Address Unknown is a 1944 American film noir drama film directed by William Cameron Menzies based on Kressmann Taylor's novel Address Unknown (1938). The film tells the story of two families caught up in the rise of Nazism in Germany before the start of World War II.

Cinematographer Rudolph Maté employed shadows, shapes and camera angles to create the imagery. One notable scene shows Martin Schulz (Paul Lukas) descending a staircase awaiting his arrest by the Gestapo, with the shadow of a web-like criss-cross of window panes behind him.

Plot
Martin Schulz and Max Eisenstein (Morris Carnovsky) are good friends, German expatriate art dealers living in the United States. Martin's son Heinrich (Peter van Eyck) and Max's daughter Griselle (K.T. Stevens) are in love. When Martin and his wife return to Germany to find artwork, Griselle accompanies them to seek acting opportunities.

Martin meets Baron von Freische (Carl Esmond), joins the Nazi Party and becomes an important government official. Martin eventually insists that Max stop writing to him as Max is a Jew. When Max sends him a hand-delivered letter to confirm he is not acting under duress, Martin makes it clear they are no longer friends.

Griselle has been acting in Vienna under the stage name Stone when she lands the leading role in a play in Berlin. Before the premiere, the censor (Charles Halton) insists certain lines be cut (such as "Blessed are the peacemakers ...") as contrary to Nazi doctrine. On opening night, however, Griselle speaks the lines anyway. When the incensed censor makes her reveal her real name, it causes the antisemitic crowd to riot. The play's director hurries a still-defiant Griselle out of the theatre for her own safety.

Finally realising her danger, she seeks help from Martin at his country estate, but he shuts the front door in her face. Several gunshots are heard. Martin's wife, Elsa (Mady Christians), is appalled by her husband's heartlessness. Max and Heinrich learn of Griselle's death in a short letter in which Martin states only that she is dead.

Martin receives a telegram informing him that Max will resume writing to him and that Martin will understand his messages. Martin finds Max's first letter incomprehensible, as it seems to be in code. Martin is warned that receiving coded messages is illegal. When letters continue to arrive, Martin is forced to resign his party position.

Elsa decides to take their children to Switzerland. Martin sends with her a letter appealing to Max to stop writing to him. The border guards see the letter, so Elsa destroys it before they can read it, raising suspicions further. Von Freische demands that Martin name his associates. When Martin persists in proclaiming his innocence, von Freische tells him that the Gestapo will question him. Martin is terrified. He considers suicide, but that night, he leaves his mansion by the front door. Immediately, he is illuminated by a flashlight.

Back in San Francisco, a letter addressed to Martin is returned stamped "Address Unknown". A puzzled Max tells Heinrich that he had not resumed writing to his father. The reaction on Heinrich's face indicates that it was he who sent the letters.

Cast
 Paul Lukas as Martin Schulz
 Carl Esmond as Baron von Freische
 Peter van Eyck as Heinrich Schulz (as Peter Van Eyck)
 Mady Christians as Elsa Schultz
 Morris Carnovsky as Max Eisenstein
 K.T. Stevens as Griselle Eisenstein aka Griselle Stone
 Emory Parnell as Postman
 Mary Young as Mrs. Delaney
 Frank Faylen as Jimmie Blake
 Charles Halton as Censorial Pipsqueak
 Erwin Kalser as Stage Director
 Frank Reicher as Professor Schmidt
 Dale Cornell as Carl Schulz
 Peter Newmeyer as Wilhelm Schulz
 Larry Olsen as Schulz Boy (as Larry Joe Olsen)
 Gary Gray as Hugo Schulz

Academy Award nominations
Morris Stoloff and Ernst Toch were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score, and Lionel Banks, Walter Holscher and Joseph Kish were nominated for Best Art Direction.

References

External links

1944 films
1944 drama films
American black-and-white films
American drama films
Columbia Pictures films
1940s English-language films
Films about Nazi Germany
Films based on American novels
Films directed by William Cameron Menzies
Films scored by Ernst Toch
Films scored by Morris Stoloff
Films set in Germany
Films set in the 1930s
1940s American films

Address Unknown (1944 film)


Kotzebue Air Force Station (AAC ID: F-24, LRR ID: A-12) is a closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station.  It is located  south of Kotzebue, Alaska.

The ground control intercept (GCI) station was closed on 1 November 1983, and was re-designated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) site as part of the Alaska Radar System.  Today, it remains active as part of the Alaska NORAD Region under the jurisdiction of the 611th Air Support Group, Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.

History
Kotzebue AFS was a continental defence radar station constructed to provide the United States Air Force early warning of an attack by the Soviet Union on Alaska.

Construction of the station, began in 1957 and was completed in April 1958. The Army Transportation Corps undertook the project.  The station site was located on the Kotzebue Sound of Western Alaska, and equipment and construction material was floated by LST or a barge to a dock built on the coast .  Initially, there were no roads, which had to be built as part of the construction effort.  Each item had to be hauled up from the port area along the newly constructed road to the permanent station site.

The station consisted of a power/heating plant,  water and fuel storage tanks,  gymnasium and other support office buildings.  Two other buildings contained living quarters, work areas, and recreational facilities plus opportunities for such sports as skiing, skating, horseshoes, and basketball.  The station buildings were, except for the civil engineering building connected by heated hallways. As a result, personnel stationed there, with only very few exceptions, were able to wear "summer" uniforms year round, unless they had a need to go outside during the winter season. The coverings of the station's three radar towers were heated from within to keep the covering from becoming brittle from extreme cold, and thus subject to being damaged or destroyed by high winds. Tours at the station were limited to one year because of the psychological strain and physical hardships.  A 5-mile road connected the station to Kotzebue, where a civil airport was located and a town, one of Alaska's major tourist attractions.

The 748th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, activated in April 1958 operated AN/FPS-8, AN/FPS-4, AN/FPS-6, AN/FPS-20, and AN/FPS-87A  Kotzebue AFS operated as a Ground-Control Intercept (GCI) and warning station. As a GCI station, the squadron's role was to guide interceptor aircraft deployed to the forward operating base at Galena AFB toward unidentified intruders picked up on the unit's radar scopes.   In March 1953, the Manual Air Defense Direction Center (MCC) at Murphy Dome AFS near Fairbanks exercised control over Kotzebue's radars where the data was analyzed to determine range, direction altitude speed and whether or not aircraft were friendly or hostile.

Communications were initially provided by a high frequency radio system which proved unreliable because of atmospheric disturbances.  The Alaskan Air Command, after investigating various options, decided to build the White Alice Communications System, a system of Air Force-owned tropospheric scatter and microwave radio relay sites operated by the Air Force Communications Service (AFCS). The Kotzebue  site  was activated in 1958.  It was inactivated in 1979, and replaced by an Alascom owned and operated satellite earth terminal as part of an Air Force plan to divest itself of the obsolete White Alice Communications System and transfer the responsibility to a commercial firm.

Over the years, the equipment at the station was upgraded or modified to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the information gathered by the radars.  In 1983, Kotzebue received a new AN/FPS-117 minimally attended radar under Alaskan Air Command's SEEK IGLOO program. It was designed to transmit aircraft tracking data via satellite to the Alaskan NORAD Regional Operations Control Center (ROCC) at Elmendorf AFB.

No longer needed, the 748th ACWS was inactivated on l November 1983 and the station re-designated as a Long Range Radar (LRR) Site.  In 1990, jurisdiction of the Kotzebue LRR Site was transferred to Eleventh Air Force with the re-designation of AAC.

In 1998 Pacific Air Forces initiated "Operation Clean Sweep", in which abandoned Cold War stations in Alaska were remediated and the land restored to its previous state.  After years of neglect the facilities at the station had lost any value they had when the site was closed.  The site remediation was carried out by the 611th Civil Engineering Squadron at Elmendorf AFB, and remediation work was completed by 2005.

Current status
Today very little of the former Kotzebue Air Force Station remains.  The site is controlled by the Pacific Air Forces 611th Air Support Group, based at Elmendorf AFB. It is generally unattended; a few civilian contractors access the site for maintaining the facilities.

Air Force units and assignments

Units:
 748th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 1958–1983
 5059 Air Postal Squadron (Detachment assigned out of Elmendorf A.F.B.)

Assignments:
 11th Air Division

See also
 Alaskan Air Command

External links

 Alaskan Air Defenses
 Kotzebue AFS, AK

Radar stations of the United States Air Force
Installations of the United States Air Force in Alaska
Buildings and structures in Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
1958 establishments in Alaska
Military installations established in 1958
1983 disestablishments in Alaska
Military installations closed in 1983

Kotzebue Air Force Station


The Isle of Wight Wildcats are a Youth (Under 18) Ice hockey team based in Ryde on the Isle of Wight and are coached by Justin Attrill. They are sponsored by Wightlink and play in the second-tier of the South under 18 youth Ice hockey league (formally an under 19 league). The Wildcats are a source for the Wightlink Raiders and the Vectis Tigers  to find junior talent, if needed. The Wildcats won the Southern B League in 2001 and gained promotion to the Southern A League, but were relegated the very next year.

Many former Wildcats now play in the ENIHL for the Vectis tigers due to the change in age groups of British hockey from under 19s to under 18s.

References

Ice hockey teams in England
Sport on the Isle of Wight

Isle of Wight Wildcats


Clematis glycinoides, commonly known as headache vine, is a climbing shrub of the family Ranunculaceae, found in eastern Australia, and New Caledonia.

Name
Augustin Pyramus de Candolle described the species in 1817, from a specimen from the herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks. The species gains its common name from a folk use as a supposed remedy for headaches. The aroma from the crushed leaves is inhaled, appearing to relieve headaches as a result of the highly irritant properties of the resulting fumes. This process was explained by herbalist Cheryll Williams:
The uncomfortable sensation of breathing in the ammonia-like fumes has been described as "the head 'exploding', the eyes 'watering' and intense irritation of the nasal passages" – such that the initial headache was quickly forgotten.

