Sannata () is a Pakistani drama serial aired on ARY Digital. It is directed by Kashif Nisar and written by Saji Gul and stars Saba Qamar, Danish Taimoor and Sajal Aly in the lead. Abdullah Seja and Nauman Masood produced the drama under their production banner Idream Entertainment.

Plot
The story revolves around two cousin sisters. Due to circumstances, young Rukayya takes on the role of a mother to her infant cousin sister and names her Pari.

Pari's mother, Husna, runs away and marries Babban, going against her parents. When she elopes, her only elder brother dies while in search, and her father dies after his son's death. The family now was left only with Apa Bi (Husna's mother), Salma (Husna's widowed elder sister), Ruqayya (Salma's daughter) and Naseeban (Family maid).

While giving birth to Pari, Husna (who lived outside her house as Apa Bi didn't let her inside Haveli) dies, and Apa Bi disowns Pari and decides to hand her to her father, Babban, who might sell her as well. But young Ruqayya is very attached to Pari and resents it. Years pass by, and young Ruqayya becomes mature at a very young age. With the help of Naseeban, she brings up Pari.

In their childhood, they met their cousin Aazam who is younger than Ruqayya. Aazam's father, Ashfaq, is the brother of Apa Bi and who, after the death of her husband, managed their business and their expenses. During their first visit, young Pari fights with Aazam and Aazam's mother, Nafisa (the second wife of Ashfaq), scolds Pari and leaves.

Apa Bi hates Pari and calls her Dayan (witch), who will eat and devour the whole house. In the background, we see the past life of Naseeban, where she falls in love with a tree.

The show leaps. Now Pari is a grown-up teenager while Ruqayya has crossed thirty and is too old to get married.

Aazam has now grown up and visits the Haveli frequently. Pari, who is extremely possessive of Ruqayya, hates him. She thinks he might marry Ruqayya and take her away from her. Aazam develops a liking for Ruqayya. He visits again, stays away from Ruqayya, and gets close to Pari.

Meanwhile, Pari suffers from attacks, and Ruqayya takes her to Mosque and Hakim for treatment. At the mosque, she meets Shauki, a beggar who stares/stalks Pari.

Aazam visits again, and Pari suffers from attacks again. Ruqayya calls Hakim, and Aazam doesn't like his way of treatment and takes Ruqayya and Pari to his home for Pari's treatment. Pari is diagnosed with Epilepsy and a personality disorder. There he confesses to Ruqayya that he loves Pari only because she is so important to her. He asks her to marry him, but she refuses as she is older than him.

Ruqayya returns to their Haveli along with Pari, and Aazam writes her lot of letters. Later after a lot of problems, Ruqayya and Aazam get married. Pari dressed up as a bride and started calling herself Ruqayya. Ruqayya and Aazam ignore this and take her together to Aazam's home.

Pari tried to get close to Aazam, and Aazam decided to send her back to Haveli. Everyone mistreats her at Haveli, so she runs away with Shauki in search of her father.

Shauki's past life story runs in the background.

Ruqayya and Aazam call the police, but Pari is untraceable. Shauki finds Babban in the city, but old and ill Babban refuses to identify himself to them. Shauki leaves Pari at a Peer so that she is safe there. Meanwhile, the police kill Shauki and beat up Babban to trace Pari. But he doesn't say anything. He asks her friend Neelam to search for Pari. Pari starts to live with Babban. Babban realises his mistakes and realises that he might die. He takes Pari to Husna's grave and dies there.

Meanwhile, Ruqayya and Aazam go for a body's identification as it might be Pari. In the process, Ruqayya suffers a miscarriage. Aazam learns that she will never be able to bear a child but doesn't tell Ruqayya.

Neelam goes to the Haveli to meet Apa Bi, who suffers from paralysis. She reads a letter written by Husna and returns Husna's earrings. Looking at Apa Bi's cold behaviour, Neelam leaves.

After three years, Ruqayya finds Pari at a rehab where they deal with split personality disorder patients. Ruqayya brings her to her house. Later, Ruqayya discovers that she will not be able to bear child. She asks Aazam to marry Pari. After many arguments, he marries Pari. Pari, due to her disorder, pretends to be Ruqayya. Pari becomes pregnant and asks Ruqayya to leave Aazam, or she will kill their child. She believes Aazam and Ruqayya only want a child and not love her. Ruqayya goes back to Haveli. Angry Aazam visits and scolds Ruqayya and asks her to stop playing with his emotions.

