The George Austin McHenry House is located in Stone County, Mississippi.  It was constructed between 1895 and 1901 to serve as the family home of Dr. George McHenry.  The structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Background
In 1889, Dr. George McHenry and his wife, Una, led a group of 54 families from Michigan to homestead in northern Harrison County, Mississippi. They settled in an area which would become part of Stone County, where the Gulf and Ship Island Railroad was under construction. George McHenry opened a general store and also handled the U.S. mail. A small town developed with timber-related industries that prospered because of the vast virgin pine forests of south Mississippi. A Post Office opened under the name of McHenry in honor of the settlement's founder. While Dr. McHenry was in military service during the Spanish–American War, his wife oversaw the construction and expansion of their family home.

Description

The house is a two-story wood-frame structure with a steep-pitched roof, three gable projections, and a single chimney.  The first story was completed in 1895, but the second story was not added until 1901.  The original design included a wrap-around porch which was later modified.  The building was constructed with virgin yellow pine lumber and rests on brick foundation piers.  A one-story rear addition was completed in 1957.

The house has been used continuously as a single family dwelling by descendants of Dr. McHenry.  As of 2013, it was the oldest surviving structure in the town of McHenry.

References

Houses completed in 1901
Houses in Stone County, Mississippi
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Stone County, Mississippi
Queen Anne architecture in Mississippi

George Austin McHenry House


Iridescence is a thing about some surfaces. If a surface looks like its colour changes as the light moves, then it is iridescent.

There are many iridescent things in nature. Soap bubbles, butterfly wings and sea shells, and some minerals are iridescent. They have tiny structures that affect the light.

The physical process which causes iridescence is usually interference.

light
Color

Iridescence


The history of Albania forms a part of the history of Europe. During Classical Antiquity, several Illyrian tribes lived in Albania. They were the Ardiaei, Albanoi, Amantini, Enchele  and Taulantii. There were also Thracian and Greek tribes, as well as several Greek colonies established on the Illyrian coast.

In the 3rd century BC, Rome conquered the area. It became part of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia, Macedonia and Moesia Superior. The territory remained under Roman and Byzantine control until the Slavic migrations of the 7th century. The Bulgarian Empire conquered it in the 9th century.

The Principality of Arbër and a Sicilian union known as the medieval Kingdom of Albania were established in the Middle Ages. Some areas became part of the Venetian and later Serbian Empire. Between the mid-14th and the late 15th centuries, most of modern-day Albania was dominated by Albanian principalities. They fell to the rapid invasion of the Ottoman Empire. Albania remained under Ottoman control as part of the province of Rumelia until 1912.  After a short occupation by the Kingdom of Serbia, the first independent Albanian state was founded by the Albanian Declaration of Independence. An Albanian national consciousness was formed in the  later 19th century. It is part of the larger phenomenon of the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire.

The short-lived Principality of Albania (1914–1925) was succeeded by an even shorter-lived first Albanian Republic (1925–1928). Another monarchy, the Kingdom of Albania (1928–1939), replaced the republic. The country endured occupation by Italy just before World War II. After the collapse of the Axis powers, Albania became the Socialist People's Republic of Albania. It was a communist state. Enver Hoxha governed it most of its duration (died 1985). his political succesor Ramiz Alia oversaw the disintegration of the communist state. This happened during the wider collapse of the Eastern Bloc in the later 1980s.

The communist regime collapsed in 1990. The former communist Party of Labour of Albania was defeated in elections in March 1992, amid economic collapse and social unrest. The unstable economic situation led to an Albanian diaspora during the 1990s. The crisis peaked in the Albanian Turmoil of 1997. Albania was able to join the NATO in 2009 thanks to the improved economic and political conditions. The country is applying to join the European Union.

Other websites
 History of Albania: Primary Documents

History of Albania


The Nazi German Occupation of Czechoslovakia started on the 15th of March 1939 when German troops entered the region of Bohemia and Moravia, having already had the Sudetenland thanks to the Munich Agreement. The region of Bohemia and Moravia was annexed into the German reich and a puppet government was established under rule of Konstantin von Neurath, who was later replaced by Reinhard Heydrich in 1939 as he was seen too soft on the Czechs. The Czech Government in exile sent two paratroopers to assassinate the Reichsprotektor, Reinhard Heydrich . The operation was code named Operation Anthropoid. The assassins were equipped with a Sten gun and a Impact grenade. The two paratroopers were Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš they planned on assassinating him when he was in his car on a road where the car had to slow down. When they reached the road, Jozef Gabčík, equipped with the Sten gun, opened fire, but the Sten gun jammed, so Kubiš threw his grenade which seriously wounded the Reichsprotektor. it is said that Heinrich refused help of a Jewish doctor. He died a few days later. The occupation ended when the Soviet troops entered Prague and liberated the rest of the Republic until  1945 when the Soviet Union invaded it and turned Czechoslovakia into a Communist State in 1948 .
1940s in Europe
Nazi Germany

Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)


Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue is the emergency transportation of divers under a major decompression obligation to a place of safety where decompression can be completed at acceptable risk and in reasonable comfort.

Divers in saturation inside a diving system  cannot be quickly decompressed to be evacuated in the same way as other installation personnel. The divers must be transferred to a pressurised chamber which can be detached from the installation's saturation diving system and transported to a safe location. A hyperbaric evacuation unit (HEU), also known as a hyperbaric rescue unit (HRU),   with the capacity to evacuate the maximum number of divers that the diving system can accommodate, is required, with a life support system that can maintain the hyperbaric environment for at least 72 hours. After the initial evacuation, the HEU and its occupants are taken to a designated location where they can be safely decompressed to surface pressure.

The preferred way is to provide a self-propelled hyperbaric lifeboat (SPHL). Hyperbaric rescue chambers without propulsion (HRCs) are also accepted, but requirements for life support and recovery are complicated by limitations of design and configuration, and the unit must be towed clear of the evacuated installation by another vessel. Detailed guidance on hyperbaric evacuation is provided in IMCA D 052 - Guidance on hyperbaric evacuation systems.

After launching, the HEU is recovered by the standby hyperbaric rescue vessel (HRV) and transported to the standby hyperbaric reception facility (HRF), where the divers are transferred under pressure and decompressed in relative safety and comfort. In remote locations the HRF may be mounted onboard the HRV.

Another type of hyperbaric evacuation is for medical purposes, usually for a single diver, and may be done in a portable chamber for one or two occupants or a hyperbaric stretcher, The diver may be in saturation or being treated for decompression illness, so the pressure will be either the saturation pressure or treatment pressure, which is usually much lower, at about 18 msw (2.8 bar absolute), with the diver on an oxygen treatment table. The second occupant is usually a hyperbaric chamber attendant, to provide any necessary emergency medical assistance. Portable chambers may be transported by any vessel of opportunity, road transport vehicle or helicopter capable of carrying the load.

Purpose
Saturation diving is normally done from a saturation system on a diving support vessel or an offshore platform. While under saturation, the divers cannot be decompressed quickly in response to an emergency as that would be rapidly fatal, and though unusual, emergencies requiring personnel evacuation have occurred on such platforms due to extreme weather or accidents. Any attempt to evacuate saturated divers must be done at or very near their saturation storage pressure, in a hyperbaric chamber provided with life support systems which maintain the pressure and temperature, and keep the breathing gas correctly oxygenated and free of excessive carbon dioxide. A hyperbaric evacuation and rescue plan is necessary, and the equipment is normally required to be on standby during all saturation diving operations.

The International Maritime Organization's Code of Safety for Diving Systems, 1995, provides guidance and recommendations on saturation diving systems including the provision of hyperbaric evacuation facilities. The owners of the ships and installations involved in the diving operations are responsible for providing these contingency plans and equipment, which must cover irreparable damage to life support systems, explosion, fire and other damage or circumstances making it untenable for divers to remain in the saturation habitat.

The risk to personnel in a hyperbaric evacuation unit is greater than in a full saturation installation, particularly when it is floating independently in the sea, and it should be possible to delay launch until it is clear that no further delay is acceptable, and this implies that the platform or vessel should be designed and constructed to provide a high level of protection to the diving system against fire, loss of stability and critical loss of buoyancy. Hyperbaric evacuation is the last resort, but when it is no longer avoidable it must be possible to launch quickly and safely.

If the contingency plans include possible decompression in another saturation system, it will be necessary to ensure that the locking on connections are compatible, or an adapter is available. Evacuation by hyperbaric lifeboat or floating capsule may cause severe dehydration of the occupants from motion sickness. Appropriate countermeasures should be available. Premature evacuation could expose the divers to unnecessary risk.

Requirements
International Maritime Organization Resolution A.536(13) as amended by resolution A.831(19) provides guidance to minimize the risks to ships and other floating structures equipped with diving systems, divers and support personnel. The Code recommends design criteria and construction, equipment and survey standards for diving systems.

IMO Guidelines and Specifications for Hyperbaric Evacuation Systems require that diving systems installed on ships and offshore platforms have evacuation systems suitable for divers in saturation

Various options are permissible, depending on geographical and service conditions, which may be chosen based on risk assessment. These include    hyperbaric self-propelled lifeboats, towable hyperbaric evacuation units, HEUs which may be loaded onto an attendant vessel, transfer to another facility in a diving bell, transfer between diving bells at the appropriate depth, or in a submersible unit capable of returning to the surface for recovery. There must be a safe method of transfer under pressure from the surface hyperbaric facility to the evacuation unit, with interlocks to prevent inadvertent decompression of any of the components, and there must be arrangements for transferring an unconscious diver into the evacuation unit. Pressure doors must be designed to prevent accidental opening under pressure, and locking mechanisms must be accessible from both sides.

Guidance on planning and executing diving operations from fixed or mobile platforms or from floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO)
vessels, and planning evacuation from the installation for divers and other members of the dive team in an emergency, for surface supplied and saturation diving, is covered by "Guidance on Installation Based Diving Operations and the Evacuation of Divers from Installations IMCA D 025" and "Guidance on Hyperbaric Evacuation Systems IMCA D 052".

The IMCA requirements for hyperbaric evacuation systems specify that they must be designed and installed in accordance with recognized standards and codes of practice, have sufficient capacity to evacuate all of the divers in saturation, provide life support to all occupants during evacuation, have an emergency power supply, communications with the surface, and equipment to monitor the conditions in the chamber.

Components of the system
There are three major components to the system: the hyperbaric evacuation unit (HEU), in which the divers are removed from the original facility, the hyperbaric rescue vessel (HRV), which recovers the HEU from the sea, and the hyperbaric reception facility (HRF), into which the divers are transferred, and where they are decompressed.

