The Chrysler R platform was introduced for the 1979 model year.  The first example of downsizing of the full-size Chrysler sedan line, the R-body is an evolution of the B-body intermediate chassis.  Competing against the downsized General Motors B-body chassis and the all-new Ford Panther chassis, the R-body is the longest-wheelbase of the three.  In contrast to Ford and GM, Chrysler only marketed the R-body as a four-door sedan.

Produced for only three years, the production run of the R-body chassis was far shorter than its competitors (GM B-body, 19 years; Ford Panther; 32 years).  For 1982, Chrysler ended sales of the R-body chassis, marketing the M-body chassis for its largest sedans.

Background
As the middle of the 1970s approached, Chrysler was facing an increasingly worrisome organizational and financial situation due to a combination of internal and external factors. The company had suffered the embarrassment of releasing new, bulkier full-sized C-body models for 1974 which promptly flopped due to the 1973 OPEC oil embargo, and unable to fix the mounting difficulties beyond unsuccessful sales incentives, chairman Lynn Townsend took early retirement and left the reins to John Ricardo. By 1976, Chrysler had exhausted its cash reserves and had to pay for all operating costs with purely sales revenue. Ricardo attempted to seek a bailout from the Federal government to the tune of $7.5 billion, but President Jimmy Carter immediately turned him down.

Then in September 1976, GM released new, radically downsized standard cars which were nearly  shorter and lighter by almost 700 pounds. The Chevrolet Caprice won Motor Trend Magazine's Car Of The Year Award and quickly became the best-selling car in America. Lacking the resources for a similar undertaking (GM had spent $600 million on the project), Chrysler was forced to respond in a more modest way.

The full-sized C-body Dodge and Plymouth lines were dropped for 1978, in part because they were finding few customers outside the fleet market (the C-body Chryslers lasted one more year). At this point, the mid-sized B-body Monaco and Fury were left as Chrysler's largest cars, but an outdated design that could not compete with GM and also by that point were more popular with police departments than private buyers.

During this time, the R-body project commenced which essentially amounted to taking the same old B-body platform that had its origins in the "downsized" standard Plymouths and Dodges of 1962 and grafting a new, more modern body onto them to create an ersatz challenger to the Chevrolet Caprice. There was considerable dispute over the cars' final appearance. GM had not only made its downsized big cars smaller, but styled them to look less ponderous. However, in the end, it was decided to retain a heavier "big car" look on the R-bodies with blocky, imposing lines. A variety of engineering measures were employed to the old warhorse B-body platform to reduce weight, improve reliability, and modernize components. Big-block engines vanished, and power trains now comprised the 225-cid Slant Six, 318 cid V8, and 360 cid V8 (unavailable in California because of emissions regulations) mated to the 3-speed Torqueflite automatic transmission. This done, Chrysler retired the B-body Dodge Monaco and Plymouth Fury along with the C-body Chrysler Newport and New Yorker at the close of the 1978 model year.

However, the company was still facing a dire financial situation and it was obvious that new blood was needed, especially as President Carter had written off Chrysler's management as incompetent and made it clear that no federal bailout would happen so long as the status quo were maintained. Thus, Lee Iacocca was hired as company president in July 1978 three months after his expulsion from Ford. John Ricardo held onto his position as chairman for another year, but his presence merely stood in the way of the hoped-for federal bailout, thus he summarily resigned in early 1979 with Iacocca assuming his position.  By the summer of 1980 Chrysler Corporation through ardent negotiations with Congress secured a $1.5 billion loan guarantee, which allowed the company to put into production the K-Car line and intensify development of the Minivan line of vehicles.

Models

Billed as "pillared hardtops", all R-body vehicles were available as four-door sedans only. No coupe, convertible, or station wagon was offered; Chrysler could not afford to develop these additional body styles. All R-body models were built at Plymouth's Lynch Road Plant in Detroit.

The 17-year-old platform that the R-bodies used was hidden by the design and engineering changes mentioned above, although the cars ended up being three inches (76 mm)  longer than the B-body Dodge Monaco and Plymouth Fury. Initial sales started off strong, and proceeded that way for most of the 1979 model year, with just over 121,000 produced and sold. However, in the spring of 1979, the Iranian Revolution was in full swing. Gas prices rose sharply, and the US economy plunged into a deep recession that would last for the next three years. Sales of the R-bodies sank abruptly for the 1980 and 1981 model years, and never recovered. The line was initially planned to be dropped after the 1980 model year, but strong protest from the fleet community (especially police departments) gave the R-body line a short reprieve for 1981.

Initially, there was no Plymouth version of the R-body as company production manager Eugene Cafiero decided to pull the plug on all Plymouths larger than the Volare. This decision had apparently sound reasoning in that it reduced expenses at a time when Chrysler could ill-afford to waste money and because sales of the B- and C-body Plymouths had been rather minuscule outside the fleet market. However, Plymouth dealers objected to this since they had no entry in the fleet market now. Substituting for Plymouth was a stripped Chrysler Newport offered for the police market, which ended up proving quite popular with law enforcement agencies. Chrysler bowed to pressure and brought back an R-body Plymouth Gran Fury for the 1980 model year.

The R-bodies proved quite popular with police departments, who especially appreciated the cars handling, and the attention paid to interior space and comfort. Mechanical reliability was also significantly better than the B-body Dodges and Plymouths, which suffered an alarming drop in quality control starting in 1976. On the other hand, big-block engines were gone and the 195 nhp 360 4bbl V8 was now the top optional power plant for Chrysler's police pursuit package. The E58 code police spec 360 V8; equipped with a Carter Thermoquad carburetor, dual exhausts, and a mild camshaft, could propel the cars to 120 mph in 1979, which was respectable if somewhat less than 1978 440 V8-equipped B-bodies which had been able to attain speeds over 130 mph.

In 1980, the E58 Police 360 gained the new Electronic Fuel Control (feedback fuel system), in addition to Electronic Spark Advance. Both modules were contained inside what was formerly known as the Spark Control Computer, attached to the side of the air cleaner.  Horsepower was down a bit for 1980, at 185 nhp, but - with the new police rear gear ratio set at 2.94 - top speed increased to 125 mph in Michigan State Police testing.  Unfortunately, a nearly-bankrupt Chrysler Corporation decided to outsource 360 V8 production to Saltillo, Mexico (where all Magnum and 3G Hemi V8s were later made).  In March of 1980, Windsor Engine discontinued 360 production, and the engine was no longer offered in ANY Chrysler passenger vehicle, including fleet models.

In April of 1981, Chrysler discontinued automobile production at the Plymouth Lynch Road facility, and R-body assembly came to an end.  By that time, the M-body cars had largely replaced them in police fleets. The M-body was a little smaller, and had a rather unusual transverse torsion bar suspension, but they were lighter, nearly as quick and fast, better-built, and were less expensive.  Although Chrysler's Lee Iacccoca - who seemed to be rather obsessed with Front Wheel Drive - tried his best to eradicate the company of all RWD products, he didn't succeed until the very end, with the last M-body cars rolling out of Kenosha in December of 1988. Less than 4 years later, Iaccoca himself was gone, just before Chrysler's rennaissance.

Sales

References

R

Chrysler R platform


The George Washington Carver Museum is a museum located in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States. It is a part of the Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site. The museum, located on the campus of Tuskegee University, is managed by the US National Park Service, with self-guided tours.

The George Washington Carver Museum has several exhibits, including crop rotation theories that helped the Southern United States's economy boom, and the history of George Washington Carver himself.

Overview
The museum consists of many exhibits, interpretive programs, a book sales area and two introductory films on George Washington Carver and Booker T. Washington, and are available at the museum.

The museum was developed with substantial support from admirer and industrialist Henry Ford. Carver wanted the fruits of his life's work on display at the museum. He hoped that the exhibits would inspire children to live better lives.

The original museum was housed in a remodeled building and was filled with Carver's geological and mycological (fungus) specimens made over a lifetime. Carver's artwork and crafts were also displayed in the museum. Mounted regional bird specimens and giant vegetables preserved in jars that he used as "show and tell" at farm and county fair demonstrations became part of the museum.

Carver first served as Director of the Agricultural Department where he developed agricultural extension services for black farmers and homemakers. Milbank Hall was the site of his agricultural experiments. His last laboratory was housed in the Carver Museum.

Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) donated the home of Booker T. Washington and the Carver Museum to the National Park Service in 1977, and much of the Carver collection in 1979.

History
For more than forty years, Dr George Washington Carver labored at Tuskegee Institute. He was the son of a slave woman, whose owner was named Moses Carver. Carver remained on Moses' estate until he was 12 years of age. He would paint pictures of flowers, plants, and landscapes. He never ceased efforts to improve the living conditions and surroundings of rural and farm people - particularly those who lived in the South - and to extract from nature through scientific research those elements and resources which could be made useful for the benefit of mankind. Many honors came to him during his lifetime, but none gave him more genuine pleasure and satisfaction than his own museum. It was always his wish that everything he did would be available to the public for the general good of all.

The George Washington Carver Museum was authorized by the trustees of Tuskegee Institute in 1938 at the request of President Frederick D. Patterson. The museum, formerly the school laundry, housed Dr Carver's extensive collections of native plants, minerals, birds and vegetables; his products from the peanut, sweet potato and clays; and his numerous paintings, drawings, and textile art. The museum was formally dedicated by Mr and Mrs Henry Ford in 1941. In January 1943, Dr Carver died and was buried in the Campus Cemetery.

In 1947, a fire caused great loss in the museum. Fortunately, many of Dr Carver's products were not seriously damaged. However, only a few of his paintings were saved, those mostly damaged by smoke and water. When the building was renovated in 1951, it was enlarged to include a basement exhibit area. With a total area of , it became a general repository for historic and modern treasures donated to Tuskegee Institute or removed from campus buildings. The museum also held an extensive collection of African crafts and artifacts. Over 300 bound volumes and rare pamphlets of south, central and west coast Africa, and more than 1000 photographs of life in Ghana and Nigeria were included.

Between 1951 and 1962, Bess Bolden Walcott served as the curator of the museum. Her work as a curator of the museum led to its becoming a National Park Service site. The Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site was authorized in 1974 and established on November 13, 1977. The George Washington Carver Museum, along with the Booker T. Washington home "The Oaks," was then deeded to the people of the United States.

Both the museum and The Oaks (the home of Booker T. Washington) were closed to the public in February 1980 to undergo restoration and refurbishing. Restoration was the focus for the museum's exterior. The building's interior was gutted and rebuilt to house exhibits, artifact storage space, staff offices, an auditorium where audiovisual programs are conducted, and an elevator for disabled persons.

