The coat of arms of the Russian Republic of Karelia is crossed in three equal parts with the colors of the flag of Karelia on a shield with a profile of a rampant black bear. The golden frame of the shield comes into stylized image of a fir tree on the left and a pine tree on the right. In the upper part of the shield there is an octagonal star (doubled cross) of gold. The arms were created by Yu. S. Nivin.

The current coat of arms of Karelia has much resemblance with the coat of arms of the independent Republic of Uhtua, the national symbol of East Karelia created by Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela. The main difference is that the bear was holding a billhook. The shield had the traditional Varangian colours and there were polar lights above of shield.

Sources
 Constitution of the Republic of Karelia, paragraph 13.
 The official site of the republic

See also
 Emblem of the Karelo-Finnish SSR 1941–1956
 Coat of arms of the Province of Karelia in Finland
 Coat of Arms of the Governorate of Finland

Karelia
Karelia
Karelia
Karelia
Karelia

Politics of the Republic of Karelia
Coats of arms with plants

Coat of arms of the Republic of Karelia


Swirl is an American anti-racist grassroots organization, incorporated in 2000, that serves the mixed heritage community. It aims to develop a national consciousness of mixed heritage issues to empower members to organize and take action towards progressive social change. There are currently chapters in New York City, Boston, and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Swirl has worked to increase voter participation and knowledge about legislation affecting the mixed heritage community. Is also maintains an email listserv which disseminates information relevant to the mixed heritage community.

References

External links

Anti-racist organizations in the United States
Multiracial affairs in the United States

Swirl (organization)


Eucalyptus steedmanii, commonly known as Steedman's gum or Steedman's mallet, is a species of mallet that is endemic to a small region of Western Australia. It has smooth, satiny bark, narrow elliptical leaves, flower buds in groups of three, white flowers and conical, four-winged fruit.

Description
Eucalyptus steedmanii is a mallet that typically grows to a height of  and does not form a lignotuber. The bark is smooth and satiny, ranging from grey to red-brown or a bright coppery colour. It has numerous ascending branches from low on the trunk, forming a dense crown. Adult leaves are the same glossy, olive-green on both sides, crowded with oil glands, narrow oblong to elliptical,  long and  wide. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of three on a downturned, unbranched peduncle  long, the individual buds on pedicels  long. Mature buds are yellowish-brown, spindle-shaped and square in cross-section,  long and  wide, the operculum splitting into four as the bud develops. It blooms between January and March producing white flowers. The fruit is a woody, conical, four-winged capsule  long and  wide with the valves near rim level.

Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus steedmanii was first formally described by the botanist Charles Gardner in 1933 in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia from a specimen collected by Henry Steedman south of Southern Cross in 1928. The specific epithet (steedmanii) honours Steedman.

Distribution and habitat
Steedman's gum is found on low hills and undulating plains between Ravensthorpe in the Goldfields-Esperance and Kondinin in the Wheatbelt region where it grows in gravelly loamy soils over ironstone. Six populations are known, five of these occur on unallocated Crown land, and one which is split occurs on  Crown land and a road verge. It is estimated that there is a total population of 24 500 mature plants that are spread over an area of  and tend to occur in pure stands.

Conservation status
This mallet was listed as Vulnerable in 2008 under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Department of Environment and Conservation (Western Australia). The main threat to the tree is fire which kills adult plants, but regeneration by seed has been observed. Other threats include mining operations, firebreak maintenance and recreation activities.

See also
List of Eucalyptus species

References

Eucalypts of Western Australia
steedmanii
Myrtales of Australia
Plants described in 1934
Taxa named by Charles Gardner

Eucalyptus steedmanii


Chukwuemeka Ezeugo, simply known by his sobriquet Reverend King, is a Christian preacher from Anambra State, South-east Nigeria. In 2006, he rose to nationwide recognition following the murder of a church member, Ann Uzoh. He was subsequently sentenced to death in January 2007, and his conviction was upheld by the Supreme Court of Nigeria on 26 February 2016.

Early life and education
Ezeugo was born in Umulekwe village in the Achina community of the Aguata local government area, Anambra State, Nigeria. He attended Premier Primary school, Onitsha, for his basic education, and he obtained a degree in Psychology at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University.

Ministry
Ezeugo is the founder of the Christian Praying Assembly, a religious organization for which he served as the general overseer until September 2006.

Trial
On 26 September 2016, Ezeugo was arraigned before the Lagos High Court on 6 charges of murder and attempted murder. He was arrested and charged to court primarily due to the murder of Ann Uzo, one of his members, to which he pled 'not guilty', as she was said to have died as a result of Ezeugo setting her on fire, with eyewitnesses saying he did it because he caught the victim in the act of fornication.

In whole, a total of 10 witnesses came forward, testifying that Ezeugo was the perpetrator. The lawyer defending Ezeugo debunked the statements of the 10 witnesses, pointing out the discrepancies in their statements, which however was true, the witnesses made some contradicting statements to their earlier statements. These errors were however too little to prove anything substantial as the presiding judge, Justice Joseph Oyewole, of The Lagos High Court Ikeja, on 11 January 2007 found him guilty of the murder of Ann Uzoh and sentenced him to death by hanging, plus 20 years for attempted murder.

Controversy

Illicit sex with members
During his trial in the Lagos High Court Ikeja, a witness, Edwin Akubue, who was later identified as a key and notable member of Reverend King's Ministry, testified that Ezeugo was romantically involved with his wife prior to the events of the trial.

Violence against parishioners
Ezeugo affirmed allegations that he molested his church members when he made this statement in the court of law.

"I am a preacher. I know that the spirit of witchcraft is against the Almighty God. If somebody is a liar, he is bewitching God. I don't condone lie. Dr. King does not condone sin. I flog a lot. I have canes. If husband and wife mess up by having misunderstanding, I have to settle them. But the person that is at fault, I must flog. If the person refuses to be flogged, I will send him out of the church."

Sexual perversion
During the trial, a female student named Miss Chibuzor was brought in to testify, by the then director of public persecutions named Mrs Bola Okikiolu-Ighile.

Appeal
On 26 February 2017, the Supreme Court of Nigeria unanimously upheld the previous guilty ruling of the Lagos Division of the Court of Appeal and the initial court that tried Ezeugo, along with the sentence of death by hanging, with Justice Ngwuta remarking that "the facts of the case could have been lifted from a horror film." Lagos State's Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, Adeniji Kazeem, praised the final verdict. In 2018, Kazeem would state that clemency would be possible if Ezeugo was deserving of it.

2019 Presidential Elections
Ezeugo was alleged to have filled the nomination form and his posters were on the streets for the office of the president in the 2019 Nigerian general election under Advanced Peoples Democratic Alliance (APDA). Although there were campaign posters of him circulating, his candidacy was obviously false. In February 2021, for his birthday, the newspaper This Day published a 17-page colored advert praising the Reverend King.

References

Living people
Members of the clergy convicted of murder
Nigerian Christian clergy
Nigerian people convicted of murder
Nigerian prisoners sentenced to death
Nnamdi Azikiwe University alumni
People convicted of murder by Nigeria
People from Anambra State
Prisoners sentenced to death by Nigeria
Year of birth missing (living people)

Reverend King (Nigerian pastor)


Daniel Cameron Lochead (January 19, 1878 – March 14, 1946) was a physician, farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan. He represented Gull Lake from 1912 to 1917 as a Liberal.

He was born in Almonte, Ontario and educated at Trinity College and the Toronto Medical School, receiving his M.D. Lochead moved to Wales, North Dakota, where he practised medicine from 1906 to 1910. In 1910, he moved to Saskatchewan, settling north of Gull Lake. Lochead married Mrs. Ann Hill (née Frank). He raised pigs on his farm. Lochead served in the army during World War I. In 1921, he moved to Minnesota. Lochead served as deputy medical commissioner of health for Rochester from 1924 to 1937, working with Dr. Charles Horace Mayo, and became health officer for the city in 1937, serving until his retirement in 1944.

References

Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLAs
1878 births
1946 deaths
People from Almonte, Ontario

Daniel Cameron Lochead


The Thomas Chubbuck Jr. House is a historic house in Hingham, Massachusetts.  Built in 1778, it is the best-preserved three-quarter Cape style house in the town, and is further noted for its long association with locally important Chubbuck and Gardner families.  The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Description and history
The Chubbuck House is set on the west side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 228), a short way north of Whiting Street in southern Hingham.  The house is a -story wood-frame structure, with a main block and a series of discreet additions to the rear.  The main block is four bays wide (instead of the more common five, hence three-quarters the number of windows), with the entrance in the left center bay.  It has a side-gable roof, central chimney, and clapboard siding, and rests on a granite foundation.  Its windows are set close the eave, and are, like the entrance, simply framed.  The interior retains a substantial amount of original detail, including plaster and woodwork, and an original beehive oven in the kitchen fireplace.

The land on which the house was built in 1778 by Thomas Chubbuck Jr., a farmer and American Revolutionary War soldier who was descended from Thomas Chubbuck (d. 1676), one of Hingham's first settlers.  The house is the only one in Hingham known to be built by one of Chubbuck's descendants, and is one of only two three-quarter Capes from the period (out of more than 100 Cape style houses in the town).  It remained in the family until 1850, when it was sold to Nancy Whiton Gardner.  The Gardners, also descended from an early Hingham family, retained ownership of the property until 1960.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts

References

Buildings and structures in Hingham, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Houses completed in 1778

Thomas Chubbuck Jr. House


Aseptis characta is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1880. It is widespread in western North America, where it is found in the western Great Plains, Great Basin, and Pacific regions from British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan to Colorado, Utah, northern Arizona and southern California. The species occurs in dry habitats like sagebrush steppe, juniper woodlands, and open forest from sea level to 2,500 meters.

