Michigan State University Libraries (MSU Libraries) is the academic library system of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, United States. The library system comprises nine branch locations including the Main Library. As of 2021-22, the MSU Libraries ranked 26th among U.S. and Canadian research libraries by number of volumes (8,543,550 volumes) and 7th among U.S. and Canadian research libraries by number of titles held (10,858,158 titles).

The Africana Collection is one of the largest of its kind in the nation with a collection of over 200,000 items. Other significant collections include the G. Robert Vincent Voice Library, the largest academic voice library in the nation, containing a collection of over 40,000 hours of spoken word recordings and includes the voices of over 100,000 persons from all walks of life, and the Russel B. Nye Popular Culture Collections which includes the extensive Comic Art Collection. This collection includes over 100,000 comic books, and 10,000 related books and periodicals. The Turfgrass Information Center is recognized as the most extensive public collection of turfgrass educational material in existence.

Main Library branch collections
The Branch Libraries are subject collections located in the Main Library as well as in two branch libraries located in other buildings on campus. Each of the branch libraries have their own subject specialization.

Branch Libraries located inside the main library building include:

Branch Libraries located outside the main library building include:

Africana
The Africana Collection of the MSU Library has become one of the largest in the United States, having been built up since 1960 to support the broad faculty involvement in different projects on the continent, including research and development.
In the last few years the MSU program about Africa has been consistently rated among the top one or two programs in the country, both the number of faculty involved and the number of doctoral dissertations produced. The Library has 2 full-time professional Africana librarians, both of them holding doctorates in African Studies, who provide reference assistance to a wide range of faculty and students at MSU and elsewhere.  The librarians are also very involved in national cooperative projects.

The Library collection is roughly 270,000 books, pamphlets, maps and microform units covering all disciplines there is an emphasis on the socio-economic development and history of sub-Saharan Africa, with special emphases (reflecting faculty interests) on Ethiopia/Eritrea, Zimbabwe, South Africa, the Sahel region of West Africa, and Nigeria (especially the Eastern Region). Library materials come from all African countries (less so for North Africa) are collected at a high level and from all historical periods.

In 1999 it launched the open access  African e-Journals Project ().

Cesar Chavez Collection
The Cesar E. Chavez Collection is an interdisciplinary browsing collection consisting of titles in a variety of formats, research levels and locations on Chicano and Boricua Studies. Chavez Collection materials in other locations require the storage, access/viewing facilities and services not available in an open shelves collection. The main part of this collection is located on the first floor, west wing lobby of the Main Library. This browsing collection is reinforced throughout the Libraries system by other titles in the main stacks collection and various branch collections.

The collection is representative of Chavez's life. It reflects his commitment to unions and labor, non-violence, truth, respect and an appreciation of diversity, education and his cultura. Chavez was a frequent visitor to the Lansing area, and as such, the collection also reflects the Midwest presence of migrant farmworkers.

Digital & Multimedia Center

The Digital and Multimedia Center is the MSU Library's internal digitization facility and media center. In addition to offering online collections, representing many books and journals digitized by DMC, a set of over 10,000 multimedia items are held and are available for check out. These include theatrical movies and video games that can be used in the DMC. DMC also assists in obtaining permissions from copyright holders for MSU faculty who need to use protected materials in courses and academic projects.

Music
The Music Library is located in the west wing of the Main Library on the fourth floor. It houses the collections for:
Music (scores, recordings, books, periodicals, reference works and classical music, with strong collections in jazz and ethnomusicology.

Art Library
The Art Library is located on the third floor of the west wing of the Main Library.  It houses art books and periodicals.

Government Documents
The Government Documents Library is the Main Library location for publications of the United States government, the Canadian government, the State of Michigan, the United Nations and many other international intergovernmental organizations. It contains over 3 million documents in paper, microformat, and electronic formats. A significant portion of the collection is presently uncataloged and, therefore, does not appear in the Libraries' catalog.

U.S. Government documents
The library has been a Federal Government Depository Library since 1907 and currently receives approximately 80 percent of the publications made available to depository libraries. An extensive range and variety of subjects are covered in the U.S. documents collection. It is particularly strong in the areas of agriculture, demography and population, education, environmental sciences, international relations, labor, and law. The collection is arranged by Superintendent of Documents call number which organizes publications by issuing agency rather than by subject.

There are over 7,000 serial titles, many of which are complete from early dates, including Foreign Relations of the United States from 1861, Geological Survey Professional Papers from 1896, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers from 1902, and the Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics from 1913.

Canadian documents
In 1967, the library became a selective depository of Canadian federal documents to support the Canadian-American Studies Program. The library selects a general range of publications from science to foreign policy and labor relations. It is particularly strong in agriculture, demography and population, fisheries and wildlife, forestry, and history. The collection includes Canadian censuses, statutes, and proceedings and reports of the Canadian Parliament.

Michigan documents

In 2007 the Library ended its status as a permanent Depository for official publications of the State of Michigan. All of the materials received including the House and Senate Journals, reports on a variety of subjects, statistical reports and annual reports of various state agencies are maintained in the Government Documents Library.

United Nations documents and publications
The collection includes documents and publications issued by the main United Nations organs since 1946. It also includes materials issued by various UN programs and bodies including, but not limited to, the UN Conference on Trade and Development, the UN Development Programme, UNICEF, UNRISD, UN University, and the UN Environment Programme.

The collection also contains publications issued by most of the UN specialized agencies and autonomous organizations. These include the Food and Agriculture Organization, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Monetary Fund, International Telecommunication Union, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, World Bank Group, and the World Intellectual Property Organization. Materials issued by several UN specialized agencies (International Atomic Energy Agency, International Labour Organization, World Health Organization) are housed in the main stacks.

Other international intergovernmental organizations
The Government Documents Library also collects materials issued by other international intergovernmental organizations including, but not limited to, the European Union, Asian Development Bank, Organization of American States, Council of Europe, NATO, Association of South East Asian Nations, Western European Union, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Map Library

The Map Library, located on the 2nd floor of the east wing of the Main Library, houses a collection of general and thematic maps and atlases for most areas of the world. The collection consists of approximately 200,000 sheet maps and 4,000 atlases, gazetteers and other reference aids including wall maps, globes, CDs and Internet-accessible resources. The collection is especially strong in Michigan topics, United States, Canada, Africa, Asia, and Latin America, though all areas are collected at some level.

The Brunnschweiler Geography Library Endowment Fund was established in 1993 by Dr. Tamara Brunnschweiler for the acquisition and preservation of geography materials. Purchases from this fund are often old and rare maps and atlases relating to the MSU Libraries' mission.

Rovi Media Collection
In 2015 the Rovi Corporation donated more than 850,000 movies, CDs and video games to the MSU Libraries, this collection is now the largest media collection in the United States. The archive consists of CDs that have been commercially available in the United States since the early 1990s and includes some releases imported from Europe. The DVD collection, which was started the year DVDs were introduced, similarly represents the vast majority of commercially released DVDs in the United States. The games archive focuses primarily on console games and PC from 1993 to 2014 and includes a few titles dating back to the early '80s. Some of the materials from the collection are available to the MSU community through the MSU Libraries catalog and to Michigan residents through MeLCat, the Michigan e-library catalog.

Turfgrass Information Center
The Turfgrass Information Center (TIC), a specialized unit at the Michigan State University Libraries (MSU), contains the most comprehensive publicly available collection of turfgrass educational materials in the world. TIC has over 250,000 records in its primary database, the Turfgrass Information File (TGIF).

In the 1960s, the Michigan State University (MSU) Library began to collect printed turfgrass materials. In 1968, the personal collection of the late O.J. Noer, pioneer turf agronomist, was added to the library holdings through the O.J. Noer Foundation. Later gifts have included the Noer/Milorganite® Image Collection (on indefinite loan), the Scotts Company Archive, and most significantly, the James B Beard Turfgrass Library Collection. Today, the combined collection is recognized as the most extensive public collection of turfgrass material in existence.

Between 1983 and 1992, the United States Golf Association (USGA) Turfgrass Research Program supported the development of the USGA Turfgrass Information File (TGIF). Using the Noer Collection as a foundation, TGIF was designed to systematically inventory published turf research and make the bibliographic information available via a computerized database.
The TGIF database is accessible online through the Web. With over 250,000 searchable items using over 300,000 keywords, these resources cover the full scope of the turfgrass industry.

This database monitors over 1,000 journals and magazines, research reports, and conference proceedings. In addition, the database includes records for extension bulletins, books and book chapters, technical reports, theses and dissertations, web documents, published Q & As, scanned golf course plans, and video interviews.

Vincent Voice Library Collection
The G. Robert Vincent Voice Library, located within the Digital and Multimedia Library, is a collection of over 100,000 hours of spoken word recordings, dating back to 1888. The collection includes the voices of over 500,000 persons from all walks of life. Political and cultural leaders and minor players in the human drama are captured and catalogued to serve the research needs of a local, national and international user base. Clients include students and faculty of Michigan State University, other scholars and researchers, broadcasting networks, news agencies and film, video, and Web production companies. It is the largest academic voice library in the United States and is part of the Michigan State University Libraries.

The Murray and Hong Special Collections

The Special Collections Department of the Michigan State University Libraries collects, houses, and preserves rare and unique materials within the MSU Libraries. The Special Collections was formally established in 1962 with the charge to house special materials, as well as to build, preserve, and make accessible important research collections for educational use. The materials cover a vast array of topics, but materials in Special Collections cannot be checked out, they can be used only in the Special Collections reading rooms.
Today, the Special Collections holds over 450,000 printed works, numerous manuscript and archival collections, and an extensive collection of ephemera supporting research in popular culture, radicalism, comic art, and gender. Notable rare book collections include early veterinary medicine, eighteenth century British history and culture, modern American literature, cookery, and natural history. The Russel B. Nye Popular Culture Collection is one of the largest collections of its kind in the world while the Radicalism Collection features extensive holdings on a wide range of political, social, and economic viewpoints. The oldest printed book in the MSU Libraries  is held in Special Collections. Its title is Scriptores Rei Rusticae, and was printed in Venice in 1472, only a short time after the invention of the moveable type printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany about 1455.

