In March 2021, the Suez Canal was blocked for six days by the , a container ship that had run aground in the canal. The , 224,000-ton,  vessel was buffeted by strong winds on the morning of 23 March, and ended up wedged across the waterway with its bow and stern stuck in the canal banks, blocking all traffic until it could be freed. Egyptian authorities said that "technical or human errors" may have also been involved. The obstruction occurred south of the two-channel section of the canal, so there was no way around it for other ships. The Suez Canal Authority (SCA) engaged Boskalis through its subsidiary Smit International to manage marine salvage operations. The blockage of one of the world's busiest trade routes significantly slowed down trade between Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

On 28 March, at least 369 ships were queuing to pass through the canal, stranding an estimated US$9.6 billion worth of trade. On 29 March, Ever Given was partially re-floated and moved by about 80 percent in the correct direction, although the bow remained stuck until the ship was finally freed by Egyptian, Dutch, and Italian tugs at 15:05 EGY (13:05 UTC); it took 14 tug boats at high tide to dislodge it. The ship started moving under tow towards the Great Bitter Lake for technical inspection. The canal was checked for damage and  found to be sound; the SCA allowed shipping to resume from 19:00 EGY (17:00 UTC) on 29 March.

The vessel was subsequently impounded by the Egyptian government on 13 April 2021 when its owner and insurers refused to pay the demanded billion-dollar compensation. A formal settlement among the ship owner, the insurers, and the Canal Authority was finally reached in July. The ship set sail again on 7 July 2021, stopping for inspections at Port Said before continuing to its original destination, port of Rotterdam.

After the incident, the Egyptian government announced that they will widen the narrower parts of the canal.

Background

The Suez Canal, one of the world's most important trading routes, was opened in 1869. By 2021, approximately fifty ships per day travelled through the canal, about 12 percent of total global trade at the time. For much of its length, however, the canal is not wide enough to allow two ships to pass each other; convoys of ships must take turns transiting these segments of the waterway. An expansion project is underway, but significant portions of the canal remain single-laned.

 (IMO 9811000) was laid down on 25 December 2015, launched 9 May 2018, and completed 25 September 2018, replacing an earlier ship of the same name (IMO 8320901).  At the time of the incident, she was registered in Panama, owned by the Japanese firm Shoei Kisen Kaisha, leased to the Taiwan-based container shipping company Evergreen Marine for operation, and managed by Bernhard Schulte Shipmanagement. All crew were Indian nationals and none were injured in the incident. The owner Shoei Kisen Kaisha had protection and indemnity (third party) liability coverage for $3.1 billion with mutual UK P&I Club in the Japanese market. In addition, container ships of this size are typically insured for hull and machinery damage of $100 and $140 million.

Prior to the incident, Ever Given had sailed through the canal 22 times. Bill Kavanagh has described sailing through the Suez Canal as "a very complex and high risk operation". Wind gusts will cause the stacked containers to "act like a sail" to blow the heavy ship off course, and its enormous momentum makes it difficult to recover.

The government of Egypt requires ships traversing the canal to be boarded by an Egyptian "Suez crew", including one or more official maritime pilots from Egypt's SCA who command the ship, taking over from the regular crew and the captain. There were two Egyptian SCA pilots on board at the time of the accident.

Incident

On 23 March 2021, Ever Given was travelling from Tanjung Pelepas, Malaysia, to the Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands. As it traversed the Suez Canal, it was fifth in a northbound convoy through the single-lane stretch, with fifteen vessels behind it. At 07:40 EGY (05:40 UTC), the ship was caught in a sandstorm. Strong winds exceeding  resulted in the "loss of the ability to steer the ship", causing the hull to deviate. The ship ran aground at the  mark measured from Port Said on the Mediterranean Sea,  from Suez Port on the Gulf of Suez, near the village of Manshiyet Rugola. The ship turned sideways, unable to free itself, blocking the canal on both sides. The crew, consisting entirely of Indian nationals, was accounted for and no injuries were reported.

According to an analysis of data from ship-tracking websites by Evert Lataire, head of Maritime Technology division at the University of Ghent, the bank effect, which may cause the stern of a ship to swing toward the near bank when operating in constricted waterway, may have contributed to the grounding, along with the lateral forces of west-to-east winds pushing sideways against the northbound ship. Since most of the focus of modern ship design is directed towards efficiency and stability at sea, the effects of hydrodynamics in shallow waters, especially in light of the rapidly growing size of ships in the past decade, remain somewhat obscure and in need of further study.

Over 300 vessels at both ends of the canal were obstructed by Ever Given, including five other container ships of similar size. These included 41 bulk carriers and 24 crude oil tankers. The affected vessels represented roughly  of deadweight. Some docked at ports and anchorages in the area, while many remained in place. The Ever Givens sister ship, Ever Greet, was affected by the disruption, as were two Russian Navy vessels:   and  Kola. These two vessels, believed to have been the only military vessels affected by the blockage, were conducting naval exercises in the area at the time. Kola had been involved in a minor collision with bulk carrier Ark Royal earlier that day; the two were anchored roughly  away from each other for the duration of the incident.

Salvage and refloating

On 25 March, the Suez Canal Authority (SCA) suspended navigation through the canal until Ever Given could be refloated. On the same day, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi's advisor on seaports stated that he expected the canal to be cleared in "48–72 hours, maximum". The Suez Canal Authority engaged the Dutch company Royal Boskalis Westminster through its subsidiary Smit Salvage to manage marine salvage operations. Peter Berdowski, Chief Executive of Boskalis, stated on that such an operation "can take days to weeks". On 26 March, the SCA accepted an offer made by a United States Navy assessment team of dredging experts to assist in efforts to remove the ship.

Boskalis' team of experts collaborated with the Canal Authority, directing a team of Egyptian, Dutch, and Japanese workers. Over a dozen tugboats were brought to tow and push the ship, and suction dredgers to remove sand and silt from under her bow and stern. High-capacity pumps were brought to remove or redistribute the weight of fuel oil and water ballast on the ship. Backup plans contemplated unloading the 18,300 TEU of 15-tonne containers using large floating cranes or even heavy lift helicopters, but this was deemed impractical and hazardous.

As a first step, vessels were moved from behind Ever Given to make room for the refloating operation. Fuel and nine thousand tonnes of ballast water were removed to lighten the ship as an excavator began to dig out the bow. By the following day, the Canal Authority said its dredging operations were about 87 percent complete.

On 27 March, the SCA said that 14 tugboats were trying to take advantage of that day's high tide and that more would arrive the following day. Yukito Higaki, president of Shoei Kisen Kaisha, reported: "The ship is not taking water. Once it refloats, it should be able to operate." By 18:00 UTC, the ship had moved north by . More than 300 ships were delayed near the canal, with others still approaching and some diverted to alternative routes. Delays were expected to persist even after Ever Given was freed, as vessels might face busy ports.

Osama Rabie, SCA chairman, told a press conference that weather conditions were "not the main reasons" for the ship's grounding, adding that "there may have been technical or human errors", and that all factors would be investigated.

On 28 March, efforts to dislodge the ship progressed to allow some movement of the stern and its rudder at high tide. Rabie said that "at any time the ship could slide and move from the spot it is in", and he hoped it would not be necessary to unload containers from the ship, despite strong tides and winds complicating recovery efforts. This came as the Egyptian President, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, ordered preliminary preparations be made for lightening the ship's cargo. The seagoing tug Alp Guard, with a bollard pull of 285 tonnes, arrived that morning, almost doubling the available towing capacity.

On 29 March, the stern of Ever Given was refloated at 04:30 local time (02:30 UTC), and a second seagoing tug, the Italian Carlo Magno, with a bollard pull of 153 tonnes arrived, giving a further large increase in towing capacity. Ballast was adjusted, and towing timed to make maximum use of the ebbing king tide of a supermoon tidal flow. At 15:05 local time (13:05 UTC), the ship was pulled free.

The vessel was towed to the Great Bitter Lake for inspection. After a search of the bottom and soil of the canal, it was reopened to shipping from 19:00 local time (17:00 UTC). By then more than 400 ships were waiting: approximately 200 in the Red Sea, under 200 in the Mediterranean Sea; and around 50 in the Bitter Lakes.

On 31 March, with the Ever Given at anchor in the Great Bitter Lake along the canal, divers and SCA investigators started inspecting the ship for damage, as well as interrogating the crew to determine the causes of the grounding. The backlog of ships delayed by the blockage was finally cleared by 3 April.

In June 2021, the SCA stated that one person died during the six-day salvage operation.

Events during the several days the canal was blocked highlighted the difficulties of saving larger ships, which requires more time and more equipment. If Ever Given had required intervention of floating cranes to remove some containers (assuming crane ships of sufficient capacity would have been available within any realistic time-frame), the process would have required larger equipment working for longer, and would have been likely to prolong the blockage by "days, even weeks".

Legal issues and seizure

Legal compensation claims
Through April and May, the ship remained under seizure, pending a settlement for damages between the ship's owners and the SCA. SCA head Osama Rabie demanded a billion dollar compensation for lost revenue and the cost of the salvage operation, and warned that legal battles could prevent the departure of the ship. Concerns were raised for the crew, who would be effectively detained until the incident was resolved.

Merchant marine operations, always complex, expensive, and risky, are regulated under the centuries-old international Admiralty law. The issue was complicated by the "labyrinthine ownership structure of container ships", issues of jurisdiction, and competing investigation results. While the ship's Japanese owner, Shoei Kisen, indicated a willingness to pay compensation, it might not shoulder the burden alone, and filed a lawsuit against the ship's operator. On 4 April, the owner declared "general average", a principle of maritime law that "the owner of cargo on board a ship should contribute to the cost of rescuing the vessel during a major casualty event". The previous time this was invoked, following the 2018 fire on the Maersk Honam, the adjustor fixed a salvage payment of 54% of the value for cargo owners to recover their property. This could be particularly damaging to owners of uninsured shipments, such as small businesses. The general average process was stalled by the seizure of the ship, as the process requires that "the goods and the ship must successfully reach the destination, otherwise, there is no general average". Further complications were caused by the huge number of cargo interests involved.

Seizure
On 13 April, the ship was seized by a court in Ismailia after a request by the SCA pending payment of compensations exceeding US$916 million, including $300 million for the salvage and 300 million for "loss of reputation". Marine industry specialists considered this an "outrageous" measure causing unnecessary duress to both the crew and cargo owners. The Indian crew members remained effectively detained on board, although two of the 25 were allowed to depart on 15 April due to "urgent personal circumstances". The ship's operator Evergreen was reportedly exploring options to transfer cargo to another ship to fulfill its delivery commitments, but an Egyptian court confirmed that the arrest affected both the ship and its cargo.

