The Old Highway 16 Bridge is a historic closed-spandrel arch bridge near Edgemont, Arkansas.  It carries an unused old alignment of Arkansas Highway 16 across the manmade "Edgemont Cut", an excavation made in 1908 during construction of the now-abandoned Missouri and North Arkansas Railroad.  The bridge was built in 1936 with funding from the Works Progress Administration, and remained in regular service until 1963, when Highway 16 was realigned.  In that year, the United States Army Corps of Engineers moved the road north to its present alignment, filling in part of the old railway cut.  The bridge is subject to flooding during exceptionally high water events in Greers Ferry Lake.

The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cleburne County, Arkansas
List of bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas

References

Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas
Arch bridges in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Cleburne County, Arkansas
Transportation in Cleburne County, Arkansas
1936 establishments in Arkansas
1908 establishments in Arkansas
Bridges completed in 1936
Works Progress Administration in Arkansas

Old Highway 16 Bridge


{{Infobox radio station
| name             = WWTC
| logo             = WWTC logo.webp
| city             = Minneapolis, Minnesota
| area             = Minneapolis-St. Paul
| branding         = AM 1280 The Patriot
| frequency        = 1280 kHz
| translator       = 107.5 K298CO (Minneapolis)
| airdate          = August 10, 1925 (as WRHM)
| language         = English
| format           = Talk Radio
| power            = 10,000 watts days15,000 watts nights
| class            = B
| facility_id      = 9676
| callsign_meaning = W W Twin Cities (Newspapers) modification of former WTCN calls by new ownership| former_callsigns = WRHM (1925-1934)WTCN (1934-1964)WWTC (1964-1986)KSNE (1986-1988)
| affiliations     = Salem Radio NetworkWestwood OneTownhall News
| owner            = Salem Media Group
| licensee         = Salem Media of Massachusetts, LLC
| sister_stations  = KDIZ, KKMS, KYCR
| webcast          = Listen Live
| website          =
}}

WWTC (1280 AM, "The Patriot") is a commercial radio station licensed to Minneapolis, Minnesota and serving the Twin Cities region.  It is owned by Salem Media Group and broadcasts a conservative talk radio format.

By day, WWTC transmits with 10,000 watts.  At night, the power is increased to 15,000 watts.  WWTC has a directional signal using a four-tower array.  The transmitter and radio studios are on Cliff Road near Minnesota State Highway 77 in Eagan.  Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator K298CO at 107.5 MHz.

Programming
On weekdays, WWTC carries nationally syndicated conservative talk shows, largely from the co-owned Salem Radio Network.  They include Hugh Hewitt, Mike Gallagher, Dennis Prager, Sebastian Gorka, Larry Elder, Charlie Kirk and Eric Metaxas.  One program is produced by Westwood One, "The Mark Levin Show."

On weekends, shows on money, health, real estate, movies, the military and aviation are heard, as well as repeats of weekday shows.  Some weekend hours are paid brokered programming.  Most hours begin with news from Townhall News.

History

WRHM and WTCN
WWTC is one of the oldest radio stations in the Twin Cities.  On August 10, 1925, it signed on as WRHM (for "Rosedale Hospital") at 4429 Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis.Radio Service Bulletin #101; dated September 1, 1925. WRHM appears on Page 7. Retrieved February 7, 2017. It shared time for a few months with WDGY at both 1140 AM and 1150 AM.

Also that year, the transmitter was moved from the hospital to Fridley.  In 1929, WRHM became a network affiliate of the CBS Radio.  It switched to NBC's Blue Network on January 1, 1937. The Rosedale Hospital Company sold the station to the Minnesota Broadcasting Company in 1930.

The studio relocated from the hospital to the new Wesley Temple Building at 115 East Grant Street in Minneapolis.  WRHM was purchased in September 1934 by Twin Cities Newspapers, a partnership between the St. Paul Pioneer Press and the Minneapolis Tribune, and the call sign was changed to WTCN at that time.  The station remained an NBC Blue Network affiliate through the network's selloff, becoming an ABC affiliate in 1945 when NBC Blue formally became ABC. The station kept the ABC affiliation until December 31, 1962.

WTCN began broadcasting from a new transmitter and tower in Roseville at the intersection of North Snelling Avenue and Minnesota Highway 36 during 1935, a site that was used until 1962 when the station's transmission facilities were moved to the other side of the expanding Twin Cities metro in St. Louis Park, at a point south of what is now Interstate 394 and west of Minnesota Highway 100, using four towers.  WTCN moved from 1250 AM to 1280 AM in March 1941 as required by the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) under which most American, Canadian and Mexican AM radio stations changed frequencies.

Forays into FM
The station had an experimental FM transmitter by 1939.  W9XTC at 26.05 MHz operated for several years, but by 1944, was only being activated intermittently.  Local stations KSTP and WCCO also experimented with FM broadcasts around this time.

Once the modern FM band was established, WTCN attempted again to broadcast on WTCN-FM 97.1 from 1947 to 1954. However, few people owned FM receivers in that era and the FM license was surrendered in 1954.

Expansion into television
On July 1, 1949, Twin Cities Newspapers expanded to television broadcasting with the launch of WTCN-TV on channel 4, becoming the second modern television station in the state after KSTP-TV launched a year earlier.  The original studios were in the Radio City Theater building at 9th Street and LaSalle Avenue. WTCN followed its TV sister to Radio City in September 1949.  WTCN-FM also moved to the Radio City location around the same time. However, WTCN-TV channel 4 was short-lived.

Twin Cities Newspapers decided to sell WTCN-AM-FM and purchase a majority share of WCCO Radio from CBS three years later.  The TV station's call letters were changed to match the newly acquired radio station on August 17, 1952.  A new company, Midwest Radio and Television, was formed as a holding company for the WCCO stations; it was later spun off to the Murphy and McNally families.  WCCO-TV is currently owned by CBS directly.  This TV station has always had a primary CBS affiliation, an affiliation that has remained consistent to this day (although it aired ABC programming as a secondary affiliation in its early years). WCCO-TV remained at the 9th Street location until 1983, when it moved to Nicollet Mall at 11th Street.

WTCN was at the same time sold to the Minnesota Television Service Corporation headed by St. Paul businessman Robert Butler, a former ambassador to Cuba and Australia. The company quickly applied for a new license for channel 11, but had to negotiate for the frequency with the owner of WMIN 1400 AM, which also applied for the channel.  The two stations, WTCN and WMIN, arranged to share the channel, alternating every two hours.  This became the area's third TV station on September 1, 1953, and the WTCN-TV call sign remained with it until 1985 when it became known as WUSA.  Channel 11 was merged and sold to the H.M. Bitner Group in 1955, and eventually was owned by Metromedia for many years. Tegna, Inc. is the current licensee of KARE.

This second incarnation of WTCN-TV was ABC's first full-time television network affiliate in the Twin Cities, but in April 1961, it lost ABC affiliation to then-independent KMSP (now a Fox owned and operated station).  For the next 18 years, channel 11 operated without a network affiliation as an independent TV outlet until it picked up the NBC affiliation in March 1979 during a market-wide affiliate switch.  Prior to the TV station's current studio location in Golden Valley, its original studios were in the Calhoun Beach Hotel on Lake Street at Dean Boulevard, where the radio station had moved in 1952 following a three-year occupancy downtown with its former TV sister, WTCN-TV (channel 4).

WTCN Radio and TV were sold to Time-Life Broadcast in 1957, and in 1964, the siblings were separated with the TV going to Chris-Craft Industries (which would later own KMSP) while the radio stations were purchased by Buckley-Jaeger.  The call letters were changed to WWTC-AM-FM on October 1. This change was made due to an FCC rule in place at the time that prohibited stations in the same market, but with different ownership, from having the same fundamental call signs.  In early 1965, the radio station relocated to downtown Minneapolis in the Builders Exchange Building at 609 2nd Avenue South, to studios formerly occupied by WDGY.  In 1970, WWTC began broadcasting 24 hours a day and played soft popular music.

"Golden Rock"
Over the years, WWTC had a number of formats, including the distinction of being the Twin Cities' first all-news radio station (using NBC's News and Information Service), beginning in June 1975. In 1979, WWTC switched to a full service adult contemporary format called the "Splendid Blend", which evolved to an oldies format known as the "Golden Rock."  The oldies sound achieved the station's highest ratings in years. With a number of quirky DJs such as "Ugly Del" Roberts, Mick "King Kracker" Wagner, and Steve "Boogie" Bowman, the station managed to win an audience.

In 1981, WWTC relocated seven blocks south, back to the Wesley Temple Building on East Grant Street, where it occupied the entire top floor until 1986.

Various format changes, then a return to oldies
The "Golden Rock" format fizzled after a few years, and the station went through a long string of format changes. In November 1984, WWTC adopted a unique locally oriented urban contemporary/alternative rock hybrid format that was called "Metro Music." "Metro Music" ended in September 1985 and, following a month of top-40/Adult Contemporary music, an "all-weather" format made its debut. The automated format was unsuccessful for a few reasons, one of which was WCCO Radio's news/weather dominance, especially during extreme conditions. And WWTC's weather format was sometimes heard playing inaccurate information, such as the day's forecast for sunny weather while a storm was overtaking the area. "Weather Radio 1280" was blown out after 10 months.

"Sunny 1280" was next, a 16-month run as adult standards using new call letters, KSNE (effective June 20, 1986).  In November 1987, the station became known as "The Breeze," taking a satellite feed of an early and more diverse form of what is now known as "Smooth Jazz" from a service run by the former owner of KTWN 108. On May 27, 1988, the station switched back to the legacy WWTC call letters and a second run with the 'Golden Rock' format. During this period, it operated from 215 South 11th Street, in a building in which WCCO-FM (now KMNB) was located for many years.

Children's Broadcasting and Radio AAHS
WWTC was sold by the Short family to Christopher Dahl in 1990, and launched in May as the flagship of Radio AAHS'', a new radio network which primarily aired children's music. The station moved its studios to a former bank at Excelsior Boulevard and Minnesota Highway 100 in St. Louis Park. In 1994, WWTC's new parent company under Dahl's ownership, Children's Broadcasting Corporation, would acquire religious station KYCR. While the station would move into WWTC's facility, it maintained its religious format. While Radio AAHS would bring some success to WWTC, it would soon face competition from Disneydespite being a marketing partner for Radio AAHS, Disney would launch its own competing network, Radio Disney, on November 18, 1996. ABC-owned station KQRS would be Radio Disney's Minnesota affiliate.

Finding it difficult to compete with Radio Disney, Dahl sued Disney for breaching its agreement with the network, and the Radio AAHS network was shut down in January 1998.  In 2002, the former Children's Broadcasting owners (who now operate Intelefilm) won their court case against Disney and were awarded $9.5 million. Payments totaling $12.4 million, including $2.6 million in interest, were finally made in 2004.

