the telescope occurred on December 1, 2020, before either repairs or controlled demolition could be conducted.  In 2022, the NSF announced the telescope will not be rebuilt, with an educational facility to be established on the site.

The observatory also includes a smaller radio telescope, a LIDAR facility, and a visitor center, which remained operational after the telescope's collapse. The asteroid 4337 Arecibo is named after the observatory by Steven J. Ostro, in recognition of the observatory's contributions to the characterization of Solar System bodies.

History

As part of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) missile defense program, ARPA had sought a means to try to detect incoming missiles while they traveled through the ionosphere. The Arecibo Telescope was funded as a means to study Earth's ionosphere for this purpose, and serving a dual-use as a general-purpose radio telescope. Construction of the telescope and its supporting facilities were started in September of 1960, with the telescope operational by 1963. The telescope and supporting observatory were formally opened as the Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory on November 1, 1963.

Ownership of the observatory transferred from the DoD to the National Science Foundation on October 1, 1969. NSF named Cornell University to manage the observatory's functions. By September 1971, NSF renamed the observatory as the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) and had made it a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC). NASA began contributing towards funding of the observatory alongside NSF as to support its planetary radar mission.

In the early 2000s, NASA started to reduce their contribution to the Arecibo Observatory, putting more pressure on NSF to continue to fund the facility.  In 2006, NSF made its first possible suggestion of significantly reducing its funding towards Arecibo and potentially decommissioning the observatory. Academics and politicians lobbied to increase funding bookmarked for Arecibo to stave off its closure, and NASA recommitted funding in 2011 for study of near-earth objects. To further cut losses, in 2011 NSF delisted Arecibo as a FFRDC, removed Cornell as the site operator, and replaced them with a collaborative team led by SRI International, which allowed the observatory to be able to offer its facilities to a wider range of projects.

Damage to the telescope from Hurricane Maria in 2017 led NSF again to consider the possibility of decommissioning the observatory as the costs of maintaining it had become too great. A consortium led by the University of Central Florida (UCF) stepped forward to offer to manage the observatory and cover a significant portion of the operations and maintenance costs, and in 2018, NSF made UCF's consortium the new site operators, though no specific actions were announced.

After an auxiliary and main cable failure on the telescope in August and November 2020, respectively, the NSF announced the decision that they would decommission the telescope through controlled demolition, but that the other facilities on the observatory would remain operational in the future. Before the safe decommission of the telescope could occur, remaining support cables from one tower rapidly failed in the morning of December 1, 2020, causing the instrument platform to crash through the dish, shearing off the tops of the support towers, and partially damaging some of the other buildings, though there were no injuries. NSF stated in 2020 that it was their intention to have the other observatory facilities operational as soon as possible and were looking at plans to rebuild a new telescope instrument in its place.  In 2022, the NSF announced the telescope will not be rebuilt, with an educational facility to be established on the site. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York; the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus in San Juan; and the University of the Sacred Heart, also in San Juan were selected by NSF in 2023 to set up and run an education center called Arecibo C3 (Arecibo Center for Culturally Relevant and Inclusive Science Education, Computational Skills, and Community Engagement).

Facilities

Arecibo Telescope

The observatory's main feature was its large radio telescope, whose main collecting dish was an inverted spherical dome  in diameter with an  radius of curvature, constructed inside a karst sinkhole. The dish's surface was made of 38,778 perforated aluminum panels, each about , supported by a mesh of steel cables. The ground beneath supported shade-tolerant vegetation.

Since its completion in November 1963, the Telescope had been used for radar astronomy and radio astronomy, and had been part of the Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) program. It was also used by NASA for Near-Earth object detection. Since around 2006, NSF funding support for the telescope had waned as the Foundation directed funds to newer instruments, though academics petitioned to the NSF and Congress to continue support for the telescope. Numerous hurricanes, including Hurricane Maria, had damaged parts of the telescope, straining the reduced budget.

Two cable breaks, one in August 2020 and a second in November 2020, threatened the structural integrity of the support structure for the suspended platform and damaged the dish. The NSF determined in November 2020 that it was safer to decommission the telescope rather than to try to repair it, but the telescope collapsed before a controlled demolition could be carried out. The remaining support cables from one tower failed around 7:56 a.m. local time on December 1, 2020, causing the receiver platform to fall into the dish and collapsing the telescope.

NASA led an extensive failure investigation and reported the findings, along with a technical bulletin with industry recommendations. The investigation concluded that "a combination of low socket design margin and a high percentage of sustained loading revealed an unexpected vulnerability to zinc creep and environments, resulting in long-term cumulative damage and progressive zinc/wire failure".

Additional telescopes
The Arecibo Observatory also has other facilities beyond the main telescope, including a  radio telescope intended for very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) with the main telescope; and a LIDAR facility whose research has continued since the main telescope's collapse.