The wingspan is about 29.5–35 mm. The forewings are ash gray to pale tan, often darker gray in the medial area and with variable olive-gray, tan, or orange-tan patches. The basal, antemedial and postmedial lines are double, dark gray filled with pale gray. The postmedial area is lighter with a shade preceding the pale subterminal line and a number of black wedges between the veins. The three spots are outlined in black and are filled with the ground color and, except for the claviform spot, peripheral lighter gray scales. The hindwing is gray, pale gray, or white with dark discal spot, veins, and terminal line, darker in females. Emergence is earliest in xeric habitats, usually April in California and mid-May in the Pacific Northwest. The flight lasts until July to August depending on locality.

The larvae feed on Artemisia species.

References

External links

Aseptis
Moths of North America
Moths described in 1880

Aseptis characta


"The Grey Nurse Said Nothing" is a television play episode from the Australian television series The General Motors Hour. It was produced and directed by David Cahill. It was made by Channel Seven who later called "the most ambitious dramatic production ever attempted in Australia... [written by] one of the world's foremost authors of television plays and the cast is Ihe largest ever assembled for an Australian television dramatic production.... the greatest care has been taken to achieve the maximum possible standard in the production of the play which covered a total period of approximately eight weeks." The episode aired on 28 May 1960 in Sydney and Melbourne, and on 11 June 1960 in Brisbane.

Plot
The play opens at a coroner's inquest into the death of a woman witness in a murder trial. While preparing to give evidence, a witness recalls the trial of a man twelve years earlier in Cairns, Queensland.

The man is Herbert Wills who was accused of the murder of boatman Patrick Ahearn, whose arm was found in a shark. Further evidence given by other witnesses recalls other incidents in the trial.

Wills was charged with murder after a local fisherman captured a shark and sold it to an aquarium; ten days later the shark disgorged an arm which was idenitified via a tattoo mark as that of Patrick Ahearn. The rest of the body was never found.

Wills has a wife, Laura, and sister Hazel. Laura has come from England to live in Queensland and is lonely. She becomes an alcoholic and would get drinks off Ahearn. Hazel is a middle aged school mistress, the daughter of "Ma" Willis who runs an illegal betting business behind the cafe she owns.

Cast
Frank Waters as Herbert Mason Wills
Lyndall Barbour as the Hazel Wills
Guy Doleman as Patrick Ahearn
Pamela Page as Laura Wills
Nigel Lovell as narrator, Reverend Light
Nancye Stewart as Ma Wills
Lou Vernon as Cobber McGill
Jacqueline Kott as Mavis Greenop
Ric Hutton as Michael Scott-Finley
Moray Powell as Mr Crane
Kenneth Goodlet as Mr Croaker
Gordon Glenwright as Dr Lloyd Angell
Sandra Harris as Peggy Parsons
Ron Shand as George Clamsby
Reg Lye a Snowy Bingham
Malcolm Billings as Bluey Davis (man)
Harald Scruby as Bluey Davis (boy)
Charles Tasman as Judge
Ken Fraser as coroner
John Barnard as clerk
John Fegan as Tiger Bendroit
Ossie Wenban as Waiter
Vaughan Tracey as Jury Foreman
Jack Ford as policeman
Stephen Orszaczky as child
Brett Hart as child

Production
In February 1960, ATN 7 announced they were making a new show, General Motors Hour, sponsored by General Motors, in conjunction with GTV 9, Melbourne, QTQ9 Brisbane, and NWS 9 Adelaide, starting in May. It was to be presented by Harry Dearth and consist of two drama specials and one documentary. Their first production was to be a production of The Grey Nurse Said Nothing. ATN purchased the rights to the play in February 1960 - they had the right to broadcast it for 60 days from the premiere. It was the first time a script from Playhouse 90 had been adapted for Australian television and involved the largest cast ever assembled for an ATN 7 teledrama, with 20 speaking parts and 40 extras.

Director David Cahill and set designer Geoff Wedlock flew to Cairns to take photographs and sketches of the courthouse where the trial took place in the story. The courthouse was reproduced at ATN 7's studios in Epping. The scenes outside the courtroom were filmed before small mobile sets such as a barroom, a bedroom, a schoolroom and a beach picnic. The lighting in the courtroom was dimmed when these scenes were reached in the play and the small sets were spotlighted. The cast had a month of rehearsals, including three weeks of "dry runs" in a city rehearsal studio, before it was finally recorded on videotape on 23 April 1960.

The four leads were cast by March.

The dress rehearsal was played back to the cast and crew to give them a chance to correct any possible mistakes.

The cost of the play was over £4,000, £3,500 of which was provided by the advertiser. The cost of buying the rights to screen a film at this time was estimated at £500.

Future writer Ken Shadie did audio.

Legal action

Patrick Brady, who was tried and acquitted in the actual Shark Arm case, sought an injunction restraining ATN Channel 7 from televising a court scene from the play. The scene had been shown in advertisements, in which a witness being examined by a barrister was describing how a shark that had been caught and placed in an aquarium had disgorged a human arm. Mr Brady argued that the scene was not a fair and accurate and recent report of his trial. He also argued that the fact the accused in the play was found not guilty by the jury would further defame him.

ATN 7 Sydney argued that it would cost them £403 if the telecast did not take place and would lose £3,500 if the play was not telecast on any of the other stations upon which it was proposed to be telecast on 28 May 1960, including stations in Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth.

Release
The show aired on ATN at 9 pm on Saturday night.

The critic for the Sydney Morning Herald thought "the conventional materials of courtroom melodrama are worked over neatly, but without special distinction in talk or characterisation" in the play which featured "a cast that was not only huge in numbers but rich in talent." He added that director Cahills' "management of these big numbers, and the inventiveness by which he managed 'flashbacks' from courtroom to various Queensland scenes within a single studio, were an exciting break through the usual space and time limitations confining any live television play. The play itself... was generally very secure, though lacking the final polish needed to minimise the superficiality of much of it."

The Age said "an exciting story was told and viewers were intrigued by it all."

Filmink called it "a first-rate piece of melodrama, with an excellent script from Elliott...David Cahill and his crew do an excellent job of realising the writer's vision: the multiple cameras move around with skill and speed, close ups are judiciously used, the lighting is excellent, the scene changes quick. The production values are tremendous, and most of the cast are outstanding... it's a splendid piece of television, bold, entertaining, and interesting to watch, and all associated with it had every right to be proud. "

See also
 List of television plays broadcast on ATN-7

References

External links

 The Grey Nurse Said Nothing at National Film and Sound Archive

1960 television plays
1960 Australian television episodes
1960s Australian television plays
Black-and-white television episodes
The General Motors Hour
Works by Sumner Locke Elliott

The Grey Nurse Said Nothing (The General Motors Hour)


Alaap are a British Asian live band credited as the founders of British Bhangra. In 2017, the BBC described the group as the 'most prolific' bhangra band.

History
The band formed in Southall, West London, in 1977. Originally a traditional bhangra band, they were prominent in the community circuit, playing at weddings and family gatherings in Southall. They had an early break on the BBC TV Asian programme, Nai Zindagi Naya Jeevan.

In 1978, they were discovered by talent scout Pran Gohill of Multitone Records and they recorded several albums with the label. Teri Chunni de Sitare (1979) was the first album to be recorded by a British bhangra group, and is widely recognised as marking the birth of the 'Southall scene'.

In 1984, they began work with Deepak Kazanchi on the album Ten Chunm De Sitare, which introduced elements of contemporary electronic dance music into the band's sound.

Legacy
The success of Ten Chunm De Sitare has been linked to the emergence of professional British Bhangra bands that along with Alaap have been dubbed the 'Southall sound', such as Herra and Holle.

Their songs were used in the films Yari Jatt Di (1984), Dil, and Hatya.

References

Indian diaspora in the United Kingdom
British world music groups

Alaap (band)


Ambrose Maréchal, P.S.S. (August 28, 1764 – January 29, 1828) was an American Sulpician and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the third Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Baltimore in Maryland. He dedicated the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the oldest cathedral in the United States, in Baltimore in 1821.

Biography
Maréchal was born at Ingré in the former Province of Orléanais in the Kingdom of France on August 28, 1764, of fairly prosperous parents. He studied for the legal profession, but later entered the Sulpician seminary at Orléans, where he received the tonsure towards the close of 1787.

France was in such a chaotic condition that he left Paris for Bordeaux, where he was ordained in 1792. On the day of his ordination, and at the risk of his life, accompanied by the Abbés Richard, Martignon and Cicquard, he sailed for America and arrived at Baltimore on June 24, 1792, where he offered his first Mass.

Maréchal was sent to the mission in St. Mary's County, and later to Bohemia on the eastern shore of Maryland. In 1799 he was teaching theology at the Sulpician's St. Mary's Seminary, in Baltimore, and in 1801 he was teaching philosophy at Georgetown College.

Civil government having been restored in France under Napoleon, in 1803 Maréchal was recalled to France by his superiors to teach at Saint-Flour, Lyon, Aix and Marseilles. In 1812 he was again assigned to teach at St. Mary's in Baltimore, where for a time he also served as president. His pupils at Marseilles presented him with the marble altar which now stands in the Baltimore Basilica, and King Louis XVIII demonstrated his regard by presenting him with several paintings, which also remain in that Basilica.

