Federico Hernández Denton (born April 12, 1944 in Santurce, Puerto Rico) was the 15th chief justice of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico.

Biography

Hernández Denton received a Bachelor of Arts from Harvard College in 1966 and a Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1969.

After being admitted to practice law in Puerto Rico, he began a career in public service, serving as general counsel to the president of the University of Puerto Rico, as well as occupying various faculty and administrative positions in the university's school of business. From 1973 to 1977 he served as secretary of the Puerto Rico Department of Consumer Affairs of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Before being nominated to the Supreme Court, Chief Justice Hernández Denton served on the governing boards of the Puerto Rico Bar Association, the Puerto Rico Legal Services Corporation and the San Juan Community Legal Services Corporation. From 1977 to 1985 he was a professor at the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico School of Law, where he was also director of the Legal Aid Clinic and served as dean from 1984 to 1985. He is also the author of numerous articles that have been published in various law reviews and journals.

Hernández Denton was appointed associate justice of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court in 1985 by Puerto Rico Governor Rafael Hernández Colón, a position he held until being sworn in as chief justice on August 9, 2004, after being nominated by Governor Sila M. Calderón  and confirmed by the Puerto Rico Senate.

Chief Justice Hernández Denton is the chairperson of the Board of Bar Examiners of Puerto Rico and the president of the Commission of Judicial Evaluation. As chief justice, he presided the Constitutional Board that was responsible for redistricting the Puerto Rico Senate and House of Representatives in light of the 2010 Census results.

In 2007, he was elected to the board of the Conference of Chief Justices. Chief Justice Hernández Denton is also a member of the American Bar Association, the Iberoamerican Summit of Chief Justices and of the Conference of Constitutional Courts of Latin America and Spain, and an elected member of the American Law Institute.  He recently received a Doctor of Law Honoris Causa from the Roger Williams University School of Law in Bristol, Rhode Island.

His tenure in the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico ended with his retirement on April 12, 2014, his 70th birthday.

See also
List of Hispanic and Latino American jurists
List of Puerto Ricans

External links

 Hernández Denton biography at the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico website  – in Spanish.

1944 births
Living people
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Hispanic and Latino American judges
Deans of law schools in the United States
People from Santurce, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican judges
Secretaries of Consumer Affairs of Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico faculty

Federico Hernández Denton


Chief Dr Edet Amana (dem bon am for December 11, 1938) na Naijá enjinia.

Tori of e laif an skul wey e go
Na December 11, 1938 dey bon Edet James Amana for Akwa Ibom Stet for Naijá. E go Methodist College, Uzuakoli an king's College, Lagos. E go Imperial College London (1961-1966) wey im get fest klass digree for Civil Engineering an na e bi ovarall best graduatin student. Edet wok for British Firm of Consulting Engineers. Wen e kom bak to Naijá e wok as Service Engineer for Shell-BP (1968-1972).

How e tek wok
Edet fom Amana Consulting Engineers in 1972.
For Ova 15 years di kompini dey du di disign and implementation of projects of abaut $2bn. Di engineering services division held services for A.W. Chesterton of Boston, Mass and Hewlett Packard (1982). For 1981 dem kolabo with Earth Technology Corporation of California for geotechnical and geophysical surveying and mapping. Anoda venture wey involve Israeli cover architectural planning. Di kompini kolet 30 enjinias  an 10 experts to wok for dem.Fom 1980, di grup bigin dey divelop robas farms and dey don establish one roba makin kompini. Di grup also dey into Insurance brokerage an tradin for di oil indostri. Dem stil get hand  for banking, poblishin an propati. Edet Amana na di founding dareto of Citybank Nigeria Limited an im saf for di board of di Bank fom 1985-2010. Todey, Edet Amana na di Chairman of Amana Group of Company an na im
bi di bifor bifor Presidor of di Nigerian Academy of Engineering. Im bi fellow of di Nigerian Society of Engineers, na im bi di forma Presidor of di Association of Consulting Engineers Nigeria, fellow Nigerian Institute of Management an fellow International Institute of Director. Im bi memba of American Society of Civil Engineers an di Association of African Development Experts.Pasona laif
Edet Amana fest waif na Mrs Doris Edet Amana an dem bon six pikin.Doris Edet dai for December 11,2004.E marri anoda waif wey bon two pikin for am an di waif nem na Lady Hilda Edet Amana.

Awords Officer of the Order of the Niger 2005
 Knight of John Wesley awarded by Methodist Church Nigeria 2004 Doctor of Science DSc (Honoris Causa) by University of Uyo 2010

Wie dem gada di tori

Tori abaut pipul life
Naija pipul
Pipul wey dem bon for 1938

Edet Amana


Henry Southern (1799–1853) was an English journalist and diplomat, best known as the founder of the Retrospective Review.

Early life
Born in York, he was the son of Richard Southern. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, on 31 December 1814, graduated B.A. in 1819 and proceeded M.A. in 1822. He became a member of the Middle Temple, but was not called to the bar.

Journalist
Interested in early English literature, Southern in 1820 founded the Retrospective Review, which he edited on his own till 1826, by which time 14 volumes had been published. Between 1826 and 1828 two more were issued by him with Nicholas Harris Nicolas. The Review provided criticisms on "scarce old books", mainly of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Two more volumes of another series of the title were published in 1853–4.

When Jeremy Bentham founded the Westminster Review in 1824, Southern was for a time co-editor with John Bowring; and in 1825 he became proprietor and editor of the second series of the later London Magazine. He was also a contributor to The Atlas at its beginning, and to The Spectator and The Examiner.

Diplomat
In 1833 Southern accompanied the English ambassador, George William Frederick Villiers to Spain as his private secretary. He was then placed on the diplomatic staff, and, after remaining some years at Madrid, was appointed secretary to the legation at Lisbon.

In 1848 Southern became minister to the Argentine Confederation, and in 1851 was promoted to the court of Brazil, and received the insignia of a Companion of the Bath. He died at Rio de Janeiro on 28 January 1853.

Notes

Attribution

1799 births
1853 deaths
English male journalists
British diplomats
People from York
English male non-fiction writers
Journalists from Yorkshire

Henry Southern (journalist)


The Octopus is a type of amusement ride in the shape of an octopus. Six to eight arms attached to a central axis of rotation and move up and down in a wavelike motion via a counter rotating eccentric, while cars at the end of the arms, either attached directly to the arm or fixed on spinning crosses, spin freely or stay in place, depending on the exact type of ride. Each Octopus ride has the arms attached the middle of the ride. The middle or centric of the ride will move somehow (Octopus head, Spider cylinder object, and so on). Most octopus rides require guests to be at least 42 inches to ride without an adult; smaller children must have an adult with them. This is a regular at the annual AGS and AHS fairs in Ateneo de Manila University

Different Types of Octopus

There are many different kinds of Octopus. They include:
 Eyerly Octopus — One of the oldest of the Octopus rides, this variant, built by the Eyerly Aircraft Company of Oregon, has eight arms, with one car attached to each arm. As the arms turn, they move up and down, and the cars can spin freely. The arms, much like the other Eyerly designs, have a fixed height at each point of the rotation, and can not be lowered for loading. This means that the operator must load the ride one car at a time, advancing the ride to bring each arm in succession to the place where the arm is at ground level.
 Eyerly Spider — This ride is similar to the Octopus, but with only six arms each of which has two cars on a spinning crossbar.
 Eyerly Monster — Easily the fanciest of the Eyerly designs, this ride has six arms like the spider, but with four cars, rather than two, attached to a spinning cross.
 Klaus (SDC) Polyp — Originally built in the 1960s by Klaus of Germany, this ride has five arms, with 4 cars attached to a spinning cross at the end of each arm. This variation of the Octopus, though similar to the Eyerly Monster design, differs in two key ways: the cars do not spin since they are attached to the side of the cross arm, and the operator can lower all the arms at once for loading, allowing all cars to be loaded simultaneously. Although the Klaus machines are not extremely common, this design became very popular in Western Europe, with the most common builders of these attractions being Bakker and CAH, both of the Netherlands.
 Schwarzkopf Monster — This popular variant built by Schwarzkopf of Germany is similar to the Klaus Polyp, but much like Eyerly Monster, the cars are allowed to spin freely on the cross, rather than being attached to the side. The ride has five arms, with either four or five cars attached to each arm. There have been three different models of Monster built by Schwarzkopf (with the most popular being the Monster III), but they all function the same. Sartori of Italy also makes a similar ride.
 Looping/ Suspended Polyp —  Originally designed by Wieland Schwarzkopf (son of Anton Schwarzkopf), the Looping Polyp was similar to the Monster, but featured cars that could flip over as well as spin (similar to a Mondial Shake ride). The cars were also suspended below the crosses, rather than above. The prototype, Sound Factory, built for German showman Kinzler in 1997, was the only Looping Polyp ever built, as the ride was plagued by mechanical issues and was pulled out of service just a couple years later. Around the 2008/2009 season, Gerstlauer of Germany replaced the original looping cars with spinning cars for showman Aigner, who renamed it Parkour and currently tours various German Funfairs.  As of March 2017, Gerstlauer still offers the Suspended Polyp.