Exhibits
The main exhibit area of the museum is divided into two sections. One section focuses on the comprehensive career of Dr Carver. Within this area is some of his laboratory equipment, including salvaged parts of discarded equipment with which he set up his first laboratory. Dr Carver had begun his research with only one true piece of scientific equipment: a microscope. Also included are samples of peanut and sweet potato products. The exhibits of his paintings, embroidery and needlework interpret the artistic talents of Dr Carver. On display are plaques, medals and artistic work created in tribute to Dr Carver.

The second section of the museum leads the visitor through the growth and development of Tuskegee Institute, founded in 1881, to the present day Tuskegee University. Through photographs and artifacts, the exhibits outline the school's accomplishments through extension work and the compilation of statistics on Black life are interpreted.

Returning visitors from the 1940s through the 1970s will note a smaller number of artifacts on display. It has not been necessary to exhibit several hundred extra items in order to provide a comprehensive interpretive experience. Items not on display are stored in a controlled environment. Ownership of a large selection of African artifacts formerly displayed in the museum was retained by Tuskegee University.

See also
List of museums focused on African Americans

References

External links
The George Washington Carver Museum, US National Park Service
Offbeat Travel — article about the museum

Museums established in 1941
1941 establishments in Alabama
Science museums in Alabama
Carver, George Washington
African-American museums in Alabama
Museums in Tuskegee, Alabama
Medical museums in Alabama
Tuskegee University
Museum

The George Washington Carver Museum


Greenville Municipal Stadium is a stadium in Greenville, South Carolina, U.S., that was built in 1984 and holds 7,048 people. It is located on Mauldin Road off exit 46C on I-85.

It was primarily used for baseball, and was the home field of the Greenville Bombers minor league baseball team before West End Field opened in 2006. It was also home to the Greenville Braves before they moved to Pearl, Mississippi, after the 2004 season.  It hosted the Atlantic Coast Conference baseball tournament from 1987 to 1995.

The former stadium is now known as Conestee Park, a baseball complex and  part of the Greenville County Recreation District.

References

External links
Greenville Municipal Stadium Views - Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues

Minor league baseball venues
Baseball venues in South Carolina
Sports venues in Greenville, South Carolina
1984 establishments in South Carolina
Sports venues completed in 1984

Greenville Municipal Stadium


Tabora Airport   is an airport in west-central Tanzania serving Tabora. It is  south of the town. Surface access from Tabora is via the tarmac Tabora to Ndembelwa village road, and then a three kilometre airport access tarmac road. Adjacent to the airport is the Tabora Command Military Base 202.

History
The former dirt strip of the Tabora Airport was improved and lengthened in 1942 during World War II. The South African Air Force supervised the work and built the hangar and the control tower. The airport was needed as a relay station for airborne supplies and troops destined for the North African desert campaign.

Facilities
Runway 08/26 is used as a taxiway to the terminal and hangar; there is no separate taxiway. The existing apron has a tarmac surface.

The airport has a terminal building, with a separate fire-suppression building. The airport manager has his office in a separate building. There is a hangar, a motor vehicle garage, and the control tower.  The car park has a gravel surface. There are plans to pave the main runway and apron with asphalt (bitumen) and resurface the gravel on the alternate runway.

Airlines and destinations

See also

List of airports in Tanzania
Transport in Tanzania

References

External links
OpenStreetMap - Tabora Airport

Airports in Tanzania
Buildings and structures in the Tabora Region

Tabora Airport


Billy Merson (born William Henry Thompson; 29 March 1879 – 25 June 1947) was an English music hall performer, comedian and songwriter.

Biography
He was born in Nottingham.  He began his career while working in a lace-making factory.  He performed in the evenings in a duo with Bernard Whiteman, at first as "Whiteman and Thompson - Irish Comedians and Trapeze Performers", and later as "Snakella and Travella".  With Whiteman, he toured Ireland and the north of England, and appeared in pantomimes.  In 1904, they changed their name to "Keith and Merson".  Merson was initially an acrobat and clown, and first played in London in 1905 under the character name "Ping-Pong".  It took some time until he could make a living from his stage work. "For five or six years on the stage, I survived on a salary hardly enough to keep body and soul together", he said.  The partnership with Whiteman ended in 1908.

Under the name Billy Merson, he made his solo West End debut in 1909, and thereafter featured in a range of revues, pantomimes, and other variety engagements.  He wrote songs and sold some of his compositions to other performers, including Wilkie Bard and Harry Ford, before finding success with a song that he performed himself in pantomime,  "The Spaniard That Blighted My Life", sung in a pseudo-operatic style. The song also became one of Al Jolson's first hits, in 1913, and a hit again when Jolson re-recorded it with Bing Crosby in 1947.  Merson took Jolson to court over performing the song without authorisation; he lost on a technicality, and the costs of the legal action left him bankrupt.  Other songs that Merson wrote include "The Photo of the Girl I Left Behind", and "Desdemonia".

With fellow music hall performer Charles Austin, he set up Homeland Films, and made several silent short films, including Billy's Spanish Love Spasm (1915), directed by W. P. Kellino.  He also appeared in three films made in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process, Billy Merson Sings Desdemona, Billy Merson Sings Scotland's Whiskey (a satire on Sir Harry Lauder), and Billy Merson in a Russian Opera (all 1926-1927).

As a comedian he was often paired with George Formby Senior.   He performed in revues, including Hullo America in 1918 with Elsie Janis and also featuring the London debut of Maurice Chevalier, who later wrote of Merson that he "was not only very funny, but he was fast on his feet as well and had a good baritone voice... This man had everything."  He also appeared in Whirled into Happiness (1922), the operetta Rose-Marie in 1925, musical comedy, and plays.  He was briefly chairman of the music hall at the Players Theatre in London.  In the 1930s he reverted to his old music hall act, dressed in eccentric costume and singing.

He died in Nottingham in 1947, aged 68.

Selected filmography
 The Show Goes On (1937)
 Riding High (1937)

References

External links

English male songwriters
Male actors from Nottingham
1879 births
1947 deaths
English male comedians

Billy Merson


The Grant Motor Co was an American automobile manufacturing company which produced automobiles from 1913 to 1922. The company was based in Findlay, Ohio. The company produced several thousand four and six cylinder automobiles and even exported cars to England as the Whiting-Grant. In 1916, a five-passenger touring car produced by the company sold for US$795.

See also
 List of defunct United States automobile manufacturers
 Brass Era car

References

External links
 Grant Six Model H (1921) - A promotional brochure with "a brief description of the Touring Car, Roadster, Coupe, and Sedan" including detailed specifications.

Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Ohio
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Ohio
1910s cars
1920s cars
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1913
1913 establishments in Ohio
1922 disestablishments in Ohio
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1922
Findlay, Ohio

Grant (automobile)


Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury is the energy adviser to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh since January 2009.

Early life
Chowdhury's ancestral home is in the village of Nateshwar in Beanibazar, Sylhet District. Chowdhury passed Secondary School Certificate exam from Barisal Zilla School in 1959 and ISC exam from Dhaka College in 1961. He earned his bachelor's in economics from the University of Dhaka in 1964 and master's from Panjab University in 1965.

Career
He joined the Civil Service of Pakistan (CSP) in 1968 after a two-year stint as lecturer in economics in the University of Dhaka. He completed his post graduate diploma from Leeds University, UK in 1975. He went to Harvard University and earned his PhD in 1983. In 1971, as the sub-divisional officer of Meherpur, he joined the liberation war and was commissioned in the Bangladesh Armed Forces. He was decorated for gallantry as Bir Bikrom and was one of the chief organizers of the swearing in ceremony of the first Government of Bangladesh in Mujibnagar, Meherpur on 17 April 1971.

Later he reverted to civil service and after several assignments, went for higher studies in United Kingdom in 1974. He was CEO and managing director of the Industrial Bank of Bangladesh (BSB). He served as Secretary to the Govt. of Bangladesh for nearly a decade in the Ministries of Food, Statistics, Power Energy & Mineral Resources and Planning. He also served as a visiting fellow at the Economic Growth Centre of the Yale University.

Since his retirement from public service in 2002, Chowdhury has served as a consultant to, among others, UN agencies and multilateral organizations.

Chowdhury was appointed Advisor to the Prime Minister of the Government of Bangladesh in January 2009 with the rank and status of a Minister. He advises on energy, power and mineral resources.

Chowdhury participated "UK Road Show 2015: Creating Opportunity for Investors", is a Bangladesh international investment and business seminar, designed for investors and corporate heads who want to explore the opportunities of a frontier market like Bangladesh. The country offers untapped opportunities in plethora of sectors which ensures handsome return, with smooth option to the press several times about reports by international bodies like UNESCO so as to get on with the project." If the Sundarbans is to be saved, the Rampal project must be cancelled"

Personal life
Chowdhury is married to Asma Elahi - a daughter of the Bengali poet Jasimuddin.

In 2018, Chowdhury released an autobiographical book Chariot of Life.

References

Living people
Dhaka College alumni
University of Dhaka alumni
Harvard University alumni
Recipients of the Bir Bikrom
Place of birth missing (living people)
People from Beanibazar Upazila
Politicians from Sylhet Division
Mukti Bahini personnel
Barishal Zilla School alumni
1945 births

Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury


The Blue Squadron is a 1934 Anglo-Italian aviation drama film directed by George King and starring Esmond Knight and John Stuart.  The film was a co-production between Britain's Teddington Studios (the UK arm of Warner Brothers) and Italy's Pittaluga studios.  Although made under quota quickie conditions, the film seems to have enjoyed a rather more generous budget than was the norm with such productions and was able to include convincing location shots in the snowy Italian mountains.

The film deals with two young officers in the Italian Royal Air Force (Knight and Stuart) competing for the hand of the attractive Elena (Greta Hansen) and finding their comradeship under strain as a result.  Both try to impress her with daredevil aviation stunts which become increasingly reckless as they try to outdo each other in bravery.  Finally, Knight goes too far and crashes his plane on a mountainside.  Putting rivalry aside, Stuart courageously risks his own life to save his injured colleague and both realise that their friendship is more important than silly squabbling over a woman.  They decide to let Elena make her own choice.

The Blue Squadron is classed by the British Film Institute as a lost film.

