Bergen County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2020 United States census, the county's population was 955,732, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 50,616 (+5.6%) from the 905,116 recorded at the 2010 census, which in turn had reflected an increase of 20,998 (2.4%) from the 884,118 counted at the 2000 census. Located in the northeastern corner of New Jersey and its Gateway Region, Bergen County and its many inner suburbs constitute a highly developed part of the New York City metropolitan area, bordering the Hudson River; the George Washington Bridge, which crosses the Hudson, connects Bergen County with Manhattan.

The county is divided into 70 municipalities; made up of 56 boroughs, 9 townships, 3 cities and 2 villages. Its most populous place, with 46,030 residents as of the 2020 census, is Hackensack, which is also its county seat. Mahwah covered the largest area of any municipality, at . The county is part of the North Jersey region.

Bergen County is one of the largest commercial hubs in both New Jersey and the United States, generating over $6 billion in annual revenues from retailers in Paramus alone, despite blue laws keeping most stores in the county open only six days per week. The county is one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a median household income of $109,497 (compared to $89,703 in New Jersey and $69,021 nationwide) and a per capita income of $55,710 (vs. $46,691 in the state and $37,638 in the U.S.) as of the 2017-2021 American Community Survey. Bergen County has some of the highest home prices in New Jersey, with the median home price in 2022 exceeding $600,000. The county's park system covers more than .

Etymology
The origin of the name of Bergen County is a matter of debate. It is believed that the county is named after one of the earliest settlements, Bergen, in modern-day Hudson County, New Jersey. However, the origin of the township's name is debated. Several sources attribute the name to Bergen, Norway, while others attribute it to Bergen, North Holland in the Netherlands. Some sources say that the name is derived from one of the earliest settlers of New Amsterdam (now New York City), Hans Hansen Bergen, a native of Norway, who arrived in New Netherland in 1633.

History

At the time of first European contact, Bergen County was inhabited by Native American people, particularly the Lenape Nation, whose subgroups included the Tappan, Hackensack, and Rumachenanck (later called the Haverstraw), as named by the Dutch colonists. Some of their descendants are included among the Ramapough Mountain Indians, recognized as a tribe by the state in 1980. Their ancestors had moved into the mountains to escape encroachment by Dutch and English colonists. Their descendants reside mostly in the northwest of the county, in nearby Passaic County and in Rockland County, New York, tracing their Lenape ancestry to speakers of the Munsee language, one of three major dialects of their language. Over the years, they absorbed other ethnicities by intermarriage.

In the 17th century, the Dutch considered the area comprising today's Bergen and Hudson counties as part of New Netherland, their colonial province of the Dutch Republic. The Dutch claimed it after Henry Hudson (sailing for the Dutch East India Company) explored Newark Bay and anchored his ship at Weehawken Cove in 1609. From an early date, the Dutch began to import African slaves to fill their labor needs. Bergen County eventually was the largest slaveholding county in the state, with nearly 20% of its population consisting of slaves in 1800. The African slaves were used for labor at the ports to support shipping, as well as for domestic servants, trades, and farm labor.

Early settlement attempts by the Dutch colonists included Pavonia (1633), Vriessendael (1640), and Achter Col (1642), but the Native Americans repelled these settlements in Kieft's War (1643–1645) and the Peach Tree War (1655–1660). European settlers returned to the western shores of the Hudson River in the 1660 formation of Bergen Township (now part of Jersey City, New Jersey), which would become one of the earliest permanent European settlements in present-day New Jersey.

During the Second Anglo-Dutch War, on August 27, 1664, New Amsterdam's governor Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to the English Navy. The English organized the Province of New Jersey in 1665, later splitting the territory into East Jersey and West Jersey in 1674. On November 30, 1675, the settlement Bergen and surrounding plantations and settlements were called Bergen County in an act passed by the province's General Assembly. In 1683, Bergen (along with the three other original counties of East Jersey) was officially recognized as an independent county by the Provincial Assembly.

Initially, Bergen County comprised only the land between the Hudson River and the Hackensack River, extending north to the border between East Jersey and New York. In January 1709, the boundaries were extended to include all of the current territory of Hudson County (formed in 1840) and portions of the current territory of Passaic County (formed in 1837). The 1709 borders were described as follows:

"Beginning at Constable's Hook, so along the bay and Hudson's River to the partition point between New Jersey and the province of New York; along this line and the line between East and West Jersey† to the Pequaneck River; down the Pequaneck and Passaic Rivers to the sound; and so following the sound to Constable's Hook the place of beginning."
† The line between East and West Jersey here referred to is not the line finally adopted and known as the Lawrence line, which was run by John Lawrence in September and October 1743. It was the compromise line agreed upon between Governors Daniel Coxe and Robert Barclay in 1682, which ran a little north of Morristown to the Passaic River; thence up the Pequaneck to forty-one degrees of north latitude; and thence by a straight line due east to the New York State line. This line being afterward objected to by the East Jersey proprietors, the latter procured the running of the Lawrence line.

Bergen was the location of several battles and troop movements during the American Revolutionary War. Fort Lee's location on the bluffs of the New Jersey Palisades, opposite Fort Washington in Manhattan, made it a strategic position during the war. In November 1776, the Battle of Fort Lee took place as part of a British plan to capture George Washington and to resoundingly defeat the Continental Army, whose forces were divided and located in Fort Lee and Hackensack. After abandoning the defenses in Fort Lee and leaving behind considerable supplies, the Continental forces staged a hasty retreat through present-day Englewood, Teaneck, and Bergenfield, and across the Hackensack River at New Bridge Landing, one of the few sites where the river was crossed by a bridge. They destroyed the bridge to delay the British assault on Washington's headquarters in the village of Hackensack. The next day, George Washington retreated to Newark and left Hackensack via Polifly Road. British forces pursued, and Washington continued to retreat across New Jersey. The retreat allowed American forces to escape capture and regroup for subsequent successes against the British elsewhere in New Jersey later that winter.

Soon after the Battle of Princeton in January 1777, British forces realized that they were not able to spread themselves thin across New Jersey. Local militia retook Hackensack and the rest of Bergen County. Bergen County saw skirmishes throughout the war as armies from both sides maneuvered across the countryside.

The Baylor Massacre took place in 1778 in River Vale, resulting in severe losses for the Continentals.

In 1837, Passaic County was formed from parts of Bergen and Essex counties. In 1840, Hudson County was formed from Bergen. These two divisions took roughly 13,000 residents (nearly half of the previous population) from the county's rolls.

In 1852, the Erie Railroad began operating major rail services from Jersey City on the Hudson River to points north and west via leased right-of-way in the county. This became known as the Erie Main Line, and is still in use for passenger service today. The Erie later leased two other railroads built in the 1850s and 1860s, later known as the Pascack Valley Line and the Northern Branch, and in 1881 built a cutoff, now the Bergen County Line. There were two other rail lines in the county, ultimately known as the West Shore Railroad and the New York, Susquehanna, and Western.

In 1894, state law was changed to allow easy formation of municipalities with the borough form of government. This led to the "boroughitis" phenomenon, in which many new municipalities were created in a span of a few years. There were 26 boroughs that were formed in the county in 1894 alone, with two more boroughs (and one new township) formed in 1895. Ultimately 56 boroughs were incorporated in Bergen County, the highest number for any county in New Jersey.

On January 11, 1917, the Kingsland Explosion took place at a munitions factory in what is today Lyndhurst. The explosion is believed to have been an act of sabotage by German agents, as the munitions in question were destined for Russia, part of the U.S.'s effort to supply allies before entrance into World War I. After the U.S. entry into the war in April 1917, Camp Merritt was created in eastern Bergen County for troop staging. Beginning operations in August 1917, it housed 50,000 soldiers at a time, staging them for deployment to Europe via Hoboken. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919.

The George Washington Bridge was completed in 1931, linking Fort Lee to Manhattan. This connection spurred rapid development in the post-World War II era, developing much of the county to suburban levels. Two lanes were added to the upper level in 1946 and a second deck of traffic on the bridge was completed in 1962, expanding its capacity to becoming the world's only 14-lane suspension bridge. The bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, carrying 104 million vehicles in 2019.

In 1955, the United States Army established a Nike Missile station at Campgaw Mountain (in the west of the county) for the defense of the New York Metropolitan Area from strategic bombers. In 1959, the site was upgraded to house Nike-Hercules Missiles with increased range, speed, and payload characteristics. The missile site closed in June 1971.

Geography

Bergen County is located at the northeastern corner of the state of New Jersey and is bordered by Rockland County, New York, to the north; by Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City, as well as by Westchester County, New York, across the Hudson River to the east; and within New Jersey, by Hudson County as well as a small border with Essex County to the south, and by Passaic County to the west.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of the 2020 Census, the county had a total area of , of which  was land (94.5%) and  was water (5.5%).

Bergen County's highest elevation is Bald Mountain near the New York state line in Mahwah, at  above sea level. The county's lowest point is sea level, along the Hudson River, which in this region is a tidal estuary.

The sharp cliffs of the New Jersey Palisades lift much of the eastern boundary of the county up from the Hudson River. The relief becomes less pronounced across the middle section of the county, much of it being located in the Hackensack River valley or the Pascack Valley. In the northwestern portion of the county, Bergen County becomes hilly again and shares the Ramapo Mountains with Rockland County, New York.

The damming of the Hackensack River and a tributary, the Pascack Brook, produced three reservoirs in the county, Woodcliff Lake Reservoir (which impounds one billion gallons of water), Lake Tappan (3.5 billion gallons), and Oradell Reservoir, which allows United Water to provide drinking water to 750,000 residents of northern New Jersey, mostly in Bergen and Hudson counties. The Hackensack River drains the eastern portion of the county through the New Jersey Meadowlands, a wetlands area in the southern portion of the county. The central portion is drained by the Saddle River and the western portion is drained by the Ramapo River. Both of these are tributaries of the Passaic River, which forms a section of the southwestern border of the county.