A major concern remained for the crew, as it has not been unprecedented for a crew to be stuck for years while claims are resolved. Local seafarer union representatives visited the crew and captain on 18 April, who were eager to resume sailing. Parallels were made with the MV Aman (IMO 9215517), detained in the canal since July 2017 due to safety and regulatory issues and with one crew member obliged to remain on board as legal guardian. The International Labour Organization noted that this trend of "seafarer abandonment" was on the rise, and there were more than 250 known cases as of April 2021. Three further crew members whose contracts were expiring were allowed to leave on 29 April. Day-to-day operations on board to ship, including routine safety drills and maintenance, were continuing as usual, with the ship's manager saying that "minimum safe manning standards for the vessel will be maintained at all times". According to the International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF), the crew was well cared for, although it stated that such situations highlight the necessity to further protect seafarers' rights, calling the crew "human pawns in a wider game being played over compensation".

The ship's insurer British P&I Club rejected the SCA compensation claim as unjustified and excessive, while the SCA blamed the ship's owner for being unwilling "to pay anything". On 16 April, it was also reported that the ship could be moved from its location on the Great Bitter Lake to Port Said for further inspection: the ship's classification society had already issued a fitness certificate for the move. On 23 April, the insurer lodged an appeal against the detention of the ship, which was denied by an Egyptian judge on 4 May. The ship owner Shoei Kisen Kaisha notified container owners of their liability in any compensation payment under "general average". The ship remained in a legal grey area.

On 10 May, the SCA cut its compensation claims down to $600 million.

On 7 July 2021, Egyptian authorities released the ship after an unspecified settlement was reached, including a 75-ton tugboat from the ship owner Shoei Kisen Kaisha. Ever Given sailed to Port Said. Inspections were carried out, with the vessel finally departing on 12 July, after a delay of more than 100 days. Ever Given finally reached Rotterdam and Felixstowe with its cargo, after which it was taken out of service for inspection and maintenance, sailing through the canal again on 20 August en route to Qingdao for repairs, and returning to regular service in mid-November 2021.

Economic impact
The incident exposed a need to investigate issues of supply chain resilience and disruption to just-in-time manufacturing already facing shortages from COVID-19 pandemic impacts. The "complete disconnect of ship size development from developments in the actual economy" (OECD report, 2015), and the corresponding limitations of existing infrastructure to handle thema process evident in the Suez, where expansion work on the northern end of the canal has been ongoingled to the incident being described by Michael Safi in The Guardian as a "worst-case scenario that many saw coming".

Rise in prices
Maritime and logistics experts warned that the incident would likely result in shipping delays of everyday items for customers around the world. Maritime historian Sal Mercogliano told the Associated Press: "Every day the canal is closed... container ships and tankers are not delivering food, fuel and manufactured goods to Europe and goods are not being exported from Europe to the Far East." Lloyd's List estimated during the blockage the value of the goods delayed each hour at US$400 million, and that every day it takes to clear the obstruction would disrupt an additional US$9 billion worth of goods. Rabie estimated that Egypt lost $12–14 million per day due to the closure. The SCA calculated it lost approximately US$15 million per day in transit fees. Despite the blockage, overall revenue for the first six months of 2021 was up by 8.8% to US$3 billion when compared with the same period the previous year.

Michael Lynch, president of Strategic Energy and Economic Research, attributed a rise in oil prices to "people buying in after recent declines in oil prices, with the Suez closing the trigger factor". James Williams, energy economist at WTRG Economics, said that in light of existing stocks "a few days of slowdown in [oil] delivery is not critical to the market". On the contrary, the oil prices had plummeted after the Suez Canal became unblocked on 29 March 2021, as a result of delayed supply of oil from other cargo ships.

Knock-on delays
The event delayed goods, which impacted industries with existing shortages, such as with semiconductors, thereby influencing markets already at risk of collapsing. To mitigate shortages of goods in the long term, future shipments could be ordered earlier than normal until the difference has been made up. However, a consultant at another firm noted that even a short-term disruption at the Suez Canal would have a domino effect for several months along the supply chain, an effect already apparent in the weeks following the incident. This kind of disruption is not unique to the incident: the historical trend for shipping rates to rise after interruptions in the supply chain is well documented, and analysts such as Ioannis Theotokas of the University of Piraeus noted that the crisis "led to a lot of losses for freight owners and charterers", and that a prolonged closure could have had impacts similar to the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. Some freight forwarders noted that demand for alternative means of transportation was expected to rise within the next few weeks on Europe to Asia routes, as a consequence of shippers seeking to avoid the disruption and uncertainty caused by the blockage of the canal. Following the resolution of the incident, forwarders in India noted difficulties with securing shipments to Europe or Africa, with many prior bookings cancelled and increased freight rates hitting small and medium-sized exporters particularly harshly. In England and across Europe, supply chain disruption from the canal incident, coupled with an already increased interest in gardening due to COVID-19 lockdowns, led to a shortage of garden gnomes.

Knock-on effects were equally noticeable in several European ports: despite ports anticipating delays and using the week-long lull of the Ever Given blockage to prepare, many had difficulties meeting-up with the demand of the resulting sudden spike in traffic. Shipping lines often discharged containers wherever possible, to be able to return to ports in Asia where several weeks of cargo were available at inflated rates, often prioritising the back-loading of empty containers and leaving urgent deliveries on the quay. Importers were advised of many cases where cargo was discharged, but at a port other than the expected destination, and that there were no schedules for further transport of said cargo, creating a "perfect storm" with no time nor capacity to spare for the delayed shipments. Congestion at Antwerp and Rotterdam was also delaying hinterland barge operations. The quick turn-around of ships in Europe was expected to have an overall positive impact on carrier's ability to recover their schedules, with disruption expected to be cleared up by early June, more than two months after Ever Given had been freed.

Alternative routes
The default alternative route for maritime traffic between Asia and Europe is to go around Africa via the Cape of Good Hope, a trip which can add up to two weeks to journey time, with this alternative having already been taken by some ships as of 26 March. Russia used the incident to promote its Arctic shipping routes as a shorter alternative to carrying goods around Africa.

Concerns about piracy, due to the unprecedented concentration of valuable shipping in such a small area, prompted shipping companies to make inquiries, at the time of the incident, to the Bahrain–based United States Fifth Fleet about security.

The incident highlighted the fragility of the global supply chain by causing tangible damage to businesses across the globe. Rising political tensions raise fears that ill-intentioned actors could similarly disrupt a tightly interconnected global economy by weaponising its chokepoints in the future, despite the prohibition of waterway blockades under the 1888 Constantinople Convention, with devastating effects for world trade.

Livestock
Concern was raised about livestock transported through the route, with 130,000 sheep being transported to Romania alone; Gabi Paun of Animals International stated "Every hour counts for the sheep and the fatality rate will only grow ... even if the law was respected and the ships were carrying 25% more food ... it would nonetheless have been finished by now". A previous 2020 report by the European Commission discovered many ships used for transporting animals were not fit for that purpose, and that oversight was lacking aboard ships of several member states, including Romania, France and Spain. Loading of livestock ships for export was temporarily suspended by the Romanian and Spanish authorities until the canal cleared.

In popular culture
Various internet memes about the incident have been published, alongside numerous jokes. "Ever Given Ever Ywhere", a web app that allows users to place Ever Given anywhere in the world also went viral. Jokes and memes have been posted by users on mobile-platform TikTok depicting their personal interpretations of the incident. Individual suggestions for fixing the incident in a joking manner were also spread on Twitter, alongside comments over the relevance of some users' feeling that their personal issues corresponded to the ship being stuck. Mods were created for Microsoft Flight Simulator showing the ship grounded in the canal. On the day that the Ever Given was unblocked, Google celebrated the event by adding in an Easter egg where searching "Suez Canal" or "Ever Given" would display an animation of boats moving along the sidebar. Some commentators made humorous references to the 1982 book How to Avoid Huge Ships.

An April Fools' story published by The Guardian, claiming plans to build a second canal in Egypt, also gained traction in Turkish media, before it was marked as a fool at noon by The Guardian (as is common for such humorous fabrications).

False rumours were also spread blaming the grounding on the first Egyptian female ship captain, apparently based on a doctored Arab News publication. The female officer in question was actually first mate on board the Aida IV, which was hundreds of miles away in Alexandria at the time of the incident. This highlighted issues of gender in the marine industry, where only 2% of crew are women.

Depictions in media
In 2022, the American television show What We Do in the Shadows referenced the obstruction in its season four episode "Reunited". In the episode, vampire Nandor is stuck in a shipping container on the Ever Given.
 The Analog Horror web series Monument Mythos features a version of the Suez Canal incident where the Ever Given was dislodged with nuclear weapons, triggering a monster invasion in the universe of the series.

See also

 1974 Suez Canal Clearance Operation, a US-led operation to clear the canal of naval mines and wrecked ships after its closure in the Six-Day War
 Ben Gurion Canal Project,  proposed canal through Israel from the Mediterranean to the Gulf of Aqaba
 Closure of the Suez Canal (1956–1957)
 Closure of the Suez Canal (1967–1975)
 High-speed railway to Eilat, a proposed railway in Israel that might act as a backup in case of another obstruction
 Yellow Fleet, a group of fifteen ships trapped in the canal from 1967 to 1975 as a result of the Six-Day War

Notes

References

External links

Chellel, Kit; Matthew Campbell; and K Oahn Ha; "Six Days in Suez: The Inside Story of the Ship That Broke Global Trade", Bloomberg Businessweek, 23 June 2021.
Live global map of marine traffic

2021 in Egypt
Internet memes introduced in 2021
March 2021 events in Africa
Maritime incidents in 2021
Maritime incidents in Egypt
Ship grounding
2021 obstruction
March 2021 events in Egypt
Evergreen Group

de:Ever Given#Sueskanal2021

2021 Suez Canal obstruction


Aliens: The Computer Game is a 1986 video game developed by Software Studios and published by Electric Dreams Software initially for Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. It is based on the film of the same title. Ports for the Commodore 16 and MSX were developed by Mr. Micro and published in 1987.

Gameplay
Aliens: The Computer Game is played from a first-person perspective, and is set inside an atmosphere processing plant, a maze complex consisting of 255 rooms. The player encounters Alien enemies throughout the game. Upon killing an Alien, the body leaves a deadly pool of acid blood that must be avoided. The player also faces the threat of bio-mechanical growth, which, if left uncontained, results in new Alien eggs and facehugger enemies. The player's ultimate goal is to reach the room that houses the Queen Alien and her nests, both of which must be destroyed. The player can directly control a team of Marine soldiers, or can issue orders to the team from the Mobile Tactical Operations Bay (MTOB). When playing from the MTOB, the player has a view of the team's surroundings via video cameras attached to each soldier's helmet.

