Pussy is a term used as a noun, an adjective, and—in rare instances—a verb in the English language. It has several meanings, as slang, as euphemism, and as vulgarity. The most common as a noun, it means "cat", as well as "coward or weakling". In slang usage, it can mean "vulva or vagina" and less commonly, as a form of synecdoche, meaning "sexual intercourse with a woman". Because of its multiple senses including both innocent and vulgar connotations, pussy is often the subject of double entendre.

The etymology of the word is not clear. Several different senses of the word have different histories or origins. The earliest records of pussy are in the 19th century, meaning something fluffy.

Etymology
The noun pussy meaning "cat" comes from the Modern English word puss, a conventional name or term of address for a pet cat. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) says that cognates are common to several Germanic languages, including Dutch poes and Middle Low German pūse, which are also used to call a cat. The word puss is attested in English as early as 1533. Earlier etymology is uncertain, but similar words exist in other European languages, including Lithuanian puižė and Irish puisín, both traditional calls to attract a cat.

The words puss and derived forms pussy and pusscat were extended to refer to girls or women by the seventeenth century. This sense of pussy was used to refer specifically to genitalia by the eighteenth century, and from there further extended to refer to sexual intercourse involving a woman by the twentieth century.

Noah Webster, in his original 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language, defined pussy as: "inflated, swelled; hence, fat, short and thick; and as persons of this make labor in respiration, the word is used for short breathed". He gave pursy as a "corrupt orthography" or misspelling of pussy. In 1913, however, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary reversed the original, suggesting that pussy was a "colloquial or low" variant of pursy. That word, in turn, was defined as "fat and short-breathed", with etymology from Old French pousser "to push". In the Northern English variant of British English, the  dialect form pursy, now rare or obsolete, means "fat" or "short-winded".

The Webster's Third International Dictionary points out similarities between pussy in the sense of "vulva" and Low German or Scandinavian words meaning "pocket" or "purse", including Old Norse pūss and Old English pusa.

The medieval French word pucelle, meaning "maiden" or "virgin", is not related to the English word. It is attested in Old French from the ninth century, and likely derives from Latin. The precise Latin source is disputed, with either puella "girl" or pulla "pullet, young female chicken" suggested as earlier sources.

As a homograph, pussy also has the meaning "containing pus"; with this meaning, the word is pronounced , while the other forms are all pronounced .

Meanings of the verb relate to the common noun senses, including "to act like a cat", "to act like a coward", or "to have sex with a woman".  Adjective meanings are likewise related to the noun.

Uses

Cat and similar

Both in English and in German puss was used as a "call-name" for cats, but in English pussy was used as a synonym for the word cat in other uses as well. In addition to cats, the word was also used for rabbits and hares. In the 19th century,  the meaning was extended to anything soft and furry. Pussy willow, for example, is a name applied to various species in the genus Salix with furry catkins. In thieves' cant the word pussy means a "fur coat".

The Oxford English Dictionary gives as the first meaning of the noun: "Chiefly colloq[uial]. A girl or woman exhibiting characteristics associated with a cat, esp[ecially] sweetness or amiability. Freq[uently] used as a pet name or as a term of endearment." The examples it cites from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries are not sexual. Another example, not cited by the OED, is one of the main characters of E. Nesbit's Five Children and It - Jane, nicknamed Pussy by her siblings.

The verb pussyfoot, meaning to walk softly or to speak in an evasive or cautious manner, may come from the adjective pussy-footed "having a cat-like foot", or directly from the noun pussyfoot. This word, first attested in the late nineteenth century, is related to both the "cat" and the "woman" meanings of pussy.

Female genitalia

In contemporary English, use of the word pussy to refer to women themselves is considered derogatory and demeaning, treating women as sexual objects. As a reference to genitals or to sexual intercourse, the word is considered vulgar slang. Studies find the word is used more commonly in conversations among men than in groups of women or mixed-gender groups, though subjects report using pussy more often than other slang terms for female genitals. There are women seeking to reclaim the word to symbolise sexual pleasure, power, and trust in their bodies (e.g. around childbirth).

Donald Trump's use of the word to describe celebrity interactions with women ("grab them by the pussy", known as the Access Hollywood tape) provoked strong reactions by media figures and politicians across the political spectrum; an image of a snarling cat with the slogan "pussy grabs back" became a "rallying cry for female rage against Trump". Pink "pussyhats" (knitted caps with cat-like ears) were a notable feature of the worldwide protests held the day after Trump's inauguration as President of the United States. The name attempts to reclaim the derogatory term and was never intended to be an anatomical representation.

Words referring to cats are used as vulgar slang for female genitals in some other European languages as well. Examples include German Muschi (literally "house cat"), French chatte ("female cat", also used to refer to sexual intercourse), and Dutch poes ("puss"). The Portuguese term rata (literally "female rat") and Norwegian mus ("mouse") are also animal terms used as vulgar slang for women's genitals.

Weakness

The word pussy is also used in a derogatory sense to mean cowardly, weak, or easily fatigued. The Collins Dictionary says: taboo, slang, mainly US) an ineffectual or timid person." It may refer to a male who is not considered sufficiently masculine, as in: "The coach calls us pussies."

Men who are dominated by women (particularly by their partners or spouses and at one time referred to as "hen-pecked"; see pecking order) can be referred to as pussy-whipped (or simply whipped in slightly more polite society or media). This may be used simply to denigrate a man who is contented in a relationship. The hyphenated phrase is parsed as "whipped by pussy", a manipulative relationship dynamic wherein a female deliberately or subconsciously withholds sexual intercourse to coerce the male into surrendering power in other aspects of the relationship. The male's weakness is his desire for access to female genitalia, and his willingness to weaken his position in the relationship to obtain that access, combining two uses of the word pussy.

Word-play between meanings

Pussy is one of a large number of English words that has both erotic and non-erotic meanings. Such double entendres have long been used in the creation of sexual humor. This double meaning of "pussy" has been used for over a hundred years by performers, including the late-19th-century vaudeville act the Barrison Sisters, who performed the notorious routine "Do You Want To See My Pussy?" in which they raised their skirts to reveal live kittens.

In the British comedy Are You Being Served? the character Mrs. Slocombe often expressed concern for the welfare of her pussy. The double entendre made every reference to her cat seem to be a salacious and therefore humorous reference to her vulva.

In the 2002 film 8 Mile, a rapper insults his rivals by including the line, "How can six dicks be pussies?" The line relies on double meanings of both dick (either "contemptible person" or "male genitalia") and pussy ("weak" or "female genitalia"). Such word play presents a challenge for translators of the film.

Pussy Riot is a Russian radical feminist punk rock collective that stages illegal events in Moscow protesting President Vladimir Putin and the status of women in Russian society. Band member "Kot" says that she knows how the word is used in English, and that it is also used in Russian as term of endearment for little girls. These various meanings create a tension with the word "riot", which the group likes.

In 2017 Planned Parenthood released a series of short videos on YouTube about female sexual health, with the overall title "How to take care of your pussy". Instead of the word "pussy" being shown or spoken, a cat appears instead. The visuals consist mainly of cats, playing on the popularity of cat videos, with a voiceover by Sasheer Zamata. Refinery29 called it "a pretty genius metaphor" and Metro said: "If there are two things left in this world that are inherently wonderful, it's cats and vaginas. Don't argue. It's true.[...] It makes sense, then, that Planned Parenthood has decided to combine the two to create a truly splendid video series." The series has been shortlisted for a Shorty Award.

See also
 Cunt, another old vulgarism for the vulva
 -ussy, a derivative suffix

References

External links

 Don't be so beastly! by Justine Hankins. The Guardian, June 14, 2003.

Sexual slang
English words
Cats
Puns
Etymologies
English profanity
Vulva
Pejorative terms for people

Pussy


Jeffery Todd Banister (born January 15, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player and manager. He is the bench coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Before that, he was a special assistant for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball. He served as the manager of the Texas Rangers from 2015 through 2018. Before joining the Rangers, Banister spent 29 years within the organization of the Pirates as a player and coach in both the Pirates' major and minor league system. After leaving the Rangers, Banister served the Director of Player Development with the University of Northern Colorado Bears baseball program in 2021 before landing with the D-backs.

Banister played baseball at La Marque High School in La Marque, Texas. He developed bone cancer in his sophomore year, which almost necessitated the amputation of his left leg below the knee. While playing college baseball for Lee College, he suffered a home plate collision which broke three vertebrae in his neck, leaving him paralyzed for ten days. After rehabilitating, he was named a Junior College All-American the next season, and received a scholarship to the University of Houston, to play for the Houston Cougars baseball team. He was then drafted by the Pirates in 1986. After playing in Minor League Baseball, he appeared in one major league game on July 23, 1991, recording a hit in his only plate appearance. He did not appear in another major league game, ending his playing career after the 1993 season.

Following his playing career, Banister remained with the Pirates. He served as a manager for their Minor League Baseball affiliates from 1994 through 1998, and then as a minor league and major league field coordinator until 2010. The Pirates considered him for their managerial vacancy before the 2011 season, though hired him as their bench coach, serving in that role through the 2014 season. The Rangers hired Banister as their manager during the 2014–15 offseason, and he was named the American League Manager of the Year for 2015.

Playing career

Amateur career
Banister attended La Marque High School in La Marque, Texas. At La Marque, Banister played for the school's baseball, basketball, and American football teams. During his sophomore year of high school, Banister injured his right ankle while playing baseball. During an examination of his ankle, which was slow to heal, he was diagnosed with bone cancer. He had developed cysts which required skin grafting to treat. An infection in his leg led to the development of osteomyelitis, which spread from his right ankle to just below his knee. Doctors recommended amputation to save the rest of his leg, but Banister refused, as he hoped he would be able to continue his baseball career. Doctors performed seven operations on his leg, which saved it from being amputated. In his senior year, Banister suffered a knee injury playing American football, which nearly led to him being cut from the baseball team because of his decreased mobility. His father suggested he change positions and become a catcher, which allowed him to remain on the baseball team.

