Harald Sæther (born 9 May 1946) is a Norwegian composer with a diploma (MA) from Grieg Academy (2008) . He is member of the Norwegian Society of Composers and New Music Composers Group (NMK) where he was chairman from 2009 to 2011.

Biography

Education
Sæther is basically a self-taught musician from the early 1960s, with guitar - later electric bass - as his main instrument. In 1963 he, along with three other boys, formed a rock and roll group - The Spiritual Man Group - in Oppdal, Norway. This group disbanded in 1966, and in 1967, he and four other boys formed the hard rock band Hapax Legomenon which was disbanded in the summer of 1970.

In 1971 he started his musical education at the Veitvet Music Conservatory in Oslo, with the violin as his main instrument. After three years at this institution he continued his studies as a musician and music teacher at Trondheim Conservatory of Music in Trondheim, until the spring of 1977.

Career
After 25 years as a musician and music teacher, in 2001 he was badly injured in a serious traffic accident and had to interrupt his  career. This led him to The Grieg Academy in Bergen, where he earned a master's degree (MA) in composition in 2008, with Morten Eide Pedersen as his supervisor.

Sæther has had his music performed by Oslo Sinfonietta and Oslo Soloists Ensemble in Oslo, FMKV (Military Brass Band Orchestra) and the Grieg Academy Sinfonietta in Bergen, Trondheim Sinfonietta in Trondheim, Kristiansund Symphony in Kristiansund, and by several smaller groups and ensembles in Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger and Kristiansund.

In 2008 he had works performed in the ULTIMA Oslo Contemporary Music Festival; in 2010, at the 30-year anniversary of the New Music Composers' Group, at the Numusic Festival in Stavanger; and in 2011 at the Borealis Festival in Bergen.

Sæther is a full-time free-lance composer and has his edited works deposited with MIC (Music Information Centre in Norway).

Works List

Orchestra
Blomen på Dovrefjell (for soprano and orchestra) 1996, lyrics by Ola Setrom. Written to the 100 anniversary of the author's birth.
På Sygelejet (for soprano and orchestra) 1997/1998, lyrics by Henrik Wergeland.
Når du vert gamal (for soprano and orchestra) 1997 1998, lyrics by Jacob Sande.
 Tableaux I, Images Cosmiques (for symphonic band) 2006. Written to The Military Brass Band in Bergen FMKV, Durata 3'45 ".

Sinfonietta
Tableaux II, Images l'Air (for sinfonietta) 2008. Written for the Oslo Sinfonietta to the 30 years anniversary for NMK, Durata 3'40 ".
Resonance Magnetico di Scansione (for sinfonietta) 2010. Written for the Cikada commissioned by NMK, Durata 8'30 ".
Palimpsest (for sinfonietta) 2011. Written to the Borealis Festival in Bergen Bit20 commissioned by NMK, Durata ca. 4'00 ".

Vocals
2000 song (for children's choir and rock band) 1999 text by Astrid Volden, commissioned by Oppdal Musikkråd to mark the millennium
Bøn frå Jord (for mixed choir) 2003/07, text and melody by Arne Hagen, Durata 3'20.
Reise i verk (for soprano and piano) 2005/06, song cycle to texts by Margunn Hageberg, Durata ca. 30 '.
Frie tanker(for soprano and classical guitar) 2006, song cycle to poems by Irene Paulsen, Durata ca. 22'.
Obstupescit venti Cinque (for baritone and bassoon) 2007. Cantata to words by Nanni Cagnone, Italy Durata 16'40"
A ' in altre parole B (for three vocal quartets) 2010, to text by Nanni Cagnone. Written Oslo Soloist Ensemble commissioned by the NMK, Durata 11.40"

Smaller ensembles/Solistic works
Brass Quintet, three movements, 2005, Durata 21'40".
Guerre Extreme song cycle with texts by Esther Tellermann, France (soprano, trumpet, guitar and piano) 2006, Durata ca. 13'.
Fanfaria(Fanfare for four trumpets). Commissioned for the opening of the Oppdal Culture House, 17 March 2007, Durata ca 3'30"
Das Mädchen oder Der Tod by the Lied Der Tod und Das Mädchen Franz Schubert (for soprano, bass, violin, mandolin and tuba) 2007, Durata ca. 12'.
Eight bats 2007, eight miniatures for solo double bass, written for the Polish Double Basiss player Natalia Radzik, Durata ca 12'
Index vacuus (for bandoneon, soprano, percussion and bass clarinet) song cycle with texts by Nanni Cagnone Durata about 19'30 ". Commissioned for the bandoneonist Kåre Jostein Simonsen.
Waves (for bandoneon, percussion and bass clarinet) Durata about 15 '. Commissioned for the bandoneonist Kåre Jostein Simonsen.
Pastorale (for marimba and tape) 2008. Written for the Ultima Festival in Oslo for Wendy Greenberg (Australia) on order from NMK, Durata 8'15".
Jimi Hendrix in memoriam (for viola and tape) 2008. Written for the Serbian violist Rastko Popovic, Durata 3'35"
Tableaux III, Images l'Eau (for harpsichord, electric guitar and tape) 2010. Written to NuMusic festival in Stavanger for Jane Chapman commissioned for NMK, Durata 5'40".

References

External links

1946 births
20th-century composers
21st-century composers
Living people
Norwegian composers
Norwegian male composers
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
People from Oppdal

Harald Sæther


Diana Leafe Christian is an author, former editor of Communities magazine, and nationwide speaker and workshop presenter on starting new ecovillages, on sustainability, on building communities, and on governance by sociocracy. She lives in an off-grid homestead at Earthaven Ecovillage in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina, U.S. She has said that living in an intentional community "is the longest, most expensive, personal growth workshop you will ever take."

Biography
Christian grew up in Los Angeles. She learned to write at what she calls a "real-life school of writing".

Published works
Christian is the author of two books designed to help people who want to join or start their own ecovillages or other intentional communities. In Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities, she uses success stories, cautionary tales, and step-by-step advice to cover typical time-frames and costs; the role of founders; getting started as a group; vision documents; power, governance, and decision-making; legal structures; finding and financing land; zoning issues; sustainable site plans; selecting new members; and good process and communication skills for dealing well with conflict.

In Finding Community: How to Join an Ecovillage or Intentional Community, she covers researching, visiting, evaluating, and joining communities.

During the 1970s and 80s Christian wrote articles for New Age magazine, Yoga Journal, and East West Journal. She hosted radio interview programs in Hawaii and in northern California.

In the early 1990s Christian published a newsletter, Growing Community, about starting new communities. From 1993 to 2007 she was editor of Communities magazine, a quarterly publication of the nonprofit Fellowship for Intentional Community (FIC), about intentional communities and organized neighborhoods in North America.

Public speaking and workshops
Christian speaks, leads workshops, and shows slide presentations on ecovillages in the US and Canada, including Ecovillage Training Center at The Farm in Tennessee, Los Angeles Eco-Village, Lost Valley Educational Center in Oregon, O.U.R. Ecovillage in British Columbia, and Easton Mountain Center in New York. At a 2015 engagement, she spoke on the application of permaculture design principles to ecovillages' financial, legal, and social aspects, in San Diego.

She has led workshops at the North American Cohousing Conference, Twin Oaks Communities Conference, and FIC's Art of Community gathering. Her articles on ecovillages and intentional communities have appeared in publications ranging from Mother Earth News to Canada's This Magazine. She has been quoted in The New York Times, Harper's magazine, and AARP Magazine, and has been interviewed by Vision magazine, New Dimensions Radio, NPR, and the BBC.

From at least as early as 2013, and continuing into 2021, Christian has studied and advised communities on governance and decision-making.  She is conversant on sociocracy and holacracy and the "N Street Consensus Method", as alternatives to what she terms "consensus with unanimity". She was the keynote speaker at 2013 annual conference of the Swedish Ecovillage Network. In 2020, she is leading online courses in sociocracy.

Books
 2003, Creating a Life Together: Practical Tools to Grow Ecovillages and Intentional Communities,  New Society Publishers; New Ed edition, , foreword by Patch Adams
 2006, Vivre autrement: écovillages, communautés et cohabitats, Les éditions Écosociété, , Préface de Jacques Languirand
 2007, Finding Community: How to Join an Ecovillage or Intentional Community , New Society Publishers,

References

External links
 Christian's personal website
 Intentional Community Wiki page on Christian
 "Practical Tools to Grow an Intentional Community", interview on YouTube
"Helping Your Community Thrive: Part 1 with Diana Leafe Christian" (April 9, 2013), on Youtube, relating to Belfast, Maine cohousing community
"Diana Leafe Christian - Decision-making in communities + intro to Sociocracy 2" (December 6, 2013), on Youtube

21st-century American women
American environmentalists
American women environmentalists
Living people
People of intentional communities
Sustainability advocates
Year of birth missing (living people)

Diana Leafe Christian


Fort Myer is the previous name used for a U.S. Army post next to Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, and across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. Founded during the American Civil War as Fort Cass and Fort Whipple, the post merged in 2005 with the neighboring Marine Corps installation, Henderson Hall, and is today named Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall.

History
In 1861, the land that Fort Myer would eventually occupy was part of the Arlington estate, which Mary Anna Custis Lee, the wife of Robert E. Lee, owned and at which Lee resided when not stationed elsewhere (see Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial). When the Civil War began, the Commonwealth of Virginia seceded from the United States, Lee resigned his commission, and he and his wife left the estate. The United States Government then confiscated the estate and began to use it as a  burial ground for Union Army dead (see Arlington National Cemetery), to house freed slaves (Freedmen's Village), and for military purposes, including the Civil War defenses of Washington (see Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War).

Fort Cass

Shortly after the Union Army's rout at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) in late July 1861, the Army constructed in August 1861 a lunette (Fort Ramsay) on the future grounds of Fort Myer. One of the first fortifications built on the Arlington Line, the lunette was located at and near the present post's Forest Circle. Later renamed to Fort Cass, the lunette had a perimeter of  and emplacements for 12 guns.

A May 17, 1864, report from the Union Army's Inspector of Artillery (see Union Army artillery organization) noted the following:

Fort Cass, Maj. N. Shatswell commanding.–Garrison, two companies First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery—8 commissioned officers, 1 ordnance-sergeant, 220 men. Armament, three 6-pounder field guns (smooth), five 20-pounder Parrotts (rifled), three 24-pounder siege guns (smooth), one 24-pounder F. D. howitzer (smooth), one 24-pounder Coehorn mortar. Magazines, two; dry and in good condition. Ammunition, full supply, well packed and in serviceable condition. Implements, complete and serviceable. Drill in artillery, fair. Drill in infantry, fair. Discipline, fair. Garrison sufficient for the work.

Although the Army abandoned the lunette in 1865 at the end of the Civil War, the United States War Department continued to control its property.