Next day, Pari apologises to Ruqayya and asks for forgiveness. Ruqayya asks her the reason for her apology. She pushes Ruqayya from the stairs, and she is rushed to a hospital. Her heartbeat stops. Aazam is heartbroken and comes to Haveli and sees Pari sitting below a tree where she was born. He shouts at her that she got what she wanted as Ruqayya is no more. He said that he would always hate her and she would never be able to become Ruqayya, the only love of his life. Pari dies (saying Ruqayya will die as she feels she is Ruqayya). In the hospital, Ruqayya's heartbeat resumes, and she opens her eyes.

The drama closes saying that everyone accused Pari of taking away everything from Ruqayya, her childhood, her toys, her life, her husband and now she took away Ruqayya's death.

Cast
 Saba Qamar as Ruqayya, Pari's cousin who brings her up with much love and affection
 Arisha Razi as young Ruqayya
 Danish Taimoor as Aazam, Ruqayya's cousin, enamoured by her beauty
 Sajal Aly in dual role as:
 Pari, Ruqayya's cousin dependent on her
 Husna, Pari's mother who elopes from her house
 Samina Ahmad as Aapa Bi, Husna and Salma's mother and matriarch of the family
 Nadia Afgan as Salma, Ruqayya's mother and Aapa Bi's widowed daughter
 Shabbir Jan as Ashfaq, Aazam's father
 Nargis Rasheed as Naseeban, the maid in Aapa Bi's house
 Yumna Zaidi as young Naseeban
 Saleem Mairaj as Babban
 Adnan Shah Tipu as Shauki
 Seemi Raheel as Najma
 Rashid Mehmood as Taya
 Faiza Gillani as Neelam
 Mehar Bano as Gul Meena

Accolades

Nominations

Lux Style Awards
Best TV Actress - Saba Qamar
Best TV Actress - Sajal Aly
Best TV Writer - Saji Gul
Best TV Director - Kashif Nisar

References

External links
 Sannata on Official website

2010s Pakistani television series
Pakistani drama television series
2014 Pakistani television series endings
2013 Pakistani television series debuts
ARY Digital original programming
Pakistani horror fiction television series

Sannata


William Elmer Neal (October 14, 1875 – November 12, 1959) was a physician and U.S. Representative from West Virginia.

Biography
Born on a farm near Proctorville, Ohio, Neal attended the public schools.
He graduated from Proctorville High School in 1894.
He taught school in Ohio and Kentucky for six years.
He graduated from National Normal University, Lebanon, Ohio, in 1900 and received a medical degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1906.
He commenced the general practice of medicine in Huntington, West Virginia, in 1907.
Neal served as mayor of Huntington 1925-1928.
He served as member of Huntington Park Board 1931-1952, and West Virginia Public Health Council 1936-1940.
He was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1951 and 1952.

Neal was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-third Congress (January 3, 1953 – January 3, 1955), defeating the incumbent Congressman and former Marshall professor Maurice G. Burnside. Burnside sought a rematch in 1954, and defeated Neal for reelection to the Eighty-fourth Congress.
He served as medical consultant to Foreign Operations Administration in Afghanistan from February 17, 1955, to June 20, 1955.

Neal challenged Burnside a third time in 1956 and was elected to the Eighty-fifth Congress (January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1959). Neal did not sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957. He was defeated for reelection in 1958 by another Marshall professor, Ken Hechler, to the Eighty-sixth Congress. A Republican would not retake this Huntington-based seat, now numbered as the 3rd District, until 2014.

He died in Huntington, West Virginia, November 12, 1959 and was interred there in Spring Hill Cemetery.

See also
 List of United States representatives from West Virginia
 List of mayors of Huntington, West Virginia

References

Sources

External links
One of the Oldest-Known Freshman Members, Dr. Will Neal of West Virginia. Office of the Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives.

1875 births
1959 deaths
20th-century American physicians
20th-century American politicians
Educators from Ohio
Mayors of Huntington, West Virginia
Republican Party members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
National Normal University alumni
People from Lawrence County, Ohio
Physicians from West Virginia
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from West Virginia
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine alumni
Burials at Spring Hill Cemetery (Huntington, West Virginia)

Will E. Neal


Clifton Emmett Cushman (June 2, 1938 – September 25, 1966) was an American athlete who competed mainly in the 400 metre hurdles.