Reception
According to Retro Gamer, "the game was praised by the computing press - Zzap!, Amstrad Action, and Sinclair User awarded it 81%, 90% and 5/5 respectively." Crash gave it a score of 84%, with one reviewer declaring it "the best game-of-the-film to date," and the review by Zzap!64 also opined it was "the best tie-in game to date, and a good game to boot." Computer Gamer gave this "excellent game of a superb film" an overall score of 80%. Commodore User gave it 8 out of 10 and Your Sinclair gave it 9 out of 10.

In 1993, Commodore Force ranked the game at number 59 on its list of the top 100 Commodore 64 games. In a Retro Gamer retrospective, Darren Jones opined that "despite being incredible basic to look at, Aliens dripped with atmosphere and was quite unlike any movie conversion of the time, and not just because it was so bloody good. A first-person view used in the game perfectly matched the moment in the film when the pumped-up marines start exploring the deserted base and, as the game progressed, it managed to capture all the terror and confusion of the movie in a way few other titles have managed." The magazine also declared it "the scariest 8-bit game ever made." Stephen Kleckner of GamesBeat wrote it "may lack the audio/visual punch of Activision's Aliens game, but the gameplay is more tightly defined and is forward-thinking for its time." He also recommended a Windows fan remake of Aliens titled LV-426.

Reviews
Jeux & Stratégie #44

See also
 List of Alien, Predator and Alien vs. Predator games

References

External links
Aliens: The Computer Game at MobyGames
Aliens at Lemon 64

1986 video games
1980s horror video games
Alien (franchise) games
Amstrad CPC games
Commodore 64 games
MSX games
Single-player video games
Video games based on films
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games featuring female protagonists
ZX Spectrum games
Europe-exclusive video games
Electric Dreams Software games

Aliens: The Computer Game (UK Version)


Gabe Dixon (born December 7, 1977) is an American musician. Dixon began his career in the Nashville-based country band Six Shooter. Between 1998 and 2010, he was the lead singer of The Gabe Dixon Band. Since the band's break-up, Dixon has worked as a solo artist. He has released two studio albums, One Spark (2011) and Turns to Gold (2016), and one live album, Live In Boston (2017). He is also the founder of the label Rolling Ball Records.

As of 2019, Dixon is on tour with the Tedeschi Trucks Band. His original tour with the band was scheduled into 2020, but it was postponed until 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Dixon has since released three singles across 2020: "Smoke Clears", "Bend The Curve" and "New Year Just With You," and he published his latest album, "Lay It On Me," in 2021.

Career

Beginnings and The Gabe Dixon Band

Gabe Dixon started early studying piano influenced by Billy Joel and Elton John. While studying at University of Miami, in 1998, he formed the four-piece band The Gabe Dixon Band alongside drummer Jano Rix, bassist Winston Harrison and alto saxophonist Chandler Webber. He worked with producer/engineer Eddie Kramer to independently release their debut album, More Than It Would Seem. Upon graduation from the University of Miami, the band relocated to New York City and were signed to Reprise by David Kahne.

Dixon played keyboards and sang backing vocals on Paul McCartney's 2001 album, Driving Rain. Dixon also performed live with McCartney at the Concert For New York City, a September 11 fundraiser. McCartney offered Dixon the opportunity to join his world tour, but Dixon declined citing his plans for a new album. Dixon played keyboards and kalimba with Loggins & Messina on their Live: Sittin' In Again at the Santa Barbara Bowl concert which was recorded and released on CD and DVD in 2005.

The band released their major label debut, On a Rolling Ball in 2002. Three years later, they released the Live at World Cafe EP, which featured the song "All Will Be Well" which was featured in promos for the NBC show Conviction.

Following the Live at World Cafe EP, the band signed with Fantasy Records and released The Gabe Dixon Band in August 2008. The band toured the United States in 2008. "Find My Way" was the opening track to the film The Proposal in 2009. The band discontinued in 2010 with Gabe Dixon deciding to go solo.

Solo career
Dixon released his first solo album, One Spark, on August 23, 2011 on Concord Bicycle Music. The album is produced by Marshall Altman and features a duet with Alison Krauss entitled "Even the Rain." Madi Diaz and James Walsh also lend their voices to the songs "Burn for You" and "I Can See You Shine," respectively. He also founded his own record label, Rolling Ball Records.

On April 8, 2016, Dixon released his second solo album, Turns to Gold, on his own label, Rolling Ball Records. The album is produced by Paul Moak and features a duet with Natalie Prass entitled "The Way To Love Me."

In the past, Gabe would play primarily grand piano. However, on "Turns to Gold," he performed all but one song on an upright piano. This choice conveyed a different energy. He and the musicians, including Jano Rix on drums (The Gabe Dixon Band, The Wood Brothers), Viktor Krauss on bass (Lyle Lovett), and Kris Donegan on guitar (Cam), cut everything to analog tape with no click track. The album also features vocal performances by Jason Eskridge, Garrison Starr and Boots Ottestad. Mastering was done by Brad Blackwood at Euphonics Mastering.

Appearances and popular culture
Gabe's song, "Find My Way," was the opening track to the film The Proposal, starring Sandra Bullock and Ryan Reynolds. "All Will Be Well" was featured in the fourth season of the television show Parks and Recreation. And "Till You're Gone" was used in Bose store displays.

Gabe has performed twice on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, as well as The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson.

Throughout his career, many other notable artists have taken note of and supported Gabe's talent. He's held side gigs as the keyboardist and vocalist for Paul McCartney, Alison Krauss & Union Station, O.A.R. and Supertramp.

Discography
Solo albums
2011: One Spark (produced by Marshall Altman, released on Concord Bicycle Music
2016: Turns to Gold (produced by Paul Moak, released by Rolling Ball Records)
2017: Live in Boston (released by BirnCORE)
2021: Lay It On Me

As part of The Gabe Dixon Band
1999: More Than It Would Seem
2002: On a Rolling Ball
2005: Live at World Cafe
2008: The Gabe Dixon Band

As part of Tedeschi Trucks Band
2022: I Am the Moon

References

External links
 Gabe Dixon Band
 Gabe Dixon Band collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American rock pianists
Supertramp members
American male pianists
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American male musicians

Gabe Dixon


Ronald Hatcher Jr. (born June 28, 1959 in Fort Worth, Texas), better known as Gene Hatcher, is a former boxer who was world light welterweight champion. His nickname was "Mad Dog."

Amateur career
Hatcher was a United States Amateur Champion. In 1980, he became National AAU Welterweight Champion.

Early professional career
His most notable early win came against former WBC super featherweight champion Alfredo Escalera in 1982, when he won a ten-round decision. His next notable opponent, Tyrone Crawley, defeated him by a ten-round decision. He followed that with a rematch in 1983 with Escalera. In that fight, Hatcher was dropped in round six and subsequently lost a unanimous ten-round decision.

Champion
After racking up a few wins, Hatcher faced WBA light welterweight champion Johnny Bumphus on June 1, 1984, in Buffalo, New York. In what Ring magazine called its "Upset of the Year," Hatcher scored an eleventh-round technical knockout over Bumphus.  When Hatcher knocked Bumphus down, he slipped and fell on a follow-up attempt. He then threw Bumphus down to the mat when both fighters clinched.  A post-fight melee in the ring ensued after the stoppage.

Hatcher's first defense was against Uby Sacco in December of the same year. He won a fifteen-round split decision.  Sacco, however, won their July 1985 rematch (and title) with a ninth round knockout win in Italy (the fight was stopped by the referee because of a Hatcher cut).  In Hatcher's next - and last - chance at a world crown, he lost by knockout in 45 seconds to Lloyd Honeyghan in August 1987, with Honeyghan's WBC and IBF welterweight belts being at stake.

Post-championship career
After losing to Honeyghan, Hatcher continued to fight. He had seven more fights, losing two (one of which was to future world champion Aaron Davis). After a victory in Ft. Worth over Juan Martin Galvan in 1995, Hatcher retired.

In his career, Hatcher won 32 fights and lost 7, with 23 wins by knockout.

External links
Boxing Record

|-

Sportspeople from Fort Worth, Texas
1959 births
Living people
Light-welterweight boxers
World boxing champions
Boxers from Texas
American male boxers

Gene Hatcher


The Tristan Betrayal is a novel by Robert Ludlum, published posthumously in 2003.  Ludlum wrote an outline shortly before his death.  The  novel itself was written by a ghostwriter.

Summary

In the fall of 1940, the Nazis are at the height of their power – France is occupied, Britain is enduring the Blitz and is under constant threat of invasion, America is neutral, and Russia is in an uneasy alliance with Germany.

In this dark time, Stephen Metcalfe is living the high life in occupied Paris. The younger son of a prominent American family, Metcalfe is a handsome young man who is a notable guest at all the best parties, has been romantically linked to the elite's most desirable women, and is in great demand in the upper echelons of Paris society. He is also a minor asset in the U.S.'s secret intelligence forces in Europe, cavalierly playing The Great Game like so many socially connected young men before him. However, what has been largely an amusing game becomes deadly serious – the spy network he was a part of is suddenly dismantled in the midst of war-torn Europe and he is left without a contact, actual orders, or a contingency plan.

With no one else in place, it falls to Metcalfe to instigate a bold plan that may be the only hope for the quickly dwindling remains of the free world. Using his family's connections and relying on his own devices, he travels to wartime Moscow to find and possibly betray a former lover – a fiery ballerina whose own loyalties are in question – in a delicate dance that could destroy all he loves and honors. With his opponents closing in on him and the war itself rapidly approaching an irreversible crisis point, Stephen Metcalfe faces both a difficult task and an impossible decision, where success will have unimaginable consequences far into the future and failure is unthinkable.

Publication history

2003, UK, Orion House , Pub date September 30, 2003, Hardback
2003, US, St. Martin's Press , Pub date October 28, 2003, Hardback
2004, US, St. Martin's Press , Pub date August 5, 2004, Paperback
2004, UK, Orion , Pub date July 1, 2004, Paperback

2003 American novels
Novels by Robert Ludlum
Novels set during World War II
Fiction set in 1940

The Tristan Betrayal


Anatole A. Klyosov (; born 20 November 1946 in Chernyakhovsk) is a Russian scientist who worked in the fields of physical chemistry, enzyme catalysis, and industrial biochemistry. In 1989 Klyosov immigrated to the US.  He spent most of his career developing ways to use enzymes to convert agricultural waste products into useful products — first to convert cotton waste to glucose in the USSR, and later in the US, turning paper mill waste into useful products.  He later helped found a company, and later joined it as CSO, that was founded to use enzymes to alter existing anticancer drugs via glycosylation. In 2008 he began publishing work on DNA genealogy.