At a tryout conducted by professional scouts, Banister was noticed by the coaches at Lee College, a junior college in Baytown, Texas. They recruited Banister to play college baseball at Lee. While catching in a 1983 game, he suffered a collision at home plate, where the baserunner attempted to jump over him, and hit Banister in the head with his knee. The collision broke three of the vertebrae in his neck. Banister was not originally scheduled to play in that game; a scout for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB) told Lee's coach that he hoped to see Banister catch, which resulted in Banister being added to the starting lineup in a last-minute change. As a result of the collision, Banister was paralyzed from the neck down for ten days. Doctors initially warned him that he may never walk again. He had another three operations performed on his back and learned how to walk again during the 1984 season. Entering the hospital weighing , he weighed  when he was discharged. Banister recovered and played another season for Lee in 1985, and was named a Junior College All-American. He transferred to University of Houston after the season to play for the Houston Cougars baseball team on a scholarship in 1986.

Professional career
The Pittsburgh Pirates selected Banister in the 25th round of the 1986 Major League Baseball Draft; he was the 621st player chosen in the draft. Playing in Minor League Baseball, Banister made his professional debut as a member of the Watertown Pirates of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League in 1986. He had a .145 batting average in 46 games played. In 1987, he played for the Macon Pirates of the Class A South Atlantic League, and batted .254 in 101 games. Banister then played 71 games for the Harrisburg Senators of the Class AA Eastern League in 1988, batting .259. He returned to Harrisburg in 1989, when he batted .238 in 102 games. He was named an Eastern League All-Star in 1989. He returned to Harrisburg for the 1990 season, and recorded a .269 batting average in 101 games. During the 1990 season, he received a promotion to the Buffalo Bisons of the Class AAA American Association. In 12 games for the Bisons, Banister batted .320.

Banister began the 1991 season with Buffalo. The Pirates promoted Banister from the minor leagues on July 23, 1991, when catcher Don Slaught was injured and placed on the disabled list. Manager Jim Leyland used Banister as a pinch hitter for pitcher Doug Drabek in the eighth inning of that day's game against the Atlanta Braves at Three Rivers Stadium. Using Cecil Espy's bat, Banister hit a ball from Dan Petry and just beat shortstop Jeff Blauser's throw to first base. Banister is one of only 15 batters (excluding pitchers) in baseball history to record a hit in his only major league plate appearance.

Banister was sent back to Buffalo without playing in another game for Pittsburgh. He finished the Class AAA season with a .244 average in 79 games. He missed the 1992 season when he suffered a right elbow injury that required surgery. Banister served as a player-coach for the Carolina Mudcats of the Class AA Southern League in 1993. Playing in only eight games, he had a .333 batting average. After the season, he ended his playing career. He retired with a career .247 batting average in 515 minor league games played.

Coaching and managerial career

Overview
After retiring as a player, Banister remained with the Pirates' organization. From 1994 through 1998, Banister served as a manager in the Pirates' minor league system. He served as the manager of the Welland Pirates of the New York–Penn League in 1994. A year later, he managed the Augusta GreenJackets of the South Atlantic League, and led them to win the league's championship. Banister managed in the Hawaiian Winter League in the 1995 and 1996 offseasons. From 1996 through 1997, he was the manager of the Lynchburg Hillcats of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League. Midway through the 1997 season, he was named the manager of the Carolina Mudcats, a position he held through the 1998 season. Banister had a 299–330 win–loss record (a  winning percentage) as a manager from 1994 through 1998.

From 1999 through 2002, Banister worked as Pittsburgh's Major League Field Coordinator on the coaching staffs of managers Gene Lamont and Lloyd McClendon. He was then assigned the job of Minor League Field Coordinator, and served in that role from 2003 through 2010. In 2004, he served as the interim manager of Lynchburg when Jay Loviglio resigned from the position due to personal reasons. Banister became the interim pitching coach for Lynchburg in 2008 when Bob Milacki resigned from the position. Mike Steele then took the job from Banister in 2009. Banister managed the Scottsdale Scorpions of the Arizona Fall League (AFL) in 2009.

On August 8, 2010, Banister was named the Pirates' interim bench coach after Gary Varsho was fired by the organization. At the end of the 2010 season, the Pirates fired manager John Russell. Banister and Clint Hurdle were the two finalists for the position. The Pirates named Hurdle as their manager, and Banister was named their full-time bench coach. As the Pirates bench coach, Banister learned about sabermetrics from a quantitative analyst who traveled with the team. Banister learned to use quantitative data to inform his decisions on when the Pirates should employ defensive shifts in the field. He was initially chosen to manage Scottsdale in the AFL after the 2014 season, but he was replaced by Pirates' special assistant Frank Kremblas due to the possibility of the Pirates reaching the MLB postseason.

After the 2014 season, Banister interviewed with the Houston Astros as a candidate to fill their managing vacancy, following the firing of Bo Porter. The Astros instead hired A. J. Hinch. He also interviewed with the Texas Rangers, and was a finalist for the position along with Rangers' interim manager Tim Bogar and pitching coach Mike Maddux. On October 16, 2014, the Rangers named Banister their new manager. He signed a three-year contract with an option for a fourth season. Jon Daniels, the Rangers' general manager, indicated that Banister will help the Rangers to incorporate analytics into their baseball decisions.

As Banister and Daniels began to discuss the coaching staff for the 2015 season, it was decided that Bogar, who had a 14–8 record ( winning percentage) after Ron Washington's resignation, would not return to the Rangers under Banister. Banister retained Maddux and hitting coach Dave Magadan on his coaching staff, but third base coach Gary Pettis left for the Astros and first base coach Bengie Molina did not return to the team in that role. Banister guided the Rangers to the American League West division championship with a record of 88 wins and 74 losses. The Rangers would end up losing to the Toronto Blue Jays in the American League Division Series. Banister was named the American League Manager of the Year after the season.

During the 2015–16 offseason, the Rangers extended Banister's contract through the 2018 season, with an option for the 2019 season, while also releasing pitching coach Mike Maddux and hitting coach Dave Magadan. Bannister later hired Doug Brocail as the new pitching coach and Anthony Iapoce as the new hitting coach.

On September 21, 2018, following several days of speculation and rumors about Banister's future with the Rangers, Banister was fired following a surprise meeting with the Rangers management. He finished with a record of 325 wins and 313 losses in 638 games. On January 6, 2019, the Pirates hired Banister as a special assistant in baseball operations. In June 2020, Banister and 14 others were laid off by the Pirates as they restructured their front office.

On November 2, 2021, Banister was hired by the Arizona Diamondbacks to be the team's bench coach for the 2022 season.

Managerial record

Personal life
Banister was born on January 15, 1964. He is originally from Weatherford, Oklahoma. At the age of six, the Banisters moved from Weatherford to La Marque. His father, Bob, coached Jeff at La Marque High School on both the football and basketball teams. His mother, Verda, was an algebra teacher at La Marque. He has a sister, Carey. In 1988, his father died at the age of 48 due to a heart attack. His grandfather died of a heart attack three weeks later.

Banister met his wife, Karen, while they were students at the University of Houston. Karen worked as a teacher at Clear Lake High School in Houston. The Banisters have two children: Alexandra and Jacob. Alexandra is a college volleyball player. The Banisters reside in Keller, Texas.

Banister won the inaugural Gilda Radner Courage Award. In 2011, Banister won the "Pride of the Pirates" award for demonstrating his "sportsmanship, dedication and outstanding character".

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
People from Weatherford, Oklahoma
Baseball players from Oklahoma
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Arizona Diamondbacks coaches
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Houston Cougars baseball players
Macon Pirates players
Watertown Pirates players
Harrisburg Senators players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Carolina Mudcats players
Lee College (Texas) alumni
Major League Baseball managers
Texas Rangers managers
Manager of the Year Award winners
People from La Marque, Texas
Sportspeople from Galveston County, Texas
People from Keller, Texas
Major League Baseball players with one career hit

Jeff Banister


Pixie O'Harris  (born Rhona Olive Harris; 15 October 1903 – 17 November 1991) was a Welsh-born Australian artist, newspaper, magazine and book illustrator, author, broadcaster, caricaturist and cartoonist, designer of book plates, sheet music covers and stationery, and children's hospital ward fairy-style mural painter. She became patron to Sydney's Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in 1977.

Early life
Rhona Olive Harris was the daughter of George Frederick Harris, chairman of the Royal Art Society Cardiff, Wales, and Rosetta Elizabeth Harris (née Lucas). She was the fifth of nine children.  Rhona was the aunt of Rolf Harris.  Her brother was Cromwell Harris, who immigrated from Cardiff, Wales to Perth, Western Australia.  Cromwell was the father of Rolf Harris.

She was educated at Sully village school and Allensbank Girls School in Cardiff.
At age 14 she was a member of the South West Art Society. The Harris family migrated to Australia in 1920 and settled in Perth. They moved to Sydney in 1921.

Disliking her given name Rhona, and having been dubbed "the Welsh pixie" on the boat over to Australia, she became known as "Pixie".

She originally produced her professional work under the name "Pixie O. Harris"; however, following a printer's error at the Sydney Morning Herald, which printed her name as "Pixie O'Harris", she permanently used that pseudonym.

During the 1950s she completed a series of murals and paintings for the children's wards of several hospitals with her brother Olaf. Some of these were later rediscovered, restored and put on display in 2020.

Marriage
On 16 July 1928 she married Bruce Pratt, the son of eminent scholar and important Congregational minister, Frederick Vicary Pratt (1870–1932) and Agnes Elizabeth Pratt (born 1872), née Waddell. He was also the editor of the Australian Encyclopaedia, and a younger brother of the artist Douglas Pratt. The couple had three daughters.

Honours
In 1953 Pixie O'Harris was awarded the Queen's Coronation Medal. In 1976 she was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). The following year she was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal.