Comic Art Collection
A Division or Branch of the Special Collections Department is The Comic Art Collection.  The Comic Art Collection holds over 200,000 items. It is the largest library comic book collection in the world. While the bulk of the collection is made up of American comic books, it also includes over 1,000 books of collected newspaper comic strips, nearly 15,000 comics from other countries, and several thousand books and periodicals about the subject. The major focus of the collection is on collecting published work, in its effort to give a complete view of the 20th century. Comics are currently the largest and fastest-growing special collection at the MSU Libraries. Its coverage of comic strips was significantly enhanced with the donation in 2007 of the King Features proof sheet collection consisting of roughly one million sheets containing about two million individual strips (a duplicate set was donated to Ohio State University's Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum). In addition, the same year retired Professor Richard Webster of the University of Toledo donated his collection of one million comic strips collected from around the world during the 1960s. The Comic Art Collection accepts unannounced donations. Materials not accepted into the collection are sent to another appropriate library or sold to support endowment funds for the Comic Art Collection.

All contents of the collection are listed in the MSU Libraries' online catalog as well as in the international OCLC computer network. Microfiche copies of several hundred extremely rare superhero comic books from the early 1940s are also available in the Special Collections reading room.

Outside Main Library Building collections
These are included in the library catalog but physically located outside the Main Library.
Branch Libraries located outside of the main library building include:

Business Library (William C. Gast)
The William C. Gast Business Library is located in Room 50 of the Law College Building across from the Eppley Center. It is the largest of the branches at MSU Libraries and has three business librarians, two support staff and twenty-five student employees
The library provides seating for 450 and has wireless access as well as Internet connections at most tables, carrels and cubicles. There are group study rooms available, as well as cubicles for group use. Laser printing, including color, is available from the computers or laptops through e-token accounts. Room 22 serves as an instruction and computer lab with 28 seats. The branch is open 109 hours each week during the fall and spring semesters.

Labor & Industrial Relations Library
The Labor and Industrial Relations (LIR), collection is located in the Business Library and is open to the public. It consists of a non-circulating LIR Reference Collection on site, with access to the rest of the University Libraries' system. Established in 1957, it is jointly funded and administered by the School of Labor and Industrial Relations and the MSU Libraries

Areas of strength in the LIR Reference Collection include labor and employment law, and grievance arbitration. There are also several information reporters and loose-leaf services for LR/HR information.

Unique among its holdings is the Michigan Public Sector Agreement Collection. In 1972 the LIR Library was designated by the Michigan Employment Relations Commission (MERC) to be the repository for Michigan public sector agreements. The current agreements are in the LIR Library and superseded agreements are in the University Archives.

John F. Schaefer Law Library
The MSU Law Library is administratively separate from other libraries on campus. It contains materials of use to students in the MSU College of law, but is also open to other MSU Students and the general public.

Closed Branch Libraries

Morofsky Memorial Library at Gull Lake (closed 2022)
This MSU branch library, also known as the Gull Lake Library, was part of Michigan State University's W.K. Kellogg Biological Station. The Gull Lake Library contained over 1,200 volumes, many of which are bound journal volumes. The collection supported the research interests of KBS faculty, staff, students and visiting scientists in aquatic and terrestrial ecology, evolution, behavior and agro-ecology. KBS is Michigan State University's largest off-campus education complex and one of North America's premier inland field stations.

The first director of the station, Dr. Walter F. Morofsky, was an entomologist with MSU. Historically, the library had a strong historical entomology collection. Early Bird sanctuary research and teaching led to a good waterfowl collection. Once the year round research station was established in 1965, and the branch library was established, a strong research program in limnology was begun, which continues to this day.  Currently, there are strong research programs in limnology, microbial ecology, plant ecology, agricultural ecology, fish ecology and vertebrate behavioral ecology.

The Gull Lake Library permanently closed in 2022.

See also
 :Category:Federal depository libraries
 Fred Waring Cartoon Collection
 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
 Library of Congress Classification
 Library of Congress Subject Headings
 Library 2.0
 List of newspaper comic strips
 Open access (publishing)
 Public Library of Science
 Research library

References

University and college academic libraries in the United States
Federal depository libraries
Michigan State University
Michigan State University campus
Libraries in Michigan
Cartooning museums

Michigan State University Libraries


Frederick Magnus, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau (18 April 1575 – 26 March 1618), was a German prince member of the House of Erbach and ruler over Fürstenau and Reichenberg.

Born in Erbach, he was the third child and second (but eldest surviving) son of George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg and his second wife Anna, a daughter of Frederick Magnus, Count of Solms-Laubach-Sonnenwalde. He was named after his maternal grandfather.

Life

After the death of their father, Frederick Magnus and his surviving brothers divided the Erbach domains in 1606: he received the districts of Fürstenau and Reichenberg.

Frederick Magnus died in Reichenberg aged 42 and was buried in Michelstadt. Because he died without surviving male issue, his brothers divided his domains between them.

References

Counts in Germany
House of Erbach
1575 births
1618 deaths
17th-century German people


Nzulezo is a village located near the village of Beyin, 90 kilometers west of Takoradi, in the Jomoro District jomoro the Western Region of Ghana. Over 500 people live in the community.

Nzulezu overlooks Lake Tadane, and is entirely made up of stilts and platforms. In 2000, it was nominated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and is a major tourist attraction area. The site is increasingly a source of tourism, with tourist coming to experience the village as well as a local alcohol produced in the village.

Etymology
The name "Nzulezo" in the Nzema language means "water surface", and is a village on stilts of "Ewuture" origin situated close to the northwest shore. The "Ewuture" maintained the waterways and transportation of goods and people. According to local legend, the village was built by a group of people from Oualata, a city in the ancient Ghana Empire and in present-day Mauritania, which came about from following a snail.  The snail is therefore a totem and revered by the people of Nzulezo.

Construction

Nzulezu was built over Lake Tadane. The settlement of Nzulezo consists of stilt-supported structures.

The reason Nzulezo was built over water was for protection and safety during attacks in times of war since it lies five miles inland of the Southwest shores.

The main activities of its inhabitants is agriculture, while fishery plays a secondary role. The lake is perceived by the local population to protect against certain risks (e.g. a fire). The village did have some of the houses partially submerged from a flood in 2009.

Services
The village has a limited number of nurses and health care capacity.

There is a primary school and after primary school learners have to leave the village to go for secondary schools and universities. However, as of 2019 there were a shortage of teachers for the community.

World Heritage Status
This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on January 17, 2000,  in the Cultural category.

The village was nominated to become a World Heritage Site for its importance in anthropology: in addition to being one of the few ancient settlements on stilts and platforms left in the world, there is a preserved wealth of local traditions connected with the cult of the lake. Lake Tadane occurs on the banks of all religious rites, and Thursday, is a day sacred to the lake, and it is forbidden to use and work on the lake for any activity throughout the day of Thursday.

In recent times the village has been opened to tourism, but with certain constraints (visitations are allowed only once a week). The village can be reached only by a canoe; the route, which crosses the rain forest, takes about an hour to 5 km away. In the village there is a church and a school. As the village is extremely isolated, Nzulezo suffers from numerous health problems, including the vast spread of malaria.

Nearby sites
Ankasa Nature Reserve
Fort Apollonia
Childhood home of Kwame Nkrumah, the first president of an independent Ghana

Gallery

References

Populated places in the Western Region (Ghana)
Ghanaian culture
Tourism in Ghana
Tourist attractions in Ghana
World Heritage Tentative List

Nzulezo


Pamiat Azova () was a unique armoured cruiser built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1880s. She was decommissioned from front line service in 1909, converted into a depot ship and sunk by British torpedo boats during the Baltic Naval War, part of the Russian Civil War.

Name
The name of the ship commemorated the Russian ship of the line , the flagship of the Russian squadron in the Battle of Navarino. The name of that ship, in its turn, referred to the Azov campaigns of Peter the Great. After the battle Nicholas I of Russia decreed that after the retirement of Azov the Imperial Navy must perpetually have a ship named Pamyat Azova (English: The Memory of Azov). The cruiser commissioned in 1890 was the third ship carrying this name.

Design
The ship was designed as a commerce raider and rigged with sails to extend her range. She was built by Baltic Works in Saint Petersburg and launched on 1 July 1888. Her machinery was re-built in 1904 with Bellville boilers.

Service

The ship served with the Baltic Fleet, and in 1891–1892 it took part in a Cruise around Asia with Crown Prince Nicholas on board. This led to a Fabergé egg, the Memory of Azov being made to commemorate this event. She made a visit to the French Navy in October 1893 in Toulon to reinforce the Franco-Russian Alliance.

In 1906, during the First Russian Revolution, the crew of the cruiser mutinied while at Hara Bay near Reval. The ship subsequently was placed in reserve. In 1909 she was converted into a torpedo boat depot ship and renamed Dvina.

The ship was sunk by the British torpedo boat CMB79 in Kronstadt Harbour on 18 August 1919. The wreck was raised and scrapped.

Notes

References

External links

battleships-cruisers.com
Pamiat Azova statistics

Cruisers of the Imperial Russian Navy
Ships built at the Baltic Shipyard
1888 ships
Naval ships of Russia
World War I naval ships of Russia
Maritime incidents in 1919

Russian cruiser Pamiat Azova


Jean-Pierre Guignon, né Giovanni Pietro Ghignone (10 February 1702 – 30 January 1774) was an 18th-century Franco-Italian composer and violinist.