Cast
 Esmond Knight as Captain Carlo Banti
 John Stuart as Colonel Mario Spada
 Greta Hansen as Elena
 Cecil Parker as Bianchi
 Ralph Reader as Verdi

References

External links

 The Blue Squadron at BFI Film & TV Database

1934 films
1934 drama films
British drama films
British aviation films
Italian drama films
British black-and-white films
Films set in Italy
Films directed by George King
Lost British films
1934 lost films
Lost drama films
1930s English-language films
English-language Italian films
1930s British films

The Blue Squadron (1934 film)


Blom's scheme is a symmetric threshold key exchange protocol in cryptography.  The scheme was proposed by the Swedish cryptographer Rolf Blom in a series of articles in the early 1980s.

A trusted party gives each participant a secret key and a public identifier, which enables any two participants to independently create a shared key for communicating.  However, if an attacker can compromise the keys of at least k users, they can break the scheme and reconstruct every shared key. Blom's scheme is a form of threshold secret sharing.

Blom's scheme is currently used by the HDCP (Version 1.x only) copy protection scheme to generate shared keys for high-definition content sources and receivers, such as HD DVD players and high-definition televisions.

The protocol
The key exchange protocol involves a trusted party (Trent) and a group of  users. Let Alice and Bob be two users of the group.

Protocol setup
Trent chooses a random and secret symmetric matrix  over the finite field , where p is a prime number.  is required when a new user is to be added to the key sharing group.

For example:

Inserting a new participant
New users Alice and Bob want to join the key exchanging group. Trent chooses public identifiers for each of them; i.e., k-element vectors:

.

For example:

Trent then computes their private keys:

Using  as described above:

Each will use their private key to compute shared keys with other participants of the group.

Computing a shared key between Alice and Bob
Now Alice and Bob wish to communicate with one another. Alice has Bob's identifier  and her private key .

She computes the shared key , where  denotes matrix transpose.  Bob does the same, using his private key and her identifier, giving the same result:

They will each generate their shared key as follows:

Attack resistance
In order to ensure at least k keys must be compromised before every shared key can be computed by an attacker, identifiers must be k-linearly independent: all sets of k randomly selected user identifiers must be linearly independent.  Otherwise, a group of malicious users can compute the key of any other member whose identifier is linearly dependent to theirs.  To ensure this property, the identifiers shall be preferably chosen from a MDS-Code matrix (maximum distance separable error correction code matrix). The rows of the MDS-Matrix would be the identifiers of the users. A MDS-Code matrix can be chosen in practice using the code-matrix of the Reed–Solomon error correction code (this error correction code requires only easily understandable mathematics and can be computed extremely quickly).

References

Secret sharing
Key management

Blom's scheme


Uzair Cassiem (born 17 March 1990) is a South African rugby union player for French side Bayonne in the Prod2 competition.

Cassiem, who usually plays as a loose forward, previously represented the Golden Lions and Falcons.

In 2013, he was included in a South Africa President's XV team that played in the 2013 IRB Tbilisi Cup and won the tournament after winning all three matches. Cassiem finished joint top try scorer with two tries.

He was a member of the Pumas side that won the Vodacom Cup for the first time in 2015, beating Western Province 24–7 in the final. Cassiem appeared in all ten of their matches during the season.

Despite initially signing a contract to join Kimberley-based side Griquas prior to the 2016 season, he was included in the training squad of Super Rugby side the Cheetahs and it was later confirmed that he would remain with them for the entire 2016 season.

On 29 May 2018, Cassiem would leave South Africa to sign for Welsh region Scarlets in the Pro14 from the 2018-19 season.

On 4 April 2021, Cassiem would travel to France to join with Bayonne in the Prod2 competition from the 2021-22 season.

References

External links

South African rugby union players
Living people
1990 births
Golden Lions players
Falcons (rugby union) players
Pumas (Currie Cup) players
Rugby union flankers
People from the Western Cape
South Africa international rugby union players
Cheetahs (rugby union) players
Free State Cheetahs players
Scarlets players
Aviron Bayonnais players
Rugby union players from the Western Cape

Uzair Cassiem


Darch is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Wanneroo approximately  north of the central business district. Previously part of Landsdale, much of the suburb was rural in character until the late 1990s. It was named after an early settler family in the area, with the name being approved in 1997. The area was subsequently opened to residential development, especially from 2001 onwards, as part of Cell 6 of the East Wanneroo Development Area.

Schools
Darch contains four schools – Ashdale Primary School, opened in 2005 with 243 pre-school and 596 primary students as of Semester 2, 2008; Kingsway Christian College, a non-denominational Christian school founded in 1983, initially known as Northern Districts Christian College; Landsdale Farm School, an education support school developed for students with disabilities; and Ashdale Secondary College, which opened in 2009 for the suburb's high school students, and is located on Westport Parade across from Ashdale Primary School and close to Kingsway Christian College.

The suburb contains several small residential parks as well as Landsdale Park, a bushland reserve with interpretative signage. Residents are served for shopping needs by the Darch Plaza shopping centre, and the larger Kingsway City Shopping Centre to the west.

The suburb is serviced by two Transperth bus routes, all operated by Swan Transit. The route 450, running along Kingsway, links to Warwick railway station; whilst the 374 route, which enters the suburb and serves the central section, travel via Evandale Road, links to Mirrabooka bus station and Whitfords railway station. All termini offer services to central Perth.

References

Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs of the City of Wanneroo

Darch, Western Australia


Radioshow is а cult Lithuanian black comedy radio and TV show hosted by Algis Ramanauskas and Rimas Šapauskas. It is also the name of their humorous rock band. Radioshow has started at radio station Radiocentras in 1992. Later it has moved to the radio station Ultra Vires. In 1995 Radioshow debuted as a comedy puppet show on TV at LNK station. From 1997 till 1999 Radioshow was running at BTV TV station. In 2004 it briefly ran on Vilnius radio station Užupio radijas before being shut down, because of swearing on the air. However the show was immediately picked up by the regional radio station Vox Maris.

Controversy

Because of the constant taboo breaking, swearing and making fun of the symbols of national pride, Radioshow was often criticized by the conservative media and the older generation. Music critic Viktoras Gerulaitis has stated, that "These guys are sowing the seed of Satan, and it seems there is no-one that could stop them". This quote was later sampled into the song by Algis Ramanauskas' band Svastikos Sukitės Greitai. It is ironic, that today Algis Ramanauskas is a member of the conservative Homeland Union party.
Another controversy was caused in 1995 by the obscene album Unplugged attributed to Radioshow. However Algis Ramanauskas denied his authorship and claimed, that it was a bootleg made by the imitators.

Characters

Main characters

Bronius
Bronius is approaching retirement age and is full of sentiments to the Soviet era. He often refers to programming of the Russian TV and Belarusian radio and television. He is annoyed by modern Lithuania - he has some command of English but uses it mostly to communicate disgust with all things Western. Bronius has a dirty mind and a dirty mouth and enjoys sexual innuendo and filthy fantasies, particularly those involving TV celebrities, which he describes with considerable inspiration and lewd detail. Bronius is a character voiced by Algis Greitai.

Česlovas
Česlovas is a former teacher. Česlovas' looks resemble former speaker of the Lithuanian Parliament social democrat Česlovas Juršėnas. This character is married and has two daughters (Sigutė and Akvilė), but despite that he often displays random acts of latent homosexuality, as the most of Radioshow characters do. Česlovas is voiced by Rimas Šapauskas.

Albinas
Albinas, also referred to as Senis (), is a 100-year-old man of far-right nationalistic beliefs. His claim that he was born in the mountains of Scotland is a reference to the TV series The Highlander. Albinas makes frequent references to his pre-war memories.

Zbygniewas
Zbygniewas is a character of Polish ethnicity, speaking Lithuanian with a heavily inflicted Russian accent. Zbygniewas claims to hail from Nemenčinė, a town near capital Vilnius with large predominance of Polish, Belarusian and Russian population. In his younger days he was a hippie and used to read Kafka. His career included a stint at as a communal heating boiler attendant, a choice occupation for rebellious intellectuals in the former Soviet Union, and also at a mortuary, which involved a sexual encounter with a dead female body, which Zbygniewas discusses with great reluctance. He is voiced by Algis Ramanauskas-Greitai.

Igorj
Russian speaking character voiced by Rimas Šapauskas.

Mindaugas, later - Budulis
Coarse-voiced, aggressive young Lithuanian gangster guided by values and rules of Russian prison life ("paniatkes") and making frequent references to his encounters with the law enforcement authorities. This character underwent some changes and is currently known as Budulis. He is discernible from a blackened mouth and a track suit worn on a permanent basis. In later episodes of the show, Budulis makes references to his work as a labourer in Ireland. (voiced by Rimas Šapauskas)

Filadelfijus
Filadelfijus is a young incompetent journalist. His name originates from a motion picture title Philadelphia. In the beginning he was speaking in a high-pitched voice, hinting that he might be homosexual. However, in the later shows unprofessional babbling and not the allusions to his homosexuality became his distinctive mark. Filadelfijus is voiced by Rimas Šapauskas.

Minor characters
Mindė - nationalist character (animated pig's head); Vanga - Bulgarian  prophetess (animated portrait of Lithuanian writer Žemaitė, taken from one Litas banknote); Dujokaukė Kiulamae - Estonian character always speaking derogaratively about the Lithuanians (his name translates into English from Lithuanian as "Gas Mask" and the surname is of the former BC Žalgiris Estonian basketball player Gert Kullamäe; Slavik from Maladzechna; Almantas, a gay type.

Discography

1996 Plugged
2001 Underground
2001 Raštai
2005 Kronikos #1
2005 Kronikos #2

See also
Baltish

References

External links
 Steinberger Guitar Community

Lithuanian radio programs
Lithuanian television series
Television shows featuring puppetry
BTV (Lithuania) original programming
LNK (television station) original programming

Radioshow


The European Community Monitor Mission Medal is a medal which recognizes service with the European Community Monitor Mission in the former Yugoslavia which ran from 1991-2007.  The mission came about as part of the Brijuni Agreement of 8 July 1991, which ended hostilities between Slovenia and Yugoslavia.  This mission was to monitor the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from Slovenia.  As the conflict spread, so did the mission to monitor in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Criteria
The medal was awarded for at least 21 days of continuous, or 30 days of cumulative service within the theatre of operations.  For those members of the mission who are killed while assigned to the monitor mission, there is no minimum period of service.  The medal would be awarded posthumously.

Appearance
The medal is round, silver in color and 36mm in diameter.  The obverse  depicts twelve stars, in relief,  around the outer edge with a raised rim.  The center portrays a map of former Yugoslavia with the words "EC Monitor Mission"
or "EC Task Force" in the centre. The reverse shows a dove, in flight, with an olive branch in its beak.

