Vicarage Hill is a cricket ground located in East Challow, Oxfordshire. Situated on the site of a park which has been in existence since the 1890s, the ground is surrounded to the west by the road from which it gets its name, to the south by the Ickleton Road and to the north and east by farmland.

Oxfordshire first used the ground in the 1993 Minor Counties Championship against Wiltshire, playing a single Minor Counties Championship match in their season, with the exception of 1997, when two matches were played there. No Minor Counties Championship match was played there in 1998, but the ground did hold its first MCCA Knockout Trophy matches in that season when Oxfordshire played the Nottinghamshire Cricket Board, Norfolk and Shropshire. The ground held a single Minor Counties Championship match in 1999, before hosting the Kent Cricket Board in an MCCA Knockout Trophy match the following season. The only List A match to be played there was played in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy between Oxfordshire and Huntingdonshire. Huntingdonshire made 252/5 from their 50 overs, with Wayne Larkins top-scoring with 73. Oxfordshire were dismissed for 175 in their chase to lose the match by 77 runs. Since 2001, the ground has played host to one Minor Counties Championship match each season, as well as several MCCA Knockout Trophy matches since 2000. The ground is home to Challow & Childrey Cricket Club.

See also
List of Oxfordshire County Cricket Club grounds

References

External links
Vicarage Hill, East Challow at ESPNcricinfo
Vicarage Hill, East Challow at CricketArchive

Oxfordshire County Cricket Club
Cricket grounds in Oxfordshire
Sports venues completed in 1983

Vicarage Hill


Anne Whitney created two public statues of Samuel Adams. One, made in 1876, resides in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the US Capitol, Washington, D.C. The other, made in 1880, is located in front of Faneuil Hall Plaza in Boston.

National Statuary Hall
Congress asked each state to provide the nation's capitol with two statues of prominent individuals. Some thought that John Adams, Samuel's cousin and also a president, should have been chosen, but at the time Samuel Adams was the most popular figure in the state's history. Having written thousands of letters to political leaders and newspapers, he was called "the most persuasive political writers of all time" by George Sand.

Whitney won a contest in 1873 to create a statue of Samuel Adams, one of the requirements being that the statue be carved in Italy from a plaster cast made in Boston.  She traveled to Italy in 1875 to acquire Carrara marble for the sculpture. It was sent to Washington, D.C. in 1876, the country's centennial. In a verse that mocked the judges who first selected her in a blind competition to create a statue for Charles Sumner, but deselected her when they found out that she was a woman, a verse was published in New York Evening Telegram that stated, "Yet under the dome of the Capitol / Stands Samuel Adams erect and tall, / As free as his namesake before the fall; / And though the image was carved by woman / Rarely is marble so grandly human."  The statue was unveiled in the Capitol on December 19, 1876.

Faneuil Hall

Before being sent to Washington, D.C. the statue was exhibited at the Boston Athenæum where it proved to be so popular that the citizens of Boston commissioned a bronze version for the city.  The bronze version of the statue on a granite base (1880) was installed on Congress Street in Faneuil Hall Plaza in Boston, where Adams gave speeches about British rule and taxation. It is based upon the marble statue that she made for the National Statuary Hall Collection. She was requested to make another version by the City of Boston.

Adams attitude suggests one of defiance against British rule, such as the manner in which his arms are crossed, and determination. Adam's face is finely chiseled, and he wears citizen's clothing of the period. The Revolutionary patriot, Adams founded the Sons of Liberty with John Hancock to protest unfair taxation on the residents of the colonies. The statue is meant to convey his attitude at the point, after the Boston Massacre, when Adams demanded that Governor Thomas Hutchinson remove British troops from the city. The troops were moved to Castle Island in Boston Harbor. The inscription on the monument states "Samuel Adams 1722–1803 – A Patriot – He organized the Revolution, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Governor – A True Leader of the People. Erected A. D. 1880, from a fund bequeathed to the city of Boston by Jonathan Phillips. A statesman, incorruptible and fearless."

The pedestal is ten feet high. That statue sits upon a polished Quincy granite base and cap and a lower nine-feet square base of unpolished Quincy granite. The granite plaza surface is marked for  with the approximate location of the early Colonial shoreline c. 1630. The street layout and building plot plan designations from an 1820 map are shown by etched dashed lines and changes from pink granite to grey granite paving slabs. The shoreline marking artwork entitled, A Once and Future Shoreline, is made with etched silhouettes of seaweed, sea grass, fish, shells and other materials found along a high tide line.

It first stood in Adams Square, but was moved for the construction of the Government Center.

References

Further reading

External links

 Samuel Adams, Architect of the Capitol
 Close-up of Samuel Adams, Boston sculpture

1876 sculptures
1880 sculptures
Arts in Boston
Cultural depictions of Samuel Adams
Government Center, Boston
Monuments and memorials in Boston
Monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C.
Adams, Samuel
Outdoor sculptures in Massachusetts
Sculptures of men in Massachusetts
Sculptures of men in Washington, D.C.
Statues in Boston
Statues in Washington, D.C.
Statues of activists
Statues of U.S. Founding Fathers

Statue of Samuel Adams


Mount has three main meanings.

Mountain

"Mount" is often used to mean "mountain", as part of a name e.g. Mount Vesuvius, Mount McKinley, Mount Everest.

Mount as a verb
To "mount" something means to put it onto something else.

 An artist mounts his paintings on cardboard. An architect mounts his models on foamcore.
 A camera is mounted on a tripod. A gun is mounted on the deck of a ship.
 A rider mounts a horse. A gymnast mounts the balance beam for a display.
 A male animal mounts a female animal to have sexual intercourse.

Mount as a noun
A "mount" is a thing for mounting something on.

It might be a piece of equipment such as:
 A lens mount for a camera. This is the part of the camera that is made specially so that lenses can be attached.

It might be a piece of stiff flat "backing" such as:
 A mount for a stuffed animal. This is a piece of polished wood that a stuffed animal can be fixed to, for display.
 A picture mount. This is a piece of cardboard which a photograph or other picture is attached to.

It might be an animal:
 "Frederick's mount was a fine black horse, Ernest's mount was a chestnut mare, Clumsy Jack's mount was a skinny old goat."

Mount in computing and software
 Mount (in computing), the process of making a file system accessible
 Mount Unix, the utility in Unix-like operating systems which mounts file systems
 Mount (streaming), a concept used in streaming software programs

Mount


Cupressus sargentii is a species of conifer in the family Cupressaceae known by the common name Sargent's cypress. It is endemic to California, where it is known from Mendocino County southwards to Santa Barbara County.  This taxon is limited to  the Coast Range mountains. It grows in forests with other conifers, as well as chaparral and other local mountain habitat, usually in pure stands on serpentine soils. It generally grows 10 to 15 meters (33–50 feet) tall, but it is known to exceed 22 meters (73 feet). On Carson Ridge in Marin County, as well as Hood Mountain in Sonoma County, the species comprises a pygmy forest of trees which do not attain heights greater than 240–360 cm (8–12 feet) due to high mineral concentrations in the serpentine soil.

One notable population occurs in the Cedar Mountain Ridge area of Eastern Alameda County. According to Carl Wolf, who extensively studied the New World Cypress in the 1930s and 1940s, seed from the Cedar Mountain stand of Cupressus sargentii produced the most vigorous seedlings.

Like many of the New World Cupressaceae, Sargent Cypress usually reproduces with the aid of wildfire, which cause an opening of the cones and exposure of bare mineral soil for seedling germination, though occasionally seeds will fall and germinate without fire, though such seems to be the exception rather than the rule. It is often the case that many trees in a particular stand will all be the same age, so that a sort of stratification occurs of different colonies all of the same age. Sargent Cypress can begin producing cones as early as five or six years of age.

References

Further reading
Forest Service Fire Ecology
Wolf, C. B. & Wagener, W. E. (1948). The New World cypresses. El Aliso 1: 195–205.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment of Cupressus sargentii
USDA Plants Profile for Cupressus sargentii
Flora of North America
UC CalPhotos gallery

sargentii
Endemic flora of California
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Trees of the Southwestern United States
~
Plants described in 1909
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Cupressus sargentii


Internet slang is slang words which are used on the internet. Most of these words are new, such as Wiki and blog, which were not used before the internet became popular.

Some old words were given new meanings, such as mail (which now means email).  This makes many metaphors on the Internet, such as boot (which otherwise mean a shoe) and link (which otherwise means a joint in a metal chain).  Some existing acronyms, such as "AFK" (To mean "Away from keyboard") and "IRL" (To mean "In real life") were used on bulletin board systems before the internet became popular.  These are now used on the internet, such as in chat rooms and on instant messenger software.

People have also created some verbs and adjectives to describe things that only happen on the internet:

 To flame - to send offensive messages, usually in chat rooms, forums, instant messaging software or email.
 To ping - to send some data to another computer and see how long it takes for the data to come back.

Shorthand words
Shorthand is where a word is written in a shorter way because it is quicker and easier to type. It is also done to fit more text into a limited space.

Internet slang uses many acronyms because they are quicker and easier to type.  They are often shorthand for common phrases and idioms, but they can show somebody's emotions and their certainty.

Leet speak
Leet speak (written as: L33T or 1337) is the most common language on MMORPGs because rude words are not stopped by filters. This language is changing all the time because new words are made and used. A lot of the words use numbers instead of letters but some were made because of typing errors which are now done on purpose. Also, some suffixes are used, such as -age and -ness.