Hyperbaric evacuation unit
A self-propelled hyperbaric lifeboat (SPHL) is an enclosed, motorised, survival vessel fitted with a hyperbaric chamber to transport divers under pressure, with a life support system and a crew to operate it. The crew would include a helmsman, a life-support technician, and possibly others, in compliance with IMO requirements. Once launched, it can navigate and maneuver in preparation for recovery.
A hyperbaric escape capsule, a smaller, unmotorised hyperbaric unit which, when launched, simply drifts at the surface until recovered by the hyperbaric rescue vessel.
 The launch and recovery system transfers the hyperbaric evacuation unit into the sea or directly to the hyperbaric rescue vessel. It is usually also capable of recovering the hyperbaric evacuation unit if conditions improve sufficiently.

Hyperbaric rescue vessel
A hyperbaric rescue vessel is a ship provided with equipment to handle the recovery of hyperbaric lifeboats and hyperbaric rescue capsules, and transport them to the hyperbaric reception facility. Such a vessel may be on standby during a saturation diving project.

Hyperbaric reception facility

A hyperbaric reception facility, or hyperbaric rescue facility, is a unit which allows for connection of hyperbaric lifeboats and hyperbaric rescue capsules. It a basic saturation diving accommodation facility which will not be used to support diving operations, and is usually modular and portable so the components can be moved to a suitable venue and assembled for standby with the hyperbaric rescue vessel. The facility is usually set up at a convenient port where the hyperbaric rescue vessel can berth to unload the hyperbaric evacuation unit, but in remote locations can be carried onboard the HRV.

Design and construction

A set of design specifications for various aspects of the hyperbaric evacuation unit are provided by IMCA D 051. These cover towing and lifting points and connections, location aids, transfer under pressure connection flange and clamp details and positions, and service connections, to ensure mutual compatibility of units from different sources.

The exterior of the HEU will generally be fitted with towing and lifting points that can be used by any vessel, and with non-slip surfaces, footholds and handholds to allow safe access by rescue personnel to these lifting and towing points. A life support system independent of the primary saturation system life support system is provided for the HEU, which must be capable of providing autonomous life support functions to maintain thermal balance and a safe and breathable atmosphere for at least 72 hours after launching, taking into account gas usage for supply lock operation and waste discharge, and environmental conditions such as sea and air temperature and humidity. Life support system connections for connection to external systems should be positioned to be protected from accidental damage, and where they are easily accessible. There are standards for the type of connections recommended in IMCA D 051

The HEUs compression chamber environment is monitored from the outside and there is a medical/stores lock to lock materials in and out. When the HEU is connected to the hyperbaric complex at the work-site, the control and monitoring is done from the saturation control room.

Fenders are required to protect the hull and equipment from impact with other vessels when in the water. Fire protection should be equivalent to that required on other lifeboats for that ship or platform. HEUs that are intended to be launched into the sea must be sufficiently stable for all conditions in which they are designed to be used, and must be self-righting. Stability should not be so high that it has excessive adverse effects on the occupants, and must be sufficient when rescue personnel are on board to make preparations for recovery from the water. A reserve buoyancy of at least 10% of displacement is expected, and lifting points should be fitted above the normal waterline. Slings should be fitted to allow single-point lifting, without the need for spreaders, by any suitable crane. Buoyancy material and compartments must be non-flammable and strong enough to withstand the expected service conditions. Additional buoyancy  beyond the required minimum may be provided by buoyancy bags. HEUs intended to be transported on a rescue vessel should have attachment points provided for securing to the deck.

Launching and recovery

Various launching methods are possible, and may be applicable to a given arrangement. These include float-off, lowering from davits, free-fall, crane launch. The systems available should be operable in the full range of expected operating and plausible emergency conditions, which apply to the vessel or platform's other emergency evacuation equipment, and designed to accommodate snatch loads.

The launch method should allow launching to be delayed as long as safely possible, as once the launch has been committed, it is often not possible to revert without the intervention of a suitable rescue vessel. Where a power supply is necessary, the should be an emergency backup power supply available. The ability to make a direct transfer by crane to another vessel is desirable.

If launching is to be done by a crane there should be a backup crane available. Gas systems and normal power supply to the evacuation unit must be easily and quickly detachable, and holding down equipment suitable for quick release. The launch mechanism or an alternative should be able to recover the unit for reconnection to the diving system.

Disconnection of the evacuation unit from the diving system should be possible by the occupants without external aid, and by the external crew, without aid from the occupants, and launching and lowering equipment should also be possible to trigger from inside the unit. Lifeboat type units will be crewed by an attendant who can release the unit, and float off units must have a quick release system  which can be triggered when it is unlikely that the unit will make further contact with the ship.

See also

References

Underwater diving safety
Occupational safety and health

Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue


Jean-Claude Fruteau (6 June 1947 – 28 April 2022) was a French politician. He was a Member of the European Parliament for France's "outre mer" from 1999 to 2007. He was a member of the Socialist Party, which was part of the Party of European Socialists. Fruteau was a member of the National Assembly from 2007 until 2017. He was also Mayor of Saint-Benoît, Réunion from 2008 until his death.

Fruteau died on 28 April 2022 at the age of 74.

References

1947 births
2022 deaths
French mayors

Jean-Claude Fruteau


Necromancer is a 1988 American horror film directed by Dusty Nelson and starring Elizabeth Kaitan. The story follows a young woman who is raped by a group of men, and contacts a necromancer to exact her revenge.

Plot
Three friends, Paul, Carl and Allan break into their professor's office to steal the answers for an important test, what they do not know is that they are not alone.  Fellow student Julie Johnson is finishing some work when she spots Allan, it is not long before the three of them gang up on Julie.  While Carl holds her, Paul pulls out a knife and threatens to cut her, only to cut her underwear off and rape her as the others watch on, soon after they threaten and blackmail her to keep quiet.

The next day Julie is upset about the night before, she confides in her best friend Freda, who tries to talk her into going to the police but Julie refuses.  Later that day, Freda finds an advert in a paper advertising 'revenge'. She and Julie make inquiries into the advertisement, and they go to a house owned by a strange woman who casts a spell to summon a demon to exact vengeance against those who attacked Julie.

Cast
 Elizabeth Kaitan - Julie Johnson (credited as Elizabeth Cayton)
 John Tyler - Eric Freiden
 Rhonda Dorto] - Freda Lurch
 Stan Hurwitz - Paul DuShane
 Edward A. Wright - Carl Caulder
 Shawn Eisner - Allan
 Russ Tamblyn - Charles DeLonge
 Lois Masten - Necromancer
 David Flynn - David
 Lisa Randolph - Mary
 Lisa Beth Wilson - Linda
 Scott Harrison - Romeo
 Kieth Burns - Gus
 Carla Baron - Gail
 Jimmy Williams - Lecherous Guard
 Shannon McLeod - Edna
 Pamela Bunte - 1st Girl
 Kelly Ford - 2nd Girl
 Kelly Turner - Girl in Gallery
 Jonathan Jones - Boy #1
 Ed Neimeyer - Student #1
 Bill Whitefield - Student #2
 Karl Coleman - Student #3
 Tracey Ellis - Student #4
 Scott Ewing - Student #5
 Waide Aaron Riddle - Ernest

Reception
The film has received a negative critical reception.  On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a "rotten" score of 22% and it holds a rating of 4.2/10 at the Internet Movie Database.

Home media
Necromancer was released in several countries on VHS format. In the United States, the film was released on DVD by Image Entertainment on September 26, 2000. Home distribution rights were later acquired by Millennium Entertainment, releasing the film on September 7, 2005.

In the United Kingdom, the film was initially available on VHS from CBS/Fox Video, while the DVD was made available via Lionsgate Home Entertainment on September 10, 2012.

Vinegar Syndrome released the film on Blu-ray in 2020.

Soundtrack
As of yet, the film's soundtrack has not been released. The film score was produced by Kevin Klingler and Music Pac Services Inc. Music for the soundtrack was produced by Jacaranda Music Inc.

The main soundtrack music includes:

 "Call of the Wild" - performed by Andy Landis  — Written by Andy Landis, Howard Benson and Steve Elliot.
 "Killer Love" - performed by Curt Cuomo  — Written by Judeth Randell, Curt Cuomo and Rick Buche.
 "Turnaround" - performed by Trapper  — Written by Richard Thibodeau (available from BMI Records).

References

Waide Aaron Riddle SAG/AFTRA member
IMDBPro https://pro.imdb.com/name/nm0725779/credits
Amazon Author's Page http://www.amazon.com/author/waideriddle

External links

1988 films
1988 horror films
American supernatural horror films
American rape and revenge films
Demons in film
1980s English-language films
1980s American films

Necromancer (1988 film)


Lloyd Girton Humphreys (December 12, 1913 – September 7, 2003) was an American differential psychologist and methodologist who focused on assessing individual differences in human behavior. His work is among the most widely cited in intelligence research, and he received awards in this field.

Early life and education
Born in Lorane, Oregon, Humphreys earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Oregon in 1935, a master's from Indiana University in 1936, where he first learned about factor analysis, then received his doctorate at Stanford in 1938, studying under Ernest Hilgard. His dissertation on the partial reinforcement effect (or the Humphreys effect), is considered a classic in the field.

Career
His first position was at Northwestern University (1939–1945). He was a Carnegie Fellow in Anthropology (1941–1942, Columbia University) during that time, then taught at the University of Washington (1946–1948) and Stanford (1948–1952). He then took a post as Research Director, Personnel Laboratory, for the United States Air Force (1951–1957). He then spent the remainder of his career at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1957–1984).

Humphreys argued that much psychological research fails to replicate because of inadequate sample sizes, because correlations fluctuate when Ns are small. His own empirical research typically involved large-scale longitudinal studies such as Project Talent.

In the 1970s, Humphreys chaired the American Psychological Association's Task Force on ability and achievement testing. He deemed a general intelligence test "the single most important test that can be administered for vocational guidance purposes" (Humphreys, 1985, p. 211). He also coined the concept "inadequate learning syndrome" (ILS) and argued it was a more important social problem than the AIDS epidemic (Humphreys, 1988).

Amid the controversy generated by publication of The Bell Curve in 1994, Humphreys wrote a target article (Humphreys, 1994), which stimulated a series of comments by a number of prominent scholars in the field. He generated further controversy by accepting funding from the Pioneer Fund. He was also one of 52 signatories on "Mainstream Science on Intelligence," an editorial written by Linda Gottfredson and published in the Wall Street Journal, which defended the findings on intelligence in The Bell Curve.