Following the demise of Radio AAHS, Children's Broadcasting enlisted longtime area programmer, DJ and unlicensed broadcaster Alan Freed to provide interim programming every night for its 10 stations until the stations could be sold. WWTC played random music and syndicated programs during the day.  Freed, in addition to having worked at WWTC twice before during its "Golden Rock" and "Metro Music" periods, had set up a pirate radio station in downtown Minneapolis in 1996, broadcasting electronic dance music from his apartment on 97.7 FM. Beat Radio gained a positive response from the public, but was shut down by the FCC after operating at 20 watts for a few months. "Beat Radio" aired across Children's Broadcasting's stations beginning in February 1998 between the shutdown of Radio AAHS and the sale of the CBC stations in late October 1998 to a company planning to run a syndicated service called "Catholic Family Radio." When CFR went bankrupt in 2000, that company sold its stations, including WWTC and sister KYCR, to Salem Communications.

"The Patriot"

Following the purchase by Salem, WWTC began simulcasting new sister station KKMS, until its new co-located studios in Eagan were ready.  On March 19, 2001, Salem branded WWTC as "The Patriot" with a talk format, broadcasting Salem's national stable of conservative hosts, including Dennis Prager, Hugh Hewitt, Larry Elder, Sebastian Gorka, Mark Levin, and Eric Metaxas.  The Patriot's locally-focused programs include the long-running Northern Alliance Radio Network, which airs on Saturday and Sunday afternoons and focuses on Minnesota news and related politics.

Salem also ran "The Patriot II" on sister station KYCR in Golden Valley.  KYCR's program schedule was initially almost the same as WWTC, with the addition of Bill O'Reilly's midday show, and mostly aired repeats of shows already on WWTC.  In 2007, KYCR changed to a separate talk format as "AM 1570: The New Talk of the Twin Cities", and would later shift to a business news format as "Business 1570, Twin Cities Business Radio." In December 2015, KYCR flipped to a health-oriented talk format known as "Wellness Radio 1570". KYCR swapped call letters with KDIZ the same year, with KYCR taking on the business news and talk format.

Books
Area author Jeff Lonto wrote a book about the station in 1998, "Fiasco At 1280" (), which covered many of the station's missteps during the 1980s.  The book was published just before the demise of "Radio Aahs," so it doesn't include that part of the station's story.

References

St. Louis Park Historical Society Twin Cities radio history

External links
FCC History Cards for WWTC
AM 1280: The Patriot

Radiotapes.com Airchecks of WWTC radio formats dating back to 1972 including All News Radio, The Golden Rock, Metro Radio, Weather Radio, Radio Aahs and more. In addition, the site has photos of the Wesley Temple Building and studio, an article about the mid-1970s news format, and other documents and history
TwinCitiesRadioAirchecks.com includes some 1970s airchecks of WWTC
Minnesota Historical Society photos of WTCN
1938 QSL card from Radiotapes.com
1946 newspaper ad from Radiotapes.com
King Koil Mattress billboard with WTCN Radio plug, 1946-49  from the Hennepin County Library
WTCN Radio transmitter site & tower, 1947 from the Minnesota Historical Society
WTCN billboard, 1948 from the Minnesota Digital Library
WTCN TV & Radio billboard, 1949 from the Minnesota Historical Society
WTCN TV & Radio billboard, 1950 from the Minnesota Historical Society
Beat Radio
Studio Z-7 Publishing: Fiasco At 1280
Direct streaming link

Sources

Radio stations established in 1925
Talk radio stations in the United States
Radio stations in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
Conservative talk radio
1925 establishments in Minnesota
Salem Media Group properties

WWTC


Malta is the country with the most holidays in the European Union.  Since 2020, any holidays falling on Saturdays or Sundays add an extra day to the workers' leave pool, reverting to the pre 2005 system.

National holidays

 31 March: Freedom Day ('Jum il-Ħelsien')
 7 June: Sette Giugno
 8 September: Victory Day ('Jum il-Vitorja')
 21 September: Independence Day ('Jum l-Indipendenza')
 13 December: Republic Day ('Jum ir-Repubblika')

Public holidays

 1 January: New Year's Day ('L-Ewwel tas-Sena')
 10 February: Feast of Saint Paul's Shipwreck in Malta ('Nawfraġju ta' San Pawl') - Saint Paul is the patron saint of Malta
 19 March: Feast of Saint Joseph ('San Ġużepp')
 Friday before Easter: Good Friday ('Il-Ġimgħa l-Kbira')
 1 May: Worker's Day ('Jum il-Ħaddiem')
 29 June: Feast of Saint Peter; Saint Paul, patron saints ('L-Imnarja')
 15 August: Feast of the Assumption of Our Lady ('Santa Marija')
 8 December: Feast of the Immaculate Conception ('Il-Kunċizzjoni')
 25 December: Christmas Day ('Il-Milied')

Traditional Feasts
The following is a list of feasts or special days celebrated in Malta. Note that, with the exception of the dates mentioned in the previous section, these feasts are not public holidays and on these days, business runs as usual across the Maltese islands. As Malta is largely Roman Catholic, most of these feasts celebrate Saints or events from the Holy Bible.

January

January is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-bard' ('the month of the cold')
1 January: New Year's Day ('L-Ewwel tas-Sena' or 'L-Istrina')
First Sunday after 1 January: Epiphany ('Epifanija' or 'It-Tre Re')
13 January: Saint Anthony the Abbot ('San Anton Abbati') in Rabat
25 January: Conversion of Saint Paul ('Konverżjoni ta' San Pawl') in Mdina

February

February is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar ta' San Pawl' ('Saint Paul's month')

2 February: Candlemas ('Gandlora')
3 February: Saint Blase ('San Blas')
10 February: Saint Paul's Shipwreck ('San Pawl Nawfragu') in Valletta, Marsalforn and Munxar
14 February: Saint Valentine ('San Valentinu')

March

March is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar ta' San Ġużepp, tal-Lunzjata u tar-roħs' ('The month of Saint Joseph, the Annunciation and Sales')

19 March: Saint Joseph ('San Ġużepp') in Rabat
25 March: Annunciation ('Il-Lunzjata')
27 March: Jesus of Nazareth ('Ġesù Nazzarenu') in Sliema
31 March: Freedom Day ('Jum il-Ħelsien')

April

April is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tan-nwhar u ta' San Girgor' ('the month of blossoms and Saint Gregory').

1 April: April Fool's Day ('Il-Ġifa')
First Wednesday after Easter Sunday: Saint Gregory ('San Girgor')
6 April: Saint Publius ('San Publju') in Floriana
23 April: Saint George ('San Ġorġ') in Qormi and Victoria
The following feasts are moveable, as they can occur either in March or in April.

Friday before Palm Sunday – Our Lady of Sorrows ('Id-Duluri')
Palm Sunday ('Ħadd il-Palm')
Good Friday ('Il-Ġimgħa l-Kbira')
Easter ('L-Għid' or 'L-Irxoxt')

May

May is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-ħsad u tal-Madonna ta' Pompej' ('the month of harvest and Our Lady of Pompeii')

1 May: Saint Joseph the Worker (www.sanguzepphaddiem.com  'San Ġużepp Ħaddiem' or 'Jum il-Ħaddiem') with a feast in Ħamrun and Birkirkara
2 May: Our Lady of Liesse ('Il-Madonna ta' Liesse') in Valletta
3 May: Feast of the Cross ('Santu Kruċ') in Birkirkara; St. Augustine ('Santu Wistin') in Valletta
9 May: Liturgical Feast of Saint George Preca ('San Ġorġ Preca')
31 May: Holy Trinity ('Trinità Mqaddsa') in Marsa
22 May: Saint Rita ('Santa Rita') in Valletta
24 May: The Annunciation ('Il-Lunzjata') in Tarxien
24 May: Saint Paul ('San Pawl') in Munxar
24 May: Saint Joseph ('San Ġużepp') in Għaxaq
31 May: Saint Anthony of Padua ('Sant' Antnin ta' Padova') in Birkirkara
Second Sunday of May: Mother's Day ('Jum l-Omm')

June

June is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tad-dris, tal-ħġejjeġ, tal-Imnarja, u tal-Qalb ta' Ġesù' ('the month of reaping, bonfires, Saint Peter and Saint Paul, and the Sacred Heart of Jesus')

First Sunday of June: Saint Joseph ('San Ġużepp') in Għaxaq
2 June: Our Lady of Fatima ('Il-Madonna ta' Fatima') in Pietà, Malta
9 June: Saint Jack
21 June: Christ the Redeemer ('Kristu Redentur') in Senglea
14 June: Saint Philip ('San Filep') in Żebbuġ, Malta
14 June: Corpus Christi in Għasri; Sacred Heart of Jesus ('Il-Qalb ta' Ġesù') in Fontana, Gozo
21 June: Our Lady of Lily ('Il-Madonna tal-Ġilju') in Mqabba; Saint Catherine ('Santa Katarina') in Żejtun; Saint John the Baptist ('San Ġwann Battista') in Xewkija
22 June: Our Lady of Lourdes ('Il-Madonna ta' Lourdes') in Qrendi
Third Sunday of June: Father's Day ('Jum il-Missier')
29 June: Saint Nicholas ('San Nikola') in Siġġiewi;  Our Lady of Sacred Heart ('Il-Qalb Bla Tebgħa ta' Marija') in Burmarrad; Saint Peter and Saint Paul ('San Pietru u San Pawl: L-Imnarja') in Mdina and Nadur
Fourth/Last Sunday of June: Saint John ('San Ġwann'); Saint George ('San Ġorġ') in Qormi

July

July is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-Karmnu' ('Our Lady of Mount Carmel's month').

First Sunday of the month: Sacro Cuor ('Our Lady of the Sacred Heart') in Sliema
5 July: The Visitation ('Il-Viżitazzjoni') in Għarb; Saint Paul ('San Pawl') in Rabat; Our Lady of Sacred Heart ('Sacro Cuor') in Sliema; Saint Andrew ('Sant' Andrija'): in Luqa; Our Lady of Lourdes ('Il-Madonna ta' Lourdes') in Qrendi; Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Fleur-de-Lys
12 July: Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Fgura
13 July: Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Gżira
16 July: Our Lady of Mount Carmel ('Il-Madonna tal-Karmnu') in Valletta
19 July: Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Mdina and Birkirkara
20 July: Our Lady of Sorrows ('Marija Sultana Tal-Martri') in San Pawl Il-Baħar
26 July: Our Lady of Mount Carmel in Balluta Bay (San Ġiljan); Saint Anne ('Sant' Anna') in Marsaskala
Second Sunday of July: Saint Joseph ('San Ġużepp') in Kirkop; the Annunciation ('Marija Annunzjata') in Balzan
Third Sunday of July: Saint George (San Gorg) in Victoria; Saint Sebastian ('San Bastjan') in Hal Qormi; Sacred Family ('Sagra Familja') in Bidnija
27 July: Saint Venera ('Santa Venera') in Santa Venera; Mount Carmel* ('Madonna Tal-Karmnu') in Żurrieq
Last Sunday of July: Christ the King ('Kristu Re') in Paola, Malta

August

August is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-frott, ta' Santa Marija u ta' San Lawrenz' ('the month of fruit, Saint Mary and Saint Lawrence').