Fort Whipple

Following the Union Army's defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) in August 1862, the Army constructed Fort Whipple on the grounds of the former Arlington estate during the spring of 1863. The fort was located a short distance southeast of Fort Cass.  The Army named the fort after Brevet Major General Amiel Weeks Whipple, who died in May 1863 of wounds received during the Battle of Chancellorsville. The fort was considered to be one of the strongest fortifications erected for the defense of Washington during the Civil War. It had a perimeter of 658 yards and places for 43 guns.

The May 17, 1864, report from the Union Army's Inspector of Artillery noted the following:Fort Whipple, Major Rolfe commanding.–Garrison, three companies First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery– l major, 13 commissioned officers, 1 ordnance-sergeant, 414 men. Armament, six 12-pounder field guns (smooth), four 12-pounder field howitzers (smooth), eight 12-pounder James guns (rifled), eleven 4.5-inch ordnance Magazines, four; two not in a serviceable condition. Ammunition, full supply; good condition. Implements, complete and serviceable. Drill in artillery, fair. Drill in infantry, fair. Discipline, fair. Garrison sufficient; interior work.

The Civil War ended in 1865. Fort Whipple, with its fortifications abandoned, then became the home of the Signal School of Instruction for Army and Navy Officers, established in 1869.

Fort Myer
On February 4, 1881, the Army post containing Fort Whipple was renamed Fort Myer as an honor to Brigadier General Albert J. Myer, who had commanded the newly established Signal School of Instruction for Army and Navy Officers from 1869 until he died in August 1880. Since then, the post has been a Signal Corps post, a showcase for the US Army's cavalry, and, since the 1940s, home to the Army's elite ceremonial units—The United States Army Band ("Pershing's Own") and the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment ("The Old Guard").

The National Weather Service was originated there by General Albert J. Myer in 1870.

Fort Myer was the site of the first flight of an aircraft at a military installation. Several exhibition flights by Orville Wright took place there in 1908. On 17 September 1908 it became the location of the first aviation fatality, as Lt. Thomas Selfridge was killed when on a demonstration flight with Orville, at an altitude of about , a propeller split, sending the aircraft out of control. Selfridge suffered a concussion in the crash and later died, the first person to die in powered fixed-wing aircraft. Orville was badly injured, suffering broken ribs and a leg.

Quarters One on Fort Myer, which was originally built as the garrison commander's quarters, has been the home of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army since 1908 when Major General J. Franklin Bell took up residence. It has been the home of every succeeding Chief of Staff, except for General John J. Pershing.

The United States Navy established the nation's first radio telecommunications station, NAA, near Fort Myer in 1913. In 1915, the station's radio towers, "The Three Sisters",   transmitted to Paris the first wireless communication that crossed the Atlantic Ocean.

During World War I, Fort Myer was a staging area for a large number of engineering, artillery, and chemical companies and regiments. The area of Fort Myer now occupied by Andrew Rader Health Clinic and the Commissary were made into a trench-system training grounds where French officers taught the Americans about trench warfare.

General George S. Patton Jr., who was posted at Fort Myer four different times, started the charitable "Society Circus" after World War I. He ultimately was Post Commander and commanded the 3rd Cavalry Regiment that was stationed at Fort Myer from the 1920s to 1942 when the regiment was sent to Georgia to get mechanized.

In late 2001, troops, deployed in response to the September 11th attacks, were bivouacked at Fort Myer. These troops were under Operation Noble Eagle. These included both active and National Guard Military Police units from around the nation. In 2005 the last remaining deployed responders were demobilized.

Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall

As a result of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission initiative to create more efficiency of efforts, the Army's Fort Myer and the Marines' Henderson Hall became the first Joint Base in the Department of Defense. Joint Base Myer–Henderson Hall (JBMHH) consists of military installations at Fort Myer, Henderson Hall, The Pentagon, and Fort Lesley J. McNair. These installations and departments serve over 150,000 active duty, DoD civilian, and retired military personnel in the region.

Commemorative
The fort was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972, for its well-preserved concentration of cavalry facilities and officers' quarters, and for its importance in military aviation history. On September 1, 1970, the United States Postal Service issued its first day cover of a postcard celebrating the 100th anniversary of Weather Services at Fort Myer.

A pamphlet and one book have been published about Fort Myer. The book, Images of America: Fort Myer, contains a copy of a handwritten letter from Abraham Lincoln that appointed General Whipple's oldest son to the United States Military Academy at West Point.

See also
 List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Arlington County, Virginia

Notes

References

External links

 Images of Fort Myer in the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) via Library of Congress:
Quartermaster Workshops at Arlington Boulevard & Second Street
Quartermaster Garage at Arlington Boulevard & Second Street
 Commissary Sergeant's Quarters on Washington Avenue between Johnson Lane & Custer Road
First Sergeant's Quarters on Washington Avenue between Johnson Lane & Custer Road
Noncommissioned Officers Quarters on Washington Avenue between Johnson Lane & Custer Road
 Historical Perspective

Air transportation buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
Myer
Buildings and structures in Arlington County, Virginia
Civil War defenses of Washington, D.C.
Myer
Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Arlington County, Virginia
United States Army posts
Victorian architecture in Virginia

Fort Myer


Lindow Moss, also known as Saltersley Common, is a raised mire peat bog on the edge of Wilmslow in Cheshire, England. It has been used as common land since the medieval period and is best known for the discovery of the preserved bog body of Lindow Man in 1984.

The peat bog was formed in a collection of hollows left by melting ice at the end of the last ice age. It is believed to have been a site of religious significance to the ancient Celts. The first written record of Lindow Moss was in 1421 when the lord of Mobberley and Wilmslow allowed people to dig peat from the mossland for use as fuel. It originally covered over 600 hectares (1,500 acres), but has since shrunk to a tenth of its original size. The bog can be a dangerous place; an 18th-century writer recorded people drowning there.

For centuries, peat from the bog was used as fuel. It continues to be extracted but now for mixing within compost products. The process is now mechanised with a mechanical digger.

The site is known for its flora and fauna such as hare's-tail cottongrass, common cottongrass and green hairstreak butterfly. It also has been a habitat for water voles although their continued existence is threatened by sinking water levels. The Saltersley Common Preservation Society promotes the preservation of the moss. In November 2011, they teamed up with a local amateur filmmaker to produce a short video detailing the history of the bog and some of the threats it faces.

See also

 Lindow Common – adjacent SSSI

Notes

References

Further reading
Norbury, W.H. 1884. Lindow Common as a Peat Bog: Its Age and its People. Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, 2: 61–75.
Lindow and the Bog Warriors, Hyde and Pemberton (Rex Publishing 2002)

External links

Lindow Moss

Bogs of England
Landforms of Cheshire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cheshire
Wilmslow

Lindow Moss


Calvary Baptist Church, originally St. Paul's Episcopal Church, is located on St. Paul's Place in  Ossining, New York, United States. It is a stone building in the Gothic Revival architectural style, considered the best preserved early example of that style in Westchester County. It is also one of the few remaining Calvin Pollard buildings in the state. Built in the 1830s, it is the oldest house of worship in the village.  In 1978 it and its rectory across the street were added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The original marble used for the church was quarried by inmates at nearby Sing Sing Prison. In the middle of the 19th century the rectory was added, across the street, and the church expanded. One of those architectural additions, a spire was removed in the mid-20th century. Shortly thereafter, the original Episcopal congregation moved out and sold the building to the new Calvary Baptist Church, which has occupied it ever since.

Buildings

The church and rectory (now used as an annex) are on, respectively, the north and south sides of St. Paul's Place between State and Spring streets in downtown Ossining. Ossining's late-20th-century post office is to the northwest; across from it are the buildings of the Main Street crescent in the Downtown Ossining Historic District. There is a large building to the east of the church; otherwise, the only immediate neighbors are parking lots as the downtown area gives way to residential neighborhoods in all directions other than north. The land slopes gently down towards the steep bluff overlooking the Hudson River to the west.

The main building itself is a one-story three-by-four-bay structure faced in rough-cut Sing Sing marble with smooth stone used for trim. A square bell tower rises from the south (front) end. On the north is a small brick chancel with a brick chimney on the west; a small concrete block shed is attached to the east wall.

Every corner of the facades is buttressed. The south features blank label-molded pointed arched niches on either side of the tower. On either side of the nave are three pointed-arched stained-glass windows with simple tracery; above double-hung windows with diamond-shaped mullions. In the rear of the chancel is a single large Tudor arched stained-glass window with two narrow sash windows on the east; above it the main block has a small round oculus. On the inside the church has exposed wooden roof trusses, the stained glass windows, and a large pointed chancel arch.

Stone steps with metal railings rise to the tower, with entrances on all three sides. All are double wooden doors in blind pointed arches with decorative woodwork paneled transoms. The east and west entrance rise to the same level as the tower's lowest buttress; the south entrance reaches the same level as the flanking niches. From the lower buttress another buttress rises to a level parallel with a cornice at the roofline on the side faces. The cornice does not continue onto the south facer of the tower; it is replaced by a centrally located shield-shaped stone commemorative plaque reading "St. Paul's Church, A.D. MDCCCXXXV". Above it is another cornice at the top of the roof, setting off a final stage with a narrow pointed-arch louvered vent in the center of each face. A small cross tops the tower.

The rectory across the street is a two-and-a-half-story three-bay brick residence with a one-and-a-half-story wing projecting from the south and a one-story center-gabled porch across the north (front) elevation. It has Gothic detailing similar to that on the church, in particular two-over-two double-hung sash pointed-arched windows. The gabled roof is set off by a simple frieze. Inside it has the original staircase, and intact decorative ceilings and door and window surrounds.

History

In the 1830s Ossining, then known as Sing Sing, was at its pre-industrial peak. The Croton Turnpike (now New York State Route 133) brought the produce of inland farms to the port along the Hudson River where they could be shipped to New York City and other large markets. Around the docks were shipbuilders and related industries. Inmates at Sing Sing prison, established in 1825, quarried marble for use in local buildings, among other such operations.

A growing Episcopal congregation decided it needed its own church. In 1834 it obtained the lot for $800 ($ in modern dollars) from Richard Austin, a wealthy local lawyer whose house, also listed on the National Register, is today a local history museum. For the design, it commissioned Calvin Pollard, a New York City architect who had recently won the design contest for Brooklyn Borough Hall (for which only his foundation was ultimately used), who produced a design in the new Gothic Revival style that used Sing Sing marble. In 1835 it was completed and opened.

It grew with the village as the railroad came to the waterfront and industrialized it. In 1859 the chancel was added to the rear. The rectory across the street, added in 1864, was designed to be architecturally sympathetic with the church it faced. In 1870 a spire was added to the top of the bell tower.