Climate

Southeastern Bergen County lies at the edge of the humid subtropical climate zone (Cfa) according to the Köppen climate classification because its coldest month (January) averages above 26.6 °F / -3 °C. In part due to Bergen's coastal location, its lower elevation, and the partial shielding of the county from colder air by the three ridges of the Watchung Mountains as well as by the higher Appalachians, the climate of Bergen County is milder than in New Jersey counties further inland such as Sussex County. Bergen County has a moderately sunny climate, averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually.

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Hackensack have ranged from a low of  in January to a high of  in July, although a record low of  was recorded in February 1934 and a record high of  was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from  in February to  in July.

Average monthly temperatures at the interchange of Route 17 and MacArthur Boulevard in Mahwah range from 28.5 °F in January to 73.8 °F in July. Using the 0 °C January isotherm, most of Bergen has a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) except for higher areas in the Ramapo Mountains, which are Dfb, and along the Hudson River from Fort Lee downward, where Cfa exists. Due to its location and elevation span, Bergen is the only county in New Jersey to have all three of the state's Köppen climate zones.

Demographics

2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, the county had 955,732 people, 343,733 households, and 242,272 families. The population density was . There were 367,383 housing units at an average density of . The county racial makeup was 56.90% White, 5.73% African American, 0.47% Native American, 16.59% Asian, and 10.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 21.41% of the population.

There were 343,733 households, of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.1% were married couples living together, 24.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 13.9% had a male householder with no wife present and 29.5% were non-families. 14.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.25.

About 21.3% of the county's population was under age 18, 8.0% was from age 18 to 24, 36.7% was from age 25 to 44, and 17.0% was age 65 or older. The median age was 42.1 years. The gender makeup was 48.53% male and 51.14% female. For every 100 females, there were 94.3 males.

The median household income was $108,827, and the median family income was $122,981. About 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under age 18 and 7.7% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
The 2010 United States census counted 905,116 people, 335,730 households, and 238,704 families in the county. The population density was 3,884.5 per square mile (1,499.8/km2). There were 352,388 housing units at an average density of 1,512.3 per square mile (583.9/km2). The racial makeup was 71.89% (650,703) White, 5.80% (52,473) Black or African American, 0.23% (2,061) Native American, 14.51% (131,329) Asian, 0.03% (229) Pacific Islander, 5.04% (45,611) from other races, and 2.51% (22,710) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.05% (145,281) of the population.

Of the 335,730 households, 32% had children under the age of 18; 56.1% were married couples living together; 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 28.9% were non-families. Of all households, 24.6% were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.2.

22.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 29% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.1 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.8 males.

Community diversity
Given its location as a suburban extension of Manhattan across the George Washington Bridge, Bergen County has evolved a globally cosmopolitan ambience of its own, demonstrating a robust and growing demographic and cultural diversity with respect to metrics including nationality, religion, race, and domiciliary partnership. South Korea, Poland, and India are the three most common nations of birth for foreign-born Bergen County residents.

Italian American
Italian Americans have long had a significant presence in Bergen County; in fact, Italian is the most commonly identified first ancestry among Bergen residents (18.5%), with 168,974 Bergen residents were recorded as being of Italian heritage in the 2013 American Community Survey.

To this day, many residents of the Meadowlands communities in the county's south are of Italian descent, most notably in South Hackensack (36.3%), Lyndhurst (33.8%), Carlstadt (31.2%), Wood-Ridge (30.9%) and Hasbrouck Heights (30.8%). Saddle Brook (29.8%), Lodi (29.4%), Moonachie (28.5%), Garfield, Hackensack, and the southeastern Bergen towns were Italian American strongholds for decades, but their Italo-American demographics have diminished in recent years as more recent immigrants have taken their place. At the same time, the Italian American population has grown in many of the communities in the northern half of the county, including Franklin Lakes, Ramsey, Montvale, and Woodcliff Lake.

Latin American

The diverse Hispanic and Latin American population in Bergen is growing in many areas of the county but is especially concentrated in a handful of municipalities, including Fairview (37.1%), Hackensack (25.9%), Ridgefield Park (22.2%), Englewood (21.8%), Bogota (21.3%), Garfield (20.1%), Cliffside Park (18.2%), Lodi (18.0%), and Bergenfield (17.0%). Traditionally, many of the Latino residents were of Colombian and Cuban ancestry, although that has been changing in recent years. Englewood's Colombian community is the largest in Bergen County and among the top ten by percent of population in the United States (7.17%); Hackensack, Fairview, Bergenfield, Bogota, and Lodi also have notable populations. The Cuban population is largest in Fairview, Ridgefield Park, Ridgefield, and Bogota, although the Cuban community is much bigger in Hudson County to the south. Since 2000, an increasing number of immigrants from other countries have entered the region, including people from Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Chile, as well as from the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico. The diverse backgrounds of the local Latino community are best exemplified in Fairview, where 10% of the overall population hails from Central America, 7% from South America, and 9% from other Latin American countries, mainly the Caribbean. Overall, Bergen County's Latino population has demonstrated a robust increase from 145,281 in the 2010 census count to an estimated 165,442 in 2013.

Western European American
Irish Americans and German Americans are the next largest individual ethnic groups in Bergen County, numbering 115,914 (12.7% of the county's total population) and 80,288 (8.8%) respectively in 2013. As is the case with Italian Americans, these two groups developed sizable enclaves long ago and are now well established in all areas of the county. In 2023, Waldwick (30.43%), Ho-Ho-Kus (26.72%), and Hillsdale (24.94%) were reported as having the highest percentages of Irish American residents in the county. The Council of Irish Associations of Greater Bergen County, based in Bergenfield, has hosted an annual Saint Patrick's Day parade in the county since 1982.

Jewish American

Bergen County is home to the largest Jewish population in New Jersey. Many municipalities in the county are home to a significant number of Jewish Americans, including Fair Lawn, Teaneck, Tenafly, Closter, Englewood, Englewood Cliffs, Fort Lee, Bergenfield, Woodcliff Lake, Paramus, and Franklin Lakes. Teaneck, Fair Lawn, Englewood, and Bergenfield in particular have become havens for Bergen County's growing Orthodox Jewish communities, with a rising number of synagogues as well as supermarkets and restaurants offering kosher foods. The largest Israeli American communities in Bergen County were in Fair Lawn (2.5%), Closter (1.4%), and Tenafly (1.3%) in 2000, representing three of the four largest in the state. Altogether, 83,700 Bergen residents identified themselves as being of Jewish heritage in 2000, a number expected to show an increase per a 2014 survey of Jews in the county. The Jewish Federation of Northern New Jersey is based in Paramus.

Korean American

South Koreans constituted the most prevalent foreign-born nationality in Bergen County, which was home to all of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population in 2010.

The top ten municipalities in the United States as ranked by Korean American percentage of overall population in 2010 are illustrated in the following table. Palisades Park has Koreans that comprise the majority (nearly 52%) of the population:

One of the fastest-growing immigrant groups in Bergen County is the Korean American community, which is concentrated along the Hudson River – especially in the area near the George Washington Bridge – and represented more than half of the state's entire Korean population as of 2000. As of the 2010 Census, persons of Korean ancestry made up 6.3% of Bergen County's population (increasing to 6.9% by the 2011 American Community Survey to an estimated 63,247 individuals), which is the highest percentage for any county in the United States; while the concentration of Koreans in Palisades Park, within Bergen County, is the highest density and percentage of any municipality in the United States, at 51.5% of the population. Per the 2010 Census, Palisades Park was home to the highest total number (10,115) of individuals of Korean ancestry among all municipalities in the state, while neighboring Fort Lee had the second largest cluster (8,318), and fourth highest proportion (23.5%, trailing Leonia (26.5%) and Ridgefield (25.7%)). All of the nation's top ten municipalities by percentage of Korean population in 2010 were located in Bergen County, including Palisades Park, Leonia, Ridgefield, Fort Lee, Closter, Englewood Cliffs, Norwood, Edgewater, Cresskill, and Demarest, closely followed by Old Tappan. Virtually all of the municipalities with the highest Korean concentrations are located in the eastern third of the county, near the Hudson River, although Ridgewood has emerged as a Korean American nexus in western Bergen County, and Paramus and River Edge in central Bergen County. Beginning in 2012, county election ballots were printed in the Korean language, in addition to English and Spanish, given the U.S. Census Bureau's directive that Bergen County's Korean population had grown large enough to warrant language assistance during elections. Between 2011 and 2017, the Korean population of Fair Lawn was estimated to have more than doubled.

South Korean chaebols have established North American headquarters operations in Bergen County, including Samsung, LG Corp, and Hanjin Shipping. In April 2018, the largest Korean-themed supermarket in Bergen County opened in Paramus. In January 2019, Christopher Chung was sworn in as the first Korean-American mayor of Palisades Park.

The political stature of Koreatown appears to be increasing significantly as well. Bergen County's growing Korean community was cited by county executive Kathleen Donovan in the context of attorney Jae Y. Kim's appointment to Central Municipal Court judgeship in nearby Hackensack in January 2011. Subsequently, in March 2012, leaders from Bergen County's Korean community announced they would form a grassroots political action committee to gain an organized voice in politics in the wake of the rejection of attorney Phillip Kwon to the New Jersey Supreme Court by a state legislative body, and in July 2012, Kwon was appointed instead as deputy general counsel of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Jacqueline Choi was then sworn in as Bergen County's first female Korean American assistant prosecutor in September 2012. According to The Record, the U.S. Census Bureau has determined that the county's Korean American population has grown enough to warrant language assistance during elections, and Bergen County's Koreans have earned significant political respect. As of May 2014, Korean Americans had garnered at least four borough council seats in Bergen County. In November 2016, Ellen Park was elected to the borough council in nearby Englewood Cliffs, while namesake Daniel Park was elected to the borough council in nearby Tenafly in November 2013.