Ángel Ramos Foundation Visitor Center

Opened in 1997, the Ángel Ramos Foundation Visitor Center features interactive exhibits and displays about the operations of the radio telescope, astronomy and atmospheric sciences. The center is named after the financial foundation that honors Ángel Ramos, owner of the El Mundo newspaper and founder of Telemundo. The Foundation provided half of the funds to build the Visitor Center, with the remainder received from private donations and Cornell University.

The center, in collaboration with the Caribbean Astronomical Society, hosts a series of Astronomical Nights throughout the year, which feature diverse discussions regarding exoplanets, astronomical phenomena, and discoveries (such as Comet ISON). The purposes of the center are to increase public interest in astronomy, the observatory's research successes, and space endeavors.

List of directors
Source(s):

 1960–1965: William E. Gordon
 1965–1966: John W. Findlay
 1966–1968: Frank Drake
 1968–1971: Gordon Pettengill
 1971–1973: Tor Hagfors
 1973–1982: Harold D. Craft Jr.
 1982–1987: Donald B. Campbell
 1987–1988: Riccardo Giovanelli
 1988–1992: Michael M. Davis
 1992–2003: Daniel R. Altschuler
 2003–2006: Sixto A. González
 2006–2007: Timothy H. Hankins
 2007–2008: Robert B. Kerr
 2008–2011: Michael C. Nolan
 2011–2015: Robert B. Kerr
 2016–2022: Francisco Córdova
 2022–2023: Olga Figueroa
 2023–present: Wanda Liz Díaz Merced

See also

 Air Force Research Laboratory (US)
 Atacama Large Millimeter Array (Chile)
 Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (China)
 List of radio telescopes
 RATAN-600 (Russia)
 UPRM Planetarium, projection room in the University of Puerto Rico

References

Further reading

Entry into the National Register of Historic Places

https://blogs.iu.edu/sciu/2021/07/03/arecibos-50-years-of-discoveries/

External links

1963 establishments in Puerto Rico
Astronomical observatories in Puerto Rico
Government buildings completed in 1963
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmarks
Museums in Arecibo, Puerto Rico
National Science Foundation
Radio telescopes
Science museums in Puerto Rico
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
University museums in Puerto Rico
Advanced Research Projects Agency
National Register of Historic Places in Arecibo, Puerto Rico
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Puerto Rico
University of Central Florida

Arecibo Observatory


Vanja Dukic is an expert in computational statistics and mathematical epidemiology who works as a professor of applied mathematics at the University of Colorado Boulder. Her research includes work on using internet search engine access patterns to track diseases, and on the effects of climate change on the spread of diseases.

Dukic earned a bachelor's degree in finance and actuarial mathematics from Bryant University in 1995.
She completed her doctorate at Brown University in 2001, under the joint supervision of biostatisticians Constantine Gatsonis and  Joseph Hogan. She worked as a faculty member in the biostatistics program of the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of Chicago from 2001 to 2010, before moving to Colorado.

In 2015 she was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association "for important contributions to Bayesian modeling of complex processes and analysis of Big Data, substantive and collaborative research in infectious diseases and climate change, and service to the profession, including excellence in editorial work."

Select publications

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
American statisticians
Women statisticians
Biostatisticians
Bryant University alumni
Brown University alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Colorado Boulder faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
21st-century women mathematicians
21st-century American women

Vanja Dukic


Tracy Ham (born January 5, 1964) is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played for the Edmonton Eskimos, the Toronto Argonauts, the Baltimore Stallions, and the Montreal Alouettes. He was known for his abilities as a dual-threat quarterback. He played college football for the Georgia Southern Eagles, where he became the first quarterback to rush for 3,000 yards and pass for 5,000 yards in a career. Ham is an inductee of both the College Football Hall of Fame and the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

Playing career

College
With the Georgia Southern Eagles, Ham helped lead the team to back-to-back Division I-AA titles. The Eagles defeated Furman in the 1985 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game, with Ham throwing for 419 yards and four touchdowns along with running in a two-point conversion. The following year, the Eagles defeated Arkansas State in the 1986 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game, with Ham rushing for 180 yards and three touchdowns, while also passing for 306 yards and one touchdown. In 2007, Ham was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Professional
After his college career, Ham was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the ninth round of the 1987 NFL Draft. However, on May 22, 1987, Ham signed a three-year deal with the Edmonton Eskimos of the CFL due to a belief that NFL teams wanted him to play a position other than quarterback. With the Eskimos, he served as the third-string quarterback behind Matt Dunigan and Damon Allen and was a member of their Grey Cup winning team that season. With the trading of Dunigan to the BC Lions and injuries to Allen, Ham established himself as their new starting quarterback. He passed for 2840 yards and ran for another 628. In 1989, he won the CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award in leading the Eskimos to a 16-2 record, throwing for 4366 yards on 268 completions out of 517 attempts with 30 touchdowns to 18 interceptions. Ham became the first CFL quarterback to rush for over 1,000 yards with 1005 on 125 carries and with 10 touchdowns. Unfortunately for the Eskimos, they were upset in the West Division Final to the 9-9 Saskatchewan Roughriders, who went on to win the Grey Cup.

