David Nightingale Hicks (25 March 1929 – 29 March 1998) was an English interior decorator and designer, noted for using bold colours, mixing antique and modern furnishings, and contemporary art for his famous clientele.

Early life and education
David Nightingale Hicks was born at Coggeshall, Essex, the son of stockbroker Herbert Hicks and Iris Elsie (née Platten). He was educated at Charterhouse and the Central School of Arts and Crafts.

Career
After a brief period of National Service in the British army, Hicks began work drawing cereal boxes for J. Walter Thompson, the advertising agency. His career as designer-decorator was launched to media-acclaim in 1954 when the British magazine House & Garden featured the London house he decorated (at 22 South Eaton Place) for his mother and himself.

An early introduction by Fiona Lonsdale, wife of banker Norman Lonsdale, to Peter Evans initiated business partnership in London as the pair, now joined by architect Patrick Garnett, set about designing, building and decorating a restaurant chain (Peter Evans Eating Houses) in London's "hotspots", such as Chelsea and Soho.

Evans said of Hicks:"[He] was without a doubt a genius. He would walk into the most shambolic of spaces that I had decided would be a restaurant, a pub or a nightclub and, lighting up a cigarette, would be out of the place within ten minutes, having decided what atmosphere it would generate because of what it would look like. He always got it spot on."

Hicks and the architectural practice Garnett Cloughley Blakemore (GCB) collaborated on a series of private commissions, including a house on Park Lane for Lord and Lady Londonderry and an apartment for Hicks's brother-in-law, film producer Lord Brabourne. The firm also worked on a new house in London for Hicks's father-in-law, Earl Mountbatten. GCB achieved international recognition when it refurbished the George V Hotel in Paris for the Trust House Forte group. Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film A Clockwork Orange featured GCB's Chelsea Drugstore.

Hicks's early clients mixed aristocracy, media and fashion. He did projects for Vidal Sassoon, Helena Rubinstein, Violet Manners (who became the Duchess of Rutland), Mrs. Condé Nast and Mrs. Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. He made carpets for Windsor Castle and decorated the Prince of Wales's first apartment at Buckingham Palace. Hicks started to design patterned carpets and fabrics when he found none on the market that he considered good enough. These and his hyper-dynamic colour sense formed the basis of a style which was much admired and copied. In 1967, Hicks began working in the USA, designing apartments in Manhattan for an international clientele, and at the same time promoting his carpet and fabric collections. Hicks also designed sets for Richard Lester's 1968 movie Petulia, starring Julie Christie.

In the 1960s, Hicks created a carpet pattern of interlocking hexagons known as Hicks' Hexagon which was prominently featured in Stanley Kubrick's 1980 psychological horror film, The Shining.

In the 1970s/80s Hicks shops opened in fifteen countries around the world. He designed, for example, guestrooms at the Okura Hotel in Tokyo, the public rooms of the British Ambassador's Residence in Tokyo, with only mixed success, and the yacht of the King of Saudi Arabia. Hicks was a talented photographer, painter and sculptor and produced fashion and jewelry collections. He designed the interior of a BMW and scarlet-heeled men's evening shoes.

He wrote, in one of his nine practical design books, David Hicks on Living – With Taste, that his "greatest contribution... has been to show people how to use bold color mixtures, how to use patterned carpets, how to light rooms and how to mix old with new."

Some of Hicks's later work may be seen at Belle Isle, Fermanagh, where the Duke of Abercorn hired him to redecorate the interior of the castle in the 1990s. Hicks decorated the duke's main house, Baronscourt, in the 1970s.

Personal life

He married Lady Pamela Mountbatten (born 19 April 1929), the younger daughter of the 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma by his wife, the former Edwina Ashley.

David and Pamela Hicks were married on 13 January 1960 at Romsey Abbey in Hampshire. They had three children:
 Edwina Victoria Louise Hicks (born 24 December 1961), married the actor Jeremy Brudenell.
 Ashley Louis David Hicks (born 18 July 1963)
 India Amanda Caroline Hicks (born 5 September 1967)

He owned 'The Temple' at Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk in the 1950s.

Death
Hicks spent the last years of his life at The Grove, Brightwell Baldwin in Oxfordshire, where he created a garden.

A chain smoker, Hicks died from lung cancer on March 29, 1998, aged 69, at his home. He designed his own coffin, in which he 'lay in state', according to his precise instructions, in the ground-floor room of his gothic garden pavilion. He was buried on 4 April 1998 in Brightwell Baldwin, Oxfordshire, where his grave is marked by an obelisk-shaped tombstone.

Legacy
His eldest daughter, Edwina, has created her own fabric book titled 'Motifs'.

His son, Ashley Hicks, is an architect and designer. In 2006 he completed David Hicks: Designer – a celebration of his father's work.

His youngest daughter, India, has written two books about design, Island Life and Island Beauty.

References

1929 births
1998 deaths
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
Artists from London
Deaths from lung cancer in England
English interior designers
People educated at Charterhouse School
People from Coggeshall
People from South Oxfordshire District

David Hicks (designer)


Cape Moreton Light, also listed as North Point Range Rear Light, is a heritage-listed active lighthouse located on Cape Moreton, a rocky headland located at the north eastern tip of Moreton Island, a large sand island on the eastern side of Moreton Bay, on the coast of South East Queensland, Australia. It marks the northern entrance to Moreton Bay and Brisbane and also serves as the rear light for the North Point Range. With its two distinctive red bands, it also serves as a daymark. It is the oldest lighthouse in Queensland, and the only one to be built by the New South Wales Government before the separation of Queensland, which took place in 1859. It is also the only lighthouse in Queensland to be built of stone.

The lighthouse was established following an increase in traffic through the northern entrance to Moreton Bay in the 1840s. It was designed by Edmund Blacket in 1854 and established in 1857. Over the years the light source went through several changes, from oil wick, to kerosene, to acetylene gas, to electricity, and finally to solar power. The structures also went through various modifications, the major one being an increase in the lighthouse height and rebuilding of several structures, in 1928–1930.

The station includes the lighthouse, three lighthouse keeper residences, and various buildings. The lighthouse is made of sandstone and topped by a concrete gallery and a cast iron lantern. The residences and most other structures are timber framed and fibro clad.

Establishment
In 1825, Brisbane was established as a penal settlement. In spite of the hazards, the preferred access to Moreton Bay and Brisbane was through the southern entrance, between Moreton Island and North Stradbroke Island, mainly due to shorter shipping route and better shipping conditions. The southern entrance was therefore marked in 1825 and a pilot station was established at Amity Point on North Stradbroke Island in 1827. Although the northern entrance was considered in the 1830s, it was only with the increased shipping activity due to the proclamation of Moreton Bay as a free settlement in 1842 that vessels began to use the northern entrance. Buoys marking the entrance were laid in 1846–1847, and in 1848 the Pilot Station was moved to Bulwer on Moreton Island. By then the northern entry was regarded as the main entry.

In 1850, Brisbane residents petitioned the New South Wales Government, which controlled the Queensland area until Queensland's separation in 1859, to establish a lighthouse on Cape Moreton. The government also wanted to encourage ships to use the broader and safer northern passage. Planning for the structure, therefore, commenced in 1852. The site was selected and surveyed in 1853, and the lighthouse was designed in 1854 by Edmund Blacket the New South Wales Colonial Architect of the time. However, Blacket resigned on 10 June 1854, for the private market, and left the office on 25 August. The office remained vacant until 1 October 1854, when Blacket was succeeded by William Weaver. Drawings for the tower which were completed in September 1854 were signed by Alexander Beazeley, Foreman of Works in the Colonial Architect's office. The tower was finally built during the office of Alexander Dawson who succeeded Weaver in 1856, and signed further drawings made in April 1856.

The tower was constructed by a contractor, Mark Farrell, for the cost of , using prison labor, and supervised by Beazeley. Both the lighthouse and three sandstone lighthouse keeper cottages were constructed from locally quarried sandstone. The lighthouse was first displayed in February 1857, though tenders for painting the tower were called for only in December 1858.

The original optical apparatus was a catoptric system consisting of 21 oil wick lamps with parabolic reflectors. The lighthouse was , visible for .

Development
In 1859, control of the lightstation passed to the Government of Queensland, but it continued to be managed by the New South Wales Marine Board until the formation of the Queensland Department of Ports and Harbours in 1862. In 1864 a telegraph office was opened at the Cape. In 1873, the oil wick lamps were replaced with kerosene. During the 1860s and 1870s some further structures were constructed in the station including a schoolhouse (opened in 1879), a stable, and other storage buildings. A telegraph line was constructed during the 1890s, and a Morse lamp visible for  was installed in the 1910s. In 1913 the timber parts of the structures, which were damaged by ants, were replaced. A 1911–1913 survey found the light in good shape, though the apparatus was found out of date and needing replacement. This replacement was to be delayed for a long time due to the transfer of all coastal lights to the Commonwealth, occurring officially October 1913, though practically in July 1915. A post office was operated by the light keepers between 1915 and the early 1920s.

In 1928, the tower was extended and the lighthouse reached its current height of  to increase its range. In 1928–1930, the keepers' cottages were replaced with timber framed fibro clad structures. In 1930, the lantern underwent major modification. The lantern house was replaced with  diameter Chance Brothers lantern room. The optical apparatus was replaced with either a third order Chance Bros dioptric lens or a four panel  AGA catadioptric lens on an AGA pedestal. The light source was replaced by an AGA incandescent gas mantle operated by acetylene gas, and a sun valve was also installed.

Electricity
In 1937, the light was converted to 110 V DC electricity. The two distinctive red bands were painted in 1942. In 1967 the power source was replaced with 240 V AC power, being supplied by two diesel alternators, and a new lens, pedestal, bearing and optic drive may have been installed. The range of the 1967 light was . The light was modernised in July 1988, with the installation of a 120 V 1 Kw tungsten halogen lamp. In 1990, the handrails and stanchions of the balcony and external staircase were replaced and an access ladder to the dome was installed. On 8 December 1993, the light was converted to solar powered operation and a VRB-25 apparatus was installed.

Current display

The light characteristic shown is four white flashes, separated by 3.3 seconds, every 20 seconds (Fl.(4)W. 20s), visible for . The light source is a 12 V 35 W Halogen lamp producing an intensity of 14,000 cd. The light revolves three times per minute.

Front light
Cape Moreton Light is located  at 132°30′ from North Point Range Front Light. The front light is a square  concrete house with a white lantern. It displays a quickly flashing white or red light, depending on the direction (Q.W.R.). The white light, shown at 04°-192° and 244°-258°, is visible for . The red light, shown at 192°-244° and 258°-294°, is visible for .