Polish American
Polish Americans are well represented in western Bergen County and are growing as a community, with 59,294 (6.5%) of residents of Polish descent residing in the county as of the 2013 American Community Survey. The community's cultural and commercial heart has long been centered in Wallington, where 45.5% of the population is of Polish descent; this is the largest concentration among New Jersey municipalities and the seventh-highest in the United States. The adjacent city of Garfield has also become a magnet for Polish immigrants, with 22.9% of the population identifying themselves as being of Polish ancestry, the third highest concentration in the state.

African American
The county's African American community is almost entirely concentrated in three municipalities: Englewood (10,215 residents, accounting for 38.98% of the city's total population), Teaneck (11,298; 28.78%), and Hackensack (10,518; 24.65%). Collectively, these three areas account for nearly 70% of the county's total African American population of 46,568, and in fact, blacks have had a presence in these towns since the earliest days of the county. In sharp contrast, African Americans comprise less than 2% of the total in most of Bergen's other municipalities. In Englewood, the African American population is concentrated in the Third and Fourth wards of the western half of the city, while the northeastern section of Teaneck has been an African American enclave for several decades. In 2014, Teaneck selected its first female African-American mayor. Hackensack's long-established African American community is primarily located in the central part of the city, especially in the area near Central Avenue and First Street. Bergen County's black population has declined from 52,473 counted in the 2010 Census to an estimated 50,478 in 2012. Other county municipalities with a sizeable minority of African Americans include Bergenfield (7.7%), Bogota (9.4%), Garfield (6.5%), Lodi (7.5%) and Ridgefield Park (6.4%).

Indian American

Indian Americans represent a rapidly growing demographic in Bergen County, enumerating over 40,000 individuals in 2013, a significant increase from the 24,973 counted in the 2010 Census, and represent the second largest Asian ethnic group in Bergen County, after Korean Americans. The biggest clusters of Indian Americans are located in Hackensack, Ridgewood, Fair Lawn, Paramus, Teaneck, Mahwah, Bergenfield, Lodi, and Elmwood Park. Within the county's Indian population is America's largest Malayali community, and Kerala-based Kitex Garments, India's largest children's clothing manufacturer, opened its first U.S. office in Montvale in October 2015. Glen Rock resident Gurbir Grewal, a member of Bergen County's growing Indian American Sikh community, was sworn into the position of county prosecutor in 2016, and an architecturally notable Sikh gurudwara resides in Glen Rock, while a similarly prominent Hindu mandir has been built in Mahwah. The public library in Fair Lawn began a highly attended Hindi language (हिन्दी) storytelling program in October 2013. The affluent municipalities of northern Bergen County are witnessing significant growth in their Indian American communities, including Glen Rock, into which up to 90% of this constituency was estimated by one member in 2014 to have moved within the preceding two-year period alone. In February 2015, the board of education of the Glen Rock Public Schools voted to designate the Hindu holy day Diwali as an annual school holiday, making it the first district in the county to close for the holiday, while thousands celebrated the first county-wide celebration of Diwali under a unified sponsorship banner in 2016. An annual "Holi in the Village" festival of colors has been launched in Ridgewood.

Russian (and other former Soviet) American

Fair Lawn, Tenafly, Alpine, and Fort Lee are hubs for Russian Americans, including a growing community of Russian Jews. Garfield is home to an architecturally prominent Russian Orthodox church. Likewise, Ukrainian Americans, Georgian Americans, and Uzbek Americans have more recently followed the path of their Russian American predecessors to Bergen County, particularly to Fair Lawn. The size of Fair Lawn's Russian American presence has prompted an April Fool's satire titled, "Putin Moves Against Fair Lawn". The Armenian American population in Bergen is dispersed throughout the county, but its most significant concentration is in the southeastern towns near the George Washington Bridge. The victims of the Armenian genocide are recognized annually at the Bergen County Courthouse in Hackensack.

Filipino American

Bergenfield, along with Paramus, Hackensack, New Milford, Dumont, Fair Lawn, and Teaneck, have become growing hubs for Filipino Americans. Taken as a whole, these municipalities are home to a significant proportion of Bergen County's Philippine population. A census-estimated 20,859 Filipino Americans resided in Bergen County as of 2013, embodying an increase from the 19,155 counted in 2010. Between 2000 and 2010, the Filipino-American population of Bergenfield grew from 11.7%, or 3,081 residents, to 17.1%, or 4,569, and increasing further to 5,062 (18.4%) by 2016. Bergenfield is informally known as the Little Manila of Bergen County, with a significant concentration of Filipino residents and businesses. In the late 1990s, Bergenfield became the first municipality on the East Coast of the United States to elect a Filipino mayor, Robert C. Rivas. The annual Filipino American Festival is held in Bergenfield. The Philippine-American Community of Bergen County (PACBC) organization is based in Paramus, while other Filipino organizations are based in Fair Lawn and Bergenfield. Bergen County's culturally active Filipino community repatriated significant financial assistance to victims of Typhoon Haiyan, which ravaged the Philippines in November 2013. Between 2011 and 2017, Fair Lawn's Filipino population was estimated to have more than doubled. In 2021, the multinational conglomerate Jollibee restaurant chain based in Metro Manila, planned to open its first Bergen County location in East Rutherford.

Chinese American

The Chinese American population is also spread out, with sizable populations in Fort Lee, Paramus, Ridgewood, River Edge, and Englewood Cliffs. Fort Lee and Paramus have the highest total number of Chinese among Bergen municipalities, while Englewood Cliffs has the highest percentage (8.42%). Several school districts throughout the county have added Mandarin to their curricula.

Japanese American

The Japanese community, which includes a significant number of Japanese nationals, has long had a presence in Fort Lee, with over a quarter of the county's total Japanese population living in that borough alone. Adjacent Edgewater has also developed an active Japanese American community, particularly after the construction of the largest Japanese-oriented commercial center on the U.S. East Coast in this borough. As of March 2011, about 2,500 Japanese Americans lived in Fort Lee and Edgewater combined; this is the largest concentration of Japanese Americans in New Jersey. The remainder of Bergen County's Japanese residents are concentrated in northern communities, including Ridgewood. The Japanese-American Society of New Jersey is based in Fort Lee.

Balkan American
Greek Americans have had a fairly sizable presence in Bergen for several decades, and according to 2000 census data, the Greek community numbered 13,247 county-wide. Greek restaurants are abundant in Bergen County. The largest concentrations of Greeks by percentage in the county are in Englewood Cliffs (7.2%), Alpine (5.2%), Fort Lee (3.7%), and Palisades Park (3.5%). Macedonian Americans and Albanian Americans have arrived relatively recently in New Jersey but have quickly established Bergen County enclaves, roughly in tandem, in Garfield, Elmwood Park, and Fair Lawn.

Iranian American
A relatively recent community of Iranian Americans has emerged in Bergen County, including those in professional occupations scattered throughout the county.

Same-sex couples

Same-sex couples headed one in 160 households in 2010, prior to the commencement of same-sex marriages in New Jersey on October 21, 2013. On June 28, 2016, Bergen County officials for the first time raised the rainbow-colored gay pride flag at the county administration building in Hackensack to commemorate the gay rights movement.

Muslims
Bergen County also has a moderate-sized Muslim population, which numbered 6,473 as of the 2000 census. Teaneck and Hackensack have emerged as the two most significant Muslim enclaves in the county, with the American Muslim Union's 18th annual brunch gathering held in Teaneck in 2016. Bergen's Muslim population primarily consists of Arab Americans, South Asian Americans, African Americans, and more recently, Macedonian Americans and Albanian Americans, although many members of these groups practice other religions. While Arab Americans have not established a significant presence in any particular municipality, in total there are 11,755 county residents who indicated Arab ancestry in the 2000 census. The overwhelming majority of Bergen's Arab American population (64.3%) is constituted by persons of Lebanese (2,576), Syrian (2,568), and Egyptian (2,417) descent. The county's diners provide late-night and pre-dawn dining options during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.

Transportation

Bergen County has a highly developed road network, including the northern termini of the New Jersey Turnpike (a portion of Interstate 95) and the Garden State Parkway, the eastern terminus of Interstate 80, and a portion of Interstate 287. US Highways 1/9, 9W, 46, 202, and New Jersey state highways 3, 4, 17, 120, 208, and the Palisades Interstate Parkway also serve the region. With an average volume of 210,000 vehicles passing through each day, the intersection of Routes 4 and 17 is one of the busiest in the world.

The George Washington Bridge, connecting Fort Lee in Bergen County across the Hudson River to the Upper Manhattan section of New York City, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge. Access to New York City is alternatively available for motorists through the Lincoln Tunnel and Holland Tunnel in Hudson County. Access across the Hudson River to Westchester County in New York is available using the Tappan Zee Bridge in neighboring Rockland County, New York.

, the county had a total of  of roadways, of which  are maintained by the municipality,  by Bergen County,  by the New Jersey Department of Transportation,  by the Palisades Interstate Parkway Commission,  by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority and  by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.

Train service is available on three lines from NJ Transit: the Bergen County Line, the Main Line, and the Pascack Valley Line. They run north–south to Hoboken Terminal with connections to the PATH train. NJ Transit also offers connecting service to New York Penn Station and Newark Penn Station at Secaucus Junction. Connections are also available at Hoboken Terminal to the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail and New York Waterways ferry service to the World Financial Center and other destinations. Despite the name, the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail does not yet run into Bergen County, although a northward extension from Hudson County to Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, known as the Northern Branch Corridor Project, has been advanced to the draft environmental impact statement stage by NJ Transit. The proposed Passaic-Bergen Rail Line, with two station stops in Hackensack, has not advanced since its 2008 announcement. The Access to the Region's Core rail tunnel project would have allowed many Bergen County railway commuters a one-seat ride into Manhattan but was canceled in October 2010.

Local and express bus service is available from NJ Transit and private companies such as Academy Bus Lines, Coach USA, DeCamp Bus Lines and Red and Tan Lines, offering transport within Bergen County, elsewhere in New Jersey, and to the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in New York City. In studies conducted to determine the best possible routes for the Bergen BRT (bus rapid transit) system, it has been determined the many malls and other "activity generators" in the vicinity of the intersection of routes 4 and 17 would constitute the core of any system. While no funding has for construction of the project has been identified, a study begun in 2012 will define the optimal routes.