Ride locations
 Octopus (Eyerly Octopus) – Hydro Free Fair - Hydro, Oklahoma
 Octopus (Eyerly Octopus) – Funland Amusement Park- Idaho Falls, Idaho
 Monster (Eyerly Monster) – Cedar Point
 Monster (Eyerly Monster) – Kings Island (1972)
 Monster (Eyerly Monster) – Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
 Monstruo (Schwarzkopf Monster III) – Parque de la Ciudad (1983–present), Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Octopus (Vortex) – Riverside County Fair and National Date Festival
 Sea Warrior (Klaus [SDC] Polyp) – Indiana Beach (formerly at Kiddieland and Lake Winnie)
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Bill Hames Amusements, carnival
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Lakeside Amusement Park
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Elitch Gardens
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – North American Midway Entertainment Co.
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Tom Evans United Shows
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Evans Midland Empire Shows, Inc.
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Idlewild Park
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Luna Park, Melbourne
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Camden Park
 Octopus (Eyerly Octopus) – Great American Shows.
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Waldameer Park
 El pulpo (Eyerly Spider) – Parque Nacional de Diversiones Costa Rica
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – River City Carnival
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – South Florida Fair
 The Lobster (Schwarzkopf Monster III) – Six Flags Great America
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Conneaut Lake Park
 Spider (Eyerly Spider) – Shooting Star Amusements
 Mustekala (Schwarzkopf Monster III) - Linnanmäki
 Rock & Roll (Schwarzkopf Monster III) - Six Flags México
 Piovra (Soriani & Moser Polyp) - PowerPark

See also
 Hurricane (ride)
 Monster (ride)

References

External Videos
 One of the first Schwarzkopf Monster III's
 SDC Polyp

Manufacturer Site

 Sartori Rides
 Emiliana Luna Park srl (ITALY)

Amusement rides
Amusement rides introduced in 1962

Octopus (ride)


The Hocking Valley Scenic Railway is a non-profit, 501c3, volunteer-operated tourist railroad attraction that operates out of Nelsonville, Athens County, Ohio. It is also located near the popular Hocking Hills State Park in nearby Hocking County. It uses former trackage of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, which was in turn originally Hocking Valley Railway trackage. The current operation was founded in 1972.

General Information
Most of the trackage used by the railway is known as the Hocking Valley Railway Historic District, and has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places for Athens County, Ohio. The trackage was once owned by the Hocking Valley Railway, which eventually became part of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. The HVSR began operating trains with steam locomotive 2-8-0 No. 33 built for the Lake Superior & Ishpeming in 1916, and operated over the former Monday Creek Branch to Carbon Hill. Today, the tourist trains operate along the former C&O Armitage Subdivision between Nelsonville and a point just east of Logan, Ohio.

History

1864 to 1930
The current route's origins can be traced to April 1864, when the Mineral Railroad was chartered to build a railroad line between Columbus and Athens, a distance of about 72 miles. Little was done until 1867 when the Mineral Railroad was renamed the Columbus & Hocking Valley Railroad. The line was completed in sections between 1868 and 1870, when the first passenger train operated between the two cities on July 25, 1870. The main commodity hauled by the C&HV was coal, with clay products and related materials right behind. The C&HV eventually became part of the new Columbus, Hocking Valley and Toledo Railroad with the merger of the Columbus and Toledo Railroad and Ohio and West Virginia Railway in 1881. This new system spanned from the Lake Erie port of Toledo through Columbus to Athens and a branch to the Ohio River cities of Gallipolis and Pomeroy. In time, the CHV&T was reorganized as the Hocking Valley Railway in 1899, and existed as such until May 1930, when the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway merged the railroad into its system to create the Hocking Division.

C&O Years
Passenger service was eventually discontinued on December 31, 1949. By this point, the coal business was fading south of Columbus, and the C&O was busy operating many trains on the Columbus-Toledo portion (which connected to the C&O's mainline through [West Virginia] with the Lake Erie). Over time, freight business was down to a single branch line local train, the "Nelsonville Turn", which finally was discontinued around 1980.

Starting Out: Laying the Foundation
By this time, the Hocking Valley Scenic Railway had been operating over seven miles of the old Monday Creek Branch to Carbon Hill from Nelsonville since 1972. The HVSR had been created by three men: Frank L. McCauley, Ted Goodman, and Jerry Ballard. It was initially to be the "Salt Creek" railroad, as they had intentions of purchasing the abandoned Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad line that operated into Wellston, Ohio. During this time, they had managed to purchase three former Erie Railroad commuter coaches, piecing together two of them to be able to transport passengers. However, before details of the railroad line itself could be finalized, a scrapper had bought the line for salvage. But just in time, they were notified of the Monday Creek line and its impending scrapping. This they were able to purchase before it was too late, purchasing it from the scrapper himself. Before all of this, however, they had already purchased a steam locomotive in 1965, former Lake Superior and Ishpeming 2-8-0 No. 33 and were working on its restoration at the C&O's Yard A in Columbus.

Monday Creek and the 1970s
The first "station" of the Hocking Valley Scenic was a tarp stretched across four poles. Later on, a small building was donated.  Eventually, the final structure used as a depot on the same site (near the intersection of State Route 691 and U.S. 33) was an original Hocking Valley Railway train order office originally located in Lancaster, Ohio at the crossing of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the HV. During the early 1970s, once the season was completed for the year, the 33 would be moved to the C&O's Parson Yard roundhouse during the winter for storage and maintenance. It wouldn't be until 1976 that the locomotive would be kept in the HVSR's own (first) engine house in Nelsonville. This engine house was constructed by Bonanza Polebarn Company. Tracks were laid to the structure by the HVSR's own volunteers, with the assistance of a C&O surveyor. The work was done between 1975 and 1976, and was the first new track installed by HVSR crews and the first indoor shop facility owned by the railroad. Materials for the track to the shop were donated, coming from a spur in Logan. The early years were rough financially, and in order to make a bank payment, the "Lost Run spur" was scrapped to keep up. It was also during the late 1970s that the HVSR's Santa Claus trains began operating.

Transition Years: The 1980s
Starting around 1980, the Hocking Valley Scenic began moving operations toward Athens. This was a time of transition between the Monday Creek and the former C&O Armitage Subdivision remnant south of Nelsonville. Trains were operated from the old Monday Creek station site, backed to the main line, and then operated round trip south to Glen Ebon. However, the HVSR trains never made it to Athens before the focus shifted north. Trains began using the present station site at 33 West Canal Street, which is near the original passenger station and freight house sites (both already razed), in 1981. At the end of 1981, the railroad's first diesel arrived, former U.S. Army 45-ton switcher No. 7318. The present depot, based on a Hocking Valley prototype once located in Rising Sun, Ohio, was constructed in 1982. Architect Ted Goodman designed the structure, with funding and land provided by the Baird Trust Foundation. Trees used for the lumber were donated by local attorney Mike Nolan, and the lumber was milled by Hocking Technical College. (The lumber mill is now gone, and the site is now occupied by the Hocking College Public Safety Services building.) The station's building contractor was Denver Stump. It was also in 1982 that two more steam locomotives arrived, donated by American Electric Power: 0-6-0 No. 3 and "fireless" 0-4-0 No. 2. (It wouldn't be until 2003 that No. 3 was moved into the shop to begin restoration efforts.) The Monday Creek Branch was finally scrapped in 1983.

Looking North to Logan
As the C&O and its parent company CSX began moving out of the market south of Columbus, it was becoming apparent that in order to maintain a connection to the outside world by rail, the railroad would have to look north. With that, the rest of the Armitage Subdivision was acquired piecemeal between just east of Logan and Nelsonville. The HVSR began operating trains to East Clayton and eventually Diamond (both once homes to large brick plants) by 1985. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, the trains were running over the present route between East Logan and Nelsonville, with a shorter trip to the last remaining Ohio company town Haydenville. During the late 1980s the Hocking acquired GP7 No. 5833 from the C&O, and in the early 1990s it was restored to its original as-delivered paint scheme. Charter trips to Canal Winchester, Ohio were also operating the early and mid-1990s over the remainder of the former C&O track now owned by the Indiana & Ohio Railway. But in 1995, the HVSR lost its original engine house as the leased land it occupied had been sold out from under them. As a result, along with new federal boiler regulations and inspection requirements, and with no facility, No. 33 was sidelined at the conclusion of the 1996 season. It was traded to Ohio Central owner Jerry Jacobson, who eventually restored it to operation. No. 33 was traded for GP10 No. 701 in 2003, and 701 works off and on with 5833, giving the old C&O workhorse a break from time to time.

Present
The railroad owns and uses historic rolling stock to offer scenic rides up the Hocking River valley. It sometimes hosts specialty excursions, such as wine-tasting trips, Easter Bunny, robbery trains, and the "Santa Trains." It was named one of the world's best family train trips  by the Travel Channel in 2013.

Today's locomotive fleet includes Electro-Motive Division-built GP7 No. 5833, formerly of the C&O, and GP10 Paducah-built No. 701, formerly of the Illinois Central Gulf as it's No. 8307. Other diesel locomotives are rare World War II era Whitcomb 65-tonner, and former US Army Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton RS-4-TC No. 4005 and General Electric 45-tonner No. 7318. Currently one coal-burning steam locomotive, former Ohio Power Company 0-6-0 Baldwin-built No. 3, the Nelsonville shop completed a full restoration in 2015. No. 3 is currently working for the summer seasons, including pulling the line's "The Friendliest Train Robbery" service on select dates.

Passenger equipment includes commuter coaches from the Chicago & Northwestern and Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, a day-coach from the Baltimore & Ohio, a combination baggage-passenger car also of the B&O (the oldest piece of equipment, built in 1917), and two converted flat cars used as open-air passenger cars equipped with wooden bench seats. All of the enclosed coaches are equipped with heating units (electric or coal). A former Penn Central transfer caboose is used as the on-board generator car, supplying electricity for the trains.

Locomotives

Gallery

See also

 Hockhocking Adena Bikeway
 Hocking Canal
 Hocking River
 Wayne National Forest
 Zaleski State Forest
 Hocking State Forest
 Hocking Hills
 Hocking Hills State Park
 Rocky Brands
 Hocking College
 Stuart's Opera House
 Estel Crabtree
 US Route 33
 List of Ohio railroads
 List of heritage railroads in the United States
 List of Ohio train stations
 Rail transportation in the United States
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Athens County, Ohio
 National Register of Historic Places listings in Hocking County, Ohio
 EMD GP7
 EMD GP10

References

External links

http://www.hvsry.org - Official website
http://www.facebook.com/hvsry - Hocking Valley Scenic Railway Facebook Page
http://www.pinterest.com/hvsr - HVSR Pinterest
http://www.davedupler.com/hvsry/ - Dave Dupler's Personal Photos of the HVSR *** No longer active ***
HawkinsRails Hocking Valley Scenic page

Tourist attractions in Athens County, Ohio
Transportation in Hocking County, Ohio
Heritage railroads in Ohio
Transportation in Athens County, Ohio
Tourist attractions in Hocking County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Athens County, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Hocking County, Ohio
Spin-offs of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio

Hocking Valley Scenic Railway


PortMedia, formerly PortMusic, is a set of open source computer libraries for dealing with sound and MIDI. Currently the project has two main libraries: PortAudio, for digital audio input and output, and PortMidi, a library for MIDI input and output. A library for dealing with different audio file formats, PortSoundFile, is being planned, although another library, libsndfile, already exists and is licensed under the copyleft GNU Lesser General Public License. A standard MIDI file I/O library, PortSMF, is under construction.

