Joseph Adam Jonas (born August 15, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He rose to fame as a member of the pop rock band the Jonas Brothers, alongside his brothers Kevin and Nick. The group released their debut studio album It's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006, which failed to achieve commercial success. After signing with Hollywood Records, the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007, which became their breakthrough record. The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time, gaining a large following through the network: they appeared in the widely successful musical television film Camp Rock (2008) and its sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam (2010) as well as two of their own series, Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream (2008–2010) and Jonas (2009–2010).

The band's third studio album, A Little Bit Longer (2008), saw continued commercial success for the group; the album's lead single "Burnin' Up" hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their fourth studio album, while still successful on the Billboard 200 chart, saw a decline in record sales. After the group confirmed a hiatus, Joe released his debut solo studio album, Fastlife (2011), which saw moderate commercial success. After the Jonas Brothers officially parted ways due to creative differences, Jonas formed the funk-pop band DNCE in 2015, serving as the lead vocalist. The group saw the significant commercial success of their debut single "Cake by the Ocean", which peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.

Early life
Joseph Adam Jonas was born on August 15, 1989. in Casa Grande, Arizona, the son of Denise (née Miller) and Paul Kevin Jonas. His father is a songwriter, musician, and former ordained minister at an Assemblies of God church while his mother is a former sign language teacher and singer. He has an older brother, Kevin, and two younger brothers, Nick and Frankie. In 2002, Joe appeared in Baz Luhrmann's Broadway production of La bohème.

Career

2005–2007: Breakthrough with Jonas Brothers

In 2005, Joe, Kevin, and Nick recorded Please Be Mine, their first song recorded. Upon hearing the song, the Columbia Records president Steve Greenberg decided to sign the brothers as a group. They considered naming their group "Sons of Jonas" before settling on the name Jonas Brothers. While working on their debut studio album, the band toured throughout 2005 with artists such as Jump5, Kelly Clarkson, Jesse McCartney, the Backstreet Boys, and The Click Five among others. The group released their debut single, "Mandy", in December 2005. The album was initially scheduled for a February 2006 release date, though executive changes at Columbia's parent company Sony led to numerous delays on the project's release. During this time, the group began making appearances on various Disney Channel related soundtracks and toured with Aly & AJ throughout 2006. The band's debut album, It's About Time (2006), was released on August 8, 2006. The album received little backing from the label, who had no further interest in promoting the band. The album's second single, "Year 3000", had its music video premiere on the Disney Channel in the beginning of 2007. Dissatisfied with how the release of the record was handled, the band hoped to depart from Columbia Records and find a new label; it was later confirmed in 2007 that the group had been dropped by the label. The album went on to sell a total of 67,000 copies in the United States.

Only a short period of time after their departure from Columbia Records, it was confirmed that the group had signed a new contract with Hollywood Records. While working on their new album, the group continued to gain popularity due to soundtrack appearances and promotional appearances. The group released their self-titled second studio album through Hollywood Records on August 7, 2007. The album entered the top five of the Billboard 200 in the United States, going on to sell over two million copies in the country. Joe and his brothers made their acting debut on an August 17 episode of the Disney series Hannah Montana titled "Me and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas and Mr. Jonas". The band performed the collaboration "We Got the Party" with lead actress Miley Cyrus, with the episode gaining over ten million viewers and became basic cable's most watched series telecast ever. The group's single "S.O.S" became their first top twenty hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and has sold over 1.5 million copies in the country, they put out Hold On, When You Look Me in the Eyes among singles.

2008–2010: Acting

In May 2008, he and the band began starring in their own Documentary series Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream. Jonas made his film debut along with his brothers in the Disney Channel film Camp Rock (2008). The film's soundtrack was released on July 17, 2008, and sold 188,000 copies in its first week of release in the United States. Joe recorded the duet "This Is Me" for the project, with the song reaching the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The song served as Jonas' first release outside of the Jonas Brothers. It has sold just over 900,000 copies in the United States. The Jonas Brothers' third studio album, A Little Bit Longer, was released in the United States on August 12, 2008. The album became their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 chart, selling over 525,000 copies in its first week of release. The album went on to sell over two million copies in the United States, making it their second multi-platinum album. The album was preceded by the release of the single "Burnin' Up" (2008), which became the band's first top five hit in the United States. Love Bug, Tonight were put out among singles. Joe and his brothers starred in the 3D biopic Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience, which received a theatrical release on February 27, 2009. The film was a financial success and is the sixth highest-grossing concert film.

Jonas starred with all three of his brothers their second Disney Channel series, Jonas, which made its debut on May 2, 2009. The show's second and final season aired under the name Jonas L.A. The band released their fourth studio album, entitled Lines, Vines and Trying Times, on June 16, 2009. The project debuted at the top spot on the Billboard 200, boasting first week sales of 247,000 copies. Paranoid and Fly with Me were put out as singles. Joe was featured as a guest judge on a January 2010 episode of the ninth season of the singing competition American Idol. In February 2010, Jonas made a cameo appearance in Vampire Weekend's music video for "Giving Up the Gun" along with Jake Gyllenhaal, Lil Jon, and RZA. He later guest starred in a 2010 episode of Hot In Cleveland as Valerie Bertinelli's son, Will. Jonas starred in the sequel Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam.

2011–2014: Fastlife and group disbandment
In 2011, it was announced that Jonas was planning on recording a solo album. Jonas hoped to incorporate elements of funk into the album. Jonas released the album's lead single, titled "See No More", made in collaboration with Chris Brown on June 3, 2011. The single failed to have much commercial success, only reaching ninety-two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. On August 4, 2011, Jonas announced via Twitter that he would join Britney Spears on her European tour starting October 16, 2011. Ryan Seacrest premiered the album's second single, "Just in Love", on September 9, 2011. The single was later remixed to include rapper Lil Wayne. Jonas later confirmed the album to be titled Fastlife. In support of the album, Joe co-headlined with Jay Sean in the Joe Jonas & Jay Sean Tour with JoJo as the opening act. The tour kicked off on September 9, 2011, and concluded on October 6, 2011. Fastlife was released through Hollywood Records on October 11, 2011. The album sold a total of 18,000 copies in its first week of release, debuting at number fifteen on the Billboard 200. The album quickly fell off of the albums chart, going on to sell a mere 45,000 copies by 2015. On May 1, 2012, it was announced that both the Jonas Brothers and Joe Jonas had parted ways with Hollywood Records.

It was confirmed in April 2013 that the Jonas Brothers would reunite to begin working on their fifth studio album and an upcoming tour. Kevin Jonas later starred in his own E! reality series, Married to Jonas, which focused on his marriage to new wife Danielle. The show featured appearances from Joe and Nick and documented the band's preparations for their musical comeback. That same year, Jonas participated in Fox's dating game show The Choice. Jonas began dating model Blanda Eggenschwiler in September 2012, with the two dating until July 2014. Jonas co-wrote the song "Dreams" for the John Legend album Love in the Future (2013). The brothers performed in Russia in September 2012, making it their first live performance since their 2010 tour. Their much-anticipated reunion concert, which had been announced in August 2012, took place on October 11, 2012, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The band's fifth studio album, set to be released independently through their own label, was slated for release in 2013. The Jonas Brothers also announced an upcoming North American tour, with tickets going on sale. The album, initially titled V,Live included the previously released singles, "Pom Poms" and "First Time". On October 9, 2013, the group cancelled their upcoming tour days before it was slated to start, citing a "deep rift within the band" over "creative differences". Only days later, it was confirmed that the band had officially ended.

2015–2018: DNCE and The Voice

With the band officially broken up, Jonas began working on a new musical project with producers such as Malay and Mattman & Robin. While working on the project, Jonas was unsure whether he wanted to record a second studio album or start a new band. Upon working with Justin Tranter on multiple songs, Jonas decided to form a band with his friends and former touring partners Jack Lawless and JinJoo Lee. Cole Whittle, a member of the alternative rock band Semi Precious Weapons, became the fourth and final member of the group. The group named themselves DNCE, a misspelling of the word dance. DNCE released their debut single, "Cake by the Ocean", in 2015. Their Swaay debut extended play was released in October 2015. Their self title DNCE album was later released. It debuted at number seventy-nine on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States but peaked at number nine.

In 2018, he joined the Australian version of The Voice as a coach, a year after being a mentor on the American version. In June 2018, Jonas and British DJ Jonas Blue released their collaborative track "I See Love", a song for the film Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation. He also voiced a Kraken in the movie.

2019–present: Jonas Brothers reunion

Starting in late January, rumors were swirling on Twitter and other social media that the three brothers were going to reform the Jonas Brothers. On February 28, 2019, the Jonas Brothers officially announced their return along with a new single, "Sucker", which released the next day, March 1. In April 2019, Joe Jonas appeared at WE Day California, portions of which were aired on ABC in August of the same year.

In January 2021, it was announced that Jonas was among the cast of the Korean War movie Devotion. During March 2021, the filming took place on Tybee Island, Georgia. The movie, which is expected to premiere in 2022, also had filming on Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge in Charleston, South Carolina during May 2021. He has called his joining the cast of Devotion a "life changing" experience. In September 2022, it was announced that Jonas had co-authored a song titled "Not Alone" for the credits of the movie, calling the song "One of the favorites that I've ever written" and labeling the song as "spiritual".

In February 2022, Jonas announced the return of DNCE along with Lawless and Lee. Jonas announced the return of the band with a new song by Norwegian DJ Kygo, titled Dancing Feet, which was released on February 25, 2022.

The Jonas brothers released their sixth studio album The Album in May 2023.

Personal life
Jonas started dating English actress Sophie Turner in 2016. They got engaged in October 2017, and married on May 1, 2019, in Las Vegas, Nevada. They held their second wedding in Paris, France on June 29, 2019. The couple have two daughters. In September 2023, Jonas filed for divorce from Turner in Miami, Florida. Turner subsequently sued Jonas and cited "wrongful detention," saying that Jonas refused to allow their daughters to return to England, which had been registered as their permanent residence in April. Jonas and Turner reached a temporary custody agreement in October.

In May 2021, Jonas made 250 replicas of his right hand to promote, along with travel agency Expedia Group, the return to travel by Americans who felt uncertainty and were unsure of resuming travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Jonas also promoted donations to frontline health workers and urged mental health care for those affected during the pandemic.

In September 2021, Jonas and Turner purchased a mansion in Miami, Florida for $11 million. The mansion was reportedly inspired by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Prior to moving to Miami, Jonas and Turner sold their house in Encino, a neighborhood of Los Angeles, for $15.2 million. In November 2022, the Jonases' Miami residence was listed for sale with an asking price of nearly $17 million.

