Vidocq (North American DVD title: Dark Portals: The Chronicles of Vidocq) is a 2001 mystery film, directed by Pitof, starring Gérard Depardieu as historical figure Eugène François Vidocq pursuing a supernatural serial killer.

It is notable as being the first major fantasy film to be released that was shot entirely with digital cinematography, using a Sony HDW-F900 CineAlta camera.

The Finnish cello metal band Apocalyptica used clips from the film in the music video for their Cult track, "Hope Vol. 2" with Matthias Sayer of Farmer Boys providing extra recorded vocals, which served as the film's ending theme.

Plot
In 1830 Paris, private investigator Eugène Vidocq pursues a strange man who is wearing a cowl and a mirrored mask. The man lures Vidocq into a furnace room at a glass factory, and after a long fight, pushes him into the furnace. Hanging onto the ledge, Vidocq asks him to reveal his face. The masked man obliges, and Vidocq lets go, falling into the fire.

Journalist Étienne Boisset goes to Vidocq's colleague, René Nimier, asking for background to help write Vidocq's biography. Boisset states that he plans to find Vidocq's murderer. Nimier tells him that Lautrennes, Paris' chief of police, asked the pair to investigate the deaths of Belmont and Veraldi, the owners of a cannon factory. Lautrennes believes this is an attempt to undermine the French military in an unstable political climate. Belmont and Veraldi had died in a lightning strike, but during the investigation, Vidocq and Nimier see the powder on a factory worker's clothes catch fire. They interrogate the servant responsible for maintaining Belmont's and Veraldi's suits, who confesses that he received a letter, with cash, ordering him not to clean their jackets. The investigators realize that the lightning would need to be attracted to the men and find metallic pins, decorated with monkey heads, inserted into their hats.

Lautrennes orders one of his men, Tauzet, to investigate Vidocq's death. For his part, Boisset sneaks into Nimier's office and retrieves the monkey-head pins. He traces the design to Preah, a dancer in a brothel, and Vidocq's lover. She tells him that Vidocq also tracked her down, and that she told Vidocq that she received a letter, with cash, asking her to put the pins in the hats. She also reveals that the letter included a third targetErnest Lafitte, owner of an orphanage. Preah says that Vidocq rushed to save Lafitte, but the masked murderer got there first. Vidocq pursued the murderer, who seemed to possess magical powers and a mask made from a strange reflective surface.

Boisset's investigation leads him to Sylvia, the brothel manager, a journalist named Froissard who is investigating the masked murderer, and Marine Lafitte, wife of Ernest. They reveal that Lafitte, Belmont and Veraldi were narcissists, committed to preventing death by aging. A man with a mirror mask, called the Alchemist, offered them an elixir of eternal youth in return for their cooperation in capturing young maidens for his experiments. The three rich men went along, but later stopped cooperating due to a sense of guilt, so the Alchemist killed them. After Boisset leaves, the Alchemist arrives, killing Froissard and Marine. Boisset's investigation attracts the attention of Tauzet, who notices that the Alchemist is disposing of witnesses, and fears Boisset is next.

Boisset sneaks in to retrieve Vidocq's notes, where he encounters Lautrennes and Tauzet. Lautrennes attempts to arrest Boisset, but the journalist escapes. The notes reveal that Vidocq found the Alchemist's lab, where he was using the maidens' blood to create a magic substance for his mask, which grants eternal youth by sucking the souls out of his victims. The Alchemist arrived and attacked Vidocq, who managed to take a piece from the Alchemist's mask before the killer escaped. Vidocq's final note states that the Alchemist would need someone to manufacture the mirrored mask, leading him to the glass factory.

Boisset, Nimier and Preah head to the factory, ushered by an artisan, and closely trailed by both Tauzet and Lautrennes. Just as Boisset declares there are no more leads and witnesses, the artisan removes his prosthetic, revealing himself to be Vidocq. It turns out Vidocq had jumped into a secret hole in the furnace wall, which he saw in the reflection of the mirror mask before the Alchemist's reveal to be Boisset himself. Vidocq then admits to faking his own death simply to let Boisset's guard down, as he knows the Alchemist would destroy all clues and witnesses through any means necessary.

With his cover blown, Boisset lets out a monstrous roar and dons the Alchemist's mirror mask. Nimier opens fire, but is killed as the Alchemist magically reflects the bullets back at him. Vidocq pursues the Alchemist into a hall of mirrors, where he forces the Alchemist to look into a mirror shard, freeing all the souls trapped inside the mask. Vidocq impales the Alchemist with a shard of mirror and throws him into a river. Although the others insist the Alchemist is dead, Vidocq is unnerved by the lack of a body.

At Nimier's funeral, as the characters walk away, the Alchemist's laugh can be heard in the distance, accompanied by the glimmer of his mirror mask.

Cast
Gérard Depardieu as Vidocq
Guillaume Canet as Étienne Boisset
Inés Sastre as Préah
André Dussollier as Lautrennes
Édith Scob as Sylvia
Isabelle Renauld as Marine Lafitte
Moussa Maaskri as Nimier
Jean-Pierre Gos as Tauzet
Jean-Pol Dubois as Belmont
André Penvern as Veraldi
Gilles Arbona as Lafitte
Jean-Marc Thibault as Leviner
François Chattot as Froissard

Production

Post production
The film featured 800 shots modified in post-production over a period of eight months, at a cost of over €20 million. It was the first feature film to be shot in digital progressive HDTV at 24 fps cinematic framerate (1080p24), one year before Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones. A few short scenes, however, were shot using DV format (576i25) for artistic purposes. Only those special effects shots were deinterlaced by means of smart field blending (imitating a progressive-type amount of motion blur due to a different shutter speed of progressive modes) during post-production, as the special effects crew obviously was in demand of progressive frames which are easier to process. Normal shots were in no need of deinterlacing, thanks to progressive scan HD cameras. The result are video-like appearance of motions in DV shots, due to the different amount of motion blur resulting from the different deinterlacing methods, and distinctive film-like motions for the dominant 1080p24 shots otherwise.

See also
Vidocq (1939)
A Scandal in Paris (1946)
The Emperor of Paris (2018)

References

External links

2001 films
French detective films
2000s French-language films
Romantic period films
Films set in the 1830s
Films set in Paris
French science fiction films
2001 directorial debut films
French alternate history films
2000s supernatural thriller films
Occult detective fiction
Cultural depictions of Eugène François Vidocq
Films directed by Pitof
Films scored by Bruno Coulais
2000s French films

Vidocq (2001 film)


The Ninth Council of Toledo was a provincial synod of bishops of Carthaginiensis. It began on 2 November 655 under the auspices of King Reccesuinth. It ended on November 24 in the Church of Santa María.

It was attended by only sixteen or seventeen bishops, six abbots, two dignitaries, and four counts of the palace. The bishops promulgated seventeen canons about the honesty of the clergy, the property of the church, and clerical celibacy. The council closed by scheduling another synod for 1 November 655, but the Tenth Council of Toledo, a general council, was called first and the planned provincial synod never met.

The council authorised bishops to transfer up to a third of the income of any church in their diocese to any other church of their choosing. The council decided that if a cleric, from subdeacon to bishop, had a child by a woman, free or slave, that child became automatically a slave of the church in which his father served. No freed male or female ecclesiastic was allowed to marry a freeman (Hispano-Roman or Visigoth) and if one did, the children of such a union were enslaved to the church.

The council gave a layman the privilege of Jus patronatus for each church he built, but the founder had no proprietary rights.

Finally, the synod declared that all conversos, not only converted Jews also others who had come during the Migration Period, had to pass Christian festivals in the presence of their bishop so as to prove the veracity of their faith. Lack of compliance with this last rule resulted in flogging or forced fasting, depending on the age of the offender.

References

Sources
Thompson, E. A. (1969), The Goths in Spain, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Synodus Toletana nona, minutes from the Collectio Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis (Vat. lat. 1341)

Ninth
655
7th century in the Visigothic Kingdom
7th-century church councils
Toledo
Slavery in Spain

Ninth Council of Toledo


Christian Knaut (August 16, 1656 – April 11, 1716) was a German physician, botanist and librarian born in Halle an der Saale. His older brother, Christoph Knaut (1638–1694) was also a physician and botanist.

He studied medicine at the University of Leipzig, where he had as instructors Gottfried Welsch, Paul Amman, Michael Ettmüller and Johannes Bohn. In 1682 he obtained his doctorate from the University of Jena with a dissertation titled De fermentatione in sanguine non existente. Afterwards he returned to Halle, where he served as a librarian and personal physician to Prince Emanuel Lebrecht of Anhalt-Köthen. As a librarian he was the author of a chronicle and description involving the counties of Ballenstädt and Aschersleben (1698).

As a botanist he published Compendium Botanicum sive Methodus plantarum genuina, in which he provided a classification system for flowering plants based on petal number and arrangement. Carolus Linnaeus named the plant genus Knautia in honor of Christian and Christoph Knaut.

References
 This article is based on a translation of the equivalent article from the German Wikipedia.

17th-century German botanists
German librarians
1656 births
1716 deaths
People from Halle (Saale)
18th-century German botanists

Christian Knaut


WISN (1130 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It broadcasts a conservative talk radio format and is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. The studios are on Howard Avenue in the Milwaukee suburb of Greenfield.

By day, WISN runs the maximum power for commercial AM stations, 50,000 watts.  But to protect other stations on 1130 AM, a clear channel frequency, it reduces power at night to 10,000 watts and uses a directional antenna at all times.  Its nine-tower array is located at 21423 Bennett Road in Dover, off U.S. Route 41.  WISN is also heard on the HD 2 digital subchannel of sister station WRNW 97.3 FM.

Programming
WISN airs a mix of local hosts and syndicated conservative talk shows from Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of iHeartMedia. An hour of news, the Morning Briefing, starts off the weekday schedule, hosted by Ken Herrera (who provides news updates throughout the morning).  Jay Weber's local morning drive time show following it and leads into Dan O'Donnell's mid-morning program. The Clay Travis and Buck Sexton Show is then carried live before leading into four hours of live afternoon local programming, with Vicki McKenna airing for one hour, followed by The Mark Belling Late Afternoon Show for three hours. Evenings feature The Sean Hannity Show, followed by The Mark Levin Show, both airing in tape delay, before Coast to Coast AM with George Noory is heard after midnight.