Structures
The structures of the station are built in three levels. On the highest level is the lighthouse, surrounded by the workshop, former powerhouse and fuel store, the head keeper cottage to the north and an office further north. On the second level is the first assistant keeper residence and two sheds, a garage and a powerhouse. On the bottom level is the second assistant keeper residence, some distance to the south, and a fuel store to the north.

Lighthouse

The circular tower,  high from the ground to the lantern, is made of sandstone blocks laid in regular courses. The ground level has thicker walls, topped by a timber floor. The tower shaft tapers slightly toward the top, where the cast iron lantern sits. Entrance to the tower is either through a timber door on the ground level, or through a timber door on the top of the original 1857 external masonry staircase (with a modern 1990 handrail) that circles the first floor, leading to the first floor. Two horizontal bands are painted close to the top, and the tower is otherwise unpainted, showing the sandstone colour. Both the ground floor and the lantern floor are made of concrete. Access from the ground floor to the lantern is first via a ladder leading to a trapdoor in the first floor, then via the original internal cast iron spiral stair, ending in a landing below the lantern, and finally, another short ladder leading to a trapdoor in the lantern floor. The internal is painted, and lit by small square glass panels in timber frames.

The tower is topped by the 1930  diameter Chance Brothers lantern, painted white. The lantern cylindrical wall is made of six bolted cast iron panels. These support a continuous band of curved glass with cast iron glazing bars, and a small catwalk between the wall and the glazing. The cupola on top of the lantern is made of sheet copper, painted red, and it is topped by ball vent and a wind vane. An access ladder and safety rails, installed in 1990, provide access to the cupola. In the center of the lantern is the VRB-25 apparatus, mounted on steel box.

Surrounding the lantern is a concrete gallery, accessible through a door in the lantern wall, with a white painted balustrade, and a 1990 railing. The solar panels are mounted on the gallery.

Other structures

The three keepers' cottages were constructed in 1928–1930. The head keeper's house is located close to the lighthouse, and on the tallest ground, and also includes a small fenced garden. The assistant keeper residence is located right to the west, but geographically lower. The second assistant residence is located at some distance from the main cluster of buildings, to the south, and even lower. The residences are square one storey structures, timber-framed and fibro clad, with central rooms, no corridors, enclosed verandahs and hipped roofs. The head keeper's house and the second assistant's house have corrugated fibrous cement rood while the first assistant house has a newer corrugated zinc/aluminium alloy (Zincalume) metal roof. A museum was set in the second assistant's quarters in 1988. Two spherical steel rainwater tanks are set next to each of the houses.

The three sheds surrounding the lighthouse are the workshop to the south, the former powerhouse to the west and the fuel store to the north. They are all rectangular structures, timber-framed and fibro clad with corrugated fibrous cement gable roofs. The workshop appears to be built on the remains of one of the early stone buildings, lying on a plinth with sandstone steps. It consists of two rooms with pivoting sash windows and timber framed doors and no internal lining. The former powerhouse and the fuel store have reinforced concrete floors, fibro lining, double-hung sash windows and double timber framed doors.

The office to the north of the head keeper house is a small square room raised on short concrete pillars, constructed of timber-framed fibro clad walls and corrugated fibrous cement roof. It has a continuous band of windows. The last three buildings, the garage, powerhouse and fuel store, are small brick buildings with metal roofs and reinforced concrete floors.

Site operation and visiting
The site and the light are operated by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. The island can be reached by ferry service from Scarborough, though visiting requires a permit and a four-wheel drive is mandatory. The station is accessible, but the lighthouse is closed to the public.

Heritage listing
The lighthouse was added to the Queensland Heritage Register in 2004.

See also

 Moreton Island lighthouses
 List of lighthouses in Australia

Notes

References

External links

Lighthouses completed in 1857
Lighthouses in Queensland
Queensland places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
Queensland Heritage Register
South East Queensland
1857 establishments in Australia
Moreton Island
Pre-Separation Queensland

Cape Moreton Light


Sutton Walls Hillfort is an elongated ovoid Iron Age Hill fort located four miles north of the city of Hereford, England. It was added to the Sites and Monuments Record in 1988.

History
The Sutton Walls hillfort dates back to the Iron Age. By 100 BC defenses began to be constructed in the form of a V shaped ditch and an internal bank. The ditch and groundwork were then reinforced by revetting the banks with timber and stone. The reason for such work being done was because a larger community was establishing itself on top of the fort. The people in the settlement lived in wood and stone huts which were situated within the newly constructed defenses. These very defenses were strengthened around the year 25 AD, in the form of a large wooden perimeter wall enclosing the settlement atop the fort.

Archaeological digs have revealed that in around 48 AD, Sutton Walls was attacked by the Romans under the leadership of Ostorius Scapula and 24 of its inhabitants were slain and their bodies were thrown into the ditch. It is clear from examining the wounds of the skeletons of victims excavated that they were killed in such a conflict. Whilst some display clear arrow wound characteristics, others have clearly been decapitated. After the fort was conquered and its people either banished or put to the sword, the Romans themselves occupied it and did so till roughly the 3rd century. In this time the Romans greatly strengthened the fort's defenses likely constructing a larger and more resilient perimeter wall to establish superiority over the local land and its people.

The fort is also regarded by many as being the location of the palace of Offa of Mercia. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle it was at Sutton Walls where Offa arranged Æthelberht II of East Anglia to be murdered in 794. Mediaeval sources tell how he was taken captive whilst visiting his future Mercian bride Ælfthyth and was then murdered and buried. In Richard of Cirencester's account of the murder, which cannot be substantiated, Offa's evil queen Cynethryth poisoned her husband's mind until he agreed to have his guest killed. Æthelberht was then bound and beheaded by a certain Grimbert and his body was unceremoniously disposed of. The medieval historian John Brompton's Chronicon describes how the king's detached head fell off a cart into a ditch where it was found, before it restored a blind man's sight. Posthumously Æthelberht was canonised and became the focus of cults in East Anglia and at Hereford, where the shrine of the saintly king once existed.

External links
Sutton Walls Hillfort at PastScape
Sutton Walls Hillfort monument detail at Herefordshire Through Time
suttonwalls.co.uk

References

Hill forts in Herefordshire
Former populated places in Herefordshire

Sutton Walls Hill Fort


Jason Chan Pak-Yu (, born 20 July 1983 as Ivan Chan) is a Hong Kong Canadian singer. He debuted under Sony Music in 2006 and released his debut album First Experience in 2007 and has since released more than 10 albums. He has been dubbed by the Hong Kong media as the music industry's "hidden master" (樂壇隱世高手). Chan has also ventured into film and television, and business, owning two bars in Hong Kong.

Life and career

Early life and career beginnings
Chan was born in Hong Kong and moved to Canada when he was seven years old with his mother after his parents divorced. He has a younger sister. Chan attended Markville Secondary School in Markham, Ontario, and studied social work in university briefly. He returned to Hong Kong in 2005 and worked in customer service at an IT firm. After his friend sent his demo and recordings from a singing competition in Canada to Sony Music Hong Kong (then known as Sony BMG), he was offered a contract and signed with the label.

2006–2007: Debut and First Experience
In 2006 he debuted with the single "Stubborn" 固執. Singles from his debut studio album First Experience was met with success. "Save Forever" 永久保存 was released in 2007, becoming Chan's first number one on RTHK and included in First Experience Reloaded. First Experience was certified gold by IFPI. Chan swept newcomer awards in 2007, including Best New Male Artist at the Metro Radio Hit Music Awards, Best Selling New Male Artist at the IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award, Most Popular Male Newcomer Silver prize at the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation, and Best Prospect Award Gold prize at the 30th RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards.

2008–2009: Change, Close Up, Can't Be Half, Put On
On 30 May 2008 he issued his second album, Change. Its first single "I Miss You", featuring Fiona Fung peaked at number one on RTHK, and placed number two on the other three major stations (Ultimate 903, Metro Radio, and TVB). "Which Star are You From" 你來自那顆星 was released to radio stations as the second single, peaking at number two on TVB and Metro Radio. "Logic and Feelings" 理智與感情 featuring Taiwanese singer Rainie Yang was released as the third single; it topped the 988FM chart in Malaysia. Chan made his film debut in the movie Love is Elsewhere.

Close Up is Chan's first extended play, and was released on 13 May 2009. Two singles were released from the EP, "I will be Loving You", and "You Lie I Lie", with both songs reaching number one on the Ultimate Song Chart, and charted in the top five of the other local charts. Chan released full-length album Can't Be Half on 18 December, completing the year with singles "Half Dating" and "No Wrong Done", both penned by Lin Xi, to moderate chart success. Chan won Outstanding Artiste (Hong Kong) at the 9th Global Chinese Music Awards.

In 2010, 人外有人 from Can't Be Half was released to radio stations to moderate, success, peaking at number four on RTHK. Put On was released on 15 October 2010. Singles "Don't Fear Losing" 别怕失去 and "One Extra Love" 多此一爱 were released in support of the album. "Don't Fear Losing" reached number one on the Ultimate Song Chart.

Being managed by Song Music, Chan became a victim of the royalties controversy between the Hong Kong Recording Industry Alliance (HKRIA) and TVB, unable to make appearances on TVB's programmes, and no songs of his charted on the Jade Solid Gold Chart from late 2009 to 2014.

2011–2014: Quinquennium, Lost and Found, The Next Moment, and Tales
Chan released his first greatest hits compilation Quinquennium on 23 June 2011, marking his fifth year in the industry. Four new songs were recorded for the compilation album: "Unlimited" 無限 (with labelmate Phil Lam), "Dignity" 尊嚴, "Praise Myself" 讚讚自己, and "Looking From Afar"  望遠方, the Cantonese theme song for Korean drama Yi San. Chan played a supporting role in the film Lan Kwai Fong.

Lost and Found was released on 23 March 2012.

Released on 15 March 2013, The Next Moment was Chan's sixth studio album. Singles "Let the Bullets Fly", "Contradict", "People Around" were released as singles. Chan wrote six of the songs on the album, taking a much higher degree of creative control. A deluxe edition was issued 23 May, adding three music videos and footage from his Jason Chan & Friends The Next Moment mini-concert.

Tales was released 26 November 2013. In support of the album Chan headlined his first major concert, Tales Live 2013, at the Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre Star Hall on 29 November 2013. The concert was released as a DVD+CD 31 March 2014 as TALES Live 2013/14.

2015–present: Escape, 10th anniversary and widespread recognition
His 2015 studio album Escape was released in June and spawned his first all-kill single "A Look and a Smile" 回眸一笑. The second plug, "Missing You" 別來無恙, written by Phil Lam, topped three radio stations, but did not chart on Ultimate 903. On 23 June, he headlined a show Escape Live Session at the MacPherson Stadium to promote the album.