Works

Written by Pixie O'Harris

 1983, Was It Yesterday? The Autobiography of Pixie O'Harris, Rigby, Australia.
 1986, Our Small Safe World: Recollections of a Welsh Childhood, Boobook Publications, Sydney, NSW.

Poetry (or lyrics) by Pixie O'Harris

 1944, Where the Waterfall Leaps in the Gully, (music by Dorothy R. Mathlin), D. Davis & Co., Sydney, NSW.
 1945, Pixie O'Harris Songs for Children, (music by Dorothy R. Mathlin), D. Davis & Co., Sydney, NSW.
 1945, Where the Winding Wollondilly Flows, (music by Dorothy R. Mathlin), D. Davis & Co., Sydney, NSW.
 1957, The Town of Flowers, Arthur H. Stockwell, Devon, UK.
 1972, The Hunter: a Two-Part Song, (music by Colin J. Jenkins), Allans Music, Melbourne, VIC.

Written and illustrated by Pixie O'Harris

 1923, The O.K. Fairy Book: New Rhymes and Pictures for Kiddies Only, Weston Co., Sydney, NSW.
 1935, Pearl Pinkie and Sea Greenie: the Story of Two Little Rock-Sprites, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1940, The Pixie O'Harris Story Book, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1941, The Babes in the Wood, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood (3 Vols.), New Century Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1941, The Fortunes of Poppy Treloar, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1942, Marmaduke the Possum, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1943, Goolara: Daughter of the Billabong, Currawong, Sydney, NSW.
 1943, Rondel the Fair, Currawong, Sydney, NSW.
 1943, The Story of Our Baby, New Century Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1944, Rocks of Han: a Fairy Story, Currawong, Sydney, NSW.
 1944, Poppy and the Gems, Currawong, Sydney, NSW.
 1945, Pixie O'Harris Songs for Children, Davis, Sydney, NSW.
 1945, The Fairy Who Wouldn't Fly, Marchant & Co., Sydney, NSW.
 1946, Princess of China, Currawong Publishing, Sydney, NSW.
 1947, Poppy Faces the World, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1950, Pixie O'Harris Gift Book, Dymock's, Sydney, NSW.
 1953, Marmaduke and Margaret, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1977, Marmaduke the Possum in the Cave of the Gnomes, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1977, Birthday Book, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 1978, The Teddy Bear's Picnic, Golden Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1978, The Bunny Who Lost his Tail and The Giant's Eiderdown, Golden Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1979, The Kangaroo Who Couldn't Hop and the Cloud Wallaby, Golden Press Sydney, NSW.
 1980, The Pixie O'Harris Treasury of Animal Verse, Golden Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1980, Trailing Echoes, (publisher not known), Sydney, NSW.
 1981, The Pixie O'Harris Nursery Rhyme Book, David Ell, Sydney, NSW.
 1982, The Little Grey Mouse and her Friends, Golden Press, Sydney, NSW.
 1985, A Cavalcade of Cats, Methuen, Sydney, NSW.
 1985, Loveleaves the Koala, Methuen, Sydney, NSW.
 1988, Loveleaves Returns to the Bush, Dent, Australia.

Works illustrated by Pixie O'Harris

 Bedford, Ruth, 1934, Hundreds and Thousands, Dymock's, Sydney, NSW.
 Boughton, Joy, 1981, This Roundabout, J. Boughton, Vaucluse, NSW (Illustrated by Pixie O'Harris & Joseph H. Arman).
 Carroll, Lewis, 1990, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, (125th Birthday Edition), Carroll Foundation, Melbourne, VIC.
 Cope, Gwen, 1936, Fairy Verse for Little Folk, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Cope, Gwen, 1937, Under the Joy of the Sky, and Other Verses, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Davison, Frank Dalby, 1936, Children of the Dark People: an Australian Story for Young Folk, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Grahame, Kenneth, 1983, The Wind in the Willows, Rigby Ltd, Adelaide, SA.
 Griffiths, Lexie, 1945, Between Ourselves, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Hemphill, Rosemary, 1959, Fragrance and Flavour: the Growing and Use of Herbs, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Higgins, Kathleen, 1938, Betty in Bushland, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Lister, Gladys, 1938, Little Round Garden, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Lister, Gladys, 1939, Little Round House, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Lister, Gladys, 1946, The House that Beckons, New Century Press, Sydney, NSW.
 Liston, Maud Renner, 1982, Cinderella's Party: A Fairy Story, Rigby Ltd, Adelaide, SA.
 Littlejohn, Agnes. 1924, The Lost Emerald and Other Stories, Edwards Dunlop, Sydney, NSW.
 Merrick, Frances, 1975, The Children's Bar Reading Book, Mrs. Frances Merrick, Roseville, NSW.
 Park, Margaret Robertson, 1940, The Secret Joy: Poems, Jackson & O'Sullivan, Brisbane, QLD.
 Pender, Lydia, 1958, Marbles in My Pocket, Writers' Press, Sydney, NSW.
 Randell, Beverley, 1969, The Baby, Kea Press, Wellington, NZ.
 Rice, Esmée, 1948, The Secret Family, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, NSW.
 Rothenberger, L. (ed.), 1968, More Star Spangled Cooking: With The American Women's Club of the American Society, Sydney, Australia, American Society, Sydney, NSW.
 Sabine, Jo, 1941, The Pillow Pat Poems, J.Sabine, Grafton, NSW.
 Tombs, John, 1945, Apple Cottage, and the Lost Key, Offset Printing Company, Sydney, NSW.
 She also illustrated stories and articles appearing in the School Magazine published by the NSW Department of Education. The issues of February, April and July 1947 contain examples.

Memorial

APA Pixie O'Harris Award
Is awarded for "Distinguished and Dedicated Service to the Development and Reputation of Australian Children's Books".

References

External links
 O'Harris, Pixie (1903–1991), Australian Dictionary of Biography
Pixie O'Harris 1903–1991, Australian Children's Literature 1830–1950
 Papers of Pixie O'Harris, n.d., Lu Rees Archives of Australian Children's Literature, University of Canberra
 Papers of Ray Mathew, 1945–2001, National Library of Australia containing papers of Pixie O'Harris
Trove search

1903 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Australian musicians
20th-century Australian poets
20th-century Australian women artists
20th-century Australian women writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century Welsh women artists
20th-century Welsh painters
20th-century Welsh poets
20th-century Welsh women writers
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Artists from Cardiff
Australian children's writers
Australian caricaturists
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Naturalised citizens of Australia
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Pixie O'Harris


Omoba  Segun Adewale (born 1949) is a Nigerian musician. He is considered the pioneer of Yo-pop, a mix of funk, jazz, juju, reggae, and Afro-beat.

Biography
Omoba Segun Adewale was born into a royal family in Osogbo Nigeria. Because his father objected to his career in music Adewale left home and moved to Lagos, Nigeria, where he met Juju musicians S. L. Atolagbe and I. K. Dairo. In the 1970s, Adewale and Shina Peters both played with Prince Adekunle, a pioneer of Afrobeat Jùjú music.

Musical career
In 1977 Adewale, along with Shina Peters, formed a new group called Shina Adewale and the Superstars International. They released nine recordings but split in 1980 to form their own separate groups.

By 1984 the music of Adewale had evolved into what is now described as Yo-Pop.

References

Nigerian male musicians
1955 births
Living people
Yoruba musicians
Musicians from Osogbo
Yoruba royalty
20th-century Nigerian musicians
20th-century male musicians

Segun Adewale


Thir is the fowk on Clydesdale Bank notes, denominatit in poonds sterling:

Five poond note
Robert Burns, the makar, wi a field-moose an wull rose, promptit bi twa o his maist weel-likit poems, 'To a Mouse' an 'A Red, Red Rose'.

Ten poond note
Mary Slessor, the missionary tae Wast Africae. Thare is an illustration o Slessor's wark in Calabar (Nigerie) includin a cairt o the aurie an a lithographic vignette shawin her wark wi bairn.

Twintie poond note
Robert the Bruce, a Scots warrior an King, that successfully focht tae free Scotland fae the Inglis King. On the rear o this note is a representation o the statue tae Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn (the steid o a defeat o the airmie o King Edward I o Ingland in 1314), the Monymusk reliquary, Stirling Castle an the moniment tae William Wallace. The Clydesdale Bank haes forbye makkit a commemorative £20 note tae merk the Commonweel Heids o Govrenment forgaitherin in Edinburgh in October 1997. On the hintside is shawn the Edinburgh Internaitional Conference Centre whaur the forgaitherin wis hauden an the naurby Clydesdale Bank Plaza.

In 1999, for tae merk Glesca's foys as UK Ceity o Architecture an Design, Clydesdale Bank issued a £20 wi a limn o Alexander "Greek" Thomson, ane o the ceity's weel-kent airchitects. On the hintside o the note is a drawn picter o the "Lichthoose" biggin designed bi anither Glesca airchitect, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, alang wi a representation o the dome in Holmwid Hoose, anither ensaumple o "Greek" Thomson's wark.

Fiftie poond note
Adam Smith, the economist an owthor o The Wealth of Nations. On the hintside is a montage o aichteent centurie ingineerin an agricultural warkins wi Kirkcaedy Herbour in the backgrund.

Ae hundert poond note
Laird Kelvin, the resaircher an clecker. He is shawn wi the bettered mariner's airt whilk he cleckit an a cairt wi the wey o the first commercially sonsefu transatlantic cable; Laird Kelvin wis the ingineer in chairge o the project. On the hintside o the note is his varsity lectur room.

Scotland
Economics

en:Banknotes of the pound sterling#Clydesdale Bank notes

Fowk on Clydesdale Bank notes


An unmanned aerial vehicle, often called a drone, is an aircraft that is not operated by a pilot on board.

Drones may have an onboard computer to take care of adjustments to wind and changes in air pressure. Sometimes they are programmed to a particular target. Important decisions are usually supervised by people on the ground communicating by radio.

Large UAVs are mostly used by military forces, for example for reconnaissance. Some of them are programmed to be a target, to be shot at. A few carry weapons for unmanned combat. Drones also have civilian uses, such as firefighting or taking photographs.