Selected works
 Humphreys LG (1939). The effect of random alternation of reinforcement on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned eyelid reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 25, 141–158.
 Humphreys, L. G. (1985). General intelligence: An integration of factor, test, and simplex theory. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of intelligence ( pp. 201–224). New York: Wiley.
 Humphreys, L. G. (1988). Trends in levels of academic achievement of blacks and other minorities. Intelligence, 12, 231–260.
 Humphreys, L. G. (1994). Intelligence from the standpoint of a (pragmatic) behaviorist. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 179–192.

References

1913 births
2003 deaths
American people of Welsh descent
20th-century American psychologists
Columbia University alumni
Intelligence researchers
Northwestern University alumni
People from Lane County, Oregon
Race and intelligence controversy
Stanford University alumni
University of Oregon alumni
University of Washington faculty

Lloyd Humphreys


Nonel is a shock tube detonator designed to initiate explosions, generally for the purpose of demolition of buildings and for use in the blasting of rock in mines and quarries. Nonel is a contraction of "non electric". Instead of electric wires, a hollow plastic tube delivers the firing impulse to the detonator, making it immune to most of the hazards associated with stray electric current.

It consists of a small diameter, three-layer plastic tube coated on the innermost wall with a reactive explosive compound, which, when ignited, propagates a low energy signal, similar to a dust explosion. The reaction travels at approximately 2,000 m/s (6,500 ft/s)  along the length of the tubing with minimal disturbance outside of the tube.  The design of nonel detonators incorporates patented technology, including the Cushion Disk (CD) and Delay Ignition Buffer (DIB) to provide reliability and accuracy in all blasting applications.

Nonel was invented by the Swedish company Nitro Nobel in the 1960s and 1970s, under the leadership of Per-Anders Persson, and launched to the demolitions market in 1973. (Nitro Nobel became a part of Dyno Nobel after being sold to Norwegian Dyno Industrier AS in 1986.)

References

Further reading
 Explosive videos
 An experimental study of temperature structure of shock relaxation in air-dusty explosive media

Demolition
Detonators
Explosives
Mining equipment
Swedish inventions

Nonel


John Feeley (born 24 May 1955) is an Irish classical guitarist, and a teacher and editor of guitar music.

Life
Feeley was born in Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland. He started guitar playing in popular music, and at age 17 "was recognised as one of Europe's best electric guitarists" After graduating from Trinity College Dublin, with a first class degree in music, he moved to the USA to study with Oscar Ghiglia, Ángel Romero, and David Russell, completing a master's degree at Queens College, City University of New York. In the following years he taught at Memphis State University, Tennessee. He now teaches at the DIT Conservatory of Music and Drama, Dublin. His past students include all current members of the Dublin Guitar Quartet, along with Redmond O'Toole, Michael O'Toole and Alec O'Leary, director of the Waltons Guitar Festival of Ireland. Composers Benjamin Dwyer, Ciarán Farrell, David Fennessy and David Flynn, all of whom have written music for Feeley, were also guitar students of his.

In 2006 Feeley completed a doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy in Music [Performance]) at Maynooth University, which involved a major thesis in three volumes with the title Classical Guitar Music by Irish Composers: Performing Editions and Critical Commentary.

Performing and recording career
Feeley has appeared at such festivals as the Guitar Festival of Ireland, Bath International Guitar Festival, the Dundee International Guitar Festival, and the Wirral International Guitar Festival. He has won numerous awards including the Special Award for interpretation in the 1984 Mauro Giuliani competition, Italy. He has appeared as a soloist with The American Symphony Orchestra at Carnegie Hall, the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra, the Ulster Orchestra, the Irish Chamber Orchestra and the Contempo Quartet. He performs regularly in duet with the flautist William Dowdall.

Feeley is an enthusiastic champion of contemporary Irish music and in this capacity has commissioned works from many of Ireland's leading composers including Seóirse Bodley, John Buckley, Jerome de Bromhead, Jane O'Leary, Brent Parker and Eric Sweeney. He also has a great interest in traditional Irish and Scottish music and in  has recorded with The Chieftains and published his own arrangements of traditional melodies.

He has been described by The Washington Post as 'Ireland's leading classical guitarist' and by Michael Dervan in The Irish Times as "a trailblazer ... when it comes to the guitar and guitar-playing in Ireland".

Discography
e-motion. Contemporary Works for Guitar, Black Box Music BBM 1002 (CD, 1998). Contains: Ciarán Farrell: The Shannon Suite; Jerome de Bromhead: Gemini; Jane O'Leary: Four Pieces for Guitar; Dawn Kenny: e-motion; Eric Sweeney: Figurations; Michael Howard: Niagara Falls on Thomond; Brian Boydell: Three Pieces for Guitar; Andrew Shiels: The Voyage of Maeldun.
in winter light, Celestial Harmonies13244-2 (CD, 2004); with William Dowdall, flute. Contains: John Buckley: Guitar Sonata No. 2; Fantasia No. 1 for Alto Flute; Guitar Sonata No. 1; Three Pieces for Solo Flute; Lullaby for Deirdre; Airflow; In Winter Light.
Islands. Contemporary Irish Solo & Instrumental Works for Guitar, Overture Music, [no label code] (CD, 2010); with Laura Chislett Jones (flute) & Pavlos Kanellakis (guitar). Contains: David Fennessy: ... sting like a bee; Benjamin Dwyer: Cancion; Tango; John McLachlan: Four Pieces for Guitar; Jane O'Leary: Duo for Alto Flute and Guitar; Eric Sweeney (arr.): Three Folk Songs; Seóirse Bodley: Islands; Brent Parker: Theme and Variations for Two Guitars.

Earlier recordings, including arrangements of Irish traditional music for guitar
Celtic Classics (Ossian)
Sreanga Oir (Gael-Linn)
Romanza (Marble Arch)
John Feeley (Gael-Linn CEF 109)
Serenade (with Raymond Burley) (CBA Classics)

Editorships
Scottish Music for Solo Guitar, two volumes (Cork: Ossian Publications, 2005)
Contemporary Irish Music for Classic Guitar Solo (Pacific, Missouri: Mel Bay, 2012)

References

External links
Official Website

1955 births
Living people
Irish classical guitarists
Musicians from County Galway
Queens College, City University of New York alumni
People from Ballinasloe
20th-century Irish guitarists
21st-century Irish guitarists
20th-century Irish male musicians
21st-century Irish male musicians
Irish male guitarists
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Academics of Dublin Institute of Technology

John Feeley


The Institute of Welsh Affairs is an independent, think-tank based in the capital of Wales, Cardiff. It focuses its research on politics, culture, economy, education, environment, science and technology in Wales, with the aim of developing plans for "policy innovation and improvement" and promoting new thinking on Welsh issues. The IWA publishes numerous reports on the research it carries out, and organises public seminars and conferences to encourage discussion and debate. It is highly regarded for the quality of its work and its commitment to informed public discussion.

2010 saw the begin of ClickonWales.org, the IWA's online news-analysis magazine. ClickonWales is designed to bring users a new level of regular commentary and analysis on Welsh affairs, and opportunities for debate. Expert contributors and commentators from across the political spectrum will be commissioned daily. The site also features the 'Wales factfile' and the 'Lecture Library'. Wales factfile is a handy one-stop shop for information and data about many aspects of Wales and its economic, social, cultural and political life. The 'Lecture Library' is a place where organisations will be able to post
the texts of public lectures on a wide range of subjects.

Foundation of the IWA
The Institute of Welsh Affairs was created on 22 July 1987 (Company No: 02151006).

Organisation
The IWA is a membership based organisation, it has approximately 1,200 individual and 150 corporate members, and more than 100 Fellows.
The corporate members include BBC Wales, British Gas, Cardiff County Council, Corus Steel, Eversheds, Julian Hodge Bank, ITV Wales, the
Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust, S4C, Welsh Water, and the University of Wales.

The Institute is governed by a Board of Trustees. Its first chairman was Henry Kroch, then chairman of AB Electronics. Since 1992, the chairman has been Geraint Talfan Davies, and since 1996 the director of the organisation has been former journalist and television producer, John Osmond.

As at November 2010, the Board members were Eurfyl ap Gwilym, Guy Clarke, Rhys David, Geraint Talfan Davies (Chairman), Peter Davies, Sue Essex, Nigel Griffiths, Gerald Holtham, Megan Mathias, Rob Humphreys, Robert Jolliffe, Ruth Marks, Chris O'Malley, Wendy Sadler, Professor John Tucker, Sir Adrian Webb, Dr. Ruth Williams and Professor Laura McAllister.

The IWA has five area branches – for north Wales, for west Wales, Swansea Bay, Gwent, and Cardiff and the Valleys. A sixth 'virtual' branch - IWA Women - has been formed to raise the profile of women's concerns in Wales and to increase the engagement of women with the IWA and civil society in Wales more generally.

Approximately one third of the IWA's income is derived from membership subscriptions, the remainder coming mainly from the funding of specific research projects by trusts and foundations, and other public and private organisations.

Publications
The IWA publishes a journal three times a year (in spring, summer and winter), called Agenda. First published in 1994, Agenda contains numerous articles on current issues in Wales, written by experts in their field, including academics, politicians and business people, and a wide range of participants from Welsh civil society.

It now publishes a regular bulletin on developments in the Assembly, Assembly Bwletin Cynulliad, published in association with Grayling Wales. These can be downloaded from clickonwales.org . In addition,  the IWA has published a multitude of research reports, discussion papers and books.

Events
One of the IWA's central activities is holding events which are designed to disseminate information to the public on a host of public policy issues. The events range from the smaller 'coffee shop' debates to full-scale conferences.

Typically, an IWA event will focus on a contested issue in Welsh politics. It will bring in an expert (or number of experts) who have detailed knowledge and understanding of the issue, to clearly present both side's arguments clearly. This is inline with the first part of its mission, which to help raise the level of public debate on issues affecting Wales, by placing quality information in the public domain.

In 2010 the IWA began the Inspire Wales Awards, in association with the Western Mail . The Awards aim to raise the profile of Welsh men and women who are making a contribution to our society, to encourage active citizenship and create role models for others. Categories for the awards include the environment, business, education, sport, and arts, media and the creative industries. 2011 sees the IWA/Western Mail Business Awards, celebrating business achievement in Wales.

Research
In November 2006 the IWA published a report entitled Time to Deliver: The Third Term and Beyond. This looked at policy options for the Assembly's third term, and was the result of work by eight study groups in individual policy areas.