Two varieties are recognised—C. glycinoides glycinoides and C. glycinoides submutica.

Description
Clematis glycinoides is a woody-stemmed vine that can reach  long, with simple lanceolate (spear-shaped) to oblong leaves that are  long by  wide. The cream-white flowers appear from July to December, although these
are most abundant in September. The species is dioecious: the plants have either male or female flowers. The seedheads have several feathery 'tails' up to  long.

Distribution
C. glycinoides is found in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. It grows in woodland, forests and rainforests, on basalt, limestone, shale or sandstone soils with good drainage. Open forest species that it grows under include grey myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia), grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata) and manna gum (E. viminalis), as well as floodplain forest trees such as cabbage gum (Eucalyptus amplifolia) and broad-leaved apple (Angophora subvelutina).

Honeybees visit the flowers.

C. glycinoides is possibly not as vigorous as other Clematis in cultivation, and requires moist conditions to do well. Its white flowers are considered to be an attractive feature.

References

glycinoides
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Victoria (state)
Plants described in 1817
Flora of New Caledonia
Dioecious plants

Clematis glycinoides


A train driver, engine driver, engineman or locomotive driver, commonly known as an engineer or railroad engineer  in the United States and Canada, and also as a locomotive handler, locomotive engineer, locomotive operator, train operator, or motorman, is a person who operates a train, railcar, or other rail transport vehicle. The driver is in charge of and is responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all of the train handling (also known as brake handling). In American English, a hostler (also known as a switcher) moves engines around rail yards, but does not take them out on the main line tracks; the British English equivalent is a shunter.

Train drivers must follow certain guidelines for driving a train safely.

Career progression
For many American railroads, the following career progression is typical: assistant conductor (brakeman), train conductor, and finally the engineer. For many years the fireman was next in line to be an engineer, but that classification has been eliminated. In the US, engineers are required to be certified and must then be re-certified every two to three years.

The traditional career progression in the United Kingdom (for steam locomotives) was engine cleaner, passed engine cleaner (i.e. the employee has passed the assessment for fireman), fireman, passed fireman (i.e. passed assessment for driver), and driver.

In India, a driver starts as a diesel assistant (or electrical assistant for electric locomotives). They then get promoted on a scale: goods, passenger, mail express, and the Rajdhani, Shatabdi, and Duronto express services.

The British transport historian Christian Wolmar wrote in October 2013 that train operators employed by the Rio Tinto Group to transport iron ore across the Australian outback were likely to be the highest-paid members of the occupation in the world at that time.

Notable train drivers

 Ben Chifley, former Prime Minister of Australia
 Christine Gonzalez, first female driver for a Class 1 railroad.
 Casey Jones, American engineer whose wreck on the Illinois Central Railroad on April 30, 1900 was immortalized in verse and music.

See also
 Conductor
 Fireman
 Motorman
 Secondman

References

Further reading

The following examine the role of the railroad engineer from 1890 to 1919, discussing qualifications for becoming an engineer and typical experiences on the job:

Wilson David C Forward! The Revolution in the Lives of the Footplatemen 1962–1996 Published by Suttons ISBN 0-7509-1144-1

External links

 TrainDriver.org – A detailed explanation of what train driving involves, and becoming a train driver in the UK

Driver

Train driver


Charles Cecil Ingersoll Merritt VC, ED (10 November 1908 – 12 July 2000) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross and Member of Parliament.

Early life

Merritt was born in Vancouver, British Columbia on 10 November 1908, the son of Captain Cecil Mack Merritt, who was killed in the Second Battle of Ypres, on 23 April 1915. He entered the Royal Military College of Canada, H1866 in 1925 at the age of 16 and graduated with honours.

Career
He was commissioned into the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada (a Militia regiment) in 1929. Merritt read for the Bar and became a barrister in 1932. He practised law in Vancouver until mobilized at the outbreak of World War II.

Military service
Merritt served as an officer in the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada. At the outbreak of war, Merritt was promoted to the rank of major and in December sailed for England. In the next two years he held a variety of staff and regimental appointments and attended the War Staff Course at Camberley in June 1941.

From GSO2 of the 3rd Canadian Division, in March 1942, he was promoted to command The South Saskatchewan Regiment, Canadian Army, (Canadian Infantry Corps). Two months later, they moved to the Isle of Wight to train for the Dieppe raid.

Merritt led his regiment in the Dieppe raid on 19 August 1942. Before being taken as a prisoner of war, Merritt was wounded twice. For his extreme bravery and inspirational leadership under fire, Merritt was awarded the Victoria Cross.

Two experienced British Commando units (Numbers 3 and 4) were assigned to land before dawn to destroy German heavy gun batteries on promontories east and west of the port, a task in which they were largely successful. Two Canadian battalions were scheduled to land at the same time to the immediate east and west of Dieppe to give land ward support to the attacks on the guns and to form a secure perimeter for the main force to land.

The right flank Canadian battalion assigned to Green Beach was the South Saskatchewan Regiment commanded by Merritt. His objectives were Pourville, west of the port, then the cliffs above the village.

His force crossed the Channel in Royal Navy destroyers, transferred to landing craft 10 miles offshore and reached Green Beach on time, in near darkness and unopposed. But the main part of the battalion was landed on the wrong side of the River Scie estuary and faced crossing a narrow bridge through Pourville in order to approach their objectives on the cliffs.

By then alert to the situation, the German defenders targeted the bridge with machine-gun and mortar fire. Initial Canadian attempts failed to storm the bridge, leaving it covered with dead and wounded. Merritt led the next rush forward, waving his steel helmet with the rallying shout, "Come on over. There's nothing to it!"

His audacity took the enemy by surprise; one group of men followed him over the bridge and others used the girders to cross. Merritt soon had most of his surviving men on the far bank, but shortage of mortar ammunition and lack of communications to the destroyers to call for supporting fire made any further advance impossible.

Meanwhile, the company landed on the west bank of the Scie had reached its objective and sent a success signal to the operation command ship. This and one from Lord Lovat's Number 4 Commando were the only two success signals sent in the entire operation.

Finding all moves towards his objectives blocked by concrete "pillboxes", Merritt led an attack on each in turn, personally killing the occupants of one by throwing grenades through the enemy's firing ports. When the last enemy strong point had been silenced, Merritt had been twice wounded and his battalion reduced to fewer than 300 men.

He held on to an improvised perimeter nevertheless, and kept contact with his section positions by moving from one to another after his runners had been killed. When the time came to move back to the beach, Merritt coolly gave instructions for an orderly withdrawal and announced his intention to hold off the enemy from a rearguard position in a small bandstand near the beach to cover the re-embarkation.

The South Saskatchewan battalion left 84 dead on Green Beach and 89 more, including Merritt and eight other officers, were taken prisoner. His citation for award of the Victoria Cross concluded: "To this commanding officer's personal daring the success of his unit's operations and the safe re-embarkation of a large portion of it were chiefly due."

Merritt was sent to prison camp Oflag VII-B at Eichstätt in Bavaria. Together with 64 others, he escaped through a 120 ft tunnel during the night of 3–4 June 1943. All were recaptured after a massive manhunt. Merritt was sentenced to 14 days' solitary confinement before being transferred to Oflag IV-C at Colditz Castle. He remarked after being freed: "My war lasted six hours. There are plenty of Canadians who went all the way from the landings in Sicily to the very end." He was dismissive of his time as a prisoner of war with the words: "It was an enforced idleness. It cannot be translated into virtue."

In recognition of Merritt being the Commanding Officer of The South Saskatchewan Regiment during Operation Jubilee, four streets in the Rosemont neighbourhood of Regina were named in his honour.  Charles Crescent, Cecil Crescent, Ingersoll Crescent, and Merritt Crescent.

Merritt is also remembered by a road called Merritt Drive in the City of Windsor, Ontario - the city which provided the Essex Scottish Regiment who assaulted 'Red Beach', Dieppe, as the South Saskatchewans were assaulting 'Green Beach' It is next to Tilston Drive, which refers to Major Fred Tilston VC, of the Essex Scottish Regiment who received his VC in Germany in 1945.

Postwar
After taking his release from military service in 1945, Merritt served as a Member of Parliament, being elected to the House of Commons of Canada, serving the electoral district of Vancouver—Burrard from 1945 to 1949.

Returning from Ottawa, he resumed his law practice in Vancouver and served as Commanding Officer of the Seaforth Highlanders of Canada from 1951 to 1954; he later was Honorary Lieutenant Colonel of the regiment from 1963 to 1966.

Merritt served on the board of directors of Mount Pleasant War Memorial Community Cooperative Association from 1950 to 1994.

He became a valued rugby player for the Meraloma Club. Brother officers spoke with awe of his skill at the informal hockey game shinny.

Family
In 1937, he married Grace Graham, the daughter of Jamieson Bone of Belleville, Ontario; they had two sons and a daughter.

Death and burial
LCol Merritt died at the age of 91 in Vancouver on 12 July 2000.

He was buried at Ocean View Cemetery, 4000 Imperial Street, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada in the Royal Section, Plot 49, Grave #5.

Medals
The LCol Merritt, V.C., medal set, which consists of the Victoria Cross, the 1939–45 Star, the Defence Medal, the Canadian Volunteer Service Medal with Overseas and Dieppe clasps, the British War Medal 1939–45 with Mentioned in Despatches (MID), the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal 1953, the Canadian Centennial Medal 1967, the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal 1977, the Canada 125th Anniversary Medal and the Efficiency Decoration with Canada Bar, was donated to the Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, some time after his death on 12 July 2000.