In February 2016 Chan starred in the musical Ever After directed by Edmond Tong, alongside Evelyn Choi. The musical was slotted for eight shows. An original soundtrack was released in support of the musical, containing three original tracks. The lead track "Ever After" was sent to radio stations, eventually reaching number one on all major stations. "Ever After" also won Chan awards at year-end award shows. On 5 June, Chan co-headlined concert KKBOX LIVE Jason Chan x Phil Lam Sing Together (陳柏宇 X 林奕匡 《一起唱》音樂會) at the Convention and Exhibition Centre. Chan returned to the charts with "The Last Episode", a jazz-oriented song. It reached number one on JSG, RTHK, and Metro Radio, and number two on Ultimate 903.

Commemorating the 10th anniversary of his career in the music industry, Chan released his second greatest hits album The Players. The album contained five new tracks and seven new versions of his greatest hits. "Without You I am Nothing" 沒有你,我什麼都不是 became Chan's second all-kill in the year. On 25–27 November, he hosted his anniversary concert The Players Live in Concert at the Kowloonbay International Trade & Exhibition Centre. A limited vinyl edition of The Players was released in March 2017.

Chan returned to the charts with single "The Walking Dead", his first collaboration with prolific lyricist Wyman Wong. Though not as acclaimed, the song managed to top the Ultimate Song Chart and the Metro Radio pop chart. On 24 November 2017 he released his tenth studio album I. Chan held his first Hong Kong Coliseum concert titled Speechless on 2 and 3 December.

On 1 January 2018 at the 2017 Ultimate Song Chart Awards Presentation, Chan was voted as My Favorite Male Singer, his first time winning the award. He again won Ultimate's Best Male Singer Silver Prize.

On 22 May 2018, Chan released "Infinite" (無限大). This song written for his daughter was favored by many radio stations and won two championships and two seasons. Due to the loss of vocal cords, the second annual title song "Seriously As Always" (認真如初). was postponed to 20 August 2018.

In March 2020, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Hong Kong Branch (WWF) once again invited Kay Tse and Jason Chan as ambassadors to promote sustainable living

On 25 June 2021, Chan released 53FPS. The conceptual EP is noted for a change in arrangement from Chan's previous albums. The lead single "Such Thing As Emotions" (感情这回事) achieved commercial and critical success, topping three local radio stations and won Ultimate Song Chart Awards 2020 Top Ten Songs Number 8.

On 10 and 11 December 2021, Chan headlined his second Hong Kong Coliseum concert Fight For___Live.

Personal life
Chan married his long time girlfriend, Leanne Fu on 3 July 2017. The couple have four dogs and cats. On 7 April 2018, he posted an ultrasound photo of his wife Leanne Fu's belly on his social media accounts. Their daughter Abigail was born on 25 September 2018.

Controversy
In 2017, Jason Chan took the lead in opening a store called "Yunchang Xiaolongkan Hotpot". In response to the question, Jason Chan insisted that the restaurant has obtained China's Xiaolongkan hot pot franchise. However, the real Xiaolongkan hot pot later stated an official channels that the company did not know the details of the "Yunchang Xiaolongkan Hot Pot" restaurant.

Discography

 First Experience (2007)
 Change (2008)
 Close Up (2009)
 Can't Be Half (2009)
 Put On (2010)
 Quinquennium (2011)
 Lost and Found (2012)
 The Next Moment (2013)
 Tales (2013)
 Escape (2015)
 The Players (2016)
 I (2017)
 Present (2018)
 Anyone But Jason (2019)
 53FPS (2021)

Filmography

Television shows

References

External links
Jason's YouTube Channel

1983 births
Living people
Cantopop singers
Hong Kong emigrants to Canada
Hong Kong male film actors
Hong Kong male singers
Hong Kong singer-songwriters
Hong Kong male singer-songwriters
Hong Kong male television actors
Male actors from Ontario
Musicians from Ontario
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Markham, Ontario
21st-century Hong Kong male actors
Sony Music Hong Kong artists

Jason Chan (singer)


The Cloud Door (, ) is a 1994 short Indo-German drama film, directed by acclaimed Indian director Mani Kaul and featuring Hindu erotic literary themes. The film was produced by the German producer Regina Ziegler. The Cloud Door was featured along with other short films such as Susan Seidelman's The Dutch Master and Ken Russell's The Insatiable Mrs. Kirsch, as a part of Ziegler Films' compilation of short erotic films called Erotic Tales.

Mani Kaul drew upon three literary sources for it: the Sanskrit play Avimaraka, written by Bhāsa around 5th-7th century; the Sufi epic love poem Padmavat, written by Mohammed Jayasi in the 13th century; and the erotic Indian tales Śukasaptati.

Plot
An Indian king overhears a parrot telling erotic stories to his daughter. Enraged, he wishes to kill the parrot. The princess intervenes and saves the parrot's life by explaining to her father that the bird does not know what it is saying. In gratitude, the bird flies to the princess's lover and leads him through a labyrinth to the princess's private chambers. The princess and the lover spend the night making love.

Reception
In January 1995, The Cloud Door was screened once for the public at the International Film Festival of India in Mumbai as part of the Erotic Tales program. Kaul, known for his aesthetic work, had never previously made an Indian erotic film, despite the country's rich history of erotic folk art and literature. The single-screening of the film caused an uproar due to its erotic nature and on-screen nudity, and resulted in the police being called in to prevent rioting. An extra screening, exclusively for the press, was held later at a different venue. The film was also screened at the Munich Film Festival, Locarno International Film Festival, New York Film Festival and the Robert Flaherty Film Seminar.

Variety reviewer Todd McCarty said the film "features pictorial beauty, slow-building sensuality and surprising humor that combine to rich effect". The reviewer for the New York Times said that the film, when viewed with subtitles and deprived of its cultural context of Muslim and Hindu literature, "becomes a succession of brightly colored images that almost tell a story: a beautiful woman, perhaps a courtesan; a green, long-tailed parrot who repeats the erotic phrases he's picked up in her room; potential lovers; a fish that laughs". Another review observed that The Cloud Door has plenty of humorous and sensual imagery and flows like a folk tale. Beautiful nothingness perhaps, but still nothingness. Certainly, the actors here are very attractive, the costumes and sets are gorgeous, but the story has very few memorable moments to make this film memorable.

References

External links

1994 short films
1994 films
Indian short films
1990s Hindi-language films
Indian erotic drama films
Films directed by Mani Kaul
German erotic drama films
German drama short films
Indian films based on plays
Films based on Indian folklore
1990s German films
Nudity in film

The Cloud Door


James Irvine (1822 – 17 March 1889) was a Scottish portraitist.

Life
Irvine was born in Menmuir, Forfarshire in 1822. He was the eldest son of John Irvine and was educated at the local parish school. He was a pupil of the Scottish portrait painter Colvin Smith at Brechin.

Irvine was able to gain paid experience by painting the "old retainers" on Mr. Carnegy-Arbuthnott of Balnamoon estate. Irvine was based as a painter at Arbroath, before he moved to Montrose where he gathered commissions from the rectors of the Montrose Academy and the curator of Montrose Museum.

Eventually he received much more work as he was recognised as Scotland's leading portraitist. He was a good friend of his fellow artist George Paul Chalmers. Among his portraits were those of James Coull (1786–1880), a survivor of the sea battle that led to the Capture of USS Chesapeake. Coull had also been born in Ferryden, near Montrose but decades before Irvine in 1786. Coull had fought at the Battle of Trafalgar and had lost a hand to a musket ball. After years of whaling he had retired to his hometown where Irvine painted him five times. Coull had become a celebrity because of his life and for living so long. Coull's obituary was eventually covered in the New York Times.

Irvine also painted some landscapes and he had begun memorial portraits of the Earl and Countess of Dalhousie when he died of congestion of the lungs at his home in Montrose on the 17 March 1889. Irvine has over thirty paintings in public ownership

References

1822 births
1889 deaths
People from Forfar
19th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
19th-century Scottish male artists

James Irvine (painter)


Bruce Edward Pelz (August 11, 1936 – May 9, 2002) was a US science fiction fan. He was highly active in the Los Angeles Science Fantasy Society (LASFS) and a major SMOF, co-chairing the 30th World Science Fiction Convention.  He also wrote filksongs and was a master costumer.

Early life
Pelz spent most of his childhood in New York State. He earned the rank of Eagle Scout. He went to college in Florida, where he developed an interest in spelunking (initially as an attempt to conquer claustrophobia) and encountered science fiction fandom for the first time.

In 1959 he moved to Los Angeles to study library science at the University of Southern California, and joined LASFS.

Fan career
Pelz served at least two terms as LASFS President ("Director", or later "Procedural Director") and was Treasurer for nearly a decade, shepherding the club to ownership of its own building, an idea originally proposed by Paul Turner.  Even after he retired from that position, he remained active on the corporate Board of Directors, serving as Chairman and later as corporate treasurer ("Comptroller").  He was a respected elder statesman of the club until his death in 2002.

Pelz came into fandom before the hobby had speciated, when fans commonly participated in many areas of the hobby.  Pelz published general interest fanzines ("genzines") and newszines, assisting Ron Ellik with Starspinkle (1962–1964), then starting his own Ratatosk (1964–1968).

Pelz also became an omniapan, joining all fannish amateur press associations ("APAs"; hence "apans"; hence "omniapans") then in existence — FAPA, SAPS, OMPA, and The Cult, and later two local APAs: APA-F (published weekly at the alternating meetings of the Fanoclasts and FIStFA in New York City) and APA-L (published weekly at LASFS and still ongoing).  Even when a special "fractional" issue of APA-L was produced at a LASFS social event (a "Fanquet") without telling him, Pelz arrived with a fanzine to contribute, keeping his unbroken string.  The only longer unbroken run of participation in APA-L is that of Fred Patten, who contributed every week until January 22, 2009, for 2280 issues.

Pelz spent a lifetime assembling one of the greatest privately held fanzine collections, which now is part of the J. Lloyd Eaton Collection at the University of California, Riverside.

Costume
Pelz also took part in costume competitions and won several prizes at world and regional conventions, including
 Heavy Trooper (from The Dragon Masters by Jack Vance), Westercon, 1963 and again at Worldcon, 1968
 Fafhrd (with Ted Johnstone as the Gray Mouser and Dian as Ningauble of the Seven Eyes, from Fritz Leiber's Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser stories), Worldcon, 1963
 Gorice of Carce (from The Worm Ouroboros, with his first wife Dian as Lady Sriva), Westercon 1965 and again at Worldcon, 1970.
 The Fat Fury (from Herbie Popnecker comics, with Dian as Ticklepuss), Westercon, 1966
 Chun the Unavoidable (from The Dying Earth by Jack Vance), Worldcon, 1966
 Barquentine (from Titus Groan), Westercon, 1967
 Countess Gertrude (from Titus Groan by Mervyn Peake), Worldcon, 1968
 Nick van Rijn (from Poul Anderson's Polesotechnic League stories), Westercon, 1978

Other
Pelz was also active in filk music in the 1960s and early 1970s.  He wrote several classic folksongs, including musical settings for 3 poems from Silverlock by John Myers Myers, and published The Filksong Manual, originally in four slim volumes, later re-issued as a single volume with added material.