Career
Klyosov earned Ph.D. and D.Sc. degrees in physical chemistry, and an M.S. degree in enzyme kinetics, from Moscow State University.  In the late 1970s he worked at Harvard University; he was offered a contract to keep working there but the USSR government would not allow him to take it and he remained in the USSR. From 1979 to 1981 he was professor in the department of chemical enzymology at Moscow State University.

From 1981 to 1990, he was professor and head of the Carbohydrates Research Laboratory at the A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences.  In the winter of 1982/1983 he became the first person behind the Iron Curtain who was allowed by the government of the USSR to use the computer network that later became the Internet, in order for him to represent the USSR in a conference hosted on the network; he used an x.25-connected computer at a Moscow institute called VNIIPAS.  He said that he developed methods to use enzymes to convert cotton plant waste products into glucose and by 1983 a pilot plant had been built in the USSR to test these methods.  He was awarded top Russian prizes in science and technology field: the Lenin Komsomol Prize in 1978 and the USSR State Prize in 1984. In 1989 he was made a fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science. In 2014 he became Foreign Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Georgia.

Klyosov immigrated to the US in 1989 after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power, and from 1990 to 1998 he was a visiting professor of biochemistry at the Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences at Harvard Medical School.

In 1991 he started a consulting business called MIR International.

From 1996 to 2006 Klyosov worked at a subsidiary of Kadant, where he applied enzymology to processing of waste products from the paper-making industry, and following advice from a friend in the plastics industry, helped create a business that used cellulose granules as filler material for plastic composite products.

In 2001 he helped found Pro-Pharmaceuticals, a company that was formed to use enzymes to add carbodydrates to existing cancer drugs to make them work better, and was caught up in scandal in 2004 when the company's investors accused its CEO of misrepresenting his role in the company.  He joined the company as Chief Scientific Officer in 2006.  Pro-Pharmaceuticals named a new CEO in March 2011, and gave Klyosov a one-year contract to continue as CSO the same month.  The company was renamed as Galectin Therapeutics in May 2011. He then became a member of the company's scientific advisory board.

From 2008 Klyosov is also known as the author of what he calls "DNA genealogy" and "new science", aimed to synthesize biology, anthropology, archaeology and linguistics and to implement methods of chemical kinetics in genetics. Klyosov described his "DNA genealogy" as a "patriotic science" and between 2010 and 2016 published 10 books in this field. In some of his writings Klyosov tried to refute the Out of Africa hypothesis and proposed his alternative Into Africa theory with "outlandish claims" that the human species originated in Northern Russia. A 2015 open letter from scientists in various fields said that his writing could fuel hatred  "attracting readers whose nationalist and political ambitions are not satisfied with the world's scientific body of knowledge." Klyosov responded saying that they were members of a "fifth column". "DNA genealogy" has been described as pseudoscience and "DNA demagoguery".

Klyosov is the founder and president of the Academy of DNA Genealogy and self-publishes its proceedings via Lulu.

In 2013 Klyosov became editor-in-chief of the journal Advances in Anthropology, published by Scientific Research Publishing.

Publications

Books in English
  (Translated to Chinese, Science Press, China, 2010; translated to Russian, НОТ Publishing House, 2010, 736 с.)

Books in Russian

Enzymology

Publications on "DNA genealogy"

References

External links
Klyosov's home page

1946 births
Living people
People from Chernyakhovsk
Russian genealogists
Russian physical chemists
Pseudohistorians
Moscow State University alumni
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Recipients of the Lenin Komsomol Prize

Anatole Klyosov


is a retired Japanese professional wrestler. He is best known for working for Dragon Gate, under the ring name Anthony W. Mori, where he is a one-time Open the Brave Gate Champion, one-time Open the Owarai Gate Champion and two-time Open the Triangle Gate Champion.

Biography

Before entering the Toryumon dojo, Mori was an accomplished scholar, graduating with a law degree from Ehime University.

Mori debuted with the Toryumon T2P class in 2000 under his real name. The following year, he became KENtaro Mori, "Barbie's boyfriend", and the year after that, he switched over to his current gimmick of Anthony W. Mori, a royal prince. The "W" stands for White.

Aside from a stint under his real name in 2006, when he became a member of Tozawa-juku for six months, Mori's character has not changed greatly since his debut. In 2002, upon taking on the royal prince character, he formed the Royal Prince Brothers unit with Junya Fukumasa and Takuya Sugawara, who were renamed to – respectively – Phillip J. Fukumasa and Henry III Sugawara and wore royalty inspired outfits. However, the group would go on hiatus at the end of the year when Fukumasa left wrestling and Sugawara returned to Mexico for more training. He would spend 2003 with various alignments, most notably the Italian Connection (Milano Collection A.T. & YOSSINO). His best friend Ryo Saito also betrayed him that year to join Do FIXER.

When Sugawara returned to Japan in 2004, Mori quickly revived the Royal Brothers unit with him, but the unit would not last long, because Sugawara would soon violently turn on him and join heel stable Aagan Iisou. The betrayal greatly hurt Mori, rendering him catatonic for several months. His refusal to fight Sugawara caused him to be subjected to further attacks from him. However, when Mori saw his old friend Ryo Saito getting beaten up by Aagan Iisou, he snapped out of his catatonic state and saved him. He and Ryo reconciled, and he also officially joined the Italian Connection. Mori ended his feud with Sugawara on November 28 by winning a hair vs. hair match against him, but Sugawara managed to avoid getting his hair cut off (Dragon Gate President Takashi Okamura ended up taking the haircut for him), and on December 16, he and the rest of the Italian Connection became the first Open the Triangle Gate Champions.

The Italian Connection would dissolve in 2005 when Milano left the promotion, and some time after, Mori approached Magnum TOKYO with the idea to form Pos.HEARTS. The stable was formed, with Super Shisa and a then-rookie BxB Hulk as the other members. Though Mori was the leader of the stable, the stable's main purpose was to launch BxB Hulk's career. In 2006, Magnum would betray Mori, causing Pos.HEARTS to go on hiatus for a while. He soon became heavily pursued by the cram school stable Tozawa-juku with offers to join them. Mori initially refused all of the offers, but he would slowly come around to the idea, and in July he admitted that he was not enough of a man and thus would join the school to gain polish. He reverted to his real name during his tenure with Tozawa-juku. On occasion, he would wrestle as Anthony, and in December, Pos.HEARTS reunited and captured the Open the Triangle Gate titles from Naruki Doi, Masato Yoshino & Gamma of the Muscle Outlaw'z.

Mori graduated from Tozawa-juku in January 2007, and he continued to focus on Pos.HEARTS. However, the trio lost the titles that month back to Doi, Yoshino & Gamma, and the month after that, they were forced to dissolve Pos.HEARTS after losing another match to them, where he took the fall. He (along with BxB Hulk) would soon join CIMA in his Typhoon stable.

In April 2008, he won the Open the Brave Gate Title from Masato Yoshino, but because he won it due to unwanted outside interference from Yasushi Kanda, he immediately vacated it. He was entered into the subsequent tournament for the vacant title, and he made it to the finals, but he lost to Gamma.

When the Typhoon unit was brought to an end at the end of the year, he began to ally with Super Shisa and Shisa BOY again in 2009, as well as with Masaaki Mochizuki and Don Fujii, and soon started feuding with Cyber Kong. Each one gained victories over the other, both in singles and tag team competition, until they agreed to settle the feud on March 22 in a Mascara contra Caballera match (his hair against Kong's mask). The match initially ended in a no-contest after Real Hazard intruded, and when they went for his hair, Mochizuki and Fujii made the save. The match was restarted, and Cyber Kong won it decisively, so he lost his hair. On April 4, he captured the Open the Owarai Gate Title from Hollywood Stalker Ichikawa. He held onto the title for over a month before losing it to Kikutaro.

At the start of November, Takuya Sugawara started to get involved with Dragon Gate again. Mori immediately began to try to convince him to reform the Royal Brothers with him once more. On November 28, Sugawara and Masaaki Mochizuki tried to recruit him into the Veteran-gun to take on the New Generation (which was odd, because he debuted in the same class as Naruki Doi, a member of the New Generation), and he agreed to join them, but only if Sugawara would agree to reform the Royal Brothers with him once the generation war was over. Sugawara accepted the offer, but mentioned that they were short one member, since Phillip J. Fukumasa was retired. Mori asked for Mochizuki to be the heir to Phillip's throne, and he accepted, becoming Phillip J. Mochizuki. They agreed to team as the new Royal Brothers on the first Buyuden show after the generation war was finished. Mori wrestled his retirement match on December 2, 2010. He remains with Dragon Gate in a backstage role.

Championships and accomplishments
Dragon Gate
Open the Brave Gate Championship (1 time)
Open the Owarai Gate Championship (1 time)
Open the Triangle Gate Championship (2 times) – with  BxB Hulk & Super Shisa (1) and Milano Collection AT & YOSSINO (1)

Luchas de Apuestas record

Notes

References

1976 births
Living people
Japanese male professional wrestlers
People from Matsuyama, Ehime
21st-century professional wrestlers
Open the Brave Gate Champions
Open the Triangle Gate Champions
Open the Owarai Gate Champions

Takayuki Mori


George Gordon Hoskins FRIBA (28 October 1837 – 11 December 1911), was an English architect responsible for the design of several public buildings in the North East of England. His works include many large and important buildings - mansions, banks, hotels, hospitals, libraries, and schools.

"Gee-Gee" Hoskins was the eldest son of Francis Hoskins, an army officer, and his wife  Julia Hill and was  born in Birmingham at the end of 1837. He was the grandson of Abraham Hoskins who built the folly of Bladon Castle at Newton Solney and was brother-in law to the brewer Michael Bass. Hoskins' godmother was the Duchess of Gordon.

Hoskins studied Architecture in London and Paris and was a pupil of W D Haskoll of Westminster.  In 1864 he moved to Darlington,  and his first domestic commission that year was probably 15 and 16 Westbrook Villas.  He became  ARIBA on 3 June 1867 (proposed by P C Hardwick, A Waterhouse and J P Pritchett), and was based at Russell Street Buildings from 1867 to 1870. On 2 May 1870, Hoskins became an FRIBA proposed by T Oliver, J P Pritchett and J Ross. He made useful contacts with Quaker families which led to many commissions including Quaker houses at Woodburn and Elm Ridge, for John Pease in 1867. Extended Quaker connections outside the town led to commissions at the Temperance Hall at Hurworth, (1864), and the Victoria Hall in Sunderland, (1870), which was largely funded by the Backhouse family. He gained the role of architect to the banking house of Backhouse after designing  a manager's house added to the Backhouse Bank in 1867. Following this he designed branches in Sunderland (1868), Bishop Auckland (1870), Middlesbrough (1875), Thirsk (1877) and Barnard Castle (1878).  His major work was  the Middlesbrough Town Hall and Municipal Buildings  won in open competition in 1877, with construction starting in 1882. Alfred Waterhouse, R.A. acted  as assessor, and  the Prince and Princess of Wales opened the building  in January 1889.

