Jeff Albertson, commonly known as Comic Book Guy, is a recurring fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons. He is voiced by Hank Azaria and first appeared in the second-season episode "Three Men and a Comic Book", which originally aired on May 9, 1991. Comic Book Guy is the proprietor of a comic book store, The Android's Dungeon & Baseball Card Shop. He is based on "every comic book store guy in America" and represents a stereotypical middle-aged comic-book collector. He is well known for his distinctive accent, disagreeable personality and his catchphrase, "Worst [-] ever!"

Role in The Simpsons

Profile
Comic Book Guy (who states Jeff Albertson to be his real name in the episode "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass") is a nerdy, snobby and quarrelsome man. He is best known for his eloquence and crabby, sarcastic quips. He is obsessed with collecting comic books and is an avid science fiction buff. He holds a master's degree in folklore and mythology (having translated The Lord of the Rings into Klingon as part of his thesis), as well as a degree in chemical engineering, has an IQ of 170, and is a member of the Springfield branch of Mensa. He is morbidly obese and has long hair, which he always keeps tied in a ponytail.

His catchphrase is the declaration "worst/best [subject] ever", sometimes to the point of breaking the fourth wall. For example, in the episode "Saddlesore Galactica", he wears a T-shirt saying "Worst Episode Ever".  Another example of breaking the fourth wall occurs in an episode when Comic Book Guy's chair collapses, and he sarcastically says "Ooh, a fat man falls. Real original." Despite his solitary life, in The Simpsons Movie, minutes before his anticipated death, Comic Book Guy says that his obsessive comic book collecting has been a "life well spent". However, in "Treehouse of Horror VIII", when a nuclear missile homes in on him, he says to himself, "Oh, I've wasted my life", although the Treehouse of Horror episodes are not part of the normal Simpsons canon. In the 2008 episode "Any Given Sundance" it was revealed that he is also a writer and posts to his own site called "Ain't I Fat News", a take on the real-life movie review website Ain't It Cool News.

Romance
Comic Book Guy was once married in an online role-playing game. He and his Internet wife contemplated having children, but that would have severely drained his "power crystals". In Season 16's "There's Something About Marrying", he hopes to wed a Xena: Warrior Princess cardboard figure. While part of an intellectual junta that briefly ran Springfield in "They Saved Lisa's Brain", he proposes plans to limit breeding to once every seven years (a reference to the Vulcan blood fever of mating, called Pon farr), commenting that this would mean much less breeding for most, but for him, "much, much more". He is a virgin well into his forties, but becomes sexually and romantically involved with Principal Skinner's mother Agnes. He later dates Edna Krabappel after she leaves Skinner at the altar. They are nearly married at a science fiction convention with Skinner and Bart trying to stop the wedding, but Edna changes her mind, preferring not to be tied down to a relationship. Comic Book Guy is not particularly surprised by this, saying, "There are a million valid reasons, but which one did you pick?" When Edna gently explains "It's like I'm DC Comics, and you're Marvel", he accepts the comparison without any rancor. In "Married to the Blob" Comic Book Guy marries Kumiko Nakamura, a Japanese manga artist.

The Android's Dungeon

Comic Book Guy is the owner of The Android's Dungeon & Baseball Card Shop, a local comic book store. The comics, collectibles, and toys he sells are of wildly varying quality and often have very high prices. His store is his sanctuary, where he holds some level of self-esteem, imperiously lording over pre-teen kids, like Bart Simpson and Milhouse Van Houten, using a heavily sarcastic tone and often banning certain customers for minor infractions. His store contains a lower level full of illegal videos (which include Mr. Rogers drunk, Alien autopsy, Illegal Alien Autopsy, a "good version" of The Godfather Part III, and Kent Brockman picking his nose).

In "Husbands and Knives", the store was closed due to bankruptcy when a rival comic book shop opened across the road, run by an owner with significantly better customer service and social skills. Although his old store was bought by Marge Simpson in the same episode and not returned, Comic Book Guy continues running his store in future episodes and the rival store is usually not mentioned, though it was referred to again when its owner showed up in "Married to the Blob". Also Bart and Milhouse became managers of The Android's Dungeon for a time in "Worst Episode Ever".

Character

Creation
Comic Book Guy was partly inspired by a clerk at the Los Angeles comic book shop who often "[sat] on the high stool, kind of lording over the store with that supercilious attitude and eating behind the counter a big Styrofoam container full of fried clams with a lot of tartar sauce." Groening noted:

Azaria based Comic Book Guy's voice on a college contemporary named Mark who went by the nickname "F", short for "Flounder" from the film National Lampoon's Animal House, and lived in the room next door to him at Tufts University. Hank Azaria further explained that "F" would listen to the song "867-5309" all day long and that Mark would keep a list of top five and bottom five people whom he liked and hated in the dorm and post it hourly. Azaria stated that he himself was always on the bottom five of the list because he complained about the playing of the music. Azaria "loves that the character is an adult who argues with kids as if they're his peers."

Development
Within the series, the character Comic Book Guy is often used to represent a stereotypical inhabitant of the newsgroup alt.tv.simpsons. The first such instance occurred in the seventh-season episode "Radioactive Man", in which Comic Book Guy is logging on to his favorite newsgroup alt.nerd.obsessive. David X. Cohen often read alt.tv.simpsons to gauge audience response to episodes. He decided to lampoon the passion and the fickleness of the fans.

In the eighth-season episode "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show" after Comic Book Guy views the Itchy & Scratchy episode featuring Poochie, he immediately goes on the Internet and writes, "Worst episode ever" on a message board; a commentary on how the active audience nitpicks the episode. The writers respond by using the voice of Bart Simpson:

The catchphrase further appears on his T-shirt in the eleventh season episode "Saddlesore Galactica", and as the title of the twelfth season episode "Worst Episode Ever". The catchphrase can also be used for describing other things by saying, "Worst. (Noun). Ever."

Name
A long-running gag on the show was never to reveal the character's name, with other characters referring to him as "Comic Book Guy". The writers had intended to name the character as early as his first episode, but they could not think of a name for him, and they called him "Comic Book Guy", with the intention of naming the character the next time they used him. However, they continually procrastinated. Finally, in the February 6, 2005 episode, "Homer and Ned's Hail Mary Pass", Comic Book Guy nonchalantly tells Ned Flanders: "My name is Jeff Albertson, but everyone calls me 'Comic Book Guy'". Showrunner Al Jean remarked: "That was specifically done to make people really mad. We just tried to pick a generic name. It was also the Super Bowl show. We did it so the most people possible would see it." Groening stated that he had originally intended him to be called Louis Lane and be "obsessed and tormented by" Lois Lane, but Groening was not present when the writers chose the name. His name is also mentioned in The Simpsons Game.

Reception

Hank Azaria has won several Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance for his work on The Simpsons, winning one in 2001 for voicing Comic Book Guy and various other characters in the episode "Worst Episode Ever".

Merchandising and other media
Comic Book Guy is featured on the cover of the twelfth season DVD. He appears on other media as well, including T-shirts and drinking glasses.

In The Simpsons Game, he explains all the clichés that the player comes across during the game. Comic Book Guy has appeared in his own five-part comic book, in which his death influenced a nerd and geek gang war. The Simpsons Library of Wisdom includes a volume entitled "Comic Book Guy's Book of Pop Culture".

Comic Book Guy appears in Hit and Run as a drivable character, the host for bonus mission level four and host for a level seven mission. He is also a passenger in Road Rage.

Comic Book Guy makes a cameo appearance in the season two finale of The Cleveland Show saying the line, "Worst. Cameo. Ever."

Comic Book Guy makes a brief appearance in the Simpsons/Family Guy crossover episode "The Simpsons Guy" to say "Worst. Chicken Fight. Ever."

Comic Book Guy makes a brief appearance as the clerk of "Karl's Komics" selling comics to Chip Flagston of Hi and Lois, March 25, 2018.

References

External links

 Comic Book Guy on IMDb

The Simpsons characters
Television characters introduced in 1991
Animated characters introduced in 1991
Fictional shopkeepers
Comics fandom
Nerd culture
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional Mensans
Fictional cyberbullies
Male characters in television
Male characters in animated series
Characters created by Matt Groening
Crossover characters in television

Comic Book Guy


Nadim Bashir Gemayel (Arabic: نديم الجميل, born 1 May 1982) is a Lebanese politician, mostly known for being the son of former Lebanese president-elect Bachir Gemayel. He is a member of the Kataeb party that was founded by his grandfather Pierre Gemayel.

Early life and education
Nadim Gemayel was born in Bikfaya on 1 May 1982 to Solange Gemayel (née Toutounji), and Bashir Gemayel, a Maronite Christian from Bikfaya, Mount Lebanon. Nadim is the youngest to two sisters, Youmna (born 1980) and Maya (born 1978). Maya was only 18 months old when she was killed in 1980 by a car bomb that was intended for her father.

Nadim Gemayel's father, Bachir Gemayel, was a prominent national leader in Lebanon and an elected President of the Republic in 1982. Bashir was assassinated on 14 September 1982, 21 days after being elected president. Nadim was only four months old when his father was killed.

Following high school, Nadim Gemayel moved to France to pursue his law degree and graduated from Panthéon-Assas University in 2004. He currently practices law with a prominent law firm which maintains offices in Lebanon and Qatar.

In addition to his position inside the Kataeb party, Nadim Gemayel holds a seat in the Lebanese Parliament and serves as co-chairperson of the Bachir Gemayel Foundation, founded in 1982 following the murder of his father.

Political career
Believing in what he says was his father's dream of freeing Lebanon from all foreign occupiers and unifying its people, Nadim Gemayel started his political struggle at a relatively young age. He has successfully secured a prominent position within the Kataeb Party in spite of many obstacles, and has won parliamentary elections in Achrafieh where he enjoys an undisputed popularity.

Syrian hegemony 1994–2005

Following Bashir Gemayel's assassination in 1982, Lebanon entered an era where Syrian control began, and culminated in 1990 with the Syrian takeover of the Presidential Palace of Baabda.

Nadim Gemayel started his struggle against the Syrians by participating and leading Anti-Syrian demonstrations, organizing sit-ins with other Anti-Syrian factions inside the universities, and lobbying for Lebanon during his university years outside Lebanon.

Nadim Gemayel's most notable appearances, apart from his annual speech, were during the MTV shutdown in 2002, where he was at the forefront of the demonstration to reopen the station, defying the Syrian-Lebanese security apparatus and almost got arrested, and the 2003 Baabda-Aley elections.