In 1990 Ham added another 1000 yard rushing season with 1096 and passed for 4286 yards leading the Eskimos to the Grey Cup. However, the team was handily beaten by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 50-11. The next year Ham ran for 998 yards and passed for 3862. Ham endured an injury plagued season in 1992 but played well enough to pass for 3655 yards and to run for 655. He was dealt to the Toronto Argonauts in a blockbuster eight-for-eight trade 1993, but the Argos suffered through a 3-15 record. He threw for 2147 yards and ran for 605, struggling to adapt to the Run & Shoot offense.

With the CFL expanding into the United States, Ham joined the newly-established Baltimore team in 1994. He gained his last plus 4000 yard passing season with 4348 and ran for 613 yards. Ham led the team, not yet named the Stallions, to the Grey Cup, where they were defeated by the Lions. Finally, in 1995, Ham led the Stallions to the only Grey Cup win by a US-based team in a 37-20 defeat of the Calgary Stampeders; he won Grey Cup MVP honours for his efforts. In the regular season, he passed for 3357 yards and ran for 610.

With the demise of the US-based teams, the core of the Stallions franchise was transferred to Montreal where they became the third incarnation of the Alouettes. The team's offense was geared to the running attack, especially when Mike Pringle returned from the NFL midway through the 1996 season. Ham would spend two seasons as the clear-cut starting quarterback, but in 1998 he began to share passing duties with Anthony Calvillo and he retired after the 1999 season.

In his career from 1987 to 1999 Ham accumulated 40,534 passing yards which currently ranks seventh all-time. He threw 4943 times with 2670 completions, 164 interceptions and 284 touchdowns. His 8043 rushing yards presently puts him in tenth all time and second among quarterbacks, behind only Damon Allen. He tallied 1059 carries with 62 touchdowns. In 2010, Ham was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

Coaching career
In 2002, Ham was hired to serve as head coach of the Clark Atlanta Panthers football team. He led the Panthers to records of 2–9 in 2002 and 0–11 in 2003 before he was fired prior to the start of the 2004 season.

Head coaching record

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Baltimore Stallions players
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian Football League Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Canadian football quarterbacks
Clark Atlanta Panthers football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Edmonton Elks players
Georgia Southern Eagles football players
Montreal Alouettes players
Players of American football from Gainesville, Florida
Players of Canadian football from Florida
Toronto Argonauts players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

Tracy Ham


Dark River is a 1990 British film starring Tom Bell, Siân Phillips, Kate Buffery, Ian McNeice and Tony Haygarth. The film was an official selection at the 1990 Montreal World Film Festival and the Ghent Film Festival of the same year.

Plot summary
The film is set in a British colony on the banks of a river flowing through the lowlands of Africa. A stranger named Deacon arrives in the tight-knit community, refusing to abide by its self-serving code. He immediately enters into disputes with the locals, including: businessman K.B. Priestley, who uses his authority in the community to disguise his personal weaknesses; his daughter Lydia, who uses the men in the community as rungs in her climb out of provincialism; Yorkie, a sour, manipulative club barman; and widow and cocoa heiress Mrs Blessington, who plays puppet-master from a distance.

Deacon writes and publishes a novel which draws on their weaknesses, which becomes a success back home, causing problems for its author. Before sunrise one morning, a boat sets sail upriver, carrying First Secretary Hugo Shrike and Deacon, who has made a rendezvous with a person he intends to kill.

External links

British television films
1990 films

Dark River (1990 film)


A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Hamburg, Manchester and Duluth; these access the sea via rivers or canals. Because of their roles as ports of entry for immigrants as well as soldiers in wartime, many port cities have experienced dramatic multi-ethnic and multicultural changes throughout their histories.

Ports are extremely important to the global economy; 70% of global merchandise trade by value passes through a port. For this reason, ports are also often densely populated settlements that provide the labor for processing and handling goods and related services for the ports.  Today by far the greatest growth in port development is in Asia, the continent with some of the world's largest and busiest ports, such as Singapore and the Chinese ports of Shanghai and Ningbo-Zhoushan. As of 2020, the busiest passenger port in Europe is the Port of Helsinki in Finland. Nevertheless, countless smaller ports do exist that may only serve their local tourism or fishing industries.

Ports can have a wide environmental impact on local ecologies and waterways, most importantly water quality, which can be caused by dredging, spills and other pollution. Ports are heavily affected by changing environmental factors caused by climate change as most port infrastructure is extremely vulnerable to sea level rise and coastal flooding. Internationally, global ports are beginning to identify ways to improve coastal management practices and integrate climate change adaptation practices into their construction.

Historical ports

Wherever ancient civilisations engaged in maritime trade, they tended to develop sea ports. One of the world's oldest known artificial harbors is at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea. Along with the finding of harbor structures, ancient anchors have also been found.

