Six Weeks is a 1982 American drama film directed by Tony Bill and based on the 1976 novel of the same name by Fred Mustard Stewart. It stars Dudley Moore, Mary Tyler Moore, and Katherine Healy.

Plot

Charlotte Dreyfus, a wealthy cosmetic tycoon, and her 12-year-old daughter Nicole (Nicky), who's dying from leukemia, strike up a sentimental friendship with a California politician, Patrick Dalton. Nicole has decided to abandon all further treatments for the disease because of the treatments' side effects. Charlotte is determined to help her daughter achieve various 'bucket list' goals including Nicole's desires to work for Dalton's dark-horse campaign. Dalton, who is initially taken aback by Charlotte's generous campaign donation, allows Nicky to help at the campaign office after she alludes to Nicky having a terminal illness. Dalton, the mother, and daughter slowly grow closer over the short period of time and while watching Nicky practicing her ballet, Dalton confronts Nicky about her illness. Initially angry, Nicky admits to having leukemia after Dalton admits that he has secrets as well-including an extramarital affair in the past.

Much to the consternation of Dalton's wife, he develops more attachment to Charlotte and Nicole. She confronts him about having to share him with a second family. Meanwhile, Nicky has grown attached to Dalton as a father figure and has secret ambitions of Dalton and her mother developing more than a friendship. Swept up in Nicky's charm and terminal wishes, Dalton and Charlotte do admit to their mutual feelings for each other over dinner but agree to not take it any further so as to protect his wife and son.

Charlotte decides to take Nicky to New York City as a break from Los Angeles but it's an excuse to create some distance from the ill-fated relationship. Impulsively, Dalton races to the airport and joins them on their vacation-leaving his family behind for the Christmas Holidays. During their time in New York, various events and places are crossed off Nicky's list of lifelong desires. As she reads her list to Dalton, she admits she regrets not having danced in a major ballet troupe-partially because she dedicated too much time to his campaign. Guilty, the next day Dalton uses his political charm, gets Nicky a "try out" at the New York Metropolitan Ballet.  The Ballet director, skeptical at first, admits that Nicky has professional potential and agrees to quickly train her for a full-dress rehearsal, stand-in part of the Nutcracker.

Treating it as opening night, Dalton and Charlotte go to Lincoln Center.

Before the main dance scene of Clara and the Prince, Nicky slips into position and takes over as understudy. She has a triumphant performance in front of the rehearsal crowd and is again able to cross off another item from her wish list. On the way back to the hotel, Nicky says she has never been on the NYC Subway. Enjoying the ride, Nicky suddenly is overcome with pain and collapses of an acute stroke(complications of Leukemia). Dalton and Charlotte accompany her to the hospital but she passes away en route.

The final scene is Dalton taking Charlotte to the airport, where she plans to mourn in a family vacation spot in France. She walks away, hesitates, and then continues. The epilogue has Dalton writing to Charlotte saying that his campaign was successful and don't forget to "write your Congressman."

Cast
 Dudley Moore as Patrick Dalton
 Mary Tyler Moore as Charlotte Dreyfus
 Katherine Healy as Nicole Dreyfus
 Shannon Wilcox as Peg Dalton
 Bill Calvert as Jeff Dalton
 Joe Regalbuto as Bob Crowther
 John Harkins as Arnold Stillman

Production
Golden Globe-nominated actress and ballet dancer Anne Ditchburn choreographed Healy's dance scenes, as well as appearing on camera as an assistant choreographer.

Release
Six Weeks was released on December 17, 1982, in the United States, where it opened in tenth place and grossed $6.7 million.

Reception

The film was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, one for Dudley Moore for Best Score and one for Katherine Healy as Best New Female Star of the Year. However, Mary Tyler Moore's performance earned a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress. Roger Ebert later named it one of the worst films of 1982. Gene Siskel however, liked the film, praising the performances from the leads and its go-for-broke sentiment.  Ebert later related a story in which Siskel admitted that his review was influenced by his wife's pregnancy.

References

Further reading

External links

1982 films
1980s Christmas drama films
American drama films
American Christmas films
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films
Universal Pictures films
Films produced by Jon Peters
Films produced by Peter Guber
1982 drama films
Films directed by Tony Bill
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
Films about disability in the United States

Six Weeks


Harold Ray Bradley (January 2, 1926 – January 31, 2019) was an American guitarist and entrepreneur, who played on many country, rock and pop recordings and produced numerous TV variety shows and movie soundtracks. Having started as a session musician in the 1940s, he was a part of the Nashville A-Team of session players, which included pianist Floyd Cramer and pedal steel guitarist Pete Drake. He is one of the most recorded guitarists in music history.

Early life
Bradley was born in Nashville, Tennessee, one of six children of Vernon Bradley and Letha Maie Owen in January 1926. As a child, he played tenor banjo but switched to guitar on the advice of his elder brother, record producer Owen. Owen arranged for Harold to tour with Ernest Tubb as lead guitarist in his band, The Texas Troubadours, while Harold was still in high school. After graduation, Harold joined the Navy in 1944 and was discharged in 1946, after which he attended George Peabody College (now a part of Vanderbilt University) in Nashville, studying music while accompanying Eddy Arnold and Bradley Kincaid at the Grand Ole Opry. His first session was with Pee Wee King and the Golden West Cowboys in Chicago in 1946. His debut in Nashville was four years later in 1950.

Career
In 1954, Owen and Harold built Bradley Film and Recording Studios, later known as the Quonset Hut Studio, which was the first music industry-related business on what is now known as Music Row. Harold enjoyed frequent work as a session musician into the 1970s, performing on hundreds of albums by country stars such as Patsy Cline, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Elvis Presley and Slim Whitman. He also played bass guitar on records, initiating the "tic-tac" method of bass muting. He was a member of the Nashville A-Team, which would play for such musicians as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez and The Byrds, and was inducted into the Musician's Hall of Fame in 2007. Harold recorded three albums as a pop guitarist on Columbia Records, Misty Guitar, Guitar for Lovers Only, and Bossa Nova Goes to Nashville, in the 1960s.

From 1991 to 2008, Bradley served as the President of the Nashville chapter of the American Federation of Musicians (AFM). He was also the first President of the Nashville chapter of the Recording Academy. In 1999, he was elected as the AFM International Vice-President and served until 2010. Bradley was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2006, as his brother Owen previously had been. In 2010, Bradley was a recipient of the Trustees Award at the 52nd Grammy Awards. Bradley died at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville on January 31, 2019, twenty-nine days after his 93rd birthday. He was survived by two daughters and his wife of 66 years, Eleanor Allen Bradley. Harold's nephew Jerry, would be inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame later in 2019.

Discography

 Bossanova Goes to Nashville (Columbia, 1963)
 Misty Guitar (Columbia, 1963)
 Guitar For Lovers Only (Columbia, 1966)
 Guitar for Sentimental Lovers (Harmony, 1972)
 Everything's Easy (2016)

With Kai Winding
Modern Country (Verve, 1964)

References

External links

 Harold Ray Bradley recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.

1926 births
2019 deaths
American session musicians
American country guitarists
American male guitarists
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
Members of the Country Music Association
Military personnel from Tennessee
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Peabody College alumni
Pupils of Isidor Philipp
United States Navy sailors
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Guitarists from Tennessee
20th-century American guitarists
Country musicians from Tennessee
20th-century American male musicians

Harold Bradley (guitarist)


The Clinton–Kalamazoo Canal is a canal in Michigan that was abandoned after being only partially completed. The canal was to connect Lake St. Clair with Lake Michigan. Project backers were inspired by the success of the Erie Canal in New York, which was completed in 1825. After gaining statehood in 1837, Michigan elected its first governor, Stevens Thomson Mason, who initiated an ambitious program of internal improvements, including three railroads and two canals. On March 21, 1837, the Legislature authorized Governor Mason to contract a loan for the construction of the canal from Mt. Clemens to Rochester, a railroad from Shelby to Detroit, a railroad from Detroit across the State (the Michigan Central) and a railroad from Port Huron into the interior, to be known as the Port Huron & Grand River road. In the spring of 1838, a Board of Commissioners composed of seven men, was appointed to take charge of the canal work.

History
As the primary inland waterway into Macomb County; the Clinton River served an essential role in the early days of the Michigan Territory. Both the cities of Mt Clemens and Utica were founded (in part) based on their proximity to the Clinton River; and farmer-settlers flocking to the territory bought up land first along its shores.

Because rivers, at the time, were the only practical means of transporting goods; both Utica and Mt Clemens became important early towns. Utica, with its milling operations and neighboring farms, became an important dropping-off point for farmers looking to sell their crops.  The cargo, loaded in Utica, was sent to Mt Clemens, which was already building itself as a primary supplier to the growing City of Detroit.

First Attempt at Regulating River Traffic: The Clinton River Navigation Company

The first attempt to regulate the flow of cargo and passengers along the Clinton River came in the form of the Clinton River Navigation Company; incorporated by the Territorial Government on April 12, 1827; authorized for the purpose of removing obstructions from the Clinton river, and making such river navigable for boats from the village of Mount Clemens to Mack's lower mills (so called), in the county of Oakland."

The length of this proposed private enterprise was about thirty miles, and it was calculated that it would afford invaluable shipping facilities to a large extent of rich agricultural country.

The incorporators of this company were Nathaniel Millard, Jonathan Kearsley , Levi Cook, Charles Larned, Ellis Doty, John R. Sheldon, Christian Clemens,  Alfred Ashley, Jacob Tucker, Ignace Morass, and Joseph Hayes. The company were required, under the act of incorporation, to clear out the river to the east line of Oakland County, commencing on or before the first day of July, 1827, and when they had made it navigable for flat-bottomed boats or bateaux to the line of the county, they were to be entitled to collect toll, not exceeding fifty cents per ton for the whole distance and proportionally for less distances. When the river was made navigable as far as Mack's mill, and a good towpath constructed on one bank, the company were entitled to demand toll not exceeding seventy-five cents per ton for the whole distance and in proportion for a less distance.

Parties owning water power on the river below the east line of Oakland County were required to construct locks at every dam sufficient for the passage of the company's boats. The river above the said line was declared by the act of incorporation a public highway, but persons owning land extending across the river had the right to construct dams for water-power purposes by putting in the necessary locks, or the company could construct them at the expense of the parties owning the lands. The improvements were finally completed as far as Rochester, a portion of the State loan of five millions being appropriated to the work. Business was carried on to a small extent for a number of years, but the enterprise was never a prosperous one.