He competed for the United States in the 1960 Summer Olympics held in Rome, Italy in the 400 metre hurdles where he won the silver medal.

High school
Cushman was a graduate of Grand Forks Central High School in Grand Forks, North Dakota in 1956. Cushman was an outstanding athlete while running track for the Redskins, breaking and setting many records. In 1990 Cushman was inducted into the Grand Forks Central Athletic Hall of Fame.  Randy Heuther of Lisbon High School, ND broke Cushman's record in the hurdles, but then was stripped of the title after a wind-aided controversy.

College

After high school, Cushman attended the University of Kansas where he again broke and set many track records. In 1959, he took second place in the 400-meter hurdles providing Kansas with their back bone to reach their first NCAA Championship. In the next year he was named captain of the Jayhawks, in this same season he also earned most outstanding performer honors at the Kansas Relays, as well as winning the national title in the 400 meter hurdles. Again helping to provide the Jayhawks with that back bone needed to defend the NCAA Championship.

His biggest achievement during his college career was during the 1960 season where Cliff Cushman became an Olympian, competing in the 1960 games in Rome. Cushman finished second overall with a time  of 49.6 seconds in the 400 meter hurdles.

Race to the gold medal

In 1964 Cliff Cushman hoped to compete again in the Olympics. However, his hopes of winning a medal were lost when he stumbled over a hurdle at the final U.S. Olympic trial meet in Los Angeles.

Just hours after the meet, Cushman wrote a letter to the youth of his hometown of Grand Forks asking them to not feel sorry for him but instead to set goals for themselves.

U.S. Air Force
After Cushman's successful career at the University of Kansas, he joined the United States Air Force. His last posting before being sent to Vietnam was at Payne Field just south of Everett, Washington.

Death
On September 25, 1966, Cushman was the pilot of the #2 F-105D in a flight of three that was conducting an afternoon combat mission to bomb a railroad bridge located on the northeast railroad line approximately  north-northeast of Kép Air Base and  northeast of Bac Giang, Lang Son Province, North Vietnam. Cushman's call sign was "Devil 2." The flight arrived in the target area on schedule and immediately checked in with the airborne battlefield command and control center (ABCCC). Devil flight was directed to begin their bomb runs on the bridge.

At 15:30 hours, Devil Lead made his pass on the target followed in order by the rest of his flight. After pulling off the target, Cushman radioed that he had been hit by anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) fire and he had a fire warning light. Devil 3 asked if he could steer, Cushman replied he had "lost his stability, augmentation and aircraft power."

Devil Lead observed 37 mm AAA fire bursting to the left and rear of Devil 2 (Cushman), and told Cushman to break right. Lead then saw his afterburner light and simultaneous torch of flames coming from the right aft section of Devil 2 (Cushman)'s aircraft. Devil Lead then observed Cushman's aircraft break into several burning parts. He also saw Cushman's ejection seat arcing up and to the front of the falling wreckage. They could not find his body anywhere. Because of the rough landscape it was nearly impossible for anyone to gain radio control. Cushman was immediately listed Missing in Action, this was later changed to presumptive finding of death.

On November 6, 1975, Cushman was officially declared dead.

Surviving family members were spouse Carolyn Cushman and son Colin Cushman.

Memorials
Grand Forks Central High School and Red River High School named the football stadium they share after him, Cushman Field. Every fall, the football game between the two schools is called the Cushman Classic. His picture is displayed in GFC's gymnasium, and his name is mentioned in almost every Hall of Fame cabinet.

His wife said after being informed of her husband's status: "Somewhere in Vietnam he's running the biggest race of his life. It's like watching a race in which Cliff is running - only you can't see the finish tape. He's in excellent physical condition. Cliff also has a very deep faith in God. What better combination could there be?"

References

Links

Defense Prisoner of War/Missing Personnel Office -- Additional case details on CUSHMAN, CLIFTON EMMET from the US Government database on Personnel Missing in Southeast Asia -- Vietnam War

American male hurdlers
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 1959 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 1960 Summer Olympics
1938 births
1966 deaths
Kansas Jayhawks men's track and field athletes
Sportspeople from Grand Forks, North Dakota
Track and field athletes from North Dakota
United States Air Force officers
Aerial disappearances of military personnel in action
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
United States Air Force personnel killed in the Vietnam War
American Vietnam War pilots
Olympians killed in warfare

Clifton Cushman


AutoHotkey is a free, open-source scripting language for Microsoft Windows. It allows users to create keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys, fast macro-creation and software automation. It allows users to automate repetitive tasks in any Windows application. User interfaces can be extended or modified by AutoHotkey. For example, replacing the Windows control key commands with their Emacs equivalents. The AutoHotkey installation includes a help file. Documentation is available on the internet.