Archbishop
In 1816 he was nominated Bishop of Philadelphia, but at his request the nomination was withdrawn and, on July 24, 1817, he was appointed Coadjutor bishop to Archbishop Leonard Neale of Baltimore, and Titular of Stauropolis. The brief of the appointment had not reached Baltimore when Archbishop Neale died, and Maréchal was not consecrated Archbishop of Baltimore by Bishop Cheverus of Boston until December 14, 1817.

Maréchal indicated that the most pressing problems facing the Archdiocese were the shortage of priests and rebellious trustees who wished to determine where those few be assigned. This appeared to be a particular problem in parishes with a dominant number of Irish immigrants, who would support a particular cleric regardless of how unsuitable or unqualified. In 1820 Bishop Flaget of Bardstown warned Maréchal of an individual who seemed to have the appropriate letters of introduction, but upon observing him say Mass, appeared not to be a priest at all. Maréchal advised the Propaganda Fide (Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples) of the matter of problematic Irish priests being given letters of transfer by their bishops. During his tenure, the dioceses of Richmond and Charleston were created.

The building of the Baltimore Basilica, the first Catholic Cathedral built in the United States, which had been begun under Archbishop John Carroll in 1806, was now resumed and completed and was dedicated on May 31, 1821, under the title of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

Also in 1821, Maréchal went to Rome on business of his diocese, and in connection with the White Marsh plantation which the Archbishop claimed as Diocesan property, but which had been given to the Jesuits on February 17, 1728, and was claimed by them as property of the Society to be employed in the interests of the Church of Maryland. The archbishop secured from Rome a Bull in his favour.

In 1826 Maréchal made a journey to Canada, and on his return fell ill. He died at age 63 on January 29, 1828, in Baltimore. His coadjutor, James Whitfield, who succeeded him as Archbishop of Baltimore, had not yet been consecrated when Maréchal died. Maréchal's body is interred in the Baltimore Basilica's crypt, and his heart is in the chapel behind Elizabeth Ann Seton's house in downtown Baltimore.

Works
His writings consist almost entirely of letters and documents scholarly in style, and are to be found in "The History of the Society of Jesus in North America" by Hughes.

See also

 Catholic Church in the United States
 Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
 List of Catholic bishops of the United States
 Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

Notes

References

External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore

1764 births
1828 deaths
People from Loiret
Sulpicians
18th-century French Roman Catholic priests
French emigrants to the United States
Georgetown University faculty
St. Mary's Seminary and University faculty
Roman Catholic archbishops of Baltimore
19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Sulpician bishops
Burials at the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
18th-century American clergy

Ambrose Maréchal


Cartoonito is a programming block channel that aired on Cartoon Network Too in the UK in 2009. It was removed in 2010 but came back in 2013.

In the US, the block returned on Cartoon Network and HBO Max. It airs from 6AM to 11AM. A free Cartoonito Video app is yet to be on the App Store in the US.

Cartoonito


Rikhabdeo ( Rishabhadeo) is a town in Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan, in north-west India.

Rishabhadeo is situated  from Udaipur and is on Udaipur-Ahmedabad Road. The name of the town is also Dhulev The place got its name from a Bhil chieftain named Dhuleva who guarded the temple of Lord Rishabhdev ., however it is better known as Rishabhadeo. It is a well-known pilgrim site for the temple Kesariyaji Tirth (a. k. a. the "Main Temple"). Local Bhils also worship the deity. Lord Rishabhadeo is also "Kesariaji" because a large offering of saffron (keshar, a common ingredient) is made to the deity.

This temple was considered to be one of the four main religious institutions of Mewar, ruled by the Sisodia Maharanas of Udaipur, as stated by Chatur Singhji Bavji:

"Ekling Girirajdhar Rishabdev Bhujchaar
 Sumaron Sada Sneh so, Chaar Dham Mewar"

It has been a famous Jain pilgrimage center. The famous Arati by Mulchand refers to this temple:

"Dusari Aarti Din Dayala,
 Dhuleva Nagarman Jug Ujavala"

Economy
The region has more than 200 mines of green marble. Rishabhdeo is the largest miner of green marble.9 0 per-cent of green marble in the world is produced in Rishabhdev. The turnover of marble industry is more than 500 crore. It also give employment to many labourers.
Beyond this the town also has spinning and weaving mill by lnjBhilwara group. Thus it gives employment to 10000 local workers.
The presence of temple also leads to income of many people. There are many shops near temple that sold Puja samagri.

Educational institutions
There are several school and colleges in the region
Govt.sr.sec.school,
Govt.sr.sec.girls school,
Mahaveer public school,
Vivekananda Kendra vidyalaya,
Eden international school,
Vidhya Niketan,
Classic public school,
J.R Sharma mahavidyala,

Rathotsav
After the end of paryushana parva rathotsav is celebrated in the town. This festival is celebrated as the marriage of lord neminath. Men wear white cloths and women wears chundad. People play Dandiya and garba. The main attraction of the rathotsav is 800 years old raths. The festival is celebrated for two days and ends up with march past of dhulev jawans.

Main Temple

The temple is dedicated to Lord Rishabh dev. The temple is very artistic. Its pinnacles, arches, doors, walls are very artistic, beautiful and fascinating. The fifty two pinnacles of the temple are seen from a long distance. The main temple of Atishaya Teerth Kshetra Rishabhanatha is very attractive, magnificent and artistic having 52 beautiful spires on it. It is believed to be built in 8th century. According to Jain's opinion, as a symbol of Nandishwar Dweep's 52 temples, this temple was constructed having 52 spires. This temple is constructed scientifically according to the art of architecture.

Just before the courtyard and in front of the main temple there is an idol of Marudevi Mata, the mother of Lord Rikhabdev, seated on a marble elephant.

Construction style
The first gate of the temple in the form of Vaikarakhana. The square of outer orbits comes from the temple of Dakshar Khel. It is also there on the other entrance. There is an elephant of black stone standing at both the doors. Aahwankund near the elephant On the north side, where Durga is worshiped in the days of Navratri, one of the two sides of the upper door is Brahma and the other is Shiva idol. There is an arrangement for going to this temple through the stairs. There is a statue of Marudevi sitting on the middle of the middle of the pavilion above the sidewalk. The platform of Lord Bhagwad Gita is made on the left side ahead of the stairs, where the story of Bhagwat is in chaos. Due to 9 columns, it is known as the nine-poster. From here the third gate is entered. wabpage:ऋषभदेव मन्दिर उदयपुर - भारतकोश, ज्ञान का हिन्दी महासागर

The main idols in the temple
The main idol in the temple is of Tirthankara Rishabha, carved in black stone in padmasana posture, about  tall.  Two oxen are carved in the center of the simhasana (platform) of the main idol, which also has 14 dreams of the mother of Tirthankar. Surrounding the main deity, there are 23 idols, 2 standing and 21 seated, in an ashtadhatu (composed of eight metals) parikar. Here, pilgrims are bound to be lost in unstinted devotion; both Jain and non-Jain visitors and pilgrims experience a sort of sacredness, thanks due to the simply indescribable aura of the image of Shri Prabhu. The round face of Shri Prabhu is extremely attractive and pleasing to the mind. The whole temple, with the main inner apartment, the deep pandal, nine chowkis, the assembly pandal, the Bhamati, the small shrines of gods, the Shrungara chowki, the peak and the encircling fort is simply majestic. Even from a distance, the gorgeous 52 Jinalayas can enrapture the viewer. In the north and south sides of the Khela Mandapa of the temple, idols of Tirthankaras Vasupujya, Mallinath, Neminath, Parshvanath and Mahavir Swami (collectively referred to as Panch-Balayati) are installed.

There are 52 secondary ornate shrines (devakulikas) of the Tirthankaras.

Elephants carved of black stone stand at the entrance of the temple. On the north is the image of Goddess Chakreshvari, and on the southern side is an image of goddess Padmavati.

The temple have 1100 pillars and every pillar have different art.

All Hindu castes and Jain sects have been offering prayers here since a long time ago, the management of the temple is done by the state Government.

History

The history of the temple is not known clearly. Different communities put their own version of it. There are many beliefs regarding the antiquity and history of this splendid, miraculous and extraordinary idol. It was very much worshipped in the times Bhagawan Munisuvrat Swami. In course of time, it appeared under a banyan tree outside Vatpradnagar. It was worshipped for some years. Again it appeared under a tree at distance of one kilometer from the village. This is the Chief Tirth of Jains in the Mewar State. A fair is held here every year on the eighth day of the dark half of the month of Fagan. With all the five fingers, people worship God here with saffron. They give a gift of saffron to God. Bhils, know God by the name of 'Kalababa'. Non - Jain devotees come here with faith. Since centuries, there is a custom of giving saffron to God as a gift. Sometimes so much saffron is plastered on God, that God looks saffron - colored. People, therefore, call God Kesariyanath.

The temple and the Maharanas of Udaipur

Udaipur became the capital of the Sisodias in 1559. The revival of the fortunes of the Sisodias was made possible by the Jain ministers, like Bhamashah, who provided funds to reestablish the Maharanas after they had to leave Chittor. Because of significant Jain influence, the Maharanas became devotees of Lord Rishabh and worshipped here. They also made gifts to the temple.

Maharana Fateh Singh (1884–1930) presented a jewel-studded angi (coat) to the temple which is used on special occasions costing one hundred thousand rupees.

The administration was handed over to the government after India's independence.