It is unknown whether this company met the requirements of its incorporation; or how long they were in operation if they succeeded.

The Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal
Following the success of the Erie Canal, and Michigan becoming a state in January 1837; several acts were passed providing for building of three railroads, and the Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal. These projects were to be financed through a $5 million loan; and payment for the loan would be funded through the states portion on future sale of public lands.
The Clinton–Kalamazoo Canal was to begin in Mount Clemens on the banks of the Clinton River and continue through Utica, Rochester, Pontiac, Howell, Hastings, and finally to the mouth of the Kalamazoo River. In all, the canal was to span 216 miles. From Pontiac westward, the canal would carry new settlers and supplies to the interior of the state and eventually connect with the "thriving" Lake Michigan port of Singapore (now a ghost town). Singapore was to ship passengers and freight to Chicago across Lake Michigan.

Construction began in 1838 with much fanfare. The groundbreaking ceremony, held on August 8, 1838 was attended by many notable residents and involved parties; with Governor Mason attending, and taking the ceremonial first shovel.

Financial troubles related to the Panic of 1837 caused funding for the canal to disappear. All construction stopped in 1843 after only 13 miles had been completed. Many workers who were unpaid destroyed parts of the canal and stole supplies. Engineering miscalculations also contributed to the canal's failure, as the canal was dug too shallow and too narrow for heavy freight barges.

About 1844, Amos Brown, of Rochester, constructed and launched a log flatboat, and collecting a party of his friends, they proceeded to celebrate the occasion by a grand ride on the canal, but when they came to the first lock, they found their craft too wide to admit of a passage. The locks were constructed of logs, and the pressure of the super-incumbent earth against their sides had sprung them in, narrowing the space considerably. A fellow who had served a term in the State prison made quite a speculation by burning some of the locks and selling the old iron.

A dam was built at Frederick across the Clinton to supply the locks, and in 1845, boats were running from Utica to Frederick. That year, the revenue to the State from canal tolls was $46.90; the next year, it was $43.44; in 1847, the income was even less, and, in 1848, the canal was in disuse.  After construction ended, the canal quickly fell into disrepair. Portions were used as a millrace to power watermills that operated until the 1940s. The canal was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The route of the canal has been marked by signs and historic markers.

Today

Remnants of the canal are still visible in Rochester Hills in Oakland County and in Shelby Township, Utica and Clinton Township in Macomb County. Much of the canal is clearly visible in parks and along Canal Road in Clinton Township. In River Bends Park multiple mountain biking and hiking trails run along the edge of the canal. The remains of the aqueduct built over the Clinton River can be seen in Yates Park, and two wood dams can be seen in the river in Canal Park and Bloomer Park. No locks are visible along the canal but the locations of a few are known.

External links
 Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal from Shelby Township Historical Committee
 Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal City of Rochester Hills Museum
 Clinton and Kalamazoo Canal & Dexter Branch from 1880 HISTORY OF LIVINGSTON COUNTY MICHIGAN
 An Economic Lesson From Michigan's Early History from the Mackinac Center for Public Policy by Burton Folsom, Jr.

References
Shelby Township Historical Committee

Canals in Michigan
Buildings and structures in Macomb County, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Oakland County, Michigan
Lake Michigan
Lake St. Clair
1830s in Michigan
1840s in Michigan
Canals on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Oakland County, Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Macomb County, Michigan
History of Michigan
1838 establishments in Michigan
1843 disestablishments in Michigan

Clinton–Kalamazoo Canal


Bateaux Mouches () are open excursion boats that provide visitors to Paris, France, with a view of the city from along the river Seine.
They also operate on Parisian canals such as Canal Saint-Martin which is partially subterranean.

The term is a registered trademark of the Compagnie des Bateaux Mouches, the most widely known operator of the boats in Paris, founded by Jean Bruel (1917–2003); however, the phrase, because of the success of the company, is used generically to refer to all such boats operating on the river within the city. Bateaux Mouches translates literally as "fly boats" ("fly" meaning the insect);  however, the name arose because they were originally manufactured in boatyards situated in the Mouche area of Lyon.

These boats are popular tourist attractions in Paris. They started with steamers at an Exhibition in 1867. Many seat several hundred people, often with an open upper deck and an enclosed lower deck; some have sliding canopies that can close to protect the open deck in inclement weather. Most boat tours include a live or recorded commentary on the sights along the river. A typical cruise lasts about one hour. Many companies offer lunch and dinner cruises as well. Most boats are equipped with lights to illuminate landmarks in the evening. The Steamers stopped running in the slow down of the Great Depression.

Since the Seine is centrally situated in Paris, a boat tour covers a great deal of the city. Both the Left Bank (Rive Gauche) and the Right Bank (Rive Droite) are visible from the boat. Passengers can see, among other sites, the Eiffel Tower; Notre-Dame Cathedral; the Alexander III Bridge, the Pont Neuf; the Orsay Museum, and the Louvre Museum. Passengers can also see Les Invalides, Napoleon's burial site.

Boat tours in Paris have flourished since World War II, and today the Compagnie des Bateaux Mouches (still the oldest company operating boat tours) has significant competition. On busy days during high season, boats constantly move up and down the river.

In Canada
A Canadian company runs a tour of the Saint Lawrence River around Montreal with a similar boat called the "Bateau-Mouche of the Old Port of Montréal".

Kingston 1000 Island Cruises, in Kingston, Ontario, Canada operates "Le Bateau Mouche II" for lunch and dinner cruises of the 1000 Islands. The vessel is referred to unofficially for marketing purposes as the "Island Star".

References

External links

Compagnie des Bateaux Mouches

Tourist attractions in Paris
Boat types
Transport in Paris

Bateaux Mouches


Anna Maria Adorni Botti (19 June 1805 – 7 February 1893), born Anna Maria Adorni before her marriage, was an Italian Roman Catholic widow who later became a professed religious in the Handmaids of the Immaculata - an order that she herself established in 1857. Botti's vocation was to the religious life and as a child believed she was destined for the missions and later as a nun of the Order of Friars Minor. After being widowed she did pastoral work in Parma where she established and ran her order until her death.

Botti was beatified on 3 October 2010 in the Parma Cathedral and the then-Archbishop Angelo Amato presided over the beatification on the behalf of Pope Benedict XVI who had approved the cause months before.

Life
Anna Maria Adorni was born in Fivizzano on 19 June 1805 to Matteo Adorni and Antonia Zanetti; she was baptized the following 23 June. At the age of seven - in 1812 - left her home with a friend to join the missions but this never materialized as she was bought back home. However the religious calling within her blossomed and she was resolved to live her life in the service of God.

At the age of fifteen in 1820 she lost her father and then moved with her mother to Parma; it was around this time that she wanted to become a nun of the Order of Friars Minor but respected the opposition of her mother in the sense that she required Adorni's aid. On 18 October 1826 she married Antonio Domenico Botti - who worked at the Parma ducal palace - and the couple had six children; five of those children died during their childhood and left a sole son Leopoldo. The latter went on to become a monk of the Order of Saint Benedict.

On 23 March 1844 her husband died and left her widowed. She began to visit prisoners and also educate street girls while roaming the streets of Parma and with a group of people who shared her ideals formed a union - known as the Institute of the Good Shepherd - that received the approval in 1847 of both the Bishop of Parma Giovanni Antonio Neuschel and the Duchess of Parma Maria Luigia; she rented an apartment for that union to use and then on 18 January 1856 made use of an old convent that the Augustinian nuns first ran. The role of that union was for its members to aid women in difficult times.

On 1 May 1857 she - alongside eight companions - established her own religious congregation. In 1859 she made her solemn vows into her own order thus making her both a professed religious and the Superior of the congregation once the Rule was drafted and approved; the order received formal approval in 1893. On 25 March 1876 the Bishop of Parma Domenico Villa granted formal approval to the establishment of the Institute of the Good Shepherd and her congregation as the Handmaids of the Immaculata. The Rule was confirmed on 28 January 1893 after receiving the approval of Villa's successor Andrea Miotti.

In 1892 her health declined and even for a brief period confined her to her bed. She died in 1893.

Beatification
The beatification process commenced on 29 February 1940 in a diocesan process in the Diocese of Parma - the beginning of the process granted her the posthumous title of Servant of God - and saw the accumulation of her writings and a thorough investigation of her life and her work. The process concluded on 5 April 1943 in Parma thus concluding the first process. The decree on her writings - to evaluate if her writings adhered to Church teachings but also to further investigate her life - was approved on 3 December 1944.

This process took place despite the fact that the Congregation of Rites - under Pope Pius XII - did not grant formal approval to the beatification cause until 11 January 1952. Following this a second process opened in Parma that spanned from 25 March 1953 until 10 March 1956; this process and the one prior were validated on 30 October 1959.

After an intensive investigation led in Rome she was proclaimed to be Venerable on 6 February 1978 after Pope Paul VI recognized the fact that she had lived a model Christian life of heroic virtue and exercised both the cardinal virtues and the theological virtues.

The miracle required for her beatification was investigated in the diocese of its origins in two separate processes: the first one spanned from 29 February 1940 and closed on 5 April 1943 - this occurred on a concurrent level to the first diocesan process. The second process on the healing was from 5 March 1953 until 10 March 1956 when the second diocesan process closed. It wasn't until several decades later on 19 June 2006 that the Congregation for the Causes of Saints ratified those two processes and began their own investigation in Rome.

On 27 March 2010 her beatification was granted approval after Pope Benedict XVI determined that the healing was indeed a legitimate miracle. Archbishop Angelo Amato - on the behalf of the pope - presided over the beatification on 3 October 2010 in the Parma Cathedral.

The current postulator assigned to the cause is Father Guglielmo Camera.

References

External links
Hagiography Circle
Saints SQPN
Beata Anna Maria Adorni

1805 births
1893 deaths
19th-century venerated Christians
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Italian beatified people
People from the Province of Massa-Carrara

Anna Maria Adorni Botti


A tambour desk is  a desk with desktop-based drawers and pigeonholes, in a way resembling bureau à gradin.  The small drawers and nooks are covered, when required, by reeded or slatted shutters, tambours, which usually retract in the two sides, left and right.  It is a flatter and "sideways" version of the rolltop desk.