Features
AutoHotkey scripts can be used to load programs, open documents, and issue keystrokes and mouse clicks.

AutoHotkey scripts can also change variables and manipulate windows, files, and folders.

AutoHotkey scripts can be started by a hotkey. When the user presses a combination of keys, such as  on the keyboard, a script could open a web browser.

Keyboard keys can be remapped, such that pressing  might result in the active window receiving an en dash (–). The same keys could be disabled, such that pressing  might result in nothing happening at all.

AutoHotkey also allows for 'hotstrings' that will automatically replace certain text as it is typed. A typical use for hotstrings is expanding abbreviations. Typing "btw" could be made to produce the text "by the way".

Scripts can be started automatically when the computer starts. These could run in the background and could be used to write information to a logfile.

More complex tasks can be making custom data entry forms (GUI windows), working with the system registry, or using the Windows API by calling functions from DLLs. The scripts can be compiled into an executable file that can be run on other computers that do not have AutoHotkey installed.

The source code is in C++ and can be compiled with Visual Studio Express.

Memory access through pointers is allowed just as in C.

Some uses for AutoHotkey:
 Remapping the keyboard, such as from QWERTY to Dvorak or other alternative keyboard layouts.
 Using shortcuts to fill in frequently-used file names or other phrases.
 Typing punctuation not provided on the keyboard, such as curved quotes ("…").
 Controlling the mouse cursor with a keyboard or joystick.
 Opening programs, documents, and websites with simple keystrokes.
 Adding a signature to e-mail or message boards.
 Monitoring a system and automatically closing unwanted programs.
 Scheduling an automatic reminder, system scan, or backup.
 Automating repetitive tasks.
 Filling out contest and freebie forms automatically (it could type in your name, address, and so on, automatically).
 Prototyping before implementing in another, more time consuming, programming language.

History
The first public beta of AutoHotkey was released on November 10, 2003. It was  based on the syntax on AutoIt v2. It used some AutoIt v3 commands and the AutoIt v3 compiler. AutoIt v3 changed its license from GPL to closed source because of "other projects repeatedly taking AutoIt code" and "setting themselves up as competitors."

In 2010, AutoHotkey v1.1 (originally called AutoHotkey_L) became the platform for ongoing development of AutoHotkey. In late 2012, it became the official branch.

Examples
The following script will allow a user to search for a particular word or phrase using Google. After copying text from any application to the clipboard, pressing the configurable hotkey  will open the user's default web browser and perform the search.

#g::Run http://www.google.com/search?q=%clipboard%

The following script defines a hotstring that enables the user to type "afaik" in any program and have it automatically replaced with "as far as I know":

::afaik::as far as I know

The example below makes  replace selected text in an editor with a quoted version of that text. It illustrates the use of functions, arguments and default argument values. ^+q::QuoteSelection()  ; Ctrl+Shift+Q

QuoteSelection()
{
	selection := GetSelection()  ; Get selected text.
	PasteText(Quote(selection))  ; Quote the text and paste it back.
}

GetSelection(timeoutSeconds := 0.5)
{
	Clipboard := ""  ; Clear clipboard for ClipWait to function.
	Send ^c  ; Send Ctrl+C to get selection on clipboard.
	ClipWait %timeoutSeconds% ; Wait for the copied text to arrive at the clipboard.
	return Clipboard
}

PasteText(s)
{
	Clipboard := s  ; Put the text on the clipboard.
	Send ^v  ; Paste the text with Ctrl+V.
}

Quote(s)
{
	return """" . s . """"
}

User-contributed features
There are extensions/interops/inline script libraries available for usage with/from other programming languages:
 VB/C# (.NET)
 Lua
 Lisp
 ECL
 VBScript/JScript (Windows Scripting Host)
 Embedded machine code

Other major plugins enable support for:
 Aspect-oriented programming
 Function hooks
 COM wrappers
 Console interaction
 Dynamic code generation
 HIDs
Internet Explorer automation
GUI creation
Web services
 Synthetic programming
 Windows event hooks

Malware
Some malware has been written using AutoHotkey.