First Sunday of August: Saint Peter in Chains ('San Pietru fil-Ktajjen') in Birżebbuġa
10 August: Saint Lawrence ('San Lawrenz') in Birgu and San Lawrenz
11 August: Saint Gaetan ('San Gejtanu') in Ħamrun
15 August: The Seven Saint Marys ('Is-Seba' Santa Marijiet') in Għaxaq, Mqabba, Qrendi, Gudja, Mosta, Attard and Victoria
16 August: Saint Roque ('Santu Rokku')
Nearest Sunday to 18 August: Saint Helen (Santa Elena): in Birkirkara: Feast celebrated on a Sunday morning
Third Sunday of August: Stella Maris (Our Lady Star of the Sea) in Sliema
29 August: The Martyrdom of Saint John the Baptist ('Il-Martirju ta' San Ġwann')
Last Sunday of August: Saint Dominic of Guzman ('San Duminku ta' Guzman') in Birgu
Last Sunday of August: Saint Julian ('San Ġiljan') in San Ġiljan

September

September is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-Vitorja, tal-Bambina, u tal-Grazzja' ('the month of Victory, the Nativity of Our Lady, and Our Lady of Graces').

8 September: The Nativity of Our Lady (Il-Bambina) in Mellieħa, Naxxar, Senglea and Xagħra
First Sunday after 8 September: Our Lady of Graces ('Il-Madonna tal-Grazzja')
12 September: The Name of Mary ('L-Isem ta' Marija')
21 September: Independence Day ('Jum L-Indipendenza')

October

October is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tar-Rużarju' ('the month of the Rosary').

Our Lady of the Rosary ('Il-Madonna tar-Rużarju') different villages in Malta and Gozo celebrate Our Lady of Rosary on different days in October

November

November is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-inżigħ tal-weraq, tal-erwieħ, u tal-imwiet' ('the month of fallen leaves, of souls, and of deaths').

2 November: All Souls Day ('L-Għid tal-Erwieħ')
11 November: Saint Martin of Tours ('San Martin')
22 November: Saint Cecilia ('Santa Ċeċilja')
25 November: Saint Catherine of Alexandria ('Santa Katarina ta' Lixandra')
First Sunday after 25 November: Christ the King ('Kristu Re')

December

December is known by the Maltese as 'ix-xahar tal-Milied u tal-Kunċizzjoni' ('the month of Christmas and the Conception')
8 December: Immaculate Conception in Cospicua
13 December: Republic Day ('Jum ir-Repubblika'); Saint Lucy ('Santa Luċija') in Mtarfa
25 December: Christmas ('Il-Milied'), with its traditional procession with the statue of Infant Jesus
26 December: Saint Stephen ('San Stiefnu')
28 December: Innocent Saints ('L-Innoċenti Martri')
31 December: Saint Silvester ('San Silvestru')

Distinction between National and Public Holidays

Article 3 of the National Holidays and Other Public Holidays Act (chapter 252) provides the distinction between National and Public Holidays.

The National Holidays shall be public holidays and on those occasions there shall be flown on public buildings the National Flag of Malta.

References

Malta

Public holidays in Malta


Enrique Flores Magón (13 April 1877 – 28 October 1954) was a Mexican journalist and politician, associated with the Mexican Liberal Party and anarchism. His name is most frequently linked with that of his elder brother, Ricardo Flores Magón, and the political philosophy they espoused, magonismo. Another brother was Jesús Flores Magón.

Biography
He was born in Teotitlán del Camino
(since renamed Teotitlán de Flores Magón) in the state of Oaxaca on 13 April 1877,
to Margarita Magón and Teodoro Flores, a Nahua who had fought in Benito Juárez's Liberal Army.
At an early age the family relocated to Mexico City. He was a student in the capital in 1884 when demonstrations broke out against the third re-election of President Porfirio Díaz.
By 1902 he and his brother Ricardo, working on the anti-Díaz broadsheet El Hijo del Ahuizote, were arrested and incarcerated in the military prison at Santiago Tlatelolco. While in prison the brothers explored the ideas of writers such as Kropotkin, Faure, Errico Malatesta, Maxim Gorki, and Proudhon and discussed the possibility of disseminating anarchist ideas in Mexico.

Upon their release from prison in January 1903, the brothers returned to publishing  El Hijo del Ahuizote and, on 5 February of that year, Enrique Flores Magón drew a banner declaring "The Constitution is Dead", which they hung in front of its offices.

On 2 April 1903, they and other liberals stormed a pro-Díaz demonstration and succeeded in turning it into an anti-Díaz event, calling for the dictator's death. On 11 April Enrique Flores Magón was arrested again; he was later released, but subject to a ban on publishing any written materials. As a result, Enrique and Ricardo left Mexico for the United States, arriving in Laredo, Texas in late 1903.

Enrique lived in several cities around the U.S. and Canada, concealing his identity, constantly changing address, and frequently losing contact with Ricardo. In St. Louis, he helped draft the platform of the Mexican Liberal Party (PLM).

He recommenced publication in the United States of the newspaper  Regeneración,
which the brothers had founded in 1900, and organized a clandestine network for its distribution in Mexico. He continued in these endeavors until 1917, when he left the Organizing Committee of the  PLM and the Regeneración editorial team.

Following Ricardo's death in 1922, he returned to Mexico in 1923, where he had a series of disagreements with former Magonistas. In 1933, he helped leaders of the National Agrarian League found the Confederación Campesina Mexicana in San Luis Potosí.

He died in Mexico City on 28 October 1954.

See also
 Magonism

References

External links

Mexican journalists
Mexican male journalists
Mexican anarchists
People of the Mexican Revolution
Magonists
Mexican revolutionaries
Mexican democracy activists
1877 births
1954 deaths
People from Oaxaca
Porfiriato

Enrique Flores Magón


James Merry (1805 – 3 February 1877) was a Scottish ironmaster and race-horse breeder, and a Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1859 to 1874.

Merry was the son of James Merry, merchant of Glasgow, and his wife Janet Creelman, daughter of W. Creelman. He was educated at the University of Glasgow and became an ironmaster in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire.

He was an influential member of "the Turf", and breeder of some of the best English race-horses including the 1860 Derby winner Thormanby, Dundee, Buckstone and Scottish Chief. He also won the Derby in 1873 with Doncaster. He employed leading trainers including Mathew Dawson and James Waugh.

Merry was a Deputy Lieutenant and J.P. for Inverness-shire. He stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Glasgow in February 1857. He was elected MP for Falkirk Burghs in April 1857 but was unseated on petition the following July. At the 1859 general election he was again elected for Falkirk Burghs and held the seat until 1874.

In 1857 Merry bought the Belladrum Estate, near Beauly.

Merry died at the age of 70. He had married Ann McHardy, daughter of James McHardy of Glenboig, Lanarkshire in 1847.

Merry Island, off the Sunshine Coast of British Columbia, is named for him.

References

External links

1805 births
1877 deaths
Deputy Lieutenants of Inverness-shire
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1868–1874
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
British racehorse owners and breeders
Owners of Epsom Derby winners

James Merry (Scottish politician)


"The New-England Boy's Song about Thanksgiving Day", also known as "Over the River and Through the Woods", is a Thanksgiving poem by Lydia Maria Child, originally published in 1844 in Flowers for Children, Volume 2.

Although many people sing "to grandmother's house we go", the author's original words were "to grandfather's house we go". Moreover, in modern American English, most people use the word woods rather than wood in reference to a forest, and sing the song accordingly.

Background
The poem was originally published as "The New-England Boy's Song about Thanksgiving Day" in Child's Flowers for Children. It celebrates the author's childhood memories of visiting her grandfather's house (said to be the Paul Curtis House). Lydia Maria Child was a novelist, journalist, teacher, and poet who wrote extensively about the need to eliminate slavery.

The poem was eventually set to a tune by an unknown composer. The song version is sometimes presented with lines about Christmas, rather than Thanksgiving. For instance, the line "Hurrah for Thanksgiving Day!" becomes "Hurrah for Christmas Day!" As a Christmas song, it has been recorded as "A Merry Christmas at Grandmother's". Although the modern Thanksgiving holiday is not always associated with snow (snow in late November occasionally occurs in the northern states and is rare at best elsewhere in the United States), New England in the early 19th century was enduring the Little Ice Age, a colder era with earlier winters.

Poem
The original piece had twelve stanzas, though only four are typically included in the song.  One stanza has the word that ends in the M sound rhyme with the word that ends in the N sound.

The following verses appear in a "long version":

Legacy
A children's book, Over the River—A Turkey's Tale, recasts the poem as a humorous tale of a family of turkeys on their way to a vegetarian Thanksgiving; the book was written by Derek Anderson, and published by Simon & Schuster in 2005.

It is also the title of a young adult, historical fiction novel about a teenage pioneer crossing the wilderness with her young siblings in tow. The book, which features young adult heroine Caroline Darley, was written by author Brynna Williamson and was published by Stones in Clay Publishing in 2020.

References

External links
 Over the River and Through the Wood at About.com (updated 	October 5, 2015; archived December 20, 2005 at )

1844 poems
1844 songs
Children's songs
American Christmas songs
Songs based on poems
Thanksgiving songs
Works by Lydia Maria Child
Songs about nature

Over the River and Through the Wood


A money services business (MSB) is a legal term used by financial regulators to describe businesses that transmit or convert money.  The definition was created to encompass more than just banks which normally provide these services to include non-bank financial institutions.

An MSB has specific meanings in different jurisdictions, but generally includes any business that transmits money or representatives of money, provides foreign currency exchange such as Bureaux de change, or cashes cheques or other money related instruments.  It is often used in the context of Anti Money Laundering (AML) legislation and rules. Money services businesses are regulated in different countries differently. They governed by their local regulators and have to adhere with record-keeping requirements to conduct customer due diligence if customers request for an amount of foreign currency that exceeds a certain threshold set to detect money laundering.

An MSB often provides an essential financial service to underdeveloped regions with limited or no banking services and may be a small organisation with outlets like grocery stores, drugstores, pharmacies or convenience stores. It may include regional networks of post offices, banks or agents.

See also

 Alternative financial services
 Major MSB's
 Hawala
 Suspicious activity report

References

Financial services organizations
Money

Money services business


Thiruvananthapuram International Airport , is an international airport that serves Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India. Established in 1932, it is the first airport in the state of Kerala and the fifth international airport of India, officially declared in 1991. It is the operating base of Air India, Air India Express, IndiGo and SpiceJet. Spread over an area of , the airport is approximately  due west from the city centre and the Padmanabhaswamy Temple,  from Kovalam beach,  from Technopark and  from the under-construction Vizhinjam International Seaport. It shares a visible proximity to Shankumugham Beach making it the nearest airport to a sea in India, just about 0.6 miles (approx. 1 km) away from the sea.

Thiruvananthapuram International airport is the eighth busiest airport in India in terms of international traffic and the 15th overall in India till the month of August 2023. In the financial year 2022-23, the airport handled around 3.5 million passengers, with a total of around 25,000 aircraft movements.

In addition to civil operations, the airport headquarters the Southern Air Command (India) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Indian Coast Guard for their operations. IAF has an exclusive apron to handle all their operations. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters to the Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology which carries out pilot training activities. The airport hosts Air India's Narrow body Maintenance, repair and overhaul unit – MRO consisting of twin hangars for servicing Boeing 737-type aircraft, servicing mostly Air India Express aircraft.

