The Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) is a public college in New York City. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) and focuses on art, business, design, mass communication, and technology connected to the fashion industry. It was founded in 1944.

Academics

Seventeen majors are offered through the School of Art and Design, and ten through the Jay and Patty Baker School of Business and Technology leading to an A.A.S., B.F.A., or B.S. The School of Liberal Arts offers a B.S. in art history and museum professions and a B.S. in film and media. The School of Graduate Studies offers seven programs leading to a Master of Arts, Master of Fine Arts, or Master of Professional Studies.

In addition to the degree programs, FIT offers a wide selection of non-credit courses through the Center for Professional Studies. One of the most popular programs is the "Sew Like a Pro" series, which teaches basic through advanced sewing skills.

FIT is an accredited institutional member of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, and the Council for Interior Design Accreditation. FIT publishes research on store branding and store positioning.  In 1967, FIT faculty and staff won the first higher education union contract in New York State.

Campus
The nine-building campus in the Midtown South neighborhood of Manhattan includes classrooms, television and radio studios, labs, design workshops, and multiple exhibition galleries.

The Conference Center at FIT features the John E. Reeves Great Hall, a space suitable for conferences, fashion shows, lectures, and other events.  The campus also has two large theaters: the Haft Auditorium and the Katie Murphy Amphitheatre.

FIT serves more than 7,578 full-time and 2,186 part-time students. Four dormitories, three of which are on campus, serve approximately 2,300 students and offer a variety of accommodations. The George S. and Mariana Kaufman Residence Hall located at 406 West 31st Street—formerly a book bindery factory—was converted into residential apartments, to offer more housing near the campus for FIT students. The campus also has a retail food court/dining hall, a deli and a Starbucks.

Academic facilities

The Fred P. Pomerantz Art and Design Center offers facilities for design studies: photography studios with black-and-white darkrooms, painting rooms, a sculpture studio, a printmaking room, a graphics laboratory, display and exhibit design rooms, life-sketching rooms, and a model-making workshop. The Shirley Goodman Resource Center houses the Museum at FIT and the Library/Media Services, with references for history, sociology, technology, art, and literature; international journals and periodicals; sketchbooks and records donated by designers, manufacturers, and merchants; slides, tapes, and periodicals; and a clipping file. The Gladys Marcus Library provides access to books, periodicals, DVDs and non-print materials, and houses Fashion Institute of Technology Special Collections and College Archives. FIT also has many computer labs for student use. The Instructional Media Services Department provides audiovisual and TV support and an in-house TV studio. Student work is also displayed throughout the campus. Fashion shows featuring the work of graduating B.F.A. students occur each academic year.

The Design/Research Lighting Laboratory, a development facility for interior design and other academic disciplines, features 400 commercially available lighting fixtures controlled by a computer. The Annette Green/Fragrance Foundation Laboratory is an environment for the study of fragrance development.

Alumni

Well-known alumni of the school include the fashion designers Norma Kamali, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors (who did not complete his studies there), interior designer Scott Salvator, and film director Joel Schumacher.

The Museum at FIT

The Museum at FIT, founded in 1969 as the Design Laboratory, includes collections of clothing, textiles, and accessories.

It began presenting exhibitions in the 1970s, utilizing a collection on long-term loan from the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and then over time acquiring its own collection as well as thousands of textiles and other fashion-related material. In 1993, the Board of Trustees of FIT, noting the significance of the Design Laboratory's collections and exhibitions, changed the institution's name to The Museum at FIT. In 2012, the museum was awarded accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums.

The museum's permanent collection now includes more than 50,000 garments and accessories from the 18th century to the present.  Important designers such as Adrian, Balenciaga, Chanel, and Dior are represented. The collecting policy of the museum focuses on aesthetically and historically significant clothing, accessories, textiles and visual materials, with emphasis on contemporary avant-garde fashion.

There are three galleries in the museum. The lower level gallery is devoted to special exhibitions. The Fashion and Textile   History Gallery on the main floor features a rotating selection of approximately 200 historically and artistically significant objects from the museum's permanent collection. Gallery FIT, also located on the main floor, is dedicated to student and faculty exhibitions.

Past exhibitions include: London Fashion, which received the first Richard Martin Award for Excellence in Costume Exhibitions from The Costume Society of America, The Corset: Fashioning the Body, and Gothic: Dark Glamour. Other special exhibitions have included Isabel Toledo: Fashion From the Inside Out, in which the inauguration day ensemble Isabel Toledo designed for Michelle Obama in 2008 was on display, and a look at sustainable fashion with Eco-Fashion: Going Green, an exhibition from 2010 examining the past two centuries of fashion's good—and bad—environmental and ethical practices.

More than 100,000 people visit the Museum at FIT each year, attending exhibitions, lectures, and other events. Admission is free to the public.

Fashion historian Valerie Steele became director of the Museum in 2003, and has also been named chief curator.

References

External links

1944 establishments in New York City
Art schools in New York City
Chelsea, Manhattan
Universities and colleges established in 1944
Fashion schools in the United States
Midtown Manhattan
NJCAA athletics
Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)
SUNY community colleges
Universities and colleges in Manhattan
Universities and colleges in New York City

Fashion Institute of Technology


A practical joke, or prank, is a mischievous trick played on someone, generally causing the victim to experience embarrassment, perplexity, confusion, or discomfort. A person who performs a practical joke is called a "practical joker" or "prankster". Other terms for practical jokes include gag,  rib, jape, or shenanigan.

Practical jokes differ from confidence tricks or hoaxes in that the victim finds out, or is let in on the joke, rather than being talked into handing over money or other valuables. Practical jokes are generally lighthearted and without lasting effect; they aim to make the victim feel humbled or foolish, but not victimized or humiliated. Thus most practical jokes are affectionate gestures of humour and designed to encourage laughter. However, practical jokes performed with cruelty can constitute bullying, whose intent is to harass or exclude rather than reinforce social bonds through ritual humbling.

Some countries in Western culture traditionally emphasize the carrying out of practical jokes on April Fools' Day and Mischief Night.

Description

A practical joke is "practical" because it consists of someone doing something that is physical, in contrast to a verbal or written joke. For example, the joker who is setting up and conducting the practical joke might hang a bucket of water above a doorway and rig the bucket using pulleys so when the door opens the bucket dumps the water. The joker would then wait for the victim to walk through the doorway and be drenched by the bucket of water. Objects can feature in practical jokes, like fake vomit, chewing-gum bugs, exploding cigars, stink bombs, costumes, whoopee cushions, clear tape, and Chinese finger traps. A practical joke can be as long as a person desires. It does not have to be short-lived.

Practical jokes often occur in offices, usually to surprise co-workers. Examples include covering computer accessories with Jell-O, wrapping a desk with Christmas paper or aluminium foil or filling it with balloons. Practical jokes also commonly occur during sleepovers, when teens play pranks on their friends as they come into the home, enter a room or even as they sleep.

American humorist H. Allen Smith wrote a 320-page book in 1953 called The Compleat Practical Joker that contains numerous examples of practical jokes. The book became a best seller – not only in the United States but also in Japan.
Moira Marsh has written an entire volume about practical jokes. She found that in the US males perpetrate such gags more often than females.

Student prank

University students have a long association with pranks and japes. These can often involve petty crime, such as the theft of traffic cones and other public property, or hoaxes.

Theft

One classic target of student theft are traffic cones. The issue of the theft and misuse of traffic cones by students has gained enough prominence that a spokesperson from the UK National Union of Students stated that "stereotypes of students stealing traffic cones" are "outdated".

Some universities have gone as far as to devote entire pages of legislation and advice for students with regards to the consequences and laws involving the theft of traffic cones. Misuse of traffic cones in Scotland has even resulted in serious physical injury.

The traffic cone theft issue came to such a head in the United Kingdom in the 1990s that it was brought up in parliament.

In 2002, Fife Constabulary declared a "traffic cone amnesty" allowing University of St Andrews students to return stolen traffic cones without fear of prosecution. A police spokesman had said that the theft of traffic cones had become "an almost weekly occurrence".

Famous examples
One practical joke—recalled as his favorite by the playwright Charles MacArthur—concerns American painter and bohemian character Waldo Peirce. While living in Paris in the 1920s, Peirce "made a gift of a very big turtle to the woman who was the concierge of his building". The woman doted on the turtle and lavished care on it. A few days later Peirce substituted a somewhat larger turtle for the original one. This continued for some time, with the surreptitious introduction of larger and larger turtles into the woman's apartment. The concierge, beside herself with happiness, displayed her miraculous turtle to the entire neighborhood. Peirce then began to sneak in and replace the turtle with smaller and smaller ones, to her bewildered distress. This prank became the storyline behind Roald Dahl's 1990 novel Esio Trot.

Successful modern pranks often take advantage of the modernization of tools and techniques. In Canada, engineering students have a reputation for annual pranks; at the University of British Columbia these usually involve leaving a Volkswagen Beetle in an unexpected location (such as suspended from the Golden Gate Bridge or from the Lions Gate Bridge). In response, other students at that university often vandalize the engineering students' white and red concrete cairn. Engineering students at Cambridge University in England undertook a similar prank, placing an Austin 7 car on top of the University's Senate House building. Pranks can also adapt to the political context of their era.  Students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have a particular reputation for their "hacks".

