Bhoja II (ruled 1175–1212 CE) was a ruler in medieval India, the last of the Shilahara dynasty of Kolhapur in Maharashtra. He suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Singhana, king of the Yadava Dynasty, in 1212 CE at Umalvad. He fled and his kingdom was annexed.

Reign
He appears to have assumed the imperial titles from the beginning of his rule and was determined to retain the imperial glory won by his father. One of his own inscriptions reads; "fear of the edge of Bhoja's sword caused Cholaraja to take a spear on his head and frightened other kings; but by the favour of Maha Lakshmi, Bhoja II was worshipped by kings: he was a Vikram of the Kaliyuga".

Eclipse
There remains no trace of the family after Bhoja II. In 1213-14 CE the Devgiri-Yadava king Singhana II was in possession of the country round Mirijaya (Miraj), as is proved by his Khedrapur inscription which records his grant of the village of Kudaladamavada, the modern Kurundavad, in Mirinji country. As inscriptions of Singhana II are found at Kolhapur itself shortly after that date it would seem that Bhoja II was the last of his family, overthrown and dispossessed by Singhana II in or soon after 1209-10 CE, the commencement of Singhana's reign. One of Singhana's inscriptions speaks of him as having been "a very Garuda in putting to flight the serpent which was the mighty king Bhoja, whose habitation was Panhala (Pannala-nilara-prabala-Bhojabhnpala-vyala-vidravana-Vihatngaraja).

An inscription of Saka 1194 indicates that the first king of the Yadava dynasty, Simha, had his original seat of power near Kolhapur at Miraj while two earlier inscriptions of the kings Mahadeva and Narayana, dated Saka 1162 and 1172 respectively, refer to the temple of Maha Lakshmi at Kolhapur and the district (Desa or Visaya) of the same name.

See also
 Shilahara

References

Further reading
 Bhandarkar R. G. (1957): Early History of Deccan, Sushil Gupta (I) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta.
 Fleet, J. F. (1896): "The Dynasties of the Kanarese District of The Bombay Presidency", written for The Bombay Gazetteer.
 Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (2002): Itihaas : Prachin Kal, Khand -1 (Marathi)
 Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1960): Kolhapur District Gazetteer
 Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1964): Kolaba District Gazetteer
 Department of Gazetteer, Govt of Maharashtra (1982): Thane District Gazetteer
 A. S. Altekar (1936): The Silaharas of Western India.

External links
  Silver Coin of Shilaharas of Southern Maharashtra (Coinex 2006 - Souvenir)

Shilahara dynasty
1212 deaths
12th-century Indian monarchs
13th-century Indian monarchs

Bhoja II (Shilahara dynasty)


Frederick Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark () (22 November 1792 – 29 June 1863) was grandson of King Frederick V and heir presumptive to the throne from 1848 until his death. Had he lived five months longer, he would have outlived his nephew, King Frederick VII, and become King of Denmark.

Early life

Prince Ferdinand was born at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen on 22 November 1792 as the youngest child of Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway and Sophie Frederikke of Mecklenburg, thus being a grandson of late King Frederick V of Denmark and Norway.

His uncle King Christian VII being mentally unstable, his father had acted as regent after the fall of Johann Friedrich Struensee in 1772. But after the coup of 1784, when the king's son Crown Prince Frederick took power and regency, Hereditary Prince Frederick had been without influence at the court. However, Crown Prince Frederick being without male heirs, Hereditary Prince Frederick and his sons were in the immediate line of succession to the throne.

When Christiansborg Palace was destroyed by fire in 1794, the young Prince and his family moved to Amalienborg Palace where he was brought up, spending the summers at Sorgenfri Palace.

Marriage

Prince Ferdinand married at Frederiksberg Palace on 1 August 1829 his first cousin once removed, Princess Caroline of Denmark (1793–1881). She was the eldest daughter of the above-mentioned sonless Crown Prince Frederick, now King Frederick VI of Denmark. When Frederick VI died in 1839, because of the Salic Law Caroline did not succeed to the throne, which was inherited by the closest male relative, Ferdinand's elder brother Prince Christian Frederick.

Later life

The number of male members of the Royal House was so low in those decades that Ferdinand himself was always very close to the succession. At the death of his brother Christian VIII in 1848, the aged Ferdinand became heir presumptive.

Ferdinand died childless, which was one of the reasons why the main branch of the Danish Royal House soon became extinct, triggering the second war of Schleswig.

Ancestry

External links

 The Danish Monarchy
 http://runeberg.org/dbl/5/0127.html

1792 births
1863 deaths
Danish princes
Norwegian princes
House of Oldenburg in Denmark
Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
Burials at Roskilde Cathedral

Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Denmark


André Maginot (; 17 February 1877 – 7 January 1932) was a French civil servant, soldier and Member of Parliament. He is best known for his advocacy of the string of forts known as the Maginot Line.

Early life
Maginot was born and grew up in Paris but spent extended vacations in Revigny-sur-Ornain, the village of his forebears, which was in the part of Lorraine that had not in 1871 been annexed to Germany. After taking the civil service exam in 1897, Maginot began a career in the French bureaucracy that would last the rest of his life. He worked as the assistant of the Governor-General in Algeria until 1910, when he resigned and began his political career. He was elected to the French Chamber of Deputies that year and served as Under-Secretary of State for War prior to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

When the war began, Maginot enlisted in the army and was posted along the Lorraine front. In November 1914, Maginot, who had been promoted to sergeant for his "coolness and courage", was wounded in the leg near Verdun, and he would walk with a limp for the rest of his life. For extreme valour, he was awarded the Médaille militaire. He was also a fencer.

Development of Maginot Line
After the war, Maginot returned to the Chamber of Deputies and served in a number of government posts, including Minister of Overseas France (20 March 1917 – 12 September 1917, 11 November 1928 – 3 November 1929), Minister of Pensions starting in 1920 and Minister of War (1922–1924, 1929–1930, 1931–1932). He believed that the Treaty of Versailles did not provide France with sufficient security. He pushed for more funds for defence and grew more distrustful of Germany although few in France then wanted to think about the possibility of another war.

Maginot came to advocate building a series of defensive fortifications along the French border with Germany that would include a combination of field positions and permanent concrete forts. He was influenced in that decision by his observations of successful fortifications employed at Verdun during the war. He was also probably influenced by the destruction of his home in Revigny-sur-Ornain, which made him determined to prevent Lorraine from ever being invaded again.

In 1926 Maginot was successful in getting the government to allocate money to build several experimental sections of the defensive line. During a debate concerning the budget in 1926, André Maginot lobbied heavily for the money needed to construct the enormous line of fortifications. He was finally able to persuade Parliament to allocate 3.3 billion francs for the project (the upper house voted 274 to 26 in favor of the project a few days later).

Work on the project progressed rapidly. Maginot visited a work site in October 1930 and expressed satisfaction with the work. He was especially pleased with the work in Lorraine, site of the home where he spent his childhood, and fought for more funding for construction in that area. Maginot was the main proponent for the project, but most of the actual designs for the Maginot Line were the work of the Minister of War for most of 1926 to 1929, Paul Painlevé.

Death and legacy

Maginot never saw the line completed  since he became ill in December 1931 and died in Paris on 7 January 1932 of typhoid fever. Many people mourned him throughout France and it was only after his death that the line of defences that he had advocated came to bear his name.

During the Second World War, Germany bypassed the line by passing Panzers through hills and marshlands, which were impenetrable to tanks when Maginot had made his recommendations.

A monument in memory of Maginot was dedicated near Verdun in September 1966.

Quote
We could hardly dream of building a kind of Great Wall of France, which would in any case be far too costly. Instead we have foreseen powerful but flexible means of organizing defense, based on the dual principle of taking full advantage of the terrain and establishing a continuous line of fire everywhere.
–10 December 1929

See also
 French Third Republic

References

External links

 A biography of Maginot (Archived 2009-10-25)

1877 births
1932 deaths
Politicians from Paris
Democratic Republican Alliance politicians
Democratic and Social Action politicians
French Ministers of War
French Ministers of Overseas France
French Ministers of Pensions
Members of the 10th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 11th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Military history of France
French Army soldiers
French military personnel of World War I

André Maginot


ERC Broadband is a project of the Education and Research Consortium, a non-profit organization created to expand the technical infrastructure of Western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina. ERC Broadband manages a regional network and offers Internet connectivity, data center services (including disaster recovery), and high performance computing services. Additionally, ERC Broadband is a top tier provider of NEXRAD Level II weather data from the National Weather Service.