Weather damaged it in 1951, and it was removed. Shortly afterwards the Episcopalians, reflecting the suburbanization of Ossining, moved to a new church on Ganung Drive in the surrounding Town of Ossining and became St. Paul's on the Hill. Calvary bought the vacant church in 1958 and has remained there.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York

References

External links
Calvary Baptist Church website

Baptist churches in New York (state)
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Westchester County, New York
Churches completed in 1835
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
Churches in Westchester County, New York
Gothic Revival church buildings in New York (state)
Ossining, New York

Calvary Baptist Church (Ossining, New York)


Indochine () is a French rock and new wave band formed in Paris in 1981. They became very successful in the Francophonie, Europe and Latin America in the 1980s, with songs like "L'Aventurier" and "Canary Bay". Following the release of several critically acclaimed, but commercially unsuccessful, albums in the 1990s, the group returned to stardom with the release of Paradize in 2002. The band has sold over 13 million albums and singles.

History

1980s
Indochine (French for Indochina) was formed in 1981 by two Frenchmen in their early twenties, Nicola Sirkis and Dominique Nicolas, in Paris. They soon added Dimitri Bodiansky, the cousin of one of Nicola's friends.

They gave their first concert at Le Rose Bonbon, a café in Paris on 29 September 1981. This brief performance on stage earned them their first contract with a record company.

They recorded their first single in November 1981. It included two songs, "Dizzidence Politik" and "Françoise", but drew more attention from critics than from the mainstream media and only reached a limited audience.

Stéphane Sirkis, Nicola's twin brother who had already performed with the band on stage, officially joined the band, and in April 1982 the group recorded their first album, L'Aventurier, which sold more than 250,000 copies. The album was well received by the press and by an emerging new wave audience.

L'aventurier is the song of the summer 1982 in France.

In 1983, Indochine released a second album entitled Le Péril Jaune ("Yellow Peril") which sold 225,000 copies. Indochine had by this stage become a major act in French music. In 1984, the band toured France. They were also successful in Scandinavia, most notably in Sweden.

By 1985, they had achieved a large following, reflected by the success of such songs as "Troisième sexe" ("third sex"), "Canary Bay", and "Trois nuits par semaine". Their third album, 3, sold 750,000 copies in Europe. Serge Gainsbourg directed the video to "Tes yeux noirs", one of the group's most successful songs.

Indochine becomes the largest "new wave" band in France. The single "L'Aventurier" won the French awards "bus d'acier 1983".

In 1986, to celebrate the fifth anniversary of the band, Indochine decided to release the recording of the concert given at the Zénith in Paris.

Their fourth album, 7000 Danses, produced by Joe Glasman, was released in 1987. It sold about 320,000 copies making it a successful album though far less so than its predecessor, 3. This is partly due to the band's efforts to produce a less mainstream, commercial album. 7000 Danses was also released amidst a controversy stemming from rock critics claiming that Indochine were a mere copy of British band The Cure. In spite of the controversy fans continued to support the group.

1988 Tour

Starting in 1986 the band gained a following in Lima, Peru as a result of the radio broadcast of their 'L'Aventurier' single.  Then, in early 1987, the small record label, El Virrey, negotiated the rights to the 'Au Zénith' album, which it released as 33 rpm LP and on cassette tape.

Surprised by this development, Indochine decided to add a stop in Lima after their transatlantic debut in Montreal. Following their appearance in Montreal on 6 April 1988, the band traveled to Peru. There, they performed before their Lima fans in four shows, on 29 and 30 April, and on 6 and 7 May 1988, at the Coliseo Amauta, reaching a total audience of over 40,000 people. In that period the band sold some 400,000 recordings in Peru.

That was the only Indochine tour in the late 1980s. For this tour the quartet had the participation of guest musicians such as Diego Burgard (Bass) and Jean-My Truong (Drums), a documentary about the tour was filmed in different cities in Europe, Canada and Peru and it was released for sale on VHS tape in 1989.

1990s
Drained after many months touring, the band took a break. Their fifth studio album, Le Baiser, was released in early 1990. Fans were shocked to discover that Dimitri Bodiansky was no longer part of the group, having decided to leave the band in January 1989 . His departure can be attributed to a number of reasons. First of all, Indochine's sound had evolved over the years and Bodiansky found he had less and less to do as a saxophonist. He was also feeling pressure at home having recently become a father. All this contributed to tension between him and the rest of the band. Bodiansky remains a much loved member of the original Indochine line-up and since his departure has guest starred with the band on stage.

1991 marked Indochine's tenth anniversary. To celebrate the occasion, Le Birthday Album was released. It was a best of compilation, including one new track, "La Guerre Est Finie" ("The War Is Over"), which was released as a single. The album's success was considerable (it sold 600,000 copies across Europe) and rekindled interest in the group. However, the single's title proved unfortunate in light of the fact that the Persian Gulf War had just started at the time. For this reason, many radio stations opted not to play the track.

Un jour dans notre vie, their sixth studio album, was released in 1993. It proved unsuccessful, both commercially and critically.

"Un jour dans notre vie" wins French awards " video clip fantastique Gerardmer 1994"

On 27 February 1999, Stéphane Sirkis, guitarist, keyboardist and Nicola's twin brother, died at the age of 39 of hepatitis. He had requested that the band continue after his death.

2000s

On October 2000, the band started a small but successful acoustic tour named Nuits Intimes. The album is released in January 2001.

2001 begins. Nicola and Oli de Sat compose most of the album Paradize that would be released the next year. Year Scott, Camille Laurens, Mickey 3D, Gerard Manset, Jean-Louis Murat and Melissa Auf Der Maur collaborated on the album.

In 2002, they enjoyed renewed success with the Paradize album which sold 1,000,000 copies, including the chart topper J'ai demandé à la lune.This album has marked a change in aesthetics and genre, moving towards a darker tone and more introspective lyrics, influenced by popular acts such as Nine Inch Nails, Placebo and Marilyn Manson.

In 2003, the band received the MTV Europe Music Awards for: "Best French Act", the NRJ Music Awards for: "Album of the year" and La Victoires de la Musique for: "Best pop album of the year"

In December 2005, Indochine returned with Alice & June, featuring a collaboration with Placebo frontman Brian Molko. On 6 and 7 June 2006, the group had a concert in Hanoi Opera House to celebrate their 25th anniversary.

In December 2007, Indochine released a triple live DVD and double CD album entitled Alice & June Tour.  The album featured the full concert recorded in Lille, France in March 2007.

In 2008 Indochine joins the Reporters Sans Frontières campaign, for the boycott of the Beijing Olympic Games's opening ceremony. The cover of the 80's single 'You Spin me Round' is released (all the collected founds were entirely given to RSF).

Their 11th studio album, La République des Meteors, was released on 9 March 2009. The album marked a change in their musical style, slowly moving away from the dark and quirky realms they had explored with "Paradize" and "Alice & June".

2010s
Indochine was the first French band to perform at the Stade de France, on 26 June 2010 their biggest gig ever, sold out and in front of 80,000 people.

In November 2012, the band released their new single Memoria, from their upcoming album Black City Parade.

Black City Parade was released on 11 February 2013 with much anticipation from the fans. The album, despite its almost gloomy cover art, features much brighter and warmer music than the last two albums. The band seemed to want include references to their synthpop and new wave beginnings.
Indochine played several sold-out shows during the first leg of the "Black City Tour" which kicked off on 21 February 2013. Five legs are planned for the "Black City Tour". The band stated that they will be playing around the world. They later announced that they will return to the Stade de France on 27 June 2014.

The second single for Black City Parade was College Boy, a song widely acknowledged to narrate the life of a homosexual teenage boy dealing with bashing and harassment. The video for the single was directed by Canadian filmmaker Xavier Dolan. The video premiered online with a disclaimer stating that it contained violent scenes and would not be suitable for a young audience. The video depicts a young male student facing mobbing and harassment from his schoolmates. The video culminates in him being brutally crucified and shot in the torso by his fellow students. Many criticisms have poured over the Internet about whether the video should be broadcast or not.

The band played two nights at the Stade de France on 27 & 28 June 2014.  They followed the stadium concerts with a much smaller show at London's O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire on 14 July 2014.

In April 2015, the band undertook the eight dates Europe City Club Tour, which saw the band extend beyond its Francophone base by visiting Spain, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and the Netherlands.

2016 was the year of The Festival Tours with performances at Papillons De Nuit (20 May), Les Ardentes (6 July), Carcassonne festival (15 July), Sion Sous Les Etoiles (18 July), Poupet (22 July), La Fête Du Bruit (12 August) and Cabaret Vert (25 August).

Their 13th album, named 13 (2017) had a big success in France, with singles like Un été français or La vie est belle.

In 2020 the band announced a new tour to come in 2021 to celebrate their 40 years of career, the Central Tour, with 5 dates in the biggest French stadiums, making their 4th Stade de France.

Band members
Current Members
 Nicola Sirkis (vocals, guitar, synthesizer and harmonica, from 1981 until present)
 Marc Eliard (bass since 1992)
 Boris Jardel (lead guitar since 1998)
 oLi dE SaT (Olivier Gérard) (keyboards and rhythm guitar since 1999)
 Ludwig Dahlberg (drums since 2015)

Past Members
 Stéphane Sirkis (guitar and keyboards from 1982 to 1999 → death)
 Dominique Nicolas (guitar from 1981 until 1994)
 Dimitri Bodiansky (saxophone from 1981 until 1988)
 Arnaud Devos (drums from 1985 until 1986)
 Diego Burgar (bass from 1988 until 1992)
 Jean-My Truong (drums from 1988 until 1994)
 Didier Petitbeure (timbarde in 2002)
 Philippe Eidel (accordion in 1992)
 Jean Pierre Pilot (keyboards from 1994 until 2001)
 Alexandre Azaria (guitar from 1995 until 1997)
 Monsieur Tox (guitar from 1996 until 1997)
 Monsieur Yann (drums from 1996 until 1998)
 Matthieu Rabaté (drums from 1999 until 2002)
 Monsieur Frédéric (Frédéric Helbert) (keyboards from 2002 until 2004)
 Mr Shoes (François Soulier) (drums from 2002 until 2015)
 Mr Matu (Francois Matuszenski) (Keyboards from 2005 until 2015)

Discography

L'aventurier (1982)
Le péril jaune (1983)
3 (1985)
7000 danses (1987)
Le baiser (1990)
Un jour dans notre vie (1993)
Wax (1996)
Dancetaria (1999)
Paradize (2002)
Alice & June (2005)
La république des meteors (2009)
Black City Parade (2013)
13 (2017)

Biography
 Indochine (1986) by Jean-Eric Perrin
 Le Septennat (1988) by Marc Thirion
 Indochine de A à Z (2003) by Sébastien Bataille
 L'Aventure Indochine (2004) by Christian English and Frédéric Thibaud
 Insolence Rock (2004) by Sébastien Michaud
 Le Roman Vrai d'Indochine  (2005) by Jean-Claude Perrier
 Sur la Muraille d'Indochine  (2007) by Phillipe Crocq
 Indochine Story  (2009) by Anouk Vincent
 Kissing my song  (2011) by Agnès Michaux

References

External links

 Official Indochine website
 Biography of Indochine, from Radio France Internationale

French new wave musical groups
French rock music groups
Ariola Records artists
Musical groups established in 1981
Musical groups from Paris
MTV Europe Music Award winners

Indochine (band)


Anne E. Wojcicki ( ; born July 28, 1973) is an American entrepreneur who co-founded and serves as CEO of the personal genomics company 23andMe. She founded the company in 2006 with Linda Avey and Paul Cusenza to provide the general public access to their genetic information. She is a co-founder and board member of the Breakthrough Prize. Wojcicki married Google co-founder Sergey Brin in 2007, and divorced eight years later.