In Darlington, major works include the Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School (1875-6),  Bank Top board school (1882), the Pease Public Library (1884),  rebuilding of the King's Head Hotel (1890-3), Greenbank Hospital (1885),  Poor Law Offices (1896), the Technical College (1896-7), North of England School Furnishing Company, Blackwellgate (1897), and Rise Carr Board School (1902). He was for two years successively president of the Darlington School of Art and president of the Northern Architectural Association  from 1886 to 1887. He was for some years a Conservative  member of the Darlington Town Council and was also a JP. He was injured when the gunmaker's shop of Joseph Smythe exploded on 9 October 1894, destroying a substantial part of the town centre. Hoskins retired in 1907, passing the practice to his brother Walter Hoskins.  GG Hoskins was almost entirely responsible for Victorian  Darlington and his funeral was a solemn public occasion in the town. He was buried in the town's West Cemetery.

Hoskins lived at  Darlington  at Thornbeck House and later at Harewood Grove.  He married twice, first to Isabel Matilda Robinson (1837-1862) the daughter of Joseph Robinson of Southend and they had two children. After Isabel's death he married Ann Hudson only child of  William Hudson of Brough, Yorkshire. They had a son and four daughters. Both his sons became architects.

Publications

"Designs for Chimney Pieces" Darlington 1871
"The Clerk of Works; a vade mecum for all engaged in the Superintendence of Building Operations"  London 1876
"An Hour with a Sewer Rat: or a few plain hints on House Drainage and Sewer Gases" London 1879

References

 Obituary Builder v101, 15 Dec 1911, pp727–8
Obituary RIBA Journal v 19, 1912, p 191.

1837 births
1911 deaths
Architects from Birmingham, West Midlands
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
People from Darlington
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects

George Gordon Hoskins


Lame duck is a term used to describe an elected politician who will soon be leaving office. It is used for those leaving either because the have held the office for the most terms they are allowed to (term limit) or because they have lost an election.  Because they are not seen to still have much remaining power, lame duck politicians will often not get much done. They sometimes make decisions that many people do not agree with because they know the decision will not make them lose an election.

For example, a US President is said to be a lame duck president during their second term as President because they can only be President for two terms. If they lose the election to stay as the President for a second term, they are also seen as a lame duck from the time the election results are final until January 20 of the next year when the winner of the election becomes President.

Politics

Lame duck


Amylomaize was a term coined in the late 1940s by Robert P. Bear of Bear Hybrids Corn Company in Decatur, Illinois to describe his discovery and commercial breeding of a cornstarch with high (>50%) amylose content, also called high amylose starch.  The discovery of amylomaize occurred as a mutation in a normal inbred line; from that one mutation an entire new kind of maize (corn) was developed.

Principal uses of amylomaize starch are in making biodegradable plastics (or bioplastics). It is also used in coatings that are edible and digestible.  The food that the first American astronauts used on Apollo flights from 1969 to 1972 were coated with amylomaize film, so that no crumbs would float around in the space capsule.

Several years earlier Robert P. Bear had discovered and reported that waxy corn (100% amylopectin starch) also occurred as a mutation.  Once discovered and reported, waxy mutations were found in the order of once every 30,000 observations.

See also
Waxy maize

References

Maize varieties
Starch
Dietary supplements

Amylomaize


Hildebrand is a character from Germanic heroic legend. Hildebrand is the modern German form of the name: in Old High German it is Hiltibrant and in Old Norse Hildibrandr. The word hild means "battle" and brand means "sword". The name itself is very likely of Lombardic origin.

He is associated with the cycle of legends about Theodoric the Great, called Dietrich in German, to whom he is a companion.
Hildebrand appears in many works, most prominently in the Old High German Hildebrandslied, the Middle High German Nibelungenlied, in the Old Norse song "Hildebrand's Death" in Ásmundar saga kappabana (called Hildibrandr), and in the late medieval Jüngeres Hildebrandslied. He also appears as Hildiger in Gesta Danorum.

In the Nibelungenlied, he is the armourer, brother-in-arms, and fatherly friend of Dietrich von Bern. Hildebrand kills Kriemhild, after she orders her brother's death and then kills Hagen herself. Hildebrand plays a supporting role to Dietrich in the numerous poems of the Dietrich cycle; in poems such as Virginal and Sigenot, Hildebrand tutors the young Dietrich and saves him from various scrapes.

In the Hildebrandslied, which is older, Hildebrand fights his own son Hadubrand. Hildebrand had gone into exile with Dietrich. 30 years later, Hildebrand returns and encounters his son Hadubrand, who is leading his army against Hildebrand. The two leaders meet between the armies. They converse before fighting, and Hadubrand says that he is "Hadubrand Hildebrand's son", but he was told that Hildebrand died, and he accuses Hildebrand of being an old Hun and refuses to believe that he is his father. The poem ends before a conclusion is reached, but in "Hildebrand's Death" it is related that he killed his son. The Old Norse Thidrekssaga and the Jüngeres Hildebrandslied both contain versions in which Hildebrand defeats his son (here named Alebrand) but does not kill him.

The Scandinavian song "Hildebrand's death" tells how Hildebrand fights against his half-brother. He is wounded fatally by him and the shield with the picture of his son falls near to his head on the ground. He begs his half-brother to cover his body, and to bury him properly.

Although associated with historical characters from the 5th and 6th centuries, Theodoric and Odoacer, Hildebrand himself has not been identified as a historical personage.

References

German heroic legends
Given names
Legendary Norsemen

Hildebrand


Bruton Abbey in Bruton, Somerset was founded as a house of Augustinian canons in about 1127, and became an abbey in 1511, shortly before its dissolution in 1539.  It was endowed with manors, churches and other properties in the area and also in Normandy in France.

History
According to the sixteenth century antiquary John Leland, Bruton was founded in about 1005 as a Benedictine monastery by Æthelmær the Stout, but it is not mentioned in the Domesday Book. It was founded as an Augustinian priory in about 1127. In 1260 the priory exchanged its French possessions for land held by the Abbey of Troarn (nr Caen) at Runcton in Sussex and in Gloucestershire. There were many problems reported in the 15th century. John Schoyle became prior in 1419 and was accused in 1423 of having committed serious offences. In 1428 Bishop Stafford seems to have removed Schoyle from office, and in 1429, the latter was sent to live at the house of Augustinian Canons at Poughley in Berkshire. His successor, Richard of Glastonbury, proved to be equally troublesome: in 1430 and again in 1444, inquiries were conducted into charges of immorality against the prior and the whole community. Under a later reforming prior various rules were introduced bans on the canons were sleeping away from the house without permission, on hunting and dice playing, and on women in the monastery.

Bruton became an abbey in 1511. There were problems both inside and outside the monastery leading up to its dissolution in 1539.  The abbot, Ely, was the subject of criminal accusations and even plots against his life, and later in the year became a prisoner in the Tower of London.

The Dovecote which overlooks Bruton was built in the 16th century. It was at one time used as a house, possibly as a watchtower and as a dovecote. It is a Grade II* listed building and ancient monument. It is managed by the National Trust. The building was once within the deerpark of the Abbey and was adapted by the monks from a gabled Tudor tower. The conversion to be a dovecote took place around 1780. It has over 200 pigeon holes.

After Dissolution
On dissolution, the abbey was granted to a John Drew of Bristol, but later transferred to Sir Maurice Berkeley, who had risen rapidly as a member of the royal household. The latter built a house on the site incorporating some of the buildings, but this was demolished in 1786. Sir Maurice's impressive Renaissance tomb in the parish church, shared with his two wives, is retained in the later chancel. His Bruton branch of the Berkeley family produced a number of notable figures until the 18th century, including five Barons Berkeley of Stratton, and four Viscount Fitzhardinges. The present parish church, the Church of St Mary, Bruton, is mainly a 14th-15th century structure, within the grounds of the abbey so strictly a chapel of it, but always in effect the parish church of the town; there was a church on the site since Anglo-Saxon times, long before the priory was founded.  An unusual feature is that the chancel was rebuilt in 1743 in a light, airy Rococo style, which contrasts with the medieval remainder.

References

'Houses of Augustinian canons: The priories of Bruton and Burtle Moor', A History of the County of Somerset: Volume 2 (1911), pp. 134–39.
 Anthony New. 'A Guide to the Abbeys of England And Wales', p81-82. Constable.
 Colin Platt. 'The Travellers Guide to Medieval England', p132. Secker & Warburg.
 Somerset Churches Trust

External links

See also
List of monastic houses in Somerset

Benedictine monasteries in England
Augustinian monasteries in England
Monasteries in Somerset
Churches in Somerset
Religious organizations established in the 1000s
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
1135 establishments in England
1539 disestablishments in England
Religious organizations established in the 1130s
Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
Bruton
Monasteries dissolved under the English Reformation

Bruton Abbey


Jörg Michael Pilawa (born 7 September 1965, in Hamburg) is a German television presenter.

Life
Pilawa studied after his school at Gymnasium Hummelsbüttel first medicine and then history, but he did not finish his university studies. From 1987 to 1994 Pilawa worked for Radio Schleswig-Holstein. From 1994 to 1996 Pilawa worked for German television broadcaster ProSieben and since 1996 he worked for television broadcaster SAT1. Since 2001 he worked for German broadcaster ARD and after nine years he changed to German broadcaster ZDF. Pilawa is married and has three children.

Filmography
Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, host
Rette Die Million, host
It's Your Chance of a Lifetime, host

Bibliography
 (with Tilmann Bendikowski) Pilawas Zeitreise : Rätselhaftes und Überraschendes aus unserer Geschichte. Köln : Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2007.