Some of the numbers and symbols used instead of letters are in the table below.

Internet slang


Viseu () is a city and municipality in the Centro Region of Portugal and the capital of the district of the same name, with a population of nearly 100,000 inhabitants in the entire municipality, and center of the Viseu Dão Lafões intermunipical community, with 267,633 inhabitants.
Settled during the period of the early Iberian Castro culture, the territory of Viseu was populated by a series of cultures including the Romans, Suebs, Visigoths and Moors. During the Roman occupation of Iberia, Viriathus, the rebel leader of the Lusitanians, is assumed to have lived for a time in the vicinity. During the Middle Ages, the city often served as a seat for Visigothic nobles (such as King Roderic), and is considered one of the probable birthplaces of Afonso Henriques, first King of Portugal.

Viseu is a regional economic hub with a strong wine industry and is the seat of the international conglomerate Visabeira. The city is also a cultural center, home to the nationally acclaimed Grão Vasco Museum, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Viseu, and center of national universities, including the Catholic University of Portugal.

History
The origins of the city of Viseu date back to the pre-Roman period, with its name being reconstructed from the indigenous word 'Vissaîegobor' as *Vissaium, perhaps with a latinised suffix.

With its Romanisation the settlement gained importance, being at the intersection of a series of Roman roads linking Mérida, Lisbon, and Galicia.

Viseu is associated with Viriathus, since it is thought that the Lusitanian hero may have been born in this region. After the Roman occupation of the peninsula, under the Visigoths, the settlement was elevated to the status of city and to the seat of a diocese by at least the 6th century.

Middle Ages
The origins of Viseu extend to proto-history, when migrating groups settled the territory, including the Celts and Lusitanians. Roman colonists settled in these territories during eras of prosperity and peace, leading eventually to Suebic, Gothic and Muslim cultures. The Suebic peoples, by the middle of the 6th century, had already established a community, with a bishop that existed at the suffrage of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Braga. With the arrival of North African Muslims, the Visigoths escaped the territory to the distant mountains of Asturias.

The lands of Viseu frequently switched hands between the Christians and Moors, who referred to Viseu as Bazu, and was definitely taken in 1058, due to the victory of Ferdinand I of León. But, his siege left such destruction that only in 1147–1148, during the Reconquista, that the Diocese of Viseu had the conditions to support a bishop. For many years it had been absorbed by the Bishopric of Coimbra, due to the intervention of the priors, including S. Teotónio. Viseu began recuperating its importance as an urban centre; "rapidly, [it] recuperated its lost transitory brilliance or worsened its activities and differentiation social". It was another three centuries of laborious peace that allowed Viseu to grow once more. It was following the death of King Ferdinand I, the Castilians sought to enforce (by force-of-arms), its rights to the lands/territories of the County of Portugal.

During Countship of Portugal, Viseu served as the seat of the Corte of Henry, Count of Portugal and Countess Teresa, who granted a foral to the city in 1123. Viseu is one of the possible birthplaces of their son Afonso Henriques in 1109. Following the successful defense of his hereditary rights, and supported by nobles and clergy, Afonso Henriques founded the kingdom of Portugal. Viseu was granted a new charter 1187, that was later reinforced by his grandson, King Afonso II of Portugal, in 1217.

During the 1383–85 Crisis, the city was besieged by the forces of Juan I of Castile, leading to King John I of Portugal starting construction on a series of defensive fortifications which would continue being built until the reign of King Afonso V of Portugal.

The city became part of a fiefdom, when Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King John I of Portugal, was made Duke of Viseu, in 1415.

In 1475, Vasco Fernandes, a famed artist of the Portuguese Renaissance, was born in the city,

In 1513, King Manuel I of Portugal renewed the charter of Viseu and a series of works were taken on throughout the city, with the opening of the first square of the city, the Rossio.

In the 19th century, a new Municipal Palace was built in the Rossio, significantly altering the flow of the city, moving it away from the medieval center to newer parts of the city.

Geography

Viseu is approximately  East of the Atlantic Ocean. Surrounded by a number of mountains – Leomil, Montemuro, Lapa, Arada, Estrela and Caramulo – the tops of which are covered with thick layers of snow in Winter time, the district is crossed by a network of rivers and streamlets.

The city of Viseu has an almost central position in relation to the District lying on the so-called Viseu Plateau (in Portuguese Planalto de Viseu). It is surrounded by a mountainous system constituted to the north by the Leonil, Montemuro, and Lapa hills, to the northeast by the Arado hills, to the south and southeast by the Serra da Estrela and the Lousã hills and to the west by the Caramulo hills.

The Municipality is characterized by an irregular surface with altitudes ranging between . With rough terrain, it has numerous water courses. These are found in three basins: the Vouga, the Dão and the Paiva.

Climate
Situated in a zone of transition, the concelho has several micro-climates. The Serra do Caramulo, located to the west of the city, plays an important role in climatic terms by lessening the influences of the western air masses (although the Mondego River's basin makes the penetration easier). Consequently, Viseu's climate is characterized by the existence of high temperature extremes, with cold and wet winters and hot and dry summers.

Viseu has a Mediterranean climate (Csb, bordering Csa), with the 1981–2010 averages indicating it just below the  isotherm. Its inland position and relative altitude contribute to cooler winters than in coastal areas of the country, as well as a relatively large diurnal temperature variation as well as lower averages than more low-lying inland cities in the central-north area of the country such as Castelo Branco. In spite of its inland position, the maritime influence is strong enough for there to be a seasonal lag resulting in September averaging similar temperatures as June for the 1981–2010 reference period. This also applies to October and May. However, temperatures drop sharply in November, resulting in a smaller lag for the winter season. July and August are the driest and hottest months, with daytime highs averaging  for both months. Winters are much wetter with an average December precipitation of .

Human geography

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 25 civil parishes:

 Abraveses
 Barreiros e Cepões
 Boa Aldeia, Farminhão e Torredeita
 Bodiosa
 Calde
 Campo
 Cavernães
 Cota
 Couto de Baixo e Couto de Cima
 Faíl e Vila Chã de Sá
 Fragosela
 Lordosa
 Mundão
 Orgens
 Povolide
 Ranhados
 Repeses e São Salvador
 Ribafeita
 Rio de Loba
 Santos Evos
 São Cipriano e Vil de Souto
 São João de Lourosa
 São Pedro de France
 Silgueiros
 Viseu

Due to migration in the 1960s, Viseu suffered a great decline in its population. After the end of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974), with the return of refugees from the Portuguese African colonies that achieved independence, and resulting economic and demographic growth, starting at the end of the 1970s, the municipality increased its population by about 10 percent, giving it an estimated population of 83,261 people. Afterwards, a stagnation set in, confirmed by the 1991 census which showed a population of 83,601.

International relations

As of 2023, Viseu is twinned with:

 Abidjan, Ivory Coast
 Arezzo, Italy
 Campinas, Brazil
 Cantagalo, São Tomé and Príncipe
 Elvas, Portugal
 Haskovo, Bulgaria
 Lublin, Poland
 Marly-le-Roi, France
 Matola, Mozambique
 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
 São Filipe, Cape Verde
 Taiyuan, China

Economy
The city and the region are famous for its wine (Dão Wine) and the Dão Wine Institute, the Solar do Vinho do Dão can be found in the city. There is also an annual fair, the Feira de São Mateus. Furthermore, Viseu is also known for local handicrafts which include black pottery, bobbin lace, embroidery, and copper and wrought iron articles. With the good connections to major industrial centers and to the ports of Aveiro and Leixões, several industries have been installed in Viseu. Visabeira, a Portugal-based international conglomerate with interests in telecommunications, construction, industry, tourism, real estate and diversified services is headquartered in the city. Viseu also hosts a central hospital (Hospital of São Teotónio), two shopping & cinema complexes (the Fórum (2005) and the Palácio do Gelo (2008)), and numerous hostels and hotels in all categories.

Transportation
The city of Viseu has a bus network – MUV – which operates several lines within the entire municipality and a recently installed funicular connecting the lower city with the upper city. The A25 motorway (formerly called IP5) connects Viseu to the seaport of Aveiro and Guarda and then on to Salamanca in Spain. The IP3 and A24, connecting Coimbra with Chaves on the Spanish border, cross Viseu from south to north. Until the nineteen eighties Viseu had railway connections with the coast, but these were closed.

Viseu is now one of the largest cities in Europe without a railway connection. Once it was connected to Aveiro (via the Vouga line, a narrow gauge railway), and Santa Comba Dão (on the Dão line, another narrow gauge railway), where it had a connection to the Linha da Beira Alta (broad gauge; international). The Dão line closed to passengers in 1988.

The municipality has an airfield – the Viseu Airport (code VSE) also known as Lobato, parish of Lordosa, Viseu – that offers scheduled commercial flights to some domestic destinations with Aero VIP.

Education
Viseu is the location of the state-run Instituto Politécnico de Viseu which has higher education polytechnic schools of education, technology and management, and agronomy. The city's political and civic groups have been pressuring the national government to upgrade this school into a university, but its desire was never achieved. However, there are 2 private university institutions, the Universidade Católica Portuguesa and the Instituto Piaget. Furthermore, since the Bologna process, the difference between universities and polytechnics is less relevant, with the exception of some degrees like medicine, economics or law, that are only awarded in universities.