Early life and education
Wojcicki was born in Palo Alto, California, and has two older sisters—Susan Wojcicki, former CEO of YouTube, and Janet Wojcicki, an anthropologist and epidemiologist. Her parents are Esther Wojcicki (née Hochman), an educator and journalist, and Stanley Wojcicki, a Polish-born physics professor emeritus at Stanford University. The three sisters grew up on Stanford's campus. When she was fourteen, she learned how to figure skate, and later started playing ice hockey.

Wojcicki attended Gunn High School in Palo Alto, California, where she edited the school newspaper The Oracle, and won a scholarship for her sports stories. She received a bachelor of science in biology at Yale University in 1996. During her time there she played on the varsity women's ice hockey team. She conducted molecular biology research at the National Institutes of Health and at the University of California, San Diego.

Career
After graduating, Wojcicki worked as a health care consultant at Passport Capital, a San Francisco-based investment fund and at Investor AB. She was a health care investment analyst for four years, overseeing health care investments, focusing on biotechnology companies. Disillusioned by the culture of Wall Street and its attitude towards health care, she decided to forego taking the MCAT to enroll in medical school and instead decided to focus on biological research.

Wojcicki is best known as the co-founder and CEO of 23andMe, a direct to consumer DNA testing company, which allows for consumers to test for ancestry and health risks. She founded the company in 2006 with Linda Avey and Paul Cusenza with a goal of providing common people access to their genetic information, which could further provide information on cures for diseases or treatments, especially with the help of Glaxo and their $300 million investment. Wojcicki has expressed interest in "revolutioniz[ing] health care" with DNA testing, as it could provide consumers with enough information to predict potential genetic illnesses.

Consumers can purchase testing kits for $99, $199, and $499 which provide information on ancestry, health, and genetic traits. The company takes saliva samples that are mailed in by buyers, and processes the genetic information, posting the results online for the buyer to view.

The company is named for the 23 pairs of chromosomes in a normal human cell. The company's personal genome test kit was named "Invention of the Year" by Time magazine in 2008. Beginning in 2015, the Food and Drug Administration started to give approval to 23andMe's health-related tests, including risk from cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, certain cancers, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and coeliac disease. In 2018, 23andMe entered into a four-year collaboration with GlaxoSmithKline to develop new medicines.

Wojcicki is a member of the Xconomists, an ad hoc team of editorial advisors for the tech news and media company Xconomy. In October 2013, Fast Company named Wojcicki "The Most Daring CEO". She is a co-founder and board member of the Breakthrough Prize. As of 2020, she is listed as number 93 in Forbes list of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women. In August 2021 Wojcicki joined the board of Cazoo.

Wojcicki has been closely involved in the downtown business district of Los Altos, California. In approximately 2005, Wojcicki and her then husband Sergey Brin bought at least half a dozen commercial properties in downtown Los Altos. Under the name of Passerelle Investment Company, they sponsored events and urban planning initiatives throughout the downtown business district. In 2016, the firm was renamed to Los Altos Community Investments and given a tighter focus on commercial real-estate development. In 2021, Los Altos Community Investments opened a food hall in downtown Los Altos called the State Street Market.

Personal life
Wojcicki married Google co-founder Sergey Brin in May 2007. They have a son, born in 2008, and a daughter born in late 2011. They separated in 2013, and divorced in 2015. Brin and Wojcicki jointly run the Brin Wojcicki Foundation. They have donated extensively to the Michael J. Fox Foundation and in 2009 gave $1 million to support the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. She joined The Giving Pledge in 2022, committing to donating most of her wealth.

Her grandfather, Franciszek Wójcicki, was a People's Party and Polish People's Party politician who had been elected MP during the 1947 Polish legislative election. Her grandmother, Janina Wójcicka Hoskins, was a Polish-American librarian at the Library of Congress who was responsible for building the largest collection of Polish material in the United States.

References

1973 births
American people of Polish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American technology company founders
American women in business
People from San Mateo County, California
American women company founders
Yale Bulldogs women's ice hockey players
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Palo Alto, California
American health care businesspeople
People from Los Altos Hills, California
Y Combinator people
21st-century American biologists
Gunn High School alumni
21st-century American women scientists
Living people

Anne Wojcicki


The Compton Spectrometer and Imager (COSI), is a gamma-ray telescope expected to launch in 2027 as a NASA small astrophysics mission. It is intended to study the recent history of star birth, star death, and the formation of chemical elements in the Milky Way.

"For more than 60 years, NASA has provided opportunities for inventive, smaller-scale missions to fill knowledge gaps where we still seek answers", said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C. "COSI will answer questions about the origin of the chemical elements in our own Milky Way galaxy, the very ingredients critical to the formation of Earth itself".

COSI will study gamma rays from radioactive atoms produced when massive stars exploded to map where chemical elements were formed in the Milky Way. The mission will also probe the mysterious origin of our galaxy's positrons, also known as antielectrons – subatomic particles that have the same mass as an electron but a positive charge.

The principal investigator is John Tomsick at the University of California, Berkeley. The mission will cost approximately US$145 million, not including launch costs. NASA will select a launch provider later. The COSI team spent decades developing their technology through flights on scientific balloons. In 2016, they sent a version of the gamma-ray instrument aboard NASA's super pressure balloon, which is designed for long flights and heavy lifts.

NASA's Explorers Program is the agency's oldest continuous program. It provides frequent, low-cost access to space using principal investigator-led space research relevant to the astrophysics and heliophysics programs. Since the 1958 launch of Explorer 1, which discovered Earth's radiation belts, the program has launched more than 90 missions. The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), another NASA Explorer mission, led to a Nobel Prize in 2006 for its principal investigators. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the program for NASA.

See also

 Gamma-ray astronomy
 Compton scattering
  Semiconductor detector: Germanium detectors

References

External links
 Project web site
 How the instrument functions
 The Compton Spectrometer and Imager Astro2020 APC White Paper (Tomsick et al)

Space telescopes
Explorers Program
2027 in spaceflight

Compton Spectrometer and Imager


Adam Czerniaków (30 November 1880 – 23 July 1942) was a Polish engineer and senator who was head of the Warsaw Ghetto Jewish Council (Judenrat) during World War II. He committed suicide on 23 July 1942 by swallowing a cyanide pill, a day after the commencement of mass extermination of Jews known as the Grossaktion Warsaw.

Life and career
Czerniaków was born on 30 November 1880 in Warsaw, Poland (then part of the Congress Poland). He studied engineering in Warsaw and Dresden and taught in the Jewish community's vocational school in Warsaw. From 1927 to 1934 he served as member of the Warsaw Municipal Council, and in May 1930 was elected to the Polish Senate. On 4 October 1939, a few days after Warsaw surrendered to Nazi Germany, Czerniaków was made head of the 24 member Jewish Council (Judenrat), responsible for implementing German orders in the new Jewish ghetto. The Warsaw Ghetto was closed to the outside world on November 15, 1940.

The Warsaw Ghetto deportations

As the German authorities began preparing for mass deportations of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to the newly built Treblinka extermination camp in July 1942, the Jewish Council was ordered to provide lists of Jews and maps of their residences. On 22 July 1942, the Judenrat received instructions from the SS that all Warsaw Jews were to be "resettled" to the East. Exceptions were made for Jews working in Nazi German factories, Jewish hospital staff, members of the council and the Jewish Ghetto Police with their families. Over the course of the day Czerniaków obtained exemptions for a handful of individuals, including sanitation workers, husbands of women working in factories, and some vocational students. Despite pleading he was unable to obtain an exemption for the children in Janusz Korczak's orphanage or other ghetto orphanages. The orders stated that deportations would begin immediately at the rate of 6,000 people per day, to be supplied by the Jewish Council and the Ghetto Police. Failure would result in the execution of 100 hostages, including council employees and Czerniaków's wife.

Realizing that deportation meant death, Czerniaków went to plead for the orphans. When he failed, he returned to his office at 26/28 Grzybowska Street and killed himself by taking a cyanide capsule. He left a suicide note to his wife, reading "They demand me to kill children of my nation with my own hands. I have nothing to do but to die," and one to his fellow members of the council, explaining: "I can no longer bear all this. My act will prove to everyone what is the right thing to do." He was succeeded by his deputy Marek Lichtenbaum.

Diary of Adam Czerniaków
Czerniaków kept a diary from 6 September 1939 until the day of his death. It was published in 1979 and has been translated into English. His wife Niunia survived the war and preserved his diaries. Adam Czerniaków is interred in the Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery in Warsaw.

In the 2001 Warner Bros motion picture, Uprising, actor Donald Sutherland portrayed Adam Czerniaków. Excerpts of his diary are featured in the 2010 documentary film  A Film Unfinished.

The theatre company Voices of the Holocaust toured England during 2013–14 with the play Fragile Fire based on the Warsaw Ghetto uprising which featured scenes depicting Czerniaków. In 2015 the actor and writer Tim Dalgleish (formerly of Voices of the Holocaust) wrote a full-length play based on Czerniaków's journals called The Last Days of Adam: The true story of Adam Czerniaków. The play depicted Czerniaków as a conflicted character, torn between the need to ameliorate the worst excesses of the Nazis and the danger of being manipulated into becoming a collaborator.

American composer Arnold Rosner's From the Diaries of Adam Czerniaków, Op. 82 is a half-hour classical music work composed in 1986 and scored for full orchestra and a narrator, who reads selected diary entries. The work was commissioned and later recorded by the conductor David Amos. According to the work's only commercial recording, made in 2015, the English translation of Czerniaków's words was made by Raul Hilberg and Stanislaw Staron, in collaboration with Josef Kermisz of Yad Vashem in Jerusalem.