References

Orders, decorations, and medals of the European Union
Campaign medals
Ten-Day War
Slovenia and the European Union
Awards established in 1991
Awards disestablished in 2000


Andreas Birkmann  (born 14 August 1939) is a German politician, representative of the German Christian Democratic Union. He has served as Justice Minister of Thüringen.

Birkmann obtained a doctorate in 1967 in Cologne and served as a judge at the Federal Court in Karlsruhe. In 1991 he joined the State Chancellery of the Free State of Thuringia. From 1995 he was State Secretary in the Thuringian Ministry of Finance.

Birkmann was the 1999 Minister of Justice of the Free State of Thuringia. After his retirement from the state government in 2002, he was co-owner of the law firm of Tank, Feber and Birkmann in Karlsruhe. Since 1 January 2008 he has been in the partner company Spilker & Collegen

Birkmann is a member of the city council of Gernsbach, and is Deputy Chairman of the CDU and member of the Board of the urban community of the CDU in Gernsbach.

He is a member of the Multiple Sclerosis Society (DMSG) in the State of Thuringia. He chaired the board from 1995 to 2003.

See also
List of German Christian Democratic Union politicians

References

Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
1939 births
Living people

Andreas Birkmann


Notre Dame Educational Association, Inc. (NDEA) is a network of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines, under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary, owned and administered by:

History
It had its beginnings in 1941 when the Oblates Fathers, who had been asked by the Church to take over the ministry for the people of the then empire province of Cotabato, as well as the Sulu Archipelago, founded a school in Midsayap, which they named Notre Dame on the suggestion of  Fr. Joseph Boyd, OMI. Hence, in July 1941, Notre Dame Academy, now known as Notre Dame of Midsayap College, in Midsayap opened its doors. It was the first Notre Dame school, which grew to over 190 and form the Notre Dame Educational Association.

After the war, communities of migrants from elsewhere in the Philippines, mainly the Ilocos region and the Visayan islands, settled in various parts of the empire province.  The national government then was only able to provide elementary education opportunities for such communities, but the migrants saw the need for more schooling for their young ones beyond the elementary level.  The Oblate Fathers and the other religious congregations, who came to the empire province to minister mainly to the spiritual needs of the migrants who were mostly Catholic, responded by opening secondary schools and, where feasible, colleges in these communities.  This was also done in the Sulu Archipelago as the native populace began to realize the value of formal education. In all instances, the name given to the schools so founded was also Notre Dame. Further emphasizing this early spirit of oneness was the use of a common school uniform for the students and the same school hymn.

Thus begun the commitment to serve the educational needs of the region and its younger educational needs of the region and its younger generations under the banner and inspiration of Notre Dame. In the 1950s they worked together to hold annual athletic competitions, the Notre Dame Meets, which was at that time one of the biggest event in the region.

In 1962 the  Superintendent of Catholic schools in the diocese (which then included both the empire province of Cotabato and the Sulu archipelago) directed the heads of the various Notre Dame schools to have a series of meetings to discuss common needs and problems and ways in which they can cooperatively meet these.

The most popular Notre Dame schools are Notre Dame of Dadiangas University, Notre Dame of Marbel University, Notre Dame University and Notre Dame of Greater Manila.

References

College and university associations and consortia in the Philippines
Associations of schools
Educational institutions established in 1963
1963 establishments in the Philippines
Marist Brothers schools
Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate

Notre Dame Educational Association


The Adelphoi was a wooden barque built in Sunderland, UK, that spent most of her working life in Australian waters. She was wrecked off Port Hacking, Australia, in 1879.

Service history

1865-74

1874-75
The Adelphoi seems to have first made its way into Australian waters in 1874 via Java, leaving Cherilbon on 1 October with a full cargo of sugar. The vessel then arrived in Melbourne and began discharging and receiving cargo at the Sandridge town pier.

In January 1875, the vessel was put up for sale by MacFarlan, Blyth, and Co. Upon her sale in June, the master made his return to London via the Northumberland.

1876-79
On 19 May 1876, the Adelphoi sailed from Newcastle, New South Wales harbour for Lyttelton, New Zealand and arrived on 9 June 1876. In September 1876 it was reported that the Adelphoi and Natal Queen were loading at Lyttelton and bound for Melbourne, with 10,000 bags of oats.

On 15 December 1876, the Adelphoi arrived back at her new home port at Newcastle harbour. She made several more trips between Newcastle and Lyttelton over the course of the next three years.

Shipwreck event
On the morning of 21 December 1879, the Adolphoi was bound from Adelaide to Newcastle when she struck a reef about a mile off Port Hacking. The hold quickly began to fill up with water, and the captain and crew were forced to abandon the ship. They took to the lifeboats, and reached Port Hacking without incident.

W H Gregory, the master of the Adelphoi, was called upon to show why his certificate should not be suspended or cancelled for his error in navigating the barque so close to land. The master claimed that it would have been useless to anchor and that he did everything he could to save the vessel. He claimed he had been a careful navigator for upward of 19 years. The board considered the matter and could not overlook the fact that the barque might have been kept further from shore, and the anchor dropped. They decided to suspend Captain Gregory's certificate for three months from the time of the wreck.

The Adelphoi was insured with the New Zealand Insurance Company for £2,000. The vessel was in ballast.

References

Shipwrecks of the Southern Sydney Region
Ships built on the River Wear
1865 ships
Maritime incidents in December 1879
1871–1900 ships of Australia
Merchant ships of Australia
Barquentines of Australia

Adelphoi (1865)


Georges Prêtre (; 14 August 1924 – 4 January 2017) was a French orchestral and opera conductor.

Biography
Prêtre was born in Waziers (Nord), and attended the Douai Conservatory and then studied harmony under Maurice Duruflé and conducting under André Cluytens among others at the Conservatoire de Paris. Amongst his early musical interests were jazz and trumpet.  After graduating, he conducted in a number of small French opera houses sometimes under the pseudonym Georges Dherain.  His conducting debut was at the Opéra de Marseille in 1946.  He also conducted at the opera houses in Lille and Toulouse.  His Paris debut was at the Opéra-Comique in Richard Strauss's Capriccio.  He was director of the Opéra-Comique 1955–1959.  He conducted at the Lyric Opera of Chicago 1959–1971.  He was conductor, 1959, and music director 1970–1971, at the Paris Opéra.  He was principal conductor of the Vienna Symphony 1986–1991.

His Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, debut came in 1965, with first appearances at the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, and La Scala, Milan, also coming in the same decade. He worked with Maria Callas on a number of occasions, and made recordings of Carmen and Tosca with her.

Aside from opera, Prêtre was best known for performances of French music, having conducted long and difficult works like Debussy's La mer and Ravel's Daphnis et Chloé without a score (i.e. from memory). He is especially associated with Francis Poulenc, giving the premiere of his opera La voix humaine at the Opéra-Comique in 1959 and the first performance in France of his Sept répons des ténèbres in 1963. In 1999 he gave a series of concerts in Paris to celebrate the centenary of Poulenc's birth. In 1988 Marcel Landowski dedicated his Fourth Symphony to Prêtre.  To many music lovers, however, Prêtre's name will forever be associated with the 1959 world premiere of Joseph Jongen's Symphonie Concertante for Organ and Orchestra, Op. 81, with Virgil Fox and the Paris Opera Orchestra. Eclectic musician, he also conducted in Vienna, in 1962, L'Opéra d'Aran by Gilbert Bécaud.

He conducted the La Scala Orchestra in Franco Zeffirelli's 1982 film versions of Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana and Leoncavallo's Pagliacci. Both films starred Plácido Domingo. In 2009, at the age of 85, he returned to these two Italian operas in the Roman amphitheater at Orange, for televised performances starring Roberto Alagna.

Prêtre conducted the Vienna New Year's Concert twice, in 2008 and in 2010, the only French conductor to have been appointed for this role.

Prêtre married Gina Marny in 1950, and they had two children (one son, one daughter). Interests included riding, swimming, aviation, judo, and karate.

Prêtre died in France on 4 January 2017, aged 92. He had a home in Navès (Tarn), near Castres.

Awards
 Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1982)
 Grand Officier of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1991)
 Europa Prize (1982)
 Honorary Conductor of the Vienna Symphony (Austria, 1991)
 Victoire de la Musique Award (for best conductor, 1997)
 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2004)
 Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur (France, 2009)

Further reading
 International Dictionary of Opera.  St. James Press, 1993
 International Who's Who.  2004

References

External links

 Kurier.at

1924 births
2017 deaths
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
French male conductors (music)
Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
Musicians from Nord (French department)
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
20th-century French conductors (music)
21st-century French conductors (music)
20th-century French male musicians
21st-century French male musicians

Georges Prêtre


Larry Samuelson (born April 2, 1953) is the A. Douglas Melamed Professor of Economics at Yale University and one of the faculty of the Cowles Foundation of Yale University.

Samuelson earned his B.A. in economics/political science from the University of Illinois in 1974. He continued on with the University of Illinois for both his master's degree in 1977 and his PhD in 1978—both in economics.

He has previously held faculty positions at the University of Florida, Syracuse University, Penn State and the University of Wisconsin.

He has made significant contributions to microeconomic theory and game theory.  Areas of specialization include the theory of repeated games and the evolutionary foundations of economic behavior.

Samuelson has served on the editorial boards of Games and Economic Behavior, the International Journal of Game Theory, Economic Theory, the Journal of Economic Theory, Theoretical Economics, the Journal of Economic Literature, and Econometrica.  He has served as a co-editor of Econometrica and the American Economic Review.

References

External links

1953 births
Living people
Yale University faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Syracuse University faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Game theorists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Larry Samuelson


Kampen mod uretten is a 1949 Danish drama film directed by Ole Palsbo, and written by Leck Fischer, based on the novel by Sven Sabroe. The film starred Karin Nellemose and Mogens Wieth. Both received Bodil Awards for their roles, with Nellemose receiving Bodil Award for Best Actress and Wieth winning Bodil Award for Best Actor. It is a social culture film about Peter Sabroe's fight for the well being of children.