Anti-malware products sometimes falsely identify AutoHotkey scripts as malware. These are called false positives.

Related pages
 AutoIt (for Windows)
 KiXtart (for Windows)
 Winbatch (for Windows)
 Macro Express (for Windows)
 Bookmarklet (for web browsers)
 iMacros (for Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer)
 AutoKey (for Linux)
 Automator (for Macintosh)
 Keyboard Maestro (for Macintosh)

References

Other websites

AutoHotkey Foundation LLC

Microsoft Windows software
Programming languages

AutoHotkey


was a samurai and retainer of the Ōuchi clan and a son of Sagara Masato.

Originally from Higo Province, he served the Ōuchi clan as his father had become a retainer of the clan. From around 1543 with the support of Ōuchi Yoshitaka, he led a faction of retainers who preached a softer approach, as opposed to the faction led by Sue Harukata, which preached a hard-line stance. One of the reasons for the internal feud of the Ōuchi clan was a result of Taketo and Harukata arguing over the future course of the clan.  In 1550,  facing an impending clash with Harukata, he tried to flee to Chikuzen Province, but was captured and placed under house arrest. Taketo tried to appease Harukata by having his daughter marry Harukata's son, but the relationship remained cold.

In 1551, Harukata revolted and Taketo was killed in Hanao Castle during the Tainei-ji incident, during which Yoshitaka also died.

References

1498 births
1551 deaths
Samurai

Sagara Taketō


Reflexology, also known as zone therapy, is an alternative medical practice involving the application of pressure to specific points on the feet, ears, and hands. This is done using thumb, finger, and hand massage techniques without the use of oil or lotion. It is based on a pseudoscientific system of zones and reflex areas that purportedly reflect an image of the body on the feet and hands, with the premise that such work on the feet and hands causes a physical change to the supposedly related areas of the body.

There is no convincing scientific evidence that reflexology is effective for any medical condition.

Definition
In a Cochrane Collaboration review, reflexology is defined as follows:  "Reflexology is gentle manipulation or pressing on certain parts of the foot to produce an effect elsewhere in the body."

The Australian Government's Department of Health define reflexology as "a system of applying pressure, usually to the feet, which practitioners believe stimulates energy and releases 'blockages' in specific areas that cause pain or illness."

History
Practices resembling reflexology may have existed in previous historical periods. Similar practices have been documented in the histories of India, China and Egypt. Reflexology was introduced to the United States in 1913 by William H. Fitzgerald, M.D. (1872–1942), an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and Edwin F. Bowers. Fitzgerald claimed that applying pressure had an anesthetic effect on other areas of the body. It was modified in the 1930s and 1940s by Eunice D. Ingham (1889–1974), a nurse and physiotherapist. Ingham claimed that the feet and hands were especially sensitive and mapped the entire body into "reflexes" on the feet, renaming "zone therapy" as reflexology. Many of the modern reflexologists use Ingham's methods, or similar techniques of reflexologist Laura Norman.

Effectiveness
In 2015, the Australian Government's Department of Health published the results of a review of alternative therapies that sought to determine if any were suitable for being covered by health insurance. Reflexology was one of 17 therapies evaluated for which no clear evidence of effectiveness was found. Accordingly, in 2017, the Australian government named reflexology as a practice that would not qualify for insurance subsidy, saying this step would "ensure taxpayer funds are expended appropriately and not directed to therapies lacking evidence".

Reviews from 2009 and 2011 have found no evidence sufficient to support the use of reflexology for any medical condition. A 2009 systematic review of randomized controlled trials concludes: "The best evidence available to date does not demonstrate convincingly that reflexology is an effective treatment for any medical condition."

Claimed mechanism
There is no consensus among reflexologists on how reflexology is supposed to work; a unifying theme is the idea that areas on the foot correspond to areas of the body and that by manipulating these one can improve health through one's qi. Reflexologists divide the body into ten equal vertical zones, five on the right and five on the left. Concerns have been raised by medical professionals that treating potentially serious illnesses with reflexology, which has no proven efficacy, could delay the seeking of appropriate medical treatment.

Reflexologists posit that the blockage of an energy field, invisible life force, or Qi, can prevent healing. Another tenet of reflexology is the belief that practitioners can relieve stress and pain in other parts of the body through the manipulation of the feet. One claimed explanation is that the pressure received in the feet may send signals that 'balance' the nervous system or release chemicals such as endorphins that reduce stress and pain. These hypotheses are rejected by the medical community who cite a lack of scientific evidence and the well-tested germ theory of disease.

