Manèges is a French film directed by Yves Allégret and released in 1950.  The film stars Simone Signoret (married at the time to Allégret, although the marriage came to an end soon after), Bernard Blier and Jane Marken. It is shot in black-and-white in film noir style, with extensive use of flashback and the voiceover of characters' unspoken thoughts.  Manèges is noted for the exceptionally harsh and cynical manner in which Allégret delineates the characters of his two female leads, and has been accused of being misogynistic in tone.

The film was released in English-speaking markets under various titles, including The Wanton, The Cheat and The Riding School.

Plot
Robert (Bernard Blier), a riding school owner, and his wife Dora (Simone Signoret) have a seemingly happy marriage until Dora is critically injured in a road accident, not shown on screen. Robert and Dora's mother (Jane Marken) rush to the hospital to which she has been taken.  Believing she is about to die, Dora spitefully asks her mother – a vulgar, tawdry and heavy-drinking woman – to put Robert in the picture regarding the true nature of the marriage, so that she can die gloating over his distress.

As Dora is taken to the operating theatre, her mother takes vicious pleasure in informing Robert – who has been reflecting with sadness about happy times and the prospect of losing his wife – that the marriage has been a sham from the start.  Via a series of flashbacks, it is revealed that Dora is a manipulative, conniving and amoral gold-digger.  Encouraged by her equally unprincipled mother, she set out to snare Robert purely for access to his finances in order that she (and her mother, to whom she has siphoned off significant amounts of money) could live a life of ease and outward respectability.  In fact she has always despised Robert, mocking his unsuspicious nature and gullibility while amusing herself with a string of lovers.  With the riding school business recently failing, Dora had decided that she had taken Robert for as much as she could, and had been planning to leave him for François, a richer lover who could further her social-climbing ambitions. But François goes away without warning, leaving Dora
devastated.

News comes through from the operating theatre that Dora will live, but is permanently paralysed.  Robert states his intention to abandon her to her fate, leaving the mother alone with the prospect of having to care for her disabled daughter in straitened financial circumstances.

Cast
  Simone Signoret as Dora
  Bernard Blier as Robert
  Jane Marken as Dora's mother (unnamed in the film)
  Franck Villard as François
  Jacques Baumer as Louis
  Mona Dol as Head Nurse
  Jean Ozenne as Éric
  Gabriel Gobin as Émile

References

External links

1950 films
1950 drama films
French drama films
Films directed by Yves Allégret
Film noir
1950s French-language films
French black-and-white films
Films set in France
1950s French films

Manèges


"They All Laughed" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin, written for the 1937 film Shall We Dance where it was introduced by Ginger Rogers as part of a song and dance routine with Fred Astaire.

Lyrics

The lyrics compare those who "laughed at me, wanting you" with those who laughed at some of history's famous scientific and industrial pioneers, asking, "Who's got the last laugh now?" People and advances mentioned are Christopher Columbus's proof the Earth is round; Thomas Edison's phonograph; Guglielmo Marconi's wireless telegraphy; the Wright brothers's first flight; the Rockefeller Center; Eli Whitney's cotton gin; Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat; Milton S. Hershey's Hershey bar chocolate; and Henry Ford's "Tin Lizzy" Model T car.

Recording and releases
Fred Astaire with Johnny Green and His Orchestra recorded the song on March 18, 1937. Brunswick Records released it as a single, which appeared on the U.S. record charts. Astaire recorded the song again in 1952 for his album The Astaire Story and again in 1975 for the album The Golden Age Of Fred Astaire.

A version by Frank Sinatra appears on his triple album Trilogy: Past Present Future (1980), in the "Past" section.

References

Songs with music by George Gershwin
Songs with lyrics by Ira Gershwin
Frank Sinatra songs
1937 songs
List songs

They All Laughed (song)


The Supreme Court of the United States Police is a federal law enforcement agency that derives its authority from . The Supreme Court Police enforces federal and District of Columbia laws and regulations, as well as enforces regulations governing the Supreme Court Building and grounds prescribed by the marshal and approved by the Chief Justice of the United States. The department's mission is to ensure the integrity of the constitutional mission of the Supreme Court of the United States by protecting the Supreme Court, the justices, employees, guests, and visitors.

History
Established in 1935, the Supreme Court security force was tasked to provide protection for the new Supreme Court building. The Court had previously resided in the United States Capitol, and the original force of 33 officers were selected from the ranks of the United States Capitol Police. , the Supreme Court Police has an authorized force of 189 officers.

Duties
The Supreme Court Police are responsible for providing a full range of police services, including:
 Protection of the Supreme Court Building and grounds, and persons and property therein;
 Dignitary Protection for the Supreme Court Justices, both domestically and Internationally;
 Maintain suitable order and decorum within the Supreme Court Building and grounds, to include policing demonstrations and large-scale events;
 Provide Courtroom security;
 Prepare numerous reports to include incident, found property, accident, and arrest reports, as well as testify in court.

Special Units are available to officers depending on time-in-service, completion of training, and experience.

Units

The Supreme Court Police offers both part-time and full-time specialized units. These units include:
 Dignitary Protection Unit
 Protective Intelligence Unit
 K-9 Unit
 Background Investigations Unit
 Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC) Team
 Recruitment Division
 Police Operations Center - Dispatch
 Physical Security Unit
 Liaison positions with partner agencies (FBI, JTTF, DHS, USCP)
 Civil Disturbance Unit
 Training Unit
 Radio Technicians
 Honor Guard
 Various instructor positions, including: Firearms, Driving, Defensive Tactics, CPR/First Aid, Fitness Coordinators.

Training

Supreme Court Police Officers attend the 13 week Uniformed Police Training Program (UPTP) at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Georgia. Designated members of specialized units attend the Criminal Investigator Training Program (CITP) at FLETC. Working for the Supreme Court of the United States Police offers a comprehensive benefits package that includes, in part, paid vacation, sick leave, holidays, life insurance, health insurance benefits, premium pay, and eligibility for retirement with 20 years of service at age 50, or 25 years' service at any age. Requirements and qualifications for the position are listed on the Supreme Court's website and on USAjobs. Applications are accepted via USAjobs.

Salary
In 2023, the starting salary for a newly hired member of the Supreme Court Police is $77,441 a year.

The Supreme Court Police also accept lateral hires from Local, State and Federal agencies. The starting salary for a lateral hire is $77,441–$132,391.

See also
List of United States federal law enforcement agencies

References

Government agencies established in 1949
Police
Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
Law enforcement agencies of the District of Columbia
Agency-specific police departments of the United States
Court security

Supreme Court Police


Elmer Ferguson (February 25, 1885 – April 26, 1972) was a Canadian sports journalist. Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Ferguson moved to Montreal in 1910 and became the sports editor of the Montreal Herald in 1913. Ferguson was one of the most respected and prominent columnists of his time. He became a Hockey Hall of Fame media honouree in 1982 and was the namesake of the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award.

Career
At the age of six, Ferguson started selling newspapers on the streets of Moncton, New Brunswick and became a copy boy with the Moncton Transcript when he was 17. He soon became a sportswriter with the paper and became the news editor in 1910. With Ferguson as editor, the Moncton Transcript became the first Maritime newspaper to print a full sports page every day.

Soon after, Ferguson left for Montreal where he got a job as an editor at the Montreal Herald. He became sports editor of the paper in 1913 and soon became a well-known sports journalist with his column "The Gist and the Jest of It". He was sports editor for the paper for 39 years and continued to write columns until the Herald folded in 1957. He continued to write columns for The Montreal Star until a few months before his death in 1972.

In addition to his work in the print media, he was also a colour commentator on radio broadcasts for the Montreal Maroons (1933–1938) and the Montreal Canadiens (1938–1952), where he was partnered with Hall of Fame broadcaster Doug Smith.

Ferguson was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame as a builder in 1968. In 1984, Ferguson was recognized as one of the first Hockey Hall of Fame media honourees. The award that is given out was named the Elmer Ferguson Memorial Award in his honour.

References

1885 births
1972 deaths
Canadian male journalists
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian sportswriters
Elmer Ferguson Award winners
Journalists from Prince Edward Island
National Hockey League broadcasters
Writers from Charlottetown

Elmer Ferguson


Derwent is an unincorporated community in central Valley Township, Guernsey County, Ohio, United States.  It is located near the southern border of Guernsey and Noble counties.

Derwent lies in southeastern Ohio, a part of the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau region. It is located about seven miles from Senecaville Lake. State Route 313 (Clay Pike Road) runs on the southern edge of Derwent, and its interchange with Interstate 77 is a little over  away. Major cities nearby include Zanesville () and Marietta (). The intersection of two cross-country highways (Interstate 77 and 70) is  away.

The Penn Central rail line ran through the eastern portion of Derwent (heading south to Marietta) and which crossed the Baltimore and Ohio rail line ran immediately to the south, heading toward Cumberland, Ohio and which eventually terminated at the Muskingum Electric Railroad. The former Penn Central line is in the process of being rebuilt by the Byesville Scenic Railway.

History
Derwent was platted in 1898.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Guernsey County, Ohio

Derwent, Ohio


Roman Yurievich Zakharyin () (also known as Zakharyin-Yuriev () and Zakharyin-Koshkin (); c. 1500 – 16 February 1543) was a Russian okolnichy and voivode who is best known as progenitor of the Romanov dynasty, which was named after him. He was the father of boyar Nikita Romanovich and Tsaritsa Anastasia Romanovna, and grandfather of Patriarch Filaret and Feodor I of Russia. His father was Yuri Zakharyevich Koshkin, the son of Zakhary Ivanovich Koshkin, a descendant of Andrei Kobyla.

There is very little available information about him; it is known that he was a voivode in the 1530s, his wife was named Uliana and he died on 16 February 1543. It was later found that he was between 178 and 183 cm (approximately six feet) tall and suffered from Paget's disease, which, according to historian Alexander Shirokorad, may have caused him to leave service as voivode in 1535.

Sources
Alexander Shirokorad: Путь к трону (AST, 2004). , .
ThePeerage.com: Roman Yurievich Zahar'in

House of Romanov
1500s births
1543 deaths
Date of birth unknown

Year of birth uncertain
16th-century Russian people

Roman Yurievich Zakharyin


Henry Antonio Mateo Valera (born October 14, 1976) is a professional baseball infielder. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball from 2001 to 2006, and part of the 2010 season in Chinese Professional Baseball League.

