Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory is a 2017 American animated direct-to-video musical comedy film starring the cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry. Produced by Warner Bros. Animation and Turner Entertainment Co., it is the first Tom and Jerry direct-to-video film to be distributed by Warner Bros. Home Entertainment internationally and is also the final Tom and Jerry direct-to-video film to be involved with Warner Bros. Animation's founder Hal Geer, who died on January 26, 2017. The film is an animated adaptation of the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory with the addition of Tom and Jerry as characters and seen through their point of view.

The film was released via digital media on June 27, 2017, and released on home media on July 11, 2017. It was panned by critics, who questioned why it was made and found Tom and Jerry's inclusion in the story to be forced and unnecessary.

Plot

Tom and Jerry chase each other while searching for food until Jerry disappears with a group of children who go to Bill's Candy Shop. The shop owner gives the children candy while Tom and Jerry continue their antics in the shop. Charlie Bucket, a poor paperboy, stops Tom from eating Jerry and befriends them by offering them a loaf of bread. While Charlie rushes home to his widowed mother and bedridden grandparents, Tom and Jerry steal a box of Wonka Bars from the shop. Grandpa Joe explains to Charlie that Willy Wonka locked his famous chocolate factory because other candy makers, including rival Arthur Slugworth, sent in spies to steal his recipes. Wonka disappeared for three years before he resumed selling candy; the origin of Wonka's labor force is unknown. Tom and Jerry arrive at Charlie's home with the Wonka Bars, but Charlie convinces the two that stealing is wrong and they should return the box.

The next day, Wonka announces that he hid five Golden Tickets in five Wonka Bars. Finders of the tickets will receive a factory tour and a lifetime supply of chocolate. Four of the tickets are found by gluttonous Augustus Gloop, spoiled Veruca Salt, chewing gum-addicted Violet Beauregard, and television-obsessed Mike TeeVee. As each winner is announced on television, a man whispers to them. Charlie opens one Wonka Bar, but finds no Golden Ticket and loses hope. The newspapers announce the fifth ticket was found by a millionaire in Paraguay named Alberto Minoleta.

Tom and Jerry earn a dollar coin by recycling milk bottles, but lose it in a gutter after fighting over it. Charlie finds the coin and uses it to buy a Wonka Bar for Grandpa Joe. The television news reveals that Minoleta has been arrested for forging his ticket. Charlie opens the Wonka Bar and finds the fifth Golden Ticket. While rushing home, he is confronted by the same man seen whispering to the other winners, who introduces himself as Slugworth and offers to pay for a sample of Wonka's latest creation, the Everlasting Gobstopper. Charlie returns home with the Golden Ticket and chooses Grandpa Joe as his chaperone. The next day, Wonka greets the winners at the factory gates; Tom and Jerry rush to the factory with the Golden Ticket that Grandpa Joe forgot. On Wonka's tour, the other children besides Charlie give into their temptations and are eliminated one by one, while Tom and Jerry interact with the factory as their antics continue separately.

Once only Charlie and Grandpa Joe remain, Wonka dismisses them without the promised chocolate. A small Oompa-Loompa intern named Tuffy warns Charlie that Slugworth and Spike have stolen a Gobstopper and are on their way out of the factory. Following a fight in the Wonkavision Room, Charlie stops Slugworth. After this, Charlie and Grandpa Joe confront Wonka on the end of the tour. Wonka coldly explains that they violated the contract by stealing Fizzy Lifting Drinks and allowing Tom and Jerry into the factory and therefore receive nothing. Infuriated at this, Grandpa Joe attempts to protest but Wonka angrily demands them all to leave at once. Grandpa Joe then furiously suggests to Charlie that he should give Slugworth the Gobstopper, but Charlie returns the candy to Wonka. Because of this, Wonka declares Charlie the winner. He reveals that Slugworth is really Mr. Wilkinson, an employee of his, and the offer to buy the Gobstopper was a morality test which only Charlie passed.

The trio and Tuffy, now an official Oompa-Loompa, enter the "Wonkavator", a multi-directional glass elevator that flies out of the factory. Tom shrinks Wilkinson and Spike for the troubles they put him and the others through the day and he and Jerry use Fizzy Lifting Drinks to catch up with the Wonkavator. Soaring over the city, Wonka reveals that his actual prize is the factory itself; Wonka created the contest to find a worthy heir and Charlie and his family can immediately move in, including Tom and Jerry. Minoleta, now out of custody, follows them as well.

Voice cast

 Spike Brandt as Tom, Jerry (both uncredited) and Spike
 JP Karliak as Willy Wonka
 Jess Harnell as Grandpa Joe, Bill the Candy Shop owner and Sam Beauregarde
 Lincoln Melcher as Charlie Bucket
 Mick Wingert as Mr. Slugworth / Mr. Wilkinson
 Lori Alan as Mrs. Teavee
 Jeff Bergman as Alberto Minoleta, American Reporter
 Rachel Butera as Augustus Gloop, Winkelmann
 Kate Higgins as Mrs. Bucket
 Dallas Lovato as Violet Beauregarde
 Emily O'Brien as Veruca Salt
 Sean Schemmel as Mr. Salt, Mr. Turkentine
 Kath Soucie as Tuffy the Oompa Loompa intern
 Jim Ward as Anchorman, German Reporter
 Audrey Wasilewski as Mrs. Gloop
 Lauren Weisman as Mike Teavee

Reception
The trailer for Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory was released in April 2017 and was met with a negative reception, with some critics questioning why the film was made. Ryan Scott of MovieWeb reacted to the trailer by describing it as "just the latest in a long line of these uncalled for mashups."

In a review of the film, Beth Elderkin of Gizmodo wrote: "Tom and Jerry: Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory is not just stupid, it's insulting. It's a cheap mockbuster with a cat and mouse artlessly, needlessly inserted."

References

External links

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Willy Wonka
2017 animated films
2017 films
2017 direct-to-video films
2010s fantasy comedy films
2010s children's comedy films
2010s musical comedy films
2010s American animated films
American children's animated comedy films
American children's animated fantasy films
American children's animated musical films
Animated films based on animated series
American fantasy adventure films
American fantasy comedy films
American musical comedy films
American musical fantasy films
Animated films based on children's books
Animated films based on British novels
Animated crossover films
Animated films about children
Films about chocolate
Films based on works by Roald Dahl
Films directed by Spike Brandt
Films scored by Michael Tavera
Films set in factories
Tom and Jerry films
Warner Bros. Animation animated films
Warner Bros. direct-to-video animated films
2010s musical fantasy films
2017 comedy films
2010s children's animated films
2010s English-language films


Thuluth (,  or , ; , Sols; Turkish: Sülüs, from  "one-third") is an Arabic script variety of Islamic calligraphy. The straight angular forms of Kufic were replaced in the new script by curved and oblique lines. In Thuluth, one-third of each letter slopes, from which the name (meaning "a third" in Arabic) comes. An alternative theory to the meaning is that the smallest width of the letter is one third of the widest part. It is an elegant, cursive script, used in medieval times on mosque decorations. Various calligraphic styles evolved from Thuluth through slight changes of form.

History
The greatest contributions to the evolution of the Thuluth script occurred in the Ottoman Empire in three successive steps that Ottoman art historians call "calligraphical revolutions":

The first revolution occurred in the 15th century and was initiated by the master calligrapher Sheikh Hamdullah.
The second revolution resulted from the work of the Ottoman calligrapher Hâfız Osman in the 17th century.
Finally, in the late 19th century, Mehmed Şevkî Efendi gave the script the distinctive shape it has today.

Artists
The best known artist to write the Thuluth script at its zenith is said to be Mustafa Râkım Efendi (1757–1826), a painter who set a standard in Ottoman calligraphy which many believe has not been surpassed to this day.

Usage
Thuluth was used to write the headings of surahs, Qur'anic chapters. Some of the oldest copies of the Qur'an were written in Thuluth. Later copies were written in a combination of Thuluth and either Naskh or Muhaqqaq. After the 15th century Naskh came to be used exclusively.

The script is used in the Flag of Saudi Arabia where its text, Shahada al Tawhid, is written in Thuluth.

Style
An important aspect of Thuluth script is the use of harakat ("hareke" in Turkish) to represent vowel sounds and of certain other stylistic marks to beautify the script. The rules governing the former are similar to the rules for any Arabic script. The stylistic marks have their own rules regarding placement and grouping which allow for great creativity as to shape and orientation. For example, one grouping technique is to separate the marks written below letters from those written above.

Scripts developed from Thuluth
Since its creation, Thuluth has given rise to a variety of scripts used in calligraphy and over time has allowed numerous modifications. Jeli Thuluth was developed for use in large panels, such as those on tombstones. Muhaqqaq script was developed by widening the horizontal sections of the letters in Thuluth. Naskh script introduced a number of modifications resulting in smaller size and greater delicacy. Tawqi is a smaller version of Thuluth.

Ruq'ah was probably derived from the Thuluth and Naskh styles, the latter itself having originated from Thuluth.

Gallery

References

External links

 Thuluth Script

Arabic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy

Thuluth


Bajram Rexhepi (3 June 1954 – 21 August 2017), was a Kosovar politician who served as the first elected post-war prime minister and later as interior minister of Kosovo and as a member of the Kosovo Assembly. He was a member of the second largest political party in Kosovo, the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK).

Early life and education
Rexhepi was born in Mitrovica, Kosovo on 3 June 1954. He graduated from the University of Prishtina and completed his postgraduate studies at the University of Zagreb in 1985.