In June 2022, Jonas announced he would be joining an environmental campaign by the Texas Department of Transportation named Don't Mess with Texas, to encourage people against littering while travelling on the road. Jonas is also a spokesperson for STAAR Surgical, a company which implants lenses to replace common and lens glasses.

Discography

Solo albums
Fastlife (2011)

with the Jonas Brothers
It's About Time (2006)
Jonas Brothers (2007)
A Little Bit Longer (2008)
Lines, Vines and Trying Times (2009)
Happiness Begins (2019)
The Album (2023)

with DNCE
 DNCE (2016)

Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1989 births
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from New Jersey
American male film actors
American male singer-songwriters
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Jonas Brothers members
Living people
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
People from Wyckoff, New Jersey
Participants in American reality television series
People from Casa Grande, Arizona
Hollywood Records artists
DNCE members
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Jonas family
Singer-songwriters from Arizona

Joe Jonas


The Academia Colombiana de la Lengua  (Spanish for Colombian Academy of Language) is an association of academics and experts on the use of the Spanish language in Colombia. It is based in Bogotá, Colombia's capital, and is a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies.

History
The academy is the oldest of all the Latin American Spanish language academies, the first official academy founded outside Spain. It was founded in 1871 by a group of writers and philology specialists, including Jose Maria Vergara y Vergara, Manuel María Mallarino; Rufino José Cuervo, the father of Hispanic-American philology; and Miguel Antonio Caro.

Its first headquarters occupied the site of the house of Caro, a founder and ex-president of the group. It was constructed between 1916 and 1918, designed by Carlos Camargo Quiñones with the support of Pietro Cantini. The building was demolished to make way for the intersection of 19th Street with 7th Avenue, as was the nearby Church of the Conception.

The academy's current site, at the intersection of 3rd Avenue and 18th Street, was constructed in the late 1950s. The neoclassical-style building was designed by the Spanish architect Alfredo Rodríguez Ordaz. In 1960, the Colombian academy hosted the third Congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies, in which the Bogotá Agreement was presented and signed. The new Rodríguez Orgaz building was inaugurated on that occasion.

Since 1960, the institution has officially advised the Colombian government on linguistic matters.

Its current and former members include Manuel María Mallarino, Germán Arciniegas, Jaime Sanín Echeverri, Diego Uribe Vargas, Otto Morales Benítez, Juan Gustavo Cobo Borda, Maruja Vieira, Marco Fidel Suárez, and Fernando Hinestrosa Forero.

Its current director is Juan Carlos Vergara. The academy has two dozen members, as well as several honorary members, including Diego Uribe Vargas, Dora Castellanos, and Carlos Rodado Noriega.

Library
The academy's library was organized by the academic Manuel José Forero. It is divided into collections based on the donor who contributed the materials or to whom they originally belonged.

References

External links
 Official website; History of the academy (in Spanish only)
 A complete presentation of the academy (in Spanish only)

Spanish language academies
Educational organisations based in Colombia
Organizations established in 1871
1871 establishments in South America

Academia Colombiana de la Lengua


The first season of the musical comedy-drama television series Glee originally aired on Fox in the United States. The pilot episode was broadcast as an advanced preview of the series on May 19, 2009, with the remainder of the season airing between September 9, 2009, and June 8, 2010. The season consisted of 22 episodes; the first 13 aired on Wednesdays at 9 pm (ET) and the final 9 aired on Tuesdays at 9 pm (ET). The season was executive produced by Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Dante Di Loreto; Murphy's production company helped co-produce the series alongside 20th Century Fox.

The season features the fictional high school show choir New Directions competing for the first time on the show choir circuit, while its members and faculty deal with sex, bullying, body image, homosexuality, teenage pregnancy, disabilities, adoption and other social issues. The central characters are glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), Will's former wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), and glee club members Rachel (Lea Michele), Finn (Cory Monteith), Artie (Kevin McHale), Kurt (Chris Colfer), Mercedes (Amber Riley), Tina (Jenna Ushkowitz), Puck (Mark Salling), and Quinn (Dianna Agron).

The season received generally positive reviews from critics. The musical scores used throughout the first season proved to be a commercial success, with over seven million copies of Glee cast single releases purchased digitally. In 2009, the Glee remake of "Don't Stop Believin' became their first hit, and other covers quickly gained similar worldwide popularity, while the albums topped the charts in Ireland and other countries. The season was nominated for 19 Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, six Satellite Awards and 57 other awards. It was accompanied by four DVD releases: Glee – Pilot Episode: Director's Cut, Glee – Season 1, Volume 1: Road to Sectionals featuring episodes one to thirteen, Glee – Season 1, Volume 2: Road to Regionals featuring episodes fourteen to twenty-two, and Glee – The Complete First Season.

Episodes

Production

The season was produced by 20th Century Fox Television and Ryan Murphy Television, and was aired on Fox in the US. The executive producers were Dante Di Loreto and series creators Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk, with John Peter Kousas and creator Ian Brennan acting as co-executive producers. The first two episodes were co-written by Murphy, Falchuk and Brennan; all other episodes were written by them individually. Murphy and Falchuk also directed several episodes, while other episodes were directed by Elodie Keene, John Scott, Paris Barclay, Bill D'Elia and Alfonso Gomez-Rejon. Joss Whedon guest-directed the episode "Dream On".
The pilot episode was broadcast as a preview of the season on May 19, 2009. The series returned on September 9, 2009, and after three episodes, Fox picked Glee up for a full season on September 21, 2009. The initial run of thirteen episodes aired until December 9, 2009, with the series then taking a mid-season break until April 13, 2010. After airing on Wednesdays at 9 pm (ET), the first season moved to Tuesdays in the same timeslot for the final nine episodes. The commissioning of a second season was announced on January 11, 2010, with the production of a third season announced on May 23, 2010.

The series features numerous musical cover versions performed on-screen by the characters. At the beginning of the season, Murphy intended for the performances to remain reality-based, as opposed to having the characters spontaneously burst into song. As the season progressed, however, Glee began to utilize fantasy sequences, with paraplegic character Artie imagining himself dancing to "The Safety Dance", and six separate characters performing a fantasy version of "Like a Virgin". The first thirteen episodes of the season averaged five songs per episode. For the final nine episodes, the number of performances increased to eight. Murphy believes that many of the songs were "really fun and successful", however the production team intend to return to five songs per episode for Glee second season, in order to return focus to the characters.

When seeking to attain the rights to songs, early in the season Murphy was often requested to send out advanced scripts, but refused, not wanting to set a precedent for record labels having creative involvement in the show. Singer Rihanna offered her single "Take a Bow" for use at a reduced licensing rate. Madonna granted the show rights to her entire catalogue, and the tribute episode "The Power of Madonna" features Madonna performances exclusively.

In total, five soundtracks were released to accompany the first season. Three albums released over the course of the season (Glee: The Music, Volume 1, Glee: The Music, Volume 2, and Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers) compiled various songs throughout the series, while two EPs (Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna and Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals) were released on the same day as the respective episodes aired. Journey to Regionals did not release any official singles, while the remaining four albums were fully released as singles. Following the completion of the season, the Glee cast performed a 13-date concert tour in North America, Glee Live! In Concert! By its conclusion, tickets for all 13 performances had sold out, grossing $5,031,438.

Cast

The season had a cast of twelve actors who received star billing. Matthew Morrison played Will Schuester, director of the McKinley High glee club. Jane Lynch played Sue Sylvester, head coach of the cheerleading squad and the glee club's nemesis. Jayma Mays portrayed Emma Pillsbury, a mysophobic guidance counselor with romantic feelings for Will. Jessalyn Gilsig played Terri Schuester, Will's wife of five years. Lea Michele played Rachel Berry, the star of the glee club. Cory Monteith portrayed Finn Hudson, star quarterback of the school's football team, who is blackmailed into joining the club. Also playing club members were Amber Riley as Mercedes Jones, Chris Colfer as Kurt Hummel, Kevin McHale as Artie Abrams, and Jenna Ushkowitz as Tina Cohen-Chang. Mark Salling played Noah "Puck" Puckerman, a football player and bully who later joined the club, while Dianna Agron portrayed Quinn Fabray, Finn's girlfriend and captain of the cheerleading squad, who became pregnant with Puck's baby.

A number of secondary characters were also portrayed throughout the season, including Patrick Gallagher as Ken Tanaka, coach of the football team, Iqbal Theba as Principal Figgins, and Stephen Tobolowsky as former glee club director Sandy Ryerson. Mike O'Malley appeared as Kurt's father Burt Hummel, and Romy Rosemont played Finn's mother Carole Hudson. Naya Rivera and Heather Morris played Santana Lopez and Brittany Pierce, cheerleaders who joined the glee club with Quinn. Harry Shum, Jr. and Dijon Talton were initially hired for a single episode as football players Mike Chang and Matt Rutherford, but remained on the show as supporting members of the glee club.

Guest stars from musical backgrounds were often featured on the show, including John Lloyd Young as wood shop teacher Henri St. Pierre, and Victor Garber and Debra Monk as Will's parents. Josh Groban appeared playing an "ignorant asshole" version of himself, while Olivia Newton-John portrayed the "dark side" of herself; a "mixture of mean and diva". Kristin Chenoweth played April Rhodes, a former member of the glee club who never finished high school and ended up hitting rock bottom. Jonathan Groff played Jesse St. James, the male lead of rival glee club Vocal Adrenaline, and Idina Menzel appeared as Vocal Adrenaline director Shelby Corcoran, who is revealed in "Dream On" to be Rachel's biological mother. Fans had originally lobbied for Menzel to be cast as Rachel's mother due to the strong physical resemblance between Menzel and Michele. Eve played the Jane Addams Girls Choir director Grace Hitchens, having been cast after Whitney Houston declined to appear. Michael Hitchcock appeared as the Haverbrook School for the Deaf choir director Dalton Rumba.

Sarah Drew played Suzy Pepper, a senior with "an insane, absurd, psychotic crush on Mr. Schuester". Drew described Suzy as "kind of stalkerish and creepy", but ultimately redeemable. Gregg Henry and Charlotte Ross appeared as Quinn's parents, Russell and Judy Fabray, and Molly Shannon played Brenda Castle, an alcoholic astronomy teacher and badminton coach who clashed with Sue. Neil Patrick Harris guest starred as Bryan Ryan, Will's former glee club rival, now a school board member bent on vengeance against the club. Murphy created the role particularly for Harris, who received clearance from CBS to appear on Fox for the episode.