History
The airport was established in 1932 as part of the Royal Flying Club under the initiative of Lt. Col. Raja Goda Varman, husband of Karthika Thirunal Lakshmi Bayi, the Rani of Attingal and Travancore Kingdom. Raja Goda Varman, a trained pilot, felt the need for an airport to accommodate Travancore in the aviation map of India and requested the Travancore Durbar to initiate the process of establishing an aerodrome. A detailed report was made and presented to the King by Consort Prince in this regard. It may be mentioned that the King was the brother of Lt. Col. Raja's wife, and the colonel's children were the heirs to the throne.

In 1935, on the royal patronage of Maharaja Chithira Thirunal, Tata Airlines made its maiden flight to the airport using DH.83 Fox Moth aircraft under command of India's first pilot Nevill Vintcent carrying Jamshed Navoroji, a Tata company official, and Kanchi Dwarakadas, commercial agent of Travancore in Karachi, with a special mail from the Viceroy of British India, Lord Willingdon, wishing birthday greetings to the Maharaja.

The first flight took off on 1 November 1935, carrying mails of Royal Anchal (Travancore Post) to Bombay. In 1938, the Royal Government of Travancore acquired a Dakota as Maharaja's private aircraft and placed the first squadron of the Royal Indian Air Force (Travancore) for protection of the state from aerial attacks. After Independence, the airstrip was used for domestic flights with the construction of a new domestic terminal, Terminal 1.

International operations were initiated by Air India to cities in the Arabian Peninsula in the late 1970s using Boeing 707. By the early 80s, the then-Indian Airlines started service to Colombo, followed by service to Male. Later, Sri Lankan Airlines (then Air Lanka) and Air Maldives (now Maldivian) started operations. Followed by Indian Airlines, which started a service to Sharjah. On 1 January 1991, TIA was upgraded to an international airport, making it the fifth international airport of India after Delhi, Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.

On 1 March 2011, the first flight operated from the new international terminal, Terminal 2. IX 536 (Air India Express) from Sharjah marked the first arrival. Air India Express operated the first departure to Dubai from this new terminal. IndianOil Skytanking is the company that introduced single-man refuelling in India and started refuelling operations at Trivandrum in March 2016.

This was the main hub for the defunct Kairali Airlines from 9 January 2013 to 2017.

In November 2018, the Central Government cleared a proposal by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) for leasing out six of its airports, including Trivandrum. The following month, AAI commenced an international competitive bidding process to award Operations, Management and Development (OMD) contracts for the six airports.
The Adani Group, GMR Group and Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation (KSIDC) participated in the bidding process which was won by the Adani Group.

Since some public interest litigations were filed concerning the bidding process for the airport, the Union Cabinet gave its approval for awarding the airport to Adani subject to the outcome of Writ Petition. Accordingly, AAI signed a letter of agreement with Adani in September 2020.
Adani Thiruvananthapuram International Airport Limited (ATIAL), floated by the Adani Group to run the airport, would operate, manage and develop the airport for fifty years.
As per the agreement, ATIAL would get control of the airport only after a concession agreement was executed and the performance bank guarantee was paid and subject to clearance of legal hurdles.

Facilities

Runway

Thiruvananthapuram International Airport has a single -long runway, equipped to operate any type of aircraft. It has a -long parallel taxiway.

Terminal

There are two terminals. Terminal 1 is for domestic flights (except Air India), and Terminal 2 is for all international flights as well as all domestic flights of Air India.

The international terminal ground operations are handled by Air India SATS Airport Services Pvt. Ltd. It is fully air-conditioned with a WiFi facility. The terminal features spacious lounges, natural lighting with extensive use of glass roofing and better conveyance facilities for passengers. It has three baggage carousels and elaborate immigration/customs facilities. Flemingo, India's first privately owned duty-free operator is managing the duty-free shop at the international terminal.

The domestic terminal has basic amenities including cafés, a beer and wine bar, a book-seller, free local calls, a Specialized baby care room and phone-recharging points. Into Plane Services fuelling operations handled by IndianOil Skytanking.

Terminal 1 (Domestic)
The domestic terminal was the first terminal of the airport inaugurated by Chief minister of Kerala EK Nayanar in 1992. It has an area of  and can handle 400 passengers at a time. The terminal has two Aerobridges and two remote gates. All airlines except Air India are served by the domestic terminal.

Terminal 2 (International)
The newly built Terminal 2 has three additional jetways and parking bays to accommodate 8 aircraft. The terminal is built opposite to the current terminal across the runway and is closer to the city side. The terminal, constructed by the AAI and designed by the UK firm, Pascall+Watson Architects, is expected to provide impetus to the development of the IT sector and the tourism industry in the southern districts of Kerala.

The international terminal covers an area of . It can handle the passengers of three Airbus A340s and one Boeing 747 aircraft simultaneously (roughly 1500 passengers). The annual handling capacity of the terminal will be 1.8 million.

The check-in area has a floor area of  and an arrival area of . To enable the passengers to check in at any counter, a Common Users Terminal Equipment (CUTE) is installed. X-ray machines are attached to the side of the conveyor belts for faster clearance of baggage.

The entrance to the terminal is from  Chacka-Eenchakkal Road. A bridge has been built across the Parvathy Puthanar canal to link the new terminal to the Kazhakuttam-Inchivila NH (National Highway) 47 bypass. The new terminal has a car park area that can accommodate about 600 cars.

There is a pre-paid taxi service counter and foreign exchange (Thomas Cook India) counter in the arrivals area.

Thiruvananthapuram Airport was included in the Ministry of civil aviation strategic plan for 2010–2015 to upgrade as a Category-A airport by developing to aerodrome CODE 4E/4F, constructing a parallel runway with taxiways alongside both runways and so forth.

Air traffic control
The air traffic control (ATC) tower is  tall. There are plans to build a new  tall ATC tower for Thiruvananthapuram Airport near the new international terminal. The airport has a CAT-1 instrument landing system (ILS), DVOR and distance measuring equipment (DME). The airport is also equipped with a Mono-pulse Secondary Surveillance Radar, Air Route Surveillance Radar and an Airport Surveillance Radar which allows approach and area control of the airspace around the airport and nearby air routes.

MRO facility
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport hosts Air India's Narrow body Maintenance, repair and overhaul unit—MRO consisting of twin hangars for servicing Boeing 737 type aircraft, servicing mostly Air India Express aircraft. The Maintenance Repair Overhaul is set up on  of land at a cost of Rs. 110 crores it was commissioned on 16 December 2011. The maintenance of two aircraft can be simultaneously done at the two hangars present at the MRO.  The facility is state-of-the-art with  of workshop,  apron, electrically operated and vertically moving hangar door system, warehouse and office space. The Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility of Air India Charters Limited (AICL) at Thiruvananthapuram International Airport was given permission to carry out the crucial 'C' checks of their Boeing 737-800 fleet.

Other operations
In addition to civil operations, Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters to IAF and Coast Guard for their strategical operations and Airforce NCC Cadets' Trg . IAF have an exclusive apron to handle all their operations. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also caters for Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology. The academy has its own hangar facility at the airport. The hangar facility can accommodate 10 trainer aircraft.

Expansion
Further expansion of the airport has been planned with the AAI demanding 82 acres for the demolition of the existing domestic terminal and the construction of a newer one and other related facilities for Thiruvananthapuram Airport. The state government has agreed to acquire 18 acres for the construction of the domestic terminal. The AAI is planning to construct a new terminal of around 40,000 square metres, which would spruce up the city airport's total terminal area to 75,000-square-metres. Paper works, including drawing of plans, for the new terminal building have already begun at the AAI headquarters. The plan is to complete the construction of the new terminal within 18 to 24 months after the state government hands over the land to the Airport Authority of India. The elevation of new terminal would be identical to the existing Terminal 2.

Airlines and destinations

Statistics

Security
Thiruvananthapuram International Airport is listed among the major airports of India. Its safety and security are handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force#Airport Security (CISF). In the past, airport security was under the control of airport police (under the state government). However, following the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814 in 1999, airport security was handed over to CISF. Thiruvananthapuram Airport also has advanced security equipment including X-RAY Baggage inspection (X-BIS), Explosive Trace Detection System (ETDS) and provision of an In-Line Baggage Screening system; at the NITB, state-of-the-art Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), Flight Information Display System (fids) and Public Address (PA) systems, as well as an Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) for flight information, are there for passengers' convenience.

The In-Line Baggage Screening system (ILBS) was installed at Terminal 2 on 21 July 2020.

See also
 Airports in India
 List of busiest airports in India by passenger traffic
 Cochin International Airport
 Calicut International Airport
 Kannur International Airport
 Sabarimala Greenfield Airport

References

External links

 Thiruvananthapuram International Airport at the Airports Authority of India

1932 establishments in India
Airports in Kerala
International airports in India
Airports established in 1932
Buildings and structures in Thiruvananthapuram
Transport in Thiruvananthapuram
20th-century architecture in India
Adani Group


A sundae is an ice cream dessert. It is usually made of a scoop of ice cream topped with sauce or syrup. Sometimes, it has other toppings including chopped nuts, sprinkles, whipped cream, or maraschino cherries. The first historically documented sundae was created on Sunday, April 3, 1892. Sundaes are found and available to buy in many places, including fast foods, restaurants, and other luxury places. Sundaes are usually sweeter than ice cream and the scoops of ice cream and flavors can be customized.

Other websites
 Wisconsin Historical Society ice cream marker
 Historical documents supporting Ithaca as the birthplace of the sundae

sundae
American food

Sundae


Arvo Iho (born 21 June 1949) is an Estonian film director, cinematographer, actor and photographer, who has worked in the areas of documentary and drama.

Career
Born in Rakvere, Iho worked as a photographer and assistant for Tallinnfilm before studying cinematography at the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography. Iho acted as assistant director to Andrei Tarkovsky on the 1979 film Stalker. He went on to work as a cameraman for Tallinnfilm in the 1980s.

In 1985, Iho co-directed the feature film Games for School–Age Children with Leida Laius, also acting as director of cinematography, and in 1987 made his solo directorial debut with The Birdwatcher, about the relationship between a poacher and an ornithologist. He followed this with Only for the Insane (1990). In 2001 he made The Heart of the Bear, based on the Nikolai Baturin novel, and in 2006 made Gooseberries.

As a photographer, Iho has exhibited nationally and internationally.

As of 2017, Iho was a professor at Tallinn University's Baltic Film and Media School.

Filmography as director
Mitme Kandiga Õun (Skulptor Ülo Õun) (1984)
29 Minutes with Ülo Õun (1984)
Games for School-Age Children (1985)
Tülitaja (1986)
The Birdwatcher (1987)
Milarepa Laulud (1989)
For Crazies Only (1990)
Sireniki Kroonika (1991)
Impeeriumi Lapsed (1993)
Jaanipäev Ingerimaal (1995)
The Heart of the Bear (2001)
Marina Kuvaitseva and the Lonely Women (2004)
Children of the Singing Revolution (2004)

Awards
National Union Prize for the Best Youth Film, 1987, for Games for School-Age Children
UNICEF Award, Berlin International Film Festival, 1987 (with Leida Laius), for Naerata ometi
Jury Special Prize, Torino International Festival of Young Cinema, 1988, for The Birdwatcher
FIPRESCI prize for best debut film, Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (Czech Republic), 1988, for The Birdwatcher
Grand Jury Prize, Rouen Nordic Film Festival, 1990, for The Birdwatcher
Grand Prize & Catholic Film Critics Award, Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival, 1992, for Ainult hulludele ehk halastajaõde
Order of the White Star, V Class, 2001.