Early career
Rexhepi spent most of his career working as a surgeon and achieved fame as the best surgeon for circumcisions in the Mitrovica region. During the 1999 Kosovo War, Rexhepi joined the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and spent three months serving as a field doctor.  He served as mayor of the Albanian section of Mitrovica, working with United Nations and NATO peacekeepers to implement ideas to diminish the civil unrest.

As Serbs and Albanians had broken off all dialogue, Rexhepi offered to give up his position in favour of a UN administrator, but Serbs rejected this proposal.

Prime Minister

In the general elections of November 2001 in Kosovo, Rexhepi's party won 25.7 percent of the votes, second only to Ibrahim Rugova's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), and Rexhepi was appointed prime minister by the Assembly of Kosovo on 4 March 2002.

Bajram Rexhepi was a compromise candidate to lead the broad-coalition government with the support of all parties represented in parliament. LDK declined to support Rexhepi's party leader, Hashim Thaçi, as a potential prime minister; other parties declined to enter into a smaller coalition with LDK. Ultimately, parties reached a political agreement whereby Rugova was elected president and Rexhepi appointed the first post-war prime minister.

With key powers reserved for the UN administration, Rexhepi's cabinet included nine ministers as follows:

 Ali Sadria (LDK), Economy and Finance
 Ali Jakupi (PDK), Trade and Industry
 Rexhep Osmani (LDK), Education, Science and Technology
 Behxhet Brajshori (LDK), Culture, Youth, Sports and Non-Resident Affairs
 Zef Morina (PShDK), Transport and Communications
 Ahmet Jusufi (AAK), Labor and Social Welfare
 Et'hem Çeku (AAK), Spatial Planning
 Jakup Krasniqi (PDK), Public Services
 Numan Balić (SDA), Health

In the following general elections, held on 24 October 2004, the Democratic Party of Kosovo came second and won 30 seats in the parliament.

Minister of Interior
On 1 April 2010, Rexhepi was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, replacing Zenun Pajaziti. On 22 February 2011 the Assembly confirmed Rexhepi in his post within the new Cabinet led by Prime Minister Hashim Thaçi

Post-politics, illness, and death
Rexhepi left politics in 2014 to resume his career as a surgeon. In April 2017, Rexhepi suffered multiple strokes, which left him in a coma. After several days of treatment in Kosovo, Rexhepi was sent for further treatment in Turkey. On 21 August 2017, Rexhepi died at a hospital in Istanbul at the age of 63.

Notes

References

External links

1954 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Mitrovica, Kosovo
Prime ministers of Kosovo
Kosovo Albanians
Democratic Party of Kosovo politicians
Interior ministers of Kosovo
Kosovan Muslims
Kosovan surgeons
Yugoslav surgeons
Mayors of Mitrovica (Kosovo)

Bajram Rexhepi


Tokio Hotel is a German pop-rock  band. The band began in 2001, and were first called Devilish. The people who are in the band all came from Magdeburg in Germany. The youngest, the Kaulitz twins, were born two months before the Berlin Wall was taken down.

History

Tokio Hotel was started by singer Bill Kaulitz and guitarist Tom Kaulitz, who are identical twin brothers. Their step father owns a music school named "Rock School". The drummer is Gustav Schäfer and bass-guitarist is Georg Listing. The four met in 2001 after a live show in a Magdeburg club, where Listing and Schäfer, who knew each other from music school, watched from the audience while Bill and Tom Kaulitz played on the stage. Using the name "Devilish", the band began playing in talent shows and small concerts. After Bill Kaulitz took part in a children's Star Search in 2003 at age thirteen (which he lost in the quarter-final), he was discovered by music producer Peter Hoffmann. Devilish changed their name to "Tokio Hotel": "Tokio", the German spelling of the Japanese city Tokyo, because they love the city, and "Hotel" because of their constant touring and living in hotels. Soon after Sony BMG took them under contract, Hoffmann hired David Jost and Pat Benzner into the team of creators and authors. They guided the teens on songwriting and instrument playing; most of the songs of the first album were written by Hoffmann, Jost, Benzer, and Bill Kaulitz (including the singles "Scream" and "Rescue me" which were completely written by them). Only the single "Unendlichkeit" was written completely by Tokio Hotel themselves. However, shortly before release of their first album, Sony ended their contract. In 2005, Universal Music Group took Tokio Hotel under contract and developed a marketing plan. The band has now become one of the biggest acts from Germany.

Members
 Bill Kaulitz (Vocals)
Bill Kaulitz (born September 1 1989, in Leipzig, Germany) is the lead singer of Tokio Hotel. He is the twin brother of Tom Kaulitz. Bill is ten minutes younger than Tom. They used to live in Magdeburg, Germany. Before making Tokio Hotel, the band was called Devilish. Bill was on the German star search but he lost in 2001. Because of Bill going on the Star Search he came to be known by Peter Hoffman. Tokio Hotel soon got a job with Sony but in 2005 Sony ended it. After the first European tour, Bill lost his voice and found out he had cyst on his vocal cords. He had surgery and it took three weeks to get better. He then went back to having concerts with the band.

 Tom Kaulitz (Lead Guitar)
Tom Kaulitz was born on September 1 1989, in Leipzig ten minutes before his identical twin brother, Bill. He is from Magdeburg in Germany. Tom and Bill now live in Berlin, Germany. As of September 2007, Tom is using Gibson guitars. He has stated his musical influences to be Aerosmith and German hip-hop such as Samy Deluxe.

 Georg Listing (Bass Guitar)
Georg Listing was born on March 31 1987. His hometown is Halle. He began playing bass when he was thirteen years old, as of September 2007, uses a Sandberg bass. He has said that his playing style was heavily influenced by Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers, and other musical influences include Die Ärzte and Oasis.

 Gustav Schäfer (Drummer)
Gustav Schäfer was born on September 8 1988, in his hometown of Magdeburg, and has an older sister. Gustav has been playing the drums since he was five. His musical influences include Metallica, Joe Cocker and Rod Stewart.

Awards

2005

 Oct 2005: Comet Awards: Best Newcomer
 Oct 2005: Comet Awards: Super Comet
 Nov 2005: Eins Live Krone: Best Newcomer
 Dec 2005: Bambi Awards: Best Pop National
 2005: Golden Penguin: Best Single
 2005: Golden Penguin: Best Pop
 2005: Golden Penguin: Rock Band

2006

 Feb 2006: Golden Penguin: Album of the year
 Feb 2006: Golden Penguin: Band of the year
 Feb 2006: Golden Penguin: Song of the year - 'Der Letzte Tag'
 March 2006: Sold-out-Award of Königpilsen Arena: Ausverkaufte Tourhalle
 March 2006: ECHO Awards: Best Newcomer
 March 2006: Steiger Awards: Best Newcomer
 Nov 2006: Bambi Awards: Best Pop National Act

2007

 Jan 2007: European Border Breakers Award (for the album "Schrei")
 Jan 2007: BZ-Kulturpreis: (Rock)
 Mar 2007: Echo: Best Music Video
 Apr 2007: Bravo - Goldener Otto: Superrockband
 May 2007: Viva Comet: Supercomet
 May 2007: Viva Comet: Best Band
 May 2007: Viva Comet: Best Music Video
 Jul 2007: Jabra Music: Die Beste Band )(The Best Band)
 Sep 2007: Festivalbar Premio Digital
 Sep 2007: Goldene Stimmgabel: Best Rock International
 Oct 2007: Belgian TMF awards: Best Video
 Oct 2007: Belgian TMF awards: Best Album
 Oct 2007: Belgian TMF awards: Best Pop
 Oct 2007: Belgian TMF awards: Best New Artist
 Nov 2007: MTV Europe Music Awards (Munich): Inter Act
 Nov 2007: Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards (Milão) - Best Band

2008
 Jan 2008: NRJ Music: Best International Band
 Feb 2008: Echo Awards: Best Music Video
 Feb 2008: Comet Awards: Best Band
 Feb 2008: Comet Awards: Best Video
 Feb 2008: Comet Awards: Best Live Act
 Feb 2008: Comet Awards: Super Comet
 Sep 2008: MTV VMA Music Awards: Best New Artist
 Oct 2008: TMF Awards: Best Male Artist International(Bill Kaulitz)
 Oct 2008: TMF Awards: Best Video International
 Oct 2008: MTV Latin America Awards: Song of the Year
 Oct 2008: MTV Latin America Awards: Best Fanclub-Venezuela
 Oct 2008: MTV Latin America Awards: Best New Artist-International
 Oct 2008: MTV Latin America Awards: Best Ringtone
 Nov 2008: MTV EMA Music Awards: Headliner

2010
April 2010: GEMA German Music Authors Award
 October 2010: MTV best world stage performance

Discography

Singles

 August 15, 2005: Durch Den Monsun
 November 25, 2005: Schrei
 March 10, 2006: Rette Mich
 August 28, 2006: Der Letzte Tag / Wir Schließen Uns Ein January 26, 2007: Übers Ende der Welt April 7, 2007: Spring Nicht May 12, 2007: Monsoon August 27, 2007: Ready, Set, Go!
 November 16, 2007: An Deiner Seite (Ich Bin Da) / 1000 Meere
 September 18, 2009: Automatic / Automatisch
 December 18, 2009: World behind my wall / Lass uns laufen

DVD's

 December 2, 2005: Leb die Sekunde - Behind The Scenes
 April 7, 2006: Schrei Live
 April 7, 2007: Spring Nicht
 November 30, 2007: Zimmer 483 - Live In Europe
 December 5, 2008: Tokio Hotel TV - Caught on Camera

References

German rock bands
German pop music groups
Emo bands
Magdeburg

Tokio Hotel


The National Topographic System or NTS is the system used by Natural Resources Canada for providing general purpose topographic maps of the country. NTS maps are available in a variety of scales, the standard being 1:50,000 and 1:250,000 scales. The maps provide details on landforms and terrain, lakes and rivers, forested areas, administrative zones, populated areas, roads and railways, as well as other human-made features. These maps are currently used by all levels of government and industry for forest fire and flood control (as well as other environmental issues), depiction of crop areas, right-of-way, real estate planning, development of natural resources and highway planning.  To add context, land area outside Canada is depicted on the 1:250,000 maps, but not on the 1:50,000 maps.