The weekend mainly features paid brokered programming, including local shows on money, health, the outdoors, real estate and home improvement.  Syndicated weekend programs include The Kim Komando Show, At Home with Gary Sullivan, The Weekend with Michael Brown and Live on Sunday Night, It's Bill Cunningham.  Most hours begin with an update from Fox News Radio.

History

WIAO
On July 22, 1922, a broadcasting license was issued jointly to the Milwaukee School of Engineering and the daily evening newspaper, The Wisconsin News, which was owned by the Hearst Corporation.  The call letters were assigned sequentially with no special meaning, WIAO. Since December 1, 1921, radio stations had been assigned two wavelengths: 360 meters (833 kHz) for "broadcasting news, concerts and such matter", and 485 meters (619 kHz) for "broadcasting crop reports and weather forecasts". As such, WIAO was licensed to broadcast on the frequency of 360 meters (833.3 kHz). Although its license called for "unlimited" time at a power of 500 watts, the fact that the three other Milwaukee stations: WAAK (Gimbel Brothers department store), WCAY (Kesselman O'Driscol Music Co.) and WHAD (Marquette University), were also licensed for the 360 meter band, meant that WIAO had to share time with them.

At 10:15 a.m. on October 23 of that year, WIAO signed on the air from the school's Marshall Street building.  It was powered at 100 watts of power, using a student-built transmitter.  That power level was formalized on January 9, 1923, when a new license was issued.

On July 23, 1923, another new license was issued — this time solely to the School of Engineering — specifying a power level of 200 watts. The power level was reduced to 100 watts on October 9.

WSOE
In January 1924, The Wisconsin News began programming the station on a part-time basis.  On May 31, 1924, the station was authorized to shift its frequency to 246 meters (1220 kHz).  The station did so at 5:30 p.m. on Monday, June 9.   On August 18 of that year, WIAO changed its call letters to WSOE (standing for School of Engineering). On December 31, the school announced that it had purchased all of the equipment of WCBD in Zion, Illinois (one of the first religious stations for the city's Christ Community Church, which also preached "flat earth" information). The purchase included a new, more powerful (500-watt) transmitter and twin towers, which were mounted atop the school's Oneida (now Wells) Street building. The new WSOE was dedicated on July 8, 1925. At that time, The Wisconsin News took over programming the station full-time, while the School of Engineering took care of technical operations. Formal approval of the power increase was issued on July 15.

The authorized power level was increased to 1,000 watts on April 21, 1927.

At 3:00 a.m. on June 15, 1927, the first of two major reassignments of radio frequencies made by the new Federal Radio Commission (FRC) took effect.  The reassignment affected almost 600 of the nation's 694 radio stations.  WSOE was shifted to a wavelength of 270 meters (1110 kHz).

The Journal Co. had programmed Marquette University's station, WHAD (which was unrelated to the current-day Delafield-licensed Wisconsin Public Radio outlet), since January 1925. It couldn't come to a satisfactory agreement with them on where to take the station, and at the suggestion of a Federal Radio Commissioner, decided to purchase another. On April 20, 1927, The Journal Co. purchased WKAF.

On June 1, 1927, WSOE was shifted to a frequency of 1110 kHz and its power reduced to 500 watts.  WHAD was assigned to a wavelength of 293 meters (1020 kHz), and ordered to share time with WKAF until the Journal Co. took over the latter station, at which time WHAD would be moved to another frequency. That happened on July 25, 1927, and the call letters were changed to WTMJ.

As a result, WHAD was shifted to 270 meters (1110 kHz) on September 15, and ordered to share time with WSOE.  On October 15, WSOE's power was cut to 250 watts.

To compete with WTMJ, The Wisconsin News entered into a lease arrangement with the School of Engineering on November 15, 1927. The lease was for a minimum of three years. The agreement specified that the newspaper was to "operate the station and furnish all financial support while its ownership and technical supervision was to remain in the hands of the school." Subsequent license applications filed on January 11 and 12 were filed in the name of the School of Engineering and The Wisconsin News, respectively.

WISN
To reflect the new arrangement, The Wisconsin News changed the call sign from WSOE to WISN on January 23, 1928.

With the issuance of its General Order 40 on August 30, 1928, the FRC assigned WISN a new wavelength of 267 meters (1120 kHz) at 250 watts of power. The new assignment took effect on November 11. It was also ordered to share time with WHAD, with WISN receiving six-sevenths of the available time, and WHAD one-seventh.  The studios, transmitter and towers were still located at the School of Engineering. WHAD had objected to the time-share arrangement with WISN, but its request to shift to 900 kHz was denied by the FRC on October 22.

WISN applied for permission to increase its power to 1,000 watts on July 29, 1930, and it was granted by the FRC on September 12. The station was sold to The Wisconsin News in November of that year.

The station continued to be located at the School of Engineering until 1932. That year, the School of Engineering reorganized itself as a non-profit corporation, and changed its name to the Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE). It moved from the Oneida Street building after purchasing the German-English Academy on North Broadway Street. Hearst also owned the morning newspaper, The Milwaukee Sentinel, and the WISN station offices and studios were relocated to its building on Michigan Street. The transmitter and tower were relocated to the top of the Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Co.'s Public Service Building, and the newspaper took over operational responsibility for WISN.

WHAD applied for 900 kHz again in 1929, under the understanding that it would share time with WLBL. Its application was denied as WHAD and WLBL had entered into a time sharing agreement. WHAD appealed to the United States District Court of Appeals, which subsequently upheld the FRC's decision. It subsequently tried to negotiate a better time-sharing agreement with WISN. The latter interpreted the 1/7 requirement to be one day, while WHAD interpreted it as divided over a week. On November 12, 1931, a hearing was held to decide the matter, and as a result, in licenses issued to the two stations effective on February 19, 1932, specified definite hours for the operation of each.

The Wisconsin News purchased WHAD from Marquette University in 1934, and on May 29, WHAD was deleted and WISN was able to broadcast seven days a week.  In 1937, The Wisconsin News became The Milwaukee News, though the newspaper folded in 1939. WISN then became The Milwaukee Sentinel station, but the call letters were not changed.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) shifted WISN to 1150 kHz in 1941 as a part of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA Havana Treaty).  The station shifted to its current frequency of 1130 kHz on March 11, 1965, at which time its power was increased from 5,000 watts into four towers to its current 50,000 watts days, 10,000 watts nights into nine towers. The stated purpose of this change was "bragging rights" as the highest-powered AM station in the entire state. (A Madison station formerly had "bragging rights" with 10,000 watts days and 5,000 watts nights into six towers). A further increase from 10,000 watts to 25,000 watts, nights, and the associated additional land and three additional towers, for a total of twelve towers, nights, was approved, but was never built, and the construction permit was subsequently canceled.

The Hearst era
The Hearst Corporation later purchased WISN, and in 1955, acquired a recently signed-on television station, WTVW (channel 12), which changed its call letters to match the radio station. Unlike WISN radio, which was a network affiliate of CBS Radio, WISN-TV was an affiliate of ABC and DuMont.  On February 1, 1956, WISN radio affiliated with the ABC Radio Network, aligning both radio and television properties with one network.  CBS placed advertisements in Milwaukee newspapers advising listeners to tune to WBBM in Chicago to hear their favorite CBS radio network programs.

In 1958, the station reacted to growing backlash of listeners and advertisers against the growing popularity of rock and roll, heard on other stations.  It declared itself to be "non-rock, anti-Top 40", marking it one of the oldest temporary formats in radio history.  To mark the event, the station played five hours of rock music, then burned the records in the station's courtyard.

In 1961, WISN-TV affiliated with CBS Television, while WISN 1130 stayed an ABC affiliate. That same year, Hearst signed on a sister FM station, 97.3 WISN-FM.  (This was the second time WISN had an FM sister station.  In 1949, it put WISN-FM on 102.9 MHz.  But few people in that era owned an FM receiver and the station was taken off the air.)  At first, WISN-FM largely simulcast the AM programming, but by the late 1960s, had switched to beautiful music.

The Milwaukee Journal reported on February 9, 1962, that ABC radio was discussing a possible move to Milwaukee's unaffiliated WRIT (1340 AM).  On August 11, 1962, the same newspaper reported that those negotiations did not result in ABC shifting to WRIT.  The ABC radio network affiliation remained with WISN.

Switch to Talk Radio
WISN aired a full service adult contemporary format from the 1970s until the 1980s.  Over that decade, it added more talk programming at night.  Then on August 19, 1987, it dropped all remaining music shows and changed to its current news/talk format.

In 1981 and 1982, WISN gained the rights to air Milwaukee Brewers games (and consequently, the team's current only World Series season); these were the only two (out of three, as WEMP aired games in the team's first year in 1970) years that WTMJ did not carry the team's games.

Sale to Clear Channel
In 1997, in the wake of the passage of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Hearst decided to expand its stake in television (creating Hearst-Argyle Television), and sold its radio stations except for two in Baltimore.  San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications bought WISN radio, along with sister station WLTQ-FM the next year.  Despite separate ownership, the radio stations continued to share studios with WISN-TV at N. 19th Street and Wells Street until 2000, when all five Milwaukee Clear Channel stations moved into WOKY's expanded facility on Howard Avenue in Greenfield.

WISN became the home for University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Panthers men's basketball broadcasts in 2007-08. The station was the home of Marquette University Golden Eagles men's basketball broadcasts from 1971 to 2006 before opting not to renew its contract.

In 2007 the station ended its affiliation with ABC Radio and switched to the Fox News Radio network for national reporting and newscasts, along with most Clear Channel-owned AM stations.  The ABC News Radio affiliation moved to WTMJ.

On July 27, 2009, the last remaining link between WISN Radio and WISN-TV was severed, when Clear Channel signed an agreement with WITI (Channel 6) to provide local news and weather content on its area stations. This ended a longtime agreement dating back to the Clear Channel sale for Weather Watch 12 to provide forecasts to the six stations in Clear Channel's Milwaukee cluster.

At the start of August 2012, WISN's programming began to air on the HD2 subchannel of FM sister station WRNW 97.3 FM, returning in some form 1130's programming to the former WISN-FM for the first time since FCC action forced broadcasters to end simulcasts of the same programming on their AM and FM signals. WRNW continues as a tenant on the WISN-TV tower, the only remaining link of the television station to its former radio sisters.  In 2014, Clear Channel Communications changed its name to iHeartMedia.