The temple dispute
The nature of the temple has been in issue between Digambara, Swetambers and other Hindus. However, the Supreme Court of India in its judgment delivered in 'The State of Rajasthan & Ors. Vs. Shri Sajjanlal Panjawat & Ors.' [reported as (1974) 1 SCC 500] has, after considering the material produced, decided that it is a 'Jain temple' [see para. 12 at pg. 509/510 SCC]. However, since the right to manage the said temple had been taken over by the State of Mewar before promulgation of the Indian Constitution, therefore, Jains had no right to manage the temple after the Indian Constitution came into force. For that reason, it was held, that the Jains had no right to protect under Article 25/26 of the Indian Constitution. The issue of management of the said temple was again cropped up, and Digambars, Swetambars, Hindus and the State of Rajasthan again brought the matter in the Supreme Court of India, claiming to have the right to manage the temple. However, this time on the strength of 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act', which says that those temples to which chapter X of the said Act is applicable, would be managed by a Committee constituted from the persons interested in the management. That case was decided by a Bench of the Indian Supreme Court and Hon'ble Justice S.B. Sinha and Hon'ble Justice Markandey Katju vide in the judgment dated 4 January 2007, delivered in Civil Appeal No.4092-95 of 2002 titled as "Deewan Singh & Ors. vs. Rajendra Prasad ARdevi & Ors". Other connected Civil Appeals, confirmed the judgement of Single Judge (which was modified by the Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court) and ordered that the management of the said temple be handed over to the committee, as envisaged under Section 53 of the 'Rajasthan Public Trust Act' within four months.

A 2007 Supreme Court decision to hand over the administration to the Jain community had led to protests and violence by the local tribals.

 "The revenue earned by the temple was also perhaps the main issue behind the legal tangle and the current confrontation, in which tribal people have been used as cannon fodder. The temple complex lies on 378 hectares of land and houses a guest house as well. Its moveable property alone is said to be valued at about Rs. 510 million. It is estimated that on an average 2,000 devotees visit Rishabdeo every day.

 "The temple's eight Brahmin priests share the bulk of the offerings.

 "The priests insist that the management cannot be handed over to the Jain community. "Where will we go? The Maharanas of Mewar gave us the right to conduct prayers here. They also made valuable offerings to the god," says Bhogilal, a priest. "I won't let the mandir go either to the Devasthan or to the tribals," he says."

Gulabchand Kataria, the home minister of Rajasthan believes that the tribals were incited by some elements. Dainik Navjyoti had reported on 14 February 2007 that:

 "Some members of the Jain community say that some leaders of the Vaishnava community are behind instigation of the tribals."

 "The priests get a large fraction of all the offerings. Because of this self interest, the group of priests do not want the management to go to the Jains."

Bhaskar reported the anonymous pamphlets were distributed among the tribals to incite them. The violence had erupted on 7 February 2007, when several hundred tribals attacked the members of the Jain community and destroyed theirs shops, houses, cars, etc. The police were unable to contain the destruction after the use of tear gas and rubber bullets. One person was killed in the police firing.

There is pressure being put on the state government not to implement the Supreme Court decision. This has been causing alarm in the Jain community.

Demographics
Rishabhdeo is a Census Town city in district of Udaipur, Rajasthan. The Rishabhdeo Census Town has population of 9,171 of which 4,769 are males while 4,402 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.

Population of children of age 0-6 is 1121 which is 12.22% of the total population. In Rishabhdeo Census Town, the female sex ratio is of 923 against a state average of 928. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Rishabhdeo is around 850 compared to Rajasthan state average of 888. Literacy rate of Rishabhdeo city is 85.60%, higher than the state average of 66.11%. In Rishabhdeo, male literacy is around 92.29% while female literacy rate is 78.44%.

Rishabhdeo Census Town has total administration over 1,921 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Census Town limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

According to the figures of Census 2011 on the basis of religion, Hindus are 75.39%, Jains 23.91% and others 0.7%.

About three-fourths of the residents of the town are Hindu, belonging to Brahmin, Suthar, Lohar, Tailor, Mochi, Kumhar, Somupura, Valmiki and other casts and another one-fourth 95% belonging to the Digambara Jain are here from many years ago. Shwetambar Jains are also residing here. Many Bhil and Meena villages are surrounding Rishabhdeo, and they have come every day to Rishbhdeo for prayer, in sects belonging to Bispanthi Narsingpura and Humad communities.

Rishabhdeo is also famous for green marble. It has more than 300 marble mines in massaor ki obri and odavas kagder.
About 90% percent of the green marble around the world is produced by Rishabhdeo. Nearly 70% percent of the marble of Rishabhdeo is exported to the US, UAE, Canada and many other countries.

Gaj Mandir

Gaj Mandir is a Jain Shwetambar Temple built in 2011 in Rishabhdeo. The place is well known for the Kika Bhai Dharmshala. The management of Kika bhai dharmshala is under Kikabhai Premchand Trust and purely owned by Jain Shwetambar community. This temple has a very good architecture made with pure white marble. The name "gaj Mandir" represents the statue of elephants at the entrance of temple. The main idol of the temple is "lord rishbhdev" statue made with black granite.

Other local attractions
Nearby places worth visiting include: Gurukul Jain temple, Kanch ka mandir, Paglyaji, mahaveer jinalaya, Rishabh Garden, Patshala Jain temple, Ram Mandir, Emliyachod Hanuman ji, Chandragiri, Bhim Pagalya, Bhattarak Kirti Bhavan, Vishwakarmaji mandir, Satyanarayan mandir, Suraj kund Ganesh temple, Rayana Hanuman ji, Dadabadi, and vaghuvan.

See also
Narsingpura
Nagarparkar Jain Temples

References

Citations

Sources

Jain temples in Rajasthan
Cities and towns in Udaipur district
Tourist attractions in Udaipur district
Jain pilgrimage sites
9th-century Jain temples
Hindu temples

Rishabhdeo


Electronic billing or electronic bill payment and presentment, is when a seller such as company, organization, or group sends its bills or invoices over the internet, and customers pay the bills electronically. This replaces the traditional method where invoices are sent in paper form and payments are done by manual means such as sending cheques.

Advantages to electronic billing include the faster presentation of invoices and reductions in costs compared to handling paper documents. However, to take full advantage of electronic billing both seller and buyer need to have in place computer systems able to handle electronic billing and have access to financial institutions that can do electronic payments.

History
The development of electronic billing and payments started in the late 20th century, and whilst its exact origins are unclear, it is generally agreed that development of electronic billing coincided with the rise of the Information Age. It went hand-in-hand with the development of internet banking, introduction of accounting software and widespread use of email.

In the United States, the Council for Electronic Billing and Payment of the National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA) is credited with broadly promoting and communicating various forms of electronic billing in the early 2000s. NACHA promoted activities and initiatives that facilitated the adoption of electronic payments in the areas of Internet commerce, electronic bill payment and presentment, financial electronic data interchange (EDI), international payments, electronic checks, electronic benefit transfer (EBT) and student lending. Certain electronic billing applications also provide the ability to electronically settle payment for goods or services.

Types of electronic billing
 Biller-direct – where consumers make payments directly to one biller that issues bills that they receive at the website of the firm that issued the bill. An example would be of a public utility company offering this payment service to its consumers. A market has emerged for outsourced billing providers who specialize in electronic billing processes and technology for companies that need to send bills directly to their customers.
Bank-aggregator – where a payment is made at an aggregator or consolidator site, usually from a consumer's bank's website. This model allows the consumer to make payments to multiple billers that are pre-registered to receive payments. Examples are OneVu in the UK and eBill in Switzerland.

Parties involved
Billers, bankers, aggregators and consolidators can play various roles in the overall process. Once roles are defined, it is easier to identify which model is most appropriate for the client's strategy. Billers may also implement more than one model in order to best serve their clients. Because the industry is continuously changing and redefining, the options and opportunities will continue to expand.

Biller payment provider (BPP) – An agent of the biller that accepts remittance information on behalf of the biller.
Biller service provider (BSP) – An agent of the biller that provides the service for the biller.
Consolidator – A biller service provider that consolidates bills from multiple billers or other bill service providers (BSPs) and delivers them for presentment to the customer service provider (CSP).
Customer service provider (CSP) – An agent of the customer that provides an interface directly to customers, businesses or others for bill presentment. CSP enrolls customers, enables presentment and provides customer care, among other functions.

Slow development due to legacy systems
In developed countries existing legacy banking systems and rules has slowed down the development of electronic billing.  For example, in the United States financial institutions typically formally prohibit the use of their consumer electronic bill payment systems for payments to certain agencies such as: collection agencies, or recipients of court-ordered payments like child support or alimony. Any organizations or individuals outside of the United States are also usually excluded. Payments to government agencies for utilities such as water are usually permitted.

Electronic bill pay systems fall into two categories, "pay-anyone" services and restricted biller list services.  In a pay-anyone service, the provider will facilitate a payment to the payee regardless of whether they have an electronic connection with that payee or not.  If they cannot deliver the payment to the payee electronically, they will print and mail a paper check on the payer's behalf.  The largest providers of electronic bill pay services can deliver about 80% of their payments electronically, so 20% of payments facilitated by the large pay-anyone services are still made by mailing a paper check to the biller.  This is the primary reason why some billers in a pay-anyone service require as much as a 5-day lead time for the payment to reach the payee.

Restricted biller list payment services allow paying any biller in the provider's network, and in these services where the provider has an electronic relationship with the biller, the payments will be delivered electronically.