In 2010 the IWA's director, John Osmond was asked by the Older People's Commissioner to carry out a study exploring Welsh policy responses to our rapidly ageing society, in particular the Welsh Government's policy which has been developing in a number of innovative ways since 2003. The findings were published in the bilingual report, 'Adding Life to Years / Ychwanegu Bywyd at a y Blynyddoedd'.

The IWA's most recent publication, entitled 'Engaging Wales' disengaged youth', explores the issue of so-called 'NEETS' - Children Not in Education, Employment of Training. It contains contributions from experts in the fields of youth policy, education, employment, and youth-centred charities. A full list of the IWA's research outputs is available on its website .

The IWA's priority areas for its future work include economic development, the environment and climate change, education, health and culture, governance and civil society.

References

Sources
 Public record filed at Companies House, (Company No: 02151006), October 2007.
 Public record filed at Charity Commission, (Charity No: 1078435), October 2007.
 Welsh Baccalaureate Qualification Internal Evaluation, University of Bath.

 A 'Quarter-Way House' , John Osmond, November 2006.

Other websites
IWA Website
ClickonWales - News analysis from and about Wales
Organisations based in Wales

Institute of Welsh Affairs


Karen Tanaka (born April 7, 1961) is a Japanese composer.

Biography
Karen Tanaka was born in Tokyo where she started piano and composition lessons as a child. After studying composition with Akira Miyoshi and piano with Nobuko Amada at Toho Gakuen School of Music in Tokyo, she moved to Paris in 1986 with the aid of a French Government Scholarship to study with Tristan Murail and work at IRCAM as an intern. In 1987, she was awarded the Gaudeamus International Composers Award at the International Music Week in Amsterdam. She studied with Luciano Berio in Florence in 1990–91 with funds from the Nadia Boulanger Foundation and a Japanese Government Scholarship. In 1996, she received the Margaret Lee Crofts Fellowship at the Tanglewood Music Center. In 1998, she was appointed as Co-Artistic Director of the Yatsugatake Kogen Music Festival, previously directed by Toru Takemitsu. In 2005, she was awarded the Bekku Prize.

In 2012, Tanaka was selected as a fellow of the Sundance Institute's Composers Lab for Feature Film where she was mentored by Hollywood's leading composers. In 2016, she served as an orchestrator for the BBC's TV series, Planet Earth II. She has scored numerous short films, animations, and documentaries. Sister, one of the animated films she scored, was selected for prestigious film festivals including Sundance, Annecy, Ottawa, and nominated for the 92nd Academy Awards for Best Animated Short Film in January 2020.

Her works have been performed by distinguished ensembles and orchestras worldwide, including the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Los Angeles Philharmonic, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Berkeley Symphony Orchestra, Netherlands Radio Symphony Orchestra, Norwegian Chamber Orchestra, NHK Symphony Orchestra in Tokyo, Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, Brodsky Quartet, BIT20 Ensemble, Gothic Voices, Anúna, among many others. Various dance companies, including the Nederlands Dans Theater, have also featured her music.

Tanaka has received numerous commissions from, most notably, the Royal Academy of Music, the Juilliard School, Radio France, the Canada Council for the Arts for Eve Egoyan, the Arts Council of England for Brodsky Quartet, the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kazushi Ono, the Michael Vyner Trust for the NHK Symphony Orchestra conducted by Esa-Pekka Salonen, Jane Dutcher for Joan Jeanrenaud and the Berkeley Symphony Orchestra conducted by Kent Nagano, and the National Endowment for the Arts for the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Peter Bay.

Her love of nature and concern for the environment has influenced many of her works, including Questions of Nature, Frozen Horizon, Water and Stone, Dreamscape, Ocean, Silent Ocean, Tales of Trees, Water Dance, Crystalline series, and Children of Light.

Tanaka taught composition at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Her music is published by Chester Music in London (Wise Music Group), Schott Music New York (PSNY), ABRSM in the UK and Editions Bim in Switzerland. She lives in Los Angeles and teaches composition at California Institute of the Arts.

Major works

Orchestral
Anamorphose (1986), for piano and orchestra
Departure (1999–2000)
Echo Canyon (1995)
Guardian Angel (2000), for clarinet, harp, percussion and string orchestra
Hommage en cristal (1991), for piano and string orchestra
Initium (1992–93), for orchestra and electronics
Lost Sanctuary (2002)
Prismes (1984)
Rose Absolute (2002)
Urban Prayer (2003–04), for cello and orchestra
Water of Life (2012–13)
Wave Mechanics (1994)

Chamber
Always in my heart (1999), for clarinet and piano
At the grave of Beethoven (1999), for string quartet
Dreamscape (2001), for 7 instruments
Enchanted Forest (2013), for horn and piano
Frozen Horizon (1998), for 7 instruments
Holland Park Avenue Study (2002), for 5 instruments
Invisible Curve (1996), for 5 instruments
Metal Strings (1996), for string quartet
Ocean (2003), for violin and piano
Once Upon a Time (2021), for flute and piano
Polarization (1994), for 2 percussionists
Shibuya Tokyo (2009), for 2 violins
Silent Ocean (2005), for trumpet and piano
Water and Stone (1999), for 8 instruments
Wind Whisperer (2019), for flute, viola and harp

Piano/Harpsichord
Blue Crystal (2014), for piano
Children of Light (1998–99), for piano
Crystalline (1988), for piano
Crystalline II (1995–96), for piano
Crystalline III (2000), for piano
Herb Garden (2005), for piano four hands
Jardin des herbes (1989, rev. 1995), for harpsichord
Lavender (1989), for harpsichord
Lavender Field (2000), for piano
Love in the Wind (2017), for piano
Masquerade (2013), for piano
Northern Light (2002), for piano
Our Planet Earth (2010–11), for piano
Techno Etudes (2000), for piano
Techno Etudes II (2020), for piano
Water Dance (2008), for piano
Who Stole the Tarts? (2016), for piano
The Zoo in the Sky (1994–95), for piano

Solo instrumental
Aube (2020), for cello, narration and electronics
L'Éternité (2021), for violin and electronics
Lilas (1988), for cello
Metallic Crystal (1994–95), for metallic percussion and electronics
Night Bird (1996), for alto saxophone and electronics
The Song of Songs (1996), for cello and electronics
Tales of Trees (2003), for marimba
Wave Mechanics II (1994), for violin and electronics

Electroacoustic
 Celestial Harmonics (1997)
Inuit Voices (1997)
Questions of Nature (1998)

Choral
God is Love as Love is God (2009)
God Loves Us All (2009)
Rise Up Hallelu (2009)
Sleep Deeply (2018)
Sleep My Child (2012)
Wait for the Lord (2009)

Sound design
Opening Bell for Daiichi Seimei Hall (2000)
Viva Suntory! for Suntory Hall (2010)

Discography
At the grave of Beethoven (Vanguard Classics – 992120), Brodsky Quartet
Children of Light (BMG – BVCC 37200), Ikuyo Nakamichi, piano
Crystalline (EVE0104), Eve Egoyan, piano
Crystalline (2L – 074 SACD), Signe Bakke, piano
Crystalline II (CRI – CD855), Xak Bjerken, piano
Crystalline II (2L – 074 SACD), Signe Bakke, piano
Frozen Horizon (New World Records – 80683), Azure Ensemble
Initium (Camerata – 32CM319), Tokyo Symphony Orchestra; Kazuyoshi Akiyama, conductor
Invisible Curve (New World Records – 80683), Azure Ensemble
Jardin des herbes (Albany Records – TROY1049), Calvert Johnson, harpsichord
Lavender Field (MET – CD 1053), Thalia Myers, piano
Love in the Wind (Octavia Records – TRITON OVCT-00175), Yuko Nakamichi, piano
Metallic Crystal (Mode Records 189-192), Roland Auzet, percussion
Night Bird (BIS – CD890), Claude Delangle, alto saxophone
Night Bird (First Hand Records – FHR13), Gerard McChrystal, alto saxophone
Night Bird (La Cupula Music), David Hernando Vitores, alto saxophone
Northern Light (USK – 1227 CDD), Thalia Myers, piano
Our Planet Earth (Sony – SICC 1575), Ikuyo Nakamichi, piano
Prismes (BIS – CD490), Malmö Symphony Orchestra; Junichi Hirokami, conductor
Shibuya Tokyo (Composers Concordance – COMCON0042), Mioi Takeda and Lynn Bechtold, violins
Silent Ocean (CRYSTON OVCC-00040), Osamu Kumashiro, trumpet; Kazumasa Watanabe, piano
The Song of Songs (New Albion Records – NA 120), Joan Jeanrenaud, cello
The Song of Songs (Albany Records – TROY726), Medeleine Shapiro, cello
The Song of Songs (trptk – TTK0011), Maya Fridman, cello
Techno Etudes (BVHAAST – 1000), Tomoko Mukaiyama, piano
Techno Etudes (2L – 074 SACD), Signe Bakke, piano
Water and Stone (New World Records – 80683), Azure Ensemble
Water Dance (2L – 074 SACD), Signe Bakke, piano
Water Dance (Nami Records – WWCC 7708), Kayako Matsunaga, piano
Wave Mechanics (Deutsche Grammophon – POCG 1860), Ensemble Kanazawa
Wave Mechanics II (Albany Records – TROY1305), Airi Yoshioka, violin
The Zoo in the Sky (BMG – BVCC 1094), Ikuyo Nakamichi, piano

References

External links
 Karen Tanaka@Wise Music Classical
 Karen Tanaka@PSNY
 Karen Tanaka@Editions Bim
 Karen Tanaka@IMDb

1961 births
20th-century classical composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century Japanese composers
20th-century Japanese educators
20th-century women composers
20th-century women educators
21st-century American composers
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century classical composers
21st-century Japanese composers
21st-century Japanese educators
21st-century women composers
21st-century women educators
American classical composers
American women classical composers
American music educators
American women music educators
Japanese classical composers
Japanese expatriates in the United States
Japanese women classical composers
Japanese women music educators
Living people
University of Michigan faculty
American women academics
21st-century Japanese women musicians
20th-century Japanese women educators
21st-century Japanese women educators

Karen Tanaka


The Optical Music Series is a set of soundtracks by the English Neoclassical duo In The Nursery, released under their own ITN Corporation record label. These soundtrack are meant as companions to several classic silent films of the early 20th century. The series began in 1996 with the release of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari and includes Carl Theodor Dreyer's The Passion of Joan of Arc and their most recent release, the 2019 soundtrack to The Seashell and the Clergyman.