Cedar Revolution 2005
The assassination of former prime minister Rafic Hariri in 2005 triggered a series of demonstrations against the Syrian troops and the Lebanese security officials. Those demonstrations culminated on 14 March 2005, which was later on known to anti-Syrian factions as the "Cedar Revolution".

Nadim Gemayel was present throughout the period and was among many Anti-Syrian political factions to set up a tent with their supporters in Martyrs' Square demanding the resignation of the government and the security officials, the complete and unconditioned withdrawal of Syrian troops and the establishment of an international commission to investigate the assassination of then- Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri and past political assassinations.

Kataeb
The Cedar Revolution was followed by an almost complete Syrian withdrawal on 26 April 2005 after international pressure chiefly by the Americans and Europeans.

Despite the Syrian withdrawal, Syria was still present politically through its intelligence officers and the alliances with Lebanese factions it had established.

Nadim Gemayel saw this as Lebanon's second independence and a historic opportunity to launch his political career officially and engage the Kataeb party, to fight Syrian security officials in Lebanon.

On 26 April 2006, the Kataeb district in Achrafieh, after months of renovation, was opened and launched by Nadim Gemayel. The ceremony included a speech by Nadim Gemayel embodying his political beliefs and goals, and was finalized by a prayer and lighting candles on his father's memorial.
Nadim Gemayel addressed the Lebanese and the Christians mainly urging them to unite under one banner to "build a sovereign state". He also stressed on Hezbollah's weapons, calling them illegitimate and asked that only the Lebanese armed forces carry weapons. He continued "We are with dialogue without any preconditions… What we care for are Lebanon's people and the future of its youth."

Parliamentary elections 2009
Nadim Gemayel decided to run for the Parliamentary elections in Beirut's first District (Ashrafieh, Rmeil, Sayfi) his main rival for the Maronite seat was Massoud Al Achkar. He ran as a Kataeb and 14 March candidate alongside Gebran Tueni's daughter Nayla Tueni.
The election on 7 June 2009 was a very close race to the parliament, Nadim Gemayel won the Maronite seat in Beirut's first district and is not anymore an MP in the new Lebanese Parliament. Nayla Tueni also won the Greek Orthodox seat in the same district.

References

1982 births
Living people
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Lebanese Maronites
Kataeb Party politicians
Members of the Parliament of Lebanon
Nadim
Lebanese anti-communists
Children of presidents of Lebanon
Maronite politicians

Nadim Gemayel


The International Braille Chess Association (IBCA) is an organization for blind and visually impaired chess players. The International Braille Chess Association originated unofficially in 1951 with the organization of the first international correspondence chess tournament for blind players, by Reginald Walter Bonham; the tournament included 20 players representing 10 countries. It first organized a tournament in 1958, with representatives from seven countries. Today, it has grown to encompass over 50 member nations around the world.[1] The IBCA hosts two important competitions: the Blind Chess Olympiad and the Blind World Chess Championship.

Rule modifications
Although most of the rules in blind chess are consistent with basic chess, there are a few modifications to the equipment to help blind and visually impaired players:
 All the black squares are raised about 3–4 mm above the white squares on the chessboard. By feeling the squares, the player is able to determine whether the square is a black or a white one.
 Each of the squares on the board has a hole in the center so that the chess pieces can be fixed in these holes.
 Each of the pieces has a downward projection (nail) at the base, which fits into the hole in the squares on the board, thereby fixing the piece securely on the board.
 All the black pieces have a pin fixed on their heads helping the player distinguish between a white and a black piece.
After making every move, each player is required to announce their move aloud to their opponent. Instead of writing the moves on a chess score sheet, the visually impaired player writes the moves in Braille or records the moves on a tape recorder.

Other websites
  official website
Chess organizations
Braille
International sports organizations

International Braille Chess Association


Guigues V (c. 1125 – 29 July 1162) was the Count of Albon and Grenoble from 1142 until his death. He was the first to take the title Dauphin du Viennois.

Guigues V was the son of Guigues IV, Count of Albon (1133–42), and Margaret of Mâcon. He inherited when he was considered too young to rule on his own and so his mother controlled the regency until 1153. In that year Guigues took the reins of government and immediately set about to avenge his father, who had been killed in a surprise attack by the Count of Savoy, Amadeus III, during the siege of Montmélian eleven years earlier. Guigues V besieged Montmélian a second time, but was driven off by Humbert's relief force. Peace was finally achieved by the intervention of the Bishop of Grenoble, Hugh II.

Two years later, on 13 January 1155, Guigues was in Rivoli, near Turin, to recognise the suzerainty of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, for his lands. The emperor in return confirmed the count of Albon in the possession of certain territories his ancestors had acquired through litigation, and granted him a mint at Râme in the Embrunais and the right to mint coin in Cesana (in competition with the Savoyard mint at Susa).

Guigues died without male heirs at Vizille in 1162. He left a daughter, Beatrice, who inherited his lands and titles.

The identity of his wife, whom he married in 1155, is uncertain, other than that she was a kinswoman of Frederick Barbarossa, according to Chorier. However, Usseglio has shown that Chorier had misdated a charter of Frederick II for one of Frederick I: the Beatrice of Montferrat in question was the daughter of William VI of Montferrat, and widow of Guiges V's grandson Guigues VI of Viennois.

Notes

References

Sources

1120s births
1162 deaths
12th-century French people
Dauphins of Viennois
Counts of Albon
Counts of Grenoble
Counts of Oisans
Counts of Briançon

Year of birth uncertain

Guigues V of Albon


Land's End Observatory is a ranger observatory on the rim of Grand Mesa in Colorado. It is accessible from the Grand Mesa Scenic and Historic Byway via Land's End Road,
which is about half paved and half gravel. The observatory is about 10 miles west of Colorado State Highway 65.
Land's End Road descends as an all-gravel road from the observatory down to U.S. Route 50,
and the observatory can be accessed from that direction as well.

The observatory was built by the United States Forest Service
and the Works Progress Administration in 1936-37, with some assistance from two
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) side camps.

A large viewing area outside the building provides a panoramic view of western Colorado and eastern Utah. As of 2022, the observatory building itself is closed and boarded up.

From the U. S. Forest Service sign outside the building:

You have reached Land's End Observatory
on Colorado's highest mesa, the Grand
Mesa, 10,500 feet above sea level. Built in
1936-37 by the United States Forest Service
and the Works Progress Administration
(WPA), the observatory reflects the rustic
style of architecture found in public
buildings throughout the national parks and
forests. It is marked by simplicity and
craftsmanship, appearing to grow out of the
earth rather than intrude upon it. Basalt
stones were selected from the mesa and
carefully fitted together to form the walls
and terrace. Wood shingles were hand-
sawn. The original, handcrafted woodwork
can still be found inside. Most of the WPA
workers who toiled here during the Great
Depression are unknown, the observatory
remains their legacy.

Land's End Road was once known as the
Veterans' Road. When the Great Depression
left many World War I veterans unemployed,
President Roosevelt responded by opening
the already created Civilian Conservation
Corps (CCC) to include them. Thus, between
June 1933 and May 1934, the 200 veterans
who were brought to Land's End camp
completed 9.2 miles of road. They were paid
a dollar a day for their work. Ranging in age
from thirty-three to fifty-five, the veterans
were hailed as "a remarkable group of men,
skilled in almost every imaginable trade."
They lived in army tents roughly eleven
miles below the mesa rim while clearing the
brush for the road. The toughest part of the
Land's Ends Road, from the Wild Road
Picnic Area to the rim, was completed over
the next two summers by Civil Service
machine operators and a few civilian
workers hired by the United States Forest
Service. "Built the whole road," said the
project engineer, "blasting and all, without
injuries."

References

External links

Grand Mesa National Forest - official site with visiting information
 - extensive detail on the building

Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Mesa County, Colorado
Tourist attractions in Mesa County, Colorado
Rustic architecture in Colorado
Civilian Conservation Corps in Colorado
Works Progress Administration in Colorado
National Register of Historic Places in Mesa County, Colorado
1937 establishments in Colorado

Land's End Observatory


Anne Gorsuch Burford (April 21, 1942 – July 18, 2004), also known as Anne M. Gorsuch, was an American attorney and politician. Between 1981 and 1983, while known as Anne M. Gorsuch, she served under President Ronald Reagan as the first female Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). She was born in Casper, Wyoming.

Burford was married to David Gorsuch from 1964 until they divorced in 1982. They had two children, including Judge Neil Gorsuch, who is President Donald Trump's nominee to United States Supreme Court. In 1983, she married Robert Burford. He died in 1993. They had one child.

Burford died in Aurora, Colorado from cancer on July 18, 2004, aged 62.

Other websites
 Washington Post obituary for Anne Gorsuch

1942 births
2004 deaths
Cancer deaths in Colorado
Politicians from Wyoming
People from Casper, Wyoming
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
People from Aurora, Colorado
Politicians from Colorado
Lawyers from Wyoming
Lawyers from Colorado
Republican Party (United States) politicians

Anne Gorsuch Burford


is a role-playing video game developed by Japanese developer Gust for the PlayStation 2, the first of the Atelier Iris saga. Despite the Atelier series' long run and popularity in Japan, Atelier Iris was the first of the series to be released in the U.S.; this release and the English translation were done by NIS America. Japanese voice-overs can be enabled.

World and plot
Eternal Mana is set in the world of Regallzine, long the home of alchemy and mana. Wars and internal disputes have separated the kingdom of Esviore and now, the area of South Esviore where the game takes place is no longer under the control of King Slaith. Instead, each separate city-state of South Esviore runs their own affairs, trading with one another but remaining mostly separate.

The situation with Regallzine is also tied with the fate of Avenberry, a legendary city of alchemists that existed many hundreds of years before the game's beginning. No one knows exactly what happened, but it is said that Avenberry fell because of the misuse of the alchemy that ran their lives. Many alchemists and treasure hunters have come to Avenberry to try to unlock its secrets since that time, and the city of Kavoc was built for that purpose. However, none have been able to get past the gate that guards the citadel, and Avenberry's secrets have so far been preserved.

Alchemists today are few and far between, most basing their research on the studies of Iris, an alchemist who lived before the fall of Avenberry. They travel the world in search of new alchemaic artifacts for synthesis, ruins of the past, and Mana. The mana are a race of beings that allow alchemists to use their power. They augment the power of the elements which Alchemists extract from objects in the world and use them to create new and powerful magical items. Mana have feelings, emotions, and personalities just as people do, and many become good friends with their alchemist, although some people do forget about this fact.

The protagonist of the game, Klein Kiesling, is one of these wandering alchemists. His adventure begins when he stumbles across a monster in a forest, is rescued by a girl, and gets wound up in her fate and eventually, the fate of the world.