Cast
Mogens Wieth as Peter Sabroe
Karin Nellemose as Thyra Sabroe
Albert Luther as Kancelliråd Møller
Ellen Margrethe Stein as Fru Møller
Vera Gebuhr as Fanny
Paul Holck-Hofmann as Redaktør
Carl Heger as Murersvend Nielsen
Grethe Thordahl as Mathilde Nielsen
Pouel Kern as Lars Mortensen
Betty Helsengreen as Petra Mortensen
Sigurd Langberg as Forpagter
Ib Schønberg as Drengehjemsforstander
Preben Lerdorff Rye as Opsynsmand Hansen
Louis Miehe-Renard as Niels
Aage Fønss as Bestyrelsesformand
Lily Broberg as Hushjælpen Anna
Gunnar Lemvigh as Bagermester Eriksen
Tove Bang as Fru Eriksen
Hans Egede Budtz as Læge
Christen Møller
Kjeld Petersen
Victor Montell
Edith Hermansen
Olaf Ussing
Johannes Marott
Henry Nielsen
Elith Foss
Gunnar Strømvad
Thorkil Lauritzen
Bjørn Watt-Boolsen
Valdemar Skjerning
Tavs Neiiendam
Ove Sprogøe

External links

1940s Danish-language films
1949 films
Danish drama films
1949 drama films
Danish black-and-white films

Kampen mod uretten


John Bradley Houser (September 7, 1960 – July 24, 2023) was an American bass guitar, baritone saxophone and bass clarinet player, originally from Dallas, Texas. He was a co-founding member of the New Bohemians, later to become known as Edie Brickell & New Bohemians. He also co-founded Critters Buggin (of Seattle, Washington) with fellow New Bohemian Matt Chamberlain, Mike Dillon, and Skerik.

In 2006 he stated, "In Austin I play with the Patrice Pike Band, Steve Wedemeyer, Colin Brooks, Oliver Rajamani, Zydeco Blanco, and The Summer Wardrobe..." In 2008 he could be seen playing with Mingtones (Laura Scarborough) and BoomboxATX in Austin, Texas. BoomboxATX debut Feel the Boombox was released 2007.

Houser is credited on recordings by other Austin-based artists such as Aimee Bobruk (2006), OHN (2005), and Mastica (2002).  He rejoined members of Critters Buggin for Black Frames Solarallergy (2003) and for Stampede (2005). In 2006 he reunited with Edie Brickell & New Bohemians to release Stranger Things.

Also Houser toured with Skerik and Mike Dillon. In October 2009 the trio released a CD Bewildered Herd.

Houser also co-designed a line of bass guitars with Reverend Guitars named the "Brad Houser 5".

In January 2019, Houser unveiled a new collaboration with Reverend Guitars -- the Reverend Basshouser Fatfish 32.

Houser died from a stroke on July 24, 2023, at the age of 62.

References

External links
Brad Houser on Myspace
Introducing The reverend Brad Houser Bass

1960 births
2023 deaths
American bass guitarists
American saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American clarinetists
Musicians from Dallas
Edie Brickell & New Bohemians members
Guitarists from Texas
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American saxophonists
American male bass guitarists
21st-century clarinetists

Brad Houser


The SW99 rendition of the popular Walther P99 was the product of a joint collaboration between Smith & Wesson and Walther. The modified receiver used in the SW99 is supplied by Walther and is manufactured in Germany. Smith & Wesson manufactures the slide and barrel of the SW99 in the United States. Though there are slight variations in aesthetic design, the function of the SW99 is identical to its German-made counterpart.

Description
The Smith & Wesson SW99 is a modern, polymer frame pistol that is nearly identical to the Walther P99. The SW99 features an internal striker, as opposed to the classical external hammer. It is chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP. The pistol lacks a manual safety; instead a de-cocking button is placed on the top rear section of the slide, which when actuated, places the firearm into double-action mode. This mechanism differs with each variation of the action as explained below. The SW99 features several safety features including a loaded chamber indicator on the right side of the slide, a protruding, red-painted cocking indicator, and a drop safety. As with the P99, the cocking indicator does not protrude from the slide of the QA variant unless the weapon is fired, as it is in a constant partially cocked state. The SW99 also features a fully supported chamber design, which leaves no portion of the chambered round exposed. Because of this there is less chance of casing head rupture, reducing risk of injury to the shooter and/or destruction of the pistol.

The unique and ergonomic grip of this pistol was designed by the renowned Swiss match pistol grip designer, Cesare Morini. Much like the P99, the pistol comes with three varying rear grip inserts designed to accommodate various hand shapes and sizes; this feature permits most shooters a comfortable and efficient grip on the firearm. Design differences between the P99 and SW99 are most notable on the frame of the pistol; the grip and trigger guard both have a slightly different shape. The slide is somewhat different as well, offering serrations in both the front and rear of the slide, while the P99 only has them on the rear. The most prominent distinction between the two firearms is that the SW99 is available in .45 ACP, while the P99 is not.

Variants

SW99

This version of the pistol has a double/single action; it shares the same "Anti-Stress" trigger action as the P99 AS.

SW99O
The SW99O variant does not incorporate a de-cocking button as the other models do. The firearm is in a constant double-action mode, and the trigger has the same long heavy trigger pull as the SW99 in double action mode, and will reset as such with each cycle. This firearm can be compared to the P99 DAO/P990.

SW99 QA & SW990L
The SW99 QA and SW990L feature a shorter and lighter trigger pull. The action can be compared to those of Glock pistols. Unlike the standard SW99, the de-cocking button found on the SW99 QA need only be actuated before take-down, as doing so renders the firearm inoperable.  The later production SW990L eliminated the de-cocking button, but otherwise, the trigger pull and trigger reset of the SW99 QA and the SW990L are both the Quick Action type.

SW99C
The compact version of the SW99.

References

External links

 Smith & Wesson SW99 Safety & Instruction Manual

Smith & Wesson semi-automatic pistols
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols
.45 ACP semi-automatic pistols
Semi-automatic pistols of the United States
Semi-automatic pistols of Germany
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1999

Smith & Wesson SW99


Little Accident is a 1939 American comedy film directed by Charles Lamont and written by Paul Yawitz and Eve Greene. It is very loosely based on the 1928 play Little Accident by Floyd Dell and Thomas Mitchell, mostly retaining just its title. The film stars Hugh Herbert, Florence Rice, Richard Carlson, Ernest Truex, Joy Hodges, Kathleen Howard, Howard Hickman, Edgar Kennedy, Etienne Girardot and Fritz Feld. The film was released on October 27, 1939, by Universal Pictures.

Plot
On the day before his second wedding, a man finds out that his bride-to-be has had a baby.

Cast
Hugh Herbert as Herbert Pearson
Florence Rice as Alice Pearson
Richard Carlson as Perry Allerton
Ernest Truex as Tabby Morgan
Joy Hodges as Joan Huston
Kathleen Howard as Mrs. Allerton
Howard Hickman as Mr. Allerton
Edgar Kennedy as Paper Hanger
Etienne Girardot as Professor Artemus Glenwater
Fritz Feld as Malisse
Charles D. Brown as Jeff Collins
Baby Sandy as Sandy

Critical reception
Variety wrote that although the movie "displays cute smile and antics of Baby Sandy, combining some elemental and slapstick comedy sequences by Hugh Herbert and
adult members of the cast, but all on a rather inconsequential story that serves nothing more than as an excuse for the individual situations and that "as an attraction, Little Accident will suffice as supporter in the family houses, lacking story strength to get attention above that slot."

References

External links

1939 films
American comedy films
1939 comedy films
Universal Pictures films
Films directed by Charles Lamont
American black-and-white films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films

Little Accident (film)


The Mudrika Seva (Ring Road bus service) is one of the most popular bus routes in Delhi, India.  Started by the Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC), it is now operated by both the DTC and private operators.

Mudrika Seva is based on the Delhi ring road with major stops at AIIMS, Lajpat Nagar, Sarai Kale Khan, ITO, Delhi Gate, Kashmiri Gate, Delhi University North Campus, Model Town, Azadpur Market, Shalimar Bagh, Punjabi Bagh, Britannia Factory, Rajouri Garden, Naraina, and Delhi University South Campus.

A variant of this route, the Teevra (fast) Mudrika plies via Sarai Kale Khan, instead of passing through Nizamuddin Dargah and Pragati Maidan to join the Ring Road at Indraprastha Depot. This service has a very high frequency and a lifeline for many commuters. It also is the second longest route operated by Delhi Transport Cooperation.

The Outer Mudrika Service (OMS) is the longest route operated by Delhi Transport Cooperation. It covers the distant parts of Delhi. It has its major stops at Anand Vihar ISBT, Laxmi Nagar, Akshardham, NH 24, Sarai Kale Khan, Ashram, Kalkaji, Okhla, Sangam Vihar, Ambedkar Nagar, Saket, Munirka, R.K. Puram, Dhaula Kuan, Janak Puri, Uttam Nagar, Peeragarhi, Pitampura, Mukarba Chowk, Burari, Wazirabad, Bhajanpura, Yamuna Vihar, Dilshad Garden and back to Anand Vihar. It takes almost 6 hours to complete this circular Trip. The total distance covered is 110 km.

The Yamuna Mudrika Service (YMS) is a circular bus route operated by Delhi Transport Cooperation in East Delhi (Trans Yamuna). The route originates from Mori Gate Terminal and terminates at Mori Gate after completing a round trip. The major stops include Mori Gate, Shashtri Park, Geeta colony, Ganesh Nagar, Mayur Vihar, Trilokpuri, Kalyanpuri, Anand Vihar ISBT, Seemapuri, Nand Nagari, Yamuna Vihar, Bhajanpura and back to Mori Gate.

References

Transport in Delhi

Mudrika Seva


A ducat is a gold coin that was used for trade in Europe until World War I. The first ducat was made in silver by Roger II of Sicily in 1140. In 1284 the Republic of Venice started making the gold ducat which came to be widely used. The value of a ducat at the beginning of the 20th century was nine shillings and fourpence or a little more than four United States dollars.

References

Former currencies of Europe
1140 establishments
1140s establishments in Europe
Coins

Ducat


The DinoHunters is an advertisement-supported first-person shooter and machinima series created by Kuma Reality Games. Using Valve's Source for its engine, The Dinohunters is distributed in free downloadable episodes for the PC. The first episode was released in 2006 through Kuma Reality Games' game client. Accompanying comedic machinima movies were also created to bring the player closer to the world of The DinoHunters, as well as advertise for The Dinohunters real life sponsors such as Schick, which was replaced later by Jeep (in levels, there are S.U.V.s that have license plates that say Jeep on them).

The story of The DinoHunters is centered on a fictitious reality show on the Total Hunting Channel and sends a crew of washed up celebrities into the past to hunt dinosaurs for sport and big ratings. The crew consists of Australian stunt-man and actor Roger Wallaby, country singer Harlan Davis, native New Yorker Shaw, and their sexpot producer Candace "Candy" Spencer.