List of releases
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari 1996
Asphalt 1997
Man With A Movie Camera 1999
Hindle Wakes 2001
A Page of Madness 2004
Electric Edwardians 2005
The Passion of Joan of Arc 2008
The Fall of the House of Usher 2015
The Seashell and the Clergyman 2019

External links
 In The Nursery Optical Music Series

Silent film
Silent film music
Film soundtracks

Optical Music Series


Mnatsakan Iskandaryan (, ; born 17 May 1967) is a former Armenian Greco-Roman wrestler who competed for the Soviet Union and Russia. Iskandaryan is an Olympic Champion, three-time World Champion, and two-time European Champion. He earned the rank Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1991 and was named Honoured Coach of Russia in 2000. In 2012, Iskandaryan was inducted into the FILA Hall of Fame as the sole Greco-Roman inductee. He's the second Armenian to be inducted into the Hall of Fame, after Armen Nazaryan.

Biography
Mnatsakan Iskandaryan started Greco-Roman wrestling in 1978 under the guidance of Koryun Movsesian. In 1987, he became an Espoir World Champion. Iskandaryan became a member of the USSR national Greco-Roman wrestling team in 1988. In that same year, he won a gold medal at the Wrestling World Cup team competition. Iskandaryan remained a member of the Soviet national team until the Union's fall in 1991. He won a silver medal in the 1989 European Wrestling Championships. In 1990, he moved to a heavier weight class, from lightweight (68 kg) to welterweight (74 kg), and won a 1990 World Wrestling Championships gold medal. In 1991, Iskandaryan became a European Champion and two-time consecutive World Champion. He repeated the European success by winning a 1992 European Championships gold medal for a consecutive second time. Ranked as the number one wrestler in his division for the past few years, Iskandaryan entered the 1992 Summer Olympics as the gold medal favorite.

Although Iskandaryan's home of Armenia was now independent, all of the former Soviet Olympians still competed together at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona, under the Unified Team. Iskandaryan had single-handedly defeated all of his opposition, and thus claimed the Olympic gold medal and became an Olympic Champion.

Iskandaryan underwent over two years of inactivity following his Olympic victory. He finally returned, now serving under the Russian flag, at the 1994 World Wrestling Championships, where he claimed his third World Championship gold medal. Iskandaryan competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. He was unable to win a medal and came in fifth place. Iskandaryan retired from wrestling after the 1996 Olympics and started coaching. As of 1996, he is the head coach of the national Greco-Roman wrestling youth team of Russia. In 2012, Iskandaryan was inducted into the FILA Hall of Fame, the sole Greco-Roman inductee. He became the second Armenian to be inducted into the Hall of Fame, after Armen Nazaryan in 2007.

References

External links

 Interview (in Russian)

1967 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gyumri
Armenian male sport wrestlers
Soviet male sport wrestlers
Russian male sport wrestlers
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Olympic wrestlers for the Unified Team
Olympic wrestlers for Russia
Wrestlers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the Unified Team
Olympic medalists in wrestling
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Russian wrestling coaches
Soviet Armenians
Russian sportspeople of Armenian descent
European Wrestling Championships medalists

Mnatsakan Iskandaryan


San Geremia is a church in Venice, northern Italy, located in the sestiere of Cannaregio. The apse of the church faces the Grand Canal (Venice), between the Palazzo Labia and the Palazzo Flangini. The edifice is popular as the seat of the cult of Saint Lucy of Syracuse, whose remains are housed inside.

History
The first church was erected here in the 11th century, and was later rebuilt on several occasions. In 1206 it is mentioned to house the remains of St. Magnus of Oderzo (died 670), who had taken refuge in this area from the Lombards.

A first rebuilding was held under doge Sebastiano Ziani, the new church being consecrated in 1292. The current edifice dates from 1753, designed by Carlo Corbellini; the façade is from 1861. The brickwork bell tower (probably dating from the 12th century) has two thin Romanesque mullioned windows at the base.

The church was damaged by Austrian shelling during their successful siege of the city in 1849 during the First Italian War of Independence.

On 27 June 1998 there was a fire.

Interior

The interior has rather sober walls. The altar and its presbytery are notable, with two statues of St. Peter and St. Jeremy Apostle (1798) by Giovanni Ferrari. The altar background has a monochrome fresco by Agostino Mengozzi Colonna depicting Two Angels uphold the Globe. A work by Palma the Younger (The Virgin at the Incoronation of Venice by St. Magnus) decorates the fourth altar. The church contains statuary by Giovanni Maria Morlaiter (Madonna of the Rosary) and Giovanni Marchiori (Immaculate Conception).

The church is object of pilgrimages and wide devotion for the presence of the relics of Saint Lucy, which were carried here in 1861 when the nearby church dedicated to her was demolished. In 1955 Angelo Roncalli, future Pope John XXIII and then Patriarch of Venice, had a silver mask put on the saint's face to protect it from dust.

The saint's body was stolen on November 7, 1981, but was restored in December of the same year without any ransom. The police discovered the relics outside Venice in a nylon bag on her Feastday, Dec. 13.

Gallery

External links

 Churches of Venice

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1753
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Roman Catholic churches in Venice
Baroque architecture in Venice

San Geremia


Fritz Ernst Oppenheimer (1898–1968) was a German American lawyer. Being Jewish, he emigrated from Nazi Germany to the United States in 1940, but later returned as part of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force and helped draft denazification laws.

Born in Berlin as son of lawyer Ernst Oppenheimer and Amalie Friedländer, Fritz Oppenheimer studied law at the Humboldt University of Berlin, the University of Freiburg, and the University of Breslau, after serving during World War I. He joined his father's law firm in 1925, practicing international law, and took over the firm after his father's death in 1929.

After the Machtergreifung, it was increasingly difficult for Oppenheimer to work, even though he was allowed to continue practicing for being a World War I veteran. Finally, he decided to emigrate, first to London in 1937, then to New York City in 1940, where he joined Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. In 1943, he volunteered to join the United States Army, thereby becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen, and eventually served as legal consultant to General Lucius D. Clay.

He retired in 1957, and moved to Palo Alto, California. He died in an accident during a trip to East Africa.

References

1898 births
1968 deaths
20th-century German lawyers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
People associated with Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
University of Freiburg alumni
University of Breslau alumni
German Jewish military personnel of World War I

Fritz Oppenheimer


The Del Rubio Triplets were an American folk/acoustic cover band who rose to fame in the 1980s due mostly to their campy style of dress and their cover versions of songs. They earlier performed from the 1940s through the 1960s as The Boyd Triplets as singers in Xavier Cugat's band, in night clubs, and in at least one movie.

Biography
The Del Rubio Triplets were born as Edith, Elena, and Mildred Boyd on August 23, 1921, in the Panama Canal Zone. They were of  Scottish, English, and Spanish descent, and were also direct descendants of Pocahontas through the Bolling family lineage. Their grandfather was Rolfe Emerson Bolling, and their great aunt was Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, the wife of United States President Woodrow Wilson. The girls grew up in the Panama Canal Zone and Washington, D.C. They had one older sister Lola Boyd, who died in 1992.

Their stage name comes from the color they dyed their hair; the word "rubio" means "blonde" in Spanish. The girls never got married or had children because they didn't want to break up their act. They came up with their stage name The Del Rubio Triplets after their mother died from a stroke in 1965. The triplets were Christians.

They first achieved fame in the U.S. in the 1950s, when they were popular night club performers, appearing often on television, including several Bob Hope programs on NBC. They appeared on Good Morning America and Late Night with David Letterman.

Grammy-winning songwriter Allee Willis is credited with re-discovering the Del Rubio Triplets in 1985 and presenting them at her parties where they garnered much notable attention. Their biggest hits were cover versions of "Whip It" by Devo, "Neutron Dance" by The Pointer Sisters,   "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" from The Wizard of Oz, "Walk Like an Egyptian" by The Bangles, "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" by Nancy Sinatra, and "Hey Jude" by The Beatles. They released three albums Three Gals Three Guitars, Whip It, and Jingle Bells: Christmas with the Del Rubio Triplets. In 1999 they released their compilation album Del Rubio Triplets Anthology three years after Eadie died.

They made various television appearances such as Married... with Children, Full House, Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme, The Golden Girls, Night Court, Hangin' With Mr. Cooper, New Monkees, Square One TV, Ellen, and Pee-wee's Playhouse wearing bouffant hairdos and gaudy blue eye shadow. They often appeared scantily clad (usually showing off their legs) despite the fact that they were in their 60s at the time. They often are remembered for their contribution of "Winter Wonderland" to the Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special that originally aired in 1988. They briefly appeared in the movie Americathon, playing "America the Beautiful" behind several posing bodybuilders. They also appeared in Sliders, season 1 episode 8, "The King Is Back" as themselves, performing "Whip It". In the late 1980s, they were featured in a McDonald's fast food advertisement.

The three performed until Eadie was diagnosed with cancer in 1996; she died that year at Torrance Memorial Medical Center in Torrance, California. After Eadie's death, Elena and Milly never performed again, but lived together until Elena died of cancer in 2001. Milly died from pneumonia on July 21, 2011. All three triplets are interred in a family plot at Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California next to their father.

Members

Albums
 Three Gals Three Guitars (1988)
 Jingle Belles: Christmas with the Del Rubio Triplets (1991)
 Whip It (1991)

Compilation albums
Del Rubio Triplets Anthology (1999)

References

External links

Eadie Del Rubio at Find A Grave
Elena Del Rubio at Find A Grave
Milly Del Rubio at Find A Grave

1921 births
1996 deaths
2001 deaths
2011 deaths
American satirists
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Outsider musicians
Sibling musical trios
Triplets

Del Rubio triplets


Jerg Ratgeb, also Jörg Ratgeb ( 1480–1526), was a German painter during the Renaissance, and a contemporary of Albrecht Dürer.

Life and works
Ratgeb was born in Schwäbisch Gmünd.  Around the turn of the 15th to 16th century, he appears to have spent time in Italy, where he came in contact with Italian Renaissance art and with the recently developed use of perspective in painting. After returning to Germany, he settled in Heilbronn. In 1510, he painted the altar of Saint Barbara in the church of nearby Schwaigern.

From 1514 to 1517 he was in Frankfurt am Main, where he painted the walls of the refectory and cloister of the Karmeliterkloster (Carmelite Monastery). The paintings, of which only fragments survive, are the largest wall paintings known to the north of the Alps from that period. His most famous work is the Herrenberg Altarpiece, completed in 1521. It was originally painted for the Stiftskirche (abbey church) of Herrenberg. Today, it is on display in the Staatgalerie at Stuttgart. Ratgeb had developed a distinctive personal expressive style, visibly influenced by artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Matthias Grünewald and Hieronymus Bosch.