Characters

Playable characters
Eternal Mana contains six playable characters. Three characters can be in a battle party, with the player free to switch the others in and out at any time.

The protagonist of the game, Klein is a young alchemist traveling the world. He was raised by his grandmother, Daphne, who was a great alchemist, and who left him her alchemy notebook. He is now on a journey for alchemaic items and more information on Alchemy along with his Wood Mana friend, Popo. Klein becomes involved in greater things when he runs into Lita in the forest and is eventually recruited by her to become a Galgazit, or monster hunter. He uses a cane as a weapon.

Lita is a spunky girl who works as a Galgazit in the city of Kavoc. She meets Klein when she stumbles upon him being attacked by a monster in the woods. She helps chase it off, insults Klein's fighting ability, and leaves. She eventually meets Klein again and invites him to become a monster hunter with her. Throughout the game, she develops a crush on Klein, but he never realizes it. Although Lita appears cheerful, outgoing, and perfectly normal, her past is a mystery and the events within may soon come to involve more than just herself. One of her strangest habits is becoming completely drunk after just one sip of a beverage called "Moon Milk", which she happens to love. She shares a family name with Felt and Viese, two protagonists from Atelier Iris 2. She uses metal claws for weapons. It is revealed after visiting Iris' Resting Place that Lita is an artificial life form created by Iris Blanchmont. After an encounter with Mull, her Ruby Prism, or power source, is stolen, and her mana maximum from that point on decreases naturally, only restorable by Mana Baths.

Delsus is an alcohol-loving, anti-sweets, woman-chasing, good natured archer who resides in Kavoc. He first meets Klein in the local bar and eventually helps the alchemist and Lita escape from soldiers who want to force Klein to join their ranks. Although he can be a pervert, as Lita is quick to note, he is a good man at heart and soon becomes a repository of knowledge and a loyal member of the team. He fights with a crossbow. His home town is the village of Duran, which he reluctantly reveals as the party searches for the Eternal Land of Mana, and his full name is Sir Ghaleon Ashley Delsus Delvarood. He is the son of the chief of Duran, and ran away to avoid the Test of Parodius, the test to become the next village chief, which he passes with the help of Klein and friends.

Norn is a catgirl who is an apprentice magician to Zeldalia, an alchemist living in Poto's Forest. She was adopted by Zeldalia at a young age, and was taught many magical techniques. Zeldalia cast a spell on her so she can talk to the party while Norn travels with Klein. Norn joins the party after she steals Klein's grandmother's alchemy notebook and leads the party to her mentor. She frequently displays fatigue or hunger, which comes off as more catlike than human. She fights with a staff.

Arlin is a mysterious swordsman who is out for revenge against the game's villain, Mull. No one knows his reasons behind this, except he wishes to go to Avenberry for some reason. Arlin has been seen conversing with a strange Mana, although he confides nothing of his plans with the party for some time. He fights with a sword. Arlin is an artificial lifeform, like Lita, but created by Mull. He was, however, incomplete, and Mull threw him away, so Arlin seeks revenge against Mull for treating him and his 'brothers' (other lifeform experiments) so poorly.

Marietta is a former Knight of Alkavana who left the organization when it began to become corrupt and power-hungry. She joins with Klein's group when they help her fight off pursuing knights and ends up staying around to help them save the world. She fights with a sword.

Non-playable characters

Pamela is a cute, giggly ghost who befriends some of Kavoc's children, and she becomes good friends with Klein's party. She has amnesia, so she cannot remember how she died, and she is looking for her original body to try to remember her past, but this does not affect her good humor. She enjoys being a ghost, and always says she's looking for a cute guy to be with.

Pamela is a recurring character throughout the Atelier series, having first appeared in Atelier Judie. She has gone on to make appearances in several Atelier games since then.

Zeldalia is an old witch and alchemist. She was best friends with Daphne, Klein's grandmother, and she becomes a valued ally of the party. She is also Norn's teacher and surrogate mother. When far away, she actually uses Norn as a "telephone", making her go to sleep and talking through her. Zeldalia is wise and serious, and she recognizes Klein's importance in taking down Mull. Although her alchemical skills have maintained her superficially young, the weight of time has actually taken its toll on her, and she constantly suffers from a bad hip.

The titular heroine of the game, human incarnation of Lilith and reputed last survivor of Eden. Iris lived during the age of Avenberry and developed the art of alchemy greatly. Her theories, called Iris' Theories, are still widely used by alchemists today, including Klein. Iris is a recurring character in the later Atelier Iris games.

Although he supposedly starts off as the main villain of the game, Beggur quickly turns into a comic relief not-so-bad guy, as the more menacing Mull takes center stage as villain. He is the leader of the Alkavana Knights, who are fanatically loyal to him. He is also Marietta's older brother.

Veola is the owner of the magic shop in Kavoc. She is a very taciturn and reserved girl, bordering on anti-social, but as the game progresses she starts to open up more and becomes good friends with Klein and his crew, though she wishes she could be more than friends with Klein. Because of this, she also develops a not-so-friendly rivalry with Lita over winning Klein over, but they eventually become good friends.

Blair is an apprentice baker in Arcose. She was the daughter of a very rich family, but tragic circumstances led to her becoming a peasant, and she started over by becoming an apprentice to Arcose's head baker. She is very nostalgic about her past, and has a very explosive temper, but she can also be very sweet. She is also an incredibly gifted baker, and she constantly tries to develop new, more amazing styles of bread. She also secretly makes candy, and wishes to add candy to the store's menu. She also develops a slight crush on Klein.

The game's antagonist. A former friend of Zeldalia and Daphne, as well as a gifted alchemist, Mull differed from the philosophies he was taught (Iris's theories on alchemy), and decided to follow his own path to alchemical mastery. Unfortunately, this path consists of abusing Mana to his own twisted ends. Mull romanticizes former times of strife, in which humans abused and manipulated Mana to their own ends, and seeks to revive Amalgam, an abomination created from forcibly fusing many Mana together into one powerful, mad being, which occurred years ago and caused the ruin of Avenberry. Mull and Arlin know and hate each other deeply, and he still sometimes visits Zeldalia, mostly to gloat over his successes and make fun of Zeldalia's "weakness" of using alchemy to help others instead of for personal gain.

Mana
The main driving force behind the alchemy of the game are the Mana Spirits. Some Mana have the power to transform into new, even more powerful Mana forms. Below is a list of each Mana, and their element:

The Mana Spirit of Wood. He is with Klein, who named him Popo, at the start of the game. He also provides the player with tutorials on certain aspects of the game; these tutorials often contain comic relief segments with Klein.

The Mana Spirit of Fire. His special ability, Destruction Blast, allows the player to destroy certain objects on the screen.

The Mana Spirit of Darkness. Her special ability gathers nearby monsters for the player to battle, though it does not always work.

The Mana Spirit of Stone. His special ability allows him to act as a glorified stepladder so the player can reach places otherwise inaccessible...a fate he occasionally has been known to lament about.

The Mana Spirit of Water. Her special ability, Barrier, creates a barrier that allows the player to travel over hazards that would otherwise prove a hindrance, such as lightning and lava.

The Mana Spirit of Air. She also has the Barrier action, but some rumors point to her granting flight later in the game.

The Mana Spirit of Life. She is one of the oldest of the Mana Spirits, second only to the Mana Spirit of Creation, Lilith. She has the ability to heal the entire party at will, when the player calls on her.

The Mana Spirit of Light. Her special ability drives away monsters for a limited time.

The Mana Spirit of Time. He is often seen with Arlin.

The Mana Spirit of Power, and final form of Uru.

The Mana Spirit of Evil, and final form of Plua.

The Mana Spirit of Spirit, and final form of Nymph.

The Mana Spirit of Lightning, and final form of Silwest.

The Holy Mana Spirit, and final form of Eital.

Gameplay

Battle system
The battle system in Atelier Iris is turn-based. Combat is tactical in that the party members can have their positions arranged in their half of the playing field before battle, and can be knocked back by some attacks. Each participant in the battle chooses an action from the ring of commands available. All characters can use actions such as Attack, Skill and Items but Klein, as the only alchemist of the party, can use Mana Items and Mana Synthesis (which duplicates the effects of Mana Items, at the expense of MP.) Once enemies are defeated the party gains experience, gold and possibly items. Every time a character levels up, he gains 3 points to be added to the skills of the player's choice. Characters equipped with Mana spirits gain bonus skill points.

Synthesis
As an alchemy-based game, Atelier Iris features several forms of item synthesis:
Mana Items are created by Klein using elements extracted from objects and creatures. The extraction process destroys the target, and can thus be used in combat or to destroy obstacles. To create lasting Items, Klein requires the help of the Manas, whose health is spent in the process.
Normal Items are synthesized by shop owners if the characters bring them the right items. These include both healing items (often in the form of food items) and pieces of equipment.
Weapon Synthesis involves creating "mana crystals" by combining Mana stones found through the game. Each crystal can have up to three abilities, and can be inserted (or removed later) on certain pieces of equipment.

Exploration
Atelier Iris is notable for having several in-game actions that help in exploring the game's world, including unusual ones such as flying, changing into a rabbit, using a Mana as a footstool, or healing the whole party. These actions are gained each time a new Mana joins the party.

Music
The soundtrack was composed by Akira Tsuchiya, Ken Nakagawa & Daisuke Achiwa and was released May 19, 2004 in Japan by TEAM Entertainment.

Opening Song
 白夜幻想譚 (Byakuya Gensoutan / White Night Illusion) by Haruka Shimotsuki

Ending Songs
 歩む道 (Ayumu Michi / Walking Path) by Mami Horie (Normal Ending)
 silent rhyme by Mami Horie (True Ending)

Reception

Atelier Iris: Eternal Mana received mixed reviews. It received an aggregated score of 77.74% on GameRankings based on 49 reviews and 74/100 on Metacritic based on 38 reviews.

Notes

References

External links
  at Gust
  at NIS America

2004 video games
Gust Corporation games
Japanese role-playing video games
Koei games
Nippon Ichi Software games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
THQ games
I
Video games developed in Japan

Atelier Iris: Eternal Mana


Eryngium campestre, known as field eryngo, or Watling Street thistle, is a species of Eryngium, which is used medicinally.  A member of the family Apiaceae, eryngo is a hairless, thorny perennial plant. The leaves are tough and stiff, whitish-green.  The basal leaves are long-stalked, pinnate and spiny. The leaves of this plant are mined by the gall fly, Euleia heraclei.