Drones come in different sizes. Wingspans range from a few centimetres to about , the size of regular, manned aircraft.

Photographers mount cameras on drones for aerial photography. Google has built and tested drones, for delivery of merchandise. Some people use them in drone racing. Private drones are sometimes called a nuisance, even a danger. In many countries they are forbidden near cities and airports and other things.

There is an industry that makes and sells equipment for automatic tracking and detection of UAVs; There are commercial cameras that can track and detect some activity by UAVS.

Related pages
Combat drone

References

Unmanned aerial vehicle


An acorn nut, also referred to as crown hex nut, blind nut, cap nut, domed cap nut, or dome nut (UK), is a nut that has a domed end on one side. When used together with a threaded fastener with an external male thread, the domed end encloses the external thread, either to protect the thread or to protect nearby objects from contact with the thread. In addition, the dome gives a more finished appearance.

Acorn nuts are usually made of brass, steel, stainless steel (low carbon content) or nylon. They can also be chrome plated and given a mirror finish.

There are two types of acorn nuts. One is low, or the standard acorn nut. The other is the high acorn nut. The high acorn nut is wider and higher and will protect extra long studs. There are also self-locking acorn nuts that have distorted threads in the hex area to create a tight friction fit to prevent the nut from vibrating loose.

There are standards governing the manufacture of acorn nuts. One is Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J483, High and Low Crown (Blind, Acorn) Hex Nuts. Another is Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) 1587, Hexagon Domed Cap Nuts.

References

Nuts (hardware)

Acorn nut


Santosh Mohan Dev (1 April 1934 – 2 August 2017), was an Indian political leader and a key member of the Indian National Congress. Mr. Dev was first elected to the Parliament in 1980, the first of his seven terms in office as the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha. Out of these seven, he has represented Silchar constituency, Assam five times and he was elected from Tripura West constituency twice. Mr Dev has the rare distinction of being elected from two different states.

Political career
During his political career as an elected representative, Dev held crucial cabinet and non Cabinet posts. Dev had represented India in the Population Conference held in China in 1982 and was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference at Isle of Man in 1984. He was the Union Minister of State for Tourism and Communications during 1986-1988 and the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs during 1988–1989. He also held the charge of Union Minister of State for Steel (Independent Charge) in 1991. Dev was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1980 from Silchar constituency in Assam. Subsequently, he was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1984 from Silchar constituency and in 1989 and 1991 from Tripura West constituency. Dev was again elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996, 1999 and 2004 from Silchar constituency. Dev was Chairman, Public Accounts Committee during 1990-1991 and was a member of the Parliamentary Committee of General Purpose Committee. He was also member of Tea Board during 1981–83. Between 1999-2004 Dev held various parliamentary responsibilities including being the Chairman of Committee on Energy, Member of House Committee and Member of General Purposes Committee. Santosh Mohan Dev lost to Kabindra Purkayastha of the BJP in the 2009 elections for the 15th Lok Sabha.

Achievements
During the period 2005 to 2009, he was the Minister of Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises in the Union Cabinet. His tenure saw the fruition of a comprehensive automotive policy that will shape the Indian auto industry in the decades to come. This period also saw the rationalisation of Public Sector wages. this brought employees of government run companies closer to the levels of their private counterparts and drastically reduced the exodus of talented managers and executives. His other salient achievements include, the deregulation of steel in the mid 1990s as minister of steel which unshackled potential of the indigenous steel industry making India a global steel powerhouse. He was also instrumental in setting up a national university in Silchar, Assam. He played a key role in the freight equalization scheme in the early 1990s in India which removed unequal rail freight charges among the states, thereby making them more competitive.

He is a third generation Congressman. His father was one of the first legislators of independent India. His grandfather Kali Mohan Dev was also an active member of the Indian freedom struggle and a member of the first ever Silchar Municipal council in 1913.

Social and cultural Activities
Dev was instrumental in several major initiatives, such as establishment of two Central Universities in Assam; welfare of labour especially of workers in tea gardens and villages; flood cyclone relief work; served the rural people of Assam with District Rural Development Agency (D.R.D.A.) Loans; development of rural electrification and transport; provision of water, electricity and sanitation facilities to the slum dwellers; instrumental in extending financial help to the needy individuals and Associations/Clubs through a Trust established in memory of his father Late Shri Satindra Mohan Dev; and developed Silchar Regional Engineering College into an institution of repute; president, Nikhil Bharat Banga Sahitya Sammelani for 2 years; Chief Patron, Bipin Chandra Pal Trust; engaged in Socio-welfare activities established in memory of noted freedom fighter from North-East Region; took initiative in establishing Gas-based Power project at Adamtilla and Banskandi; actively involved in the construction of Barak Dam and extension of the broad-gauge line up to Silchar.

Personal life
Santosh Mohan Dev is the eldest of three sons of the renowned Bengali North Eastern Freedom Fighter Satindra Mohan Dev. Satindra Mohan Dev was known as fierce opponent of British Rule and enjoyed the personal confidence of Jawaharlal Nehru. He was jailed a number of times by the British for his resistance activities. In the mid Sixties in an independent India he was offered the governorship of Bihar, but he turned it down, preferring to stay in his hometown of Silchar. A member of the Dev family has occupied an elected office from South Assam for all but 10 years since Indian Independence.

Santosh Mohan Dev was educated at G.C college in Silchar, Assam and has an MBA from the Welsh College In Cardiff UK. Shri Dev has four daughters and his wife Bithika Dev was a Member of the state legislative assembly of Assam from his home constituency of Silchar till May, 2011. Mr. Dev is also a certified and professionally qualified Football Referee. In his earlier years Mr. Dev was also the winner of the All Assam Lawn Tennis Championship. An avid reader, Mr Dev is personally inspired by Famous Bengali writers like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore. In September 2009 his daughter Sushmita Dev was elected chairperson of the Silchar Municipality making her the fourth generation of the Dev family to enter active politics. In March 2011, Sushmita Dev became the MLA of Assam Legislative Assembly from Silchar constituency and in 2014 she became the member of parliament  from her hometown Silchar constituency.

References

External links
 Santosh Mohan sees 'India Shining' in the down-trodden
 Indian Parliament Members' Fact File
 Sontosh Mohan Dev: Information from Answers.com
 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website

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Bengali politicians
1934 births
2017 deaths
India MPs 2004–2009
Members of the Cabinet of India
People from Cachar district
People from Silchar
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1984–1989
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
Lok Sabha members from Assam
Lok Sabha members from Tripura
People from West Tripura district
India MPs 1999–2004

Santosh Mohan Dev


The Northeast Coast campaign (1723)  occurred during Father Rale's War from April 19, 1723 – January 28, 1724. In response to the previous year, in which New England attacked the Wabanaki Confederacy at Norridgewock and Penobscot, the Wabanaki Confederacy retaliated by attacking the coast of present-day Maine that was below the Kennebec River, the border of Acadia. They attacked English settlements on the coast of present-day Maine between Berwick and Mount Desert Island.
Casco (also known as Falmouth and Portland) was the principal settlement. The 1723 campaign was so successful along the Maine frontier that Dummer ordered its evacuation to the blockhouses in the spring of 1724.

Historical context
The war occurred as a result of an expansion of New England settlements along the Kennebec River (in present-day Maine) and of the movement of more New England fishermen into Nova Scotia waters.  The border between Acadia and New England, which New France defined as the Kennebec River in southern Maine. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, which ended Queen Anne's War and included the cession of peninsular Nova Scotia to Great Britain, had facilitated this expansion.  The treaty, however, had been signed in Europe and had not involved any member of the Wabanaki tribes. None had been consulted about the expansion of British settlements, and they protested through raids on British fishermen and settlements. In response to Wabanaki hostilities toward the expansion, the governor of Massachusetts Governor Samuel Shute built forts on traditional Abenaki territory around the mouth of the Kennebec River: Fort George at Brunswick (1715), St. George's Fort at Thomaston (1720), and Fort Richmond (1721) at Richmond. The French claimed the same territory by building a church in the Abenaki village of Norridgewock (present-day Madison, Maine) on the Kennebec River, maintaining a mission at Penobscot on the Penobscot River, and building a church in the Maliseet village of Medoctec on the Saint John River. These fortifications and Catholic missions escalated the conflict.

The campaign
Throughout 1723 Father Rale and the Wabanaki Confederacy of Acadia orchestrated a total of fourteen raids on the New England settlements in present-day Maine. In April, there was a raid on Falmouth (present-day Portland) in which the raiders mistook Chubb to be Captain Harmen and killed him.  On April 19, Scarborough was raided.  They attacked the garrison house of Roger Deering.  Captain Hammond and seven other were killed. They took prisoner three adults and three of Deering's children.

In May, the natives killed two people in a raid on Berwick, one at Wells and two on the way to York.

In the summer of 1723, Norridgewocks and their 250 Indian allies from St. Francis again attacked Arrowsic. Incited by Father Rale, they burned 37 dwellings and killed 300 cattle. The 40 inhabitants fled to the garrison, with only a child lost. In August and September, there were also raids on Saco, Maine and Dover, New Hampshire. Captain Heath and 13 men including two Mohawks met with 30 natives in the battle at Richmond.  They killed two and drove off the rest. One New Englander was killed and two wounded.

In an October raid at Mount Desert, one Capt. Cogswell and his crew were surprised and taken as they were stepping ashore; and about the same time, Smith and Bailey were killed at Cape Porpoise, one on Vaughan's Island, and the other on the seashore, not far from the site of the old meeting-house.

On December 25, 60 natives again laid siege to St. George's Fort for thirty days. But Capt. Kennedy, the commanding officer, held out till Col. Westbrook arrived and put the enemy to flight. The Indians killed another man, Reverend Willard.

Aftermath
During the winter, Massachusetts assigned 300 more troops to border in Maine. The government put a bounty on Father Rale's head. The Native campaign was so successful along the Maine frontier that Dummer ordered its evacuation to the blockhouses in the spring of 1724. The Confederacy waited until spring and then began another campaign against the Northeast Coast in 1724.