Legacy

Merritt, a graduate of the Royal Military College of Canada, is listed on the Wall of Honour in Kingston, Ontario.

Four streets in the City of Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, are named in honour of Merritt.  Charles Crescent, Cecil Crescent, Ingersoll Crescent, and Merritt Crescent.

The bridge over the River Scie in Pourville, where Merrit earned the VC, was renamed in his honour for the 50th anniversary of the raid in 1992.

In 2017, the First Year Flight of Montcalm Squadron was renamed from Savage Flight to Merritt Flight, in honour of this most distinguished graduate.

References

Antoni Chmielowski, P.L. Beuerlein, John Maybin, Edwin King, Dave Nelson, Cliff Fielding, Bob Strachan
Obituary: Lt. Col. Cecil Merritt, VC Electronic Telegraph, July 2000; Vancouver Sun 14 July 2000;The Times 17 July 2000

External links
 Lieutenant Colonel C.C.I. Merritt in The Art of War exhibition at the UK National Archives
 Canadian Government website biography and citation: MERRITT, Charles C.I.

1908 births
2000 deaths
Canadian World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross
Prisoners of war held at Colditz Castle
Lawyers in British Columbia
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Politicians from Vancouver
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Royal Military College of Canada alumni
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
20th-century Canadian lawyers
Canadian Army personnel of World War II
Canadian military personnel from British Columbia
Canadian prisoners of war in World War II
Seaforth Highlanders of Canada officers
South Saskatchewan Regiment officers

Charles Merritt


R-407A is a mixture of gasses used as a refrigerant.  It is a zeotropic blend of difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). R-407A was developed as a close match to R-22's capacities and flow rates, making it well suited as an energy efficient retrofit for R-22 in medium and low temperature refrigeration systems for supermarket and food storage applications, but not for air conditioning systems or those with flooded evaporators. It must be used with synthetic oils. Its global warming potential is 2107.

References

Refrigerants

R-407A


Little Loyalsock Creek is the major tributary of Loyalsock Creek in Lycoming and Sullivan counties, Pennsylvania, United States. The creek is  long. Via Loyalsock Creek and the West Branch Susquehanna River, it is part of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, and waters from it flow ultimately into the Chesapeake Bay.

Course
Little Loyalsock Creek has its source near the borough of Dushore in Sullivan County, then flows west-southwest to its confluence with Loyalsock Creek in the borough of Forksville.

See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania

References

External links
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 2001 Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams
Lycoming County Watersheds Map
History of Lycoming County Pennsylvania edited by John F. Meginness, ©1892 (copyright expired)
Official Lycoming County Map showing all townships, villages, boroughs, cities, county roads, rivers, creeks, and some streams

Tributaries of Loyalsock Creek
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Rivers of Sullivan County, Pennsylvania

Little Loyalsock Creek


Zork: The Great Underground Empire - Part I, also known as Zork I, is an interactive fiction video game written by Marc Blank, Dave Lebling, Bruce Daniels and Tim Anderson and published by Infocom in 1980. It was the first game in the popular Zork trilogy and was released for a wide range of computer systems, followed by Zork II and Zork III. It was Infocom's first game, and sold more than 400,000 copies.

Plot
The player steps into the role of an "adventurer". The game begins near a white house in a small, self-contained area. Although the player is not given any instructions, the house is point of interest.

When the player enters the house through a window, it yields a number of interesting objects: an ancient brass lantern, an empty trophy case, an intricately engraved sword, etc. Beneath a rug a trap door leads down into a dark cellar. But what appears the cellar is actually one of several entrances to an underground area—the Great Underground Empire. The player soon encounters dangerous creatures, including deadly grues, an axe-wielding troll, a giant cyclops and a nimble-fingered thief.

The goal of Zork I is to collect the Twenty Treasures of Zork and place them in the trophy case. Finding the treasures requires solving a variety of puzzles such as the navigation of two difficult mazes and some precise controls at Flood Control Dam #3.

Placing all of the treasures into the trophy case scores the player 350 points and grants the rank of "Master Adventurer." An ancient map with further instructions then appears in the trophy case. These instructions provide access to a stone barrow. The entrance to the barrow is the end of Zork I and the beginning of Zork II.

It is possible to score all 350 points in 223 moves (and win the game completely in 228 moves) by exploiting a bug.

Notes

Other websites
 View Zork 1 packaging  and Play Zork 1  online at the Gallery of Zork.
 Play Zork I: The Great Underground Empire online at iFiction.org
 Infocom-if.org's entry for Zork I

 Zork I Technical Info and Screenshot
 Zork I information and overview
 The Infocom Bugs List entry for Zork I
 Zork 1 Walkthroughs

Amiga games
Amstrad CPC games
Apple II games
Atari video games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Infocom
MSX games
NEC PC-9801 games
PlayStation games
Sega Saturn games
Zork

Zork I


Sayyid Abd al-Majid al-Musawi al-Khoei ( ;  ; 16 August 1962 – 10 April 2003) was a Shia cleric and the son of grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei.

Life

al-Khoei was born in Najaf. He lived and studied under his father in Najaf until 1991. During the Shia uprising of 1991 he took part in the fighting against Saddam's Ba'ath Party but also acted as a force of moderation attempting to minimize revenge killings. When the uprising was crushed he was forced to leave Iraq. His father died a year later in 1992 at the age of 93, while still under house arrest in Iraq.

In exile in London, he worked for the al-Khoei Foundation, a charitable foundation set up by his father in 1989. He became its head in 1994 when his brother, Mohammed Taqi, was killed whilst driving back to Najaf from a visit to Kerbala.

He was a critic of Saddam Hussein's rule: "The regime's criminal acts, beginning in 1968, have been never-ending. Executions, the closing of schools, mosques and shrines sacred to Shia worshipers; the burning of old religious scriptures; looting the sacred sites of gifts left by presidents and kings." He did, however, also call for unity. Speaking in December 2002, al-Khoei said, "We are looking for a new Iraq in which everyone has a share... we want to forget the past and shake the hand of everyone".

Assassination

He returned to Iraq in April 2003 after the fall of Saddam despite being warned of the dangers. He arrived in Najaf on 3 April. Speaking to The Times upon his arrival to the city, he said everyone "wanted news on Baghdad because they see that as the key test to whether this will be 1991 all over again." Though assigned protection, the protective unit could not follow him into the Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf on 10 April 2003. Here he was attacked and hacked to death by a mob.

According to witnesses, at the mosque he was walking with Haydar Al-Killidar Al-Rufaye, the custodian of the shrine under Saddam, and they were confronted by an angry mob, some of whom shouted "Rufaye is back" and others "Long live al-Sadr". The mob killed Al-Rufaye with bayonets and knives; al-Khoei, who was critically injured by this time, was killed later.

Muqtada al-Sadr was suspected by U.S. and Iraqi authorities of ordering the assassination. He was later removed as a suspect after no evidence led to him attempting to assassinate al-Khoei.

See also
Imam Al-Khoei Benevolent Foundation

References

External links
 Guardian Obituary
 An account of his murder
 BBC article
 Interview: Ghanim Jawad (May 2004)
 National Review article

1962 births
2003 deaths
Iraqi Shia clerics
People from Najaf
Iraqi Shia Muslims
People murdered in Iraq
2003 murders in Iraq

Abdul-Majid al-Khoei


Aristotelis Kourtidis (, Myriofyto, 1858 – Piraeus, 1928) was a distinguished Greek educator and writer.

Biography
He was born in Myriofyto of Eastern Thrace and lived the first years of his life in Istanbul, where he studied in the Great School of the Nation. In 1880 he went to Athens to study law at the University of Athens, but he did not complete his studies. Later he studied literature at the University of Athens and met the writer and historian, Dimitrios Kambouroglou through which he came in contact with the director of the Diaplasis ton Paidon (Children's Edification) magazine, Nikolaos Papadopoulos –whose sister later he married– and worked in the magazine.

From 1880 until 1893 he was chief editor of the Diaplasis ton Paidon, and he was publishing original or adapted children's stories. At the same time he collaborated with several magazines and newspapers such as Evdomas, Hestia, Clio, Panathinaia, Asty, etc.

In 1889, he went to Germany where he studied pedagogy and philosophy. On his return to Greece, he was professor at various schools like Arsakeio, the Athens Conservatory, the School of Greek Women Association and the Girls High School in Piraeus, which he directed until his death. In 1882, he was one of the founding members of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece and later participated in the establishment of the Royal Dramatic School.

Kourtidis had strong social and educational activity; he was one of the promoters of the demotic language, he signed with other scholars the statute for the establishment of the Educational Association and in 1917 he wrote one of the textbooks of the educational reform of Eleftherios Venizelos and contributed to the effort to improve the educational level of Greek women. He also gave a series of lectures on psychology and participated in numerous charitable activities.

Aristotelis Kourtidis died in 1928 in Piraeus of dengue fever. According to the website of the Greek Masonic Lodge, Kourtidis was a member of the lodge Pythagoras.

References

Bibliography
Aikaterini Dermitzaki (2013). Το Εθνικό Ιστορικό Μουσείο της Ιστορικής και Εθνολογικής Εταιρείας της Ελλάδος: ίδρυση, συλλεκτική πολιτική και άλλες δράσεις (1882–1926). Athens: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.

External links
Democritus University of Thrace, Poems by Kourtidis.
 Democritus University of Thrace, Biography.

1858 births
1928 deaths
Greek educational theorists
Greek poets
People from Mürefte
Greek male poets
Constantinopolitan Greeks
Writers from Istanbul
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to Greece

Aristotelis Kourtidis


The Egyptian Football Association () is the governing body of football in Egypt. A member of FIFA since 1923 and a founding member of CAF, the EFA has jurisdiction for the Egyptian football league system and is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The EFA headquarters is located in Gezira, Cairo. The EFA organizes the semi-professional Egyptian Second Division alongside the lower regional leagues in the third and fourth level of the league system.