Description
Eryngium campestre is a stiff, hairless, prickly perennial plant. It resembles the better known sea holly (Eryngium maritimum), but is taller and less robust, and the stem and leaves are paler and not bluish-green. The palmate leaves have more slender lobes which are tipped with spines, and the bracts below the flower heads are slender. The stems are thinner, the branches are longer and the globular flower heads are white and much smaller than the sea holly. This plant flowers between July and September.

Distribution and habitat
Eryngium campestre has a mainly Central and Southern Europe distribution, north to Germany and Holland. It is common in many places but in Germany it is restricted to dry habitats near the Rivers Rhine and Elbe. It is very uncommon in dry grassland on neutral or calcareous soils in the southeast of the British Isles, having first been recorded in 1662 by the naturalist John Ray in Devon. It has statutory protection in Somerset and Devon and is persisting in several sites there, but elsewhere it is mostly a short-lived casual of waste ground, road verges and rough pastures.

Uses
Used in herbalism as an infusion to treat coughs, whooping cough and urinary infections. Roots were formerly candied as sweets or boiled and roasted as a vegetable.  The plants active constituents are essential oils, saponins, tannins.

References

External links

USDA Plants: Eryngium campestre
Plant Profile of the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland: Eryngium campestre
 Distribution Map of Eryngium campestre in continental France (Telebotanica)

campestre
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Lebanon

Eryngium campestre


Wacław Lipiński (1896–1949) was a Polish historian, military officer and resistance fighter, lieutenant colonel in the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, recipient of Polish highest military decoration, the Order of Virtuti Militari.

Lipiński fought in World War I, the Polish-Ukrainian War and the Polish-Soviet War and became involved with the intelligence service. After the war, he worked as a historian. Lipiński retired from the army 9 months before the joint German-Soviet invasions of Poland. He was attached to the propaganda department during the siege of Warsaw, escaping with his family when the city fell.

In 1942 he returned to Poland as a resistance leader and was arrested by the Nazis in 1944. After the Russians overran Poland he led the anti-Soviet resistance. Arrested by the communists in 1947 he died in prison 2 years later.

World War I

Born on 28 September 1896 in Łódź, Lipiński was involved in the scouting movement from 1911 and joined the paramilitary Polish Rifle Squads in 1912. He was a member of the Polish Legions in World War I, where he fought in the battles of Łowczówek, Konary and battle of Kostiuchnówk. He then joined the precursor of the Polish intelligence service, the Polish Military Organisation. In 1918 he joined the regular Polish Army and fought in the battle of Lwów of the Polish-Ukrainian War and then in the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921), taking part in the Vilna offensive.

Inter-war years

In 1927 he was promoted to major and joined the newly founded Military Bureau of History (Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne). In 1932 he become chief editor of the  Niepodległość (Independence) publication of the Józef Piłsudski Institute for Research in Modern History of Poland, and in 1936 director of the institute. From 1937 he lectured on the modern history of Poland at the University of Lwów.

Invasions

Promoted to lieutenant colonel he retired in January 1939. After the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939, he was first attached to the Bureau of Propaganda at the Polish headquarters, and then to the Propaganda Department in Warsaw, during the siege of Warsaw. He was one of the top Polish commanders during that siege, working closely with Walerian Czuma and Stefan Starzyński and . He issued daily radio speeches to the citizens of Warsaw. After the capitulation of the capital, he secured the rich collection of the Piłsudski Institute, transferring them to the Belweder Museum. Avoiding arrest after the Germans captured Warsaw, he and his family escaped first to Zakopane, and in 1940 to Hungary.

Resistance activities
Due to conflict between former followers of Józef Piłsudski (such as Lipiński) and followers of Władysław Sikorski, he was unable to join the Polish Army in the West. Instead, he became active in the Polish resistance. In 1942 he returned to occupied Poland, founding the Konwent Organizacji Niepodległościowych.

In 1944 he was arrested by the Nazis. After German forces were pushed back by the Soviets, he joined the anti-Soviet resistance. He founded the Stronnictwo Niezawisłości Narodowej and Komitet Porozumiewawczy Organizacji Demokratycznych Polski Podziemnej anti-communist movements. He was arrested by the communist secret police (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa) on 7 January 1947. Sentenced to death in a staged trial in 1948, the sentence was changed to a life sentence. He died in Wronki prison on 4 April 1949.

Awards
Virtuti Militari, Silver Cross
Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (posthumously, 2010; previously Knight's Cross)
Cross of Independence
Cross of Valour - twice

Works
Bajończycy i armja polska we Francji (Bayonians and the Polish army in France) (1929)
Polityka zagraniczna Piłsudskiego i Becka (Foreign policy of Piłsudski and Beck) (1943)
Walka zbrojna o niepodległość Polski w latach 1905-1918 (The armed struggle for the independence of Poland in 1905–1918) (1931)
Wśród lwowskich orląt (Among Lwów eaglets)
Dziennik: wrześniowa obrona Warszawy 1939 r. (Diary: September defense of Warsaw of 1939) (1989)
Wielki Marszalek (The Great Marshal)

See also
List of Poles

References

Further reading
"Zeszyty Historyczne WiN-u", nr 15: 2001, MATERIAŁY DO "SŁOWNIKA BIOGRAFICZNEGO UCZESTNIKÓW WALK Z KOMUNIZMEM" (Biogramy): LIPIŃSKI Wacław,= opracował Marek Gałęzowsk, p. 265-272
Marek Gałęzowski, Wzór piłsudczyka. Wacław Lipiński 1896–1949. Żołnierz, historyk, działacz polityczny', (doktorat, 2003), NERITON Wydawnictwo, 2001,
Komorowski K. Sawicka I., Wacław Lipiński Żołnierz i historyk'', Adiutor Oficyna Wydawnicza, 1999,

1896 births
1949 deaths
Military personnel from Łódź
Prisoners who died in Polish People's Republic detention
Polish Army officers
20th-century Polish historians
Polish male non-fiction writers
Polish Rifle Squads members
Polish Military Organisation members
Polish people who died in prison custody
Polish resistance members of World War II
Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
Recipients of the Cross of Independence
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Polish people of the Polish–Ukrainian War

Wacław Lipiński


Caminhos do Coração () is a Brazilian telenovela aired on Rede Record. Created by Tiago Santiago and directed by Alexandre Avancini, it was replaced by a spin-off called Os Mutantes: Caminhos do Coração, airing since June 3, 2008.

Plot
The plot develops around Maria Luz who is accused of killing Dr. Socrates Mayer, owner of one of the largest private clinics in the country, Progênese. Dr. Júlia, an affiliated physician of Progênese created genetically modified human beings, mutants with superpowers. Júlia has always maintained a secret laboratory on the fictional island of Arraial, where she performs the experiments that originated the mutants. She is helped by Gór, who has the power of hypnosis, and the superintelligent child Eugênio.

Maria Luz has lived in the circus of Don Peppe with her parents Ana Luz and Pepe all of her life. She is the main attraction of the circus where she was raised and met first love interest Fernando. Maria is also the best friend of Juanita, her sister-in-law. Maria falls out of love with Fernando when he gets involved with Esmeralda. After Maria discovers that she is an adopted child, she finds herself in a tight spot: the police find her lying near Socrates' dead body and accuse her of killing him. Maria then discovers that her real father is the person she is accused of killing. This was set up so that Maria could not inherit Socrates's large wealth.

The Mayer family belongs to São Paulo's traditional elite. It is composed of the brothers Sócrates, Aristóteles and Platão Mayer. Ari is widowed and has three mutant children: Toni, who can deviate from bullets and has over human strength, Rodrigo, who has hypnotic powers, and Danilo, who has super agility and marries Lucinha to hide his homosexuality from his father. Platão is married to Irma and has two daughters: Regina and Cléo, who are discovered to have the powers of survival and astral projection. The Mayer family is one of the shareholders of Progênese, together with Mauro Fontes and Josias Martinelli. Josias is married to Cassandra and is the father of Lucas, who reads thoughts, and Janete, who has the power of clairvoyance.

After her arrest, Maria is helped by federal police officer Marcelo Montenegro, with whom she falls in love. Marcelo had recently been widowed by the death of Mabel who was poisoned. The poisoned sweet that killed his wife was intended to be eaten by his mutant daughter Tatiana. By helping Maria to escape from the prison, Marcelo becomes a fugitive from the law and the couple go through several adventures to escape the unscrupulous commissioner Taveira, who feels an unanswered desire for Maria.

Platão and Josias are murdered when they discover who is responsible for Socrates', Dr. Walker's (an American researcher who discovered the truth about the mutants) and Mabel's deaths. Maria and Marcelo are seeking to discover who hired serial killer Eric Fulisy to commit all the crimes.

It is revealed in the last chapter that Júlia hired Fulisy. She also hired attorney César Rubicão to kidnap Maria, when she was still a baby, and leave her anywhere. He chooses to leave her at the circus. Thirty years later, Socrates reveals that he would leave his entire wealth to a foundation, shocking his family. Afraid that it would harm her experiments, Júlia hired Eric to kill him and put Maria on the crime scene because she knew that Socrates would leave Maria his fortune if they ever met each other again. She suspected that if Maria received his wealth, she would close Progênese and harm her experiences. Júlia then decided to eliminate all those who discovered or suspected that she was responsible for Socrates' death. She also hired Eric to kill Rosana and nurse Ruth among other failed killing attempts. Helga, former wife of Eric, who became a better person after leaving him, also suffered attacks, as did Tatiana, Marcelo and Maria.

The season ended with Rubicão revealing in court, via hologram, who was responsible for the crimes. In the following season, Os Mutantes: Caminhos do Coração, Júlia drank some of the youth serum that she produced and adopted the pseudonym of Juli Di Trevi.