History
Topographic mapping in Canada was originally undertaken by many different agencies, with the Canadian Army's Intelligence Branch forming a survey division to create a more standardized mapping system in 1904.  The indexing system used today was established in 1923, and the map catalogue officially became the National Topographic System in 1926.

Subdivisions

The subdivision scheme that the National Topographic System uses is known as the National Tiling System, which also functions as a coarse method of geocoding.  This scheme initially splits the country into three major "zones", each spanning a different range of latitudes.  The "Southern zone" covers latitudes between 40°N and 68°N, the "Arctic zone" covers latitudes between 68°N and 80°N, and the "High Arctic zone" covers latitudes between 80°N and 88°N.  The National Tiling System is capable of covering all points with latitudes ranging from 40°N to 80°N and longitudes from 48°W to 144°W, as well as all points with latitudes ranging from 80°N to 88°N and longitudes from 56°W to 136°W.

Each National Tiling System zone is divided into individual 1:1,000,000 scale "map series", denoted by a number indicating its general position in the country (e.g., 30); which each map series divided into several 1:250,000 scale "map areas", denoted by a letter (e.g., M); and each map area divided into 1:50,000 scale "map sheets", denoted by a number (e.g., 13).  These numbers and letters are then combined to form a unique designator for a map sheet, in this case, , identifying a map sheet which includes the city of Vaughan, Ontario.  Some map sheets are further sub-divided at their central meridian into two 1:50,000 scale "half-sheets", with an E or W appended onto the map sheet designator.

All map series span four degrees of latitude, but each spans a different range of longitudes depending on the zone it is located in.  Map series in the Southern and Arctic zones span eight degrees of longitude, while those in the High Arctic zone span sixteen degrees of longitude.  In the Southern and Arctic zones, the National Tiling System numbers map series by latitude and longitude.  After padding a map series number to three digits using leading zeroes, the last digit in a map series number indicates a specific range of latitudes, and the number formed by the other digits indicates a specific range of longitudes.  In the High Arctic zone, map series numbers are three digits, with the first two digits of each number inherited from the two map series in the Arctic zone immediately to the south.

In the Southern zone, map series are divided into sixteen map areas, each assigned a letter from A through P, while in the Arctic and High Arctic zones, they are split into eight map areas, each assigned a letter from A through H.  The letters are assigned in a boustrophedon pattern starting with the southeasternmost map area in a series.

Each map area in turn is split into sixteen map sheets, numbered from 1 through 16 in an identical boustrophedon pattern to the map areas.  And the overall design of the National Tiling System allows the longitude span of a map sheet to essentially double at a zone boundary.

Each of these 1:50,000 sheets, in turn, was at one time split into eight 1:25,000 scale map sub-sheets, lettered as lower-case a to h, using the same boustrophedon pattern as the smaller-scale map areas and sheets.  These 1:25,000 scale maps were produced from the 1960s to about 1975, then abandoned, and liquidated in the 1980s (along with the scattered coverage of the 1:500,000 and 1:125,000 scale).

Not all National Topographic System maps strictly follow the National Tiling System's linear grid.  Some maps also cover land in an area which would otherwise be covered by an adjacent map sheet, simply because the latter area does not contain enough land in Canada to warrant a separate printing.

See also
International Map of the World

References

External links
 The National Topographic System
 The Atlas of Canada - Toporama

Geography of Canada
Map series
Map series of Canada
Topography
Land surveying systems

National Topographic System


The Silver Centenary is a biplane which was built in Beverley, Western Australia between 1929 and 1930 by a local named Selby Ford. Plans for the plane, which was named in honour of Western Australia's 1929 centenary, were drawn to scale on the floor of the Beverley powerhouse which Ford owned. The aircraft made its inaugural flight on 1 July 1930 and was flown for the next 18 months, but after Ford proved unable to provide the authorities with blue prints and technical specifications, it was mothballed in 1933.

Overview

For the next thirty years, the aircraft hung from the roof of the Beverley powerhouse. After Ford's death from a car accident in 1963, the people of Beverley created an aviation museum with the Silver Centenary as the featured piece.

In 2006, Ford's grandson Rod Edwards retrieved the plane from the museum to enable restoration, which caused much concern to the people of Beverley. As part of the restoration, Mr Edwards decided to obtain airworthy certification for the plane, and in August 2007 the Silver Centenary received its airworthy certificate 77 years after it was originally built.

Construction
Original plans for the Silver Centenary were sketched in chalk on the floor of the Beverley powerhouse in 1928, and from these plans templates were made. With the help of the local butcher Tom Shackle, the frame was crafted out of spruce and maple timber. Tom's sister Elsie sewed all the fabric for the aircraft. As the plane took shape resembling that of a Tiger Moth, Ford undertook an Australia wide search for an engine. During the Western Australian Centenary Air Race in 1929 a competitor crashed in Baandee 120 km from Beverley, and Ford purchased the undamaged engine for £170. This purchase was mentioned in a Sydney Newspaper which brought the project to the attention of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), who sent WA aviation inspector Jim Collopy to inspect the work:

Collopy indicated that Ford would need to register the plane and suggested strengthening of the undercarriage. Ford made the modifications and painted the first part of the aircraft registration on the plane. In June 1930 Ford notified the CAA that the plane was ready for its maiden flight. Piloted by Captain C.H. Nesbitt of Western Air Services, the flight took place on 1 July 1930. The plane was towed from the powerhouse along the main street of Beverley to Benson's paddock, and most of the town turned out to watch, although the shire council voiced its disapproval at Ford for taking such a risk.

Flights
Arriving at Benson's paddock Nesbitt climbed aboard and started the engine. Originally intending just to taxi around the field, Nesbitt was in the air within few seconds. After flying for 25 minutes Nesbitt landed, later remarking that it felt so right he decided to "give it the gun". Nesbitt then made series of 10-minute joyflights, first with Ford, then Shackles, followed by Ford's sisters Rita and then Elsie.

On 4 July Ford with Nesbitt at the controls flew to Northam to meet up with and escort Amy Johnson and de Havilland to Perth. Receiving the news that Johnson had been delayed in Kalgoorlie, Ford and Nesbitt flew onto Maylands Airport where West Australian airways made hangar space available for the Silver Centenary. When Johnson arrived she inspected the Silver Centenary and expressed disappointment that bad weather prevented her from flying the plane. On 14 July the Silver Centenary returned to Beverley, with the shire council congratulating Ford and offering to assist with any further events.

Captain Nesbitt died, along with his two pupils, on 13 October 1930, whilst flying an almost-new Puss Moth on a training flight from Maylands Aerodrome and return. The Puss Moth suffered a wing main spar failure at its root, resulting in detachment of the starboard wing.The Silver Centenary wasn't flown again until April 1931. During these flights the pilot became concerned about the lack of a complete registration number and contacted the CAA. It was revealed that the Silver Centenary was designated as an experimental and had been restricted to flying only within 5 kms of Beverley. Ford was unaware of the restriction until that time and then applied for permission to return the plane to Beverley, which occurred in September 1931.

Ford applied to have the aircraft licensed but without blue prints, stress charts and other design documents the CAA refused to grant an airworthy certificate. In December 1931, permission was granted for the plane to be flown to Narrogin for an air show conditional that it didn't carry any passengers during the flight and that it wasn't flown during the show. The return flight to Beverley on 6 December 1931 would become Silver Centenary's last flight for almost 76 years. The log books for the Silver Centenary show that it flew for a total of 9 hours 40 minutes across 21 flights, though many of its flights were not recorded. In 1932, permission was sought to use the plane for mining exploration in the goldfields around Kalgoorlie; this was declined. In 1933 Ford returned the plane to the powerhouse, where it hung from the roof until after his death in 1963.

Museum
In 1962, the Western Australian Museum expressed an interest in buying the Silver Centenary, but with Ford's death in a motor vehicle accident in 1963, the people of Beverley started the Selby Ford Memorial Fund, the purpose of which was to keep the plane in Beverley as a tribute to Ford. In January 1964, the Silver Centenary was lowered from the roof of the powerhouse and a wall was removed enabling the aircraft to be moved. After being cleaned up, the Silver Centenary was put into storage again until completion of the Beverley Aviation Museum in 1967, where it became the feature piece.

There is a wonderful interactive display, complete with a 1:5 scale model, exact replica of the silver centenary plane built in Beverley, located at the Beverley Visitor Centre, 141 Vincent Street Beverley, Western Australia.

Restoration

In 2006 Rod Edwards, the grandson of Ford and current owner of the Silver Centenary, decided to restore the aircraft. As part of the restoration he undertook the requirement to obtain an airworthy certificate. Since the plane has become an icon of the shire, Edwards' plans caused concern amongst the locals. Shire councilor Belinda Foster said "The town wasn't very happy about it going...its on the shire's crest,"

References
The Silver Centenary flies again by Jonathan Beal ABC News (Australia)
Sliver Centenary Airways Museum

1930s Australian sport aircraft
Centenary of Western Australia
Biplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1930

Silver Centenary


Widescreen is a video format with a greater aspect ratio than 4:3.  Widescreens have long been used in some movies.  In the early 21st century it also became very popular for television and other things like Computer monitors.