Not unlike the stone louse of Germany, the jackalope in the American West has become an institutionalized practical joke perennially perpetrated by ruralites (as a class) on tourists, most of whom have never heard of the decades-old myth.

In the 1993 film Grumpy Old Men, two neighbors and former friends, John and Max, play cruel practical jokes on each other. Their rivalry escalates when a beautiful new neighbor is involved as both set their sights on her. In that film's 1995 sequel, Grumpier Old Men, John and Max have cooled off their feud. They later play cruel practical jokes on a beautiful, determined Italian owner who's trying to turn the former bait shop into a romantic restaurant.

The 2003 TV movie Windy City Heat consists of an elaborate practical joke on the film's star, Perry Caravallo, who is led to believe that he is starring in a faux action film, Windy City Heat, where the filming (which is ostensibly for the film's DVD extras) actually documents a long chain of pranks and jokes performed at Caravallo's expense.

In the UK, a group that calls itself Trollstation plays pranks on people, including police officers and government employees. They record their escapades and upload them to YouTube. In one such video, one of the groups actors poses as a palace guard. Some of the actors have been fined or charged.

See also

 Bullying in academia
 California Institute of Technology pranks
 Capping stunt
 Dreadnought hoax
 Gag name
 George Hayduke
 Hacks at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 List of practical joke topics
 Pieing
 Practical joke device
 Prank call
 Prank emailing
 Pranknet
 Senior prank
 Snipe hunt
 Spaghetti-tree hoax
 The Game (mind game)

References

External links
https://www.detroityes.com/mb/showthread.php?24109-Spirit-of-Detroit-statute-takes-a-midnight-stroll

Practical joke


USS Henrico (APA-45) was a  that served with the United States Navy in World War II, and subsequently in the Korean War, Cold War and Vietnam War.

The ship was laid down as SS Sea Darter, a Type C3-S-A2 hull, under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 393) by Ingalls Shipbuilding Co., Pascagoula, Mississippi. Assigned to the Navy as Naval Transport (AP-90), she was reclassified as Attack Transport (APA-45) on 1 February 1943.

The ship was launched on 31 March 1943, sponsored by Mrs. W. D. Pelan, acquired by the Navy on 23 June 1943, and commissioned next day for transfer to Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Hoboken, New Jersey. Decommissioned on 8 July 1943, Henrico then fitted out, and recommissioned on 26 November 1943.

The ship makes an appearance in the 1952 film My Son John. It is shown in the background when Chuck (Richard Jaeckel) is speaking to his mother.

Service history

World War II, 1943–1945
Following shakedown training in Chesapeake Bay, the attack transport remained to train Army combat teams before departing Norfolk for New York on 2 February 1944. Arriving the next day, Henrico embarked troops and sailed for Scotland on 11 February. Arriving at the Firth of Clyde on 22 February, the ship began amphibious training in preparation for the invasion of Normandy.

Normandy invasion
Henrico embarked her invasion troops on 26 May at Portland, England, and sailed on 5 June as a part of Rear Admiral John Hall's Omaha Beach Assault Force. On the following day, 6 June, Henrico landed her troops, the 16th Regiment of the First Infantry Division, in the first assault wave on the Easy Red Sector of Omaha Beach in the face of heavy seas and strong enemy fortifications. As the tempo of fighting increased, the ship received casualties from the beaches, returning to Portland later on "D-Day." As the assault area was secured and the advance began, Henrico stood by for shuttle duty, finally sailing for the Firth of Clyde on 19 June.

Mediterranean operations
With the liberation of France underway, the transport sailed on 4 July 1944 to the Mediterranean for the invasion of the southern coast of France. Arriving on 16 July in Naples, Henrico took part in amphibious rehearsals before departing on 13 August from Castellamare for the invasion area. She landed her troops at Baie de Pampelonne against light opposition and departed the next day for Oran, Algeria. For the next two months she brought troops and cargo into the beach area and on her last shuttle brought English and Polish repatriates to Naples.

To the Pacific
Henrico sailed from Naples on 17 October 1944, arriving at Boston on 8 November to prepare for duty in the western Pacific. She departed Norfolk with troops and replacement boats on 13 December, steaming via the Panama Canal and San Diego to Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on 23 January 1945. Five days later she sailed for the Philippines, arriving at Leyte on 21 February after stops at various Pacific bases. In the Philippines the ship engaged in amphibious exercises leading to the invasion of Okinawa, the last operation on the long island road to Japan itself.

Invasion of Okinawa
Assigned to the Kerama Retto attack group under Rear Admiral Kiland, Henrico began the landing on 26 March. The Kerama Islands were needed as a staging area for the invasion of nearby Okinawa and were secured on 30 March. The ship retired at night during the operation, and Japanese air attacks were nearly constant. While retiring on 2 April, the ship was attacked by a fast Yokosuka P1Y "Frances" attack bomber, configured as a kamikaze, diving out of a cloud formation. Although Henrico quickly brought her guns to bear, the suicide bomber crashed into the bridge on the starboard side, her bombs exploding below. The ship lost power, but her fire parties soon brought the flames under control. Forty-nine officers and men were killed in the attack, including Henricos captain, Captain William C. France, USN; her embarked division commander; and the two troop commanders. Her Executive Officer took command, however, and brought the ship to Kerama Retto. She sailed under her own power for San Francisco on 14 April and arrived on 13 May.

Post-war activities, 1945–1949
Henrico sailed from San Francisco Bay on 1 September with replacement troops for the Philippines. She continued to serve the "Magic Carpet" fleet assigned to return the thousands of American soldiers from the Pacific, until May 1946. She sailed on 25 May from Pearl Harbor to take part in the atomic tests at Bikini – "Operation Crossroads". For the next three months Henrico supported these scientific experiments, returning to San Francisco on 29 August 1946. After operations on the West Coast, she sailed on 6 February 1947 for a cruise in the western Pacific, returning in July. From 6 July 1948 to 25 February 1949 the ship operated in the Tsingtao, China, area in support of American troops.

Korean War, 1950–1953
Early in 1950 Henrico took part in amphibious exercises in the Caribbean, returning to San Diego on 8 April 1950. Soon afterward the invasion of South Korea began, and Henrico was immediately deployed to the western Pacific. Henrico and other ships embarked the 1st Marine Brigade and sailed on 12 July for Korea. She developed mechanical trouble which forced a return two days later, but repair work had her at sea again on 18 July, and by 2 August she was with the original formation as they steamed into Pusan with the vitally-needed troops.

Henrico played an important part in the early stages of the Korean War. She landed troops at the Inchon beachhead on 15 September 1950; and, as United Nations troops swept northward, she sailed to various ports deploying and supplying the soldiers. In November Chinese troops made their appearance on a massive scale, and by December U.N. ground units in the Wonsan-Hŭngnam area were cut off. During December Henrico and other ships evacuated thousands of soldiers from the two ports to stabilize the lines farther south.

The attack transport arrived at Seattle on 22 March 1951, and after repairs and amphibious exercises sailed again for Korea on 16 October 1951. During this second tour she carried troops to strategic points on the coast, and took part in amphibious operations for training purposes. She arrived back at San Diego on 26 July 1952, and in September returned to Pearl Harbor for repairs and training.

Henrico sailed again for Korean waters on 7 March 1953, resuming the job of redeploying troops along the coasts and to Japan. During July and August she operated between Pusan and Japan, and joined in the transfer of prisoners following the armistice agreement. For her outstanding performance during the first months of the conflict, Henrico was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation.

Pacific deployments, 1953–1962
Arriving at San Francisco on 24 August 1953, the attack transport engaged in coastal training operations for the next year. She sailed for another tour in the Far East on 24 October 1954, and participated in an amphibious training exercise in December. As war over the Tachen Islands threatened in February, Henrico and other naval units moved in on 8 February 1955 to evacuate Nationalist Chinese troops. After arriving Keelung, Formosa, on 13 February; she carried troops between the Philippines and Hong Kong before returning to San Diego on 22 April 1955.

Hereafter the ship deployed annually to the western Pacific with the 7th Fleet to engage in amphibious warfare training exercises in Korea, in Okinawa, and in the Philippines, contributing to the combat readiness of both United States Marines and the troops of SEATO members.

Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
Henrico was diverted to the Caribbean Sea on 27 October 1962 after the deployment of Soviet missiles in Cuba brought a swift and strict American quarantine of the island. Henrico arrived on the scene on 5 November. Her embarked Marines provided part of a ready force to supplement the naval blockade if this proved necessary. When the missiles were removed, the crisis subsided, and Henrico departed the Caribbean on 6 December for San Diego, California, arriving on 15 December.

Pacific Deployment, 1963−1964
The ship deployed to the Western Pacific for a routine deployment with the 7th Fleet. While deployed, she conducted amphibious operations with Marine and Army troops at Okinawa and Korea.  In addition to Okinawa and Korea, Henrico made port visits in Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong.  The ship returned to its homeport of San Diego early in 1964, followed by overhaul at Todd Shipyard in San Pedro.

Vietnam War, 1964–1967
The ship resumed amphibious training duties on the West Coast until 16 December 1964, when she deployed again with the 7th Fleet in the western Pacific. She was also Flag for COMPHIBRON-1 during these times.  Loading a Marine Battalion Landing Team at Okinawa, the ship departed on 11 January 1965 for Hong Kong, arriving on 14 January. On 20 January she commenced special operations in the South China Sea as the 7th Fleet joined in the intensive buildup of strength in southeast Asia.