Because of his marriage to a serf of the Duke of Württemberg he lost most of his rights as a citizen of Heilbronn. He moved to Stuttgart, where he became a member of the city council. In that position, he negotiated with the rebelling farmers during the German Peasants' War in 1525. He became part of the military contingent requested by the rebels and was elected councillor and chancellor by the peasants. After the suppression of the rebellion, he was arrested, accused of high treason ("because of the Peasant War and on behalf of Duke Ulrich") and finally executed in Pforzheim in 1526, by being torn apart by four horses.

Reception
In the late 19th century, his work was rediscovered by . Since then, it has been subject to controversial interpretations. His death has repeatedly tempted art historians, especially Wilhelm Fraenger, to read his surviving work as a political manifesto. Currently, such views are mostly rejected by scholarship.

In the 20th century, several historical novels were written about his life:
Jörg Ratgeb by Georg Schwarz. Munich, 1937;
Die Spur des namenlosen Malers (The trace of the nameless painter) by Marianne Bruns. Berlin, 1975;
Die Spur der Bilder: ein biographischer Roman um den Maler Jörg Ratgeb by Anton Monzer, Bietigheim, 1999.

Jörg Ratgeb – Painter is a 1978 East German drama film directed by Bernhard Stephan. It was entered into the 28th Berlin International Film Festival.

Since 1990, Ratgeb's life has been the subject of a play called Jerg Ratgeb, Maler – Ein Künstlerdrama, performed at the open-air theatre of the Theater Lindenhof on the Ammerhof near Tübingen. The play has also been broadcast on TV.

In 2004, the artist  painted a large four-part altarpiece depicting Ratgeb's life and death. Originally on display at St John's Church, Schwäbisch Gmünd, it has since been acquired by the Würth collection.

Bibliography
Otto Donner von Richter: Jerg Ratgeb, Maler von Schwäbisch Gemünd,seine Wandmalereien im Karmeliterkloster zu Frankfurt und seine Altarwand in der Stiftskirche zu Herrenberg. Frankfurt/Main 1892
Wilhelm Fraenger: Jörg Ratgeb, ein Maler und Märtyrer aus dem Bauernkrieg. Dresden 1972
Ute-Nortrud Kaiser: Jörg Ratgeb – Spurensicherung, Ausstellungskatalog. Frankfurt/Main & Pforzheim 1982
Lisa Farber: Jerg Ratgeb and the Herrenberg Altarpiece, Diss. Princeton 1989
Sabine Oth: Das Wort in den Bildern von Jerg Ratgeb, Diss. Frankfurt/Main 2005
Sigrun Müller / Christian Weiss: Der Maler Jerg Ratgeb und der Bauernkrieg, Heidelberg 2023

External links

 web.archive.org archive of remains of a defunct web-based project on Ratgeb
 Internet images at Artcyclopedia
 The Kloss altar

1480 births
1526 deaths
People from Schwäbisch Gmünd
15th-century German painters
German male painters
16th-century German painters
German Renaissance painters
Executed people from Baden-Württemberg
People executed for treason
People executed by dismemberment
16th-century executions in the Holy Roman Empire

Jerg Ratgeb


In computer science, an interpreter is a computer program that performs commands written in a computer programming language. Interpreters are one of the two most important ways a program can be run, the other being compilation.

Function
The interpreter is a language processor which converts a high-level programming language like JavaScript into machine language by converting and executing it line-by-line. If there is any error in any line, it reports it at the same time and program execution cannot resume until the error is rectified.

Software
Computer programming

Interpreter (computing)


Joshua Guest (1660–1747) was an English lieutenant-general.

Early life
Guest was a Yorkshireman of obscure origin. His mother was Mary Guest, afterwards Smith, and he was a son by a former marriage, or before she was married at all. His epitaph in Westminster Abbey shows that he was born in 1660, and began his military service in 1685. The first entry of his name in existing War Office records is 24 February 1704, when he was appointed cornet in Captain Henry Hunt's troop of Colonel George Carpenter's dragoons.

Military career
The whole of Guest's service as a commissioned regimental officer was passed in Carpenter's, afterwards Honeywood's, afterwards Bland's dragoons (later the 3rd Hussars). The regiment was raised in 1685, and was in the camp on Hounslow Heath. It fought with distinction under King William III in the Irish and Flanders campaigns; part of it was in the Cadiz expedition in 1702; and it also served in Spain in 1707–8, and suffered heavily at the battle of Almanza, after which it was sent home to be reformed. Guest appears to have commanded Carpenter's dragoons in England and Scotland for many years.

He was in Scotland in 1715–16, and commanded a party of dragoons which pursued and overthrew Jacobite fugitives at Perth 21 January 1716. The Lockhart Papers give a story, claimed to be direct from Guest, relating to the period of the Spanish invasion of Scotland in 1719. At the time Guest was with two or three troops of dragoons quartered in Staffordshire or Warwickshire. There he is said to have received letters, signed by George I, directing him in case of disorder 'to burn, shoot, or destroy without asking questions, for which and all that he should do contrary to the law in execution of these orders he thereby previously indemnified him.' The temper of the district was Jacobite, and that Guest communicated the orders to leading gentry with an appeal to them to keep the peace. The district remained undisturbed.

He was one of the commissioners appointed to inquire into the Glasgow riots in 1725; he became a brigadier-general 24 November 1735, and major-general 2 July 1739. He appears also to have been barrack-master for North Britain. His regiment went to Flanders in 1742, but he apparently did not accompany it.

The 1745 Rebellion
In 1745 Guest was retired on half-pay of a regimental lieutenant-colonel. He became a lieutenant-general the same year, and was sent from London to replace Lieutenant-general Preston as deputy-governor of Edinburgh Castle. Under his command were two regiments of dragoons (Gardiner's and Hamilton's) plus the Town Guard.

Upon learning of the landing of Charles Edward Stuart and the rallying of his Jacobite supporters, Guest was ordered to send ships to bring Sir John Cope and his troops from Inverness in the north, to reinforce Edinburgh. However Charles and his growing army approached the city before this could be done. Gardiner's Dragoons had fallen back before the rebels before joining with Hamilton's regiment near Edinburgh at Guest's suggestion to await Cope's reinforcements. In the face of the rapidly advancing Jacobite force the dragoons under Brigadier Thomas Fowke retired to Prestonpans. This left General Guest to hold Edinburgh Castle with a garrison of only 600, consisting mainly of the newly raised Edinburgh Regiment, remnants of the dispersed Town Guard and volunteers.

Varying accounts are given of his conduct when Edinburgh was in the hands of the rebels. According to some he was offered and refused a bribe of £200,000 to surrender the castle; others including Robert Chambers in his 'Memorials of Edinburgh,' who bases his assertions on 'information received from a member of the Preston family,' declare that Guest was a Jacobite at heart; that at the council of war held on the arrival of the fugitives from the battle of Prestonpans he proposed to surrender, as the garrison was too weak to defend the place if attacked; and that this proposal was successfully opposed by George Preston, who remained in the castle as a volunteer, and according to this version was the real defender of the stronghold.

The castle was successfully held by General Guest and his garrison during the time Edinburgh was occupied by the rebels, the defenders cannonading Prince Charles's followers at the review preceding their march into England. Prince Charles ordered a blockade of the castle from 29 September 1745 hoping to starve the Government force into submission. Guest ordered the castle artillery to fire on the besiegers, which caused casualties amongst civilians resident in the neighborhood and damage to their property. The Jacobite blockade was accordingly lifted on 5 October and supplies to the castle resumed under an informal truce.

Preston, a veteran of eighty-seven, who, it is said, was wheeled round the guards and sentries in a chair every two hours during the hottest part of the blockade, went to his Scottish home unrewarded. Guest returned to London in a horse-litter, after the overthrow at the battle of Culloden (16 April 1746), to receive the gratitude of the king and people.

Death
Guest died at his lodgings, Brook Street, London, 14 October 1747, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a monument was erected to him by his widow. In his will, dated 22 May 1746, and proved 26 October 1747, his wife Sarah is the only person mentioned. She died 17 July 1751, and is buried in the abbey near her husband. By her will she left lands and tenements to her husband's connections the Smiths, and considerable legacies to her own relatives of the names of Leigh, Blacklidge, and Winstanley. Guest's niece married Captain Leonard Smelt.

References

1660 births
1747 deaths
Military personnel from Yorkshire
Burials at Westminster Abbey
British Army lieutenant generals
British Army personnel of the Jacobite rising of 1745

Joshua Guest


Nordstrom, Inc. () is an American luxury department store chain headquartered in Seattle, Washington, and founded by John W. Nordstrom and Carl F. Wallin in 1901. The original Wallin & Nordstrom store operated exclusively as a shoe store, and a second Nordstrom shoe store opened in 1923. The growing Nordstrom Best chain began selling clothing in 1963, and became the Nordstrom full-line retailer that presently exists by 1971. The company founded its off-price Nordstrom Rack division in 1973, and grew both full-line and off-price divisions throughout the United States in the following years. The full-line division competes with department stores including Bloomingdale's, Macy's, Neiman Marcus, and Saks Fifth Avenue, while the off-price division competes with retailers including the TJX Companies and Ross Stores. Previous expansions beyond the contiguous United States include Puerto Rico (2015–2020) and Canada (2014–2023).

Early history
John W. Nordstrom was born on February 15, 1871, in the town of Luleå in Northern Sweden. In 1887, Nordstrom immigrated to the United States at the age of 16. His name at birth was Johan Nordström, which he later anglicized to John Nordstrom. After landing in New York, he began working in Michigan and was able to save enough money to purchase a  potato farm in Arlington, Washington. In 1897, he joined the Klondike Gold Rush in Canada's Yukon Territory. After two years of prospecting, he finally struck gold, but sold his disputed claim for $13,000. Returning to Seattle with his newfound wealth, he married Hilda Carlson in 1900 and searched for a business venture.

Operations during 20th century

Wallin & Nordstrom and Nordstrom Best

Nordstrom eventually settled on a shoe store that opened in 1901, called Wallin & Nordstrom. Carl F. Wallin, the co-founder of the store, was the owner of the adjacent shoe repair shop. John and Hilda had five children, three of whom would follow him into the family business, Everett W. (1903), Elmer J. (1904) and Lloyd N. Nordstrom.

In 1928, John W. Nordstrom retired and sold his shares to two of his sons, Everett and Elmer. In 1929, Wallin also retired and sold his shares to them. The 1930 grand opening of the remodeled Second Avenue store marked the change of name to Nordstrom. Lloyd Nordstrom subsequently joined the company in 1933, and the three brothers ran the business together for almost forty years.