Cast

Main cast

 Bianca Rinaldi - Maria Beatriz dos Santos Luz (Maria Mayer)
 Leonardo Vieira - Marcelo Duarte Montenegro (Gabriel Lage)
 Ítala Nandi - Dra. Júlia Zaccarias
 Gabriel Braga Nunes - Taveira (Sigismundo Taveira)
 Tuca Andrada - Eric Fusilly (Werewolf)
 Cássio Scapin - César Rubicão
 Julianne Trevisol - Górgona (Gór)
 Felipe Folgosi - Roberto Duarte Montenegro (Beto)
 André de Biase - Aristóteles Mayer (Ari)
 Patrycia Travassos - Irma Mayer
 Angelina Muniz - Cassandra Fontes Martinelli
 Giselle Policarpo - Cléo Mayer
 Liliana Castro - Janete Fontes Martinelli
 Jean Fercondini - Lucas Fontes Martinelli
 Paulo Nigro - Antônio Mayer (Toni)
 Ângelo Paes Leme - Rodrigo Mayer
 Cláudio Heinrich - Danilo Mayer
 Fernanda Nobre - Lúcia Rocha Mayer
 Natasha Haydt - Paola Riccete
 Jéssica Golcci - Alice Bandisnki
 Thaís Fersoza - Célia (Celinha)
 Mônica Carvalho - Amália Fortunato
 Daniel Aguiar - Vladmir (Vlado)
 Karen Junqueira - Fury
 Sacha Bali - Matheus Morpheus (Metamorfo)
 Preta Gil - Helga Silva da Silveira
 Lana Rodes - Esmeralda Nascimento Justo
 André Segatti - Ernesto Justo
 Rafaela Mandelli - Regina Mayer
 Taumaturgo Ferreira - Batista (Tarcísio Batista)
 Eduardo Lago - Luís Guilherme Batista Figueiredo (Guiga)
 Andréa Avancini - Érica Figueira
 Pedro Malta - Eugênio Menezes Figueiredo
 Maurício Ribeiro - Cristiano Pena (Cris)
 Ana Paula Moraes - Marli da Silva
 Fafá de Belém - Ana Gabriela dos Santos Luz
 Perfeito Fortuna - Pepe Luz
 Fernando Pavão - Noel Machado (Noé)
 Guilherme Trajano - Dino Malafatti
 Anna Markun – Juanita Biavatti (Snake Woman)
 Théo Becker - Fernando Biavatti (Big Snake)
 Natália Guimarães - Ariadne
 Allan Souza Lima - Meduso
 Maria Carolina Ribeiro - Silvana Madiano
 Louise D'Tuani - Ísis
 Andressa Oliveira - Raquel Lins
 Helder Agostini - Demétrio
 Bruno Miguel – Lúpi / Lobo
 Patrícia de Jesus - Perpétua Salvador
 Suyane Moreira - Iara
 André Mattos -  Pachola (Paulo Pachola)
 Helena Xavier - Simone dos Santos
 Sebastião Vasconcellos - Mauro Fonte
 José Dumont - Teófilo Magalhães
 Juliana Xavier - Ágatha Magalhães
 Sérgio Malheiros - Aquiles Magalhães
 Rômulo Estrela - Draco
 Rômulo Arantes Neto - Telê
 Diego Christo - Hélio Bezerra
 Rocco Pitanga - Carvalho (Armando Carvalho)
 Marina Miranda - Marisa Gama
 Marcos Suhre - Ice Man
 Juliana Martins - Marlene França
 João Paulo Silvino - Lion
 Joaquim de Castro - Adolfo
 Ricardo Macchi - Goliath
 Daniel Marinho - Capeletti
 Fábio Nascimento – Minotauro
 Carolina Chalita - Marialva
 Márcio Libar - Vagabond

Children and teenagers
 Letícia Medina - Tatiana Montenegro (Tati)
 Sérgio Malheiros - Aquiles Magalhães
 Juliana Xavier - Ágata Magalhães
 Pedro Malta - Eugênio Figueira (Small Genius)
 Shaila Arsene - Clara Figueira (Clarinha / Lighting)
 Júlia Maggessi - Ângela Figueira (Small Angel)
 Cássio Ramos - Valfredo Pachola (Vavá / Wolfboy)

Guest stars

 Eduardo Munniz - Policial
 Walmor Chagas - Dr. Sócrates Mayer
 Lance Henriksen - Dr. Christopher Walker
 Ricardo Petraglia - Platão Mayer
 Paulo Gorgulho - Josias Martinelli
 Alexandre Barillari - Ramon Fusilly
 Nanda Ziegler - Bianca Fischer
 Amandha Lee - Felina
 Ana Rosa - Dalva Duarte Montenegro
 Regina Maria Dourado - Altina Pachola
 Ronnie Marruda - Pedreira (Micael Pedreira)
 Lígia Fagundes - Leonor Batista
 Maria Ceiça - Rosana Magalhães
 Adriana Quadros - Teresa Rocha
 Tammy Luciano - Ivoredo Cavalcanti
 Babi Xavier - Júli D'Trevi
 Myriam Pérsia - Mariana Mayer
 Toni Garrido - Gustavo Gama (Gúdi)
 Gabriela Moreyra - Graziela Machado (Grazi)
 Déo Garcez - Benedito Gama (Bené)
 Karina Bacchi - Glória
 Maria Cláudia - Ruth
 Raquel Nunes - Keila Nunes
 Sabrina Greve - Mabel Montenegro
 Mário Cardoso - Bento nete
 Bianca Joy Porte - Valéria
 Augusto Vargas - Cassiano Dias
 Raymundo de Souza - Figueroa (Juan Figueroa / Pablo Figueroa)
 Carlos Thiré - Jean Pierre
 Françoise Forton - Juíza
 Daniel Andrade - Zé Doido
 Java Mayam - Joca
 Paloma Bernardi - Luna
 José Loreto - Scorpio
 Jorge Pontual - Felipe Matoso
 Ana Carbatti - Dr. Beatriz
 Cíntia Moneratt - Edite
 Maria Sílvia - Magda
 Úrsula Corona - Alícia
 Gabriel Macri - Pedro
 Luiz Nicolau - Pé-de-Cabra
 Luciano Leme - Marino
 Amélia Soares - Maria Butina
 Rô Sant'Anna - Machadona (Ruthinéia)
 Maria Cristina Gatti - Corôa
 Kako Nolasko - Falcone
 Anderson Bruno - Zé Sinistro
 Thiago Luciano - civil policeman
 Márcio Rosário - taxi driver in Miami

Audience
On February 6, 2008, Caminhos do Coração became the first Rede Record telenovela to achieve the first place on the São Paulo TV rank. On that day, it was watched by around 1,2 million households (approximately 5 million people) in the city. A soccer match between Corinthians and Barueri aired by Rede Globo during the same timeslot was watched by 1,1 million households (around 4,4 million people). In its peak, the telenovela was watched by 1,5 million households (near 6 million people).

The last chapter of Caminhos do Coração achieved an audience of more than 5 million people in São Paulo. It was the highest audience for a Record telenovela since the last chapter of controversial Vidas Opostas. This high rate made A Favorita achieve the worst telenovela debut in Globo's history.

Mutations

Soundtrack
 "Sabe Você" - Toni Garrido (opening theme)
 "Maria, Maria" - Roupa Nova (theme of Maria)
 "Grande Amor" - Fafá de Belém (theme of Maria and Marcelo)
 "Raça" - Fafá de Belém and Milton Nascimento (theme of Esmeralda and Ernesto)
 "Caçador de mim" - 14 Bis (general theme)
 "Mutante" - Preta Gil (theme of Helga)
 "A vida é minha" - Capital Inicial (theme of Irma and Aristoteles)
 "Zigue Zague" - Jair Rodrigues featuring Jair Oliveira and Simoninha (theme of Batista)
 "Procurando a Estrela" - Zé Ramalho and Daniela Mercury (theme of Teófilo and the Well-Doing League)
 "The Game of the Life" - Scorpions (theme of Eric and the Evil-Doing League)
 "Baby" - Tim Maia (theme of Lúcia and Danilo)
 "Sonho de Ícaro" - Byafra (theme of the children)
 "Robocop Gay" - Mamonas Assassinas (theme of Danilo)
 "Sexo" - Oswaldo Montenegro (general theme)
 "Cais" - Milton Nascimento (theme of Teófilo)
 "Samba de uma Noite Só" - Fernando Cavallieri (theme of Rodrigo, Amália and Célia)

References

External links
 Official website
 Interview with creator Tiago Santiago

2007 telenovelas
2007 Brazilian television series debuts
2008 Brazilian television series endings
RecordTV telenovelas
Brazilian science fiction television series
Television shows set in São Paulo
Medical telenovelas
Portuguese-language telenovelas
Minotaur
Television series about shapeshifting
Television series about mutants

Caminhos do Coração


Yaoshang (originally, "Yaawol Shang") is a spring time festival celebrated by the Meitei ethnicity for five consecutive days starting from the full moon day of the lunar month of "Lamta" of the Meitei calendar (Manipuri calendar). Historically, it was a religious festival but in present days, it has lost its religious tones during celebration. It is the most important and the most popular festival in Manipur as well as among the Meitei ethnicity. Imitating the ways of Holi, people use colors to smear or spray among each other during the celebration.

References

Meitei festivals

Yaoshang


Yves-Marie Adeline Soret de Boisbrunet (born March 24, 1960 in Poitiers, France) better known as Yves-Marie Adeline, is a French Catholic writer. He also was the founder and leader of the French political party, Alliance Royale.

Life
He is the father of eight.
He taught at the University of Poitiers from 1986 till 1989, then left the university and alternated between writing books and collaboration in political office. He teaches today once more history of political ideas in various centers of higher education.

Philosophy
His philosophic work concerns three areas of research: in general philosophy, in aesthetics and in politics.
In his book Le Carré des philosophes (the square of philosophers), he builds a " philosophic square " sides of which are four propositions: Science, Existence, Presence, and Will. The proposition "Existence" is original: Adeline distinguishes the being of the existence itself ; according to him, existence is a dimension of the being. So we can say : the time exists, or a body exists, but a soul does not exist, it "is" only, it is without existing, without existence. The presence in the man of a power recovering from the being but not from the existence shows itself by the Will. Adeline wants it to be the criterion of distinction between the man and quite other creature. Adeline considers the will as typically human, rather than the consciousness, of which he considers that it is a little sure concept in philosophy.
The will is on the contrary the demonstration of a being in the man, this nonexistent being which shows that a man is not only an object of existence.

Yves - Marie Adeline's aesthetic works update the doctrine of Empedocles according to whom " only the same knows the same ", but also the aristotelian finalism, according to which the best expert of a saddle is not the craftsman, but the rider. In his book "La Musique et le monde" (music and world),he fights against the official doctrine of the so-called "contemporary music", asserting that this music has been conceived on an exclusively theoretical vision. In "L'Appel des sirènes" (the appeal of sirens), Adeline develops his thought and widens it to the plastic arts.

In "Le Pouvoir légitime" (the justifiable power), preferring good institutions to good leaders, he recommends " an abdication of each of us for the benefit of a common and wholesome principle ", and concludes that a modern monarchy is the best regime. Opponent of the maurrassism, or any other nationalism, he prefers Bonald, and advances the mixed regime (monarchy - aristocracy - democracy).

Yves-Marie Adeline is also a poet : L'Epouse (the wife); Le Manteau d'étoiles (the coat of stars); Radieuse hostie (radiant host) ; Les Angéliques (angelica).

He has been the president of Alliance Royale, the French royalist party. Candidate with the European elections in 2004, then candidate with presidential election in 2007, he did not obtain the 500 votes of the mayors. With the municipal elections of March 2008 in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, he got 0.96%. He has since resigned the political militancy.