There is one airport in the county, Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, which is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The three busiest commercial airports in the New York City metropolitan area, namely JFK International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport, are all located within 25 miles of Bergen County.

For the main surface-street routes through the county, see List of county routes in Bergen County, New Jersey.

Education

Tertiary education

Bergen County is home to several colleges and universities:
 Bergen Community College – Paramus, with other centers in Hackensack and Lyndhurst
 Eastwick College – Ramsey and Hackensack
 Fairleigh Dickinson University – Teaneck and Hackensack
 Felician University – Lodi and Rutherford
 Ramapo College – Mahwah

Saint Peter's University formerly operated a campus in Englewood Cliffs. This campus, on the site of the former Englewood Cliffs College, was active from 1975 until its official closure in August 2018. Berkeley College formerly operated a campus in Paramus but announced the closure of this campus in spring 2022, thereafter consolidating it with the college's campus in Woodland Park (in Passaic County).

School districts
The county has the following school districts:

K-12

Bergenfield Public School District
Bogota Public Schools
Cliffside Park School District
Cresskill Public Schools
Dumont Public Schools
Edgewater Public Schools
Elmwood Park Public Schools
Emerson School District
Englewood Public School District
Fair Lawn Public Schools
Fort Lee School District
Garfield Public Schools
Glen Rock Public Schools
Hackensack Public Schools
Hasbrouck Heights School District
Leonia Public Schools
Lodi Public Schools
Lyndhurst School District
Mahwah Township Public Schools
Midland Park School District
New Milford School District
North Arlington School District
Palisades Park Public School District
Paramus Public Schools
Park Ridge Public Schools
Ramsey Public School District
Ridgefield Park Public Schools
Ridgefield School District
Ridgewood Public Schools
Rutherford School District
Saddle Brook Public Schools
Teaneck Public Schools
Tenafly Public Schools
Waldwick Public School District
Wallington Public Schools
Westwood Regional School District – Regional
Wood-Ridge School District

Secondary (9-12, except as noted)

Bergen County Technical Schools
Carlstadt-East Rutherford Regional School District
Northern Highlands Regional High School
Northern Valley Regional High School District
Pascack Valley Regional High School District
Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District
River Dell Regional School District – (7–12)

Elementary (K-8, except as noted)

Allendale School District
Alpine Public School District
Carlstadt Public Schools
Closter Public Schools
Demarest Public Schools
East Rutherford School District
Englewood Cliffs Public Schools
Fairview Public Schools
Franklin Lakes Public Schools
Harrington Park School District
Haworth Public Schools
Hillsdale Public Schools
Ho-Ho-Kus School District
Little Ferry Public Schools
Maywood Public Schools
Montvale Public Schools
Moonachie School District
Northvale Public Schools
Norwood Public School District
Oakland Public Schools
Old Tappan Public Schools
Oradell Public School District (K–6)
River Edge Elementary School District (K–6)
River Vale Public Schools
Rochelle Park School District
Saddle River School District (K–5)
South Hackensack School District
Upper Saddle River School District
Woodcliff Lake Public Schools
Wyckoff School District

The Rockleigh Borough School District is a non-operating school district. Teterboro Borough School District was a non-operating school district; it is now in the Hasbrouck Heights district.

County-wide school districts include Bergen County Technical Schools and Bergen County Special Services School District. South Bergen Jointure Commission also has special education services for the south of the county.

Bergen has some 45 public high schools and at least 23 private high schools. Three of the top ten municipal high schools out of 339 schools in New Jersey were located in Bergen County, according to a 2014 ranking by New Jersey Monthly magazine, including Northern Highlands Regional High School in Allendale (#3), Pascack Hills High School in Montvale (#7), and Glen Rock High School in Glen Rock (#8). The magazine's list did not include the Bergen County Academies, which as the county's public magnet high school in Hackensack has continued to be recognized by various rankings as one of the best high schools in the United States. In 2014, BCA had an average HSPA score of 294 out of 300 and an average SAT score of 2103 out of 2400.

There is a school for Japanese citizen students, the New Jersey Japanese School, in Oakland, in the northwestern portion of Bergen County. In 1987, there were five juku (Japanese-style cram schools) in the county, with two of them in Fort Lee.

Arts and culture
The Bergen Performing Arts Center (PAC) is based in Englewood, while numerous museums are located throughout the county. In September 2014, the Englewood-based Northern New Jersey Community Foundation announced an initiative known as ArtsBergen, a centralizing body with the goal of connecting artists and arts organizations with one another in Bergen County.

Educational and cultural

 New Jersey Naval Museum, Hackensack. At the museum, the USS Ling is moored in the Hackensack River and is available for tours as a museum ship.
 Aviation Hall of Fame and Museum of New Jersey, located at Teterboro Airport in Teterboro.
 Bergen Museum of Art & Science, Hackensack.
 Buehler Challenger & Science Center, Paramus – located on the campus of Bergen Community College.
 Meadowlands Environment Center, Lyndhurst.
 Tenafly Nature Center, Tenafly
 Puffin Foundation, Teaneck
 Maywood Station Museum, Maywood
 Bergen Performing Arts Center, Englewood

Commercial and entertainment
 MetLife Stadium, which replaced Giants Stadium, in East Rutherford, is the home of the New York Giants and the New York Jets of the National Football League. At a construction cost of approximately $1.6 billion, it was the most expensive stadium ever built until being passed by SoFi Stadium in 2020.
 Meadowlands Arena, East Rutherford (formerly known as the Izod Center, the Continental Airlines Arena and the Brendan Byrne Arena). Opened in 1981, it was formerly home to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League, the New Jersey Nets of the National Basketball Association, and the Seton Hall University Pirates men's basketball team. The arena closed on April 3, 2015.
 Meadowlands Racetrack, East Rutherford
 Garden State Plaza, Paramus, is one of the largest and highest revenue-producing shopping malls in the United States.
 The Shops at Riverside, shopping mall, Hackensack (formerly known as Riverside Square Mall)
 Paramus Park, shopping mall, Paramus
 The Outlets at Bergen Town Center, shopping mall, Paramus (formerly known as the Bergen Mall)
 Fashion Center, shopping mall, Paramus
 H Mart, Asian shopping plaza and supermarket, Ridgefield
 Mitsuwa Marketplace, Japanese shopping plaza and supermarket, Edgewater
 American Dream Meadowlands, retail and entertainment complex that opened on October 25, 2019.

Government

County government

Bergen has had a county executive form of government since voters chose the first executive in 1986, joining Atlantic, Essex, Hudson and Mercer counties as one of the 5 of 21 New Jersey counties with an elected executive. The executive oversees the county's business, while the seven-member Bergen County Board of Commissioners has a legislative and oversight role. The Commissioners are elected at-large to three-year terms in office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November in a three-year cycle. All members of the governing body are elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general elections. In 2018, Commissioners were paid $28,312 and the Commissioner chairman was paid an annual salary of $29,312. Day-to-day oversight of the operation of the county and its departments is delegated to the County Administrator, Thomas J. Duch. Duch took the position in June 2021, succeeding Julien X. Neals who was appointed as a federal judge.

, the county executive is Democratic James J. Tedesco III of Paramus, whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. Bergen County's Commissioners are
Chairman Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale, term as commissioner ends December 31, 2025; term as chair ends 2023),
Vice Chairman Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson, 2025),
Chair Pro Tempore Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee, 2023),
Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah, 2025),
Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield, 2023; appointed to serve an unexpired term),
Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington, 2024) and
Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes, 2024).

Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution, each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are the County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term). Bergen County's constitutional officials are:

Bergen County's constitutional officials are
John S. Hogan (D, Northvale, 2026),
Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood, 2024)
Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill, 2026).

The Bergen County Prosecutor is Mark Musella. Musella succeeded acting prosecutor Dennis Calo, who was sworn into office in January 2018 after Gurbir Grewal of Glen Rock left office to become New Jersey Attorney General. Bergen County constitutes Vicinage 2 of the New Jersey Superior Court, which is seated at the Bergen County Justice Center in Hackensack; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 2 is Bonnie J. Mizdol.

In March 2023, Rafael Marte was selected to fill the seat expiring in December 2023 that had been held by Ramon Hache until he resigned from office earlier that month.

In 2014, Freeholder James Tedesco challenged incumbent Kathleen Donovan on a platform that highlighted his own plan to merge the Bergen County Police Department with the sheriff's office, as well as Donovan's connections to recent scandals in the New Jersey state government, including the nationally reported "Bridgegate" scandal and alleged campaign finance abuse among her staff. Election results showed Tedesco with 54.2% of the vote (107,958), ahead of Donovan with 45.8% (91,299), in a race in which Tedesco's campaign spending nearly $1 million, outspending Donovan by a 2–1 margin; that sweep mirrored that by neighboring Passaic County Democrats, who also defeated the three Republicans elected there in 2010, in the election in 2013, although voters in Passaic County would elect their first Republican candidate since 2013 to the then-renamed Board of County Commissioners in 2021. No Republican has won county-wide office in Bergen County since 2013.

In November 2010, Republican County Clerk Kathleen Donovan won the race for County Executive, defeating Dennis McNerney in his bid for a third term. Three incumbent Freeholders, Chairman James Carroll, Freeholder Elizabeth Calabrese, and Freeholder John Hogan were all defeated by Republican challengers Franklin Lakes Mayor Maura DeNicola, former River Edge Councilman John Felice, and Cliffside Park resident John Mitchell. Incumbent Bergen County Sheriff Leo McGuire also failed in his bid for a third term as Emerson Police Chief Mike Saudino defeated him. As a result of the 2010 elections, Republicans controlled Bergen County government for the first time in nearly a decade, with County Executive Kathleen Donovan and a 5–2 majority on the Board of Chosen Freeholders. Saudino would later face backlash over his remarks disparaging Black Americans and Sikhs — including remarks about Gurbir Grewal, who was the Bergen County prosecutor at the time — and resigned his position in 2018.