Widescreen is often used as a nickname for the 16:9 aspect ratio of television screens. This means that if the television screen was sixteen inches wide it would have to be nine inches tall. Most 20th century television screens were 4:3 which means if it was four inches wide it would have to be three inches tall.  A widescreen could be any size with the same ratio.  For example, a screen could be 32 feet wide and 18 feet tall and still be considered widescreen.

Display technology

Widescreen


A drip chamber is a device used to allow gas (such as air) to rise out from a fluid so that it is not passed downstream. It is commonly employed in delivery systems of intravenous therapy and acts to prevent air embolism.

The use of a drip chamber also allows an estimate of the rate at which fluid is administered. For a fluid of a given viscosity, drips from a hole of known size will be of nearly identical volume, and the number of drips in a minute can be counted to gauge the rate of flow. In this instance the rate of flow is usually controlled by a clamp on the infusion tubing; this affects the resistance to flow. However, other sources of resistance (such as whether the vein is kinked or compressed by the patient's position) cannot be so directly controlled and a change in position may change the rate of flow leading to inadvertently rapid or slow infusion. Where this might be problematic an infusion pump can be used which gives a more accurate measurement of flow rate.

Drip chambers can be classified into macro-drip (about 10 to 20 gtts/ml) and micro-drip (about 60 gtts/ml) based on their drop factors. For a given drip chamber (when the fluid drips from the hole into the chamber) drop factor means number of drops per ml of the IV fluid. Flow rate can be calculated with the help of the observations from the drip chamber and its drop factor. The unit of flow rate is gtts/min, where gtts means guttae (Latin plural noun meaning "drops").

References

Drug delivery devices

Medical devices

Drip chamber


Gary Clement (born July 1959) is a Canadian artist, illustrator and writer living in Toronto, Ontario.

Clement is the daily political cartoonist for Canada's National Post in Toronto since the newspaper's launch in 1998. His illustration work has appeared in magazines and newspapers including Mother Jones, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Time, The Guardian, and The National (Abu Dhabi). His work has been selected for American Illustration on numerous occasions.

His second children's picture book, The Great Poochini, received the Governor General's Award for Children's Literature Illustration in 1999. In 2007 one of his cartoons was a Top 10 selection by Time and his work has frequently appeared in The Sunday New York Times Week in Review section.

He was nominated for the Governor General's Award for the books "Just Stay Put", which he also wrote, and "Oy Feh So?" written by Cary Fagan.

He has illustrated children's books by a number of other writers.

Clement also paints and draws. His art is represented in Toronto by Dianna Witte Gallery. https://diannawitte.com/artists.php

Selected works
As writer and illustrator

 Just Stay Put: A Chelm Story (Folk & Fairytales), (Groundwood Books, 1996) – finalist, Governor General's Award for Illustration
 The Great Poochini, (Groundwood, 1999) – winner, Governor General's Award for Children's Book Illustration
  "Swimming, Swimming" (Groundwood, 2015)

As illustrator only

 Get Growing!: How the Earth Feeds Us, (Groundwood, 1991), by Candace Savage
 Stories from Adam and Eve to Ezekiel: Retold from the Bible, (Groundwood, 2004), by Celia Barker Lottridge
 One-Eye! Two-Eyes! Three-Eyes!: A Very Grimm Fairy Tale, (Simon & Schuster, 2006), by Aaron Shepard
 Ten Old Men and a Mouse, (Tundra Books, 2007), by Cary Fagan
 A Coyote Solstice Tale, (Groundwood, 2009), by Thomas King
 "Oy Feh So?", (Groundwood, 2013) by Cary Fagan
 "The Hockey Song", (Greystone Books), by Stompin' Tom Connors
 "My Winter City"' (Groundwood, 2019) by James Gladstone

References

External links

1959 births
Canadian children's book illustrators
Canadian editorial cartoonists
Governor General's Award-winning children's illustrators
Artists from Toronto
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)

Gary Clement


'Bunting tosser'  or 'Bunts' is an informal term used in the Royal Navy to describe the sailors who hoist signal flags. Although dating from the period of signalling by flags, it has survived as a general term for naval signallers. Wireless operators may also be termed 'sparkers'.

Bunting is now a commonplace term for any small decorative flags or streamers strung on a line, but its original etymology is more specific as the worsted cloth used for flags in the Navy.

The term doesn't appear in Covey-Crump, although that is a far from infallible source.

Although the naval term, 'bunting tosser' is known across the services, and may be used as a jocular insult amongst Army signallers, its use implies that the intended is only fit for the Navy.

References

Nautical slang
Royal Navy traditions

Bunting tosser


The Episcopal Diocese of Newark is a diocese of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America comprising the northern third of New Jersey in the United States.  The Diocese represents the Anglican Communion, of which the Episcopal Church is a province, and presides over Episcopal parishes, missions, outreach ministries and schools in the New Jersey counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, Warren, and one church in Union County.

History
Though Newark was originally a Puritan settlement, Anglicans have been worshipping in the area since 1695. An Anglican congregation was established in Newark by 1729 and a church, Trinity Church, was under construction in 1742. Two other current parishes, Christ Church in what is now Belleville (1746) and Christ Church in Newton (1769), were established by charter of the British Crown. The church, with its association with Britain, suffered during the American Revolutionary War, but by the time the first bishop of New Jersey was elected in 1815, there were 27 congregations. By 1832, there were 85 congregations statewide.

The Diocese of Northern New Jersey was separated from the larger Diocese of New Jersey in 1874. The new diocese had 64 congregations and established Christ Hospital in Jersey City. The diocese took its present name in 1886, and by 1903 there were over 100 congregations. Despite the Great Depression that number rose to 153 by 1931.

In June 1967, the region was rocked by the Newark riots which began the diocese's growing role as a catalyst for social change. The first-ever national conference for black empowerment took place at Trinity Cathedral, and in 1969 the Rev. Canon Dillard Robinson became the first African-American dean of any Episcopal cathedral. Bishop Leland Stark was also vocal in the peace movement during the Vietnam War and in favor of women's ordination to the priesthood. His successor, George Edward Rath, would during his tenure advocate adoption of the 1979 Book of Common Prayer and two of the Philadelphia Eleven (the first female priests ordained in the USA) eventually became priests of the Diocese.

The next bishop, John Shelby Spong, was and remains a lightning-rod for controversy. In addition to his positions on war and the ordination of women, Spong advocated for the ordination of gay and lesbian clergy, a stance which drew much criticism and continues to be a subject for much contention in the church. Since his retirement, Spong enjoyed considerable success as a writer and public speaker. Under Spong's watch, the Oasis Commission, the first diocesan ministry to LGBT persons, was formed. Spong's many books have challenged Christian orthodoxy, including the Virgin Birth and the physical Resurrection of Jesus. He also described as "barbaric" the notion that Jesus Christ died for the sins of all mankind.

Under the ninth bishop, John P. Croneberger, the diocese continued to be in the vanguard of radical inclusion. Croneberger directed the creation of an established liturgy for the blessing of same-sex relationships, oversaw the massive diocesan response to the September 11 attacks, and brought the ownership of Christ Hospital back under diocesan control.

Croneberger also established a Canon for Congregational Development, which is helping churches with the challenging task of planning for the future. In the past 30 or so years the diocese has struggled to keep up with the growing population in the region. 23 congregations have closed (compared with a 2% increase nationwide) due to dropping attendance. A major obstacle is the concentration of churches, many of which are over 100 years old, in traditional population centers that do not reflect the growth patterns in the state. Numerous churches are within five miles of 15 other congregations. Another diocesan commission, the Bethsaida Team, helps churches overcome obstacles for people with disabilities.

Between 2000 and 2004, donations from parishioners increased 11.5 percent, but Sunday attendance decreased 11.8 percent since 2000.

From 2005 to 2010 not only did attendance decrease, but so did donations and several churches were closed.

Tenth bishop

On September 23, 2006, the Rev. Mark M. Beckwith, a former associate rector of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Morristown, New Jersey, was elected bishop of Newark on the third ballot from a field of six candidates. He was consecrated on January 27, 2007 at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark.

The election brought some controversy because one candidate, Michael Barlowe, was openly gay.  The New York Times reported that the announcement of the candidate list coincided with two calls for restraint on the issue. The first plea was from the national church's 75th General Convention. The second was a proposal from Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Rowan Williams that could exclude provinces with gay bishops from full membership of the Anglican Communion.

Eleventh bishop
On May 19, 2018, the Rev. Carlye J. Hughes was elected from among three candidates on the first ballot to be the eleventh Bishop of Newark. She was consecrated on September 22, 2018, at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark. She was previously the rector at Trinity Episcopal Church in Fort Worth, Texas, which is in the continuing Episcopal Diocese of Fort Worth (Episcopal Church). She is the first woman and the first African-American to hold the office.

Bishops of the Episcopal Diocese of Newark

References

External links
Diocese of Newark
History of the Diocese of Newark
Election of the 10th Bishop of Newark — with candidate biographies
Louie Crew's Page on the Diocese of Newark
Journal of the Annual Convention, Diocese of Newark

Anglican dioceses established in the 19th century
Newark
Diocese of Newark

Province 2 of the Episcopal Church (United States)
Religious organizations established in 1884

Episcopal Diocese of Newark


Adrienne Kress is a Canadian author and actress.

Career
Adrienne Kress is the author of the children's novels Alex and the Ironic Gentleman and Timothy and the Dragon's Gate (Scholastic), as well as the Young Adult novels, The Friday Society (Penguin) and Outcast (Diversion Books).