Professional career

Expos/Nationals
Mateo was drafted by the Montreal Expos at age 18 in the second round of the 1995 amateur draft. He spent the next 6 years in the Expos' minor league system before making his major league debut in 2001. He remained with the team when they moved to Washington, D.C. and became the Nationals in 2005. After batting .154 in 2006, he was granted free agency after the season.

Tigers, Rays, and independent ball
In 2007, he signed with the Detroit Tigers, spending all of that season with their top farm team, the Toledo Mud Hens. He was released by the Detroit Tigers on April 21, . Later in 2008 signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He batted .318 for the Bluefish and led his team in hits with 170. On May 24, 2009, Mateo was signed to a minor league contract by the Tampa Bay Rays and immediately optioned to the minor league Durham Bulls, where he ended the season.
Mateo is currently being sought for the civil charge of criminal conversation in North Carolina.

Mexico and Taiwan
Mateo became a free agent again after the 2009 season. He then went to the Mexican League, signing with the Vaqueros Laguna. He was later traded to the Diablos Rojos del México, but was subsequently released. In July, Mateo was signed by Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions in Chinese Professional Baseball League in Taiwan. He finished the year there, and returned to Mexico with the Olmecas de Tabasco in 2011.

External links

1976 births
Algodoneros de Guasave players
Bridgeport Bluefish players
Cañeros de Los Mochis players
Cape Fear Crocs players
Central American and Caribbean Games bronze medalists for the Dominican Republic
Competitors at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games
Diablos Rojos del México players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Taiwan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Durham Bulls players
Edmonton Trappers players
Estrellas Orientales players
Gulf Coast Expos players
Harrisburg Senators players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Leones del Escogido players

Living people
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball second basemen
Mexican League baseball outfielders
Mexican League baseball second basemen
Mexican League baseball shortstops
Mexican League baseball third basemen
Montreal Expos players
Naranjeros de Hermosillo players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Olmecas de Tabasco players
Ottawa Lynx players
Potomac Nationals players
Saraperos de Saltillo players
Senadores de San Juan players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Puerto Rico
Tigres del Licey players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Uni-President 7-Eleven Lions players
Vaqueros Laguna players
Vermont Expos players
Venados de Mazatlán players
Washington Nationals players
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in baseball

Henry Mateo


"Rap Song" is a song by R&B singer T-Pain. The song features rapper Rick Ross and originally served as a single off T-Pain's fourth studio album RevolveЯ, but never made it on the track list.

Background
His previous singles "Take Your Shirt Off" and "Reverse Cowgirl" did not chart as well as planned, so he released the songs as promotional singles. The song was released on iTunes on October 19, 2010, and has already had urban and mainstream radio impact. The track was performed without the rap verse, during The Black Eyed Peas E.N.D. tour in Canada. The song has similar elements to the single "Buy U a Drank". Throughout the song, there are references to other "rap songs" such as OutKast's "Elevators (Me & You)", 50 Cent's "In Da Club", N.W.A's "Straight Outta Compton", Lil Wayne's "A Milli" and Soulja Boy's club hit "Donk".  It also makes references to many other rappers such as Young Jeezy, Gucci Mane, Yo Gotti, Akon and Kanye West. The concept of the song is that instead of "making love" to a slow R&B song, some people prefer to "make love" to a "rap song".

Music video

The music video was released on November 19. The video was directed by T-Pain & Todd Angkasuwan. In the music video the camera zooms past patrons frozen in time outside the club, heading inside the establishment where clubgoers are shown throwing cash at strippers, spilling drinks, and partying. During the music video, the part where he sings "and I'mma do you like Kanye, I'mma let you finish" a "frozen" clip is shown of T-Pain pushing a girl to the side and talking over her, referring to the VMA incident with Kanye West and Taylor Swift. The video features many cameos, including appearances by Lil Twist, Mack Maine, DJ Khaled, Flo Rida, Yo Gotti, and Bow Wow.

Remixes
A So So Def remix was made featuring Jermaine Dupri. Another remix titled "Reggae Song" was made by Rock City.

Charts
On the week ending September 26, 2010, "Rap Song" debuted at #87 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. On the week ending October 29, 2010, it debuted at #89 on the Billboard Hot 100, and dropped off the chart the next week.

References

2010 singles
T-Pain songs
Rick Ross songs
Songs written by T-Pain
Songs written by Rick Ross
2010 songs
Jive Records singles
Songs written by Young Fyre

Rap Song


Payyan dynasty  is the family which manage and administer Swamithope pathi, the temple of Ayyavazhi.

Payyan in Arul Nool
A quote in Arul Nool refers 'Payyan' in Pathiram.

References
 Akilattirattu Ammanai published by T.Palaramachandran Nadar, 1989, 9th impression
 N.Elango & Vijaya Shanthi Elango Ayya Vaikuntar the light of the world, 1997, The Gurukulam

History of Ayyavazhi
Swamithope pathi

Payyan dynasty


Tarus Mateen, also known as Taurus Mateen and Tarus Dorsey Kinch (born October 21, 1967, Bakersfield, California) is an American double-bass and electric bassist, who works in jazz, pop, and R&B idioms.

Biography
Mateen was a child prodigy on bass and went on a tour of the Caribbean when he was twelve years old. He received his bachelor's degree from Morehouse College, where he also played on the side, then relocated to New York City in 1988. He worked with Betty Carter, Marlon Jordan, Roy Hargrove, Eddie Harris, Kenny Burrell, Milt Jackson, Mark Whitfield, Tim Warfield, Rodney Kendrick, and Terence Blanchard in the early 1990s. Later in the decade he worked with Kenny Barron, Bobbi Humphrey, Marc Cary, Stefon Harris, and Greg Osby. In the 2000s he worked with Bernard Purdie, Nasheet Waits, Stanley Cowell, Mark Shim, Jacky Terrasson, Michael Marcus, Logan Richardson, and Jason Moran among others.

Mateen has also worked as a session musician and touring bassist for pop, soul, and R&B artists, including Christina Aguilera, OutKast, Toni Braxton, Goodie Mob, Q-Tip, Lauryn Hill, Ghostface Killah, Ice Cube, and The Roots.

Discography

With Terence Blanchard
The Malcolm X Jazz Suite (Columbia, 1993)
With Betty Carter
Droppin' Things (Verve, 1990)
With Jason Moran
Facing Left (Blue Note, 2000)
Black Stars (Blue Note, 2001)
The Bandwagon (Blue Note, 2003)
Same Mother (Blue Note, 2005)
Artist in Residence (Blue Note, 2006)
Ten (Blue Note, 2010)
All Rise: A Joyful Elegy for Fats Waller (Blue Note, 2014)
With Jacky Terrasson
Kindred (Blue Note, 2001)

References

American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
American jazz bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
Musicians from Bakersfield, California
1967 births
Living people
Jazz musicians from California
Guitarists from California
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

Tarus Mateen


In the United Kingdom and other countries, a grocer, grocery store or a greengrocer is a type of shop that has historically sold food, mostly vegetables and fruits with sometimes addition of other food items.  A greengrocer sold mostly fresh fruit and vegetables. Grocers sold more varied food. Grocers shops are usually small. They are often owned by one or two people - a sole trader or partnership with perhaps a delivery boy or girl on a trade bicycle. They are sometimes turned into corporations but that is rare for single-site businesses. When talking about a greengrocer a person may mean the people that work in such a shop or the shop itself. In the UK and the Commonwealth, during the Victorian period and up to the middle 21st century, before supermarkets grouped together different shops like bakers, butchers and grocers into a single building, grocers were where most people got their fruits and vegetables. Whilst supermarkets have taken over the role of the type of shop where people buy fruits and vegetables individual greengrocers do still exist, especially in developing countries where supermarkets are not yet used as often or in rural towns out in the countryside. Today greengrocers typically cost more to shop at than the cheaper supermarkets because supermarkets can buy much more food at a time than a grocer can and pay cheaper prices: known as an economies of scale.

History of Retail Shops
Food shops have been around since antiquity. Originally each type of merchandise had a specialised shop where one would go to buy their goods and wares. Before shops, would people typically obtained goods by the barter method or by purchasing locally grown foods and locally made goods from local sellers. Beginning with Middle Eastern towns in the 7th millennium BCE, retail marketplaces emerged when civilizations created money to allow buying and selling more easily. These open-air markets were the first type of retail outlet that could be called shops. By the 17th century, permanent shops with more regular trading hours were beginning to overtake markets and fairs as the main retail outlet. Shopkeepers were active in almost every market town. These shopkeepers sold general merchandise, much like a contemporary convenience store or a general store. As the number of shops grew, they changed. The shopfronts and layouts became more like what people see today. Before the eighteenth century, the typical retail store had no counter, display cases, chairs, mirrors, changing rooms, etc. However, the opportunity for the customer to browse merchandise, touch, and feel products began to be available, with retail innovations from the late 17th and early 18th centuries. By the Victorian period greengrocers were an everyday part of most English towns. This situation continued pretty much the same until the late Victorian period when shops that offered a wider range of products began to be seen. However, in villages, the population could not support larger shops and the reliance on small trade outlets such as greengrocers, bakers, butchers, and general ware shops was the norm. About the turn of the century corner shops (so-called convenience shops) sprang up as mini supermarkets offering all forms of retail items. In the mid-twentieth century, towns were growing larger as people moved from rural areas to urban areas in search of jobs due to the industrial revolution. This made it possible for supermarkets to thrive. Specialized shops such as the baker, butcher, and grocer began to close. In the first decade of the 2000s there was a decline of close to 3000 registered greengrocers on Britain's streets. In April 1997 there were 6,916 registered greengrocers but this had declined to 3,948 by April of 2008.

London Company of Grocers
The Worshipful Company of Grocers has been a trade organization and one of the original "Great" Livery Companies of the City of London holding precedence second in the list of the original companies. Beginning as the Pepperers in 1180 the company was in charge of seeing that spices and pepper were not adultered (were pure) acting as a health and safety organization protecting the public long before laws would be made to do the same.  By 1426 the Grocers had moved their headquarters to Grocers Hall in the City of London. The Company had a great influence on the King and on government especially regarding trade and taxation.