Life
Born in Turin, Guignon was the son of a merchant from this city and a disciple of Giovanni Battista Somis. He gave his first performance in Paris in 1725. He became a musician in the chapel of the Prince of Savoie-Carignan in 1730, a position he retained for about 20 years. At the same time, he was admired by the queen and also entered the royal chapel in 1733, where he remained until his pension in 1762.

His merits as a violinist earned him the nickname of "Roy des violonistes", i.e. director of the , a title which was then in disuse and which would be deleted after him. The performances of his own concertos and those of the Venetian master Antonio Vivaldi at the Concert Spirituel were received with great success.

A viola da gamba piece and a solo harpsichord piece by Antoine Forqueray bears his name: La Guignon, published in 1747 by Forqueray's son Jean-Baptiste. However, the similarity of age between Guignon and Jean-Baptiste may indicate that Jean-Baptiste actually wrote the pieces, and published them in his father's name.

Royal Maître des Ménétriers
In 1741, king Louis XV granted him French nationality and the title of "Royal Master of the Menetriers". Guignon thus supervised the singers and dancers of the kingdom, officially becoming the first violin of the time.

Guignon died in Versailles aged 71.

Selected works
 18 duets for two violins (Op. II, III and VII),
 17 violin sonatas with basso continuo (Op. I and VI)
 1 sonata for transverse flute with basso continuo (Op. I No 8)
 12 trio sonatas (Op. IV and V)
 His violin concertos, masses and other compositions were not printed.

External links

 Jean Pierre Guignon, Sonate op.II n.1 on YouTube
 Jean-Pierre Guignon on Musicalics

18th-century French male classical violinists
Italian classical violinists
18th-century French composers
French Baroque composers
French male classical composers
1702 births
Musicians from Turin
1774 deaths
17th-century male musicians

Jean-Pierre Guignon


Love Now, Pay Later () is a 1959 West German drama film directed by Rudolf Jugert and starring Belinda Lee, Walter Rilla and Karl Schönböck. It was inspired by the life and death of Rosemarie Nitribitt.

It was also known in the US as She Walks By Night.

Premise
A prostitute is found murdered. Police seek to find her killer.

Rosemarie was a prostitute who sought out wealthy clients. She used these to maintain her lifestyle An elderly Russian, Waltikoff, falls in love with her and proposes, but breaks it off when he realises she will not give up prostitution. She is attracted to a younger man, Guttberg, but he rebuffs her.

Rosemarie gradually goes for lower class customers. One night alone in her flat she is attacked and killed by one of her associates. But his identity remains unknown.

Partial cast
 Belinda Lee – Rosemarie Nitbritt
 Walter Rilla – Woltikoff
 Karl Schönböck – Von Riedendank
 Claus Wilcke – Fred Guttberg
 Jan Hendriks – Salzmann
 Paul Dahlke – Reimer
 Hans Nielsen – Bernbeil
 Karl Lieffen – Zuhälter
 Lina Carstens – Frau Huber
 Ernst Schiffner

Production
It was the second film version of this story, following Rosemary (1958) which had been one of the most successful German films at the box office that year. Variety said it "stirred up the best cinema biz of any German film in this country, coining plenty for its distributor." The movie had led to a number of imitators, including The Truth About Rosemarie.

Producer Dieter Fritko announced he was making a film called The Truth About Rosemarie which would star Heinz Pohlmann, the Frankfurt salesman who spent a year in jail on suspicion of Rosemarie's murder. This prompted much controversy. According to Variety, SPIO, the leading German film industry organization, was criticized in the trades for not taking a definite stand against the film "on the grounds of questionable taste". The first distributor that was announced for the film withdrew due to the controversy. A new distributor was found, Emil Reinegger, of Union Film. SPIO eventually suggested that none of its members in the technical, export, distribution or theatre-operating branches have anything to do with the film. Reinegger complained that no one from SPIO had discussed the story with him and said that Pohlmann will only work on  the film and not appear in it.

The script was reportedly based on the 19 volume police record.

Production took place in Munich. It was one of a series of sexually aggressive characters played by Belinda Lee in European films.

Censorship
When Love Now, Pay Later was first released in Italy in 1959 with the title L'Inferno addosso, the Committee for the Theatrical Review of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities rated it as VM16: not suitable for children under 16. In order for the film to be screened publicly, the Committee imposed the removal of the following lines and scenes:

 "I am going to take a bath, for your curiosity I won't lock the door";
 "You have always sold yourself for money – would you like to be there?" (when she seems to start undressing);
 "You know, underwear does not turn me on. Look! It's black";
 Delete dialogue and sequence of Rosemarie receiving payment for her trade;
 Delete the scene in which Riccardo, the pimp, defends Rosemarie from a visitor in the entryway;
 The scene in which, at Riccardo's place, Rosemarie pulls up her skirt to show the underwear;
 The scene in which Rosemarie tries on the fur coat the vendor brought to her and in taking it off shows her naked back.

The official document number is: 30830, it was signed on 31 December 1959 by Minister Domenico Magrì.

It had initially been rejected by the Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle (Voluntary Self Control) in Germany.

Reception
The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "flat and tedious... the film combines a fearsome insistence on the wages of sin with a titillating eye for the juicy trimmings... a particularly squalid and unsympathetic film."

The Los Angeles Times called it "cheerfully, almost consistently, low grade... never have we seen so many montages of so many legs – trousers and nylons – trudging up so many stairs... Lee approaches the role of Rosemarie with all the style and subtley of a tiger shark after a swimmer with a free bleeding cut."

References

External links

She Walks by Night (alternative title) at Letterbox DVD
Film page at BFI

1959 films
1959 drama films
German drama films
West German films
1950s German-language films
Films about prostitution in Germany
German films based on actual events
1950s German films

Love Now, Pay Later


"Mary Was the Marrying Kind" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kip Moore, co-written by Dan Couch and Scott Stepakoff, released as the lead single from his debut album Up All Night. The song, which was released as Moore's debut single in March 2011, was the fourth most added country single at the time of its release and peaked at number 45 on Hot Country Songs. The song did not make the final cut of Moore's debut album Up All Night, although it was included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition.

Content
The song talks about women that Moore has dated and the reasons that the women were wrong for him. He then goes on to talk about Mary, a woman that Moore hadn't seen in about over five years since leaving high school. Moore described Mary as the tall, shy, meek, sweet, nice woman that no one paid any attention to until she grew comfortable with herself and guys took notice. Moore happened to run into her at a party, stating that she was "gorgeous, funny, charming and witty". Moore goes on to state that the song describes "[missing] out on something special because you weren't paying attention".

Critical reception
While Karlie Justus of Engine 145 praised the lyrics of the song, Justus criticized the "heavy-handed production" involved.  She described the song as an "adventurous first go at country radio that demands attention, both for its string of intertwined stories and for Moore's insistent delivery [that] paints vivid pictures with unique details about a believable range of women, before honing  in on the one that got away". Justus also said that "the range present in the lyrics is missing from Moore's performance" and "he blows out every corner of the song's chorus with an intensity that, when coupled with its heavy-handed production, feels sloppy and reaching compared to its effortless, stream-of-consciousness verses." Kyle Ward of Roughstock gave it 4.5 stars out of 5, saying that "Moore gives an impassioned vocal performance, particularly on the chorus.  It's a tad overproduced, but by 2011 standards is far from gluttonous." In 2017, Billboard contributor Chuck Dauphin put "Mary Was the Marrying Kind" at number nine on his top 10 list of Moore's best songs.

Chart performance

References

2011 debut singles
2011 songs
Kip Moore songs
MCA Nashville Records singles
Song recordings produced by Brett James
Songs written by Kip Moore
Songs written by Dan Couch

Mary Was the Marrying Kind


That Is Mahalakshmi is an unreleased Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film directed by Prasanth Varma, produced by Manu Kumaran, and bankrolled by Taizoon Khorakiwala. The film is a remake of the 2014 Hindi film Queen. The film stars Tamannaah, with Shibani Dandekar, Roopa Lakshmi, Samarth Ashok Hegde, Geetanjali and CVL Narasimha Rao in supporting roles.

Cast
 Tamannaah as Mahalakshmi
 Shibani Dandekar as Vijaylakshmi
 Siddu Jonnalagadda
 Geethanjali
 C. V. L. Narasimha Rao
 Guillermo Uria Viar
 Chinmaya Agrawal
 Jeffrey Ho
 Nikos Vatikiotis
 Geetanjali
 Roopa Lakshmi
 Clifton Brown
 Samarth Ashok Hegde
 Aram Arakelyan as Constantin

Production
In June 2014, Viacom 18 Motion Pictures, the producers of the Hindi film Queen (2014), made an official announcement that they hold sold the remake rights for the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada versions of their film to Thiagarajan, who would make the films through his production studio, Staar Movies. Viacom put a caveat in the agreement that the principal photography of any of the films must start by 8 June 2017, else the rights would revert to Viacom. Soon after the announcement in June 2014, several Indian directors and actresses expressed their desire to do the film, but Thiagarajan maintained that no one had been finalised and that he was still considering his options. Thiagarajan announced his potential plans of casting Lisa Haydon to reprise her supporting role and for his son Prashanth to act in the film, but remarked that he was unsure if Prashanth would accept to play a character with "grey shades". Samantha held discussions about portraying the film's lead role during July 2014, but turned the film down after being unconvinced about the way the original script was set to be adapted into the South Indian languages.