In 2016 and 2017 she released two new Middle Grade novels, each the first in an upcoming series: The Explorers: The Door in the Alley (Random House) and Hatter Madigan: Ghost in the H.A.T.B.O.X., the latter in collaboration with The New York Times bestselling author Frank Beddor (set in the same world as his Looking Glass Wars trilogy).

Hatter Madigan: Ghost in the H.A.T.B.O.X. was announced on The View with Adrienne cosplaying as Alyss Heart, one of the series' protagonists, along with Whoopi Goldberg who supported the Kickstarter campaign for the creation of a Looking Glass Wars graphic novel and bought a reward to have the character The Queen of Clubs in the book series based on her.

Also in 2016, her essay appeared alongside Margaret Atwood and Mariko Tamaki in the non-fiction anthology The Secret Loves Of Geek Girls (Bedside Press).

Spring 2018 will see the release of the second book in The Explorers series: The Reckless Rescue.

Adrienne has also been featured on InnerSPACE for her work incorporating the martial art of Bartitsu made famous by Arthur Conan Doyle into The Friday Society.

Film Adaptations
According to Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, the film rights to Alex and the Ironic Gentleman have been bought by The Weinstein Company.

According to Variety and Quill & Quire, Disney is adapting The Explorers with Academy Award Nominee Michael De Luca attached as producer.

Awards
Alex and the Ironic Gentleman won the Heart of Hawick Children's Book Award in the UK and was nominated for the Red Cedar in Canada.
Timothy and the Dragon's Gate was nominated for the Audie (USA) and the Manitoba Young Readers Choice Award (Canada).

Bibliography

Novels
 Kress, Adrienne. The Friday Society (Dial Penguin [Razorbill Canada] 2012)
 Kress, Adrienne. Outcast (Diversion Books, 2013)
 Kress, Adrienne. Hatter Madigan: Ghost in the H.A.T.B.O.X. (Automatic Publishing, 2016)

The Explorers series
Kress, Adrienne. The Explorers: The Door in the Alley (Delacorte Random House, 2017)
Kress, Adrienne. The Explorers: The Reckless Rescue (Delacorte Random House, 2018)
Kress, Adrienne. The Explorers: The Quest for the Kid (Delacorte Random House, 2019)

Bendy and the Ink Machine series
 Kress, Adrienne. Bendy and the Ink Machine: Dreams Come To Life (Scholastic, 2019)
 Kress, Adrienne. Bendy: The Illusion of Living (Scholastic, 2021)
 Kress, Adrienne. Bendy and the Ink Machine: The Lost Ones (Scholastic, 2021)

Alex and the Ironic Gentleman series
 Kress, Adrienne. Alex and the Ironic Gentleman (Weinstein Books [Scholastic UK/Canada] 2007)
 Kress, Adrienne. Timothy and the Dragon's Gate (Weinstein Books [Scholastic UK/Canada] 2008)

Short fiction
Kress, Adrienne. "The Clockwork Corset", Corsets & Clockwork: 13 Steampunk Romances [edited by Trisha Telep] (Running Press Kids, 2011)

Non-Fiction
 Kress, Adrienne. "The Inevitable Decline of Decadence", The Girl Who Was on Fire - Movie Edition [edited by Leah Wilson] (Smart Pop Books, 2012)
 Kress, Adrienne. "The Emergence of YA", The Complete Guide to Writing for Young Adults [edited by Gabrielle Harbowy] (Dragon Moon Press, 2014)
 Kress, Adrienne. "I'm Your Biggest Fan", The Secret Loves Of Geek Girls [edited by Hope Nicholson] (Bedside Press, 2016)

References

External links

 Official Website
 Goodreads Page
 Amazon Page

Canadian writers of young adult literature
Steampunk writers
Canadian children's writers
Living people
Writers from Toronto
Year of birth missing (living people)

Adrienne Kress


Epermenia xeranta is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1917. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.

The wingspan is about 10 mm. The forewings are pale greyish, irregularly sprinkled with dark fuscous and blackish, forming fine strigulae along the costa. The discal stigmata is small, black and rather approximated, while the second is hardly beyond the middle. There is a blotch of dark grey suffusion on the costa at two-thirds and a blackish apical dot, edged anteriorly by a slight indistinct whitish mark. The hindwings are grey, but paler towards the base.

References

Epermeniidae
Moths described in 1917
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick
Moths of Australia

Epermenia xeranta


Sir James Horlick, 1st Baronet DL (1844–1921) was, with his brother William (1846–1936), the co-founder of the malted drink Horlicks.

Career

James Horlick, a pharmacist, carefully developed this product to be a complete nourishment formula for infants and invalids. Horlicks was a concentrated and easily digestible food drink, widely praised. The brothers were born at Ruardean in Gloucestershire. When they reached their late teens, both men went to London, where James joined a homeopathic chemist in Bond Street and William a saddler in Lisle Street, where he became a full-fledged mechanic. In 1869, William left for the US and worked for a year or two with a distant cousin in the quarrying business at Racine, Wisconsin. Meanwhile, James qualified as a pharmacist (also in 1869). Before leaving England in 1873, he was working on a dried infant food prepared from malt and bran to mix with milk and water. James could not raise the necessary capital to market and produce a new drink in London and so left to join his brother in America.

In 1873, he founded (along with his brother) the company J & W Horlicks in Chicago to manufacture a patented malted milk drink as an artificial infant food. Two years later, they moved the business  to larger premises at Racine, Wisconsin, in part because of the availability of an abundant supply of spring water. In 1883, they secured U.S. patent 278,967 for first malted milk drink mixing powder with hot water. In 1890, James returned to London to set up an office for importing the U.S.-made product. In 1906, Slough was selected as site for new factory. In 1914, James was made a baronet. During World War I, his nutritional drink was popular both at home and in the overseas services.

James married Margaret Adelaide Burford in 1873.  He died in 1921, the Horlick baronetcy being inherited by his eldest son, Ernest Horlick. His second son, James Nockells Horlick, became the 4th baronet in 1958. His third son, Gerald Horlick, died in Alexandria in 1918, following an injury in World War I.

References

English pharmacists
British homeopaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Deputy Lieutenants of Gloucestershire
People from Forest of Dean District
1844 births
1921 deaths
19th-century British businesspeople
20th-century British businesspeople

Sir James Horlick, 1st Baronet


Buffett is a surname of English origin. It was first recorded in Shropshire in 1273 where it was listed on the Hundred Rolls. The name is believed to have Norman origins.

Notable Buffets include:
 Alice Buffett (1931–2017), Australian politician
 David Buffett (born 1942), Australian politician
 Doris Buffett (1928–2020), sister of Warren Buffett
 Ernest P. Buffett (1877–1946), American businessman, grandfather of Warren Buffett
 George D. Buffett (1928–2012), American politician, cousin of Warren Buffett
 Howard Buffett (1903–1964), American politician, father of Warren Buffett
 Howard Graham Buffett (born 1954), son of Warren Buffett
 Howard Warren Buffett (born 1983), son of Howard Graham Buffett and grandson of Warren Buffett
 Ivens Buffett (died 2004), Australian politician
 Jimmy Buffett (1946–2023), American singer-songwriter and musician
 Peter Buffett (born 1958), musician, son of Warren Buffett
 Savannah Buffett (born 1979), American radio personality, daughter of Jimmy Buffett
 Susan Buffett (1932–2004), wife of Warren Buffett
 Susan Alice Buffett (born 1953), daughter of Warren Buffett
 Warren Buffett (born 1930), American investor and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway

References

Surnames of English origin
Anglo-Norman families
Surnames of Norman origin

Buffett


Operation Dragnet was a security operation conducted by the 1st Cavalry Division in Bình Định Province, lasting from 26 May 1967 to 27 January 1968.

Background
In May 1967, I Field Force expanded the mission of the 1st Cavalry Division to include the destruction of the Viet Cong (VC) infrastructure in Bình Định Province. The South
Vietnamese 816th National Police Field Force Battalion was assigned to assist the 1st Cavalry and was stationed at the 1st Cavalry's headquarters at Landing Zone Two Bits.

Operation
The operation commenced on 26 May, comprising numerous small security sweeps by combined 1st Cavalry/Police units. The 1st Cavalry troops would secure an area and the National Police would interrogate, identify and arrest suspected VC. The National Police progressively built up detailed intelligence of suspected VC and repeated sweeps and interrogations led to the arrest of more and more suspected VC. The operation used many of the tactics of what would later become known as the Phoenix Program.

In September 1967 the 222nd National Police Field Force Battalion replaced the 816th Battalion.

By the conclusion of the operation the 1st Cavalry/National Police had conducted over 900 security sweeps and conducted over 323,261 interrogations leading to the capture of 944 suspected VC.

Aftermath
Operation Dragnet officially concluded on 27 January 1968, U.S. losses were 12 killed with VC losses claimed as 223 killed.

References

Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1967
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1968
Battles and operations of the Vietnam War
History of Bình Định province

Operation Dragnet


Jennifer Hope Wills is an American actress and singer who has starred on Broadway and in many of the top regional theatres and concert halls across the country.  She was the first child of William and Sue Wills. She made her stage debut at the age of 1 in a production of Rumplestiltskin performed by the Baltimore Actor's Theatre alongside her father and went on to star on Broadway and in Regional Theatres across the country. She has a son born in 2008 named Vincent.

Early years

The family moved to Ocean City, Maryland where her parents established a live children's theater.  Parker Playhouse opened in 1978 and over time became a favorite of the city's many summertime visitors. Jennifer performed in almost every production the theater company produced.
Her parents now run Presidents and Their First Ladies Dramatically Speaking, a production company that performs nationwide and provides great insight to the personal lives of our many presidents and their wives.