Trend reversal
With more mechanised transport people began to move back from the cities into the countryside where smaller shops once again found favour. It became trendy to shop at individual shops like the grocers, bakers, and butchers as people had more disposable income and could afford the higher prices. There was also the feeling that people were getting higher quality food from smaller shops and were doing their bit to support local retailers. In some places, greengrocers are making a comeback as people prefer to have the perceived freshness and better person-to-person customer service of a smaller shop.

References

Shops
Business occupations

Grocer


Pinguicula longifolia, commonly known as the long-leaved butterwort, is a perennial carnivorous subalpine plant of the Central Pyrenees, found on both sides of the border.  It catches its prey by using its modified leaves that lie on the ground and have "densely covered stalked glands that bear a droplet of sticky mucilage on its top." The need to capture arthropods is driven by the lack of nutrients present in the soil. P. l. subsp. longifolia obtain their nutrition primarily from flying insects, mainly diptera, which replenished the carnivorous plant with nitrogen. P. l. subsp. longifolia grows in wet shady areas and on vertical or overhanging limestone walls.  It has been found at altitudes between 700 – 1900 meters.  In the spring, the winter buds open and the first carnivorous leaves present themselves.  These leaves are then followed by the flowers in early summer. Throughout summer the leaves can grow up to 14 cm in length and have glands present on both sides of the leaves, which is highly characteristic of P. l. subsp. longifolia.  More carnivorous leaves arise throughout summer, and when the conditions become unfavourable, around autumn, a protective winter casing composed of scale like leaves is produced, in the centre of the rosette, called the hibernacula, also known as the plant bud.  The leaves halt production and the old leaves wither and decay; P. l. subsp. longifolia is now ready for the winter dormancy.  There must be optimal growth during the summer for P. l. subsp. longifolia, otherwise they produce weakened hibernacula which rot very easily.

The endemicity of this subspecies in the Pyrenees is a problem as habitat destruction could lead to reduced space to propagate on. P. l. subsp. longifolia are also threatened by carnivorous plant enthusiasts who collect rare specimens.  The genus Pinguicula has been known to have many human uses, as they produce a strong bactericide, which prevents captured insects from rotting while digestion occurs.  This beneficial property has been known by Europeans for centuries, as application of the bactericide to wounds of cattle encourages healing. Furthermore, the leaves have been used to curdle goat's milk into Filmjölk, a Swedish fermented milk product.

References

Izard, M. (ed) 1985, Vegetation des Pyrenees.
Joint Nature Conservation Committee, The Convention on the Conservation  of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Available: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-136417 Oct 2007].

Schnittler, M., Koppel, C., Rennwald, E. & Hirneisen, N. (2001) European National Red Lists of threatened Vascular Plants, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Strasbourg.

Carnivorous plants of Europe
longifolia
Flora of France
Flora of Spain
Plants described in 1805

Pinguicula longifolia


Outback Radio 2WEB is a community radio station broadcasting from Bourke, situated in far western New South Wales.  Its broadcast area serves the communities of Bourke, Cobar, Nyngan, Coonamble, Walgett, Lightning Ridge, Wilcannia and many other towns and villages in western New South Wales, south west Queensland and north east South Australia.

History
2WEB started as a school project inside a small room at Bourke High School after suggestion by science teacher Colin Elliot. Funding was provided from the Disadvantaged Country Area Program in 1977, with equipment installed and the first broadcasts reaching an audience within a 200-kilometre radius of the school grounds the following year.

On November 13, 1978, the very first 2WEB broadcast went to air. After several years of operation and fundraising, 2WEB moved to purposely built premises in Oxley Street which they still occupy today.

In 2003, five FM translator services were installed to complement the AM signal in the towns of Coonamble (91.1 FM), Lightning Ridge (90.5 FM), Nyngan (100.7 FM), Walgett (104.9 FM) and Wilcannia (99.9 FM).

In January 2018, 2WEB acquired and resumed publishing Bourke newspaper The Western Herald after its owners decided to cease publication in December 2017.

A new AM transmitter was purchased and installed after local MP Kevin Humphries announced funding of $85,000 in March 2018; later that year, funds were secured to rebuild the three existing studios with the latest digital broadcast and production facilities.

Programming
Programming originates from its Bourke studios and has been refined over the years with regular shifts incorporating locally produced regional news and National News from Nine Radio. Most of the music programming consists of classic hits and country music.

In April 2014, 2WEB launched a local morning program, Outback Mornings, to replace the satellite program from 2UE which was broadcast since 1996, when John Laws held the shift.

References

External links
2WEB - Outback Radio Official website
 CBAA website

Community radio stations in Australia
Radio stations in New South Wales
Bourke, New South Wales
Radio stations established in 1978
1978 establishments in Australia

Outback Radio 2WEB


Al Hilal Saudi Football Club (), simply known as Al Hilal is a professional multi-sports club based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Their football team competes in the Saudi Professional League. The club's name means Crescent moon. They are the most decorated club in Asia winning 66 official trophies. They also hold the record for the most continental trophies in Asia, as well as a record 18 Professional League titles.

Founded on 16 October 1957, Al Hilal are one of three teams to have participated in all seasons of the Saudi Professional League since its establishment in 1976.

Overall, Al Hilal have won 66 official titles. In domestic competitions, they have won a record 18 Professional League titles, a record 13 Crown Prince Cup titles, a record seven Saudi Federation Cup titles, ten King Cup titles, a record three Super Cup titles, as well as the Saudi Founder's Cup.

Continentally, Al Hilal have won a record eight Asian Football Confederation trophies — the AFC Champions League in 1991, 2000, 2019 and 2021, the Asian Cup Winners Cup in 1997 and 2002, and the Asian Super Cup in 1997, 2000. In September 2009, Al Hilal was awarded Best Asian Club of the 20th Century by the IFFHS.

History
The idea of establishing the club began when the ranks of the Youth Club witnessed in 1957 a serious division among its leaders, which prompted Mr. Abdul Rahman bin Saeed to resign from the presidency of the Youth Club in that year, and many left with him, including a number of prominent players.

The opportunity was ripe for the establishment of a new club at the first-class level to serve Saudi sports, and this was already done when a new club was established on 15 October 1957 in Riyadh. The club's name lasted for only one year before it was changed to its current name on 3 December 1958 by King Saud. He changed the name after he attended a tournament that was contested between the Olympic Club, Al Nassr, Al Riyadh and Al-Kawkab clubs. As soon as the club's establishment, Al-Hilal enjoyed not only grassroots support but also royal attention.

After spending their formative years building a squad, the club made their first mark by lifting the King's Cup trophy in 1961. Al-Hilal won the King's Cup again in 1964, with a penalty shootout victory over two-time Asian champions Al Ittihad. The club also won the crown prince cup in 1963-64

The club were the inaugural winners when the Saudi Premier League came into existence in the 1976–77 season. Al Hilal also won the league title in 1978–79.

With the success, a number of players and coaches from outside Saudi Arabia joined the club in the 1970s, including Brazilian legends Mario Zagallo and Rivellino.

Sustained success (1980–1990)

After the establishment of the Saudi Premier League in the late 70's and with Al Hilal winning the competition twice including the inaugural edition. Ampaiai in the eighties brought about a new dawn of success to the riyadh giants, with group of talented homegrown players such as the charismatic figurehead defender Saleh Al-Nu'eimeh who captained both Al Hilal and the Saudi National Football Team, together with the promotion of the extremely gifted player maker Yousuf Al-Thunayan and the young and prolific forward Sami Al-Jaber. The club went on to win four league titles as well as four kings cup titles in ten years, two of those being season double's. Al Hilal were the runners-up in the Asian club Championship twice. They were second after the round-robin in the final round in 1986. They reached the final the following year in 1987, but Yomiuri FC were crowned the champion automatically as Al Hilal were unable to field a team for the final due to nine of the starting players being chosen for the Saudi team's preparation camp that clashed with the date fixed for the first leg.

Continental dominance (1991–2002)
The 90's marked a shift in the dominant teams challenging for the title, such as the emergence of a Al Shabab as a new contender and force in the league. As well as the resurgence of bitter rivals Al Nassr and Al Ittihad made the league become contested and shared between the four, Al Hilal achieved three titles during this period (1995–96, 1997–98, 2001–02). The club continued to churn out talent from its academy with players such as Nawaf Al-Temyat, Mohammed Al-Shalhoub, Abdallah Al-Jamaan, Ahmad Al-Dokhi as well as Zambian defender Elijah Litana. Al Hilal's continental spoil's during this period defined the clubs identity, decadence and standing in the Asian continent for years to come. The first of which came in 1991 when the club won their first Asian title, the Asian Club Championship, beating Iranian club Esteghlal F.C. in penalties in the final. In 1997 the Asian Cup Winners Cup and Asian super cup were also obtained. The club won the Asian Club Championship again in 1999–2000, when they scored an equaliser in the 89th minute and won the match against Júbilo Iwata in the extra-time, with the final being one of the most exciting and competitive in the competition's history; A super cup was also achieved in the same year. Finally the last of the Asian titles to be secured in this era was the 2002 Cup Winners Cup.

League duopoly (2003–2011)
At the turn of the century the historic rivalry between Al Hilal and Al Ittihad had reached levels never seen before in Saudi football. Historically, since their first meeting, Al Hilal/Al Ittihad matches have always been aggressive and passion filled spectacles that drew huge crowds due to both teams being from the two major Saudi cities of Riyadh and Jeddah. Each team represented different cities, backgrounds and values. Al Hilal is based in Riyadh the capital of Saudi Arabia, in addition to having traditional Najdi values the club is most commonly supported by the upper and middle class and also enjoyed royal attention. While on the other hand, Al-Ittihad is based in the port city of Jeddah and is commonly supported by the lower and middle class as well as non-Saudi natives giving it the nickname "the people's club". Both teams dominated this era of Saudi football history. Al Hilal won the title/s in (2004–05, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2010–11). Al Ittihad's golden generation in this period of time equaled Al Hilal's two AFC Champions League titles, as well as winning the league title/s in (2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2008–09). This resulted in both teams exchanging winner and runner-up positions almost every season in the league for ten years with the exception of two seasons.