Music

The show's musical performances proved to be a commercial success, with over seven million copies of Glee cast single releases purchased digitally. The cast performance of "Don't Stop Believin' reached number two in the United Kingdom, and number four in the US and Ireland. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on October 13, 2009, achieving over 730,000 digital sales. The cast had their first number one single with a cover of "Gives You Hell" in Ireland. By June 2010, the cast were second behind the Beatles for most chart appearances by a group act in the Billboard Hot 100's 52-year history, and seventh overall among all artists, with 71 appearances. The series' cover versions have also had a positive effect on the original recording artists, such as for Rihanna; sales of "Take a Bow" increased by 189 percent after the song was covered in the Glee episode "Showmance".

The series' debut album, Glee: The Music, Volume 1, reached number one in Ireland and the UK and was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), Canadian Recording Industry Association (CRIA), and British Phonographic Industry (BPI), and gold by the RIAA. In December 2009, the second album, Glee: The Music, Volume 2, topped the charts in New Zealand, Ireland, and Scotland. It has been certified platinum by the ARIA and CRIA, and gold by the BPI and RIAA. In 2010, the next two releases – Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna and Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers – both debuted at the number one position on the American and Canadian album charts. With the releases reaching number one in the US four weeks apart, the Glee cast beat the record previously set by the Beatles in 1966 for shortest span between first weeks at number one. This record was yet again beaten by Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals, when it reached number one in the US three weeks later. Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers also reached number one in Australia, Ireland, and Scotland, acquiring a gold certification by the ARIA. Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals also reached number one in Ireland.

Reception

Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season an 88% with an average rating of 7.94/10, based on 49 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Entertaining, snarky, and full of heart, Glee is an addictive, toe-tapping musical dramedy that hits all the right notes." On Metacritic it received a score of 78 out of 100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Following the season preview in May 2009, Alessandra Stanley for The New York Times called the show "blissfully unoriginal in a witty, imaginative way", finding the characters to be stereotypes but noting "a strong satiric pulse that doesn't diminish the characters' identities or dim the showmanship of a talented cast". The Daily News David Hinckley wrote that the show "isn't close to perfect" but "has likable characters, a good sense of humor and a reasonably deft touch with music." Mary McNamara for the Los Angeles Times found the series to have a wide audience appeal, deeming Glee "the first show in a long time that's just plain full-throttle, no-guilty-pleasure-rationalizations-necessary fun."

James Poniewozik of Time ranked Glee the eighth best television show of 2009 out of ten reviewed, deeming it "transcendent, tear-jerking and thrilling like nothing else on TV". He noted that the series did have faults, but praised its ambition and Lynch's "gaspingly funny" performance as Sue. Entertainment Weekly Ken Tucker ranked the season ninth out of ten, lauding its novelty, while Lisa Respers France of CNN wrote that despite its "recipe for disaster" premise, the show's charm and bravado were enough to engage audiences. Variety Brian Lowry was critical of the season's early episodes, highlighting acting and characterization issues, stating that the show's talent was squandered by its uneven tone and deeming Glee a one-hit-wonder. Following the mid-season finale, Lowry wrote that while the series still had problems, its musical performances and cast were enough to keep him watching, and despite its issues, "TV would be poorer without Glee." John Doyle of The Globe and Mail criticized the season's development, writing that while early episodes had been enjoyable, the show's success drew focus away from its characters and plot onto celebrity guest stars. Jean Bentley of MTV found the season uneven, writing that it began with a promising plot and impressive musical numbers, but became too "cheesy" and excessively sentimental. Raymund Flandez of The Wall Street Journal agreed that the season had definite highs and lows, but called the finale a "warm embrace that – let's face it – you just don't want to let go."

After the episode "Showmance", the Parents Television Council named Glee the "Worst Show of the Week", deeming it inappropriate for teenagers due to its "sexually-charged adult" nature. Nancy Gibbs of Time magazine wrote that she had heard Glee described as "anti-Christian" by a youth minister, but commented that while almost all of the Ten Commandments are violated during the season, she found it insulting to teenagers to suggest that they would attempt to emulate what they saw on-screen. She described Glee as being about "a journey not just to college and career but to identity and conviction, the price of popularity, the compromises we must make between what we want and what we need." The episode "Wheels" attracted criticism from a committee of performers with disabilities, who felt that casting an able-bodied actor to play a student with disabilities was inappropriate. Falchuk responded that while he understood the concern and frustration of disability advocates, McHale had the singing and acting ability, talent and charisma required for the role.

Ratings
The pilot episode of Glee averaged 9.62 million viewers. Re-aired on September 2, 2009, in a director's cut version, it attained 4.2 million viewers. The second episode, "Showmance", premiered on September 9, 2009, averaging 7.50 million viewers and achieving a 3.5/9 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic. However, as Scott Collins for the Los Angeles Times noted, the other major networks besides Fox all opened the evening by airing a speech by President Barack Obama, disrupting regular viewing patterns. Furthermore, the official fall season had yet to begin, placing Glee against weaker competition in the ratings than the remainder of the season would experience. The following eight episodes ranged between 6.63 and 7.65 million viewers, falling to a series low of 6.17 million viewers with "Hairography" on November 25, 2009. The episode aired the night before Thanksgiving, when all the major networks saw decreased ratings. Viewership improved for the final two episodes of the first half of the season, with "Mattress" and "Sectionals" drawing 8.15 and 8.13 million viewers respectively. Glee returned on April 13, 2010, with "Hell-O", which was watched by 13.66 million viewers, the series' season high, up 46 percent on its previous season high with the pilot episode. The following six episodes attained between 11.49 and 12.98 million viewers, falling to 9.02 million for the penultimate episode "Funk". The episode began with a 3.6/10 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, rising to 4.1/11 in the last 30 minutes. It was down 21 percent on the previous episode, but was Glee best 18–49 rating for an episode not following American Idol. The final episode, "Journey to Regionals", was watched by 11.07 million viewers and attained a 4.7 Nielsen rating in the 18–49 demographic, an increase of 18 percent on the previous episode, giving Glee the highest finale rating for a new show in the 2009–2010 television season.

Accolades

During its first season, Glee was nominated for 86 awards, of which 37 were won. Murphy and Barclay were both nominated for the "Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series" award at the 2010 Directors Guild of America Awards for their work on "Pilot" and "Wheels" respectively. The series was nominated for ten Creative Arts Emmy Awards and nine Primetime Emmy Awards. It received eight nominations at the Gay, Lesbian and Bi People's Choice Awards, run by the gay media websites AfterEllen.com and AfterElton.com, of which it won seven. It was also awarded three Dorian Awards by the Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association. Glee received four nominations at the 67th Golden Globe Awards, winning one, and was nominated in six categories at the 2009 Satellite Awards, winning five. Glee received three nominations for the Teen Choice Awards in 2009, and thirteen in 2010. The series received four nominations for the 2010 TCA Awards, winning three, while Brennan, Falchuk and Murphy each received two nominations at the 2010 Writers Guild of America Awards.

The series won "Outstanding TV Program of the Year" at the 2009 AFI Awards, "Favorite New TV Comedy" at the 2010 People's Choice Awards, "Outstanding Comedy Series" at the 21st GLAAD Media Awards, "Future Classic" at the 2010 TV Land Awards, a Peabody Award for excellence, and "Do Something TV Show" at the VH1 Do Something Awards. It was also nominated for the "NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Comedy Series" at the NAACP Image Awards, the "Comedy Series Episode" Prism Awards for "Vitamin D", "Fave International Band" and "Fave TV Show" at the Nickelodeon Australian Kids Choice Awards 2010, and shortlisted for the "YouTube Audience Award" at the BAFTA Awards. The cast won "Favorite New Television Cast Ensemble" at the Diversity Awards, and "Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series" at the 2010 Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2009, the crew won an Artios Award for the casting of "Pilot". They also won "Outstanding Musical Supervision – TV" at the Hollywood Music in Media Awards, and the "Outstanding Contemporary Television Series" award at the CDG Awards, and were nominated for the "Single Camera Television Series" Art Directors Guild Award for "Pilot", and "Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Television Series" at the Cinema Audio Society Awards for "Wheels". In 2010, David Klotz won "Best Sound Editing: Short Form Music in Television" at the Golden Reel Awards for his work on "Pilot", "Wheels" won a "Television With a Conscience" Television Academy Honors award, and Brennan, Falchuk and Murphy jointly won "Comedy Writer of the Year" at the Just for Laughs Awards.

Home video releases
Glee – Pilot Episode: Director's Cut was released on Region 1 DVD in the US on September 1, 2009, exclusively to Wal-Mart. It was released on Region 4 DVD in Australia and New Zealand on November 25, 2009, and on Region 2 DVD in the UK and Ireland on January 25, 2010. The DVD includes a preview of the episode "Showmance", plus a deconstruction of the series by creator Ryan Murphy.

Glee – Season 1, Volume 1: Road to Sectionals contains the first thirteen episodes of the first season. It was released as a four-disc box set on Region 1 DVD in the US and Canada on December 29, 2009. It was released on Region 4 DVD in Australia and New Zealand on March 31, 2010, and on Region 2 DVD in the UK and Ireland on April 19, 2010, and in South Africa on August 14, 2010. Special features include full length audition pieces from the pilot episode by Michele as Rachel and Riley as Mercedes, plus casting and choreography featurettes. Glee – Season 1, Volume 2: Road to Regionals contains the final nine episodes of the first season. It was released on Region 2 DVD in the UK and Ireland on September 13, 2010, Region 1 DVD in the US on September 14, 2010, and on Region 4 DVD in Australia and New Zealand on September 22, 2010.

Glee – The Complete Season 1 was released on Region 2 DVD on September 13, 2010, Region 1 DVD on September 14, 2010, and Region 4 DVD on September 22, 2010. The seven-disc box set contains the full 22 episode first season, including extended episodes, sing-along karaoke, a behind-the-scenes look at "The Power of Madonna" episode, Glee makeovers, never-before-seen 'Sue's Corner' segments and a dance tutorial. It was also released as a four-disc Blu-ray box set.

Notes

References

General

Specific

2009 American television seasons
2010 American television seasons
 1

Glee (season 1)


Sven-Erik Svanberg (7 March 1914 – 16 September 2004) was a Swedish airline chief executive.

Early life
Svanberg was born in Karlstad, Sweden, the son of managing director Bert Svanberg and his wife Linnea (née Östberg). He passed studentexamen in 1932 and graduated with an administrative degree (kansliexamen) in 1934. Svanberg graduated from Stockholm School of Economics in 1936.