References

External links
1130 WISN
Milwaukee radio: a retrospective

FCC History Cards for WISN

ISN
News and talk radio stations in the United States
Conservative talk radio
Radio stations established in 1922
1922 establishments in Wisconsin
IHeartMedia radio stations

WISN (AM)


Fakhr al-Dīn Riḍwān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Rustam al-Khurāsānī al-Sāʿātī (died c. 1230), called Ibn al-Sāʿātī (son of the clockmaker), was a Syrian Muslim physician, government official and writer.

Riḍwān's father, Muḥammad, was a native of Khorasan who moved to Damascus, where Riḍwān was born. Riḍwān's brother, Bahāʿ al-Dīn ibn al-Sāʿātī, became a famous poet.

Muḥammad was a muwaqqit trained in clockmaking and astronomy who was commissioned by the Emir Nūr al-Dīn (1156–1174) to construct the water clock at the Jayrūn Gate by the entrance of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. Riḍwān also learned clockmaking and wrote a book in Arabic on his father's clock and the repairs and improvements he made to them, Risāla fī ʿamal al-sāʿāt wā-ʾstiʿmālihā. This work he finished in 1203, after his father's death. Although overlong and redundant, it provides details of manufacture not typically found in such treatises. It also provides evidence for the exchange of horological ideas between the Hellenistic world and Sasanian Iran. It has been abridged and translated into German.

Called Ibn al-Sāʿātī on account of his father, Riḍwān studied medicine, literature, logic and philosophy on top of clockmaking. He wrote commentaries on the Canon of Medicine and the Book of Colic of Ibn Sīnā. He became a practising physician, and served as the vizier of al-Malik al-Fāʾiz, son of the Sultan al-ʿĀdil I, and afterwards of his brother, al-Malik al-Muʿaẓẓam, emir of Damascus (1218–1227), whom he also served as a physician. According to Yāqūt al-Rūmī, Ibn al-Sāʿātī loved music and poetry. He could play the lute and he collected works of Arabic poetry into a book, the Kitāb al-Muhtārāt. He died at Damascus around 1230. Yāqūt, however, places his death in 1221.

Notes

Bibliography

People from Damascus
12th-century births
13th-century deaths
13th-century Arabic-language writers
Medieval Syrian physicians

Fakhr al-Din ibn al-Sa'ati


Ceramium deslongchampsii is a small marine red alga in the Division Rhodophyta.

Description
This species is a relatively small alga growing as dense tufts to no more than 12 cm long. Grows as densely branched monosiphonous axes consisting of large cells showing cortication only at the nodes. It branches pseudodichotomously but with abundant adventitious branches. The tips of the branches are straight or slightly in-rolled and without spines. The prostrate axes are attached by rhizoids.

Reproduction
Spermatangial sori, cystocarps and tetrasporangia are recorded.

Habitat
To be found on the rock, dead shells and other algae to a depth of 26 m.

Distribution
Generally common around Britain and Ireland. Recorded in Europe from Norway to France and the Mediterranean.

References

deslongchampsii

Ceramium deslongchampsii


Anelosimus pratchetti is a species of tangle-web spider found in New South Wales, Australia. Initial field observations indicate it is a subsocial spider. It lives in low elevation environments, including beachfront mangrove forests. It was identified by Ingi Agnarsson in 2012, who named the species after Terry Pratchett, whom Agnarsson described as "a comic genius".

Description
The total length of the spider is approximately , with females slightly larger than the males. The colouration pattern is similar to others in its genus: the prosoma is light yellow with grey lines, while the abdomen is lighter in colour with spots clustering off the midline.

Its primary diagnostic characteristic is the shape of the genitals. In males, the embolus is corkscrew-shaped. A similar shape is found in Anelosimus luckyi, although the embolus is longer in A. pratchetti. The female can be distinguished from others in the genus by the shape of the copulatory ducts and a unique triangular epigynal plate.

Distribution and genetics
The holotype specimen was collected from Berowra Valley Regional Park, at an elevation of approximately .  Additional specimens have been collected from Toolijooa at elevations of approximately . The species has only been found in Australia. The holotype and several paratypes were curated by the National Museum of Natural History.

The species uniqueness and placement in the genus has been confirmed by analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a closer link between Anelosimus pratchetti and two Madagascar species, Anelosimus sallee and Anelosimus may, than several geographically closer species within the same genus. The species on Madagascar have previously been identified as arriving in multiple migration events. The finding further illustrates the complexity of migration within the genus.

Sociality
Spiders within the genus Anelosimus have been studied due to their social structure. Most of the species within the genus are social or subsocial, with solitary species in the genus occurring within a single clade. Not all species within the clade are solitary, however, indicating a reversal within the clade. Two species closely related to A. pratchetti, A. may and A. sallee, have both been identified as subsocial.  Preliminary observations on A. pratchetti indicate it is subsocial as well.

References

Theridiidae
Spiders of Australia
Spiders described in 2012
Terry Pratchett

Anelosimus pratchetti


Downtown Elkins Historic District is a national historic district located at Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia.  It encompasses 65 contributing buildings in the central business district of Elkins.  It includes mostly commercial buildings constructed in the late-19th and early-20th century.  Notable buildings include the Dann Building (1897), Randolph Company (1896), Randolph Hotel (1893), Wallace Bakery (1895), railroad depot (1908), Ward Building (1908), First United Methodist Church (1904), Hotel Delmonte (1899), Darden Block (1906), Brown Building (1906), Stalnaker Block (1900), and Post Office and Federal Building (now City Hall, 1917).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.

Notes

References

National Register of Historic Places in Randolph County, West Virginia
Historic districts in Randolph County, West Virginia
Italianate architecture in West Virginia
Neoclassical architecture in West Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Buildings and structures in Elkins, West Virginia

Downtown Elkins Historic District


Horst Walther Overdick-Mejía, alias El Tigre (English: The Tiger), is a former Guatemalan drug lord and associate of the Mexican criminal group known as Los Zetas. He is known for helping Los Zetas cement their power in northern Guatemala. He was considered by the authorities as "one of the most prolific" drug lords in the country of Guatemala. He was arrested on 3 April 2012 in San Lucas, Guatemala.

Criminal career
Overdick began as a trader of cardamom, a spice used in cooking, then used his knowledge of import and export routes to help Los Zetas drug cartel move cocaine to the United States from Guatemala. Nevertheless, since 1999, Overdick has been trafficking cocaine into Guatemala by securing airstrips in the country for planes carrying hundreds of kilograms to land. By the year 2002, he was responsible for more than 1,200-kilogram cocaine shipments at airstrips that arrived at the country, which he and his associates later hid in trucks to transport to Mexico. Overdick then began to purchase cocaine directly from Los Zetas, a Mexican criminal group. In fact, reports mention that he was the "first person to ally himself with Los Zetas in Guatemala" and cement their presence in 2008. During the investigations leading to Overdick's arrest, the Guatemalan authorities recovered videos of Overdick with prominent members of the Zetas  at a "narco-fiesta," a large party hosted by drug traffickers in Guatemala, which took place at a horse race. Hand-written books with details of where the shipments of weapons, drugs, and money were also discovered by the authorities. And when his son Kevin Paul was captured by the authorities in July 2011, Overdick announced through radio that "men were going to start falling."

He was one of the most influential drug traffickers in Cobán, Alta Verapaz, and reports say that he "had been arrested before" but was later released because Overdick would "bribe or threaten" his prosecutors. Overdick was also the primary ally of Los Zetas in the provinces of Petén, Izabal, and Alta Verapaz, establishing a cocaine-trafficking link between South America and Mexico.

The Woodrow Wilson Center claimed that the DEA had listed Overdick as one of the most-wanted drug lords.

Arrest
On 3 April 2012, Overdick was arrested by Guatemalan police and United Nations investigators after they raided his home in San Lucas Sacatepéquez, just 20 km (12 miles) west of the capital Guatemala City. During the time of his arrest, Overdick did not have bodyguards, and was accompanied only by a man and a woman who have not been identified. All the firearms inside his home had a license, but they were still confiscated by the authorities. Soon after the arrest, the U.S. embassy in Guatemala congratulated the authorities for Overdick's arrest. The Interior Minister, Mauricio López, mentioned that Overdick was the "most important nexus for the Zetas" in the northern part of the country. The Guatemalan and U.S. authorities are looking to extradite Overdick to the United States.

Experts in drug trafficking, like Cynthia Arsons, claimed that the apprehension of Overdick would cause a wave of violence in Guatemala, since the same strategy of removing drug kingpins in Mexico has resulted in surges of violent.
Possible changes in Guatemala's criminal underworld
Throughout all of 2011, several important and long-established drug traffickers in Guatemala were arrested. This includes two members of the Lorenzana crime family, along with Juan Ortiz-Lopez, nicknamed as Juan Chamale, ranked by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) as Guatemala's "number one drug trafficker." Along with the arrival of Los Zetas, the past arrests have posed a threat to the "old generation of traditional narcos" in Guatemala, and raises questions on what is next for Guatemala's criminal underworld. And as Prensa Libre mentions, Los Zetas were not Overdick's only ally. Overdick also had an alliance with the organization of Mario Ponce Rodriguez's, who was arrested in Honduras in May 2011 and later extradited to the United States. His brother, Jorge Rodriguez, reportedly took control of the criminal group and made an alliance with Los Zetas. Overdick allegedly sold cocaine to the Zetas and to the Ponces. In addition, Overdick may have the same fate as Ponce, who is currently under custody in Miami and has agreed to provide intelligence on the structure of his organization for a soother life-sentence.

With the arrival and consolidation of Los Zetas, Overdick's alliance with them represented a new era for drug trafficking in Guatemala, mainly because the Zetas were eager to impose their military-like tactics instead of relying on family connections and support from communities as the Guatemalan crime families did.

Extradition process
A Guatemalan court authorized the extradition of Overdick to the United States on 13 June 2012, accusing him of being one of the top drug barons in Central America and a close associate of the Mexican drug cartel known as Los Zetas. Judges ruled that he was responsible for overseeing the drug flow of cocaine shipments from South America to the United States. The court also stated that Overdick had built several warehouses and clandestine dirt roads to traffic cocaine through land. Otto Pérez Molina, the president of Guatemala, must ratify the extradition before Overdick is sent to the United States. Overdick is believed to have granted Los Zetas with logistics necessary to set foot on Central America.