PortMusic has become PortMedia and is hosted on SourceForge.

See also

 List of free software for audio

External links

 PortMusic website

Audio libraries
Computer libraries
Free audio software

PortMedia


CMI – Martti Ahtisaari Peace Foundation sr (in 2000–2021 Crisis Management Initiative ry) is an independent Finnish non-governmental organisation that works to prevent and resolve conflict through informal dialogue and mediation. Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari founded CMI in 2000. CMI has offices in Helsinki and Brussels as well as a presence in selected countries. CMI transformed from an association to a foundation on 1 May 2021.

Function
CMI states it is focused on contributing to peace processes in four regions: the Middle East and North Africa, Eurasia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. CMI states that it facilitates dialogue, mediates between conflicting sides, provides capacity-building and mediation support at all stages of conflict management and peace processes, and supports the broader peace building community. CMI is often approached in conflicts related to which it has regional expertise and contacts. The choice of mediation also depends on the political will of its financial backers to solve a particular conflict. CMI works either directly with the parties of the conflict, or assists another organization like the United Nations or the African Union in their mediating efforts. CMI conducts its mediating work behind the scenes and does not comment on ongoing negotiations. Sometimes even successful negotiations are kept secret.

CMI head offices are in Helsinki. The organization employs 80 staff. , the annual budget of CMI was 7,3 million euros. It receives most of its funding, 55%, from the Finnish state. The European Union and other European countries are significant funders as well. In 2017, it campaigned to raise more than 600,000 euros from about 9,000 private donors as a surprise "birthday present" to Ahtisaari to fund more than 15 extra rounds of mediation talks.

History
Nobel Peace laureate and former President of Finland Martti Ahtisaari founded CMI on 24 August 2000, the same year he became chairman of the International Crisis Group.  After stepping down as the President of Finland that year, Ahtisaari declined the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees because he wanted to focus instead on addressing the root causes of conflicts. President Ahtisaari's long-term vision with CMI was to contribute as effectively as possible to solving violent conflict throughout the world. The main tasks of the organisation in its early years were to assist Martti Ahtisaari in his numerous international assignments, to participate in policy discussions, and to advocate capacity-building in civilian crisis management.

This led to CMI taking on its own projects, at first concerning crisis management and later on expanding to peace building and conflict resolution. One of CMI's most visible assignments, the Aceh peace process began in late 2004. CMI and its chairman president Ahtisaari were asked to facilitate talks between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM).

In 2008, President Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts". In its announcement, the Norwegian Nobel Committee also recognized Ahtisaari and CMI's central role in the Aceh process as well as their work in mediating peace in Iraq in 2008.

CMI has mediated in South Sudan.

In 2014, CMI organized unofficial talks between conflict parties in Ukraine. It also worked for peace in Transnistria.

In 2017, CMI mediated between the government and opposition parties of the Burundian unrest. CMI also facilitated negotiations between Hamas, Fatah and other Palestinian groups. Because Hamas is classified as a terrorist group by many countries, CMI has been criticized for including them in talks. Because of the number of parties involved, it is difficult to assess the individual impact of CMI.

More lately, CMI has worked to increase the role of women in mediation, and been involved in mediation in the Yemeni Civil War.

In 2019, CMI removed all references to its employee and recently elected Member of Parliament of Finland, Hussein al-Taee, following his comparison of the Israel to the Islamic State and representatives of the Simon Wiesenthal Center saying al-Taee's writings were "clearly antisemitic."

See also
 European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats
 Finnish Institute of International Affairs
 Swisspeace

References

External links

Peace organisations based in Finland
Think tanks based in Finland
Think tanks established in 2000
Research institutes in Finland
Research institutes of international relations
2000 establishments in Finland
Martti Ahtisaari

Crisis Management Initiative


Hugh Futcher (born 29 October 1937 in Portsmouth, Hampshire) is an English actor in theatre, television and film. He was a member of the stock company of the Carry On films, with notable parts in Carry On Spying, Carry On at Your Convenience, and Carry On Behind. Other films include Roman Polanski's Repulsion (as Colin's pubmate Reggie) and the Herman's Hermits musical Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter.

In television, Futcher had a recurring role in the adventure series Orlando as "Hedgehog." He has also appeared on The Saint, Z-Cars, The Sweeney, Minder, and Casualty. In 1972 he appeared in the Doctor Who serial "The Sea Devils", and 'Six Days of Justice', in the episode 'A Private Nuisance', with Earl Cameron (actor) and Mollie Sugden. Fifteen years later he was considered for the role of the Seventh Doctor, but accepted other work that precluded taking the part.

He appeared with Brian Murphy and Maureen Lipman in the 1985 television drama On Your Way, Riley.

In 2011 he appeared in episode 5 of series 5 of MI High as George.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1937 births
Living people
English male film actors
Male actors from Portsmouth

Hugh Futcher


Naulochus, Naulochos, Naulochoi, or Naulocha (; Greek:  in Silius Italicus,  in Suetonius,  in Appian, meaning safe ship-sheltering), was an ancient city of Magna Graecia on the north coast of Sicily, between Mylae (modern Milazzo) and Cape Pelorus. It is known primarily from the great sea-fight in which Sextus Pompeius was defeated by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, 36 BCE, and which was fought between Mylae and Naulochus. (Suet. Aug. 16; Appian, B.C. v. 116-22.) Pompeius himself during the battle had been encamped with his land forces at Naulochus (Appian l. c. 121), and after his victory, Octavian, in his turn, took up his station there, while Agrippa and Lepidus advanced to attack Messana (modern Messina). (Id. 122.) It is clear from its name that Naulochus was a place where there was a good roadstead or anchorage for shipping. Some have doubted its existence as a populated place, but Silius Italicus includes it in his list of Sicilian cities. (Sil. Ital. xiv. 264.) From the description in Appian it is clear that it was situated between Mylae and Cape Rasoculmo (the Phalacrian Promontory of Ptolemy), and probably not very far from the latter point; but there is nothing to fix its site more definitely. The editors of the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World place it near the modern comune of Spadafora.

References

Ancient Sicily
Colonies of Magna Graecia

Naulochus


An immersive sim (simulation) is a video game genre that emphasizes player choice. Its core, defining trait is the use of simulated systems that respond to a variety of player actions which, combined with a comparatively broad array of player abilities, allow the game to support varied and creative solutions to problems, as well as emergent gameplay beyond what has been explicitly designed by the developer. This definition is not to be confused with game systems which allow player choice in a confined sense or systems which allow players to easily escape consequences of their choices.

Immersive sims by definition allow for multiple approaches, and typically incorporate elements of multiple genres, including role-playing games, stealth, first-person shooters, platform games and survival horror. Although they typically have smaller worlds than open world games, they also generally allow for open-ended gameplay, allowing the player to progress in any order and pursue side missions alongside any main story missions. Immersive sims are generally compared to games developed by Looking Glass Studios. The first such game generally considered an immersive sim is Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss, and other examples include Thief and Thief 2, System Shock and System Shock 2, as well as the first Deus Ex.

The term "immersive sim" may also be used to describe the game design philosophy behind the immersive sim genre, which uses interacting, reactive and consistent game systems to create emergent gameplay and a sense of player agency.

Concept
Immersive sims typically task the player to make their way through levels and complete missions, but do not enforce the means by which the player does this. A common example would be where the player-character must get past a guard. The choice of how to do this would be up to the player: they may attempt to sneak around; use parkour or other similar abilities, aided with some equipment, to slip around them; find small passageways that allow them to get around the guard; create a distraction that draws the guard away from their post; convince or bribe the guard to ignore them; or simply attack and kill or disable the guard directly. The choices may be limited by the player-character's abilities and current inventory, and there may be consequences of the player's choice. For example, killing or disabling the guard could leave the guard's body to be found later, raising the alert level of other guards. However, this element of consequence can be seen as a negative to players if taken throughout the game. For example, Dishonored introduced a "chaos" system that adjusted how enemy guards would behave due to how much violence and disturbance a player had done earlier in the game, which discouraged players from trying different tactics to avoid making future encounters harder. This system was removed for Dishonored: Death of the Outsider, as well as the addition of optional quests to encourage alternate approaches to missions.

Warren Spector, part of Looking Glass Studios, said that immersive sims create the feeling that "you are there, nothing stands between you and belief that you're in an alternate world". Many of the key developers of immersive sims compare them to tabletop Dungeons & Dragons games hosted by a good gamemaster, or to live action role-playing games, in that there are a set of rule systems to keep it a game, but the game will react to the players' actions rather than force the player to conform to a specific action. Spector is credited with the term "immersive sim" in a post-mortem he wrote on the development of Deus Ex in 2000, although Spector himself attributes it to his Looking Glass colleague Doug Church instead.

Mark Brown of the YouTube series Game Maker's Toolkit identified that a key differentiating feature of immersive sims is that they do not readily use scripted or fixed events. Instead, they use a consistent series of rules and systems throughout the game. These consistent systems then can be exploited by the player to complete objectives in unique and unpredictable ways, with the game reacting to the player's decisions. Brown uses the example of being able to fire rope arrows (to climb on) at any wooden surface in the original Thief: The Dark Project (1998), while the 2014 Thief game limited what locations these could be used, removing the immersive sim elements. Rick Lane of PC Gamer noted that while earlier games in The Elder Scrolls series were not immersive sims, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (2006) transitioned the series to an immersive sim.