Personal life
Czerniaków was married to Niunia (dr Felicja Czerniakówa) on 24 July 1912. They had a son named Jas, who became a lawyer and economist. Following the invasion of Poland, Jas fled to Soviet occupied territory and was exiled to Kirghiz SSR in Soviet Central Asia, where he died on July 18, 1942.

Niunia survived the war and lived in poor financial conditions till her death in 1950. She was buried next to her husband at the Okopowa Street Jewish Cemetery in Warsaw.

See also
 Julian Tuwim, a nephew of Adam Czerniaków
 Chaim Rumkowski, Jewish Council's head in the Łódź Ghetto

References

Further reading

 Dalgleish, Tim (2015) The Last Days of Adam: The True Story of Adam Czerniakow

1880 births
1942 suicides
Engineers from Warsaw
Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government politicians
Polish politicians who committed suicide
Suicides by cyanide poisoning
Suicides in Poland
People who died in the Warsaw Ghetto
Politicians who died in the Holocaust
Jewish Polish politicians
Jewish engineers
Polish civilians killed in World War II
20th-century Polish engineers
20th-century Polish politicians
Judenrat
1942 deaths
Suicides by Jews during the Holocaust
Polish Jews who died in the Holocaust
Jewish collaborators with Nazi Germany

Adam Czerniaków


1999 Empress's Cup Final was the 21st final of the Empress's Cup competition. The final was played at National Stadium in Tokyo on January 16, 2000. Tasaki Perule FC won the championship.

Overview
Tasaki Perule FC won their 1st title, by defeating defending champion Prima Ham FC Kunoichi on a penalty shoot-out.

Match details

See also
1999 Empress's Cup

References

Empress's Cup finals
1999 in Japanese women's football
Japanese Women's Cup Final 1999

1999 Empress's Cup final


Etna, originally named "Mill Village", is a small community within the town of Hanover, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is located in southwestern Grafton County, approximately  east of Hanover's downtown and  south of the village of Hanover Center, on Mink Brook. Etna has a separate ZIP code 03750 from the rest of Hanover, as well as its own fire station, general store, ball field, playground, church, and library with adjacent conserved land and bird sanctuary. The population within Etna's ZIP Code area was 870 at the 2010 census.

Commerce revolves around the Etna General Store and the Etna Post Office. The Appalachian Trail passes a mile or so north of the village before it turns northeast to cross Moose Mountain on its way to Lyme. Etna can be accessed from NH Rt. 120 via Greensboro Road or Great Hollow Road (Etna Road, north of the Lebanon exit (number 18) from Interstate 89), or from Hanover via Trescott Road (E. Wheelock Street).

Etna was the site of the 2001 murders of Dartmouth College professors Half and Susanne Zantop, dubbed the Dartmouth Murders.

Etna General Store
The store, sometimes referred to by locals as simply the Etna General, is the main retail business located in the area. Nearby one can often see a small blue-and-white yard sign that says "Welcome to Metropolitan Downtown Etna." The Etna Post Office was formerly located adjacent to the General Store, but it moved west across Mink Brook in the early 2000s. The store was planning a renovation in 2017, and is built on the site of the original Etna General Store which burned down in 1921.

Notable people

 Wyatt Allen (b. 1979) Olympic gold medalist, rowing
 Barbara Bedford (b. 1972), Olympic gold medalist, swimming
 John G. Kemeny (1926–1992), mathematician and computer scientist, president of Dartmouth College
 C. Everett Koop (1916–2013), 13th U.S. Surgeon General
 Robert W. McCollum (1925–2010), virologist; made important discoveries regarding polio and hepatitis
 Robert Morris (1932–2011), cryptographer, computer scientist
 Jodi Picoult (b. 1966), author (My Sister's Keeper, The Pact, and Nineteen Minutes)
 Mary Roach (b. 1959), non-fiction author

References

External links
Etna Library

Hanover, New Hampshire
Unincorporated communities in New Hampshire
Unincorporated communities in Grafton County, New Hampshire

Etna, New Hampshire


Giuseppe Ambrosino Di Bruttopilo (born 10 September 2003) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a forward for  club Catanzaro, on loan from Napoli.

Club career
Born in the island of Procida, Ambrosino first started playing football at the eponymous local grassroots club, where he was coached by his father, before joining Napoli's youth sector in 2013, aged ten. Having traveled from his hometown to Naples and vice versa for several years, the forward eventually relocated to Castel Volturno in 2020, in order to stay closer to the club's training facilities.

Following his performances in the Campionato Primavera 1, Ambrosino signed his first professional contract with Napoli in January 2022, and then became the under-19 league's top goalscorer at the end of the 2021–22 campaign. Around the same period of time, he also received his first call-ups to the first team, under head coach Luciano Spalletti.

On 1 September 2022, Ambrosino joined Serie B club Como on a season-long loan. He made his professional debut on 8 December, coming in as a substitute for Leonardo Mancuso at the 80th minute of a 0–0 league draw against Palermo. Then, he scored his first professional goal on 18 December, as he took part in a 3-0 league win against Ternana.

On 18 January 2023, Ambrosino was re-called by Napoli and subsequently sent out on a new loan to fellow Serie B side Cittadella. Three days later, he made his debut for the club, replacing Tommy Maistrello in the 71st minute of a goalless league draw against Cagliari. On 28 January, he made his first professional start in a 1–1 league draw against Venezia.

On 4 August 2023, Ambrosino joined newly-promoted Serie B club Catanzaro on a season-long loan.

International career

Ambrosino has represented Italy at youth international level, having played for the under-19 and under-20 national teams.

In June 2022, he was included in the Italian squad that took part in the 2022 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in Slovakia. He featured in every match, as the Azzurrini reached the semi-finals, before losing to eventual winners England.

In December 2022, he was involved in a training camp led by the Italian senior national team's manager, Roberto Mancini, and aimed to the most promising national talents.

In May 2023, he was included in the Italian squad that took part in the FIFA U-20 World Cup in Argentina, where the Azzurrini finished runners-up after losing to Uruguay in the final match.

Style of play
Ambrosino has been described as a complete forward, who can play either as a number 9 or a shadow striker. He has been mainly regarded for his pace, his technique and his shooting abilities, but his ambidexterity, his tactical intelligence and his vision were also noticed.

He cited Zlatan Ibrahimović as his main source of inspiration, although he received comparisons to Dries Mertens, as well.

Personal life
His father, Domenico, was also a footballer.

Career statistics

Club

Honours
Italy U20
 FIFA U-20 World Cup runner-up: 2023
Individual
 Campionato Primavera 1 top scorer: 2021–22

References

External links

2003 births
Footballers from the Province of Naples
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Serie B players
SSC Napoli players
Como 1907 players
AS Cittadella players
US Catanzaro 1929 players

Giuseppe Ambrosino


Quivira was a province of the ancestral Wichita people, located near the Great Bend of the Arkansas River in central Kansas, The exact site may be near present-day Lyons extending northeast to Salina.

The Wichita city of Etzanoa, which flourished between 1450 and 1700, is likely part of Quivira.

Spanish conquistador Francisco Vásquez de Coronado visited in 1541.

Description

Archaeological evidence suggests that Quivira was located near the Great Bend of the Arkansas River in central Kansas. The remains of several Indigenous communities have been found near Lyons along Cow Creek and the Little Arkansas River along with articles of Spanish manufacture dating from Coronado's time.

The Quivirans were almost certainly the Wichita. Coronado's meager descriptions of Quivira resemble more recent post-contact Wichita communities. The Quivirans seem to have been numerous, based on the number of settlements Coronado visited, with a population of at least 10,000 persons. They were good farmers as well as bison hunters. Judging from Coronado's description, they were a healthy, peaceful people.

The nation of Harahey Coronado found on the borders of Quivira may have been located on the Smoky Hill River near the present city of Salina, Kansas.

The next confirmed European visitor to the Great Bend region after Coronado was Étienne de Bourgmont. In 1724, along with a company of Kaw and other Indigenous explorers, de Bourgmont traveled westward from the Missouri River to a large Indigenous community believed to have an Plains Apache population. The village was near Lyons, precisely where Quivira had been almost 200 years earlier.

The original inhabitants of Quivira migrated to eastern Kansas and south to Oklahoma. Their reasons for moving may have been to escape the encroachment of the Plains Apache, whose expansion created war and hostilities among the nations of the Great Plains. It also appears that the 18th-century Wichita of the 18th century were fewer in number than in the 16th century. This decrease is likely due to smallpox and other European diseases.

Etymology
The origin of the word "Quivira" is uncertain. The inhabitants of Coronado's Quivira called themselves "Tancoa" and "Tabas. These two names are similar to the Wichita tribes, the Tawakonis and Taovayas.

Expedition

In 1540, Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led a large expedition north from Mexico to search for wealth and the Seven Cities of Cibola. Instead of wealth, he found Indigenous farmers living in an array of communities and villages in what are today Arizona and New Mexico. These were the Hopi, Zuni, Rio Grande Pueblo, Apache, and Navajo peoples.

As Coronado arrived at the Rio Grande, he was disappointed by the lack of wealth among the Pueblo people, but he heard from a Plains Indian informant dubbed "The Turk" of a wealthy nation named Quivira far to the east, whose leader supposedly drank from golden cups hanging from the trees. Hearing of this, Coronado led an expedition of more than 1000 Spanish and Indigenous individuals onto the Great Plains in 1541. The Turk served as the expedition's adviser.

On his journey, Coronado traversed the Staked Plains, home to two Indigenous nations: the Querecho and Teya. He was heading southeast when the Teyas told him that the Turk was taking him in the wrong direction and that Quivira was to the north. It appears the Turk was luring the Spaniards away from New Mexico with tales of wealth in Quivira, hoping perhaps that they would get lost in the vastness of the Great Plains. Coronado sent most of his slow-moving expeditionary force back to New Mexico. With 30 mounted Spaniards, Indigenous persons, priests, the Turk and Teya captives forced into service, Coronado changed course northward in search of Quivira. After a march of more than 30 days, he found a large river, probably the Arkansas, and soon met several Indigenous bison hunters, who led him to Quivira.

Spanish visit
Coronado found Quivira "well settled.... The land itself being very fat and black and being very well watered by the rivulets and springs and rivers. I found prunes like those of Spain, and nuts and very good sweet grapes and mulberries." It was, he said, the best land he had seen during his long trek north from Mexico. Coronado spent 25 days in Quivira and traveled about 25 leagues  from one end of the country to the other. He found nothing more than straw-thatched villages of up to 200 houses each and fields of corn, beans, and squash. He found no gold, other than a single small piece, which he speculated the Indigenous owner acquired from a member of his own expedition.

The Spaniards described the locals as being a "large people of good build" with many of the men being more than  and seemed like giants to the Spaniards. Both sexes wore minimal attire.