After a period of inactivity and further media reports about the casting of the lead actress, Thiagarajan revealed in February 2016 that he had signed on Revathi to direct the Tamil version of the film, while Suhasini would work as the dialogue writer. Soon after, Nayanthara turned down the opportunity to work on the film citing scheduling issues during early 2016. In mid-2016, Trisha was also approached to play the lead role but conflicting schedules meant that she could not sign on to appear in the film. The media also linked actresses Parvathy and Nithya Menen to the lead role, but neither were signed on. During an interaction with the media in November 2016, Thiagarajan revealed that he had finalised Revathi to direct the Tamil and Malayalam versions of the film, while Anish Kuruvilla and Prakash Raj would make the Telugu and Kannada versions respectively. He added that Tamannaah would feature in the lead role of the Tamil version, while Amala Paul and Parul Yadav would reprise the role in the Malayalam and Kannada versions respectively. He also stated that Amy Jackson was signed on to feature in all four versions of the film in the role originally portrayed by Lisa Haydon. In April 2017, Tamannaah stated that the film was shelved, though Thiagarajan refuted her claim and stated that production would begin in May 2017. He revealed that talks with the actress to play the lead role had fallen through after a dispute over her remuneration for the lead role.

In June 2017, further confusion about the remake arose after two separate production houses apart from Thiagarajan's Staar Movies had claimed rights to the film. As per a contract signed on 30 July 2016, Staar Movies agreed to enter into a co-production agreement with Mediente International Films Ltd and Liger Commercial Brokers for the making of the films. However a mutual cancellation form was then signed between the parties on 5 April 2017 after Mediente allegedly failed to pay the consideration provided under the agreement. Then, as per a contract signed on 21 April 2017, Staar Movies agreed to assign the rights of all four South Indian versions of Queen to Golden Crab Film Production Ltd. In order to avoid the reversion of rights back to Viacom due to three years of inactivity, Staar Movies and Golden Crab swiftly began shooting the film on 17 May 2017 with a series of supporting actors including Nassar under the title of Vaanil Thedi Nindren. However, on 3 June 2017, Staar Movies again assigned and transferred the remake rights of the film to Mediente and Liger, with the Kannada version of the film titled Butterfly featuring Parul Yadav, starting immediately with Ramesh Aravind taking over as director. Staar Movies then produced a declaration affidavit on 14 June 2017 that any agreement with Golden Crab Films was false.

Kajal Aggarwal revealed in August 2017 that she had agreed terms to play the lead role in the Tamil version of the film, which would also be directed by Ramesh Aravind and produced by Mediente, and that the film's shoot would begin in September 2017. In September 2017, it was revealed that Tamannaah would work on the Telugu version of the film which would be directed by Neelakanta. Amala Paul also opted out of the Malayalam version citing date issues and was later replaced by Manjima Mohan. Amy Jackson was initially in talks to play the role Lisa Haydon played in Queen however opted out due to unavailability of dates and creative differences. Filming began on 2 November 2017. Two months later, Neelakanta left the film, and was replaced by Prashanth Varma. However, Neelakanta soon decided to direct the Malayalam remake titled Zam Zam.

Soundtrack

The music of the film is composed by Amit Trivedi and lyrics are by Krishna Kanth. The songs were released under Zee Music Company on 1 September 2020.

See also
Paris Paris
Butterfly
Zam Zam

References

External links

Films about women in India
Films directed by Prasanth Varma
Viacom18 Studios films
Films scored by Amit Trivedi
Films set in Barcelona
Films set in London
Films set in Paris
Films shot in Barcelona
Films shot in France
Films shot in India
Films shot in London
Films shot in Mysore
Films shot in Paris
Films shot in Spain
Films scored by Arjuna Harjai
Films shot in the United Kingdom
Indian comedy-drama films
Telugu remakes of Hindi films
Unreleased Telugu-language films
Films shot in Rajahmundry
Films set in Konaseema
Films shot in Andhra Pradesh
Films set in Rajahmundry

That Is Mahalakshmi


The Machine Gunners is a children's historical novel by Robert Westall, published by Macmillan in 1975. Set in northeastern England shortly after the Battle of Britain (February 1941), it features children who find a crashed German aircraft with a machine gun and ammunition; they build a fortress and capture and imprison a German gunner. The author also wrote a play based on the book, and others have adapted it for television and radio. A sequel, Fathom Five, set two years later, was published in 1979.

Westall won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's outstanding children's book by a British subject, and Machine Gunners was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works for the 70th anniversary celebration in 2007, selected by a panel to compose the ballot for a public election of the all-time favourite.

Plot summary
Set during the Second World War the story follows six children living in the fictional town of Garmouth which regularly suffers bombing raids by the German Luftwaffe. When Chas McGill finds a crashed German Heinkel 111 bomber he removes a fully operational machine gun and over 2000 rounds of ammunition. With the help of his friends, Cem, Clogger, Carrot Juice, Audrey and Nicky they set up their own den called "Fortress Caporetto", named after a World War I battle in which Chas's grandfather fought.

Later a bomb lands on Nicky's house and he is presumed dead but actually survives and hides in the fortress, where he is found by the gang. After this, only his friends know he is alive and Clogger leaves his home and joins him.

During an attack by a Bf 110 fighter, the children fire their gun at the plane. They miss but the plane is shot down. The pilot is killed but the rear gunner, Rudi Gerlath, bails out. He discovers the children's hidden fortress and is promptly detained by the children, who take his pistol, even though their machine gun is damaged and inoperable.

The children do not hand the German over to the authorities, but keep him prisoner at their fort. The children bribe the German with the offer of a boat if he will repair their machine gun. He agrees and mends it before being taken to the dock where he rows off. The same night the church bells ring signalling a German invasion. The children hurry to the fortress but do not see anything; it was a false alarm. Out at sea, Rudi finds he does not have the strength to row to German-occupied Norway and is forced back to England and rejoins the children at the fortress.

The next day it is realised that the children are missing, and some Polish soldiers are drafted in to look for them. The children, on hearing troops speak in a foreign language, open fire on them with the gun, believing they are a German invasion force. The children are soon overpowered, however, and forced to surrender. In the chaos, Clogger shoots and wounds Rudi with his own Luger pistol.

The very well-made fortress is surrendered to the Home Guard, then Clogger and Nicky are taken to a children's home while the other children are handed over to their parents.

Adaptations
The Machine-Gunners was dramatised as a BBC television serial in 1983, with scripts written by William Corlett. It was further adapted as a ten-episode drama for BBC Radio 4 by the writer Ivan Jones in 2002.

A new adaptation by Ali Taylor was commissioned by the Imperial War Museum and was performed at the Polka Theatre, London in 2011. The play was directed by Adam Penford and starred Chris Coxon, David Kirkbride, Claire Sundin, Scott Turnbull, Matthew Brown and Michael Imerson. This adaptation was published by Nick Hern Books in 2012.

See also

References

External links
  —immediately, a US edition with library summary

 Book review at Reading Matters

British children's novels
Children's historical novels
Novels set during World War II
Carnegie Medal in Literature winning works
Novels set in Tyne and Wear
Fiction set in 1940
1975 British novels
Macmillan Publishers books
BBC children's television shows
World War II television drama series
Television shows set in Newcastle upon Tyne
1975 children's books
Children's books set in England
Children's books set in the 1940s
Children's books set during World War II

The Machine Gunners


Gilles Chiasson (born November 1, 1966) is an American producer, director, composer, writer and actor.  While he first came to prominence as an actor, particularly in the original cast of the Tony Award and Pulitzer Prize winning RENT, Chiasson went on to work in film and television development, then theater administration and operations, and now works in education.  He currently lives in Los Angeles, California, with his wife Sherri Parker Lee and their two sons. He is a theater teacher at a high school in Los Angeles.

Early life
Chiasson was born in Muskegon, Michigan.  His parents are Dr. Tony Chiasson, a retired anesthesiologist, and Claire Chiasson, the founder and former headmistress of Michigan Dunes Montessori.  Both are French Canadian.  He is the youngest of five children.  He attended Mona Shores Public Schools.  He received a Bachelor of Fine Arts (with High Distinction) from The School of Music at the University of Michigan.

Career

Theatre

Soon after earning his BFA, Chiasson landed the role of the young idealist Marius in the National Tour of Les Misérables (musical).  He followed this by portraying Jinx in the National Tour of Forever Plaid.  However, Chiasson may be best known as an original cast member of Jonathan Larson's RENT.

Chiasson took part in the original RENT workshop in 1994.  (The only other Broadway cast members to do so were Anthony Rapp and Daphne Rubin-Vega.)  He played multiple roles, including Squeegie Man and Steve, in the original Off-Broadway production at New York Theatre Workshop the following year.  The show's creator, Jonathan Larson, died suddenly the night before the Off-Broadway premiere, but the production carried on and became a hit.  Chiasson received an Obie Award as a member of the Off-Broadway cast.  He reprised his multiple roles when RENT moved to Broadway in the spring of 1996.  During his nearly two years in RENT on Broadway, Chiasson also played the lead roles of Mark and Roger.

Chiasson originated on Broadway the role of Armand St. Just in THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL and Corporal William McEwen in The Civil War (musical).  Both shows were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Musical, and Chiasson received an Outer Critics Circle Nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Musical for The Civil War (musical).

Chiasson theatre credits include many, many Off-Broadway and regional theatre productions, including the world premieres of the Mike Reid musical, A House Divided at Tennessee Repertory Theatre, Joanne Lessener and Joshua Rosenbaum's Fermat's Last Tango at the York Theatre, and Elizabeth Swados' GROUNDHOG at Manhattan Theatre Club.

Chiasson's last appearance on Broadway was in the original cast of Baz Luhrmann's production of La bohème.  He reprised his role when the show proceeded to Los Angeles, a move which led to his second act in production and development.

Chiasson has worked as a freelance director, New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. His productions include Way of the Wiseguy (Chicago Center for the Performing Arts), I'm Sorry (The Lounge Theatre, LA; New York International Fringe Festival, Into the Woods and Heading Home (Performing Arts Education Centers).