History
Warren Spector considered Ultima VI: The False Prophet (1990) the first game to have an immersive sim mentality as while played from a top-down view, it relied less on events and planned-out puzzles, and instead provided the rulesets and systems through its living world to allow players to craft their own solutions to situations. Spector described one playtesting example from Ultima VI that he considered the genesis of the immersive sim genre, in which a playtester lacked a magical spell needed by his party to pass by a closed gate, and instead used a pet mouse character to sneak through small spaces and access the necessary controls to open the gate, something none of the developers had anticipated.

Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss (1992) is considered the first game to demonstrate the necessary elements of an immersive sim according to Spector and others. It built upon Ultima VIs gameplay and added in the first-person perspective, predating Wolfenstein 3D, the game that first popularized first-person shooters, by a few months. The first-person view helped to cement the impression that the player was part of the game's world that they had full control of, and completing the impression of immersion. Spector recalled that he had thought to himself "Do you not realize that the entire world just changed?" on seeing the initial demo for Ultima Underworld. Other early examples include System Shock (1994) and its sequel System Shock 2 (1999), Thief: The Dark Project (1998) and its sequel Thief II (2000), Deus Ex (2000), and Arx Fatalis (2002). However, at the same time, more action-oriented games with strong narrative elements that followed from Wolfenstein 3D, like Doom (1993) and Half-Life (1998), drew larger commercial sales, making it difficult to gain publisher interest.

Around 2006–2008, several games emerged that revitalized interest in the immersive sim, including The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion (2006), BioShock (2007), S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl (2007) and Fallout 3 (2008). Spurred from these successful titles, there have been new titles in the Deus Ex series (Deus Ex: Human Revolution (2011), Deus Ex: Mankind Divided (2016)), the Underworld series (Underworld Ascendant (2018)). A remake of System Shock (2023), "enhanced" and Virtual Reality versions of System Shock 2 (2023) and System Shock 3 (TBC) are also all planned for release. New properties, including the Arkane Studios titles Dishonored (2012), Prey (2017) and Deathloop (2021), as well as White Paper Games' The Occupation (2019) and WolfEye Studios' Weird West (2022), were developed acknowledging the design principles of immersive sims. Other titles in this period, such as the Hitman series, and The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017) and its sequel Tears of the Kingdom (2023), while not necessarily considered immersive sims, have been said to possess elements of the genre, given their "sufficiently advanced physics engine/systems that interact with both player verbs and mechanics and level design" and emphasis on player freedom and emergent gameplay.

Performance in the industry
While the immersive sim genre is well-received critically, its performance within the video game industry tends to be poor and sales of immersive sim games have been varying. The original Deus Ex sold more than 500,000 units (at the time, a respectable number) but its immediate sequel, Deus Ex: Invisible War was considered a commercial failure. More recently, while Deus Ex: Human Revolution sold more than 2.1 million copies within a month of its release, its sequel Deus Ex: Mankind Divided had not yet cleared one million in sales a year after its release. Dishonored 2 also did not see a sales uptake similar to the one the original Dishonored had. System Shock 2 only sold about 58,000 units eight months after release, in contrast to System Shock 170,000 units. As a result of poor sales of System Shock 2 and Thief from its multimillion dollar budgets, Looking Glass suffered mounting debts and closed down in May 2000. Irrational Games still wanted to make System Shock 3, but Electronic Arts, which held the publishing rights to the franchise, felt sales of the second were not sufficient to justify a sequel, leading Irrational to make a spiritual successor that shared the same concepts but avoided the intellectual property rights issues in BioShock.

Jody Macgregor of PC Gamer noted that there are other factors contributing towards lower sales - including other competing games and changes in a sequel's marketing and approach. He also states that immersive sims require more commitment from the player to invest and learn the game's complex interacting systems in contrast to other types of games built around simpler mechanics thus making immersive sims harder to sell. Jordan Thomas, a developer on Thief and the BioShock games also said that immersive sims are very difficult to be built by groups other than large teams due to the complexity of such games - making contributions from indie games unlikely.

Arkane's Harvey Smith believed that while the sales trends for immersive sims in the 2010s were disappointing, there will always be a market for them but there will be a need to balance the cost of development to lower sales numbers. Smith attributes the lower sales of more recent games to the general trend of players favoring fast-paced action games with strong multiplayer components - with publishers being wary of games without such elements. Immersive sims by nature tend to be single-player experiences requiring thought-out approaches but Smith believes that the new titles will adapt to these player preferences in the future, particularly from indie developers.

Lineage

A small number of studios and developers have been associated with the immersive sim genre, creating a lineage in its development originating from Looking Glass Studios and its projects. Ultima Underworld was created by Paul Neurath and Doug Church, under their studio Blue Sky Productions and published by Origin Systems. Warren Spector of Origin (who had worked on Ultima VI) also worked closely with Blue Sky to finalize the game - which eventually transitioned into Looking Glass and created System Shock 2 and Thief. Spector later joined Ion Storm and founded its Austin, Texas studio where they developed the Deus Ex series. Looking Glass Studios eventually closed down but developers from it launched their own studios - notably Ken Levine who had helped with Thief and System Shock 2 left to form Irrational Games and create the BioShock series (which has been described as a spiritual sequel to the System Shock games). Following the release of BioShock Infinite, Levine significantly pared back Irrational Games to reform under a new name, Ghost Story Games, as to explore a new approach towards storytelling. However, Jason Schreier observed that many of those that had worked on the BioShock series at Irrational or other related studios often ended up either at existing studios or created their own studios that made their own immersive sim take on BioShock and continued this lineage.

Separately, Raphaël Colantonio had been part of the quality assurance team supporting Origin Systems for Electronic Arts (EA) in publishing games like System Shock in Europe. Colantonio left EA and eventually founded Arkane Studios, desiring to make an immersive sim sequel to the Ultima Underworld series. EA denied them the use of the intellectual property and instead Arkane produced Arx Fatalis. Later, Colantonio brought on Harvey Smith (a quality assurance tester for Origin for System Shock and one of the lead developers under Ion Storm for Deus Ex) and they subsequently designed the Dishonored series as well as building the new Prey atop similar immersive sim fundamentals. More recently, Neurath founded a new studio, OtherSide Entertainment obtaining the rights for an Underworld sequel from EA and for the System Shock property through Night Dive Studios whom also had acquired the rights from EA. Neurath brought on Spector to help create both sequels.

Many immersive sims that feature numeric passwords use the numeral "451" (or "0451") as part of the first code that the player encounters, such as in BioShock, Prey and Deathloop. This is in reference to System Shock games which use it as part of the first door codes seen in the game - sometimes believed to be a reference to Fahrenheit 451 but according to Spector, the code had been used on the door for Looking Glass's studios in Cambridge. However, former Looking Glass programmer Marc LeBlanc refuted this claim in 2023 saying that it was based on the Ray Bradbury novel and that the office manager used it as the studio's door code. Since then its recurrence in immersive sims as well as other games such as Call of Duty: Modern Warfare and Firewatch is described as "kind of a signature that developers use to align themselves with Looking Glass", according to former Looking Glass developer Tim Stellmach. The name Looking Glass is also played upon by developers of immersive sims to reflect on the importance of the seminal studio to the genre - for example: OtherSide Entertainment's name (playing on the title of Lewis Carroll's book Through the Looking-Glass) and Prey having the Looking Glass computer system that the player encounters frequently.

References

Video game genres

Immersive sim


East Barre Dam (National ID # VT00053) is a dam in East Barre, Washington County, Vermont.

The earthen dam was constructed between 1933 and 1935 under the supervision of the North Atlantic Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers, with a height of 65 feet and a length of 1460 feet at its crest.  The dam is a seasonal flood control structure to impound the Jail Branch River, a tributary of the Winooski River.  Construction was done almost entirely with hand labor by the Civilian Conservation Corps.

The Corps of Engineers designed the dam in response to a 1927 flood, which set state records and hit the Winooski River Valley and its tributaries the hardest. Eighty-four people died as a result of the flood statewide, and the downtown of Barre, Vermont, was decimated. Today, the dam protects the city from flooding almost yearly, as the area above the dam floods semi-yearly, but the controlled flow of water into Barre cuts back considerably on the amount of flood damage.

The dam is owned and operated by the state of Vermont.  Although the dammed area has a maximum capacity of 23,550 acre-feet, it is normally empty.

References

Buildings and structures in Barre (town), Vermont
Dams in Vermont
United States state-owned dams
Dams completed in 1935
Civilian Conservation Corps in Vermont
1936 establishments in Vermont

East Barre Dam


The Tai Khamti (Khamti: ; ), also known as the Hkamti Shan () or simply as Khamti, are a Tai ethnic group of India, China and Myanmar.
The Tai-Khamti are followers of Theravada Buddhism. The Tai-Khamti have their own script for their language, known as 'Lik Tai', which originated from the Shan (Tai) script of Myanmar. Their mother tongue is known as Khamti language. It is a Tai language, closely related to Thai and Lao.

According to 2001 census of India, the Tai Khamtis have a population of 12,890. In Myanmar their total population is estimated at 200,000 people.

The Tai Khamtis who inhabit the region around the Tengapani basin of Arunachal Pradesh were descendants of migrants who came during the eighteenth century from the  Hkamti Long region, the mountainous valley of the Irrawaddy.

Distribution
They are located in  Hkamti Long, Mogaung and Myitkyina regions of Kachin State as well as Hkamti District of Sagaing Division of Myanmar. In India, they are found in Namsai district and Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh. Smaller numbers are present in Lakhimpur district, Dhemaji district and Munglang Khamti village in Tinsukia district of Assam and possibly in some parts of China.

Society

The Khamti society is divided into classes, each signifying distinct status in the social hierarchy. The chiefs occupy the highest positions, followed by the priests, who wield considerable influence over all ranks. In the past, the slaves constituted the lowest rank.