The pinnacle moment of the era was in the 2007–08 season when Al Ittihad was leading the table the whole season with Al Hilal always right behind in second, the final match day pitted both teams against each other in the Prince Abdullah Al-Faisal Stadium in Jeddah with Al-Ittihad needing a draw at the minimum to clinch the league title at home. Al Ittihad were the clear favourites due to their much superior quality and home advantage. The match began with Al Ittihad leading in possession and attacking opportunities but to no avail. In the 49th minute Ahmed Al-Fraidi crossed the ball from the edge of the box, to which Yasser Al-Qahtani skimmed with a header to the right bottom corner of the goal giving Al Hilal a 1–0 lead four minutes after half time. Al-Ittihad frantically tried to equalise with an abundance of shots but Mohamed Al-Deayea goalkeeping heroics the whole match denied them the goal they so desperately needed, and even more so after Al Qahtani's goal. The referee finally blew the whistle and Al Hilal were crowned the league champions in Jeddah, and under whose management of Cosmin Olăroiu was coupled with the Crown Prince Cup finishing the season with a double. The league is commonly known and remembered with the nickname (Arabic: شعره ياسر) which roughly translates to "Yasser's hair" due to the winning goal being scored when the ball skimmed by Yasser's header veering the ball towards the goal. What made the occasion even more special is that the opposite outcome happened the previous season when Al Ittihad clinched the league title in the last minutes.

Before the beginning of the 2009–10 season Eric Gerets was hired as the new Al Hilal manager. Under his management Al Hilal tactically adopted a very attacking style, combining an already talented local group of players with star foreign players such as the versatile South Korean right back Lee Young-pyo, the powerful and dominant defensive midfielder Mirel Rădoi, the speedy Swedish winger Christian Wilhelmsson and the technically gifted Brazilian attacking midfielder Thiago Neves. This blend of local and foreign talent guided by a tactically astute manager dominated the league and were crowned champions with three games to spare, a crown prince cup was also won in the same season. In the following 2010–11 season Al Hilal continued to dominate domestically and continentally until their semi-final exit from the 2010 ACL, shortly following their exit Eric Gerets left to become the new head coach of the Morocco national football team. After Gerets's departure Gabriel Calderon took over as head coach of Al Hilal and finished the updated 14 team league as undefeated champion with 19 wins and 7 draws, becoming the second team to achieve this feat after Al Ettifaq. The season also finished with a double as the Crown Prince Cup was defended.

Struggle at the continental stage (2012–2019)
After their back-to-back league titles and generally consistent success in the domestic front, Al Hilal always seemed to come up short in their continental pursuit since their last triumph in the 1999-2000 campaign. Adding to an already aging local core and departing key players, Al Hilal was in a transition period to rebuild the team that was able to challenge domestically and in the Champions league. Al Hilal reached the final of AFC Champions League in 2014, 14 years after their last appearance in the final. This time they faced Western Sydney Wanderers. The Australian club won 1–0 on aggregate with some very questionable refereeing decisions by Yuichi Nishimura (what the fans claim). During this period of time Al Hilal was not able to win the league title for five seasons beginning from the 2011–12 to the 2015–16 season, finishing runner up in three of those seasons, and was only able to achieve five cup titles: Crown Prince cup (2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16), King cup (2015) and a Super cup (2015) Against arch rivals Al-Nasser held at Loftus Road Stadium, in London.

At the start of the 2016–17 season a string of bad results caused Gustavo Matosas to be sacked and replaced by Ramón Díaz. Diaz's reorganised the tactical shape and style of play in which the team was engaging with as well as the conditioning his players to quickly grasp his philosophy. Taking advantage of the fact that throughout the generations Al Hilal's success largely came from academy players as well as key signings, which the squad already possessed but the group was not in sync or able to reach their true potential. Players such as goalkeeper Abdullah Al-Mayouf was brought back From Al-Ahli because of his distribution abilities, right and left backs Yasser Al-Shahrani and Mohammed Al-Breik were good in chance creation and also in attacking output. Salem Al-Dawsari was talented but unpolished player when he was promoted to the first team in 2011, but has matured to become a key player. These player became the spine of the team and an integral part of Al Hilal squad for years to come. The managerial replacement radically changed the team's performance by playing possession-based attacking football which the aforementioned players turned out to be very adept to. Al Hilal finished the season as champions of the league and King cup with the former being achieved with record points in a season.

The following season continued in the same rhythm with Al Hilal leading in the domestic league and reaching the 2017 AFC Champions league final. But they ultimately lost to the Japanese side Urawa Red Diamonds 1–2 in aggregate after Carlos Eduardo suffered an ACL tear in the first minutes of the first leg, and Omar Kharbin suffered an injury in the second leg. The team slumped mentally after the defeat and began a series of subpar performances which lead to their exit from the next edition's group stage which was their first time leaving the group stage since 2010. Ramón Díaz was sacked on 21 February 2018 and he was replaced Juan Brown as caretaker until the end of the season, he managed to salvage the season by winning Al Hilal their 15th domestic league title.

Return to continental dominance (2019–present)
The 2018–19 season saw drastic changes to the league with an increase in the number of clubs from 14 to 16, as well as the increase of foreign players to 8. This season saw the arrival of Bafetimbi Gomis, Andre Carrillo and Sebastian Giovinco managed by Jorge Jesus. The season started very well winning first nine matches of the league, when a new president was appointed Jesus was sacked on 30 January with no specified reason even though he had won 20 matches, was leading the league by 9 points and had won the 2018 super cup. Things started to go downhill from there, by the end of the season Al Hilal ended up as runner-up in the league by one point to Al-Nasser and runner-up in the 2018–19 Arab Club Champions Cup, lost out to Al-Taawon in the semi-final of the king cup. Mohammed bin Faisal resigned as president on the 1st of may before the season ended.

Fahad bin Nafil was elected president for a four-year term. Răzvan Lucescu was appointed as the new manager, several players that were deemed unneeded were released. South Korean defender Jang Hyun-soo was signed alongside Colombian international Gustavo Cuéllar. The season started well and Al Hilal was leading the table almost the whole season with Al Nassr being the only other club in the title race with Al Hilal, nearing final rounds of the season Al Hilal thrashed Al-Nasser 4–1 to end their title hopes as we'll finishing the season as champions and setting a new points record of 72. During the 2019 Champions League campaign Al Hilal produced a dominating and exciting performance in the competition to reach the final midway through the season. The first Champions league match of the season was against Al Ahli in the round of 16 Al Hilal won 4–1 away With Gomis scoring a hattrick, and lost 0–1 at home, Al Hilal qualified to the next stage with an aggregate score of 4–2. The quarter final matched Al Hilal against local rivals Al-Ittihad, the first match ended in a 0-0 stalemate away while the second match Al Hilal won 3–1 at home with memorable performances from Salem, Carrillo and Giovinco, Al Hilal qualified to the semi-final with an aggregate score of 3–1. In the semi-final Al Hilal was against their toughest opponent in the competition Al Sadd, in the away match Al Hilal won 4–1 in Doha while the opposing team player Abdulkarim Hassan was sent off. In the return leg at home in Riyadh Al-Sadd was able to turn around the score by scoring four goals to two, and in the last minute of the game they were awarded a free kick at the edge of the box and needed to score one more goal to go through to the final, but Abdullah Al-Mayouf saved the ball and the original time finished with Al Hilal winning 6–5 on aggregate, Al Hilal qualified to their third final in 5 years. After trying and failing to win on two previous finals in 2014 and 2017. They played against the Japanese club Urawa Red Diamonds, to whom they lost to in the final two years before. They successfully took a revenge and won 3–0 on aggregate 1–0 at home and 2–0 away, ending a nineteen-year wait for the Asian crown, Bafetimbi Gomis was also the tournaments top scorer and MVP. With both the 2019–20 Saudi Professional League as well as the 2019 AFC Champions league titles secured Al Hilal had one more title to win to wrap up the treble. Al Hilal reached the 2019-20 King cup final to face Al Nassr who had not won the cup title since 1990, Al Hilal won by 2–1 to complete the historic Treble.

In the 2021 AFC Champions league Al Hilal had barely managed to qualify to the knockout stages of the competition. In the round of 16 They faced Iranian team Esteghlal F.C. in Dubai and won the match 2–0, in the quarter finals they faced another Iranian team Persepolis F.C. whom they defeated 3–0 to qualify to the next stage. In the semi-final stage Al Hilal came up against their perennial rivals Al Nassr which was dubbed as the match of the century due to the long-standing animosity these historic rivals had for each other. This was the first time both teams would face each other in this competition, Further more Al Nassr had never won the AFC Champions league before and Al Hilal needed one more title to be the AFC Champions league outright record title holders. The stakes of the game were so high that the tension was felt in the city of Riyadh weeks before the game. The game finished with Al Hilal winning 2–1 against Al Nassr to reach the final in addition to bragging rights for many years to come. Al Hilal reached the final in 2021 to face Pohang Steelers, both clubs had held a record of three Asian champions league titles. Al Hilal came up on top to score the first goal 16 seconds after the match began. In the end a 2–0 win secured the fourth Asian champions league title, and Al Hilal became the AFC Champions League unequivocal record title holders.

As the champions of the AFC Champions League, Al Hilal qualified for the 2021 FIFA Club World Cup in the UAE, Al Hilal in their first match faced hosts Al Jazira and managed to win 6–1. Al Hilal later faced UEFA Champions League winners Chelsea but lost 1–0 to face off Egyptian club Al Ahly SC for the match for 3rd place, who are the winners of the 2020-21 CAF Champions League, in which Al Hilal lost in a 4–0 defeat with a disappointing performance hence Al Hilal were awarded the 4th position in the tournament.

In September 2022, Al Hilal offered Cristiano Ronaldo a two-year contract worth €242 million. However, Ronaldo rejected the proposal, calling it "obscene". The reports of the offer first surfaced in July 2022, but the Saudi club name was not known. The President of the Saudi Arabian Football Federation, Yasser Al Misehal said he would like to see Ronaldo play in Saudi, but that it "won't happen before January unfortunately". However, he signed up for Al Nassr FC instead at 1 January 2023.

In February 2023, Al Hilal played in the 2022 FIFA Club World Cup and reached the final after victories against Wydad Casablanca and Flamengo. In the final they lost 5–3 to Real Madrid.