Awards
2016: Goldene Kamera in category Best TV Entertainment

External links
Official website by Jörg Pilawa
Hamburger Abendblatt:Jörg Pilawa sehnt sich nach Langeweile (German)

German television personalities
German game show hosts
People from Bergedorf
1965 births
Living people
ARD (broadcaster) people
ZDF people
Norddeutscher Rundfunk people

Jörg Pilawa


Estêvão Lopes Morago () (c. 1575 in Vallecas, Spain – 1630 in Viseu, Portugal) was a Spanish-born composer who studied, lived, worked and died in Portugal. He is one of the most important polyphonists in the music history of Portugal. Another representative of the high level of cultural interchanges between the two countries, as some of the highest figures of the peninsular cultural history have moved around between the two countries freely and mostly in a way unrelated to the political events of the time (Diego Velázquez was of Portuguese origin; and Alonso Sánchez Coello are some of the examples).

Life
Lopes Morago was born in Vallecas, near Madrid, but he passed the vast majority of his life in Portugal. He was a student of Filipe de Magalhães at the Cathedral of Évora, where he obtained his licentiate degree. After that, in August 1599, he went to the Cathedral of Viseu where he was appointed canon and mestre de capela.

In 1626, the chapter of the Cathedral allowed him to go to Lisbon to publish his works. These included the Livro Comum and the Vesperal, which have survived.

The place and year of his death are uncertain. There are indications that Morago moved to Spain and died there about 1628. However, a later document (1630) states that Morago had retired to a Franciscan monastery in Viseu (Convento de Orgens) and died there.

Works
Morago composed motets, responsories, psalms, Magnificats, and a Requiem. His work is considered to be highly innovative in the Iberian Peninsula.

The musicologist Manuel Joaquim considered his motet Oculi mei "genial and worthy of the renown of Palestrina's O vos omnes, or Hoc die".

The British composer Ivan Moody wrote:

...what causes special impact in the music of Morago is the usage of the dissonance, and (...) an interest in antiphonary effects. Motets such as Oculi mei, of ambiguous key and intercalated with numberless diminished fourths, demonstrate perfectly the expressiveness of this harmonic audacity. The alternances of this kind of intense imitative composition painstakingly elaborated with sudden twitches of rhythmical homophony are also typical of the works Versa est in luctum and Commissa mea; in fact, the work of Morago for penitential and funerary texts is extremely sensitive.

The works of Morago are kept in the archives of Viseu. The Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian published most of them in the book Obras de Música Religiosa (Portugaliae Musica IV, 1961).

Recordings
1993, Portuguese Renaissance Music, Voces Angelicae, Teldec Classics International 4509-93690-2
includes 5 works by Morago.
1994, Music of the Portuguese Renaissance, Pro Cantione Antiqua, Hyperion CDA66715
includes 10 works by Morago

References
Enciclopédia Verbo Luso-Brasileira de Cultura, vol. 20, "Morago (Estêvão Lopes)", ed. Verbo, Lisboa/São Paulo, 1998
https://web.archive.org/web/20070810034821/http://musicantiga.com.sapo.pt/Musicantiga-Estevao_Lopes_Morago.htm

External links

Renaissance composers
Spanish Baroque composers
1570s births
17th-century deaths
Spanish male classical composers
Portuguese classical composers
17th-century classical composers
17th-century male musicians

Estêvão Lopes Morago


Sir John Ernle (1620 – June 1697) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1654 and 1695. He was one of the longest-serving Chancellors of the Exchequer, a position he held from 2 May 1676 to 9 April 1689.

Life
Ernle was the eldest surviving son of John Ernle of Whetham House, near Calne, Wiltshire, and his wife Philadelphia Hopton, daughter of Sir Arthur Hopton of Witham Friary, Somerset. In 1654, he was elected Member of Parliament for Wiltshire in the First Protectorate Parliament. He was elected MP for Wiltshire again in 1660 for the Convention Parliament, and in 1661 for Cricklade in the Cavalier Parliament. He was knighted by 4 April 1663. In 1671, he was commissioner for accounts of the commission for loyal and indigent officers and was Controller of Storekeepers Accounts from 1671 to 1680.

Ernle was appointed as Chancellor of the Exchequer on 2 May 1676 and was named a Privy Councillor in 1676. He held the post of Chancellor until 9 April 1689. He was named one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on 26 September 1677. He was the only member of the Plantation Committee, which dealt with the American colonies, to attend all three sessions of July 1677, although he usually attended only a quarter of those meetings.

In 1679, Ernle was elected MP for New Windsor. He was elected MP for Great Bedwyn in 1681. He succeeded to the estates of his father in 1684. In 1685 he was elected MP for Marlborough and was re-elected MP for Marlborough in 1689 and 1690. He did not stand for parliament in 1695 and retired to his country estates.

Ernle died in 1697 and was buried at Calne on 27 June 1697. He made several charitable bequests to the poor of Calne, Highworth and Bury Blunsdon. A free school for five boys founded by Ernle continued in his home county, Wiltshire, until 1829.

Family
Ernle married firstly under a settlement made on 1 March 1646, Susan Howe, daughter of Sir John Howe, 1st Baronet of Little Compton, Withington, Gloucestershire; they had two sons and seven daughters. He married secondly on 19 September 1672, Elizabeth Seymour widow of Charles Seymour, 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge and daughter of William Alington, 1st Baron Alington of Killard. He was the father of Sir John Ernle, a notable naval officer of the Third Anglo-Dutch War.

His daughter Philadelphia Ernle (d.1692) married Sir John Potenger (d.1733). They are buried together in Blunsdon in Wiltshire, with a monument by Peter Scheemakers.

Antecedents

Ernle was descended from John Ernle the Elder, Esquire, of Fosbury and Bishop's Cannings, Wiltshire (born 1461/2), the ancestor of the Wiltshire branch of the family, and from John Ernle, Esq., of Sidlesham, Sussex (died 1465), whose wife Margaret was a daughter of Nicholas Morley, Esq., of Glynde Place, Sussex. He was thus a kinsman of the Sir John Ernley who served as Solicitor General, Attorney General, and Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas early in the 16th century.

References

Chancellors of the Exchequer of England
1620 births
1697 deaths
17th-century Royal Navy personnel
Members of the Privy Council of England
Lords of the Admiralty
Place of birth missing
Ernle family
English MPs 1654–1655
English MPs 1660
English MPs 1661–1679
English MPs 1679
English MPs 1681
English MPs 1685–1687
English MPs 1689–1690
English MPs 1690–1695
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Cricklade
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Wiltshire

John Ernle


The Bravery Council of Australia Meeting 76 Honours List was announced by the Governor General of Australia on 10 March 2012.

Awards were announced for
the Star of Courage,
the Bravery Medal,
Commendation for Brave Conduct and
Group Bravery Citation.

† indicates an award given posthumously.

Star of Courage (SC)
Robert McKenzie Fenwick†, New South Wales

Bravery Medal (BM)
Anthony Robert Ayers, Queensland
Benjamin Baiada, New South Wales
Sergeant Lisa Joy Blick, Victorian Police
Michael Hastings Carter, New South Wales
Paul Andrew Erlandsen, Victoria
Brett Raymond French, New South Wales
Arron Damien Graham, Victoria
Peter Gerard Halcro, New South Wales
Terrence Bruce Hall, Victoria
Constable Andrew James Hawkins, Queensland Police
Paul Jackman†, late of New South Wales
Paul Steven Moffatt, New South Wales
Mr Ben Dolphas Pere, Western Australia
Stojce Petreski†, late of New South Wales
Nathan Owen Schofield, New South Wales
Mr Robert Sparkes, New South Wales
Lisa Jane Webster, Victoria
Michael Patrick Williams,  New South Wales
Peter Lloyd Williams, New South Wales

Commendation for Brave Conduct
Robert Luis Bosetti, Victoria
Lynn Maree Brooks, Victoria
Leading Senior Constable Allan Bradgate Davies, New South Wales Police
Detective Senior Constable Ross Dobbie, Queensland Police
Daniel John Doble, Queensland
Byron Willard Douglas, Queensland
Corporal Brenton Edwards, Victoria
Mark Jason Enright, Victoria
Ashleigh Audrey Flanagan, New South Wales
David Michael Grabham, New South Wales
Allan Frederick Harms, New South Wales
Michael James Hay, Queensland
Constable Kim Henderson, Queensland Police
Frederick Charles Hoare, Queensland
Constable Shaun Robert Jones, Queensland Police
Michael Thomas Kennedy, Queensland
Angus Frank Kent, New South Wales
Arthur Koole, Victoria
Jovana Ljubojevic, New South Wales
Senior Constable Rohan Ian McDonald, Queensland Police
Maeve McLoughlin, Northern Ireland
Nathan Scott McSween, Victoria
Nicholas William Macreadie, Victoria
Luke Zac Martin, New South Wales
Constable Megan Louis Meleady, Queensland Police
Ricky Frederick Morse, Queensland
Constable Gregory Arthur Naoum, Queensland Police
David Francis Nolan, Australian Capital Territory
Senior Constable Sebastian Robinson Pollock, Queensland Police
Arnold Russell Porter, Victoria
Grant Robert Ridley, Australian Capital Territory
James Anthony Rohan, Victoria
Inspector Christopher Charles Sammut, New South Wales Police
Dr Stephen Anthony Simmons, New South Wales
James Danforth Small, New South Wales
Sergeant Scott Thomas Spence, Queensland Police
Constable Adam Gary Stafford, Queensland Police
Joanna Stavrou, New South Wales
Anthony John Steep, Victoria
Lance Carlyle Till†, late of Queensland
Nathan Elliot Webb, Western Australia

Group Bravery Citation

Ian Gordon Carter, New South Wales
Neil William McLennan, New South Wales
Trevor John McLennan, New South Wales
John James Tapp†, late of New South Wales
Senior Constable Lee James Gadd, Queensland Police
Constable Andrew James Hawkins, Queensland Police
Senior Constable Paul Keith Quin, Queensland Police
Constable Adam Gary Stafford, Queensland Police
The Reverend William Nairn Morris, New South Wales
Peter James Baird, New South Wales
Byron Willard Douglas, Queensland
Douglas John Forsyth,  New South Wales
Sergeant Arthur William Brennan APM, Queensland Police
Senior Constable Sebastian Robinson Pollock, Queensland Police
Robert Callaghan, New South Wales
Michael Stephen Wyllie, New South Wales
Robert Sears, Tasmania

References

Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia
2012 awards in Australia

Bravery Meeting 76 (Australia)


Kalaikuʻahulu (also known as Kaleikuahulu, Kuahulu and Kua) was a kānaka maoli (Native Hawaiian) aliʻi (hereditary noble) and kahuna nui (high priest) of Kamehameha I in pre-Christian Hawaii who was considered a prophet for his prediction of; "Ke Akua maoli" and a message to Hawaiians never seen before. After the arrival of the Christian missionaries in 1820, Kaʻahumanu and others believed the prophecy to be fulfilled.  He was also genealogist for Kamehameha, who placed his wives, Kekāuluohi and Hoapiliwahine, under his tutelage as genealogy students.