Career
He was employed at the National Social Insurance Institution from 1936 to 1941 and was secretary in the Statens besparberedning from 1941 to 1942. Svanberg was an expert in the Military Expedition Services Committee (Militära expeditionstjänstkommittén) from 1942 to 1943. Svanberg was first administrative officer at the Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration in 1943 and human resources manager at Scandinavian Airlines from 1946 to 1951. He was managing director of the Retail Employers' Organization (Handelns arbetsgivarorganisation) from 1951 to 1956 and member of its national board from 1956. Svanberg was human resources director at Scandinavian Airlines from 1956 to 1962 and member of the Märsta Delegation from 1958.

Svanberg was also a board member of the Retail Employers' Organization, Linjeflyg, Swedish Tourist Traffic Association (Svenska turisttrafikförbundet) and the Stockholm Tourist Traffic Association (Stockholms turisttrafikförbund). Svanberg was managing director of Region Sweden at Scandinavian Airlines from 1962 to 1972 and CEO of British West Indies Airways from 1973 to 1975. Svanberg became CEO of Nyman & Schultz/Nordisk resebureau AB in 1976 and was managing director of Scandinavian Airlines from 1977 to 1979. From 1981 he was a senior partner of Scandinavian Aviation Consultants Scanavia.

Personal life
In 1938 he married Marianne Fick (1916–2005), the daughter of captain Henrik Fick and Sigrid (née Frenckell). He was the father of Ulla (born 1939), Annika (born 1944) and Gunilla (born 1947). Svanberg died in 2004 in Stockholm and is buried at Lidingö Cemetery.

References

1914 births
2004 deaths
Swedish airline chief executives
Stockholm School of Economics alumni
SAS Group people
People from Karlstad
Swedish Air Force personnel

Sven-Erik Svanberg


Twelveheads Press  is an independent publishing company based in Chacewater near Truro, Cornwall, UK. Best known for their Cornish Heritage series but also well known by scholars and enthusiasts for their transport and mining books: the firm takes its name from the hamlet of Twelveheads.

History and philosophy
Founded by Michael Messenger and John Stengelhofen, Twelveheads have been producing high quality books for over 25 years. Their specialist books include topics such as maritime, mining and railway history, and mostly cover the areas of Cornwall and Southwest Britain. In 1988 Messenger and Stengelhofen were joined by Alan Kittridge and all three have contributed significantly to their titles

Michael Messenger states:
"Twelveheads Press is not a conventional publishing house in the usual sense, but three friends who publish subjects that interest us. Our knowledge ensures that the books are authentic and accurate. Whilst we try not to lose money on books because we do not rely on Twelveheads Press for our living we can afford to reject manuscripts that are not to the standards we want and expect. It is only the support of the reading public that has kept us in business for over 30 years."

Titles for Cornwall County Council
The following titles were produced by Historic Environment Service (formerly Cornwall Archaeological Unit) for Cornwall County Council
Scilly's Archaeological Heritage
Cornwall's Archaeological Heritage
Cornwall's China Clay

Railway titles
Twelveheads titles focus on studies of railways in Cornwall, Devon and Wales

 Slate Quarry Railways of Gwynedd
 North Devon Clay
 Industrial Railways of the South West
 The Redlake Tramway & China Clay Works E. A. Wade
 Caradon & Looe : The Canal, Railways and Mines
 Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge
 The Lee Moor Tramway
 The Plynlimon and Hafan Tramway E. A. Wade
 Devonport Dockyard Railway
 The Culm Valley Light Railway
 Cornwall's Railway Heritage
 The Mont Cenis Fell Railway

Maritime titles
 Railway Ships & Packet Ports
 T. R. Brown of Bristol
 Cosens of Weymouth; 1918 to 1996
 White Funnel Magic
 Lundy Packets
 Steamers & Ferries of the River Tamar & Three Towns District
 Passenger Steamers of the River Fal
 Douglas Head Ferry & the Port Soderick Boats
 Plymouth; Ocean Liner Port of Call
 Tacky's Tug
 Rendel's Floating Bridges
 Bishop Rock Lighthouse

Mining titles
 Mines of Cornwall & Devon
 Tin Streams of Wendron
 The Kalmeter Journal Henric Kalmeter (1693-1750) made this journal on a visit to Cornwall, Devon and Somerset in 1724-25. It was translated from the Swedish by Justin Brooke.

Cornwall's Heritage
 Cornwall's Archaeological Heritage
 Cornwall's Bridge & Viaduct Heritage
 Cornwall's Churchyard Heritage
 Cornwall's Geological Heritage
 Cornwall's Industrial Heritage
 Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage
 Cornwall's Lighthouse Heritage
 Cornwall's Literary Heritage
 Cornwall's Maritime Heritage
 Cornwall's Mining Heritage
 Cornwall's Railway Heritage

Standard Book Number
The Twelveheads Press has the following 13-digit ISBN code: 978 0 906294 (followed by xxx y)

References

External links

 Company website

Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Publishing companies established in 1977
Small press publishing companies
Companies based in Cornwall
Cornish literature
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom

Twelveheads Press


The Parliament of Ivory Coast is the legislature of Ivory Coast. From 1960 to 2016, it was a unicameral body. It became a bicameral body after a new constitution was approved by referendum on October 30, 2016. The new parliament is made up of two chambers:

The Senate (Upper Chamber)
The National Assembly (Lower Chamber)

References

Government of Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast
Ivory Coast

Parliament of Ivory Coast


Rain tree, also known as samanea saman, is a tree commonly found in Central America. It is mainly cultivated for its pods, also known as monkey pods. It is a tree with a height of 15 - 25m, (49-82 feet), and a diameter of 30m (98 feet).

It is called "Rain Tree" because of the fact that its leaves fold in rainy weather, or sometimes in evenings.

Products
The rain tree is used for many products, including its wood, false powder puff flower, and monkey pods.
Mimosoideae
Trees

Samanea saman


Andreas Voutsinas (; 22 August 1930 – 8 June 2010) was a Sudanese-Greek actor and theater director. In the English-speaking world, he was best known for his roles in three Mel Brooks films, The Producers (1967), The Twelve Chairs (1970) and History of the World, Part I (1981).

Life and career
Voutsinas was born on 22 August 1932 in Khartoum, since there was a sizeable community of Greek settlers in Sudan at the time. His parents hailed from the Ionian Island of Kefalonia. They set up a pasta factory in the Anglo-Egyptian colony, "reputedly supplying spaghetti to Italian forces" during the Fascist invasion of Abyssinia. After the collapse of the business during WWII, Voutsinas moved with his mother to Athens.

Voutsinas studied acting and costume design at the Old Vic School and drama and song at the Webber Douglas Academy in London, and, in 1957, joined the Actors Studio.

Voutsinas directed more than 130 performances of classical and contemporary repertoire in London, Paris, New York, Canada and Greece. He worked as an actor and director on Broadway and acted in films by Jules Dassin and Luc Besson.

Voutsinas, a life member of The Actors Studio since 1957, spent many years working in summer stock theater and as an assistant to Studio co-founder Elia Kazan, before he met Jane Fonda, with whom he got involved and whom he cast in the leading part in The Fun Couple, his Broadway directorial debut in 1963.

Voutsinas later followed Fonda to Hollywood where he coached her in a number of movies. He then started working as a coach for many others, including Faye Dunaway and Warren Beatty. Following Fonda to Paris to coach her in Roger Vadim's Barbarella, he decided to found Le Theatre Des Cinquante, an acting workshop based on the principles of Lee Strasberg. Many famous French actors and actresses started attending his classes, and at the same time he successfully began directing plays for the French theater.

In 1968, Voutsinas became the original Carmen Ghia after befriending Mel Brooks's wife, Anne Bancroft. She recommended him to Brooks and said Voutsinas would be perfect for the part. Voutsinas had a role in another Brooks feature, History of the World, Part I, playing the role of "Bernaise" in the French Revolution scenes.

It was not until the early 1980s that he eventually moved to his ancestral Greece, where he continued his career directing a wide range of repertoire from Tennessee Williams to Euripides, mainly for the State Theater of Northern Greece in Thessaloniki. His productions were also staged during summer in the Athens Festival in Herodion, as well as in the Epidaurus Festival. He continued working between the two countries while he appeared in many French and Greek films, including Le Grand Bleu (1988) and Safe Sex (1999).

Andreas Voutsinas taught acting at the State Theatre of Northern Greece from 2002 to 2009.

After a stroke he founded his own drama school in Thessaloniki, Superior Drama School Andreas Voutsinas.

Death
Voutsinas died of a respiratory tract infection on 8 June 2010 at age 79, after several days of hospitalization in Henry Dunant Hospital in Athens.

Filmography

Movies
The Producers (1967) - Carmen Ghia
Histoires extraordinaires (1968) - A Courtier (segment "Metzengerstein") (uncredited)
Fräulein Doktor (1969)
The Twelve Chairs (1970) - Nikolai Sestrin
Un peu, beaucoup, passionnément... (1971) - M. Keller
Boulevard du Rhum (1971) - Alvarez
Bel ordure (1973) - Poussin, le pianiste
Lily, aime-moi (1975) - Le barbu de chez Flo / Bearded man at Flo's
Monsieur Balboss (1975) - Le diplomate
A Dream of Passion (1978) - Kostas
Les Charlots contre Dracula (1980) - Le comte Dracula
History of the World, Part I (1981) - Bearnaise (The French Revolution)
Les Voleurs de la nuit (1984) - Jose
Les Nouveaux tricheurs (1987) - Romanoff
Le Grand bleu (1988) - Priest
La Petite apocalypse (1993) - Realisateur americain
Gynaikes dilitirio (1993) - Andreas
Safe Sex (1999) - Casting Director
Parta ola (2003)
Mi fevgeis... (2004) - Voutsinas (final film role)

TV
The Defenders (1963) - Raul Martinez
Le Pain noir (1974) - Le colporteur
Solitudes (1977) - Casimir
Sam et Sally (1978) - Le présentateur
Madame Sourdis (1979, TV Movie) - Vladimir
Prova nifikou (1995, TV Series) - Orestis Yalinis

Stage director
Le Bonheur à Romorantin (1984 TV show)
Don Juan (1978 TV show)

Art director
Mademoiselle Julie (1984 TV show)

References

External links
Superior Drama School of Andreas Voutsinas

Andreas Voutsinas at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

1930 births
2010 deaths
20th-century Greek male actors
People from Khartoum
Greek male film actors
Greek male television actors
Greek theatre directors
Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School
Greek acting coaches
Respiratory disease deaths in Greece
Infectious disease deaths in Greece
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Male actors from Athens

Andreas Voutsinas


Josep Maria Sert i Badia (; Barcelona, 21 December 1874 – 27 November 1945, buried in the Vic Cathedral) was a Spanish muralist, the son of an affluent textile industry family, and friend of Salvador Dalí. He was particularly known for his grisaille style, often in gold and black.