In the 2022 AFC Champions League campaign Al Hilal topped Group A to advance to the knock out stages. The Asian Football Confederation decided to change the competition schedule from a all-year-round (spring-to-autumn) schedule to an autumn-to-spring schedule from next season onwards, despite the 2022 season actually being held from April 2022 to May 2023. Due to this decision Al Hilal had 9 month hiatus from the end of the group stage to the first knockout game, in February 2023 Al Hilal faced Emarati Shabab Al Ahli in the round of 16 whom they defeated 3–1. Three days later in the quarter finals Al Hilal faced Iran's Foolad in a highly physical match that ended in a 1–0 win with Marega scoring a goal in 87th minute. After advancing to the semi-final stage Al Hilal was pitted against Qatari Al Duhail, some pundits claimed before the game was played that Al-Duhail would easily reach the final in particular Nashat Akram who claimed that the match was a over before it started and that Al-Duhail already booked their place in the final. On the day of the game the match started with Al Hilal scoring four goals in the first 30 minutes and adding a fifth before the first half was over. In the second half Al Hilal capped off the game with two more goals with Odion Ighalo scoring a super hat-trick in a 7–0 decimating win to seal the place in the 2022 AFC Champions League Final Against Urawa Red Diamonds.

On 15 August 2023, Al Hilal signed Brazilian Footballer Neymar for a record breaking Saudi Pro League transfer fee of 90 million Euros plus add-ons.

Crest
In 2022, the club revealed a new logo. The old crest had a 3D effect and a gradient of a ball inside the crescent moon and it included the full text with the club name and founding year. The new Al Hilal logo has a design in only blue and white, with the empty space between the three vertical blue stripes and their crescent moons creating a white 'H' for 'Hilal' which also reads an 'S' for 'Saudi'.

Mascot
The club mascot is a shark.

"The merging of the two letters in both languages in the logo is to symbolize the form of a grand and solid shield suitable for all sports, and bearing the values and principals of Al-Hilal," Al-hilal club says.

Grounds
Al Hilal currently plays their home games at King Fahd International Stadium in Riyadh, stadium that was constructed in 1987 with a capacity of 67,000 supporters and occasionally home games are taking place in Prince Faisal bin Fahd Stadium, one of oldest football grounds in Saudi Arabia which was built in 1969. In 2017, Al Hilal signed an agreement with King Saud University in Riyadh to use the University's stadium for 3 seasons, from 2017–18 until the end of the 2019–20. In February 2022 it was announced that both Al Hilal and Al Nassr would become the tenants of the "Qiddiya's planned cliff-top 40,000+ seat stadium, once complete, will eventually become the new venue for home games for both teams and the full range of sporting facilities being developed will be made available for both clubs".

Rivalries

Al Hilal has a long-standing rivalry with Al-Ittihad. From the start of national competition the clubs were seen as representatives of the two biggest cities in Saudi Arabia: Riyadh and Jeddah. While Al Hilal have won four Asian Club Championship in years 1991, 1999–2000, 2019 and 2021, Al-Ittihad has won AFC Champions League two times in a row, in 2004 and 2005. Al Hilal won the Saudi El Clasico 62 times, Al-Ittihad won it 50 times, and two sides have drawn 35 times. As of 2023, the biggest win was when Al Hilal defeated Al Ittihad 5–0 in 2009–10.

Another rivalry is with their neighbors Al-Nassr, which is called Riyadh's Derby. They have met 148 times, Al Hilal has won 59 times, lost 48 times, and 41 games have ended in a draw. The biggest win is for Al Hilal when they defeated Al Nassr 5–1 in Saudi Professional League 2016-2017. The rivalry with Al Nassr is more intense between them than the rivalry with Al Ittihad. As an example, when Al Hilal reached the 2014 AFC Champions League Final, in 2nd leg Al Nassr fans awaited Western Sydney Wanderers arrival at the airport to spur them on against Al Hilal and tried to sabotage Al Hilal's ticket plan.

Al Hilal's most intense matches in AFC Champions league are against; Al Ain FC from UAE, Al Sadd SC of Qatar in GCC countries and against Iranian teams, Persepolis F.C. and Esteghlal F.C., and from east of Asia the most successful contenders Urawa Red Diamonds and Pohang Steelers.

Finance and sponsorship

Sponsorship

Television match broadcasting rights
Al Hilal receives a certain amount from the Saudi Arabia Football Federation as the federation sell the complete matches' right in one package and all the clubs in the Saudi Professional League share the revenue equally. The Saudi league broadcasting rights currently were sold to Saudi Broadcasting Authority's SBC Channel, as well as Shahid streaming service. Also SSC sports (Saudi sports company) has broadcasting rights

Other income sources

The club's president and other board members secure any extra income required to run the club from merchandising of the club's kit and other products as well as establishing an investment company owned by the club to increase the club's revenue. Sponsorships have been instrumental to the club's finances due to the numerous lucrative deals signed by the club, owing to the fact that the club's huge popularity and appeal locally, regionally and continentally generates a huge number of supporters and admirers, especially on social media; the club has over 15m followers across all social media accounts.

Club facilities

In 2009, the club opened a new camp in Riyadh. It contains 25 rooms, meeting rooms, smart room for lectures, library, eating room, living rooms, a big salon and a medical clinic. It also has entertainment corners for video games, table tennis, billiards, table football and many others. There are two training fields for the senior team.

Players

First-team squad

Out on loan

Personnel

Coaching staff

Management

This is a list of Al Hilal SFC presidents and chairmen from their foundation in 1957.

Honours

  shared record

Recent seasons
The table below chronicles the achievements of Al Hilal in various competitions since 1999.

Key

 Pld = Games played
 W = Games won
 D = Games drawn
 L = Games lost
 GF = Goals for
 GA = Goals against
 Pts = Points
 Pos = Final position

 W = Champion
 RU = Final (Runner-up)
 SF = Semi-finals
 QF = Quarter-finals
 R16/R32 = Round of 16, round of 32, etc.
 GS = Group stage
 QS = Qualifying stage

Records

Asian record

Overview

Record by country

Matches

Key: PO – Play-off round; 1R/2R – First/Second round; R16 – Round of 16; QF – Quarter-final; SF – Semi-final;

Notes

Top scorers in Asian competitions

See also
 List of football clubs in Saudi Arabia

References

External links

 Official website

Association football clubs established in 1957
Hilal
Hilal
Hilal
Hilal
H
H
H

Al Hilal SFC


In South Sudan, a ghost marriage is a marriage where a deceased groom is replaced by his brother. The brother serves as a stand in to the bride, and any resulting children are considered children of the deceased spouse. This unusual type of marriage is nearly exclusive to the Dinka (Jieng), Nuer, and Atuot people of South Sudan although instances of such marriages have also occurred in France. These tribes overlap in cultural practices, potentially due to the fact that all of these tribes are cattle-herding pastoralists.

Nuer people
Nuer women do not marry deceased men only to continue the man's bloodline.  In accordance with Nuer tradition, any wealth owned by the woman becomes property of the man after the marriage.  This wealth that is transferred is in the form of cattle, being exchanged from the father's lineage to the mother's lineage. Once this exchange is completed, the male children of that woman who received the cattle can now marry.

Thus, a wealthy woman may marry a deceased man to retain her wealth, instead of giving it up after marrying. Among the Nuer, a ghost marriage is nearly as common as a marriage to a live man.

Atuot people
There was a decline in ghost marriage among the Atuot people in the 1970s, and some sources attributed it to a connection with the cattle trade.

See also
 Ghost marriage (Chinese)
 Levirate marriage
 Posthumous marriage

References

South Sudan
Death customs
Posthumous marriage
South Sudanese culture
Widow inheritance

Ghost marriage in South Sudan


Ze'ev Shefer (, 21 April 1906 – 10 April 1964) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai between 1951 and 1955.

Biography
Born Ze'ev Feinstein in Uman in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Shefer attended a Russian School in Chișinău before making aliyah to Ottoman-controlled Palestine in 1913. He joined the Tzeiri Zion youth group, and later became a member of Hapoel Hatzair. After David Ben-Gurion and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi were expelled by the Ottoman authorities, he was a member of the Poale HaIvri central committee. In 1917 he volunteered to join the Jewish Legion. After being demobilised he lived in the Lower Galilee.

In 1919 he was amongst the founders of Ahdut HaAvoda, and the following year helped establish kibbutz Ayelet HaShahar. He worked as a member of the mounted platoon of the special police that guarded the villages in the area. In 1921 he was also amongst the founders of the Histadrut.

Shefer moved to Tel Aviv, where he became secretary of the Tel Aviv Workers Council and a member of the city council in 1929. In 1939 he became secretary of Mapai. Between 1939 and 1945 he served in the British Army during World War II. Upon his return to Palestine after the war, he became a member of the Haganah's national command and also served as acting head of national staff.

In 1949 he became a member of the HaKibbutz HaMeuhad secretariat. Two years later he was elected to the Knesset on the Mapai list and was appointed Deputy Speaker. When HaKibbutz HaMeuhad split in 1952, he was amongst the founders of the Mapai-aligned Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim. Shefer lost his seat in the 1955 elections and died in 1964 at the age of 57.

References

External links

1906 births
1964 deaths
People from Uman
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Jews from the Russian Empire
Jews from Ottoman Palestine
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
20th-century Israeli Jews
British Army personnel of World War I
Israeli trade unionists
Haganah members
British Army personnel of World War II
Ahdut HaAvoda politicians
Mapai politicians
Members of the 2nd Knesset (1951–1955)
Deputy Speakers of the Knesset
Royal Fusiliers soldiers
Child soldiers in World War I

Ze'ev Shefer


George Bradley Kellogg (November 6, 1826 – November 12, 1875) was a Vermont military and political figure who served as Adjutant General of the Vermont Militia and a Lieutenant Colonel in the 1st Vermont Cavalry during the American Civil War.

Early life
George B. Kellogg was born in Rockingham, Vermont on November 6, 1825, the son of Jane (McAfee) Kellogg and Vermont Adjutant General and Judge Daniel Kellogg.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practiced in Brattleboro.

Kellogg served in local offices, including Justice of the Peace.  He also served as Windham County State's Attorney and a member of the Vermont House of Representatives.

He was Vermont's Adjutant General from 1854 to 1859.

In 1861 Kellogg was appointed Brattleboro's Deputy Postmaster.

Civil War
At the start of the Civil War Kellogg accepted a commission to recruit troops for the volunteer regiments of the Union Army.  He helped raised the 1st Vermont Cavalry Regiment and was appointed Lieutenant Colonel and second in command.  Kellogg was the regiment's de facto commander and took part in several battles, but was unhappy at not receiving promotion to Colonel and command of the regiment after the resignation of Lemuel Platt, its first commander, and the death of Jonas P. Holliday, who had succeeded Platt.  As a result he left the regiment, and was discharged in 1862.