Culture

Lifestyle and customs

The Tai-Khamti are very strong believers of Theravada Buddhism. Houses have a prayer room, and they pray every morning and evening by offerings flowers (nam taw yongli) and food (khao tang som). They are traditionally peaceful.

Houses of the Tai-Khampti are built on raised floors with thatched roofs. The roofs are constructed so low that the walls remain concealed. Wooden planks are used for flooring, and the walls are made of bamboo splices.

The Khamti are settled, agriculturists. They use a plough (thaie) drawn by a single animal, either an ox or a buffalo (or even an elephant in olden days).

The Khamti raise crops such as paddy rice (khow), mustard/sesame seeds (nga) and potato (man-kala). Their staple food is rice, usually supplemented by vegetables, meat and fish. They drink a beer made from rice (lau) as a beverage that is not served during festivals. Some of the well-known dishes are khao puk (made out of sticky rice and sesame seeds), khao lam (bamboo rice), paa sa (fresh river fish soup with special herbs), paa som, and nam som among others. Beef is considered taboo.

They are the earliest people to have used tea in India. But there is no substantial documentation of the history of tea drinking in the Indian subcontinent for the pre-colonial period. One can only speculate that tea leaves were widely used in ancient India since the plant is native to some parts of India. The Singpho tribe and the Khamti tribe, inhabitants of the regions where the Camellia sinensis plant grew native, have been consuming tea since the 12th century. It is also possible that tea may have been used under another name. Frederick R. Dannaway, in the essay "Tea As Soma", argues that tea was perhaps better known as "Soma" in Indian mythology.

Language and script
Khamti is a Southwestern Tai language spoken in Myanmar and India by the Khamti people. It is a Daic language, specifically Kadai, Kam-Tai, Tai, Southwestern, Northwest branch. The language seems to have originated around Mogoung in Upper Myanmar. It is closely related to Thai and Lao languages. The name "Khamti" means "place of gold".

Three dialects of Khamti are known: North Burma Khamti, Assam Khamti, and Sinkaling Khamti. Speakers of Khamti are bilingual, largely in Assamese and Burmese.

The Tai Khamtis have their own writing system called 'Lik-Tai', which closely resembles the Northern Shan script of Myanmar with some of the letters taking divergent shapes. Their script is evidently derived from the Lik Tho Ngok script since hundreds of years ago. There are 35 letters including 17 consonants and 14 vowels. The script is traditionally taught in monasteries on subjects like tripitaka, Jataka tales, code of conduct, doctrines and philosophy, history, law codes, astrology, and palmistry etc. The first printed book was published in 1960. In 1992 it was edited by the Tai Literature Committee, Chongkham. In 2003 it was again modified with tone marking by scholars of Northern Myanmar and Arunachal Pradesh.

Dress
The traditional Khamti dress of men is a full-sleeved cotton shirt (siu pachai) and multi-coloured sarong (phanoi). The women's dress consists of a long sleeve shirt  (siu pasao), a deep-coloured long sarong (sinh) made from cotton or silk, and a coloured silk scarf (phamai). Married woman wear in plain black long wrap-around sarong (sinn) and above that a shorter green wrap-around cloth (langwat).

Their jewelry consists of bright amber earplugs, coral, beaded necklaces, silver hairpins, bangles and gold ornaments. The Khamti men usually tattoo their bodies.

The Khamti tie their hair into a large knot, which is supported by a white turban (pha-ho). The chiefs wear a long coat made of silk. The hair is drawn up from the back and sides in one massive roll, measuring four to five inches in length. An embroidered band, the fringed and tasseled ends of which hang down behind, encircles the roll.

Arts

The Khamti are renowned for their craftsmanship. Their sword is known as pha-nap. Their priests are known to be amateur craftsmen, who use wood, bone or ivory to carve religious statues.

It is believed that by shaping ivory handles of weapons they will evince great skill. Their weapons include poisoned bamboo spikes (panjis), spear, bow and arrow, sword, and shield, usually made of rhinoceros or buffalo hide. The Khamti also have firearms which resemble old flint muskets and horse pistols. The sword is carried on the front of the body so that its hilt can be grasped in the right hand if needed.

Dance and drama

The dance "Ka Poong Tai" is one of the main dramatic art forms of the Tai Khamtis. Unlike many forms of traditional Arunachali dance, the Khamti dance is a dance drama, reflecting the  culture of the Khamti Buddhists.

The traditional folk dances of the Tai Khamtis have their roots in Southeast Asian countries like Thailand and Myanmar. The community has many folk dances and each dance has a religious background. Some of the most widespread Tai Khamti dance dramas are:

 Peacock Dance: Kaa Kingnara Kingnari is a prominent dance among the Tai Khamti. It is a Buddhist belief in nature which depicts the slow and gracious dance of mythical half-human and half-peacock that existed in the Himalayas.
 CockFight Dance: Kaa Kong Tou Kai is a popular dance of Tai Khamti tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. It is performed by two or four people who wear a headgear shaped like the head of the cock, accompanied by the beats of drum (kongpat), cymbals (paiseng) and a set of gongs (mong-seeing). This dance usually shows a fight between two cocks and is inspired by the ancient tradition of entertaining the king with a cockfight.
 Deer Dance: According to the legendary story, deer-dancing (kaa-toe) in the month of October (Nuen-Sip-Eit) is a celebration of the light festival based on the story of the spirits of the people and animals welcoming the return of Buddha after his preaching and thanksgiving to his mother and other spirits. This dancing of Ka-Toe is a Buddhist belief and religious in nature.
 Demon Dance: The demon dance Kaa Phi Phai is another prominent dance and is performed on important social and religious occasions. The theme of this dance revolves around the attainment of the enlightenment by Buddha despite attempts of 'Mara', the king of evil spirits to disturb his deep meditation. Kaa Phi Phai symbolises the victory of the holy over the evil and marks the Buddha's attainment of 'Nirvana'.

Festivals

Sangken is the main festival of the Khamti. It is celebrated on 14 April. The Indian national colours are displayed at the Sangken festival where people irrespective of their tribe, caste, culture, race, etc., participate in the rituals.

The main attraction of the festival is splashing clean water, which is the symbol of peace and purity. The images of Buddha are taken out and after the ceremonial bath. The procession is accompanied by drums, dances, and enjoyment. This holy bath of is an auspicious event. The celebration takes place for three consecutive days. During the celebration, the locals make homemade sweet and distribute them. The exchange of gifts is a common trait of the festival.

There are festivals other than Sangken celebrated throughout the year. Some of the festivals are Poi-Pee-Mau (Tai Khampti New Year), Mai-Kasung-Phai, Khoa-Wa, Poat-Wa, etc.

References

External links
 Ethnologue Profile
 Buddhist temple gutted in fire
 Significance of Poi Pee Mau
 Taikhampti Namsai blog
 TaiKhampti Youth website

Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh
Tribes of Assam
Ethnic groups in Myanmar
Buddhist communities of Myanmar
Buddhist communities of India
Social groups of Assam
Ethnic groups in Northeast India
Ethnic groups in South Asia
Ethnic groups in India
Ethnic groups in China

Khamti people


Kirkland Island, also known as Rose-Kirkland Island, is located within the municipality of Richmond, British Columbia and is part of a small alluvial archipelago known as the South Arm Marshes located within the Ladner Reach of the South Arm of the Fraser River in British Columbia, Canada. It is the northernmost island of the group and lies between Richmond on Lulu Island in the north and Delta and Ladner town centre in the south.

The island is predominantly alluvial in nature and is approximately 1.5 miles long. It is separated from Rose Island to the south by a narrow tidal channel; they are sometimes collectively referred to as Rose-Kirkland Island. It is uninhabited and is under the management of the Kirkland Island Waterfowl Society, which does not allow public access. The entire archipelago, comprising Kirkland, Woodward, Barber, Duck, Rose, Gunn and Williamson Islands, falls within the Agricultural Land Reserve and is under the administration of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment, designated as the South Arm Marshes Wildlife Management Area.

Since 2008, Kirkland Island has been noted for the ongoing presence of disarticulated human feet, most recently in February 2016.

In February, 2009, Ducks Unlimited Canada (DUC) and Port Metro Vancouver (PMV) announced completion of an intertidal enhancement project increasing fish habitat at Rose-Kirkland Island. PMV contributed $1.5 million as part of a multi-year plan to offset loss of wildlife habitat from the development of the Deltaport Third Berth Project (DP3). The Rose-Kirkland Island project included breaching Fraser River dikes to create an intertidal environment;  raising the elevation of a kilometre of dike to mitigate flooding of the fields on the island; excavating the pool area to facilitate tidal flushing; and upgrading 250 metres of rock riprap along the foreshore to protect against erosion due to waves caused by Fraser River boat traffic.

Ownership history
Kirkland Island derives its name from Ladner resident John Kirkland, who with his descendants were prominent landholders in the Surrey and Delta area.

Until 1960, Kirkland and Rose islands were privately owned by HR McMillan, when ownership was transferred to Kirkland Island Waterfowl Society. In 1989, The Nature Trust along with the Pacific Estuary Conservation Program partners purchased the islands and subsequently leased it to the B.C. Ministry of Environment. The ministry, in turn, licensed annual agriculture management and production to the Kirkland Island Waterfowl Society to attract and support migrant waterfowl. In exchange, the society received exclusive use of the islands as a hunting club.