Other ancient ports include Guangzhou during Qin Dynasty China and Canopus, the principal Egyptian port for Greek trade before the foundation of Alexandria. In ancient Greece, Athens' port of Piraeus was the base for the Athenian fleet which played a crucial role in the Battle of Salamis against the Persians in 480 BCE. In ancient India from 3700 BCE, Lothal was a prominent city of the Indus valley civilisation, located in the Bhal region of the modern state of Gujarāt. Ostia Antica was the port of ancient Rome with Portus established by Claudius and enlarged by Trajan to supplement the nearby port of Ostia. In Japan, during the Edo period, the island of Dejima was the only port open for trade with Europe and received only a single Dutch ship per year, whereas Osaka was the largest domestic port and the main trade hub for rice.

Post-classical Swahili kingdoms are known to have had trade port islands and trade routes with the Islamic world and Asia. They were described by Greek historians as "metropolises". Famous African trade ports such as Mombasa, Zanzibar, Mogadishu and Kilwa were known to Chinese sailors such as Zheng He and medieval Islamic historians such as the Berber Islamic voyager Abu Abdullah ibn Battuta.

Many of these ancient sites no longer exist or function as modern ports. Even in more recent times, ports sometimes fall out of use. Rye, East Sussex, was an important English port in the Middle Ages, but the coastline changed and it is now  from the sea, while the ports of Ravenspurn and Dunwich have been lost to coastal erosion.

Modern ports
Whereas early ports tended to be just simple harbours, modern ports tend to be multimodal distribution hubs, with transport links using sea, river, canal, road, rail and air routes. Successful ports are located to optimize access to an active hinterland, such as the London Gateway. Ideally, a port will grant easy navigation to ships, and will give shelter from wind and waves. Ports are often on estuaries, where the water may be shallow and may need regular dredging. Deep water ports such as Milford Haven  are less common, but can handle larger ships with a greater draft, such as super tankers, Post-Panamax vessels and large container ships. Other businesses such as regional distribution centres, warehouses and freight-forwarders, canneries and other processing facilities find it advantageous to be located within a port or nearby. Modern ports will have specialised cargo-handling equipment, such as gantry cranes, reach stackers and forklift trucks.

Ports usually have specialised functions: some tend to cater mainly for passenger ferries and cruise ships; some specialise in container traffic or general cargo; and some ports play an important military role for their nation's navy. Some third world countries and small islands such as Ascension and St Helena still have limited port facilities, so that ships must anchor off while their cargo and passengers are taken ashore by barge or launch (respectively).

In modern times, ports survive  or decline, depending on current economic trends.  In the UK, both the ports of Liverpool and Southampton were once significant in the transatlantic passenger liner business. Once airliner traffic decimated that trade, both ports diversified to container cargo and cruise ships. Up until the 1950s the Port of London was a major international port on the River Thames, but changes in shipping and the use of containers and larger ships have led to its decline. Thamesport, a small semi-automated container port (with links to the Port of Felixstowe, the UK's largest container port) thrived for some years, but has been hit hard by competition from the emergent London Gateway port and logistics hub.

In mainland Europe, it is normal for ports to be publicly owned, so that, for instance, the ports of Rotterdam and Amsterdam are owned partly by the state and partly by the cities themselves.

Even though modern ships tend to have bow-thrusters and stern-thrusters, many port authorities still require vessels to use pilots and tugboats for manoeuvering large ships in tight quarters. For instance, ships approaching the Belgian port of Antwerp, an inland port on the River Scheldt, are obliged to use Dutch pilots when navigating on that part of the estuary that belongs to the Netherlands.

Ports with international traffic have customs facilities.

Types

The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of facilities handling ocean-going vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels.

Inland port

An inland port is a port on a navigable lake, river (fluvial port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean, which therefore allows a ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of this is the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several thousand kilometers inland to Great Lakes ports like Toronto, Duluth-Superior, and Chicago.  The term "inland port" is also used for dry ports.

Seaport
A seaport is a port located on the shore of a sea or ocean. It is further categorized as commercial and non-commercial:

Commercial ones includes "cruise ports" and "cargo ports". Additionally, "cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call"; and "cargo port" is also further categorized into a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port".

Non-commercial seaports are marina and fishing ports.

Cargo port
Cargo ports are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by a variety of mechanical means.

Bulk cargo ports may handle one particular type of cargo or numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports".

Ports that handle containerized cargo are known as container ports.

Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, individual cargo ports may be divided into different operating terminals which handle the different types of cargoes, and may be operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators, or stevedores.

Cruise port
A cruise home port is the port where cruise ship passengers board (or embark) to start their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetables, champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are very busy places during the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Cruise home ports tend to have large passenger terminals to handle the large number of passengers passing through the port. The busiest cruise home port in the world is the Port of Miami, Florida.

Port of call
A port of call is an intermediate stop for a ship on its sailing itinerary. At these ports, cargo ships may take on supplies or fuel, as well as unloading and loading cargo while cruise liners have passengers get on or off ship.

Fishing port
A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical.

Marina
A marina is a port for recreational boating.