In 2022 Aite Novarica, has published a new state of the market research which provides interesting look on the Electronic Billing market in the US. Biller Direct EBPP Solutions the report mentions not only the legacy solutions but also new and innovative technologies and solutions. The report mentioned: ACI Worldwide, Alacriti, Aliaswire, Amazon, American Family, BillGo, BillingTree, Billtrust, BlytzPay, Canam Steel, CapitalOne, Comerica, County of Los Angeles, Dade Systems, Dominion Energy, Drive Time, Eversource, Excelon, Farmer's Insurance, Fifth-Third Bank, FIS, Fiserv, Georgia Power, Grameen America, High Radius, Internal Revenue Service, InvoiceCloud, John Hancock, KUBRA, Liberty Mutual Insurance, Mastercard, Miami-Dade County, Mint.com, Mitsubishi, Mountain America Credit Union, MyCheckFree.com, National Grid, NCR, New York Life Insurance, Nissan, Ohio Mutual Insurance, Oklahoma Wesleyan University, OneMain Financial, Opportun, Paymentech, Paymentus, PayNearMe, PayPal, PNC Bank, Point and Pay, Pulte Mortgage, QuickBooks, Repay, Santander, Solano County, California, Southwest Gas, State of California, Stripe, SWBC, TDBank, Technology Credit Union, Transactis, Uber, United Auto Credit, U.S. Bank, Veridian Credit Union, VPS, WageWorks, Wells Fargo, Westlake Financial, and Wyndam Vacation Rentals.

See also
 Electronic invoicing
 Electronic receipt
 Legal Electronic Data Exchange Standard

References

Accounting software
Business software
Payment systems

Electronic billing


Matthew 28 is the twenty-eighth and final chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. This chapter records that Jesus is risen, describes the actions of the first witnesses to this event, and ends with the Great Commission.

Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 20 verses.

Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Codex Vaticanus (~325-350)
Codex Sinaiticus (~330-360)
Codex Bezae (~400)
Codex Washingtonianus (~400)
Codex Alexandrinus (~400-440)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (~450; extant verses 1-14)
Papyrus 105 (5th/6th century; extant verses 2-5)
Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (6th century).

King James Version
 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre.
 And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.
 His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment white as snow:
 And for fear of him the keepers did shake, and became as dead men.
 And the angel answered and said unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek Jesus, which was crucified.
 He is not here: for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place where the Lord lay.
 And go quickly, and tell his disciples that he is risen from the dead; and, behold, he goeth before you into Galilee; there shall ye see him: lo, I have told you.
 And they departed quickly from the sepulchre with fear and great joy; and did run to bring his disciples word.
 And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and held him by the feet, and worshipped him.
 Then said Jesus unto them, Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they go into Galilee, and there shall they see me.
 Now when they were going, behold, some of the watch came into the city, and shewed unto the chief priests all the things that were done.
 And when they were assembled with the elders, and had taken counsel, they gave large money unto the soldiers,
 Saying, Say ye, His disciples came by night, and stole him away while we slept.
 And if this come to the governor's ears, we will persuade him, and secure you.
 So they took the money, and did as they were taught: and this saying is commonly reported among the Jews until this day.
 Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, into a mountain where Jesus had appointed them.
 And when they saw him, they worshipped him: but some doubted.
 And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world. Amen.

Overview

The first section, verses 1-10, covers the visit of Mary Magdalene and "the other Mary" (Mary, the mother of James and Joses in Matthew 27:56) to the tomb of Jesus. The greek "εις μιαν σαββατων" literally reads "toward [the] first [day] of the sabbath", but is usually translated "first of the week." There an angel descends, opening the tomb and incapacitating the guards. The angel addresses the women, inviting them to see the place where he ("the Lord") had been laid, and to tell Jesus' disciples that he is (or has) risen. As they leave the area, they encounter the risen Jesus.

In the second section, verses 11-15, the guards return to Jerusalem, where they report to the chief priests about the events and the priests bribe the guards to lie about what has happened and tell that the disciples had come and stolen the body.

In the third section, verses 16-20, Jesus appears to the disciples in Galilee and issues the Great Commission ending with a trinitarian formula which is much disputed by modern scholars.

Henry Alford notes that the Ascension of Jesus is not recorded in Matthew's Gospel, but suggests that it is implied in the words "I am with you always", in the final verse.

The Textus Receptus Greek text and the King James Version end verse 20 with the , Amen, but the majority of ancient texts and modern English translations do not include this word. The Pulpit Commentary suggests that "the word is here an interpolation".

Sources

Matthew 28 covers the same material as Mark 16, Luke 24, and John 20 in the other gospels. As with the rest of Matthew it seems clear that Matthew is adapting what appears in Mark. Unusually the material not from Mark most closely matches the Gospel of John, unlike the rest of the gospel where non-Markan material is often matched in Luke. Some scholars thus believe that the authors of Matthew and John may have been working from a shared source on the resurrection that wasn't used by the other two gospel writers. A variation on the appearance of Jesus to the women does occur in John, but the wording is completely different in Matthew. The meeting with Jesus is a close variation on the meeting on the women's meeting with the angel, and may be based on that text originally from Mark.

The report of the guards is wholly unique to Matthew, but is matched with the guards content in Matthew 27. This material is thus a creation of Matthew's author, or based on a source only used by that writer. It also parallels the story of the women and the resurrection. This section is clearly apologetical, meant to address anti-Christian allegations that were current at the time of its writing.

The final meeting of Jesus and the disciples to issue the Great Commission appears in all four gospels, but with much variation. In Luke the meeting occurs in Jerusalem and it is also indicated that is the location in John. Mark does not give a location, but in Matthew it happens in Galilee. While similar to Mark, it is not believed that this section is based on that gospel, as the current ending of Mark 16 is today believed to be a later addition. Some scholars believe that the author of Matthew may have been working from the lost ending of Mark.

Reception
Some early Christian writings appealed to Matthew 28:19. The Didache (7.1), written at the turn of the 1st century, borrows the baptismal Trinitarian formula found in Matthew 28:19. The seventh chapter of the Didache reads "Having first said all these things, baptize into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit".

In addition, Tertullian, writing around the turn of the 2nd century (~200 CE), also cites the baptismal Trinitarian formula from this Matthean passage twice in his writings. In the 26th chapter of his Against Praxeas, arguing against a Unitarian understanding of God, Tertullian cites this formula, writing "He commands them to baptize into the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost, not into a unipersonal God." In addition, in the 13th chapter of Tertullian's On Baptism, he cites the formula in order to establish the necessity of the practice of baptism, writing "For the law of baptizing has been imposed, and the formula prescribed: "'Go,' He says, 'teach the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.'"

Verses

See also
 Great Commission
 Holy Week
 Resurrection of Jesus
  Related Bible parts: Mark 16, Luke 24, John 20

References

External links

 King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
What is the REAL Meaning of Matthew 28:19?

Gospel of Matthew chapters
Resurrection of Jesus in the New Testament
Post-resurrection appearances of Jesus

Matthew 28


Charles Colbert, Marquis of Croissy (1625 – July 28, 1696) was a French statesman and diplomat.

Biography
Colbert was born in Reims. Like his elder brother Jean-Baptiste Colbert, he began his career in the office of the minister of war Le Tellier.

In 1656 he bought a counsellorship at the parlement of Metz, and in 1658 was appointed intendant of Alsace and president of the newly created sovereign council of Alsace. In this position he had to re-organise the territory recently annexed to France. The steady support of his brother at court gained for him several diplomatic missions to Germany and Italy (1659–1661). In 1662 he became marquis de Croissy and président à mortier of the parlement of Metz.

After various intendancies, at Soissons (1665), at Amiens (1666), and at Paris (1667), he turned to diplomacy for good. In 1668, he represented France at the conference of Aix-la-Chapelle; and in August of the same year was sent as ambassador to the Court of St. James in London, where he was to negotiate the definite Treaty of Dover with Charles II of England, (1630-1685). He arranged the interview at Dover on the English Channel between King Charles and his sister Henrietta of Orléans, gained the King's personal favor by finding a mistress for him, Louise de Kéroualle, maid of honour to Madame, and persuaded him to declare the Third Anglo-Dutch War against the Dutch Republic.

The negotiation of the Treaty of Nijmwegen (1676–1678) still further increased his reputation as a diplomat and King Louis XIV, (1638-1715), made him secretary of state for foreign affairs for France after the disgrace of Arnauld de Pomponne, brought about by his brother in 1679. He at once assumed the entire direction of French royal diplomacy. Foreign ambassadors were no longer received and diplomatic instructions were no longer given by other secretaries of state. It was he, not de Louvois, who formed the idea of annexation during a time of peace, by means of the chambers of reunion. He had outlined this plan as early as 1658 with regard to Alsace. His policy at first was to retain the territory annexed by the chambers of reunion without declaring war, and for this purpose he signed treaties of alliance with the elector of Brandenburg (1681), and with Denmark (1683); but the troubles following upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) forced him to give up his scheme and to prepare for war with Germany (1688). The negotiations for peace had been begun again when he died at the Palace of Versailles, outside of Paris, on 28 July 1696. His clerk, Bergeret, was his assistant.