Fauna
Many animal species, both endemic and transient, frequent Kirkland Island and the South Arm Marshes. They include:

 Loons and grebes. The South Arm Marshes are frequented by many loon and grebe species, especially during spring and fall migrations. The most easily observed are the common loon, red-throated loon, horned grebe, red-necked grebe and western grebe.
 Great blue herons. Herons are easily seen throughout the year.
 Ducks and geese. Many reside in the South Arm Marshes year-round, but the largest concentrations are observed during the spring and fall migrations. The most common species include mallard ducks and northern pintail ducks, green-winged teal and American wigeon. Snow geese are present in large numbers on the west portion of the area in March and April.
 Bald eagles. Bald eagles nest throughout the Fraser River estuary.
 Hawks. Concentrations of hawks are greatest during migratory waterfowl stopovers. Hawk species include northern harrier hawk, red-tailed hawk, sharp-shinned hawk and Cooper's hawk.
 Falcons. Peregrine falcons are often seen hunting shorebirds and waterfowl.
 Shorebirds. During low tides, mud flats and marsh areas are frequented by shorebirds, especially during the migration periods.
 Songbirds. Passerine species may be observed throughout the year. The greatest diversity of songbirds occurs in late spring and through the summer. Easily observed are the marsh wren, red-winged blackbird and song sparrow.
 Mammals. The South Arm Marshes are home to both beaver and muskrat. Raccoons and mink may also be observed.
 Seals and sea lions. The channels of the Fraser River are frequented by harbour seals throughout the year, and in the spring by California sea lions. These species are most visible during fish runs.

Flora
Rare plant elements appearing in the WMA include Hendersons Checker-mallow (Sidalcea hendersonii), Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) and Western St. John's Wort (Hypericum scouleri).

References

Uninhabited islands of British Columbia
Islands of the Fraser River
Protected areas of British Columbia

Kirkland Island


George Miller may refer to:

Entertainment
George Miller (comedian) (1941–2003), comedian
George Miller (director) (born 1945), Australian film director, producer and screenwriter
George T. Miller (1943-2023), Australian film and television director
George Bures Miller (born 1960), Canadian artist
George Miller, stage name Joji (born 1992), a musician and Internet personality formerly known under the pseudonyms Filthy Frank and Pink Guy
George Miller (Lassie), a fictional character in the long-running television series Lassie

Politics
George Funston Miller (1809–1885), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
George Clark Miller (1882–1968), mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia
George P. Miller (1891–1982), U.S. Representative from California
George Miller (Arizona politician) (1922–2014), mayor of Tucson, Arizona 1991–1999
George Miller (California politician) (born 1945), former United States Representative from California's 11th congressional district
George Miller Jr. (1914–1969), California Democratic politician, father of George Miller (California politician)
G. William Miller (1925–2006), U.S. Secretary of Treasury, 1979–1981
George W. Miller (politician) (1922–1997), New York assemblyman

Sports
George Miller (cricketer) (1929–2017), Scottish cricketer
George Miller (footballer, born 1886) (1886–?), Scottish footballer who played as a left half for Lincoln City
George Miller (footballer, born 1894) (1894–1939), Scottish footballer
George Miller (footballer, born 1939) (1939–2008), Scottish footballer and manager
George Miller (footballer, born 1980), Liberian footballer
George Miller (footballer, born 1991), English footballer
George Miller (footballer, born 1998), English footballer currently with Middlesbrough
George Arthur Miller (1867–1935), British polo player
George Miller (baseball) (1853–1929), baseball player

Science and architecture
 George Abram Miller (1863–1951), American mathematician
 George H. Miller (architect, born 1856) (1856–1927), American architect in Bloomington, Illinois
 George H. Miller (architect, born 1949), American architect in New York City
 George Armitage Miller (1920–2012), American psychologist
 George H. Miller (physicist), American physicist

Other
 George Miller (historian) (1764–1848), Irish Anglican priest and historian of Trinity College, Dublin
 George Miller (Latter Day Saints) (1794–1856), bishop in the Latter Day Saint church
 George L. Miller (1830–1920), founder of the Omaha Herald newspaper
 George Macculloch Miller (1832–1917), lawyer and secretary of Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City
 George W. Miller (judge) (1941–2016), judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims
 George Stewart Miller (1884–1971), president of Tufts College, 1937 to 1938
 George D. Miller III (born 1951), president of Davis College in Johnson City, New York
 George Fuller Miller Sr. (1903–?), Boy Scouts of America executive
 George D. Miller (born 1930), U.S. Air Force general

George Miller


Not What You Expected is the sixth studio album from American pop punk band Mest, their first album in eight years with only vocalist Tony Lovato returning.  Originally slated for released in April 2012, the album was continuously pushed back until September 24, 2013.  A week before the release, the band announced via their official Facebook account and website that they would be giving the album away for free, one song per week, through their official website.  However, internationally in Japan, the album was released in full.

Singles
The album's first single, "Almost", which had an accompanying music video, was released on February 14, 2012. The second single, "Radio (Something to Believe)," was released over a year later on June 4, 2013, which has also been made into a music video.  Although not an official single, "One Life," was released for free during the summer of 2012 to hold fans over until the official release.

Track listing
 "Radio (Something to Believe)" (featuring Jeremy McKinnon) - 4:55
 "Goodbyes" - 3:31
 "Almost" - 3:28
 "One Life" - 3:36
 "M.D.M.A." - 5:17
 "The Past" - 3:19
 "Not This Again" - 3:55
 "Can't Let Go" - 3:01
 "Day Turns Tonight" - 3:46
 "Good Die Young" - 3:59
 "Blinded Bye"

References

Mest albums
2013 albums

Not What You Expected


The eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi) is a type of snake in the family Colubridae. It is native to the eastern United States. It is the longest native snake in the United States. It is the largest snake in the United States. It is also the largest, non-venomous snake in the southeastern United States.

Description
The eastern indigo snake has a blue-black colour. It is the longest native snake species in the United States. Males usually grow up to 1.58 m (5.2 ft) in length. Females usually grow up to 1.38 m (4.5 ft) in length. Males usually weigh 2.2 kg (4.9 lb). Females usually weigh 1.5 kg (3.3 lb).

Distribution and Habitat
The eastern indigo snake is found from southwestern South Carolina south through Florida and west to southern Alabama and southeastern Mississippi.

The eastern indigo snake likes flatwoods, hammocks, dry glades, stream bottoms, sugarcane fields, riparian thickets, and sandy soils.

The eastern indigo snake mostly lives in scrublands in Florida and Georgia with different types of plants. These are mainly longleaf pine, southern live oak, laurel oak, Chapman oak, and myrtle oak.

Feeding
The Eastern indigo snake eats other snakes, turtles, lizards, frogs, toads, lots of small birds and mammals, and eggs.

Reproduction
The Eastern indigo snake is oviparous. The breeding season is from November to April. Females lay their eggs from May to June. Females lay from 4 to 12 eggs. Young hatch in about 3 months, usually in August and September.

Conservation status
The eastern indigo snake is threatened by habitat loss. It is believed to be extinct in Alabama.

The eastern indigo snake was extinct in northern Florida because of habitat loss and fragmentation. The eastern indigo snake was last seen in Apalachicola Bluffs and Ravines Preserve in 1982, until 2017 when 12 snakes were released as part of a conservation program. 20 more snakes were released in 2018. 15 snakes in 2019.

References

Colubrids
Snakes of North America

Eastern indigo snake


John Azuta-Mbata was elected Senator for the Rivers East constituency of Rivers State, Nigeria at the start of the Nigerian Fourth Republic, running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. He took office on 29 May 1999.
He was reelected in April 2003.

Azuta-Mbata was born in January 1960.
He earned a Masters in Public Administration from the University of Ibadan.
He was a member of the Governing council of Rivers state university of science & Technology, Port Harcourt.
After taking his seat in the Senate in June 1999, he was appointed to committees on Defense, Works & Housing, Women Affairs, Finance & Appropriation (vice chairman), Information, Special Projects and Local & Foreign Debts.

In April 2005 the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) arraigned Azuta-Mbata and others for involvement in an alleged N55 million budget bribe scam.
Also charged were former Senate President Adolphus Wabara and former Education Minister Fabian Osuji.
They were said to have demanded, received and shared N55 million to facilitate the passage of Education ministry's budget.
After extended legal battles, on 1 June 2010 a full panel of the Court of Appeal in Abuja quashed all the charges, discharged and acquitted the accused.

References

Members of the Senate (Nigeria) from Rivers State
Living people
1960 births
Rivers State Peoples Democratic Party politicians
Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)
20th-century Nigerian politicians
21st-century Nigerian politicians

John Azuta-Mbata


Priscilla K. Coleman es una investigadora social estadounidense. Profesora de Desarrollo Humano y Estudios de Familia en el Bowling Green State University, en Ohio.

Un estudio suyo, de 2011, esclarece que el aborto incrementa en un 155 % el riesgo de suicidio en las mujeres.

Obras
 The relationship between prenatal expectations of the maternal role among first-time mothers and postnatal attitudes (1992)
 Maternal self-efficacy beliefs as predictors of parenting competence and toddlers' emotional, social, and cognitive development (1998)

Artículos científicos:

 "Associations between abortion, mental disorders, and suicidal behavior in a nationally representative sample" (The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55, 4 (April 2010), pp. 239-246) (2010)
 "Abortion and the sexual lives of men and women: is casual sexual behavior more appealing and more common after abortion?" (International journal of clinical and health psychology, ISSN 1697-2600, Vol. 8, Nº. 1, 2008 , pp. 77-91) (2008)
 "The Decline of partner relationships in the aftermath of abortion" (Association for Interdisciplinary Research in Values and Social Change, winter 2007) (2007)
 "Induced abortion and increased risk of substance abuse: a review of the evidence" (Current Women's Health Reviews, I, pp. 21-34) (2005)
 "The Psicology of abortion: a review and suggestions for future research" (Psicology and Health, 20, pp. 237-271)(2005)
 "A history of induced abortion in relation to substance use during subsequent pregnancies carried to term" (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 189(2), pp. 617-8) (2003)
 "Depression associated with abortion and childbirth: a long-term analysis of the NLSY cohort" (Med Sci Monit, 9(4), pp. 105-112) (2003)
 "Abortion and mental health: quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995–2009" (The British Journal of Psychiatry, September 3, pp. 180-186) (2011)

Referencias

Véase también
 Aborto

Sociólogos de Estados Unidos
Psicólogos de Estados Unidos
Activistas provida de Estados Unidos
Activistas provida

Priscilla K. Coleman


George Norman Hillmer  (born 1942) is a Canadian historian and is among the leading scholars on Canada–US relations.