Extradition in Guatemala's justice system plays a huge role, largely because of political corruption, widespread immunity, and court weakness. Less than four percent of all cases are prosecuted, and top criminal leaders in Guatemala rarely face charges in their own country. In January 2011, the former president Alfonso Portillo was tried for alleged money laundering and embezzlement from charity donations. Aside from Portillo's scandal, what was at stake was the effectiveness of Guatemala's justice system. Many politicians before him – including several ex-presidents – were seen as "untouchable," and the extra cash they allegedly stole was "simply [their] reward for reaching the pinnacle." Nonetheless, despite the strong evidence against him, Portillo was acquitted of all charges and extradited to the U.S. Occurrences like this are not rare in Guatemala, since the failing court system must often rely on extradition to successfully impose justice and punish its criminals. Although there have been some pushes for extradition reforms, they are often filled with loopholes that delay the process. Guatemala's extradition practice, however, fails to address the country's weak justice system.

Extradition, imprisonment, and release
Overdick was extradited to the United States on drug trafficking charges on 10 December 2012. He was assigned Federal Inmate Number 91938-054 and incarcerated at the New York City Metropolitan Correctional Center, where he remains awaiting trial. He served over 6 years for drug-related charges. He was released from prison in April 2019 and deported back to Guatemala.

References

Guatemalan drug traffickers
Los Zetas
Living people
People of the Mexican Drug War
Guatemalan people imprisoned abroad
People extradited from Guatemala
People extradited to the United States
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Year of birth missing (living people)
People deported from the United States

Horst Overdick


Rossville is an unincorporated community in Warrington Township in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. Rossville is located at the intersection of Pennsylvania Route 74, Pennsylvania Route 177, and Old York Road northeast of Wellsville and southwest of Gifford Pinchot State Park.

References

Unincorporated communities in York County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania

Rossville, Pennsylvania


The Dodge Site is an archaeological site in the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio.  Located north of Bowling Green in Wood County, the site was inhabited by Middle Woodland and Upper Mississippian peoples.  Among the artifacts discovered at the site are ceramics and stone tools.  The site's stratigraphy is obvious: the Middle Woodland village site and cemetery can easily be distinguished from the Upper Mississippian occupation zone that sits on top of it.  While only a small portion of the 2.2 acre (0.89 ha) site has been excavated, the artifacts that have been discovered at Dodge have contributed significantly to an understanding of the western basin of Lake Erie around AD 1300.  Enough material has been recovered to facilitate radiometric dating, as well as identifying the peoples who once inhabited the site.  The excavations also revealed the intensity of occupation: the Middle Woodland layer was substantially larger than the exceptionally thin Upper Mississippian component.

In 1978, the National Park Service recognized the Dodge Site's archaeological value by listing it on the National Register of Historic Places.  Five years later, owners Henry Dodge and his wife donated the site to The Archaeological Conservancy in the interests of preservation.

References

Mississippian culture
Woodland period
Archaeological sites in Ohio
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Wood County, Ohio

Dodge Site


The Odzemek (in slovak Odzemok) is a Slovak solo traditional dance for men which always has an improvised character. The dance starts out slow and gets faster as the dance goes on, and is traditionally danced in Slovakia and also Moravian Wallachia. The name Odzemok comes from the words 'od zeme,' which means 'from the ground.'

Composers such as Antonín Dvořák composed these dances. The first dance from the Slavonic Dances Op. 72 is an odzemek.

References

European folk dances
Dance forms in classical music

Odzemek


Prosthetic makeup, which may also be referred to as special make-up effects or FX prosthesis, is the process of using prosthetic sculpting, molding, and casting techniques to create advanced cosmetic effects. Prosthetic makeup draws a straight lineage from the Stagecraft of theatre and can be observed at the birth of science fiction cinema with Le Voyage dans La Lune, a 1902 French adventure short film directed by pioneer of special effects Georges Méliès.

The work of makeup artist Jack Pierce furthered pioneered early Hollywood prosthetic work and is best remembered for creating the iconic makeup born by Boris Karloff in Frankenstein, his makeup for the Wolfman.

Notable artists
Modern prosthetic makeup was revolutionized by Christopher Tucker whose work on The Elephant Man was considered so ground breaking that when it failed to win any recognition at the 53rd Academy Awards letters of protests argued for it to receive an honorary awards – this was ignored but did lead to the creation of the Academy Award for Best Makeup the next year.
John Chambers, whose work can be seen in Planet of the Apes.
Dick Smith's work in Little Big Man.
Rick Baker in An American Werewolf in London, for which he won the 1st ever Oscar in the newly created category.
Stan Winston in the Terminator series.
Rob Bottin in The Thing.

Many of the techniques developed during that period are still regularly used in the field today. Additionally, many of these artists taught and inspired the next generation of Special Effects makeup artists, who in turn developed more advanced techniques for effects makeup, including developing different materials, animatronics and incorporating added computer elements.

Technique

The process of creating a makeup prosthetic appliance typically begins with concept art, created by the artist or production. Once the actor has been chosen, the effects artist will prepare the actor for the process of taking a mold of the actor's face, head or body part. This process is called lifecasting. Lifecast molds are made from prosthetic alginate or more recently, from skin-safe platinum silicone rubber. This initial mold can be relatively weak but flexible. A hard mother mold, also known as a jacket or matrix, is typically made of plaster or fiberglass which is created over the outside of the initial flexible mold to provide support. This mold is used to cast a copy of that part of the actor, in a hard resin or plaster type material to eventually use as a base for sculpting the prosthetic. This is considered a "positive" or lifecast.

Before sculpting the clay prosthetic over the positive, The positive must be prepared by adding "keys" or mold points along the edges of it, which are often added using clay or more plaster or carved into the lifecast, to make sure that the two pieces of the mold will fit together correctly. Often the lifecast will be given an additional border in clay or plaster in order to have an area free of detail and undercuts to add these keys. The entire lifecast with borders and keys included is then molded. This ensures a stable area with built in keys to sculpt the prosthetic over. This also provides the artist an easily duplicated copy, if needed. Multiple copies are typically used to make variations or stages of prosthetics or different prosthetics for the same actor.

Lifecasts of full bodies and body parts are also used and reused as the basis for making fake body parts, severed limbs, and various "gore" type effects used in horror films or films where body parts are required.

The prosthetic required will be sculpted over the lifecast of that body part to become the design intended. For example, if the desired look is a pig nosed person, then the artist would sculpt the pig nose over the actor's real nose on the lifecast or positive copy. The edges of the clay should be made as thin as possible, for the clay is a stand-in for what will eventually be the prosthetic piece. Once sculpted, the new addition of the clay sculpted prosthetic part must be molded. Since the positive has been prepared with the additional boarder and keys, it actually becomes part of the prosthetic mold itself. Once molded, and clay removed, new mold cleaned out, the positive is one part of the mold and the new mold is the other side which has the negative of the newly sculpted prosthetic. This gives two or more pieces of a mold - a positive of the face or body part, and one (or more for complex molds) "negative" mold piece(s) with prosthetic sculpted in.

To make the new prosthetic, material is cast into the mold cavity (where the clay used to be). The prosthetic material can be foam latex, gelatin, silicone or other similar materials. The prosthetic is cured within the two-part mold. The prosthetic is carefully removed and prepared for painting and or application to the actor.

Conflict with CGI
As the film/television industry continues to grow, so do the capabilities of the technologies behind it. Since the debut of newer technologies, many have feared that CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) will put practical SFX makeup out of business. CGI can be used to accomplish effects that simply aren't possible when working in practical effects.

Tom Woodruff Jr. and Alec Gillis, two experienced SFX artists from Amalgamated Dynamics near L.A., share what they see as the middle ground on the subject. In an interview, they explain that most movies use (out of necessity) a combination of practical effects and CGI. They see CGI as a tool that can be utilized in a positive or negative way, just like practical effects. Tom Savini (an SFX artist known for his work in Dawn of the Dead and Creepshow) states: "They still use the make-up guys to design the creatures and that's what they work from. I don't think you'll see make-up effects guys hanging out on corners with signs that say: WILL DO EFFECTS FOR FOOD."

Real-world use
Moulage is a process in which makeup is used to simulate different wounds and trauma in order to prepare medical, emergency, and military personnel for what they could experience in the field and lessen psychological trauma.

Other real-world uses are to create real disguises for Government agencies such as the F.B.I., C.I.A., Department of Justice, used to infiltrate possible terrorist groups. Special effects artists can create and apply special effects makeup prosthetics to undercover agents to gather intelligence for combating international terrorism. Disguises let officers and agents move around as another person to complete undercover work without jeopardizing their actual identity.

Another real word use of prosthetics is the appearance of wounds to emulate death to be used by agencies such as the police departments to make someone appear as the victim of a murder during " hit or murder for hire " stings. If a suspect hires a hit-man (killer) to murder someone, the police are able to stage a set of pictures or video to make the suspect believe that the "hit" or murder has been carried out. These situations are made to gather evidence on the suspect before the actual crime of murder has been committed.