By 1958, Nordstrom had expanded to eight stores in two states but still sold only shoes. Apparel came with its purchase of Best's Apparel of Seattle in 1963, and the company's name was changed to Nordstrom Best.

Following renaming to Nordstrom

In 1971, the company was taken public on NASDAQ. It was moved to the New York Stock Exchange in 1999 under the ticker symbol JWN after John W. Nordstrom, its founder.

Their business continued beyond stores in 1974. On December 5, the National Football League announced the signing of a franchise agreement that would put a team in Seattle, Washington. Representing the family as majority partner of the consortium was Lloyd W. Nordstrom. However, he would never see a game as owner, as he died of a heart attack on January 20, 1976, eight months before the newly christened Seattle Seahawks took the field. With his death, the estate of Mr. Nordstrom would oversee the team, with co-owner and entrepreneur Herman Sarkowsky serving as the team's first chief operating officer.

By 1975, Nordstrom expanded into Alaska (the only time by acquisition) by purchasing Northern Commercial Company and opened its first Nordstrom Rack clearance store in Seattle. A strong northwest regional retailer with sales already approaching $250 million making it the third-largest specialty retailer in the United States, the company opened its first Southern California store at South Coast Plaza in Costa Mesa in 1978. By the early 1990s, it had opened 26 stores plus Racks in California. Subsequent expansion relied on creating a strongly decentralized regional structure, beginning with the Northeast in the Tysons Corner Center in Virginia (1988), the Midwest  in the Oakbrook Center in Illinois (1991), the Southeast in Atlanta (1998), and the Southwest in Dallas (1996). In a new region, the initial store was used as a base for training and recruitment for subsequent expansion, and was usually backed by its own distribution center. From 1978 to 1995, Nordstrom opened a total of 46 full-line department stores.

In 1976, Nordstrom opened a series of stores called Place Two to sell a more limited selection of apparel in smaller markets. By 1983, there were ten Place Two stores, but the cost of upgrading the smaller stores, especially from a systems perspective, outweighed the benefit, and the division was discontinued. The last two remaining Place Two stores closed on April 1, 1995. In August 1988, the Nordstroms sold the Seahawks to real estate developer Ken Behring and his partner Ken Hofmann for $80 million.

The company also expanded into direct sales in 1993, beginning with a catalog division led by John N.'s son Dan that was followed by an e-commerce business. Nordstrom.com's fulfillment and contact centers are located in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; and Seattle, Washington. Currently, it has distribution centers in Ontario, California; Newark, California; Portland, Oregon; Dubuque, Iowa; Upper Marlboro, Maryland; and Gainesville, Florida.

Nordstrom FSB, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nordstrom, Inc., is a federally chartered savings bank doing business as Nordstrom Bank. It was formed in 1991 in Scottsdale, Arizona, with its customer contact center in Centennial, Colorado. Nordstrom FSB was formerly known as Nordstrom National Credit Bank and changed its name to Nordstrom FSB in March 2000. The bank offers various banking and credit products, such as Nordstrom Signature VISA, Nordstrom retail credit and debit cards, interest-bearing checking accounts, check cards, and certificates of deposits. It offers Nordstrom customers cards under Nordstrom Rewards – its customer loyalty program – where customers earn points when making purchases with the card at Nordstrom and other retailers.

In 1995, Nordstrom opened their first store location in New York State. It is located at The Westchester, an upscale shopping mall in White Plains, New York, a suburb of New York City. Nordstrom has since opened stores in Garden City, New York, and Manhattan (in 2019).

Beginning in 1995, the fourth generation of brothers and cousins had been co-presidents for a time. John Whitacre was appointed as the first non-Nordstrom CEO in 1997. In 1998, Nordstrom replaced its downtown Seattle store with a new flagship location in the former Frederick & Nelson building across the street. A two-year renovation of this location was completed in 2016. At , the downtown Seattle location is the chain's largest store. By contrast, the smallest Nordstrom store, as of September 2008, opened in 1980 in Salem, Oregon, with a total area of just under . This location has since closed.

In 1998, Nordstrom opened its first location in the Southeast at Perimeter Mall in Atlanta, Georgia.

Operations during 21st century

2000–2009

In 2000 the Nordstrom family reasserted its control, with the sons of Bruce A. (Blake, Erik and Peter) assuming senior roles in the company which they continue to hold. Blake Nordstrom served as sole President of the company from 2000 to 2014 with Erik and Peter joining him as co-Presidents in 2015.

Nordstrom sold its stand-alone boutique chain Façonnable in 2007, though it still offers that label in its lineup.

2010–2019
In February 2011, Nordstrom announced the acquisition of HauteLook, an LA-based online retailer that offers flash sales on designer goods. The deal included Nordstrom paying $180 million in stock and a three-year "earn-out" payment based on HauteLook's financial performance. On May 26, 2011, Nordstrom announced that they would be closing the downtown Indianapolis, Indiana, Circle Center Mall location due to declining business at the site. The remaining location on the north side of the city at the Fashion Mall at Keystone as well as the future Nordstrom Rack store in the Rivers Edge Shopping Center, also on the north side, remained as the only two locations in the state. Erik Nordstrom, president of stores at Nordstrom stated, "We've enjoyed serving our customers in downtown Indianapolis, but unfortunately our business has declined over the long term for some time and despite our efforts to turn things around we don't see the outlook significantly changing."

In August 2011, Nordstrom opened the store Treasure & Bond in SoHo, New York. Intended to test the waters of the tumultuous high-end department store scene in New York, all profits of Treasure & Bond are donated to charity. The customer base of the smaller store is thought to be the younger sisters of the typical Nordstrom customer.

Nordstrom announced plans to open a Nordstrom Rack in Milwaukee in 2014. In late November 2012, Nordstrom announced that they would also be opening a full-line Nordstrom Department Store in 2015 in Milwaukee at Mayfair Mall, a half-mile away from the Nordstrom Rack location. Milwaukee was the largest metropolitan area in the country that did not have a Nordstrom until 2015. Such unmet demand was highlighted in Nordstrom's decision to open in the Milwaukee area.

On January 4, 2013, Nordstrom announced plans for a new location in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan region. The store, to be located at the Ridgedale Center, would be the second in the area. Following the success of its Mall of America opening in 1992, Nordstrom sought to expand in the Twin Cities market. Plans for a Ridgedale Center store were first released in 2007, only to be canceled in 2009. The location eventually opened in September 2015.

Nordstrom opened a 138,000-square-foot, two-level, full-line store March 2015 in The Mall of San Juan in San Juan, Puerto Rico. After Hurricane Maria in 2017, the store suffered major water damage and it closed temporarily after the hurricane. Nordstrom reopened the store on November 9, 2018. On May 7, 2020, Nordstrom announced that it would not reopen due to COVID-19 pandemic, leaving this store closed permanently.

In May 2015, Pete and Erik Nordstrom joined their brother Blake Nordstrom as co-presidents of Nordstrom. This arrangement lasted until Blake Nordstrom's death in January 2019. Before this appointment, Pete Nordstrom was executive vice president and president of merchandising while Erik Nordstrom was executive vice president and president of Nordstrom.com.

Nordstrom opened its first Rack location in Philadelphia in the fall of 2014. In the fall of 2015, Nordstrom opened their first Nordstrom Rack store in Delaware.  The company is opening its first full-line store in New York City on April 12, 2018, a three-floor store at 57th Street and Broadway, in the Columbus Circle neighborhood.

In 2016, Nordstrom entered into a partnership with Tesla Motors under which the automaker opened retail galleries inside the Nordstrom locations in The Grove, Los Angeles, in SouthPark Mall in Charlotte, North Carolina and in Somerset Collection in Troy, Michigan.

In 2016, Nordstrom began selling products from J. Crew, Olivia Palermo + Chelsea28, Adore Me, and Eloquii. In 2017, Nordstrom announced they would be expanding their natural beauty-focused stations.

On February 2, 2017, Bloomberg News reported that Nordstrom would cease to carry Ivanka Trump's branded fashion line, citing weak sales. The retailer cuts 10 percent of its most poorly performing brands each year. Nordstrom's action came after a boycott campaign against retailers carrying products having Trump family labels.  President Donald Trump responded with a tweet directed at Nordstrom, condemning the brand for its treatment of his daughter. The company's stock dropped by 0.65% in the aftermath of the tweet before ending the day with a gain of more than 4%. Fortune declared this quick recovery to have broken Trump's market-moving "tweet curse".

In October 2017, Nordstrom launched its first "Nordstrom Local" in West Hollywood, which is set to focus on personal shopping and styling, rather than carrying merchandise. In June 2017, Nordstrom Inc.'s founding family, which owned 31.2 percent of the company, said it was looking to take Nordstrom private. In October, the family suspended its efforts, because of trouble completing a financing package. Lenders were asking for 13 percent interest, about twice the typical rate for retailers.

On January 2, 2019 Blake Nordstrom, co-president of Nordstrom, died suddenly at the age of 58. He was a lifetime employee of his family's company, rising through the ranks until he became a vice-president and then co-president.

In fiscal year 2019, digital sales reached 33% of total sales, marking a growing transition to online retail.

2020–present

On March 3, 2020, Erik Nordstrom became the sole CEO of Nordstrom.

On March 16, the company announced that effective the following day, all locations would temporarily close during the COVID-19 pandemic. On May 5, Nordstrom began reopening stores and announced that sixteen locations would permanently close by August.

In late September, Nordstrom announced that by the end of 2021, their stores and websites would no longer sell products made from fur or exotic skins.

In October 2021, Nordstrom announced an agreement with 11 Honoré, an online retailer of plus-sized designer fashion, to sell the company's clothing in Nordstrom stores and on their website.

Nordstrom Canada

Nordstrom Canada Retail, Inc. () was the Canadian division of Nordstrom. It was announced on September 13, 2012, opened its first store on September 19, 2014, and closed its final stores on June 13, 2023. In this market, it competed with Canadian department stores including Holt Renfrew, Hudson's Bay, and Simons.

Four full-line Nordstrom stores were announced for the first phase of expansion, with nine full-line stores total expected in the long term. Most of these stores are located in vacated Sears Canada storefronts in Cadillac Fairview-managed shopping centers, including Chinook Centre in Calgary; Rideau Centre in Ottawa; Toronto Eaton Centre in Toronto; and Pacific Centre in Vancouver. The stores at the CF-managed Sherway Gardens and the Oxford-managed Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto were new construction. Of the first four stores announced, the Calgary store was the first to open on September 19, 2014. It was followed by the Ottawa store on March 6, 2015; the Vancouver store on September 18, 2015; and the Sherway Gardens store on September 15, 2017. The Yorkdale store was confirmed on April 8, 2013, and opened on October 21, 2016. The Toronto Eaton Centre was the last of the six stores to be announced on January 15, 2014, however, it was the fourth to open on September 18, 2016.