Chiasson went on to serve as Producing Director of LA's Reprise Theatre Company, alongside Artistic Director, Jason Alexander, during their 2010-11 and 2011-12 Seasons. The company received 17 Ovation Awards nominations for Chiasson's inaugural season as Producing Director, the most of any theatre company in Southern California, ultimately winning the Ovation for Best Production of a Musical for their revival of Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate (musical) as well as a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for their production of Cabaret (musical) during their 2011-12 season.  During his tenure at Reprise, Chiasson presented acclaimed artists such as Barry Manilow, Barbara Cook, Patti LuPone, Betty Buckley, Ray Romano, Martin Short, Seth Rudetsky and Sutton Foster in concert in venues throughout Los Angeles including the Saban Theatre in Beverly Hills and UCLA's Royce Hall.

From there, Chiasson went on to head up the LVUSD Beacon for the Arts Fund and serve as Director of Theater Operations of The Performing Arts Education Centers (the PAECs) located in Calabasas and Agoura Hills, CA.  These two state-of-the-art theater complexes consist of two buildings in two locations, each having a 650+ seat Mainstage, a 100-seat Black Box, professionally equipped scene and costume shop, and all requisite support spaces.

Film and television
From 2005 - 2010 Chiasson was the Director of Development for Moresco Productions. In that time he worked closely with Bobby Moresco, winner of the 2005 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Crash (2004 film).  Projects have included the television series The Black Donnellys for NBC and the adaptation of CRASH for Starz (TV channel).  Chiasson has been integral to the evolution of several scripts, currently in development for both feature and television production.  He is a Co-Producer of The Kings of Appletown starring the Sprouse twins famous for their work on Disney Channel's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody.

Music
Chiasson wrote the music, lyrics and book of CHRYSALIS, an original musical that has been seen in workshops at the Alley Theatre in Houston, the New York Theatre Workshop and the Manhattan Theatre Club and premiered at the Adirondack Theatre Festival. His other musicals include FISHWRAP, co-conceived with Bill Castellino (Adirondack Theater Festival), MAPS and the movie musical MOVE AHEAD, with David Hilder (RAW Impressions NYC), and NOW BOARDING (Performing Arts Education Centers).

Chiasson conceived and co-produced his debut solo CD Slow Down.  He has been a guest soloist with the Dallas Symphony Orchestra (DSO), the Philharmonia of the Nations, the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra (A2SO), and the West Michigan Symphony Orchestra, which allowed him to perform in his hometown theatre where he first took to the stage, The Frauenthal Center for the Performing Arts.

Chiasson co-wrote "Hands Holding Hands" with Nashville songwriter, Chris Roberts, famed for One Flew South, which premiered in BRAVE NEW WORLD, American Theatre Responds to 9/11, at The Town Hall (New York City) and received radio play across the U.S.A. Their song, "Sweet Mystery", appears on LML Music In Good Company.

Education
Chiasson currently serves as Theatre Director, Theatre Department Chair and Educator at Valley International Prepatory High School in Northridge, Los Angeles, California, where he teaches three levels of acting, stage tech, and dramatic writing, in addition to running the theatre department which entails producing and directing three productions each year.

Entertainment business
Chiasson is former a Moderator of Bobby Moresco's Actors Gym in Los Angeles, a weekly workshop for working professional writers and actors. Chiasson is a founder and ex officio board member of the Adirondack Theatre Festival, a non-profit theatre in Glens Falls, New York, established in 1995.

Television appearances
As an original cast member of the Broadway production of Rent (musical):
50th Tony Awards in 1996,
51st Tony Awards in 1997,
62nd Tony Awards in 2008,
The Rosie O'Donnell Show,
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno,
Late Show with David Letterman,
1996 Democratic National Convention,
Good Morning America,
20/20,
Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway in 2008,
RENT: Live on Fox in 2019.

As an original cast member of The Scarlet Pimpernel (musical):
 52nd Tony Awards in 1998,
The Rosie O'Donnell Show,
The 1998 NBA All-Star Game Half-Time Show.

As an original cast member of The Civil War (musical):
53rd Tony Awards and the Drama Desk Awards in 1999.

As an original cast member of Baz Luhrmann's La Bohème:
57th Tony Awards in 2003.

In 2021, Chiasson appeared with his wife and two sons on the National Geographic (American TV channel) game show, Brain Games (2011 TV series), Brain Games on the Road, hosted by Chuck Nice.

Discography
RENT - The Original Broadway Cast Recording,
THE SCARLET PIMPERNEL - The Original Broadway Cast Recording,
LA BOHÈME - The Original Broadway Cast Recording,
FERMAT'S LAST TANGO - Original Cast Recording,
SLOW DOWN – Slow Down Productions (CD Baby).

References

External links

American male stage actors
American male writers
Living people
1966 births
Male actors from Los Angeles
People from Muskegon, Michigan
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
Writers from Los Angeles

Gilles Chiasson


Wilcannia is a small town located within the Central Darling Shire in north western New South Wales, Australia.  Located on the Darling River, the town was the third largest inland port in the country during the river boat era of the mid-19th century. At the , Wilcannia had a population of 745.

History
The area lies in the traditional lands of the Barkindji people, who call the river "Baaka". The name Wilcannia is said to be derived from an indigenous term for either "gap in the bank where floodwaters escape" or "wild dog". Neither meaning has been linguistically verified.

In 1835, explorer Major Thomas Mitchell was the first European to reach the region, when he traced the Darling River to what is now Menindee.

In late January 1859, Captain Francis Cadell, in charge of the river boat Albury, entered the Darling River at its junction with the Murray and, after eight days travel, reached the Mount Murchison pastoral station, held by Hugh and Bushby Jamieson.  Flour and other stores were delivered to the station and one hundred bales of wool were loaded for the return journey. Cadell's pioneering journey was the beginning of river boat transport on the Darling River (when river conditions allowed). The site of the future township developed as the location for the unloading and loading of river-borne cargo.  The settlement was initially known as Mount Murchison, taking its name from the nearby pastoral run. As economic activity increased, the location attracted business and trades providing services and amenities to the surrounding stations.

In June 1866, the New South Wales Department of Lands formally declared "portions of Crown Lands" to be set apart as a site for the town of Wilcannia. Despite the official proclamation, the older name for the settlement persisted. In March 1867, a correspondent from the town wrote that: "the township of Mount Murchison is fast springing into importance, owing to the splendid country surrounding it, and which is fast being taken up for pastoral pursuits. We have public houses, stores, butchers' shops, boarding houses, a cordial manufactory in full operation, and a colonial ale brewery in course of erection".

The Post Office had opened as Mount Murchison on 1 January 1860. It was moved 5 kms to the town and changed name to Wilcannia on 1 June 1868. There was, however, no telegraph office - "the want of which is sorely felt by the business people of the town, and in fact the whole district". The Telegraph line reached Wilcannia on 2 February 1878 and was combined with the Post Office on 16 March 1878 in a temporary location. The "handsome building" shown here was constructed from freestone in 1880 and was occupied on 27 June.

In 1871, the population of Wilcannia was 264, consisting of 176 males and 88 females. In January 1874, the township's first newspaper, the Wilcannia Times, began publication.

An account of Wilcannia in December 1874 described the buildings in the town as "on the whole being of a very poor description, principally small weatherboard places, many of them looking rather dilapidated".  Three stores were operating in the township, as well as three public houses: the Mount Murchison Hotel, Wilcannia Hotel and Britannia Hotel. There were signs of increased commercial activity in the township: two banks, the Australian Joint Stock Bank and the Commercial Bank, had recently opened branches, and four stock and station agents had started businesses "within the last three months". Wilcannia had a public school, but no churches. There were two doctors, "but as it is a very rare thing to find them otherwise than drunk, they are worse than useless".

In December 1880, a second local newspaper, the Western Grazier, began publication in Wilcannia. By early 1881 patients were being treated in the newly built local hospital. At the census of 1881 the population of Wilcannia was recorded as 1,424 (976 males and 448 females). Wilcannia was incorporated as a municipality in February 1883, with Edmond O'Donnell elected its first mayor. The first major project of the municipality was the construction of water supply system for the township. A July 1884 report stated that Wilcannia had a population "of about 1200", and was described as a township "of well-laid-out streets and good buildings", situated "in the centre of a large sheep country".  In addition to the well-constructed Post and Telegraph Office, several of the stores ("notably Frew, Wright, and Co., J. Palmer and Co., and Cramsie, Bowden, and Co.") were described as "not only extensive but of considerable architectural beauty".  It was explained that a quarry of freestone "of excellent quality", within  of the township "has been largely used for building purposes". The only local industry of note was a brewery.

Wilcannia was the location of a customs station on the Darling River.  It was described as a "large and important centre of trade, where in 1881 £13,100 was collected as Customs revenue". The river trade during the 1880s was so extensive at Wilcannia that its Customs House was "probably the largest inland Customs Station in New South Wales".

When river conditions permitted travel by steamers Wilcannia was a major port on the Darling River. A visitor to the town described the river scene in 1890:
There are several wharves (so-called) which were merely graduated slopes cut out of the river bank, and in the wool season the river, in their vicinity, is thronged with steamers and barges, waiting for or unloading the season's clip, for the bulk of it goes away either to Bourke, for Sydney, or to Wentworth, or Goolwa. A barge, laden with from 1,200 to 2,000 bales of wool is a pretty sight; and a still more interesting spectacle is a string of 30 or 40 camels, each carrying two bales, proceeding into town from some far back station.

At the time of the 1891 census the municipality of Wilcannia had a non-Aboriginal population of 1,287 (775 males and 512 females).