In later life, Pelz was best known for his activities in organizing science fiction conventions, sometimes referred to as SMOFFing.  He was heavily involved with nearly every convention held in Los Angeles from the mid-60s until his death. Pelz was instrumental in convincing the LASFS to start holding an annual convention, Loscon, and he chaired Loscon X (1983). He co-chaired the 30th World Science Fiction Convention in 1972, with Chuck Crayne.  He co-chaired the 1969 Westercon, and served as chair of the 1976 and the 2002 Westercon (his wife Elayne Pelz, also an experienced conrunner, assumed leadership upon his death and the con was held successfully).

He was Fan Guest of Honor of the 38th World Science Fiction Convention in Boston in 1980.  Pelz also lent his time and expertise to conventions held in other cities, even outside of North America. His leadership was instrumental in rescuing the ill-fated 1966 Westercon, Westercon XIX, in San Diego. For many years he drove a car with the license plate "SMOF 2".

Pelz also found time for other projects, including the Fantasy Showcase Tarot. He arranged for 78 artists to paint one Tarot card each, and arranged for the deck to be published. It is still available for sale. The project grew to include four non-standard cards, and several of the original artists had to be replaced because the promised paintings were never delivered, so the list of artists eventually grew to nearly 100.

Death
Pelz suffered a pulmonary embolism and died at a Los Angeles area hospital on May 9, 2002.

References

1936 births
2002 deaths
American speculative fiction artists
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Science fiction artists
University of Southern California alumni

Bruce Pelz


Geriatric psychiatry, also known as geropsychiatry, psychogeriatrics or psychiatry of old age, is a branch of medicine and a subspecialty of psychiatry dealing with the study, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders in people of old age. Geriatric psychiatry as a subspecialty has significant overlap with the specialties of geriatric medicine, behavioural neurology, neuropsychiatry, neurology, and general psychiatry. Geriatric psychiatry has become an official subspecialty of psychiatry with a defined curriculum of study and core competencies.

History

Origins

The origins of geriatric psychiatry began with Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist who first identified amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in a fifty-year-old woman he called Auguste D. These plaques and tangles were later identified as being responsible for her behavioural symptoms, short-term memory loss, and psychiatric symptoms. These brain anomalies would become identifiers of what later became known as Alzheimer's disease.

Subspecialty
The subspecialty of geriatric psychiatry originated in the United Kingdom in the 1950s.

Naming
The geropsychiatric unit, the term for a hospital-based geriatric psychiatry program, was first introduced in 1984 by Norman White MD, when he opened New England's first specialized program at a community hospital in Rochester, New Hampshire. White is a pioneer in geriatric psychiatry, being among the first psychiatrists nationally to achieve board certification in the field. The prefix psycho- had been proposed for the geriatric program, but White, knowing New Englanders' aversion to anything psycho- lobbied successfully for the name geropsychiatric rather than psychogeriatrics.

Diseases
Diseases and disorders diagnosed or managed by geriatric psychiatrists include:
 Dementia
 Mild cognitive impairment
 Alzheimer's disease
 Vascular dementia
 Dementia with Lewy bodies
 Parkinson's disease
 Neuropsychiatric complications from stroke, multiple sclerosis
 Late-life presentations of psychiatric disorders
 Depression
 Melancholic depression
 Anxiety disorders
 Bipolar disorder
 Schizophrenia
 Personality disorders
 Medical-Psychiatric Disorders
 Delirium
 Catatonia
 Substance use disorder

Geriatric Psychiatrist

A geriatric psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in the field of medical sub-specialty called geriatric psychiatrist. A geriatric psychiatrist holds a board certification after specialized training after attaining a medical degree, residency, and an additional geriatric psychiatry fellowship training program. The requirements may vary by countries. Geriatric psychiatrist are also psychiatrists who are qualified in the general diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Some geriatric psychiatrists also conduct research to determine the cause and better treatments for neurodegenerative disorders and late-life mental health disorders.

Geriatric psychiatrists may perform neurological examinations, mental status examination, laboratory investigations, neuroimaging, cognitive assessments to investigate the causes of psychiatric or neurologic symptoms in old age.

Training

International
The International Psychogeriatric Association is an international community of scientists and healthcare geriatric professionals working for mental health in aging. International Psychogeriatrics is the official journal of the International Psychogeriatric Association.

Canada
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada is responsible for training and certifying geriatric psychiatrists in Canada. Geriatric psychiatry requires an additional year of subspecialty fellowship training in addition to general psychiatry training.

United Kingdom
The Royal College of Psychiatrists is responsible for training and certifying psychiatrists in the United Kingdom. Within the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Faculty of Old Age Psychiatry is responsible for training in Old Age Psychiatry. Doctors who have membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists can undertake a three or four-year training programme to become a specialist in Old Age Psychiatry. There is currently a shortage of old age psychiatrists in the United Kingdom.

United States
The American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) is the national organization representing health care providers specializing in late life mental disorders. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry is the official journal of the AAGP. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the American Osteopathic Board of Neurology and Psychiatry both issue a board certification in geriatric psychiatry.

After a 4-year residency in psychiatry, a psychiatrist can complete a one-year fellowship in geriatric psychiatry. Many fellowships in geriatric psychiatry exist.

See also
 Geriatrics
 GERRI

References

External links

Geriatrics

Geriatric psychiatry


The Corries war a Scottish folk group that startit fae the Scottish folk revival ae the eerly 1960s.  The group wis a trio fae their formation wi Paddy Bell, Roy Williamson, Bill Smith and Ron Cruikshank, till Cruikshank contracted glandular fever and wis replaced by Ronnie Browne. They wir called The Corrie Folk Trio and Paddie Bell. Later i' 1966 whan founder Bill Smith an' Paddie Bell left th' baund, Roy Williamson and Ronnie Browne kept as a duo till Williamson deid in 1990.

The Corrie Folk Trio appeared on television fir the BBC on th' Hoot'nanny Show an' gained popularity, notably singing the Braes o' Killiecrankie.

20t-century Breetish sangsters

The Corries


Ralph A. Weller (8 September 1921 – March 30, 1995) was president of Otis Elevator Company. His political views and activism landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents.

During his tenure at the helm of Otis, Weller gained prominence as a business statesman/trade expansionist through his leadership in various programs sponsored by the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
International Economic Affairs Committee. For example, in November 1974 Weller co-chaired the NAM's Industrial Mission to the Mid-East- The project mission visited Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Egypt and Algeria- with twelve chief executives representing a diverse cross-section of US industrial and agricultural corporations. The mission's findings were published by NAM and helped strengthen US business presence in the region through expanded trade and investment

He was president of Otis when United Technologies waged a stock buyout in 1975.

He graduated from Virginia Military Institute and Harvard Business School.

References

Staff report (November 24, 1975). Going Down, Please Time Magazine
Saxon, Wolfgang (April 5, 1995). Ralph A. Weller, 73, Executive Who Led Otis in Growth Period. New York Times
National Association of Manufacturers" Cornerstone for Cooperation: NAM Industrial Mission to the Mid-East, (March 1975)

1921 births
1995 deaths
Otis Worldwide
20th-century American businesspeople
Virginia Military Institute alumni
Harvard Business School alumni

Ralph Weller


Rama is the legendary Indian king regarded as an incarnation of Vishnu.

Rama may also refer to:

Within the scriptures of India
 Rama in Jainism
 Parashurama (Rama with an axe), a partial incarnation of Vishnu
 Balarama (the strong Rama), brother of Krishna
 another name of Lakshmi

People

Kings
 Rama (Kings of Thailand)
 Ram Khamhaeng (1279–1298)
 Ramathibodi I (1350–1369), Uthong
 Ramathibodi II (1491–1529), Chettathirat
 Ramathibodi III, the Great (1656–1688), Narai
 Rama I, the Great (1782–1809), Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke
 Rama II of Siam (1809–1824), Buddha Loetla Nabhalai
 Rama III (1824–1851), Nangklao
 Rama IV (1851–1868), Mongkut
 Rama V, the Great (1868–1910), Chulalongkorn
 Rama VI (1910–1925), Vajiravudh
 Rama VII (1925–1935), Prajadhipok
 Rama VIII (1935–1946), Ananda Mahidol
 Rama IX, the Great (1946–2016), Bhumibol Adulyadej
 Rama X (2016–present), Vajiralongkorn

Rulers of Cambodia
 Barom Reameathibtei (1363–1373), Borommarama
 Ramathipadi I (1642–1658), Ponhea Chan
 Barom Ramadhipati (1700–1701/1710–1722), Ang Em
 Ramathipadi III (1748–1749/1756–1757), Ang Tong
 Ramathipadi IV (1775–1779), Ang Non

Rulers of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom
 Binnya Ran I (1424–1446)
 Binnya Ran II (1492–1526)

Rulers of the Kingdom of Cochin
 Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
 Rama Varma IX (1790–1805)
 Rama Varma X (1805–1809)
 Rama Varma XI (1828–1837)
 Rama Varma XII (1837–1844)
 Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851)
 Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888)
 Rama Varma XV (1895–1914)
 Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932)
 Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941)

King of Rama, title used by the Kings of Hungary

Other people
 Rama (actress), Indian film actress
 Annabelle Rama (born 1952), Filipina actress
 Edi Rama (born 1964), Albanian politician and artist
 Rama Government, the cabinet formed by Rama after he was elected as prime minister
 Mike Rama (born 1954), Filipino politician
 N. T. Rama Rao (1923–1996), Indian film actor, director, producer, and politician
 N. T. Rama Rao Jr. (b. 1983), Indian Telugu film actor
 Rezart Rama (born 2000), Albanian footballer

Historical personalities
 Nityananda Rama, the Vaishnava saint
 "The Rama" (1530–1572), Jewish religious teacher Moses Isserles
 Frederick Lenz, a spiritual teacher who used Rama as his teaching name

Places
Rəmə, Azerbaijan
Rama (Gaul), a town in ancient Gaul
Rama, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a historical region of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Rama, Ethiopia
Rama, Jenin, a Palestinian village in the Jenin Governorate
Rama, Ontario, Canada
Rama, Saskatchewan, Canada
Rama Lake (Bosnia and Herzegovina), near Prozor
Rama Lake (Pakistan), a lake near Astore, Pakistan
Rama River (disambiguation), several rivers
Ramatha (or Rama), a former Roman Catholic titular bishopric in Palestine
El Rama, a municipality in the South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, Nicaragua
Rameh, a town in northern Israel
Al-Ram, a town near Jerusalem

Entertainment
 Rama (character), a DC Comics Indian superhero based on the Hindu god
 Ramachandra (film), a 2003 film
 Rendezvous with Rama, the first in a series of books known as the "Rama series" by Arthur C. Clarke and Gentry Lee
 Rama (video game), a 1997 video game based on the books

Other uses
 Rama (fish), a genus of catfish
 Rama (food), a brand of margarine
 Rama people, in Nicaragua
 Rama language, spoken by the Rama people
 Rama Records, a record label
 Research Moored Array for African-Asian-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA)
 Order of Rama, a Thai military award
 RAMa (Régiment d'Artillerie de Marine), a type of formation in the French Army, such as
 1st Marine Artillery Regiment (1st RAMa)
 11th Marine Artillery Regiment (11th RAMa)
 a previous name of the interstellar object ʻOumuamua

See also

 Raam (disambiguation)
 Ram (disambiguation)
 Ramachandra (disambiguation)
 Ramchandra (disambiguation)
 Ramah (disambiguation)
 Raman (disambiguation)
 Ramana (disambiguation)
 Ramji (disambiguation)
 Ramu (disambiguation)
 Ramudu (disambiguation)
 Sriram (disambiguation)

Hindu given names
Sanskrit-language names
Indian given names
Telugu names
Indonesian given names
Filipino given names

Rama (disambiguation)


The University of Florida's (UF) online forensic science distance education programs cater to working professionals and students who have completed their Bachelor of Science degrees.