Henrico disembarked her Marines at Da Nang, South Vietnam, on 5 March 1965, returning to Okinawa for a second landing team which reached Da Nang on 15 April. By 21 April, the ship embarked a third landing team bound for Chu Lai, South Vietnam. Offloading these troops on 7 May, Henrico made a fourth passage to Okinawa to return with the headquarters unit of the 3rd Marine Division, which arrived in Chu Lai on 21 May.

Following her performance off South Vietnam, the ship sailed from Yokosuka, Japan, on 28 May for San Diego, arriving on 16 June. During the next 13 months Henrico operated out of San Diego along the coast of Southern California, conducting squadron exercises and supporting amphibious training operations. After embarking Marines at San Diego, she sailed for the Far East on 27 July, and debarked her passengers at Da Nang a month later.

During the next seven months she carried troop reinforcements and replacements from Okinawa and the Philippines to American bases in South Vietnam. In addition she ranged the coastal waters of Vietnam from the demilitarized zone to the Mekong Delta, supporting amphibious assaults against Viet Cong coastal strongholds. She departed Vietnam late in March 1967 and returned to San Diego the following month.

Call sign
Henricos call sign was: "NKIG".

Decommissioning and sale
Henrico was decommissioned on 14 February 1968. Held in reserve, she was redesignated as an "amphibious transport" or "LPA" with a new hull number of LPA-45 on 1 January 1969, and finally struck from the Navy List on 1 June 1973. The ship was sold by MARAD on 1 October 1979 for scrapping.

Awards
Over the course of her service Henricos crew were eligible to receive the following awards:
Combat Action Ribbon
Navy Unit Commendation
Meritorious Unit Commendation
China Service Medal
American Area Campaign Medal
European African Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (3)
Asiatic Pacific Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
National Defense Service Medal (2)
Korean War Service Medal (9)
Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (7)
Vietnam Service Medal (2)
Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation (3)
United Nations Service Medal
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal
Republic of Korea War Service Medal (retroactive)
Philippine Presidential Unit Citation (retroactive)
Philippine Liberation Medal

References

External links

Bayfield-class attack transports
Ships built in Pascagoula, Mississippi
1943 ships
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Korean War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Vietnam War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Henrico County, Virginia

USS Henrico


Lobesia fetialis is a moth of the family Tortricidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1920. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, Java and Sumatra.

Description
The wingspan of the adult male is 11–15 mm and the female is 9.5-11.5 mm. Head whitish ochreous. Antenna brownish. Palpus with whitish basal and terminal segments, and tip of median segment, whereas median segment except tip is pale tawny. Thorax pale ochreous. There is a fuscous transverse band irregularly mixed and spotted with brownish fuscous. An irrorated (speckled) brownish spot is found before the apex of the tegula. The fuscous abdomen is long, slender and dorsoventrally flattened. Abdominal scent pouches are oval and broad with yellowish scales. Forewings narrow and elongate. Costa faintly convex. Pterostigma strong, thickened, and strongly projecting along costal edge. Termen round. Forewings are pale ochreous with brownish-grey partial irrorations. Costal edge whitish. Markings are light tawny and fuscous brown. Cilia pale ochreous. Hindwings deformed with pointed apex. Colour hyaline with faint prismatic reflections. Cilia white.

In the female, the abdomen is pale golden-ochreous whitish with light greyish-fuscous irrorations. Venter whitish fuscous. A faint bronzy gloss visible on venter. Forewings broader and shorter than in male. Well developed pterostigma.

Larval food plants are Lantana camara, Bridelia, Evodia accedens, Tarenna asiatica, Clerodendron serratum, Barringtonia spicata, Allophylus cobbe and Jasminum species.

References

Moths of Asia
Moths described in 1920

Lobesia fetialis


Guy Sircello (1936–1992) was an American philosopher best known for his analytic approach to philosophical aesthetics.

Biography
Guy Sircello was born in Tacoma, Washington, and attended Lincoln High School. His parents were Pete and Teresa Sircello, and he had a younger sister, Teresa. Upon high school graduation, he was awarded the prestigious George Baker full four-year scholarship to Reed College, in Portland, Oregon, and graduated in 1958 with a double major in philosophy and history. In 1960, he married Sharon Chapin, a fellow Reed graduate, and shortly after, they left New York for Hamburg, where he had a Fulbright grant to further his studies of Ernst Cassirer, the subject of his doctoral dissertation at Columbia University.

In Hamburg, the Sircello's first child, Maria Anne Sircello was born, and the family returned to New York with another daughter as well, an adopted daughter, Deborah Ruth Sircello. In New York, the family grew as the Sircellos also became foster parents to Deborah's brothers, Billie, Alexander, and Constantine (Stan). In 1963, another daughter, Pier Andrea, was born in New York City just prior to the family's move to Portland, so that Guy could join the Reed faculty. In Portland, in 1965, another daughter, Anne-Marie Sircello was born, not long after the death of Maria Anne, who had been born with multiple serious disabilities. In 1966, the entire family of eight moved to Irvine, and finally, in 1967, the final child of the Sircello family, Christopher Chapin Sircello, was born. Guy was an attentive and involved father, and enjoyed family camping outings to Yosemite, a three-month family camping trip to Europe, and visits to museums, concerts, and the ballet. He was a major influence, along with Sharon, in three of his children becoming professional dancers, two others becoming professional visual artists, and another an accomplished amateur pianist.

The Sircellos separated, and later divorced after 15 years of marriage.

Sircello was a professor of philosophy at the University of California Irvine from 1966 until his death in 1992 at the age of 55. He earned his PhD from Columbia University in 1965. He taught at Reed College before becoming a founding member of UC Irvine's Philosophy department. While at Irvine he served as associate dean of undergraduate studies from 1973 to 1977, dean of undergraduate studies from 1978 to 1983, chair of the Committee on Educational Policy from 1988 to 1989, and as the Philosophy Department's director of graduate studies from 1990 until his death. Sircello was active in the American Society for Aesthetics and served as the president of its Pacific Division from 1978 to 1979. His emphasis was in analytic philosophy of aesthetics, and he was best known for what he called his New Theory of Beauty

Philosophical work
Sircello's book Love and Beauty (1989) provides a sketch of his theory, which encompasses such topics as arousal, expansion, sublimity, and indulgence. He considers the implications of his theory for aesthetics and ethics. He also develops theories of pleasure, quality, beauty and love.

Introduction
According to Sircello, philosophers have usually failed to understand and theorize properly about certain fundamental human modalities. Among these is the human relation to and feeling for beauty. In particular, Sircello was dismayed that among philosophers the ancient conception of love of beauty had been displaced by other human concerns. His last book, Love and Beauty, was intended to provide a theory to begin to fill the void left by this loss of interest.

Pleasure
Sircello distinguishes pleasure from enjoyment. He uses propositional pleasure as an example of a particular type of pleasure distinct from enjoyment. Propositional pleasure is characterized as a pleasure taken in the occurrence of a fact, event, state or the like. Such pleasure is relatively passive. We may take pleasure in the outcome of a ball game or in the fact that traffic is light on the way to work, but the pleasure itself resulting from this satisfaction is something that happens to the subject rather than something they effect. Enjoyment is constituted by the active role played by the subject. Enjoyment can be obtained from experiences that are not entirely pleasant in all their parts via effort or resolve on the part of the subject. For instance, a strenuous hike can be enjoyable even though parts of it may be difficult and painful. The subject's resolve and ability to overcome difficulties can make the hike enjoyable despite these troubles. Enjoyment involves a complex relationship to desire in that enjoyment tends to fuel further desires for its continuation. As such enjoyment of experience is fundamental in Sircello's theory of love.

Qualities
Central to Sircello's philosophy is his theory of qualities.  He defines the precise sense in which he uses this term through the concept of Properties of Qualitative Difference (or PQDs).  Such properties are to be distinguished from quantitative properties.  According to his theory, it is the perception of qualities that lies at the center of the experience of beauty.  According to Sircello qualities come in four main varieties.  These constitute four ways in which we experience our world.

 Qualities that qualify our own actions:  Qualities such as those we experience when we perceive or remember our own actions fall in this category.  Two examples used by Sircello are "my gentleness when I speak" and "my efficiency when I work".  These qualities comprise a major part of our experience of ourselves in our everyday lives.
 Qualities that we experience as qualifying the actions of others:  We may experience the grace of another's movements, or the stubbornness of their attitude.  Sircello also includes in this category qualities perceived as being expressed by others in photographs, movies, painting, sculptures and so on.  So, we may perceive another's stolidness or joviality in a photo or video as well in first hand encounters.
 Qualities that are experienced as "tracks" of the actions of ourselves or of others:  Sircello defines "tracks" as "objects" that we may experience as the result of actions of sentient beings, either ourself or others.  Tracks need not actually be the result of such actions but are objects that can be perceived as such, in the way that a landscape might be regarded as a trace of the hand of a creator.  Sircello provides many examples of tracks in his book.  For example, the mark left by the tracing of your hand in the sand or the streak of light left by the movement of a firework sparkler through the air.
 Qualities experienced by a person as belonging to an "object" of any sort under the following two conditions:  a) the quality is experienced as either like the act, trace or representation of an act of a sentient being and b) the quality is experienced by that person as belonging to that act, trace or representation:  Perhaps too briefly, the quality may be experienced as being an act of the "object" being considered.  Examples of this type of quality are:  "A calm sea might be seen as if it were resting calmly.  In the delicate rustling of the leaves of a tree we might see the tree as delicately moving its limbs."