Career
Sert initially studied art in Rome before moving to Paris in 1899. There, he became involved with a group of decorative artists known as Les Nabis, gravitating around Paul Ranson, who had studied at the private Académie Julian, founded in 1868 by painter Rodolphe Julian.

Sert was commissioned in 1900 to paint the interior of the Vic Cathedral in the Province of Barcelona, Catalonia in murals, which took him more than 30 years to complete.

By 1910, Sert had begun fully focusing on murals and other large-scale work. He collaborated with Russian Sergei Diaghilev to create sets for his Ballets Russes. In 1929 he was commissioned with the elaboration of a series of large forma canvases painted in his signature grisaille style intending to cover the walls of the reconverted San Telmo church in Donostia-San Sebastián; they portray different historic chapters of the Basques in an epic manner.

In the United States, Sert painted a mural at the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City, as well as   a 1937 mural entitled American Progress at 30 Rockefeller Center. American Progress was commissioned by the Rockefellers to replace Diego Rivera's mural Man at the Crossroads, which Nelson Rockefeller destroyed because it included an image of Lenin. He later painted the walls and ceilings of the Council Chambers at the League of Nations in Geneva.

Personal life
Sert began an affair with the well-known pianist and patron of the arts Misia Godebska in 1908. They married on 2 September 1920. In 1925, Sert met Georgian-Russian sculptor Isabelle Roussadana Mdivani, known as Roussy, who subsequently moved in with him and Misia. Sert began an affair with Roussy and later divorced Misia on 28 December 1927 to marry Mdivani.

Roussy and Sert were married in 1928 in a civil ceremony at the consulate in The Hague. In 1930, they were married in a religious ceremony at the Spanish church in Paris.

After Roussy died in 1938, Sert reconciled with Misia and returned to life with her, though they kept separate apartments.

Sert died on 27 November 1945 in Barcelona, and left his apartment and furnishings to Misia.

Gallery

References

External links
 See the murals at the Rockefeller Center in New York City.

1874 births
1945 deaths
20th-century Spanish painters
20th-century Spanish male artists
Spanish male painters
Académie Julian alumni
Spanish muralists
Painters from Barcelona
Spanish artists

Josep Maria Sert


Pierrette et Jacquot is a one-act opérette of 1876 by Jacques Offenbach with a French libretto by Jules Noriac and Philippe Gille.

Performance history
The première of Pierrette et Jacquot was on 13 October 1876 at the Bouffes-Parisiens, Salle Choiseul, Paris, on the same bill as a revival of Duprato's M'sieu Landry. It was intended originally as a vehicle for the Grégoire sisters, whom Offenbach had discovered in Vienna. Although it was given 53 times that season, it was not considered a major work of the composer and did not enter the repertoire. However, the letter song and the Ronde savoyarde became popular.

Roles

Synopsis

The house of Cyrille Durand

Durand, a rich bachelor and button merchant, dreams of being a hero, and saving someone's life. He has moved near the river and even hangs around the most dangerous road junctions for a chance.

While awaiting an opportunity for such a feat, five years before he had taken in an abandoned Savoyard boy, Jacquot. Then two years ago at the Gare de Lyon Durand found a girl in rags, Pierrette, whom he has helped and found a job. She comes to his house every Sunday.
In fact this was no hazard, Jacquot had written to his sweetheart Pierrette to tell her to come to Paris and be found by Durand. Jacquot wants now to confess to Durand and gain consent for them to wed.

It is the day of Saint Cyrille and as a surprise the two young people dress up as natives of Savoy (where Durand comes from) to dance and play the vielle.
They hope by this to get Durand's consent for them to marry, but he himself has designs on Pierrette.
Durand confides in Madame Patacha that indeed he is thinking of marrying; she thinks he means her.
Just as Durand announces his intentions and the others react with surprise and horror, news comes of someone drowning in the Seine; the solid bourgeois dashes out.
When Durand is gone Pierrette and Jacquot decide instead to leave him a letter to reveal all.
Then Madame Patacha helps Durand back, soaking wet – it was only a dog in the river which ended by saving Durand. On the way back Madame Patacha has talked things over. So Durand relents and allows the two sweet hearts to marry, being content to tie the knot with his neighbour Madame Patacha, and the curtain falls with a reprise of the Ronde savoyard.

Musical numbers
Introduction
Couplets « Nous avons la femme à vingt ans » (Patacha, Durand)
Couplets et duo « Peux-tu parler d'attendre » (Jacquot, Pierrette)
Mélodrame
Quatuor et Ronde savoyarde « Allons les gars et les filles » (Pierrette, Jacquot, Patacha, Durand)
Mélodrame
Duetto de la Lettre « Mon cher parrain notr'bienfaiteur » (Pierrette, Jacquot)
Final « Nous venons monsieur et madame »

References

Operas by Jacques Offenbach
French-language operas
Operas
One-act operas
1876 operas
Opérettes

Pierrette et Jacquot


is a Japanese RC model company best known for their line of high-quality radio controlled helicopter models, both glow fuel powered (also referred to as nitro powered) and more recently, electric powered. Its parent company is Hirobo Limited.

The company was founded October, 1949 as textile machine manufacturer Hiroshima Spinner, Limited. In 1957, the company partnered with Nichibo Company to form Hiroshima Synthetic Fiber Spinners Limited, today known as Unitika Limited.  The name change to Hirobo Limited came about in 1970; the electronics division was established in April, 1973.  Production of radio controlled models began in July that same year.  By October, 1977, the company had completely withdrawn from the textile market.

In 1983, Hirobo attempted to put their expertise in helicopters to use in the production of 1/10-scale, four-wheel-drive offroad buggies. Beginning with their innovative 44b off-road car, which was the first to feature a four wheel drive system.
The results were the technologically advanced Alien Mid4, Jealousy and Invader, and not forgetting the Ashura, the only belt-drive 4wd 1/12 circuit car ever produced.  All featured a 4x4 system operated via a Gilmer belt, an innovation nearly unheard of at the time; most 4x4 cars of the period used a noisy, power-robbing metal chain to transfer power to the front wheels. Despite their advances, Hirobo cars were very expensive and therefore limited their exposure to racers. They were also often plagued with poor build qualities and the use of cheap materials, the other factor of their failing are, distribution in the important North American market was weak as well, all that leading to Hirobo's withdrawal from the RC car market.

Hirobo continues to be a leader in helicopters of all price ranges, including coaxial-bladed indoor Sky Robo helicopters in both radio controlled and tethered configurations.

References

External links
  Official site
  English part of official site
  Non official timeline over Hirobo cars

Companies based in Hiroshima Prefecture
Radio-controlled aircraft
Radio-controlled car manufacturers
Japanese brands
Model manufacturers of Japan

Hirobo


Mahyar Monshipour (; born 21 March 1975 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian-born French boxer who was the World Boxing Association's super bantamweight champion for nearly three years between 2003 and 2006.  He lost his belt to Thai Somsak Sithchatchawal on 18 May 2006, in a match that won The Ring Fight of the Year and the Boxing Writers Association of America's "Fight of the Year" known as the Harry Markson Award.

Early career
At age 11, due to the start of the Iran–Iraq War, his father sent him to Poitiers, France with his aunt Mahnaz. After his minor amateur career, Mayhar Monshipour turned professional on October 26, 1996 by knocking out Karim Azagzaoui during the 6th round in a rather rough fight. He then went on to win 5 consecutive matches, all ending in knockouts. At the time, his style was already that of a slugger, but he started boxing on his opponents without protecting himself and his only technique was to "jump headlong". In December 1997, he fought the Congolese Euloge Makiza Sita (8 wins and 2 losses). Monshipour showed to be stronger but made the mistake of not protecting himself. Being the more powerful fighter, he sent Sita to the mat twice causing Sita to lose points.

Mayhar Monshipour found victory once again by beating Medhi Path in seconds. This victory was a new personal record for Mayhar because it was the only time he got a KO in the first round. After another victory, he goes on to fight the Hungarian Sandor hope Koczak (7 fights, 7 wins). From the 1st round Monshipour is dominant and sends him to the mat. But in the second round, Koczak elbows Monshipour in the eye. Not only was Koczak not sanctioned, but Monshipour stopped the fight in the third round for the broad caused injury.

His Ascension

From that defeat, Monshipour will later experience an unbeaten 8 years. He obtained 8 wins (5 KO).

His style later changed: Mahyar would still advance on his opponents but became a more technical slugger. He would dodge blows while also dealing out attacks to the body never yielding an inch to his opponents. The first to confront this is the British, Michael Adlis who exhausted by the roller abandoned the fight in the fourth round. On January 18, 2002, he won the title Champion of France super bantamweight by knocking out Salem Bouaita in the 9th round. He defended his title once again against Frederick Bonifai (this will be his last win on points). On September 13, 2002 he acquired the European title against the Franco- Turkish Tuncay Kaya in just 6 rounds. He retains this title two times against Mustapha Hame (KO in the 6th round) and Germán Guartos (KO in the 3rd round).

World championships
On July 4, 2003, Mahyar Monshipour applied for a first world title match. He faces a friend, the world champion super bantamweight WBA Salim Medjkoune at Futuroscope in Poitiers. True to his promise, Monshipour put up a fight from the very beginning, The fight was transforming rapidly into a real war, between two men going blow for blow. In the last round, the challenger  Mahyar Monshipour (leading Salim Medjkoune to two of the three judges, 107-102 and 106-104 to 104-104) continues the pace. With a right hook to the chin that abruptly ended the fight after 1 minute and 27 seconds, Medjkoune heavily collapses to the ground and remained there for several minutes before getting up to the cheers of 4,300 spectators that were relieved for his well being. Monshipour became the new world champion WBA.

Soon after his story inspired television and he becomes one of the few French boxers to be invited to boxing debates. He created in 2003 the association France-Bam to help the Iranians to Bam.

On December 16, 2003, he defended his title for the first time against Jairo Tagliaferro, a hard to fight Venezuelan, Monshipour forced him down in the 8th recovery.

He later faces Medjkoune for a second time. After a good start to the fight, Salim Medjkoune was gradually worn down by the wide hooks of the titleholder. Having proved himself once in the 5th round, he resumed the 7th round exhausted. But the end was coming as a right hook to the body sends down Salim Medjkoune in the 8th round. After an eight count by the referee, Medjkoune continues the battle to later return to the ground and his corner threw in the towel.