Marriage and children
In 1664, he married Françoise Béraud, daughter of a rich banker, who brought with her the territory of Croissy, which  would be turned into a Marquisate in July 1676. They had 7 children:
Jean Baptiste Colbert, Marquis of Torcy (1665–1746), succeeded him as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
 Charles Joachim Colbert (1667–1738), Bishop of Montpellier.
 Marie-Françoise (1671–1724), married the Marquis of Bouzols.
 Louis-François Henri Colbert, Count of Croissy (1676–1747), military and diplomat.
 Charlotte Colbert (1678–1765), abbess of the Maubuisson Abbey.
 Marguerite Thérèse Colbert (1682–1769), married the Marquis de Reynal and later the Duke of Saint-Pierre.
 Olympe Sophie Colbert (1686–1705), did not marry.

References

1625 births
1696 deaths
Politicians from Reims
17th-century French diplomats
French Foreign Ministers
People of the Anglo-Dutch Wars
Ambassadors of France to Prussia
Ambassadors of France to the Kingdom of England
Colbert family

Charles Colbert, Marquis of Croissy


Transylvania Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), as it was established in 1786 from part of Abingdon Presbytery, encompassed all of Kentucky, settlements on the Cumberland River in Tennessee, and later the settlements on the Great Miami River and Little Miami River in Ohio.

The presbytery grew rapidly and in 1799 was divided into three smaller presbyteries:
Transylvania Presbytery retained the area to the south and west of the Kentucky River in central Kentucky.
West Lexington Presbytery covered the area of Kentucky between the Kentucky River and the Licking River.
Washington Presbytery comprised the area northeast of the Licking River and north of the Ohio River

In 1802, these three presbyteries were formed into the Kentucky Synod, separate from the Synod of Virginia (Presbyterian). One of the first actions of the Kentucky Synod was to form Cumberland Presbytery from the portion of Transylvania Presbytery south of the Salt River.

Sources
 History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Kentucky to 1988, by Matthew H. Gore, Joint Heritage Committee of Covenant and Cumberland Presbyteries. Memphis, Tennessee, 2000.

Presbyterian Church (USA) presbyteries
Presbyterianism in Kentucky
Presbyterianism in Tennessee
Presbyterianism in Ohio

Transylvania Presbytery


Cross Sound Ferry is a passenger and road vehicle ferry service operating between New London, Connecticut and Orient on the North Fork of Long Island, New York.

The service is privately owned and operated by Cross Sound Ferry Services,  headquartered in New London and run by the Wronowski family, which also owns and operates the Block Island Express ferry service and the Thames Shipyard and Repair Company.

Overview
Though there have been multiple proposals to bridge the Long Island Sound at various locations, none have ever come to fruition. Therefore, Long Island motorists located east of the Throgs Neck Bridge heading toward Connecticut must first drive west into Queens, cross one of the three city bridges to the Bronx, and then drive east to reach New England destinations. This circuitous route could, at the extreme, add as many as  to a trip between Long Island and New London, points north, or points east. In addition to the saving in mileage, use of Cross Sound Ferry or its western competitor, the Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Ferry, drivers avoids heavy urban traffic in New York City and on Interstate 95 in Connecticut.

The ferry serves over one million passengers annually, about half of whom live on Long Island.

Cross Sound Ferry previously attempted to establish service between New London and East Hampton, on the South Fork of Long Island. A local ordinance passed by the Town of East Hampton in 1997 prohibits vehicle ferry service within the Town's borders and places limits on the speeds of both passenger vessels and road vehicles. Cross Sound Ferry filed a lawsuit against the town in 2004 to overturn the ruling, which was eventually dismissed.

Cross Sound Ferry operates year-round with up to 32 daily departures with the lone exception of no service on December 25, Christmas Day.

Sister companies
The Block Island Express, a high-speed passenger ferry service, operates out of the same New London ferry terminal and services Block Island (New Shoreham, Rhode Island). The Thames Shipyard and Repair Company services both Cross Sound Ferry and Block Island Express vessels. All three organizations share the 2 Ferry Street office at the New London terminal.

The three companies, as well as the Thames Towboat Company, are owned by John P. Wronowski and son, Adam Wronowski.

Fleet
Cross Sound Ferry Services owns a fleet of seven traditional vehicle-passenger ferries, one high-speed passenger-only ferry, and two additional ferries cruises and charters. Vessels are retrofitted at Cross Sound's sister company, Thames Shipyard and Repair. Block Island Ferry Services has one vessel, serviced at the same shipyard.

Controversy
Local officials on Long Island's North Fork have criticized Cross Sound Ferry for causing increased vehicle traffic on New York State Route 25 (NY 25), particularly following the addition of its Sea Jet service. The Orient terminal is located at the eastern terminus of NY 25, and all traffic must use NY 25 to get to and from the ferry terminal; travelers coming from points further west must travel through several towns, including Riverhead and Southold in the process. In an attempt to verify this, the Town of Southold commissioned a corridor study in 2007. However, the results of the study found that "the section of [NY 25] in the vicinity of the Cross Sound Ferry currently operates with a Vehicle to Capacity (v/c) ratio of .18. This means that the roadway is currently running at 18% of its total capacity. This also means that the roadway can handle approximately five times the current traffic."

In 2005, the Town of Southold filed a lawsuit in the New York State Supreme Court against Cross Sound Ferry for a series of zoning law violations., which was settled out of court.

On November 19, 2002, semi-truck driver Michael Zuber was killed by drowning after his semi-truck rolled off the back deck of the Susan Anne while he was asleep behind the wheel after crew members neglected to place wheel chocks behind the back wheels of Zuber's semi-truck. No criminal charges were filed against Cross Sound Ferry or any of its employees, but Zuber's family later filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the ferry company, alleging negligence. The two sides agreed to an out-of-court settlement for $3.2 million in 2008, some six years after the accident.

References

External links

Cross Sound Ferry official website

Ferries of Connecticut
Ferries of New York (state)
Transportation in New London County, Connecticut
Transportation in Suffolk County, New York
Long Island Sound

Cross Sound Ferry


Verna Grahek Mize (April 25, 1913 – January 1, 2013) was an American environmental activist. From 1967 to 1980, she led a campaign to prevent a mining company from dumping taconite tailings into Lake Superior. For her efforts, she was given the title, "First Lady of Lake Superior", and was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.

Early years and career
Mize was born in Houghton, Michigan, in 1913. She attended Calumet High School, graduating in 1940. She worked for many years for the federal government, including positions with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Environmental activism
Mize lived in Maryland but returned to Houghton and the lake every summer. In 1967, she could see that "the lake was not as clear as it used to be." A friend took her to Silver Bay, Minnesota, where she observed the environmental degradation of Lake Superior, the largest body of fresh water in the world. She learned that the Reserve Mining Company (Reserve), a large producer of iron ore at Silver Bay, was dumping 67,000 tons of mining waste material, known as taconite tailings, into the lake every day. The waste being dumped by Reserve was 50 times greater in quantity than the natural sediment deposited into the lake by all the rivers on the American side. The "gray gunk" was clouding the water for miles around.

Mize organized and led the Save Lake Superior campaign to stop the dumping. By 1970, she had written thousands of letters to politicians, scientists, newspapers, and government officials. In the summer of 1970, she gathered over 5,000 signatures on a petition asking President Richard M. Nixon to save the lake. She visited personally with governors, EPA officials, and others showing them a bottle of dirty, milky water from the lake. She also submitted a detailed plan showing that it was feasible to dispose of the waste on land.

Mize's efforts ultimately won support from six U.S. Senators representing the Great Lakes area. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a notice requiring Reserve to submit a plan to stop the pollution, but Reserve refused, and the Justice Department filed suit against the company in 1972. When the case went to trial in the summer of 1973, Mize carried a picket sign in front of the courthouse and sat in the front row as evidence was presented. She was a sharp critic of Reserve's attorneys, telling a reporter she did not understand why they were not wearing masks and adding, "I think they'd be ashamed to come in and show their faces."

At the trial, evidence was introduced that the waste material included billions of particles of asbestos and that water supplies in several communities along the lake were unsafe. A federal judge found the Reserve plant to be a "serious public health hazard." The trial court ordered an end to the dumping, but in October 1974, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in St. Louis reversed the injunction.  The litigation continued for years, and in 1980 the company was finally required to cease dumping into the lake.

Family and honors
In 1980, Michigan Governor William Milliken honored Mize with the title, "First Lady of Lake Superior". Also in 1980, a park in Houghton, located across the street from the house where she was born, was named in her honor.

In 2013, Mize died in Potomac, Maryland, at age 99. She was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.

She was posthumously inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 2016.

References

1913 births
2013 deaths
American women environmentalists
People from Houghton, Michigan
Activists from Michigan
21st-century American women

Verna Grahek Mize


Martin James Durkin (February 16, 1901 – May 25, 1981) was an American criminal and car thief. He is credited as the first man to kill a federal agent and was the subject of an intense manhunt by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Personally led by J. Edgar Hoover, then recently appointed Director of the FBI, it was one of the first major investigations by the agency, who were led by Durkin on a three-month chase through five states before his capture in 1926.

Biography
In late 1925, Durkin came under investigation by federal authorities for violation of the Dyer Act. A professional car thief, the 25-year-old was suspected of transporting stolen cars across state lines. On October 11, 1925, Durkin was followed to a Chicago garage by federal Special Agent Edwin C. Shanahan. When Shanahan approached the car Durkin was in he surprised him and Durkin shot him in the chest. The story received instant national attention because Shanahan was the first federal agent to be killed in the line of duty.

The reaction from the FBI was particularly aggressive and widely considered "a matter of pride and personal security" among virtually the entire agency. According to popular lore, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover called an aide to his office after hearing news of Shanahan's death and said "We've got to get Durkin. If one man from the Bureau is killed, and the killer is permitted to get away, our agents will never be safe. We can't let him get away with it."