The DinoHunters is one of the pioneers in the advergaming space of the video game industry. For its first episodes Kuma Reality Games partnered with Schick to promote its Schick Quattro Razor. Kuma Reality Games uses partnerships like this to also keep their other published games free: Kuma\War and The History Channel's ShootOut!: The Game.

Gameplay
The DinoHunters is a first-person shooter that uses Valve's Source engine. Featuring single- and multiplayer modes, the game features a variety of different weapons and enemies for the player to encounter. The DinoHunters currently features 6 playable episodes and 6 machinima episodes. New free episodes are released periodically.

Machinima
Along with the game, The DinoHunters is also a machinima series.

References

External links
The DinoHunters official website
Kuma Reality Games

2006 video games
Advergames
Video games about dinosaurs
Episodic video games
First-person shooters
Machinima works
Windows games
Windows-only games
Windows-only freeware games
Source (game engine) games
Video games developed in the United States

The DinoHunters


TV5 (also known as 5 and formerly known as ABC) is a Philippine free-to-air television and radio network. It is headquartered in Mandaluyong, with alternate studios located in Novaliches, Quezon City. TV5 serves as the flagship property of TV5 Network, Inc., which is owned by MediaQuest Holdings, the multimedia arm of PLDT, a telecommunications company. The network is commonly referred to as "The Kapatid Network", using the Filipino term for "sibling", a branding introduced in 2010.

TV5 derives its name from its flagship station in Metro Manila, DWET-TV, which broadcasts on VHF Channel 5 for analog transmission, UHF Channel 18 for digital transmission, and UHF Channel 51 for digital test transmission (licensed to TV5's sister company, Mediascape/Cignal TV). In addition to DWET-TV, TV5 operates seven other owned-and-operated stations and has nine affiliate television stations. Its programming is available on cable and satellite TV providers nationwide. TV5's content is also accessible outside the Philippines through Kapatid Channel and AksyonTV International.

History

The early years (1960–1972)
Joaquin "Chino" Roces, the owner of the Manila Times, obtained a radio-TV franchise through Republic Act 2945 from Congress on June 19, 1960. He went on to establish the Associated Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), with its initial studios located along Pasong Tamo. ABC's first radio stations were DZMT 1100 kHz, DZTM 1380 kHz, and DZWS 1070 kHz. ABC became the fourth television network in the Philippines when it launched DZTM-TV Channel 5. From 1960 to September 23, 1972, ABC operated both radio and television services.

However, on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand E. Marcos declared Martial Law, resulting in the forced shutdown of ABC and the Manila Times. Other networks like ABS-CBN, RBS, MBC, and RMN–IBC also had their radio and television broadcasts halted as a result of martial law.

After the People Power Revolution in 1986, Chino Roces successfully advocated for the network's reinstatement with President Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino. While ABS-CBN reopened in the same year, ABC did not resume operations until it conducted a test broadcast in 1991 and officially reopened in 1992. Chino Roces died in 1988, but his son Edgardo Roces played a key role in reopening the network.

Following Chino Roces's death, new stakeholders led by broadcast veteran Edward Tan and Edgardo Roces worked towards resuming broadcasts. They obtained approval from the Securities and Exchange Commission for an increase in capitalization and amendments to ABC's articles of incorporation and by-laws. Subsequently, they were granted a permit to operate by the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC).

The return and growth (1992–2003)
ABC completed the construction of its studio complex and transmitter tower in San Bartolome, Novaliches, Quezon City in 1990. Test broadcasts began at the end of 1991, featuring documentaries from Japan. On February 21, 1992, the network officially returned to the air as the Associated Broadcasting Company (ABC). The flagship station adopted the callsign DWET-TV, and the corporate name became Associated Broadcasting Company, using the initial "C" instead of "Corporation" as the corporate initial. This change reflected the new management of the revived network.

On December 9, 1994, ABC obtained a new 25-year franchise through Republic Act 7831, signed by President Fidel Valdez Ramos. In the same year, ABC launched nationwide satellite broadcasting. The network experienced rapid growth and earned a reputation as "The Fastest Growing Network" under the leadership of network executive Tina Monzon-Palma, who served as Chief Operating Officer.

In 2001, ABC started producing local versions of popular game shows, including The Price Is Right (hosted by Dawn Zulueta, later acquired by ABS-CBN), Wheel of Fortune (hosted by Rustom Padilla, later acquired by ABS-CBN), and Family Feud (hosted by Ogie Alcasid, later acquired by GMA Network, then by ABS-CBN, and eventually returned to GMA). This move came during a period of game show popularity among Philippine networks, influenced by the success of IBC's Philippine editions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (hosted by Christopher de Leon, later transferred to TV5 and hosted by Vic Sotto) and The Weakest Link (hosted by Edu Manzano).

The Cojuangco era (2003–2008)
In June 2003, the joint consortium of Tan and Roces sold ABC TV and radio stations to a group led by businessman Antonio "Tonyboy" O. Cojuangco, Jr. Cojuangco, the former Chairman of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) and owner of Dream Satellite TV and Bank of Commerce, formally acquired the assets in October of the same year. Cojuangco became the president and CEO of ABC, with Jose T. Pardo, a former secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry, serving as the network's board chairman.

Under the new management, significant changes were introduced, including strengthening the news and public affairs division, modernizing broadcast equipment, and acquiring broadcast rights for Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) games. The network executives, led by Roberto Barreiro, also coined a new slogan, "Iba Tayo!" ("We're Different!"), during the "network wars" between ABS-CBN and GMA. ABC aimed to differentiate itself by offering fresh and distinct programming formats, targeting the growing middle to upper-class youth market. While implementing these changes, ABC continued to support the Family Rosary Crusade and featured the religious pre-identification campaign "Please Pray the Rosary" before its programs, although this gradually phased out during the network's programming revamp.

In 2005, ABC received the "Outstanding TV Station" award at the 2005 KBP Golden Dove Awards, and several programs on the network also received awards in their respective categories.

However, in early 2007, ABC implemented budget cuts that mainly affected its news department, resulting in significant layoffs and a diminished capacity for coverage. The cuts were implemented before the 2007 general elections.

In November 2007, ABC launched new sports programming, including NBA basketball, professional boxing, and WWE events, as part of a five-year deal with Solar Entertainment. However, due to high costs and poor ratings, these programs were gradually dropped throughout 2008. The NBA review show "House of Hoops" was cut back and eventually cancelled by April 2008. The PBA, which was previously aired on ABC, did not have its contract renewed and instead found a new home on RPNthrough a partnership with Solar Entertainment, leading to RPN's privatization by Solar in 2011.

First TV5 era (2008–2018)

ABC-MPB Primedia partnership (2008–2010)
In March 2008, Tonyboy Cojuangco announced a partnership between ABC and MPB Primedia Inc., a local company backed by Media Prima Berhad of Malaysia. The partnership was part of a long-term strategy to enhance ABC's competitiveness in the network wars between ABS-CBN and GMA. MPB Primedia Inc. was established as a seed asset for Media Prima's proposed private equity fund to invest in media companies in Southeast Asia. Under the agreement, MPB Primedia Inc. would produce and source entertainment programs, while ABC would continue to be responsible for news programming and station operation. MPB Primedia was granted exclusive rights to schedule and manage sales of ABC-5's airtime. Christopher Sy was appointed CEO of MPB Primedia, Inc. but resigned in January 2009 due to reported differences in management style.

ABC aired its final broadcast at around 22:00 PHT on August 8, 2008, with its late-night newscast Sentro as the last program. A countdown to the network's relaunch followed until 19:00 PHT the next day when it officially rebranded as TV5. The network retained its alternative programming lineup but aimed to cater to "progressive Pinoys, including those young at heart" from market classes C and D. TV5 unveiled its upgraded 120-kilowatt state-of-the-art stereo TV transmitter. Some ABC programs, such as Shall We Dance, Nick on TV5, Kerygma TV, Light Talk, and Sunday TV Mass, were carried over to TV5's lineup.

In December 2008, GMA Network, Citynet Television, and ZOE Broadcasting Network filed a lawsuit against ABC, MPB, and MPB Primedia, alleging that TV5's lease of airtime to Media Prima was an attempt to bypass regulations on foreign ownership of broadcasting companies. ABC's media relations head, Pat Marcelo-Magbanua, maintained that the network was a Filipino company that complied with local regulations.

Despite the lawsuit, TV5 experienced a ratings revival under the new management. Its audience share increased from 1.9% in May–June 2008 (before the rebranding) to 11.1% in September 2009.

Acquisition by PLDT, the Kapatid Network years (2010–2018)
On October 20, 2009, Media Prima announced its intention to divest its share in MPB Primedia / TV5, along with its affiliate ABC TV stations, and sell it to MediaQuest Holdings, the broadcasting division of PLDT. The decision was driven by the company's losses during the year. The acquisition was officially announced by Chairman Manuel V. Pangilinan on March 2, 2010. A new lineup of programming was introduced through a trade launch at the World Trade Center, and the network rebranded itself as the "Kapatid" ("sibling") network to compete with ABS-CBN and GMA Network. The acquisition did not include Dream FM and its affiliate stations, which remained under the management of the Cojuangco family. Instead, the Cojuangcos acquired a non-controlling share in Interactive Broadcast Media to continue operating the stations, which collectively became known as the Dream FM Network. However, Dream FM ceased operations in June 2011, with its flagship Manila station sold to Ultrasonic Broadcasting System and relaunched as Energy FM.

On October 1, 2010, TV5 took over the management of MediaQuest's Nation Broadcasting Corporation (NBC) stations. DWFM was relaunched as Radyo5 92.3 News FM (now 92.3 Radyo5 True FM), a TV5-branded news radio station, on November 8, 2010. DWNB-TV was rebranded as AksyonTV on February 21, 2011, a news channel based on TV5's newscast Aksyon. TV5 experienced success and outranked GMA Network to become the second most-watched network in key cities in Visayas and Mindanao, including Iloilo, Cebu, Bacolod, Davao, and Cagayan de Oro. It even shared the top spot with ABS-CBN in General Santos.

On December 23, 2013, TV5 began broadcasting from its new headquarters, the TV5 Media Center located in Reliance, Mandaluyong.

In 2014, ABC Development Corporation acquired the Filipino broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics, 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Despite financial struggles, TV5 remained one of the top three television networks in the country, with a strong following among male and younger viewers. The network's programming, such as the PBA via Sports5 and the TV5 Kids block, contributed to its popularity. TV5 celebrated its fifth anniversary under the management of Manny V. Pangilinan with a trade launch of 2015 shows at the Sofitel Philippine Plaza on November 26, 2014.