There are three secondary education (the Portuguese equivalent of High School) establishments:  the Escola Secundária de Viriato, Escola Secundária Alves Martins and Escola Secundária Emídio Navarro.

Gallery

Notable citizens

 Edward, King of Portugal (1391–1438), known as Duarte, King of Portugal, 1433 to 1438
 Vasco Fernandes (ca.1475 – ca.1542), better known as Grão Vasco, one of the principal Portuguese Renaissance painters
 João de Barros (ca.1496 – 1570) historian, famous for his Décadas da Ásia, a history of the Portuguese in India, Asia, and southeast Africa.
 Antonio Thomas (ca.1520 – 1590s) a marine and conquistador in service of the Spanish crown.
 Manuel de Almeida (1580–1646) member of the Society of Jesus, missionary to India
 Beatriz Pinheiro (1872–1922) a writer and a pacifist concerned to improve the rights of women.
 Judite Teixeira (1880-1959) a writer of three books of poetry and a book of short stories
 Carlos de Liz-Texeira Branquinho (1902–1973) a Portuguese diplomat, saved the lives of 1,000 Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary
 Manuel Maria Carrilho (born 1951) a philosopher, academic and politician; Minister of Culture, 1995 to 2000
 Álvaro Santos Pereira (born 1972) an economist, professor, writer and Govt. minister 2011/2013.

Sport

 Carlos Lopes (born 1947 in Vildemoinhos) a former long-distance runner, won the 1984 Summer Olympics marathon; the first Portuguese Olympic gold medalist
 Paulo Sousa (born 1970) is a former footballer, with 256 club caps and 51 for Portugal, later coach for ACF Fiorentina and the Poland national football team.
 Paulo Gomes (born 1975) a retired footballer with 296 club caps
 Bruno Madeira (born 1984) a footballer with over 360 club caps
 Fernando Ferreira (born 1986) a footballer with over 330 club caps
 Tiago Gonçalves (born 1986) a footballer with 247 caps with Académico de Viseu
 Fábio Santos (born 1988) footballer with over 300 club caps, plays for Académico de Viseu
 Neide Simões (born 1988) a women's football goalkeeper, played 60 times for the Portugal women's national football team
 Bruno Loureiro (born 1989)  a footballer with over 270 club caps, plays for Académico de Viseu
 André Coelho (born 1993) a futsal player with 41 caps with the Portugal national futsal team
 Rui Miguel (born 1983) a footballer with over 330 club caps
 João Félix (born 1999) a football player with Atlético Madrid, with 51 caps for Portugal
António Silva, footballer born 2003

References

External links

Cities in Portugal
Populated places in Viseu District
Municipalities of Viseu District

Viseu


Lithium borate, also known as lithium tetraborate is an inorganic compound with the formula Li2B4O7. A colorless solid, lithium borate is used in making glasses and ceramics.

Structure
Its structure consists of a polymeric borate backbone.  The Li+ centers are bound to four and five oxygen ligands.  Boron centers are trigonal and tetrahedral.

Lithium borate can be used in the laboratory as LB buffer for gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA.  It is also used in the borax fusion method to vitrify mineral powder specimens for analysis by WDXRF spectroscopy.

See also
LB buffer
Lithium metaborate (LiBO2)

References

Borates
Lithium compounds

Lithium borate


Gaetano Capocci (16 October 1811 – 11 January 1898) was a composer, organist and maestro.

Capocci was born in Rome.  As a boy he studied the organ under Sante Pascoli, organist of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome, and he completed his musical studies under Valentino Fioravanti and Francesco Cianciarelli. In 1831 he was granted a diploma as organist by the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, and, in 1833, he received a diploma in the art of composition. Almost immediately he was appointed organist of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, in 1839. In 1855 he was appointed maestro direttore of the Cappella Pia of the Lateran, where he worked for the remainder of his life. Solely devoted to church music, Capocci composed numerous masses and motets. He also wrote two oratorios, Battista and Assalonne. His chief fame rested on his Responsori for Holy Week. At San Salvatore in Lauro he taught castrati Alessandro Moreschi and Giovanni Cesari. His son Filippo Capocci (1840–1911) succeeded him as maestro at the Lateran in 1898.

References
  cites:
 GROVE, Dict. of Music and Musicians, I (London, 1904),

1811 births
1898 deaths
Musicians from Rome
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni
19th-century Italian composers

Gaetano Capocci


Live at Earls Court is a live album by Morrissey. Its sleeve notes state that it was "recorded live at Earls Court in London on 18 December 2004 in front of 17,183 people."

Track listing
All tracks written by Morrissey and Alain Whyte except as noted.

"How Soon Is Now?" (Morrissey, Johnny Marr)
"First of the Gang to Die"
"November Spawned a Monster" (Morrissey, Clive Langer)
"Don't Make Fun of Daddy's Voice"
"Bigmouth Strikes Again" (Morrissey, Marr)
"I Like You" (Morrissey, Boz Boorer)
"Redondo Beach" (Patti Smith, Lenny Kaye, Richard Sohl)
"Let Me Kiss You"
"Subway Train – Munich Air Disaster 1958" medley (David Johansen, Johnny Thunders – Morrissey, Whyte)
"There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" (Morrissey, Marr)
"The More You Ignore Me, the Closer I Get" (Morrissey, Boorer)
"Friday Mourning"
"I Have Forgiven Jesus"
"The World Is Full of Crashing Bores" (Morrissey, Boorer)
"Shoplifters of the World Unite" (Morrissey, Marr)
"Irish Blood, English Heart"
"You Know I Couldn't Last" (Morrissey, Whyte, Gary Day)
"Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me" (Morrissey, Marr)

Singles
One single was released from the album:

"Redondo Beach"/"There Is a Light That Never Goes Out" double A-side
B-sides: "Noise Is the Best Revenge", "It's Hard to Walk Tall When You're Small" (BBC Session)

It was released on 28 March 2005 in Europe and on 5 April in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the single reached number 11 in the Top 40. In Europe the single preceded the album, whereas in the United States the roles were reversed.

Personnel
 Morrissey – vocals
 Boz Boorer – guitar, congas, clarinet, backing vocals
 Jesse Tobias – guitar
 Michael Farrell – keyboards, percussion, trumpet, backing vocals
 Gary Day – bass
 Dean Butterworth – drums

Albums produced by Peter Asher
2005 live albums
Sanctuary Records live albums
Morrissey live albums

Live at Earls Court


Marko Chiziko (born on April 17, 1952) was the former Commander General of the Malawian Defence Force (MDF). He was born in Dowa at Chiziko Village, Chakhaza Traditional authority.

He was the Commander for the Army from 2004 until 2011 for President Bingu wa Mutharika. His deputy was Ernest Ntonya. He played a leading role in the  participation of the Malawi Army in the African Crisis Response Initiative (ACRI) and Africa Contingency Operations Training Assistance (ACOTA). He was replaced by General Henry Odillo in 2011.

After serving as the Commander General of the MDF he was appointed as National Security Advisor in the Bingu wa Mutharika administration on July 23, 2011, a new position that began with his appointment. He was appointed by Joyce Banda as the Presidential Advisor on security in March 2013.

Career
He obtained a Malawi School Certificate of Education at Dedza Secondary School.

He enlisted in the Army in 1972 and moved up the ranks. He became Lieutenant, Captain, Major, LT Colonel, Colonel. He attended several courses during his early army career. He attended the Army Command and General Staff Course in 1988/1989 in the USA. He then served as Brigadier, Major General, LT General and General. He has extensive training in the Army having been trained in Malawi, the UK, Netherlands, Botswana, South Africa and the United States. He is also a holder of a Masters in Strategic Planning and Management (2003) Derby University, UK; in correspondence through Malawi Institute of Management. He has written a few articles about defence and security as part of his PhD thesis.

Personal life
He is married and has 7 children.

Awards and accolades
Efficiency Medal
Campaign Medal
Malawi Silver Jubilee Medal
Long Service
Good Conduct Medal

References

Malawian Defence Force officers
Living people
1951 births

Marko Chiziko


The Twelfth Council of Toledo, held in Toledo, Spain, was initiated on 9 January 681 by the Visigothic King Erwig, who was elected king in 680. One of its first actions was to release the population from the laws of Wamba and recognise Erwig, anathematising all who opposed him.

The Council was attended by thirty eight bishops, four abbots, and five palatine officials. It recognised the right of the metropolitan archbishop of Toledo to consecrate all bishops appointed by the king, even if they were outside his own province. Thus was born the primacy of the Toledan diocese over all Spain.

The council implemented various measures against the Jews, enacting against them twenty-eight laws. The bishops ordered the reading in all the churches of the canons against the Jews and conserved all acts of abjuration and conversion of Jews, prohibiting conversos from returning to Judaism. The canons were first read in the church of Santa María in Toledo on 27 January. Otherwise, the persecution of Jews was isolated to confiscation of goods.

The council, at the request of Erwig, revised the Forum Iudicum of Reccesuinth to right perceived injustices and contradictions. The revised law came into effect on 21 October. Laws against violence to slaves were suppressed. The general trend of all modifications and new legislation was in favour of the nobles and their privileges.