See also
Military history of Nova Scotia
 Northeast Coast campaign (1703)
 Northeast Coast campaign (1745)

References
Citations

Sources

Military history of Acadia
Military history of Nova Scotia
Military history of New England
Military history of Canada
1723 in the Thirteen Colonies
1720s in North America
18th century in Nova Scotia
18th century in the Thirteen Colonies
Colonial American and Indian wars
Colonial United States (British)
Colonial United States (French)
Colonization history of the United States
Conflicts in Nova Scotia
Mi'kmaq
Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
Pre-statehood history of Maine
Pre-statehood history of Massachusetts
Pre-statehood history of New Hampshire
1723 in Nova Scotia

Northeast Coast campaign (1723)


Alexandre Birman (born October 1, 1976) is a Brazilian footwear designer and founder of his self-titled couture brand, "Alexandre Birman". He is known for his trademark use of exotic skins such snakeskin, crocodile, lizard and ostrich.
In November 2009, Alexandre Birman was awarded the Vivian Infantino Emerging Talent Award by industry publication Footwear News.

Alexandre Birman collaborated with designer Prabal Gurung for the debut of his fall collection during the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week 2010.

His shoes were mentioned in the Gossip Girl episode "The Grandfather: Part II".

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Shoe designers
Brazilian fashion designers

Alexandre Birman


Albrecht Schröter (born 7 April 1955) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who served as mayor (Oberbürgermeister) of Jena from 2006 to 2018.

Early life and career
Schröter attended the Polytechnic Secondary School from 1962 to 1972, but was denied an Abitur for political reasons. After leaving school, he completed a two and a half years of training as a nurse (Krankenpfleger) in Eberswalde and in Bad Freienwalde. He then studied and received a degree in Protestant theology at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.

After graduating in 1980, he worked as a research assistant at the theology section and as vicar of evangelical youth work until 1984, when we took over a parish in Jena (first at the Friedenskirche and from 1986-1997 in the Luthersprengel). In 1985 he founded the "Jena Judaism Working Group" to document the history of the Jews of Jena and maintain the memory of the Holocaust. In 1996 he took his doctorate in theology in Halle-Wittenberg (summa cum laude). From 1997 he worked as a representative of the Free State of Thuringia for new religious movements and special communities and as a subject specialist at the Thuringian Institute for Teacher Training, Curriculum Development and Media (ThILLM) in Bad Berka.

Political career
During the time of the GDR, Schröter involvement was concentrated on church youth work. On 1 October 1989 he co-founded the Democratic Awakening (DA) in Berlin and was their spokesman in Jena. However he left the party in March 1990 as a consequence of the results of the parliamentary elections and the merger of the DA, DSU and CDU. Until his resignation in March 1990, Schröter was the personal in charge of the "round table" in Jena for planning health care reform.

In October 1990, Schröter joined the SDP, later the SPD. From 1990 to 1994 he was a member of the Jena city council and deputy chairman of the SPD parliamentary group. From 1998 to 2004 he was chairman of the Jena SPD. From 2004 to 2018 he was a member of the Regional Executive of the SPD in Thuringia. In May 2000, he was defeated in the run-off elections for mayor by the incumbent Peter Röhlinger with 47.2%. From September 2000 to June 2006 he was head of the Department for Social Affairs and Culture of the City of Jena. In 2001 he founded the Cultural Foundation Jena, which he continues to chair.

On 21 May 2006, Schröter was elected Mayor of the City of Jena with a run-off vote of 54.4%. He assumed office on 1 July 2006.

In 2010, Schröter became a member of the Presidium of the Association of German Cities. On 6 May 2012, he was re-elected with a run-off vote of 72.8%

On 3 February 2015, Schröter placed 6th out of 121 mayors from around the world in an internet poll for the title "World Mayor". The British-based City Mayors Foundation awards the title "World Mayor" every two years in order to honour the achievements of mayors.

In the 2018 election, he entered the second ballot on 29 April 2018, which he lost to FDP candidate Thomas Nitzsche. His term ended on 30 June 2018.

Political positions
Schröter is a committed opponent of far-right politics. In 2009 he launched the "Communities against Right-wing Extremism" (Kommunen gegen Rechtsextremismus), establishing a network of medium German communities in the fight against neo-Nazis and offering mutual support countering Nazi rallies. On 17 November 2011, Albrecht Schröter received an award for "civil courage against right-wing extremism, anti-Semitism and racism". The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin honoured the commitment of the city of Jena against contemporary right-wing extremism.

Controversy
In September 2015, Schröter gained attention after offering an opinion on the Middle East Conflict attention by accusing Israel of partial responsibility for the Syrian refugee crisis and calling on the German foreign minister to "show less restraint" toward the Jewish state. He was then accused of Volksverhetzung ("incitement to hatred", a crime under the German criminal law) by Andreas Neumann, member of a Messianic Jewish congregation from Bavaria. The criminal prosecutor from Gera who investigated the charge announced that it would not be acted upon. The Student Council of the University of Jena passed resolutions defending Schröter against accusations of individuals from the faculty and apologized for the accusation made against him of anti-Semitism.

Other activities
 Cultural Foundation of the Free State of Thuringia, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Institute for Energy Law, University of Jena, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Helaba, Member of the Advisory Board (2012-2013)

Personal life
Schröter has married three times and has five children and two grandchildren. He is a descendant of Dorothea Sophie Michaelsen (née Händel) (1687–1720), a sister of George Frideric Handel.

References

1955 births
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Mayors of Jena
Living people
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni

Albrecht Schröter


August Ferdinand Bernhardi (24 June 1769 in Berlin – 1 June 1820 in Berlin) was a German linguist and writer.

After studying philosophy in Halle an der Saale, in 1791 Bernhardi became a teacher at the Friedrichwerderschen Gymnasium in Berlin and in 1808 became the institution's headmaster. In 1815 he joined the Marcher Consistory and the Academic Examination Committee. Shortly before his death he was named the headmaster of the Friedrich Wilhelms Gymnasium.

In 1799 Bernhardi married Sophie Tieck, the younger sister of Ludwig Tieck, however, the marriage broke down in 1805. This relationship brought him into Romantic circles, associated with people such as Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel, Ludwig Tieck and others. This prompted him to write and publish works on linguistics, as well as satirical writings about Berlin society and literary life. Bernhardi also contributed to literary journals and almanacs (such as Athenäum and Europa), and wrote some stories and poems in the romantic style, the most well-known of which is Der Löwe in Florenz (The Lion in Florence).

Bernhardi, however, achieved renown and recognition first and foremost through his linguistic research and had significant influence on famous linguists such as Wilhelm von Humboldt and Franz Bopp.

He was the father of the historian Theodor von Bernhardi and grandfather of the Prussian general Friedrich von Bernhardi.

Works
Vollständige lateinische Grammatik (Complete Latin Grammar) 1795-1797
Vollständige griechische Grammatik (Complete Greek Grammar) 1797
Bambocciaden (Bambocciatas) 1797-1800
Sprachlehre (Grammar) 1801-1803
Anfangsgründe der Sprachwissenschaft (Fundamentals of Linguistics) 1805
Die Versuche und Hindernisse Karls (The Trials and Tribulations of Karl) 1808
Ansichten über die Organisation der gelehrten Schulen (Observations on the Organisation of Academic Schools) 1818

Literature
Bräuer, Joachim (1921): August Friedrich Bernhardi, der Sprachphilosoph der älteren Romantik (August Friedrich Bernhardi, the Linguistic Thinker of the Early Romantics)
Blücher, Max (1923): A. F. Bernhardis Leben und Schriften (A. F. Bernhardi's Life and Works)
Horstmann, Wilhelm (1926): August Ferdinand Bernhardi 1769–1820 als Pädagoge (August Ferdinand Bernhardi 1769-1820 as a Pedagogue)
Fiesel, Eva (1927): Die Sprachphilosophie der deutschen Romantik (The Linguistics Thoughts of the German Romantics)
Wild-Schedlbauer, Roswitha (1990): Einleitung zu A. F. Bernhardi (Introduction to A. F. Bernhardi)
Hurch, Bernhard (2000): Bernhardi und Humboldt und die Asymmetrie der Prosodie (Bernhardi and Humboldt and the Asymmetry of Prosody)

References

External links

Text of Der Löwe in Florenz (The Lion in Florence)

1769 births
1820 deaths
Linguists from Germany
Writers from Berlin
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
University of Halle alumni
German male writers

August Ferdinand Bernhardi


The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things is a painting attributed to Hieronymus Bosch or to a follower of his, completed around 1500 or later. Since 1898 its authenticity has been questioned several times. In 2015 the Bosch Research Conservation Project claimed it to be by a follower, but scholars at the Prado, where the painting hangs, dismissed this argument. The painting is oil on wooden panels and is presented in a series of circular images.

Four small circles, detailing the four last things — Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell — surround a larger circle in which the seven deadly sins are depicted: wrath at the bottom, then (proceeding clockwise) envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, extravagance (later replaced with lust), and pride, using scenes from life rather than allegorical representations of the sins.

At the centre of the large circle, which is said to represent the eye of God, is a "pupil" in which Christ can be seen emerging from his tomb. Below this image is the Latin inscription  ("Beware, Beware, The Lord Sees").

Above and below the central image are inscription in Latin of Deuteronomy 32:28–29, containing the lines "For they are a nation void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them", above, and "O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end!" below.

Disputed authorship and dating
In 1560, Felipe de Guevara wrote about a pupil of Bosch, an unnamed discipulo (pupil), who was as good as his master and even signed his works with his master's name. Immediately after this, and without starting a new paragraph, Guevara refers to the painting of the Seven Deadly Sins as characteristic of his style. This led some scholars, as early as Dollmayr (1898) and most vocally Stechow (1966), to ascribe the work to this pupil.