Notable artists

 Lon Chaney (The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Phantom of the Opera, London After Midnight)
 Jack Pierce (Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Wolf Man (1941)
 John Chambers (Planet of the Apes original film series)
 Christopher Tucker (The Elephant Man)
 Dick Smith (Little Big Man,  The Godfather, The Exorcist)
 Rick Baker (An American Werewolf in London, The Nutty Professor, Men in Black, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, The Wolfman (2010)
 Tom Savini (Friday the 13th, Dawn of the Dead, Creepshow)
 Rob Bottin (The Howling, The Thing, Total Recall)
 Stan Winston (The Terminator, Predator, Jurassic Park)
Ve Neill (Beetlejuice, Mrs. Doubtfire, Ed Wood, Edward Scissorhands, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Hunger Games)
Michael Westmore (Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, Star Trek: Enterprise, Raging Bull, Rocky, The Munsters)
 Gregory Nicotero (The Walking Dead)
 Howard Berger (The Chronicles of Narnia film series)
Matthew W. Mungle (Albert Nobbs, The Butler, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Edward Scissorhands, Bram Stoker's Dracula)

Notable examples

 Tyra Banks - ABC News: Tyra Banks Experiences Obesity Through Fat Suit - showcased on her eponymous talk show on 4 November 2005
 Jennie Bond: Posh Swap: Jennie Bond (makeup process)
 Nina Bott:  fat makeup (before and after; makeup process).
 Vicki Butler-Henderson: Celebrity Swap. :(Vicki's entire head is covered with prosthetics during the makeup application.)
 Jim Carrey: How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000) (Grinch makeup)
 Samantha Fox: Race Swap and makeup process.
 Julie Goodyear: Age Swap and makeup application.
 Tommy Lee Jones: Harvey Dent/Two-Face in Batman Forever.
 Rebecca Loos: Gender Swap and makeup application.
 Kelly Lynch: [Mr Magoo] (various disguises, the old lady and makeup application, the balding man).
 James McAvoy among others in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.
 Rik Mayall: Drop Dead Fred
 Melinda Messenger: Celebrity Swap. (The makeup application for Melinda)
 Jack Nicholson: Jack Napier/The Joker in Batman (1989 film).
 Ron Perlman: several times in his career, but most notably as Hellboy
 Brad Pitt: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
 Katie Price (a.k.a. Jordan): Jordan Gets Even and makeup application.
 Linda Robson: Celebrity Swap. (Linda's makeup application)
 Arnold Schwarzenegger: as iterations of the Terminator in The Terminator and its sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines.
 Carol Smillie: Gender Swap and makeup application.
 Lea Thompson: A Will Of Their Own; Back To The Future Part II and Back To The Future (including makeup application).

See also
 Make-up artist
 Special effect
 Animatronics
 Facial prosthetic

References

Special effects
Cosmetics
Stagecraft
Prosthetics

Prosthetic makeup


Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl is a 1991 movie from Walt Disney Pictures. It's the first film of the Pirates of the Caribbean movies.

It was positively welcomed from both audiences and film critics and became one of the highest-grossing movies in cinema history.

Story

When the movie begins, a young girl named Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley) is seen on a ship with her father, who is the major of a British colony in the Caribbean. Elizabeth sees a boy in the water. The crew of the ship saves him. He is named Will Turner (Orlando Bloom). Elizabeth finds a chain around his neck with a golden medallion. This leads her to believe that Will is a pirate. She takes the medallion and keeps it.

Eight years later, Elizabeth has grown up, and her father is now governor of Port Royal. James Norrington, a commodore in the Royal Navy, proposes to her. She accepts, despite the fact that she in love with Will Turner, who is her father's blacksmith.

When James Norrington proposes to her, she faints (seemingly overcome by Norrington's proposal, but she actually fainted because her corset was too tight, and she could not breathe.) and falls off the ledge into the water below. Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) sees her fall and rescues her. Despite this, James Norrington believes Sparrow should be arrested. Jack then threatens Elizabeth's life, and tries to escape. However, his escape fails due to Will Turner and Sparrow is taken to prison.

That night, the cursed crew of the Black Pearl attack Port Royal and kidnap Elizabeth. Jack Sparrow escapes his prison. He steals a ship to travel to Tortuga, a pirate port where he hopes to assemble a crew. Will Turner goes with him to rescue Elizabeth. Jack Sparrow went to Tortuga for the treasure, not for Elizabeth. On Will and Jack's journey to Tortuga, Will finds out his father was a pirate.

Elizabeth, on board the Black Pearl, learns that the crew is under the curse of a chest of Aztec gold. They need the blood of each crew member to break the curse. However, Bootstrap Bill was killed, and they still need his blood, or the blood of his descendant. They believe Elizabeth is his descendant. They plan to spill her blood on the chest of Aztec gold in hopes to break the curse.

Will secretly takes Elizabeth to safety while the zombies of the Black Pearl invade the British ship positioned not far from the land. There is an epic fight between the zombies and the British, Jack Sparrow and Captain Barbossa (Captain of the Black Pearl), and Will Turner/Elizabeth Swan and some left over zombies.

Jack Sparrow uses his one shot to shoot Captain Barbossa and Will puts his blood on the Aztec Gold, causing the bullet to cause damage to Captain Barbosa.

The British win the fight against the zombies that are now humans. Jack Sparrow is captured by the British but Will Turner saves him from lynching and Jack escapes with the Black Pearl. Before Barbossa, he use to be the Captain of the Black Pearl.

Cast
 Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow
 Keira Knightley as Elizabeth Swann
 Orlando Bloom as Will Turner
 Jack Davenport as James Norrington
 Geoffrey Rush as Hector Barbossa
 Jonathan Pryce as Weatherby Swann

Related pages

 Pirates of the Caribbean
 Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End

References

Curse of the Black Pearl
1991 fantasy movies
1991 adventure movies
American adventure movies
1990s American fantasy movies
Disney movies
Movies directed by Gore Verbinski
Movies set in the Dominican Republic


Stuart A. Kirk holds the Marjorie Crump Chair in Social Welfare at UCLA and is a former psychiatric social worker. His research interests include mental health issues, particularly the creation and use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Kirk has authored, co-authored and edited many books, including most recently Mad Science: Psychiatric Coercion, Diagnosis, and Drugs (2013). He was former chief editor of the Social Work Research journal.

Education
B.A., Sociology, University of California, Berkeley;
M.S.W., University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana;
D.S.W. in Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley

Books
Kirk, S.A. and H. Kutchins. The Selling of DSM: The Rhetoric of Science in Psychiatry. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1992.
Kutchins, H. & S.A. Kirk. Making Us Crazy: DSM--the Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorder. NY: Free Press, 1997.
Kirk, S.A., (Ed.), Social Work Research Methods: Building Knowledge for Practice. Washington, D.C.:NASW Press, 1999.
Kirk, S.A. & Reid, W.J. Science and Social Work: A Critical Appraisal. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Kirk, S.A.,(Ed.), Mental Disorders in The Social Environment, NY: Columbia University Press, 2005.

References

American social workers
Living people
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs faculty
UC Berkeley School of Social Welfare alumni
University of Illinois School of Social Work alumni
Social work scholars
Year of birth missing (living people)

Stuart A. Kirk


Jaroslav Tůma (born 1956, in Prague, Czech Republic) is a Czech organist.

This organist, clavichord, harpsichordist and pianoforte player graduated from the Prague Conservatory and from the Faculty of Music of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (Milan Šlechta organ, and Zuzana Růžičková harpsichord). He won first prizes in organ improvisation competitions in Nuremberg in 1980 and in the Dutch city of Haarlem in 1986. He is also the laureate of a number of organ interpretation competitions, 1978 Linz, 1979 the Prague Spring competition and 1980 the Leipzig Bach competition. Through 1990 - 1993, he performed the complete works of Johann Sebastian Bach. He records for Czech radio, Czech television, and numerous recording companies. His discography includes more than twenty solo recordings. He has collaborated with Giedré Lukšaité-Mrázková, Irena Troupová, Barocco sempre giovane, Bohuslav Matoušek etc.

He is Professor of the Faculty of Music of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (his students: Petr Rajnoha, Pavel Kohout, Pavel Černý, Pavel Svoboda, Drahoslav Gric etc.) and is often invited to sit on juries of international organ or harpsichord competitions, e.g. the International Competition of the Prague Spring Festival, Petr Eben International Organ Competition in Opava, Internationale Orgelwoche in Nuremberg, Internationaal Orgelimprovisatieconcours in the Dutch city of Haarlem, and the Georg Muffat Competition in Schlägel in Austria.

References

External links
 Home page of Jaroslav Tůma
 Bach-cantatas.com
 Naxos.com

Czech classical organists
Male classical organists
Czech classical musicians
Czech harpsichordists
Clavichordists
Czech pianists
Musicians from Prague
1956 births
Living people
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century organists
21st-century Czech male musicians
Prague Conservatory alumni
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni

Jaroslav Tůma


Agostino Cacciavillan (14 August 1926 – 5 March 2022) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church, and a cardinal since 2001. He worked in the diplomatic service of the Holy See from 1959 to 1998; he was given the titles of archbishop and nuncio in 1998 and served as Pro-Nuncio to Kenya, India, Nepal, and the United States between 1976 and 1998. He then worked in the Roman Curia from 1998 to 2002 as President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.

Early life
Cacciavillan was born on 14 August 1926 in Novale di Valdagno; he had eight siblings. He studied at the seminary of Vicenza, and was ordained to the priesthood on 26 June 1949. He served as a curate for three years and then obtained a licentiate in social sciences at the Pontifical Gregorian University and at Sapienza University earned a doctorate in jurisprudence. In preparation for a diplomat's career, he completed the course of study at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy in 1957.

Diplomatic career
Cacciavillan entered the diplomatic service of the Holy See in 1959. He served as secretary of the nunciature to the Philippines (1960–1964), of the nunciature to Spain (1964–1968), and of the nunciature to Portugal (1968). From 1969 to 1974, he worked in the Vatican Secretariat of State, where he was also head of the Office of Information and Documentation. He was raised to the rank of Honorary Prelate on 26 August 1973.

On 17 January 1976, Cacciavillan was appointed Pro-Nuncio to Kenya and Apostolic Delegate to the Seychelles, as well as Titular Archbishop of Amiternum, by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on 21 February from Cardinal Jean-Marie Villot, with Archbishop Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy and Bishop Carlo Fanton serving as co-consecrators, at St. Peter's Basilica. He selected as his episcopal motto: "In Virtute Dei".

While nuncio to Kenya, Cacciavillan also served as Permanent Observer to the United Nations Environment Programme and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. He was named Pro-Nuncio to India on 9 May 1981, and the first Pro-Nuncio to Nepal on 30 April 1985. On 13 June 1990, he was named to succeed Archbishop Pio Laghi as Pro-Nuncio to the United States and Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States. He also served as the Holy See's representative to the World Association of Jurists.

While nuncio to the United States, Cacciavillan recalled years later, he received a phone call in 1994 from a woman warning of a "media scandal" if Pope John Paul II's 1995 visit to the United States included Newark, New Jersey where Archbishop Theodore McCarrick was the subject of rumors about inappropriate behavior with seminarians. He said that he forwarded the information to Cardinal John O'Connor, Archbishop of New York, and did not contact the Vatican. He was instrumental in the promotion of McCarrick to the see of Washington in 1999 over O'Connor's objections. In a letter to Cardinal Re, who had asked him for advice on McCarrick at the request of Pope John Paul II, Cacciavillan argued that no enquiry should be made into these letters' claims because "Nothing new would be learned, and worse, a 'trial situation' could be created against Msgr. McCarrick, leaving the impression of great concern, which would have the effect of receiving answers in harmony with the expressed concern, rather than a de-dramatization, whereas a de-dramatization might perhaps be justified."