In religious matters, the bishops dealt with penance, death, excommunication, the number of sees, the election of bishops, the mass, and clerical discipline. The nomination of bishops by the kings was forbidden (despite tacit recognition of it in fact). The date of provincial synods was fixed on 1 November every year. The previous date had been in May, since the Fourth Council. The provinces were ordered to hold at least one synod each year. The church of Galicia was sanctioned in its treatment of slaves (see Tenth Council of Toledo) and the extant paganism of the province condemned.

The short council terminated on 25 January.

Sources
Thompson, E. A. (1969) The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Concilium Toletanum duodecimum, minutes from the Collectio Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis (Vat. lat. 1341)

Twelfth
681
7th century in the Visigothic Kingdom
7th-century church councils
Christianity and Judaism
History of slavery
Slavery in Spain

Twelfth Council of Toledo


The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around ). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class Rhyniopsida, others as the subdivision Rhyniophytina or the division Rhyniophyta. The first definition of the group, under the name Rhyniophytina, was by Banks, since when there have been many redefinitions, including by Banks himself. "As a result, the Rhyniophytina have slowly dissolved into a heterogeneous collection of plants ... the group contains only one species on which all authors agree: the type species Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii". When defined very broadly, the group consists of plants with dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes ("stems") with terminal spore-bearing structures (sporangia). The rhyniophytes are considered to be stem group tracheophytes (vascular plants).

Definitions

The group was described as a subdivision of the division Tracheophyta by Harlan Parker Banks in 1968 under the name Rhyniophytina. The original definition was: "plants with naked (lacking emergences), dichotomizing axes bearing sporangia that are terminal, usually fusiform and may dehisce longitudinally; they are diminutive plants and, in so far as is known, have a small terete xylem strand with a central protoxylem." With this definition, they are polysporangiophytes, since their sporophytes consisted of branched stems bearing sporangia (spore-forming organs). They lacked leaves or true roots but did have simple vascular tissue. Informally, they are often called rhyniophytes or, as mentioned below, rhyniophytoids.

However, as originally circumscribed, the group was found not to be monophyletic since some of its members are now known to lack vascular tissue. The definition that seems to be used most often now is that of D. Edwards and D.S. Edwards: "plants with smooth axes, lacking well-defined spines or leaves, showing a variety of branching patterns that may be isotomous, anisotomous, pseudomonopodial or adventitious. Elongate to globose sporangia were terminal on main axes or on lateral systems showing limited branching. It seems probable that the xylem, comprising a solid strand of tracheids, was centrarch." However, Edwards and Edwards also decided to include rhyniophytoids, plants which "look like rhyniophytes, but cannot be assigned unequivocally to that group because of inadequate anatomical preservation", but exclude plants like Aglaophyton and Horneophyton which definitely do not possess tracheids.

In 1966, slightly before Banks created the subdivision, the group was treated as a division under the name Rhyniophyta. Taylor et al. in their book Paleobotany use Rhyniophyta as a formal taxon, but with a loose definition: plants "characterized by dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes with terminal sporangia". They thus include under "other rhyniophytes" plants apparently without vascular tissue.

In 2010, the name paratracheophytes was suggested, to distinguish such plants from 'true' tracheophytes or eutracheophytes.

In  2013, Hao and Xue returned to the earlier definition. Their class Rhyniopsida (rhyniopsids) is defined by the presence of sporangia that terminate isotomous branching systems (i.e. the plants have branching patterns in which the branches are equally sized, rather than one branch dominating, like the trunk of a tree). The shape and symmetry of the sporangia was then used to divide up the group. Rhynialeans (order Rhyniales), such as Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii, Stockmansella and Huvenia, had radially symmetrical sporangia that were longer than wide and possessed vascular tissue with S-type tracheids. Cooksonioids, such as Cooksonia pertoni, C. paranensis and C. hemisphaerica, had radially symmetrical or trumpet-shaped sporangia, without clear evidence of vascular tissue. Renalioids, such as  Aberlemnia, Cooksonia crassiparietilis and Renalia had bilaterally symmetrical sporangia and protosteles.

Taxonomy
There is no agreement on the formal classification to be used for the rhyniophytes. The following are some of the names which may be used:

 Division Rhyniophyta
 Subdivision Rhyniophytina Banks (1968)
 Class Rhyniopsida Kryshtofovich (1925)
 Order Rhyniales Němejc (1950)
 Family Rhyniaceae Kidston & Lang (1920)

Phylogeny
In 2004, Crane et al. published a cladogram for the polysporangiophytes in which the Rhyniaceae are shown as the sister group of all other tracheophytes (vascular plants). Some other former "rhyniophytes", such as Horneophyton and Aglaophyton, are placed outside the tracheophyte clade, as they did not possess true vascular tissue (in particular did not have tracheids). However, both Horneophyton and Aglaophyton have been tentatively classified as tracheophytes in at least one recent cladistic analysis of Early Devonian land plants.

Partial cladogram by Crane et al. including the more certain rhyniophytes:

(See the Polysporangiophyte article for the expanded cladogram.)

Genera
The taxon and informal terms corresponding to it have been used in different ways. Hao and Xue in 2013 circumscribed their Rhyniopsida quite broadly, dividing it into rhynialeans, cooksonioids and renalioids. Genera included by Hao and Xue are listed below, with assignments to their three subgroups where these are given.

 Aberlemnia (renalioids)
 Aglaophyton (rhynialeans)
 Caia
 Cooksonia (cooksonioids + renalioids)
 Culullitheca
 Eogaspesiea (= Eogaspesia) (rhynialeans)
 Eorhynia
 Filiformorama
 Fusitheca (= Fusiformitheca)
 Grisellatheca
 Hsua (=Hsüa) (renalioids)
 Huia
 Huvenia (rhynialeans)
 Junggaria (= Cooksonella, Eocooksonia)
 Pertonella
 Renalia (renalioids)
 Resilitheca
 Rhynia (rhynialeans)
 Salopella (rhynialeans?)
 Sartilmania
 Sennicaulis
 Sporathylacium
 Steganotheca
 Stockmansella (rhynialeans)
 Tarrantia (rhynialeans?)
 Tortilicaulis
 Uskiella (rhynialeans)

It has been suggested that the poorly preserved Eohostimella, found in deposits of Early Silurian age (Llandovery, around ), may also be a rhyniophyte. Others have placed some of these genera in different groups. For example, Tortilicaulis has been considered to be a horneophyte.

Rhynie flora

The general term "rhyniophytes" or "rhyniophytoids" is sometimes used for the assemblage of plants found in the Rhynie chert Lagerstätte - rich fossil beds in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and roughly coeval sites with similar flora. Used in this way, these terms refer to a floristic assemblage of more or less related early land plants, not a taxon. Though the rhyniophytes are well represented, plants with simpler anatomy, like Aglaophyton, are also common; there are also more complex plants, like Asteroxylon, which has a very early form of leaves.

See also
 Polysporangiophytes

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20071028153446/http://www.palaeos.com/Plants/Rhyniophytes/index.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070423195457/http://www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/project/dendrology/index/plantae/vascular/vascular.html
 Cladogram from

Early Devonian plants
Early Devonian first appearances
Early Devonian extinctions

Rhyniophyte


Narada Michael Bernard (born 30 November 1981) is a Jamaican-English former professional footballer, who played as a left-back. Bernard, who was capped for the Jamaica national team, is currently a personal trainer and was recently mentioned on That Peter Crouch Podcast.

Career
Narada Bernard began his career with Tottenham Hotspur before moving, as a trainee, to local rivals Arsenal, turning professional in August 1999. He played alongside Ashley Cole in the reserves for Arsenal, but failed to break into the first team.

He moved to AFC Bournemouth on a free transfer in 2000, signing a two-year contract. His time at Bournemouth was disrupted by injuries and he was released at the end of the 2002–03 season having played 38 first team games. He had an unsuccessful trial with Kidderminster Harriers in July 2003.

Bernard signed for Woking in August 2003, joining Torquay United in November 2003. At Torquay he trained alongside former Arsenal youth team colleagues Lee Canoville and Jo Kuffour, but played only once for the first team (as a late substitute for Canoville in the 1–1 draw at home to York City on 13 December) before being released by Torquay manager Leroy Rosenior in January 2004.

On 2 June 2004 Bernard made his only appearance for Jamaica in a 1–0 defeat against the Republic of Ireland in the Unity Cup at the Valley when he came on as late substitute for Deon Burton.

Bernard joined Welling United in September 2004. He had a further unsuccessful trial with Kidderminster Harriers in December 2004. He moved to Barnet and then to Farnborough Town in January 2005, but played just 4 games before being released in March 2005 when he joined Dover Athletic. He spent August 2005 with Yeading and in December 2005 was playing for Hemel Hempstead Town. In 2006 Bernard was playing for Fisher Athletic, and moved to Rushden & Diamonds in January 2007, before leaving only a few weeks later to join up with ex-Bournemouth colleague Jason Tindall at Weymouth. He signed a new one-year deal at Weymouth at the start of July 2007.

In February 2008 Bernard joined Maidenhead United.

In January 2009 Bernard joined Hertfordshire club Bishop's Stortford on a one-month loan deal. The move was made permanent later that month.  In August 2009 he signed for Isthmian League Premier Division Margate, making his debut at home to Dartford on 18th of that month.