Monshipour still defends his title two more times before facing Shigeru Nakazato, a boxer who had unsuccessfully tried twice to take a world title. From the initial sound of the bell, Nakazato suddenly advanced on the defending champion. Both boxers had similar attributes but the power, vitality and precision of the French boxer will give him the advantage. With a right hook in the third round, will eventually prove be too much for the Japanese, bringing him down shortly. During the sixth round, a right from Monshipour shakes Nakazato. Moments later, another right sends him to the mat, this time for the count.

In 2005 (during his last victory), he confronts a former champion: Julio Zárate . Mahyar went into a  fight against an opponent who truly came to win. Against all odds, the lanky Mexican chooses to attack from the start, and surprised the defending champion several times, especially with very good uppercuts to the body and face. In the 4th round, after a chain of left and right hooks Monshipour gets hit in the chin and collapses to the mat. He continues the battle and manages to reach the end of the round. Mid fight, the situation gets difficult for the Poitevin who is three points behind. But due to counting his physical and fabulous will Monshipour makes a comeback. From the seventh round, the juggernaut starts suffocating Zárate who uses other resources including his head to try to slow the advance of Monshipour. Zárate will receive two warnings (7th and 8th rounds) before giving up the appeal in the 9th round.

Fight Of The Year
On March 18, 2006, in Levallois-Perret, Monshipour defended his belt for the sixth time, this time against the Thai Somsak Sithchatchawal. True to his simple tactic of demolishing opponents, the Poitevin seeks victory. Exhausted, and gasping for air, he was defeated by a boxer who proved ultimately more lucid. Knocked down early on, Monshipour was nevertheless able to make up ground. But he never managed to bend his opponent. A terrible counter in the 6th recovery had seriously shaken the Frenchman. In the 9th and 10th round, Somsak Sithchatchawal threw a barrage of shots that prompted the referee to end the fight.

Monshipour decided to end his career after this fight.

This fight of a rare intensity, is crowned fight of the year 2006, even though defeated he still receives this distinction, This is the third time a Frenchman, after Georges Carpentier in 1924 and in 1950 Laurent Dauthuille has won this honour.

The Return of Monshipour
On October 8, 2008, Monshipour announced his comeback two and a half years after his last fight. On December 1, 2008, he beat Emiliano Salvini by disqualification during the 6th round and defeated Sean Hughes by referee stoppage in the 8th round on January 24, 2009 and defeated Felix Machado March 13, 2009 by abandoning the call of the 5th round. On July 4, 2009, he faces world title WBA of bantamweight reigning champion Anselmo Moreno but lost points in Poitiers.

Honours
37 fights, 31 wins (21 by KO)
Winner of the professional cutting France 2001
Champion of France 2002
European Champion in 2002
WBA world super bantamweight Champion (2003-2006):
Winner against the title holder Salim Medjkoune on 4 July 2003 at the Futuroscope.
Retains Title December 16, 2003 against Tagliaferro (Levallois-Perret), 27 May 2004 against S. Medjkoune  (Clermont-Ferrand), November 8, 2004 against    Sithyodthong (Paris-Bercy), April 29, 2005 against Nakazato (to Marseille) and 25 June 2005 against Mexican Julio Zarate (Futuroscope).
He is also decorated with the National Order of Merit , awarded both his sporting and social success.

Miscellaneous
He is deputy director of the sports department of the [General Council of Vienna] (June 2006 - 2011)
He is national adviser of the Ministry of Health, Youth and Sports (1 May 2011)

References
La rage d'être Français, Grasset, 2007 ()

External links

Mahyar Monshipour's official website
  Site officiel

Iranian emigrants to France
French male boxers
Sportspeople from Tehran
1975 births
Living people
Iranian male boxers
World super-bantamweight boxing champions
World Boxing Association champions

Mahyar Monshipour


Ersha Island, formerly Napier Island in English, is an island in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. It houses the American International School of Guangzhou elementary school campus, several apartment complexes, a badminton stadium, and a government sports training facility. Ersha Island is also home to the Guangdong Museum of Art and the Xinghai Concert Hall. It also contains several small parks: Chuanqi, Hong Cheng, Ershadao Sports Park, and Guangzhou Fazhan Park.

History
Known to the English as Napier Island, it divides the Pearl River into two branches. On the eastern end was Napier's Fort, named after the British trade envoy to China, Lord Napier. It was a semi-circular fort of stone masonry mounting 35 guns and designed to command the passage on both sides. During the First Opium War (1839–42), British forces took possession of the fort before capturing Canton (Guangzhou) in March 1841. Before the end of the war, the Chinese rebuilt the fort, plus three extra stone forts nearby, mounting nearly 200 guns in total.  During the Expedition to Canton in April 1847, the British captured 49 guns on Napier's Fort. It later became one of four forts known as the Barrier Forts, which guarded a narrow opening in the river towards Guangzhou. At the start of the Second Opium War (1856–60), the British captured these strategic locations with only slight opposition in the Battle of Canton on 23 October 1856. American forces recaptured these sites in the Battle of the Barrier Forts in November 1856.

Education

Guangzhou Yuexiu Yucai Experimental School is located on the island.

American International School of Guangzhou's elementary school campus is on the island.

Previously the École Française Internationale de Canton, the French international school of Guangzhou, was located at the GoldArch Riverdale development on Ersha Island.

Transport
Ersha Island station on Line 12 of Guangzhou Metro is planned to open in 2024.

See also

 Shamian Island

Notes

References

Islands of Guangzhou
Islands of the Pearl River (China)
Yuexiu District

Ersha Island


Paul Emmanuel Auguste Poulet-Malassis (16 March 1825 – 11 February 1878) was a French printer and publisher who lived and worked in Paris. He was a longstanding friend and the printer-publisher of Charles Baudelaire.

Biography
In his short six years of printing and publishing, Poulet-Malassis released very few books, and with little gain financially. He seemed to have been more concerned with their aesthetics and their appeal to his close friends than, much to the despair of his partner and brother-in-law , the profits and financial state of his business. The books were always beautifully bound and printed on fine paper with illustrations.

Poulet-Malassis famously printed and published the works of Baudelaire, but also printed works that would have been safer, by more acclaimed novelists, poets and critics. These included Théodore Faullain de Banville, Théophile Gautier, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve and Champfleury.

It sometimes seems as if he had printed his friends' works - through acts of kindheartedness or even sympathy - when they had nowhere else to turn. This may have been the case with Baudelaire, who struggled to make a living almost all of his adult life.

He and Baudelaire worked themselves further and further into debt until Poulet-Malassis was imprisoned for unpaid debts in November 1862. This debt would have been less of a problem, if it were not for the scarcity of sales, probably due to little or no advertising. It could not have helped being involved with the scandal and outrage which Les Fleurs du mal generated.

In 1868, he was sentenced to one year in jail in absentia, alongside a fine of 500 francs, after Baudelaire's Les Epaves was banned, which he published in the same year. This occurred only a year after his initial publications of Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal and Le Spleen de Paris.

External links

 Auguste Poulet-Malassis on data.bnf.fr

1825 births
1878 deaths
19th-century French businesspeople
École Nationale des Chartes alumni
French bibliographers
French book publishers (people)
French printers
People from Alençon

Auguste Poulet-Malassis


Acromyrmex echinatior is a species of New World ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae of the genus Acromyrmex.  It is found in the wild naturally from Mexico to Panama.

In Costa Rica this species prefers open dry habitats such as urban areas around San Jose and seasonally dry habitats of Guanacaste Province. There is evidence to suggest that this species nests may occasionally be arboreal.

Queens multiply mate, and colonies are facultatively polygynous.  Nonreproductive workers of the colony 'police', that is, selectively destroy worker-laid eggs, but do not attack reproductive workers. Relatedness incentives are the most likely ultimate cause of the evolutionary maintenance of worker–egg policing in A. echinatior.

See also
List of leafcutter ants

References

echinatior
Insects described in 1899
Insects of Mexico
Insects of Central America

Acromyrmex echinatior


Luke Tan (born 1977), alias Michael Luchtan, is a country singer and songwriter. His songs are generally on the topics of life and death, the sadness of separation, and the despair of misfits. He criticizes society for hypocrisy and materialism. One of his songs was selected by Neil Young for a compilation of anti-war songs.  In 2007 he released a serialized multi-media project over the internet in association with the street newspaper Street Roots called "Ghosts In The Flophouse".  He is currently the director for the Asheville Tango Orchestra.

Biography

Michael Luchtan was born in 1977 in Arkansas and grew up in Georgia. He studied computer science at the University of Georgia, in Athens. While there, he began playing with local and visiting artists such as Sacred Geometry. During his PhD studies, Luchtan moved to Lexington, Georgia. His first performance was for the local American Legion post, where he sang old country songs. He then began performing under the name Racecar  at local venues. Some works have also been released under the name of My Alien Ways.

In the Summer of 2004, he left his job as a Programming Specialist in Bioinformatics for the Kissinger Research Group at the University of Georgia to dedicate his life to his music and ideals.

In 2006, he sold the farm in Lexington, Georgia and released a series of original content podcasts called "Stubbornly Curious" as he traveled across the United States in an RV.

His song "Revolution or Suicide", was made part of Neil Young's compilation "Living With War Today", a selection of war protest songs.

He created a weekly podcast in conjunction with the Portland Radio Authority called Altered Sound, which takes found sounds, alters, and arranges them in an experimental manner.  It ran for eight episodes.

He has translated and interpreted the works of Mexican singer songwriter José Alfredo Jiménez

In 2010, he founded the Asheville Tango Orchestra.

Discography
 10 Sad Songs, 2004 (released under the Racecar moniker)
 Country Gold, 2004 (released under the Racecar moniker)
 Life is But a Wheel, 2005
 The Suicide King, 2005
 Untitled, 2005
 Forgotten Transmissions No. 1, 2006 Podcast release
 Return Of The Wandering Jew, 2006 Podcast release
 Stubbornly Curious no. 3, 2006 Podcast release
 Revolution Or Suicide, 2006 Podcast release
 Ghosts In The Flophouse, 2007 Podcast release
 Here Come The Floods, 2008
 Songs For A Mayday Picnic, 2009
 El Musico: Songs of José Alfredo Jiménez, 2010

References
 Official Luke tan website
 Flagpole magazine review
 Neil Young's website
 '"Bold Life" magazine review

1977 births
Living people
University of Georgia alumni
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
21st-century American singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
21st-century American male singers
Singer-songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)

Luke Tan


Ulana Nadia Suprun (Ukrainian: Уляна Надія Супрун, romanized: Ulyana Nadiya Suprun; née Jurkiw (Юрків, Yurkiv); born 30 January 1963) is a Ukrainian-American physician, activist, and philanthropist. She has served as the acting Minister of Healthcare from 2016 to 2019.