Hoover authorized one of the first and largest manhunts in the FBI's history, which stretched across the country and included several major cities. Durkin did not immediately flee Chicago and remained in the city until eventually traveling to California. Federal agents followed him to California, where he was involved in a San Diego car theft, and then to Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. In El Paso, Durkin was stopped by a local sheriff who noticed Durkin carrying a pistol. He was then traveling with his girlfriend in a stolen Cadillac but falsely claimed that he was a deputy sheriff from California and was passing through on vacation. The sheriff allowed Durkin to retrieve his police identification from a nearby hotel but they instead took the opportunity to escape by driving into the Texas desert.

The FBI soon arrived in El Paso, shortly after Durkin's abandoned car was found wrecked and partially buried in mesquite. Investigators found a rancher who recalled a man and woman who had shown up at his home and asked for a lift to the nearest town. He agreed to drive them to Girvin and remembered overhearing a conversation the couple had which suggested they planned to catch a train in Alpine, Texas, the seat in Brewster County.

Although only 50 miles away from the Mexican border, authorities believed that Durkin would remain in the United States and most likely arrange travel to a large metropolitan area. A railroad ticket agent in Alpine identified Durkin as the man who had bought railroad tickets from him to San Antonio and from there to St. Louis. Durkin had already boarded a train to St. Louis on January 20, 1926, and was scheduled to arrive in the city at 11:00 am that same day. Investigators immediately phoned the FBI office in Missouri to intercept him and, cooperating with St. Louis police, had the train stopped at a small town just outside the St. Louis city limits. With the station surrounded on all sides by open farmland, there was little chance for Durkin to escape, and the train was boarded by federal agents and police officers, who arrested the fugitive in his private compartment before he could reach for his guns.

Durkin confessed to the murder of Shanahan once in custody but, as killing an FBI agent was not yet a federal crime, he was tried and convicted by the state of Illinois for murder and sentenced to 35 years imprisonment. Durkin was then tried in federal court, where he received 15 additional years for violations of the Dyer Act, but they were unable to prosecute him for the murder of Shanahan. Durkin spent almost 20 years at the Illinois state prison and, after his release on August 8, 1945, he was transferred to Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary where he remained until his parole on July 28, 1954. Durkin died in 1981.

Elizabeth Grace Andrews
On October 28, 1925, at 11:13 p.m., Sergeant Harry Gray and his officers went to Lloyd Ervin Austin Sr.'s apartment and asked if they could wait inside for Durkin. Austin gave permission and the officers stationed themselves in the 2nd floor rear apartment and awaited Durkin's arrival.

In addition to the officers inside the apartment, several officers were stationed throughout the neighborhood. As Durkin arrived, accompanied by his girlfriend Elizabeth Grace "Betty" Andrews, Sergeant Gray arrested him. However, a struggle between the two ensued. During the fight, Sergeant Michael Naughton pointed his shotgun at Durkin and as he pulled the trigger, Sergeant Gray fell against Durkin. His blast grazed Durkin's left arm the rest of the slugs going through a wall and into a closet where Austin Lloyd was hiding. Austin Lloyd was struck and mortally wounded. In retaliation for her uncle being shot, Betty Andrews produced a revolver and fired, fatally wounding Sergeant Gray. Durkin would also be shot during the struggle, but was unhurt as he was wearing a bulletproof vest.

Lloyd Austin was taken to a hospital where he died the next day. Sergeant Gray was taken to Mercy Hospital where his wife was already a patient. She sat at his bedside until he succumbed to his wounds five days later at 5:15 a.m. on November 2, 1925. Sergeant Gray's last word were reported as, "O, if Naughton had only known how to use a shotgun, or if he had let me take it."

Andrews died in a prison near Oak Forest, Illinois on April 24, 1932.

References

External links

1900s births
1981 deaths
Prohibition-era gangsters
American people convicted of murdering police officers
American people convicted of theft
Criminals from Chicago
People convicted of murder by Illinois
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Irish emigrants to the United States

Year of birth uncertain

Martin James Durkin


Charles Bancroft Dillingham (May 30, 1868 – August 30, 1934) was an American theatre manager and producer of over 200 Broadway shows.

Biography
Charles Bancroft Dillingham was born on May 30, 1868, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Edmund Bancroft Dillingham, an Episcopalian clergyman and Josephine Potter.  He graduated from the Hartford schools and went to work for a newspaper in Hartford, which sent him to Washington, D.C., as a correspondent. He then went to Chicago where he joined the staff of the Chicago Times-Herald. He subsequently moved to New York City and was hired by The Evening Sun for $15 per week. He became a theater critic for the New York Post.
In 1896 he wrote a play "Ten P.M." which was produced at the Bijou Theater. The producer Charles Frohman saw it and offered Dillingham a job as a advertising agent. They formed a theatrical alliance and a friendship that lasted until Frohman died in the 1915 sinking of the RMS Lusitania.

After leaving the employ of Frohman he formed the Dillingham Theatre Corporation. He also was associated over many years with A. L. Erlanger and Florenz Ziegfeld. The three were the principals of the A.L. Erlanger Amusement Enterprises, Inc. The 1936 Academy Award for Best Picture Winner The Great Ziegfeld told the story not only of Ziegfeld but also of Dillingham although it used the name "Billings" for Dillingham' likely due to Dillingham estate issues in which the Ziegfeld estate was owed money by the bankruptcy of Dillingham in 1933.

Dillingham was also the owner of the Hippodrome, which in its time was the largest theatrical venue in the world. There he produced ice skating spectacles and competitions, dance stars such as Anna Pavlova, and it is where 'Poor Butterfly' was first heard. On January 10, 1910, he opened the Globe Theatre (now known as the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre) at Broadway and 46th Street which was the first ever theater venue with a retractable roof.

Dillingham also introduced and managed dozens of star actors including Julia Marlowe and Ruby Keeler.

Productions

Dillingham began his producing career in 1902, with a production of The Cavalier, starring Julia Marlowe, William Lewers and Frank Worthing.  His other noteworthy productions include the following:
The Little Princess, 1903
Miss Dolly Dollars, 1905
The Echo, 1910
Miss 1917, 1917
A Bill of Divorcement, featuring Katharine Cornell, 1921
Good Times, 1920
Bulldog Drummond, 1921
Peter Pan, 1924
The Little Minister, 1925
Sidewalks of New York, featuring Ruby Keeler, 1927
Waterloo Bridge, 1930

He also produced several musicals and musical reviews during his career, including Watch Your Step, the first musical by Irving Berlin (which featured Vernon and Irene Castle in their Broadway debut).

In 1915, Dillingham hired the Russian prima ballerina Anna Pavlova to perform in New York City for six months.

Personal life

Dillingham was married in 1896 to actress and singer Jennie Yeamans who was a former child star.  She died in 1906. On May 5, 1913, in Purchase, New York, he married Eileen Ann Kearney formerly of Stillwater, Minnesota. The new Mrs. Dillingham was part of the Alla Nazimova dance troupe and later was in several productions of Dillingham's. Dillingham bought his wife the home owned by Barbara Hatch (a daughter of Mrs. Willy Vanderbilt) at 153 East 63rd Street later owned by Gypsy Rose Lee, Jasper Johns and Spike Lee.The couple were regulars in society just as the old guard and the theater world began mingling. They were among the early snowbirds fleeing to Palm Beach during the winter season. They were often at European social scenes such as the Ascot and Longchamp racecourses. The marriage broke up in August 1924 after Mrs. Dillingham became enamored of Julius Broome Livingston Allen, twelve years her junior, whom she married in October of that year. The divorce caused a sensation and was reported in Time magazine. Eileen was a life long friend of Florenz Ziegfeld's wife the actress Billie Burke. She died in 1957 after divorcing her second husband in 1936, whom she had married twice.

There have been various reports and rumors of Dillingham's homosexuality including a longtime relationship with Charles Frohman, with whom he lived for some time between his marriages. His second wife's family believed theirs to be a marriage of convenience. He was a pall bearer at Harry Houdini's funeral where he was thought to have quipped, "Let's see him get out of this one."

Ill health and the stock market crash of 1929 forced Dillingham to give up producing. The writer Damon Runyon mentioned him in a short essay called 'A Dog's Best Friend':

""Damon, what becomes of a man's friends when he gets sick?"

I could not answer that one. It reminded me of a somewhat similar question asked by the once great theatrical producer, Charles Dillingham, at a time when he was broke and commencing to be forgotten along the big street, of which he was once one of the most glamorous and successful figures. He was sitting on a stool at a drugstore lunch counter when a gabby guy who knew who he was took the stool beside him and began babbling.

"I wonder what's become of so-and-so?" he finally wondered, naming a Broadwayfarer who had sunk into obscurity.

"I don't know", said Dillingham, adding thoughtfully, "I wonder what's become of Dillingham?""

Dillingham died of bronchopneumonia on August 30, 1934, at the Hotel Astor where he lived.

Footnotes

References
 Charles Dillingham obituary, New York Times August 31, 1934.

External links

1868 births
1934 deaths
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
American theater critics
American theatre managers and producers
Broadway theatre producers
Burials at Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
People from Hartford, Connecticut
20th-century American male writers

Charles Dillingham


Jay Mazur (born January 22, 1965) is a Canadian-born American former professional ice hockey forward. He played 47 games in the National Hockey League with the Vancouver Canucks between 1988 and 1992, spending the rest of his career in the minor leagues before retiring in 2001.