Reflexology's claim to manipulate energy (Qi) is unsupported by science; there is no scientific evidence for the existence of life energy (Qi), "energy balance", "crystalline structures" or "pathways" in the body.

In Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial,  Simon Singh states that if indeed the hands and feet "reflect" the internal organs, reflexology might be expected to explain how such "reflection" was derived from the process of Darwinian natural selection, but Singh says that no argument or evidence has been adduced.

Regulation
In the United Kingdom, reflexology is coordinated on a voluntary basis by the Complementary and Natural Healthcare Council (CNHC). Registrants are required to meet Standards of Proficiency outlined by Profession Specific Boards but since CNHC is voluntary anyone practicing can describe themselves as a reflexologist. When the CNHC began admitting reflexologists, a skeptic searched for, and found, 14 of them who were claiming efficacy on illnesses. Once pointed out, the CNHC had the claims retracted as it conflicted with the UK's Advertising Standards Authority code.

Reflexology is one of the most used alternative therapies in Denmark. A national survey from 2005 showed that 21.4% of the Danish population had used reflexology at some point and 6.1% had used reflexology within the previous year. A study from Norway showed that 5.6% of the Norwegian population in 2007 had used reflexology within the last 12 months.

See also
 Acupressure
 Foot massage
 Shiatsu

Notes

External links

Manual therapy
Naturopathy
Pseudoscience

de:Reflexzonenmassage

Reflexology


The great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) also known as great Indian hornbill or great pied hornbill, is one of the larger members of the hornbill family.

Great hornbills are found in the forests of Nepal, India, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, Indonesia. Their impressive size and colour have made them important in many tribal cultures and rituals. The great hornbill is long-lived, living for nearly 50 years in captivity. They are predominantly frugivorous although they are opportunists and will prey on small mammals, reptiles and birds.

References

Birds of Asia
Bucerotiformes

Great hornbill


Fatback is a type of meat from a pig.  It is made from the fat under the skin on the back of the pig.  It can be served with or without the skin still on the fat. Fatback is "hard fat" and is different than the soft fat found belly of pig.  Like other types of pig fat, it can be made into lard if it is processed.  Fatback can be used to make salt pork, and it is used to make sausages or as an ingredient in many dishes.

Use

Fatback is a traditional part of southern US cuisine, soul food and the traditional cuisine of Quebec.  In Quebec, it is used for fried pork rinds, which is also called cracklings.  Fatback is used to flavor boiled vegetables such as leaf vegetables, green beans, and black-eyed peas.  Fat back can be fried, coated with breadcrumbs and fried or cooked in many other ways.

Fatback has been used for hundreds of years or more in almost every country where they eat pork.  Each country has their own special dishes that use it.

References

Pork

Fatback


Michael Healey is a Canadian playwright and actor. He graduated from the acting programme at Toronto's Ryerson Theatre School in 1985. His acting credits include the plays of Jason Sherman (The League of Nathans, Reading Hebron and Three in the Back, Two in the Head) and George F. Walker (The End of Civilization, Better Living).

Playwright
Healey trained as an actor at Toronto's Ryerson Theatre School in the mid -eighties. He began writing for the stage in the early nineties and his first play, a solo one-act called Kicked, was produced at the Fringe of Toronto Festival in 1996. He subsequently toured the play across Canada and internationally, and in 1998 it won a Dora Mavor Moore Award (Toronto's theatre awards) as best new play.

The Drawer Boy, his first full-length play, premiered in Toronto in 1999 and won the Dora for best new play, a Chalmers Canadian Playwriting Award, and the Governor General's Literary Award.  It has been produced across North America and internationally, and has been translated into German, French, Japanese and Hindi.

His other plays include The Road to Hell (co-authored with Kate Lynch), Plan B, Rune Arlidge, The Innocent Eye Test, The Nuttals, and Are You Okay. From 2008 to 2012 he created a trilogy of plays about Canadian values and politics, entitled Generous, Courageous and Proud. In all, his plays have won the Dora for best new play five times.

He has also adapted works by Shaw, Checkhov, Molnar, and, most recently, Dürrenmatt. He continues to find work as an actor occasionally.

Actor
Michael Healey has several TV acting credits, including a regular role as lawyer James Ryder on the CBC comedy-drama This Is Wonderland.