Later life
After leaving the Army, Kellogg moved to St. Louis, where he reestablished his law practice.  Later in the Civil War he was appointed a Major in the Missouri Militia and assigned to a unit ordered to perform home guard duties in and around St. Louis.

In March 1867 President Andrew Johnson nominated Kellogg to be United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri, but he was not confirmed by the United States Senate.

Death and burial
George B. Kellogg died in St. Louis on November 12, 1875.  He was originally interred at Holy Trinity Cemetery, and the remains at that site were later moved to Calvary Cemetery.

Family
Kellogg married Mary Lee Sikes (October 10, 1826—January 16, 1907) on March 15, 1847.  They had two daughters – Jane McAfee Kellogg (b. September 23, 1849), and Sarah Bradley Kellogg (b. January 6, 1853).

References

1826 births
1875 deaths
Politicians from Brattleboro, Vermont
Military personnel from St. Louis
Vermont lawyers
State's attorneys in Vermont
Missouri lawyers
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives
American militia generals
Union Army officers
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (St. Louis)
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers

George Bradley Kellogg


Joseph Alexander Gillies (September 17, 1849 – July 7, 1921) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Irish Cove, Nova Scotia, the son of John Gillies and Mary McLean, Gillies was educated at St. Francis Xavier University graduating in April 1871. He was called to the Nova Scotia bar in 1875 and practised law in Sydney. He was the registrar of probate for the County of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia from August 1872 until he resigned when he ran unsuccessfully for the riding of Cape Breton in the 1887 federal election. He was clerk of the Peace for Cape Breton county from December 1875 until January 1880 when the county was incorporated, and then he was appointed Municipal clerk, which he held until January 1883 when he became solicitor of the municipality (Sydney).

In 1883, he married Josephine Eulalie Bertrand. Gillies was named Queen's Counsel in 1895. In 1901, he purchased the Sydney Post.

He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Richmond in the 1891 election but unseated upon petition and at the by-election held in January 1892 was re-elected. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1896. He was defeated in 1900 and again in 1904 and 1911.

Gillies died in Sydney at the age of 71.

Electoral record

References

This article incorporates text from The Canadian album: men of Canada, Vol. 3, a publication now in the public domain.

1849 births
1921 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
St. Francis Xavier University alumni
Canadian King's Counsel

Joseph Alexander Gillies


Francis Washington Kirkham (January 6, 1877 – September 14, 1972) was a prominent educator and the author of New Witness For Christ in America: Evidence of Divine Power in the "Coming Forth" of the Book of Mormon, one of the earliest book-length defenses of the authenticity of the Book of Mormon.

Kirkham was born in Lehi, Utah Territory, to James Kirkham and his wife Mary Mercer. Francis Kirkham had a younger brother Oscar A. Kirkham, who later became a general authority in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Kirkham studied business under James E. Talmage at age 15. He later attended Brigham Young Academy (BYA) and then served a three-year mission for the LDS Church in New Zealand. At the end of his mission, Kirkham wrote a grammar to help new missionaries learn the Māori language. After his mission, Kirkham completed his studies at BYA, graduating in 1904 as the valedictorian.

In 1901 Kirkham married Martha Alzina Robison in the Salt Lake Temple. He then worked as a business man in Canada for about three years. After this, he went to the University of Michigan where he earned his bachelor's degree. Kirkham then taught at Brigham Young University (BYU), which had formerly been BYA, for two years. He next entered law school at the University of Utah, where he was in the law school's first graduating class. Kirkham pursued graduate studies at Stanford University and then earned his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

Kirkham served as president of LDS Business College, head of vocational education for the state of Utah, and superintendent of Granite School District. While in  the last position he wrote the book Educating All the Children of All the People. This gained him national attention and led to his appointment as head of the New York City-based National Child Welfare Association.

It was while working from New York that Kirkham did his studies on the Book of Mormon. This was a result of being able to access the newspapers from western New York and north-east Ohio in the time of Joseph Smith. In 1937, Kirkham published a compilation of these works as Source Material on the Book of Mormon. This material also was the main basis for his seminal work, A New Witness For Christ in America. The main argument of this book is built around using contemporary sources to dispute the main non-divine theories on the origin of the Book of Mormon.

Later in his life, Kirkham worked as a manager for a Salt Lake City-based insurance company and did historical research in the LDS Church Archives. Among his works during this period were Tales of a Triumphant People: A History of Salt Lake County, Utah, 1847–1900 (with Harold Lundstrom) published in 1947. Kirkham was also connected with the establishment of the BYU Archeology department and served as a member of the Society for Early Historic Archaeology.

Notes

References
Keith W. Perkins, "Francis W. Kirkham: A 'New Witness' for the Book of Mormon", Ensign, July 1984, p. 53
Piece by Kirkham on the Utah vocational education program

External links
Francis W. Kirkham letters, MSS SC 1311 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
Francis W. Kirkham correspondence, MSS SC 2496 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
Francis Washington Kirkham's diary from at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
John Andreas Widtsoe Letter to Francis W. Kirkham. MSS 4058; 20th Century Western and Mormon Manuscripts; L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University.

1877 births
1972 deaths
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Latter Day Saint writers
American Mormon missionaries in New Zealand
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Historians of Utah
Ensign College faculty
Mormon apologists
People from Lehi, Utah
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Michigan alumni
S.J. Quinney College of Law alumni
American historians
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Michigan
Latter Day Saints from New York (state)

Francis W. Kirkham


Mary Stanton (born 1947 in Winter Park, Florida) is an American author most famous for her eight-volume children's fantasy series Unicorns of Balinor. Writing under the pseudonym Claudia Bishop, she is also the author of 14 mystery novels in the Hemlock Falls series published by Berkley Prime Crime, three novels in the Casebooks of Dr. Mckenzie mystery series, and the senior editor of three mystery story anthologies: Death Dines At Eight-Thirty, Death Dines In, and A Merry Band of Murderers.

Biography
Stanton is the eldest daughter of William Bishop Whitaker and Carole Whitaker who were both college professors for parts of their career. Her father at the time of her birth was the Dean of men at Rollins College. When William Whitaker was recruited back into the Navy in the early 1950s he and his family were posted to Japan. Leaving active Naval service for the Reserves and a position in the State Department, Whitaker was posted to Hawaii where he occupied a position as Director of Educational Services for Southeast Asia.

She grew up in Hawaii and graduated from Kailua High School and left the island for undergraduate school in the late 1960s. She attended St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota and she received a B.A. philosophy and literature from the University of Minnesota. She also attended a year of law school and a year of graduate school majoring in rehabilitation therapies. She worked for a number of jobs in Minnesota including a year as a nightclub singer, a medical examiner for Social Security, a claims adjuster and a Director of Volunteer Services at Hostings State Hospital.

In 1967, she married Robert Tom Nelson but the marriage ended in 1973 as a divorce with no children. In the mid 1970s, Mary Stanton left Minnesota for Rochester, New York to work for Aetna Life & Casualty Insurance Companies. In 1974, she married Robert J. Stanton Esquire of Walworth, New York but the marriage ended in another divorce in 1999. From the marriage there were three stepchildren; John Robert Stanton, Harry Cole Stanton, and Julie Stanton Schwartz.

Career
She began her career as a copywriter in the early 1980s working for several companies, such as Xerox Corporation, until she opened her own marketing communications company in 1985, specializing in research and writing of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award applications. She had clients including Xerox, Westinghouse, American Express, and Eastman Kodak. She accepted a junior partner Daniel J. Hucko in 1985, sold the business in 1992 to Young and Rubicam, and left the business in 1994 to write full-time.

Stanton's first book was animal fantasy The Heavenly Horse from the Outermost West (1984); it was published in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The sequel was Piper at the Gate (1989). She sold her first mystery novel to Berkley Books in 1994 and since then has written at least 16 mystery novels as Claudia Bishop and 11 children's books including the series Unicorns of Balinor.

She wrote non-fiction articles on horse care and veterinary medicine which appeared on national and regional magazines. She wrote three scripts for the TV cartoon Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders, including the aired episode "Song of the Rainbow."

List of books

As Mary Stanton

Heavenly Horse series
 The Heavenly Horse from the Outermost West (1988)
 Piper at the Gate (1989, published as Piper at the Gates of Dawn in UK)

A Magical Mystery series
 My Aunt, the Monster (1997)
 Next Door Witch  (1997)
 White Magic (1997)

Unicorns of Balinor series

 The Road to Balinor (1999)
 Sunchaser's Quest (1999)
 Valley of Fear (1999)
 By Fire, by Moonlight (1999)
 Search for the Star (1999)
 Secrets of the Scepter (2000)
 Night of the Shifter's Moon (2000)
 Shadows over Balinor (2000)
 Unicorns of Balinor (omnibus) (2006)

Beaufort and Company
 Defending Angels (2008)
 Angel's Advocate(2009)
 Avenging Angels(2009)
 Angel's Verdict(2011)
 Angel Condemned(2011)

Anthologies in collaboration
 Fantasy Tales for Girls (2006) (with Jane B. Mason and Sarah Hines Stephens)

As Claudia Bishop

Hemlock Falls Mysteries series
 A Taste For Murder (1994)
 A Dash of Death (1995)
 A Pinch of Poison (1995)
 Murder Well-Done (1996)
 Death Dines Out (1997)
 A Touch of the Grape (1998)
 A Steak in Murder (1999)
 Marinade for Murder (2000)
 Just Desserts (2002)
 Fried By Jury (2003)
 A Puree of Poison (2003)
 Buried By Breakfast (2004)
 A Dinner to Die For (2006)
 Ground to a Halt (2007)
 A Carol for A Corpse (2007)
 Toast Mortem (2010)
 Dread on Arrival (2012)
 A Fete Worse Than Death (2013)

The Casebooks of Dr. Austin McKenzie series
 The Case of the Roasted Onion (2006)
 The Case of the Tough-Talking Turkey (2007)
 The Case of the Ill-Gotten Goat (2008)

Anthologies in collaboration
 Aliens: Tales to Warp Your Mind (1994)
 Death Dines at 8:30 (2001) (with Nick DiChario)
 Death Dines In (2004) (with Dean James)
 A Merry Band of Murderers (2006) (with Don Bruns)

References

External links

 Fantastic Fiction Mary Stanton entry

1947 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American fantasy writers
American mystery writers
American women short story writers
American women novelists
Living people
St. Olaf College alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
American women children's writers
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Women mystery writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers

Mary Stanton


Bruno Thiry  (born 8 October 1962) is a Belgian rally driver. He was born in St. Vith, Liège Province.