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Black British sportsmen
Jamaican men's footballers
English men's footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
AFC Bournemouth players
Woking F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Welling United F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Farnborough F.C. players
Yeading F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Fisher Athletic F.C. players
Margate F.C. players
Jamaica men's international footballers
Footballers from Bristol
Men's association football defenders
English people of Jamaican descent

Narada Bernard


Midland Empire Packing Company v. Commissioner, 14 T.C. 635 (1950), was a case in which the United States Tax Court ruled that Midland Empire Packing Company was permitted to deduct the costs of lining its basement walls and floor. The costs were held to be repairs, and thus deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense under section 162(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Facts
The petitioner, Midland Empire Packing Company (Midland), was the owner of a meat-packing plant in the State of Montana.

The basement rooms of Midland's plant were used for the curing of hams and bacon and for the storage of meat and hides. The original concrete walls and floors were not sealed against water. When the water in the nearby Yellowstone River was high, the underground water caused increase seepage in the plant.

Also near the plant was an oil refinery owned by The Yale Oil Corporation. In 1943 Midland discovered that oil from the  refinery was seeping into Midland's water wells and the basement.  The oil emitted a strong odor and created a fire hazard.  Federal meat inspectors advised Midland that their options were to oilproof the basement and discontinue the use of the water wells, or shut down the plant.

Midland had the basement walls sealed by independent contractors in the fiscal year ended November 30, 1943, at a cost of $4,868.81. The petitioner paid for the work during that year.

On its tax returns for 1943, Midland deducted the $4,868.81 amount it paid for repairs on the theory, inter alia, it was an ordinary and necessary business expense under section 23(a) [now 162(a)] of the Internal Revenue Code.

The Internal Revenue Commissioner concluded that the cost of oilproofing was a non-deductible capital improvement to the business and should be recovered through depreciation charges.

The petitioner challenged the Commissioner's finding in The United States Tax Court.

Opinion of the Court
In an opinion by Judge Arundell, the U.S. Tax Court held that the expenditure of $4,868.81 for lining the basement walls and floor was a repair and therefore was deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense.

In the opinion, Arundell pointed out that Midland made the repairs in question in order that it might continue to operate its plant. Not only was there danger of fire from the oil and fumes, but the presence of the oil led the Federal meat inspectors to declare the basement an unsuitable place for the purpose for which it had been used for a quarter of a century. The expenditure served only to permit petitioner to continue the use of the plant, and particularly the basement, for its normal operations.

Deductible Expense vs. Capital Improvement

The IRS, courts, and taxpayers have historically found it difficult to draw a discernible line between those costs which constitute deductible ordinary and necessary expenses and which expenditures must be capitalized instead of deducted.  The court cited Illinois Merchants Trust Co., Executor, where it found that a "repair is an expenditure for the purpose of keeping the property in an ordinarily efficient operating condition.  It does not add to the value of the property nor does it appreciably prolong its life." On the other hand, depreciable capital expenditures are those "for replacements, alterations, improvements, or additions which prolong the life of the property, increase its value, or make it adaptable to a different use."

The court found that Midland's expenditures made to oil-proof the basement were deductible ordinary and necessary expenses.  Critical to the decision was the fact that "[a]fter the expenditures were made, the plant did not operate on a changed or larger scale, nor was it thereafter suitable for new or additional uses." Instead, the oil-proofing merely allowed Midland to continue its original operations.

Expenditure was Necessary

The Commissioner conceded that the expenditures were "necessary" within the meaning of 23(a).

Expenditure was Ordinary

The Commissioner argued that the expenditure was not "ordinary" within the meaning of section 23(a).

Judge Arundell, in rejecting this argument, quoted Welch v. Helvering, noting that "ordinary in this context does not mean that the payments must be habitual or normal in the sense that the same taxpayer will have to make them often. The expense is an ordinary one because we know from experience that payments for such a purpose, whether the amount is large or small, are the common and accepted means of defense against attack". The situation may be unique to the individual affected, but it may not be unique to the life of the group, the community, of which he is a part.

Thus, in Arundell's view, even if the basement sealing expense was not ordinary in the sense that it was unique expense in the life of Midland as an individual, it still could be "ordinary" within the meaning of 23(a) because taking steps to protect a business from the seepage of oil to protect one's property was a common, normal thing for businesses to do in general.

References

External links

United States Tax Court cases
United States taxation and revenue case law
1950 in United States case law

Midland Empire Packing Co. v. Commissioner


The Wahrenberger House is located two blocks from the Texas Capitol, at 208 W. 14th Street, in Austin, Travis County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The home was built between 1867 and 1868 by Friedrich Huster and sold to Charles Klein after completion. The house is named for Klein's daughter Caroline Wahrenberger, who was deeded the house in 1882. Since it was built, the house has served as a residence for several generations of the Klein–Wahrenberger family, and was the location for two German–American schools. At different times, both Pat Morris Neff and Sam Rayburn lived in the residence when Mrs. Wahrenberger ran it as a boarding house. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Travis County, Texas in 1978, and was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1972.

Architecture
Originally a two-story limestone residence when it was built in 1867–68, this house erected by Friedrich Huster has undergone a few changes. Both the main unit, as well as its separate one-story kitchen facility, were topped with a gabled roof. When Charles Klein acquired the residence, he added a second story and a one-story front porch. In 1916, a two–story gallery that had been added in 1887, was removed in favor of a two–story portico with columns. Later changes covered the limestone walls with stucco, in all but the north section of the house. 1946 was the last year the house served as a private residence.

Leased property
Klein, and later his daughter, operated the house as a lease property. The German–American Ladies College was operated in the house 1874–1879, under the management of Natalie von Schenck and Alice Nohl.

In 1880, Klein leased the premises to Jacob Bickler, founder of the Texas German and English Academy. Bicker was the nephew of educator Philip Bickler who ran the Bickler German–English Academy in Austin. Jacob Bickler began the Texas German and English Academy in 1876, and in 1880 began operating the academy out of the Wahrenberger House.  He later moved the academy to the larger Texas Military Institute Castle in Austin, but Bickler himself retained the lease on the house until 1886. On November 9, 1881, the old Texas Capitol was destroyed by fire. Due to their close proximity to the capitol building, Bickler and his students responded to the fire by rescuing many of the historical records housed in the Capitol.

Bickler was still leasing the property in 1882 when Klein deeded it over to his daughter Caroline Wahrenberger.  Her husband, local businessman John Wahrenberger, died in 1864, leaving Caroline with four children to support.  After the Bickler lease ended, Wahrenberger lived in the residence and ran it as a boarding house. Notable among the boarders were future Texas governor  Pat Morris Neff and future Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Sam Rayburn. At the time, Rayburn was a student at the University of Texas Law School. After Caroline Wahrenberger died in 1916, her daughters Mary and Josephine inherited the property. They, in turn, passed the property to their heirs. In 1946, the house became a business property.

References

Houses in Austin, Texas
German-American culture in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Austin, Texas

Wahrenberger House


Milan Vidmar (22 June 1885 – 9 October 1962) was a Slovenian electrical engineer, chess player, chess theorist, and writer. He was among the top dozen chess players in the world from 1910 to 1930 and in 1950, was among the inaugural recipients of the title International Grandmaster from FIDE. Vidmar was a specialist in power transformers and transmission of electric current.

Early life, family, and education
He was born in a middle-class family in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now in Slovenia). He began to study mechanical engineering in 1902, and he graduated in 1907 at the University of Vienna. He got his doctor's degree in 1911 from the Technical faculty in Vienna. The study of electrical engineering at the Technical faculty did not begin until 1904, so Vidmar had to take special examinations in the field basics.

Between 1912 and 1913 he worked at the famous Ganz Works in Budapest as the assistant of Ottó Titusz Bláthy, one of the inventors and foremost experts on transformers which in turn became Vidmar's specialisation too.

He was a professor at the University of Ljubljana, a member of the Slovene Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the founder of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering. Between 1928 and 1929 he was the 10th chancellor of the University of Ljubljana. In 1948 he established the Institute of Electrotechnics that now bears his name.

Chess career
Vidmar was also a top-class chess player, probably one of the best dozen players in the world from 1910 to 1930, all the while remaining an amateur. He was awarded the Grandmaster title by FIDE in 1950, when titles were introduced.

His successes include high places at some of the top chess tournaments of his time, e.g. sixth at Carlsbad 1907, third at Prague 1908, first at Gothenburg 1909 (the 7th Nordic Chess Championship), second at San Sebastián 1911 with Akiba Rubinstein behind José Raúl Capablanca, first at Budapest 1912, second at Mannheim 1914, first at Vienna and Berlin in 1918, second at Košice 1928, third at London 1922, shared first with Alexander Alekhine at Hastings 1925/26, third at Semmering 1926, fourth at New York 1927, fourth at London 1927, shared fifth at Carlsbad 1929, tied for 4–7th at Bled 1931, tied for 3–6th at Stuttgart 1939, second behind Max Euwe at Budapest 1940, first at Basel 1952.

Vidmar represented Yugoslavia in the Chess Olympiads of Prague 1931 (, 8½/16) and Stockholm 1935 (board one, 8½/14).

Vidmar became an arbiter, earning the title of International Arbiter from FIDE, and was chief referee for the 1948 World Chess Championship in The Hague/Moscow.