Works
 L'Aube royale (Sicre 1991)
 La Musique et le monde (Téqui 1994)
 Le Roi et le monde moderne (C&T 1995)
 Le Carré des philosophes (Trédaniel 1995)
 La Droite piégée (C&T 1996)
 Le Pouvoir légitime (C&T 1997)
 La Droite où l'on n'arrive jamais (Sicre 2000)
 Le Royalisme en questions (Editions de Paris / L'Age d'Homme 2002)
 Les Amours dangereuses, poèmes (Editions Jean d'Orcival 1994)
 La Main offerte, poèmes (Editions Jean d'Orcival 1994)
 L'Epouse, poèmes (Sicre 2002)
 Le Manteau d'étoiles, poèmes (Editions de Paris 2002)
 Radieuse Hostie, poèmes (Editions de Paris 2004)
 L'Appel des sirènes (Editions de Paris 200
 Marie-Antoinette, Drame en cinq actes, Editions de Paris, 2005 (). [présentation en ligne]
 Histoire mondiale des idées politiques (Ellipses 2007)
 Les Angéliques, poèmes, Via Romana, 2008 ()
 La Pensée antique, Ellipses, 2008

References

External links
Author's blog
" Yves-Marie Adeline On Video" February 18, 2007

1960 births
Living people
Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
French monarchists
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
Catholic philosophers
French Roman Catholic writers
20th-century French writers
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French writers
Academic staff of the University of Poitiers
21st-century French male writers

Yves-Marie Adeline


Gordon Hannington Luce was a colonial scholar in Burma. He was born on 20 January 1889 and died on 3 May 1979. His outstanding library containing books, manuscripts, maps and photographs – The Luce Collection – was acquired by the National Library of Australia in 1980, as part of its major research collections on Asia.

Biography
Luce was the twelfth of thirteen children of the Rev. John James Luce, Vicar of St Nicholas's, Gloucester. He was educated at Dean Close School, Cheltenham, from where he gained a classical scholarship to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and in 1911, obtained a first class degree in Classics. During his Cambridge years he was a member of the Cambridge Apostles and his circle of friends included Arthur Waley, giving him admission to the friendship of such contemporaries as Rupert Brooke, Aldous Huxley, and John Maynard Keynes and other members of the Bloomsbury Group.

In 1912 Luce was appointed Lecturer in English Literature at Government College, Rangoon, later a constituent college of the University of Rangoon. There he developed a lasting friendship with the young Pali scholar Pe Maung Tin. In 1915, he married Pe Maung Tin's sister Ma Tee Tee.

Luce's studies of Burmese culture resulted in articles contributed to the Journal of the Burma Research Society. He was a prolific author throughout his life and wrote books and articles on a wide variety of subjects relating particularly to Burma's history and languages such as Chinese Invasions of Burma in the 18th Century, Inscriptions of Burma, The Economic Life of the Early Burman, and An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Karen Languages. His three volume Old Burma: early Pagan, covers the history, art and architecture of Burma and its capital city Pagan in the 11th and 12th centuries. Phases of Pre-Pagan Burma, on the earlier history of Burma, appeared posthumously. His writings remain authoritative today and are widely cited.

During the Japanese invasion in 1942 Luce and his wife escaped into India. He returned to Rangoon after the war and remained there until 1964, when, like other foreigners, he was forced to leave the country. His final fifteen years were spent on Jersey. The high esteem in which he was held by Burmese and Western scholars is reflected in the publication of the two-volume work, Essays to G. H. Luce by his colleagues and friends in honour of his seventy-fifth birthday, which appeared in 1966.

The Luce Collection
The Luce manuscripts cover a wide variety of materials. They are stored at the National Library of Australia in 32 boxes and 22 folios. A broad listing is available. Ten boxes contain general correspondence. There are over two thousand books in the Luce Collection. While the main focus is on Burma, the collection contains materials on the history, languages and cultures of Southeast Asia. All titles have been catalogued onto the NLA's Australian National Bibliographic Database.

The Buddhist Digital Resource Center hosts online an additional set of unpublished notebooks and portfolio's of Luce, which include his transcriptions of Burmese inscriptions. The originals are held at SOAS University of London.

Siam Society collection
The Siam Society under Royal Protection in conjunction with the Siamese Heritage Protection Program has made the Journal of the Siam Society (JSS) in PDF format available to all; the collection includes these by Luce, Gordon H.
 JSS Vol. 46.2b (1958) The Early Syam in Burma's History
 JSS Vol. 47.1c (1959) The Early Syam in Burma's History Supplement
 JSS Vol. 53.1c (1965) Dvaravati and Old Burma
 JSS Vol. 53.2c (1965) Rice and Religion

References

Further reading
Andrew Gosling, "Burma and Beyond: The Luce Collection at the National Library of Australia" at National Library of Australia News, 6 (13), October 1996, pp 3-5.
D. G. E. Hall, "Obituary: Gordon Hannington Luce", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 43, No. 3 (1980), pp. 581-588.
Luce, George (1985). Phases of Pre-Pagan Burma (2 volumes). Oxford University Press.

External links
Gordon Luce Mon-Khmer & Sino-Tibetan Papers at the SEAlang Library

English orientalists
History of Myanmar
1889 births
1979 deaths
People educated at Dean Close School
Burmese studies scholars
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Academic staff of the University of Yangon
Linguists of Burmese

Gordon Luce


Olev Siinmaa (November 12, 1881 – March 29, 1948), was an Estonian architect who is perhaps best recalled for his work in the style coined "Pärnu Resort Functionalism".

Olev Siinmaa was born Oskar Siimann in Pärnu into a joinery shop owner's family. He studied interior and furniture design in Wismar and Konstanz technical schools in Germany. In 1925, he was appointed the architect of the city of Pärnu, Estonia.

Siinmaa's first Functionalist design was in 1930 on Roosikrantsi Street in the Estonian capital of Tallinn. Siinmaa is possibly best recalled as the architect (along with Anton Soans) of the Pärnu Beach Hotel, constructed between 1935 and 1937.

Completed in 1937, the hotel has been described as the "flagship of the new functionalist architecture." In 1938, Siinmaa, along with architect Alar Kotli competed to design the Presidential Palace, which was to be the Building of the Office of the then President of Estonia, Konstantin Päts. Kotli designed the ceremonial spaces of the office building, while the President's Big Office was designed by Siinmaa.

In 1944, Siinmaa emigrated to Norrköping, Sweden where he died in 1948.

In 1994, after several years in disrepair, the Pärnu Beach Hotel was bought by Scandic Hotels, renovated and renamed the Scandic Rannahotell. In 2016, another renovation was completed.

References

1881 births
1948 deaths
People from Pärnu
People from Kreis Pernau
Estonian architects
Estonian World War II refugees
Estonian emigrants to Sweden

Olev Siinmaa


Stewart Kohl (born c. 1955) is an American businessman. He is the co-chief executive officer (CEO) of The Riverside Company, a global private equity firm with $14+ billion in assets under management.

Early life and education

Stewart Kohl was born and raised in Leonia, New Jersey. His father Bertram Kohl was a manufacturer's representative and his mother, Judith Kohl, was a legal secretary who later became chief of staff for a state senator. Kohl studied economics and government at Oberlin College, graduating in 1977. At Oberlin College, he was the President of the Oberlin Student Cooperative Association.

Career
Kohl is the co-chief executive officer and managing partner of The Riverside Company, a private equity investment firm based in Cleveland, Ohio and New York, New York. Kohl joined The Riverside Company as Co-CEO with Co-CEO Béla Szigethy in 1993. Prior to joining The Riverside Company, Kohl was a vice president at Citicorp Venture Capital, the private equity arm of Citibank. Before joining Citicorp Venture Capital, Kohl was chief operating officer for National Cooperative Business Association in Washington, D.C.

Awards and honors
Kohl was inducted into the Ohio Foundation of Independent Colleges Hall of Excellence in 2009.  Kohl and Szigethy won Mergers & Acquisitions' M&A Mid-Market Award for Dealmakers of the Year in 2013.  He was inducted into the Northeast Ohio Business Hall of Fame in 2014. Kohl earned the Harvard Business School Club of Northeastern Ohio George S. Dively Entrepreneurship Award in 2018.

Philanthropy
Kohl has served on Cleveland Clinic's Board of Directors since 2013, currently serving on the Philanthropy Committee as Vice Chair. Kohl is an Honorary Trustee of Oberlin College and Co-Chair of the Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland.

Kohl is a founder of VeloSano, an annual charity cycling event that has raised more than $21 million for research at the Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute since 2014.

References

Other websites
The Riverside Company (company website)

Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland
American chief executives
American Jews
1955 births
Philanthropists from Ohio

Stewart Kohl


Craugastor laevissimus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in Honduras and Nicaragua. Its natural habitats are lowland and sub-montane wet and moist forests; it can survive in degraded forest and secondary growth. It occurs along streams and small rivers.

Craugastor laevissimus was previously a common frog but has then declined. The reasons for the decline are not fully understood; habitat loss, chytridiomycosis, and pollution are among the possible causes of decline.

References

laevissimus
Frogs of North America
Endangered fauna of North America
Amphibians of Honduras
Amphibians of Nicaragua
Amphibians described in 1896
Taxa named by Franz Werner
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot

Craugastor laevissimus


Alexandre "Sacha" Horowitz (24 March 1904 – 1982) was a Belgian-born Dutch mechanical engineer and inventor.

Alexandre "Sacha" Horowitz was born in 1904 in Antwerp, (Belgium) to parents of East-European Jewish heritage, and lived from 1914 in The Netherlands until his death in 1982. He has 136 patents awarded to his name over a period of 50 years, covering a wide variety of products including prefab housing, farm machinery (e.g. Vicon, see below) and oil industry equipment. His most well-known invention, however, is the Philishave rotary electric razor.

From 1958 to 1974, he was the first professor of product design and Production engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology. In 1980, Horowitz was elected Honorary Member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He died in 1982 in Switzerland.

References

Hans Schippers, Vader van de Philishave, Dutch periodical De Ingenieur nr. 3–16 February 2000, p. 49

External links

Philishave collectors Club, see history
Picture of a Vicon rotary plough
Horowitz, Alexandre (Sacha) 1904 - 1982 at the Database Joods Biografisch Woordenboek

1904 births
1982 deaths
20th-century Dutch inventors
Dutch Jews
Dutch mechanical engineers
Dutch electrical engineers
Delft University of Technology alumni
Philips employees
Academic staff of the Eindhoven University of Technology
Engineers from Antwerp
20th-century Dutch engineers
Belgian emigrants to the Netherlands

Alexandre Horowitz


Think Big! was a retail store originally established in New York City in 1979. It was closed in 1994.