Biography
Ulyana Suprun was born in 1963 into a Ukrainian family in Detroit, USA. Her father's name is George and her mother's is Zenovia Yurkiv.

Education
Bachelor of Science in biology at Wayne University, USA (1981-1985)

Doctor of Medicine at the University of Michigan, College of Human Medicine, USA (1985-1989)

Postgraduate Studies in Mammography and Tomographic Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, USA (1994-1995)

Profesional activity
From 1995 to 1999, she worked in diagnostic radiology for women's health in New York, and later became acting director of diagnostic radiology for breast cancer at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit.

Since 2000, Ulyana Suprun has been working as Deputy Chief Radiologist in Diagnostic Radiology of Women's Health (Medical Imaging of Manhattan)

Ministry of Health of Ukraine
On July 12, 2016, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko supported the proposal of Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman to appoint Ulyana Suprun as Deputy Minister of Health of Ukraine.

On November 30, 2016, the Government adopted 10 resolutions that lay the foundations for reforming the health care system in Ukraine and address operational issues of health care management.

On April 1, 2017, the Government together with the Ministry of Health of Ukraine launched the "Affordable Medicines" program, allocating UAH 500 million for it.

As a minister in 2019, she conducted an active campaign to legalize the use of marijuana for medical and scientific purposes.

References

1963 births
American physicians
Living people
Ukrainian politicians

Ulana Suprun


The Song Remains the Same is the live soundtrack album of the concert film of the same name by the English rock band Led Zeppelin. The soundtrack was recorded 27–29 July 1973 and released on 22 October 1976 on Swan Song Records.

Overview
The recording of the album and the film took place during three nights of concerts at New York's Madison Square Garden, during the band's 1973 North American tour. All songs were recorded by Eddie Kramer using the Wally Heider Mobile Studio truck, and later mixed at Electric Lady Studios in New York and Trident Studios in London.

The sleeve design depicts a dilapidated movie house on Old Street film studios in London, where the group rehearsed for their 1973 tour.

Until the album and the film were remastered and re-released in 2007, they featured slightly different track lists:

The soundtrack album included "Celebration Day", which did not appear in the film. The album did not include several songs featured in the film, including "Black Dog", "Since I've Been Loving You", "Heartbreaker", the instrumental "Bron-Yr-Aur" (which appeared on Physical Graffiti), and a hurdy-gurdy piece called "Autumn Lake".

In addition, some of the recordings featured on the album were of different performances from those in the film.

Some tracks recorded at Madison Square Garden were omitted from both the film and the soundtrack album: "Over the Hills and Far Away", "Misty Mountain Hop", "The Ocean",  and "Thank You".

2007 reissue
The surviving band members oversaw the remixing and remastering of the original release, and The Song Remains the Same soundtrack album was reissued on CD on 20 November 2007. This coincided with the re-issue of the film, released on HD-DVD, Blu-ray and DVD. The new version of the soundtrack included six songs that were not on the original album release: "Black Dog", "Over the Hills and Far Away", "Misty Mountain Hop", "Since I've Been Loving You", "The Ocean" and "Heartbreaker", plus new liner notes by Cameron Crowe.

With the 2007 re-release of both the album and film, the songs were synchronised so that the full set-list from the concerts was available on both, with each song mixed the same way. Kevin Shirley, who worked on How The West Was Won, was involved in the mixing.

Due to legal complications, the band decided not to change the video portion of the original movie for the re-release. Instead, Shirley created an entirely new mix of the three 1973 Madison Square Garden concerts so that the audio portion of the film would better match the on-screen visuals. The audio on the new CD release was nearly identical to the soundtrack of the new DVD release. One difference was that the songs included on the CDs that were not featured in the original movie were included as bonus tracks on the DVD.

The audio mixes also differed from those found on the 2003 Led Zeppelin DVD. The most obvious example is that "Black Dog" was two minutes longer on the 2003 DVD than on the 2007 releases,  two of the four verses being cut from the song.

On 29 July 2008, a four-LP edition of the 2007 re-issue, on 180 gram audiophile vinyl, was released. It was presented in a deluxe archival two-piece box with foil-stamping. It includes a 12-page oversized full-color booklet with dozens of previously unpublished stills from the film, as well as four individual jackets with new and unique artwork. A special white vinyl edition was also printed in very limited numbers. Just 200 were produced, with only 100 being made available to the public from Led Zeppelin's official website.

2018 reissue
On 7 September 2018, a newly remastered edition of The Song Remains the Same was issued in multiple formats, including a multi-disc, super deluxe boxed set, Blu-ray audio with a hi-resolution stereo and new 5.1 surround mix, 180-gram vinyl, CD, streaming and downloads, including 24-bit/96k hi-res audio files for the first time. This is based on the 2007 version of the soundtrack album and concludes the campaign of reissues of their live albums and deluxe editions of their studio albums that started in 2014.

Critical reception

Upon its initial release in 1976, the album received some mixed reviews, with a number of critics considering it to be over-produced and lumbering. Indeed, the band's members themselves have since expressed a lack of fondness for the recording. Page has admitted that the end product was not the best representation of Led Zeppelin as a live band.

In contrast, the 2007 reissued version received generally much more positive reviews. In a review published in Mojo magazine in December 2007 James McNair gave the album four out of five stars, as did David Cavanagh in Uncut magazine, who wrote:

Track listing

Original release

2007 reissue

Track 3 features "Bring It On Home" intro

Notes
 (*) Not on original soundtrack release
 (#) Shorter than the original soundtrack release
 (+) Longer than the original soundtrack release

Personnel
Led Zeppelin

Robert Plant – vocals
Jimmy Page – guitars,  Theremin
John Paul Jones – bass guitar, Fender Rhodes, Mellotron
John Bonham – drums, percussion, backing vocals

Production

Barry Diament – mastering (original Compact Disc release)
Peter Grant – executive producer
Eddie Kramer – engineering, mixing
Bob Ludwig – remastering (2007 edition)
Jimmy Page – production
Kevin Shirley – remixing (2007 edition)

Packaging

 Cameron Crowe – liner notes
 George Hardie – record sleeve
 Hipgnosis – record sleeve

Charts

Certifications

References

External links

 The Garden Tapes – a study of sources of the live material and the edits for release on this album.

Albums produced by Jimmy Page
Albums with cover art by Hipgnosis
Led Zeppelin live albums
1976 live albums
1976 soundtrack albums
Concert film soundtracks
Swan Song Records live albums
Swan Song Records soundtracks
Albums recorded at Madison Square Garden
Albums recorded at Trident Studios
Albums recorded at Electric Lady Studios
Hard rock soundtracks
Heavy metal soundtracks

The Song Remains the Same (album)


was a village located in Aso District, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 4,523 and a population density of 94.45 persons per km². The total area was 47.89 km².

On February 13, 2005, Hakusui, along with the villages of Chōyō and Kugino (all from Aso District), was merged to create the village of Minamiaso and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

References

External links
 Official website of Minamiaso

Dissolved municipalities of Kumamoto Prefecture

Hakusui, Kumamoto


Ekwow Spio-Garbrah (born 1953) is a Ghanaian politician who was the Minister for Trade and Industry from 2014 to 2017 in the Mahama administration. He was formerly the Minister of Communications, Minister of Education  and Acting Minister of Mines & Energy in the Rawlings administration. He also previously served as Ghana's ambassador to the United States and Mexico. He is a former CEO of the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation.

Spio-Garbrah is Chairman of the African Business Centre for Developing Education (ABCDE), based in Ghana. He has also been a Chairman/CEO of several Pan-African non-governmental organizations, CEO of a church, and has held senior positions in the world of banking and financial services. He serves as chairman for Solarfi, a renewable energy company.

Early life
Spio-Garbrah was born in Kumasi at the Okomfo Anokye Hospital to former Ghanaian ambassador Britton Spio-Garbrah and nurse/midwife and poet Elizabeth Spio-Garbrah.

He began his basic education at the King Tackie School in Accra. His father was the first headmaster and founder of the Konongu Odumase Secondary School. Both his parents are natives of the Central and Western regions of Ghana.

Ekwow was a student at Achimota School and received a B.A. in English from the University of Ghana. He completed coursework for a master's degree in communications from the same university and obtained a MA in International Affairs from Ohio University in Athens. Subsequently, Ekwow received a graduate certificate for International Banking and Finance from New York University in 1984.

Early career
Ekow Spio-Garbrah's early business experience included working as a mortgage banker in New Jersey, as a sales executive with Southwestern Bell, and as chairman of the Middle East Africa Group within the international public relations firm of Hill and Knowlton in New York. In that capacity, from 1979 to 1985, he provided investment, export and tourism promotion counsel to the governments of Indonesia, Turkey, the Netherlands and Austria; financial relations advice to the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, Crédit Agricole of France, UBAF-Arab American Bank, and energy sector intelligence to OPEC.

From 1988 to 1991, Spio-Garbrah was a Corporate Relations Officer at the International Finance Corporation, the World Bank affiliate, in Washington, DC. From 1991 to 1994 he was Head of Communication at the African Development Bank, directing the bank's global corporate and marketing communications and acting as institutional spokesman.

Political  appointments

Ambassador to the United States
As Ambassador to the United States from 1994 to 1997, Spio-Garbrah was noted for his success in rebuilding Ghana's image across the United States, including organising an unprecedented eight-city investment promotion programme for Ghana's then-President H.E. Flt Lt. Jerry John Rawlings in the U.S. As a result, partly of the successful bilateral programmes he executed, Ghana became the first country to be visited by U.S. President Bill Clinton during his famous five-country Africa visit in 1998 and is now a recipient of the Millennium Challenge Account. President Clinton's visit to Ghana was also followed by visits from President George Bush and Barack Obama, making it the only sub-Saharan African country to receive all three Presidents.

Minister of Communication
As a Minister of Communication of Ghana, from 1997 to 1998, Spio-Garbrah initiated, developed and implemented policies and programmes that supported the increasing convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting, the internet, publishing, news media and postal services, all of which were under his supervision. Concurrently, as chairman of the National Communication Authority (NCA), he had responsibility for regulating all aspects of the telecom, Internet and broadcasting sectors. Ekwow Spio-Garbrah was also in charge of the Public Education Committee which successfully re-introduced the VAT to Ghana after a disastrous first attempt in the early 1990s had left several protesters dead. The VAT has since mobilized USD billions for Ghana's socio-economic and infrastructure development in Ghana.