The program offers six areas of concentration, each as a certificate and/or master's degree. The faculty involved in these programs represent the fields of forensic science, toxicology, DNA & serology, drug chemistry, environmental forensics, death investigation, and veterinary forensics.

Each course within UF's program is conducted online and is made up of specific topic modules. Most modules contain course notes supplemented with images, animations, and case studies. Students are provided constant access to course modules, which are released over the duration of the UF semester.

Degree and certificate programs currently offered

UF currently offers four Master of Science (MS) programs, and six graduate certificates in forensic science.

Degree programs

 MS in Forensic Toxicology
 MS in Drug Chemistry
 MS in Forensic DNA & Serology
 MS in Forensic Science (with core courses and electives)

Certificate programs

 Environmental Forensics
 Forensic Death Investigation
 Forensic Toxicology
 Drug Chemistry
 Forensic DNA & Serology
 Veterinary Forensic Sciences

Certificate programs

Environmental Forensics
The graduate certificate in environmental forensics is offered by the UF College of Pharmacy. It offers courses in collaboration with the University of Canberra in Australia. The certificate is designed to give the environment law enforcement officer a background in the principles of contaminant analysis and transport in the environment with the ultimate aim of determining liability for pollution.

Forensic Death Investigation
The graduate certificate in death investigation is provided by the UF College of Pharmacy. This certificate provides courses in collaboration with UF's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences department of anthropology and the University of Edinburgh College of Medicine. It focuses on the investigation of crime and death using forensic pathology, anthropology, and DNA analysis. Modules in sexual offenses, drug health, forensic odontology, and wounds are also featured.

Forensic Toxicology, Drug Chemistry, and Forensic DNA & Serology
These graduate certificates are similar to the master's program concentrations offered by the university and are typically 15 credits of graduate coursework that can then be transferred toward the MS degree. These certificates provide students with foundations in various aspects of forensic science.

Veterinary Forensic Sciences
The University of Florida's Maples Center for Forensic Medicine offers a graduate certificate in veterinary forensic sciences.  This program consists of five courses at the MS level with a focus on the application of forensic science and medicine to veterinary medical sciences.  This program is in partnership with the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). It is the only program of its type in the United States. The program is unique for its application of forensic science and medicine to veterinary medicine and animal related crimes including animal cruelty cases.

Wildlife Forensic Sciences
The University of Florida's Maples Center for Forensic Medicine offers a graduate certificate in wildlife forensic sciences.  This program consists of three courses at the MS level with a focus on the application of forensic science and medicine to wildlife crime. It is the only program of its type in the United States. The program is unique for its application of forensic science and medicine to crime against wildlife including illegal trafficking and poaching.

Rankings and Recognitions

 The UF online forensic science program has over 700 graduates and students from 33 different countries who are either enrolled or have completed their master's degree.
 Program director Dr. Ian Tebbett, Ph.D., was awarded the Irving Award by ADEC in 2011 and the 2010 Outstanding Leadership Award by the U.S. Distance Learning Association.

About the University of Florida

 The University of Florida is the fourth largest academic institution in the US. It is accredited by both the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Association of American Universities (AAU).
 UF enrolls more than 6,500 distance students and has more than 330,000 alumni throughout the world.

See also

 University of Florida clinical toxicology distance education program
 University of Florida pharmaceutical chemistry distance education program

References

External links

University of Florida
Distance education institutions based in the United States
1999 establishments in Florida

University of Florida forensic science distance education program


Sellappuliyage Lucian Benedict Rosa (better known as SLB Rosa, born February 11, 1944) is a former Sri Lankan long-distance runner. He represented Sri Lanka at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich, Germany. He is best known for running barefooted and winning a 5000 metres and the 10,000 metres double at the 1970 Asian Games held in Bangkok, Thailand. His performance in 10,000 metres was also an Asian Games record.

At the Asian Games in Bangkok in 1966, he won the bronze medal in both 5000 metres and 10,000 metres. His personal best performance in the 10,000 metres, 29:18.0 minutes, still stands as the Sri Lankan national record since 1975.  Born in Kandy, Rosa started his athletic career at Roman Catholic School, Ampitiya. Later he joined the Army and continued to pursue athletics. He led the Sri Lankan team in the 1972 Olympics but could not compete in the 1976 edition due to Sri Lanka boycotting the Montreal Olympics. He was in Ceylon Olympic squad in 1968 but country sent only a three-man team, which did not include Lucian, to Mexico due to financial difficulties.

Rosa is a University of Wisconsin–Parkside Hall of Famer, and a men's cross-country and track coach from 1977-2007. Lucian Rosa Invitational is named after him.

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
People from Kandy
Sri Lankan male long-distance runners
Olympic athletes for Sri Lanka
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Asian Games gold medalists for Sri Lanka
Asian Games bronze medalists for Sri Lanka
Asian Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 Asian Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 Asian Games
Sri Lankan Roman Catholics
Medalists at the 1966 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games

Lucien Rosa


The Kamarupa Anusandhana Samiti (Assam Research Society) is the oldest Research institution in North-East India, which was established in the year 1912 at Kamakhya with a view to working in the field of antiquarian study and research, particularly on the subject of History, Archaeology, Anthropology, Culture etc. It was this society that started the Museum movement for the collection and preservation of antiquities culminating in the birth of the Assam State Museum in 1940.

Establishment
The historian Padmanath Bhattacharya Vidya Vinod mooted the idea of establishing an antiquarian society comprising the geographical territory of erstwhile Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa. This ancient kingdom included parts of present-day West Bengal and Bangladesh, besides Assam.

The concept attracted a group of enthusiasts trying to preserve materials related to art, history, literature and culture of the province. The idea crystallized at the Kamakhya conference of the Uttar Bangiya Sahitya Parishad in April, 1912. It was resolved to set up an organization to preserve and promote research on matters related to archaeology, ethnography, language, literature, history, and culture of the region that formed the ancient kingdom of Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa. The Kamarupa Anusandhana Samiti, which was also to be known by a secondary title, the Assam Research Society, was then formed.
A number of prominent personalities were associated with the samiti: Kanak Lal Barua, was the Founder President, Chandra Nath Sarma was the founder secretary, and patrons included Maharaja Jitendranarayan Bhup Bahadur of Cooch Behar, lieutenant-governor of Orissa and Bihar Edward Albert Gait, Commissioner of Assam Valley Lt Col P.R.T. Gordon, chief commissioner of Assam Sir Archdale Earle, Raja Prabhat Chandra Barooah Bahadur of Gauripur, and many other scholars.

Early works
The samiti started its work with a missionary zeal and began to collect inscriptions, puthis, ethnographical objects, relics, and manuscripts from the Pragjyotisha-Kamarupa region. The preservation of these collections necessitated the construction of a building. When all early efforts to persuade the government to immediately establish a museum to store these objects failed, the samiti decided to construct its own building. The estimated cost of construction, ₹ 20,000, was raised with contributions from various donors, the principal contributor being Raibahadur Naupat Rai Kedia of Dibrugarh. When Lt Col P.R.T. Gordon, then the commissioner of the Assam Valley and honorary provincial director of Ethnography, Assam formally inaugurated the samiti's building on November 19, 1917.
The samiti's activities attracted the attention of Indologists throughout eastern India. A branch of the Kamarupa Anusandhana Samiti was established at Rangpur (now in Bangladesh) with Babu Surendra Chandra Roychoudhury as its secretary. The Asiatic Society of Calcutta organized exhibitions of the samiti's collections and kept a close link with it until 1950. Assam did not have any museum until 1940, but the purpose of a museum was being served by Kamarupa Anusandhana Samiti.

Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti retains its exclusive identity and continues its activities from the same old Assam-type building which is situated on the western bank of Dighlipukhri in the centre of Guwahati.

See also
 Prachin Kamrupi Nritya Sangha
 Kamrup
 Kamrupi

References

Kamarupa (former kingdom)
History institutes
Research institutes in Assam
Historiography of India
History organisations based in India
1912 establishments in India
Research institutes established in 1912

Kamarupa Anusandhan Samiti


Crystal Field Theory (CFT) is a scientific representation of how metals behave when dissolved in water to form a special type of chemical called a complex. This model may be used to predict the colors of certain metal containing chemicals when dissolved in water, as well as their reactions when placed near a magnet. It may also be use to predict the shape of the chemicals. CFT  does not predict the connections between atoms. CFT  was created by physicists Hans Bethe and John Hasbrouck van Vleck in 1930. It was later combined with the molecular orbital theory to create the ligand field theory, which does describe the connections between atoms.

References

Chemical bonding
Transition metals

Crystal field theory


Allister Carter (born 25 July 1979) is an English professional snooker player. He has twice been a World Championship finalist, in 2008 and 2012, losing both finals to Ronnie O'Sullivan. He has won five ranking titles and briefly reached number two in the world rankings in 2010. His nickname, "The Captain", comes from his hobby of piloting aeroplanes.

Career
Carter turned professional in 1996. He first emerged in 1999, winning the WPBSA Young Player of the Year award after winning the Benson and Hedges Championship in 1999 – this earned him a wild card place in the Masters. He also reached the semi-finals of the 1999 Grand Prix. It was eight years before he reached another ranking semi-final, the 2007 Malta Cup.