Wills received a BA from Salisbury State University where she starred on the main stage as Maria in West Side Story, Lily in The Secret Garden and Elizabeth Sandry in The Grapes of Wrath. She then earned her MM at the prestigious Indiana University School of Music where she starred on the main stage as Laurey in Oklahoma!, Papagena in The Magic Flute, Josephine in H.M.S. Pinafore and Gossip I in The Ghosts of Versailles. After graduating she taught voice at the college level for two years before heading to New York City.

Broadway

Wills made her Broadway debut in 2004 as the understudy for Belle in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Eight months later she had to leave abruptly as she became an immediate replacement for Jennifer Westfeldt as Eileen co-starring opposite Brooke Shields in Wonderful Town. Both Wills and Shields received amazing reviews with Clive Barnes of the New York Post stating that "Both Shields and Wills are smashing. These two are not replacements, they are renewals". and Ben Brantley singled Wills out for her own little feature. They also re-released the original new cast recording with their voices replacing the original stars.

Wonderful Town only ran four more months so Wills was out of work and decided against other people's better judgment to accept a replacement ensemble position in Andrew Lloyd Webber's The Woman in White. However, this productions was very short lived and Wills performed in it for just one week. But that job led directly to Wills getting to audition for her dream job, Christine Daaé in The Phantom of the Opera. She was immediately asked to become the Alternate (performing the role twice weekly) and just two months later was asked to take the Principal position on the National Tour for 10 weeks as they traveled through Canada where she received rave reviews. Upon her return to NYC, she became the Principal in the Broadway Production and remained so for many years. Overall she was with the production for over 4 years from March 2006 - August 2010 with time off for maternity leave.

Wills also has sung in concert with City Center's Encores!, at Town Hall, Merkin Concert Hall, with the Houston, Portland, Omaha and Asheville Symphonies, The Long Island Philharmonic and at the Mar-a-Lago club for Donald Trump and guests.

Regional theater

Much of Wills' career has been made of starring in some of the top regional theaters across the country.

 Paper Mill Playhouse: Sandy in Grease! 2003, Lady Anne in Camelot 2003
 Pittsburgh CLO: Julie in Carousel 2005 opposite Matt Cavanaugh, Maria in The Sound of Music opposite Robert Cuccioli, 2011
 Walnut Street Theatre: Sharon in Finian's Rainbow 2005, Rose Vibert in Aspects of Love 2011, Marian in The Music Man 2012
 Riverside Theatre: Marian in The Music Man 2012
 Gateway Playhouse: Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady 2012
 Sacramento Music Circus: Magnolia in "Showboat" 2013, Nimue in Camelot 2003

References

External links

Official site

Living people
Singers from Baltimore
Actresses from Baltimore
People from Ocean City, Maryland
Salisbury University alumni
Jacobs School of Music alumni
21st-century American actresses
American stage actresses
American musical theatre actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)

Jennifer Hope Wills


The Coos History Museum is a history museum located in Coos Bay, Oregon, United States. Opened in 1947 as the Coos-Curry Pioneer and Historical Association Museum, the museum is operated by the Coos County Historical Society.

History
On November 5, 1891, the Coos County Pioneer Association was established, which in time became the Coos County Historical Society. The organization was focused on the pioneers of Coos County on the Southern Oregon coast. Later in 1941 the name changed to the Coos-Curry Pioneer Association to reflect the inclusion of members from neighboring Curry County. The organization opened its first museum in Coquille in July 1947. In January 1958 the museum moved to Simpson Park in North Bend.

The historical society received a land donation in 2004 of a waterfront plot in Coos Bay. After fundraising, construction of a new museum building began in 2011, with construction completed in February 2015. The new museum building was opened on the city's waterfront in 2015. The grand opening of the new museum was in September 2015, with Oregon Governor Kate Brown in attendance.

References

History museums in Oregon
Museums in Coos County, Oregon
Museums established in 1947
Historical society museums in Oregon
1947 establishments in Oregon

Coos History Museum


Dannevirke Domain is a park of about 20 hectares on the eastern fringe of the town of Dannevirke, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. Among its recreational facilities it includes a cricket ground.

The first recorded cricket match held at Dannevirke Domain was in January 1904, between teams from Waipukurau and Dannevirke, but the park was in use for sports for some years before then. The first interprovincial cricket match on the ground came in March 1921 when Southern Hawke's Bay played Manawatu. Between the 1920s and the 1980s, when Southern Hawke's Bay competed in interprovincial matches including the Hawke Cup, Dannevirke Domain was the team's home ground.

The ground held a single List A match in the 1992-93 Shell Cup when Central Districts played Otago, which resulted in a victory for Otago by 16 runs.

References

External links
Dannevirke Domain at ESPNcricinfo
Dannevirke Domain at CricketArchive

Cricket grounds in New Zealand
Sports venues in Manawatū-Whanganui
Dannevirke
Parks in New Zealand

Dannevirke Domain


St. Thomas Episcopal Church is an historic church at 115 High Street in Taunton, Massachusetts, United States.  Its present building, an 1857 Gothic Revival structure designed by Richard Upjohn, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History
The current church building was constructed in 1858 although the congregation dates back to 1728.  Unlike most colonial parishes that were formed by the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, Saint Thomas in Taunton was founded through the efforts of lay people living in the community. On November 30, 1728 a plot of ground was deeded for the erection of a church near the Three Mile River on what is now Tremont Street. The earliest mention of a building is contained in a letter to the Society for the Gospel in Foreign Parts, dated July 31, 1763 requesting the aid of the society in obtaining the services of a clergyman and in which it stated that for thirty years the people had a church for public worship. But the history of the parish goes back to an earlier date and to a layman, Thomas Coram, an English sea captain who erected a shipyard in 1698 on the Taunton River in what is now Dighton. The Puritans, strongly opposed to the Church of England, thwarted Coram, a loyal churchman, in his efforts to establish a parish in Taunton. Before returning to England, in a deed dated December 8, 1703, Coram left in trust with the Vestry of King's Chapel, Boston, fifty-nine acres of land that he owned with the stipulation, "that if ever hereafter the inhabitants of the town of Taunton should be more civilized than they now are, and if they should incline to have a Church of England built amongst them, or in their town, then upon application of the inhabitants of said town, that is to say, forty ratable men of them, upon their application, or petition to the said vestry, or their successors, for any suitable part of said land, to build a Church of England, or a school house for the use and service of said church."

Although the struggling church was unable to profit from Coram's bequest, the authorities of King's Chapel having sold the property in 1754 and the proceeds diverted to their own use, he presented the church with a sizable library, as well as using his influence with the Speaker of the House of Commons who gave a large Prayer Book, still prized by members of the parish. Although it is not documented in writing, it is generally assumed that the parish was given the name of Saint Thomas to honor Thomas Coram, who, in turn, bore the name of the Apostle. Thomas Cobb and Thomas Baylies headed the list of twenty-six lay persons who subscribed 528 pounds and 10 shillings for the purchase of a Glebe on March 19, 1743 "for ye sole use, benefit and profit of ye Rector of ye Church of Saint Thomas standing near Three Mile River in Taunton." A house was standing upon the Glebe and when enlarged called Coram Hall.

When efforts proved unsuccessful in obtaining the services of a clergyman, the lay people took matters into their own hands, pledged themselves to pay a salary of twenty pounds and elected John Lyon whom they sent to England to be ordained. The Rev. John Lyon, the first resident minister, began his work early in 1765, for his first baptism is recorded on February 6, 1765. In October 1766 he baptized Cloa and London, son and daughter of Cambridge and Peg, two bondservants; Peter Walker, Hellen, his wife, and Abigail Andrews being sponsors. The carefully kept records of this young man are part of the parish archives.

During the revolution, Saint Thomas, like most Episcopal Churches, fell upon hard times. The church was probably closed for a number of years as were many others in the area. The parish was not served again by a resident minister until the Rev. William W. Wheeler began his work in 1786 and continued until 1798 when he was asked to leave due to his political opinions. At a meeting on August 6, 1798 the parish voted among other things, that the church wardens should notify Mr. Wheeler that the said Society would have no further service for him as minister of said Society; that the church wardens should go and demand the Library (Coram) and the records belonging to the church; that the church wardens should demand possession of the Glebe and make a settlement with Mr. Wheeler.

Following this unfortunate incident, the parish suffered further loss when the church blew down in the gale of 1815. During this period of time occasional services were held by supply clergy from Rhode Island, but Annual Meetings were held regularly, the records of which are still in the possession of the church.

It was not until 1824 that we have evidence of new life stirring when on June 27 a meeting was called with Ichabod Leonard as moderator and William A. Crocker as clerk in which it was voted that a committee be appointed "to enquire whether it be expedient to undertake the erection of a Church in Taunton for the use of the Episcopal Church and Society.. and to ascertain and report the number and names of those who are disposed to unite with the Society". The successful work and report of this committee consisted of Galen Hicks, Honorable Francis Baylies, Honorable James L. Hodges, John West, Esquire, David G.W. Cobb, Esquire and William A. Crocker and led eventually to the selling of the Glebe (August 6, 1828), purchasing a lot on High Street on which was built a new church costing $7,500 and calling the Rev. John West, the son of a prominent citizen, as rector. Bishop Griswold consecrated the church on June 19, 1829.

The church, now located nearer to the center of town, grew rapidly, leading to the enlargement of the building and adding twenty pews by December, 1840 so that the vestry was able to report to the parish at the Annual Meeting in April, 1841, "our church has become fully established, that it has surmounted most of the obstacles which have heretofore checked its progress, that the prejudices so generously existing against it in this section are rapidly passing away, and that no contingency can happen with a continuance of God's blessing to inflict upon her any permanent or serious injury."