Hillmer completed his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees in history at the University of Toronto in 1966 and 1967, respectively, before going on to earn a Doctor of Philosophy degree from Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1974. During this period, he also worked as an assistant to former Prime Minister Lester Pearson, who was then working at Carleton University's Norman Paterson School of International Affairs. In 1972, Hillmer joined the Directorate of History at Canada's Department of National Defence as a staff historian. He rose to become the acting director of the directorate before shifting in 1990 to a full-time career as a professor of history and international affairs at Carleton University, a position he continues to hold.

Hillmer collaborates with other scholars on many of his book projects, often with the respected Canadian historian J. L. Granatstein.

In December 2016, Hillmer was named a Member of the Order of Canada.

Books
O. D. Skelton: A Portrait of Canadian Ambition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015), xii, 424.
Canada's International Policies: Agendas, Alternatives, and Politics (Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 2008) [with Brian W. Tomlin and Fen Osler Hampson], vi, 432 pp.
The Atlas of Canada and the World (Vancouver, Toronto, New York: Whitecap Books, 1999), 223 pp.
Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders (Toronto: Harper Collins, 1999) [with J. L. Granatstein], 233 pp.
Elder Daughter of the Empire: A History of Canadian–British Relations, 1713–1982 (in Japanese; Tosui Shobo, Tokyo, 1997) [with Kazuo Kimura and P. A. Buckner], xii, 271 pp.
Empire to Umpire: Canada and the World to the 1990s (Toronto: Copp Clark Longman, 1994) [with J. L. Granatstein], ix, 373 pp. Revised and expanded as Empire to Umpire: Canada and the World into the Twenty-First Century (Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007), xiii, 393 pp.
For Better or for Worse: Canada and the United States to the 1990s (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1991) [with J. L. Granatstein], xvi, 334 pp. Revised and expanded as For Better or for Worse: Canada and the United States into the Twenty-First Century (Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2007), xviii, 359 pp.
Negotiating Freer Trade: The United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and the Trade Agreements of 1938 (Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1989) [with Ian M. Drummond], x, 197 pp.

Edited books
O. D. Skelton: The Work of the World, 1923-1941 (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press and The Champlain Society; both editions, 2013), xx, 53 page introduction, 517 pp.
Canadas of the Mind: The Making and Unmaking of Canadian Nationalisms in the Twentieth Century (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007) [with Adam Chapnick], x, 326 pp.
Fuelling Progress: One Hundred Years of the Canadian Gas Association, 1907-2007 (Ottawa: Canadian Gas Association, 2007) [by Tim Krywulak], xi, 180 pp.
The Land Newly Found: Eyewitness Accounts of the Canadian Immigrant Experience (Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2006) [with J.L. Granatstein], 431 pp.
Canada Among Nations 2004: Setting Priorities Straight (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005) [with David Carment and Fen Osler Hampson], x, 291 pp.
Battle Lines: Eyewitness Accounts from Canada's Military History (Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2004) [with J.L. Granatstein], 490 pp.
 Among Nations 2003: Coping with the American Colossus (Don Mills, Ontario: Press, 2003) [with David Carment and Fen Osler Hampson], xii, 354 pp.
Activism and (Non)Alignment: The Relationship Between Foreign Policy and Security Doctrine (Stockholm: The Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 2002) [with Ann-Sofie Dahl], vii, 154 pp.
First Drafts: Eyewitness Accounts from Canada's Past (Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2002) [with J.L. Granatstein], 486 pp.
Canada Among Nations 2002: A Fading Power (Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 2002) [with Maureen Appel Molot], xii, 299 pp.
Canada Among Nations 2001: The Axworthy Legacy (Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 2001) [with Fen Osler Hampson and Maureen Appel Molot], xiv, 235 pp.
Pearson: the Unlikely Gladiator (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999), x, 213 pp.
A Country of Limitations: Canada and the World in 1939/Un pays dans la gêne: le Canada et le monde en 1939 (Ottawa: Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War/Comité canadien D'Histoire de la Deuxieme Guerre mondiale, 1996) [with Robert Bothwell, Roger Sarty, and Claude Beauregard], 295 pp.
Documents relatifs aux relations extérieures du Canada/Documents on Canadian External Relations, Volume XIII: 1947 (Ottawa: Affaires extérieures et Commerce extérieur Canada/External Affairs and  International Trade Canada, 1993) [with Donald Page], xxxvii, 1654 pp.
Making a Difference? Canada's Foreign Policy in a Changing World Order (Toronto: Lester Publishing, 1992) [with John English], xx, 236 pp. French edition: La politique étrangere canadienne dans un ordre international en mutation: une volonté de se démarquer? (Québec: Centre Québécois des Relations internationales, Université Laval, 1992), 338 pp. Chinese edition. (Beijing: The Social Science Publishing House, 2002), 267 pp.
Partners Nevertheless: Canadian‑American Relations in the Twentieth Century (Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman, 1989), 322 pp.
Nearly Neighbours: Canada and the Soviet Union from Cold War to Détente and Beyond (Kingston: Frye Publishers, 1989) [with J. L. Black], xii, 174 pp.
On Guard for Thee: War, Ethnicity, and the Canadian State, 1939‑1945 (Ottawa: Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War, 1988) [with B. Kordan and L. Luciuk], xx, 282 pp.
The Official History of the Royal Canadian Air Force, Volume II:  The Creation of a National Air Force (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986) [by W.A.B. Douglas], xix, 797 pp. Winner of the 1988 C. P. Stacey Award.
The First: Essays in Honour of Nicholas Mansergh (London: Frank Cass, 1980) [with P.G. Wigley], 192 pp.
A Foremost Nation: Canadian Foreign Policy and a Changing World (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1977) [with Garth Stevenson], 296 pp.
The In‑Between Time: Canadian External Policy in the 1930s (Toronto: Copp Clark, 1974) [with Robert Bothwell], 224 pp.

Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Cathcart, Charles Murray, 2nd Earl Cathcart [with O.A. Cooke]
Jackson, Sir Richard Downes [with O.A. Cooke]

References

External links
Norman Hillmer. Carleton University.
George Norman Hillmer. The Canadian Encyclopedia.

1942 births
20th-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Historians of Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Living people
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
People from Niagara Falls, Ontario
Writers from Ontario
Members of the Order of Canada
International relations historians
21st-century Canadian historians

Norman Hillmer


Charles Douglas Cary (born March 3, 1960) is a former professional baseball player who pitched in the Major Leagues from 1985 to 1991. He played for the Tokyo Giants in 1992, and returned to the Chicago White Sox in 1993. Cary was drafted in the seventh round of the 1981 Major League Baseball Draft out of the University of California Berkeley; where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity and graduated in 1988. Cary pitched in the 1980 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, where he defeated the St. Johns Redmen. He was also slated for the win against University of Arizona two nights later, but received a no decision when the Bears lost in the ninth inning.

Cary was a reliever for the Detroit Tigers and Atlanta Braves until a 1988 knee injury cost him most of the season. He came back in 1989 with the New York Yankees. In New York, he spent most of his time in the starting rotation, posting a 4–4 record, with a 3.26 earned run average (ERA) in 1989, and making 27 starts in 1990 going 6–12, with a 4.19 ERA. After one more season with the Yankees, Cary finished his career with 16 relief outings for the White Sox in 1993.

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Detroit Tigers players
Atlanta Braves players
New York Yankees players
Chicago White Sox players
Yomiuri Giants players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Macon Peaches players
Evansville Triplets players
Birmingham Barons players
Nashville Sounds players
Richmond Braves players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Columbus Clippers players
South Bend White Sox players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Baseball players from Whittier, California
California Golden Bears baseball players

Chuck Cary


The McMahon–Hussein correspondance was a correspondance of 10 letters during 1915 and 1916 between Sharif Hussein, the Emir of Mecca and the British High Commissioner Sir Henry McMahon. In the exchange, McMahon (in the name of the British government) promised Shairf Hussein an independent Arab state in the area of Greater Syria. In return Sharif Hussein would launch an Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in the context of the First World War. Despite unresolved questions concerning the precise boarders, the Arab revolt began in Mecca on 10 June 1916. It was led by one of Sharif Hussein's sons, Emir Faysal, and accompanied by T.E. Lawrence, better known as "Lawrence of Arabia", who was sent as an agent for the British.

Historical Context
In the war against the Ottoman Empire, the British needed the help of the Arabs. Therefore, British officials devised a plan whereby an Arab uprising against the Ottomans would separate Ottoman troops in the Middle East from German troops in Africa. This led to what is known as the Hussein-McMahon correspondence: an exchange of letters between the British High Commissioner Henry McMahon, who was stationed in Egypt, and the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali. Sharif Hussein was considered the legitimate leader of the Arab people because of his alleged descent from the Prophet (the Hashemites) and his role as the official protector of the holy sites. In ten letters, borders within large parts of Ottoman Territory (Greater Syria) were drafted and discussed: the British promised an independent Arab territory from the Mediterranean to present-day Iraq and from the Indian Ocean to Syria.

References

Documents
1910s in the Ottoman Empire

McMahon–Hussein Correspondence


Rev. Samuel Weed Barnum (June 4, 1820 – November 18, 1891) was an American minister and author.

Barnum, the only son of Horace and Cynthia (Weed) Barnum, was born in North Salem, Westchester County, New York, on June 4, 1820, and removed to Stamford, Connecticut, in 1835.

Barnum graduated from Yale College in 1841.  He studied in the Yale Divinity School from 1841 to 1844, but during his theological course, and afterwards, he suffered much from ill-health. From March, 1845, to August, 1847, he was the principal assistant of Professor Goodrich in the revision of Webster's Dictionary.

From December, 1848, to April, 1850, he preached to the First Congregational Church in Granby, Connecticut.  In 1851-2 he preached for fourteen months at Feeding Hills, then a parish of West Springfield, now of Agawam, Massachusetts. He was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church in Chesterfield, Mass., on January 25, 1853, and remained there for two years. From January 1, 1856, to May 14, 1862, he was pastor of the church in Phillipston, Mass. He remained for one year longer in Phillipston, and then resided for two years in Stamford.