Most experts have argued since, however, that given the highly ambiguous nature of the passage, Guevara had probably returned to a description of the works of Bosch himself. Furthermore, the accuracy and authority of Guevara is suspect: when in 1570 Guevara's heirs sold a copy of The Haywain Triptych to Philip II of Spain, it was made clear that Guevara had regarded that work as the original painted by Bosch himself, whilst nowadays it is known that his was a copy (displayed in El Escorial), of the original hanging in Prado. Philip II of Spain himself purchased the work (prior to 1560, probably from a monastery art sale) in the belief that The Seven Deadly Sins was a Bosch original, and he always regarded it as such. It was his favourite Bosch painting and it hung in his own bedroom in El Escorial. When he donated the painting to El Escorial in 1574, it was cataloged as being a Bosch original; Silva Maroto argued that it is hard to believe that Guevara would question the authorship of Phillip's favourite Bosch in such an ambiguous passage, which as Maroto pointed out is part of a manuscript that remained unpublished until 1788.

The alleged poor quality of the drawing had led to the incorrect belief it dates from Bosch's early period. The attribution to the discipulo was revived in the catalogue of the 2001 Bosch exhibition in Rotterdam, by Vermet and Vandenbroeck, who also suggested that several of the costumes suggest a much later date, around 1500, so that the awkward drawing and execution cannot be attributed to youthful imperfection. They also noted that the painting is not on oak, adding to their doubts about the attribution to Bosch.

Nowadays, most art historians agree that the costumes point at a date in between 1505 and 1510; it is argued that the key characteristics of the underlying drawing, the way the pictorial surface was developed, and the variety of strokes are entirely consistent with Bosch's later paintings. Furthermore, the theme, symbolism and the composition itself is profoundly original, which would make it extremely unlikely that an unknown pupil could have painted it.

In 2005, Ed Hoffman argued for the work being a copy, perhaps ordered by Philip II of Spain after the original had been damaged. In his view, the amateurish style, the plump figures, the lack of white highlights and the fact that the wooden panel is not oak but poplar (which can't be dated with dendrochronology). An argument for the authenticity, or at least originality, of the work could be found in the pentimenti of the underpainting, which indicate it could not have been a simple faithful reproduction. In addition, there is no question the signature in the painting is that of Bosch himself, and not a forgery.

In October 2015, the Bosch Research and Conservation Project, which had been responsible, since 2007, for technical research on most of Bosch's paintings, rejected the attribution to Bosch and deemed it to be made by a follower, most likely the discipulo. In response, the Prado Museum stated that they still consider the piece to be authentic.

Content
Each panel in the outer circle depicts a different sin. Clockwise from top (Latin names in brackets):

Seven Deadly Sins
 Gluttony (): A drunkard swigs from a bottle while a fat man eats greedily, not heeding the plea of his equally obese young son, as his wife begrudgingly brings in a turkey for them.
 Sloth (): A lazy man dozes in front of the fireplace while Faith appears to him in a dream, in the guise of a nun, to remind him to say his prayers.
 Lust (): Two couples enjoy a picnic in a pink tent, with two clowns (right) to entertain them.
 Pride (): With her back to the viewer, a woman looks at her reflection in a mirror held up by a demon.
 Wrath (): A woman attempts to break up a fight between two drunken peasants.
 Envy (): A couple standing in their doorway cast envious looks at a rich man with a hawk on his wrist and a servant to carry his heavy load for him, while their daughter flirts with a man standing outside her window, with her eye on the well-filled purse at his waist. The dogs illustrate the Flemish saying, "Two dogs and only one bone, no agreement".
 Greed (): A crooked judge pretends to listen sympathetically to the case presented by one party to a lawsuit, while slyly accepting a bribe from the other party.

Four Last Things

 Death: Death is shown at the doorstep, personified as a grim reaper, along with an angel and a demon while the priest says the sinner's last rites,
 Heaven: The saved are entering Heaven, with Jesus and the saints, at the gate of Heaven an Angel prevents a demon from ensnaring a woman. Saint Peter is shown as the gatekeeper.
 Judgment: Christ is shown in glory while angels awake the dead
 Hell: demons torment sinners according to their sins.

Details

Seven Deadly Sins

Four Last Things

See also

 List of paintings by Hieronymus Bosch
Calendar Clock Face, c. 1500 in the collection of M – Museum Leuven
Rota Fortunae
Bhavacakra, a similar diagram in Buddhism

References

1500s paintings
Paintings by Hieronymus Bosch in the Museo del Prado
Paintings depicting Jesus
Hell in popular culture
Nude art
Paintings based on the Bible
Paintings depicting Saint Peter
Seven deadly sins in popular culture
Angels in art
Demons in art
Dogs in art
Food and drink paintings
Books in art
Musical instruments in art
Paintings formerly in the Spanish royal collection


Duane Pomeroy (born 1952) is a Kansas politician and teacher who has served on the Topeka city council continuously since January 1993, was deputy mayor of Topeka, Kansas under Butch Felker, and then became acting mayor from November 2003 to early January 2004 after a scandal forced Felker's resignation. As a member of the council, he was barred from being selected as a replacement mayor and James McClinton was appointed to the position in December 2003 and sworn in the following month.

As a show of support for Felker, Pomeroy did not use his desk or his office during his time as acting mayor. (He moved in a separate desk and moved the old desk out of the way.) He also did not sit in the mayor's position during city council meetings, instead keeping his spot as the deputy mayor.

Pomeroy was born in Topeka and attended Washburn University, where he received a Bachelor's degree in political science, as well as a teaching certification. He subsequently taught government and social studies at Topeka High School, where he has been dubbed "P-Roy" by his students and athletes. He is also the head tennis coach for the Trojans, as well as the head coach of the school's bowling team, which, as of the 2014–2015 school year, is only in its tenth year of existence.

He and his wife Deborah have two sons.

External links
Capital-Journal article, Pomeroy assumes new duties
Index of Capital-Journal articles about the ouster of Felker

1952 births
Living people
Schoolteachers from Kansas
Kansas city council members
Mayors of Topeka, Kansas

Duane Pomeroy


Georg Heinrich August Ewald (16 November 18034 May 1875) was a German orientalist, Protestant theologian, and Biblical exegete. He studied at the University of Göttingen. In 1827 he became extraordinary professor there, in 1831 ordinary professor of theology, and in 1835 professor of oriental languages. In 1837, as a member of the Göttingen Seven, he lost his position at Göttingen on account of his protest against King Ernst August's abrogation of the liberal constitution, and became professor of theology at the University of Tübingen. In 1848, he returned to his old position at Göttingen. When Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, Ewald became a defender of the rights of the ex-king. Among his chief works are: Complete Course on the Hebrew Language (), The Poetical Books of the Old Testament (), History of the People of Israel (), and Antiquities of the People of Israel (). Ewald represented the city of Hanover as a member of the Guelph faction in the North German and German Diets.

Life
Ewald was born at Göttingen where his father was a linen weaver. In 1815 he was sent to the gymnasium, and in 1820 he entered the University of Göttingen, where he studied with J.G. Eichhorn and T. C. Tychsen, specialising in oriental languages. At the close of his academic studies in 1823 he was appointed to a mastership in the gymnasium at Wolfenbüttel, and made a study of the oriental manuscripts in the Wolfenbüttel library. But in the spring of 1824 he was recalled to Göttingen as theological tutor (), and in 1827 (the year of Eichhorn's death) he became professor extraordinarius in philosophy and lecturer in Old Testament exegesis. In 1830, Ewald married  (1808–1840), the daughter of mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. Of all of Gauss' children, Wilhelmina was said to have come closest to her father's talent, but she died in 1840. In 1831 Heinrich Ewald was promoted to professor ordinarius in philosophy; in 1833 he became a member of the Royal Scientific Society, and in 1835, after Tychsen's death, he entered the faculty of theology, taking the chair of Oriental languages.

Two years later occurred the first important episode in Ewald's studious life. In 1837, on 18 November, along with six of his colleagues he signed a formal protest against the action of King Ernst August in abolishing the liberal constitution of 1833, which had been granted to the House of Hanover by his predecessor William IV. This procedure of the seven professors led to their expulsion from the university (14 December). Early in 1838 Ewald received a call to Tübingen, and there for upwards of ten years he held a chair as professor ordinarius, first in philosophy and afterwards, from 1841, in theology. To this period belong some of his most important works, and also the commencement of his bitter feud with F.C. Baur and the Tübingen school. In 1847, "the great shipwreck-year in Germany," as he has called it, he was invited back to Göttingen on honourable terms—the liberal constitution having been restored. He accepted the invitation.

In 1845, Ewald remarried, this time to Auguste Schleiermacher (1822–1897); the couple had a daughter in 1850 who was named Caroline Therese Wilhelmine.

In 1862-1863 Ewald took an active part in a movement for reform within the Hanoverian Church, and he was a member of the synod which passed the new constitution. He had an important share also in the formation of the Protestantenverein, or Protestant association, in September 1863. But the chief crisis in his life arose out of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. His loyalty to King George V of Hanover (son of Ernst August) would not permit him to take the oath of allegiance to the victorious King William I of Prussia, and he was therefore placed on the retired list, though with the full amount of his salary as pension.

This degree of severity might have been held by the Prussian authorities to be unnecessary, had Ewald been less hostile in his language. The violent tone of some of his printed manifestoes about this time, especially of his Lob des Königs u. des Volkes, led to his being deprived of the venia legendi (1868) and also to a criminal trial, which, however, resulted in his acquittal (May 1869). Then, and on two subsequent occasions, he was returned by the city of Hanover as a member of the North German and German parliaments. In June 1874 he was found guilty of a libel on Otto von Bismarck, whom he had compared to Frederick the Great in "his unrighteous war with Austria and his ruination of religion and morality," to Napoleon III in his way of "picking out the best time possible for robbery and plunder." For this offence he was sentenced to undergo three weeks' imprisonment. He died in Göttingen in his 72nd year, of heart disease.