Coronado was escorted to the border of Quivira at an area called Tabas where the neighboring nation of Harahey began. He summoned the "Lord of Harahey" who, with a retinue of nearly 200, came to meet the Spanish. The Harahey delegation were "all naked — with bows and some sort of things on their heads, and their privy parts slightly covered. It was the same sort of place ... and of about the same size as Quivira." Disappointed at his failure to find wealth, Coronado turned his face toward New Mexico and marched back across the plains, met up with the rest of his army there, and the following year returned to Mexico. Before leaving Quivira, Coronado ordered the Turk executed by strangulation. The Coronado expedition had failed in its quest for gold.

Coronado left behind in New Mexico several Catholic priests and their helpers, including Friar Juan de Padilla. Padilla journeyed back to Quivira with a Portuguese assistant and several Indigenous converts. The friar and most of his companions were soon killed by people from Quivira, apparently because he wished to leave their country to visit their enemies, the Guas. Portuguese and Native survivors reported the story.

Later expeditions

In 1594, Francisco Leyba (Leyva) Bonilla and Antonio de Humana (Umana) made another attempt to find the Quivira of Coronado, though it was denounced as unauthorized by Spanish officials. Only Jusepe Gutierrez, a Nahua returned from this journey. He related that Leyba had killed Umana in a quarrel and that he (Jusepe) had deserted the expedition.

Following this, in 1601, the governor of New Mexico, Juan de Oñate, undertook another expedition in search of Quivira. He found settlements of the Escanjaque and Rayado in the Central Great Plains, but no gold or silver. He learned that Leyba and other members of the Umana and Lebya expedition had been killed by Indians. In 1606, 800 people from Quivira reportedly visited Oñate in New Mexico to trade.

In his 1634 expedition, Captain Alonzo Vaca found Quivira 300 leagues east of New Mexico (this suggests more than ). Another reputed expedition was undertaken in 1662 by Diego Dionisio de Penalosa, who allegedly found a large settlement he called a city, but a modern re-examination of his account concluded that the story is fanciful.

Spanish accounts said Quivirans were enemies of the Escanjaques. In 1675 and 1678 came "two Spanish royal orders for the conquest of Quivira."

In cartography

On early 16th- and 17th-century maps of North America, a large region including what is now Kansas, Oklahoma, southeastern Colorado, northeastern New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle was called "Quivira".

Legacy
The last remnants of the formerly extensive cartographic region of Quivira today is the city of Lake Quivira and the Quivira National Wildlife Refuge in Kansas.

In addition, the "Quivira Council" of the Boy Scouts serves the area of southwestern Kansas around Wichita; the central part of the area that was traditionally called Quivira. The first several yearbooks printed by the University of Kansas were entitled Quivira Also, a major arterial road runs through the Johnson County suburbs of Kansas City named "Quivira Road".

A large abandoned pueblo in Torrance County, New Mexico, was named "La Gran Quivira" ("the Great Quivira"). The community was located within Tompiro-speaking Pueblo territory. During the early period of the Spanish conquest, when the town was called Pueblo de Las Humanas, a mission was built here. In the 1670s, the Tompiro communities were abandoned and absorbed into other Pueblos. The remains of Gran Quivira Pueblo and the mission are today part of Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument.

See also
City of the Caesars
El Dorado
Fountain of Youth
La Canela
Paititi
Sierra de la Plata

References

External links
 The journey of Coronado, 1540-1542, from the city of Mexico to the Grand Canon of the Colorado and the buffalo plains of Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, as told by himself and his followers - Complete primary documents pertaining to Coronado's expeditions, translated by George Parker Winship, at Portal to Texas History.

Mythological populated places
Native American history of Kansas
Native American history of Nebraska
Colonial United States (Spanish)
Spanish colonization of the Americas
Plains tribes
Wichita tribe
Colonial New Mexico

simple:Quivira and Cíbola

Quivira


Andrzej Halicki (born 26 November 1961) is a Polish politician of the Civic Platform (PO) who has been serving as a Member of the European Parliament since the 2019 elections.

Political career

Career in national politics
Halicki joined the PO in 2001.

On 10 January 2007, Halicki replaced Jacek Wojciechowicz as member of the Sejm. In the 2007 parliamentary elections, he was elected to parliament for the second time, receiving 3,369 votes in the Warsaw constituency. On June 24, 2009, he became chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, replacing Krzysztof Lisek. In October 2009, he became the spokesman of the PO parliamentary group, a position he held for a year. In May 2010, he was elected chairman of the PO in the Mazovia region. In the 2011 elections he successfully ran for re-election in the Warsaw constituency, receiving 40,002 votes.

From September 2014 until November 2015, Halicki briefly served as Minister of Administration and Digitization in the government of Prime Minister Ewa Kopacz. During his time in office, he oversaw efforts ley by the country's telecoms regulator UKE on an auction for mobile broadband frequencies.

In addition to his role in parliament, Halicki was as a member of the Polish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2012 until 2019. During that time, he served as Vice-President of the Assembly from 2012 to 2014, under the leadership of President Jean-Claude Mignon.

Member of the European Parliament, 2019–present
In parliament, Halicki has been serving on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (since 2019) and the Committee on Foreign Affairs (since 2021). In addition to his committee assignments, he is part of the parliament's delegation to the Euronest Parliamentary Assembly.

Political positions
In 2021, Halicki called on the European Union to follow Britain's example and impose new anti-corruption sanctions on Russians suspected of fraud and graft.

References

Living people
MEPs for Poland 2019–2024
Civic Platform MEPs
Civic Platform politicians
1961 births

Andrzej Halicki


I Spy Spooky Mansion is a point-and-click puzzle game developed by Black Hammer Productions and published by Scholastic in 1999 based on the I Spy children's books.

Gameplay
In the game, the player starts at the entrance of a haunted mansion. They enter and are locked inside. The "Guide", a skeleton known as Skelly (Voiced by Amy Birnbaum) informs the player that they must earn puzzle pieces to escape the house. They search various areas in the mansion for hidden objects or words specified at the bottom of the screen. Once all of the items in an area have been found, Skelly appears and awards the player with a puzzle piece. When the player has collected 15 puzzle pieces, they may combine them inside a picture frame to obtain instructions leading to Skelly's secret study in the library. Following Skelly's instructions, the player pulls on three books in the order of blue, green, then red. This causes the head on the bookshelf to move, unlocking the secret entrance to Skelly's study. The player can then escape through the window by climbing down a rope with Skelly, taking them back to the front entrance of the mansion. The player is then invited back into the house for more I Spy riddles. From there, the player must find the ingredients to Skelly's favourite recipe: Shrinking Soup. Once the player fetches all of the ingredients, they are able to eat it and escape the mansion through a mousehole by the front door. This hole takes the player back to the front entrance of the mansion, where Skelly invites the player into the house for a final game of riddles. To escape for a third time, the player must collect all of the parts to fix Skelly's ghost machine. Once the machine is repaired, the player creates ghosts from various objects inside the mansion. After creating six ghosts, the seventh and final ghost is revealed. Skelly crawls into the machine to turn into a ghost called the "Get-Out Ghost". The "Get-Out Ghost" propels the player out of the mansion through the chimney. Having finally escaped, Skelly congratulates the player and the game ends.

Re-releases
Scholastic re-released a "Deluxe" version on September 12, 2004, re-released another version on the iPhone on September 3, 2009, and re-released it on the Wii in October 2010. The re-releases expand on the original game in many ways, by adding an additional story after the secret message is uncovered, and adding additional rooms. They boast over 30 I Spy riddles, however many of these riddles have the player revisiting previous stages multiple times.

References

1999 video games
Point-and-click adventure games
Puzzle video games
Hidden object games
Windows games
Classic Mac OS games
MacOS games
IOS games
Video games based on novels
Video games developed in the United States
Wii games
Single-player video games

I Spy Spooky Mansion


Point (), also known as the Eye Peninsula, is a peninsula some 11 km long in the Outer Hebrides (or Western Isles), Scotland. The majority of Point is connected to the rest of the Isle of Lewis by a narrow isthmus, one mile in length and at one point barely 100 metres wide. The peninsula is just 6 km east of the regional capital of Stornoway, however the district of Point actually starts at the Parkend estate on Stornoway's outskirts. Point is home to around 2,600 people and is one of the few districts of the Western Isles where the population is increasing.
There are about 17 villages and hamlets in Point: (listed west to east) Melbost (Mealabost) (Including Stornoway Airport), Branahuie (Bràigh na h-Aoidhe), Aignish (Aiginis), Knock (An Cnoc), Swordale (Suardail), Garrabost, Lower Bayble (Pabail Iarach), Eagleton (Baile na h-Iolaire), Upper Bayble (Pabail Uarach), Shulishader (Sulaisiader, usually referred to as Shader), Sheshader (Seisiader), Flesherin (Fleisirin), Cnoc Amhlaigh, Portnaguran (Port nan Giuran), Aird, Broker (Brocair), and Portvoller (Port Mholair).

Education
Point is served by Sgoil an Rubha (Point School), a primary school which opened in 2011 in Bayble, built on the site of Bayble primary and junior secondary school. There was a long debate about the new school, leading to a gap of over 10 years between the first plans and the building of the school. The school took a year to build, and was the first of a number of new schools built in the Western Isles. There were three primary schools in Point: Bayble, Knock and Aird. These fed into Bayble junior secondary school, which closed when the new school opened, reflecting the decline in the school-age population. There is now no junior secondary school in Point; Sgoil an Rubha feeds into the Nicolson Institute in Stornoway for secondary education.

Heritage Sites

At the eastern end of the isthmus (Am Bràighe in Gaelic) are the ruins of the Eye Church, which are all that remain of a building dedicated to St Columba. This was among the largest pre-Reformation Churches in the Western Isles. Although the present buildings are probably medieval, the Church is reputedly on the site of the cell of St Catan, a contemporary of St Columba. This is the burial ground of 19 of the Chiefs of the MacLeods of Lewis. There are two old carved commemorative slabs, one depicts a warrior, believed to be Roderick, 7th Chief; while the other is Margaret, daughter of Roderick MacLeod of Lewis, who died in 1503.

In recent years, the land reform struggle of the 19th century in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland is being recognised, and the Aignish Riots of 1888 are commemorated by a memorial adjacent to the Eye Church.

On the north-west side of the peninsula and 30m offshore is Stac Mor Garrabost. Investigated by archaeologists in 1990s as part of the Coastal Erosion Assessment project and then again in the 2000s for The Severe Terrain Archaeological Campaign (STAC) little is known about the site except that there are the remains of structures on the sea stack.

Notable people from Point

Iain Crichton Smith: Poet and author from Bayble
Ishbel MacAskill: Scottish Gaelic singer from Broker
Stuart Braithwaite: Lead singer of the band Mogwai, mother is from Flesherin.
Calum MacDonald: Retired MP for the Western Isles
Anne MacKenzie: Journalist from Point
Ronnie McKinnon: Rangers FC football player, Capped for Scotland 28 times, Lives in Flesherin. His connection with the island lies in Carloway, on the other side of the island, where his mother came from.
Donald Morrison: Footballer for Dumbarton, and formerly for Point F.C. and Inverness Caledonian Thistle.