Major writings
Books on chess:
 Pol stoletja ob šahovnici (Half a century at the chessboard) (Ljubljana 1951)
 Šah (Chess)
 Razgovori o šahu z začetnikom (Conversations on chess with a beginner)
 in German, Goldene Schachzeiten (The Golden Times of Chess)
Others:
 Transformatorji (Transformers)
 Problemi prenosa električne energije (Problems of electric energy transmission)
 Pogovori o elektrotehniki (Talking about electrotechnics)
 Med Evropo in Ameriko (Between Europe and America)
 augmented edition in German, Das Ende des Goldzeitalters (Berlin, 1942)
 Moj pogled na svet (My view of the World)
 Oslovski most (Pons asinorum) (Merkur, Ljubljana 1936)

Family
His younger brother, Josip Vidmar, was an influential Slovenian literary critic and public intellectual; his son, Milan Vidmar, Jr. was an International Master of chess.

Tributes
The Slovene Chess Federation organizes an international grandmaster tournament named the Milan Vidmar memorial.

References

External links

1885 births
1962 deaths
Engineers from Ljubljana
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Slovenian chess players
Yugoslav chess players
20th-century Slovenian philosophers
Slovenian writers
Chess writers
Chess arbiters
Slovenian electrical engineers
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Burials at Žale
Yugoslav engineers
Engineers from Austria-Hungary

Milan Vidmar


Cut Carefully and Play Loud is an EP by American punk rock band Rocket from the Crypt, released in 1999 by Flapping Jet Records. It was the band's last recording with drummer Atom, who left the group shortly thereafter due to disagreements over the professional direction of the band.

The EP was recorded by friend of the band Gar Wood in his garage. It has unusual packaging; the die cut cardboard sleeve has a large flower-shaped sticker placed over the center hole, making it necessary to cut the sticker around the center hole in order to remove the record from the sleeve. This causes the cut-out portion of the sticker to then become the center label of the record. The warning "cut carefully and play loud" is printed along the edge of the area to be cut, since cutting the sticker poses the risk of scratching the record. This warning became the de facto title of the EP. Because of the unusual packaging the records all had to be hand-assembled by the band and friends. The EP was released in 12" vinyl format limited to 3,000 copies, with the first 100 copies pressed on translucent blue vinyl. The original EP is out of print, however all the songs were re-released on CD format on the compilation album Hot Charity/Cut Carefully and Play Loud in 2002.

In the insert notes of the CD re-release, singer/guitarist John Reis describes Cut Carefully and Play Loud as "a snapshot of a band in hell." After the band ended their contract with major label Interscope Records they spent much of 1999 uncertain of their future or what their next move would be. They were not as prolific as they had been in past years, but still would rehearse and record roughly 3 times per week. Of the songs recorded during this period the band contributed what they felt were the best to the EP. It was due to this period of uncertainty as well as disagreements with Reis over the band's career decisions that drummer Atom left the group in early 2000.

Track listing
Side 1
"If the Bird Could Fly"
"Blood Robots"
"Waste It"
Side 2
"Hot Wired"
"Who Let the Snakes In??"

Performers
Speedo (John Reis) - guitar, lead vocals
ND (Andy Stamets) - guitar, backing vocals
Petey X (Pete Reichert) - bass, backing vocals
Apollo 9 (Paul O'Beirne) - saxophone, percussion, backing vocals
JC 2000 (Jason Crane) - trumpet, percussion, backing vocals
Atom (Adam Willard) - drums

Album information
Record label: Flapping Jet Records
Produced by John Reis
Recorded by Gar Wood at Box Studios in San Diego

References

1999 EPs
Rocket from the Crypt albums

Cut Carefully and Play Loud


Satava is a large island in the Archipelago Sea, off the coast of the city of Turku, Finland. The island is located between Hirvensalo and Kakskerta, and as with many Finnish islands, it has a large amount of summer residences. Satava is also a district of Turku, encompassing the island itself and some surrounding smaller islands, such as Kulho and Järvistensaari.

The current () population of the district is 781, and it is increasing at an annual rate of 2.22%. 18.43% of the population are under 15 years old, while 15.75% are over 65. The district's linguistic makeup is 94.49% Finnish, 4.61% Swedish, and 0.90% other.

Satava was annexed to Turku in 1968 as a part of Kakskerta municipality.

See also
 Districts of Turku
 Districts of Turku by population

Districts of Turku
Finnish islands in the Baltic
Landforms of Southwest Finland

Satava


The State University of New York Upstate Medical University is a public medical school in the city of Syracuse, New York, USA. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. Upstate's main departments includes the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, College of Health Professions and College of Graduate Studies.

It is one of only 140 academic medical centers in the USA and takes care of 1.8 million people yearly. 10,959 people work at Upstate and it creates more than $2.5 billion in impact. Upstate is Central New York's largest employer.

History
The present-day university's earliest predecessor was Geneva Medical College founded 1834 as part of Geneva College, today known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. The new medical college was located in Geneva, New York, and became the first college to grant a full M.D. to a woman, Elizabeth Blackwell in 1849. In 1871, the college was disbanded and its assets donated to the recently-founded Syracuse University, which subsequently founded a medical college.

In 1950, Syracuse University transferred the college to the State University of New York (SUNY). It has been owned by SUNY since then. At first the school was named "SUNY Upstate Medical Center"  and  later named "SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse" in 1986. The current name was adopted in 1999.

A clinical campus in Binghamton, New York for third and fourth year medical students was established in 1979.

A plaque in the lobby of Weiskotten Hall aptly describes one of the institution's driving philosophies:
"Dedicated to all those of scientific and technological mind who purpose to serve humanity."

Campus
The university's main campus is located in downtown Syracuse, New York flanking Interstate 81. It includes the University Hospital, the Institute for Human Performance, Setnor Academic Building, Central New York Gamma Knife Center, Jacobsen Hall, Regional Oncology Center, Upstate Golisano Children's Hospital, Weiskotten Hall (which includes the Health Sciences Library), and Clark Tower dormitory for 170 students.

A clinical campus in Binghamton, New York teaches third and fourth year medical students. Some students spend their first two years of medical school in Syracuse, New York and then complete their training in Binghamton. Other students stay in Syracuse for all four years.

Organization
The College of Medicine is one of the oldest medical schools in New York. It has the highest percentage of non-white students of any medical school in the state. More physicians practicing in Central New York received their training at Upstate than at any other medical school. Upstate also ranks eighth nationally for the number of graduates who are on the faculty of a academic medical center in the United States.

The Colleges of Nursing and Health Related Professions also important to Central New York. The College of Nursing is the only nursing school in New York to offer graduate programs in all major tracks: nurse practitioner, clinical nurse specialist, nurse midwifery, and nurse anesthesia. Approximately three-fourths of its students are minorities.

The College of Health Related Professions is the gateway for students seeking to enter some of the most competitive and highly paid careers in healthcare today: physician assistant, physical and occupational therapy, medical informatics, diagnostic medical imaging, and midwifery. The college is particularly proud of its historic claim to having the oldest midwifery program in the nation.

The School of Graduate Studies is known for its excellence in basic science education and research. Students have the opportunity to work side by side with many of the top neuroscientists and basic researchers in the country.

The university operates the Southern Tier Center on Aging in conjunction with the SUNY Binghamton. The Center develops, implements and evaluates new interventions and models of service delivery geared to enhancing quality of life of older adults and their caregivers.

The current president is Mantosh Dewan, MD.

Notable alums and professors
 Robert B. Barlow, Ph.D. - Professor of Ophthalmology, Director of Center for Vision Research
 Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D. - First woman in the United States to be awarded the degree of Medical Doctor.  Founder of The New York Infirmary, now The New York Downtown Hospital.
 Joe Dervay, M.D. - NASA Flight Surgeon
 Maxwell Mozell, Ph.D. - Distinguished Service Professor of Clinical Olfactory Research Institute and Chemosensory
 Frederick Parker, M.D. - Professor of Cardiac Surgery, Chairman of the Department of Surgery
 Robert Rohner, M.D. - Professor of Pathology, Philip Armstrong Award Winner
 David P. Schenkein, M.D. - Senior Vice President Clinical Hematology/Oncology at Genentech Inc. (San Francisco, CA); Former Senior Vice President of Oncology Clinical Development at Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc. and developer of cancer drug Velcade
 Elinor Spring-Mills, Ph.D - Distinguished Service Professor of Anatomy and Cell Biology
 Thomas Szasz - Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry
 Irwin M. Weiner, M.D. - Professor of Renal Physiology, architect of the SUNY Graduate Research Initiative
 William J. Williams, M.D. - Professor of Clinical Medicine, author of the Williams Manual of Hematology

References

Further reading

Other websites
Official website
campus map

Syracuse, New York
1834 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in New York (state)
Medical education in the United States
State University of New York


Alumni (: alumnus () or alumna ()) are former students or graduates of a school, college, or university, . The feminine plural alumnae is sometimes used for groups of women. The word is Latin and means "one who is being (or has been) nourished". The term is not synonymous with "graduate"; one can be an alumnus without graduating (Burt Reynolds, alumnus but not graduate of Florida State University, is an example). The term is sometimes used to refer to a former employee or member of an organization, contributor, or inmate.

Etymology
The Latin noun alumnus means "foster son" or "pupil". It is derived from PIE *h₂el- (grow, nourish), and it is a variant of the Latin verb alere "to nourish". Separate, but from the same root, is the adjective almus "nourishing", found in the phrase Alma Mater, a title for a person's home university.