Vehicles and stock were crossed over the Darling River at Wilcannia by a punt operated by Charles Smith until the mid-1890s. In 1895 a bridge was constructed at Wilcannia and opened to traffic in January 1896.  The bridge consisted of five spans, a total length of 310 feet (94.5 metres) with a centre lift span "to permit of steamers passing when the river is high".

In January 1917 it was reported that the Wilcannia Hospital was "without a doctor".  The hospital was "full of patients, some diphtheria cases among them, and the Matron is having a very hard and anxious time".

In December 1939 Wilcannia was described as "merely a shopping centre for the wide district, although people travelling into Queensland and lonely sections of New South Wales often rest there".

Geography
Wilcannia is located where the Barrier Highway crosses the Darling River,  from Sydney. The environment is borderline semi-arid to desert with an annual rainfall of .  Wilcannia is located within the Darling Riverine Plains Bioregion (IBRA classification, Department of Environment), consisting of landscapes adapted to flooding.  Common species include river red gum, yellow box, oldman saltbush, and lignum.

The surrounding area is very sparsely settled by pastoralists who have large land holdings, used primarily to run sheep. These holdings fall in the Western Division and the majority are held as 99-year leases.

Facilities
Wilcannia Central School includes a pre-school and caters for students up to Year 12 (with the last two years through distance education). At the 2020 ARIA Music Awards, Wilcannia Central School's Sarah Donnelley won Music Teacher of the Year.

The Maari Ma wellness centre is being renovated .

Construction work began on the Baaka Cultural Centre in August 2023, on the main road through Wilcannia. Its shape will resemble the foot of an emu, and it will function as a tourist centre as well as a gallery for local art and artefacts. Local people are being employed, as well as specialists in stonemasonry and rammed earth construction from South Australia and the NSW south coast. Baaka is the Paakantyi word for the Darling River.

The only local radio station is community radio station Wilcannia River Radio, broadcasting on 103.1 MHz, which has provided factual information and aired discussions about matters such as COVID-19, climate change, and other matters. Other radio stations include Outback Radio 2WEB on 99.9 MHz, ABC Radio National, and ABC Western Plains.

Demographics and disadvantage
From the 2016 Census, Wilcannia had a population of 549 with 407 (74.4%) people being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent, mostly from the Barkindji nation. Wilcannia has 223 private dwellings. The town was listed as one of the most socially disadvantaged areas of New South Wales according to the 2015 Dropping Off The Edge report.

Predominantly populated by Aboriginal Australians, Wilcannia has received national and international attention for government deprivation of its community's needs, and the low life expectancy of its residents. For Indigenous men, that figure is 37 years of age.

Residents have reported that water quality in Wilcannia is unsafe, leading locals to rely on boxed water transported from Broken Hill, nearly  away. In 2021 the town was one of the worst hit by the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales, and the government's refusal to ban tourists from the area to preserve the health of its struggling residents was criticised. In September 2021, the New Matilda website published an investigation into allegations of discrimination against Wilcannia residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, citing leaked documents from Central Darling Shire Council.

In the media
The town's social issues were highlighted in the first episode of a two-part BBC3 documentary made by Reggie Yates, Reggie Yates: Hidden Australia, entitled "Episode 1: Black in the Outback", which was first broadcast online on 16 January 2017. In March 2017 the BBC, in response to complaints about the biased and misleading view portrayed, investigated the claims and suspended the production company pending the outcome of the review. The BBC apologised for allowing the programme to go to air.

In July 2017, ABC Radio National highlighted Wilcannia's positive social aspects in a 6-part series called Positively Wilcannia, produced by the podcast The Real Thing.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, multiple media outlets highlighted how poor living conditions and overcrowding in houses in Wilcannia resulted in the town having Australia's highest per-capita case rate, with one-sixth of residents testing positive to the virus; about 90% of them were Aboriginal. A parliamentary inquiry into New South Wales' handling of the pandemic was told that community leaders warned authorities a year earlier about how Wilcannia's overcrowding situation could lead to a crisis if the virus entered the town.

Climate
Wilcannia has a hot desert climate (BWh) under the Köppen climate classification, featuring very hot, dry summers and short, cool winters. The annual average rainfall is  which would make it a semi-arid climate except that its high evapotranspiration, or its barrenness, makes it a desert climate.

Mean maximum daily temperature in summer is 34 °C and in winter is 19 °C.  The highest temperature recorded in Wilcannia was  on 11 January 1939. This was during the severe heatwave of January 1939.

Significant weather
On 9 November 1950, a severe thunderstorm with damaging winds and large hail the size of cricket balls struck the town. Two people were injured, dozens of homes lost their roofs and nearly every house in town was damaged due to the large hail.

Notable people
 Annie Moysey, known as Wilcannia's Grandmother
 The Wilcannia Mob, a hip hop musical group of five Indigenous Australians
 Owen Whyman, initiator of political party Indigenous-Aboriginal Party of Australia

Gallery

See also
 Wilcannia Athenaeum
 List of extreme temperatures in Australia

Notes

References

External links

Visit NSW Wilcannia

 – a Desert Pea Media community project with a group of young Indigenous people enrolled at Wilcannia High School, and a group of community leaders from Wilcannia and Broken Hill

Towns in New South Wales
Populated places on the Darling River
River ports of Australia
Central Darling Shire

Wilcannia


Hypotension is low blood pressure.  A person with low blood pressure is called hypotensive.

Everybody's blood pressure is different.  Some people have naturally low blood pressure.  However, for most adults, a systolic blood pressure of under 90, or a diastolic blood pressure of under 60, is low blood pressure.  (Systolic is the top number in a blood pressure reading; diastolic is the bottom number.)

Symptoms
Low blood pressure is not always dangerous.  However, low blood pressure is dangerous if it causes any of these symptoms:
 Feeling dizzy
 Fainting (this is called syncope)
 If the blood pressure gets even lower, or the person faints, when they stand up (this is called orthostasis or orthostatic hypotension).  This means that the blood pressure is so low that it cannot get blood to the brain when the person is standing up.
 Pale, cold, clammy skin (this is called diaphoresis).  This is a sign that the body is in trouble, and is using its natural defense strategies to try to fix a problem.
 Being unable to think or focus on something
 Nausea
 Feeling tired or depressed
 Feeling very thirsty (this happens when low blood pressure is caused by dehydration, meaning the person has not drunk enough fluids.  The body senses this and gets thirsty so the person will drink more)
 Quick, shallow breathing (this is a sign that the body is not getting enough blood and oxygen, and is trying to take in more oxygen by breathing faster)

What problems can low blood pressure cause?
If low blood pressure makes a person faint, the person could hurt themselves while falling.

If a person's blood pressure is very low, the heart will be unable to pump blood and oxygen to important parts of the body.  Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to live.  Without blood and oxygen, important parts of the body, like the heart and brain, can be damaged.

Treatment

First aid
If a person's blood pressure is low enough that they are feeling dizzy, they should lay down on the ground.  Putting their feet up, or bending their knees, is also helpful.  This makes it easier for blood and oxygen to get to the brain (because the blood does not have to work against gravity to get up to the brain, like it would if the person were standing).  Lying down will also make sure that the person does not hurt themselves by falling if they faint.

Medical treatment
Doctors can treat hypotension by treating whatever is causing the low blood pressure.  Sometimes, low blood pressure is caused by dehydration.  This can be treated by having the patient eat more salt, drink more fluids, or (in serious cases) get fluids through a needle placed into a vein.

If low blood pressure is caused by medicines, doctors can change those medications to others that do not lower blood pressure as much.

There are also medications that increase blood pressure.  They work by making it harder for blood vessels to relax.  (When blood vessels relax, blood pressure goes down.  If the blood vessels cannot relax as easily, blood pressure goes up.)

Related pages
Blood pressure
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

References

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system

Hypotension


Cordyline obtecta (Ti, Norfolk Island cabbage tree, Three Kings cabbage tree) is a widely branching monocot tree native to Norfolk Island (the type locality), and to northern New Zealand. The species name obtecta derives from the Latin obtegere (to conceal, to cover up), alluding to the way the inflorescence barely protruded beyond the leaves in the plant first described.

Distribution
On Norfolk Island, C. obtecta grows in forest on Mt Bates, Mt Pitt, and elsewhere in the National Park. In New Zealand it was first described as C. kaspar and was thought to be restricted to the Three Kings Islands, 55 km north of the North Island. Later it was found on the North Island at North Cape, and on Murimotu Island and the Poor Knights Islands. In 2005, C. kaspar was relegated to synonymy with C. obtecta.

Description
 C. obtecta is a cabbage tree up to  tall (generally much less), with a stout trunk  in diameter. It has spreading branches covered with densely clustered stiff leaves that appear in tufts at the tips of the branches. The leaves are  long, and  wide, narrowing towards their bases into short leaf stems about  wide. The leaves droop somewhat as they age. The flowers of C. obtecta are borne in many large, open branched panicles that appear among the leaves. The flowers are each about  in diameter, and are very strongly scented. The fruit is a spherical berry  in diameter, whitish or purplish blue. The bark on the trunk is grey and flaky.

Threats
On Norfolk Island many populations of C. obtecta are threatened outside the national park, and it is listed as 'vulnerable' under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 The New Zealand Plant Conservation Network lists the plant as 'At Risk/Range Restricted'. It also occasionally hybridises in New Zealand with C. australis, the characteristics of the resultant plants being intermediate to those of the parents.

Cultivation
C. obtecta is an attractive small tree which tolerates full sun but prefers shade when young. It is intolerant of wet conditions and is likely to be sensitive to frost. There are at least two commercially available cultivars which are becoming popular for street planting and for home gardens. 'Green Goddess'  (probably of Three Kings origin) has slightly glaucous, matte-surfaced leaves and stiffly upright fruit panicles. 'Emerald Goddess' (probably from Norfolk Island) has glossy grass-green leaves and lax panicles.