Curia career
On 5 November 1998, Pope John Paul II appointed Cacciavillan to a five-year term as President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (APAS). He was created Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino in the consistory of 21 February 2001. He retired as President of the APAS when his resignation was accepted and he was replaced as president on 1 October 2002 by Attilio Nicora. Cacciavillan was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that elected Pope Benedict XVI.

Cacciavillan, as the longest serving cardinal deacon, was Cardinal Protodeacon, the cardinal who makes the Habemus Papam announcement upon the conclusion of a papal conclave, from 1 March 2008, when Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos became a cardinal priest until 21 February 2011, when he became a cardinal priest himself. In the Roman Curia, he was a member of the Congregation for Bishops, Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Congregation for the Causes of Saints, Pontifical Council for the Interpretation of Legislative Texts, Pontifical Commission for Latin America, and Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State. He lost these positions on reaching his 80th birthday.

Cacciavillan died at his residence in Vatican City, in the early hours of the morning on 5 March 2022, at the age of 95.

References

External links

1926 births
2022 deaths
Clergy from the Metropolitan City of Venice
21st-century Italian cardinals
Protodeacons
Apostolic Nuncios to the United States
Apostolic Nuncios to Kenya
Apostolic Nuncios to India
Apostolic Nuncios to Nepal
Permanent Observers of the Holy See to the Organization of American States
Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni
Pontifical Gregorian University alumni
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
Members of the Congregation for Bishops
Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Members of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops

Agostino Cacciavillan


Gregor Hammerl was President of the Federal Council of Austria in 2012.

Career
From 1986 to 1987, Hammerl was an organization officer for the Austrian People's Party in Graz. The following year, he became a member of the council in Graz and remained one until 2000. Hammerl became Executive Chairman of the Austrian People's Party in Graz and served in that capacity until 1999. He then served as Deputy Chairman from 2000 to 2004. In 2010, Hammerl joined the Federal Council. He became President of the Federal Council in 2012.

References

Politicians from Graz
Presidents of the Austrian Federal Council
Members of the Federal Council (Austria)
Austrian People's Party politicians
1942 births
Living people

Gregor Hammerl


Songs before Sunrise is a collection of poems relating to Italy, and particularly its unification, by Algernon Charles Swinburne. It was published in 1871 and can be seen as an extension of his earlier long poem, "A Song of Italy". Swinburne was partly inspired to write the songs by a meeting with Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini in March 1867.

External links

Full text at Project Gutenberg

1871 books
English poetry collections
Books about Italy
1867 in Italy
1871 in Italy
Poetry by Algernon Charles Swinburne

Songs before Sunrise


The Ancient Egyptian royal titles were a standard way of naming the pharaohs, the kings of Ancient Egypt. These names and titles showed the king's worldly and religious powers. The names could provide a sort of mission statement for the king. Names and titles sometimes changed during the reign.

By the Middle Kingdom the pharaohs used a set of five titles. The full set of titles, the titulary, using the five names, became the standard and were still in use as late as the Roman Empire.

Horus name

G5-O33
The Horus name is the oldest form of the pharaoh's name. It began in the Predynastic Period. Many of the oldest-known Egyptian pharaohs were known only by this title.

The Horus name was usually written inside a serekh. This was a symbol of a palace façade. The name of the pharaoh was written in hieroglyphs inside the serekh. Usually there would be an image of the falcon God Horus on top or beside it.

One Egyptian ruler, the 2nd dynasty Seth-Peribsen, used an image of the god Seth instead of Horus. Perhaps this was showing there had been some kind of religious division within the country. He was succeeded by Khasekhemwy, who placed the symbols of both Set and Horus above his name. Later kings always had the image of Horus beside their name.

By the time of the New Kingdom the Horus name was often written without the enclosing serekh.

Nebty ("two ladies") name
G16
The Nebty name, meaning "two ladies", was linked with the goddesses of Upper and Lower Egypt:
 Nekhbet, goddess of Upper Egypt, represented by a vulture, and
 Wadjet, goddess of Lower Egypt, represented by a cobra.

The name is first definitively used by the First Dynasty pharaoh Semerkhet. It became an independent title by the Twelfth Dynasty.

The Nebty name was not usually framed by a cartouche or serekh. It always begins with the hieroglyphs of a vulture and cobra resting upon two baskets, the dual noun "nebty".

Horus of Gold
G8
This was also known as the Golden Horus Name. The pharaoh's name featured the image of a Horus falcon perched above or beside the hieroglyph for gold.

The meaning of this title has been disputed. It could show the triumph of Horus over his uncle Seth, the symbol for gold meaning that Horus was "superior to his foes". Gold also was linked with ideas of eternity, so name may show the pharaoh's eternal Horus name.

Like the Nebty name, this name was not framed by a cartouche or serekh.

Throne name (prenomen)

M23:t-L2:t
The pharaoh's throne name, the first of the two names written inside a cartouche, with the title nsw-bity (nesu-bity, nesw-bit, nswt-bjtj).
It means "S/He of the Sedge and Bee". This is often translated as "King of Upper and of Lower Egypt", as the sedge and bee were symbols for Upper and Lower Egypt.

The term nsw-bity  may be from the Berber word for "strong man; ruler".(Schneider 1993)

The epithet neb tawy, "Lord of the Two Lands", meaning the valley and delta regions of Egypt was also often used.

Personal name (nomen)
G39-N5:.-
This was the name given to the pharaoh at birth. The name itself was preceded by the title "Son of Ra". This was written with the hieroglyph of a duck (za), a homonym for the word meaning "son" (za), next to an image of the sun, a hieroglyph god Ra. It was first introduced to the set of royal titles in the Fourth Dynasty and emphasizes the king's role as a representative of the solar god Ra. When the pharaoh was woman, the preceding title was interpreted as "daughter".

Modern historians usually use this name for the ancient kings of Egypt, adding ordinals (e.g. "II", "III") for different individuals with the same name.

Examples of the full titulary

Senusret I
In the Middle Kingdom, the full titulary was sometimes written in a single cartouche. This example is from Senusret I, from Beni Hasan.
Hatshepsut

The full titulary of Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Hatshepsut. This has a guide to pronunciation and the meanings, and shows the differences when the pharaoh is a woman:
 Praenomen: Maatkare, "Truth [Ma'at] is the Ka of Re"
 Nomen: Khnumt-Amun Hatshepsut, "Joined with Amun, Foremost of Noble Ladies"
 Horus name: Wesretkau, "Mighty of Kas"
 Nebty name: Wadjrenput, "She of the Two Ladies, Flourishing of years"
 Golden Horus: Netjeretkhau, "Divine of appearance" (Netjeret is the feminine form of netery meaning 'godly' or 'divine', and khau, 'appearances')

Thutmose III

The full titulary of Eighteenth Dynasty pharaoh Thutmose III, with a guide to pronunciation and meaning:
 Horus name: Kanakht Khaemwaset, "Horus Mighty Bull, Arising in Thebes"
 Nebty name: Wahnesytmireempet, "He of the Two Ladies, Enduring in kingship like Re in heaven"
 Golden Horus: Sekhempahtydjeserkhaw, "Horus of Gold Powerful of strength, Sacred of appearance"
 Praenomen: Menkheperre, "He of the Sedge and the Bee, Enduring of form is Re"
 Nomen: Thutmose Neferkheperu, "Son of Ra, Thutmose, beautiful of forms"

Bibliography

References

Other websites
 The Gold name,            the Horus name, the Royal Titulary, the Two Ladies and Thutmose I on Digital Egypt.

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian royal titles


Project Shield is an anti-distributed-denial-of-service (anti-DDoS) service that is offered by Jigsaw, a subsidiary of Google, to websites that have "media, elections, and human rights related content." The main goal of the project is to serve "small, under-resourced news sites that are vulnerable to the web's growing epidemic of DDOS attacks", according to team lead George Conard.

Google initially announced Project Shield at their Ideas Conference on October 21, 2013. The service was initially only offered to trusted testers, but on February 25, 2016, Google opened up the service to any qualifying website a Google-owned reverse proxy that identifies and filters malicious traffic. In May 2018, Jigsaw announced that it would start offering free protection from distributed denial of service attacks to US political campaigns, candidates, and political action committees.

References

External links

Google services
Internet security
DDoS mitigation companies

Project Shield


Richard Clark Ellsworth (March 22, 1940 – October 10, 2022) was an American professional baseball starting pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs (1958, 1960–1966), Philadelphia Phillies (1967), Boston Red Sox (1968–1969), Cleveland Indians (1969–1970), and Milwaukee Brewers (1970–1971). Ellsworth was an All-Star in 1964.

Career
Ellsworth was born in Lusk, Wyoming. When he was three years old, his family moved to Fresno, California. He played amateur baseball in Fresno as a teammate with future major leaguers Jim Maloney and Pat Corrales. Ellsworth graduated from Fresno High School in 1958.

In 1958, Gene Handley scouted and signed Ellsworth for the Chicago Cubs for a reported signing bonus of $70,000. After pitching well in an exhibition game against the Chicago White Sox, the Cubs had Ellsworth make his major league debut on June 22 against the Cincinnati Reds. Ellsworth allowed four runs, two wild pitches, and one hit by pitch before the Cubs took him out of the game. The Cubs sent him to the Fort Worth Cats of the Double A Texas League. After he spent the rest of the 1958 season and the entire 1959 season in the minor leagues, the Cubs promoted him to the major leagues for good in 1960.

Ellsworth won the National League Player of the Month Award in May 1963 as he allowed six earned runs in 42 innings pitched. For the 1963 season, he had a 22–10 win–loss record and a 2.10 earned run average (ERA). After the season, he won the Associated Press' Comeback Player of the Year Award, as he had finished the 1962 season with a 9–20 record. Ellsworth made the National League All-Star team in 1964.