External links
ERC Broadband
Education and Research Consortium

Wide area networks

ERC Broadband


ABB Grain was Australia's largest agribusiness. Founded in 1939, the company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange until its takeover by Viterra in 2009. For most of its history, the company focused solely on grain accumulation and marketing, but it eventually expanded its focus to other activities, such as grain receival and storage, malting and fertilisers.ABB bought grain from all growing regions in Australia and traded in all grain commodities.

History
ABB traces its origins to the former Australian Barley Board, and due to the company's expanded operations into different areas, it demutualised to become ABB Grain on 1 July 1999. In 2004, ABB merged with the South Australian storage and handling company AusBulk and the holding company United Grower Holdings. This brought the control of the two major grain handlers, along with several of AusBulk's divisions.

Since its merger with AusBulk, ABB's supply chain has involved operations in storage and handling and logistics. This includes a significant network of silos and export shipping terminals in South Australia and the eastern states of Australia, incorporating joint ownership of Australian Bulk Alliance, or ABA, with Japanese trading company Sumitomo.

ABB's malting division, Joe White Maltings, is Australia's largest producer of malt with the capacity to produce 500,000 tonnes per annum. The eight malting plants located across Australia include the largest malthouse in the southern hemisphere, situated in Perth, Western Australia.

The company also provides rural services including fertiliser and agrichemical supply and wool and livestock activities. The latter have been supported by the acquisitions of Adelaide Wool Company, Wardle Co and Stawool in 2007.

The company also has significant operations in New Zealand focused on the trading and distribution of grains and proteins. In 2007, ABB established a joint venture in Ukraine with French malting company Soufflet to accumulate grain, manage supply chain activities and market grain.

On 19 May 2009 it was announced that ABB would be acquired by Viterra, the largest grain handler in Canada in September 2009, if voted ahead by the shareholders. The Head Office would be relocated to Regina, Saskatchewan, with the worldwide malting headquarters remaining in Adelaide. The two companies together were responsible for 37 percent of the world's exports of wheat, canola and barley.  Managing director Michael Iwaniw resigned on 28 July, and shareholders approved the merger on 9 September.

References

External links
 Joe White Maltings
 Viterra
 Soufflet

Australian companies established in 1939
Food and drink companies of Australia
Companies based in Adelaide
Food and drink companies established in 1939
Food and drink companies disestablished in 2009
Barley
Grain industry of Australia
Grain companies
Australian companies disestablished in 2009

ABB Grain


The Best Buono! is a greatest hits album by Japanese girl idol group Buono! It was released on 10 August 2010 on the label Pony Canyon.

Release
The album was released in two versions: a regular edition and a limited edition. The limited edition included an additional CD and an additional DVD.  The CD included in both editions, the regular and the limited, contains the A-sides of 8 of the 10 singles released by Buono! by that time (the ones excluded are the 4th single "Gachinko de Ikō!" and the 6th single "Co-no-Mi-chi".  The second CD included in the limited edition contains the B-sides of all 10 singles released by Buono! by that time.

Chart performance
The album debuted at number 16 in the Japanese Oricon weekly albums chart.

Track listing

Charts

References

External links
 Profile of the album on the official website of Hello! Project

Buono! albums
2010 compilation albums
Pony Canyon albums
Japanese-language albums

The Best Buono!


Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987).

Political career
He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic Party from the canton of Neuchâtel. He handed over office on 31 December 1987. After earning a law degree, he became an attorney-at-law in 1953. He began his political career as a member of the City Parliament of La Chaux-de-Fonds (1960–68), then served the Cantonal Parliament of Neuchâtel (1961–75) and was the President of the latter legislative body from  1969 until 70. Elected to the Council of States he sat in this chamber of the Federal Parliament until his election to the Federal Council in 1977. From 1974 to 1977, he belonged to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and was rapporteur for the admission of Portugal. He was the chancellor of the University of Neuchâtel from 1971 to 1977.

During his time in office, Aubert held the  portfolio of the Political Department in 1978 and from 1979 to 1987 after it was renamed to "Federal Department of Foreign Affairs". He was President of the Confederation twice: in 1983 and in 1987. He stood for a Swiss active policy in general and in the Human rights field in particular. Aubert made 55 foreign trips, 39 of which were official trips. Aubert visited four African countries and signed a declaration against apartheid in Nigeria in 1979. He was the first Swiss foreign minister to establish contacts with the PLO leadership when he received Faruk Kaddhumi in July 1980 in Bern. He led the unsuccessful campaign to join the United Nations in 1986 (only 24% of the voters were in favour).

References

External links

1927 births
2016 deaths
People from La Chaux-de-Fonds
Members of the Federal Council (Switzerland)
Foreign ministers of Switzerland
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland politicians
Swiss Protestants
Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
Commanders with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland

Pierre Aubert


Shakti Kapoor (born Sunil Kapoor; 3 September 1952) is an Indian actor and comedian who appears in Bollywood films. Known for his villainous and comic roles in Hindi films, he has featured in over 600 films. In the 1980s and 1990s, Kapoor teamed up with actor Asrani and Kader Khan as the comical or evil team in over 100 films. He was a contestant in the Indian reality show Bigg Boss in 2011.

Early life
Kapoor was born in Delhi into a Punjabi Hindu family. His father ran a clothes shop in Connaught Place, New Delhi. After a long struggle in Bollywood, Kapoor was spotted by Sunil Dutt while he was making Rocky to launch his son Sanjay Dutt. He was then cast as the antagonist in the movie. But Dutt felt that his name "Sunil Kapoor" wouldn't do justice to his villainous stint and hence, "Shakti Kapoor" was born.

Personal life
Kapoor is married to Shivangi Kapoor  (elder sister of actresses Padmini Kolhapure and Tejaswini Kolhapure) and has two children, a son Siddhanth Kapoor and a daughter Shraddha Kapoor. He resides in Juhu, Mumbai.

Career
As a struggler in Bollywood, initially Shakti Kapoor did many inconsequential roles in movies, all the while looking out for a suitable role as a leading man. He started his Bollywood journey with movie Khel Khilari Ka (starring Darmendra and Hema Malini) in 1977. The years 1980–81 established Shakti Kapoor as an actor in Bollywood with two of his movies, where he was villain – Qurbani and Rocky. In 1983, Kapoor had roles in Himmatwala and the Subhash Ghai directed movie Hero. Kapoor had played villain roles in both these movies.

In the 1990s, he often diversified to positive comic roles and performed them with equal finesse in movies like Raja Babu. He has been nominated for the Filmfare Award in the Best Comedian category and won once, for his performance as Nandu in David Dhawan's film, Raja Babu. Some of his comic roles have been as Inspector Bhinde in Insaaf, Prasad in Baap Numbri Beta Dus Numbri, Crime Master Gogo in Andaz Apna Apna, Tohfa, as Batuknath in ChaalBaaz and as Goonga in Bol Radha Bol.

Kapoor has been a reference for mimicry artistes who emulate his style and dialogues such as "Aaaooo Lolita" from the movie Tohfa, "Main Nanha sa Chotta sa Bachcha Hoon" from the movie Chaalbaaz and "Nandu sabka bandhu, samajhta nahi hai yaar" from the movie Raja Babu. Since 2000, Kapoor is a regular fixture in Priyadarshan films like Hungama, Hulchul, Chup Chup Ke, Malamaal Weekly and the Malayalam remake Bhagam Bhag. He also acted in a few Bengali films of Kolkata, Odia film and in an Assamese feature film. In 2011, he was in the reality television show Bigg Boss 5 as one of the contestants. He has appeared in the musical comedy Aasman Se Gire Khajoor Pe Atke with his sister-in-law Padmini Kolhapure. He is also the brand ambassador of Servokon.

Controversies
In March 2005, India TV released a video allegedly showing Shakti Kapoor asking for sexual favour from an undercover reporter posing as an aspiring actress, in return for entry into the film industry. He told the undercover reporter: "I want to make love to you ... kiss you" According to India TV, this was a sting operation to expose the phenomenon of casting couch prevalent in Bollywood. This incident sparked a controversy in Bollywood and Kapoor was banned by the Film & Television Producers Guild of India. Association of Indian Motion Pictures and TV Programme Producers decided not to ban him as no allegations against him were proved. One week later, however, the Film & Television Producers Guild lifted the ban.

Kapoor claimed that the video clip in question was doctored and he has been framed. He said that the undercover reporter met him several times and threatened to commit suicide if he did not come to the hotel room she had booked.

Accolades

Filmography

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
Film and Television Institute of India alumni
Indian male film actors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Indian male comedians
Male actors from Mumbai
Punjabi people
Delhi University alumni
Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants

Shakti Kapoor


The Old Headquarters Area at Devils Tower National Monument includes three structures and their surroundings, including the old headquarters building, the custodian's house, and the fire hose house. The buildings are all designed in the National Park Service Rustic style.