God did indeed continue to bless the parish for it had among its members from this time forward some of the leading citizens of the city who gave generously of their time and resources for the work of the church. To their number was added each year an increasing membership.

The middle of the 19th century was an era of great church expansion and building throughout New England; Taunton was no exception. The second church was moved across the street and the present stone structure was consecrated by Bishop Manton Eastburn on March 3, 1859, the cornerstone having been laid on June 15, 1857.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Taunton, Massachusetts

References

Episcopal church buildings in Massachusetts
Churches in Taunton, Massachusetts
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Richard Upjohn church buildings
Churches completed in 1857
19th-century Episcopal church buildings
National Register of Historic Places in Taunton, Massachusetts
1728 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay

St. Thomas Episcopal Church (Taunton, Massachusetts)


Tantric sex or sexual yoga refers to a range of practices in Hindu and Buddhist tantra that utilize sexuality in a ritual or yogic context. Tantric sex is associated with antinomian or elements such as the consumption of alcohol, and the offerings of substances like meat to deities. Moreover, sexual fluids may be viewed as power substances and used for ritual purposes, either externally or internally.

The actual terms used in the classical texts to refer to this practice include "Karmamudra" (Tibetan: ལས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ las kyi phyag rgya, "action seal") in Buddhist tantras and "Maithuna" (Devanagari: मैथुन, "coupling") in Hindu sources. In Hindu Tantra, Maithuna is the most important of the five makara (five tantric substances) and constitutes the main part of the Grand Ritual of Tantra variously known as Panchamakara, Panchatattva, and Tattva Chakra. In Tibetan Buddhism, karmamudra is often an important part of the completion stage of tantric practice.

While there may be some connection between these practices and the Kāmashāstra literature (which include the Kāmasūtra), the two practice traditions are separate methods with separate goals. As the British Indologist Geoffrey Samuel notes, while the kāmasāstra literature is about the pursuit of sexual pleasure (kāmā), sexual yoga practices are often aimed towards the quest for liberation (moksha).

History

In its earliest forms, Tantric intercourse was usually directed to generate sexual fluids that constituted the "preferred offering of the Tantric deities." While there is already a mention of ascetics practicing it in the 4th century CE Mahabharata, those techniques were rare until late Buddhist Tantra. Up to that point, sexual emission was both allowed and emphasized. Around the start of the first millennium, Tantra began to include practices of semen retention, like the penance ceremony of asidharavrata and the posterior yogic technique of vajroli mudra. They were probably adopted from ancient, non-Tantric celibate schools, like those mentioned in Mahabharata.

The Brhadaranyaka Upanisad contains various sexual rituals and practices which are mostly aimed at obtaining a child which are concerned with the loss of male virility and power. One passage from the Brhadaranyaka Upanishad states:

Her vulva is the sacrificial ground; her pubic hair is the sacred grass; her labia majora are the Soma-press; and her labia minora are the fire blazing at the centre. A man who engages in sexual intercourse with this knowledge obtains as great a world as a man who performs a Soma sacrifice, and he appropriates to himself the merits of the women with whom he has sex. The women, on the other hand, appropriate to themselves the merits of a man who engages in sexual intercourse with them without this knowledge. (Brhadaranyaka Upanishad 6.4.3, trans. Olivelle 1998: 88)

According to Samuel, late Vedic texts like the Jaiminiya Brahmana, the Chandogya Upanisad, and the Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, "treat sexual intercourse as symbolically equivalent to the Vedic sacrifice, and ejaculation of semen as the offering." However, he also writes that while it is possible that some kind of sexual yoga existed in the fourth or fifth centuries, "Substantial evidence for such practices, however, dates from considerably later, from the seventh and eighth centuries, and derives from Saiva and Buddhist Tantric circles."

Tantric sexual practices are often seen as exceptional and elite, and not accepted by all sects. They are found only in some tantric literature belonging to Buddhist and Hindu Tantra, but are entirely absent from Jain Tantra. In the Kaula tradition and others where sexual fluids as power substances and ritual sex are mentioned, scholars disagree in their translations, interpretations and practical significance.

Emotions, eroticism and sex are universally regarded in Tantric literature as natural, desirable, a means of transformation of the deity within. Pleasure and sex is another aspect of life and a "root of the universe", whose purpose extends beyond procreation and is another means to spiritual journey and fulfillment. This idea flowers with the inclusion of kama art in Hindu temple arts, and its various temple architecture and design manuals such as the Shilpa-prakasha by the Hindu scholar Ramachandra Kulacara.

Practice

In Hinduism

The actual term used in Hindu classical texts to refer to this practice is   (Devanagari: मैथुन, "coupling"). In the Hindu Tantras,  is always presented in the context of  (the five  or tantric substances) which constitutes primary ritual of Tantra. These may also be referred to as "the five Ms",  or the , which consist of  (alcohol),  (meat),  (fish),  (pound grain), and  (sexual intercourse). Taboo-breaking elements are only practiced literally by "left-hand path" tantrics (vāmācārins), whereas "right-hand path" tantrics (dakṣiṇācārins) use symbolic substitutes.

Jayanta Bhatta, the 9th-century scholar of the Nyaya school of Hindu philosophy and who commented on Tantra literature, stated that the Tantric ideas and spiritual practices are mostly well placed, but it also has "immoral teachings" such as by the so-called "Nilambara" sect where its practitioners "wear simply one blue garment, and then as a group engage in unconstrained public sex" on festivals. He wrote, this practice is unnecessary and it threatens fundamental values of society.

Ascetics of the Shaivite school of Mantramarga, in order to gain supernatural power, reenacted the penance of Shiva after cutting off one of Brahma's heads (Bhikshatana). They worshipped Shiva with impure substances like alcohol, blood and sexual fluids generated in orgiastic rites with their consorts.

Douglas Renfrew Brooks states that the antinomian elements such as the use of intoxicating substances and sex were not animistic, but were adopted in some Kaula traditions to challenge the Tantric devotee to break down the "distinctions between the ultimate reality of Brahman and the mundane physical and mundane world". By combining erotic and ascetic techniques, states Brooks, the Tantric broke down all social and internal assumptions, became Shiva-like. In Kashmir Shaivism, states David Gray, the antinomian transgressive ideas were internalized, for meditation and reflection, and as a means to "realize a transcendent subjectivity".

As part of tantric inversion of social regulations, sexual yoga often recommends the usage of consorts from the most taboo groups available, such as close relatives or people from the lowest, most contaminated castes. They must be young and beautiful, as well as initiates in tantra.

In Buddhism

According to English, Buddhist sexual rites were incorporated from Shaiva tantra. One of the earliest mentions of sexual yoga is in the Mahayana Buddhist Mahāyānasūtrālamkāra of Asanga (c. 5th century). The passage states:

Supreme self-control is achieved in the reversal of sexual intercourse in the blissful Buddha-poise and the untrammelled vision of one's spouse.

According to David Snellgrove, the text's mention of a 'reversal of sexual intercourse' might indicate the practice of withholding ejaculation. Snellgrove states:

It is by no means improbable that already by the fifth century when Asanga was writing, these techniques of sexual yoga were being used in reputable Buddhist circles, and that Asanga himself accepted such a practice as valid. The natural power of the breath, inhaling and exhaling, was certainly accepted as an essential force to be controlled in Buddhist as well as Hindu yoga. Why therefore not the natural power of the sexual force? [...]  Once it is established that sexual yoga was already regarded by Asanga as an acceptable yogic practice, it becomes far easier to understand how Tantric treatises, despite their apparent contradiction of previous Buddhist teachings, were so readily canonized in the following centuries.

Deities like Vajrayogini, sexually suggestive and streaming with blood, overturn traditional separation between intercourse and menstruation. Some extreme texts would go further, such as the 9th-century Buddhist text Candamaharosana-tantra, which advocated consumption of bodily waste products of the practitioner's sexual partner, like wash-water of her anus and genitalia. Those were thought to be "power substances", teaching the waste should be consumed as a diet "eaten by all the Buddhas."

In some forms of Buddhism, tantric sex is strongly associated with the practice of semen retention, as sexual fluids are considered an energetic substance that must be reserved. Many Buddhist tantric works direct the focus away from sexual emission towards retention and intentionally prolonged bliss, thus "interiorizing" the tantric offering of fluids directed to the deities.

Japanese Buddhism

12th-century Japanese school Tachikawa-ryu did not discourage ejaculation in itself, considering it a "shower of love that contained thousands of potential Buddhas". They employed emission of sexual fluids in combination with worshipping of human skulls, which would be coated in the resultant mix in order to create honzon. However, those practices were considered heretical, leading to the sect's suppression.

Tibetan Buddhism

In Tibetan Buddhism, the higher tantric yogas are generally preceded by preliminary practices (Tib. ngondro), which include sutrayana practices (i.e. non-tantric Mahayana practices) as well as preliminary tantric meditations. Tantric initiation is required to enter into the practice of tantra.

Tibetan tantric practice refers to the main tantric practices in Tibetan Buddhism. The great Rime scholar Jamgön Kongtrül refers to this as "the Process of Meditation in the Indestructible Way of Secret Mantra" and also as "the way of mantra," "way of method" and "the secret way" in his Treasury of Knowledge. These Vajrayāna Buddhist practices are mainly drawn from the Buddhist tantras and are generally not found in "common" (i.e. non-tantric) Mahayana. These practices are seen by Tibetan Buddhists as the fastest and most powerful path to Buddhahood.