He began his career as an amateur in 1981, driving a Simca, and quickly became very successful in the Belgian Rally Championship. by 1991 to 1993, he joined the GME team that contested only in some selected World Rally Championship (WRC) events and in non-WRC events. In 1992, he managed a first podium finish for him on the final running of the notorious Rallye Côte d'Ivoire and finished second in an ex-works Opel Kadett GSI. The following year saw Thiry win some WRC events in an Opel Astra in the F2 category and brought GME its first manufacturer's title of the inaugural FIA 2-Litre World Cup in 1993. 1994, the year saw Thiry join the Ford team to contest the WRC, driving a Ford Escort RS Cosworth. In these years, he managed several third places; in the RAC Rally in 1994 and in Rally San Remo and the Rally Catalunya in 1996. He finished fifth overall in the WRC standings in 1994.

In 1997, he won the Rally of the Azores in a privately entered Escort Cosworth. The following year saw Thiry continue with Ford and he contested thirteen events with the exception of the Safari Rally and Rally Portugal due to an accident that caused Thiry two broken ribs and he was replaced by Ari Vatanen as the second driver for the team. Then in 1999 he campaigned a Subaru Impreza in his role as third driver for the Subaru World Rally Team.

2001 saw Thiry joined the Škoda Motorsport team and he had a disappointing year in the Octavia WRC. His highest placings that year were eight place in the Monte Carlo Rally, the Cyprus Rally and Rally Great Britain.

In 2002 and 2003, the Peugeot 206 WRC was Thiry's vehicle of choice. He won the Ypres Rally both years, and became European Champion in 2003 after five victories. In 2004, he was runner-up in a Citroën C2 S1600.

Since 2005, Thiry has more or less retired from motorsport and only occasionally competes on events. A notable recent result was a second place on the Rally of Condroz in 2006, driving a Peugeot 307 WRC. His co-driver for most of his rallying career was fellow-Belgian Stéphane Prévot.

WRC results

External links

Stats at RallyBase
 Bruno Thiry - EWRC Profile Page
Stats at World Rally Archive

1962 births
Living people
People from St. Vith
World Rally Championship drivers
European Rally Championship drivers
Belgian rally drivers
Sportspeople from Liège Province
Škoda Motorsport drivers
Belgian racing drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers

Bruno Thiry


Capital University (Capital, Cap, or CU) is a private university in Bexley, Ohio, United States. Capital was founded as the Theological Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio in 1830 and later was associated with that synod's successor, the American Lutheran Church. The university has undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as a law school. Capital University is the oldest university in Central Ohio and is one of the oldest and largest Lutheran-affiliated universities in North America.

History
Capital University was founded on June 3, 1830, as the Theological Seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio in Canton, Ohio, 40 years before the founding of Ohio State University, making it the oldest university in Central Ohio. It moved to downtown Columbus in 1832. On March 2, 1850, The non-seminary portion of the school was renamed Capital University and the seminary was renamed the Evangelical Lutheran Theological Seminary (ELTS). At that time, the denomination was renamed to the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and Other States and grew into a nationwide church body. The first president of the renamed university was William Morton Reynolds.

In 1930, the Joint Synod was merged with two other smaller German language groups, the Iowa Synod (formed 1854) and the Buffalo Synod (founded 1845) to create the American Lutheran Church (ALC), headquartered in Columbus. The ALC existed for only three decades, until 1960, when it, in turn, participated in a more extensive merger with the Evangelical Lutheran Church and the United Evangelical Lutheran Church Danish to form The American Lutheran Church. The second ALC lasted until the formation of the current Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in 1988, with offices in Chicago, Illinois.

The university eventually moved its main campus to the rural periphery of the state capital in the community of Bexley. This rural area has since developed into an upscale suburb. Capital University's educational mission is based on Lutheran values of free inquiry, critical thinking, and leadership. A current motto used at the school is "Ask. Think. Lead", a continuing reminder of its educational mission.

In recognition of several buildings' historic architectural merit, a portion of the campus was entered on the National Register of Historic Places as the "Capital University Historic District" in 1982. The district comprises Mees Hall, Bexley Hall, the Kerns Religious Life Center (formerly Rudolph Hall), and Leonard Hall. The district initially included Lehmann Hall and Loy Hall, but those two buildings have since been demolished.

In May 2004, the university received approval to close Mound Street between College Avenue and Pleasant Ridge Avenue from the city of Bexley. In 2006, the university constructed a pedestrian mall on the closed portion of Mound Street, including parking, improved lighting, benches, and landscaping. The $2.5 million project unified the northern and southern parts of campus.

Denvy A. Bowman, the university's 15th president retired on July 1, 2016, ending his ten-year tenure as president. On February 9, 2016, Elizabeth L. Paul was named as the 16th president of Capital and was the first woman to hold the position at the university; she resigned in 2020. David Kaufman became interim president in June 2020 and was named the 17th president on July 25, 2021.

ELTS became independent of the university in 1959. It merged with the theological department known as Hamma Divinity School of nearby Wittenberg University in Springfield, Ohio, in 1978 and reopened on the Bexley campus as Trinity Lutheran Seminary, where it continues today as a theological seminary of the ELCA. In the fall of 2016, Capital University and Trinity Lutheran Seminary announced that the two would reunite after 58 years of operating separately. The goal was to complete the reunion plan by the summer of 2017, with implementation to follow over the next two years.

On July 13, 2020, the university Board of Trustees announced plans to retire the Crusader nickname and the "Cappy" mascot following a 15-month-long study. The university formally adopted "Capital Comets" as the new mascot name on September 30, 2021.

Academics
Capital is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. It has more than 60 majors and 51 minors to choose from.

The academic buildings on campus include Battelle Hall, Ruff Learning Center, Troutman Hall, Kerns Religious Life Center, Huber-Spielman Hall, Conservatory of Music, and Renner Hall.

Capital University's ranking in the 2022 U.S. News & World Report edition of Best Colleges is Regional Universities Midwest, tied at #37.

Law School

Capital University Law School is an ABA-accredited private law school located in downtown Columbus. U.S. News & World Report listed Capital's full-time Juris Doctor program as "Rank Not Published" in 2018, but in 2022 it was ranked as tied for No. 147-193 out of 197 schools in Best Law Schools.

Campus life

Student organizations
Capital University features more than 70 student organizations. This includes 13 fraternities and sororities, arts and media organizations, cultural organizations, honors societies, campus programming, religious organizations, service organizations, and government and social organizations. Some examples include Pride, PRSSA, Circle K, Jewish Student Association, ReCap Literary Magazine, the Chimes (student news), intramural sports, student government, and numerous music organizations in which both non-music and music majors can perform.

Residence life
Capital is a residential campus that operates on semester schedules. Most students live on campus in one of seven residence halls: Saylor-Ackermann Hall, Cotterman Hall, the Lohman Complex (comprising several residence halls), Schaaf Hall, Capital Commons, College Avenue Hall, and the Capital University Apartments (formerly the Woodsview Apartments).

Music
Capital University's music program is well-respected in the music community. Consisting of traditional and contemporary tracks, legendary faculty member Ray Eubanks started the jazz and music industry programs, some of the first in the nation. The largest degree concentration within the Conservatory is the Music Technology program, consisting of two tracks authored by Dr. Rocky J. Reuter, who also created the composition degree, the MIDI Band (an all-electronic live ensemble that has toured throughout the mid-west and eastern US), Ensemble Now (an improvisational-based contemporary music ensemble) and NOW MUSIC Festival, an annual celebration of contemporary music. The Chapel Choir has performed around Ohio and the world, including Carnegie Hall. The annual Christmas Festival at Capital is a popular local event and community institution led by all the choral ensembles (the Capital Chordsmen, Women's Chorus, Choral Union, and Chapel Choir). Recently, the university appointed its first female Assistant Dean of the Conservatory of Music.

WXCU Radio

The campus radio station, WXCU Radio, is entirely student-run and managed. In 2007, the radio station began streaming online only with an alternative and indie rock format. Students can host their radio show and interview nationally touring acts. Additionally, the station hosts several concerts and also supports the efforts of other groups campus-wide. Participation can be either extra-curricular or for credits. The station takes music submissions and frequently features music produced by students.

Harry C. Moores Student Union
During the summer of 2013, the Harry C. Moores Campus Center underwent a multimillion-dollar renovation. Capital University's Student Government rededicated the building as the 'Harry C. Moores Student Union' in the fall of 2013. Capital's Barnes & Noble bookstore is located on the first floor of the Union. The Student Union is also home to the campus mail room and the main dining facilities for Capital University.

The main dining room (MDR), or "Capital Court" on campus, underwent renovations during the summer of 2015.

The bookstore on the first floor of the student union underwent renovations during the summer of 2016.

The third floor of the student union underwent renovations during the fall of 2016 to install a new workout area on campus. The workout facility opened in January 2017. The third floor used to have a lounge and game tables; it was also home to the 'Mezz' dining option; however, that option was closed in 2015.

Blackmore Library
The Capital University Blackmore Library is a four-floor structure. Computers are located on the first three floors for use, with only one on the third floor. The third floor contains many articles and much of the university's historical data. The fourth floor is the home to the Schumacher Gallery, which houses a large art collection on campus. The second floor has an extensive music collection, including a vinyl section. Constructed in 1969 and dedicated in March 1971, the library now contains more than 300,000 media articles. The library was named in 1998 for Josiah Blackmore, a well-known legal scholar, and former university president. The first and second floors of Blackmore Library were renovated in Summer 2012.

Schumacher Gallery
Schumacher Gallery houses the 502-piece Schreiber-Fox Collection of African Art. Schreiber and Fox donated their collection of African art to Capital University. The Schumacher Gallery's permanent collections consist of a diverse selection of more than 2500 works of art for education and enjoyment.

A piece of the Berlin Wall is a popular attraction for visitors and incoming students. Obtained in 1992, the wall was given on a long-term loan from Hansa Consulting, a German-based corporation. On one side is colorful graffiti written during the separation of East and West Berlin, while on the other is blank concrete revealing a few bullet holes, evidence of the confinement of East Berliners. Once housed in the university's library, the structure stands outside Huber-Spielman Hall. The concrete wall weighs 2.8 tons.