Funded as an Emergency Conservation Works project and built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1935, the old administration building was used as the monument's headquarters and museum until 1959. At that time, headquarters was relocated while the building continued its function as the park's primary visitor center. Today the main level of the building serves as the visitor center; the basement level has public restrooms, museum storage, interpreter's office, library, storage for search and rescue and first aid equipment and supplies, and a fuel oil furnace. The upper level, originally designed for use as a bedroom, is now used for storage and houses an evaporative cooler.

The custodian's residence was designed by the NPS Landscape Division under the direction of Chief Landscape Architect Thomas Chalmers Vint and constructed in 1931 by a private contractor, a Mr. Cummings of Deadwood, South Dakota. The building first served as the residence of the monument's second custodian, George C. Crowe. The original structure had five rooms: living room, bedroom, breakfast nook kitchen, and bathroom.

Designed by the Architect Edward A. Nickel, NPS Branch of Plans and Design, and executed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (Camp NM-1, 6th Period), the fire hose house was constructed as ECW Project #17. Work was completed by August 10, 1937, "except for shelves," according to the hand-written note on the architectural plans. The fire hose house was designed and used to house the fire hydrant and to store the monument's hose and fire fighting equipment. It has been used for that purpose since 1937.

See also
Entrance Station-Devils Tower National Monument
Entrance Road-Devils Tower National Monument
Tower Ladder-Devils Tower National Monument

References

External links

National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The Early Years
National Park Service Devils Tower First Fifty Years - The 1930s
Devils Tower Old Headquarters Area Historic District at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office

Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming
National Park Service rustic in Wyoming
Buildings and structures in Crook County, Wyoming
Civilian Conservation Corps in Wyoming
National Register of Historic Places in Devils Tower National Monument
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming

Old Headquarters Area Historic District


Sir David Anthony Poole (8 June 1938 – 18 June 2006) was an English barrister and High Court judge. He is perhaps best known for representing Eric Cantona on charges of a "flying kick" assault of an opposition spectator in 1995.

Life and career
Poole was educated at Ampleforth College, and read Classics at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1957 to 1962, being elected JCR President in 1960. He was made an honorary Fellow of the College in 1997. After a postgraduate diploma in science at UMIST, he worked in industry for some years before changing to a legal career. He was called to the Bar by Middle Temple in 1968, where he became a bencher in 1992.  He played rugby for Oxford University (though missing out on a Blue), London Irish, the Bar and the Northern Circuit.

As a barrister, he took on a mix of criminal and civil cases. He was appointed a Queen's Counsel in 1984, after which he concentrated mostly on criminal work, mainly for the prosecution.  As a lawyer for the defence, his scientific background enabled him to be at the forefront of early challenges to DNA evidence.

In March 1995, Poole was instructed to represent by Manchester United star footballer Eric Cantona when Cantona was charged with assault on an opposition supporter. Playing against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park in a Premier League match, Cantona was taunted by a spectator, Matthew Simmons. Enraged, Cantona launched a flying kick at Simmons. Brought before Croydon Magistrates' Court, Cantona was sentenced to two weeks' imprisonment, but then given bail pending an appeal and finally served 120 hours of community service.

Poole was a Crown Court Recorder from 1982 until 1995, when he was appointed as a High Court judge in the Queen's Bench Division and received the customary knighthood. He presided over several notorious trials, including that of the paedophile Sidney Cooke in 1999, and the murderer John Paul Allan in 2003.

As a result of adverse press coverage, he halted the first trial of Leeds United players Lee Bowyer and Jonathan Woodgate, and two friends, on 11 April 2001. The defendants were charged with affray and grievous bodily harm after an Asian student, Safraz Najeib, was assaulted in Leeds city centre. Poole held that an article in the Sunday Mirror created a "substantial risk" of prejudice to the trial; its editor, Colin Myler, resigned three days later.

At a retrial later that year, Woodgate was convicted and sentenced to community service, but Bowyer was acquitted. Poole never retired, continuing to work until shortly before his death in June 2006.

Affiliations
Poole chaired the Association of Lawyers for the Defence of the Unborn from 1985 to 1991. He became a bencher of Middle Temple in 1992 and was made an honorary Fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, in 1997.

Death
Poole died in 2006, aged 68, of undisclosed causes, survived by his wife, the former Pauline O'Flaherty, and their four sons William, Alex, Gareth and Simon.

References
Obituary, The Times, 14 August 2006
Obituary, Jesus College Record 2006 (Andrew Seth)

External links
The Leeds United Trial

1938 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
20th-century English judges
Knights Bachelor
Members of the Middle Temple
People educated at Ampleforth College
Queen's Bench Division judges
20th-century King's Counsel
Place of birth missing
21st-century English judges

David Poole (judge)


The Fiat Regata is an automobile produced by Italian automaker Fiat from 1983 until 1990. The Regata name was used for the sedan and station wagon versions of the Fiat Ritmo hatchback,  corresponding to the post-facelift Ritmo. The Regata was offered with a choice of three petrol and two diesel engines, although Fiat's Argentinean operations installed other engines from later Fiat models as production there continued until 1995.

Spanish builder SEAT created a similar saloon car from Ritmo underpinnings called the SEAT Málaga, but development of the two cars was carried out separately.

1983

The Regata, unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 1983, was developed from the pre facelift Ritmo (which had been known in United Kingdom and United States markets as the Fiat Strada) and utilised almost all the mechanicals, although the wheelbase was stretched slightly.  It was also aimed at a higher price point with an improved level of trim and standard equipment compared to the Ritmo/Strada upon which it was based, mirroring a trend among European manufacturers to push the sedan versions of C-segment hatchbacks more upmarket (similar to contemporaries such as the Ford Orion and Volkswagen Jetta).

A conventional four door three box design, it bore very little external resemblance to the original Ritmo, although it hinted strongly at the look of the facelift of 1982 for that car. In the Swedish market, the car was called "Regatta", as Regata was uncomfortably close to a derogatory term for an overbearing woman.

The Regatta designation was also used on South American markets, except Venezuela. The engines offered were also similar, being the 1301 cc inline four rated at  (Regata 70) and the 1498 cc model rated at  (Regata 85).

Both of these were SOHC engines. A DOHC 1585 cc inline four rated at  (Regata 100) was also available as were two SOHC diesels, a 1714 cc straight four rated at  (Regata D) and a 1929 cc version rated at  (Regata DS), the latter of which was added in 1984.

After fourteen months, diesels represented about thirty per cent of the Regatas produced. The Regata 100, as the top model, was well equipped and came with a "check panel", an early onboard computer that provided information on fuel consumption, average speed, range, optimal gear selection, etcetera.

An economy model called the "ES" ("Energy Saving") was also available, it featured an early start-stop system. It featured some detail modifications to the aerodynamics, an optimised (higher compression ratio and different valve timing) version of the 1301 cc engine rated at , an engine shut off system (when idling) and electronic ignition.

Aside from the lowest priced versions, a five speed manual transmission came as standard on the Regata.

The Regata Weekend estate was introduced in November 1984. It was available with all engines offered in the sedan, although there was no optional automatic transmission available in the Regata Weekend. The Weekend replaced the 131 Panorama, which had been kept in production alongside the Regata. The Weekend featured a folding rear bumper, enabling easier access to the load area and doubling as a seat capable of supporting  when folded down.

The suspension and brakes were uprated to cope with the extra weight. Alongside there was also a two-seater glazed van derivative called the Marengo, only available with the larger diesel engine. The Marengo made its debut at the Brussels Commercial vehicle show in the beginning of 1985.

1986

A mid-life update was carried out in April 1986, in which numerous small details were changed, most notably new doors with an altered window line. New door handles, grille, bumpers and wheel trims also featured. The rain gutters were also modified; the changes combined lowered the drag resistance from  to 0.35.

The 1,585 cc engine gained fuel injection to become the 100S i.e. (also available with a catalytic converter, losing some power and becoming the 90 i.e.) whilst a catalysed and fuel injected 1,498 cc unit powered the 75 i.e. The 85 Automatic was also replaced by the 70 Automatic with a 1.3 litre engine rated at .

The diesel powered models also changed slightly. An  1,929 cc turbodiesel engine was introduced, badged Regata Turbo DS. The 1,714 cc unit dropped in capacity to 1,697 cc but gained power to , and had reduced fuel consumption. This model was simply badged as the Regata D. The weight was also reduced slightly. Production ceased in February 1990, when the Tempra was introduced.

Sevel production

The Regata started production by Sevel in Argentina in 1985, where production continued until 1995. 56,789 were built in Argentina, with limited exports to select South American nations with lower barriers for entry such as Venezuela and Chile. As in Sweden, the car was called the Regatta in Latin America. Unlike its European sisters, the car was considered somewhat upmarket in Latin America.