Controversy

Christians comprise about 10–20% of Egypt's population, the majority of which are Coptic Orthodox Christians. However, there is no Christian representation on the national team. Furthermore, there are no Christians throughout the Egyptian Professional league's 540 roster spots. This disparity is believed to be due to the bias against accepting young talented Christian players at the clubs' youth level throughout the national league. This disparity has resulted in many Christians not feeling represented by the national team.

There have been complaints from the pro Christian group Coptic Solidarity filed to FIFA regarding the purposeful exclusion of Christians from the league, as well as their exclusion from Egypt's national team. A similar complaint was filled by Coptic Solidarity to the International Olympic Committee regarding the similar exclusion of Christians on Egypt's Olympic teams. The exclusions are cited as being systemic persecution against the Coptic Christians. Neither FIFA nor the IOC has taken action or conducted independent research to investigate these complaints.

See also
Egyptian Premier League
Egypt Cup
Egyptian Super Cup
Egyptian League Cup
Egypt national football team
Egypt women's national football team

References

External links

 Official website
 Egypt at CAF
 Egypt at FIFA

Football
Egypt
Football in Egypt
Futsal in Egypt
1921 establishments in Egypt
Sports organizations established in 1921
Association football governing bodies in Africa

Egyptian Football Association


The Cascadia Art Museum is an art museum in Edmonds, Washington, primarily featuring art from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The museum opened in 2015 and has a collection of over 200 works.

Location

The museum is located at 190 Sunset Avenue in downtown Edmonds, adjacent to the town's ferry terminal and train station. It is located inside a former Safeway grocery store built in the 1960s, sharing the building with several shops and restaurants. Once slated for demolition and redevelopment, it was bought by the Echelbarger family in 2012 to be renovated and modernized for new tenants. The retrofit exposed the building's timber frame and added wood elements sourced from the Pacific Northwest as an expression of the region's eco-consciousness.

History

The idea of a museum for Pacific Northwest art was conceived by Lindsey Echelbarger during the acquisition of the Safeway building in 2012; Echelbarger had been collecting Northwest artists' work for decades prior. The museum opened on September 12, 2015, with an exhibit from the Northwest Watercolor Society. In its first year of operations, the museum hosted six main exhibitions and grew its membership to over 600.

Collection and exhibits

The museum's primary focus is on artwork from the Pacific Northwest from 1880 to 1962, either from artists from the area or related to local places and events. Pacific Northwest art from this period, especially the years prior to 1930, has been largely forgotten by museums and collectors according to art historians. The region's artwork, according to curator David F. Martin, differs from the rest of the United States because of influences from Native American and East Asian culture. The museum features five galleries, which are divided into annual and quarterly rotations, and over 200 works that it leases and borrows from other collections.

The Cascadia Art Museum has featured works and exhibits from the Northwest Watercolor Society, Peggy Strong, Lance Wood Hart, and Northwest School artists John Matsudaira, Mark Tobey, and Morris Graves. The exhibits are curated by David Martin of the Martin-Zambito Fine Art gallery in Seattle.

References

2015 establishments in Washington (state)
Art museums and galleries in Washington (state)
Edmonds, Washington
Museums in Snohomish County, Washington
Museums of American art
Art museums established in 2015

Cascadia Art Museum


In mathematics, logic and computer science, a formal language (a set of finite sequences of symbols taken from a fixed alphabet) is called recursive if it is a recursive subset of the set of all possible finite sequences over the alphabet of the language. Equivalently, a formal language is recursive if there exists a Turing machine that, when given a finite sequence of symbols as input, always halts and accepts it if it belongs to the language and halts and rejects it otherwise. In Theoretical computer science, such always-halting Turing machines are called total Turing machines or algorithms (Sipser 1997). Recursive languages are also called decidable.

The concept of decidability may be extended to other models of computation. For example, one may speak of languages decidable on a non-deterministic Turing machine.  Therefore, whenever an ambiguity is possible, the synonym used for "recursive language" is Turing-decidable language, rather than simply decidable.

The class of all recursive languages is often called R, although this name is also used for the class RP.

This type of language was not defined in the Chomsky hierarchy of . All recursive languages are also recursively enumerable. All regular, context-free and context-sensitive languages are recursive.

Definitions

There are two equivalent major definitions for the concept of a recursive language:

 A recursive formal language is a recursive subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language.
 A recursive language is a formal language for which there exists a Turing machine that, when presented with any finite input string, halts and accepts if the string is in the language, and halts and rejects otherwise. The Turing machine always halts: it is known as a decider and is said to decide the recursive language.

By the second definition, any decision problem can be shown to be decidable by exhibiting an algorithm for it that terminates on all inputs. An undecidable problem is a problem that is not decidable.

Examples

As noted above, every context-sensitive language is recursive. Thus, a simple example of a recursive language is the set L={abc, , , ...};
more formally, the set

is context-sensitive and therefore recursive.

Examples of decidable languages that are not context-sensitive are more difficult to describe. For one such example, some familiarity with mathematical logic is required: Presburger arithmetic is the first-order theory of the natural numbers with addition (but without multiplication). While the set of well-formed formulas in Presburger arithmetic is context-free, every deterministic Turing machine accepting the set of true statements in Presburger arithmetic has a worst-case runtime of at least , for some constant c>0 . Here, n denotes the length of the given formula. Since every context-sensitive language can be accepted by a linear bounded automaton, and such an automaton can be simulated by a deterministic Turing machine with worst-case running time at most  for some constant c , the set of valid formulas in Presburger arithmetic is not context-sensitive. On positive side, it is known that there is a deterministic Turing machine running in time at most triply exponential in n that decides the set of true formulas in Presburger arithmetic . Thus, this is an example of a language that is decidable but not context-sensitive.

Closure properties

Recursive languages are closed under the following operations. That is, if L and P are two recursive languages, then the following languages are recursive as well:
 The Kleene star
 The image φ(L) under an e-free homomorphism φ
 The concatenation
 The union
 The intersection
 The complement of
 The set difference

The last property follows from the fact that the set difference can be expressed in terms of intersection and complement.

See also
Recursively enumerable language
Computable set
Recursion

References

Computability theory
Formal languages
Theory of computation
Recursion

Recursive language


ARGOS is a Decision Support System (DSS) for crisis and emergency management for incidents with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) releases.

System
In case of incidents with chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear releases, ARGOS can be used to get an overview of the situation, create a prognosis of how the situation will evolve, and calculate the consequences of the incidents. The target is accidents, as well as terrorist initiated events related to CBRN industries, transports of hazardous materials, and others.

ARGOS improves situation awareness, facilitates decision support, and information sharing among the emergency response organizations. As a simulation instrument, ARGOS is also valuable for training of response organizations, and for providing information to the public.

The ARGOS system makes intensive use of geographic information system (GIS) to display data on geographic maps. Colours are used to express the concentration, contamination, time-of-arrival, trajectories, doses or inhalation, and ISO curves can display important threshold levels. The GIS system can display NPP's – measuring stations and weather conditions like precipitation and wind fields.

For running short range prognoses, ARGOS can download a numerical weather prediction from the Met-Office in the country. As the main atmospheric dispersion model, ARGOS includes the RIMPUFF model from Risø National Laboratory.

User Group
The current member countries of the ARGOS User Group are (January 2017): Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Singapore, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom.

The ARGOS User Group has the objective of maintaining and further evolve ARGOS as a state-of-the-art decision support system for emergency response, as well as a network of expertise. The ARGOS User Group  arranges bi-annual meetings where all members have equal opportunities to influence the development of the system. The ARGOS User Group discusses experiences with ARGOS and decides which new facilities to develop, which new models to include, among others.

History
The original development of ARGOS started in 1992 by the Danish Emergency Management Agency and Prolog Development Center, in close cooperation with Risø National Laboratory and the Danish Meteorological Institute.

References

External links
 ARGOS DSS Homepage

Atmospheric dispersion modeling

ARGOS DSS


Viral arthritis is an infectious disease in poultry, such as chickens and turkeys, caused by Avian reovirus. Arthritis and tenosynovitis are the main signs of Avian reovirus infection in chickens, although the virus can cause other signs.

The prominent sign is swelling of the digital flexor and metatarsal extensor tendons. The hock joint itself is not so sharply affected, showing just a small amount of synovial exsudate when opened.

Vaccination is the primary method used to control this disease.

References

Poultry diseases
Animal viral diseases

Viral arthritis (poultry)


In the study of differential equations, a boundary-value problem is a differential equation subjected to constraints called boundary conditions. A solution to a boundary value problem is a solution to the differential equation which also satisfies the boundary conditions.

Boundary value problems arise in several branches of physics as any physical differential equation will have them. Problems involving the wave equation, such as the determination of normal modes, are often stated as boundary value problems. A large class of important boundary value problems are the Sturm–Liouville problems. The analysis of these problems, in the linear case, involves the eigenfunctions of a differential operator.

To be useful in applications, a boundary value problem should be well posed.  This means that given the input to the problem there exists a unique solution, which depends continuously on the input.  Much theoretical work in the field of partial differential equations is devoted to proving that boundary value problems arising from scientific and engineering applications are in fact well-posed.

Among the earliest boundary value problems to be studied is the Dirichlet problem, of finding the harmonic functions (solutions to Laplace's equation); the solution was given by the Dirichlet's principle.