References

External links
Arvo Iho at EFIS

1949 births
Living people
Estonian film directors
Estonian cinematographers
Estonian film producers
Estonian male film actors
People from Rakvere
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 5th Class

Arvo Iho


Edwin Greenslade Murphy (also known as Dryblower Murphy or simply Dryblower; 12 December 1866 – 9 March 1939) was an Australian journalist and poet.

Early life
Murphy was born in Castlemaine, Victoria, Australia, the tenth child and eldest son of Irish-born Edwin Murphy (plasterer and clay modeller), and his English wife Ellen, née Greenslade. He was educated at a state school at South Melbourne and began employment with his father at an early age. Murphy developed a good tenor voice, and joined the J. C. Williamson Opera Company, sang in the chorus and toured with it for two or three years. Following the gold rush of 1892 Murphy went to Western Australia, arriving in Coolgardie in 1894 after walking from Perth, Western Australia. There he did some dry blowing at Fly Flat and participated in sing-songs around pianos in local public bars.

Goldfields
The Coolgardie Miner was launched by Billy Clare with help from Murphy, who contributed a weekly gossip column using the pen-name "Dryblower", a name which Murphy used for the rest of his life. Murphy travelled north-east of Coolgardie to I.O.U (Bulong) and with two fellow prospectors, found a rich source of gold. With one of the other prospectors, Murphy travelled to London to float the 'Esmerelda' goldmine, but it slumped and he returned home. Soon afterwards he returned to England, writing for financial and social papers; he also helped to expose the hoaxer Louis de Rougemont before conducting him on a lecture tour. Murphy also enjoyed the London Gilbert and Sullivan operas, in which he sometimes sang.

For a short time the Sporting Life: Dryblower's journal was associated with Dryblower.

While on the Goldfields Murphy had begun writing verse for the press and about 1900 joined the staff of the Perth Sunday Times, to which he contributed a column entitled "Verse and Worse" for almost 40 years. In 1904 Murphy published a novel, Sweet Boronia: A Story of Coolgardie, which was followed in 1908 by a selection of his verses, Jarrahland Jingles.

Move to Perth
In 1910 he settled in Perth, Western Australia and continued to write for the Sunday Times and also did public readings of his poetry. A further selection of poetry, Dryblowers Verses, was published in 1924.

Death
Murphy died at Perth after an illness of some months on 9 March 1939. He was survived by his wife and three sons.

Legacy
Murphy wrote a large amount of verse which he probably made little attempt to revise. It was inevitable that many of his poems should be little more than jingles, as is suggested in the title of his first volume. At his best, Murphy was a good popular poet, and the verses he wrote when his son enlisted during World War I, "My Son", succeed in expressing the mingled pride and anguish of the occasion, where a finer poet might have failed. Privately, Murphy was a born joker and a great teller of stories. In his newspaper column he fought for many a popular cause, and his humour and kindly satire made him the best-known and best-loved journalist of his time in Western Australia.

Murphy is credited with only a fraction of the poems he wrote, for once he was established at the Perth "Sunday Times" (around 1902), he didn't put his name on his work in any of his several columns  (his main one being "Verse and Worse") in the Sunday Times or in his column "A Mingled Yarn" in the Kalgoorlie "Sun".  AustLit list only 191 of his poems (almost none from the "Sunday Times"), however we can make an estimate of his very prolific pen for each week he typically had 5 new poems (plus several short ditties), and, as his career spanned almost 40 years, this equates to a maximum of somewhere around 10,000 poems.

In addition to his main column in the Sunday Times,  between 1902 and 1904 he produced a series of short 3 verse limerick style caricatures of various personalities in Perth and on the Goldfields.  These were illustrated firstly by Fred Roofy and later Dick Hartley, resident artists with Sunday Times.  These went under the heading "Pictorial Posters" or "Familiar on the Fields", in all there are over 300 of them.  Once again, after identifying himself as the author in the first few, he did not do this for the remainder.

Notes

References
 Bennett, Arthur L. (1986) 'Murphy, Edwin Greenslade (1866–1939)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 10, Melbourne University Press, 1986, pp 634–635. Retrieved 2009-10-26
 Bennett, Arthur L. (1982) Dryblower Murphy : his life and times Fremantle : Fremantle Arts Centre Press.
 Bennett, A. (1988) Dryblower Murphy, i.e. Edwin Greenslade Murphy – reminisces about Murphy and his wit. Scoop (Perth, W.A), Vol. 2, no. 2 (June 1988), p. 21,
 Dryblower – in Quarterly review (Geraldton Historical Society), No. 56, May 1984, p. 9 – 11

1866 births
1939 deaths
Australian poets
Australian journalists
Australian newspaper editors
Australian prospectors
People from Coolgardie, Western Australia
Writers from Perth, Western Australia
Colony of Victoria people

Edwin Greenslade Murphy


The Friendship was a convict transport ship in the First Fleet. The First Fleet carried convicts and soldiers to Australia to start a penal colony. The ships left England in May 1787 and arrived in Australia in January, 1788. This was the start of European settlement of Australia. The Friendship was a ship of 278 tons which had been built in Scarborough about 1785. It was under the command of Master Francis Walton. The ship had a contract with the British Government to carry convicts. The owners were paid at a rate of 10 shillings per ton per month until the ship returned to Deptford. They had to agree to keep the prisoners secure and in safe custody.The friendship sunk of the coast of Borneo on the way back to England.

On her return trip with the Alexander, many of the sailors on the Friendship became sick with scurvy. There were not enough sailors fit enough to sail both ships. All the crew went on board the Alexander, and the Friendship was scuttled (sunk) off the coast of Borneo on October 28, 1788.

References

Other websites
 A list of all the people known to have been on the Friendship in 1788

First Fleet

Friendship (ship)


Ena Lake is the name of a lake and an adjacent unincorporated area and railway point in Unorganized Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada, about  north of the city of Kenora. Formerly a stop on the Canadian National Railway, it is now a small cottage community of approximately 50 seasonal residents and 11 year round residents.

Geography
Ena Lake is a typical Canadian Shield lake: the shore is rocky with many high ridges and hills, and the water is clear and cool.
The major inflows are Octopus Creek (locally called "Ena Brook") from Octopus Lake and the MacFarlane River (locally called "Corn Creek") from Corn Lake. The major outflow is the MacFarlane River, controlled by a small dam, below which one finds a rapids and falls. The MacFarlane River flows to the Winnipeg River. Thus, the lake is in the Nelson River and Hudson Bay drainage basins.

Transportation
Ena Lake can be accessed from Kenora via Ontario Highway 658, then Ena Lake road. It is on the Canadian National Railway transcontinental main line, between Minaki to the west and Redditt to the east, has a passing track, and is passed but not served by Via Rail transcontinental Canadian trains. It may also be reached by boat via the Winnipeg River and MacFarlane River, from which a short portage leads to the lake. The historical and public portage route is tightly along the north side of the rapids/falls, starting right next to the dam at the out flow of Ena Lake, it crosses the road, where a sign marks the portage route. Boat trips to Redditt via the MacFarlane River and Corn Lake are also possible.

Natural history
In the spring great flocks of white pelicans fish for spawning fish in the rapids below the falls at the outflow from the lake. Flocks of up to 200 have been observed. The tributary Ena Brook (called Octopus Creek on topographical maps) and Corn Creek (called McFarlane River on topographical maps) have a boreal floating bog/wetland.

Fish species included smallmouth bass, walleye, and northern pike. Whitetail deer, moose, and black bear may be seen along the shore. Beaver and active lodges are present, especially along Ena Brook and Corn Creek.

Recreation
Ena Lake is a popular starting point for canoe trips to Vermillion Lake, Octopus Lake, and beyond.

See also
List of lakes in Ontario

References

Communities in Kenora District
Lakes of Kenora District

Ena Lake, Ontario


Easter Island was traditionally ruled by a monarchy, with a king as its leader.

First paramount chief
The legendary, first chief of Easter Island is said to have been Hotu Matuꞌa, whose arrival has been dated in the 4th, 6th or 9th century AD. Legend insists that this man was the chief of a tribe that lived on Marae Renga. The Marae Renga is said to have existed in a place known as the "Hiva region". Some books suggest that the Hiva region was an area in the Marquesas Islands, but today, it is believed that the ancestral land of the Easter Islanders would have been located in the Pitcairn Mangareva intercultural zone. Some versions of the story claim that internal conflicts drove Hotu Matuꞌa to sail with his tribe for new land, while others say a natural disaster (possibly a tidal wave) caused the tribe to flee.

Despite these differences, the stories do agree on the next part: A priest named Haumaka appeared to Hotu Matuꞌa in his dreams one night. The priest flew out to sea and discovered an island, which he called Te Pito ꞌo te Kāinga ("The Center of the Earth"). Sending seven scouts, Hotu Matuꞌa embraced his dream and awaited the return of his scouts. After eating, planting yams, and resting, the seven scouts returned home to tell of the good news. Hotu Matuꞌa took a large crew, his family, and everything they needed to survive in the new land. Then, they rowed a single huge, double-hulled canoe to "The Center of the Earth" and landed at Anakena, Rapa Nui (Easter Island).

Tuꞌu ko Iho

According to Steven Roger Fischer's Island at the End of the World, a certain individual named Tuꞌu ko Iho co-founded the settlement on the island. Fischer's book claims he not only did this, but a legend says he "brought the statues to the island and caused them to walk".

Children of Hotu Matuꞌa

Shortly before the death of Hotu Matuꞌa, the island was given to his children, who formed eight main clans. In addition, four smaller and less important clans were formed.

Tuꞌu Maheke: the firstborn son of Hotu. He received the lands between Anakena and Maunga Tea-Tea.
Miru: received the lands between Anakena and Hanga Roa.
Marama: received the lands between Anakena and Rano Raraku. Having access to the Rano Raraku quarry proved extremely useful for those living in Marama's lands. The quarry soon became the island's main source of tuff used in the construction of the moai (large stone statues). In fact, 95% of the moai were made in Rano Raraku.
Raa settled to the northwest of Maunga Tea-Tea.
Koro Orongo made a settlement between Akahanga and Rano Raraku.
Hotu Iti was given the whole eastern part of the island.
 and 8. Tupahotu and Ngaure were left with the remaining parts of the island.

Royal patterns throughout Easter Island

Over the years, the clans slowly grouped together into two territories. The Ko Tuꞌu Aro were composed of clans in the northwest, while the Hotu Iti were mainly living in the southeast part of the island. The Miru are very commonly seen as the true royal heirs who ruled the Ko Tuꞌu Aro clans.

Since then, leaders of Easter Island have been hereditary rulers who claimed divine origin and separated themselves from the rest of the islanders with taboos. These ariki not only controlled religious functions in the clan, but also ran everything else, from managing food supplies to waging war. Ever since Easter Island was divided into two super-clans, the rulers of Easter Island followed a predictable pattern. The people of Rapa Nui were especially competitive during those times. They usually competed to build a bigger moai than their neighbors, but when this failed to resolve the conflict, the tribes often turned to war and throwing down each other's statues.