Warm-water port
A warm-water port (also known as an ice-free port) is one where the water does not freeze in winter. This is mainly used in the context of countries with mostly cold winters where parts of the coastline freezes over every winter. Because they are available year-round, warm-water ports can be of great geopolitical or economic interest. Such settlements as Narvik in Norway, Dalian in China, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Vostochny Port in Russia, Odesa in Ukraine, Kushiro in Japan and Valdez at the terminus of the Alaska Pipeline owe their very existence to being ice-free ports. The Baltic Sea and similar areas have ports available year-round beginning in the 20th century thanks to icebreakers, but earlier access problems prompted Russia to expand its territory to the Black Sea.

Dry port

A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.

Smart port

A smart port uses technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) to be more efficient at handling goods. Smart ports usually deploy cloud-based software as part of the process of greater automation to help generate the operating flow that helps the port work smoothly. At present, most of the world's ports have somewhat embedded technology, if not for full leadership. However, thanks to global government initiatives and exponential growth in maritime trade, the amount of intelligent ports has gradually increased. This latest report by business intelligence provider Visiongain assesses that Smart Ports Market spending will reach $1.5 bn in 2019.

Environmental issues

Ports and their operation are often a cause of environmental issues, such as sediment contamination and spills from ships and are susceptible to larger environmental issues, such as human caused climate change and its effects.

Dredging

Every year 100 million cubic metres of marine sediment are dredged to improve waterways around ports. Dredging, in its practice, disturbs local ecosystems, brings sediments into the water column, and can stir up pollutants captured in the sediments.

Invasive species
Invasive species are often spread by the bilge water and species attached to the hulls of ships. It is estimated that there are over 7000 invasive species transported in bilge water around the world on a daily basis Invasive species can have direct or in-direct interactions with native sea life. Direct interaction such as predation, is when a native species with no natural predator is all of a sudden prey of an invasive specie. In-direct interaction can be diseases or other health conditions brought by invasive species.

Air pollution
Ports are also a source of increased air pollution as a result of ships and land transportation at the port. Transportation corridors around ports have higher exhaust emissions and this can have related health effects on local communities.

Water quality
Water quality around ports is often lower because of both direct and indirect pollution from the shipping, and other challenges caused by the port's community, such as trash washing into the ocean.

Spills, pollution and contamination
Sewage from ships, and leaks of oil and chemicals from shipping vessels can contaminate local water, and cause other effects like nutrient pollution in the water.

Climate change and sea level rise
Ports and their infrastructure are very vulnerable to climate change and sea level rise, because many of them are in low-lying areas designed for status quo water levels. Variable weather, coastal erosion, and sea level rise all put pressure on existing infrastructure, resulting in subsidence, coastal flooding and other direct pressures on the port.

Reducing impact
There are several initiatives to decrease negative environmental impacts of ports. The World Port Sustainability Program points to all of the Sustainable Development Goals as potential ways of addressing port sustainability. These include SIMPYC, the World Ports Climate Initiative, the African Green Port Initiative, EcoPorts and Green Marine.

World's major ports

Africa
The port of Tangier Med is the largest port on the Mediterranean and in Africa by capacity and went into service in July 2007.
The busiest port in Africa is Port Said in Egypt.

Asia

The port of Shanghai is the largest port in the world in both cargo tonnage and activity. It regained its position as the world's busiest port by cargo tonnage and the world's busiest container port in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It is followed by the ports of Singapore, Hong Kong and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, all of which are in East and Southeast Asia.

The port of Singapore is the world's second-busiest port in terms of total shipping tonnage, it also transships a third of the world's shipping containers, half of the world's annual supply of crude oil, and is the world's busiest transshipment port.

Europe

Europe's busiest container port and biggest port by cargo tonnage by far is the Port of Rotterdam, in the Netherlands. It is followed by the Belgian Port of Antwerp or the German Port of Hamburg, depending on which metric is used. In turn, the Spanish Port of Valencia is the busiest port in the Mediterranean basin, while the Portuguese Port of Sines is the busiest atlantic port.

North America

The largest ports include the South Louisiana, Houston, Port of New York/New Jersey, Los Angeles in the U.S., Manzanillo in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade.

Oceania
The largest port in Australia is the Port of Melbourne.

South America
According to ECLAC's "Maritime and Logistics Profile of Latin America and the Caribbean", the largest ports in South America are the Port of Santos in Brazil, Cartagena in Colombia, Callao in Peru, Guayaquil in Ecuador, and the Port of Buenos Aires in Argentina.

See also
Anchorage (shipping)
Megaproject
Marina - port for recreational boating
Port management
Port operator
Ship transport

Other logistics hubs
Airport
Spaceport
Port of entry

Lists
Lists of ports
List of busiest cruise ports by passengers

References

External links

Port Industry Statistics, American Association of Port Authorities
Information on yachting facilities at ports around the world from Noonsite.com
Social & Economic Benefits of PORTS from "NOAA Socioeconomics" website initiative
 Antunes, Cátia: Early Modern Ports, 1500-1750, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2011, retrieved: November 2, 2011.