Unlike the rolltop desk, the tambour desk uses straight, perfectly vertical rows of shutters, and the work surface rests on a few drawers, which in turn are supported by short legs instead of pedestals.  In addition, half of the desktop folds back on itself when not in use.  The desktop is supported by sliders, like a secretary desk or a slant top desk when it is unfolded.

The tambour desk is an antique form indigenous to the United States of America and should not be confused with the British tambour writing table.

See also
List of desk forms and types.

References
Gloag, John. A Complete Dictionary of Furniture.  Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook Press, 1991.

External links

Desks
History of furniture

Tambour desk


Blood Lake is a 2006 American pornographic horror film directed by C.L. Gregory, and written by Erin Gilmer. A sequel, with the tentative title of The Foundation: Blood Lake 2, was announced in 2005.

Plot
A septet of friends (Andy, Roger, Tricia, Max, Nell, Charlotte and Nicole) travel to a cluster of lakeside cabins, where they unearth a "blood book" that tells the story of Preacher Jacob, a priest who took over the nearby town's congregation in 1896. Jacob had his followers commit mass suicide under the belief that he could resurrect them as a new, perfect race enlightened by their deaths. Max and Nell go off to have sex, but before they do so Max skims the blood book and reads an incantation aloud, summoning the homicidal spirit of Preacher Jacob.

The first of the group to be killed is Roger, who Preacher Jacob axes in the back. The preacher then captures Nicole, ties her to a tree, and hacks her to death with the axe. Next, Sam is garroted with a rope, while Nell has her throat slit in the shower. Tricia realizes what is going on, and tries to get help from Andy and Charlotte, but the two are kept sealed in their cabin by a supernatural force, which relents after Tricia flees at the sight of Preacher Jacob. Andy and Charlotte decide to barricade themselves in the cabin until sunrise, and pass the time by having sex.

Later, Charlotte goes to wake Andy up, but finds Preacher Jacob in his bed. The undead holy man kills her, then goes after the wounded Andy (who has the blood book) and Tricia. Jacob chases Andy and Tricia to a dock, strangles Andy, and is seemingly destroyed when Tricia sets the blood book on fire. Tricia gets in one of the cars and drives away, but as she leaves the campgrounds, Preacher Jacob appears in the vehicle, and attacks her.

Cast

 C.J. Summers as Charlotte
 Tyler Houston as Tricia
 Sandy Simmers as Nicole
 India Summer as Nell
 Johnny Depth as Roger
 Dick Chibbles as Max
 Bobby Banger as Andy
 Dan Holmes as Preacher Jacob

Reception

Max Schwartz of AVN gave Blood Lake a 3/5, calling the sex scenes passable, and noting that the film suffered from an incoherent script, sloppy editing, painful acting, and dull dialogue. X Critic, which awarded a 0.5 out of 5, labeled Blood Lake "one of the worst hardcore releases in recent years" and opined that it felt "half completed, over edited and devoid of anything that makes terror and twat the least bit interesting". The same score was given to the film by Adult DVD Talk, which condemned Blood Lake as a "tedious viewing experience" in which "the photography is terrible, the editing is laughably inept, and the acting is as non existent as the gore".

[re]Search my Trash's Mike Haberfelner similarly condemned Blood Lake, writing, "Basically, this is hardcore porn and slasher movie rolled into one - and at least on paper that seems a good idea as slasher movies often use sexual allusions anyways, so why not just make the sex explicit? Unfortunately, Blood Lake doesn't quite function that way, as the sex scenes don't seem to be properly integrated into the plot, are pretty much just self-serving, too run-of-the-mill and invariably break up the narrative tension rather than contribute to it (that said, the girls are hot at least). Plus, on a narrative level, the film is full of non-sequiturs, and one fails to actually feel for the characters as they all lack depth or at least distinction. Now personally I'm all for narrative porn, but with this one one just wishes someone had tried to piece together an actual story than just throw genre mainstays at bland characters".

References

External links

2006 direct-to-video films
American ghost films
American slasher films
American direct-to-video films
2006 horror films
2006 films
American supernatural horror films
Films shot in Kentucky
Religious horror films
2000s pornographic films
Pornographic horror films
American pornographic films
Direct-to-video horror films
Backwoods slasher films
Supernatural slasher films
2006 directorial debut films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Blood Lake


Marina Bay, Singapore is a waterfront in Singapore's central region. The bay area was created by reclaiming the land around the body of water in front of Collyer Quay to form Marina Centre, Marina East, and Marina South.

Marina Bay includes Gardens by the Bay, the Marina Bay Sands, Marina Bay Financial Centre, Asia Square, The Sail @ Marina Bay, and Marina One. As an important focus area for the Urban Development Authority of Singapore, Marina Bay has become Singapore's new downtown for the 21st century.

Early History
Marina Bay was once just a body of water where ships docked so passengers could transfer to smaller boats to be transported to Johnston's Pier (replaced. by Clifford Pier in 1933). Cargo ships too big to enter the Singapore River also stopped in the bay to unload their goods onto lighters (also known as bumboats) for transfer to the godowns along the river bank.

References

Singapore
Tourism
Bays

Marina Bay, Singapore


Ned Jarrett (born October 12, 1932) is an American retired race car driver and broadcaster. He is a two-time NASCAR Grand National Series champion. Because of his calm demeanor, he became known as "Gentleman Ned Jarrett". He is the father of former drivers Glenn Jarrett and Dale Jarrett.

Racing career
Jarrett was introduced to cars early in life: his father let him drive the family car to church on Sunday mornings when he was nine years old. Jarrett started working for his father in the sawmill by the time he was 12, but a racing career was what he truly wanted to pursue.

Ned drove in his first race in 1952 at Hickory Motor Speedway (North Carolina). He drove a Sportsman Series Ford that he co-owned with his brother-in-law, John Lence and finished tenth.  This did not go over well with his father.  His father told him he could work on cars but not drive them. Once, John was sick for a race and asked Jarrett to fill in for him. Jarrett used his brother-in-law's name and came in second in that race. That worked out so smoothly that Jarrett drove in a few more races under the assumed name John Lence but was finally caught by his father after winning a race. His father told him if he was going to drive to at least use his own name.

Jarrett raced in his first Grand National Series race in the 1953 Southern 500 at Darlington Speedway. He was out after 10 laps after the engine leaked oil.

Jarrett was the 1955 track champion at Hickory Motor Speedway.

Jarrett came in second driving in the Sportsman Series in 1956, and won the 1957 and 1958 championships.

In 1959, he was looking to pursue a career in the Grand National Series. He purchased a Junior Johnson Ford for $2,000. He did not have enough money to cover the check, so he waited until the bank closed to write the check, entered two races, and won them both to cover the cost of his car.

In 1960, he won five races, before winning the 1961 Grand National championship with 22 top-five finishes and 34 top-ten finishes out of 46 races, with one win.

One indicator of the personal character of "Gentleman Ned" Jarrett is demonstrated by the decision to sell his 1961 (raced as No. 11) Chevrolet to Wendell Scott (the first NASCAR African American driver) who travelled from his Virginia home to Jarrett's shop on West "A" Street in Newton, NC, to take delivery of the Chevy Bel Air (raced the previous season) when Jarrett changed to Fords in 1962. Scott hauled the old blue coupe away on the back of an open trailer. Bobby Isaac frequented the shop on West A Street during this period when Bud Alman was the crew chief assisted by mechanic "John Carl" Ervin. Ervin later became crew chief to Jarrett and the No. 11 Fords.

Jarrett was once overheard talking with Alman and  Ervin about the need to "run all the races" to win the championship. Schedules in those days sometimes included more than one race per week. Among the unique tracks of the early era was Bowman Gray Stadium in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, which was actually the area around the football field inside the Bowman Gray Stadium. The race schedule was difficult. The race teams were smaller, often having only one or two paid members. For example, Jarrett required significant effort in order to prepare for the 1963 Daytona 500 race when the latest "fastback" body was introduced by Ford. Alman and Ervin removed (air-chiseled) most of the body from a 1962 Ford "fatback" dirt car. Next, the two air-chiseled the new body from a 1963 fastback and fitted it onto the old body and chassis. This hybrid body  became the car Jarrett drove to third in the "fastback Ford" sweep (top five positions) at Daytona that year.

In 1964, Jarrett joined team owner Bondy Long and with the support of Ford won 15 times (one of which was with Charles Robinson) but lost the championship to Richard Petty. Jarrett picked up his first superspeedway win, at Atlanta Motor Speedway.

In 1965, Jarrett became a star when he won 13 races and another Grand National championship. He placed among the top five in 42 of the 54 races that he ran.

The 1965 Southern 500 at Darlington Raceway was one of the wildest races in NASCAR history. Rookie driver Buren Skeen died after two cars ran into the side of his car in the early laps. Sam McQuagg was leading the race, when Cale Yarborough tried to muscle past McQuagg for the lead. Yarborough flew over the guardrail, rolled around six times, and ended up at the end of the parking lot by a light post. Yarborough waved to the crowd as he walked back to the pits. A video clip of the wreck was used on ABC's Wide World of Sports for several years. With 44 laps left, Fred Lorenzen and Darel Dieringer were fighting for the lead far ahead of Jarrett. Lorenzen's motor expired, and even before he could get into the pits Dieringer's motor started smoking too. Dieringer continued at a slower pace to finish third. The race was won by Jarrett by 14 laps and 2 car lengths or 19.25 miles, which is the farthest margin of victory in NASCAR history (in terms of miles). Jarrett won the season's final race at Dog Track Speedway to clinch the championship; it ended up being his final NASCAR win.

In 1966, Jarrett raced in only 21 of 49 races, achieving eight top ten finishes. When Ford announced that they were withdrawing from NASCAR, Jarrett decided that it was time to retire at the age of 34. Jarrett is the only driver to retire as the NASCAR champion.

Ervin remained as a crew chief to the Jarrett family for years. Ervin later would become crew chief for Dale Jarrett in the No. 32 Busch car owned by DAJ racing.

Jarrett left racing and dealt in real estate and other business ventures before coming back to racing as a broadcaster. He also was the track promoter for Hickory Motor Speedway.