The Regatta 85 received an  1.5 litre, while a 100S came with a  1.6 litre version. The 85 was available in either base or "full" versions. Along with a light facelift in November 1987, the 2000 Twincam replaced the 100S, carrying the same level of equipment but with the Croma's larger Twin Cam two-litre engine with 10 more horsepower and considerably more torque. The Regatta 85 changed names, becoming the Regatta 1.5 S (Super) and SC (Super Confort, corresponding to the earlier full version).

The new 2000 managed the 0–100 km/h sprint in 9.8 seconds and had a rear spoiler. Top speed was claimed to be .

A more thorough facelift in 1988 produced the Regatta Edición II. The engines remained the same until the 1990 model year, when both engines were replaced by the  1581 cc engine from the Fiat Tipo. Later, a cheaper 1.4 S using the 1372 cc Tipo engine, with , was added to the line up.

Production ended in 1995, as the Regata was replaced by the Tempra in Latin America as well. The Regatta Weekend (Station Wagon) was also produced in Argentina between 1986 and 1992, initially only available with the 1.5 engine. For the last three years, this was replaced with the Tipo's 1.6 litre engine.

Engines

Petrol

Diesel

Scale models
Polistil manufactured a 1/25 and a 1/41 scale diecast Regata. A 1/43 variant of this car was made by Bburago, Norev (for Hachette Fiat Story) and Elite Models.

References

Regata
Compact cars
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Sedans
Station wagons
1990s cars
Cars of Argentina
Cars introduced in 1983
Cars discontinued in 1995

Fiat Regata


Samtskhe-Javakheti () (formerly Meskheti) is a region in soothren Georgie, wi Akhaltsikhe as its caipital. Samtskhe-Javakheti comprises sax admeenistrative destricts: Akhaltsikhe, Adigeni, Aspindza, Borjomi, Akhalkalaki an Ninotsminda. Thare are 5 cities, 7 tounlets, 67 community an veelage sakrebulos (assemblies), an 258 veelages in the region. It is bordered bi Guria an Imereti tae the north, Kartli (Shida Kartli an Kvemo Kartli) tae the north-east an tae the east, Armenie an Turkey tae the sooth an Ajara tae the wast. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan ile pipeline an the Sooth Caucasus naitural gas pipeline pass throu this region.

Population
Accordin tae the 2014 census, ethnic Armenies (chiefly concentratit in Akhalkalaki an Ninotsminda districts), are the majority in the region, makin up aboot 50,5% o the population. Thay share the region wi Georgies 48,3%, Pontian Greeks an Osseties. Currently, thay are unnerrepresentit in aw spheres o public life, especially govrenment. Anerlie three o the govrenor's 26 staff members are Armenie (11 per cent). The same is true for the territorial depairtments o the various meenistries. For instance, anerlie saxteen o 82 staff members (19.5 per cent) o the tax depairtment in Samtskhe-Javakheti are Armenie. Lack o dialogue atween local Armenies an the naitional govrenment in Tbilisi adds tae perceptions o discrimination an alienation. Thare hae been demonstrations, polis brutality an killins in this region.

Expulsion o Meskhetian Turks frae Meshketi
Meskhetian Turks (or simply Meskhetians) are the umwhile Muslim indwallers o Meskheti (nou kent as Samtskhe) in Georgie, alang the border wi Turkey. Frae 15 November tae 25 November 1944, thay wur deportit in cattle-trucks tae Central Asie bi the order o Stalin an settled athin an aurie that owerlaps the bundaries o the modren naitions o Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, an Uzbekistan. The day, mony are still dispersed athort those kintras. O the 100,000 forcibly deportit, a tot o 10,000 perished.

Tourist attractions
Twa o the major tourist attractions are the cave monasteries o Vardzia (which wis foondit bi Queen Tamar in 1185) an Vanis Kvabebi (which dates frae the 8t century). Thay are locatit near the toun o Aspindza.

See an aw
 Meskhetian Turks
 Meskheti

References

Ither sources
Crisis Group Report
ICG Report

Freemit airtins
Friends at Dinner, Foes at Politics (aboot socio-economic problems o the region)
''Obstacles Impeding the Regional Integration of the Javalkheti Region , an ECMI wirkin paper (PDF format)

Regions o Georgie (kintra)

Samtskhe-Javakheti


Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service (DSFRS) is the statutory fire and rescue service covering the county of Devon and the unitary authorities of Plymouth, Torbay) and Somerset in South West England  an area of . It serves a population of 1.75million,
and is the fifth largest fire and rescue service in the United Kingdom.

Devon & Somerset Fire & Rescue Service was founded on 1 April 2007, following the merger of Devon Fire and Rescue Service with Somerset Fire and Rescue Service. The Somerset service, previously known as Somerset Fire Brigade, was formed on 1 April 1948. Devon Fire Brigade was formed in 1973, by the amalgamation of Exeter City Fire Brigade, Plymouth City Brigade and Devon County Brigade. It became Devon Fire and Rescue Service in 1987.

The main headquarters is located at Clyst St George near Exeter. Its main training centre is the Service Training Centre (STC) at Plympton fire station. It employs approximately 1,850 staff, including 578 wholetime firefighters and 36 control room staff, 930 retained firefighters and 300 non-uniformed staff.

Each county operated its own control room until 2012, but they now have a single control room at the main headquarters.

Fire stations

The fire service operates 83 fire stations and 121 fire engines, the second largest number of fire stations in the country.
The fire stations organised across six geographical groups  Barnstaple, Exeter, Plymouth, Taunton, Torquay and Yeovil.
The fire stations are crewed on a mix of wholetime, wholetime and retained, and retained duty systems.

Nineteen DSFRS fire stations are home to fire service co-responders. Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service works in partnership with South Western Ambulance Service to provide emergency medical cover to areas of Devon and Somerset. These are areas that have been identified as having a greater need for ambulance cover. The aim of a co-responder team is to preserve life until the arrival of either a rapid response vehicle (RRV) or an ambulance. Co-responder vehicles are equipped with oxygen and automatic external defibrillation (AED) equipment.
Co-responder stations have a dedicated vehicle for co-responder calls. The vehicle, known as the emergency response unit (EMS), attends in place of the fire appliance (providing there are enough crew members still on duty), allowing the fire appliance to remain available.

Station grounds

HMNB Devonport

HMNB Devonport Dockyard, in Plymouth, is home to twenty one of the Royal Navy's fleet of ships and submarines.
The dockyard falls into the station ground of Camels Head, and is backed up by Crownhill. Each part of the dockyard is divided into risk areas; this then reflects in the level of attendance by the Fire Service.

Hinkley Point

Hinkley Point is a headland on the coast of Somerset. It is the location of two nuclear power stations  Hinkley Point A, which closed in 2000, and Hinkley Point B, which ceased power generation in 2022. Hinkley Point has its own fire station, backed up by Nether Stowey and would then be backed up by Bridgwater. Hinkley Point C nuclear power station is under construction.

Fire appliances
Devon and Somerset use a variety of front-line and special appliances. Operating from 83 fire stations, it has 121 fire engines and 64 special appliances, including aerial appliances, water/foam carriers, incident command units, 4x4s and environmental protection units.

British Red Cross Fire and Emergency Support Service
The British Red Cross Fire and Emergency Support Service (FESS) helps to meet the needs of individuals who have suffered damage to their homes following a domestic property fire, flood or similar emergency. Two units operating in Devon and Somerset based at the based Plymouth Red Cross Centre and Bridgwater Fire Station are dedicated volunteers. Their role includes providing refreshments, clothing, toiletries, use of an onboard telephone, first aid, sign-posting to other organisations, support with the care of children and pets, assistance in securing temporary accommodation, transport to friends/family, and use of shower/washing and toilet facilities.

Operations
As part of the national FiReControl project, Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue's control rooms were due to switch over to a regional control centre in Taunton. Both control rooms were planned to cutover in May 2011, but the plan was formally scrapped in December 2010 by the Government.

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, DSFRS firefighters were trained to drive ambulances for South Western Ambulance Service as a relief measure should any ambulance staff fall sick to COVID-19.
, they had attended 1,700 incidents.

Performance
Every fire and rescue service in England and Wales is periodically subjected to a statutory inspection by His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS). The inspections investigate how well the service performs in each of three areas. On a scale of outstanding, good, requires improvement and inadequate, Devon and Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service was rated as follows:

Mutual assistance

The Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 gives fire services the power to assist other fire services or fire authorities in what is known as mutual assistance.

The fire services that adjoin the Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service are:
 Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service
 Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service
 Avon Fire and Rescue Service
 Exeter International Airport Fire and Rescue Service

Children and young people
Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service has a number of schemes for young people.