Lists of the paramount chiefs and historical kings of Easter Island

1. Hotu (A Matua), son of Matua (c. 400)
2. Vakai, his wife
3. Tuu ma Heke
4. Nuku (Inukura?)
5. Miru a Tumaheke
6. Hata a Miru
7. Miru o Hata
8. Hiuariru (Hiu a Miru?)
9. Aturaugi. The first obsidian spearheads were used.
10. Raa
11. Atahega a Miru (descendant of Miru?), around 600
    ......Hakapuna?
17. Ihu an Aturanga (Oihu?)
    ......Ruhoi?
20. Tuu Ka(u)nga te Mamaru
21. Takahita
22. Ouaraa, around 800
23. Koroharua
24. Mahuta Ariiki (the first stone images were made in his son's time)
25. Atua Ure Rangi
26. Atuamata
27. Uremata
28. Te Riri Tuu Kura
29. Korua Rongo
30. Tiki Te Hatu
31. Tiki Tena
32. Uru Kenu, around 1000
33. Te Rurua Tiki Te Hatu
34. Nau Ta Mahiki
35. Te Rika Tea
36. Te Teratera
37. Te Ria Kautahito (Hirakau-Tehito?)
38. Ko Te Pu I Te Toki
39. Kuratahogo
40. Ko Te Hiti Rua Nea
41. Te Uruaki Kena
42. Tu Te Rei Manana, around 1200
43. Ko Te Kura Tahonga
44. Taoraha Kaihahanga
45. Tukuma(kuma)
46. Te Kahui Tuhunga
47. Te Tuhunga Hanui
48. Te Tuhunga Haroa
49. Te Tuhunga "Mare Kapeau"
50. Toati Rangi Hahe
51. Tangaroa Tatarara (Maybe Tangaiia of Mangaia Island ?)
52. Havini(vini) Koro (or Hariui Koro), about 1400
53. Puna Hako
54. Puna Ate Tuu
55. Puna Kai Te Vana
56. Te Riri Katea (? – 1485)
57. N/A
58. N/A
59. Haumoana, Tarataki and Tupa Ariki (from Peru), from 1485
60. Mahaki Tapu Vae Iti (Mahiki Tapuakiti)
61. Ngau-ka Te Mahaki or Tuu Koiho (Ko-Tuu-ihu?)
62. Anakena
63. Hanga Rau
64. Marama Ariki, around 1600
65. Riu Tupa Hotu (Nui Tupa Hotu?)
66. Toko Te Rangi (Perhaps the "God" Rongo of Mangaia Island?)
67. Kao Aroaro (Re Kauu?)
68. Mataivi
69. Kao Hoto
70. Te Ravarava (Terava Rara)
71. Tehitehuke
72. Te Rahai or Terahai
(The alternative rulers after Terahai: Koroharua, Riki-ka-atea, whose son was Hotu Matua, then Kaimakoi, Tehetu-tara-Kura, Huero, Kaimakoi (or Raimokaky), finally Gaara who is Ngaara on the main list below.)
73. Te Huke
74. Tuu, from Mata Nui (Ko Tuu?), around 1770
75. Hotu Iti (born from Mata Iti). War around 1773.
76. Honga
77. Te Kena
78. Te Tite Anga Henua
79. Nga'ara (c. 1835 – just before 1860), son of King Kai Mako'i
80. Maurata (1859 – 1862)
81. Kai Mako'i 'Iti (= Small Kaimakoi) (– 1863), son of Nga'ara, devastation of island by Peruvian slavers in the great Peruvian slaving raid of 1862, died as a slave (in 1863?)
82. Tepito
83. Gregorio; i. e. Kerekorio Manu Rangi, Rokoroko He Tau
84. Atamu Tekena, signs Treaty of Annexation, Easter Island is annexed, died August 1892
85. Simeon Riro Kāinga, died in Valparaíso, Chile in 1899
86. Enrique Ika a Tuʻu Hati (1900–1901), not recognized
87. Moisés Tuʻu Hereveri (1901–1902), not recognized.

Modern claimants
2011–2017: Valentino Riroroko Tuki, (crowned July, proclaimed 8 August 2011) grandson of Simeon Riro Kāinga.

See also

 Hotu Matu'a
 King Nga'ara
 Rapa Nui
 Rapa Nui mythology

References

Further reading

Rapanui monarchs
Rapa Nui mythology
History of Easter Island
1st-millennium establishments in Oceania
States and territories disestablished in 1888
Kings in Oceania
Oceania

 Former

King of Easter Island


এশিয়া ইউরেশিয়ার মধ্য ও পূর্ব অংশ নিয়ে গঠিত। এই মহাদেশে প্রায় ৫০টি দেশের অবস্থান। দ্বীপগুলিসহ এই মহাদেশের ক্ষেত্রফল প্রায় ৪,৯৬,৯৪,৭০০ বর্গকিলোমিটার। মহাদেশটি সুয়েজ খালের মাধ্যমে আফ্রিকার সাথে এবং উরাল পর্বতমালার মাধ্যমে ইউরোপের সাথে যুক্ত।

প্রধান ভৌগোলিক বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ

মহাদেশটির সমুদ্রতল থেকে গড় উচ্চতা ৯৫০ মিটার (৩,১৭৭ ফুট)। সবগুলি মহাদেশের মধ্যে এটিই সর্বোচ্চ গড় উচ্চতা। মালভূমি ও পর্বতময় এলাকাগুলি মূলত দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম থেকে উত্তর-পশ্চিম বরাবর বিস্তৃত। তিব্বত মালভূমি ও পৃথিবীর সর্বোচ্চ শিখরসমৃদ্ধ হিমালয় পর্বতমালায় এর পরিণতি। এর উত্তর-পশ্চিমে রয়েছে বিস্তৃত সমভূমি, এবং দক্ষিণে রয়েছে ভৌগোলিকভাবে বিচ্ছিন্ন আরব উপদ্বীপ, ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশ এবং মালয় উপদ্বীপ। এছাড়াও মহাদেশটির দক্ষিণ-পূর্বে রয়েছে বিপুল সংখ্যক দ্বীপ।

সীমানা

Islands

Besides its mainland, Asia includes a large number of islands, including some of the world's largest islands, such as Borneo and Sumatra, and some of the world's most populated islands, such as Java and Honshū.

Other famous islands include Bali, Madura and Sulawesi of Indonesia; Hokkaidō, Shikoku, Kyūshū and Okinawa of Japan; the Andaman and Nicobar of India; Luzon, Cebu and Mindanao of the Philippines; Ko Pha Ngan and Ko Samui of Thailand; as well as Sri Lanka, Maldives, Singapore, Hong Kong island and Sakhalin.

The Asian nations of Indonesia, Brunei, East Timor, Singapore, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Cyprus are solely made up of one or more islands, and have no territory on the mainland.

For a comprehensive list of Asian islands, see List of islands of Asia.

চরম বিন্দুসমূহ

Asia
 উত্তরতম বিন্দু — Cape Fligely, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia (81°52'N)
 Southernmost Point — Dana Island, Indonesia ¹
 Westernmost Point — Cape Baba, Turkey (26°4'E) ²
 Easternmost Point — Big Diomede, Russia ³

Asia (Mainland)

 Northernmost Point — Cape Chelyuskin, Russia (77°43'N)
 Southernmost Point — Cape Piai, Malaysia (1°16'N)
 Westernmost Point — Cape Baba, Turkey (26°4'E)
 Easternmost Point — Cape Dezhnev (East Cape), Russia (169°40'W) ³

¹ If the Cocos (Keeling) Islands are included as part of Asia, then South Island (12°04'S) is the southernmost point.

² The Turkish islands in the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas are considered part of Europe.

³ According to the International Date Line.

Geographical regions

As already mentioned, Asia is a subregion of Eurasia. For further subdivisions based on that term, see North Eurasia and Central Eurasia.

Some Asian countries stretch beyond Asia. See Bicontinental country for details about the borderline cases between Asia and Europe, Asia and Africa, and Asia and Oceania.

The following subregions of Asia are traditionally recognized:
Central Asia
East Asia
Far East
North Asia
South Asia (or Indian Subcontinent)
Southeast Asia
Southwest Asia (or Middle East or West Asia)

Central Asia
There is no absolute consensus in the usage of this term. Usually, Central Asia includes:
 the Central Asian Republics of Kazakhstan (excluding its small European territory), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan.
 Afghanistan, Mongolia, and the western regions of চীন are also sometimes included.
 Former Soviet states in the Caucasus region.

Central Asia is currently geopolitically important because international disputes and conflicts over oil pipelines,  Nagorno-Karabakh, and Chechnya, as well as the presence of U.S. military and U.K. military forces in Afghanistan.

East Asia
This area includes:
 Japan.
 North and South Korea on the Korean Peninsula.
 চীন, but sometimes only the eastern regions

Sometimes the nations of Mongolia and Vietnam are also included in East Asia.

More informally, Southeast Asia is included in East Asia on some occasions.

North Asia
This term is rarely used by geographers, but usually it refers to the bigger Asian part of Russia, also known as Siberia. Sometimes the northern parts of other Asian nations, such as Kazakhstan or Mongolia, are also included in Northern Asia.  The term "Northern Eurasia" is sometimes used as an apolitical term that includes all the former nations of the U.S.S.R.

South Asia (or Indian Subcontinent)
South Asia is also referred to as the Indian Subcontinent. It includes:
 The Himalayan States of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
 The Indian Ocean nations of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman, Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands also lie in the Indian Ocean.
 The peninsular India (also known as the Deccan Plateau)
 Sometimes Afghanistan is also included to this category.

Southeast Asia
This region contains the Malay Peninsula, Indochina and islands in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The countries it contains are:

 In mainland Southeast Asia, the countries Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.
 In Maritime Southeast Asia, the countries of Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, Singapore and Indonesia (some of the Indonesian islands also lie in the Melanesia region of Oceania). East Timor (also Melanesian) is sometimes included too.

The country of Malaysia is divided in two by the South চীন Sea, and thus has both a mainland and island part.

Southwest Asia (or Middle East, Near East or West Asia)
This can also be called by the Western term Middle East, which is commonly used by Europeans and Americans. Middle East (to some interpretations) is often used to also refer to some countries in North Africa. Southwest Asia can be further divided into:

 Anatolia (i.e. Asia Minor), constituting the Asian part of Turkey.
 The island nation of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea.
 The Levant or Near East, which includes Syria, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and the Asian portion of Egypt.
 The Arabian peninsula, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Yemen and Kuwait.
 The Caucasus region (which straddles both Asia and Europe), namely Transcaucasia, including a small portion of Russia and, arguably, most if not all of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
 The Iranian Plateau, containing Iran and parts of other neighbouring nations.

Table of territories and regions

বহিঃসংযোগ
 Soil Maps of Asia European Digital Archive on the Soil Maps of the world
 http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/asia.html

আরও দেখুন
 এশিয়ার জাতীয় পার্কসমূহের তালিকা

এশিয়ার ভূগোল
এশিয়ার ভূতত্ত্ব

এশিয়ার ভূগোল


Steady Brook (2021 population: 416) is a Canadian town in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.  Located on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland, the town is situated 8 kilometres east of the city of Corner Brook in the lower Humber Valley.  The town is surrounded by the Long Range Mountains and sits astride the Humber River.  Steady Brook has become a thriving community in recent years as a result of provincial investments in the Marble Mountain alpine ski resort, along with golf courses and other recreational amenities.