He was close to the elite top 16 for three successive seasons ranking as 17, 19, and 19 through 2003–04, 2004–05 and 2005–06, respectively, before reaching it in the 2006–07 season and remaining there in 2008.

He reached the last 16 (second round) of the World Championship in 2005, after scoring the first 10–0 victory in the event since 1993 against 1993 semi-finalist James Wattana in qualifying. At the 2007 World Championship he beat Andy Hicks in the first round, 10–4, before beating World No. 1 and seven-time champion Stephen Hendry 13–6 to reach his first World Championship quarter-final and guarantee a place in the Top-16. Carter now has a 5–4 record against Hendry; conversely, he has only beaten Ronnie O'Sullivan in the 2nd round of the 2018 World Snooker Championship 13–9, having lost 16 of the last 17 encounters.

Carter has at times missed out on opportunities from winning positions, an extreme example being in the first round of the 2007 UK Championship, when Carter led Barry Hawkins 8–3 before Hawkins won the next six frames to win 9–8. However, Carter got his own back on Hawkins during the 2008 World Championship by beating him 10–9 in a 'controversial' finale. Hawkins had levelled the match to 9–9, when the players were pulled out of the arena to allow the evening matches to begin. They returned after one of the evening's two matches had been completed – on a table they had not previously played on. Hawkins felt this break interrupted his momentum, handing the match to Carter. He followed this by defeating two former champions in succession; provisional World Number 1 Shaun Murphy 13–4 in the second round and then 2002 winner Peter Ebdon 13–9 in the quarter-final. In the semi-final on 4 May 2008 he beat Joe Perry 17–15 to book a place against Ronnie O'Sullivan in the final. Carter lost the final 8–18.

Carter scored his first 147 break on 29 April at the 2008 World Championship, one day after Ronnie O'Sullivan had made one in the same tournament. This made Carter the sixth man to achieve this feat at the Crucible (the eighth made there, as O'Sullivan had previously achieved it three times), and the first to have done so without previously winning a tournament. It is the first time two 147s have been made in the same event.

Carter soon showed signs of carrying this form forward in subsequent events. He won his second non-ranking tournament, the Huangshan Cup in China, with a 5–3 win over the reigning Grand Prix champion Marco Fu. In the 2008/09 season Carter reached the semi-final stage on three occasions. He progressed to the semi-finals of the 2008–09 season's first ranking event, the 2008 Northern Ireland Trophy before losing 5–6 to O'Sullivan having led 5–4. He reached the same stage of the Grand Prix, defeating veterans Steve Davis and John Parrott before losing to Ryan Day, again 5–6 The third occasion was the UK Championship where wins over Peter Ebdon and Mark Williams were followed by a close 9–7 defeat to the man he was victorious against in the Huangshan Cup final in China, Marco Fu. After thirteen years as a professional, Carter defeated the likes of Jimmy White, Graeme Dott, Shaun Murphy, Anthony Hamilton, and Joe Swail to finally win his first ranking tournament – the 2009 Welsh Open.

Carter made a slow start to the 2009–10 season, losing 0–5 to Liang Wenbo in the last 16 of the Shanghai Masters and losing in the first round at the Grand Prix, before reaching the quarter-finals of the UK Championship. As the defending champion at the Welsh Open he progressed to the final but was beaten by John Higgins, the reigning world champion at the time. He finished the season strongly by reaching the semi-finals at the China Open and the World Championship, losing in the latter to eventual champion, Neil Robertson, by 12–17. Of the six ranking tournaments that were staged during the 2009/2010 season, Carter's campaigns were ended by the eventual champion on four occasions, and on another by the runner-up.  Carter finished the season by moving up to a career high position of 4th in the world rankings.

Carter won the 2010 Shanghai Masters. Carter had to recover from 1–4 down in the quarter-final to defeat Matthew Stevens 5–4, Stevens missing the final black off its spot in the deciding frame. He then won six frames in a row from 0–2 down to beat Mark Selby 6–2, and edged past qualifier Jamie Burnett 10–7 in the final. The following events were not very successful for Ali Carter, as he was eliminated in the last 32 of the World Open by Mark Williams 1–3, he suffered an early exit against the young talent Mark Joyce in the first round of the UK Championship by 6–9 and also lost his first round match of the 2011 Masters against Peter Ebdon by 5–6.

2011/2012 season
Carter's 2011–12 season got off to a poor start as he exited the first two ranking events of the year, the Australian Goldfields Open and the Shanghai Masters, in the first round. At the UK Championships he defeated Robert Milkins, but then lost 2–6 to Mark Allen in the last 16. After the match Carter stated on Twitter: "I'm going to retire at the end of the season! And I can't wait!" and that he was "dead serious" about the threat. Later on he admitted the comments were made "in the heat of the moment" but that he did have some "serious thinking to do at the end of the season". He lost in the first round in the Masters and the next two ranking events, and then withdrew from the World Open in China for medical reasons. Although he reached the quarter-finals of the China Open with wins over Dominic Dale and Lu Ning before losing 2–5 to Ding Junhui, Carter found himself out of the world's top 16 for the first time since 2005.

Before the start of the World Championship Carter stated that his future in the game depended on his health, as his ten-year battle with Crohn's disease continued. Three weeks before the start of the event he began cutting out dairy and wheat from his diet. This looked to have an effect on the snooker table too as he raced into an 8–1 lead over Mark Davis in the opening session of the first round, before returning to close out the match 10–2. He played world number 2 Judd Trump in the second round and from 9–12 behind, produced a superb fightback to record the result of his season to take the match 13–12 and reach the quarter-finals. He defeated impressive debutant Jamie Jones 13–11 in the last eight to book a semi-final with Stephen Maguire. He won this match by a 17–12 scoreline to play in a repeat of the 2008 final against Ronnie O'Sullivan. He lost 11–18, meaning he has now not beaten O'Sullivan in any of their 12 ranking event matches. Despite reaching the final, Carter finished the season ranked world number 17, meaning he had dropped 11 places during the year.

2012/2013 season
Carter began the season in less than auspicious form as he lost in the first round of both the Wuxi Classic and Australian Goldfields Open. He won his first match in a ranking event of the season by beating Robert Milkins 5–4 in the Shanghai Masters and then whitewashed Stephen Maguire 5–0 to advance to the quarter-finals. He played John Higgins and at 1–4 down threatened a comeback by winning two frames, but lost the next to exit the tournament, losing 3–5. A first round defeat in the International Championship followed before he saw off Steve Davis and Mark Joyce in the UK Championship both by 6–2 scorelines and Stuart Bingham 6–4 to make the semi-finals for the first time since 2008. Carter was the victim of a stunning fightback against Shaun Murphy in the semi-finals as he led 8–4 but Murphy levelled at 8–8 and when Carter broke down on a break of 32 in the deciding frame, Murphy stepped in to win 9–8. Carter was beaten 3–6 by Higgins in the first round of the Masters.

Carter scored comfortable victories over Fraser Patrick, Anthony Hamilton and Michael Holt at the German Masters and then took advantage of a poor performance from Neil Robertson to reach the final, where he played Marco Fu. Carter came back from 3–5 down to win 9–6 to secure the third ranking event title of his career. Fu gained revenge in the PTC Finals by beating Carter 4–1 in the second round, before Carter reached the final of the non-televised Championship League but lost 2–3 to Martin Gould. He was edged out 4–5 in the second round of the China Open by Mark Williams. At the World Championship Carter won seven frames in a row to see off Ben Woollaston 10–4 in the first round, and came back from 1–5 in the last 16 against Ronnie O'Sullivan to level at 7–7, before O'Sullivan stepped up a gear to knock out Carter 13–8. He ended the season ranked world number 16.

2013/2014 season
Carter won through to the third round of the Wuxi Classic, before being edged out 5–4 by David Morris in the last 16. After his first round loss to Mark Davis in the Shanghai Masters, Carter was forced to withdraw from the next two ranking events due to health problems documented below. He returned for the UK Championship and dropped just one frame in his opening two matches, before losing 3–6 to Graeme Dott. Carter dropped out of the top 16 in the world rankings during the year to miss out on playing in the Masters for the first time since 2006, but reached his first semi-final in a ranking event in over a year at the China Open, losing 2–6 to Neil Robertson. Carter was beaten 13–9 by Mark Selby in the second round of the World Championship and bemoaned his opponent's negative playing style, saying that he was the only one trying to make things happen during the game.

2014/2015 season
Carter missed the start of the 2014–15 season due to receiving treatment for a recurrence of testicular cancer metastasising to his lung. He returned in October at the non-ranking General Cup and won the title by defeating Shaun Murphy 7–6 in the final. In October, World Snooker and the WPBSA announced that Carter's seeding for the remainder of the 2014–15 season would be based on a world ranking of 13. His first match back in a ranking event was a 5–6 loss to Zhang Anda in the opening round of the UK Championship. Carter received a standing ovation at the Masters and beat Barry Hawkins 6–1, before Neil Robertson defeated him by a reversal of this scoreline in the quarter-finals. Afterwards Carter said he was nowhere near match sharp and was targeting the World Championship as the place to rediscover his best form. He won his first matches at the venue stage of a ranking event this year at the Welsh Open with victories over Fraser Patrick, Mark King and Matthew Selt, before losing 2–4 to Ben Woollaston in the last 16 and was knocked out in the first round of the China Open 5–4 by Kurt Maflin.

Carter had a comprehensive 10–5 win over Alan McManus in the first round of the World Championship which began with a 127 break, before once again losing to Robertson in the next round, this time 5–13. Carter's ranking was now no longer frozen and with him dropping down to world number 29 he set a goal to reclaim his top 16 ranking next season.

2015/2016 season

Carter won the Paul Hunter Classic by defeating Shaun Murphy 4–3 in the final with a 95 break in the deciding frame, after a spirited fightback from Murphy to level it from 1–3 down. It was Carter's maiden European Tour title and his first ranking title since beating cancer. The win was especially fitting as the player it was named after, Paul Hunter, died of cancer in 2006. Carter lost 2–6 in the third round of the UK Championship to John Higgins. At the World Grand Prix he beat Luca Brecel 4–1 and Tom Ford 4–0 to reach his first ranking event quarter-final of the season, but lost 1–4 to Joe Perry. Another followed at the PTC Finals courtesy of knocking out Graeme Dott and Judd Trump both 4–1. In the quarters Ricky Walden eliminated him 4–1. Carter came through a trio of matches to qualify for the World Championship and held his nerve after leading defending champion Stuart Bingham 5–1 and 8–5 to beat him 10–9. Carter took a 9–7 advantage over Alan McManus after the second session of their second round match, but went on to lose 11–13.