Influence

In his public life Ewald displayed characteristics such as simplicity and sincerity, moral earnestness, independence, absolute fearlessness. As a teacher he had a remarkable power of kindling enthusiasm; and he taught many distinguished pupils, including August Schleicher, Ferdinand Hitzig, Eberhard Schrader, Theodor Noldeke, Diestel and Christian Friedrich August Dillmann. His disciples were not all of one school, but many eminent scholars who apparently have been untouched by his influence have in fact developed some of the many ideas which he suggested.

Ewald's Hebrew Grammar inaugurated a new era in biblical philology. Subsequent works in that department were avowedly based on his, and Hitzig referred to him as "the second founder of the science of the Hebrew language." He made important contributions  as an exegete, biblical critic and grammarian. In particular, his Geschichte des Volkes Israel, the result of thirty years' labour, was important  in that branch of research.

Taking up the idea of a divine education of the human race, and firmly believing that Providence assigned a special task to each of the leading nations of antiquity, Ewald felt no difficulty about Israel's place in universal history, or about the problem which that race had been called upon to solve. The history of Israel, according to him, was the history how humanity acquired one true religion, beginning with the exodus and culminating in the appearing of Jesus.

The historical interval that separated these two events is treated as naturally dividing itself into three great periods—those of Moses, David and Ezra. The periods are externally indicated by the successive names by which the chosen people were called—Hebrews, Israelites, Jews. The events prior to the exodus are relegated by Ewald to a preliminary chapter of primitive history; and the events of the apostolic and post-apostolic age are treated as a kind of appendix. The entire construction of the history is based on a critical examination and chronological arrangement of the available documents.

Works

The more important of Ewald's works are:

Die Composition der Genesis kritisch untersucht (1823), an attempt to account for the use of the two names of God without recourse to the documentary hypothesis; he was not himself, however, permanently convinced by it.
De metris carminum Arabicorum (1825)
Des Hohelied Salomons übersetzt und erklärt (1826; 3rd ed, 1866)
Über einige ältere Sanskritmetra (1827)
Kritische Grammatik der hebräischen Sprache (Leipzig 1827), was abridged and published under a new title: Grammatik der hebräischen Sprache (Leipzig 1828); 2nd ed. of the abridged version (Leipzig 1835) [English translation of the 1835 ed. by John Nicholson (1809–1886): A Grammar of the Hebrew Language of the Old Testament (London 1836)]; 3rd ed. (Leipzig 1838). The subsequent editions [numbered 5th to 8th] were published under the title of Ausführliches Lehrbuch der hebräischen Sprache, 5th ed. (Leipzig 1844); 6th ed. (Leipzig 1855); 7th ed. (Göttingen 1863); 8th ed. (Göttingen 1870). English translation of the third part (Syntax) of the 1870 ed., by James Kennedy: Syntax of the Hebrew Language of the Old Testament (Edinburgh 1879; 1891).
Hebräische Sprachlehre für Anfänger (Leipzig 1842); 2nd ed. (Leipzig 1855); 3rd ed. (Göttingen 1862) [English translation of the 1862 ed. by J. Frederick Smith: Ewald's Introductory Hebrew Grammar (London: Asher 1870)]; 4th ed. (Göttingen 1874).
Liber Vakedu de Mesopotamiae expugnatae historia (1827)
Commentarius in Apocalypsin Johannis (1828)
Abhandlungen zur biblischen und orientalischen Literatur (1832)
Grammatica critica linguae Arabicae (1831–1833)
Die poetischen Bücher des alten Bundes (1835–1837, 3rd ed, 1866–1867)
Plan dieser Zeitschrift. In: Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 1 (1837), pp. 3–13.
Verzeichniss der orientalischen Handschriften der Universitätsbibliothek zu Tübingen (1839)
Die Propheten des alten Bundes (1840-1841, 2nd ed., 1867-1868 [English translation: Commentary on the Prophets of the Old Testament in five volumes, 1875]
Geschichte des Volkes Israel (1843-1859, 3rd ed., 1864-1868 [English translation: The History of Israel in eight volumes, 1869-1883]
Die Alterthümer des Volkes Israel (1848, 3rd ed., 1866)
Die drei ersten Evangelien übersetzt u. erklärt (1850)
Über das äthiopische Buch Henoch (1854)
Über die phönikischen Ansichten von der Weltschöpfung und den geschichtlichen Wert Sanchuniathons (1857)
Die Sendschreiben des Apostels Paulus übersetzt und erklärt (1857)
Sprachwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (3 parts, 1861–71)
Die Johanneischen Schriften übersetzt und erklärt (1861–1862)
Über des vierte Esrabuch (1863)
The Life of Jesus Christ (1865) (translated from German by Octavius Glover) (1865)
Sieben Sendschreiben des neuen Bundes (1870)
Das Sendschreiben an die Hebräer und Jakobos' Rundschreiben (1870)
Die Lehre der Bibel von Gott, oder Theologie des alten und neuen Bundes (1871–1875).
Das Buch Ijob (1854) [English translation of the 1882 edition by J. Frederick Smith: Commentary on the book of Job  ]
Commentary on the Psalms (2019)

The Jahrbücher der biblischen Wissenschaft (1849–1865) were edited, and for the most part written, by him. He was the chief promoter of the Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, begun in 1837; and he frequently contributed on various subjects to the Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen. He was also the author of many pamphlets.

Notes

References

External links

1803 births
1875 deaths
Writers from Göttingen
People from the Electorate of Hanover
German Lutheran theologians
German-Hanoverian Party politicians
Members of the 1st Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 2nd Reichstag of the German Empire
German orientalists
German biblical scholars
Old Testament scholars
19th-century German male writers
University of Göttingen alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tübingen
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
German male non-fiction writers
Lutheran biblical scholars
19th-century Lutherans

Heinrich Ewald


Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on data mining published by Springer Science+Business Media.  It was started in 1996 and launched in 1997 by Usama Fayyad as founding Editor-in-Chief by Kluwer Academic Publishers (later becoming Springer). The first Editorial provides a summary of why it was started.

Academic status
Since its founding in 1997, this journal has become the most influential academic journal in the field. Each year, it currently publishes about 60 articles in six issues. It has one of the highest index ratings and is considered authoritative academically.

Editors in chief
The following individuals have served as editor-in-chief of the journal:

2015–present: Johannes Fürnkranz
2005–2014: Geoffrey I. Webb
1997–2004: Usama Fayyad, Heikki Mannila
2000–2004 with Raghu Ramakrishnan
1997–1998 with Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro

References

External links

 Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery at DBLP Bibliography Server

Computer science journals
Data mining
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Academic journals established in 1997
English-language journals
Bimonthly journals

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery


Abby Cadabby is a 4-year-old Muppet character on the PBS/HBO children's television show Sesame Street,  performed by Leslie Carrara-Rudolph. In 2006, Abby made her debut in the first episode of Sesame Street's 37th season, when she moved into the neighborhood and met some of the Street's residents. On the day of her debut, her wand broke; Big Bird told her to take her wand to the Fix-It Shop where Maria would fix it. Season 40 features her CGI animated recurring segments titled Abby's Flying Fairy School which was adapted into a proper spin-off. She is also currently the host of another spin-off Abby's Amazing Adventures, with her stepbrother Rudy. The first episode aired November 17, 2018 on HBO and September 2, 2019 on PBS.

Her name is a play on words of the magic word Abracadabra. Abby's magical powers are limited to popping in and out of thin air, floating when she's happy, and turning things into pumpkins. Although familiar with the world of fairy tales, Abby is astounded by such basic learning skills as drawing letters or counting, prompting her catchphrase "That's so magic!" She frequently uses her wand cell phone to call her mommy. When she's asked to return home, she says that she's "gotta poof". She can speak Dragonfly and Butterfly and is teaching Rosita the languages, while Rosita teaches her Spanish. Along with Baby Bear, Abby begins attending school in a 2006 episode at the Storybook Community School, where Mrs. Goose is the teacher and other fairy tale characters like Hansel and Gretel are her classmates. Her mother being the fairy godmother, went to that school and had the same teacher. In 2020 on Sesame Street in Communities, Abby was shown going to online Pre-School, but is obviously a different school as she has a different teacher and Elmo is now one of her classmates

Tony Geiss conceptualized Abby as a way to simultaneously introduce a major female character to the show and add someone from a different culture, without "having consciously to introduce somebody from Indonesia or India". Abby's design is an intentional departure from the typical Muppet look because she's not originally from Sesame Street. The implication is that the fairies in her old neighborhood look like her.

Abby's likeness has been adapted for a 43-foot balloon which premiered in the 2007 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, a full-body costume character for stage appearances and several merchandise items.

In 2008, Abby was added to the cast of Plaza Sésamo, the Mexican co-production of Sesame Street, appearing in new segments where she tries to perform magic tricks with various ordinary objects. She also has a segment with Lola where they solve everyday problems with simple science and sometimes art. In 2009, she became the host of 3, 2, 1 Vamos!, a Latin American pre-school programming block, which first aired in English in 2010, on Canadian television.

She is also one of the few Muppet characters to age, being age 3 from 2006 to 2018 and age 4 from 2018 to present.

Character launch

Abby Cadabby was officially announced in TV Guide, months before the 37th season debut of Sesame Street, and a press kit was issued soon after.[3] Rumors had floated on the Internet before that, with an anonymous Sesame Workshop or Muppet insider revealing the addition on Muppet Wiki.[citation needed]

She made her Street debut on August 14, 2006.

Abby was scheduled to be interviewed August 10, 2006, on The Today Show on NBC; "NBC Special Report" coverage of the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot pre-empted the interview. Abby appeared for a short chat on 14 August, a few short minutes with Bobbie Thomas and Lester Holt before the weather. The scheduled "satellite-tour" of local stations across America went on later that day.[4]

Abby was to be featured as ABC World News "Person of the Week" on 11 August 2006; Hurricane Katrina/2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict dog rescuer Linda Nealon pre-empted her.[5] Abby Cadabby was featured on the 18 August broadcast, with the teaser, "Femininity comes to Sesame Street".[2] She was touted as the first 3-year-old "Person of The Week".