In Latin, alumnus is a legal term (Roman law) to describe a child placed in fosterage. According to John Boswell, the word "is nowhere defined in relation to status, privilege, or obligation." Citing the research of Henri Leclercq, Teresa Nani, and Beryl Rawson, who studied the many inscriptions about alumni, Boswell concluded that it referred to exposed children who were taken into a household where they were "regarded as somewhere between an heir and a slave, partaking in different ways of both categories." Despite the warmth of feelings between the parent and child, "an alumnus might be treated both as a beloved child and as a household servant."

Usage
An alumnus or alumna is a former student or a graduate of an educational institution (school, college, university). According to the United States Department of Education, the term alumnae is used in conjunction with either women's colleges or a female group of students. The term alumni is used in conjunction with either men's colleges, a male group of students, or a mixed group of students:

In accordance with the rules of grammar governing the inflexion of nouns in the Romance languages, the masculine plural alumni is correctly used for groups composed of both sexes: the alumni of Princeton University.

The term is sometimes informally shortened to "alum" (optional plural "alums").

Many universities have alumni offices that coordinate fundraising and offer benefits to registered alumni. Alumni reunions are popular events at many institutions. These may be organized by alumni offices or by alumni associations, and are often social occasions for fundraising. Full membership of alumni associations is sometimes limited just to graduates rather than all alumni, e.g. at Harvard University.

In British English, the terms "old boy" or "old girl" are often preferred for a former pupil of a primary or secondary school, while universities refer to their former students as alumni.

Some universities, including the University of Cambridge, the University of California, San Francisco and Yale University, include former postdoctoral researchers as alumni, in recognition of the trainee status of such positions. Others, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, consider them 'associate alumni', without full access to alumni benefits.

See also
 :Category:Alumni by educational institution
 Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900
 Alumni Oxonienses: The Members of the University of Oxford

References

Bibliography

External links

Academic terminology

Alumni


Max Harmonist (Berlin, 10 February 1864 – 16 October 1907) was a leading German chess master. He was probably the only famous chess player to have been by profession a ballet dancer. He often performed in the royal ballet.

He became famous after winning a game at Frankfurt 1887 against Isidor Gunsberg, widely regarded as one of the strongest masters of that period. In the same tournament he also beat Joseph Blackburne (who placed 2nd) and Emil Schallopp.

In tournaments, he was 1st–4th at Berlin 1883, took 3rd at Berlin 1883, won at Hamburg 1885 (Hauptturnier), won at Berlin 1887, took 21st at Frankfurt 1887, tied for 4–5th at Berlin 1888, tied for 4–5th at Nuremberg 1888, tied for 15–16th at Breslau 1889, and tied for 5–8th at Berlin 1890.

External links

1864 births
1907 deaths
German chess players
19th-century chess players

Max Harmonist


Joliet Correctional Center (originally known as Illinois State Penitentiary, colloquially as Joliet Prison, Joliet Penitentiary, the Old Joliet Prison, and the Collins Street Prison) was a prison in Joliet, Illinois, United States, from 1858 to 2002. It is featured in the motion picture The Blues Brothers as the prison from which Jake Blues is released at the beginning of the movie (hence his nickname Joliet Jake). It is also used for the exterior shots of the Illinois "state prison" in the James Cagney film White Heat, and the location for first season of Fox Network's Prison Break television show, and the movie Let's Go to Prison.  In 2018, it opened for tours.

History

Joliet Correctional Center, which was a completely separate prison from Stateville Correctional Center in nearby Crest Hill, opened in 1858. The prison was built with convict labor leased by the state to contractor Lorenzo P. Sanger and warden Samuel K. Casey. The limestone used to build the prison was quarried on the site. The first 33 inmates arrived from Alton in May 1858 to begin construction; the last prisoners were transferred in July 1860. Both criminals and prisoners of war were confined there during the Civil War. The first corrections officer to be killed there was Joseph Clark in 1865. By 1872 the population had reached 1,239, a record number for a single prison. From the 1870s the prison had work contracts with local businesses.

The penitentiary's original plans included a one-hundred cell "Female Cell House" located inside the male penitentiary. Female prisoners were housed adjacent to men's cells from 1859 until 1870, when they were moved to the fourth floor of the central administration building. In 1896 a separate, one-hundred cellblock "Joliet Women's Prison" was built across the street from the male penitentiary. In design it was an exact mini-replica of the male prison. In 1933 all female prisoners were moved to the Oakdale Women's Reformatory (later known as Dwight Correctional Center) and the facility was used for male prisoners. The women's prison was converted into secondary facility to house male prisoners, making Joliet Prison an all-male prison.

The prison was slow to modernize. There was no running water or toilets in the cells in 1910. The construction of the nearby Stateville Correctional Center began in 1917 and opened in March 1925 was meant to lead to the swift closure of Joliet. This did not happen, and both prisons operated simultaneously for the rest of the 20th Century.

In 1924, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb were given life sentences to be served at Joliet (after their successful defense—from the death penalty—by Clarence Darrow). Their case was known as "the crime of the century" at the time after kidnapping and murdering Robert Franks. The duo went on to revamp the prison's educational system, adding a high school curriculum to help inmates who are seeking for a tertiary education.

In 1933 Lester Joseph Gillis (Baby Face Nelson) was released from Joliet Prison, and a mock-up of the foyer is shown in the 1957 movie, "Baby Face Nelson" where Gillis (played by Mickey Rooney) is seen both entering and leaving the facility with a suitcase in his hand. The name of the prison can be seen in his exit sequence.

From at least the early 1960s, the prison included a reception and classification center for northern Illinois, holding new prisoners for less than a month before their final assignments and processing over 20,000 a year. In addition to the prisoners temporarily held in the R&C unit, Joliet maintained a large population of permanent inmates.

In the late 1960's quasi-ethical hepatitis experiments at Willowbrook State School on developmentally disabled children became controversial. When these were discontinued, the US Army recruited "volunteers" at Joliet to continue the experiments. In reality, the "volunteers" were Vietnam-draft conscientious objectors, who agreed to drink feces-laden chocolate milkshakes and exposed to the feces of other inmates in an effort to mass-produce and isolate the virus that caused Hepatitis A. The Army was especially interested in Hepatitis A because it was a classic disease of overcrowding and unsanitary conditions common in prisons and military camps.

In 1975, members of the Almighty Black P. Stone Nation and other Chicago street gangs took over a cell block and held several corrections officers hostage. The warden at the time, Fred L. Finkbeiner, spoke to the inmates through a bullhorn and promised they would not be harmed. Their primary grievance was the fact that they were being transferred to other prisons because they had too much control over other inmates at Joliet. One former gang member, Herbert "Cadillac" Catlett, had reformed and been cooperating with the administration to bring about positive change. He tried to reason with the rioting inmates and was murdered. Warden Finkbeiner was standing in Catlett's blood as he spoke to the inmates, and the hostage situation was resolved. The warden later eulogized Catlett at an African-American church in Chicago Heights.

The number of inmates peaked at 1,300 in 1990 and was still 1,156 in 2000, although capacity had been raised to 1,300 over 1999–2000, from 1,180 previously. In 2000 there were 541 staff.

Closure
Joliet Correctional Center closed as a holding prison in 2002. Budget cuts and the obsolete and dangerous nature of the buildings were the cited reasons. All inmates and most staff were transferred to Stateville Correctional Center.

 the Joliet Area Historical Museum is running tours of the penitentiary for Route 66 travelers and other interested parties. Different tours are being offered: History, photography/tripod friendly and private tours.  The facility was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2023.

On May 30, 2017, one of the buildings (the mattress factory) in Joliet Correctional Center was heavily damaged by fire, the cause of which was later determined to be arson. This is the third building to be severely damaged or destroyed by fire at the facility.

Media

Poetry
Joliet is referred to in Edgar Lee Masters's poem "Silas Dement", part of the Spoon River Anthology:
When I came back from Joliet
There was a new court house with a dome.
For I was punished like all who destroy
The past for the sake of the future.

Fiction
In the Commitment Arc of The Adventure Zone one of the characters suggests "going to Joliet".

Mentioned in Kerouac's On the Road: "To get out of the impossible complexities of Chicago traffic I took a bus to Joliet, Illinois, went by the Joliet pen, stationed myself just outside town after a walk through its leafy rickety streets behind, and pointed my way."

Non Fiction
In chapter 31 of The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream by Dean Jobb, in reference to inmate Thomas Neill Cream, admitted November 1881.

Music
Memphis Minnie recorded the song "Joliet Bound" with Kansas Joe McCoy in 1932, which was most likely derived from the same source as Noah Lee's "Viola Lee Blues". Perhaps the most well-known version of the tune was by Rory Block on When a Woman Gets the Blues.

Bob Dylan's "Percy's Song" tells the story of the singer's attempt to have a friend's ninety-nine year sentence in Joliet Prison commuted. The song, an outtake from the sessions that produced Dylan's album The Times They Are a-Changin', has been covered by Fairport Convention and Arlo Guthrie.

The Henningsens wrote and recorded the song "Gun", which mentions Joliet – "I'm singing solo in my cell in Joliet".

Folk singer Steve Goodman recorded the song "Lincoln Park Pirates" concerning an auto towing company of Chicago. The song includes the lyrics "Our drivers are friendly and courteous/ Their good manners you always will get/ 'Cause they all are recent graduates/ Of the charm school in Joliet".