In 1805, as a skilled genealogist and orator, Kalaikuʻahulu won a match reciting genealogies in Lahaina, Maui over his competitor from Bora Bora Five years later Kamehameha I negotiated the peaceful unification of the islands with Kauaʻi. Kalaikuʻahulu was instrumental in the monarch's decision not to kill Kaumualiʻi, the ruler of that island, when he was the single member of the aliʻi council to agree with Kamehameha's own reluctance to do so. The other aliʻi continued with the plan to poison Kaumualiʻi when Isaac Davis warned him, making the ruler cut his trip short and return to Kauaʻi, leaving Davis to be poisoned by the aliʻi instead.

Birth and ancestry
Kalaikuʻahulu was born in 1725 at Kainalu on Molokai as the son and keiki aliʻi (prince or child of a chief) of Kumukoa (k), aliʻi nui of Molokai and son of Kanealai (also known as Kanealiʻi) and Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. The Kapana heiau in Halawa Valley was built by Kalaikuʻahulu in the early part of the 18th century.

Notable works and achievements
One of Kalaikuʻahulu many works was; "A Wakea Creation Chant". While written in a more contemporary period, it is likely based on older traditions.

References

Hawaiian Kingdom people
Hawaiian nobility
Hawaiian religion
Religious leaders from Hawaii

Kalaikuʻahulu


Swindon railway station is a train station in Swindon, Wiltshire, South West England. It was opened on 17 December 1840 by the Great Western Railway.

The station has services between London and Bristol. There are also trains to Cardiff.

A new platform, platform 4 opened in 2003.

Plans
In December 2005 people were told that stations in the Thames Valley area were to be made better.

On 1 March 2011, Philip Hammond MP, (the UK Government's Secretary of State for Transport) said that he had made plans for making the Great Western main line electric from Didcot to Swindon, and  and Cardiff, through Bath Spa and Chippenham. The Department's reading said that new electric trains would be made by Hitatchi. The electrification had first been told by the last Labour Government's Transport Secretary, Lord Andrew Adonis..

References

Railway stations in England
Swindon
Buildings and structures in Wiltshire

Swindon railway station


The Miami Hurricanes (known informally as The U, UM, or The 'Canes) are the intercollegiate sports teams that represent the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida. The Hurricanes compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The University of Miami's football team has won five national championships (in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 2001) and its baseball team has won four national championships (in
1982, 1985, 1999, and 2001).

The Miami Hurricanes field seven men's and nine women's athletic teams. Men's teams include baseball, basketball, cross-country, diving, football, tennis, and track and field.  Women's teams include: women's basketball, cross-country, golf, rowing, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. The University of Miami has approximately equal participation by male and female varsity athletes in these sports.

The athletic department's colors are orange, green, and white. The school mascot is Sebastian the Ibis. The ibis was selected as the school's mascot because it is typically the last animal to flee an approaching hurricane and the first to reappear after the storm, making it a symbol of leadership and courage. The school's logo is the letter "U." Its marching band is the Band of the Hour.

Aside from being an independent in baseball, the Hurricanes were a full member of the Big East Conference from 1991 to 2004. In 2004, the Hurricanes left the Big East Conference to join the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).

Dozens of Miami Hurricanes football players have gone on to excel in the NFL, and nine to date have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame: Jim Otto in 1980, Ted Hendricks in 1990, Jim Kelly in 2002, Michael Irvin in 2007, Cortez Kennedy in 2012, Warren Sapp in 2013, Ray Lewis in 2018, Ed Reed in 2019, and Edgerrin James in 2020.

Teams

Baseball

The University of Miami has won four national championships (1982, 1985, 1999 and 2001) and reached the  College World Series 22 times in the 34 seasons since 1974. Multiple players for the Hurricanes baseball team have gone on to careers in Major League Baseball.

The team plays its games on the University of Miami campus at Alex Rodriguez Park at Mark Light Field. The team mascot is the Miami Maniac. The team is currently coached by J.D. Arteaga. In 2006, former Hurricanes baseball coach Ron Fraser was inducted into the College Baseball Hall of Fame.

The University of Miami baseball team holds the NCAA record for the most consecutive post season appearances (44 from 1973 through 2016). This streak is the longest of any major NCAA Division I men's sport, topping NCAA football's post-season streak of 35 seasons (Nebraska 1972 through 2006) and the NCAA basketball streak of 27 seasons (University of North Carolina 1974 through 2001).

Basketball

Men's basketball

The University of Miami's men's basketball team has produced several players who have gone on to play professionally in the NBA. Rick Barry, who played his collegiate basketball at the University of Miami, is a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame. Barry is the Hurricanes' only consensus All-American in basketball and led the nation in scoring his senior year with a 37.4 average during the 1964–65 season.

The University of Miami men's basketball team was launched in 1926. In the middle of the 1970 season, the university's board of trustees attempted to shut the program down, which forced Will Allen to organize his teammates and strike because it was not sufficient notice for the players to transfer schools. They held a press conference, which caught the attention of national media. In 1971, the university dropped the program, with the board citing inadequate facilities, sagging attendance, and serious financial losses as justifications for the decision.  Prior to the 1985–86 season, however, the program was revived, though the University of Miami would be minimally competitive over the next several years. The program's fortunes turned around in 1990 when Miami hired Leonard Hamilton as head basketball coach and accepted an invitation to join the Big East.  By the end of the decade, Hamilton had turned the University of Miami into one of the better basketball programs in the Big East and guided the team to three straight NCAA tournament appearances (1998, 1999, and 2000), including a second seed in the 1999 tournament and a Sweet 16 appearance in 2000. The 1998 tournament appearance was the University of Miami's first since 1960.

Hamilton left at the end of the 2000 season to become head coach of the NBA's Washington Wizards and was replaced by Perry Clark.  During Clark's second season (2001–02) the team won 24 games and was seeded fifth in the NCAA tournament.  With the 2002–03 season, the team moved into its newly completed on-campus arena, the Watsco Center.  Despite a win over powerhouse North Carolina to christen the new arena, Clark's teams performed woefully over the next two seasons. Clark was dismissed as head coach following the 2003–04 season, the University of Miami's last season in the Big East, and replaced by Frank Haith.

In the 2007–08 season, after being picked to finish last in the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Hurricanes finished the year 23–11 (8–8 in the ACC) and reached the second round of the NCAA tournament before falling to second seeded Texas. This was the team's first NCAA tournament bid since the 2001–2002 season.

For the 2009–10 season, Miami had a winning record overall (20–13), but finished last in the ACC with a record of 4–12.

In the 2012–2013 season, the University of Miami defeated first-ranked Duke 90–63, won their first 13 ACC games, and attained the highest Associated Press ranking (second in the nation) in school history. However, the Hurricanes lost to Wake Forest 80–65, which ruined their perfect record in ACC play that season. Miami went on to clinch the 2012–13 ACC regular season title with a home triumph over Clemson. Miami entered the ACC Tournament as the top seed and won the tournament with a win over North Carolina. Multiple UM members were recognized that season, including starting point guard Shane Larkin (ACC Player of the Year), senior shooting guard Durand Scott (ACC defensive player of the year), and Jim Larranaga (ACC Coach of the Year). Miami was selected as the second overall seed in East Region of the NCAA Tournament. In the tournament, they defeated Pacific University 78-49 and then defeated the University of Illinois 63–59, which advanced the team to the regional semifinals where they lost to Marquette.

Both the University of Miami men's and women's basketball teams play their home games at the Watsco Center on the University of Miami's Coral Gables campus. On April 22, 2011, George Mason Patriots head coach Jim Larranaga accepted the head coaching position after coaching the Patriots for 14 seasons.

Women's basketball

In 2009, University of Miami women's basketball forward Shenise Johnson competed on the gold medal-winning USA Team at the 2009 U19 World Championships.

In 2009–10, Miami finished last in the ACC. A year later, in the 2010–11 season, however, they went 26–3 (12–2 ACC) in the regular season to finish alongside Duke as regular season ACC champions. That season, Miami went undefeated at the Watsco Center, extending their home winning streak to 24 straight games. Despite a quarterfinal exit in the ACC Tournament, Miami's performance was enough to merit the program's first NCAA tournament bid since 1992. After cruising past Gardner–Webb in the first round, they lost to Oklahoma in the second. Head coach Katie Meier won National Coach of the Year, along with Connecticut's Geno Auriemma and Stanford's Tara VanDerveer. Junior guards Shenice Johnson and Riquana Williams were named to the All-ACC first team, sophomore forward Morgan Stroman was named to the all-conference third team, and Johnson was a third-team All-American.

The 2011–12 team returned every player from the 2010–11 squad and was picked in the preseason to win the ACC, though they finished 2nd. In the past seasons (2010–11 to 2015–16), they have made the NCAA Tournament five times.

Like the University of Miami's men's basketball team, its women's basketball team plays their home games at the Watsco Center on the University of Miami's Coral Gables campus.

Football

The University of Miami is one of the most predominant college football programs in the nation. They have won five NCAA Division I national football championships, in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, and 2001, and are currently tied for fourth on the list of all-time Associated Press National Poll champions. The Hurricanes have the sixteenth highest winning percentage in NCAA Division I history as of 2018, at .635, and hold the second longest streak of weeks ranked first in the nation's Top 20 from October 14, 2001, to October 28, 2002.

, the University of Miami has produced two Heisman Trophy winners, Vinny Testaverde in 1986 and Gino Torretta in 1992. Twelve members of the College Football Hall of Fame either played or coached at the University of Miami: Bennie Blades, Don Bosseler, Hendricks, Don James (played at Miami but was inducted as a coach), Russell Maryland, Ed Reed, Testaverde, Toretta, Arnold Tucker, and coaches Andy Gustafson, Jack Harding and Jimmy Johnson.

, at least one University of Miami player has been selected in the NFL Draft in 49 consecutive NFL drafts, dating back to 1975. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, the University of Miami holds the all-time record for the most defensive linemen (49) and is tied with USC for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.

To date, nine Miami Hurricanes have been inducted into the NFL's Pro Football Hall of Fame, Jim Otto in 1980, Ted Hendricks in 1990, Jim Kelly in 2002, Michael Irvin in 2007, Cortez Kennedy in 2012, Warren Sapp in 2013, Ray Lewis in 2018, Ed Reed in 2019, and Edgerrin James in 2020. Two former University of Miami players, Ottis Anderson and Lewis, have been named Super Bowl MVPs in Super Bowl XXV and Super Bowl XXXV, respectively.