Explanation
Boundary value problems are similar to initial value problems. A boundary value problem has conditions specified at the extremes ("boundaries") of the independent variable in the equation whereas an initial value problem has all of the conditions specified at the same value of the independent variable (and that value is at the lower boundary of the domain, thus the term "initial" value). A boundary value is a data value that corresponds to a minimum or maximum input, internal, or output value specified for a system or component.

For example, if the independent variable is time over the domain [0,1], a boundary value problem would specify values for  at both  and , whereas an initial value problem would specify a value of  and  at time .

Finding the temperature at all points of an iron bar with one end kept at absolute zero and the other end at the freezing point of water would be a boundary value problem.

If the problem is dependent on both space and time, one could specify the value of the problem at a given point for all time or at a given time for all space.

Concretely, an example of a boundary value problem (in one spatial dimension) is

to be solved for the unknown function  with the boundary conditions

Without the boundary conditions, the general solution to this equation is

From the boundary condition  one obtains

which implies that  From the boundary condition  one finds

and so  One sees that imposing boundary conditions allowed one to determine a unique solution, which in this case is

Types of boundary value problems

Boundary value conditions

A boundary condition which specifies the value of the function itself is a Dirichlet boundary condition, or first-type boundary condition.  For example, if one end of an iron rod is held at absolute zero, then the value of the problem would be known at that point in space.

A boundary condition which specifies the value of the normal derivative of the function is a Neumann boundary condition, or second-type boundary condition.  For example, if there is a heater at one end of an iron rod, then energy would be added at a constant rate but the actual temperature would not be known.

If the boundary has the form of a curve or surface that gives a value to the normal derivative and the variable itself then it is a Cauchy boundary condition.

Examples
Summary of boundary conditions for the unknown function, , constants  and  specified by the boundary conditions, and known scalar functions  and  specified by the boundary conditions.

Differential operators
Aside from the boundary condition, boundary value problems are also classified according to the type of differential operator involved. For an elliptic operator, one discusses elliptic boundary value problems. For a hyperbolic operator, one discusses hyperbolic boundary value problems. These categories are further subdivided into linear and various nonlinear types.

Applications

Electromagnetic potential

In electrostatics, a common problem is to find a function which describes the electric potential of a given region. If the region does not contain charge, the potential must be a solution to Laplace's equation (a so-called harmonic function). The boundary conditions in this case are the Interface conditions for electromagnetic fields. If there is no current density in the region, it is also possible to define a magnetic scalar potential using a similar procedure.

See also

Related mathematics:
Initial value problem
Green's function
Stochastic processes and boundary value problems
Sturm–Liouville theory
Sommerfeld radiation condition
Perfect thermal contact condition

Physical applications:
Waves
Normal mode
Electrostatics
Potential theory
Computation of radiowave attenuation in the atmosphere
Black hole

Numerical algorithms:
Shooting method
Direct multiple shooting method
Walk-on-spheres method
Finite difference method
Boundary element method

Notes

References
 A. D. Polyanin and V. F. Zaitsev, Handbook of Exact Solutions for Ordinary Differential Equations (2nd edition), Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2003. .
 A. D. Polyanin, Handbook of Linear Partial Differential Equations for Engineers and Scientists, Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2002. .

External links

 Linear Partial Differential Equations: Exact Solutions and Boundary Value Problems at EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations.

Ordinary differential equations

Mathematical problems

Boundary value problem


"Elusive" was the first single for British singer-songwriter Scott Matthews and was released on 18 September 2006. The single received much airplay from BBC Radio DJs Jo Whiley, Dermot O'Leary and Zane Lowe between 7 and 10 August. Lowe also played "Elusive" once each night as his chosen Single of the Week. Matthews also visited the station to perform "Elusive" and other songs from the album in May and August 2006. In May 2007, he won the Ivor Novello Award for "Best Song Musically and Lyrically" which saw "Elusive" beat strong competition from the likes of the Arctic Monkeys.

The track was used in 2008 by UK television company Channel 4 for the advertising campaign surrounding the final season of The Sopranos, which aired exclusively on their digital channel E4.

"Elusive" was covered by Lianne La Havas on her 2012 debut LP Is Your Love Big Enough?.

External links
 Official site
 BBC Black Country Music Page for Scott Matthews

References

2006 singles
2006 songs
Island Records singles

Elusive


The YCoCg color model, also known as the YCgCo color model, is the color space formed from a simple transformation of an associated RGB color space into a luma value (denoted as Y) and two chroma values called chrominance green (Cg) and chrominance orange (Co). It is supported in video and image compression designs such as H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, HEVC, VVC, JPEG XR, and Dirac. It is simple to compute, has good transform coding gain, and can be losslessly converted to and from RGB with fewer bits than are needed with other color models. A reversible scaled version with even lower bit depth, YCoCg-R, is also supported in most of these designs and is also used in Display Stream Compression. The more complete definition with variable bit depths of Y and chrominance values is given in ITU-T H.273.

History and naming
The earliest documents (circa 2003) referred to this color model as YCoCg. It was adopted in an international standard for the first time in H.264/AVC (in its second edition professional extensions project), which had primarily been designed to use the YCbCr color model. When it was adopted it was noted that the Co component carried the deviation toward red and was thus more similar to Cr than Cb, so the signal assignment and the naming was switched in the standard, resulting in the YCgCo alternative name (YCgCo is used in ITU-T H.273).

Properties
Advantages the YCoCg color model has over the YCbCr color model are simpler and faster computation, better decorrelation of the color planes to improve compression performance, and exactly lossless invertibility.

Conversion with the RGB color model
The three values of the YCoCg color model are calculated as follows from the three color values of the RGB color model:

The values of Y are in the range from 0 to 1, while Co and Cg are in the range of −0.5 to 0.5, as is typical with "YCC" color models such as YCbCr. For example, pure red is expressed in the RGB system as (1, 0, 0) and in the YCoCg system as (, , −). However, since the coefficients of the transformation matrix are simple binary fractions, it is easier to compute than other YCC transformations. For RGB signals with bit depth n, either the resulting signals would then be rounded to n bits or would ordinarily be n+2 bits when processing data in this form (although n+1 bits would be sufficient for Co).

The inverse matrix converts from the YCoCg color model back to the RGB color model:

To perform the inverse conversion, only two additions and two subtractions are necessary, with integer-valued coefficients, by implementing it as:
tmp = Y   - Cg;
R   = tmp + Co;
G   = Y   + Cg;
B   = tmp - Co;

The lifting-based YCoCg-R variation
A scaled version of the transformation, sometimes called YCoCg-R (where the "-R" refers to reversibility), can be implemented efficiently with a reduced bit depth. The scaled version uses a lifting scheme to make it exactly invertible while minimizing the bit depth of the three color components. For RGB signals with bit depth n, the bit depth of the Y signal when using YCoCg-R will be n and the bit depth of Co and Cg will be n+1, as contrasted with ordinary YCoCg which would need n+2 bits for Y and Cg and n+1 bits for Co.

Here, possible values for Y are still in [0, 1], while possible values for Co and Cg are now in [-1, 1].

The conversion from RGB to YCoCg-R is:

The conversion from YCoCg-R to RGB is then:

(All divisions are truncating, as in C. The forward transformation may be adapted to produce a similar implementation of YCoCg.)

It is also possible to pack all three elements in 3n bits using modulo arithmetic. However, the resulting discontinuity at wraparound can confuse subsequent stages of compression.

Efficiency gains
The screen content coding (SCC) extensions of the HEVC (H.265) standard and the VVC (H.266) standard include an adaptive color transform within the residual coding process that corresponds with switching the coding of RGB video into the YCoCg-R domain. Use of YCoCg color space to encode RGB video in HEVC-SCC found large (~20%) coding gains for lossy video, but minimal gains when using YCoCg-R to losslessly encode video.

The reversible variant gives 4.21 dB of coding gain, compared to 3.54 dB for the BT.470 color matrix and 3.98 dB for the JPEG 2000 reversible color transform.

Literature
 P. Agawane and K. R. Rao (Multimedia Processing Lab, University of Texas at Arlington), "Implementation and evaluation of residual color transform for 4:4:4 lossless RGB coding". International Conference on Recent Advances in Communication Engineering, Hyderabad, India, December, 2008.

References

YCgCo color space

YCoCg


Wat Aranyawiwake (Thai script: วัดอรัญญวิเวก, RTGS: Wat Aranyawiwek) is a monastery (wat) in the Thai Forest Tradition of the Theravada lineage of Buddhism. It is in Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Phra Ajahn Plien Panyapatipo is the current abbot of Wat Aranyawiwake, where he has resided since 1966. Wat Aranyawiwake was established and named by Luang Pho Mun Bhuridatta, the "father" of the current tradition of forest meditation monastics.

The monastery
Wat Aranyawiwake was originally an old monastic residence, established by a group of people from various families in Intakhin Sub-district, Mae Taeng District, Chiang Mai Province. They had deep interest and faith in Buddhism.

They invited virtuous monks, who were meditation masters, to reside in the village in order for them to hear the teaching of the Buddha. Later on, they heard of a monk who practiced meditation and stopped by a wat in Mae Taeng District, so they invited the Venerable Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta. Ajahn Mun accepted the invitation and gathered a group of disciples, to seek an appropriate place for practice of meditation. They searched for four days and Ajahn Mun found this place.

At the end of the rain retreat, Ajahn Mun and his disciples left the place to continue their austere practice. Ajahn Mun told his followers, who attended him in Ban Pong, that he had named this place "Aranyawiwake monastic residence".

See also
 Thai Forest Tradition
 Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta
 Luang Por Waen Sujinno
 Rain retreat

Further reading
 What Buddha taught website

External links
 Receive 2009 New Year Blessing from Luang Por Plien Panyapatipo

Buddhist temples and monasteries of the Thai Forest Tradition
Buddhist temples in Chiang Mai province

Wat Aranyawiwake


Terillus (; fl. early 5th century BC) was a son of Crinippus, tyrant of Himera, in Sicily, Magna Graecia.