The first Nordstrom Rack opened at Vaughan Mills on March 21, 2018; and then a second location in Deerfoot Meadows in Calgary and a flagship location at One Bloor in Toronto opened on May 3, 2018. Nordstrom Rack opened three other additional stores in Fall 2018; one at Heartland Town Centre in Mississauga, one at Ottawa Trainyards, and finally one at South Edmonton Commons.

On March 2, 2023, Nordstrom announced that they would be closing all their Canadian stores, which would entail 2,500 staff losing their jobs. The company stated, "Despite our best efforts, we do not see a realistic path to profitability for the Canadian business." The closing will be done under court supervision within the framework of the Canadian Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA), with the help of a third-party liquidator. Liquidation sales began for all locations on March 21, 2023. All Canadian Nordstrom Rack locations closed on May 14, 2023, while all Canadian full-line stores closed on June 13, 2023.

Retail formats

Nordstrom

, there are 100 full-line Nordstrom department stores, which average .

Nordstrom holds six annual sales. Two of these are Half-Yearly sales, which take place semi-annually in May and late December, as well as three additional seasonal sales. Nordstrom's largest sale event is the Nordstrom Anniversary Sale, which is held each July. Limited amounts of merchandise set to be released for the following fall are sent to Nordstrom stores early, where they are sold at discount. For ten days prior to Anniversary Sale, Nordstrom gives early access to members who make appointments.

Nordstrom Local
Nordstrom Local service hubs are oriented for amenities including online order pickup, personal styling, and tailoring. They do not have their own inventory, and instead source merchandise from full-line stores as needed. , there are seven Nordstrom Local locations between New York City and Los Angeles, which average .

Restaurants
Fast casual and full-service restaurants operate within most Nordstrom full-line stores.

Nordstrom Rack

Nordstrom Rack originated as a bargain basement in the downtown Seattle flagship store in 1973. It has since expanded into an off-price department store chain in its own right. , there are 249 Nordstrom Rack locations.

Last Chance
Last Chance clearance stores sell merchandise that cannot be resold at Nordstrom or Nordstrom Rack, including Nordstrom Rack returns that exceed the 45-day return policy. , there are two Last Chance locations in the Chicago and Phoenix suburbs.

Flagship stores
, Nordstrom operates five flagship stores in four states. They are noted for being considerably smaller than competitors' flagship stores.

Brand identity

Logo

Rankings
In 2009, Nordstrom was listed at No. 72 in Fortune magazine's 100 Best Companies to Work For 2009.  Nordstrom is a Hall of Fame member of Fortune magazine's "100 Best Companies to Work For".  Nordstrom was No. 36 on the same list in 2008, No. 24 in 2007, No. 46  in 2006 and No. 88 in 2005. For the 20th year in a row, they made the list coming in at No. 94 in 2017.

In 2010, it ranked number 53, and dropped to 61 in 2012.

In 2018, the company was ranked 183rd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue.

In December 2013, the fashion trade magazine, Women's Wear Daily reported Nordstrom as the top fashion retailer.

2019 was the 25th year that Nordstrom was listed on the Fortune 500.

References

External links

Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Department stores of the United States
Department stores of Canada
Companies based in Seattle
Clothing retailers of the United States
American companies established in 1901
Retail companies established in 1901
1901 establishments in Washington (state)
1970s initial public offerings
Family-owned companies of the United States
2014 establishments in Canada
2023 disestablishments in Canada

Nordstrom


Hitchcock/Truffaut is a 1966 book by François Truffaut about Alfred Hitchcock, originally released in French as Le Cinéma selon Alfred Hitchcock.

First published by Éditions Robert Laffont, it is based on a 1962 dialogue between Hitchcock and Truffaut, in which the two directors spent a week in a room at Universal Studios talking about movies. The book walks through all of Hitchcock's films, from his early British period to Torn Curtain. After Hitchcock's death, Truffaut updated the book with a new preface and final chapter on Hitchcock's later films Topaz, Frenzy and Family Plot, as well as his unrealized project The Short Night.

Background
In the preface to the revised edition, Truffaut explains that "In 1962, while in New York to present Jules and Jim, I noticed that every journalist asked me the same question: 'Why do the critics of Cahiers du Cinéma take Hitchcock so seriously? He's rich and successful, but his movies have no substance.' In the course of an interview during which I praised Rear Window  to the skies, an American critic surprised me by commenting, you love Rear Window because you know nothing about Greenwich Village. To this absurd statement, I replied, 'Rear Window is not about Greenwich Village, it is a film about cinema, and I do know cinema.'

Upon my return to Paris, I was still disturbed by this exchange. From my past career as a critic, in common with all of the young writers from Cahiers du Cinéma, I still felt the imperative need to convince. It was obvious that Hitchcock, whose genius for publicity was equaled only by that of Salvador Dali, had in the long run been victimized in American intellectual circles because of his facetious response to interviewers and his deliberate practice of deriding their questions. In examining his films it was obvious that he had given more thought to the potential of his art form than any of his colleagues. It occurred to me that if he would, for the first time, agree to responding seriously to a systematic questionnaire, the resulting document might modify the American critics' approach to Hitchcock."

Content
Truffaut and Hitchcock trace the arc of Hitchcock's career: his design of title cards for silent films; his time in Germany and the influence of Lang and Murnau; The Lodger (1927), which Hitchcock regards as his true debut; Blackmail (1929), the first talkie made in Britain; The 39 Steps (1935), which Truffaut sees as a summation of Hitchcock's British period; the move to Hollywood with Rebecca (1940); Rope (1948), made to look like it was filmed in one take; the "spectacular comeback" of Strangers on a Train (1951); North by Northwest (1959), which Truffaut sees as a summation of Hitchcock's American period, and the success of Psycho (1960).

Hitchcock explains how he approaches stories. He defines his concept of the MacGuffin: "Well, it's the device, the gimmick, if you will... The theft of secret documents was the original MacGuffin. So the 'MacGuffin' is the term we use to cover all that sort of thing: to steal plans or documents, or discover a secret, it doesn't matter what it is. And the logicians are wrong in trying to figure out the truth of a MacGuffin, since it's beside the point. The only thing that really matters is that in the picture the plans, documents, or secrets must seem to be of vital importance to the characters. To me, the narrator, they're of no importance whatever." He says that "Psycho had a very interesting construction and that game with the audience was fascinating. I was directing the viewers. You might say I was playing them, like an organ." He also explores technical aspects of his films, like the dolly zoom, where the lens zooms forward while the camera pulls away.

The revised edition includes several stills from Hitchcock's films, excerpts from his sketchbooks and a full filmography of the director. Hitchcock says Shadow of a Doubt is his favorite of his films, while Truffaut picks Rear Window, which he interprets as a film about watching film, noting that "James Stewart is exactly in the position of a spectator looking at a movie." Hitchcock also speaks at length about Vertigo, which got mixed reviews on its release but is regarded by many as his masterpiece; in the 2012 Sight & Sound poll, it was voted the greatest film of all time.

Reception and legacy
The book helped establish Hitchcock's reputation as an auteur in the United States. Reviewing the revised edition in The New York Times Book Review, Phillip Lopate wrote that "One is ravished by the density of insights into cinematic questions...Truffaut performed a tour de force of tact in getting this ordinarily guarded man to open up as he had never done before (and never would again)... If the 1967 Hitchcock/Truffaut can now be seen as something of a classic, this revised version is even better." Truffaut would pay homage to Hitchcock in his films The Bride Wore Black, Mississippi Mermaid and Confidentially Yours and would work with composer Bernard Herrmann, who scored several Hitchcock films. Truffaut tells Hitchcock "It has often occurred to me that one could make a first-rate comedy about the making of a movie"; in 1973, he directed Day For Night, a comedy about the making of a movie in which he plays the director.

In 1979, Hitchcock was honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute. Truffaut spoke at the ceremony, saying "In America, you call this man 'Hitch'. In France, we call him Monsieur Hitchcock... I asked Monsieur Hitchcock to give me an interview of fifty hours and to reveal all his secrets. The result was a book. Actually, it was like a cookbook, full of recipes for making films."

In 2010 Hitchcock/Truffaut tied for second in Sight & Sound's poll of the greatest books on film.

The book is the inspiration for the 2015 documentary Hitchcock/Truffaut by Kent Jones. In it, several prominent directors, including Wes Anderson, Peter Bogdanovich, Paul Schrader and Martin Scorsese speak of the book's influence on them. The documentary was released to critical acclaim, with Todd McCarthy describing it as "Something of a film buff's nirvana" and "a resourceful, illuminating and very welcome documentation both of filmmaking and the making of film history."

See also
 Hawks on Hawks, a 1982 book of interviews between Joseph McBride and Howard Hawks
 This is Orson Welles, a 1992 book of interviews between Orson Welles and Peter Bogdanovich

References

External links
  (Audio)

1966 non-fiction books
Non-fiction books about film directors and producers
Books about film
French non-fiction books
Works about Alfred Hitchcock
Non-fiction books adapted into films
Éditions Robert Laffont books

Hitchcock/Truffaut


Mr Miacca is an English fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in his English Fairy Tales.

Synopsis
Tommy was sometimes bad, and when he was, he would go out into the street though his mother warned him that Mr Miacca would catch him.  One day, Mr. Miacca did.  He took him home to eat him, but went out to get herbs, so he would not be bitter.  He asked Mrs. Miacca if they never had anything but boy-meat—never pudding.  She said she loved pudding but rarely got it.  Tommy said his mother was making some, and he would run and see if she would give some.  Mrs. Miacca said to get some but to be back in time for dinner. Tommy ran home.

He still could not be good, and Mr. Miacca caught him again, and this time put him under the couch and watched the pot to boil himself.  Then he demanded that Tommy put out a leg.  He did.  Mr. Miacca grabbed it and threw it in the pot, and Tommy ran off, because it had been the couch leg.

He went home and never went past the road corner again until he was old enough.

See also
Buttercup

References
 Maria Tatar (1993) Off with their heads!: fairy tales and the culture of childhood (Princeton University Press)  pages 23–25

External links
Mr Miacca

English fairy tales
Joseph Jacobs

Mr Miacca