Notes

References
Salmon J T, The Native Trees of New Zealand, AH & AW Reed, Wellington, New Zealand, 1973.

Asparagales of Australia
obtecta
Trees of Australia
Trees of New Zealand
Flora of Norfolk Island
Flora of the North Island
Taxa named by Robert Graham

Cordyline obtecta


Attila Ambrus (born October 6, 1967), alias The Whiskey Robber, is a Hungarian former bank robber and professional ice hockey player. He became notorious during the 1990s for committing a string of undercover "gentleman robberies" in and around Budapest, Hungary, while working a day job as a goaltender. He became infamous in Hungary as a folk hero symbolic of the times in the decade after the introduction of capitalism to the former Communist state. Ambrus was eventually caught and imprisoned for about 12 years, released in 2012. His story was told in the 2004 book Ballad of the Whiskey Robber by author Julian Rubinstein and the 2017 film A Viszkis directed by Nimród Antal.

Life and career
Ambrus was born in a Székely Hungarian family in Fitod, a small village in eastern Transylvania, Romania, right outside Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda).

Ambrus had trouble with the law from a young age for committing petty thefts. In 1988, Ambrus illegally crossed Romania's borders by riding underneath a freight train and applied for political asylum and citizenship in Hungary, the latter of which he obtained in 1994.

Ambrus made a living through a variety of odd jobs, including being a gravedigger and a pelt smuggler, after which he tried out for the professional hockey team Újpesti TE. Despite his abysmal performance, he was admitted to the roster as goaltender while doubling as the team's janitor. Ambrus' hockey teammates gave him the nickname "The Panther from Csík." Ambrus's income continued to be insecure as he worked a variety of side jobs, and he committed his first robbery of a post office in 1993. After this success, Ambrus continued a string of 27 robberies of banks, post offices, and travel agents that ended with his arrest in 1999, stealing in all about 100 million forints (about half a million US dollars).

Ambrus became known as "The Whiskey Robber", because he was often seen drinking whiskey at a nearby pub prior to the robbery. While he later carried a gun, Ambrus never harmed anyone in his robberies, and was famous for his outlandish disguises, for presenting female tellers with flowers prior to robberies, and for sending the police bottles of wine. Immensely popular at the time of his arrest on January 15, 1999, a flag honoring the Whiskey Robber was flown at the UTE stadium for years afterwards.

Ambrus escaped from prison on July 10, 1999, using a rope made of shredded sheets, electric cords, and shoe laces. Nobody had ever escaped from that prison before. He evaded police custody for three months while living in a downtown Budapest apartment and was caught again after another robbery when police located his hideout after Ambrus accidentally left a piece of evidence behind at the crime scene. Ambrus was sentenced to 17 years in a maximum security prison. He was released early on parole because of good behavior on January 31, 2012.

Ambrus' accomplice on one of his earlier heists, Károly Antal (also a Romanian of Hungarian ethnicity), was caught at the Romanian-Hungarian border in 2004 and was sentenced to two and a half years of prison. His accomplice on most of his latter heists, Gábor Orbán, served an eight-year sentence in a medium security prison.

While in prison Ambrus took up pottery and after being released from jail in 2012 he continued pottery production in his native country, Romania, in Miercurea Ciuc. He has been the subject of six songs.

In other media

Ambrus was the subject of the award-winning book, Ballad of the Whiskey Robber (2004) by Julian Rubinstein. Rubinstein's book was adapted to audiobook with a full cast starring Eric Bogosian, Demetri Martin, novelist Gary Shteyngart, HBO Bored to Death's Jonathan Ames, novelist Arthur Phillips, singer Tommy Ramone and others; it was noted for its new approach to the medium. There have been Hungarian and German theater productions of scenes from the book. The book was optioned for film by Johnny Depp and Warner Bros. of which a screenplay was written that was named to Hollywood's 2008 Black List of best unproduced scripts of the year.

His story was adapted to film by Nimród Antal; the film, titled The Whiskey Bandit (Hungarian: A Viszkis), was released in November 2017.

References

External links
 The Great Escape - article in the Central Europe Review
 Worst Pro Goalie Ever Still in Jail--For Robbing Banks - Article in USA Today, Oct. 4, 2007

1967 births
Living people
People from Harghita County
Székely people
Hungarian ice hockey goaltenders
Hungarian bank robbers
Hungarian prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Hungary

Attila Ambrus


The culture of Liberia reflects this nation's diverse ethnicities and long history. Liberia is located in West Africa on the Atlantic Coast.

Languages

The official language of Liberia is English. There are also more than 16 indigenous languages. Among the most widely studied Liberian languages in schools and universities are Kpelle and Bassa languages and to a lesser extent, Vai. Loma and Mende also have their own unique alphabets but are studied less.

Both languages are noted for their unique alphabets and phonetics that are not based on the Latin alphabet, or any European language but emerged from visions of each language's inventor. Bassa alphabet was popularized by Dr. Thomas Narvin Lewis in the early 20th century, after attending studies in the U.S at Syracuse University. He modeled it after he came into contact with former slaves of Bassa origin in Brazil and the West Indies who were still using the alphabet. Vai is another well known ancient script from Liberia, but distinct from the Bassa alphabet.

Among the listed alphabets, Bassa Vah is compared to include Armenian, Coptic (used by Egyptian Coptic and Coptic Church), Avestan used in Ancient Persia to write sacred hymns of Zoroastrianism, Georgian language in Republic of Georgia, Mongolian, Meroitic alphabet of ancient Sudan and parts of Nile Valley, and many other ancient scripts, Greek-based and Cyrillic alphabets. Some Vah letters resemble certain letters from the Ge'ez alphabet of Ethiopia and Eritrea, N'ko alphabet in Guinea, and Armenian alphabet.

The syllabary of Vai also been compared to Hiragana and Katakana scripts also syllabary for Japanese language. However many linguists hold that Bassa and Vai alphabets are unique in their own right for being African languages with alphabets alongside Ge'ez, N'ko, and Tifinagh (used to write Berber languages) that are neither influenced by Latin or Western writing system.

Religion

According To the 2008 National Census, 85.5% of Liberia's population practices Christianity. Muslims comprise 12.2% of the population, largely coming from the Mandingo and Vai ethnic groups.

Belief in traditional supernatural world
Regardless of public statements of identification with Christianity, a "vast majority" of Liberians believe a supernatural world of ancestral and bush spirits that impact daily life. Ethnic groups in all regions of Liberia participate in the traditional religious practices of the Poro and Sande secret societies, with the exception of the Krahn ethnic group, who have their own secret society.

"Liberian religious culture is characterised by a predisposition towards secrecy (encapsulated in the concept of ifa mo - "do not speak it") and an ingrained belief in the intervention of mysterious forces in human affairs". "Both elite and non-elite Liberians usually attribute events to the activities of secret powers and forces".

"Beliefs include the conviction that there are deep and hidden things about an individual that only diviners, priests, and other qualified persons can unravel. This presupposes that whatever exists or happens in the physical realm has foundations in the spirit world".

Secret societies
While still belonging to Christian or Muslim denominations, ethnic groups in all regions participate in religious secret societies associated with the spirit world, including the Poro and Sande gender-based secret societies. The Sande society champions women's social and political interests and promotes their solidarity vis-a-vis the Poro society, a complementary secret society for men. The Poro society is found among the Bassa, Gola, Kissi, Kpelle, Loma, People and Vai of Liberia.

Polygamy

One third of married Liberian women between the ages of 15-49 are in polygamous marriages. Customary law allows men to have up to 4 wives.

Media culture

Numerous newspapers, radio stations and TV programs are broadcast and can be heard in the capital Monrovia, coastal cities and towns and countryside. Radio, newspapers and online news articles are the main form of mass communication in Liberia in recent years, surpassing TV stations as the most accessible forms of media to Liberians. Many popular FM radio stations have their headquarters in Monrovia along with several major national newspapers.

Many radio stations are community based operated by joint United Nations and community councils, activists, youth groups, universities and neighborhood programs. The major radio stations in Liberia are UNMIL Radio, Radio ELWA, Truth Radio, ELBC Radio, and STAR radio. All have programs available to listen to online. There are currently no AM radio stations (which existed before the war) but there are a few shortwave stations. Radio also serves to promote peace, reconciliation and connect the country both rural and urban Liberians through community based apprenticeship programs for youths and young adults.

A famous news blackboard in Monrovia is The Daily Talk. The Daily Talk is accessible for free. According to The New York Times, the blackboard is "the most widely read report" in Monrovia, as many Monrovians lack the money or the electricity necessary for access to the conventional mass media.

The most widely read newspapers include the Liberia Herald, The Analyst, Liberian Observer, The News, The Heritage, and The Inquirer, among others. Several Liberian journalists have been awarded national and international awards and acclaim around the world for their commitment to press freedom and promotion of Democracy in post war countries and regions.

The arts

Music

Liberia has its own ancient music and instruments. While Liberian music is part of wider West African music heritage, it is also distinct from its neighbors. There are several different types of drums used in traditional music. Drums are one of the most widely used instruments in many ceremonies both official and nonofficial, weddings, christenings, naming ceremonies, holidays, graduations, etc. Next to drums, beaded gourd rattles called Saasaa are also used in mainstream music by many Liberian singers, musicians, and ensembles across the country.

Songs are sung in both English and all indigenous languages. Other instruments similar to the xylophone include Yomo Gor. Music is a main highlight of Liberian culture not only used as entertainment but to educate society on issues ranging from culture, politics, history to human rights.