Courts and law enforcement
Negotiations to merge the Bergen County Police Department with the Sheriff's Office began in 2015, and were finally completed in 2021. The county Police Department had been created in 1917.

The Bergen County court system consists of a number of municipal courts handling traffic court and other minor matters, plus the Bergen County Superior Court which handles more serious offenses. Law enforcement at the county level includes the Bergen County Sheriff's Office and the Bergen County Prosecutor's Office. Bergen County's first female police chief took office in September 2015, as police chief of Bergenfield. In August 2015, a branding campaign was launched to highlight county government services, with its centerpiece being the official seal of Bergen County, depicting a Dutch settler shaking hands with a Native American. The county's contemporaneous executive James Tedesco made an approximately $5,000 private donation to initiate the effort in the form of a nine-foot rendering of this seal woven into the carpet of the county executive's office.

Federal representatives
The county is part of two Congressional Districts: the 5th District covering the northern portion of the county and the 9th most of the south.

State representatives
The 70 municipalities of Bergen County are represented by six separate state legislative districts.

Politics
The county is characterized by a divide between mostly Republican communities in the north and northwest of the county, and mostly Democratic communities in its center and southeast. That dichotomy largely remained in place for quite a while, until 2020. Mirroring the national "suburban revolt" against President Donald Trump, Democratic candidate Joe Biden made significant gains in the northern portion of the county, winning in many affluent and typically Republican voting communities, such as River Vale, Ho-Ho-Kus, Ramsey, Allendale, Hillsdale, and Montvale, winning in Upper Saddle River by a mere 2 vote margin. He also won somewhat less affluent suburban towns such as Mahwah, Waldwick, and Midland Park, along with surpassing the margins of victory obtained by Hillary Clinton in municipalities like Fair Lawn, Glen Rock, Ridgewood, and wealthier southern Bergen towns like Rutherford (although the results in most of the rest of southern Bergen largely stayed the same compared to 2016 - either Biden or Trump barely won the more blue-collar towns of Carlstadt (Trump, by 57 votes)/East Rutherford (Biden, 485)/Lyndhurst (Trump, 68)/Moonachie (Biden, 48)/North Arlington (Trump, just 5)/South Hackensack (Biden, 88), while Trump's margins of defeat shrank in Garfield/Lodi, and his margin of victory grew in Wallington, all compared to 2016). As of October 1, 2021, there were a total of 688,213 registered voters in Bergen County, of whom 265,251 (38.5%) were registered as Democrats, 150,812 (21.9%) were registered as Republicans, and 265,186 (38.5%) were registered as unaffiliated. There were 6,965 voters (1.0%) registered to other parties. Among the county's 2010 Census population, 61.4% were registered to vote, including 77.4% of those ages 18 and over.

In the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden won the county by the largest margin for a Democrat since 1964, and marked the first time the county voted to the left of the state since 1904. In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received 231,211 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 175,529 votes (41.6%) and other candidates with 19,827 votes (4.6%), among the 426,567 ballots cast by the county's 588,362 registered voters, for a turnout of 73%. In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 212,754 votes here (54.8%), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 169,070 votes (43.5%) and other candidates with 3,583 votes (0.9%), among the 388,425 ballots cast by the county's 551,745 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.4%). In the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama received 225,367 votes here (53.9%), ahead of Republican John McCain with 186,118 votes (44.5%) and other candidates with 3,248 votes (0.8%), among the 418,459 ballots cast by the county's 544,730 registered voters, for a turnout of 76.8%.

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In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 127,386 ballots cast (48.0%) in the county, ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 121,446 votes (45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 12,452 votes (4.7%), and other candidates with 1,262 votes (0.5%), among the 265,223 ballots cast by the county's 530,460 registered voters, yielding a 50.0% turnout. In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 136,178 ballots cast (60.2%), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 87,376 votes (38.7%) and other candidates with 2,515 votes (1.1%), among the 226,069 ballots cast for governor by the county's 527,491 registered voters, yielding a 42.9% turnout. This is the only time Bergen County voted for a Republican in a gubernatorial election in the 21st century. In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Democrat Phil Murphy received 56.7% of the vote (129,265 votes) to Republican Kim Guadagno's 41.6% (94,904 votes); the county's third-largest pro-Democratic margin ever, behind both 1989 (Jim Florio's first run; 165,104 - 59.2%), and 1973 (Brendan Byrne's first run; 196,661 - 64%). In the 2021 gubernatorial election, Democratic Governor Phil Murphy received 52.5% of the vote (145,150 votes) to Republican Jack Ciattarelli's 46.9% (129,644 votes).

Municipalities

In the last decades of the 19th century, Bergen County, to a far greater extent than any other county in the state, began dividing its townships up into incorporated boroughs; this was chiefly due to the "boroughitis" phenomenon, triggered by a number of loopholes in state laws that allowed boroughs to levy lower taxes and send more members to the county's board of freeholders. There was a 10-year period in which many of Bergen County's townships disappeared into the patchwork of boroughs that exist today, before the state laws governing municipal incorporation were changed.

The county has 70 municipalities, the highest number of any county in the state, with 56 of them being boroughs.

The 70 municipalities in Bergen County (with 2010 Census data for population, housing units and area) are:

Historical municipalities
Over the history of the county, there have been various municipality secessions, annexations and renamings. The following is a partial list of former municipalities, ordered by year of incorporation.

Economy

The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculated that the county's gross domestic product was $72.8 billion in 2021, which was ranked first in the state and was a 7.6% increase from the prior year.

Largest employers
According to the Bergen County Economic Development Corporation, the largest employers in Bergen County as of November 2012, as ranked with at least 1,000 employees in the county, were as follows:
 Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, 8,000
 Valley Health System, Ridgewood, 4,660
 Bio-Reference Laboratories, Inc., Elmwood Park, 2,900
 Medco Health Solutions, Franklin Lakes, 2,800 (no longer an independent company)
 County of Bergen, Hackensack, 2,390
 Quest Diagnostics, Teterboro/Lyndhurst, 2,200
 KPMG, Montvale, 2,100
 Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, 2,002
 Englewood Hospital Home Health Care Services, Englewood, 1,985
 Unilever Bestfoods, Englewood Cliffs, 1,900
 Stryker Corporation, Allendale/Mahwah, 1,812
 Bergen Regional Medical Center, Paramus, 1,746
 Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, 1,695
 Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, 1,500
 Crestron Electronics, Rockleigh/Cresskill, 1,500
 BMW of North America, Woodcliff Lake, 1,000

In January 2015, Mercedes-Benz USA announced that it would be moving its headquarters from the borough of Montvale in Bergen County to the Atlanta, Georgia, area as of July. The company had been based in northern New Jersey since 1972 and has had 1,000 employees on a  campus in Montvale. Despite incentive offers from the State of New Jersey to remain in Bergen County, Mercedes-Benz cited proximity to its Alabama manufacturing facility and a growing customer base in the southeastern United States, in addition to as much as $50 million in tax incentives from Georgia governmental agencies, in explaining its decision to move. However, Mercedes-Benz USA also stated its intent to maintain its Northeast regional headquarters in Montvale and to build a "state-of-the-art" assemblage training center in the borough as well.

Building permits
In 2011, Bergen County issued 1,903 new building permits for residential construction, the largest number in New Jersey.

Retail
The retail industry, anchored in Paramus, is a mainstay of the Bergen County economy, with a combined payroll of $1.7 billion as of 2012. The largest retail entities are described below in further detail:

Garden State Plaza

The Garden State Plaza megamall is located in Paramus. The mall is owned and managed by Paris-based real estate management company Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, and located at the intersection of Route 4 and Route 17 near the Garden State Parkway, about  west of Manhattan. Opened in 1957 as the first suburban shopping mall in New Jersey, it contains  of leasable space, and housing over 300 stores, it is the second-largest mall in New Jersey, the third-largest mall in the New York metropolitan area, and one of the highest-revenue producing malls in the United States.

American Dream Meadowlands

American Dream, located  south of Garden State Plaza, is another large retail and entertainment complex, situated in the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford. The first and second of four opening stages occurred on October 25, 2019, and on December 5, 2019. The remaining opening stages occurred on October 1, 2020, and thereafter. As of January 2023, the megamall hosts over 200 stores and other commercial establishments.

Blue laws
Bergen County enforces one of the last remaining U.S. blue laws that cover most retail sales, other than food and gasoline (among other limited items). The law enforced in the county is actually a state law that each county could reject by voter referendum, with 20 of the state's 21 counties having voted to reject the legal option to enforce the law. Thus one of the largest and most popular commercial shopping cores of the New York metropolitan area is almost completely closed on Sunday. Grocery stores, convenience stores, gas stations, hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, entertainment venues, and any other exempted establishments that do not sell clothing, shoes, furniture, electronics, hardware, and home appliances are among the businesses allowed to operate. Furthermore, Bergen County has significant populations of Jewish (2000 estimate of 83,700) and Muslim (2000 estimate of 6,473) residents whose observant members would not be celebrating the Sunday Sabbath with most of their Christian neighbors. The substantial Orthodox Jewish minority is placed in the position of being unable to shop either on Sunday (due to the blue laws) or on Saturday (due to religious observance).

However, repeated attempts by voters to repeal the law have failed. A large part of the reason for maintaining the laws has been a desire by many Bergen County residents for relative peace and quiet, with less traffic, on one day of the week. This desire for relative peace is most apparent in Paramus, where most of the county's largest shopping malls are located, along the intersecting highways of Route 4 and Route 17, which are jam-packed on many Saturdays. Paramus has enacted blue laws of its own that are even more restrictive than those enforced by Bergen County, banning all forms of "worldly employment" on Sundays, including white collar workers in office buildings. Despite these strict blue laws, Paramus (07652) has become the top retail ZIP Code in the United States, with the municipality generating over US$6 billion in annual retail sales. Local blue laws in Paramus were first proposed in 1957, while the Bergen Mall (since renamed as The Outlets at Bergen Town Center) and Garden State Plaza were under construction. The legislation was motivated by fears that the two new malls would aggravate the already severe highway congestion caused by local retail businesses along the borough's highways seven days a week and to preserve one day on which the roads were less congested. In November 2012, Governor Chris Christie issued an executive order to temporarily suspend the blue law due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy. The blue law was suspended on November 11 but was back in effect one week later.