Nothing is known about how Terillus rose to power.  Nor is there any information available to historians about the duration or events of his reign.  Rather, knowledge about Terillus relies on his interactions with other historical figures.

Terillus sought to consolidate his power as tyrant of Himera by giving his daughter Cydippe in marriage to Anaxilas, the ruler of Rhegium.  Terillus also maintained good relations with the Carthaginian general Hamilcar.

Hence, when Terillus was expelled in 483 BC from Himera by Theron, tyrant of Agrigentum, Terillus sought assistance from the Carthaginians.  His son-in-law, Anaxilas, not only supported his request to the Carthaginians for assistance, but offered his own children as hostages to the Carthaginians. In response, the Carthaginians decided to assist Terillus' bid to be restored to power in Himera.  Yet, they used Terillus' request as the basis for extending their own power in Sicily.  So the expulsion of Terillus by Theron of Acragas became the excuse for a major Carthaginian expedition under Hamilcar against the Greek cities in Sicily, which would end in a major Carthaginian defeat in the Battle of Himera in 480 BC.

Nothing is known of the fate of Terillus after the defeat of his allies at Himera.

Notes

Sicilian tyrants
Ancient Himeraeans
5th-century BC Greek people
Himera

Terillus


Lady Mi (190s) was a younger sister of Liu Bei's subordination Mi Zhu who arranged a marriage between her and Liu Bei after Liu Bei's wife or wives and children had been captured by Lü Bu in 196. Though information on her life is scarce, she is mostly remembered for sacrificing her life in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms at the Battle of Changban to assure that Zhao Yun and the infant Liu Shan are safe from their pursuers.

Life
Lady Mi was from Qu County (), Donghai Commandery (), which is present-day Lianyungang, Jiangsu. She had two brothers: Mi Zhu and Mi Fang from the influential and wealthy Mi clan in the Xu Province (present-day northern Jiangsu), who previously served the warlord Tao Qian. After Tao Qian's death, they supported Liu Bei to be the Governor of Xu Province and joined his side. When Lü Bu led his forces to seize Xiapi (下邳; present-day Pizhou, Jiangsu), the capital of Xu Province from Zhang Fei. Mi Zhu sponsored Liu Bei with all of his family wealth and Lady Mi become Liu Bei's first wife during his family absence. Some domestic complications must have followed, for we are told Liu Bei made peace with Lü Bu soon afterwards and his family was returned to him. Lady Mi is never referred to again.

Liu Bei's family was captured once more by Lü Bu in 198, to be again returned later, and in 200 he was obliged to abandon his dependants to Cao Cao: that group never rejoined him. Had the Lady Mi been involved in those later incidents, one might expect that she would have been mentioned so she probably died earlier about 197.

In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, during the Battle of Changban, Lady Mi was lost in the midst of the battle and was injured while carrying Liu Bei's infant son Liu Shan with her. Zhao Yun went to search for them and found them beside a well. Zhao urged her to follow him but she refused, not wishing to burden him. After entrusting Liu Shan to Zhao, Lady Mi committed suicide by throwing herself into the well. Zhao knocked down a wall to cover the well to prevent their pursuers from finding her body.

A poem honored her sacrifice with those lines:
  The embattled captain had to have his steed;
  On foot he could not save the little prince.
  Her death preserved the Liu dynastic line:
  For bold decision mark this heroine.

Later on, when Guan Yu met Liu Bei after they escaped with Lady Gan and saw that Lady Mi was absent, he asked his brother why he couldn't see his other sister in law. Liu Bei could only recount her heroic sacrifice to save Liu Shan in Dangyang. Guan Yu sighed and reproached him not going with his advice during Cao Cao's hunting expedition at the capital.

In popular culture

Video games
Mei Sanniang from Kessen II is based upon Lady Mi. In the game, she is an old friend of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. She serves as a political adviser and leads a cavalry unit into battle.

See also
 Shu Han family trees
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
 Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).

2nd-century births
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain
Family of Liu Bei
People from Lianyungang

Lady Mi


The Electron-Land Cup is a Go competition.

Outline
The Electron-Land Cup is sponsored by Korean Economic News, Baduk TV, and Cyber Kiwon. The format is lightning knockout. The tournament consists of 24 players split into 3 groups of 8. The first group is the Blue Dragon (Cheong-ryong), for players who are 25 or under. The White Tiger (Baekho), for players who are from 26 to 50 years old. The last group is the Phoenix (Bonghwang) for players 50 or above. The komidashi is 6.5 points, and the time limits are 20 minutes for each player plus byo-yomi. The final is a best of three match. The winner's purse is 40 million SKW/$42,500.

Past winners

Go competitions in South Korea

Electron-Land Cup


Marija Vujović (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Марија Вујовић, ) (born 19 May 1984 in Titograd, Yugoslavia, now Podgorica, Montenegro) is a Montenegrin model born in Yugoslavia.

She was discovered by Elite Model Management in her home town after friends talked her into participating and shot to fame at the Dries Van Noten show in Paris in 2002.
She has been featured in campaigns for a Dolce & Gabbana fragrance and Yves Saint Laurent's Rive Gauche. In 2006, Dolce & Gabbana cast Vujović in their Light Blue fragrance adverts that were shot by photographer Mario Testino in Capri. The commercial received 11 million online views, and according to British researchers, is among the sexiest television adverts ever made.

Vujović was photographed by Steven Meisel for the Dolce & Gabbana campaign, by Mert & Marcus for Bulgari Eyewear and by Michael Thompson for RMK.  She has also walked the catwalk for designers such as Calvin Klein, Donna Karan, and Gucci. Vujović walked in both the 2005 and 2007 Victoria's Secret fashion shows.

It was once falsely reported that she was related to the former President of Montenegro, Filip Vujanović. Actually, they are in no way related, as reported by the local media outlets.

She admires music and the stage: she studied classical piano for seven years at the Conservatory and has also taken acting lessons. She speaks English and Serbian. She has worked as a model in Serbia and in Montenegro.

References

External links
IMG Profile

Living people
1984 births
People from Podgorica
Montenegrin female models
21st-century Montenegrin people
21st-century Montenegrin women
20th-century Montenegrin people
20th-century Montenegrin women

Marija Vujović


Rosales Airport is an airfield located in Barangay Carmen, Rosales, Pangasinan, in the Philippines. During the World War II era, before and after the occupation of Clark Air Base by the Japanese, Rosales Airport acted as a secondary airfield for U.S. Air Force aircraft stationed there. Rosales Airport is listed by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines as a community airport and active for general aviation and more commonly known as 'Carmen Airstrip' for its proximity to the town.  Its dirt runway is listed with a length of 2625 ft.

http://www.the-airport-guide.com/airport.php?airports_id=12927

Airports in the Philippines
Transportation in Pangasinan
Buildings and structures in Pangasinan

Rosales Airport


The Thought Exchange is a 2012 New Thought Documentary Film based on a book by the same name, it was the directorial debut of Usher Morgan who also produced the film. The film stars David Friedman and Lucie Arnaz among others who appeared on the film and testified to the concepts taught by Friedman throughout the film, this was the first film ever released by Digital Magic Entertainment.

Plot and development
The Thought Exchange serves as a condensed introduction to the methods taught by David Friedman in his Thought Exchange book. The film uncovers methods of successfully implemented the Law of Attraction by a more comprehensive understanding of reality and how sensations are used to influence "deliberate creation", or as the film refers to as "manifestation". The film claims that human sensations are the leading factor in the success or failure of visualizations when one is attempting to "manifest"  a change in their life or their way of thinking. The film also discusses matters of reality, mind over matter, causality and the role of the observer in human beings as spiritual avatars.

After the release of David Friedman's book, Usher Morgan acquired the rights and developed the film with Friedman who also stars in the film. Many of the subjects who appear in the film are individuals who claim to follow the Thought Exchange principles and have used it to finally get the Law of Attraction to work in their life.

Critical reception

The film received mostly positive reviews in the media and by New Thought bloggers, Mark Bell of Film Threat gave the film 3 and a half (of five) stars and wrote: "I think The Thought Exchange is an intriguing concept, and deserving of more attention and thoughtful scrutiny than I'm able to give it based solely on a film review." Critic MichiGal wrote: "It is a thought-provoking learning experience, and I look forward to watching it again". Critics with Movie Sleuth wrote: "While the movie is much in the same realm as The Secret, the film is much lighter and doesn't feel like it's twisting your arm." Nick DeNitto, a film critic with Festival of Films gave the film a negative review: "There are many people who can watch The Thought Exchange and walk away with a new view of the world and a refreshing new start on life, but I wasn't one of those people. Friedman's theories aren't ludicrous, but they lack a sense of universality that makes them useful."

References

External links

2012 films
American documentary films
Documentary films about psychology
2012 directorial debut films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

The Thought Exchange (film)


Minuscule 455 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ΟΘ 41 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th or 14th century.
Formerly it was labelled by 85a and 95p.

Description

The codex contains the text of the Acts of the Apostles and Pauline epistles on 285 paper leaves (). It is written in one column per page, in 31-45 lines per page. The letters are written above lines. It contains Prolegomena, Synaxarion (liturgical book with hagiographies), and commentaries of Theophylact.

The order of books: Acts, Romans, Hebrews, Colossians, 1-2 Thessalonians, Titus, 1-2 Corinthians, 1-2 Timothy, Ephesians, Philippians, Galatians, and Philemon.

Kurt Aland the Greek text of the codex did not place in any Category.

History

The manuscript was examined by Birch, Scholz, and C. R. Gregory (1886). It was slightly collated by Scholz.