Beauty
Common wisdom tells us that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.  Sircello's philosophy runs counter to this maxim.  He maintained that beauty is objective in a very particular way.  His starting point is the recognition that when a judgment of beauty is made there is something about the object that is thought to be beautiful.  For example, if an alpine sunset seen as beautiful, this is due to the quality of light expressed in the sunset, or perhaps because of the intense depth of the vista, or because of some other attribute of the scene that stands out as exceptional in some way.  Beauty resides for Sircello in the possession by objects, scenes, actions, and so on of qualities to a very high degree.  Qualities of lack, deficiency or defect are excluded from this because these qualities are not enjoyed qualities.

Love
Sircello begins his account of love by setting it in relation to enjoyment.  To distance some of the standard associations with the term "love," Sircello uses the capitalized form, Love, in a technical sense.  Fundamental to his theory is the notion of reproducing an experience of a quality.  Reproductions by S a subject may be regarded as recollections, repetitions or recreations of images, memories, thoughts, actions, feelings, or states that are parts of the experience.  Sircello presents his theory through the four principles paraphrased below:

 For any subject S, any quality for S (Qs), and any experience of Qs by S, if S is Loving this experience, then there is some part or parts of the experience that S is reproducing such that what S produces are themselves parts of the experience.
 For any subject S, any quality for S (Qs), and any experience of Qs by S, S is Loving this experience only if the S's reproducing parts of the experience both arouses and satisfies S's desire to so reproduce.
 For any subject S, any quality for S (Qs), and any experience of Qs by S, if S is reproducing part or parts of the experience such that what S so reproduces are part(s) of the experience, and if such reproducing both arouses and satisfies S's desire to so reproduce, then S is Loving the experience.
 For any subject S and any "object" for S, if S is Loving the "object", then there is (at least) some experience for S involved with the "object" that S is Loving.

Selected works
Books by Guy Sircello
 Mind & Art: An Essay on the Varieties of Expression. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972. Paperback, 1978.
 A New Theory of Beauty. Princeton Essays on the Arts, 1. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.
 Love and Beauty. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Selected articles not in UCI's bibliography
 "Beauty and Anti-Beauty in Literature and its Criticism." Midwest Studies In Philosophy, 16: 104–122.
 "How Is a Theory of the Sublime Possible?" The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 541–550

References

External links
Obituary from Columbia University
Obituary from University of California Irvine
Selected bibliography from UC Irvine Library

Columbia University alumni
1936 births
1992 deaths
University of California, Irvine faculty
20th-century American philosophers
Analytic philosophers
Philosophers of art
Reed College faculty
Reed College alumni

Guy Sircello


A transom is the vertical reinforcement which strengthens the stern of a boat. This flat termination of the stern is typically above the waterline.

The term was used as far back as Middle English in the 1300s, having come from Latin transversus (transverse) via Old French traversain (set crosswise).

The stern of a boat is typically vertical. It can be raked such that there is an overhang above the water, as at the bow. A reverse transom is angled from the waterline forwards.

Transoms can be used to support a rudder, outboard motor, or as a swimming and access platform.

Gallery

References

Sailboat components
Watercraft components

Transom (nautical)


Mathieu Manset (; born 5 August 1989) is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward. He played for 18 clubs in 8 countries during his career.

Career
Manset was born in Metz and started his career in his native France with Le Havre AC. In the 2007–08 season he managed to break into the reserve side, who played in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth tier of French football. He went on to play eleven league matches and score one goal for the side during the campaign. In the following season, Manset played a further 12 games for Le Havre Réserve but failed get on the scoresheet. His last appearance for Le Havre came in the 2–1 win over Paris Saint-Germain Réserve at the Parc des Princes on 8 May 2009.

Hereford United
Manset was released by Le Havre in the summer of 2009 and was recommended to Football League Two side Hereford United by Guy Ipoua. After a successful trial, he joined Hereford on a free transfer. His debut in English football came in the second round of the Football League Trophy where he featured as a substitute in the last 20 minutes of the game at home to Aldershot Town and scored a late goal to put the Bulls into a 2–1 lead. However, Aldershot quickly equalised and sent the game to a penalty shoot out, which Hereford won 4–3. Manset scored what turned out to be the decisive penalty with a powerful strike into the top left corner of the goal.

In the first round of the FA Cup, in the 2–0 win against Sutton United, Manset put Hereford in the lead after six minutes. However, after half an hour of play he was red carded for violent conduct after he reacted badly to a challenge by Alan Pouton. His first goal in League Two came in the 3–1 away win at Northampton Town on 1 December 2009. In late 2010 Manset enjoyed a run of goalscoring form under new manager Jamie Pitman, and was linked with a number of clubs from the Championship.

Reading
Manset signed for Championship team Reading for an undisclosed fee on a two-and-a-half-year contract on 21 January 2011. Manset made his debut for Reading on 22 January 2011, coming on as a substitute just 21 hours after signing for the club. On 1 February 2011, he scored his first goal for Reading after again coming on as a substitute, scoring what had looked to be an injury-time winner in the 2–2 draw at Cardiff City. On 4 February 2011, Manset came off the bench against league leaders Queens Park Rangers. On 19 March 2011, Manset came off the bench against Barnsley to score the winning goal in the 71st minute to keep Reading's promotion push alive. Manset made his first start against Nottingham Forest on 9 February 2011 in a 4–3 win. On 6 August 2011, Manset came on as a sub for Noel Hunt and scored two goals in three minutes to rescue a 2–2 draw for Reading against Millwall. His first was a 25-yard rocket and his second was a header from Jimmy Kebe's cross. Manset scored his fifth goal for Reading with a back-heel in the last minute of extra time in a 3–2 win over Bristol City.

Shanghai Shenhua (loan)
In 2011–12 season, Manset made six starts and scored two goals. In the last day of the transfer window, Crawley Town manager Steve Evans revealed that he had tried to sign Manset on a last minute deal only to be rejected. Reading manager Brian McDermott prepared to loan out Manset to afford him regular first-team football. He subsequently signed for Chinese club Shanghai Shenhua on loan until 30 June. He scored his first goal for Shenhua on 27 May 2012 during Shenhua's 2–1 victory at home against Guizhou Renhe. Manset scored 1 goal in 9 appearances for Shenhua.

Sion
On 13 July 2012, Manset moved from Reading to Sion on a 3-year contract for an undisclosed fee. Manset made his debut for Sion coming on as a second-half substitute and scoring the only goal from the penalty spot in a 1–0 victory over Servette. On 4 September 2012, Manset was suspended by Sion for 3 weeks after being found in the early hours of the morning in a Lausanne nightclub the day before Sion's game away to FC Zürich.

He made his first appearance for Sion since this suspension against FC Zürich on 30 September.

On 6 January, Manset announced through Twitter that his contract with Sion was terminated due to "irreconcilable differences".

Carlisle United
Following his departure from Sion he had trials at both Barnsley and Sheffield Wednesday, though neither club followed up on their interest. After another brief trial, he joined Carlisle United on 8 March until the end of the season, although the signing was delayed for two weeks waiting for international clearance. Manset finally made his debut against Yeovil Town on 23 March, coming on as a second-half substitute and helping Carlisle earn a 3–3 draw with an injury time assist. He made a further six appearances, all as a substitute, before being released at the end of the season following the expiry of his contract.

Coventry City
Manset signed a one-year deal with Coventry City on 7 August 2013 despite Coventry being under a transfer embargo. Having not played for the first team since October, his contract was terminated by mutual consent in January 2014.

Royal Antwerp
On 7 January 2014, Manset signed a one-and-a-half-year contract with Antwerp. His contract was terminated by mutual consent at the end of the season.

Walsall
On 26 August 2014, following a successful trial, Manset signed a one-year contract with Walsall. He scored his first goal for the Saddlers on 7 October 2014 against Rochdale in the Football League Trophy. Manset was released on 2 February 2015 after making twenty four appearances for the Saddlers, scoring one goal.

Cheltenham Town
Manset agreed a deal until the end of the 2014–15 season with Cheltenham Town on 3 February 2015. After twelve goalless appearances for the Robins, he was released on 4 May 2015 following their relegation from League Two.

Slavia Sofia
In August 2015, Manset signed a three-year contract with Bulgarian A Group team Slavia Sofia. On 16 August, he made his debut in a 1–0 away win over Botev Plovdiv, coming on as a substitute for the last eight minutes. Manset scored his only goal for the club on 7 December, netting a penalty in a 3–0 home win over Lokomotiv Plovdiv. Two days later, his contract was terminated by mutual consent.

Bastia
Manset joined Championnat National 3 side SC Bastia for the 2017–18 season. At the end of the season, he left the club after being unable to agree an extension.

A.C. Vicenza 1902
In August 2018, he was signed by newly founded Italian amateur club "A.C. Vicenza 1902", an illegitimate phoenix club of Vicenza Calcio. The club, however, did not get a professional licence and let him go on a free transfer to Rotonda Calcio in Serie D.