After the 1966 season, the Cubs traded Ellsworth to the Philadelphia Phillies for Ray Culp. He had a 6–7 record and a 4.39 ERA for Philadelphia. After the 1967 season, the Phillies traded Ellsworth and Gene Oliver to the Boston Red Sox for Mike Ryan and cash considerations. He was traded along with Ken Harrelson and Juan Pizarro from the Red Sox to the Cleveland Indians for Sonny Siebert, Vicente Romo and Joe Azcue on April 19, 1969. On August 7, 1970, the Milwaukee Brewers purchased Ellsworth from Cleveland. Ellsworth returned to Milwaukee for the 1971 season. He had a 4.91 ERA for Milwaukee, and was placed on waivers in June.

In 1963, Ellsworth was inducted into the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame.

Personal life
During the baseball offseasons during his career, Ellsworth sold Serta mattresses. After his playing career, Ellsworth went into real estate. In 2005, Ellsworth joined an ownership group that purchased the Fresno Grizzlies of the Pacific Coast League.

He was the father of former MLB pitcher Steve Ellsworth.

Ellsworth died in Fresno on October 10, 2022, at the age of 82.

References

External links

1940 births
2022 deaths
Baseball players from Wyoming
Boston Red Sox players
Businesspeople from California
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Fort Worth Cats players
Houston Buffs players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Milwaukee Brewers players
National League All-Stars
People from Lusk, Wyoming
Philadelphia Phillies players
Baseball players from Fresno, California

Dick Ellsworth


Katunje is a village development committee in Dhading District in the Bagmati Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5906 and had 1425 houses in it.

The village is accessible from Dhading by dirt road (closed during monsoon season) and it takes around 1–2 hours to get to the village. In the monsoon season the road is closed and it is a 5–6 hour trek to the village.

There are at least 3-5 schools in the village. There is also an education initiative called Future Village  (a 2-storey cottage) for education of students.

References

http://ddcdhading.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ward-wise-pop-2011-dhading.pdf

Populated places in Dhading District

Katunje, Dhading


St John's Church, Bridgetown is a Church of England place of worship built in 1832 by Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset for the tenants of his estate in Bridgetown, Devon. The original church was gutted by fire on 9 July 1976 owing to arson. The church was rebuilt and reconsecrated by Eric Mercer, the Bishop of Exeter in 1980. It is a Grade II listed building.

When the church was built Edward St Maur contacted Henry Philpotts, the Bishop of Exeter as regards the consecration of the church. After a meeting and extensive correspondence between the Duke's solicitor and the Bishop's secretary it was resolved to make the church a chapel of ease attached to St Mary's Church, Berry Pomeroy.

From 1843 until 1869 the church was aligned with the Free Church of England.

References

Church of England church buildings in Devon
Churches completed in 1980
Churches completed in 1832

St John's Church, Bridgetown


William I, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (Frankfurt am Main, 12 May 1330 – 15 April 1389, Le Quesnoy), was the second son of Emperor Louis IV and Margaret II of Hainaut. He was also known as William V, Count of Holland, as William III, Count of Hainaut and as William IV, Count of Zeeland.

Biography
In 1345 William's father was conferring Hainaut, Holland, Zeeland and Friesland upon his wife Margaret, and shortly later also upon their son William. After his father's death in 1347, William ruled Bavaria, Holland and Hainaut together with his five brothers until 1349. With the first division of the Wittelsbach possessions in 1349 he received Hainaut, Holland and Lower Bavaria together with his brothers Stephen II and Albert I. After the next division of Bavaria in 1353, he ruled together with his younger brother Albert I in Bavaria-Straubing, Holland and Hainaut.

William had engaged in a long struggle with his mother Margaret, obtaining Holland and Zeeland from her in 1354, and Hainaut on her death in 1356.

In 1350, the nobles of Holland asked Margaret to return to Holland again. She then battled for the power in Holland and Hainaut for some years with her son William who refused to pay her alimony. The Cod league was formed on 23 May 1350 by a number of supporters of William. On 5 September the same year, the Hook league was formed. Soon afterwards, these factions clashed, and a civil war began.

Edward III of England, Margaret's brother-in-law through her sister Philippa of Hainault, came to her aid. In May 1351 William lost the naval Battle of Veere. A few weeks later, the Hooks and their English allies were defeated by William and the Cods in the Battle of Zwartewaal, which ruined Margaret's cause. Edward III shortly afterwards changed sides, and the empress saw herself compelled (1354) to come to an understanding with her son, he being recognized as count of Holland and Zeeland, she of Hainaut. Margaret died two years later, leaving William in possession of the entire Holland-Hainaut inheritance (July 1356). William was married to Matilda ("Maud" in the English style) of Lancaster, sister to Blanche of Lancaster.

In 1357, William began to show signs of insanity, going so far as to attack and kill one of his knights (Gerard van Wateringe) for no apparent reason, before he could be restrained. His brother Albert assumed the regency in Holland and Hainaut in 1358. William was confined to Castle Le Quesnoy for the remainder of his life.

Family and children

He married Matilda of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Isabel de Beaumont in London in 1352. They had only one daughter, who died in 1356.

Also, he had illegitimate children:
 Wilhelm, married 1398 Lisbeth Hughe.
 Elisabeth, married Brustijn van Herwijnen, lord of Stavenisse.

He was succeeded by his brother Albert in 1389.

See also
Counts of Hainaut family tree

References

|-

|-

1330 births
1389 deaths
People of the Hook and Cod wars
14th-century dukes of Bavaria
Nobility from Frankfurt am Main
House of Wittelsbach
Counts of Hainaut
Counts of Holland
5th Earl of Leicester
14th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
Sons of emperors
Children of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Sons of kings
14th-century counts in Europe

William I, Duke of Bavaria


Mustafa Emirbayer is an American sociologist and professor of sociology at University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is known for his theoretical contributions to social network analysis, and is "one of the most vocal advocates of the relational approach in the social sciences." In 2009 he won the Lewis A. Coser Award for Theoretical Agenda-Setting from the American Sociological Association.

Career

Emirbayer was born in Detroit, Michigan, to parents of Turkish and Crimean Tatar descent. He also spent part of his childhood in Santa Barbara, California, and his high school years in Mexico City, Mexico. He attended the University of California, Davis and received his BA in psychology (with minors in English and History) in 1980. He originally enrolled in the graduate program in psychology at the University of Michigan, where he first took coursework from the sociologist Charles Tilly. He soon realized that he wanted to study sociology as he felt psychology at the time neglected culture, institutions and history. Emirbayer went on to receive his MA in 1985 and PhD in 1989 from Harvard University, both in sociology. His dissertation was "Moral Education in American, 1830–1990" under the direction of Nathan Glazer (chair), Daniel Bell, David Riesman, and Theda Skocpol.

Emirbayer attended Harvard shortly after the "revolution" in social network analysis, and later at The New School, along with colleagues Charles Tilly and Harrison White, he played a key role in The New York School of relational sociology. In 2015, he became the editor-in-chief of the journal Sociological Theory.

Major contributions

When he was at the New School for Social Research, along with co-author Jeff Goodwin, Emirbayer won the 1994 Clifford Geertz Award for Best Article in Cultural Sociology for the article "Network Analysis, Culture, and the Problem of Agency".

Inspired by discussions at a series of mini-conferences organized by Harrison White at the Lazarsfeld Center, Emirbayer began to write a systematic statement regarding the "relational turn" he felt was necessary for sociology. In 1997 he published the Manifesto for Relational Sociology in the American Journal of Sociology, which brought various social theorists together under one label.

His most-cited publication, with Ann Mische, is their 1998 article "What is Agency?" In the article, the authors apply "relational pragmatics" to demonstrate the "dynamic interplay" of routine, purpose and judgement in explaining human agency.

In 2009 he was elected to the Chair of the Sociological Theory Section of the American Sociological Association. Also in 2009 he won the Lewis A. Coser Award for Theoretical Agenda-Setting.

In 2014, Emirbayer was a keynote speaker at Yale's Center for Cultural Sociology special conference on "Advancing Cultural Sociology".

References

Sociology of culture
Scientists from Detroit
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American sociologists
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
University of California, Davis alumni
University of Michigan alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Academic journal editors

Mustafa Emirbayer


Okada Saburōsuke (Japanese: 岡田 三郎助; 12 January 1869, Saga – 23 September 1939, Tokyo) was a Japanese painter in the Yōga style and a professor at the "Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō" (School of Fine Arts); precursor of the Tokyo University of the Arts.

Biography
His parents were vassals of the samurai Nabeshima clan. He attended a school that taught western-style painting, under the tutelage of Soyama Sachihiko (曽山幸彦). In 1891, he became a member of the "Meiji Bijutsu-kai" (Fine Arts Society) and, after Soyama's premature death, worked with  (堀江正章, 1852–1932), completing his studies in 1893.

That same year, he came under the influence of Kuroda Seiki (黒田清輝} and Kume Keiichiro (久米桂一郎), who had just returned from France. They introduced him the Barbizon school and the concept of plein-air painting. In 1896, he became an Assistant Professor of Yōga art at the Tōkyō Bijutsu Gakkō. He was also one of the founding members of "Hakuba-kai" (White Horse Society); a loosely organized artists' association, supposedly named after their favorite type of sake.

Later, the Ministry of Culture awarded him a stipend to study in France, where he worked with Raphaël Collin. When he returned in 1902, he was named a full professor. Shortly after, he married the daughter of playwright Osanai Kaoru (小山内薫). After 1907, he served as a juror for the annual art exhibition held by the Ministry (the "Mombushō Tenrankai"). In 1912, he and Fujishima Takeji (藤島武二) founded the "Hongo Institute for Western Painting". Seven years later, he was elected a member of the "Teikoku Bijutsu-in" (Imperial Academy of Fine Arts) and was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure.

In 1930, the Ministry of Culture sent him to Europe to speak with Hasegawa Kiyoshi and explore the possibility of staging an exhibition of modern Japanese art. Four years later, he was appointed an Imperial Household Artist.

In 1937, Okada received the Order of Culture., the highest honor in the Japanese cultural world. Overall, his art career showed an unusually smooth progression. Okada's painting subjects included both landscapes and portraits, and he was especially good at painting portraits of women. Under his brush, women were portrayed with warm skin textures, elegant features, and delicate traits. In 1907 he won the first prize of the Tokyo Industrial Exhibition for "Image of a Woman (Purple tone)". Later, he exhibited "Women in Red", "Japanese Bush Clover", and the "Portrait of Marquess Ookuma's Wife", establishing his reputation in painting portraits of women.