Fire Cadets is a programme open to young people between the ages of 12 and 16. Every week up to 14 Cadets attend their local fire station for two hours to take part in firefighter activities such as hose running, ladder climbs (SHACS), and search and rescue. The programme is currently only running from limited stations within Devon and Somerset. These are Exmouth, Frome, Ilfracombe, Plymouth, Tiverton and Wincanton.

Firebreak is a personal development scheme for Key Stage 4 pupils (ages 14–16). It provides a novel fire and rescue service themed educational diet designed to complement and enhance the school curriculum.

The Firesetter Intervention programme is designed to address firesetting behaviour amongst children and young people up to the age of 19.

Phoenix is a six-month programme, primarily designed to reduce fire risk and fire related crime within local communities by working with 'at-risk' young people between the ages of 15 and 18.

See also
Fire service in the United Kingdom
List of British firefighters killed in the line of duty

Other local emergency services
 Avon and Somerset Police
 Devon Air Ambulance
 Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance
 Devon and Cornwall Police
 South Western Ambulance Service
 Royal National Lifeboat Institution

References

External links

Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service at HMICFRS

Fire and rescue services of England
Organisations based in Somerset
Organisations based in Devon
2007 establishments in England


Diego da Silva Costa (born 7 October 1988) is a Brazilian-Spanish footballer which he last played as a striker for Atletico Madrid and the Spanish national football team.

He was born in Brazil and played for the Brazil national football team for the first time in 2013. However, he then chose to play for Spain. This made the Brazil manager, Luiz Felipe Scolari, very angry. The Brazilian Football Confederation have even asked the country's government to remove Costa's citizenship.

In March 2014, Costa changed to the Spanish national team. This was when he was granted his Spanish citizenship. He made his first appearance against Italy and represented Spain in the 2014 FIFA World Cup.

Youth career
Costa spent 2 years at Barcelona Esportivo Capela, from 2004 to 2006. After this, he then began his senior career in Portugal by joining Penafiel.

Senior Career

Penafiel (Loan)
In the same year as joining Braga, he was sent on a loan spell to Penafiel. He played  13 league games with 5 goals.

Atletico Madrid (2007–09)
In 2007, Costa joined Atletico Madrid for a fee of €1.5 million. Unfortunately, he didn't get a games due to loan spells.

Braga (Loan)
Diego Costa remained at Braga in 2007 but on a loan spell. This time, he made 7 league appearances, but he failed to score a goal. In the UEFA Cup, he scored his first goal in a domestic cup against Parma F.C.

Celta de Vigo (Loan)
He was then loaned to Celta for the 2007-08 Segunda Division season. In that season, he made an impressive 30 appearances and scored 5 goals.

Albacete (Loan)
Staying in the Segunda Division, he then joined on loan Albacete Balompie for the 2008-09 season. At this loan spell, he made 35 league appearances and 9 goals.

Valladoid
Costa was bought by Valladoid from Atletico Madrid in 2009 Transfer Window. In this 2009-10 season, he made 34 league appearances with 8 goals. But it wasn't enough to keep Valladolid in La Liga, the top division in Spain. Valladolid was eventually relegated to the Segunda División.

Return to Atletico Madrid
Costa returned to Atletico in June 2010 for an undisclosed fee. Since then, Costa has made a superb 94 league appearances and 43 league goals during his 4 year spell with the club.  In his time, he suffered with a few injuries during his time. This include his hamstring injury he suffered near to the end of the 2013-14 La Liga season.

Chelsea
On 1 July 2014, it was announced that Chelsea had agreed a fee with Atletico to sign Costa for a fee of £32 million. He made his first league appearance against Burnley in a game which he scored in for Chelsea to win 3–1.

International career
During his international career, he started with the Brazilian National Team in 2013. He only made 2 appearances with no goals. But controversy was created when Costa was granted a Spanish Citizernship in 2014. Then, Costa adopted Spain as his national side. He made his debut against Italy on the 5 March 2014, Spain won 1–0. Costa was called-up to play for Spain in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He started for both of the first two games of Spain's torlument against Holland and Chile, but was rested against Australia. Spain lost 5–1 against Holland And 2–0 against Chile. They did win 3–0 against Australia in their final group game, but it wasn't enough to keep them to progess into the knock out phases. Costa is still yet to score a goal for Spain during his time playing as a striker for the national side.

References

1988 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Spanish footballers
Chelsea F.C. players

Diego Costa


Jonny is a two-person band formed by Norman Blake of Teenage Fanclub and Euros Childs of Gorky's Zygotic Mynci.  The two bands toured together in 1997 and Blake contributed to the  Gorky's Zygotic Mynci album How I Long to Feel That Summer in My Heart (2001).

Jonny released an EP in 2006 and their debut album on Merge Records in 2011, the latter of which was recorded with Teenage Fanclub bassist Dave McGowan and BMX Bandits drummer Stuart Kidd.

The band's second album is expected to be recorded in 2015.

Discography
 Jonny (2011)

References

External links
 Merge Records page

Merge Records artists
British indie rock groups
Rock music duos

Jonny (band)


Reality Ends Here is a pervasive game developed and run by students and faculty at the USC School of Cinematic Arts incorporating elements of environmental games, card games, and alternate reality games. Taking place over the course of the fall semester, it aims to foster creativity and collaboration amongst incoming students to the School of Cinematic Arts. It also aims to develop a sense in students "that there is a secret society of media makers — the Reality Committee — watching their every move."

Overview

Reality Ends Here incorporates elements of alternate reality games for use in an educational context and uses game mechanics to foster collaboration within first-semester Freshmen at the School of Cinematic Arts.  Players are drawn in by cryptic clues in the environment, and being secretly monitored, during the pre-semester welcome week by a series of mysterious communications from the Reality Committee, a Committee made up of various students, faculty, and notable alumni. After solving a series of environmental puzzles, players discover a secret office where they are initiated by swearing an oath of DIY-media making and receive a pack of collectible game cards.

By combining sets of cards, players generate creative prompts for media-making projects known as Deals. Players must then create a film, game, image-set, live-event, or any other piece of artwork that satisfies the cards used in the Deal, submit it to the Reality Committee and justify it for points, which are tallied up on an online leaderboard. Weekly leaders are invited to spontaneous mentorship adventures with industry leaders and other notable alumni. Additional cards can be acquired through scavenger-hunt like puzzles or reaching specific points milestones.

Development
Unofficial versions of the game have been played since the school's inception, taking various forms throughout the years. Reality Ends Here was originally developed as Jeff Watson's Ph.D dissertation project, and was designed by Watson, Simon Wiscombe, and Tracy Fullerton. The project was commissioned by a committee led by professor Holly Willis at the behest of USC School of Cinematic Arts Dean Elizabeth Daley.

Reality Ends Here was run and operated by a committee of students working with Watson named the "Game Runners". 2011 was run by Anna Lotko, and 2012's Game Runners included Will Cherry, Michael Effenberger, and Sam Sandweiss. The game's 2013 run was operated by Simon Wiscombe, Kevin Wong, and Esteban Fajardo. After the game's cancellation and alleged re-emergence in 2014, it was taken over by Jesse Vigil along with anonymous students selected from the previous year's season and ran at least until 2017. It is unknown if the game is still running.

History

The first formal season of the game began in 2011. Before this, students played with rules passed down from previous years that were frequently changed or discarded. Season 1 of Reality Ends Here included 150 participants who submitted a total of 120 projects.  Though there were instances of "severe competitiveness", the game was ultimately deemed a success, leading to a second season being run the following year. The game's second season, run in 2012, generated over 190 projects created by over 170 participants. The third season broke previous records with a final count of 251 projects created by 191 players, though unlike other years, 2013 was marked by a lack of teams and instead by a core group of highly prolific creators who periodically collaborated as a large group on projects like the UNI School of Bollywood Arts, a crowdfunded transmedia franchise that is "likely the largest and most complex project to have emerged from the game."

Reception
Reality Ends Here was the recipient of the 2012 IndieCade Impact Award.

Cancellation
Reality Ends Here was cancelled in fall of 2014. However, on August 20, a group of former Reality players going by "uncncld" (an abbreviation of "un-cancelled") started a new version of the game, heavily modified from Jeff Watson's dissertation project and the game's initial rules in a return to the pre-Watson era.

References

External links
  Reality Ends Here

Alternate reality games
IndieCade winners
USC Interactive Media & Games Division

Reality Ends Here


Thank You, Mr. Moto, was originally published in serial form in the Saturday Evening Post from February 8 to March 14, 1936, this novel was first published in book form in 15 May 1936.

It is the second of six Mr. Moto novels and can also be found in the omnibus Mr. Moto's Three Aces published in 1939.