Racing announcer
In the early 1960s, Ned began a radio program on WNNC in Newton, North Carolina. His taped show was replayed and locally sponsored, in part by station owner Earl Holder, who gave him both a taping facility and recording studio time for a moderate rate to fill in local programming. It is believed by some that this radio station, WNNC, where Dr. Jerry Punch also began his career on the local high school radio station staff in 1965, was probably the beginning of Jarrett's radio career. Jarrett would sometimes record more than one radio show at a time in order to facilitate the distance required to compete in what was then the "Grand National" circuit of NASCAR.

Jarrett gives much credit to his taking a Dale Carnegie class for his success as a broadcaster and in life.

Later, in 1978, Jarrett became a radio broadcaster for MRN Radio. He interviewed U.S. President Ronald Reagan live at the 1984 Firecracker 400 at Daytona International Speedway, the race famous as Richard Petty's 200th win. Jarrett also hosted a daily radio program about racing on MRN Radio called "Ned Jarrett's World of Racing" until May 15, 2009, when he announced he would retire from the program. Joe Moore became its new host the following Monday, May 18.

Jarrett was a television broadcaster on CBS, first as a pit reporter from 1979 to 1984, and later as color analyst from 1984 to 2000; he was also color analyst on ESPN from 1988 to 2000. He called several of NASCAR's more memorable television moments. He called his son Dale's first victory (in his 129th race) in the 1991 Champion Spark Plug 400 at the Michigan International Speedway. Dale banged Davey Allison's fender at the finish line in what was then the closest finish in NASCAR history. Another famous moment was when he called Dale's victory at the 1993 Daytona 500, breaking impartiality and openly siding with his son on the last lap and coaching him home to victory over Dale Earnhardt. Embarrassed by his show of favoritism, he tried to apologize to Earnhardt after the race, but Earnhardt merely smiled and said, "I'm a father, too."

In addition, Jarrett was a host for the original Inside Winston Cup Racing on TNN and NASCAR Tech on FSN.

On May 26, 2007 Ned returned to the booth to call the Carquest Auto Parts 300 Busch race alongside Andy Petree, Jerry Punch, and his son, 1999 Cup Champ, Dale Jarrett.

In 2015, as part of Darlington returning to its traditional Labor Day weekend, a throwback weekend was formed. As part of the throwback weekend, Ned Jarrett, along with his son Dale Jarrett and Ken Squier, called part of the 66th annual Southern 500. The team was reunited for part of the broadcast of the Southern 500  race in 2016 and 2017.

Awards
As of 2004, Jarrett had been inducted in 12 motorsports and sports Halls of Fame.

He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1997.

On October 13, 2010, Jarrett was selected to be inducted into the NASCAR Hall of Fame as one of the 5 NASCAR Hall of Fame inductees of the 2011 class.

He was inducted into the 2011 class of the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23, 2011.

Head of racing family
Ned is the father of Dale Jarrett, who earned his lone NASCAR championship in 1999 and currently is a race broadcaster for NBC Sports. Ned and Dale became the second father-son combination to win Cup championships (after Lee Petty and Richard Petty). Ned has spotted for Dale in the past. Ned's other son is Glenn Jarrett, who was a sporadic Busch Series driver and had a few Cup Series starts in the 1980s. Glenn now covers UHF television as a race broadcaster. Ned also has a daughter Patti. Patti is married to Jimmy Makar, who worked with Dale Jarrett for three years at Joe Gibbs Racing, and won the 2000 championship as crew chief for Bobby Labonte. Dale's son Jason Jarrett also had a few Busch and Cup starts, with wins in the ARCA Re/Max Series.

Personal life
Ned was the son of Homer Keith Jarrett (1908–1983) and his wife, Eoline Marie (nee Leatherman) (1910–2002). They were married February 8, 1928 in Gaffney, South Carolina.

Ned married first Olene Rebecca Proctor (1933–2014) on January 14, 1950 in Cherokee County, South Carolina. Together they had Glenn Ned Jarrett (b. August 11, 1950). They would divorce some time between then and 1956. Olene would marry again. Ned would also marry again, this time on February 18, 1956 in Catawba County, North Carolina to Martha Ruth Bowman (1931–2023). They remained married until her death and had two children, Dale Arnold Jarrett (b. November 26, 1956) and Patricia Dawn Jarrett (b. August 31, 1959).

Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led. ** – All laps led.)

Grand National Series

Daytona 500

References

External links

International Motorsports Hall of Fame
Oceanside Rotary Club of Daytona Beach Hall of Fame
Transcript of Jarrett's July 4, 1984 interview of President Ronald Reagan on MRN Radio
Talladega Walk of Fame
Account of the 1965 Southern 500
Biography

Living people
1932 births
People from Conover, North Carolina
Racing drivers from North Carolina
Motorsport announcers
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR Cup Series champions
American Lutherans
International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees
Jarrett family
American radio sports announcers
American television sports announcers
NASCAR Hall of Fame inductees

Ned Jarrett


Constitution of Nepal 2015 () is the present governing Constitution of Nepal.
Nepal is governed according to the Constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015, replacing the Interim Constitution of 2007. The constitution of Nepal is divided into 35 parts, 308 Articles and 9 Schedules.

The Constitution was drafted by the Second Constituent Assembly following the failure of the First Constituent Assembly to produce a constitution in its mandated period after the devastating earthquake in April 2015.  The constitution was endorsed by 90% of the total legislators. Out of 598 Constituent Assembly members, 538 voted in favour of the constitution while 60 people voted against it, including a few Terai-based political parties which refrained from the voting process.

Its institutions were put in place in 2010 and 2018 through a series of direct and indirect elections in all governing levels.

History
The Interim Constitution provided for a Constituent Assembly, which was charged with writing Nepal's temporary constitution.  Under the terms of the Interim Constitution, the new constitution was to be promulgated by 28 April 2010, but the Constituent Assembly postponed the promulgation by a year because of disagreements. On 25 May 2011, the Supreme Court of Nepal ruled that the 2010 extension of the Interim Constitution was not right. Since 29 May 2011 the Constituent Assembly repeatedly extended the Interim Constitution.

On 28 May 2012, the Constituent Assembly was dissolved after it failed to finish the constitution after the latest extension, ending four years of constitution drafting and leaving the country in a legal vacuum.
New elections were held on 19 November 2013 to the Second Nepalese Constituent Assembly and political leaders pledged to draft a new constitution within a year. The new assembly expressly committed that the new constitution would be promulgated on 22 January 2015. However, due to continued differences on key issues including system of governance, judicial system and federation issues like number, name and areas of the states to be carved, the constitution could not be finalized and promulgated in time.

Features
The constitution is largely written in gender-neutral terms. Some of the important aspects of the constitution include the following.

1)              Internalizationof the people's sovereign right and right to autonomy and self-rule, while maintaining freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity, national unity, independence and dignity of Nepal.

2)              Commitment to competitive multi-party democratic governance system, civil liberties, fundamental rights, human rights, adult franchise, periodic elections, complete press freedom, independent, impartial and competent judiciary and the concept of rule of law and build a prosperous nation.

3)              Resolution to a just society with protection and promotion of social and cultural solidarity, co-existence, harmony, and unity in diversity, while  ending all forms of discrimination and oppression,and recalling sacrifice made from time to time by people for national interest, democracy, progressive change the glorious history.

4)              Constitution as the fundamental law of Nepal, and every person bound to observe it.

5)              Nepal as an independent, indivisible, sovereign, secular, inclusive, democratic, socialismoriented, federal democratic republican state.

6)              Safeguarding of the independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, nationality, freedom, dignity of Nepal and of the rights of the Nepalese people, border security, economic wellbeing and prosperity as the fundamental tenets of national interest; andany conduct and act contrary to national interest being punishable.

7)              Nepali language in the Devnagari script asthe official language of Nepal and all languages spoken as the mother tongues in Nepal being the languages of the nation.

8)              The Government of Nepal (GoN),within one year of the commencement of the Constitution, is to constitute a Language Commission with a chairperson and members comprising representation of the States.

9)              The Language Commission is to recommendGoN on determination of the criteria to be fulfilled for the recognition of the official language, measures to be adopted for the protection, promotion and development of languages, the levels of development of mother tongues on the potentiality of their use in education.

10)          No citizen of Nepal is to be deprived of the right to obtain citizenship.

11)          Provision of single federal citizenship with State identity.

12)          Right of person acquiring citizenship by descent to obtain the citizenship certificate with gender identity by the name of his or her mother or father.

13)          Provision of the non-residential citizenship of Nepal for a person, who has acquired the citizenship of a foreign country, has resided in a country other than a SAARC member state, and who or whose father or mother, grandfather or grandmother was previously a Nepalese citizen by descent or birth but subsequently acquired a foreign citizenship, thereby entitling such person to economic, social and cultural rights in accordance with the Federal law.

14)          Various civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights guaranteed as fundamental rights: rights to life with dignity, freedom, equality, communication, justice, property, freedom of religion, information, privacy,  language and culture,  employment, labor,  clean environment, education , health care, food, housing,social justice, social security and constitutional remedy, rights against exploitation, torture, preventive detention, untouchability and discrimination and exile, and rights of women, children,  Dalits, senior citizens, consumers and victim of crime.

15)          The State being bound to provide for legislative measures as required within three years of the commencement of the Constitution for implementation of these rights.

16)          Provision of affirmative action for the protection, empowerment or development of the citizens including the socially or culturally backward women, Dalit, indigenous, indigenous nationalities, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslim, oppressed class, Pichhada class, minorities, the marginalized, farmers, labours, youths, children, senior citizens, gender and sexual minorities, persons with disabilities, pregnant persons, incapacitated or helpless, backward region and economically indigent Khas Arya.

17)          Duties of citizens to safeguard the nationality, sovereignty and integrity of Nepal being loyal to the nation, abide by the Constitution and law, render compulsory service as and when the State so requires, and protect and promote public and national property.

18)          The State's political objective is to enhance freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Nepal by mutual cooperative federalism and incorporating the principle of proportional participation in the system of governance on the basis of local autonomy and decentralization.

19)          The State's social and cultural objective is to consolidate the national unity by maintaining social cohesion, solidarity and harmony, while recognizing cultural diversity and its economic objective is to develop a socialism-oriented independent and prosperous economy.

20)          Stipulation of policies regarding national unity and national security, political and governance system of State, social, and cultural transformation, economy, industry and commerce, agriculture and land reforms, development, protection, promotion and use of natural resources, basic needs of the citizens, labour and employment, social justice and inclusion, justice and penal system, tourism and international relations.