The twinning of Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway, through the valley, as well as the expansion of the Deer Lake Regional Airport has made Steady Brook attractive to active retirees and professionals in the west coast region.  Its infrastructure, recreation facilities, community programs and scenic amenities have driven residential development in recent years.

Steady Brook is a progressive 'green community', encouraging recycling and composting, and limited use of cosmetic pesticides.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Steady Brook had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

See also
 List of cities and towns in Newfoundland and Labrador

References

Towns in Newfoundland and Labrador

Steady Brook


Monika Jagaciak Jankic (; born 15 January 1994), known professionally as Jac Jagaciak, is a Polish model. After signing with IMG Models in 2007, Jagaciak was given the nickname "Jac" by the agency.

Early life
Monika Jagaciak Jankic was born in Poznań, Poland. Her mother worked as a physical education teacher, and her father worked as a jumping and sprinting coach. Her older sister, Anna Jagaciak-Michalska, is a retired professional Polish long jumper and triple jumper. At the age of four, Jagaciak began participating in track and field.

Career

Early work and controversy (2007–08)
Jagaciak's modeling career began in 2007 after she was encouraged by her sister to attend an open casting of GAGA Models Agency at a shopping center in Poland. She was then picked up by IMG who signed her and in July 2007 she appeared on the cover of French Jalouse. Her big break came at age 13, when Jagaciak went on to land a Hermès campaign for the Fall/Winter 2007 season alongside Daria Werbowy, beating out 600 other candidates while still in primary school. Jagaciak stated in a later interview that before doing the campaign she had never heard of Hermes, nor had she heard of the photographer of the shoot Peter Lindbergh, "I think not knowing helped me stay relaxed" she said. Though Jagaciak's photos incensed some critics, who were upset at the idea of sexualizing girls at such a young age. Soon after, Jagaciak began traveling overseas for her career and in 2008 she traveled to Japan where she landed the cover of Elle. In May 2008, she appeared for the second time on the cover of French Jalouse, and in October 2008 Jagaciak also landed covers for Japanese Harper's Bazaar, and Japanese Spur. Jagaciak was set to appear on the cover of Australian Vogue when the editor decided she was wasn't old enough, and she had to sit out fashion shows due to age regulations.

Despite her success Jagaciak's young age and presence in the fashion industry caused huge controversy when, in 2008 at the age of 14, she was deemed inappropriate for Australian Fashion Week. After getting some criticisms about sexualization of young models in the fashion industry, organizers of Australian Fashion Week ruled that all children under 16 years old be banned from walking at the shows in Sydney. Jagaciak, who felt she was old enough, thought the decision was "stupid". The question was never asked of Gemma Ward, who was 15 when she made her Australian Fashion Week debut in May 2003 or of another Australian model, Tallulah Morton, who was 13 when she made her debut at the event two years later. Her mother, Marlena, said she accompanied her daughter on assignments and would never put her in danger. Jagaciak's mother believes her daughter has enough support to handle the tough industry but does not resent Australia's ban.

Breakthrough (2009–present)
After waiting 2 years, at 15 years of age, she made a splash in the fall 2009 shows, debuting at New York Fashion Week, walking in a slew of shows, from Donna Karan to Calvin Klein Collection (which she opened and closed), becoming one of the most talked-about newcomers of the fall 2009 season. She became known for her powerful runway walk – even though she fell on the Hervé Léger runway, she went on to close both Shiatzy Chen, Marc Jacobs and Marni. She has gone on to walk in Milan too, walking for Prada, Dolce & Gabbana, Fendi, Versace, and many more, but she didn't meet the age requirement to walk in Paris so she skipped those. As of May 2009 she's been on thirteen magazine covers. And became one of the "Top Ten Models to Watch" by New York Magazine. Designer Francisco Costa said of her when she became the face of Calvin Klein, "She possesses a timeless beauty that gives her the ability to be highly versatile, making her one of the most promising new models today."

For FW10 her advertising campaigns included Valentino, Alberta Ferretti, Chanel Beauty, Marc Jacobs, and Philosophy di Alberta Ferretti. However, her contract with Calvin Klein ended for the Fall/Winter 2010 season, and Jagaciak was subsequently replaced by Dutch model Lara Stone.When she was in the spring 2011 "New York Fashion Week's Top Ten Models" list at No. 7 opening for Tommy Hilfiger and closing shows for Derek Lam, Richard Chai LOVE.

In 2015, she became a Victoria's Secret Angel. The next year she left the brand.

Jagaciak took a two-year hiatus to be educated at School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

Personal life
Jagaciak and her family live in Mosina, a township of just 12,107 surrounded by the Greater Poland National Park about 20 km south of Poznań. In her spare time Jagaciak enjoys playing sports and drawing. Despite Jagaciak's busy career, she considers education very important.

In 2017, Jagaciak married Branislav Jankic, an American-Serbian artist.

Jagaciak has a daughter, Mila, born in 2019.

References

External links

 Portfolio

1994 births
Living people
Polish female models
Models from Poznań
Victoria's Secret Angels

Jac Jagaciak


Clelio Darida (3 May 1927 – 11 May 2017) was an Italian politician. He was mayor of Rome and minister of the Italian Republic.

Biography
Darida was born in Rome in 1927.

Starting from June 1960, he was member of Rome's municipal council for his party, Christian Democracy (DC). Within the DC, he was a member of the faction of Amintore Fanfani first, and Arnaldo Forlani later. He was elected mayor of Rome on 30 July 1969, being confirmed on 17 March 1972. In 1974 he formed a city council including only DC member, with indirect support by the councillors of the Italian Communist Party.

In 1976 he resigned as mayor to participate in the 1976 general elections. He was elected in the Chamber of Deputies, being confirmed until 1992, when he was not re-elected.

Darida served as Undersecretary at the Ministry of the Interior from 1976 to 1980, and, from 1980 to 1987, he served as Minister for the Parliamentary Relations, as Minister of Post and Telecommunications, as Minister of Public Function, as Minister of Justice and as Minister of State Holdings.

During the Tangentopoli corruption scandal in the early 1990s, he was accused of bribery and imprisoned for a short period in San Vittore Prison. Later he was acquitted of all accusations and obtained from the Ministry of the Treasury a compensation of ₤100 million.

In 2006 Darida participated with Publio Fiori in the constitution of a new political movement of Christian inspiration, the Christian Democratic Refoundation, of which he was appointed President of the National Council.

In 2012 Darida accepted the invitation of several former Christian Democrat national councilors in office in 1993 and convened the National Council of Christian Democracy, after the Court of Cassation acknowledged that this party had never been dissolved, since the National Council that sanctioned the birth of the Italian People's Party in 1994 also didn't have the power to deliberate dissolution of the DC. On 30 March 2012 Darida proceeded, together with 48 other members, the self-convocation of the DC National Council, electing the new National Directorate. Gianni Fontana was appointed secretary of the reborn Christian Democracy, Silvio Lega was appointed president of the National Council, while Clelio Darida was appointed honorary president of the party.

A few months after having contributed personally to the reconvening of the 1993 DC National Council, Darida abandoned the Christian Democracy led by Fontana to join the Christian Democracy led by Angelo Sandri, of which he became honorary president.

Darida died in Rome on 11 May 2017.

References

External links

1927 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Rome
Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
20th-century Italian politicians
Government ministers of Italy
Mayors of Rome
Italian Ministers of Justice

Clelio Darida


The  is a megalithic monument located in the grounds of the , a Shinto shrine located in the city of  Takasago, Hyōgo Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. Of unknown age, it was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1979 collectively with the nearby , which dates from the Kofun period. It is also called the .

Ishi no Hōden
The Ishi-no-Hōden is made from tuff and is surrounded on three sides by unprocessed bedrock. With a weight estimated at 500 tons, it measures 6.4 meters wide by 5.7 meters high by 7.2 meters in thickness. In shape, it is carved in the form of two flat rectangular parallelepipeds oriented vertically and sandwiching a small rectangular parallelepiped. One of the sides has a protrusion shaped like the top of a pyramid. The space between the surrounding bedrock and the megalith is wide enough for one adult to pass through, and it is possible to go around (admission fee is required). The monolith is situated in a large depression, which forms a pond at its base. The monolith is carved with a pillar at the center of its base, which is not visible at eye-level, so the monolith appears to be floating above the pond.

From 2005 to 2006, laser three-dimensional measurement was carried out to confirm the shape by the Takasago City Board of Education with the cooperation of the Otemae University Research Institute; however, the date the monolith was carved, and by whom and for what purpose remain complete mysteries. In legend, the kami Ōkuninushi and Sukunabikona came from Izumo to Harima and attempted to build a stone palace overnight. Their efforts were thwarted by a rebellion of the kami of Harima, and the partially completed palace was overthrown. Nevertheless, Ōkuninushi and Sukunabiko decided to protect the land. The monolith is mentioned in the "Harima Kokudo Fudoki" which is dated to around 713 to 717, which attributes it to Mononobe no Moriya per the orders of Prince Shotoku, even though when Prince Shotoku became regent, Mononobe no Moriya had long been dead. During the Edo Period, Philipp Franz von Siebold made note of the monument and left three detailed sketches of it in the first volume of his work Nippon. Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan und dessen Neben- und Schutzländern from 1832.

The monolith is 1.5 kilometers from Hoden Station on the JR West San'yō Main Line.

Tatsuyama Stone Quarries
"Tatsuyama stone" is the name given to rhyolite welded tuff found on the right bank of the lower reaches of the Kakogawa River. It is a thick deposit of pyroclastic flow ejected by volcanic activity in the late Cretaceous about 100 million years ago and has the density and material strength suitable as a building material. Traces of stone quarries have been found at numerous locations within the borders of the city of Takasago, of which 162 locations covering 670,000 square meters remain. These quarries have been in operation for over 1700 years, from the Kofun period to then present day, and 31 locations in the Tatsuyama and Hodenyama neighborhoods covering 110,000 squad meters were selected for protection as a National Historic Site in 1979.

Stone from these quarries was transported by boat from the Hokkesantani River that flows near the quarry, and was used for buildings and stone Buddhas. It was used as the material for many sarcophagus from the middle and late Kofun period and foundation stones for Heijo Palace and various temples in the Yamato region. In more modern times, it was used in the stone walls of Himeji Castle, the Tokyo Imperial Palace and National Diet Building and many other buildings.

Gallery

See also
List of Historic Sites of Japan (Hyōgo)

References

External links

Hyogo Tourism official site
Takasago City official homepage

History of Hyōgo Prefecture
Takasago, Hyōgo
Archaeological sites in Japan
Historic Sites of Japan
Megalithic monuments
Quarries

Ishi no Hōden


The ventral ramus (: rami) (Latin for 'branch') is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. The ventral rami supply the antero-lateral parts of the trunk and the limbs. They are mainly larger than the dorsal rami.

Shortly after a spinal nerve exits the intervertebral foramen, it branches into the dorsal ramus, the ventral ramus, and the ramus communicans. Each of these three structures carries both sensory and motor information. Each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor information, via efferent and afferent nerve fibers—ultimately via the motor cortex in the frontal lobe and to somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe—but also through the phenomenon of reflex. Spinal nerves are referred to as "mixed nerves".