The Moto novels are spy fiction and adventure novels set in the Orient, which in the 1930s was still considered mysterious and exotic. Mr. Moto is an Imperial spy for the Japanese government and often has to deal with people who accidentally get involved in his work.

Plot summary
An expatriate American, Tom Nelson, has been living in Beiping (modern day Beijing) for some time and believes that he understands the Oriental mind. When he meets Eleanor Joyce he thinks that she is getting involved in matters way over her head when she agrees to meet with Major Jamison Best, a British ex-Army officer who sells stolen Chinese artifacts and art treasures.

After dinner with Best, Nelson tries to make sense of Best's cryptic conversation concerning a Chinese bandit chief named Wu Lo Feng and the possibility of trouble brewing in the city. On leaving dinner, he runs into Joyce whom he tries to persuade to not get involved in any scheme Best has going.  She doesn't listen to him but later he finds her wandering around outside of Best's house, distraught.

The next day Major Best is found dead, killed by a bolt from a Chinese crossbow. Mr. Moto is investigating the murder and he tells Nelson not to get involved. Nelson doesn't listen to him and goes to warn Joyce since she was the last to see Best alive. Nelson soon discovers that Moto has made Best's murder seem like a suicide.

When he returns home someone tries to kill Nelson with a Chinese crossbow. Moto arrives and Nelson thinks he is the murderer.  Cool and calm despite having a gun pointed at him, Moto once again warns Nelson not to interfere and offers him a chance to escape Peking on the next steamer. When Moto leaves, Nelson discovers that Wu Lo Feng is there ready to kill him.

After escaping, Nelson goes to Joyce's hotel to convince her to leave. She refuses and Nelson sees that she has an ancient Chinese scroll that Best mentioned and that a curio dealer, Pu had offered to him.

Nelson and Joyce take the scroll to Prince Tung, a friend of Nelson's. Nelson discovers that Joyce is a museum buyer sent to Peking to buy a set of eight ancient scrolls. Tung is shocked to discover that someone has promised all eight scrolls to Joyce since seven of them are in his private vault. The situation becomes dire when Wu's men arrive and kidnap Nelson, Joyce and Tung.  Soon after they arrive at their prison, an abandoned temple, Mr. Moto is brought in as yet another prisoner. Moto explains the situation to them.

A rival military faction in Japan believes that their country is not advancing fast enough. These militant Japanese led by Mr. Takahara have hired Wu Lo Feng to cause a military disturbance in the city.  Major Best was to raise money for the campaign by selling the eight scrolls that were stolen from Prince Tung.  Best double-crossed Wu by selling information to Mr. Moto, and so was killed.

Wu Lo Feng arrives with Takahara to finalize their plans for the uprising. Nelson, Tung and Moto are certain to be killed but are philosophical about their plight. However, Joyce makes an unexpected move and grabs Wu's gun.  They all escape after tying up Takahara and Wu. Moto organizes the police to stop the uprising and they all retire to Nelson's home. Tung admonishes Nelson for not killing Wu since he is sure to retaliate. When Moto arrives he admits that he liquidated both Takahara and Wu to guarantee everyone's safety. They all profusely thank Mr. Moto.

Characters
Tom Nelson – An American lawyer who has been living in Peking for several years.
Eleanor Joyce – An American museum buyer who had traveled to Peking to acquire a set of eight ancient silk scrolls depicting the landscape of China.
Mr. Moto – a Japanese Secret Service agent.
Prince Tung – a friend of Nelson's, who is descended from an old Manchu family.
Major Jamison Best – A British ex-military man who is in Peking to sell Chinese art and artifacts.
Wu Lo Feng – A Chinese bandit chief who, for the right price, will use his army to create chaos in Peking.
Takahara – A militant Japanese politician who wants to see Japan advance into China at a faster rate.

Themes
Marquand's Moto books are all generally about a clash of cultures between Asia and the West. In this novel, however, Nelson represents both the American and the Chinese way of thinking. Written in the first person from his point of view, Nelson admires the Chinese but is constantly reminded that he will never be part of their culture. Sometimes Nelson is praised by this Chinese friend Prince Tung for displaying the proper Chinese way of acting, and sometimes he is chastised for being too illogical, too Western. However, it was Eleanor Joyce's highly illogical action of grabbing the bandit's gun that ultimately saves their lives.

Nelson and Joyce's budding romance and the Chinese scrolls are just minor complications set against the larger backdrop of Sino-Japanese relations. Moto as a conservative member of the Japanese Government is there to see that Japan advances at a slow and reasonable rate. Takahara represents the more militant Japanese who do not mind leaving chaos in their wake.

But, the ever-polite Moto wants to maintain a balance between the old and the new. In one scene Prince Tung, representing China's past and Mr. Moto, representing its future, politely share a cup of tea. Nelson, the Western outsider, watches from a distance but doesn't participate.

Americans at the time may have been uncertain about the Japanese expansion into China but Marquand gives Moto the opportunity to defend the actions of his country:

A disturbance happens, anywhere in China, and my nation is always blamed for it. It is hard; very, very hard. Did not your own great country seize a large part of Mexico in the past century, Mr. Nelson? And what of Britain's colonizing efforts? The British Empire has always held out a helping hand to distressed and backward nations. Yet if my own poor country tries in the most altruistic way to settle even the smallest Chinese difficulty, there are notes of protest and inflammatory passages in the press.

Ultimately, however, Mr. Moto is a decent man who goes out of his way to make sure the Americans remain safe.

The historian Michael Schneider observed that Mr. Moto novels show Japanese expansionism in a light that might appeal to many Americans and Mr. Moto as a "moderate" in the spectrum of Japanese politics. Chinese culture is shown as ancient and exotic, but Schneider concludes that it is "difficult to see the novels as doing anything more than buttressing prevailing racial and ethnic stereotypes."

Reception
The novel was praised for its "vitality and vividness" and "swift action".

Film adaptation
This novel was used as the basis for the movie Thank You, Mr. Moto starring Peter Lorre and produced in 1937 by 20th Century Fox. The film is only loosely based on the novel, retaining only a few character names and very little of the overall plot.

References

External links

1936 American novels
American novels adapted into films
American spy novels
Novels set in China
Little, Brown and Company books

Thank You, Mr. Moto (novel)


Jan Å Berggren (born June 12, 1946) is a well known Swedish Real Estate  developer who co-founded Jakri AB in 1983. Berggren is best known for his pioneering  new urban village project, Jakriborg near Lund in South Sweden or Skåne County. Jan Berggren  and his younger brother and partner Krister built Jakri AB initially as a property fund. In recent years the brothers have diversified their projects across Scandinavia creating what is now one of South Sweden's most successful family run Property Funds.

Jakriborg
Jan Berggren was interviewed by Sydsvenskan in 2011 in reference to Jakriborg which was ranked in a book publishing Sweden's  100 most remarkable sights', listing Jakriborg at number 2. Berggren's project has often been compared to Poundbury which was built by Prince Charles in England. Jan Berggren is regarded as one of the pioneers of Staffanstorp through the realization of his project Jakri together with his brother Krister (Hence Jan and Krister ⁓ 'Jakri').

See also
 Jakriborg

References

Swedish businesspeople
1946 births
Living people
Real estate in Sweden

Jan Berggren


Michelle Williams may refer to different people:

 Michelle Williams (actress) - American Academy Award-nominated actress. She is best known for her parts in the movie Brokeback Mountain and the television series Dawson's Creek.
 Michelle Williams (singer) - American singer. She was a member of the group Destiny's Child.

Michelle Williams


Winchester Cathedral Choir is an internationally recognized professional choir based at Winchester Cathedral at Winchester in Hampshire. The choir currently consists of 18 boy choristers and 12 lay clerks and sings eight services weekly in the Cathedral. Additionally, 20 girl choristers  sing one service a week as well as concerts. Sometimes the group augments their numbers when certain musical works require a greater number of voices. The group's choristers (only boys) all attend The Pilgrims' School where they study singing, music theory, music history, and at least one instrument in addition to general academic studies. The choir regularly tours internationally, has produced numerous recordings, and appears often in television and radio broadcasts. The choir is currently directed by Andrew Lumsden, who assumed the post in 2002.

The exact year in which the chorus was founded is unknown, but it is likely that the choir was formed in the 14th century. The earliest historical document relating to the chorus dates from 1402 when a John Dyer was named as the cathedral's organist and chorus-master. A 1544 statute by Henry VIII of England decreed that the cathedral should have ten boys in the choir and a single organist.