21)          The State being obliged to make a prosperous and affluent country by  protecting and promoting fundamental rights and human rights, pursuing directive principles of the State and gradually implementing policies of the State keeping intact the freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Nepal.

22)          GoNis to submit to the President an annual report containing the steps taken and achievements made in the implementation of the directives principles, policies and obligations of the state.

23)          Main structure of Nepal being of three levels namely, Federation, State and Local.

24)          Formation of Seven States in the State level and their names and capitals to be determined by two- third majority of the concerned State Assembly.

25)          The legislative power of the Local level to be vested in the Village Assembly and Municipal Assembly.

26)          Exclusive and concurrent powers of the Federation, State and Local levels being enumerated in the Schedules, with the residual power being vested in the Federation.

27)          President, the head of Nepal, is to be elected by an electoral college, consisting of members of the Federal Parliament and the State Assemblies.

28)          The President and the Vice-President to be of different sex or community.

29)          A person already elected twice as the President being disqualified to become a candidate for the President.

30)          A multi-party, competitive, federal democratic republican parliamentary system based on plurality being the form of government.

31)          The executive power of Nepal being vested in the Council of Ministers in accordance with the Constitution and law.

32)          The President is to appoint the parliamentary party leader of the political party with the majority in the House of Representatives as the Prime Minister, and a Council of Ministers to be formed in his/her chairpersonship.

33)          The Federal Council of Ministers not to exceed 25 Ministers including the Prime Minister.

34)          A person defeated in the election to the then House of Representatives not to be qualified to be appointed as Minister during the term of such House of Representatives.

35)          No-confidence motion not to be moved until first two years of appointment of the Prime Minister and the member proposed for Prime Minister is also to be mentioned in such motion.

36)          Federal Legislature consisting of two Houses to be known as the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, called as the Federal Parliament.

37)          The House of Representatives consisting of 275 members: 165 members elected through the first-past-the-post electoral system, and 110 members through proportional representation electoral system.

38)          In nominating candidates by political parties for election to the House of Representatives under the proportional electoral system, representation is to be ensured on the basis of a closed list also from women, Dalit, indigenous peoples, Khas Arya, Madhesi, Tharu, Muslims and backward regions, on the basis of population, also making geographical and territorial balance.

39)          At least one third of the total number of members elected from each political party representing in the Federal Parliament are to be women.

40)          The National Assembly, as a permanent House, consisting of 59 members with eight members, including at least three women, elected from each State with 56 in total, and three members, including at least one woman, are to be nominated by the President on recommendation of GoN.

41)          Election is to be so held that there is one woman out of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives and one woman out of the Chairperson and the Vice-Chairperson of the National Assembly.

42)          Provision of an independent, competent and unitary nature of judiciary in Nepal.

43)          Three tiers of courts: The Supreme Court; one High Court in each State and one District Court in each district.

44)          The Supreme Court is to consist of a maximum of 20 Judges in addition to the Chief Justice.

45)          Provision of one Constitutional Bench, in the Supreme Court, consisting of five judges of the Supreme Court including the Chief Justice.

46)          Each High Court to consist of such number of Judges, in addition to the Chief Judge, as provided by the Federal law.

47)          Provision for formation of other specialized courts, judicial bodies or tribunals to try and settle specific types and nature of cases.

48)          Any criminal offence involving imprisonment for a term of more than one year not to be under the jurisdiction of a body other than a court, specialized court, military court or judicial body.

49)          Provision of form of government in the States similar to that in the Federation.

50)          Provision of a Chief of State in each State, as a representative ofGoN being appointed by the President.

51)          A leader of the parliamentary party commanding a majority in the State Assembly to be appointed by the Chief of  State as the Chief Minister, and the State Council of Ministers to be  constituted under his or her chairpersonship.

52)          The State Council of Ministers not to exceed 20 percent of the total number of members of the State Assembly, including the Chief Minister.

53)          No-confidence motion not to be presented until two years of appointment of the Chief Minister, and the name of the member proposed for Chief Minister is to be mentioned in the no-confidence motion.

54)          Provision of unicameral legislature in a State called as the State Assembly.

55)          Each State Assembly consists of members in a number that is twice as many as the number of members elected to the House of Representatives from the concerned State, through the first past the post electoral system,considered as to be 60 percent, and the rest 40 percent members to be elected through the proportional electoral system.

56)          The executive power of the Local level being vested in the Village and Municipal Executive.

57)          Each Village Executive is to consist of a Chairperson, Vice- chairperson, Ward Chairperson, four women members and two members from the Dalit or minority communities elected by Village Assembly.

58)          Each Municipal Executive is to consist of a Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Ward Chairpersons, five women members and three members from the Dalit or minority communities elected by Municipal Assembly.

59)          The District Assembly being responsible for coordination between the Village Bodies and Municipalities within the district.

60)          The District Assembly consisting of Chairpersons and Vice-Chairpersons of the Village Executives, and Mayors and Deputy Mayors of the Municipal Executives within the district.

61)          The District Assembly is to elect the District Coordination Committee consisting of a maximum of nine Members including one Chief, one Deputy Chief, at least three women and at least one Dalit or minority.

62)          Each Village Body is to consist of one Village Assembly consisting of the Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of the Village Executive, Ward Chairpersons and four persons elected from each Ward.

63)          Provision for representation of at least two women from each ward in the Village Assembly.

64)          Each Municipal Assembly is to consist of the Mayor and Deputy Mayor of the Municipal Executive, Ward Chairpersons and four persons elected from each Ward.

65)          Provision for representation of at least two women from each ward in the Municipal Assembly.

66)          The Federal law is to be applicable to the whole of, or, if required, to any part of Nepal and a State law applicable to the whole of, or as required, to any part of the territory of the State.

67)          The relation between the Federation, State and Local level is to be based upon principles of cooperation, coexistence and coordination.

68)          A State is to render assistance in the execution of legal provisions or judicial and administrative decisions or orders of another State.

69)          Provision of a State to exchange information and consult with another State on matters of common concern and interest, coordinate each other on their activities and legislations and extend mutual assistance.

70)          A State is to provide, in accordance with its State law, equal security, treatment and facility to residents of another State.

71)          The Federal Parliament is to make necessary laws in order to maintain coordination between the Federation, State and Local level.

72)          Prohibition on obstruction to the carriage of goods or extension of services in State or Local levels or by a State or Local level to another State or Local level or on levying of  tax, fee or charge thereon or on making any kind of discrimination on the carriage or extension of such services or goods.

73)          An Inter-State Council is to be formed to settle disputes of political nature between the Federation and State and among the States, consisting of the Prime Minister as its Chairperson and Home Minister, Finance Minister and Chief Ministers of the respective States as its members.

74)          Provision of Various Constitutional Commissions:  National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission, National Women Commission, National Dalit Commission, National Inclusion Commission, Indigenous Nationalities Commission, Madhesi Commission, Tharu Commission and Muslim Commission, in addition to already existing Commissions: Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Auditor General, Public Service Commission, Election Commission and National Human Rights Commission.

75)          No amendment is to be made to the Constitution in manner to be prejudicial to the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence of Nepal and sovereignty vested in the people.

76)          In the case of a Bill on Amendment of Constitution being related with alteration in the borders or power of anyS tate, the Speaker or the Chairperson of the concerned House is to send that Bill to the State Assembly for its consent, within thirty days after its introduction in the Federal Parliament and such Bill only to be submitted in the Federal Parliament if approved by majority in the State Assembly.

77)          A Bill to amend or repeal any Article of this Constitution introduced in either House of the Federal Parliament is to be published for information to the general public within thirty days of its introduction in that House.

78)          A person having the citizenship of Nepal by descent only qualified to be elected, nominated or appointed  as President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Chief of State, Chief Minister, Speaker of a State Assembly and chief of a security body.

79)          A citizen of Nepal having a foreign permanent residence permit not being qualified for election, nomination or appointment to an office to be elected, nominated or appointed.

80)          Appointments to offices of Constitutional Organs and Bodies and Nepalese ambassadors, and special emissaries are to be made on the basis of the principle of inclusion.

81)          Power to make treaties or agreements being vested in the Federation, in making a treaty or agreement on a matter within the list of State, GoN is to consult the concerned State.

82)          Power of a State Council of Ministers, with the consent ofGoN, to may make contractual agreements on financial and industrial matters.

83)          The capital of Nepal to be situated in Kathmandu; the capital of a State is to be decided by  two-thirds majority of the concerned State Assembly and until that decision, the business of a State is to be conducted through the place as specified by the Government of Nepal.

84)          Ipso facto conversion of the Constituent Assembly existing at the time of commencement of the Constitution into the Legislature-Parliament after its commencement, and the term of such Legislature-Parliament is to exist until 7 Magh 2074.

85)          Continuation of services of Judges working in the courts and officials of the Constitutional bodies, existing at the time of commencement of the Constitution.

Preamble
The preamble of the constitution of Nepal states the follows:

In English:
"We, the Sovereign People of Nepal,

internalizing the people's sovereign right and right to autonomy and self-rule, while maintaining freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity, national unity, independence and dignity of Nepal,

recalling the glorious history of historic people's movements, armed conflict, dedication and sacrifice undertaken by the Nepalese people at times for the interest of the nation, democracy and progressive changes, and respecting for the martyrs and disappeared and victim citizens,

ending all forms of discrimination and oppression created by the feudalistic, autocratic, centralized, unitary system of governance, protecting and promoting social and cultural solidarity, tolerance and harmony, and unity in diversity by recognizing the multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi-cultural and diverse regional characteristics, resolving to build an egalitarian society founded on the proportional inclusive and participatory principles in order to ensure economic equality, prosperity and social justice, by eliminating discrimination based on class, caste, region, language, religion and gender and all forms of caste-based untouchability, and

being committed to socialism based on democratic norms and values including the people's competitive multi-party democratic system of governance, civil liberties, fundamental rights, human rights, adult franchise, periodic elections, full freedom of the press, and independent, impartial and competent judiciary and concept of the rule of law, and build a prosperous nation,

do hereby pass and promulgate this Constitution, through the Constituent Assembly, in order to fulfill the aspirations for sustainable peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the federal, democratic, republican, system of governance."