Formerly it was labelled by 85a and 95p. In 1908 Gregory gave the number 455 to it.

It is currently housed at the Laurentian Library (Plutei IV. 5) in Florence.

See also

 List of New Testament minuscules
 Biblical manuscript
 Textual criticism

References

Further reading

External links

Greek New Testament minuscules
13th-century biblical manuscripts

Minuscule 455


Alligator Island is one of the many uninhabited Canadian Arctic islands in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut. It is a Baffin Island offshore island located in Frobisher Bay, southeast of the capital city of Iqaluit. Other islands in the immediate vicinity include Algerine Island, Camp Island, Culbertson Island, Frobisher's Farthest, Low Island, Mark Island, McAllister Island, McBride Island, Metela Island, Mitchell Island, Pan Island, Peak Island, Pink Lady Island, Precipice Island.

References

Islands of Baffin Island
Uninhabited islands of Qikiqtaaluk Region
Islands of Frobisher Bay

Alligator Island


Mujer con pantalones is a Venezuelan telenovela created by Julio César Mármol and produced by Radio Caracas Television in 2004.

Marlene De Andrade and Mark Tacher starred as the protagonists with Winston Vallenilla and Alfonso Medina as co-protagonists and Eduardo Orozco as the antagonist.

Plot
María Isabel Torrealba "Micel" begins secretly working in her father's factory for two weeks, and she begins an affair with Juan José, her supervisor who doesn't know she is a Torrealba. Using a fake name, María Isabel begins investigating her older brother Vladimir who she suspects of extorting the peasants in the area. María also meets Salvador Diego Vega, her childhood friend whose father was a partner in the factory. Micel will have to navigate a world dominated by men up to the point of her willingness to sacrifice her feelings to achieve her goals so that she becomes "the woman wearing the pants".

Cast

Marlene De Andrade as María Isabel Torrealba / "Micel"
Mark Tacher as Salvador Diego Vega Andonegui
Winston Vallenilla as Juan José Rondón
Alfonso Medina as Neptalí Moreno Michel
Sheyene Gerardi as Guillermina Pérez
Daniel Alvarado as Pedro Pablo Torrealba
Julie Restifo as Cristina Galué de Torrealba
Wanda D'Isidoro as Leticia Hewson
Eduardo Orozco as Vladimir Torrealba Galué
Jalymar Salomón as Paulina Torrealba Galué
Flor Elena González as Candelaria de Lisboa
Margarita Hernández as Teresa "Teresita" Galué
Aura Rivas as María Benita Guerra
Javier Valcárcel as José Gregorio "Goyo" Lisboa
Yajaira Orta as Doña Dulia Andonegui
Mirtha Pérez as Tibaide Rondón
Estefanía López as Fernanda Rondón
Aileen Celeste as Esther Paulini
Paula Bevilacqua as Amaranta Torrealba Galué
Oscar Cabrera as Alfredito Lisboa
Cristal Avilera as Clementina
Crisbel Henríquez as Eliana Contreras
Andreína Álvarez as Linda Bombón
Marcos Campos as Evaristo Lisboa
Jeanette Flores as Camila "Camilita" Briceño
José Ángel Ávila as José María Estupiñán
César Bencid as Toribio Bertoloto
Simón Gómez as Gerardo Enrique Rondón
Andreína Mazzeo as Coromoto Olivares
Christian Chividatte as Eusebio Montiel
María Gabriela Maldonado as Daniela Romero (niña)
Carlos Arreaza as Armando López
Deyalit López as Lorena

References

External links

2004 telenovelas
RCTV telenovelas
2004 Venezuelan television series debuts
2005 Venezuelan television series endings
Spanish-language telenovelas
Television shows set in Caracas

Mujer con pantalones


The Republic of Pisa () was an independent state existing from the 11th to the 15th century and centered on the Tuscan city of Pisa. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade for a century, before being surpassed and superseded by the Republic of Genoa.

The republic's participation in the Crusades secured valuable commercial positions for Pisan traders, thereafter the city grew in wealth and power. Pisa was a historical rival to Genoa at sea and to Florence and Lucca on land.

The power of Pisa as a mighty maritime nation began to grow and reached its apex in the 11th century when it acquired traditional fame as one of the main historical Maritime Republics of Italy.

Rise to power
During the High Middle Ages the city grew into a very important commercial and naval center and controlled a significant Mediterranean merchant fleet and navy. It expanded its influence through the sack of Reggio di Calabria in the south of Italy in 1005. Pisa was in continuous conflict with the Saracens for control of the Mediterranean. In alliance with Genoa, Sardinia was captured in 1016 with the defeat of the Saracen leader Mujāhid al-'Āmirī (). This victory gave Pisa supremacy in the Tyrrhenian Sea. When the Pisans subsequently ousted the Genoese from Sardinia, a new conflict and rivalry was born between the two maritime republics. Between 1030 and 1035 Pisa went on to successfully defeat several rival towns in the Emirate of Sicily and conquer Carthage in North Africa. In 1051–1052, Admiral Jacopo Ciurini conquered Corsica, provoking more resentment from the Genoese. In 1063, the Pisans approached the Norman Roger I of Sicily, who was conducting a campaign to conquer Sicily that would last over three decades, with the prospect of a joint attack against Palermo. Roger declined due to other commitments. With no land support, the Pisan attack against Palermo failed.

In 1060, Pisa engaged in its first battle against Genoa and the Pisan victory helped to consolidate its position in the Mediterranean. Pope Gregory VII recognized in 1077 the new "laws and customs of the sea" instituted by the Pisans, and Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV granted them the right to name their own consuls, advised by a Council of Elders. This was simply a confirmation of the present situation, because at the time the marquis of Tuscany (the nominal feudal sovereign of Pisa) had already been excluded from power. Pisa sacked the Zirid city of Mahdia in 1088. Four years later, Pisan and Genoese ships helped Alfonso VI of Castile force El Cid out of Valencia. In 1092, Pope Urban II awarded Pisa supremacy over Corsica and Sardinia and at the same time elevated the Diocese of Pisa to the rank of metropolitan archdiocese.

Territories and administration

The territory subjected to the Republic of Pisa has had important variations over the centuries. During the period of great political and economic expansion, the republic had its own consoles with commercial farms and warehouses in many seaside cities: Gaeta, Naples, Salerno, Messina, Palermo, Trapani, Mazara del Vallo and in Tunis.

Pisan troops were among the first to conquer Jerusalem in 1099, and were led by their archbishop, Dagobert, the future Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. With significant presences in the Levant, in the Byzantine Empire and in the Crusader states of Palestine, particularly in Constantinople (where the Byzantine Emperor Alexius I Comnenus granted them special mooring and trading rights), Antioch, Latakia, Tyre, Acre, Jaffa, Tripoli, Alexandria and Cairo. In all these cities the Pisans were granted privileges and immunity from taxation, but had to contribute to their defense in case of attack. In the 12th century, the Pisan quarter in the eastern part of Constantinople had grown to 1,000 people. The well-known "Società dei Vermigli" was established in Tyre and was reported in the defense of the city against the attack by Saladin in 1187.

For some years of that century, Pisa was the most prominent merchant and military ally of the Byzantine Empire, surpassing the Republic of Venice itself.

Its influence also extended to the major islands of the Tyrrhenian Sea:

 Sardinia from 1207 to 1324.
 Corsica from 1050 to 1295.
 Balearic Islands from 1115 to 1184. Pisan merchants were among the initiators of the 1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition.

After the defeat of Meloria in 1284, the territory of the Republic gradually became more continental, limiting itself to the coast and to the immediate hinterland that from Migliarino to Piombino, with the islands of Elba, Gorgona, Pianosa, Giglio and Giannutri and the exclaves of Castiglione della Pescaia and Porto Ercole.

The important Pisan port, key to the entire state economy, was defended by some towers on the sea and on the land side by a fortified system of fortresses on the hills behind, having Lari as the seat of the captaincy of the upper hills, Crespina, Fauglia, Castellina, Rosignano and finally Livorno with the plan of Porto Pisano, essential outlet to dominate the western Mediterranean, while the area that intersected the Arno with the Valdera was defended by the castles of Appiano, Petriolo, Montecuccoli and finally, by order of foundation, that of  Ponte di Sacco (1392).

Inland, in perennial struggle with the Republic of Lucca, the Republic of Florence and Volterra, its borders were very fluctuating having as contested castles those of Buti, Palaia, Peccioli, Montopoli (until 1349), Lajatico, Chianni ( until 1325), Santa Maria a Monte, Pontedera and in Vecchiano. The main strongholds were the Verruca fortress, near Calci, which served as the cornerstone of the mountain defensive system on the Lucca border that ran from the ancient lago di Bientina to the Serchio with the castles of Caprona, Vicopisano, Asciano and Agnano. On the Florentine road to block the access to Pisa there was the castle of Cascina, the scene of important Battle of Cascina. Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina was long disputed by Volterra.

The Maremma territory south of the port of Vada was administered in the name of the republic by the Pisan counts of Della Gherardesca family with the castles located in numerous cities such as of Guardistallo, Bibbona, Riparbella and Suvereto.

Decline
The rivalry between Pisa and Republic of Genoa intensified in the 13th century and resulted in the naval Battle of Meloria (1284), fought right in front of the Pisan port, which marked the beginning of the decline of the power of the city, with the renunciation of any claim on Corsica and with the sale of part of Sardinia to Genoa in 1299.

Furthermore, from 1323, the Aragonese conquest of Sardinia began, which deprived the city of the dominion over the giudicati of Cagliari and Gallura.

Given the difficult economic and political situation of the now decadent Republic, on February 13, 1399, the lord of Pisa Gherardo Appiani sold the city and the countryside for the sum of 200,000 gold florins to Gian Galeazzo Visconti of the Pisan branch of the Visconti family to become lord of Piombino and obtain the appointment as Lord of Pisa.