Since 2008, the University of Miami has played its home games at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, roughly  north of the university's Coral Gables campus. Prior to this, from 1937 until 2007, Miami played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Little Havana, which was demolished in 2008.

Men's and women's cross country
At the 2006 ACC Cross Country Championships, the University of Miami's men's cross country team finished in last place, 12th out of 12 participating teams, and the University of Miami's women also finished last out of 12.

In July 2008, Amy Deem was promoted to director of track and field and cross country, heading both the men's and women's cross country running programs. She was head women's track and field coach for the prior seven years.

At the 2009 ACC Cross Country Championship, the University of Miami's men's cross country team  and women again finished last out of 12 teams.

Men's and women's tennis
The University of Miami tennis program has produced several men's and women's players who have gone on to amateur and professional accomplishment, including current Brazilian professional player Monique Albuquerque, Israel team player Maya Tahan, 1960 Wimbledon Singles champion Rod Mandelstam, 1987 Pan American Games Doubles gold medal winner Ronni Reis, 2006–07 NCCA Women's singles champion Audra Cohen, 1947 Wimbledon Doubles champion Doris Hart, and former professional tennis players Jodi Appelbaum-Steinbauer, Julia Cohen, Gardnar Mulloy, Ed Rubinoff, Michael Russell, Pancho Segura, and Todd Widom.

, Kevin Ludwig was the head coach, and there were nine men and seven women on the tennis team.  The men's team is coached by Mario Rincón, and women's team by Paige Yaroshuk-Tews.

Women's golf
The University of Miami's women's golf team has won the national golf championships five times, in 1970, 1972, 1977, 1978, and 1984. In 1959, 1965, 1972 and 1977, Judy Street, Roberta Albers, Ann Laughlin and Cathy Morse, respectively, won the women's intercollegiate individual golf championship, held by the Division of Girls' and Women's Sports from 1972 that was succeeded by the current NCAA women's golf championship.

The team plays its home golf matches at Deering Bay Yacht and Country Club in Coral Gables.

Women's rowing
In July 2009, Andrew Carter, a former assistant coach at Clemson University, was selected as the University of Miami's head rowing coach. Carter has over 20 years of experience coaching at the collegiate and international levels.

Women's soccer

The University of Miami added a women's soccer team in 1998. Miami's soccer team and its men's and women's track and field teams each play their home meets at Cobb Stadium, which opened in 1998 on the University of Miami's campus in Coral Gables.

Women's swimming and diving
In 2009, the University of Miami's women's swimming team finished 8th nationally with 219 points at the ACC Championships and 24th with 25 points at the NCAA Championships. The team has twice won the AIAW national championship (in 1975 and 1976). 	The team's home meets are held at the Whitten University Center Pool on the University of Miami campus in Coral Gables. The University of Miami does not currently have a varsity men's swimming team.

Home swimming and diving meets are held at the Whitten University Center Pool on the University of Miami campus in Coral Gables.

Women's track and field
One of the University of Miami's most notable track and field athletes is Lauryn Williams, who earned nine All-American honors. International in the 100 meter dash, Williams won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, the gold medal at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki, and finished fifth at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

In July 2008, Mike Ward, who served for five years as the University of Miami's assistant track and field coach and for 11 years as head coach, retired. Amy Deem, who had been the women's coach for 17 years, was appointed the University of Miami's director of track and field/cross country.

The University of Miami track and field team plays its home meets at Cobb Stadium on the University of Miami's Coral Gables campus.

Women's volleyball
The University of Miami's women's volleyball team had a 26–6  2008 season overall with a record of 14–6 in conference matches.

Championships

NCAA team championships
Miami has won five NCAA team national championships.

Men's (4)
Baseball (4): 1982, 1985, 1999, 2001
Women's (1)
Golf (1): 1984
see also:
ACC NCAA team championships
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships

Other team championships
Below are 16 national team titles that were not bestowed by the NCAA:

Men's (9):
Football (4): 1983, 1987, 1989, 2001
Polo (4): 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950
Roller Hockey (1): 2011
Women's (7):
Crew, overall (1): 1999 (IRA)
Golf (4): 1970, 1972, 1977, 1978 (AIAW)
Swimming and Diving (2): 1975, 1976 (AIAW)

Rivalries

Florida State

The University of Miami's traditional athletic rivals include the Seminoles of Florida State University and the Gators of the University of Florida. The Hurricanes have played more football games against the Seminoles (66) than against any other opponent; the Gators are second at 56 games.

In college football, the University of Miami-Florida State series began in 1951 and has been played annually since 1969. The teams' only bowl meeting was the 2004 Orange Bowl, prior to Miami leaving the Big East Conference to join the Atlantic Coast Conference, where Florida State has been a member since 1992.  As of 2021, the Hurricanes hold a 35–31 series lead over the Seminoles in the rivalry.

Florida

The Hurricanes first played the Gators in football in 1938, and the teams played annually (except in 1943 when Florida did not field a team due lack of players due to World War II) until 1987. Since then, Miami and Florida have met only six times (four during the regular season in 2002, 2003, 2008, and 2013, and in two bowl games: the 2001 Sugar Bowl and the 2004 Chick-fil-A Bowl). The Hurricanes and the Gators last scheduled meeting was a game in Miami on September 7, 2013. As of 2013, Miami holds a 29–26 series lead over Florida in the rivalry.

Sports Hall of Fame
The University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame is located next to the Hecht Athletic Center on campus. It houses many artifacts and memorabilia from the Hurricanes' athletic teams over the last 80 years. Each year, the Hall of Fame inducts former athletes who have been out of school at least 10 years, or coaches and administrators, in an annual banquet. Since its inception in 1966, over 250 University of Miami athletes have been inducted in the Hall.

Title IX

The University of Miami is in compliance with Title IX. However, in the past, female athletes filed complaints with the federal government in the 1970s and 1980s alleging unequal funding and facilities for UM women's sports. Of the $46.8 million in annual University of Miami athletic expenditures, $23.9 million was spent on men's team, $9.8 million was spent on women's teams, and $13 million cannot be allocated based on gender.

Miami has notable differences between the graduation rates of male and female student athletes. , the university's graduation rates for student athletes was: 70% graduating within 4 years, 80% graduating within 5 years, and 82% graduating within 6 years. Male student athletes have a 57% graduation rate, and 67% of female student athletes graduate.

Some critics of Miami's allocation of fiscal resources within the university's athletics department have blamed the decision to drop certain men's teams on Title IX compliance.

Club sports

Golf
The University of Miami golf club was reestablished in 2017 by University of Miami students as a response to the school having no varsity men's golf team. Competing in the Florida Region of the National Collegiate Club Golf Association (NCCGA) the team competes in six tournaments a year against predominantly other Florida-based universities and colleges. In 2019, the team qualified for nationals, held at WinStar World Casino in Oklahoma, for the first time in the club's history.

Co-ed sailing
The University of Miami's sailing team, called Sailing Canes, qualified for the Gill Co-ed National Championship in 2016 and 2018. Founded in 1961, the Sailing Canes are one of the university's oldest club sports teams. In 2004, they formed the first competitive sailing team at the university. Governed by the Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association, the University of Miami sailing team joined the South Atlantic District (SAISA) in 2004 and competes against the College of Charleston, University of South Florida, Eckerd College, University of North Carolina, University of Georgia, Duke University, the University of Florida, and other university and college clubs.

Miami and Biscayne Bay have exceptional sailing conditions, making the University of Miami an ideal location for a collegiate sailing team. The team currently practices at the United States Sailing Center on Bayshore Drive in Miami. The club is a student-run organization with four dedicated volunteer coaches from the Miami sailing community, enabling them to hold practice three days per week and accommodate students different class schedules. Team members are required to attend at least half of all practices and meetings to be considered active members. The University of Miami funds about half of their budget through the Student Activities Fund Committee (SAFAC), covering practice and facility expenses and travel within their district plus championship expenses. Expenses for travel to out-of-district inter-sectionals are funded solely through private donations.

Former varsity sports
The University of Miami has sponsored other varsity sports in the past. The University of Miami polo team was undefeated in tournament play from 1948 to 1951. However, the games were poorly attended and the program ran a $15,000 deficit in 1950 and was dropped the following year. Boxing was one of the most popular and successful athletic programs on campus through the 1950s. Varsity boxing matches attracted sizeable crowds. A sanctioned men's soccer team played for a handful of years from the mid-1970s through the early 1980s, but the program received little funding and no scholarships and was ultimately dropped.

Notable alumni
See: List of University of Miami alumni

References

External links

Atlantic Coast Conference teams
College sports teams in Florida
College sports teams in the United States by team
Former Big East Conference teams
Former Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association teams
Sports clubs and teams in Miami
University of Miami

Miami Hurricanes


The Tripoli Central Hospital (in Arabic:  مستشفى طرابلس المركزي) is a general hospital, located in Tripoli, Libya.

Tripoli's second-largest hospital, it is located downtown and occupies a big complete block between Zawia Street (شارع الزاويه) and Saidi Street (شارع السيدي.).

It houses the city's main and the oldest trauma center as well Libya's first and only organ-transplantation program.

History
It was built on a piece of land that was occupied by some smaller clinics around Assaidi Street. These clinics used to care for patients with [tuberculosis] during the 1920s. The clinics were known locally as " Assomaa Alhamra ", which literally means the red [minaret], which was named because of " Assomaa Alhamra mosque " which has a red minaret in Assaidi street.

The main buildings that are standing now were built during the Italian administration of Libya in 1910.  It was known as L'Ospedale Coloniale di Vittorio Emanuele III (or Vittorio Emanuele III Colonial Hospital). The service during those days used to be headed by Italian doctors.

Notable among them was Tomaso Casoni (1880–1933) who practiced there from 1912 to 1932. He described a test for diagnosing hydatid disease based on dermal hypersensitivity known after him as the Casoni test. The original building is still standing and is occupied by the hospital's surgery department.

Today
The hospital continues to serve as the main trauma center in downtown Tripoli. During last three decades of the 20th century, it served as the sole trauma center for all of Tripoli.

It is also one of the main two teaching hospitals for the Al Fateh University's medical-sciences department, the other being the Tripoli Medical Center.

In 2005, the Libyan National organ transplantation program was initiated. A building annexed to the old surgery serve as the transplantation department.

Outpatients clinics and departments dealt with approximately 250,000 cases in 2019.

See also

Health in Libya
List of buildings and structures in Libya

References

External links
 The Libyan Journal of medicine
 The Libyan National Organ transplantation program

Hospital buildings completed in 1910
Buildings and structures in Tripoli, Libya
Hospitals in Libya
Medical education in Libya
Teaching hospitals
Organizations based in Tripoli, Libya

Tripoli Central Hospital