Nautical terminology
Infrastructure
Industrial buildings and structures

Port


Solon Michaelides (12 November 190510 September 1979) was a Cypriot composer, teacher and musicologist. He taught himself the guitar as a schoolkid. He was appointed guitar teacher in the Cypriot Conservatory, where he learned piano. He studied in the UK and France. After his studies he spend the next two decades in Limassol. He created a choir that survives today as Aris choir, with which he presented opera (Dido and Aeneas) and oratorio classics as well as choral works. He was a music teacher at Lanitio school. He moved to Salonika in the 1950s, where he continued teaching and created a symphony orchestra that was nationalised in the 1960s and is still active today. He wrote extensively, including books on the harmony of modern music, Cypriot music, modern Greek music and his Encyclopaedia of Ancient Greek Music. He composed several works for choir, orchestra and solo such as the archaic suite, Eleftheria etc. His archive was left to the municipality of Limassol where he spent his most creative years. There is a dedicated museum-archive building housing the archive next to the municipal conservatoire. Works by Michaelides have been recorded by Greek symphony orchestras. There is also a dedicated cd which is a live recording his works in concert with a combined choir of members of Aris and Foni tis Kerynias choirs, and the Cyprus symphony orchestra

External links
http://www.limassolmunicipal.com.cy/archives/index_en.html
http://www.kyreniachoir.com.cy/

1905 births
1979 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Greek people
20th-century classical pianists
Cypriot classical pianists
Cypriot composers
Male composers
Greek classical composers
Greek classical guitarists
Greek classical pianists
Male classical composers
20th-century guitarists
Male classical pianists
20th-century male musicians

Solon Michaelides


Rebellatrix divaricerca ("rebel coelacanth (with a) forked tail", after the unique tail fin) is a large prehistoric coelacanth from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain formation and Wapiti Lake Provincial Park of British Columbia. It is the only known species of the family Rebellatricidae. R. divaricerca's most distinguishing feature was its tuna-like forked tail (unusual for an actinistian fish), which suggested a fast-swimming and active lifestyle, unlike coelacanths related to the living species.

PRPRC 2006.10.001, the holotype specimen, is a nearly complete fossil, with the exception of some fins and a large amount of the skull, as well as an incomplete tail fin. Three other specimens reveal the rest of the tail. Most specimens at the Tumbler Ridge Museum in Tumbler Ridge, with one at the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology.

Rebellatrix may have reached  in length. In addition to its uniquely forked (and symmetrical) tail fin, the posterior dorsal fin is behind the anal fin rather than opposite it. Rebellatrix is believed to have been a fast-swimming predator, since its tail is clearly built for speed, and modern coelacanths only use the tail fin when attacking prey, and would have been one of the first non-sharks to fill this niche.

References

Coelacanthiformes
Prehistoric bony fish genera
Triassic bony fish
Fossils of British Columbia
Fossil taxa described in 2012

Rebellatrix


Step Up All In is an American 2014 romantic and musical drama movie. The movie is about a dance crew that are rejected at every audition they go to. The crew decide to leave Los Angeles and come back to Miami. Briana Evigan plays Andie. Alyson Stoner plays Camille.

This movie was released on August 8, 2014. It got mixed reviews from critics. It made more than $86 million in the box office.

2014 romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies

Step Up All In


GoldenEye is a 1995 British action-adventure espionage movie. It was released in November 1995. Starring in this are Pierce Brosnan (as James Bond) and Judi Dench (she plays M). GoldenEye was the seventeenth spy feature in the James Bond series. This was also the first one after a six-year break, which was the result of legal disputes. GoldenEye made over $350 million worldwide. According to critics, Brosnan acted the role of James Bond much better than his predecessor Timothy Dalton. Tina Turner sings the title song of the movie.

Release dates

Cast
 Pierce Brosnan as James Bond
 Sean Bean as Alec Trevelyan
 Izabella Scorupco as Natalya Fyodorovna Simonova
 Famke Janseen as Xenia Zirgavna Onatopp
 Judi Dench as M
 Joe Don Baker as Jack Wade
 Michael Kitchen as Bill Tanner
 Robbie Coltrane as Valentin Zukovsky
 Gottfried John as General Arkady Grigorovich Ourumov
 Alan Cumming as Boris Grishenko
 Tchéky Karyo as Dimitri Mishkin
 Serena Gordon as Caroline
 Michelle Arthur as Anna
 Billy J. Mitchell as Chuck Farrell
 Minnie Driver as Irina
 Peter Majer as Dimitri

Other websites

1995 action movies
1990s action thriller movies
1995 crime thriller movies
1990s spy movies
1990s English-language movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in Russia
Movies set in France
Movies set in Monaco
Movies set in Cuba
Movies about terrorism
Movies about technology
Movies about revenge
Movies directed by Martin Campbell

GoldenEye


The Sigiburg was a Saxon hillfort in Western Germany, overlooking the River Ruhr near its confluence with the River Lenne. The ruins of the later Hohensyburg castle now stand on the site, which is in Syburg, a neighbourhood in the Hörde district of Dortmund. Archaeological evidence suggests the site was occupied in the Neolithic era. The hillfort was raised ca. 700 by Westphalian Saxons. During the Saxon Wars, it was taken by the Franks under Charlemagne in 772, retaken by the Saxons (possibly under Widukind) in 774, and taken again and refortified by Charlemagne in 775.