Education Minister
While Education Minister from 1998 to 2001, Spio-Garbrah was credited with the creation of the Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund), which has since mobilized over USD Billions for educational sector infrastructure, transportation, equipment and scholarships. The GETFund law has been widely praised as one of the most transformative pieces of legislation in Africa relating to the education sector.

Minister for Trade and Industry
From 2014 to January 2017 Ekwow Spio-Grabrah served as Minister for Trade and Industry for the Republic of Ghana. In this position, he led in all aspects of national policy making and initiation of legislation for various aspects of domestic and international trade as well as promoting industry and private sector/business dialogue, and collaboration for Ghana's competitiveness. He supervised agencies such as the Ghana Free Zones Board, the Ghana Export Promotion Authority, the National Standards Authority, the National Board for Small Scale Industries and the Rural Enterprises Programme.

Other appointments
In September 2021 the UK-headquartered Global ECO Capacity Exchange (ECO) appointed Spio-Garbrah as its president for Africa and Global Managing Director. He joined ECO after gaining international credibility through numerous high-level appointments on the world stage for nearly 45 years.

CEO Christian Action Faith Ministries
In 2011, Spio-Garbrah was appointed chief executive officer of the Christian Action Faith Ministries International. This is a global charismatic movement with millions of members across the world. This appointment made Spio-Garbrah the first person to occupy the position of CEO of a Christian denomination in Ghana. The Church's founder, Nicholas Duncan-Williams is married to the famed US trade expert Rosa Whitaker of the Whitaker Group, once US Under Secretary to Africa.

President Dominion University College
Between 2012 and 2014, Spio-Garbrah was appointed the President of the Dominion University College, Accra, Ghana which is a private Christian University founded by Nicholas Duncan-Williams. He was responsible for all aspects of strategic planning for the academic programmes, financial and accounting policies, and human resources and administrative systems for the operations of the private Christian University.

Presidential bid
In December 2006, Spio-Garbrah contested the leadership of Ghana's main opposition party, the National Democratic Congress (NDC). Managing 8.7% of the vote, he came second to John Atta Mills, who subsequently won Ghana's 2008 presidential election. He remains a leading member of Ghana's current largest opposition party, the National Democratic Congress NDC. On 15 January 2010, Spio-Garbrah was elected a vice chairman of the NDC. He was named Director of the Communications of the party from 2001 to 2003.

References

External links

 https://web.archive.org/web/20100313155853/http://www.cto.int/Default.aspx?tabid=99
 https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/officerProfile?symbol=TKG.N&officerId=1224316
 http://www.google.com/search?q=spio%2C%20NDC%2C%20ghana&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&tab=nw

Living people
1953 births
Alumni of Achimota School
Education ministers of Ghana
Communications ministers of Ghana
Trade ministers of Ghana
Ghanaian business executives
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
Ghanaian bankers
Ambassadors of Ghana to the United States
Ambassadors of Ghana to Mexico
World Bank Group people
Ghanaian chief executives
Industry ministers of Ghana
Ghanaian corporate directors
New York University alumni
Politicians from Ashanti Region
20th-century Ghanaian politicians
21st-century Ghanaian politicians

Ekwow Spio-Garbrah


Live Demonstration is a demo tape made by English rock band Oasis in 1993, prior to their rise to fame. The tape helped secure a recording contract with Creation Records, with most of the tracks ending up on the band's first batch of releases, including their debut album, Definitely Maybe.

The Live Demonstration cassette was reissued in a limited amount on 12 April 2014 for the 20th anniversary of Definitely Maybe. The reissue appears almost identical to the original, down to the handwritten cassette label, Union Jack artwork, and Noel Gallagher's 1993 contact information; the notable differences are that the reissued spine says "Oasis" whereas the original says "Oasis Live", the copyright marking "Ⓟ & © 1993 Big Brother Recordings Ltd" on the cassette itself, and liner notes written by Mark Coyle on the inside of the J-card.

Overview
In 1992, Oasis were an up-and-coming live act in Manchester, with a small following, but no signs of a record contract. Realising their potential, Oasis guitarist and songwriter Noel Gallagher contacted Tony Griffiths of the Liverpool band The Real People. The two had met on a North American tour with the Inspiral Carpets, on which The Real People had been the opening act and Gallagher had worked as a roadie. Gallagher asked him if Oasis could use their studio to produce a professional sounding demo which they could then send to record companies. Griffiths and his brother Chris claim to have taught the band a lot about recording songs during that period.  Around a dozen songs were recorded at the studio at Dock Road, Liverpool in Spring 1993, of which six songs ended up on the final demo tape.  The versions of "D'Yer Wanna Be A Spaceman?" and "Married With Children" were recorded at the home of co-producer Mark Coyle.

It is estimated that 10 cassette copies were sent out with a J-card insert depicting a swirling Union Jack and the now famous Oasis logo designed by Tony French.  More cassettes were handed out without the picture sleeve, but with instead, a handwritten set of notes.

In May 1993, the band were invited to play a gig at the famous Glasgow nightclub King Tut's, by a band who shared their rehearsal rooms. Oasis found the money to hire a van and make the six-hour journey to Glasgow.  Among the people at the club that night was head of Creation Records, Alan McGee, who knew some of the other acts playing.  Upon seeing Oasis for the first time, he was apparently so impressed that after the show, he went up to the band and offered them a record deal on the spot.  A copy of the demo tape was handed to McGee that night, of which the contents made McGee even more determined to sign up the band.  A couple of months later, Oasis signed a 6-album deal with Creation Records.

As Oasis' fame grew in the 1990s the tape soon became an item desired by collectors and copies started changing hands for hundreds of pounds. In the 2016 edition of "Rare Record Price Guide" published by Record Collector, an advertisement by Omega Auctions (on page 1) states a copy has since been sold for more than £6,000.

The strength of the tracks on Live Demonstration was proved by the fact that four of the songs eventually ended up on Definitely Maybe; ("Married with Children", "Rock 'N' Roll Star", "Bring It on Down" and "Columbia"), with three others appearing as B-sides ("D'Yer Wanna Be a Spaceman?", "Fade Away" and "Cloudburst").  The other song, "Strange Thing", saw its first commercial release in May 2014, with the release of the 20th anniversary edition of Definitely Maybe.

Track listing

All songs were written by Noel Gallagher.
Side one
"Cloudburst"
"Columbia"
"D'yer Wanna Be a Spaceman?"
"Strange Thing"

Side two
"Bring It on Down"
"Married with Children"
"Fade Away"
"Rock 'n' Roll Star"

Official releases
"Cloudburst" – Released as a B-side on the "Live Forever" single
"Fade Away" – Released as a B-side on the "Cigarettes & Alcohol" single, and later on The Masterplan album
"Columbia" – An edited version of the demo was released on a white label promo 12" in December 1993. As a result, this became the first Oasis song played on BBC Radio 1, adding to the growing buzz surrounding the band. This version was also released as a B-side on the "Supersonic" single, as well as on Oasis' debut album Definitely Maybe
"D'Yer Wanna Be a Spaceman?" – Released as a B-side on the "Shakermaker" single
"Married with Children" – Released on Oasis' debut album, Definitely Maybe
"Bring It on Down" – Released on Oasis' debut album, Definitely Maybe
"Rock 'n' Roll Star" – Released on Oasis' debut album, Definitely Maybe
"Strange Thing" – Released on the 2014 remaster of Definitely Maybe

References

Oasis (band) albums
1993 albums
Demo albums
Self-released albums
Albums produced by Mark Coyle

Live Demonstration


Carl Alexander Holtz (December 11, 1920 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin – July 8, 2006 in Waukesha, Wisconsin) was a local conservationist, former USAAF officer, and All-American stroke in intercollegiate crew. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame and the National Crew Hall of Fame, and he is regarded as one of the most powerful strokes to ever sit in a shell.

Life
While just a toddler, Holtz was abandoned by his father. Finances were such that Carl would have to take a job with the local Sears Roebuck store, a position he held for two years until he had saved up enough money to afford collegiate tuition.

Carl enrolled in the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. One of his most influential professors was the famed Aldo Leopold, who passed along a deep appreciation for the land and a sense of conservationism.

Athletics, sports, and activities were very important to Carl, as he felt he always had to be active or doing something. On a whim, he joined the Badger football team as a freshman, and remained on the Freshman/Junior Varsity team for the year (in those days, football programs had dedicated lower-level teams beneath Varsity, and "redshirting" was not yet existent). There, he encountered the likes of All-American Pat Harder, who he befriended and who...

Holtz enlisted in the United States Army Air Force late in 1942 and was sent off for training in Kansas and Texas. He was given the class-nickname of "Tarzan".

He was cross-trained, and received both a navigator's badge and a bombardier's badge.  He flew many bombing missions over Germany.

CHAMPION OARSMAN

He was unsurpassed as a stroke in University of Wisconsin rowing.  He led his crew of 8 - some of whom were to become his friends for life - to win the prestigious Eastern Sprints in 1946, the same year he was named All-American. In 1948 Holtz followed his rowing coach, Allen Walz, to Yale, where he coached the freshman crew.

Joint-owner in a Connecticut blueberry farm, he decided to move back home to Wisconsin to look for a larger farm on which to raise his growing family. In 1957 Holtz purchased a dilapidated farm just outside Mukwonago, Wisconsin known as Mayflower Farm, a misnomer for the wild Pasque flowers that grow on its prairies.

To supplement income for his family, Holtz took up a job as a Rural Letter Carrier in the area, servicing the villages and towns of Mukwonago, Vernon, Caldwell, and North Prairie.

Death
Carl Holtz died, quietly, from complications due to Alzheimer's disease early in the morning of July 8, 2006. He had been diagnosed with the disease approximately three years earlier.

Notables
 On June 7, a week prior to the June 13, 1948 "25th Anniversary of the Opening of Yankee Stadium" celebration the New York Yankees hosted, Babe Ruth visited Yale to present his autobiographical manuscript to the Yale baseball team. A parade was improvised, and Holtz was quickly approached to lend his grey Chevrolet convertible to transport Ruth down the parade route. Holtz owned the only convertible in New Haven, and thus drove the "Sultan of Swat" around the campus and presented him for the dedication ceremony. At the field, team captain George H. W. Bush received the manuscript.
 The current Varsity-8 shell for UW's men's crew is named the Carl Holtz '47 in his honor.

References
 Wisconsin, Where They Row, Brad Taylor (University of Wisconsin–Madison Press 2005, )

External sources
Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel Article
Babe Ruth Donates His Manuscript to Yale

1920 births
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
American male rowers
Rowing coaches
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences alumni
Military personnel from Milwaukee
Farmers from Wisconsin
2006 deaths
Neurological disease deaths in Wisconsin
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease

Carl Holtz