In May, 1865, he removed to New Haven, and during his residence here, besides preaching as health and opportunity permitted, he prepared for the press a Comprehensive Dictionary of the Bible (1868), mainly abridged from Dr. William Smith; Romanism as it is (1871); and a Vocabulary of English Rhymes (1876). His health, never robust, was after this date more precarious; but he was able to take charge, in part, of the department of pronunciation in the new Webster's International Dictionary (1890), and was preparing an elaborate Fifty-years' Record of his Yale class, when his death occurred, very suddenly, from heart-disease, in New Haven, on November 18, 1891, in his 72nd year.

He married, on April 16, 1849, Charlotte Betts, of Stamford, who survived him with their children, two sons and two daughters ; the sons are graduates of Yale College, in 1875 and 1879, respectively, one daughter was mathematician Charlotte Barnum.

External links

1820 births
1891 deaths
People from North Salem, New York
Yale Divinity School alumni
American lexicographers
American Congregationalist ministers
American male non-fiction writers
American religious writers
Yale College alumni
19th-century American clergy
19th-century lexicographers

Samuel Weed Barnum


Randy Kerber (born September 25, 1958) is an American composer, orchestrator and keyboard player, who has had a prolific career in the world of cinema.

Kerber was born in Encino, California. He began his first national tour with Bette Midler in 1977 at the age of 19. He was nominated for an Oscar in 1986, along with Quincy Jones and others, for Best Original Score for the motion picture The Color Purple. He was also nominated for a Grammy for his arrangement of "Over the Rainbow" for Barbra Streisand.

As a studio keyboardist, Kerber has worked on over 800 motion pictures including Titanic, A Beautiful Mind, and the first three films of the Harry Potter franchise. The piano in the opening and closing scenes of Forrest Gump, which features a feather floating in the wind, was played by Kerber and keyboardist Randy Waldman.

Kerber has been an orchestrator on over 50 films, including work with Academy Award winner James Horner. He worked with Eric Clapton as keyboardist, orchestrator, and conductor on the 1991 film Rush, and playing on the Grammy Award-winning song "Tears in Heaven".

During his career, Kerber has worked with a wide range of artists including Michael Jackson, Paul Anka, Leonard Cohen, Rickie Lee Jones, A. R. Rahman, Whitney Houston, Michael Bolton, Rod Stewart, B.B. King, Bill Medley, Annie Lennox, Art Garfunkel, José Feliciano, Anastacia, Celine Dion, Natalie Cole, Al Jarreau, Ray Charles, Neil Diamond, Elisa, Julio Iglesias, Barry Manilow, Don Ellis, Ricky Martin, Bette Midler, Corey Hart, Eric Burdon, Kenny Rogers, Donna Summer, George Benson, Diana Ross, Marta Sanchez, Frank Sinatra, Jean-Yves Thibaudet and Dionne Warwick; and groups including Air Supply, America, Def Leppard, The Temptations, Manhattan Transfer, Lisa Stansfield, and The Three Degrees.
Kerber also performed piano solos on Steven Spielberg's Lincoln, Robert Zemeckis' Flight, and Steven Soderbergh's Behind the Candelabra for which he also trained Michael Douglas on the piano. Kerber also worked closely with actors Jason Schwartzman (for his role in the Disney film Saving Mr. Banks), Zoe Saldana for her turn as Nina Simone in the biopic Nina, and Ryan Gosling for his role of Sebastian in La La Land.

The 2016 Japanese PlayStation 4 role-playing game I Am Setsuna features a score performed almost entirely on solo piano by Kerber. In the spring of 2020 Kerber was a featured cast member and co-composer in the Netflix series The Eddy.

References

1958 births
American male composers
20th-century American composers
Living people
People from Encino, Los Angeles
20th-century American keyboardists
American session musicians
American music arrangers
American male conductors (music)
20th-century American pianists
American male pianists
20th-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians

Randy Kerber


Anthony Ralph Clarke (21 August 1941 – 4 January 2010)  was an English rock music record producer and guitarist. Born in Coventry, he is best known for producing The Moody Blues from 1966 to 1978.

Biography
Clarke played bass guitar in skiffle bands in the middle and late 1950s, and continued playing in rock bands into the early 1960s. Alongside this, he found work as a session musician for Decca Records, and in 1963 he was hired by the label as a promoter. In 1964 he transferred to the production department, working under Dick Rowe.

Most of his early work was spent on clerical and discographical tasks, though he also worked as a songwriter; his tune "Our Song" was recorded by Malcolm Roberts (who had a hit with it in South America) and Jack Jones. He produced his first single with Pinkerton's Assorted Colours; that song, "Mirror, Mirror", became a #9 hit on the UK Singles Chart. He wrote "The Guy Who Made Her A Star" for The Equals, featured on the B-side of the band's 1968 hit single, "Laurel And Hardy".

He was assigned to work with The Moody Blues starting in 1966, when the group was fading after its first major hit, "Go Now". He worked with them on the single "Fly Me High", and following this was put in charge of a project to create a rock version, with the Moody Blues, of Antonín Dvořák's New World Symphony. After this idea was shelved, he produced what became their 1967 symphonic rock album Days of Future Passed. Like the members of the Moody Blues themselves, Clarke had received no formal training in classical music as a youngster. He worked with them closely over the course of their next six albums, helping them develop a complex sound which, among other things, involved copious use of the mellotron (and earning the nickname "the Sixth Moody" from fans).  When the Moody Blues set up their own label, Threshold Records, Clarke attempted to have them sign King Crimson, although the deal never came to fruition.

Aside from the Moody Blues, Clarke also worked with Providence and on the album Blue Jays, by Moody Blues members Justin Hayward and John Lodge. He also produced the Four Tops on two Mike Pinder-penned songs - "(A) Simple Game" and "So Deep Within You" - previously recorded by the Moodies. Each initially appeared as the A-side of a Four Tops UK 7" single in 1971 and 1973 respectively, and in other territories as well; both productions were on a 4-track 7" ep release Simple Game from Australia in 1972.

After the Moody Blues went on hiatus in the middle of the 1970s, he worked to have them reunite, and produced their 1978 comeback album, Octave; however, he elected not to continue working with them after this album. Subsequently he produced for Clannad, Rick Wakeman, and Nicky Hopkins, among others. He talked extensively about his career in Nick Awde's 2008 study Mellotron, subtitled The Machine and the Musicians That Revolutionised Rock.

As a producer
The Moody Blues:
Days of Future Passed (1967)
In Search of the Lost Chord (1968)
On the Threshold of a Dream (1969)
To Our Children's Children's Children (1969)
A Question of Balance (1970)
Every Good Boy Deserves Favour (1971)
Seventh Sojourn (1972)
Octave (1978)

Justin Hayward and John Lodge: Blue Jays (1975)
Justin Hayward: Songwriter (1977)
John Lodge: Natural Avenue (1977)
Clannad: Legend (1984)
Rick Wakeman:
Nicky Hopkins:

References

Notes

Other sources
Bruce Eder, [ Tony Clarke] at Allmusic

1941 births
2010 deaths
English bass guitarists
English male guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English record producers
English male songwriters
Musicians from Coventry
English session musicians
The Moody Blues

Tony Clarke (record producer)


Juan Francisco Martínez Modesto (born 10 June 1980), known as Nino, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker, currently assistant manager of Elche CF Ilicitano.

Over 14 seasons, he amassed Segunda División totals of 571 matches and 194 goals, mainly with Elche. In La Liga, he represented Levante, Tenerife, Osasuna and Elche.

Club career
An extremely prolific goalscorer in Segunda División, Nino was born in Vera, Province of Almería, and first appeared professionally with Elche CF, helping the club achieve promotion from the Segunda División B in 1998–99. In the following campaign he made his debut in division two, with 16 matches and two goals, and would go on to develop as an influential figure for the Alicante province team.

After having scored 20 goals during 2004–05, Nino made his La Liga debut two seasons later, joining neighbours Levante UD. However, he would only find the net once throughout the entire campaign, in a 2–1 loss at CA Osasuna on 20 December 2006, but the Valencians managed to avoid relegation after finishing in 15th position.

Nino returned to the second tier in 2007–08, loaned to CD Tenerife, and finished the campaign with 18 goals, second best in the league behind Xerez CD's Yordi. The move was made permanent afterwards, on a three-year deal.

In 2008–09, Nino was finally crowned the second division's top scorer at 29 goals and Tenerife returned to the top flight after a seven-year hiatus. In the next season, he was again their main attacking reference: on 18 April 2010 he scored a hat-trick at home against Getafe CF (3–2), totalling 14 at the end of the season but in an eventual relegation. He bettered to 17 the following campaign, but the Canary Islands side dropped down another league.

Nino rejoined the top flight in early July 2011, with the 31-year-old signing a 2+1 contract with Osasuna. He netted in only his second official game, a 2–1 home win over Sporting de Gijón.

On 19 August 2016, after the Navarrese were promoted back into the main division, Nino remained in the second one with Elche, rejoining the club a decade after leaving. He scored 12 times in his first season back at the Estadio Manuel Martínez Valero, including two in a 4–4 draw with Gimnàstic de Tarragona on 8 October, but his team was relegated.

On 3 January 2021, at the age of 40, Nino competed in Elche's 1–0 La Liga away defeat to Athletic Bilbao. In doing so, he became the first player to reach 700 games in Spain's two professional divisions.

Nino announced his retirement from professional football on 9 June 2021, one day shy of his 41st birthday. On 2 September, he was named assistant manager of René Martínez at his last club's reserves.

Career statistics

Honours
Pichichi Trophy (Segunda División): 2008–09
Zarra Trophy (Segunda División): 2008–09

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Almería
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Andalusia
Men's association football forwards
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Elche CF Ilicitano footballers
Elche CF players
Levante UD footballers
CD Tenerife players
CA Osasuna players

Nino (footballer, born 1980)