In the thoracic region they remain distinct from each other and each innervates a narrow
strip of muscle and skin along the sides, chest, ribs, and abdominal wall. These rami are called the intercostal nerves. In regions other than the thoracic, ventral rami converge with each other to form networks of nerves
called nerve plexuses. Within each plexus, fibers from the various ventral rami branch and
become redistributed so that each nerve exiting the plexus has fibers from several different spinal nerves. One advantage to having plexes is that damage to a single spinal nerve will not completely paralyze a limb.

There are four main plexuses formed by the ventral rami:
the cervical plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C1–C4. Branches of the
cervical plexus, which include the phrenic nerve, innervate muscles of the neck, the diaphragm, and the skin of the neck and upper chest.
The brachial plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves C5–T1. This plexus innervates
the pectoral girdle and upper limb.
The lumbar plexus contains ventral rami from spinal nerves L1–L4. The sacral plexus contains ventral
rami from spinal nerves L4–S4. The lumbar and sacral plexuses innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs.

Ventral rami, including the sinuvertebral nerve branches, also supply structures anterior to the facet joint, including the vertebral bodies, the discs and their ligaments, and joins other spinal nerves to form the lumbosacral plexus.

References

External links
  ()
  - "Lumbosacral plexus"

Spinal nerves

Ventral ramus of spinal nerve


Restaurant Stakeout is a scripted American reality television series on the Food Network. The series debuted on March 12, 2012, with the second season premiering on August 29, 2012. It is one of the first non-studio shows attempted on Food Network.

Plot
The series follows William Jack "Willie" Degel, the owner of New York City restaurant Uncle Jack's Steakhouse, who goes behind the scenes of various restaurants across the country at the request of their owner(s). He takes the keys and installs hidden cameras to examine their service problems.

Willie and the owner(s) observe the restaurant's operation from a control room, and Willie comments about what he sees. Once Willie has assembled a list of key issues, the owner(s) calls a staff meeting. Willie appears at the meeting and confronts the staff with his findings. After that takes place, Willie returns the next day to help correct the problems. Some time later, Willie returns (now dressed in casual clothes) to get a status report.

The show differs from other similar shows in that its primary focus is on identifying ways to provide better customer service. Unlike Kitchen Nightmares and Restaurant: Impossible, there is rarely a problem with the cuisine, restaurant cleanliness, menu, or decor. The owner's main fault is being much too easy on the staff. Mystery Diners is also scripted, but usually about determining who is actively undermining the restaurant and getting them fired (although occasionally, a few employees have been fired on this show).

Episodes

Series overview

Season 1 (2012)

Season 2 (2012)

Season 3 (2013)

Season 4 (2013–14)

Season 5 (2014)

References

External links

2010s American reality television series
2012 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
Food Network original programming

Restaurant Stakeout


Ratko "Raša" Radovanović (; born 16 October 1956) is a Serbian former professional basketball player who competed for SFR Yugoslavia, at the 1980 Summer Olympics, and at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Early life
Born in the town of Nevesinje within the Herzegovina region, Radovanović, still an infant, was brought by his parents to Nikšić, PR Montenegro where he grew up.

A tall and lanky kid, Radovanović took up basketball in Nikšić on an informal, recreational basis in 1969. In May 1970, the senior Yugoslav national team won the 1970 FIBA World Championship, resulting in an explosion of popularity for the sport throughout the country — a trend Radovanović followed, as he started training a lot more seriously. It wasn't long before he got noticed by the Bosna sports society general secretary Vukašin "Vule" Vukalović who recommended the youngster to KK Bosna head coach Bogdan Tanjević.

Club career

KK Bosna
Radovanović arrived to Sarajevo in October 1972, having just turned 16 years of age. Though officially part of the KK Bosna youth system, first team head coach Tanjević would already give him an odd first team run-out during the 1972-73 season, the club's first ever in the Yugoslav top-tier league.

Throughout the 1973-74 season, seventeen-year-old Radovanović recorded 17 first team appearances in the Yugoslav First League, scoring a total of 43 points (2.5 points per game).

During the 1974-75 season, the eighteen-year-old's continued improvement led to a permanent move to the first team. His league scoring average over the season reached 5.8 points per game.

National team

Youth
Radovanović got picked for the Yugoslav cadet (under-16) national team at the European Championship for Cadets, held in Italy during July 1973, making a modest contribution to Yugoslavia's bronze medal effort with 2.2 points per game.

The following summer, he made the Yugoslav junior (under-18) squad at the European Championship for Juniors, in France, this time playing a much larger role on a team coached by Tanjević, his club head coach at Bosna. Radovanović contributed with 13.8 points per game, as the Yugoslav team — featuring Branko Skroče, Mihovil Nakić, Andro Knego, and Rajko Žižić, among others — won gold.

Senior
In July 1975, Radovanović, still only eighteen-years-old, made his full squad senior Yugoslav national team debut in a game versus Canada at Hala Pinki as part of the International Cup.

Post-playing career
Right after retiring from playing basketball in 1990 in Venice, thirty-three-year-old Radovanović moved to Sarajevo with his wife and their two young children. Returning to the city where he had previously lived for eleven years between 1972 and 1983 while with KK Bosna, he invested some of his money in healthcare by opening a private dental office.

Less than two years after that, the Bosnian War broke out and Radovanović and his family fled to Belgrade where he has been living ever since.

FMP Železnik sporting director
In 1996, Radovanović joined the front office of FMP Železnik — a club that had just finished playing its first ever season in FR Yugoslavia's top-tier league — in the sporting director capacity. Working under the club's owner and president Nebojša Čović, Radovanović handled player personnel issues — helping FMP Železnik become a noted producer of basketball talent.

In the 1996-97 season, Radovanović's first with the club, FMP Železnik won the FR Yugoslavia Cup competition — its very first piece of silverware. However, instead of keeping the Cup-winning squad (that consisted of somewhat older players) intact, the club decided to sell them and turn to bringing up a generation of 17 and 18-year-olds from its youth system into the first team.

With Čović's financial support, Radovanović implemented a player development system in FMP that relied on identifying and acquiring talented teenagers from all over FR Yugoslavia / Serbia-Montenegro / Serbia during early stages of their basketball development, working with them within the club's system featuring academy-like facilities at the Belgrade suburb of Železnik where in addition to training they also lived and studied, and later selling them at a profit to bigger clubs. Players developed in the club during Radovanović's tenure include: Miloš Teodosić (sold in 2007 to Olympiakos for €1.2 million), Zoran Erceg (sold in 2008 to Olympiakos for €800,000), Aleksandar Rašić (sold in 2007 to Efes Pilsen for €400,000), Dejan Musli (sold in 2010 to Caja Laboral), Miroslav Raduljica (sold in 2010 to Efes Pilsen for €600,000), Mladen Šekularac (sold in 2002 to Virtus Bologna for €600,000), Dejan Milojević (sold in 2000 to KK Budućnost for €600,000), Ognjen Aškrabić (sold in 2004 to the newly-established Dynamo Saint Petersburg for €550,000), Duško Savanović (sold in 2006 to UNICS Kazan for €500,000), Vladimir Radmanović and Mile Ilić (sold in 2001 to the Seattle SuperSonics and in 2006 to the New Jersey Nets, respectively, for the then fixed transfer fee of US$350,000 that the NBA franchises were paying to European clubs for players under contract).

After fourteen years at the club, Radovanović parted ways with FMP Železnik in 2010 at the beginning of the 2010-11 season.

In August 2017, following seven years away from basketball, Radovanović almost came back to the sport as KK Partizan's youth system director. The news of his return even got announced by the Serbian press outlets, however, nothing came of it in the end with Radovanović later revealing that negotiations with KK Partizan lasted over a month with no deal ultimately being made.

Sloboda Užice sporting director
On May 26, 2018, Radovanović became the sports director of Sloboda Užice, newly promoted member of the Basketball League of Serbia for the 2018-19 season.

Political activities
He became a member of Serbian Progressive Party in May 2023.

References

1956 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Centers (basketball)
Competitors at the 1975 Mediterranean Games
Competitors at the 1979 Mediterranean Games
FIBA World Championship-winning players
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Mediterranean Games medalists in basketball
Olympic basketball players for Yugoslavia
Olympic bronze medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic gold medalists for Yugoslavia
Olympic medalists in basketball
Reyer Venezia players
Serbian basketball executives and administrators
Serbian expatriate basketball people in France
Serbian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Serbian men's basketball players
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbs of Montenegro
Sportspeople from Nevesinje
Sportspeople from Nikšić
Yugoslav men's basketball players
1978 FIBA World Championship players
1982 FIBA World Championship players
1986 FIBA World Championship players
KK Bosna Royal players
Yugoslav expatriate basketball people
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in France
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Goodwill Games medalists in basketball

Ratko Radovanović


Ikenna Azuike (born 8 July 1979) is a Nigerian-British lawyer-turned broadcaster, best known for presenting the satirical and pop-culture show, What's Up Africa.

In 2014, Azuike was cited as one of the "100 Most Influential Africans" by New African magazine

Early life
Azuike was born in Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. His mother is half German and half Ukrainian and his father Nigerian.
He moved to the UK with his parents when he was 8 years old.
He currently resides in Amsterdam, Netherlands with his Dutch girlfriend and two children.

Career
Azuike studied Law with French Law at University College, London, and obtained his LPC at the University of Nottingham in 2002.

He began his career as a lawyer for Shearman & Sterling LLP in London and Singapore, then Clifford Chance LLP in Amsterdam and in 2007 moved to the United States to return to work for Shearman & Sterling LLP in New York.

In 2008, Azuike moved back to the Netherlands from New York with his girlfriend Mette te Velde to co-found the Strawberry Earth foundation; a blog, store, events and PR company  linking sustainable businesses and initiatives with young and influential creatives all over the world.

Azuike also joined Radio Netherlands Worldwide in 2008 as a trainee, part-time radio journalist, cutting his teeth on a daily news programme and subsequently a weekly magazine programme called Bridges With Africa. Frustrated by what he felt was the unbalanced and often "inaccurate portrayal of Africa in Western media", Azuike persuaded RNW to let him create a satirical video blog about African news, views and people, a concept inspired by US satirical news shows such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. What's Up Africa was the result - a YouTube video blog launched by Azuike in conjunction with RNW in March 2011 covering African news and political satire.

In 2013, Azuike was invited to speak at a variety of TEDx events, the first was TEDxLuanda, based in Angola. Another TEDx events, include TEDxEuston, where he spoke on the same stage as the Nigerian Finance Minister,  Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. In 2014, Azuike was also invited to host the live TEDxHague Academy event at the Peace Palace in The Hague.

In January 2012, Azuike was recognised by TheRoot.com as one of the top 25 bloggers to watch. And he was also cited as one of the 100 Most Influential Africans 2014 by New African magazine

From January 2015, What's Up Africa will be incorporated as a weekly segment within the BBC World News television show, Focus on Africa.

In July 2019, his Dutch programme "Planeet Nigeria" started on the Dutch public broadcaster, in which he tries to understand his country of birth.

References

1979 births
Living people
21st-century English lawyers
British solicitors
British broadcasters
Nigerian broadcasters
British satirists
Alumni of University College London
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
People associated with Shearman & Sterling

Ikenna Azuike