References

External links
Photo of the Aignish memorial
Community website
Urras Eaglais na h-Aoidhe (The Ui Church Trust)

Peninsulas of Scotland
Isle of Lewis
Landforms of the Outer Hebrides

Point, Lewis


Afshar Beylik was a Turkoman beylik (principality) in Eastern Anatolia in the early 16th century. (Afşar and Avşar are alternative names) It was founded by the Afshar tribe which was an Oghuz Turkic tribe with Shia Muslim faith. The Afshar Beylik was the last of the Anatolian beyliks to be incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1534 during the Ottoman campaign.

Emergence

In 1473 Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire defeated Uzun Hasan of the Turkoman Akkoyunlu Empire which was controlling the Eastern Anatolia (as well as territories in Iraq, Iran and Azerbaijan) This defeat was a severe blow to Akkoyunlu prestige and they lost their control on the north territories of the empire (which is roughly the north part of the Eastern Anatolia.) During the chaos, Sevindik Bey of the Afshar tribe emerged as the new sovereign of the area in 1480s.

The beylik

At the peak of its power the beylik controlled the area between  Alagyaz (now in Armenia) in the east and Kop Dağı (a mountain to the west of Erzurum, Turkey) in the west. When the Akkoyunlu dynasty was replaced by the Safavids (who were themselves close relatives of the Akkoyunlu) Sevindik Bey formed a loose alliance with Ismail I of the Safavids. Ismail I wanted to unite all the Turkoman tribes under the Safavid banner and he held a speech in Erzincan in order to rally all the Turkomans into his military and this is what started the formation of the Kizilbash military confederation. Sevindik Bey formed an alliance with Ismail I although he did not join any of his military campaigns including his conquest of Tabriz. However, during the campaign of Ottoman sultan Selim I against the Safavids in 1514, he was careful not to provoke the Ottomans. In return, the Ottomans didn't annex any part of Afshar territory. Nevertheless, Sevindik, being a Shia Muslim, renewed his Safavid alliance after the death of Selim I and he supported the Safavids during their campaigns against the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

End of the beylik
The Ottomans decided to conquer and end the beylik. In 1534, during the 6th campaign of Suleiman the Magnificent against the Safavids, his close general and the Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pasha annexed the Afshar territory to the Ottoman realm. In Erzurum a beylerbeylik (province) was established and a member of Dulkadir house was appointed as the beylerbey.

References

Anatolian beyliks
States and territories established in the 1480s
States and territories established by the Afshar tribe

Afshar Beylik


Robyn Landis is an American author, public speaker and folk singer who was born in Brooklyn, NY, and has lived in Seattle, WA, and Tucson, AZ United States.  At age 25 she wrote a book called Bodyfueling which was published by Warner Books and became a surprise bestseller.  "Bodyfueling" is a term she coined and has used to promote her philosophy of increased health through knowing the important details about how the body works and the important interactions between nutrition and exercise. Bodyfueling is an approach to health and fitness that emphasizes a thorough understanding of how the human body uses food and reacts to exercise.   It places a heavy emphasis on breaking away from "diet thinking" and encourages people to concentrate instead on knowledgeably caring for the body, eating for performance, eating in accordance with your levels of physical activity and eating enough to fuel the body adequately. Simply stated, Bodyfueling advocates "eat more, exercise more" as a key to fitness rather than "eat less, exercise more", which Landis indicates is an unexamined platitude.

From 1989 to 1999 she studied traditional herbal medicine with Karta Purkh Singh Khalsa.  This led her to co-author a second book called Herbal Defense in 1997 with Khalsa, also published by Warner Books.

As a journalist Landis has written on a range of topics, principally: health and fitness, ecologically conscious shopping, green living, sustainability, natural remedies and eco-political activism.

Also a songwriter and musician, she began performing professionally in 2005. Her gifts and skills as a writer, applied to songcraft, earned her quick recognition. Since 2005 she has accrued over 55 songwriting awards and honors. She and co-writer Larry Murante won the Grand Prize, Folk category /Session 1, in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest (2009). Landis also won first place at Woody Guthrie Folk Festival (2006), second place in the Unisong International Songwriting Competition (2006), a Telluride Troubadors honorable mention (2008), and was a Falcon Ridge Folk Festival Emerging Artist (2009). In 2012 she won the Wildflower! Festival Songwriting Contest judged by Beth Nielsen Chapman. Her 2009 CD Many Moons was one of the most-played records on folk radio in 2009 (with no promotional support) and her 2014 CD Waterproof (due May/June 2014) is produced by John Jennings, the producer/guitarist who produced eight Mary-Chapin Carpenter records. Robyn tours nationally and teaches songwriting at festivals.

References
 Robyn Landis author bio
 Indie-Music.com biography

External links
BodyFueling.net, the official Robyn Landis author website
the official Robyn Landis music website

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American folk singers
American health and wellness writers
Herbalists

Robyn Landis


The Gramme Institute is a graduate school of engineering part of Haute École HELMo in Liège in Belgium.
It was founded in 1906 by Belgian Jesuit Adolphe Renard. It was named "Ecole des Arts et Métiers" after the same school in France. The first promotion came out in 1908 at a time when the studies lasted for 2 years only. The school's mission is the training of highly skilled engineers able to work in all branches of industry. The course period was raised quickly to 3 years and the academic grade of technical engineer was created in 1919. In 1977, the academic grade of industrial engineer was created and studies, now at university level, had a 4-year term. In his hundredth anniversary, recently, the institute has registered its formation in the framework of the Bologna decree granting titles of Bachelor of Science (BS) and Master of Science (MS) degrees at the end of a course period of 5 years.

Programmes:
"B.S. - Bachelor of Science in Technology & Industrial Science";
"M.S. - Master of Science in Industrial engineering" - Industry & technological management;
"M.S. - Master of Science in Industrial engineering" - Sustainable & energetical engineering;
Double degree HEC Liège - Gramme (from September 2016): M.S. (180 crédits ECTS) - Masters of Science in Industrial & Business engineering.

The school has its own research center, the CRIG, it is named after the inventor of the dynamo, Zenobe Gramme and is part of the ASJEL (Association of higher education institutions in Europe and Lebanon).

The alumni are grouped within the association Union Gramme.

See also
 List of Jesuit sites in Belgium
 Diocese of Liège

External links
  Association des établissements d'enseignement supérieur d'Europe et du Liban
 Centre de recherche CRIG
 Haute Ecole HELMo
 Institut Gramme
 Union Gramme

Jesuit universities and colleges
Liège Province
Universities and colleges established in 1906
1906 establishments in Belgium

Institut Gramme


Alan Morris (born 23 August 1953) was an English first-class cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman and a leg-break bowler. He played first-class cricket between 1974 and 1980.

Morris's first-class career began at Derbyshire in 1974, having spent three previous seasons in the Second XI. His first-class debut came in the disastrous 1974 County Championship season, playing out a draw with Essex, and, for the next three years, he was a regular for the Derbyshire team. At the end of the 1977 Championship, however, he saw fewer and fewer appearances in the Derbyshire team, despite their moderately impressive showing that year, and their final league position of seventh.

Morris played sporadically during the 1978 season, before spending a year out of the first-class game. Towards the end of his first-class career, he played two games with Griqualand West in the 1979/80 Castle Bowl tournament. Griqualand finished bottom of the table that year and Morris was to exit professional cricket.

Morris was an upper-middle-order batsman for both Derbyshire and Griqualand West.

External links
Alan Morris at Cricket Archive

1953 births
English cricketers
Living people
Derbyshire cricketers
Griqualand West cricketers
People from Staveley, Derbyshire
Cricketers from Derbyshire

Alan Morris (cricketer)


Jerome Weidman (April 4, 1913, New York City – October 6, 1998, New York City) was an American playwright and novelist. He collaborated with George Abbott on the book for the musical Fiorello! with music by Jerry Bock, and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick. All received the 1960 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the work.

Biography
Weidman was born in Manhattan, New York City, and moved with his family to The Bronx after finishing high school at DeWitt Clinton. His parents were Jewish immigrants and his father Joseph worked in the garment trade. He also worked in the garment industry, which later provided him with book material, and attended City College of New York and New York University Law School, all the while writing stories and finally novels.

In his work he wrote about the "rough underside of business and politics -- and daily life -- in New York." The Independent obituary states: "There was precious little hope of salvation - indeed, precious little hope - in his early novels and often dazzling and highly crafted short stories, many of which inevitably found their way into Harold Ross's New Yorker during its Golden Age of the late Thirties and early Forties."

In the 1950s he used his ability for "speakable dialogue" in writing for the movies, which led to working with George Abbott on the musical Fiorello! in 1959.

He wrote the book for the musical I Can Get It for You Wholesale which was based on his first novel, and was Barbra Streisand's Broadway debut. The book was the source for a 1951 movie starring Susan Hayward, but used mainly the title.

He married Peggy Wright in 1942 and had two sons, John and Jeffrey.

Archive
The papers of Jerome Weidman are held at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. There are over 100 boxes of Weidman's personal papers, including manuscript drafts of books, plays, musicals, essays, and extensive correspondences.

Bibliography

Novels
 I Can Get It for You Wholesale (1937)
 What's in It for Me? (1938)
 I'll Never Go There Any More (1941)
 The Lights Around the Shore
 Too Early to Tell (1946)
 The Price Is Right (1949)
 Give Me Your Love (1952)
 The Hand of the Hunter (1953)
 The Third Angel (1953)
 Your Daughter Iris (1955)
 The Enemy Camp (1958)
 Before You Go (1960)
 The Sound of Bow Bells (1962)
 Word Of Mouth (1964)
 Other People's Money (1967)
 The Centre of the Action (1969)
 Fourth Street East (1970)
 Last Respects (1971)
 Tiffany Street (1974)
 A Family Fortune (1978)
 Counselors-at-law (1980)

Short stories
 "The Horse That Could Whistle 'Dixie'"
 "The Captain's Tiger"
 "A Dime a Throw"
 "My Father Sits in the Dark"
 "Good Man, Bad Man"
 "Slipping Beauty"
 "Shoe-shine"
 "The Night I Met Einstein"
 "Monsoon"
 "The Tuxedos"

Theatre
 Fiorello! (1959)
 Tenderloin (1960)
 I Can Get It for You Wholesale (1962)
   Duke Ellington's Pousse-Cafe (1966)
 The Mother Lover (1969) one performance
   Asterisk! A comedy of terrors (1969)

Film and television
 House of Strangers (1949) based upon the novel "I'll Never Go There Any More" (1941) by Jerome Weidman
 The Damned Don't Cry (1950)
 Invitation (1952) based on Weidman's short story "R.S.V.P."
 The Eddie Cantor Story (1953)
 Broken Lance (1949) based upon the novel "I'll Never Go There Any More" (1941)
 "Wanted: Poor Boy" (1955) (TV episode of Star Tonight)
 Slander (1956)
 "The Hole Card" (1957) (TV episode of Schlitz Playhouse of Stars)
 "All I Survey" (1958) (TV episode of General Electric Theater)
 The Big Show (1961) based upon the novel "I'll Never Go There Any More" (1941)
The Reporter (1964) with Harry Guardino

Essays
 Letter of Credit
 Traveler's Cheque
 Back Talk

References

Further reading
Joel Shatzky, Michael Taub, "Jerome Weidman (1913- )", Contemporary Jewish-American novelists: a bio-critical sourcebook, Greenwood Press (July 30, 1997), pp 457–460
"Weidman, Jerome." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

External links
 Jerome Weidman Collection at the Harry Ransom Center

 Alistair Cooke delivered an oral obituary in his Letter from America dated 20 Oct 2003 and entitled Separated by language.