Minimum wage
In November 2017, County Executive James Tedesco raised the minimum wage for full-time Bergen County workers to $15 per hour gradually increasing over a 6-year period, an increase from the prevailing state minimum wage at the time of $8.44 hourly. The raise constituted the first such hike in the minimum wage paid to employees of any New Jersey county.

Parks and recreation

State parks
 Ramapo Mountain State Forest, Mahwah
 Palisades Interstate Park, Fort Lee, Englewood Cliffs, Tenafly, Alpine

State-owned historical sites
 New Bridge Landing, River Edge, Teaneck and New Milford
 The Hermitage, Ho-Ho-Kus
 Steuben House, River Edge (at New Bridge Landing)

County parks

 Bergen Equestrian Center, Leonia
 Belmont Hill County Park, Garfield
 Campgaw Mountain Reservation, Mahwah, offers activities including skiing, snowboarding and hiking in an area covering
 Dahnert's Lake County Park, Garfield
 Darlington County Park, Mahwah
 McFaul Environmental Center, Wyckoff
 Ramapo Valley County Reservation, Mahwah
 Overpeck County Park, Leonia, Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park
 Riverside County Park, Lyndhurst, North Arlington
 Pascack Brook County Park, Westwood
 Saddle Ridge Riding Area, Franklin Lakes
 Saddle River County Park, Paramus, Glen Rock, Rochelle Park, Saddle Brook, Ridgewood
 Samuel Nelkin County Park, Wallington
 Van Saun County Park, Paramus, including the Bergen County Zoological Park, the county's only zoo. The zoo was slated for an expansion as of 2016 which would nearly double its size from 12 to 23 acres and significantly diversify its population of animal species.
 Wood Dale County Park, Woodcliff Lake

County-owned historical sites
 Baylor Massacre site, River Vale — location of a surprise attack on September 27, 1778, against the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Colonel George Baylor during the American Revolutionary War.
 Camp Merritt, Cresskill
 Campbell-Christie House, River Edge — a historic Dutch sandstone home, it was moved from New Milford to preserve the home from destruction.
 Easton Tower, Paramus
 Garretson Farm, Fair Lawn — a stone home dating to the 1720s that is one of the county's oldest surviving structures.
 Gethsemane Cemetery, Little Ferry
 Washington Spring Garden, located in Van Saun Park, Paramus
 Wortendyke Barn, Park Ridge

See also
 List of Registered Historic Places in Bergen County, New Jersey

References

Sources
 Bogert, Frederick W. Bergen County, New Jersey, History and Heritage, Volume II, The Colonial Days, 1630–1775, Bergen County, N.J., The Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders, 1983.
 Cornelius Burnham Harvey (ed.), Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen counties, New Jersey. New York: New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Co., 1900.
 W. Woodford Clayton with William Nelson, History of Bergen and Passaic Counties, New Jersey, with Biographical Sketches of Many of its Pioneers and Prominent Men. Philadelphia: Everts and Peck, 1882.
 James M. Van Valen, History of Bergen County, New Jersey. New York: New Jersey Publishing and Engraving Co., 1900.
 Westervelt, Frances A. History of Bergen County, New Jersey, 1630–1923. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Co., 1923.

External links

 Bergen County official website
 Bergen County Historical Society

1683 establishments in New Jersey
Counties in the New York metropolitan area
North Jersey
Populated places established in 1683

Bergen County, New Jersey


Laila Amaria Ali (born December 30, 1977) is an American television personality and retired professional boxer who competed from 1999 to 2007. She is the daughter of Muhammad Ali and is the eighth of her father's nine children. During her career, from which she retired undefeated, she held the WBC, WIBA, IWBF and IBA female super middleweight titles, and the IWBF light heavyweight title. Ali is widely regarded by many within the sport as one of the greatest female boxers of all time.

1977 births
Living people
American television personalities

Laila Ali


The Moluche ("people from where the sun sets" or "people from the west") or Nguluche are an indigenous people of Chile. Their language was a dialect of Mapudungun, a Mapuche language.  At the beginning of the Conquest of Chile by the Spanish Empire the Moluche lived in what came to be known as Araucanía. The Moluche were called Araucanos ("Araucanians") by the Spanish.

Descendants of the Moluche and the Pehuenche and Huilliche later migrated into Argentina in later centuries mixing with the local tribes.  This Araucanization made their language the common spoken language in the region.

See also
Picunche

References

Mapuche groups
Indigenous peoples in Chile

es:Moluche

Moluche


Chicks 'n Chained Males is an anthology of fantasy stories, edited by Esther Friesner with the assistance of Martin H. Greenberg, with a cover by Larry Elmore. It consists of works featuring female protagonists by (mostly) female authors. It was first published in paperback by Baen Books in May 1999. It was the third of a number of similarly themed anthologies edited by Friesner.

The book collects 18 short stories by various fantasy authors, with an introduction by Friesner.

As per the volume's title, most of the stories involve heroic women having to rescue men from captivity, reversing the damsel in distress trope.

Contents
 "Introduction" (Esther Friesner)
 "Myth Manners' Guide to Greek Missology #1: Andromeda and Perseus" (Harry Turtledove)
 "Chain, Link, Fence" (Steven Piziks)
 "Fool's Gold" (Elizabeth Moon)
 "In for a Pound" (Lawrence Watt-Evans)
 "Death Becomes Him" (Marina Frants) - sequel to "A Bone to Pick" from the previous volume
 "Straight Arrow" (Susan Shwartz)
 "Bad Heir Day" (Rosemary Edghill)
 "Why Do You Think They Call It Middle Earth?" (Susan Casper)
 "Leg Irons, the Bitch, and the Wardrobe" (Laura Frankos)
 "Shiftless" (Josepha Sherman)
 "May/December at the Mall" (Brian D. Akers)
 "Yo, Baby!" (Jan Stirling)
 "Don't Break the Chain!" (Jody Lynn Nye)
 "Cross CHILDREN Walk" (Esther Friesner)
 "...But Comedy is Hard" (Kate Daniel)
 "Baubles, Bangles and Beads" (Kevin Andrew Murphy)
 "Hallah Iron-Thighs and the Five Unseemly Sorrows" (K. D. Wentworth)
 "Miss Underwood and the Mermaid" (Sarah Zettel)

References

External links

1999 anthologies
Fantasy anthologies

Chicks 'n Chained Males


In C. S. Lewis's fantasy novel series the Chronicles of Narnia, the hill of the Stone Table, or Aslan's How, is a high mound or cairn, located south of the Great River in Narnia next to the Great Woods.  The How was built over the hill of the Stone Table. The word how derives from the Old Norse haugr, meaning hill or mound.  In parts of England, it is a synonym for barrow.

At some point during the absence of the Pevensie children, a barrow was raised over the remains of the broken Stone Table.  Who built the mound, or why, is not explained by Lewis.

In Prince Caspian (1951), the runaway Prince Caspian flees into the forest from his evil uncle, King Miraz, and finds a host of good creatures and animals. When word gets out that the King's army is out to capture the Prince, he and his friends take cover inside Aslan's How. The How proves to be a reliable fortress. Miraz's army surrounds the mound and is fought off when the four Pevensies and Aslan return to Narnia.

The Horse and His Boy

Aslan's How is only mentioned once more in The Horse and His Boy.

As shown in the films

In the Chronicles of Narnia film series, the place is shown in various ways:

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe

In The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the Stone Table is the sacred place where Aslan is killed by the White Witch.  Around the edges of the table is writing, possibly Narnian, and extremely old.  In the movie, Edmund Pevensie had committed a sin against his siblings by telling Jadis about them on the premise that he would be king of Narnia.  However, Jadis throws him in prison and he is later rescued by Aslan's army.  The White Witch then travels to Aslan's camp where she states that the "blood of any traitor is" hers.  She and Aslan have a private parley and it is later revealed that Aslan has saved Edmund by offering himself to Jadis.

That night, Aslan, along with Susan and Lucy, travel to the Stone Table.  Aslan tells the girls to turn and go back, not telling them what is about to happen.  However the girls disobey and watch as Aslan is tied, his mane cut off, and he is bound to the Stone Table.  Jadis then gives a speech and stabs Aslan, killing him with Susan and Lucy looking on from the woods.

After Jadis and her army leave, the girls walk over to look at the dead Aslan.  As they sit there, mice begin gnawing on the ropes that bound the lion.  The girls fall asleep.  The next morning, Lucy and Susan decide to return to their camp and prepare to face the White Witch.  As they are leaving, there is a small earthquake and a loud crumbling sound.  When they turn, the see the Stone Table broken in half and Aslan gone.  Confused, the girls begin to wonder what happened to Aslan, until they see him walking up behind the table, backlit by the rising sun.  Susan and Lucy run over and hug Aslan, who explains that the White Witch had misinterpreted the meaning of the Deep Magic.  According to it, a person (or creature) who had committed no sin and sacrificed him or herself could reverse death.

Prince Caspian

For Prince Caspian, set 1300 years after The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe, the Stone Table is enshrined in a massive stone structure built sometime after the Pevensies left Narnia.
The structure, known as Aslan's How, is entered via a ramp.  There seems to be a main chamber in the front where Caspian's army congregates.  There is a tunnel leading off of this chamber, lined with carvings and paintings of the Pevensies as kings and queens, one of Mr. Tumnus, and one of Lucy and Susan riding on Aslan, as seen in the first movie.  The tunnel ends in the antechamber where the Stone Table resides.  A trough containing a flammable substance is used for lighting.  On the back wall of the chamber is a relief carving of Aslan.