History

The store was a joint endeavor by two friends, an artist Phyllis Prinz and a business man Robert Malkin.  The two, who had an affinity for collecting oversized antique display pieces, opened their store against the advice of friends and experts. The product line started with a small offering consisting of giant 6 foot pencils and replicas of giant 5-foot Crayola crayons.

The entrepreneurs had great success and expanded into a nationwide catalog retail concept.  The Think Big! product line grew to offer over 100 different larger-than-life objects. With the added success of catalog sales many franchise locations began to open across the country as the pop art style caught on through the 1980s. The unique creations have been featured in many films including Forrest Gump and Big both starring Tom Hanks.

Think Big flourished in the 1980s, when the scaled-up aesthetic was popular. Other companies, such as Swatch, also created comically large versions of their wares. In the early 1990s the retailer was at its peak and was sold to the high-end art gallery firm Martin Lawrence Galleries. The gallery already had many retail locations and attracted the interest of pop art fans with their huge collection of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein artwork.  However, the Think Big franchise stores began to disappear, subject to high-rent retail locations and increased expense for catalog production.

By 1994, all retail locations of Think Big had been closed down by Martin Lawrence Galleries. The gallery's collection of Warhol art was diminishing and the economy took a downturn.  The gallery mailed out the last Think Big! catalog in 1994 and refocused on expanding its collection of high-end art to include a broader variety of printed artworks.

After about 5 years in hibernation, the Think Big product line was rejuvenated by the boom of the Internet and the determination of Jeff Bruette when he founded GreatBigStuff. GreatBigStuff is an online-only retailer of oversized versions of everyday objects. In 2001, Bruette located a former Martin Lawrence executive who owned all of the remaining Think Big inventory from 1994 and worked out a trade agreement - three of Bruette's personal Warhol's in exchange for all the remaining inventory. GreatBigStuff have since redesigned and resurrected many of the original Think Big Products.

Notes

Mail-order retailers

Think Big (store)


Lake Superior State University (colloquially Lake State, Soo Tech, and LSSU) is a public college in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. It enrolls approximately 2,000 students. Due to its proximity to the Canadian border, LSSU has many Canadian students and offers joint programs with Sault College and Algoma University in the twin city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada across the St. Marys River. In a sign of this close relationship with its international neighbor, LSSU flies both the Canadian and United States flags on its campus.

LSSU offers primarily bachelor's and associate degrees, but also offers certificates. LSSU has regional centers in northern Michigan in the cities of Gaylord, Escanaba, Petoskey and St. Helen. It also has a center in southeast Michigan in the city of Dearborn. It is one of three Michigan public colleges or universities that is also a community college.

History

The area that makes up the campus of Lake Superior State University served as Fort Brady from 1894 to 1944; it is listed as "New Fort Brady" on the National Register of Historic Places, as the earlier incarnation of the fort was downhill.

Lake Superior State University was established in 1946 to address the needs of returning World War II veterans and to provide educational opportunities to the people of the Eastern Upper Peninsula. The  campus includes several buildings which are listed in the National Register of Historic Places.

The institution was originally a branch of Michigan College of Mining & Technology, which is now known as Michigan Technological University. It opened in 1946 as the Sault Ste. Marie Residence Center of the Michigan College of Mining & Technology, which was commonly shortened to Soo Tech. The original class consisted of 272 students. The institution was later renamed Lake Superior State College of Michigan Technological University in 1966. The college received autonomy from Michigan Tech in 1970 and was known as Lake Superior State College until 1987, when the institution was granted university status.

The institution's college radio station is WLSO, and its student newspaper is The Compass.

Academics

Lake Superior State's most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
Criminal Justice/Law Enforcement Administration (46)
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse (34)
Fishing and Fisheries Sciences and Management (29)
Exercise Science and Kinesiology (20)
Business/Commerce (19)
Biology/Biological Sciences (17)

Major buildings

Administration Building The Administration Building houses the offices of the President and Provost, as well as human resources, purchasing, and public safety.

Arts Center The arts center is a $15 million facility which opened in 2005. The arts center houses a 674-seat auditorium, art, music and dance studios, classrooms and faculty offices. The Arts Center Gallery has a permanent display from the L. F. Noyes Collection of Native American and Western Art.

Brady Hall This building is currently being used as men's freshmen housing. The building is named after Colonel Hugh Brady. Col. Brady was the first commanding officer to serve at Fort Brady. Brady Hall was built as barracks for WACS or Women's Army Corps in 1938.

Brown Hall Built in the 1820s, this building served as the captain's quarters of Fort Brady. Brown Hall wasn't called by its present name until 1982 when it was named for the retired janitor, Edward J. Brown.  In the 1940s, the school as well as this building became a guide for veterans of WWII. Remodeling of this hall took place in 1946. In the 1960s, Brown Hall was converted into a counseling and career center that provided academic advising. It was originally led by Steve Youngs and was later taken on by John Truckey. It one served as the location of the School of Education, and the Fine Arts Program. It now houses the Integrated Marketing Department. Much of the known information about this building can be recovered from the LSSU KJS Library Special Collections room.

CASETThe Center for Applied Science and Engineering Technology is home to the School of Engineering and Technology, as well as the School of Mathematics and Computer Science. CASET also houses the LSSU Robotics Lab and the Product Development Center.

Cisler CenterThe Walker Cisler Student and Conference Center is the main food service and student life building on campus. Dining options include the Quarterdeck and Galley, which features the Grill 155 and a convenience store. It is also home to the Office of Campus Life and Housing, and hosts the Peacock Cove Coffee House, Student Government offices, Student Organization Center, the school newspaper (The Compass), and the University radio station (WLSO).

Crawford HallThis building focuses on the many science degrees offered at the university, from nursing to biology and chemistry, to fisheries and wildlife. In 2000, a $23 million renovation and expansion was completed, providing modern laboratory, classroom, and faculty and student research space. Crawford Hall also houses the LSSU Superior Analytics Laboratory, Ben Long Planetarium, Kemp Mineral Museum, and Café a la Carte.

Fletcher Center Business Operations, Financial Aid, Registrar, and Scheduling can all be found in the former gymnasium for Fort Brady and later, the Soo Tech Hornets. It was named after LSSU benefactor, H. Thayer Fletcher

Norris CenterThis is the main building for recreation, and the School of Criminal Justice, Fire Science and Emergency Medical Services and the School of Recreation and Exercise Science. It is also the main building for the Athletic Department and includes the main office for the Athletic Director. Inside the building lies the Cooper Gym, home of the Laker basketball and volleyball teams; Taffy Abel Arena, home of the Laker hockey team; and the Student Activity Center (SAC), which hosts tennis, track, a weights area and climbing wall. The university has announced a renovation effort to several athletic Norris Center facilities.

Shouldice LibraryThe Kenneth J. Shouldice Library facility houses offices for Social Sciences, Business, English and Communications, and two lecture halls. The main level includes the main circulation desk and audio visual, and the Testing Center. It also offers a student computer lab, interactive TV rooms and the Shouldice Gallery. The lower level is home to the Learning Center, Career Services, and academic supportive services.  The second floor has a special collections room with five special collections including the Oschner Collection, and a group of Native American, Mayan, European, and African American artifacts and books.

R.W. Considine HallFormerly, South Hall, R.W. Considine Hall is the newest capital project at LSSU. It was formally dedicated April 21, 2017 and houses LSSU's Lukenda School of Business providing state-of the art facilities for all campus programs. A three-year, $13.5 million project took the existing 32,000 sq. ft. South Hall and added another 12,000 sq. feet to provide an interactive commons with an expanded cafe, new program and conference rooms, faculty offices and support spaces, a securities trading lab, the Frenchie LaJoie Board Room, and a Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation that will serve the twin Sault Communities on both sides of the U.S. and Canadian border.

The LSSU Foundation Office raised $3.6 million in its capital campaign for the project ($600,000 more than expected). The State of Michigan provided $9 million. The building's namesake - Robert W. Considine - partnered with LSSU's Foundation Office in 2014 to push the project over its funding goal by matching gifts up to $450,000.

South Hall

Built in 1903, South Hall was originally built to house Fort Brady's infantry soldiers. The infantry barracks were originally composed of twin buildings. South Hall's twin stood approximately 80 feet to the west of South Hall, and was known as the Forestry Building. The two buildings were connected by a third building, which was a one-floor 80 ft by 40 ft wooden structure consisting of an outer shell with a hard wood floor. The building was referred to as the "drill floor". ROTC cadets practiced marching in the building during inclement weather; otherwise, drills took place outside on the parade grounds, which is where the Kenneth Shouldice Library now stands.
The Forestry building was destroyed by fire in the early 1960s. The drill floor building was not damaged but was razed during the demolition of the Forestry Building. The floor itself was scavenged and sold. Prior to this time, South Hall was always referred to as the Library although the library only took up a portion of the building. The Campus Book Store used two floors before moving to the renovated Canusa Hall, which saw dining services move to the Cisler Center.

Admissions

LSSU is considered "selective" by U.S. News & World Report. For the Class of 2025 (enrolling Fall 2021), LSSU received 2,309 applications and accepted 1,680 (72.8%), with 324 enrolling. The middle 50% range of SAT scores for enrolling freshmen was 963-1178. The middle 50% ACT composite score range was 19-27.

Notable facilities
Aquatic Research LaboratoryThe LSSU ARL is an off campus research and educational facility in the east end of the Cloverland Electric Coop hydroelectric plant. The ARL houses the University's fish hatchery, and conducts research on fisheries and aquatic ecology in the region. Since 1984 the Aquatic Research Laboratory has released 40,000 Atlantic salmon into the St.Mary's River.

Superior Analytics LaboratoryThe SAL is housed in the chemistry department at LSSU, and provides analytical services to LSSU researchers, government agencies, businesses, and private citizens. The SAL routinely conducts standard environmental testing, as well as trace level analysis of environmental contaminants such as pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, metals, and cyanotoxins. Revenues from the SAL assist the Chemistry Department in purchasing and maintaining state of the art analytical instrumentation, and provide students with employment opportunities and experience working in a professional lab.

Product Development Center The PDC provides a mechanism by which small businesses and entrepreneurs can access the expertise of the LSSU engineering faculty and students to produce low cost, functional prototypes. The PDC provides a range of services including rapid prototyping, component design and testing, machining, process optimization, statistical analysis, and documentation services.

Robotics Lab The LSSU Robotics Lab is a multimillion-dollar facility dedicated to student instruction in robotics and automation technology. Robotic workcells use FANUC, Stäubli, and Kuka industrial robots.