American Ashkenazi Jews
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
1913 births
1998 deaths
Jewish American novelists
Jewish American dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Manhattan
Novelists from New York City
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers
Tony Award winners
20th-century American Jews

Jerome Weidman


Elaine Feinstein FRSL (born Elaine Cooklin; 24 October 1930 – 23 September 2019) was an English poet, novelist, short-story writer, playwright, biographer and translator. She joined the Council of the Royal Society of Literature in 2007.

Early life
Born in Bootle, Lancashire, England, Feinstein grew up in Leicester. Her father had left school at 12 and had little time for books, but he was a great storyteller. He ran a small factory making wooden furniture through the 1930s. She wrote, "An inner certainty of being loved and valued went a long way to create my own sense of resilience in later years spent in a world that felt altogether alien. I never altogether lost my childhood sense of being fortunate."

Feinstein was sent to Wyggeston Grammar School for Girls by her mother, "a school as good as Leicester could provide". She wrote poems from the age of eight, which were published in the school magazine. At the end of the war Feinstein's sense of childhood security was shattered by the revelations of the Nazi extermination camps. She noted, "In that year I became Jewish for the first time." A recent critic commented: "Alive to her family origins in the Russian-Jewish diaspora, she developed a close affinity with the Russian poets of this and the last century."

Feinstein excelled at school work from then on. After Newnham College, Cambridge, she read for the bar, worked at Hockerill Training College, and then as a university lecturer at the University of Essex (1967–1970), appointed by Donald Davie.

Literary career
Feinstein married and had three sons with her husband, Arnold Feinstein. As she resumed writing she "came to life again", keeping journals, enjoying the process of reading and writing poetry, composing pieces to help her make sense of experience. She commented that she wanted "plain propositions, lines that came singing out of poems with a perfection of phrasing like lines of music." She was inspired by the poetry of Marina Tsvetaeva to translate some of her poetry. These poems were published by Oxford University Press and Penguin Books in 1971. She received three translation awards from the Arts Council.

After 1980, when she was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, she became a full-time writer. In 1990, she received a Cholmondeley Award for Poetry and an Honorary D.Litt. from the University of Leicester. She visited Russia occasionally to research her books and visit friends, who included Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Her writings included 14 novels, many radio plays, television dramas, and five biographies, including A Captive Lion: the Life of Marina Tsvetaeva (1987) and Pushkin (1998). Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet (2001) was shortlisted for the biennial Marsh Biography Prize. Her biography of Anna Akhmatova, Anna of all the Russias, appeared in 2005 and was translated into twelve European languages, including Russian.

Her first novel, The Circle (1970), written under Tsvetayeva's influence, is "a study of a marriage, mostly through the wife's mind." Several novels concern her Jewish roots: The Survivors (1982), spans the generations before and after the Holocaust, while The Border (1984) tells of an old woman in Sydney and her "painful, mysterious... escape from Vienna with her husband in 1939".

Feinstein's poetry was influenced by Black Mountain poets, and by Objectivists. In 1959, she wrote to Charles Olson to request permission to publish his work in her magazine Prospect, becoming the first of a group of poets associated with The English Intelligencer to make contact with him. Olson's reply, on "breath prosody" and the development of his poetics since the publication of his essay "Projective Verse", has since been widely anthologised. Feinstein later became a conduit between the Cambridge poets and the Black Mountain poets.

Feinstein travelled extensively, to read her work at festivals abroad, and as Writer in Residence for the British Council, first in Singapore, and then in Tromsø, Norway. She was a Rockefeller Foundation Fellow at Bellagio in 1998; her poems were widely anthologised. Her Collected Poems and Translations (2002) was a Poetry Book Society Special Commendation, and she was appointed to the Council of the Royal Society of Literature in 2007. She served as a judge for the Gregory Awards, the Independent Foreign Fiction Award, the Costa Poetry Prize and the Rossica Award for Literature translated from Russian, and in 1995 was chairman of the judges for the T. S. Eliot Prize. Feinstein participated in the 22nd Aldeburgh Poetry Festival in November 2010 and continued to give readings in various countries.

Recently asked in an interview with Alma Books what three books she would save if her house were on fire, she replied, "I'd take my iPad."

Death
Elaine Feinstein died of cancer in London on 23 September 2019, aged 88. She was survived by her three sons and six grandchildren.

Books

Poetry
In a Green Eye (London: Goliard Press, 1966)
The Magic Apple Tree (London: Hutchinson, 1971)
At the Edge (Northamptonshire: Sceptre Press, 1972)
The Celebrants and Other Poems (Hutchinson, 1973)
Some Unease and Angels: Selected Poems (University Center, MI: Green River Press, 1977; Hutchinson, 1981)
The Feast of Eurydice (London: Faber & Faber/Next Editions, 1980)
Badlands (Hutchinson, 1987)
City Music (Hutchinson, 1990)
Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 1994)
Daylight (Carcanet Press, 1997)
Gold (Carcanet Press, 2000)
Collected Poems and Translations (Carcanet Press, 2002)
Talking to the Dead (Carcanet Press, 2007)
Cities (Carcanet Press, 2010)
The Clinic, Memory: New and Selected Poems (Carcanet Press, 2017)

Novels
The Circle (London: Hutchinson, 1970)
The Amberstone Exit (Hutchinson, 1972). Translated into Hebrew (Keter 1984)
The Glass Alembic (Hutchinson, 1973; New York: Dutton, 1974 as The Crystal Garden)
Children of the Rose (Hutchinson, 1974). Translated into Hebrew, 1987
The Ecstasy of Dr Miriam Garner (Hutchinson, 1976)
The Shadow Master (Hutchinson, 1978; New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979)
The Survivors (Hutchinson, 1982)
The Border (Hutchinson, 1985)
Mother's Girl (Hutchinson, 1988)
All You Need (Hutchinson, 1991)
Loving Brecht (Hutchinson, 1992)
Dreamers (London: Macmillan, 1994)
Lady Chatterley's Confession (Macmillan, 1995)
Dark Inheritance (London, Women's Press, 2001)
The Russian Jerusalem (Carcanet Press, 2008)

Short story collections
Matters of Chance (London: Covent Garden Press, 1972)
The Silent Areas (Hutchinson, 1980)

Teleplays and radio plays
1975: Breath
1980: Echoes
1981: A Late Spring
1982: Lunch
1984: A Captive Lion
1985: Marina Tsvetayeva: A Life
1985: A Brave Face
1986: A Day Off
1987: If I Ever Get on My Feet Again
1990: The Man in Her Life
1993: Foreign Girls, a trilogy
1994: A Winter Meeting
1996: Lawrence's Women in Love (four-part adaptation)
1996: Adaptation of novel, Lady Chatterley's Confession Book at Bedtime

Biographies
Bessie Smith: Lives of Modern Women Series, Penguin/Viking
A Captive Lion: The Life of Marina Tsvetayeva, Hutchinson, 1987
Lawrence's Women, HarperCollins, London, 1993; Lawrence and The Women New York, 1993
Pushkin, Weidenfeld & Nicolson/Ecco, U.S, 1998
Ted Hughes: The Life of a Poet, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001
Anna of all the Russias: A Life of Anna Akhmatova, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005; Knopf, 2006
Portraits (Carcanet Press, 2015)

Memoirs

 It Goes With The Territory: Memoirs of a Poet, Alma Books, 2013

Translations

 Marina Tsvetayeva: Selected Poems (1971; 2nd ed., 1981; 3rd ed., 1986; 4th ed., 1993; 5th ed., 1999; 6th ed. 2009 as Bride of Ice: New Selected Poems)
 Three Russian Poets: Margarita Aliger, Yunna Morits, Bella Akhmadulina, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1976

As editor

 After Pushkin, Folio Society/Carcanet Press, 1999

In anthologies

 Contributor to A New Divan: A Lyrical Dialogue Between East and West, Gingko Library 2019.

Prizes and awards
1970: Arts Council Grant/Award for Translation
1971: Betty Miller Prize
1979: Arts Council Grant/Award for Translation
1981: Arts Council Grant/Award for Translation
1981: Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature
1990: Cholmondeley Award
1990: Shortlisted for 1990 Los Angeles Times Fiction Prize
1992: Society of Authors Travel Award
2004: Arts Council Award

References

Further reading
Jeni Couzyn, Contemporary Women Poets, Bloodaxe Books, 1985
Donald Davie, Under Briggflatts: History of Poetry in Britain 1960–80, Carcanet Press, 1989
Phyllis Lassner, Anglo-Jewish Women Writing the Holocaust: Displaced Witnesses, Palgrave Macmillan, 2010
Peter Lawson, Anglo-Jewish Poetry from Isaac Rosenberg to Elaine Feinstein, Vallentine Mitchell & Co.
Michael Schmidt, Lives of the Poets, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2007

External links
Profile at Poetry Archive

Podcast interview with Elaine Feinstein at the Aldeburgh Poetry Festival
"Elaine Feinstein – Talking to the Dead", 7 May 2007. BBC Woman's Hour (audio 9 min)] "Elaine Feinstein", Tuesday 2 July 2002]
"She Means It When She Rhymes: Marina Tsvetaeva: Selected Poems" . Review from Thumbscrew. No 17 – Winter 2000/1
Elaine Feinstein Papers, University of Manchester Library

1930 births
2019 deaths
20th-century British dramatists and playwrights
20th-century British translators
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English poets
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English poets
21st-century English women writers
Academics of the University of Essex
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
British women dramatists and playwrights
English Jewish writers
English translators
English women novelists
English women poets
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Jewish poets
People from Bootle
Russian–English translators

Elaine Feinstein