Works

Plays
 1996: Kicked
1999: The Road to Hell: Two One-Act Comedies with Kate Lynch, Playwrights Canada Press
1999: The Drawer Boy, Playwrights Canada Press. Winner of the 1999 Governor General's Literary Award for Drama
2002: Plan B., Playwrights Canada Press
2004: Rune Arlidge, Playwrights Canada Press. Shortlisted for the 2004 Governor General's Literary Award for Drama
 2006: The Innocent Eye Test, Playwrights Canada Press
2007: Generous, Scirocco Drama
 2010: Courageous, Playwrights Canada Press. Shortlisted for the 2010 Governor General's Literary Award for Drama
 2011: The Nuttalls, Playwrights Canada Press
 2011: Are you okay?
2012: Proud, Playwrights Canada Press
 2017: 1979, Playwrights Canada Press. Shortlisted for the 2017 Governor General's Literary Award for Drama
2019: an adaptation of The Front Page, The Stratford Festival
2023: The Master Plan, Crow's Theatre

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Governor General's Award-winning dramatists
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners

Michael Healey


The Revenge of Blind Joe Death: The John Fahey Tribute Album is a tribute CD to guitarist John Fahey released in 2006 by Takoma Records.

History
This John Fahey tribute album was produced by Jon Monday, former art director and later vice president and general manager of Fahey's label, Takoma Records. It contains a collection of interpretations of Fahey compositions and original compositions played in Fahey's style. All the performers were either friends, students, collaborators or label-mates of Fahey.

The final song, recorded to sound like a scratchy 78 rpm record, is credited to Blind Joe Death himself, Fahey's alter-ego during his early career. The actual performer is not revealed.

Reception

In his Allmusic review, critic Mark Deming praised the album and many of the performances, but also wrote "... the sense of creative adventure and musical risk that was so much a part of John Fahey's music is largely missing, and a number of the guitarists here offer renditions that are so close to the sound and style of the original that they seem almost pointless except as a show of technique..." and that it is "a well-intentioned labor of love, but its polished surfaces lack the edgy textures that were so important to Fahey's work"

Daniel Spicer of PopMatters singled out specific performances as "less successful" as others, but called the album "commendable and hugely enjoyable tribute to a unique giant of American music." He singles out George Winston's harmonica version of "Sally Goodin" as "a relentless, barrage of percussive blowing that whips up a dark vortex of drones and overtones, dragging the listener down to a tiny point of non-existence. It really must be heard to be believed."

Track listing

References

2006 compilation albums
Folk compilation albums
John Fahey (musician) tribute albums
Takoma Records albums


Syd Butler (born August 15, 1972) is the bassist and founding member of the indie rock and post-hardcore band Les Savy Fav. A few years later Butler became the owner and founder of Frenchkiss Records. Butler is also a current member of The 8G Band from the show Late Night with Seth Meyers. He currently has two children with his long-term partner, actress Amy Carlson.

Early life
Syd Butler was born on August 15, 1972, in Memphis, Tennessee, to Syd and Kay Butler. Despite being born in southwest Tennessee, Butler spent most of his adolescent years growing up in Washington, D.C. Butler grew up in the 1980s during the height of Dischord Records, who later became an influential factor that led to his creation of Frenchkiss. After graduating high school, Butler continued his education at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he later met his bandmates of Les Savy Fav.

Music career

Les Savy Fav
Butler formed Les Savy Fav while studying film and video at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island, along with his now bandmates. The energy and idiosyncrasies of their live performances soon attracted a following, and the band started playing shows and touring across the United States and Europe.

Frenchkiss Records
Butler started Frenchkiss in 1999 from an office in the Meatpacking District of New York City. The label's first purpose was to release Les Savy Fav's second full-length album The Cat and the Cobra. Although they eventually did release The Cat and the Cobra, Frenchkiss also started discovering and signing a wide array of bands. Some of these bands include The Hold Steady, Local Natives, The Dodos, Bloc Party and Passion Pit. It wasn't until then that Frenchkiss started gaining the exposure that they needed in order to be taken seriously in the tenacious industry they were in. Slowly they started to sell some records and they continued to sign quality artists who were ready for the challenge of making it in the music industry.

Butler directed some of the music videos for Frenchkiss bands including Ex Models's "Sex Automata", S Prcss's "Our Bikes Are Silver", Smoke and Smoke's "Into The Smoke And Smoke", The Dodos' "Winter", as well as his own band's videos for "Patty Lee" and "Rodeo."