TV5 started each year with a New Year's Eve countdown called "Happy sa [year]" at the Quezon Memorial Circle, a tradition that continued until 2017.

In 2015, the network changed its corporate name from ABC Development Corporation to TV5 Network, Inc.

However, the network faced increasing losses and debts due to a decline in advertisers and the impact of digitalization. This led to a series of employee layoffs, with the biggest retrenchment occurring in September 2015. TV5's in-house entertainment division faced dissolution, and its Chief Entertainment Content Officer, Wilma Galvante, concluded her consultancy contract. The network's workforce decreased from 4,000 employees in 2013 and 2014 to approximately 900 employees as of late 2021.

Unable to produce original content until 2020, TV5 appointed Vicente "Vic" Del Rosario, CEO of Viva Entertainment, as the network's Chief Entertainment Strategist. Changes were implemented in TV5's entertainment programming, including the formation of the Viva-TV5 joint venture Sari-Sari Channel and the outsourcing of Viva Television for entertainment shows. The partnership was announced at a trade launch in Bonifacio Global City, Taguig on November 25, 2015. However, several of the new shows were cancelled due to lack of advertisement support and poor ratings. TV5 renewed its partnership with Viva Entertainment in October 2020, focusing on local versions of foreign programming and TV remakes of Viva classic films.

From January 2016 until December 31, 2018, TV5 and Cignal, through Hyper, served as the official free-to-air and pay television partners, respectively, for the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in the Philippines.

In July 2016, TV5 started airing selected programs from MTV and MTV International as part of a deal with Viacom International Media Networks. The new MTV on TV5 block included shows like Catfish, Ridiculousness, and Ex on the Beach.

On September 8, 2016, TV5 cancelled its locally produced programs Aksyon Bisaya and Aksyon Dabaw due to cost-cutting measures. However, the personnel remained employed to continue filing reports for the national edition of Aksyon.

TV5 President and CEO Emmanuel "Noel" C. Lorenzana stepped down on September 30, 2016, and was replaced by basketball coach and Sports5/D5 Studio head Vicente "Chot" Reyes. Following Reyes' appointment, the network announced a retrenchment of approximately 200 employees as part of TV5's digitalization efforts.

In April 2017, TV5 acquired the rights to air WWE programming after Fox Philippines decided not to renew its contract with the WWE.

On October 12, 2017, TV5 Network announced its partnership with ESPN, obtaining the licensing rights for PBA, UFC, PSL, and NFL, as well as access to ESPN programs and content. The partnership led to the formation of the ESPN5 brand, which aired on TV5 and AksyonTV. The move was part of TV5's temporary shift from a general entertainment station to a sports and news channel.

The 5 Network era and reverting as TV5 (2018–2020)
On February 17, 2018, TV5 underwent a rebranding and was relaunched as The 5 Network or simply 5. The new logo featured the removal of the word "TV" and was designed to be more flexible for other divisions to use it as part of their own identity. The programming grid was divided into three blocks: ESPN5 for sports, News 5 for news programs, and On 5 for other content. Additionally, D5 Studio focused on digital content, while Studio 5 produced Filipino productions for various platforms. The Kapatid moniker was de-emphasized during this period and mainly used by News5 and ESPN5 for some programs. The network gradually phased out Filipino-dubbed movies and foreign-acquired programming, which had been a practice since 2008, while Disney programs and movies aired in their original audio until 2019.

On January 13, 2019, TV5 introduced a variation of its 2018 logo, which included the respective websites of the division producing the program as part of their on-screen graphics following the launch of 5 Plus.

On April 22, 2019, TV5 received a 25-year legislative franchise extension under Republic Act No. 11320. The law grants TV5 Network a franchise to construct, install, operate, and maintain, for commercial purposes, radio broadcasting stations and television stations, including digital television system, with the corresponding facilities such as relay stations, throughout the Philippines.

On June 3, 2019, Chot Reyes retired as TV5 President and CEO and was succeeded by Jane Basas, who also led pay-TV provider and radio company Cignal TV/Mediascape. Under Basas' leadership, the network outsourced news and sports programming from its co-owned Cignal channels, phased out daytime ESPN5 programs, and focused on archived entertainment programs and expanded movie blocks on 5 Plus. Future plans for the network included retaining existing news programs and sports content in primetime and reintroducing original entertainment programming through outsourcing. Perci Intalan returned as the head of programming in November.

On February 4, 2020, Robert P. Galang was appointed as the new president and CEO of TV5 Network and Cignal TV, replacing Basas. Basas, in turn, was appointed as the Chief Marketing Officer of Smart Communications.

On March 8, 2020, 5 Plus was relaunched as One Sports and the ESPN5 division was renamed and merged into the brand. The sports programming on 5 no longer carried the ESPN5 banner. The ESPN5 partnership continued online, with ESPN5.com serving as the sports portal of both One Sports and ESPN in the Philippines until October 13, 2021. TV5 Network announced on the same day that 5 would be rebranded as One TV, originally scheduled for April 13, 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the rebranding was postponed. In July 2020, the network announced that the rebranding would take place on July 20. However, due to negative reactions from viewers and fans, the network officially canceled the change on July 4. The network brought back the TV5 brand on July 20, 2020, and introduced new Filipino-dubbed series and more entertainment content during primetime.

On July 27, 2020, Cignal TV, TV5, and Smart Communications announced a multi-year deal with the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the league's official broadcast rights in the Philippines, replacing Solar Entertainment Corporation. The games during the 2019-2020 season were aired live on free-to-air networks TV5 and One Sports. This marked the return of the NBA to TV5 since the partnership between the then-ABC 5 and Solar Entertainment Corporation from 2007 to 2008.

Second TV5 era and collaboration with Cignal TV (2020–present)

On August 15, 2020, TV5 reverted to its former name, TV5, and announced a partnership with sister company Cignal TV to handle its programming. This partnership aimed to bring back the network's competitive edge and allow it to compete with other TV networks in the Philippines, including GMA Network. TV5 unveiled its first wave of entertainment programs produced by blocktimers such as Archangel Media, ContentCows Company, Inc., Luminus Productions, Inc., Viva Television, and Brightlight Productions. Additionally, shows from ABS-CBN that were affected by the network's franchise non-renewal were transferred to TV5. The network also expressed its willingness to hire displaced employees from ABS-CBN. In mid-September 2020, TV5 announced a second wave of programs for October, including shows produced by Viva Entertainment, Brightlight Productions, and News5.

On January 18, 2021, TV5 started carrying selected programming produced by ABS-CBN after the shutdown of its free-to-air network. TV5 simulcast Kapamilya Channel programming, including shows like ASAP Natin 'To, FPJ: Da King movie block, Kapamilya Gold and Primetime Bida lineup, and Magandang Buhay. This agreement was made between ABS-CBN, Cignal TV, and Brightlight Productions. TV5 introduced its revamped programming under the slogan "TV5 TodoMax," dividing programs into five blocks: TodoMax Kids, TodoMax Serbisyo (Idol in Action), TodoMax Panalo (afternoon programming lineup), TodoMax Primetime Singko, and TodoMax Weekend.

Following the programming revamp, TV5 became the second most-watched TV network in primetime TV ratings, according to the AGB-Nielsen survey. The network's strengthened primetime programs from ABS-CBN Entertainment and Cignal Entertainment contributed to this achievement.

On May 20, 2021, TV5 launched its new slogan "Iba sa 5" (It's different on 5) along with a new station jingle, station ID, and a darker red scheme for its 2019 logo. On July 1, 2022, the network introduced a new slogan, "Iba'ng Saya pag Sama-Sama" (The Fun is One of a Kind When We're Together), accompanied by a new station jingle and station ID.

In June 2022, ABS-CBN engaged in advanced talks with MediaQuest Holdings, TV5's parent company, to explore a partnership. This came after Advanced Media Broadcasting System, backed by the Villar Group, acquired ABS-CBN's former frequency and planned to launch as All TV 2. On August 10, 2022, ABS-CBN and MediaQuest Holdings signed a "convertible note agreement" for ABS-CBN's investment in TV5 Network, acquiring 34.99% of the company's common shares with an option to increase the stake to 49.92% within the next eight years. MediaQuest Holdings remained the controlling shareholder with 64.79% of TV5's common shares. Additionally, MediaQuest Holdings acquired a 38.88% minority stake of ABS-CBN's cable TV arm, Sky Cable Corporation, through Cignal TV, with an option to acquire an additional 61.12% of Sky Cable shares within the next eight years. However, the partnership agreement was terminated on September 1 following concerns from politicians and government agencies.

On January 31, 2023, Guido R. Zaballero was appointed as the president and CEO of TV5 Network, effective February 1, 2023. This appointment followed the retirement of Robert P. Galang, who had been leading Cignal TV and TV5 since 2020. Jane J. Basas assumed the role of president and CEO of Cignal TV while also serving as the president and CEO of MediaQuest, the holding company of TV5 and Cignal TV.

Transition to high-definition (2023)

On March 21, 2023, TV5 announced the launch of its main channel in high-definition (HD) feed, presented in a full-screen format, on Cignal TV. This development aimed to provide viewers with improved visual quality and enhanced viewing experience. The channel officially launched as TV5 HD on April 1, 2023.

Subsequently, on April 16, 2023, TV5 began broadcasting in anamorphic 16:9 aspect ratio on free-to-air digital television. This change allowed for a widescreen presentation, optimizing the viewing experience for viewers with compatible widescreen televisions.