Personal life
Mazur was born in Hamilton, Ontario and raised in Akron, Ohio. Mazur's father was a petroleum engineer who spent time in both the US and Canada. Mazur was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the 12th round of the 1983 NHL Entry Draft from Breck HS in Minnesota. Mazur then spent four years at the University of Maine, where he earned a degree in physical education.

Playing career
Mazur turned pro in 1987 and signed with the Canucks. His first three pro seasons were spent primarily with the Canucks' IHL farm teams where he was a productive scorer, although he did manage to earn two callups and gain six games of NHL experience. While his size (6'1" 210 lbs) and scoring touch were attractive to a small Canuck team, he needed time in the IHL to work on his skating, which was marginal by NHL standards.

Mazur had a strong training camp in 1990 to crack Vancouver's NHL squad full-time. Unfortunately, though, his season was curtailed by two major injuries which limited him to only 36 games. However, he was productive in his limited action, finishing with 11 goals and 18 points. He also played in all 6 playoff games in Vancouver's opening-round loss to the Los Angeles Kings.

Mazur was again on the Canucks' roster to start the 1991–92 season, although he was seeing limited action as a depth player. Following the team's signing of Russian superstar forward Pavel Bure a month into the season on October 31, Mazur was the odd man out and was reassigned to the AHL.

He spent three more years in Vancouver's farm system before finally parting ways with the Canucks in 1994. He then became something of a hockey nomad, playing for 8 different pro teams in 5 different minor-pro leagues, as well as brief stops in Italy and Germany, before retiring in 2001.

Post-playing career
Following his retirement he returned to Maine, where he currently coaches high-school hockey at Scarborough High School and was a Gym Teacher at Scarborough Middle School.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

External links

Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com

1965 births
Living people
Alexandria Warthogs players
American men's ice hockey right wingers
American people of Canadian descent
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Detroit Vipers players
Flint Spirits players
Fredericton Express players
Hamilton Canucks players
Ice hockey people from Hamilton, Ontario
Ice hockey players from Ohio
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
Milwaukee Admirals (IHL) players
Mohawk Valley Prowlers players
New Haven Knights players
Pee Dee Pride players
Portland Pirates players
Rochester Americans players
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
Tallahassee Tiger Sharks players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Motor City Mustangs players

Jay Mazur


The Edit menu is a menu-type graphical control element found in most computer programs that handle files, text or images. It is often the second menu in the menu bar, next to the file menu.

Whereas the file menu commonly contains commands about handling of files, such as open, save, and print, the edit menu commonly contains commands relating to the handling of information within a file, e.g. cut and paste and selection commands. In addition, it may also be home to the undo and redo commands, especially in word processors. It may also contain commands for locating information, e.g. find commands. In graphics-oriented programs, it often contains commands relating to the manipulation of images, for example the crop command.

Graphical control elements

Edit menu


Ynys Feurig (also spelt Ynys Feirig) is the name for a set of three small inter-connected low-lying inshore tidal rocky islets (3.1 ha in extent), lying off from the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales, just north of the village of Rhosneigr and south of RAF Valley airfield. They are also known by the English name Starvation Island. The islets are accessible from the mainland at mid-to low tide. The clipper Norman Court ran aground nearby, in Cymyran Bay.

Seabirds

The islands are important for their tern colony, in particular for roseate tern, for which this is the most regular breeding site on Anglesey, although numbers of breeding pairs are low currently (2005) compared with the past. Because of this the island has been designated as part of the Ynys Feurig, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries Special Protection Area along with two other nearby sites, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries, and all three are also classed by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area.

Ynys Feurig is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Birds interchange regularly between all three sites, and form part of a larger Irish Sea tern population together with birds at sites in Ireland such as Rockabill Island. The major threat to the terns here is predation by rats; in 1978 rats killed 17 adult terns including 14 roseate terns, as well as taking all the eggs and young of that year. The RSPB warden the site to protect the terns; management measures they have undertaken here to help increase the roseate tern population include small-scale control of vegetation and provision of nestboxes, although it is thought that the number of breeding pairs at this site is primarily dependent on the overall health of the Irish Sea population.

The site first came to national attention among birders in July 2005 when a sooty tern paid a very brief visit, before relocating to The Skerries and Cemlyn.

References

External links

Islands of Anglesey
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in West Gwynedd
Important Bird Areas of Wales
Tidal islands of Wales
Llanfair-yn-Neubwll

Ynys Feurig


The Blue Humans is the name used by experimental guitarist Rudolph Grey for the improvised performances he leads with a variety of other musicians. Grey first came to notice in the late-1970s New York City post punk and art scene which also produced Sonic Youth and Swans, and played in the influential no wave band Mars. Since then, he has released solo material as well as several Blue Humans records, the latter mostly live recordings. Blue Humans members and collaborators have included Tom Surgal, Arthur Doyle, Beaver Harris, Alan Licht, Charles Gayle, and Thurston Moore.

Blue Humans lineups are often trios, sometimes two guitars and drums, sometimes guitar-sax-drums. Their sound is fast-moving, noisy, and aggressively atonal, although on longer pieces such as the 20-minute title track of Clear to Higher Time, they can produce a precisely-controlled build of tension.

Discography

References

External links
 [ The Blue Humans bio in allmusic.com]

Free improvisation ensembles
Experimental musical groups
Noise musical groups
Blast First artists

The Blue Humans


A wallet is a small flat container, mostly of leather or fabric, that a person uses to hold cash, credit cards, identification cards, etc. Most men usually keep their wallets in their pockets, while women usually keep them in larger bags called purses.

Wallets, particularly in Europe, where larger coins are prevalent, contain also a coin purse compartments. Some wallets have built-in clasps or bands to keep them closed.

As European banknotes, such as Euros and Pounds, are typically larger than American banknotes in size, they do not fit in some smaller American wallets.

A cryptocurrency wallet is a device, program, or service that stores public and/or private keys for cryptocurrency transactions. In addition to this basic function, a cryptocurrency wallet most often also offers provides encryption and/or the use of a digital signature.

Other websites
Collection of Unique Wallet Designs
Some images for wallet design
Wallet stealing

References

Money
Accessories

Wallet


Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men.  The estimated number of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44,670 compared to only 1,690 deaths.  Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities.

Diagnosis

The first step in diagnosing a thyroid neoplasm is a physical exam of the neck area. If any abnormalities exist, a doctor needs to be consulted. A family doctor may conduct blood tests, an ultrasound, and nuclear scan as steps to a diagnosis.  The results from these tests are then read by an endocrinologist who will determine what problems the thyroid has.
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are two conditions that often arise from an abnormally functioning thyroid gland.  These occur when the thyroid is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone respectively.

Thyroid nodules are a major presentation of thyroid neoplasms, and are diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (USG/FNA) or frequently by thyroidectomy (surgical removal and subsequent histological examination). FNA is the most cost-effective and accurate method of obtaining a biopsy sample. As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy.

Nodules are of particular concern when they are found in those under the age of 20. The presentation of benign nodules at this age is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater.

Classification
Thyroid neoplasm might be classified as benign or malignant.

Benign neoplasms
Thyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the thyroid.  Thyroid nodules are very common and around 80 percent of adults will have at least one by the time they reach 70 years of age.  Approximately 90 to 95 percent of all nodules are found to be benign.

Malignant neoplasms

Thyroid cancers  are mainly papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men. Nearly 80 percent of thyroid cancer is papillary and about 15 percent is follicular; both types grow slowly and can be cured if caught early. Medullary thyroid cancer makes up about 3 percent of this cancer. It grows slowly and can be controlled if caught early.  Anaplastic is the most deadly and makes up around 2 percent.  This type grows quickly and is hard to control.  The classification is determined by looking at the sample of cells under a microscope and determining the type of thyroid cell that is present.
Other thyroid malignancies include thyroid lymphoma, various types of thyroid sarcoma, smooth muscle tumors, teratoma, squamous cell thyroid carcinoma and other rare types of tumors.

Treatment
Treatment of a thyroid nodule depends on many things including size of the nodule, age of the patient, the type of thyroid cancer, and whether or not it has spread to other tissues in the body. If the nodule is benign, patients may receive thyroxine therapy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone and should be reevaluated in six months.  However, if the benign nodule is inhibiting the patient's normal functions of life; such as breathing, speaking, or swallowing, the thyroid may need to be removed. Sometimes only part of the thyroid is removed in an attempt to avoid causing hypothyroidism.  There is still a risk of hypothyroidism though, as the remaining thyroid tissue may not be able to produce enough hormones in the long-run.

If the nodule is malignant or has indeterminate cytologic features, it may require surgery.  A thyroidectomy is a medium-risk surgery that can result in complications if not performed correctly.  Problems with the voice, nerve or muscular damage, or bleeding from a lacerated blood vessel are rare but serious complications that may occur.  After removing the thyroid, the patient must be supplied with a replacement hormone for the rest of their life.  This is commonly a daily oral medication prescribed by their endocrinologist.

Radioactive iodine-131 is used in patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer for ablation of residual thyroid tissue after surgery and for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Patients with medullary, anaplastic, and most Hurthle cell cancers do not benefit from this therapy. External irradiation may be used when the cancer is unresectable, when it recurs after resection, or to relieve pain from bone metastasis.

See also
 Radioactive contamination

References

External links
 Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials Page of the American Thyroid Association
 Thyroid Cancer- National Cancer Institute
 Diagnostic patient information

Thyroid disease
Endocrine neoplasia

Thyroid neoplasm