There are also 20 girl choristers, who all attend local schools and sing at least one service a week during term-time. They sing with the boy choristers for most major concerts, at Easter and Christmas, and for the Southern Cathedrals Festival every summer (when they also sing with the girl choristers of Salisbury Cathedral). The girls have toured Europe on several occasions, and record CDs, both with the boy choristers and on their own. They have also appeared in many television and radio broadcasts, including singing live on BBC1 on Easter morning, and on Christmas Day. The Girls' Choir was founded in 1999 by Sarah Baldock, and is now under the joint leadership of the Director of Music, Andrew Lumsden, and the Sub-organist, Claudia Grinnell.

References

Boys' and men's choirs
English choirs
Choir
Church choirs
British church music

Winchester Cathedral Choir


Erich Kordt (10 December 1903 – 11 November 1969), was a German diplomat who was involved in the German Resistance to the regime of Adolf Hitler.

Early career
A convinced Anglophile, Kordt spoke perfect English after gaining a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. He joined the German Foreign Office in 1928 and was posted to Geneva and Bern in Switzerland. He then served as Legationsrat (counsellor) in the London Embassy under Ambassador Joachim von Ribbentrop for whom he developed a personal dislike and a professional disdain. Still, he became a member of the Nazi Party in November 1937. In February 1938, when Ribbentrop became foreign minister, he was named as head of the Foreign Office's "Ministerial Bureau".

Oster Conspiracy

Both Erich Kordt and his brother, Theodor, played a part in the Oster Conspiracy of 1938, which was a proposed plan to assassinate Adolf Hitler if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland.

Theodor Kordt, who acted as Chargé d'Affaires at the London embassy, was considered a vital contact with the British on whom the success of the plot depended; the conspirators needed strong British opposition to Hitler's seizure of the Sudetenland. Erich used his brother as an envoy to urge the British government to stand up to Hitler over the Czechoslovakia crisis, in the hope that Army officers would stage a coup against Hitler.

However, in the event, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was apprehensive of the possibility of war and so negotiated interminably with Hitler and eventually conceded to him. That destroyed any chance of the plot succeeding since Hitler was then seen in Germany as the "greatest statesman of all times at the moment of his greatest triumph", as was stated by another member of the German Resistance, Erwin von Witzleben.

Espionage
In June 1939, Kordt went to London to warn Robert Vansittart, the diplomatic advisor to the British government, of the secret negotiations between Germany and the Soviet Union which were to lead to the Nazi-Soviet Pact. He was dismayed that all approaches made by the German resistance movement within the German Foreign Office were ignored by the British.

In April 1941, Kordt was posted to Tokyo as German embassy First Secretary and later to Nanking as German Consul, where he worked as an agent for the Soviet spy Richard Sorge until 1944. He narrowly avoided being killed by a Japanese hitman when Japanese Intelligence discovered his espionage activities.

Postwar
In June 1948, at the Nuremberg Trials, Kordt testified on behalf of Ernst von Weizsäcker, State Secretary of the Foreign Ministry of Nazi Germany, and later German ambassador to the Vatican. Weizsäcker was on trial for his role in Hitler's aggressive foreign policy. Partly as a result of Kordt's testimony, Weizsäcker was acquitted. This allegedly aroused the hostility of Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who blocked Kordt's return to a career at the Foreign Office. From 1951, Kordt was a professor of international law at the University of Cologne.

See also
Assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler

German resistance members
German spies for the Soviet Union
1903 births
1969 deaths
German diplomats
German Rhodes Scholars
Failed assassins of Adolf Hitler
Nazi Party members
SS officers

Erich Kordt


This is a list of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution.

 The Swamp Fox – 1959–1960 ABC-TV miniseries starring Leslie Nielsen as General Francis Marion
 The Young Rebels – 1970–1971 television series starring Richard Ely and Louis Gossett Jr.
 The Bastard – 1978 TV miniseries based on the novel by John Jakes, starring Andrew Stevens
 The Rebels – 1979 TV miniseries based on the novel by John Jakes, starring Andrew Stevens and Don Johnson
 George Washington – 1984 TV miniseries starring Barry Bostwick
 George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation – 1986 TV miniseries starring Barry Bostwick
 The American Revolution – 1994 A&E miniseries starring Kelsey Grammer and Charles Durning
 Thomas Jefferson – 1997 three-part television documentary by Ken Burns
 Liberty!  - 1997 six-episode PBS documentary miniseries
 Liberty's Kids – 40-part animated television series produced by DiC Entertainment and originally broadcast on PBS Kids from September 2002 to April 2003, since syndicated and seen in repeats on Kids' WB and elsewhere.
 The Revolution, a 2006 13-part mini-series broadcast on History Channel covering the American Revolution from the Townshend Acts of 1767 to George Washington's inauguration in 1789.
 John Adams – 2008 HBO biopic miniseries about John Adams, based on David McCullough's biography also entitled John Adams.
 Sleepy Hollow – a 2013–2017 American television series that aired on Fox
 Turn: Washington's Spies – a 2014–2017 American television series that aired on AMC
 The American Revolution – a 2014 three-part miniseries that aired on American Heroes Channel
 Sons of Liberty – 2015 miniseries focusing of Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and others.
 Washington - 2020 three-part miniseries about the life of George Washington.

See also
 Founding Fathers of the United States
 Commemoration of the American Revolution
 List of films about the American Revolution
 List of plays and musicals about the American Revolution

Television

List of television series and miniseries about the American Revolution


Alexsandro Fernandes Xavier (born April 4, 1973 in Recife, Brazil), often known simply as Alex Fernandes, is a former Brazilian football striker.

Club career
Before coming to Mexico, Fernandes played for Brazilian clubs Sport Recife, Náutico, and Mogi Mirim.

Monarcas Morelia
He joined the Primera División for the 1999 Winter season, debuting for Monarcas Morelia.  He would remain with Morelia through the 2002 Apertura, when he was transferred to Monterrey.

Fernandes made a strong debut in Mexico, scoring seven goals in 19 games in the 1999 Invierno, and another nine in the Verano.  In total, he scored 72 goals for Morelia in his four years there, including 15 in the 2002 Apertura before his transfer to Monterrey.

Monterrey
Alex began promisingly with Monterrey as well, scoring 9 goals in 24 games in the 2003 Clausura, and another 11 goals in the Apertura. In that season CF Monterrey, managed by Daniel Passarella, won the Clausura 2003 Championship, and Alex, as well as his teammates, played a key role in the team through the whole season. However, his form dipped in 2004, as he only made nine appearances in the 2004 Clausura, scoring six goals, and only four in the 2004 Apertura, scoring none.

In the Clausura 2005, Alex participation again diminished because of several injuries, but by the Apertura 2005 he was ready to reappear and his goals along with Guillermo Franco's led the team to the Finals. Although he didn't play the Finale against Toluca, because of an injury during the Semifinals against archrival Tigres, Alex is widely recognized as being part of the team's success and effectiveness during that season.

This would be Alex's last tournament until the Apertura 2007 when, after a break from the soccer fields, he returned to CF Monterrey with renewed expectations and hoping to exceed the effectiveness he achieved along with former teammate Guillermo Franco. But once that season ended, in December 2007, Alex finally decided to retire from the soccer fields once and for all.

Alex leaves a decent history in football, including successful performances in severals clubs in Brazil and Mexico, but especially in Mexico where he was recognized as an excellent striker and for winning a championship with both of his teams, Monarcas Morelia in Winter 2000 and CF Monterrey in Clausura 2003.

Honours

Club
Morelia
Mexican Primera División: Invierno 2000

Monterrey
Mexican Primera División: Clausura 2003

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Brazilian emigrants to Mexico
Naturalized citizens of Mexico
Men's association football forwards
Brazilian men's footballers
Mexican men's footballers
Alex
Alex
Alex
Atlético Morelia players
C.F. Monterrey players
Liga MX players
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Footballers from Recife

Alex Fernandes (footballer, born 1973)


François-Joseph Gossec (17 January 1734 – 16 February 1829) was a French composer of operas, string quartets, symphonies, and choral works.

Life and work
The son of a small farmer, Gossec was born at the village of Vergnies, then a French exclave in the Austrian Netherlands, now an ancienne commune in the municipality of Froidchapelle, Belgium. Showing an early taste for music, he became a choir-boy in Antwerp. He went to Paris in 1751 and was taken on by the composer Jean-Philippe Rameau. He followed Rameau as the conductor of a private orchestra kept by the fermier général Le Riche de La Poupelinière, a wealthy amateur and patron of music. Gradually he became determined to do something to revive the study of instrumental music in France.

Gossec's own first symphony was performed in 1754, and as conductor to the Prince de Condé's orchestra he produced several operas and other compositions of his own. He imposed his influence on French music with remarkable success. His Requiem premiered in 1760, a ninety-minute piece which made him famous overnight. Years later, in 1778, Mozart visited Gossec during a trip to Paris, and described him in a letter to his father as "a very good friend and a very dry man."