In Nepali:
" हामी सार्वभौमसत्तासम्पन्न नेपाली जनता;

नेपालको स्वतन्त्रता, सार्वभौमिकता, भौगोलिक अखण्डता, राष्ट्रिय एकता, स्वाधीनता र स्वाभिमानलाई अक्षुण्ण राखी जनताको सार्वभौम अधिकार, स्वायत्तता र स्वशासनको अधिकारलाई आत्मसात् गर्दै;

राष्ट्रहित, लोकतन्त्र र अग्रगामी परिवर्तनका लागि नेपाली जनताले पटक– पटक गर्दै आएका ऐतिहासिक जन आन्दोलन, सशस्त्र संघर्ष, त्याग र बलिदानको गौरवपूर्ण इतिहासलाई स्मरण एवं शहीदहरू तथा बेपत्ता र पीडित नागरिकहरूलाई सम्मान गर्दै;

सामन्ती, निरंकुश, केन्द्रीकृत र एकात्मक राज्यव्यवस्थाले सृजना गरेका सबै प्रकारका विभेद र उत्पीडनको अन्त्य गर्दै;

बहुजातीय, बहुभाषिक, बहुधार्मिक, बहुसांस्कृतिक तथा भौगोलिक विविधतायुक्त विशेषतालाई आत्मसात् गरी विविधताबीचको एकता, सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक ऐक्यबद्धता, सहिष्णुता र सद्भावलाई संरक्षण एवं प्रवर्धन गर्दै; वर्गीय, जातीय, क्षेत्रीय, भाषिक, धार्मिक, लैंगिक विभेद र सबै प्रकारका जातीय छुवाछूतको अन्त्य गरी आर्थिक समानता, समृद्धि र सामाजिक न्याय सुनिश्चित गर्न समानुपातिक समावेशी र सहभागितामूलक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा समतामूलक समाजको निर्माण गर्ने संकल्प गर्दै;

जनताको प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली, नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, मौलिक अधिकार, मानव अधिकार, बालिग मताधिकार, आवधिक निर्वाचन, पूर्ण प्रेस स्वतन्त्रता तथा स्वतन्त्र, निष्पक्ष र सक्षम न्यायपालिका र कानूनी राज्यको अवधारणा लगायतका लोकतान्त्रिक मूल्य र मान्यतामा आधारित समाजवादप्रति प्रतिबद्ध रही समृद्ध राष्ट्र निर्माण गर्न;

संघीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रात्मक शासन व्यवस्थाको माध्यमद्वारा दिगो शान्ति, सुशासन, विकास र समृद्धिको आकांक्षा पूरा गर्न संविधान सभाबाट पारित गरी यो संविधान जारी गर्दछौं । "

Previous Constitutions of Nepal
In the 68-year history of constitutional development up to this Constitution, Nepal experienced 6 different constitutions in different time periods, with previous constitutions being enacted in 1948, 1951, 1959, 1962, 1990, and 2007.

The Nepal Government Act 1948
In 2004 Bikram Sambat, the Government of Nepal Act was enacted. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the country had been a monarchy where the prime ministers, from the Rana dynasty, had sweeping control over the affairs of the state. The 1948 (Common Era) document introduced limited democratic elements, but the experiment was not successful due to the misgivings of the Rana rulers to give away power. This constitution was declared on 26 January 1948 by PM Padma Shumsher. The constitution was formed under the chairmanship of Padma Shumsher and three Indian Scholars had helped him to prepare this document. The three Indian Scholars who contributed during its writing were Prakash Gupta, Raghunath Singh and Ram Ugra Singh. It consisted of 6 parts, 68 articles and 1 schedule.

Nepal Interim Government Act 1951
The Interim Government of Nepal Act 1951 was promulgated after the Revolution of 1951 at the end of the Rana period. This text strengthened the authority of the king, and introduced relevant reforms such as the creation of the Supreme Court and the inclusion of fundamental rights and socio-economic goals to be pursued by the state. This constitution was promulgated on 11 April 1951 by King Tribhuwan. It consisted of 7 parts, 73 articles and 1 schedule.

Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1959

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1959 followed the previously mentioned interim text. Despite the establishment of a bicameral parliament, the king continued to hold important powers such as the prerogative to appoint half of the members of the Senate and the suspension of parliament under certain circumstances. This constitution was drafted under the chairmanship of Bhagawati Pd Singh. The constitution drafting commission included members like Surya Pd Upadhyaya, Ranabir Subba, Hari Prashad Joshi. Sir Ivor Jennings was an advisor in this committee. This constitution was promulgated on 12 February 1959. It consisted of 10 parts, 77 articles and 3 schedules.

Constitution of Nepal 1962

The democratic experiment was short-lived, as in 1962 a new constitution came in to eliminate political parties, and to introduce the panchayat system. In this model, panchayats were councils organized at the local level, presumably to ensure the representation of citizens. However, the king exercised much stronger authority than in the 1959 regime and could modify the constitution or suspend it in case of emergency. This constitution was promulgated on 16 December 1962 by King Mahendra. It consisted of 20 parts, 97 articles and 6 schedules.

Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1990

In 1990, the first Jana Andolan, Popular Revolt, brought multi-party democracy back to Nepal. The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal, 1990 lifted the ban on political parties, described a democratic representative system where the authority of the king was curtailed, and enshrined fundamental rights. Although the 1990 constitution substantially increased the democratic character of the state in comparison with the Panchayat Regime, critiques have argued that this text did not adequately represent all sectors of society even though Nepal was a multi-cultural country where diverse social groups coexist. This constitution was promulgated on 9 November 1990 by King Birendra. It consisted of 23 parts, 133 articles and 3 schedules. This constitution was repealed by the current constitution of Nepal.

The Interim constitution of Nepal, 2007
Again following the 2007 democracy movement in Nepal, The Interim constitution of Nepal was promulgated in 2007. This constitution was promulgated on 15 January 2007. It consisted of 25 parts, 167 articles and 4 schedules. It has articles on citizenship, fundamental rights, responsibilities, directive principles and policies of the State, the Executive, Legislature-Parliament, the Constituent Assembly, the legislative procedure, the financial procedure, the Judiciary, the Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, the Auditor General, the Public Service Commission, the Election Commission, the National Human Rights Commission, the Attorney General, structure of State and local self-governance, political parties, emergency powers, provisions regarding the army, amendment of the Constitution and transitional provisions.

Parts
The Constitution has 35 parts:

 Preliminary
 Citizenship
 Fundamental Rights and Duties
 Directive Principles, Policies, and Responsibilities of the State
 Structure of State and Distribution of State Power
 President and Vice-president
 Federal Executive
 Federal Legislature
 Federal Legislative Procedure
 Federal Financial Procedures
 Judiciary
 Attorney General
 Provincial Executive
 Provincial Legislature
 Provincial Legislative Procedure
 Financial Procedures of Province
 Local Executive
 Local Legislature
 Local Financial Procedure
 Interrelationship between the Federation, Provinces and Local Levels
 Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority
 Auditor General
 Public Service Commission
 Election Commission
 National Human Rights Commission
 National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission
 Other Commissions
 Provision regarding National Security
 Provision relating to Political Parties
 Emergency Power
 Amendment of the Constitution
 Miscellaneous
 Transitional Provisions
 Definitions and Interpretations
 Short title, Commencement and Repeal

Citizenship Provisions

The conditions to be fulfilled to be a Nepalese Citizen are outlined below (Copied from Section 11, Part 2, Constitution of Nepal, 2015) (final)

(1) The persons who have acquired citizenship of Nepal at the commencement of this Constitution and the persons who are eligible to acquire citizenship of Nepal under this Part shall be deemed to be the citizens of Nepal.

(2) The following persons who have their permanent domicile in Nepal shall be deemed to be citizens of Nepal by descent:-

 A person who has acquired the citizenship of Nepal by descent before the commencement of this constitution.
 Any person whose father or mother was a citizen of Nepal at the birth of such a person.

(3) A child of a citizen who has acquired citizenship of Nepal by birth before the commencement of this Constitution shall, if his/her father and mother both are the citizens of Nepal, shall be entitled to Nepali citizenship by descent upon his/her attaining the age of maturity.

(4) Every child found in Nepal whereabouts of whose paternity and maternity is not known shall, until the mother or father is traced, be deemed a citizen of Nepal by descent.

(5) A person born to a Nepali citizen mother and having his/her domicile in Nepal but whose father is not traced, shall be conferred the Nepali citizenship by descent.

Provided that in case his/her father is found to be a foreigner, the citizenship of such a person shall be converted to naturalized citizenship according to the Federal law.

(6) If a foreign woman married to a Nepali citizen so wishes, she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for in a Federal law.

(7) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Article, in case of a person born to Nepali woman citizen married to a foreign citizen, he/she may acquire naturalized citizenship of Nepal as provided for by a Federal law if he/she is having the permanent domicile in Nepal and he/she has not acquired citizenship of the foreign country.

Provided that if his/her father and mother both are the citizen of Nepal at the time of acquisition of the citizenship, he/she, if born in Nepal, may acquire citizenship by descent.

(8) Except provided for in this Article, Government of Nepal may confer naturalized citizenship of Nepal according to Federal law.

(9) Government of Nepal may confer honorary citizenship according to Federal law.

(10) In case any area is annexed into Nepal by merger, the persons having domicile in such area shall be citizens of Nepal subject to a Federal law.

Fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution (Part 3)
There are 31 fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution of Nepal in part -3 (Fundamental Rights and Duties). They are
 Right to Live with Dignity (Article 16)
 Right to Freedom (Article 17)
 Right to Equality (Article 18)
 Right to Communication (Article 19)
 Rights relating to Justice (Article 20)
 Right of Victim of Crime (Article 21)
 Right against Torture (Article 22)
 Right against Preventive Detention (Article 23)
 Right against Untouchability and Discrimination (Article 24)
 Right relating to Property (Article 25)
 Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 26)
 Right to Information (Article 27)
 Right to Privacy (Article 28)
 Right against Exploitation (Article 29)
 Right to Clean Environment (Article 30)
 Right relating to Education (Article 31)
 Right to Language and Culture (Article 32)
 Right to Employment (Article 33)
 Right to Labour (Article 34)
 Right relating to Health (Article 35)
 Right relating to Food (Article 36)
 Right to Housing (Article 37)
 Rights of Women (Article 38)
 Rights of the Child (Article 39)
 Rights of Dalit (Article 40)
 Rights of Senior Citizens (Article 41)
 Right to Social Justice (Article 42)
 Right to Social Security (Article 43)
 Right of the Consumer (Article 44)
 Right against Exile (Article 45)
 Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 46)

Constitutional Organs
The constitutional organs of Nepal form Part 21-27:

 Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority (CIAA)  (Part 21)
 Office of the Auditor General (Part 22)
 Public Service Commission (Part 23)
 Election Commission (Part 24)
 National Human Rights Commission (Part 25)
 National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (Part 26)
 Other Commissions (Part 27) :
 National Women Commission
 National Dalit Commission
 National Inclusion Commission
 National Aborigines Commission
 Madhesi Commission
 Tharu Commission
 Muslim Commission

Schedules
The Constitution has 9 schedules:

	Nepali National Flag
 National Anthem of Nepal
	Coat of Arms of Nepal
	Provinces and Districts within provinces
	List of Federal Powers/Jurisdiction
	List of Provincial Powers/Jurisdiction
	List of Concurrent (federal and provincial) powers/jurisdiction
	List of Powers/Jurisdiction for Local Level
	List of Concurrent Powers/Jurisdiction for Federation, Province and Local Level

See also

Constitutional economics
Constitutionalism
2015 Nepal blockade

References

Further reading
 BBC News. Why is Nepal's new constitution controversial?. 19 September 2015.

External links
 Constitution of Nepal 2072 B.S
 Constituent Assembly of Nepal
  – in Kathmandu has a wide range of news and other information about the constitution-drafting process, in English and Nepali.
 Theology at the heart of Nepal's constitutional crisis – Lapido Media 26/05/2010

 Final Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007) – in English and Nepali at worldstatesmen.org
 Final Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2007) – at the Nepalese Supreme Court

  – by Ellingson, T., Himalayan Research Bulletin, the University of Texas, Vol. XI, Nos. 1–3, 1991.

Government of Nepal
Provisional constitutions
Nepal
2015 establishments in Nepal
Constituent Assembly of Nepal

Constitution of Nepal


Nguyen Charlie is an American gag-a-day comic strip that appeared during the Vietnam War in the Pacific edition of the United States Army military newspaper Stars and Stripes from 1966 to 1974. It was created by Corky Trinidad, an award-winning Philippines-born editorial cartoonist for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin from 1969 until his death in 2009.

Concept and characters

Its title hero is a dedicated (if less than heroic) Nget Cong (as Trinidad calls them) who shares the battlefields of South Vietnam with his American counterparts, everyone having a common interest: survival. The comic strip is non political and both sides are treated equally. No one dies in Nguyen Charlie's war. The cast of characters includes Nguyen Charlie's comrades and their leader (Comrade Commander), as well as the members of a U. S. infantry platoon. Non-combatants are seldom seen, the notorious "mammie-san" who does the GIs' laundry being an exception. Nguyen Charlie was an immediate hit with the GIs and each day's entry was eagerly awaited.

Background

Trinidad created the comic strip in 1966, when he was still living in the Philippines, and Nguyen Charlie first appeared in the Philippines Herald. It was then carried briefly by the Saigon Post, before being picked up by the Stars and Stripes. Trinidad said, "Americans have always been known for their sense of humor, their ability to joke during a crisis, to laugh at themselves during trouble. The Vietnam War was unpopular ... because it was one war where the U.S. was not laughing." Trinidad made two trips to South Vietnam to ensure accuracy, and was always careful not to let politics play a part in the comic strip.

List of publications

Three softcover books compiling the Nguyen Charlie daily strips were published:
 Nguyen Charlie (1969)
 Sorry 'Bout That, Sarge (1970)
 Not In This War, Charlie! (1970).

A fourth softcover book of reprints titled Nguyen Charlie Encores followed in 1985 (Arthouse Books, ).

References

External links
 Nguyen Charlie on the Patrol Craft Fast veterans website
 Nguyen Charlie on website of 170th Assault Helicopter Company veterans
 Nguyen Charlie on The Patriot Files

American comic strips
1966 comics debuts
1974 comics endings
Comics characters introduced in 1966
Comics set during the Vietnam War
Fictional soldiers
Fictional Vietnamese people
Gag-a-day comics
Male characters in comics

Nguyen Charlie


Deceit (Italian: Inganno) is a 1952 Italian melodrama film directed by Guido Brignone and starring Gabriele Ferzetti, Nadia Gray and Tina Lattanzi. The film's sets were designed by the art director Piero Filippone. It was partly shot on location around Trieste.

Plot
Anna is a policewoman, member of the female section of the Civil Police of the Free Territory of Trieste, she marries Andrea, a doctor with an unclear past but already during the honeymoon begins to have doubts especially after the chance meeting with a former lover of his. Back at work Anna has to investigate this adventurer who seems to be involved not only in drug trafficking but also in the white trade.

Andrea is also involved in the investigation and is suspected of complicity, for this reason Anna decides to separate. Andrea, having failed every attempt to reconcile her, wants to go abroad and also asks for help from her ex-lover but then refuses to collaborate with her precisely because he does not want his wife's suspicions to become certainties.

Meanwhile, Anna discovers she is pregnant and she would like to leave the police to form a family with Andrea but the man is killed by the mother of a girl who underwent an abortion and then died.

Cast
 Gabriele Ferzetti as Andrea Vannini
 Nadia Gray as Anna Comin
 Tina Lattanzi as Ispettrice di polizia Rosasco
 Bice Valori as Giustine
 Lia Orlandini as  Signora Comin
 Bianca Doria as Signora Casardi
 Wilma Pagis as Baronessa Monica d'Erlange
 Giovanna Galletti as  Marta
 Mirko Ellis as Commissario Costa
 Leo Garavaglia as Matteo Casardi
 Tina Pica as  Cecchia inferma
 Bruna Corrà as	Silvia
 Heinz Moog as Rassuna, complice della baronessa
 Pietro Tordi as L'altro complice della baronessa
 Rosita Pisano as La signora litigiosa
 Italia Marchesini as 	Signora Bedini
 Carlo Giuffrè as 	Un corteggiatore di Giustina
 Renato Malavasi as 	Il cameriere dell'hotel
 Mario Castellani as 	Ubriaco al night-club
 Maria Zanoli as 	La padrona della pensione
 Mimmo Palmara as 	Un uomo in canottiera
 Michele Malaspina as 	Il sovrinntendente della polizia
 Vittorio Kramer as 	Tenente della finanza
 Lili Cerasoli as Luisa, la ragazza morente per aborto
 Rossana Galli as Ragazza alla festa
 Pietro Carloni as Un commissario di polizia
 Mimmo Poli as Un cliente della trattoria

References

Bibliography
 Chiti, Roberto & Poppi, Roberto. Dizionario del cinema italiano: Dal 1945 al 1959. Gremese Editore, 1991.

External links

1952 films
1950s Italian-language films
Films directed by Guido Brignone
Italian drama films
1952 drama films
Melodrama films
Italian black-and-white films
1950s Italian films

Deceit (1952 film)


Bouillon Chartier, or simply Chartier, is a "bouillon" restaurant in Paris founded in 1896, located in the 9th arrondissement and classified as a monument historique since 1989.

History
The restaurant was created in 1896 by two brothers, Frédéric and Camille Chartier, in a building resembling a railway station concourse.
The long Belle Époque dining room has a high ceiling supported by large columns which allows for a mezzanine, where service is also provided.

It opened with the name "Le Bouillon" (lit. broth, or stock, but in this context, a type of brasserie; originally a cheap workers' eatery that served stew), near the Grands Boulevards, the Hôtel Drouot, the Musée Grévin, and the Palais de la Bourse. The restaurant has had only four owners since opening.

Service
The restaurant is open 365 days a year with a menu offering traditional French cuisine. The table service is provided by waiting staff dressed in the traditional rondin, a tight-fitting black waistcoat with multiple pockets and a long white apron.

The restaurant's popularity leads to lines in the courtyard or under the porch and sometimes on the sidewalk outside. Tables are shared between strangers. The bill is written directly on the disposable paper tablecloth at the end of the meal. Serving stops at 11:30 PM.

In popular culture
 The restaurant is mentioned in Albert Willemetz's 1939 song "Félicie aussi", sung by Fernandel.
 In Les beaux quartiers, Louis Aragon mentioned Le bouillon Chartier: the young medical student character Edmond Barbentane has lunch there regularly.

See also
 List of tourist attractions in Paris

Notes

External links

Restaurants in Paris
Buildings and structures in the 9th arrondissement of Paris
Tourist attractions in Paris
19th century in France
1896 establishments in France
Restaurants established in 1896
Belle Époque

Bouillon Chartier


Ray Reyes León (March 13, 1970 – April 30, 2021) was a Puerto Rican singer who was a member of the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo.

Career
He was born in New York City and was raised in Levittown, a neighborhood in Toa Baja, Puerto Rico, the son of Ramon Reyes and Carmen Leon. He became a member of Menudo in early 1983. Reyes came to substitute Xavier Serbiá in the band, and joined the band right in the middle of Menudo's golden era.

Reyes amassed great popularity among Menudo fans, although he was known as the chubby one of the band. That nickname was started because, when he joined Menudo, Edgardo Diaz put him on a strict diet. That information was leaked out to all gossip magazines, who published the information immediately.

Ray's first album with Menudo was 1983's A Todo Rock, where he sang lead vocals on "Si Tu No Estas", "Chicle De Amor", and "Zumbador". He continued through the time when Menudo had the number 1 hit Indianapolis from the same album and when Menudo started making it to the covers of Tiger Beat and other major teen magazines, and also when Menudo became famous in Brazil, the Philippines, and Japan.

His next 3 albums recorded as a member of the band were all recorded in 1984. Reaching Out was the first one of '84 and the band's first album in English. Ray sang lead vocals on "That's What You Do". Mania was the second album of '84 and the band's first album in Portuguese. Ray sang lead vocals on "Quero Ser". Evolución was the third album of '84, it was also the last album recorded in 1984. Ray sang lead vocals on "Persecución" and "Yo No Fui". It was also Ray's last album recorded as a member of Menudo.