Abby appeared on the August 11 edition of All Things Considered on NPR.[6]

In 2007, Abby had a balloon made after her in the 2007 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. In 2008, Abby starred as 'Alice' in the Sesame Street direct-to-DVD film Abby in Wonderland that adapts Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Abby was featured in the 2007-2009 tour of Sesame Street Live show When Elmo Grows Up and the 2012-2013 leg of the "Elmo Makes Music" tour.

In 2014's direct-to-DVD film "Elmo's Super Numbers", Abby appears at NumberCon as "One-Da Woman", a numeric spoof and pun of the DC comic book female superhero, Wonder Woman.

In 2018 (season 49) she got a wardrobe change. Her dress was replaced with a skirt with flower sparkles, a t-shirt with a flower, and hair clips shaped like daisies and ladybugs. This is a hint to her liking to take care of her fairy garden.

Abby is the host of Sesame Street's autism initiative.

Sesame Street characters

Abby Cadabby


The Academy of Technical Training (Arabic: أكاديمية التدريب الفني) is a privately owned institution which provides training programs in aviation security and safety, air traffic control, and management of aircraft accidents. The curriculum and courses are accredited and certified by the General Civil Aviation Authority.

Profile
The academy provides professional training for military and civilian students, ranging from basic to advanced as well as recurrent levels. All courses are taught in accordance with international quality standards. The academy was founded in 2004. By the end of 2011, it had trained 4800 students.

The academy is located in Dubai Knowledge Village. Students that complete each course and reach a satisfactory standard are awarded a certificate of completion that also indicates their level of achievement.

All courses are taught in English but the academy has the ability to instruct courses in Arabic, if required.

Courses
 Diploma in Aviation Management - The Aviation Management and Safety is an essential course for this diploma program which provides information for building an aviation safety program, prevention methodology and the economics of aviation safety in the aviation industry. It is for people who work or would like to work in aviation including pilots, maintenance technicians, air traffic controllers, engineers, airport managers, avionics specialists and others in aviation related fields.

Aviation Courses:
 Aircraft Accident Investigation & Management trains students to manage and conduct aircraft accident investigations. The course information includes responsibilities and working relationship of various organisations, wreckage recovery, site security, recording of evidence, accident photography, accident investigation procedures, and writing of accident reports. This course also provides the students with the knowledge to manage a safety management system, Human Factors and operational Risk Management. A field exercise is conducted on the course.
 Advance Aircraft Accident Investigation & Management course trains personnel to an advanced level in investigation of aircraft accidents. This is carried out in accordance with ICAO and FAA regulations and covers investigation techniques, accident reporting forms, and the effective management of resources (time, personnel, funds, etc.). The course trains the participant on how to coordinate with Police, Civil Defense and hospitals.
 Aeromedical and First Aid Training course provides the candidates with an understanding of the management of medical incidents. The topic of hypoxia is covered in depth.
 Air Traffic Controller - Assistant ICAO-051 course provides candidates with an understanding of aviation and airport operations and familiarizes them with the technical and practical subjects that will concern them in their in Air Traffic Control Assistant position.
 Air Traffic Controller - Tower ICAO-052 course trains potential Air Traffic Control Officers in the theory, principles and practice of aerodrome control. Students are given tuition and taught skills in accordance with ICAO standards and recommended practices.
 Air Traffic Controller - Radar ICAO-053-054 course provides students with an understanding of the principles and practice of approach controls (both non - radar and radar). This is done to standards in excess of the minimum ICAO standards.
 Aircraft Accident Photography provides training in aircraft accident photography with emphasis on techniques in digital and video photography.
 Airport Security - ICAO-STP123 course covers airport security.
 Aviation English (level 4) course provides participants with English to the ICAO level 4 standard. At the end of the course the students would be preferred to archive the certificate of ICAO English level 4.
 Aviation Management course provides the students knowledge of Risk Management, Total Quality Management and supply Chain Management. After this course the participants would be able to manage aviation safety programs.
 Crew Resource Management provides the aircrew with knowledge of human factors. Mental and physical limitation of the human beings are discussed. Error and Error Management is the core topic. The course meets the requirements of ICAO.
 Electronic Warfare course provides knowledge in the concepts of electronic warfare in military service.
 First Line Maintenance Safety provides the students with knowledge on safety aspects that are to be observed while working in First Line Units. Teaching includes ground safety, human behavior, tool control, accident prevention, electrical safety, flight line and traffic safety, fire protection and control and aero medical safety.
 Flight Dispatcher course will give the participants knowledge of airline general operations, flight operations and understand meteorological, logistical and other elements of flight planning.
 Flight Safety course provides participants with knowledge to become Managers in an aircraft safety environment. Teaching includes management, communication principles and human behavior, aerodynamics, aircraft structure, materials and powerplant. Flight safety concepts, safety program and inspection program are taught. The course is completed by an introduction to pre-accident plans, accident investigation analysis and reporting with applications to civil and military aircraft.
 Ground Safety course provides participants with the knowledge to become Managers in a ground safety environment. Students are taught ground safety, human behavior, shop and tool safety, accident prevention, equipment, facility and radiation safety, flight line and traffic safety, fire protection and control.
 Initial First Aid Training provides the candidates with an understanding of the aviation environment and the management of medical incidents in the work place. The course provides knowledge to handle in flight medical incidents until medical assistance arrives.
 Loadmaster course prepares the participants to accomplish the loading and off loading of aircraft; perform pre-flight and post-flight checks of the aircraft and review and check aircraft systems. The course also teaches computing weight and balance and mission specific qualification duties. Students are taught safety and comfort of passengers and troops, and security of cargo, mail, and baggage during flight.
 Management of Aviation Safety & Accident Investigation course provides the students with the knowledge to manage the administration of Aviation Safety Organization and the Aircraft Accident Investigation Board. The course teaches the process of Aircraft Accident Investigations. Along with class room studies a practical exercise on a simulated air accident is conducted.
 Marshalling & Signaling (Ramp Safety) course provides the students with knowledge to assuming their responsibilities as supervisor/manager in handling the aircraft on ground.
 Ops Room Management Military Base & Sqd course provides the students with knowledge to manage a military operation at the Base or Squadron level. This course also covers the Risk Management in the military.
 Survival Course teaches use and care of survival equipment, competencies of the aircrew to survive at sea, in the desert and mountains, with the help of basic and advanced survival training after ejection from a fighter aircraft or ditching or bailing out from transport aircraft/helicopters.

Airline courses:
 Aircraft Fuelling (Fire Prevention and Safety Measures) course trains personnel in aircraft fueling fire prevention and safety measures. It looks at the aerodrome authority, the aircraft operator and the fuelling organisation each having responsibilities in respect of the safety measures to be taken during fuelling operations.
 Airside / Ramp Safety Management course train personnel at an advanced level of airside management, taking regulations of ICAO and recommended practices of IATA into consideration. It focuses on how to manage the airside apron effectively and efficiently with the reduction of danger to personnel and property.
 Airside Safety Accident Investigation course trains personnel on the investigation of accidents to aircraft/vehicles on the airside in accordance with ICAO and IATA regulations; covering investigation techniques, accident reporting forms and Human Factor. It identifies the difference between an accident, incident and near miss and their consequences.
 Aviation Risk Management course trains personnel to assess risk in the aviation industry. It outlines how to identify risk, assess risk, analyzing safety control measures, implementing safety control and how to monitor and review.
 AVSEC Ground Operations course is designed with collaboration and practices of ICAO aviation security program. Security conventions and Annex 17 are discussed along with new regulations and high security measures in place after September 11. The course states the requirements required of member states to enable the safe transport of passengers, crew and baggage as well as property.
 Customer Services course train personnel in the importance of a customer-centric organization. It shows how to deal with an upset customer or complaint. Its main focus is to differentiate between quantity and quality of service provided.
 Determining Aircraft Ground Times/Aviation Safety & Security Ground Times course studies the IATA Airport Handling Manual (AHM) and focuses on how to set an aircraft minimum ground time along with its advantages and disadvantages. It will help full service carriers to reduce costs and low-cost carriers to minimise their ground times.
 Human Factor in Ground Operations course identifies the human factor aspect of ground operation.
 Introduction to Dangerous Goods Regulation course provides training for flight and cabin crew in the management of dangerous goods. It covers the transport of dangerous goods by air.
 Safety Management Systems (SMS) course train personnel in the advance levels of Safety Management. This course meets the requirements of ICAO.
 Time Management trains personnel to understand the importance of time. The three-day course focuses on the day-to-day operation and living of an individual. The course will help frontline staff as well as middle management to manage their time and control their priorities more effectively and efficiently.

References

External links

Aviation schools

Academy of Technical Training


Atherstone Priory was a priory in Atherstone Warwickshire, England.

The first monastic site in Atherstone was an Augustinian friary founded in the centre of the town in 1374 by Ralph, Lord Bassett of Drayton. Henry VII, as he was to become, took communion there before the Battle of Bosworth. At the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 the nave became the town's parish church of St Mary, the chancel a grammar school and the remaining land leased to a Mr Cartwright.

In 1837–41 a new priory, known as the Convent of the Rosary, was built by Joseph Hansom in the east of the town for Dominican nuns. After several years of financial hardship they were obliged to sell it in 1857 to the Benedictine nuns of St. Benedict's Priory, Colwich as a daughter house. The new priory convent, dedicated to St Scholastica, was founded in 1859 when a group of 19 nuns moved to Atherstone from Colwich. The priory was enlarged in 1873, again by Hansom.

Faced by falling numbers and encouraged by the Vatican Council, St Scholastica's voted in 1966 to rejoin Colwich. On 31 July 1967 the eighteen members of the Atherstone community transferred to Colwich and the Atherstone property was sold. The graves of the nuns were moved to St Mary's churchyard and the building demolished. The site is now a housing estate.

References

Monasteries in Warwickshire
Atherstone
Demolished buildings and structures in England

Atherstone Priory