Gossec founded the Concert des Amateurs in 1769 and in 1773 he reorganised the Concert Spirituel together with Simon Le Duc and Pierre Gaviniès. In this concert series he conducted his own symphonies as well as those by his contemporaries, particularly works by Joseph Haydn, whose music had become increasingly popular in Paris, finally even superseding Gossec's symphonic work.

In the 1780s Gossec's symphonic output decreased as he began concentrating on operas. He organized the École de Chant in 1784, together with Etienne Méhul, was conductor of the band of the Garde Nationale of the French Revolution, and was appointed (with Méhul and Luigi Cherubini) inspector of the Conservatoire de Musique at its creation in 1795. He was an original member of the Institut and a chevalier of the Legion of Honour. In 1803, he met Napoleon, who admired Gossec very much and asked him if he wanted to work under him, which Gossec declined. In 1815, after the defeat of his friend Napoleon at Waterloo, the Conservatoire was closed for some time by Louis XVIII, and the eighty-one-year-old Gossec had to retire. Until 1817 he worked on his last compositions, including a third Te Deum, and was supported by a pension granted by the Conservatoire.

He died in the Parisian suburb of Passy. The funeral service was attended by former colleagues, including Cherubini, at Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His grave is near those of Méhul and Grétry.

Some of his techniques anticipated the innovations of the Romantic era: he scored his Te Deum for 1,200 singers and 300 wind instruments, and several oratorios require the physical separation of multiple choirs, including invisible ones behind the stage. He wrote several works in honor of the French Revolution, including Le Triomphe de la République, and L'Offrande à la Liberté. Gossec's Gavotte, from his opera Rosine, ou L'épouse abandonnée (1786),   remains familiar in popular culture because Carl Stalling and Charles M. Jones used arrangements of it in several Warner Brothers cartoons. Arguably the most notable of these is Porky Pig's dance to an uncredited version of Gossec's Gavotte in Jones' Porky's Cafe (1942).

Gossec was little known outside France, and his own numerous compositions, sacred and secular, were overshadowed by those of more famous composers; but he was an inspiration to many, and powerfully stimulated the revival of instrumental music.

Works

Symphonies
 Sei sinfonie a più strumenti op. 4 (1759)
 Sei sinfonie a più strumenti op. 5 (1761)
 Six symphonies op. 6 (1762)
 Six symphonies à grand orchestre op. 12 (1769)
 Deux symphonies (1773)
 Symphonie  (c. 1771-1774)
 Symphonie  (c. 1771-1774)
 Symphonie en fa majeur (1774)
 Symphonie de chasse (1776)
 Symphonie en ré (1776)
 Symphonie en ré (1777)
 Symphonie concertante en fa majeur , à plusieurs instruments (1778)
 Symphonie en do majeur for wind orchestra (1794)
 Symphonie à 17 parties (1809)

Chamber music
Sei sonate a due violini e basso, Op. 1 (c. 1753)
Sei quartetti per flauto e violino o sia per due violini, alto e basso, Op. 14 (1769)
Six quatuors à deux violons, alto et basse, Op. 15 (1772)

Vocal and choral works
Messe des morts (Requiem) (1760)
La Nativité, oratorio (1774)
Te Deum (1779)
Te Deum à la Fête de la Fédération for three voices, men's chorus and wind orchestra (1790)
Hymne sur la translation du corps de Voltaire au Panthéon for three voices, men's chorus and wind orchestra (1791)
Le Chant du 14 juillet (Marie-Joseph Chénier) for three voices, men's chorus and wind orchestra (1791)
Dernière messe des vivants, for four voices, chorus and orchestra (1813)

Operas
Le tonnelier, opéra comique (1765)
Le faux Lord, opéra comique (1765)
Les pêcheurs, opéra comique en 1 act (1766)
Toinon et Toinette, opéra comique (1767)
Le double déguisement, opéra comique (1767)
Les agréments d'Hylas et Sylvie, pastorale (1768)
Sabinus, tragédie lyrique (1773)
Berthe, opera (1775, not extant)
Alexis et Daphné, pastorale (1775)
Philémon et Baucis, pastorale (1775)
La fête de village, intermezzo (1778)
Thésée, tragédie lyrique (1782)
Nitocris, opera (1783)
Rosine, ou L'épouse abandonnée, opera (1786)
Le triomphe de la République, ou Le camp de Grandpré, divertissement-lyrique en 1 acte, (Chénier) (1794) – includes a famous Tambourin.
Les sabots et le cerisier, opera (1803)

Notes

References
Thibaut, W., François Joseph Gossec, Chantre de la Révolution française, (1970)

External links
Life and detailed work list
François-Joseph Gossec: "Le Tyrtée de la Révolution" – the official composer of the French Revolution

1734 births
1829 deaths
19th-century Belgian male musicians
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Belgian opera composers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Classical-period composers
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Directors of the Conservatoire de Paris
Directors of the Paris Opera
Male opera composers
String quartet composers
Walloon musicians

François-Joseph Gossec


Sir John Lexington (or Lexinton or Lessington; also de Lexington) (died 1257) was a baron and royal official in 13th century England. He has been described as having been Lord Chancellor, but other scholars believe he merely held the royal seals while the office was vacant or the chancellor was abroad. He served two terms, once from 1247 to 1248, and again from 1249 to 1250.

Life
Lexington was a member of a prominent family whose name came from the village of Lexington, now Laxton, in Nottinghamshire.
His father Richard was a royal judge and married Mathilda de Cauz (or Calz), a widow with holdings that included Sherwood Forest.
His youngest brother was Robert of Lexinton, a judge and royal official; another brother, Henry of Lexington, held royal offices before becoming Dean of Lincoln and then Bishop of Lincoln.
A fourth brother, Stephen of Lexington, became a Cistercian monk and administrator, ultimately serving as Abbot of Clairvaux.

John Lexington was sent by Henry III to a proposed papal conference in 1241 and was present at a naval battle near the Isola del Giglio in which Pisan and Sicilian ships defeated the Genoese and a number of prelates were captured; he helped save the life of his brother Stephen, who was present.
On his return he was part of the expedition against Dafydd ap Llywelyn of Wales and conveyed the hostage Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Dafydd's half-brother, to London. In 1242 he was appointed to a truce commission to correct infringements of the truce with France. He served as the king's seneschal in 1247 and possibly at other times.
After 1248 there is evidence that he served as a judge. In 1250, he inherited the barony and lands of his brother Robert. By 1255 he was serving as chief justice of the forests north of the Trent, and warden of Bamburgh, Pickering, and Scarborough castles.

In response to the death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln, he imprisoned a Jew named Copin or Jopin and obtained a confession in return for a promise to save his life (a promise the king repudiated). Given Lexington's personal relationship with the Bishop and other clerics in Lincoln, there is considerable suspicion that he pushed King Henry towards dealing with the Jews severely, and with the knowledge that the accusations had no basis in fact. Langmuir says of Lexington:

what he did powerfully affected those predisposed to think evil of Jews then and for centuries to come. He incited the weakly credulous Henry III to give the ritual murder fantasy the blessing of royal authority, and he inspired Matthew Paris to write a vivid garbled yarn that would ring in men's minds for centuries and blind modern historians. A century and a half later, Geoffrey Chaucer, after letting the legend of the singing boy slip from the prioress' lips, would inevitably be reminded of England's most famous proof of Jewish evil and conclude with an invocation to young Hugh — whose alleged fate neither he nor his audience were likely to question. John de Lexington died in January, 1257, and his elegant learning will not be described in any history of mediaeval thought, yet his tale of young Hugh of Lincoln became a strand in English literature and a support for irrational beliefs about Jews from 1255 to Auschwitz. It is time he received his due credit.

Matthew Paris called him a man of weight and learning and a brave and accomplished knight. His arms were a cross azure on a shield argent. He married a woman named Margaret (or Margery) de Merlay, daughter of Richard d'Umfraville of Prudhoe and widow of Roger de Merlay, Baron Morpeth.  They had no children.

His estate went to his brother Henry, the bishop of Lincoln, and on his death in 1258 to the descendants of their two sisters, Alice and Cecilia, wives of Roland de Sutton and William Markham, since none of his brothers left heirs.

See also
 List of lord chancellors and lord keepers

Notes

References
"The Knight's Tale of Young Hugh of Lincoln", Gavin I. Langmuir, Speculum, Vol. 47, No. 3 (July 1972), pp. 459–482.
 Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London:Royal Historical Society 1961

Attribution

Lord chancellors of England
13th-century English people
Year of birth unknown
1257 deaths

John Lexington