2016/2017 season
Carter whitewashed John Higgins 5–0 in the quarter-finals of the World Open and swept past Thepchaiya Un-Nooh 6–1 to play Joe Perry in the final. Carter completed a 10–8 win to take his fourth ranking title and first since 2013, as well as regaining his place in the elite top 16. At the Shanghai Masters he lost 1–5 in the quarter-finals to Stuart Bingham. Carter reached the final of the German Masters by seeing off Martin Gould 6–2 and led Anthony Hamilton 5–2. However, he then lost seven of the next eight frames to be defeated 6–9. Carter beat Shaun Murphy 5–4 and Neil Robertson 5–3 at the Players Championship and then was defeated 4–6 by Judd Trump in the semi-finals. He lost 7–10 to Graeme Dott in the first round of the World Championship.

2017/2018 season
Carter was a consistent performer in the 2017/18 season. He began the season by reaching the semi-final of the China Championship, losing 6–4 to Shaun Murphy. He also reached the quarter-final of the International Championship after beating Jamie Barrett, Andrew Higginson, Stephen Maguire, and Shaun Murphy. In the quarter-final, Carter forced a decider after trailing 5–3 to Martin Gould, but eventually lost 6–5. At the World Snooker Championship, Ali Carter advanced to the quarter-final after beating Graeme Dott and Ronnie O'Sullivan. He eventually lost 13–8 to Mark Williams.

2018/2019 season
In October, Carter reached the quarter-final of the English Open after wins over Rory McLeod, Luca Brecel, Matthew Selt, and Daniel Wells, before losing 5–2 to Stuart Bingham. He then reached another quarter final of a ranking event, this time at the International Championship, but was whitewashed by Mark Allen 6–0. The best result of the season for Carter came in the World Grand Prix in February. He defeated Martin O'Donnell, Mark Allen, David Gilbert, and Xiao Guodong to reach the final, but eventually lost 10–6 to Judd Trump.

2019/2020 season
Carter took part in the 2020 Dafabet Masters, despite being ranked 17th, as a result of Ronnie O'Sullivan not wishing to compete. He reached the final for the first time in his career, his opponent was Stuart Bingham. Carter trailed 3–5 at the end of the first session, but then won the first four frames in the second session to take a lead of 7–5. Bingham responded well though and took the next four frames to be one frame away from victory, then eventually won 10–8. Immediately after the Masters, Carter also reached the semi-final of the European Masters, but lost 6–1 to Neil Robertson.

Personal life
In 2003, Carter was diagnosed with Crohn's disease. He has partly controlled this by limiting dairy and wheat/gluten in his diet.

On 1 July 2013, it was announced that Carter had been diagnosed with testicular cancer. He had surgery a day later and was advised to rest for a month. On 19 July 2013, he announced on his Twitter page that he had received the all-clear and would resume his career at the Shanghai Masters in September. He stated in April 2014 that he would have chosen to take six months to a year away from snooker, but this had not been possible due to his need to regain his place in the top 16 of the world rankings. A month later, World Snooker announced that Carter had been diagnosed with cancer in his lung and would be taking a break from the sport to receive a course of intensive chemotherapy. In August 2014, he successfully completed treatment for this secondary tumour (metastatic recurrence of the testicular cancer), including surgery, and returned to the World Snooker Tour in October at the General Cup, which he won.

Carter practised at Chelmsford's Rivermead Snooker Club before buying the club and becoming the new owner. He also has a keen interest in flying and has a pilot's licence.

His first child, with his ex-partner Sarah, a son named Max, was born in 2009. He also has a child named Olivia with his ex-partner, Stella English, who was the winner of Series Six of The Apprentice in 2010.

Performance and rankings timeline

Career finals

Ranking finals: 13 (5 titles)
{| width=100%
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Minor-ranking finals: 1 (1 title)

Non-ranking finals: 9 (3 titles)

See also
 List of people diagnosed with Crohn's disease

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
English snooker players
Sportspeople from Colchester
Sportspeople from Chelmsford
World Games silver medalists
Competitors at the 2017 World Games
People with Crohn's disease

Ali Carter


Stuart Stanton Stryker (October 30, 1924 – March 24, 1945) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions in World War II.

The Stryker combat vehicle is partially named after Stryker.

Biography
Born on October 30, 1924, in Portland, Oregon, Stryker enlisted in the Army in that city in July 1943. He served in Europe and became a private first class in Company E of the 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 17th Airborne Division.

During Operation Varsity on March 24, 1945, Stryker's company attacked a strongly defended building near Wesel, Germany. When a platoon tasked with making a frontal assault became pinned down by intense fire, Stryker voluntarily ran to the head of the unit, called for the soldiers to follow him, and charged the German position. He was killed by hostile fire  from the building. His attack provided a diversion which allowed other elements of Company E to take the position, capturing over 200 soldiers and freeing three American airmen held as prisoners by the Germans. For these actions, Stryker was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor nine months later, on December 11, 1945. He was one of three people to earn the medal during Operation Varsity, the others being Private First Class George J. Peters and Technical Sergeant Clinton Hedrick.

Aged 20 at his death, Stryker was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery in San Bruno, California. In 2002, the U.S. Army named its new armored fighting vehicle "Stryker" in honor of both Stuart Stryker and fellow Medal of Honor recipient Robert F. Stryker. (no relation)

Medal of Honor citation

Stryker's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
He was a platoon runner, when the unit assembled near Wesel, Germany after a descent east of the Rhine. Attacking along a railroad, Company E reached a point about 250 yards from a large building used as an enemy headquarters and manned by a powerful force of Germans with rifles, machineguns, and 4 field pieces. One platoon made a frontal assault but was pinned down by intense fire from the house after advancing only 50 yards. So badly stricken that it could not return the raking fire, the platoon was at the mercy of German machine gunners when Pfc. Stryker voluntarily left a place of comparative safety, and, armed with a carbine, ran to the head of the unit. In full view of the enemy and under constant fire, he exhorted the men to get to their feet and follow him. Inspired by his fearlessness, they rushed after him in a desperate charge through an increased hail of bullets. Twenty-five yards from the objective the heroic soldier was killed by the enemy fusillades. His gallant and wholly voluntary action in the face of overwhelming firepower, however, so encouraged his comrades and diverted the enemy's attention that other elements of the company were able to surround the house, capturing more than 200 hostile soldiers and much equipment, besides freeing 3 members of an American bomber crew held prisoner there. The intrepidity and unhesitating self-sacrifice of Pfc. Stryker were in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service.

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 George J. Peters awarded the Medal of Honor for an action during the same operation, on the same day
 Frederick George Topham awarded the Victoria Cross for an action during the same operation,on the same day

References

1924 births
1945 deaths
Burials at Golden Gate National Cemetery
Military personnel from Portland, Oregon
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel killed in World War II
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor

Stuart S. Stryker


The Kombu (Tamil:கொம்பு, Malayalam: കൊമ്പ്) or Kompu also known as the Kombu Pattu is a wind instrument (a kind of Natural Horn) in Tamil nadu and Kerala. Usually played along with Panchavadyam, Pandi Melam, Panchari melam etc. This musical instrument is usually seen in south India. The instrument is like a long horn (Kombu in Tamil and Malayalam).

In ancient days kombu played during war along with Murasu.

History
Listed one of the Musical instruments used by ancient Tamil people out in Tirumurai dated 6th to 11th century, Sangam Period.

வெல் படைத் தறுகண் வெஞ்சொல் வேட்டுவர் கூட்டம் தோறும்
சில்லரித் துடியும் கொம்பும் சிறு கண் ஆகுளியும் கூடி
கல் எனும் ஒலியின் மேலும் கறங்கிசை அருவி எங்கும் 12.0654

In recent research found that the kombu resembles trumpets being used in ancient Ireland and felt this was evidence of a link between peoples in  South India and those in Ireland, 2000 years ago.

Description
Modern kombu made out of bronze either in 'C' shape or 'S' shape.

Usage
It is one of the few instrumental temple art forms in which the melody instruments dominate. Even this is only partly true, as the C-shaped trumpet, the kombu is regarded as a rhythm instrument by its players, with the function of embellishing the beats of the drums. The kombu can only produce three notes (sa, pa, and higher sa). The genre is played by a group of kombu players (3, 5, 7, or 9), led by the kombu leader. Within a given tala (rhythmic cycle), the leader improvises kombu patterns on the spot to be repeated by the chorus players.

Kumath Raman Nair (2001), the most famous solo kombu artist from Trichur, states that kombu pattu can be played in six talams (beats in brackets): chempata  (8), atanta (14), dhruvam (14), chempha (10), anchatantha (16), and thriputa (7). Each cycle is accented with the accompanying ilatalam cymbals. For instance, thriputa talam  is played x . x . . x . x . x . x . . (broken down to 14 pulses for diagrammatic presentation), and chempata x . x . x . u .  (represented as eight pulses; 'u' indicates a silent beat). Like the other kshetram genres, kombu pattu is played in a steadily increasing tempo with decreasing rhythm units.

From: Killius, Rolf. 2006 'Ritual Music and Hindu Rituals of Kerala.' New Delhi: BR Rhythms. ; with author permission

See also
 Panchari melam
 Panchavadyam
 Parai
 Sringa

References

Brass instruments
Indian musical instruments
Kerala music
Tamil music
Tamil Nadu
Tamil culture

Kombu (instrument)


Daphne, Op. 82, is an opera in one act by Richard Strauss, subtitled "Bucolic Tragedy in One Act". The German libretto was by Joseph Gregor. The opera is based loosely on the mythological figure Daphne from Ovid's Metamorphoses and includes elements taken from The Bacchae by Euripides.

Performance history

The first performance of the opera took place at the Semperoper in Dresden on 15 October 1938.  It was originally intended as a double bill with Strauss' Friedenstag, but as the scale of Daphne grew, that idea was abandoned. The conductor of the first performance was Karl Böhm, to whom the opera was dedicated.
The United States premiere of the opera was performed on October 10, 1960 in a concert version at Town Hall in Manhattan with Gloria Davy in the title role, Florence Kopleff as Gaea, Robert Nagy as Leukippos,  Jon Crain as Apollo, Lawrence Davidson as Peneios, and The Little Orchestra Society under conductor Thomas Scherman.

Roles

Synopsis
The chaste girl Daphne sings a hymn of praise to nature. She loves the sunlight as trees and flowers do, but she has no interest in human romance. She cannot return the love of her childhood friend Leukippos, and she refuses to put on the ceremonial clothes for the coming festival of Dionysos, leaving Leukippos with the dress she has rejected.

Daphne's father Peneios tells his friends he is certain that the gods will soon return among men. He advises preparing a feast to welcome Apollo. Just then a mysterious herdsman appears. Peneios sends for Daphne to care for the visitor.

The strange herdsman tells Daphne that he has watched her from his chariot, and repeats to her phrases from the hymn to nature she sang earlier. He promises her that she need never be parted from the sun, and she accepts his embrace. But when he begins to speak of love she becomes fearful and runs out.