Selected paintings

References

Further reading
Nakamura Heisaburo: Okada Saburōsuke. In: Goto Shigeki (ed.): Gendai Nihon no bijutsu (Modern Japanese Prints), Vol.9. Shueisha, 1977.
Ōsumi, Tamezo:工藝圖譜 : 岡田三郎助蒐集 (Handicraft catalog: Okada Saburosuke's collection), 座右寶刊行會 (Zauhō Kankōkai), 1940.

External links

ArtNet: More paintings by Okada.

1869 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Japanese painters
Yōga painters
Recipients of the Order of Culture
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
People from Saga (city)
20th-century Japanese painters
Imperial household artists
19th-century male artists
20th-century male artists
Artists from Saga Prefecture

Okada Saburōsuke


Meltdown: Days of Destruction is a 2006 television film. It primarily concerns social breakdown, combat, and personal relationships during a heat wave of 110-140 degrees Fahrenheit.

Plot
An asteroid much larger than that which caused the Chicxulub Crater is attacked by a ten-megaton nuclear warhead minutes before its collision with Earth, breaking it into three pieces, the largest of which (the size of Iceland) bounces off the Earth's atmosphere.  This "substantially changes the Earth's orbit", resulting in an increase in temperature predicted to rise to 160 Fahrenheit within five days.  Authorities decide to inform the public of the problem after two days, touching off a wave of looting and attacks by gangs of police officers and criminals.  One family gets together, hotwires a refrigerated truck, and heads for an airport where they plan to meet with a plane taking them to a remote Arctic outpost.  Several gun battles ensue, until the disaster ends in a sudden rain as the Earth "finds its natural balance" with the gravity of the other planets as they manage to pull it back to its correct orbit.

External links

Syfy original films
2006 television films
2006 films
2006 science fiction action films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Meltdown: Days of Destruction


Clickradio was an internet startup whose flagship product was a radio program that sought to deliver uninterrupted and high quality music. Clickradio downloaded songs to the computer's hard drive, because high-quality audio streaming was not available at the time. Since the songs were downloaded to disk, users could listen while not connected to the Internet.

Service Offerings
Clickradio allowed users to rate songs and essentially create their own personalized radio station.  Users had the ability to vote on the songs they heard.  Choosing a "thumbs-up" would indicate they would hear the song more, and choosing "thumbs-down" meant they heard it less.  Users also had the option to "skip it" in case they didn't want to listen to a particular song.  Since it was free, five minutes of advertisements were set to occur for every hour of play time.

Users also could get information about the songs and artists that were currently playing, and even had the ability to purchase the album.

The music was encoded with the ePAC encoder from Lucent Technologies.  Since it was directly downloaded to the user's PC, the music was encrypted to help protect it against Internet piracy.

Company history
In April 2000, the company received special attention from its deals made with Universal Music Group, as well as BMG Entertainment. In August 2000 they also signed with Warner Music Group.  All of the (at the time) "big 5" music companies signed licensing deals with ClickRadio. The goal of Clickradio was to avoid any legal issues by signing with popular labels for their music.

The service launched in May 2000. The New York City company ceased operations in October 2001, having survived the Internet "bubble," but succumbing to the investment downturn in NYC that followed the September 11 attacks.

Clickradio was planning to switch to a subscription format instead of their previous free offering, and was planning a large relaunch of their site. That never happened, and the domain clickradio.com no longer exists.

References

External links
ClickRadio launch party
ZDnet.com: ClickRadio to put a DJ in your PC
Streamingmedia.com: More Options Ahead for Web Radio Fans
Digital Media Wire: Warner Music Grants License To Clickradio
Blackenterprise.com - A description of Clickradio's services and company
Lucent Technologies Licenses ePAC Music Coder to ClickRadio for Internet-Enhanced Digital Radio Service
Atnewyork.com: Clickradio Sidesteps Competition
Internetnews.com: Lucent Technologies Licenses Music Coder to ClickRadio
Funism.com: ClickRadio advertising

American music websites
Defunct software companies of the United States
Defunct companies based in New York City
Internet properties established in 2000

Clickradio


Ken Maddison is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played in the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership for the St. George Dragons (with whom he won the 1966 premiership) and later the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks (whom he captained). He was also a state and national representative, playing four Tests for Australia in 1973.

Playing career

St. George
Maddison started his first-grade football career  with St. George in 1965 and the following year appeared in his first grand final, the last of the Dragons' record-breaking 11 consecutive premiership wins. He won that first premiership as a  but later moved into the forwards and enjoyed success in his career as a wide running second-rower.

In the late 1960s after St George had lost the stars of their long reign, Ken Maddison's work ethic (along with the stellar brilliance of Billy Smith and Graeme Langlands) was a factor in keeping the club competitive, regularly finishing in the top five. Maddison played in the 1971 Grand Final loss to South Sydney, again in the centres. Ken's younger brother Keith Maddison also played alongside him at the Dragons in six seasons from 1966 to 1971.

Cronulla-Sutherland
In 1972 Maddison moved to the young Cronulla-Sutherland club, playing in the .

1973 was Maddison's career high-point when he became the first forward to win the Rothmans Medal for best and fairest player in the League, edging out Ron Coote by just one point. He also scored a personal best eight tries that year before playing in Cronulla's first Grand Final, the 1973 loss to Manly-Warringah 7 - 10.

Although Maddison played at a time when the loose forwards of the Souths' pack - Coote, Bob McCarthy, Gary Stevens and Paul Sait - dominated representative selections, he managed his Australian debut at the end of a great club season in 1973 when he was selected for the 1973 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France. He was one of the form forwards of the tour scoring two tries in the third and deciding Test against Great Britain. He played in all three Ashes Tests, in one Test against France and in nine minor tour matches scoring six tries in all. The following year he made his sole state appearance for New South Wales Blues.

Maddison continued playing for Cronulla-Sutherland until 1975. In 2006, he was named at second-row in a Sharks dream team.

References

External links
Ken Maddison at nrlstats.com
Kangaroos beat Lions at Wilderspool

1946 births
Australian rugby league players
St. George Dragons players
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
Western Suburbs Rosellas players
New South Wales rugby league team players
Australia national rugby league team players
Living people
Rugby league second-rows
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)

Ken Maddison


Penult is a linguistics term for the second-to-last syllable of a word. It is an abbreviation of penultimate, which describes the next-to-last item in a series. The penult follows the antepenult and precedes the ultima. For example, the main stress falls on the penult in such English words as banána, and Mississíppi, and just about all words ending in -ic such as músic, frántic, and phonétic. Occasionally, "penult" refers to the last word but one of a sentence.

The terms are often used in reference to languages like Latin and Ancient Greek, whose position of the pitch accent or stress of a word falls only on one of the last three syllables, and sometimes in discussing poetic meter.

In certain languages, such as Welsh and Polish, stress is always on the penult.

See also
 Acute accent
 Oxytone
 Paroxytone
 Proparoxytone
 Ultima (linguistics)
 Stress (linguistics)

References

Phonology
Greek grammar

Penult


Friendly Beaches Reserve is a 140 ha coastal nature reserve in eastern Tasmania, Australia, 190 km north-east of Hobart and 180 km south-east of Launceston.  It is located on the north-east side of the Freycinet Peninsula, bordering the Freycinet National Park.  It is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which it was purchased in 1997.

Natural values
The reserve contains coastal heath, woodland and a saltwater lagoon.  It protects one of the few remaining natural beach systems on Tasmania's east coast.  The Tasmanian devil has been recorded from the reserve.

Access
While visitors are welcome to walk along the beach bordering the reserve, access to the reserve itself is prohibited due to the threat of contamination by the soil pathogen Cinnamon Fungus.

References

External links
 Bush Heritage Australia

Bush Heritage Australia reserves
Nature reserves in Tasmania
East Coast Tasmania
Beaches of Tasmania
1997 establishments in Australia

Friendly Beaches Reserve


Patrick Herrmann (born 12 February 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays as a right winger for Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Germany national team.

Club career
Born in Saarbrücken, Herrmann began playing football at FC Uchtelfangen based in nearby Illingen. At the age of 13 he joined 1. FC Saarbrücken, before transferring to Borussia Mönchengladbach in the summer of 2008.

On 16 January 2010, Herrmann made his first team debut, appearing as a substitute in a Bundesliga match against VfL Bochum. Gladbach scored less than a minute later, with Herrmann providing the assist for fellow debutant Fabian Bäcker, but went on to lose the match 2–1. Herrmann appeared 13 times in the second half of the 2009–10 season, and was rewarded with a new contract, keeping him at the club until 2014. He signed a contract to 2019. In May 2019 he further extended his contract till 2022.

International career
Herrmann has represented the German national team at every level of youth football between the under-16s and under-21s. On 24 March 2013 he was called up for the senior national team for the first time, for a 2014 World Cup qualifier against Kazakhstan. Herrmann made his debut on 10 June 2015 at the RheinEnergieStadion in Cologne, starting the match and assisting Mario Götze's opener in an eventual 1–2 friendly defeat to the United States.

Career statistics

Club

International

References

External links

 Kicker profile

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Saarbrücken
German men's footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Bundesliga players
Borussia Mönchengladbach II players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players

Patrick Herrmann


Despinis eton 39 or Despinis eton 39 ( A 39-year-old Lady) is a 1954 Greek drama-comedy film directed by Alekos Sakellarios and starring Vassilis Logothetidis, Smaro Stefanidou and Ilya Livykou.

Plot
It starts for a classical theme of his brother/sister? which he cannot get married unless he first restore his brother.  In this, the downfall of a great person, loved by a younger lady which he absolutely to torn as an extreme between these messages about the marriage.  In order to hide her real age of the sister which she present as a 39 year old lady (as does as the movie title).  Later on, these different tragic comedy situations in which planned to failed.  The movie returned again by the same director in 1968 with Lambros Konstantaras in O Romios ehi filotimo

Cast

Vasilis Logothetidis - Tilemahos Karadaris
Smaro Stefanidou - Hrysanthi Karadari
Ilya Livykou - Fofo
Vangelis Protopapas - Kriton Stefanis
Stefanos Stratigos - Rokas
Thanasis Tzeneralis - Stamatis

See also
List of Greek films
Greek films of the 1950s

External links

Desp(o)inis eton 39 at cine.gr

1954 films
1954 comedy-drama films
1950s Greek-language films
Films shot in Egypt
Greek comedy-drama films
Greek black-and-white films

Despoinis eton 39