The Table chamber is the location for Caspian and the Pevensies to meet to discuss the plan for battle.  At one point, a hag and a werewolf somehow manage to enter the chamber to persuade Caspian that Jadis, the White Witch killed by Aslan in the first movie, is the only one to provide the means to win the battle.  Caspian agrees, and the hag uses Jadis's wand to create a wall of ice.  When Jadis appears, she asks Caspian for a drop of blood to bring her back; however, Peter appears and pushes him away.  Yet Peter himself is enchanted by Jadis and shows himself willing to give her some of his blood.  At the last second, Edmund stabs the block of ice from behind, "killing" Jadis.

Symbolism and theological significance
C.S. Lewis often incorporates Christian themes and symbols into the Narnian stories. The Stone Table itself (and not the hill) is one of these symbols: it is symbolic of the cross of Jesus, and the killing of Aslan on it for the sin (treachery) of Edmund Pevensie, alludes to the crucifixion of Christ.

See also

The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (film)
Prince Caspian
The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian (film)
Religion in The Chronicles of Narnia
Aslan
Lucy Pevensie
Susan Pevensie
White Witch

References

Fictional elements introduced in 1951
The Chronicles of Narnia locations
Fictional buildings and structures
Fictional mountains

Stone Table


Alasa Farms, also known as the Sodus Bay Shaker Tract and Sodus Bay Phalanx, is a historic farm complex located near the hamlet of Alton in Wayne County, New York.  The farm complex was originally built and occupied by the Sodus Bay Shakers, an official branch of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, from 1826 to 1838. Between 1844 and 1846, the property was home to the Sodus Bay Phalanx of the Fourier Society, a group devoted to establishing utopian communities based on communal living. After 1846, the property lay vacant until 1868.  It became a large scale, "model farm" in the early-20th century, being named Alasa Farms in 1924, by its owner Alvah Griffin Strong, grandson of Henry A. Strong.

The property includes the contributing resources: the Main House and Deacon's House, large frame houses both built by the Shakers in 1833-1834; three gambrel roofed frame barns; board and batten barn (c. 1840s); pony barn; granary (1932); house for bachelor farmhands (1926); office (c. 1930); in ground pool and pool house (c. 1926); two tenant house (c. 1909); two small sheds; and a well with pump. In early 2011, Cracker Box Palace achieved ownership of Alasa Farms and it is used for farm animals of every kind to come to recover from illness, neglect or abuse.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Gallery

References

Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Houses completed in 1834
Buildings and structures in Wayne County, New York
Model farms
Fourierists
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, New York

Alasa Farms


A web series (also known as a web show) is a series of scripted or non-scripted online videos, generally in episodic form, released on the Internet, which first emerged in the late 1990s and became more prominent in the early 2000s. A single instance of a web series program can be called an episode or a "webisode"; however, the term is not always used. In general, web series can be watched on a range of platforms and devices, including desktop, laptop, tablets and smartphones. They are different from streaming television, which is purposed to be watched on various streaming platforms, though the term "web series" is frequently used to refer to streaming television series. Because of the nature of the Internet itself, a web series may be interactive. Web series are classified as new media.

 there were a number of awards that have been established to celebrate excellence in web series, like the Streamys, Webbys, IAWTV, and Indie Series Awards, although the Streamys and IAWTV also cover programs on streaming platforms. There are also several web series festivals, most notably in Los Angeles and Vancouver. Most major award ceremonies have also created web series and digital media award categories, including the Emmy Awards and the Canadian Screen Awards.

History

1990s
In April 1995, "Global Village Idiots", an episode of the Bloomington, Indiana-based public access program Rox, was uploaded to the Internet, making Rox the first series distributed via the web. The same year, Scott Zakarin created The Spot, an episodic online story which integrated photos, videos, and blogs into the storyline. Likened to Melrose Place-on-the-Web, The Spot featured a rotating cast of characters playing trendy twenty-somethings who rented rooms in a fabled Santa Monica, California beach house called "The Spot". The Spot earned the title of Infoseek's "Cool Site of the Year," an award which later became the Webby.

In January 1999, Showtime licensed the animated sci-fi web series WhirlGirl, making it the first independently produced web series licensed by a national television network. In February 1999, the series premiered simultaneously on Showtime and online.  The character occasionally appeared on Showtime, for example hosting a "Lethal Ladies" programming block, but spent most of her time online, appearing in 100 webisodes.

2000s
As broadband bandwidth began to increase in speed and availability, delivering high-quality video over the Internet became a reality. In the early 2000s, the Japanese anime industry began broadcasting original net animation (ONA), a type of original video animation (OVA) series, on the Internet. Early examples of ONA series include Infinite Ryvius: Illusion (2000), Ajimu (2001), and Mahou Yuugi (2001). In 2003, The Spot executive producer and head writer Stewart St. John revived the brand for online audiences with a new cast, and created a separate mobile series to air on Sprint PCS Vision-enabled phones. St. John and partner Todd Fisher produced over 2,500 daily videos of the first American mobile phone soap, driving story lines across platforms to the web counterpart, The Spot (2.0).

The same year, Microsoft launched MSN Video, which featured the original web series Weird TV 2000, a spin-off of the syndicated television series Weird TV. The web series featured dozens of shorts, comedy sketches, and mini-documentaries produced exclusively for MSN video. The video-sharing site YouTube was launched in early 2005, allowing users to share television programs. YouTube co-founder Jawed Karim said the inspiration for YouTube first came from Janet Jackson's role in the 2004 Super Bowl incident, when her breast was exposed during her performance, and later from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, which led to the idea of a video sharing site.

From 2003 to 2006, many independent web series began to garner and achieve significant popularity, most notably the series known as Red vs. Blue by Rooster Teeth. The series was distributed independently using online portals YouTube and Revver, as well as the Rooster Teeth website, acquiring over 100 million social media views during its run. Rooster Teeth would eventually create RWBY in 2013. Sam Has 7 Friends, which ran in the summer and fall of 2006, was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award, and was temporarily removed from the Internet when it was acquired by Michael Eisner. In 2004–2005, Spanish producer Pedro Alonso Pablos recorded a series of video interviews featuring actors and directors like Guillermo del Toro, Santiago Segura, Álex de la Iglesia, and Keanu Reeves, which were distributed through his own website. lonelygirl15, California Heaven, "The Burg", and SamHas7Friends also gained popularity during this time, acquiring audiences in the millions. Lonelygirl15 was so successful that it secured a sponsorship deal with Neutrogena. In 2007, the creators of Lonelygirl15 followed up the series' success with KateModern, a series which debuted on social network Bebo, and took place in the same fictional universe as their previous show. Big Fantastic created and produced Prom Queen, which was financed and distributed by Vuguru, and debuted on MySpace. These web serials highlighted interactivity with the audience in addition to the narrative on relatively low budgets. In contrast, the web series Sanctuary, starring actor/producer Amanda Tapping, cost $4.3 Million to produce. Both Sanctuary and Prom Queen were nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award. Award-winning producer/director Marshall Herskovitz created Quarterlife, which debuted on MySpace and was later distributed on NBC. In 2009, the first web series festival was established, called the Los Angeles Web Series Festival.

In 2008, major television studios began releasing web series, such as the ABC show "Squeegies", the NBC show Gemini Division, and the Bravo show The Malan Show. Warner Bros. relaunched The WB as an online network beginning with their first original web series, "Sorority Forever", created and produced by Big Fantastic and executive produced by McG. Meanwhile, MTV announced a new original series created by Craig Brewer that brought together the indie music world and new media expansion. Joss Whedon created, produced and self-financed Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog starring Neil Patrick Harris and Felicia Day. Big Fantastic wrote and produced Foreign Body, a mystery web series that served as a prequel to Robin Cook's novel of the same name. Beckett and Goodfried founded a new Internet studio, EQAL, and produced a spin-off from "lonelygirl15" entitled "LG15: The Resistance". Dedicated media coverage of the web series debuted with organizations such as GigaOm's NewTeeVee and Tubefilter News. Mainstream press also began to provide coverage. In the UK, KateModern ended its run on Bebo. That site also hosted a six-month-long reality/travel show, The Gap Year, produced by Endemol UK, who also made Kirill, a drama for MSN.

During MipCom, in October 2008, MySpace announced plans for a second series and indicated that it was in talks with cable network Foxtel to distribute their first series on network television. Additionally MySpace spoke of their plans to produce versions of the MySpace Road Tour in other countries. The emerging potential for success in web video caught the attention of top entertainment executives in America, including former Disney executive and current head of the Tornante Company, Michael Eisner. Torante's Vuguru subdivision partnered with Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Media on October 26, securing plans to produce upwards of 30 new web shows a year. Rogers Media agreed to help fund and distribute Vuguru's upcoming productions, thereby solidifying a connection between old and new media.

Production and distribution
The rise in the popularity of the Internet and improvements the accessibility and affordability of high speed broadband and streaming video technology meant that producing and distributing a web series became a feasible alternative to "traditional" series production, which was formerly mostly done for broadcast and cable TV. In comparison with traditional TV series production, web series are less expensive to produce. This has allowed a wider range of creators to develop web series. As well, since web series are made available online, instead of being aired at a single preset time to specific regions, they enable producers to reach a potentially global audience who can access the shows 24 hours a day and seven days a week, at the time of their choosing. Moreover, in the 2010s, the rising affordability of tablets and smartphones and the rising ownership rates of these devices in industrialized nations means that web series are available to a wider range of potential viewers, including commuters, travelers, and other people who are on the go.

The emerging potential for success in web video has caught the eye of some of the top entertainment executives in America, including former Disney executive and current head of the Tornante Company, Michael Eisner.  Eisner's Vuguru subdivision of Tornante partnered with Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Media on October 26, 2009, securing plans to produce over 30 new web shows a year.  Rogers Media will help fund and distribute Vuguru's upcoming productions, solidifying a connection between traditional media and new media such as web series. Web series can be distributed directly from the producers' websites, through streaming services or via online video sharing websites .