FC Fleury 91
In January 2019, he moved to FC Fleury 91.

In summer 2019, with one year left on his Fleury contract, Manset retired from playing. He started working as player agent.

Career statistics

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Metz
French men's footballers
French sportspeople of Ivorian descent
Men's association football forwards
Le Havre AC players
Hereford United F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Shanghai Shenhua F.C. players
FC Sion players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Walsall F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
PFC Slavia Sofia players
Ħamrun Spartans F.C. players
SC Bastia players
FC Fleury 91 players
English Football League players
Swiss Super League players
Chinese Super League players
Challenger Pro League players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Maltese Premier League players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
Serie D players
French expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in China
Expatriate men's footballers in China
French expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
French expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
French expatriate sportspeople in Malta
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy

Mathieu Manset


Specol (trade name Stimune) is a water in oil adjuvant composed of defined and purified light mineral oil (Stills. 2005). It has been suggested as an alternative to Freund's adjuvant for hyperactivation of the immune response in rabbits (Leenaars et al. 1994). Specol can be used for antigens of low immunogenicity and can be administered equally effectively by the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes. The histological lesions produced are fewer than those produced by using Complete Freund's adjuvant. However, pain and distress following administration of these 2 adjuvants seem to be similar (based on limited data).

References

External links
 Prionics: Stimune

Adjuvants
Immunology
Immune system

Specol


Gia Ventola is an American fashion designer who currently lives in Ipswich, Massachusetts, United States.  She owns and runs Gia Ventola Couture, a fashion boutique in Peabody, Massachusetts.

Early life
Gia Ventola grew up in Topsfield, Massachusetts: a town located less than  north of Boston. An only child, she attended Masconomet High School, where she was a valuable player on the girls' varsity field hockey team. She had intentions to have a college and Olympic career in field hockey, but after sustaining an injury, Ventola decided to pursue the art of fashion.

Career
Ventola first caught the public's eye when Britney Spears wore one of her pleather outfits during the opening act of Spears's 1999 tour.

Ventola got her start at Parsons The New School for Design in Greenwich Village, New York City, where she received her B.A. in Fashion Design. She went on to release her first line, Pop Ventolation, in 1998, which was debuted at the Girls Rule Spring 2001 show in New York City. Then, she premiered a new label, Gia's World. In the fall of 2005, Ventola launched her third line, the Gia Ventola Luxury Denim Collection in Europe and Asia.

Some of Ventola's celebrity clients include Cher, Destiny's Child, Pink, and Sheryl Crow. Ventola has also appeared countless times in the media in magazines such as Lucky, Oprah, Teen People, and Vogue. She has also appeared in newspapers such as the Boston Globe, on television, and on the radio.

Gia Ventola Couture
Her fashion boutique, Gia Ventola Couture was opened in the fall of 2008, and is located between the North Shore and Liberty Tree malls, on Sylvan Street in Peabody, Massachusetts. The  "Gothic baroque" inspired space, with black interior, concrete floors, and Belgium-made mannequins, creates a unique décor setting. It closed between 2012 and 2013.

Ventola's goal for the boutique is to expand it into a mini-department store, with a large selection of underground designs from international lines such as Belgium, Sweden, and England. The merchandise available includes clothing for all ages, a denim collection, t-shirts, couture dresses, jewelry, hats and belts.

References

American fashion designers
American women fashion designers
Living people
Parsons School of Design alumni
People from Ipswich, Massachusetts
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women

Gia Ventola


The Navy of the Confederate States (CSN) was the Navy of the Confederate States of America. After the Confederacy established itself in 1861, the elected president, Jefferson Davis appointed Stephen Mallory as his Secretary of the Confederate Navy. At the time the South had no ships capable of challenging the United States Navy's frigates. It did not have the shipbuilding capability or the raw materials necessary to build a navy. While they had limited resources, and did not have the firepower of the Union Navy, they developed a number of technologies. The Confederates developed naval mines, ironclad techniques and managed to sink a Union warship with a working submarine.

History
The Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, won the 1860 presidential election. Southerners were outraged by the election of Lincoln, who opposed slavery in territories and new states. After the election seven Southern states seceded and declared their independence from the Union. They formed the Confederate States of America, even before Lincoln became president on March 4, 1861. The outgoing U.S. president, James Buchanan, said this was against the law, but did nothing to stop them. Lincoln and his Republican party treated this secession as a rebellion.

Fighting started when the Confederates bombarded Fort Sumter, a Union Army fort. Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers for a period of 90 days. He also set up a blockade of the Southern coast and ports. Lincoln had no more than 40 usable warships and needed to start building up his Navy. This was to prevent the South from exporting its cotton and importing the war materials they needed to wage war. The North also needed to develop a fleet of gunboats for a "brown-water navy". This was to support the Union Army in operations around major rivers like the Mississippi.

Norfolk shipyard

In 1861, Virginia joined the Confederate States of America. Fearing that the Confederacy would take control of the facility, the shipyard commander Charles Stewart McCauley ordered the burning of the shipyard. At the time it was called the Gosport Navy Yard. Despite conflicting orders from the Secretary of the Navy, the resignation of many of his officers, and most of his yard workers leaving, his remaining men began destroying the shipyard. Ships that could not leave on their own were burned. This included the Union warship USS Merrimack. Finally the two men who were placing explosives to blow up the dry dock were captured before they could finish their work. The Confederates were able to repair Gosport and make it a working shipyard again.

The capture of the shipyard allowed a tremendous amount of war material to fall into Confederate hands. In all, 1,195 heavy guns were taken and used by the Confederacy.  They were used in many areas from Hampton Roads all the way to Fort Donelson Tennessee. When they left the shipyard, the Union forces withdrew to Fort Monroe across Hampton Roads. This was the only land in the area which remained under Union control.

In early 1862, the Confederate ironclad warship CSS Virginia was rebuilt using the burned-out hulk of the USS Merimack. In the haste to abandon the shipyard, the Merrimack had only been destroyed above the waterline. The Confederates built an armored superstructure over the burned out hull. In March and April of 1862 the Confederate ironclad came close to upsetting the Union Navy's superiority. At Hampton Roads, the Virginia began sinking the blockading Union warships almost at will. The fleet was saved by the arrival of the Union ironclad USS Monitor which engaged the Virginia at the Battle of Hampton Roads. But after hours of fighting neither ship was able to defeat the other. Both ships left the fight claiming the victory. But the Confederates failed to break the blockade. When Norfolk fell in May 1862, the CSS Virginia was destroyed by its crew so it wouldn't be captured. The Confederate Navy had two more ironclads under construction. But before they could be completed the Union fleet captured the port and city of New Orleans where they were being built.

Commerce raiders
The Confederate Navy realized the Union Navy had more ships, guns and men they had with their limited resources. This called for a change in strategy. First, they would build forts to guard their key rivers and ports. They would build gunboats to assist this effort. Secondly, the South set up a fleet of naval vessels to attack Union merchant ships at sea. They also commissioned privateers to help with this effort.

This was not a new concept. The Americans had been successful using commerce raiding against British merchant ships during the American Revolutionary War. Outgunned by the Union Navy they realized building lighter and faster cruisers would allow them to outrun the larger warships and go after the slower and usually unarmed merchant ships. Because the South had little shipbuilding capacity, they had these ships built in Great Britain. This was technically illegal, since Great Britain was a neutral country. So these ships had to be built in secret.

Some the more successful and famous of the Confederate commerce raiders were:

 CSS Florida, was the first of the commerce raiders built in England. She sailed from Liverpool as the Orto and was commissioned the CSS Florida on August 17, 1862 in the Bahamas. She captured 37 merchant ships and two of those were converted into commerce raiders. Together they took another 23 ships. She was illegally captured by the USS Wachusett in the neutral port of Bahia, Brazil.

 CSS Alabama, captured 65 merchant ships in a 22-month period of time. It burned 52 of them, sold 10 and converted one into another commerce raider, the USS Tuscaloosa. It also sank a US gunboat, the USS Hatteras, the only Union ship lost on the open seas to a Confederate raider. She was sunk in a battle with the USS Kearsarge outside the port of Cherbourg, France.

 CSS Jefferson Davis, one of the most successful raiders with nine Northern merchant vessels taken in a two month period. She was a 187-ton former slave ship. The Davis was sunk in a gale off St. Augustine, Florida with all but two of her prize ships.

 CSS Sumter, was a steam cruiser built in Philadelphia in 1859. She was purchased by the Confederate government at New Orleans in 1861 and commissioned the Sumter. In six months she captured 18 US merchant ships. Of these she burned 8 and released or bonded 9. She was blocked by US warships in the port of Gibraltar. While there a number of US warships took turns keeping her from leaving the port. She was sold at auction 19 December 1862, but continued as a Confederate blockade runner renamed the Gibraltar and flying a British flag. She kept a number of US warships tied up hunting her and keeping her in port.

Privateers

The Confederacy also issued a Letter of marque to any private ship captain who wanted to make a profit raiding United States merchant vessels. At first the risk was low and they kept the ship and its cargo much the same as pirates did. The owner and crew divided up the large profits. They avoided doing battle with Union warships and were usually fast enough to outrun them.