Simulation Center In the fall of 2018, through a collaboration with a community member of interest, the Lake Superior State University/War Memorial Hospital (LSSU/WMH) Simulation Center was created as a partnership and allowed the Simulation Center to be moved to an on-campus location. This center is housed in a newly renovated space in the Arts Center Building. With a little more than 4,000 sq. feet, the simulation center provides a wide range of simulated experiences for students using high-fidelity male, female, pediatric, and infant simulators. There are three designated patient care areas each with their own control and debriefing rooms. Each patient room consists of working infusion pumps, headwall units, patient monitors, and simulated electronic health records. There is a spacious medication/supply area with a simulated medication-dispensing unit. Because the simulation center provides learning experiences as part of the paramedic program, a simulated ambulance was purchased during the fall 2018 semester, which provides for an increased ability to coordinate and run Interprofessional simulation experiences.

Traditions
Lake Superior State University has a variety of traditions.

 Banished Words List: Each new year brings another installment of the school's "List of Words and Phrases Banished from the Queen's English for Mis-Use, Over-Use and General Uselessness". It has been published since New Year's Day 1976 and receives significant media coverage. Word-watchers pull nominations throughout the year from everyday speech, as well as from the news, fields of education, technology, advertising, politics, and more. A committee gathers the entries and chooses the best in December. The list is released on New Year's Day. Hoholik Victory Bell: The bell, outside the Norris Center and Taffy Abel Arena, is rung after each home victory. Fans gather around the bell as members of the hockey team make their way outside in the cold temperatures to ring the bell. This tradition was started after the bell was hung in the early 1980s. The original bell was replaced in 1992 after extensive damage from the 1992 NCAA Championship celebration.
 Ship's Horn: An authentic ship's horn is within the Taffy Abel Arena, where the Lakers play home hockey games. The horn is mounted high on the wall behind the goal a visiting team defends for two periods.  The powerful horn, operated on compressed air, blasts after each Laker goal and at the end of each home game.
 Snowman Burning: Each March, on or near the first day of Spring, students, alumni and townsfolk gather around a 10 to  snowman on campus and light it on fire. The snowman burning is derived from a German tradition in which the mayor of the town melts snowflakes to declare an end to winter. The snowmen are usually made out of recycled paper and wire. In 1992, the event was canceled due to protests from the Environmental Awareness Club, a student group at Lake Superior State University. This decision upset many people. Calls came in from all over the country. Radio stations, newspapers, citizens, alumni, and local people were all angry. A student poll was taken by The Compass (Lake State's campus newspaper) in the fall semester after the cancelled year of the snowman burning. Of 500 students polled, 450 voted to burn a snowman. After receiving so many complaints the tradition was reinstated the following year in 1993.
 Snowmobile Race: The city of Sault Ste. Marie puts on the annual I-500 snowmobile race held at a one-mile (1.6 km) oval behind the Norris Center on the campus of Lake State. The event draws a big crowd and is held the first Saturday of February.
 The Unicorn Hunters'' established the banished words list and snowman burning. They also put on stone-skipping tournaments and started a literary magazine. As their name suggests, they also searched for unicorns. Once an ABC News crew found their way to the campus and filmed students "questing for unicorns." "The Quest, of course, is the pursuit of the unicorn, and the unicorn is one's personal vision of perfection or happiness (McWhirter)."

Athletics

The school's official nickname is the Lakers, but in some instances the athletic teams are called the Soo Lakers in reference to the institution's hometown. Prior to becoming known as the Lakers, sports teams were known as the Hornets. The most prominent sport at LSSU is men's ice hockey, which is the school's only NCAA Division I program. The men's ice hockey team is a member of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association, being one of seven teams that left the Western Collegiate Hockey Association after the 2020–21 season to reestablish the CCHA. Other sports at LSSU play at a Division II level in the Great Lakes Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, of which LSSU is a charter member. At $1284 per student, in 2015 the student subsidy for athletics at LSSU was the highest among all Michigan's public universities (this compares to $14 at MSU and $6 at U-M).(24)

Notable alumni

Bates Battaglia, 1994–1997, professional hockey player
Rick Comley, college hockey coach
Chris Dahlquist, professional hockey player
Jim Dowd 1987–1991, professional hockey player
John Gallant, professional lacrosse player
John Grahame, 1994–1997, professional hockey player
Dan Keczmer, professional hockey player
Darrin Madeley, professional hockey player
Terry McDermott, Olympic speed skater
Eric Menk, 1992–1996, professional basketball player
Nathan Perkovich, professional hockey player
Steven Rinella 1995, author, travel writer, and outdoor television host
Brian Rolston, 1991–1993, professional hockey player
Steven Oleksy, 2006–2009, professional hockey player
Derek Smith, 2004–2007, professional hockey player
Rob Valicevic, 1991–1995, professional hockey player
Doug Weight, 1989–1991, professional hockey coach
Jim Wiley, 1968–72, professional hockey player

References

External links

 Lakers Athletics

Liberal arts colleges in Michigan
Public universities and colleges in Michigan
Education in Chippewa County, Michigan
Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Chippewa County, Michigan
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Chippewa County, Michigan
Universities and colleges established in 1946
1946 establishments in Michigan
Tourist attractions in Chippewa County, Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites in Chippewa County

Lake Superior State University


Hanna Polak (born 1967) is a Polish director, cinematographer and producer. For her short documentary film, The Children of Leningradsky, about a community of homeless children living in the Leningradsky railway station in Moscow, she was nominated for an Academy Award and an Emmy Award. In 2003, she was awarded Best Producer of Documentary Movies at the Kraków Film Festival for Railway Station Ballad.

Early life
She was born in 1967 in Katowice, Poland.

From 1987 to 1988 she worked as a stage performer in the Theatre of Entertainment, Chorzov. From 1989 to 1991 Polak studied acting and theatre at the Acting School in Wroclaw and Warsaw. She graduated with the master's degree from the Cinematography division of the Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), in Moscow.

Career

In 2004, Polak completed her documentary film, The Children of Leningradsky, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject). It also received the Best Documentary Achievement Award from the International Documentary Association and it was nominated for an Emmy Award in two categories:  Best Documentary and Outstanding Individual Achievement in a Craft: Editing. This film was also nominated to be a Notable Video by the Adult American Library Association, and it has received the Gracie Allen Award, given by the American Women in Radio & Television, amongst many other awards.

Polak's additional works include, Al - Tribute to Albert Maysles; Faces of Homelessness; Battle of Warsaw 1920 in 3D, and many others. She directed and produced Love and Rubbish, for the Why Poverty? series in 2012, which won A Corto di Donne Women's Short Film Festival.

In 2014, Polak has completed her documentary film Something Better To Come, which received the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) Special Jury Award, and won main prizes at several film festivals, including Filmfest München, Documentary Edge Festival, Docs Against Gravity, ArtDoc Fest in Moscow, Trieste Film Festival, EuroDok Film Festival, International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights, One World Film Festival and won other film festivals and awards. Polak's works as a producer, director, and cinematographer have appeared on major television networks worldwide including American HBO, ABC (American Broadcasting Company), Canal+, France 2, Fuji Television, ITN, TVP (Telewizja Polska), TVN (Poland), Belgian Radio and TV, and many other TV stations. Her films have been screened in hundreds film festivals around the world, including Sundance Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA), Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival, True/False Film Festival, and FIPA (Festival International de Programmes Audiovisuels).

In 2006, Polak's photography works won her third prize in the UNICEF International Photography Competition Photo of the Year. For her cinematography work for Stone Silence, shot in Afghanistan, she was awarded with the Artistic Mastery of Photographing award from the Kiev Film Festival. For her cinematography work for Something Better to Come, she was awarded with the Best Cinematography award from Gdańsk DocFilm Festival and with Canon Non Fiction Frame Special Mention from Docs Against Gravity film festival.

Polak has collaborated with different aid agencies to help unprivileged children. For her charitable efforts, Polak was awarded the prestigious Golden Heart Award, the "Award for serving the uppermost ideals of mankind" by NTV (Russia), and the Crystal Mirror award by the Mirror magazine in Poland, an award that recognizes "people of dialogue, those who unite, not divide."

She has lectured on documentary filmmaking at many universities worldwide, including UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, North Carolina, Chapel Hill; University of Guadalajara, Mexico; North Texas University; Monterey Institute of International Studies, California; Middlebury College, Vermont; University of Hawaii, Honolulu, and many others.

Polak was a jury member at the Kraków Film Festival and the Document International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival in Glasgow, Scotland; she was a tutor for the EsoDoc workshop; and she was an expert for the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage (Poland), evaluating documentary projects for the Polish Film Institute.

Filmography
 Something Better to Come (2014) - writer, director, cinematographer
 The Officer's Wife (2010) - cinematographer
 Warsaw Battle 1920 in 3D (2010) - director, cinematographer
 Faces of Homelessness (2010) - director, cinematographer
 Kamienna Cisza (2007) - cinematographer
 The Children of Leningradsky (2005) - director, cinematographer, producer
 Al Tribute to Albert Maysles (2004) - director, cinematographer, producer
 Railway Station Ballad (2003) - cinematographer, producer

References

External links

Polish Films at IDFA 2014 at Culture.pl
Russia's Invisible Children – An Interview with Hanna Polak at Culture.pl
Hanna Polak - Danish Documentary website
Moscow's homeless children - Hanna Polak, winner of 3rd prize in UNICEF Photo of the year international competition at UNICEF
Children of Leningradsky - Official website
Something Better To Come - Official website
Something Better To Come at YouTube
Something Better To Come at Facebook
"Oscars: 124 Pics Vying For Feature Documentary Trophy" - Deadline Hollywood
Sometimes You Have to Put Your Camera Down": Director and Producer Hanna Polak on the She Does Podcast at Filmmaker (magazine)
LFF 2015 Women Directors: Meet Hanna Polak - 'Something Better to Come' at Indiewire
Review: Something Better to Come at Slant Magazine
Interview with Hanna Polak, Director and Producer of Something Better to Come - agnès films
'Something Better To Come': IDFA Review at The Hollywood Reporter
Cinema Eye's 'Unforgettables' Honorees Include Amy Winehouse, Angulo Brothers at Variety (magazine)
Hanna Polak on Choosing Her Protagonist at International Documentary Association (YouTube)
''Master Class: 'Something Better to Come''' at Global Investigative Journalism Network (YouTube)
Hanna Polak on Vimeo
Hanna Polak on Twitter

1967 births
Living people
Polish women film directors
Polish film producers
Polish women film producers

Hanna Polak