References

Hill forts in Germany
Medieval archaeological sites in Europe

Sigiburg


Jan Wiegers (Kommerzijl, 31 July 1893 – Amsterdam, 30 November 1959) was a Dutch expressionist painter.Wiegers was educated as a sculptor at the Academie Minerva in Groningen, but he also studied painting at the Academies of Rotterdam under A. H. R. Van Maasdijk and The Hague under Frederik Jansen.

Having left the academies he produced paintings, sculptures, wood-carvings and furniture for churches throughout Germany and Switzerland.  In 1917 he became a member of the group of artists called De Ploeg (the plough), a similar group to Die Brücke but with a tendency towards abstraction.

During a stay in the Davos in 1920, he became friends with the German Expressionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner who became a strong influence on his art. In 1934 he moved to Amsterdam and co-founded the magazine De kroniek van kunst en kultuur. In 1953 he was appointed professor of the National Academy. Wiegers' work was included in the 1939 exhibition and sale Onze Kunst van Heden (Our Art of Today) at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam.

Wiegers died 30 November 1959 in Amsterdam.

References

External links

Jan Wiegers (1893–1959), Invaluable

1893 births
1959 deaths
Dutch painters
Dutch male painters
Expressionist painters
People from Zuidhorn

Jan Wiegers


Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour is the first of two theatrical productions by Cirque du Soleil. It uses music by Michael Jackson. The show was written and directed by Jamie King. The first show was in October 2011. By December 2011 the show had sold out over $100 million in tickets. On November 21, 2011 Immortal, the soundtrack album to the show, was released by Epic Records. There are 20 songs on the album. It sold 43,000 copies in its first week.

References

Michael Jackson


Annie Chikhwaza (born 26 May 1944, in Burgwerd) is a Dutch missionary known as a 'Mother of Malawi' for her work with orphans in Africa through Kondanani Children's Village, an NGO, which has been called "a five star orphanage" and "a centre of excellence" in a Channel 4 documentary. Many of the orphans are survivors of HIV/AIDS and Chikhwaza has built a village at Bvumbwe in Thyolo District of Malawi which includes an infant care facility, children's homes, nursery school, primary school and farm.

Early life and career

Born Antje Saakje Terpstra in Friesland in the Netherlands, the eldest daughter of a family of five children, she was trained as a psychiatric nurse in the Netherlands before moving to England in 1965 where she married David William Robson in March 1966. She and her husband moved to South Africa the same year and they had four children before they divorced in 1982. In 1980 she started Rhema Alexandra, an organisation aimed at helping to alleviate poverty in what was a volatile township, in the Johannesburg area. In 1993 she married Lewis Chikhwaza, a Malawian pastor and moved to Bvumbwe near Blantyre where she continued to help the poor and started a nursery school. In 1996 she sustained a brutal attack on her life which made headlines in the Malawian media. Malawi News Online reported: "The Dutch woman married to Pastor Lewis Chikhwaza of the Bible Faith Ministries of Blantyre sustained multiple injuries when a horde of angry villagers descended on her executing instant justice." Though she nearly died, Chikhwaza survived the attack and went back to South Africa to recuperate but returned to Malawi 18 months later. Standing with an HIV/AIDS-infected baby, she felt the call to start an orphanage,she and Lewis founded Kondandani Children's Village in 1998.

Annie Chikhwaza's life story is captured in the biography Mother of Malawi – published worldwide by Lion Hudson.

Kondanani Children's Village

Cross International describes Kondanani as "a Christ-centered orphanage that cares for children from birth until they are fully grown, educated and ready to launch out on their own. Most of the children are AIDS orphans" The Christian relief and development organization also presents a video of the children of Kondanani singing the orphanage anthem, 'Children of Destiny'. Christian television network, GOD TV supports Kondanani and describes its founder: "Annie Chikhwaza is a dedicated caregiver who at a time when other orphanages would not admit babies because of the cost, embarked on admitting these little ones so that they would not be left to die. Now with well over 100 orphans in her care it is heart-rending to see how these children are blossoming and developing skills which will give them  brighter future." The orphanage is financed by family trusts, charities such as Cross International and GOD TV and has received local support from The Press Trust in Malawi.

Journalist Jacques Peretti describes his visit to Kondanani in The Guardian: "I am directed round the immaculate dormitories ,play areas ,dining hall and creche, walking down pristine paths bordered with stones and flowers... It is all absolutely and undeniably fantastic. It looks like a 19th-century public school in a British colony in Africa - which is pretty much what it is. Everywhere across Malawi, children sit quietly by the roadside, waiting for life to do something terrible to them. Here, they run up to you speaking perfect English, each more impossibly charming, clever, funny and take-home-able than the last."