There was only one problem with the scheme. In the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law signed in 1865, privateering was outlawed. All privateers were considered pirates and were subject to the death penalty when they were captured. Even though the United States had not signed the agreement, President Lincoln declared Confederate privateers were pirates and pirates were subject to death. This didn't stop a number of enterprising Southerners from outfitting a ship and getting involved in piracy on the high seas. One of the first ships seized actually hurt the South. It was a cargo of fruit going to the port of New Orleans.

Soon the illegal privateers were taking cargo ships in the Gulf of Mexico and all up and down the East Coast of the United States. An early Union victory was the capture of the CSS Savannah which had just been out to sea two days. The crew quickly found themselves on trial for piracy. The Confederacy threatened to hang captured Northern seamen if the crew was executed. In the end, the Union court dropped the charges of piracy and held the crew as prisoners of war. The crew was later traded in a prisoner exchange.

Torpedo service

A modern torpedo is a cigar-shaped, self-propelled, underwater explosive device designed to destroy another ship or submarine. During the Civil War, what was then called a torpedo would be best described as a naval mine.Confederate president Davis was opposed to their use. He thought they were cowardly weapons and it was unethical to use them against anyone. Despite Davis' objections, the Congress of the Confederate States passed a law authorizing rewards for anyone inventing new ways to blow up enemy vessels using submersibles and mines.

In St. Louis, Missouri Confederates were hiding explosives in the firewood used to fuel the boilers of Union steamships on the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. In 1861, Matthew Fontaine Maury first used mines as a weapon against enemy ships. In Virginia, his "infernal machines" made the James River almost completely impassible.

Another invention was the coal torpedo. Disguised to look like a lump of coal it exploded when shoveled into a boiler. Another invention was called the "horological torpedo". It had a timer that allowed a delay in the explosion. They also developed better fuses and more powerful explosives.

Underwater mines were used by both sides. The Confederacy had more success. In 1862 Confederate mines sank the Union ironclad, the USS Cairo. The destroyed or damaged dozens more Union ships while Union torpedo mines sank only about six Confederate naval ships.

Singer Secret Service Corps
The Confederate secretary of war, James Seddon, decided to issue rules that "passenger vessels of citizens of the United States on the high seas and private property on the water and [on] railroads or within the territory of the United States … not be subject of operations." But he added, "The public property of the enemy may be destroyed wherever it may be found." Seddon hired up to 25 secret agents to place torpedoes and explosives wherever they could across the Confederacy.

Known as the "Singer Secret Service Corps" and Singer's Torpedo Company", they were a group of middle age Freemasons from a wide variety of backgrounds. They developed and used inventions such as torpedo boats, underwater mines and submarines during the last two years of the war. Some of these inventions had never been seen before while others were advancements on earlier designs. One of their main weapons was patented by Edgar C. Singer, the underwater contact mine. It contained  of black powder. They used up to seven different types of mines, torpedos, torpedo boats, and submarines.

They built the submersible H. L. Hunley. This submarine destroyed the Union warship USS Housatonic by ramming it with a torpedo mounted on a pole.

From their headquarters in the Spotswood Hotel in Richmond, Virginia, Singer and his agents set up secret workshops all over the South in coastal cities. During their two years of operations they blew up ships, trains, and railroad bridges killing a large number of people. Most of their missions were done at night close to Union patrol boats and sentries. Northern newspapers called Singer's inventions "infernal machines" and condemned their use as unchristian and assassinations of the worst kind. To cover up who they were and what they had done, their records were burned at the end of the war. They were constantly hunted as saboteurs and spies by Northern authorities. Admiral David Dixon Porter ordered that any of Singer's agents were caught with any of these inventions they were to be "shot on the spot". Names and descriptions of Singer's operatives were distributed by Union commanders.

One group, under the notorious Henry Dillingham, was sent by Davis near the end of the war to occupied Kentucky and Missouri to destroy a key bridge and any federal transportation they could. They were known to use the "coal torpedos" and several sources say one was used to blow up the Sultana in April 1865. It was in the area Dillingham was operating in and it was ferrying ex-confederate prisoners of war at the time it was destroyed.

Related pages
 Confederate States Marine Corps
 Confederate States Lighthouse Bureau
 List of ships of the Confederate navy
 Blockade runners of the American Civil War
 Confederate army
 Union Navy
 United States Revenue Cutter Service

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Confederacy and Great Britain; YouTube
 CIVIL WAR at Sea; YouTube
 Civil War Torpedoes; YouTube

Confederate States of America

Confederate States Navy


FishBase is a global species database of fish. It is the largest and most accessed online database on adult fish on the web. As of August 2022, FishBase included descriptions of 35,300 species and subspecies, with 327,900 common names, 63,800 pictures, and references to 60,200 works in the scientific literature. The site has about 700,000 visits per month.

It provides comprehensive species data, including information on taxonomy, geographical distribution, biometrics and morphology, behavior and habitats, ecology and population dynamics as well as reproductive, metabolic and genetic data. FishBase only covers adult fish, but doesn't detail the early and juvenile stages of fish.

History

In the 1970s
The origins of FishBase go back to the 1970s, when the fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly found himself struggling to test a hypothesis on how the growing ability of fish was affected by the size of their gills. Pauly believed that the only practical way fisheries managers could access the volume of data they needed was to assemble and consolidate all the data available in the published literature into some central and easily accessed repository. Such a database like FishBase would be very useful if the data has also been standardized and validated.

Developing
Pauly recruited Rainer Froese, and the beginnings of a software database along these lines was encoded in 1988. This was the prototype for FishBase. It was then extended to cover all finfish, and was launched on the Web in August 1996.

Why many people visit FishBase
A ton of people visit FishBase to learn about adult fish. The site has about 700,000 visits per month.

Related pages

 List of prehistoric bony fish genera
 Ichthyodectiformes

References

 Froese R and Pauly D (eds) (2000) FishBase 2000: concepts, design and data sources. ICLARM. Philippines.
 Marine Fellow: Rainer Froese Archived 21 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine Pew Environment Group.

Databases
Websites

FishBase


The 1951 Campeonato Profesional was the fourth season of Colombia's top-flight football league. 18 teams compete against one another and played each weekend. The tournament was notable for being the third year of El Dorado. Millonarios won the league for 2nd time in its history after getting 60 points. Deportes Caldas, the defending champion, was 10th with 34 points.

Background
The tournament was the third year of El Dorado. The debutants teams were Deportes Quindío and Deportivo Samarios, while Atlético Municipal changed its name to Atlético Nacional.

Deportivo Samarios was founded by the squad of the Hungária FC when it was disbanded. The first team consisted in 10 Colombians, 8 Hungarians, 2 Yugoslavs, 1 Austrian, 1 Argentine, 1 Italian and 1 Romanian. On August 11, Universidad appointed the poet León de Greiff as executive of the team.

League system
Every team played two games against each other team, one at home and one away. Teams received two points for a win and one point for a draw. If two or more teams were tied on points, places were determined by goal difference. The team with the most points is the champion of the league.

Teams

a Municipal played its home games at Itagüí

Final standings

Results

Top goalscorers

Source: RSSSF.com Colombia 1951

References

External links

Dimayor Official Page

Prim
Colombia
Categoría Primera A seasons

1951 Campeonato Profesional


Wamos Air, formerly named Pullmantur Air, is a Spanish charter airline headquartered in Madrid. It mostly operates leisure charter flights from its main base at Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport and also operates aircraft for other entities.

History
In 2014, former majority owner Royal Caribbean Group (which also owned now defunct Pullmantur Cruises) sold a 81% state of Pullmantur Air to investor Springwater Capital which subsequently also led to a rebrand to Wamos Air.

In 2022, Wamos Air announced it would end all scheduled services to focus solely on passenger and cargo charter and ACMI operations. The airline did serve few destinations throughout the Caribbean, which were subsequently handed over to Iberojet.

From 15 November 2022 to 28 October 2023, Wamos Air will operate the Auckland - Perth route daily using their own aircraft (A330-200), crew and pilots on behalf of Air New Zealand.

Destinations

Charter operations
Wamos Air offers short and long-term charter operations as well as ACMI services for passenger and cargo flights to other airlines such as Condor, tour operators and other businesses such as sports clubs. One of its major customers had been its now defunct sister company Pullmantur Cruises.

In 2021 and 2022 Wamos Air had set up Tallinn Airport as its technical stopover between Asia and North America cargo routes.

Former scheduled destinations
As of December 2019, Wamos Air offered scheduled flights under its own brand name to the following destinations which were since all terminated.

Fleet

Current fleet
As of February 2023, the Wamos Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:

Retired fleet
Wamos Air previously also operated the following aircraft types:
 Boeing 747-400

References

External links

Airlines of Spain
Airlines established in 2003
Royal Caribbean Group
Spanish companies established in 2003

Wamos Air


The Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig (translated Danzig Research Society, , ) was a scientific organization, founded in 1743 in Danzig (Gdańsk), Poland, which continued in existence until 1936. The Societas Physicae Experimentalis (Experimental Physics Society) was one of the oldest research societies in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in Central and Eastern Europe.

History
Already in 1670, the physician Israel Conradi (1634–1715) had tried to organize a scientific society in the city, without success. Several others tried after him, until Daniel Gralath (1708–1767) finally succeeded. His father-in-law was Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759), a city secretary and also a very distinguished scientist, nicknamed Gedanensium Plinius.