At the festival of Dionysos, Leukippos is among the women wearing Daphne's dress, and he invites her to dance. Believing him to be a woman she agrees, but the strange herdsman stops the dance with a thunderclap and says she has been deceived. Daphne answers that both Leukippos and the stranger are in disguise, and the stranger reveals himself as the sun-god Apollo. Daphne refuses both her suitors, and Apollo pierces Leukippos with an arrow.

Daphne mourns with the dying Leukippos. Apollo is filled with regret. He asks Zeus to give Daphne new life in the form of one of the trees she loves. Daphne is transformed, and she rejoices in her union with nature. This transformation scene, the metamorphosis, is opulently silvery in the string section.

Recordings

References
Notes

Sources
Kennedy, Michael, in Holden, Amanda (ed.) (2001), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam.

External links
BBC Opera guide: Daphne.
Daphne, roles, synopsis, German libretto (opera-guide.ch)

Operas by Richard Strauss
German-language operas
Operas
One-act operas
1938 operas
Operas based on Metamorphoses
Operas based on works by Euripides
Works based on The Bacchae

Daphne (opera)


The 1943 RAF Hudson crash was an aerial accident that killed two people. The aircraft crashed in a forced landing attempt near RAF St Eval, Cornwall, England, following engine failure.

Aircraft
FH168 was a Lockheed Hudson IIIA (a lend-lease A-29-LO serial no 41-36969 and c/n 414-6458), operated by No. 38 Wing RAF, based at RAF Netheravon. On 19 May 1943, it was en route from RAF St Eval to RAF Gibraltar when it crashed and burned  south of St. Eval. The aircraft was unable to maintain height due to one engine failing, and the load it was carrying.

Casualties
Air Commodore Sir Nigel Norman, on his way to the Middle East for an Airborne Forces Planning Conference, died as a result of the crash. The only other airman killed in the crash was Pilot Officer (Obs) Arthur Rotenberg, who is buried in St Columb Major Cemetery.

Rescue
The surviving crew and passengers were rescued by two nearby farm workers – William Richards and Eddie Thomas – and a nearby member of the Royal Observer Corps, George Gregory. In 1945, Gregory was awarded the British Empire Medal for his brave actions during the rescue of the crew.

References

Further reading

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1943
Aviation accidents and incidents in England
Accidents and incidents involving Royal Air Force aircraft
1943 in England
1943 disasters in the United Kingdom
May 1943 events in the United Kingdom

1943 RAF Hudson crash


George Matthew Karlaftis III (; ; born 3 April 2001) is a Greek professional American football defensive end for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Athens and grew up as a multi-sport athlete playing football, track and field, basketball, and water polo, the latter of which he played with the Greek national team.

Karlaftis and his family moved to the United States when he was 13. He played college football at Purdue, where he won all-Big Ten honors before being drafted by the Chiefs in the first round of the 2022 NFL Draft. In his debut season, Karlaftis was part of the Chiefs winning Super Bowl LVII roster and was a regular starter.

Early years
Karlaftis was born in Athens, Greece. His father Μathiós "Matthew" Karlaftis grew up as an all-around athlete in Greece and later earned a degree in civil engineering at the University of Miami before pursuing a doctorate at Purdue University. His mother Amy, who had grown up near Purdue in West Lafayette, Indiana, met Matthew while she was a freshman. After marrying, they settled in Athens. While Amy spoke English to the couple's four children at home, they were otherwise brought up in Greek culture.

In his early years in Athens, he played water polo as a goalkeeper in the youth ranks of Panathinaikos, the Greek team of which he is also an avid supporter.

Matthew died of a heart attack in 2014 while on the island of Kos where he was to deliver a speech at an engineering conference there. Following his death, Amy and her children moved back to West Lafayette, where George Karlaftis began attending West Lafayette High School. He was enlisted in the school's football team and had 41 sacks during his high school career. He also competed in track and field for the school, including winning back-to-back state championships in shot put. He played in the 2019 U.S. Army All-American Game, where he was named the Defensive Player of the Year. He graduated early from high school and enrolled at Purdue in January 2019.

College career
As a true freshman at Purdue in 2019, Karlaftis started all 12 games, recording 54 tackles and 7.5 sacks. He only played in three games as a sophomore in 2020 due to a positive COVID-19 result, finishing the year with four tackles and two sacks. Karlaftis declared for the 2022 NFL Draft following the 2021 season in which he recorded 4.5 sacks.

Professional career

Karlaftis was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the first round (30th overall) of the 2022 NFL Draft. Karlaftis ended his rookie season with 33 tackles, six sacks, and two fumble recoveries. The Chiefs reached Super Bowl LVII, where they defeated the Philadelphia Eagles 38–35, with Karlaftis recording two tackles in the game.

NFL career statistics

Personal life
Karlaftis was once a youth member of the Greece men's national water polo team. His father, Matthew, was a javelin thrower for the University of Miami's track and field team and also tried playing on their football team before suffering a severe skull injury during his first practice with them. His brother, Yanni, won a youth world championship in judo at 11 and joined the Boilermakers as an outside linebacker in 2021.

Karlaftis is a Christian.

References

External links
 Kansas City Chiefs bio
Purdue Boilermakers bio

2001 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Athens
People from West Lafayette, Indiana
Players of American football from Indiana
American football defensive ends
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Greek male water polo players
Greek players of American football
Greek male shot putters
Track and field athletes from Indiana
All-American college football players
Kansas City Chiefs players

George Karlaftis


"Watching and Waiting" is a 1969 single by the progressive rock band the Moody Blues, and was written by band members Justin Hayward and Ray Thomas.

Release
The song was first released as a single in October 1969, and was later released in November 1969 on the album To Our Children's Children's Children.

Interviewed in 2014, the song's vocalist Justin Hayward said:
I think To Our Children's Children's Children [1969] is the one Moodies album that didn't come across on the radio. It didn't jump; it was soft, it was quiet. Everybody was so delicate with it and handling it with kid gloves. The way it was mastered was quiet, and the way it was transferred to disc was delicate. In the end, it ended up getting a little lost. Watching and Waiting — when we heard that song in its studio beauty, we thought, "This is it! All of those people who had been saying to us for the past 3 or 4 years, "You'll probably just do another Nights in White Satin with it" — no! We had shivers up the spine, and that kind of stuff. But when it came out and you heard it on the radio, you kept saying, "Turn it up! Turn it up!! Oh no, it's not going to make it." So it didn't happen.

Personnel
 Justin Hayward – vocals, acoustic guitar
 Mike Pinder – Mellotron, piano
 Ray Thomas – flute
 John Lodge – double bass
 Graeme Edge – drums, percussion

References

1969 singles
The Moody Blues songs
Songs written by Justin Hayward
Songs written by Ray Thomas
1969 songs

Watching and Waiting


Bouzyges is a culture hero from Greek mythology, credited with the invention of many agricultural practices; most notably, he was the first man to yoke oxen to a plough and introduced cultivation to Athens. He has been associated with Epimenides.

The name was also used by an order of priests associated with the Eleusinian Mysteries; these priests, collectively known as the Bouzygai, were also the priests of Zeus at the Palladium. They also served as priests elsewhere such as Ilissus. The Bouzygai could also refer to the clan that claimed descent from Bouzyges. An annual festival was celebrated in his honor at the foot of the Acropolis and this was presided by a member of such family.  It is said that Pericles may have been one of the Bouzygai. However, some scholars disputed this, suggesting that this clan is an inferior counterpart of the Athenian statesman.
.

References

Characters in Greek mythology

Bouzyges


Americana is the thirteenth studio album by ARIA Award-winning Australian musician, Diesel. The album was released on 1 July 2016. Upon announcement of the album, Liberation Records said the album is a contemporary piece that "incorporates elements of American roots music styles".

On July 1, Diesel announced the 10-date Americana tour to commence in September 2016.

Background and release
In September 2015, Diesel announced his Pieces of Americana tour. Diesel was born in America and raised in Australia and wanted to pay tribute to the artists that influenced his own musical journey by covering classic songs. "It's such a broad term, 'Americana' – it means different things to different people," he said. The tour commenced in February 2016 and went until March 2016. Additional dates were subsequently added and it continued until June 2016.

On 17 December 2015, he announced "Americana recording sessions have now commenced" and on 26 April 2016, the album Americana was announced along with two promotional songs available for download, "Here Comes My Girl" and "Queen Jane Approximately".

Reviews

Daniel Patrin from Renowned for Sound said; "Diesel lets the recordings on Americana speak for themselves, offering a nostalgia-laced and respectable record filled with his own panache and aural integrity. It's by utilising his musical career experience how Diesel can prove with little persuasion, his success in delivering a brilliant tribute record – climactically fusing his Australian musical spirit with his shining American pride."

Mark Bereford from The Music said "Given the musical style of Diesel and the universal adoration for many of the original songs filling Americana, it's a surprise to see it fall.". He did complement the track "Rag Mama Rag".

Michael Dywer of Rolling Stone Australia saw how the concept of "Americana" must mean something else to an American born, Australian raised musician and praised the recasting principle of song genres.

Track listing
 "Intro...Hank's Dream" [instrumental] (Diesel) – 1:37
 "Ring of Fire" (June Carter Cash, Merle Kilgore) – 3:11
 "Rave On" (Sonny West, Bill Tilghman, Norman Petty)– 2:30
 "Circle Game" (Joni Mitchell) – 4:01
 "Rag Mama Rag" (Robbie Robertson) – 2:48
 "Queen Jane Approximately" (Bob Dylan) – 4:11
 "Fire and Rain" (James Taylor) – 4:18
 "Born to Run" (Bruce Springsteen) – 4:31
 "Here Comes My Girl" (Tom Petty, Mike Campbell) – 4:14
 "Angel from Montgomery" (John Prine) – 4:00
 "Don't Let It Bring You Down" (Neil Young) – 3:12
 "Scarlet Ribbons" (Evelyn Danzig, Jack Segal) – 2:49
 "Born on the Bayou" (John Fogerty) – 4:02

Charts

Release history

References

2016 albums
Diesel (musician) albums
Liberation Records albums
Covers albums

Americana (Diesel album)


Slighting is the deliberate damage of an important building. In the Middle Ages, castles were slighted during war. Rich and powerful people built and owned castles, and were proud of them. A king or queen could use slighting as a way to punish people who rebelled against them. Sometimes the owner feared they would lose the castle in an attack, and broke parts of the castle so that it would not be useful to other people. Occasionally, a king or queen might order someone to dismantle their own castle if they did not get permission to build it.

Castles were sometimes repaired after they were slighted, while others were abandoned. Many famous castles like Corfe or Kenilworth are ruins because they were slighted during the English Civil War.

Fortification

Slighting