Web 2.0
A number of web series incorporate interactive Web 2.0 features on their producer's websites, the show website, or other online fora. These Web 2.0 features enable viewers and fans to post comments online about episodes and link or "tag" favorite shows, episodes or video clips. These activities help to build viewer and fan engagement. Some producers use social media and social networking websites for the promotion of their web series and seek new viewers. As well, some producers monitor social media and networking comments as a way to obtain fan feedback on their shows.
A web series is simply a series of web videos, usually in serial form, posted on the Internet, that first appeared in the late 1990s and gained popularity in the early to mid-2000s. In this new digital millennium, a web series can reach a wide international audience just by making a quick and cleverly produced video. A web series can consist of an ensemble cast who create their own online characters to tell a story over the Internet. Some shows may use special computer-generated technology to create a virtual world filled with interactive interfaces and visual effects.

Awards
The Webby Awards, established in 1995, and the Indie Series Awards, established in 2009, recognize top web series in the comedy, drama, and reality TV categories. In 2009, the International Academy of Web Television was founded with the mission to organize and support the community of streaming television creators, actors, producers and executives. It administered the selection of winners for the Streamy Awards, (which awards streaming television and web series content,) in 2009 and 2010. Due to poor reception and execution from the 2010 Streamy Awards, the IAWTV decided to halt its production of the award ceremony. The IAWTV followed this decision by forming their own award presentation, the IAWTV Awards.

See also
 List of web series
 Streaming television
 Channel 101
 NewTeeVee
 Original net animation
 Podcast
 Streamy Awards
 Tubefilter

References

Computer-related introductions in 1995
New media
Digital media
Broadcasting

Web series


The Barclay Baronetcy, of Pierston in the County of Ayr, is a title in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. It was created on 22 October 1668 for Robert Barclay. The eighth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Newtown. The eleventh Baronet was a colonial administrator, the twelfth Baronet an army officer, and the fourteenth Baronet a naval officer, painter and botanist. Sir Colville Barclay, third son of the twelfth Baronet and father of the fourteenth Baronet, was a diplomat.

Barclay baronets, of Pierston (1668)
Sir Robert Barclay, 1st Baronet (died 1694)
Sir Robert Barclay, 2nd Baronet (1658–1717)
Sir Robert Barclay, 3rd Baronet (died 1728)
Sir James Barclay, 4th Baronet (died 1755)
Sir William Bloyes Barclay, 5th Baronet (c.1710–1756)
Sir William Barclay, 6th Baronet (1748–1769)
Sir James Mantle Barclay, 7th Baronet (1750–1793)
Sir Robert Barclay, 8th Baronet (1755–1839)
Sir Robert Barclay, 9th Baronet (1819–1859)
Sir David William Barclay, 10th Baronet (1804–1888)
Sir Colville Arthur Durell Barclay, CMG 11th Baronet (1829–1896)
Sir David Edward Durell Barclay, 12th Baronet (1858–1918)
Sir Robert Cecil de Belzim Barclay, 13th Baronet (1862–1930)
Sir Colville Herbert Sanford Barclay, 14th Baronet (1913–2010)
Sir Robert Colraine Barclay, 15th Baronet (born 1950)

References

Barclay
1668 establishments in Nova Scotia

Barclay baronets


Lawrence Bond (2 August 1907 – September 1974) was a British engineer and designer noted for designing several economical and lightweight vehicles, amongst which were the Bond Minicar, the Berkeley and the Bond Equipe GT.

Bond was born in Preston, Lancashire on 2 August 1907. His father was Frederick Charles Bond, a local historian and artist.  After attending Preston Grammar School, Bond worked for a variety of engineering firms, notably the Blackburn Aircraft Company during the second world war. He then went on to enjoy modest success as an amateur racing driver and racing car designer using knowledge gained from the aircraft industry of lightweight, stressed skin construction.  In 1948 he designed a small three-wheeled car for road use; this gained media -attention highlighting the design's commercial potential and provided the basis for the Bond Minicar.

In later life Bond ran a pub near Bowes in the North Riding of Yorkshire (since 1974 in County Durham) where he combined the role of freelance designer with that of publican. Later, ill health resulted in a return to Ansdell, Lancashire, where he died in September 1974, aged 67.

References

1907 births
1974 deaths
British automobile designers
People educated at Preston Grammar School

Lawrie Bond


Ajax may refer to:

Greek mythology and tragedy
 Ajax the Great, a Greek mythological hero, son of King Telamon and Periboea
 Ajax the Lesser, a Greek mythological hero, son of Oileus, the king of Locris
 Ajax (play), by the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles, about Ajax the Great

Arts and entertainment

Fictional characters
 Ajax Duckman, in the animated television series Duckman
 Marvel Comics:
 Ajax the Greater, another name for Ajak, one of the Eternals from Marvel Comics
 Ajax the Lesser, another name for Arex, one of the Eternals from Marvel Comics
 Ajax, a member of the Pantheon appearing in Marvel Comics
 Ajax (Francis Fanny), a fictional supervillain first appearing in Deadpool #14
 Martian Manhunter, a DC Comics superhero called Ajax in Brazil and Portugal
 Ajax, a Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 operative
 Ajax, from the video game Genshin Impact

Music
 A-Jax (band), a South Korean boy band
 Ajax (band), an electronic music band from New York City
 Ajax (opera), by the French composer Toussaint Bertin de la Doué
 DJ Ajax (1971-2013; born Adrian Thomas), an Australian electro mashup DJ
 Lisa Ajax (born 1998), Swedish singer
 "Ajax" (song), a song by Tante Leen, 1969
 Ajax Records, a former North American record company

Other arts and entertainment
 Ajax (painting), a painting by John Steuart Curry
 Ajax (Disney), a fictional company (the Disney equivalent of Looney Tunes' Acme Corporation)
 A-Jax (video game), a 1987 Konami arcade game

Computing
 Ajax (floppy disk controller), a floppy disk controller fitted to the Atari STE
 Ajax (programming), Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, a method used in web application development, and a software framework for it

Places

Canada
 Ajax (federal electoral district), in the Durham Region of Ontario
 Ajax (provincial electoral district), in Ontario
 Ajax, Ontario, a town in the Greater Toronto Area

United States
 Ajax, Louisiana, an unincorporated community
 Ajax, Missouri, a ghost town
 Ajax Peak, a summit near Telluride, Colorado
 Ajax, South Dakota, an unincorporated community
 Ajax, Utah, a ghost town
 Ajax, Virginia, an unincorporated community
 Ajax, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
 Aspen Mountain (Colorado), also known as Ajax Mountain

Elsewhere
 Mount Ajax, part of the Admiralty Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctic
 1404 Ajax, an asteroid

People
 Ajax (missionary), Arian missionary who converted the Suevi to Christianity ( 466)
 Ajax, pen name of Sidney William Jackson (1873–1946), Australian naturalist and ornithologist
 Ajax, nickname of Heinrich Bleichrodt (1909–1977), German World War II U-boat commander

Sport

Association football (soccer)
 AFC Ajax, a football club in Amsterdam, Netherlands
 Ajax Cape Town F.C., a South African football club
 Ajax Futebol Clube, a Brazilian football club
 Ajax de Ouenzé, a Congolese football club
 FC Ajax Lasnamäe, an Estonian football club
 Ajax Orlando Prospects, American soccer team from Orlando, Florida, a.k.a. Ajax America
 Ajax America Women, American women's soccer team from California
 Aias Salamina F.C., a football club in Salamina, Greece
 Ajax Sportsman Combinatie, a cricket and football club in Leiden, Netherlands
 Rabat Ajax F.C., a Maltese football club
 Unión Ájax, a football club in Trujillo, Honduras
 Voetbal Vereniging Ajax, a Surinamese football club

Other sports
 Ajax Kenitra, a Moroccan futsal (indoor football) club
 Ajax København, a Danish handball team
 Ajax (horse) (born 1901), a French Champion racehorse
 Ajax II (born 1934), an Australian Champion racehorse

Military
 , several ships of the Royal Navy
 , several ships of the US Navy
 General Dynamics Ajax, a family of armoured fighting vehicles for the British Army
 Operation Ajax, the 1953 Iranian coup d'état

Transport
 Ajax (1906 automobile), a Swiss automobile
 Ajax (1913 automobile), a French automobile by the American Briscoe brothers
 Ajax (1914 automobile), an American automobile by Ajax Motors Co. of Seattle, Washington
 Ajax (1921 automobile), an American prototype that was not produced
 Ajax (Nash Motors), an automobile brand of Nash Motors, 1925–1926
 Ajax (locomotive), several train locomotives
 Ajax (motorcycle), manufactured in England between 1923 and 1924
 Ajax (crane barge), a floating crane used to install the Panama Canal locks
 Ajax (ship), various ships
 Ajax GO Station, a  train and bus station in Ajax, Ontario, Canada
 Ajax Motors Co., an American carmaker, manufacturer of the Ajax (1914 automobile)

Other uses
 Ajax (cleaning product), a brand of household cleaning products
 AFC Ajax N.V., a sports company associated with AFC Ajax
 Kanichee Mine, Temagami, Ontario, also known as Ajax Mine
 Ajax High School, a public high school in Ajax, Ontario, Canada
 AJAX furnace, a type of open hearth furnace

See also

 Nike Ajax, the world's first operational surface-to-air missile
 Ayaks, a hypersonic waverider aircraft program started in the Soviet Union

Ajax


Ersoy is a Turkish surname. Er means man or soldier and soy means ancestry. Notable people with this surname include:
 Başak Ersoy (born 1991), Turkish female footballer
 Bülent Ersoy (born 1952), Turkish singer
 Mehmet Ersoy (born 1968), Turkish businessperson and current Minister of Culture and Tourism
 Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873-1936), Turkish poet
 Muazzez Ersoy (born 1958), Turkish female singer
 Okan Ersoy, Turkish-American scientist
 Şükrü Ersoy (born 1931), Turkish footballer
 Uğur Ersoy (born 1932), Turkish engineer and academic

Turkish-language surnames

Ersoy