At the end of 1742, Gralath had gathered a group of learned men for his purpose, an Experimental Physics Society (Societas Physicae Experimentalis), one of the oldest research societies of its type. The first organizing meeting took place on 7 November 1742, the first scientific meeting was called on 2 January 1743. The aim of the Society was to practice and popularize science, among others through weekly public demonstrations of the most interesting experiments in physics. Often the effects of electricity were studied, with the help of the Leyden jar. Since 1746 these took place in the Great Hall of the Green Gate. Gralath also became a councilman and, in 1763, mayor of Danzig. The Society was also supported by Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski.

Known members were Nathanael Matthaeus von Wolf, Michael Christoph Hanow, Gottfried Lengnich, Johann Jacob Mascov, who wrote the Geschichte der Teutschen, also Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit and the prince-bishop Adam Stanisław Grabowski.

The sessions of the Society were also attended by many famous persons of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth like Great Lithuanian Hetman Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł, August Fryderyk Moszyński, Joachim Chreptowicz.

After the annexation of the city by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland and during the Napoleonic Wars, the organization fell into such decline that in 1812 it was proposed to dissolve it, however, several members decided to continue its activity.

In 1840 Alexander von Humboldt accompanied Prussian King Frederick William IV on the way to Königsberg, and Humboldt received an honorary membership in the Society. Later, the society offered Humboldt stipends. The collections of the Society were displayed in the West-Prussian Provincial Museum located at the Green Gate.

In 1845 the society was located in a Renaissance-era building at the Motława, an arm of the Vistula River. The new seat housed research facilities, a small museum and a library, and was decorated with portraits of former prominent members of the organization, as well as a portrait of Nicolaus Copernicus, and a bust of Johannes Hevelius received as a gift from Polish King Stanisław August Poniatowski in the 18th century. In 1866, an astronomical observatory was placed in its tower.

After 200 years of existence, the society ceased to exist in 1936. The building and many priceless valuables were destroyed during the Soviet offensive in 1945, two years after the 200th anniversary.

The building at the Motława river was rebuilt after the war. It houses an Archaeological Museum today.

References

 List of publications by Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig
 E. Schumann, History of the Research Society in Danzig 1743–1892 (Geschichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 1743–1892)
  Andrzej Januszajtis, Scientists in Old Gdansk
 Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Dantzig (1747),

1743 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1936 disestablishments in Europe
Buildings and structures in Gdańsk
History of Gdańsk
Learned societies of Poland
Organizations based in Prussia
Science and technology in Prussia
Scientific organizations established in 1743
Organizations disestablished in 1936

Danzig Research Society


Captain Gorman DeFreest Larner (July 5, 1897 – May 20, 1984) was a World War I flying ace credited with seven aerial victories.

World War I
Larner was too young to join U. S. aviation, so he dropped out of Columbia University and began pilot's training at the private Curtiss Flying School in Buffalo, New York. He joined the French air service in July 1917. In December, he was assigned to Escadrille Spa.86. He used his Spad to down two enemy planes a week apart, on 18 and 25 March 1918; the latter victory was shared with Frank Hunter. The following month, he was commissioned into American service, but remained with the French until June. He was then transferred to the American 103rd Aero Squadron as a Flight Commander. He scored five more aerial victories with them, from 13 September to 4 November 1918. On 8 November, he was promoted to captain.

Between the World Wars
Larner stayed in France as part of the Peace Commission, and did not return to the U. S. until September 1919. He resumed his studies, and graduated in 1921, becoming a banker. Along with George Augustus Vaughn, Jr. and Howard Burdick, he helped form the 102nd Observation Squadron of the New York National Guard; it was the Guard's first air unit.

World War II and beyond
Larner returned to service during World War II, rising to the rank of Colonel in the United States Army Air Corps Reserve. After the war, he became Chairman of the National Aeronautical Association and the Chairman of Robinson Aviation, Inc., of Tetersboro, New Jersey.

Honors and awards
Distinguished Service Cross (DSC)

The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Gorman DeFreest Larner, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Champeny, France, September 13, 1918. Lieutenant Larner attacked an enemy patrol of six machines (Fokker type), and fought against the great odds until he had destroyed one and forced the others to retire. (General Orders No. 145, W.D., 1918)

Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) - Oak Leaf Cluster

The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Gorman DeFreest Larner, First Lieutenant (Air Service), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action in the region of Montfaucon, France, October 4, 1918. While leading a patrol of four monoplace planes, Lieutenant Lamer led his patrol in an attack on an enemy formation of seven planes. By skillfully maneuvering he crushed one of the enemy machines and with the aid of his patrol forced the remainder of the enemy formation to withdraw. (General Orders No. 145, W.D., 1918)

See also

 List of World War I flying aces from the United States

References

Bibliography
 American Aces of World War 1 Harry Dempsey. Osprey Publishing, 2001. , .

External links

1897 births
1984 deaths
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Service pilots of World War I
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
American World War I flying aces
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
French military personnel of World War I

Gorman DeFreest Larner


Josiah Lincoln Lowe (13 February 1905 – 30 April 1997) was an American mycologist who specialized in the study of polypores. Lowe was born in Hopewell, New Jersey, where he attended primary school and high school. In 1927, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York, and he received a doctorate from the University of Michigan in 1938, with Calvin H. Kauffman and Edwin Butterworth Mains as his main academic supervisors. His doctoral thesis was entitled The genus Lecidea in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. That year, he started his academic career at the College of Forestry, a position he held for almost 40 years. He retired in 1975 and became an emeritus professor. Lowe was the president of the Mycological Society of America in 1960. In the 1980s, Lowe was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease; he died in Syracuse.

Several fungal taxa have been named in his honor, including the species Leptoporus lowei Pilát, Lindtneria lowei M. J. Larsen, Ploioderma lowei Czabator, and Polyporus lowei Burdsall & Lombard, and the genera Loweporus J. E. Wright, Loweomyces (Kotl. & Pouzar) Jülich.

References

1905 births
1997 deaths
American mycologists
Syracuse University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
People from Hopewell, New Jersey
New York State College of Forestry
20th-century American botanists

Josiah Lincoln Lowe


Anton Janša (c. 20 May 1734 – 13 September 1773) was a Carniolan apiarist and painter. Janša is known as a pioneer of modern apiculture and a great expert in the field. He was educated as a painter, but was employed as a teacher of apiculture at the Habsburg court in Vienna.

Biography
Anton Janša was born to Slovene parents in Breznica, Carniola (now in Slovenia). His exact birth date is not known, however, he was baptised on 20 May 1734. At a young age Janša, together with his two brothers, showed a great interest in painting (they had a studio in their barn) and all three brothers, despite being illiterate, went to Vienna and entered the painters' academy there. His brother Lovro actually finished his studies at the academy and became a professor there, but Anton, despite a talent for painting, soon discovered that his true interests were in bee-keeping. His interest came early on, since his father had over one hundred hives at home and neighbouring farmers would gather at the village and discuss farming and bee-keeping. In 1769 he began to work full-time as a bee-keeper and a year later became the first royally appointed teacher of apiculture for all Austrian lands. He kept bees in the imperial gardens (Augarten) and travelled around Austria presenting his observations in regard to moving hives to various pastures. He died in Vienna.

Importance
He became famous for his lectures in which he demonstrated his knowledge of bees. He also wrote two books in German: Abhandlung vom Schwärmen der Bienen (Discussion on Beekeeping, 1771) and Vollständige Lehre von der Bienenzucht (A Full Guide to Beekeeping). The latter was published in 1775, after his death. In his 1775 work he noted: "Bees are a type of fly, hardworking, created by God to provide man with all needed honey and wax. Among all God's beings there are none so hard working and useful to man with so little attention needed for its keep as the bee." The Empress Maria Theresa issued a decree after Janša's death obliging all teachers of apiculture to use his books.

In beekeeping he is noted for changing the size and shape of hives to a form where they can be stacked together like blocks. As a painter he also decorated the fronts of hives with paintings. Janša rejected the belief that the male bees are water carriers and assumed that the queen is fertilized mid-air. He advocated moving hives to pastures.

The Janša Beehive was preserved by Slovene beekeepers and in 1884 a plaque was put on the house where he was born. The Museum of Apiculture in Radovljica is also named after him.

References

Sources
 Anton Janša at Slovenska biografija (in Slovene)

See also
World Bee Day

External links

1734 births
1773 deaths
People from the Municipality of Žirovnica
18th-century Carniolan painters
Carniolan beekeepers
Beekeeping pioneers

Anton Janša


In mathematics, a topological space is said to be weakly contractible if all of its homotopy groups are trivial.

Property
It follows from Whitehead's Theorem that if a CW-complex is weakly contractible then it is contractible.

Example
Define  to be the inductive limit of the spheres . Then this space is weakly contractible. Since  is moreover a CW-complex, it is also contractible.  See Contractibility of unit sphere in Hilbert space for more.

The Long Line is an example of a space which is weakly contractible, but not contractible. This does not contradict Whitehead theorem since the Long Line does not have the homotopy type of a CW-complex.
Another prominent example for this phenomenon is the Warsaw circle.

References

Topology
Homotopy theory

Weakly contractible


Jason Rowe, who formerly recorded under the name Jai, is a British pop and soul singer currently residing in London, England.