Religious music is also popular. Christian music is heavily influenced by its counterpart in United States regardless of region. Islamic nasheeds popular in many countries with Muslim communities are almost unheard of in Liberia. Instead, music for Liberian Muslims are based on Quranic citations, adhan and music related to everyday life called suku. Aside from religious and traditional music, rap and HiLife are widely popular especially with younger Liberians and American music aficionados. Both can be heard in discothèques, parties, clubs and on radios throughout the country. Jazz, funk, soul, rap and a new music style or Liberian rap called Hipco combining rap, R&B, traditional rhymes, and joint Liberian and American influences are part of the wider Music of Liberia.

Crafts

Liberia is renowned for its detailed decorative and ornate masks, large and miniature wood carvings of realistic human faces, famous people, scenes of everyday life, and accessories particularly combs, spoons, and forks which are often enlarged sculptures. Sculptures are produced in both the countryside and cities. Liberian wood curved sculptures are heavily influenced by ancient history predating modern Liberia, folklore, proverbs, spirituality, rural life and show the artist's strong observations for grand detail and their connections to the people and objects sculpted. Liberian artists both in the country and diaspora have also gained recognition for various styles of paintings in abstract, perspective, and graphic art.

Due to its strong relationship with the United States, Liberia has also produced its own American-influenced quilts. The American free people of color and former slaves who emigrated to Liberia brought with them their sewing and quilting skills and was originally done by Americo-Liberians beginning in the 19th century. Queen Victoria invited Martha Ann Ricks, on behalf of Liberian Ambassador Edward Wilmot Blyden, to Windsor Castle on 16 July 1892.

Ricks, a former slave from Tennessee, had saved for more than fifty years, to afford the voyage from Liberia to England to personally thank the Queen for the British navy's actions against the slave trade. Ricks shook hands with the Queen and presented her with a Coffee Tree quilt, which Victoria later sent to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition for display. A mystery remains as to where the quilt is today.

The census of 1843 indicated a variety of occupations, including hatter, milliner, seamstress, and tailor. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. However today, Liberians from all ethnic groups make quilts though it is not as popular as it once was when the country was adapting American customs, culture, and lifestyle in mid 19th century. In modern times, Liberian presidents would present quilts as official government gifts, and when current Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.

Literature
A literary tradition has existed in Liberia for over a century. Liberia had no written tradition until the 19th century. Numerous Liberian authors throughout the years have contributed to the writings of various genres. They have written on folk art, ancient proverbs, everyday life in countryside, city life, religion and observation of their own lives. Culture, tradition, identity, society, taboo subjects, human rights, equality and diversity within Liberia, multiculturalism, Pan-Africanism, colonialism and its reverberating consequences today, post-colonial African countries and future of the country have been featured in novels, books, magazines, and novelettes since the 19th century. The first novel by an African published in English was written by a Liberian, Joseph Jeffrey Walters, a Vai convert to Christianity studying at Oberlin College in the United States. The book titled Guanya Pau: A Story of an African Princess was published in 1891 by Lauer and Mattil of Cleveland, Ohio. The book deals with the issue of child marriage and women's rights. <Griffiths, G. and Singler, J. V. (Edited, republished). Guanya Pau: A Story of an African Princess, Broadview Editions.

Poetry is a prominent canon of Liberian literature. Many authors have presented their pose in all poetic styles. Often adding their own unique perspectives, writing styles and observation of the material and spiritual worlds into their books. Liberia's prominent writers also share a variety of genres that cross several decades.

In the 19th century, Edward Wilmot Blyden was the most renowned Liberian author. A diplomat, educator, statesman and writer, Blyden was considered one of the early fathers of Pan Africanism along with W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvy. His writings revolved around the need for Africans to develop their own identity, be culturally, spiritually and politically aware of their own potential and preside over their own self-rule and to disprove the European view of Africans as culture-less. These writings inspired many Liberian authors in later years and still does today. In the end, he is known in world history and on African continent as the genius behind the phrase, "Africa for Africans!" and later inspired Marcus Garvey's Back to Africa Movement. Blyden is a national hero in Liberia.

During the 20th century and currently in first decade of the 21st century, other authors have taken a less political but prominent role in Liberian literature. Several authors are renowned for their starling, detailed and deep observation of Liberian life both in the country and abroad in Diaspora in Europe or United States. Authors Bai T. Moore, E.G. Bailey, Roland T. Dempster, Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, have all reflected on culture, tradition, modernization and pain of exile, loneliness, lost and remembrance in fiction, and non fiction works.

Bai T. Moore's novelette Murder in the Cassava Patch, is often required reading for many Liberian high school students. Published in 1968, the novelette is based on true story of a murder that discusses the most taboo subjects in mid-20th century Liberia as the story reveals the lives of the main characters and their hometown. E.G. Bailey is a spoken word artist, theatre and radio producer.

Politician and author Wilton G. S. Sankawulo published many collections of poems and stories which later became praised anthologies on Liberian folklore and wider African literary tradition entitled, More Modern African stories. His most celebrated book is Sundown at Dawn: A Liberian Odyssey. According to the book's publisher, Dusty Spark Publishing, it is regarded as "one of the literary achievements of postwar Liberia and contemporary Africa."

Cuisine

Liberian cuisine has rice as its staple. Other ingredients include cassava, fish, bananas, citrus fruit, plantains, coconut, okra and sweet potatoes. Heavy stews spiced with habanero and scotch bonnet chillies are popular and eaten with fufu.

See also

 Kwi (Liberia)

References

External links
 Africa's Plea by Roland T. Dempster
 Liberian Literature: "The Name of the Sound, and the Sound of the Name"
 Sea Breeze Journal of Contemporary Liberian writers

 Liberian Art & Artifacts

pt:Cultura da Libéria

Culture of Liberia


The Prophecy: Uprising is a 2005 fantasy-action-horror-thriller film and the fourth installment in The Prophecy series. This chapter does not feature series regular Christopher Walken, instead starring Doug Bradley, British actor Sean Pertwee, and frequent horror film actress Kari Wuhrer in the lead roles.

This installment continues with the tale of war between angels. In the first war between the angels, Lucifer was cast out of heaven and became the creator of hell. Soon another war between angels started. This time there are two camps: one faction that hates humans and wants them to fall from God's grace, and a second group that helps humans.

Plot
In Romania, theology student Allison has come into possession of The Lexicon, a mysterious book of prophecies that writes itself. This book contains a 23rd chapter of the Book of Revelation, which is still not complete. The last chapter depicts the end of the war of angels and the name of the Antichrist. One of the angels who fell with Satan, Belial (now a demon), wants this book.  Simon, a good angel, opposes him and guides Allison by taking advantage of her mental illness to speak directly to her. While searching for Allison and the book, and to avoid detection, Belial murders people and takes their form.

Satan, pretending to be Interpol agent John Riegert, seeks the help of Dani Simionescu, a police officer who, as a child, provided information to the Romanian secret police about his parents. His parents and baby sister were brought to one of the secret police headquarters and tortured. His baby sister got hurt and was given up for adoption. Satan, as Riegert, reveals that she is Allison. During the investigation, Riegert uses Dani to help track Belial and locate his sister. After the police arrest Belial's current host, Belial possesses one of Dani's coworkers, Laurel.

After revealing himself, Satan brings Dani to the house that was the site of the inhumane tortures. Allison, with guidance of the voices in her head, reaches the same place, followed by Belial, as Laurel. It is the only place where Belial cannot hurt Allison. It is a place of evil, which makes it Satan's domain, and he offers Allison his protection.  Satan explains that, for his own motives, he is willing to assist humanity, as he does not wish Belial to succeed, though he is unable or unwilling to take direct action.

Dani confesses  his sins and seeks forgiveness but is rebuked by his sister. It is here that real motives are revealed. Belial, who was once loyal to Satan, has grown tired of the war between angels and its blurring of morality. Even Satan has taken more of shade of gray, and Belial wants to return to the black and white morality of earlier times. Satan opposes him because he wants to prolong the fighting and prevent a new Hell from emerging. Dani, realizing that Belial needs a host, shoots Laurel, but, before he can kill himself, he is possessed.  Allison kills her brother, and Satan absorbs Belial's soul. After Allison forgives her brother, she leaves the house.

At dawn, Satan tells Allison that, for the present, the war of angels is over, but it will not be for long. Showing her glimpses of her future, he advises her to keep the book safe.

Cast
 John Light as John Riegert /Satan
 Sean Pertwee as Dani Simionescu
 Kari Wuhrer as Allison
 Jason London as Simon
 Doug Bradley as Laurel
 Georgina Rylance as Calra
 Stephen Billington as Ion
 Dan Chiriac as Serban
 Boris Petroff as Father Constantin
 Alin Cristea as Cantor

Development
The Prophecy: Uprising and The Prophecy: Forsaken were filmed simultaneously in Bucharest, Romania. Furthermore, these films are the first to not have Christopher Walken and Steve Hytner reprise their roles as the Archangel Gabriel and the coroner Joseph, respectively.

Reception
Witney Seibold of CraveOnline called it convoluted and "a little hard to follow".  Marco Lanzagorta of PopMatters wrote, "Still, and in spite of a convoluted plot, The Prophecy: Uprising is not an entirely bad film." Beyond Hollywood wrote, "Uprising isn't really a bad movie, although if judged as a standalone film, it's very short and incomplete." Scott Weinberg of DVD Talk rated it 1.5/5 stars and called it "a picture-perfect example of squeezing a cinematic stone for its last droplet of blood".

See also

 List of films about angels

References

External links

2005 films
2005 horror films
American fantasy films
Direct-to-video horror films
2000s English-language films
Romanian-language films
The Prophecy (film series)
Direct-to-video sequel films
Films shot in Bucharest
The Devil in film
Films directed by Joel Soisson
Films with screenplays by Joel Soisson
Dimension Films films
American supernatural horror films
2005 directorial debut films
2000s American films

The Prophecy: Uprising