Branding

Network identity
TV5, originally known as the Associated Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), has undergone various rebrandings throughout its history. Here is a summary of the network's branding changes:

Associated Broadcasting Corporation (1960–1972): Founded by Joaquin "Chino" Roces in 1960, ABC was forced to shut down in 1972 due to the declaration of Martial Law by President Marcos.
Associated Broadcasting Company (1992–2008): Fully restored in 1992 after being granted a new franchise, ABC was led by new stockholders Edward Tan and Edgardo Roces. Businessman Antonio O. Cojuangco Jr. acquired the company in 2003.
TV5 (first era; 2008–2018): Renamed as TV5 after entering a partnership with MPB Primedia, Inc., backed by the Malaysian media group Media Prima Berhad. In 2010, Media Prima divested its share to MediaQuest Holdings, Inc., owned by Manuel V. Pangilinan. The TV5 branding became obsolete when the network was relaunched as "5" on February 17, 2018.
5 (The 5 Network) (2018–2020): TV5 was rebranded as The 5 Network or simply 5 in 2018. The network utilized a numerical 5 logo and divided its programming grid into news, sports, and entertainment. However, the TV5 branding was still used for sign-on and sign-off messages, social media accounts, and selected program teasers. "The 5 Network" branding was retired on August 14, 2020, but the numerical 5 logo variant from 2019 was retained. The "5" naming was reinstated in 2021 for TV5's current slogan, "Iba sa 5".
One TV (canceled; 2020): Originally planned for rebranding on April 13, 2020, and later rescheduled for July 20, 2020, One TV was ultimately canceled due to viewer confusion and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, thus making the network reverting to the TV5 branding.
TV5 (second era; 2020–present): TV5 was officially restored as the network's full-time identity on August 15, 2020, coinciding with the return of local entertainment programs. The "TV5" word is commonly used for program teasers on TV, radio, and social media.

TV5 has used several logos throughout its history. Notable variations include the iconic cyclone logo used from the 1960s to 1995, the ABC logo with a yellow circle introduced in 2004, and the shaking television logo adopted after the 2008 relaunch. In 2018, TV5 introduced the numerical 5 logo, which dropped the "TV" word and incorporated the program title within the logo. A variation of this logo was unveiled in 2019, which featured a darker red color.

Programming

TV5 offers a diverse range of programs covering news and public affairs, sports, movies, local dramas and soap operas, anime, foreign cartoons, musical and variety shows, reality shows, comedy and gag shows, informative and talk shows, and more. The network is known for being the official broadcaster of the Philippine Basketball Association  (PBA) and also airs religious programming such as Word of God Network and Catholic Mass from Veritas 846.

Shortly after its relaunch in 2008, TV5 reportedly entered the Top 3 TV stations based on the AGB Nielsen survey. The network gained popularity with its morning cartoon blocks featuring popular shows from Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and Disney Channel. TV5 is renowned for its AniMEGA anime programming block, which introduced numerous Filipino-dubbed Japanese anime series to Philippine television. Notable programs include Code Geass, Shakugan no Shana, Azumanga Daioh, Special A, Makibaoh, Toradora!, Clannad, Yatterman, D.Gray-man, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood, and Gundam 00. The network also gained attention for its original horror drama series Midnight DJ (2008–2011).

TV5 gained notoriety for pioneering tabloid talk shows in the Philippines known for confrontations, physical fights, and scantily clad guests. Some of these shows include Face to Face, Face the People, Solved na Solved, and the public service program Idol in Action.

In 2013, TV5 introduced the Weekend Do It Better and Everyday All The Way programming blocks, but many of the programs were discontinued due to low ratings. In 2014, the network launched a new set of programs under the "Happy Ka Dito!" campaign.

In 2015, TV5 focused on light entertainment and sports with the "Happy sa 2015" campaign, introducing over a dozen new programs. The AniMEGA block made a comeback, featuring the popular anime series Sword Art Online. TV5's entertainment programming was produced by various content providers, including Unitel Productions, The IdeaFirst Company, and Content Cows Company Inc. In 2015, TV5 named Sari-Sari Channel as its main entertainment production outfit after signing a deal with Viva Entertainment.

Director Brillante Mendoza collaborated with TV5 to produce made-for-TV movies under the Brillante Mendoza Presents umbrella in 2016. The network also secured exclusive deals to air programs from Rainbow S.p.A and DreamWorks Animation. TV5 premiered popular series like The Walking Dead and La Reina del Sur, both dubbed in Filipino.

In 2017, TV5 partnered with Aniplus Asia to bring back the AniMEGA block, showcasing Japanese anime series such Attack on Titan: Junior High, Myriad Colors Phantom World, Kantai Collection, Knights of Sidonia, Norn9, and Is It Wrong to Try to Pick Up Girls in a Dungeon? The network also broadcast NFL games from 2017 to 2019 and selected local shows from Sari-Sari Channel under the Sari-Sari sa Weekends banner. Brillante Mendoza's crime drama series Amo premiered in 2018 after some delays.

From late 2018 to September 2019, all foreign entertainment shows aired on TV5 were broadcast in their original English-language audio. However, the network reverted to Filipino dubbing for its expanded movie blocks in September 2019.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, TV5 aired online Catholic Masses and religious programs. It also acquired the rights to broadcast NBA games, replacing the previous NFL coverage.

In mid-2020, TV5 filled vacant programming slots with new shows due to the lack of sporting events. The network reintroduced Filipino-dubbed telenovelas, including Tierra de Reyes, Betty sa NY, and Reina de Corazones. They also secured the rights to air the Thalía-starred "Maria" trilogy: Marimar, María Mercedes, and María la del Barrio. New local entertainment programs produced by Archangel Media, Luminus Productions Inc., and Brightlight Productions were launched in August 2020. In October 2020, TV5 premiered additional programs from Brightlight Productions.

In January 2021, TV5 and Cignal TV partnered with ABS-CBN Entertainment to air more of its popular content on free television. The network began simulcasting ABS-CBN's/Kapamilya Channel's Primetime Bida, Kapamilya Gold, and Yes Weekend! Saturday afternoon block drama series on March 8, 2021, and July 25 and 29, 2023, respectively, and premiered the Japanese anime series My Hero Academia, previously aired on defunct channel Yey! (ABS-CBN TV Plus). Aside from drama series from Kapamilya Gold, Yes Weekend! Saturday afternoon block, and Primetime Bida lineup, other ABS-CBN programming has also been simulcast on TV5, such as Everybody, Sing!.

In September 2022, TV5 acquired the airing rights for Moonbug preschool shows, including Cocomelon and Little Baby Bum, which are broadcast on weekday mornings.

International broadcast

TV5 programs are not only accessible in the Philippines but also have international reach through Kapatid Channel. The network's programs can be viewed in various regions, including Guam, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, Canada, and the United States. This allows a broader audience to enjoy TV5's content beyond the borders of the Philippines.

References

External links
Media Ownership Monitor Philippines - Television by VERA Files and Reporters Without Borders

1960 establishments in the Philippines
1992 establishments in the Philippines

Companies based in Mandaluyong
Companies based in Quezon City
Digital terrestrial television in the Philippines
Filipino-language television stations
Mass media companies of the Philippines
Television networks in the Philippines
Television channels and stations established in 1960
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1972
Television channels and stations established in 1992
Television in Metro Manila
TV5 Network channels

TV5 (Philippine TV network)


Frank Nelson Blanchard (December 19, 1888 – September 21, 1937) was an American herpetologist, and professor of zoology at the University of Michigan from which institution he received his Ph.D. He is credited with describing several new subspecies, including the broad-banded water snake, Nerodia fasciata confluens, and the Florida king snake, Lampropeltis getula floridana. As well, he has been honored by having reptiles and amphibians named after him, including the western smooth green snake, ecies | Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi, and Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris crepitans blanchardi.

Born in Stoneham, Massachusetts, Blanchard attained his Bachelor of Science in biology from Tufts University in 1913. He received his doctorate in zoology from the University of Michigan in 1919, where he studied with Helen Gaige under Dr. Alexander Grant Ruthven. His thesis was an extensive account of the genus Lampropeltis, the king snakes.

From 1913 until 1916, he taught zoology at Massachusetts State College in Amherst, Massachusetts. In 1918, he became an aide in the division of reptiles for the Smithsonian Institution, working under Leonhard Hess Stejneger until 1920, when he became a zoology professor at the University of Michigan. In 1922, he published Amphibians and Reptiles of Western Tennessee. For the year of 1927, he took a sabbatical from the university to travel to New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania, primarily to study the tuatara. In 1935, he spent a summer with Howard K. Gloyd, travelling through the southwestern United States, writing a manual of the snakes of the US, which was completed by Gloyd after Blanchard's death. In 1936, Blanchard was elected vice president of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. His most enduring legacy to the field of herpetology is his techniques for studying live animals in the field.

In 1922, Blanchard married Frjeda Blanchard (née Cobb), the geneticist who first demonstrated Mendelian inheritance in reptiles.

Taxa named in honor of Blanchard
Blanchard is commemorated in the scientific names of four taxa of reptiles (two species and two subspecies).
Geophis blanchardi
Lampropeltis triangulum blanchardi
Opheodrys vernalis blanchardi
Tribolonotus blanchardi

References

Further reading
Schmidt, Karl P.; Davis, D. Dwight (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates. (Frank N. Blanchard, p. 15 + Plate 3).

1888 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American zoologists
American herpetologists
People from Stoneham, Massachusetts
Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences alumni
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan faculty

Frank N. Blanchard


WT Small House is reputed to be the oldest continually inhabited home in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. It is listed on the Kelowna Heritage Register as a highly valued example of early residential pioneer settlement in the Okanagan Valley.

The Home was constructed with adze-cut squared logs and dovetail joints on two-storey wood frame.  William Thomas Small, a blind miller at The Lequime Mill built the original portion of the house in 1890 with three of his sons, Fred, Charles and William.  The fieldstone fireplace in the parlour is carved with the year of construction '1890'. The house was sold in 1908 to James Hugh Baillie, who added a two-storey wood frame front in 1910.  Baillie sold the house in 1918 to C. Graham, whose wife is reputed to have built a second fieldstone fireplace in the sitting room.  In 1930, the house was bought by Arthur H. Raymer (1880–1956) and his wife Edith Small, the daughter of WT Small (1884–1951) who had grown up in the house. Raymer's father had been Kelowna's first mayor when the city was incorporated in 1905. Raymer's daughter, Hilda and her husband W. Sinclair-Thompson lived there with their son and daughter Terry Gilbert and Wendy Edith.  The Mulberry tree on the property was brought to Kelowna on a wagon from Ontario by William Small.  The heritage value of the building is characterised by the organic growth of more than a century from early pioneer vernacular architecture to modern additions while retaining the original portions, still easily defined and recognisable today.

Small's wife was instrumental in founding the first school in the Mission Creek area in 1894. Six local families (Small, Casorso, Berard, Crawford, Dickson and Smith) gathered to refurbish the old Fred Gillard cabin under the guidance of William Small, the only carpenter in the party, to provide the first school in the area for the eighteen local children. They were taught by Fred Watson until 1900 for the sum of $720 per year (Okanagan Historical Society).

References

City of Kelowna Heritage Building: W.T. Small House
Okanagan Historical Society
Kelowna Public Archives

Buildings and structures in Kelowna
Houses in British Columbia

WT Small House