Unsurpassable Yoga Tantra, (Skt. anuttarayogatantra, also known as Mahayoga) are in turn seen as the highest tantric practices in Tibetan Buddhism. Anuttarayoga tantric practice is divided into two stages, the generation stage and the completion stage. In the generation stage, one meditates on emptiness and visualizes one's chosen deity (yidam), its mandala and companion deities, resulting in identification with this divine reality (called "divine pride"). This is also known as deity yoga (devata yoga).

In the completion stage, the focus is shifted from the form of the deity to direct realization of ultimate reality (which is defined and explained in various ways). Completion stage practices also include techniques that work with the subtle body substances (Skt. bindu, Tib. thigle) and "vital winds" (vayu, lung), as well as the luminous or clear light nature of the mind. They are often grouped into different systems, such as the six dharmas of Naropa, or the six yogas of Kalachakra.

Karmamudrā refers to the female yogini who engages in such a practice and the technique which makes use of sexual union with a physical or visualized consort as well as the practice of inner heat (tummo) to achieve a non-dual state of bliss and insight into emptiness. In Tibetan Buddhism, proficiency in tummo yoga, a completion stage practice, is generally seen as a prerequisite to the practice of karmamudrā.

See also
 Coitus reservatus
 Mahamudra
 Yab-yum
 Yogini

References

Works cited

Further reading

Tantra
Vajrayana
Tantric practices
Human sexuality
Sexual acts
Sexuality and religion

Tantric sex


The Northwest African American Museum (NAAM) serves to present and preserve the connections between the Pacific Northwest and people of African descent and investigate and celebrate Black experiences in America through exhibitions, programs and events. The museum is located in Seattle, Washington's historically African-American Central District neighborhood in the former Colman School (built 1909), with official status as a City of Seattle landmark. The building also contains 36 units of affordable housing.

The museum reopened after being closed for about three years due to the challenges the COVID19 pandemic. While the physical buildings were closed to the public, the museum remained active throughout that time. The museum reopened on Martin Luther King, Jr. Day - January 16, 2023.  2023 exhibits include: "Colors of Life- African American Abstract Art and the Regathering of Community", which features the work of four Black Pacific Northwest artists: Showcasing abstract art featuring the works of Northwest artists: Vincent Keele, Shantell Jackson, Lo Mar Metoyer, and Yeggy Michael. Other current exhibitions are "Freedom of Expression", which showcases visual artistic expression produced by artists of African descent residing in the Pacific Northwest, "challenging any misconception of what "Black" art is or is not" (NAAM Website), and "A Long Walk to Hope: Exploring Seattle's Martin Luther King, Jr. Annual March Through Photos", which features the photography of Susan Fried.

History

The first efforts at creating the museum began in 1981, by a multi-racial coalition called Community Exchange. In 1984 a formal task force was established. The following year, community activists Earl Debnam, Michael Greenwood, Charlie James and Omari Tahir-Garrett occupied the disused Colman School to claim the building as the desired museum location. Tahir-Garrett's son Wyking Kwame Garrett later also participated in occupation, which continued for eight years. Meanwhile, the city of Seattle, Seattle School District, and community activists explored other possible locations for the museum.

In 1993, a not-for-profit organization called the African American Heritage Museum and Cultural Center was formed and a Board of Directors was selected to oversee the project with Mayor Norman Rice's office. In 1995, Mayor Norman Rice appointed Bob Flowers as chairman of the museum board. The Urban League became involved in the project in 2001 under the leadership of Board of Directors and CEO James Kelly and purchased the Colman School from Seattle Public Schools in 2003. Unlike Flowers's group, the Urban League group had no continuity from the group that had originally occupied the building, leading to a split among African-American activists.
Carver Gayton was appointed director of the museum and Barbara Earl Thomas was appointed curator in 2004-2005.  In 2006 the Museum became its own 501(c)(3) non-profit separate from the Urban League of Metropolitan Seattle. Ground was broken in spring 2006. During the March 2008 opening ceremonies, Wyking Kwame Garrett seized the microphone and described the Urban-League-led museum as a "disgrace," a "scam," and "not what we sacrificed our lives for." He refused to leave or to be quiet, and was arrested. Nonetheless, Carver Gayton acknowledged the occupiers' role in bringing the museum into being: "They had a role in improving visibility of the African American Museum. They were part of that. We can't discount it." Similarly, Rev. Sam McKinney, former pastor of Seattle's Mount Zion Baptist Church, thanked the occupiers: "For eight years, they fought the wrecking ball."

NAAM is among the cultural organizations in the city of Seattle that have originated through an occupation protest, including El Centro de la Raza and the Daybreak Star Cultural Center.

Architecture

The museum is located in the former Colman School designed by James Stephen and built in 1909 in the Jacobean architecture style.

Donald King Architects (DKA), a local black-owned architecture firm, was selected to design the museum conversion. Rico Quirindongo, of DKA, served as the lead architect on the project. The redesign transformed the building into a museum on the ground floor with the second and third stories reserved for 36 affordable apartments.

The building, a former elementary school, was nominated for landmark status by the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board in 2005. It became an officially designated Seattle landmark in 2009.

Facility

The museum has  of floor space, including a bookstore/gift shop, galleries for temporary and permanent exhibitions, and spaces available to the public as rentals. It is adjacent to Jimi Hendrix Park.
The museum's inaugural exhibit featured the work of Jacob Lawrence and James W. Washington, Jr., two prominent, internationally acclaimed African American artists who made their homes in Seattle. Among the works in the show were Lawrence's series of five panels on the life of George Washington Bush, Washington State's first African American settler, and Washington's work from 1956 entitled "The Young Queen of Ethiopia," carved from Mexican volcanic stone. Though the artists came from different backgrounds and their art entreated different topics and mediums, "one thing they held in common was a firm belief in their own direction as artists. Their work moves us because they were clearly compelled to do it, to communicate deep social or inner truths. Both Lawrence and Washington did the painful work of finding their authentic voice as artists, a hard journey that few accomplish and which in itself sets them apart. That task was multiplied hugely by the fact that they were black men in a country with deep racial divides and prejudices. They were trailblazers, creating opportunities and helping others along the path. We can all benefit by the work they did."

Programs
Interactive story times, movie nights, book talks, lectures, and research and writing workshops are among the programming and events hosted by the Museum. NAAM also hosts virtual exhibits and events, including the Dr. Carver Gayton Youth Curator Program sponsored by NBCUniversal and the Seattle Office of Arts and Culture.

In 2009, the Museum "used an AAHC grant to establish an annual nine-month curatorial internship, strengthening the museum's relationship with the University of Washington museology program."

See also

 List of museums focused on African Americans

References

External links
Northwest African American Museum, official site
Susan Gilmore, African American Museum opens to acclaim, Seattle Times, March 9, 2008. Includes links to a gallery of photos of the museum on its opening day and to several Seattle Times articles from a special supplement about the museum.
 Mary T. Henry, Northwest African American Museum, HistoryLink, April 21, 2008.
Stevens, Jeff, , November 24, 1985: The Colman School Occupation, November 12, 2011.
Iwasaki, John, , School Board plans vote on sale of Colman School, February 26, 2003.
, Allen Foundation donates $500,000 to the Urban League of Metropolitan Seattle for a capital campaign to develop the historic Colman School building in the city's Central District into affordable rental housing and the Northwest African American Museum.

2008 establishments in Washington (state)
African-American history in Seattle
African-American museums in Washington (state)
Art museums and galleries in Washington (state)
Central District, Seattle
Landmarks in Seattle
Museums established in 2008
Museums in Seattle

Northwest African American Museum


The Anthony Burdick House is a historic building located on the eastside of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.

History
City directories attribute this house to Anthony Burdick who had it built in 1880. Burdick settled in Davenport in 1869 and was engaged in several commercial and financial ventures. Notable among these activities was president of First National Bank for 25 years and his ownership of a wholesale jobbing firm, Smith Brothers & Burdick. He was also the president of a local financial firm called the Davenport Clearinghouse Association.

The attribution of this house to Burdick is not absolute. Oszuscik in 1979 referred to it as the Shields House and dates it to 1870. Given that there are similarities between this house and the F.H. Miller House (1871) on Brady Street puts that within the realm of possibility. Willet Carroll, however, designed both of these houses so their similarities may be attributed to only that. Carroll was one of the first professional architects working in Davenport.

Architecture
The Anthony Burdick House combines the rectilinearity of the Italianate style and the mansard roof of the Second Empire style. A noteworthy feature is the entrance bay, which is recessed rather than flush or projecting from the main façade. It also features numerous window sizes and shapes. The two-story house follows a rectangular plan and there is a gabled-roofed wing off of the back. There is a modillion cornice at the roof deck and a bracketed and molded frieze. Keystones decorate the tops of the windows and there is brick quoining on the corners. There have been several alterations made to this house. The central tower has been removed and an addition was added to the south side of the structure. The original dormers have been replaced as have the polychrome shingles. The house sits on a raised lot that slopes toward the south.

References

Houses completed in 1880
Italianate architecture in Iowa
Houses in Davenport, Iowa
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Davenport, Iowa

Anthony Burdick House


Metro S.A. is a Greek supermarket chain based in the Metamorfosi suburb of Athens, Greece.

It was established in 1976 as a partnership of eight independent grocery stores. In the same year, Metro opened its first self-branded supermarket in Athens.  Today (2015) the company has  108 stores all over Greece. 62 of its stores (usually sized between 1000-2000 m2) operate under the brand name My Market, while the remaining 46 (usually sized over 2000 m2) operate under the brand name Metro Cash & Carry.  Metro is the sixth largest supermarket chain in Greece as measured by market share.

External links

 Metro supermarkets website

Supermarkets of Greece
Retail companies established in 1976
1976 establishments in Greece
Companies based in Attica

Metro S.A.