Media attention

Chikhwaza has featured on television internationally. The Dutch TV station, Evangelische Omroep (EO) broadcast a documentary on her life, Annie Terpstra, mem in Malawi, and she was featured in an episode of The Helping Dutchman. GOD TV aired a series of weekly interviews with her on In Depth with David Aldous and the work of Kondanani has featured on Behind the Screens with Rory & Wendy Alec.

When American celebrity Madonna went to Malawi to adopt a baby in 2008, Kondanani became the target of global media attention. Her adoption of a baby girl from the orphanage was initially rejected by a Malawian Court, causing controversy and Britain's Channel 4 focused on Kondanani in a series entitled Madonna and Mercy: What Really Happened.

Dan McDougall of the Sunday Times visited Kondanani in 2011 and interviewed Chikhwaza as part of an investigation into good and bad aid to Africa. His article 'Ambition impossible' was critical of Madonna's adoption of Mercy and the termination of her project to build a school in the country, while acknowledging that "there are successful orphanages in Malawi" and referring to "Annie Chikhwaza, who operates the highly regarded Kondanani Children's Village orphanage".

In a video accompanying his Sunday Times report, McDougall also observes: "With fundraising comes accountability, this raises the concerns of NGO workers on the ground, including Annie Chikhwaza, who runs a wonderful orphanage called Kondanani, which in fact was an inspiration for Madonna. Annie told me that she was very concerned about celebrities starting charities and then spreading themselves very thin and therefore losing control. Annie's orphanage is successful because she controls it with a rod of iron, every single penny is accounted for. That's why it is a successful charity because in Africa you have to keep a tight watch on things... Donors who give money need to know exactly what has happened to it."

Biography and speaking engagements

Chikhwaza has travelled to the USA, UK, the Netherlands, Australia and South Africa as a guest speaker. She has spoken in Laguna Beach, CA, and in April 2013 she visited the UK where she spoke in several churches as part of her 'Mother of Malawi' Book Tour. In 2014 she visited Perth, Melbourne and Brisbane and was interviewed by several Australian radio stations including ABC; and Sight Magazine.

Adoptions

Chikhwaza has been criticised for undertaking international adoptions including that of Madonna's adoption of Mercy James from the orphanage. However she believes that no child should be denied being brought up in a home with their own parents if that option exists, even if it is an international adoption. In addition to caring for 181 children at Kondanani Chikhwaza she has arranged several adoptions mainly from her homeland, working through the Malawian Courts and Ministry of Social Welfare and a Dutch Adoption Agency. Dutch TV have covered the story of Jan en Esther Ekkel-Vorstenbosch who went to Kondanani in 2008 to adopt a Malawian boy in their series 'A Good Start'.

References

External links
Kondanani Children's Village Official Site
Kondanani Dutch Site
Mother of Malawi - The Biography of Annie Chikhwaza

1944 births
Living people
Dutch Christian missionaries
People from Wûnseradiel
People from Thyolo District
Christian missionaries in Malawi
Dutch emigrants to Malawi

Annie Chikhwaza


Chimalma is a goddess in Aztec meethologie, the mither o Quetzalcoatl. Her name means "shield-haund."

Accordin tae the Manuscript of 1558, section 7, the begettin o Quetzalcoatl happened in this wey:
"An then when Mixcoatl went tae... Huitznahuac, the wumman Chimalman came oot tae confront him... She stuid nakit, athoot skirt or shift."
While she stuid thus, Mixcoatl shot an arrae "atween her legs" -- on twa separate occasions. "An when this haed occurred, he teuk the wumman o Huitznauac, the ane who is Chimalman, an lay wi her an so she became pregnant."

Accordin tae the Codex Chimalpopoca, referrin tae Quetzalcoatl, "...an his mither they say was Chimalman. An frae wha they say aboot him, Quetzalcoatl wis placit in her belly when she swallaeed a piece o jade."

It is doutful, amaist certain, that the abuin descriptions are incorrect. The Feathered Serpent, regardless o the name uised bi the cultur designatin or invokin this spirit, wi names such as Quetzalcoatl, Kukulkan, an Q'uq'umatz, amangst ithers, wis an aspect o the Absolute Bein, which the Mayans cried Hunab Ku. Hunab Ku coud no be representit bi a figur or image directly, an as the Absolute Bein it wis totally inconceivable that a human coud designate a "mither o Quetzalcoatl".

Wha oral tradition does hauld regardin Chimalman is that she wis a spirit which accompaniet the Azteca frae the hameland o Aztlán. Huitzilopochtli an Quetzalcoatl wur spiritual entities adoptit frae the Toltec legacy whan the Azteca livit amangst the Chichimeca.

References

Aztec goddesses
Mesoamerican meethologie an releegion

Chimalma