Convergent Media Center
The three-story Convergent Media Center is designed to facilitate interdisciplinary work. The lower level contains a professional recording studio and digital art and design laboratories.

A television and radio studio on the first floor allows video production and radio, television, film, visual, technical, and performing arts training. The first floor also houses the student radio station, WXCU, studios, and the control room for CapTV, along with event space for student publications.

The second level houses faculty offices, small conference rooms, and seminar classrooms.

Athletics

Capital University participates in numerous intercollegiate sports as a member Ohio Athletic Conference (OAC) at the NCAA Division III level. The school's primary athletic rival is the Otterbein Cardinals of Westerville, Ohio. Capital's teams have been known as the Comets since September 2021, when the name was changed from the Crusaders. In the 1930s, the school's teams were called the Fighting Lutherans. The following teams and clubs compete on the varsity level:

Men's sports
 Baseball
 Basketball
 Cross country
 Football
 Golf
 Soccer
 Tennis
 Track and field (indoor and outdoor)
 Lacrosse

Women's sports
Basketball
 Cross country
 Golf
 Soccer
 Softball
 Tennis
 Track and field (indoor and outdoor)
 Volleyball
 Lacrosse

Intramural sports
 Basketball
 Dodgeball
 Volleyball
 Flag football
 Ultimate frisbee
 Racquetball
 Soccer
 Softball
 Zumba

National championships
Capital University became the first school to win back-to-back NCAA Division III Women's Basketball National Championships in 1994 and 1995. The two championships highlight a five-year run that featured four trips to the national semifinals and finals. The Crusaders finished second in the nation in 1993 and third in 1997.

Bernlohr Stadium
Bernlohr Stadium is home to the football, men's and women's soccer, track, and men's and women's lacrosse teams. In 2011, Field turf was reinstalled on the field. The stadium does have a three-lane track. The capacity is around 3,000, with seating and standing room. In the fall of 2012, a new HD LCD scoreboard was revealed. In October 2014, Capital was granted permission to install stadium lights and a new sound system at the stadium by the Bexley Planning Commission. This decision was upheld in January 2015 by the Bexley City Council after residents living near the stadium appealed the planning commission's decision.

In the fall of 2016, alumnus Wells Purmort (class of 1958) donated to the university's athletic department. Purmort gave a gift of $1 million, which will be used to maintain the turf at the stadium and be used for the eventual replacement of the field. To show its appreciation, the university named the playing surface after him. The stadium is now known as Purmort Field at Bernlohr Stadium.

Capital Center
The Capital Center is a 126,000-square-foot recreational and athletic complex that opened in 2001. Located inside is a weight room and cardio workout area open to students. The facility has an indoor track as well. The basketball and volleyball teams use the main gym inside the complex for their home games. Some classes are also held inside the Capital Center. The Capital Center is connected to Bernlor Stadium.

Clowson Field
Clowson Field is home to the baseball and softball teams. The field is located just a short drive from campus off of South Nelson Road. In 2021, a project to bring the softball and baseball fields to the main campus using space south of the Student Union was being considered.

People

Capital has many alums living in central Ohio and throughout the United States.

See also
Capital University Law School

References

External links

Private universities and colleges in Ohio
Liberal arts colleges at universities in the United States
Educational institutions established in 1830
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
Universities and colleges in Franklin County, Ohio
Bexley, Ohio
1830 establishments in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Ohio
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Historic districts in Franklin County, Ohio

Capital University


Penguin Pete was the Pittsburgh Penguins' first mascot. He was an Ecuadorian-born Humboldt penguin on loan from the Pittsburgh Zoo. Penguins officials even had special ice skates made for Pete by CCM in Canada. A skater from the University of Pittsburgh taught Pete at the arena how to ice skate.

Pete made his first appearance during the second intermission of a game against the Philadelphia Flyers on February 21, 1968. Pete made six more appearances. His last appearance was on November 16 of the same year during a game against the New York Rangers. He died of pneumonia on November 23, 1968.  It is believed that his death was due to the ice crew at the Civic Arena keeping his nesting area too warm.

After his death, Pete was sent to an area taxidermist. He was later displayed in the lobby of the Penguins team offices at the arena. However, the stuffed Pete was later removed from the lobby after a few concerned callers objected to its presence there, according to then-Penguins owner Jack McGregor.

A second penguin mascot, dubbed "Re-Pete'", was later loaned to the team and made it through the 1971–72 NHL season.

The team later adopted Iceburgh, a more traditional mascot, for the 1993–94 NHL season. While Iceburgh's name is a play on both iceberg and Pittsburgh, not reviving the Penguin Pete name was likely done to avoid confusion with the mascot of the same name at Youngstown State University in nearby Youngstown, Ohio.

See also
 List of NHL mascots

References

Pittsburgh Penguins
National Hockey League team mascots
Bird mascots
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania

Penguin Pete


The 9th Virginia Regiment was authorized in the Virginia State Troops on January 11, 1776. It was subsequently organized between February 5 and March 16, 1776, and comprised seven companies of troops from easternmost Virginia. The unit was adopted into the Continental Army on May 31, 1776. The regiment participated in the Battle of Brandywine and the Battle of Germantown.  At Germantown, under the command of Colonel George Mathews, the unit penetrated so deeply into the British lines that it was isolated from the remainder of General Nathanael Greene's division and over 400 men were taken prisoner by the British.  Four retreating companies of the 1st British Light Infantry Battalion found themselves in the rear of the Virginians and attacked. Surprised, the 9th was driven farther into the British camp where it was beset by the brigade of Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey and the 2nd British Light Infantry Battalion. After being attacked on all sides and Mathews wounded, the regiment surrendered near Kelly's Hill together with part of the 6th Virginia Regiment. The unit was consolidated with the 1st Virginia Regiment on May 12, 1779, and the consolidated unit was designated as the 1st Virginia Regiment. The unit was captured on May 12, 1780, by the British Army at the Siege of Charleston and was disbanded on November 15, 1783.

References

Bibliography

External links
Bibliography of the Continental Army in Virginia compiled by the United States Army Center of Military History

Virginia regiments of the Continental Army
Military units and formations established in 1775
Military units and formations disestablished in 1779

9th Virginia Regiment


The Laborec Highlands (in Slovak, Laborecká vrchovina) is a mountain range in northeastern Slovakia, part of the Lower Beskids of the Outer Eastern Carpathians.

The range is composed of Carpathian flysch. Bordered in the north by the Polish national border and to the west by the Ondavská Highlands, its ridges typically reach a height of 500 to 700 metres. The highest point is Vysoký Grúň, at 905 metres. The region is drained by the Laborec River and, in its western portion, by the Ondava.

Notables town and villages in the hill country include Medzilaborce (site of the Andy Warhol Museum of Modern Art), Vyšná Jablonka, Bodružal, and Vyšný Komárnik. The highlands are also the location of the strategically significant Dukla Pass, the lowest mountain pass in the main ranges of the Carpathians, and the site of the Battle of the Dukla Pass of September and October 1944.

Mountain ranges of Slovakia
Mountain ranges of the Eastern Carpathians
Highlands

Laborec Highlands


Torres Strait Islanders are the indigenous people of the Torres Strait Islands, part of Queensland, Australia. They are culturally related to the coastal peoples of Papua New Guinea. They are regarded as being distinct from other Aboriginal peoples of the rest of Australia. There are also two Torres Strait Islander communities on the nearby coast of the mainland.

Population
There are 6,000 Torres Strait Islanders who live in the area of the Torres Strait, and 42,000 others who live outside of this area, mostly in the north of Queensland, particularly in Townsville and Cairns.

Culture
The indigenous people of the Torres Strait have a distinct culture which has slight variants on the different islands where they live. They are a sea-faring people, and engaged in trade with peoples of Papua New Guinea. The culture is complex, with some Australian elements, some Papuan elements, and some Austronesian elements, just like the languages.  The Islanders seem to have been the dominant culture for many centuries, and neighbouring Aboriginal and Papuan cultures show some Island influence in religious ceremonies and the like.  Archaeological, linguistic and folk history evidence suggests that the core of Island culture is Austronesian.  Unlike the indigenous peoples of mainland Australia, the islanders were traditionally agriculturalists although they supplemented their food supplies through hunting and gathering.

Related pages
 Indigenous Australians
 Papua New Guinea

References

Other websites
 Torres Strait Regional Authority
 Church of Torres Strait

Indigenous peoples of Australia
Queensland

Torres Strait Islanders


The United States Naturalization Act of 1795 (, enacted January 29, 1795) repealed and replaced the Naturalization Act of 1790. The main change made by the 1795 Act from the 1790 Act was the increase in the period of required residence in the United States before an alien can be naturalized from two to five years.

The Act also omitted the term "natural born" in the characterisation of children born outside the US to US citizen parents. The Act repeated the limitation in the 1790 Act that naturalization was reserved only for "free white person[s]."  It also changed the requirement in the 1790 Act of "good character" to read "good moral character."

Pre-1795
Before 1795, naturalization law was governed primarily by the Naturalization Act of 1790.

Provisions
The 1795 Act continued the 1790 Act limitation of naturalization being available only to "free white person[s]." The main change was the increase in the period of required residence in the United States before an alien can be naturalized from two to five years, and the introduction of the Declaration of Intention requirement, or "first papers", which required to be filed at least three years before the formal application, creating a two-step naturalization process.

Aliens intending to naturalize had to go to their local court and declare their intention to do so at least three years before their formal application. In the declaration, the applicant would also indicate his understanding that upon naturalization he would take an oath not only of allegiance to the United States but also of renunciation of his former sovereign. In addition to the declaration of intention and oath of renunciation, the 1795 Act required all naturalized persons to be "attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States" and be "well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same."

The Act removed the characterization of children born outside the US to US citizen parents as "natural born citizens", providing instead that such children "shall be considered as citizens of the United States".

Post-1795
The 1795 Act was superseded by the Naturalization Act of 1798, which extended the residency requirement to 14 years and notice period to five years. The 1798 Act was repealed by the Naturalization Law of 1802, which restored the residency and notice requirements of the 1795 Act.

References

External links
Statutes At Large, Third Congress, Session II, p. 414

1795 in American law
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
3rd United States Congress

Naturalization Act of 1795