Television and film
Joliet Prison was featured in the 1980 John Landis film The Blues Brothers both as a filming location and as the namesake for "Joliet" Jake Blues (John Belushi).

 1949 -- White Heat (exteriors)
1966 – Get Smart, season 2 episode 14 ("The Whole Tooth and..."). As part of a mission, secret agent Maxwell Smart (Don Adams) deliberately gets himself arrested and sent to the prison so he can make contact with an inmate there.
 1973 – Charley Varrick, When Tom (from Tom's Gun Shop) asks where he is supposed to know Al Dutcher from, Charley (Walter Matthau) replies, "From Joliet. He was doing a 10-year slide for murder two. His girlfriend. Armenian girl."
 1980 – The Blues Brothers, In the opening of the 1980 movie: Elwood Blues (Dan Aykroyd) is seen picking up Jake Blues (John Belushi) upon his release from Joliet prison.
 1981 – Thief, James Caan's character tells Tuesday Weld's that he spent eleven years in Joliet.
 1986 - Running Scared, It is mentioned crime boss Julio Gonzales was released from Joliet.
 1988 – Red Heat, a 1988 film which starred Arnold Schwarzenegger and James Belushi
 1994 – Saturday Night Live, a skit concerning prison life with Chris Farley and Martin Lawrence.
 1999 – the Columbia TriStar show Early Edition, season 3 episode 13 ("The Last Untouchable").  Fictional mobster Antonio Birelli played by Ernest Borgnine is released from the prison.

Since its closure, Joliet Prison has been used much more as a set for various film and television projects.
 2005 - Some characters from Saw II were ex-Joliet Prison inmates.
 2005 – Derailed, a 2005 film which starred Clive Owen and Jennifer Aniston
 2005–06 – the Fox Network shot the first season of its show Prison Break on location in the old facility. This prison was known as Fox River State Penitentiary on the show
 2006 – Let's Go to Prison, a 2006 film which starred Dax Shepard and Will Arnett.
 2007 – the Fox Network show Bones, season 2 episode 12 ("The man in the cell"). The prison where serial killer Howard Epps was held was known as 'Bay View Federal Penitentiary' on the show
 2009 – Warehouse 13: Season 1, Episode 9 – A brief, exterior video shot of Joliet Prison's administrative building is shown to represent the fictional "Riverton Penitentiary" in Florida, where the plot of this episode takes place.  From Amazon Prime Video's episode synopsis:       "When Artie (Saul Rubinek) receives word of a rash of unexplained suicides at a Florida prison, Pete (Eddie McClintock) and Myka (Joanne Kelly) are sent to investigate..."    An IMDB synopsis reads:   "A prison, a new warden, and a charismatic preacher inmate who may have an artifact that seems related to a string of prisoner suicides accompanied by hallucinations. Pete and Myka search for the artifact as an approaching tropical storm accentuates its influence, but get caught up in the mayhem".
 2011 – Breakout Kings on A&E featured T-Bag from Prison Break escaping from Fox River, again.
 2011 - The Mentalist - Season 3, Episode 21 (2011) - As Carson State Prison
 2015 – Briefly featured in Flash season 2 "family of rogues" as Iron Heights prison.
 2017 – Features in Season 1 Episode 9 of Netflix's Mindhunter as it held the serial killer Richard Speck.  The actual prison itself was not featured in the filming of the episode, however.
 2019 – Old Joliet Prison was featured as a haunted location in an episode of Ghost Adventures titled "Serial Killer Spirits: John Gacy Prison".
 The Travel Channel's television show Destination Fear filmed at the location for the tenth episode of their second season.

See also

 List of Illinois state prisons
 Fox River State Penitentiary

References

External links

 "Joliet Correctional Center" Illinois Department of Corrections (Archive)
 Joliet Prison at Google Maps
  Information on Joliet Prison at the bottom of the page.

1858 establishments in Illinois
2002 disestablishments in Illinois
Defunct prisons in Illinois
Landmarks in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Joliet, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Will County, Illinois

Joliet Correctional Center


The Military Operations Research Society (MORS) is a society for professionals active within defense applications of operations research (OR) in the United States. Memberships include analysts, researchers, consultants and officers in the United States Department of Defense, organizations within the military of the United States, various think tanks, academic institutions and consultancy firms.

The Military Operations Research Society arranges symposia and courses, it also publishes books, a quarterly bulletin called Phalanx, and a peer reviewed journal called Military Operations Research. Participation in MORS activities generally requires a United States security clearance. MORS is headquartered in Alexandria, Virginia.

The MORS has served the Department of Defense analytic community for over forty years and now also includes other aspects of national security for the United States federal government. Under the sponsorship of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff and the Department of Homeland Security, the objective of MORS is to enhance the quality and effectiveness of operations research as applied to national security issues.

MORS vision is to "become the recognized leader in advancing the national security analytic community through the advancement and application of the interdisciplinary field of Operations Research to national security issues, being responsive to our constituents, enabling collaboration and development opportunities, and expanding our membership and disciplines, while maintaining our profession's heritage." This vision encompasses all aspects of national security including not only the military, but also Homeland Security and the other agencies of government – including the US and its allies.

Members of the Society include a cross section of the defense analysts, operators and managers from government, industry and academia. Their involvement fosters professional interchange within the military operations research community, the sharing of insights and information on challenging national security issues and specific support to decision makers in the many organizations and agencies that address national defense. MORS provides an array of meetings and publications. In particular, the Society provides a unique environment in which classified presentations and discussions can take place with joint service participation and peer criticism from the full range of students, theoreticians, practitioners and users of military analysis. Throughout its activities, the Society promotes professional methodology, individual excellence and ethical conduct.

History
Before and during World War II, OR was an area of military analysis, so original membership of the Operations Research Society of America (ORSA), founded in 1952, included many practitioners within military OR. Gradually, the scope of ORSA became wider, but still includes a Military Applications Society.

In August 1957, the first Military Operations Research Symposium ("MORS") was held in California under the sponsorship of the Office of Naval Research in Pasadena and initially were gatherings of the military OR community on the west coast of the United States.

In 1962 these symposia had become national and joint in focus. In April 1966, the Military Operations Research Society was incorporated in order to handle these symposia, and in 1989 MORS was adopted as the acronym of the society while the symposia were called MORSS.

The First Military Operations Research Symposium (MORS), sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) – Pasadena, was held at Corona Naval Ordnance Lab, Corona, California in August 1957. The subject was Air Defense; 83 scientists attended. This and subsequent early meetings were oriented to fulfill the needs of the Operations Research Community on the West Coast. Starting with the Eighth MORS the Symposia became nationally oriented, joint-service meetings. The first national Symposium was the Ninth MORS held at Fort Monroe, Virginia in April 1962. From the First through the 10th MORS there was no formal organization to stage the meetings. They were conducted by ONR – Pasadena with the help of a volunteer steering committee.

Beginning with the 11th MORS, ONR – Washington assumed their supervision and hired a contractor to perform the work in cooperation with a volunteer executive committee. This arrangement continued until April 1966 at which time the Military Operations Research Society was incorporated. In 1989, the symposia became the Military Operations Research Society Symposia (MORSS) and MORS became the acronym for the Society.

During its over forty years, MORS has expanded its services. In addition to conducting the classified Symposium, MORS holds several other special meetings and workshop annually. The Society also publishes abstracts, monographs, brochures, a quarterly bulletin – PHALANX and a refereed journal – Military Operations Research, for professional exchange and peer criticism among students, theoreticians, practitioners and users of military operations research.

Since its incorporation in 1966, MORS has been led by a Board of Directors.  This consists of 28 voting members and two non-voting members – the Chief Executive Officer and the Immediate Past President.  The Board is also led by an Executive Council consisting of The President, the President-Elect, the Immediate Past President, the Vice President for Financial Management, the Vice President for Societal Services, the Vice President for Member Services, the Secretary of the Society and the Chief Executive Officer.

MORS also makes unclassified documents and information available. The Military Operations Research Society is a professional Society incorporated under the laws of Virginia. The Society does not make or advocate official policy nor does it attempt to influence the formulation of policy. Matters discussed or statements made in the course of MORS symposia or printed in its publications represent the opinions of the authors and not of the Society.

Military Operations Research Society Symposium

See also
I/ITSEC
Journal of the Military Operations Research Society of Korea
Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization

References

External links
MORS website
MORS Completed Events

Operations research societies
United States Department of Defense
Military simulation

Military Operations Research Society


The Moshavei Yahdav (, lit. the Together Moshavim) is a group of three moshavim located in the north-western Negev desert between Netivot and Ofakim and under the jurisdiction of Bnei Shimon Regional Council. They are:
Brosh (lit. "Cypress")
Ta'ashur (lit. "Larch")
Tidhar (lit. "Plane tree")

The three moshavim were all established in 1953 by Moroccan immigrants and refugees who were members of the Bnei Moshavim movement. They are all named after a passage from the Book of Isaiah, specifically Isaiah 41:19:
I will plant in the wilderness the cedar, the acacia-tree, and the myrtle, and the oil-tree; I will set in the desert the cypress, the plane-tree, and the larch together;

As the end, the passage describes the three trees set in the desert "together", from which the group takes its name.

References

Negev
Moshavim

Moshavei Yahdav