However, the control of the Republic by the Visconti did not last long, in fact Pisa maintained its independence and dominion over that part of the Tuscan coast and beyond until 1406, when it was occupied by the mercenaries Angelo Tartaglia and Muzio Attendolo Sforza who ordered the annexation to the Republic of Florence.

With Florence's domination began an unstoppable decline of the city which, in the past centuries had spread its Romanesque architectural style, even in Sardinian churches. Suffocated the commercial and merchant traffic, which had characterized its efficiency for centuries, some of the most important Pisan families such as the Alliata, the Della Gherardesca, the Caetani and the Upezzinghi, to escape the Florentine domination, emigrated to other Italian city-states, in particular to the Kingdom of Sicily.

See also
 History of Pisa
 Maritime republics
 Republic of Genoa
 Republic of Florence

Notes

References

Citations
 Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.

External links

Republic of Pisa
Republic of Pisa
Populated coastal places in the Republic of Pisa
Gothic sites in Tuscany
Romanesque architecture in Tuscany
Pisa (Republic)
Italian states
1406 disestablishments in Europe
States and territories established in the 10th century
Italian city-states
Former republics

Republic of Pisa


Kelly the Second is a 1936 American romantic comedy film directed by Gus Meins and starring Patsy Kelly, Guinn Williams, and Charley Chase. This Hal Roach studio film was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The title is a pun, "Second" referring not to lineage but a boxer's corner man (or woman in this case).

It was Chase's final feature as well as his last film for Roach after a 15-year run at the studio; Roach was phasing out short subjects and didn't feel Chase could carry a feature, so he was let go.

Plot
After a traffic incident culminating in a brawl, feisty Molly Kelly (Kelly) comes up with the idea of making truck driver Cecil Callahan (Williams) a professional boxer, aided by her boss Doc Klum (Chase). Complications arise when mobster Ike Arnold (Brophy), impressed by Cecil's punching, declares himself a partner, putting additional pressure on him to win. Further muddying the waters is Ike's girl friend Gloria (Kelton), who's set her sights on Cecil, much to Molly's dismay.

Note: The gag of Cecil becoming enraged when he hears The Irish Washerwoman was recycled from The Three Stooges' short Punch Drunks, though in that case the song was Pop Goes the Weasel.

Cast
 Patsy Kelly as Molly Kelly
 Guinn Williams as Cecil Callahan
 Charley Chase as Doc Klum
 Pert Kelton as Gloria
 Edward Brophy as Ike Arnold
 Harold Huber as Spike
 Maxie Rosenbloom as Butch Flynn
 DeWitt C. Jennings as Judge
 Syd Saylor as Dan

Many of Roach's contract players appear in uncredited bits, including Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer, Max Davidson, Charlie Hall, Harry Bernard and James C. Morton.

References

External links

1936 romantic comedy films
1936 films
American romantic comedy films
American sports comedy films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
American black-and-white films
1930s sports comedy films
1930s English-language films
1930s American films

Kelly the Second


Santo Anibal Alcalá (born December 23, 1952) is a former Major League Baseball starting pitcher, born in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic. He batted and threw right-handed during his baseball career. Alcala was signed by the Cincinnati Reds organization as an amateur free agent and initially assigned to the minor leagues.

Major League Baseball career
Alcala made his major league debut on April 10, 1976, with the Cincinnati Reds. Alcala pitched to four batters, giving up four hits and three earned runs in his debut. In 1976, Alcala pitched one shutout. Despite winning 11 games in 1976, Alcala had an earned run average of 4.70, with a strikeout-to-walk ratio of 67–67. While Alcala's team went on to the World Series, Alcala didn't have any playoff appearances. At age 23, Alcala was the second youngest player on an aging 1976 Reds team. In 1977, Alcala had a 5.74 earned run average before being traded to the Expos, where he recorded a 4.69 earned run average. In his final major league appearance, Alcala pitched a scoreless inning in relief, bringing his 1977 earned run average to 4.83.

On May 21, 1977, the Cincinnati Reds traded Alcala to the Montreal Expos for players to be named later. The Expos later sent Shane Rawley and Angel Torres to the Cincinnati Reds to complete the trade. In 1978, Alcala was selected off waivers by the Seattle Mariners, only to be sent back to the Expos in the same year. He never pitched in the major leagues again.

At the time of his retirement Alcala had a 14–11 record, a 4.76 ERA, 121 walks, and 140 strikeouts. Alcala was 8 for 71 hitting, with a lifetime batting average of .113. His lifetime fielding percentage was .978.

References

External links

 40. Santo Alcalá P. Cincinnati Reds 1976

1952 births
Living people
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cincinnati Reds players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Indianapolis Indians players
Key West Conchs players

Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Montreal Expos players
Baseball players from San Pedro de Macorís
Portland Beavers players
San Jose Missions players
Sioux Falls Packers players
Truchas de Toluca players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico

Santo Alcalá


The Maison de Balzac () is a writer's house museum in the former residence of French novelist Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850). It is located in the 16th arrondissement at 47, rue Raynouard, Paris, France, and open daily except Mondays and holidays; admission to the house is free, but a fee is charged for its temporary exhibitions. The nearest métro and RER stations are Passy and Avenue du Président Kennedy.

The modest house, with its courtyard and garden, is located within the residential district of Passy near the Bois de Boulogne. Having fled his creditors, Balzac rented its top floor from 1840 to 1847, under his housekeeper's name (Mr. de Breugnol). It was acquired by the city of Paris in 1949, and is now one of the city's three literary museums, along with the Maison de Victor Hugo and the Musée de la Vie Romantique (George Sand). It is the only one of Balzac's many residences still in existence.

Balzac's five-room apartment was located on the top floor, at three levels, and as today opened into the garden. Here he edited La Comedie humaine and wrote some of his finest novels, including La Rabouilleuse, Une ténébreuse affaire, and La Cousine Bette. Although the writer's furniture was dispersed after his widow's death, the museum now contains Balzac's writing desk and chair, his turquoise-studded cane by Lecointe (1834), and his tea kettle and a coffee pot given to him by Zulma Carraud in 1832.

The museum also contains an 1842 daguerreotype of Balzac by Louis-Auguste Bisson, a drawing of Balzac by Paul Gavarni (c. 1840), a pastel portrait (c. 1798) of Balzac's mother Laure Sallambier (1778–1854), an oil portrait (c. 1795–1814) of his father Bernard-François Balzac (1746–1829), and 19th-century prints by renowned artists including Paul Gavarni, Honoré Daumier, Grandville, and Henry Bonaventure Monnier.

Since 1971, the house's ground floor has contained a library of the author's manuscripts, original and subsequent editions, illustrations, books annotated and signed by Balzac, books devoted to Balzac, and other books and magazines of the period.

In 2012, Balzac's House was renovated in order to meet current standards and now has a more modern appearance.

The house is also notable for underlying cavities which have been identified by pottery shards as former troglodyte dwellings dated to the time of the late Middle Ages. These excavations, however, are not open to the public.

Balzac's House is one of the 14 City of Paris' Museums that have been incorporated since January 1, 2013, in the public institution Paris Musées.

On July 23, 2019, the museum reopened, after work carried out on its unchanged site, with accessibility for people with disabilities, the creation of a café and a reception area and the redevelopment of the garden and the permanent route.

In order to highlight the museum, a Balzac prize is created in 2021 on the initiative of the mayor of the 16th arrondissement Francis Szpiner. The journalist and writer Pierre Assouline was chosen to preside over the jury which aims to reward "a work of contemporary fiction written not 'in the manner of Balzac' but in which we recognize the Balzacian imprint on the author".

Theater at the Maison de Balzac
 1993: The Muse of the Department
 1994 and 1999: Letters of Two Brides
 1998: Eugenie Grandet or history of a still life
 2012: Seraphita, adapted and directed by Ouriel Zohar, with Barbara Heman

See also
 List of museums in Paris
 List of works by Alexandre Falguière

References

External links
 Museum on Paris Musées' website
 Museum's web pages on paris.fr
 Paris Musées official website
 Frommers description

Museums in Paris
Historic house museums in Paris
Honoré de Balzac
Buildings and structures in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
Houses in Paris
Literary museums in France
Paris Musées
Maisons des Illustres

Maison de Balzac


The Demoniacs, first published in 1962, is a detective story/historical novel by John Dickson Carr set in the London of 1757.  This novel is a mystery of the type known as a whodunnit as well as being a historical novel.

Plot summary

Handsome young Jeffrey Wynne has just rescued pretty young Peg Ralston from a "fate worse than death"; she thought she was going to attend a French acting school, but soon learns that it is the "school for the French King's private brothel".  Wynne was hired by Peg's father Sir Mortimer Ralston to retrieve her, possibly without the knowledge of Sir Mortimer's mistress, Lavinia Cresswell (and her brother, dangerous swordsman Hamnet Tawnish), who would like nothing better than to see Peg put in Bedlam.  Wynne's ordinary job is somewhat similar; he is a thief-taker under the direction of Sir John Fielding, a real-life personage who was in charge of the Bow Street Runners despite his blindness.  Wynne and young Miss Ralston soon become involved in the mysterious murder of an ancient bawd who lives on London Bridge; the old woman seems to have no mark of violence upon her body, but what might be a fortune in jewels is missing.  The investigation of the crime leads Wynne through the heights and depths of society, including a bagnio in Covent Garden and a drinking bout with Laurence Sterne, until he perceives the well-hidden truth and solves the crime.

1962 American novels
Novels by John Dickson Carr
Historical mystery novels
Fiction set in 1757
Novels set in the 1750s
Novels set in London
Hamish Hamilton books

The Demoniacs