Ray was forced to leave the band after only 2 years in the group due to a sudden growth spurt. In 1986, the solo album Una Y Otra Vez was released in Spanish and the album Minha Musica in Portuguese. In 1988, he joined former Menudos Rene Farrait and Johnny Lozada in Proyecto M, once again substituting Serbiá. Proyecto M went on to enjoy great success in Puerto Rico and Venezuela.

In 1997 he came up with the idea of doing an ex Menudos' concert and reunited 6 of the golden era with former Menudo bandmates Miguel Cancel, Ricky Melendez, Charlie Massó and Johnny Lozada as well as Farrait for a single concert named El Reencuentro in the Roberto Clemente Coliseum (12,000 capacity) in San Juan. The concert did so well, that they finished doing 7 shows in two weekends and then went on a worldwide tour. They also had the record of most performances in that coliseum with 11 concerts. He produced their gold-certified live album El Reencuentro: 15 Años Después released by Fonovisa Records.

Personal life
Ray Reyes married twice and had a son, Marcos Reyes, and a daughter, Cecilia Reyes. His father, Rey Reyes Sr., ran several successful business ventures. His younger brother Raul Reyes, who was his lifetime musical collaborator, also participated by recording backing vocals, helping the group in several TV Commercials, Menudo TV Specials and the record productions, A Todo Rock, Menudo Mania, Reaching Out, and Evolucion as well with Proyecto M & El Reencuentro productions. He had a career as lead singer of Puerto Rican rock band Radio Pirata.

Death
On April 30, 2021, Ray Reyes died in Puerto Rico. Reyes was the second member of Menudo to die; Anthony Galindo, the first, preceded him by six months. Reyes died of a massive heart attack.

Discography

With Menudo
 A Todo Rock (1983)
 Reaching Out (1984)
 Mania (1984)
 Evolución (1984)

As a solo artist
 Una Y Otra Vez (1986) (in Spanish)
 Minha Musica (1986) (in Portuguese)

With Proyecto M
 Proyecto M 2 (1989)
 Arde que me quemas (1991)
 Si No Estás   Conmigo (1993)

References

External links

 "Billboard Latin Music Conference Celebrates 10 Years" Billboard Magazine May 8, 1999, page 70

1970 births
2021 deaths
Menudo (band) members
Singers from New York City
People from Toa Baja, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican musicians

Ray Reyes


HiBuR ("connection" in Hebrew) is a voluntary student program. HiBuR's main purpose is to forge connections between students of the Israel Institute of Technology (Technion) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by offering joint educational activities and practical experiences at both universities.

Academic Exchange
Student Exchange – One of Hibur's current endeavors is to establish a program that provides students the opportunity to study abroad.  This experience will enable students to:
Globalize their educational experience
Enhance academic opportunities that may otherwise be limited or unavailable
Establish professional and career opportunities through networking
Improve language skills and cultural understanding
Experience personal growth

Internships
Hibur's internship program offers students the chance to live, study and work in a foreign country. Internship departments in Boston and Haifa strive to find the best match for the students when placing them in corporate and academic environments in Israel and the United States.

As a result of faculty and student interest MISTI   decided to create MISTI Israel  in the Summer of 2008.

The Haifa Department, with the collaboration of MISTI Israel, helped find internships for MIT students in Haifa-based high-tech companies and Technion campus laboratories,

Technion-MIT Activities
Hibur's joint educational activities including video lectures, workshops, delegations, and various enrichment and higher learning opportunities, form an integral part of the program.

Video Lecture – Throughout the academic year, Technion and MIT researchers give online, dynamic lectures in real-time about the latest research in their fields of expertise.  The video lectures are available to the greater student body and do not require prior background knowledge.

Teaching Assistant Workshops – Every year, MIT conducts a workshop focusing on improving the quality of academic classes. These workshops are geared to teaching assistants and professors alike.  In the past, Hibur organized online workshops in which Technion teaching assistants and professors exchanged ideas and information with their MIT counterparts

Delegations – Every year Hibur sends an Academic delegation of approximately eight to fifteen students to the Technion and MIT to exchange ideas, knowledge, and perspectives with students at the visited campus.  This delegation provides a great resource for students to swap information regarding their universities, native countries and ongoing research projects.

BizTEC & 100K – The Technion holds a yearly entrepreneur competition called BizTEC.  The ten finalists of BizTEC then have the opportunity to compete in the equivalent entrepreneur competition at MIT, The MIT 100K.Entrepreneureship Competition.  In order to compete, participating groups must have at least one representative from the university that holds the competition.  Hibur's programs offer students from the Technion and MIT the opportunity to connect and form groups that can work well and participate together in competitions at both universities.

Joint Academic Projects – Hibur's online platform unites students from the Technion and MIT who would like to collaborate on final projects within similar disciplines.  Students can perform research, write, and exchange information through Hibur's website. Hibur also assists with the logistics involved in connecting researchers with students from each university and building joint intercontinental projects.

MathWorks – Hibur has implemented a preparation course, which has helped hundreds of students, in Matlab for the Technion pre-university refresher program. Matlab, developed by MathWorks Inc., is a technical computing software program used by engineers and scientists.

References

Student exchange
Massachusetts Institute of Technology student life
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Israel–United States relations

Hibur


Francis Patrick "Frank" Walker (born 10 September 1933) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played for Perth Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL), and also represented Western Australia.

He was educated at Aquinas College in Salter Point, where he was mentored in football by Jerry Dolan. He was also playing club football for South Perth under East Perth great Mick Cronin.

Walker trained with East Perth in 1951, even attending a trip to Collie with them and playing a scratch match against South Fremantle. He was living with his grandparents in South Perth, whilst his father was living in Cannington. South Perth was within the recruiting boundary of Perth, whilst Cannington was unallocated, East Perth tried to sign him up as living with his father, they sent the request off amongst other paperwork, hoping the address anomaly would go unnoticed. Mistakenly sent early, Perth officials obtained it.

Jack O'Dea of Perth signed Walker just before the start of the 1952 season. He played two games in the seconds before making his debut against West Perth.

He won the best and fairest for Perth in 1955 and 1956, runner-up in his last full season in 1963. He topped the club's goal kicking in 1953, his record of 410 goals one of the highest on Perth's all-time goalkickers list.

He made his debut for Western Australia against Victoria at the MCG in 1955, kicking two of their three goals for the game. He represented Western Australia ten times.

In 1961, he was assistant coach to Bob Miller. Miller was sacked early in the season, Walker was elevated to the coaching position, but on the insistence of the club, he was a non-playing coach, meaning Walker did not play until 1962, when he was made assistant to Ern Henfry. In 1964, Walker retired after 226 games.

He was nicknamed "Dickie" because his father and grandfather were also named Frank.

References

 Footy Goss: Where are they now? Frank Dickie Walker

1933 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Perth Football Club players
Perth Football Club coaches
People educated at Aquinas College, Perth
West Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees

Frank Walker (Australian rules footballer)


A balloon is a bag that is usually filled with gas. This gas can be helium, hydrogen, or air.

Throughout the 19th century, balloons were made out of animal bladders. Nowadays, balloons are made from a thin and stretchy material like rubber or plastic. Big balloons are made from fabric.

Balloons are used for many purposes.

Most small balloons are made for parties or hiccup cures. These balloons are sometimes made to look like animals.

Some balloons are very big. Big balloons are used for people to fly into the sky. Big balloons are called aircraft.  Most balloon aircraft are filled with hot air. They are called hot air balloons.

Balloons can also be filled with water. They are called "water balloons".  Water balloons are a kind of toy, best known for its use of water balloon fights.

Related pages

Balloon (aircraft)

Aircraft
Toys
1823

Balloon


Nordek (in Swedish:  Organisationen för nordiskt ekonomiskt samarbete. In Danish and Norwegian: Nordøk for Nordisk økonomi. In Finnish: Pohjoismaiden talousalue) was a planned organisation for Nordic economic cooperation similar to the European Economic Community EEC, based on a proposal in 1968 by Danish Prime Minister Hilmar Baunsgaard. A treaty was negotiated to establish the new organisation, to be headquartered in Malmö, Sweden. Ultimately, Finland did not ratify the treaty due to its relationship with the Soviet Union.  Then Denmark joined EEC and  Sweden, Norway, Iceland signed a bilateral free trade treaty with the EEC.

See also
Nordic Council

Further reading

 Jónsson, Guðmundur. 2009. "On the Sidelines: Iceland and the Nordek Negotiations, 1968–1970." in Between Nordic Ideology, Economic Interests and Political Reality: New Perspectives on Nordek, 159–167. Helsinki: Finnish Society of Science and Lettres.
 Claes Wiklund, "The Zig-Zag Course of the Nordek Negotiations," Scandinavian Political Studies 5 (1970)

External links

Europe: A Nordic Common Market TIME16 May 1969
A Nordic Union (That Wasn't) European Tribune, 30 March 2008
3 Die Nordek-Verhandlungen (in German) Jan Stampehl: "Ist Finnland ein nordisches Land?" Der Nordek-Prozess 1968–70 als Fallstudie

Nordic countries
Cancelled projects

Nordek


St John Ambulance is a group of organizations which provide first aid and emergency medicine. They work in over 40 countries, mostly in the Commonwealth of Nations.

The role of St John Ambulance varies. For example, in some parts of Australia, St John Ambulance are the main ambulance service. In most places, St John Ambulance are mostly volunteers and their role is to provide first aid at local events (e.g. sports matches, local fairs, races, etc.) and first aid training to the public.

St John Ambulance is run by its founders, the Venerable Order of Saint John. The Order is a descendant of the Knights Hospitaller of the Middle Ages. They founded the first branch of St John Ambulance in the United Kingdom in the 19th century. In 1877, the St John Ambulance Association was set up to teach first aid skills. In 1887, the St John Ambulance Brigade was founded to provide first aid at local events. These two have since been merged into the English branch of St John Ambulance.

First aiders for St John Ambulance are often seen wearing uniform. They originally had army ranks, though many now use non-military ranks instead. Some branches have cadets, for teenagers and older children.

All branches of St John Ambulance use the eight-point Maltese Cross as their logo. This symbol appears on a number of organizations descended from the Knights Hospitaller. The Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in Ireland is an example. Other similar organizations include Red Cross and Red Crescent (a worldwide movement) and St Andrew's First Aid in Scotland.

International medical and health organizations
Charities of the United Kingdom
Medical and health organisations in the United Kingdom

St John Ambulance