Life and career
Jason Rowe was born in Yeovil, England, in December 1969. He moved to London in the mid-1990s and began working with producer Joel Bogen. A single, "Don't Give Me Away", was recorded under the name "Jai" and released on independent record label M&G Records in February 1997. The success of the single in the UK and across Europe attracted the attention of RCA Records, who released Rowe's debut album, Heaven, later that same year. The album featured mostly original works co-written by Rowe with Bogen, Christopher Bemand, and Rob Watson, as well as contemporary covers of the Arthur Hamilton standard "Cry Me a River" and J. J. Cale's "Magnolia". The single "I Believe" was a minor hit in the United States, and the album itself made a brief appearance at No. 49 on the Billboard Heatseekers Album Chart.

In a February 1998 interview with Rolling Stone, Rowe discussed his vocal influences and overall style, likening the content of his first album to "a cross between Portishead and Prince."

After residing for a couple of years in New York City, Rowe returned to Europe, eventually settling in Berlin. He continued to write and perform his own music, and also penned songs for the German hip hop band Die Fantastischen Vier. Signing with manager Jobst Henning-Neermann, Rowe briefly returned to the U.S. in 2006 to record a new solo album. Lovelife was released 23 February 2007 on German record label Four Music, but received only limited promotion and distribution. Shortly thereafter, Rowe contributed a song, "The Dreaming", to an advertising campaign for the Tommy Hilfiger fragrance of the same name.

Rowe has since moved back to England. In June 2011, he married American musician Daphna Dove, having met her several years earlier when she contributed backing vocals to Lovelife. Most recently, Rowe collaborated with Dove in forming two musical groups, The Strings and VictoriA.

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
English male singers
Neo soul singers
People from Yeovil

Jason Rowe


Ambiga Sreenevasan (born 1956) is a lawyer and human rights advocate from Malaysia. In 2009, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life
Sreenevasan went to high school at Convent Bukit Nanasin Kuala Lumpur.  in 1979, she got a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the University of Exeter in England.  She became a lawyer in 1980. She worked in two London law firms, then she became a member of the Malaysian Bar in 1982. In July 2011, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Law (LLD) from the University of Exeter in England.

Work
Sreenevasan was the president of the Malaysian Bar Council from 2007 to 2009.  She was also the head of  Bersih, an NGO for free and fair elections.

Because Sreenevasan wanted to help with problems between ethnic groups, she received hate mail and death threats.  Hundreds of people from religious groups and conservative members of government protested against Sreenevasan at the Bar Council building and called for her arrest.

In 2008, as President of the Malaysian Bar she helped start LAWASIA, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute and Transparency International-Malaysia, to study abuses of power.

Bersih demonstration
Sreenevasan was head of Bersih 2.0, the organisation behind the July 2011 demonstration in Kuala Lumpur.  There were 20,000 people at the demonstration. Sreenevasan said the main problems for Malaysia were "unhappiness... in the Sarawak [election], unhappiness about corruption, [and] unhappiness about the lack of independence of our institutions."

Sreenevasan said the problems from the first demonstration in 2007 were not fixed, so there was another demonstration.

References

Other websites
 Ambiga Sreenevasan, "Malaysia's Many Scandals", The New York Times, August 20, 2015

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Malaysian lawyers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award

Ambiga Sreenevasan


Gee Whiz-z-z-z-z-z-z is a 1956 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Chuck Jones. The short was released on May 5, 1956, and stars Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner.

Plot

[[File:Geewhizz-batman.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Wile. E Coyote sporting his Acme Bat-Man's Outfit in Gee Whiz-z-z-z-z-z-z'.]]
The cartoon begins with the title sign and the Coyote hiding behind it, before the Road Runner speeding past. As he comes by, the Coyote runs right after him but gets hit by a truck (with the card on which the main producers of the cartoon are shown), and just the moment Wile E is hit, even a box falls on him with Charles M. Jones' name.
The Coyote angrily throws the box away and his mock genus/species name in faux-Latin (Eatius Birdius) is shown. He runs right again after Road Runner (Delicius Delicius''), but the speedy bird takes a rectangular U-turn and the Coyote runs through the smoke and stops midway, wondering where the Road Runner went. The Road Runner speeds through the plateau roads in the background and right next to the away-looking Coyote, beeps at him and runs away again. Wile E holds up two signs saying "EGAD" and two exclamation marks; before dropping them, he sits on the ground and plans his schemes.

1. Hiding in a manhole, the Coyote pops out and fires a rifle at the bird. The bullet eventually runs behind the Road Runner, but doesn't hit the bird, even the bird mockingly turns around and beeps on it, then speeds away. The bullet loses its track (brakes in midair and shows question and exclamation marks) and falls on the ground. When the angry Coyote picks it up, it explodes.

2. The next scene shows the annoyed Coyote walking back and forth but he already came up with his plan. In another attempt, Wile E. leaps out into the road with "1 sheet ACME Triple Strength BATTLESHIP STEEL ARMOR PLATE" in front of him; even this cannot stop the Road Runner from barreling through it. The Coyote looks puzzled and even checks his body to see if the bird ran through it too. As he sees the result, he nervously walks away with the plate.

3. While the Road Runner is feasting on some dirt nearby the road, the Coyote puts a lighted stick of dynamite on the end of a fishing line and casts it out. However, it misses the Road Runner and falls under a huge boulder, then explodes. The explosion causes the boulder to fly over the target and crush the Coyote.

4. Wile E., sporting an Acme Bat-Man's Outfit, dives off a cliff, attempting to fly. At first he isn't successful, but he eventually learns the moves. However, when he looks at the camera, he whams into a huge rock face, and the wings from the costume get torn away and stuck on the rock. The Coyote tries to stay in the air with the damaged costume but he only succeeds in falling.

5. After that debacle, he perches himself upon a high branch with an anvil attached to the end of an ACME Rubber Band. He tries to keep himself on the branch with his legs, but the anvil stretches the greatly elastic rubber band so much that he falls through the road with the anvil. The rubber band then throws the Coyote out from the hole and he hits his head right in the branch.

6. The Coyote tries attaching a stick of dynamite to a telescoping spring, and he tests the device successfully. But as he attempts to use it on the Road Runner, now with the dynamite lighted, the spring retracts backwards and sends the Coyote right through a rock wall, after which the spring shrinks and sends the dynamite into the wall as well, which explodes. The Coyote stands charred with the broken device in his hand in the middle of the walls.

7. In the next attempt, Wile E paints a landscape of a broken bridge on a stone wall, which he already displayed with a STOP! BRIDGE OUT sign. The running-by Road Runner rams through the painting, predictably angering the Coyote, for whom the painting activates and he falls into the deep pit he painted. (The situation is quite the contrary of the painting attempt used in the episode Going! Going! Gosh!)

8. The next attempt is to blow up a bridge with explosives. Wile tries to activate the detonator as the Road Runner comes by, but the detonator won't go off. He tries jumping on it and smashing it into the ground but no dice. He then angrily speeds up after the Road Runner, and the detonator goes off thus blowing up the TNT under the bridge.

9. In the last attempt, the Coyote crafts a makeshift jet bike made from a jet motor and handlebars.
With his high-speed vehicle, he quickly follows the Road Runner just one mile behind the bird. However, when the duo arrive at a cliff, the Road Runner, as previously shown, takes his U-turn and the Coyote goes right past his smoke. As he notices his missed target, he angrily switches off his motor, waiting for it to arrive at the other cliff. The Road Runner arrives on the other end of the cliff and the Coyote doesn't reach the end of the cliff. As the Road Runner beeps to greet his nemesis, the Coyote angrily jumps at the bird but he points to the ground and gravity enables, thus the Coyote falls down with his jet bike. In the end, as he starts to fall down to the ground, he holds a sign saying, "How about ending this cartoon before I hit?" His wish is obliged, and as the cartoon irises out, he holds another sign saying, "Thank you."

See also
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1950–1959)

References

External links

1956 films
Looney Tunes shorts
1956 animated films
1956 short films
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner films
1950s Warner Bros. animated short films
Films scored by Milt Franklyn
Animated films without speech
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
Films produced by Edward Selzer
1950s English-language films

Gee Whiz-z-z-z-z-z-z


Lene Hansen is an international relations scholar who is a full professor at the University of Copenhagen. Hansen is most well known within academia for her critique of the absence of gender within the thinking of the Copenhagen School of security studies. Her article "The Little Mermaid's Silent Security Dilemma and the Absence of Gender in the Copenhagen School" is most commonly referenced for that argument. The Feminist scholar Christine Sylvester describes Hansen as the 'leading European feminist doing Critical Security Studies'.

References

Copenhagen School (security studies)
Danish feminists
21st-century Danish politicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

Lene Hansen


Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love is a 1996 erotic romance movie. While this movie was being shot in India, the name of the movie was kept secret because the Indian government would not have allowed filming with the name "Kama Sutra". It was instead named "Maya & Tara". When the movie was finished, it was banned in India due to the erotic scenes, especially homosexual scenes.

In the United States, this movie was originally rated NC-17. It was later trimmed and re-rated R.

Other websites

1990s LGBT movies
1996 romantic drama movies
1990s English-language movies
1990s Indian movies
1996 independent movies

Kama Sutra: A Tale of Love