Frenchkiss' future was looking bright. In April 2010, Butler formed a partnership with BMG/Chrysalis and started Frenchkiss Publishing, signing bands such as Gauntlet Hair, Dana Boy, Les Savy Fav and Exitmusic. Then in December 2011, Billboard released a story stating that Frenchkiss had signed a new, all-encompassing agreement with The Orchard for U.S. and international distribution, both digitally and physically. The following January, Frenchkiss Label Group formed as a hands-on boutique distributor, for smaller labels like ATP Recordings, Cavity Search, Cult, Godmode, Holiday Friends, JAXART, Pendu Sound, Underwater Peoples, White Iris, etc. When March 2013 rolled around, Butler partnered with actor-comedian David Cross and The Orchard Video Network to launch FKR.TV.

FKR.TV's focus was to create original creative content with new shows weekly. This would also include music videos, rare live performances by FKR artists, and unique content from the Frenchkiss archives.

Side Projects

Butler has performed in various musical side projects such as Juiced Elfers, with Nicholas Thorburn of Islands, and on Desiderata with Amanda McKaye. In November 2012, it was announced that he, Les Savy Fav bandmate Seth, and Amy Carlson had formed a short-term band called Office Romance and released their Holiday EP, I Love The Holidays via Frenchkiss. As avid hockey fan, it was an exciting for him when he was a guest celebrity blogger for the National Hockey League during the Playoffs.

Late Night with Seth Meyers
The 8G band is the house band for Late Night with Seth Meyers, formed by Butler's long-time friend Fred Armisen. One day Butler got a text from Armisen, asking to join the band. He along with Armison, Eli Janney, Marnie Stern, Les Savy Fav guitarist Seth Jabour make up the current roster of the 8G band. There are special guest each episode on the drums and some notable alumni include Kenny Aronoff, Matt Cameron, Patrick Carney, and Dave Lombardo.

Editorial
On April 22, 2012, Butler's book, Who Farted Wrong?, a collection of humorous drawings and anecdotes, was published via Write Bloody Publishing.

References

American music industry executives
1972 births
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
The 8G Band members
Living people

Syd Butler


Handley Carr Glyn Moule (; 23 December 18418 May 1920) was an evangelical Anglican theologian, writer, poet, and Bishop of Durham from 1901 to 1920.

Biography
Moule was schooled at home before entering Trinity College, Cambridge in 1860, where he graduated BA in 1864. He was elected a Fellow of Trinity in 1865, and became an assistant master at Marlborough College before he was ordained deacon in 1867 and priest in 1868. From 1867 he was his father's curate at Fordington, Dorset, with a stint of five years as Dean of Trinity College chapel, 1873–1877. In 1880 he became the first principal of Ridley Hall, Cambridge, and then in 1899 became Norrisian Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, until his appointment as Bishop of Durham in September 1901. He was consecrated as a bishop in York Minster on 18 October 1901. As Bishop of Durham, Moule occupied Auckland Castle. The 1911 Census of England and Wales shows that he had in his household thirteen servants including a butler, two footmen, and a lady's maid.

Moule was active in the Higher Life movement and was one of the speakers at the inaugural Keswick Convention.

Moule was an Honorary Chaplain to Queen Victoria from December 1898 until her death in January 1901, then an Honorary Chaplain to Edward VII for a couple of months until he was appointed bishop. In November 1901 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he had been a Professorial Fellow previously, and in December 1901 he received the degree Doctor of Divinity (DD) by diploma from the University of Durham.

Personal life
Handley Moule was the eighth and final son of Henry Moule (1801–1880), an inventor and the vicar of Fordington for over 50 years. Handley was named after his godfathers Augustus Handley, a minister at Fordington, and Carr John Glyn (father of General John P. C. Glyn).  His brothers George Evans Moule and Arthur Evans Moule were missionaries in China, and another brother, Charles Walter Moule, was president of Corpus Christi. Two more brothers, Horatio Mosley Moule and artist Henry Joseph Moule are chiefly remembered as friends of novelist Thomas Hardy, who was well known to the Moule family. Moule's grand-nephew C. F. D. Moule was a notable theologian.

Handley Moule married Harriet Mary Elliott (1844–1914) (called "Mary") on 16 August 1881; they had two children, Mary "Tesie" Moule (1882–1905) and Isabel Catherine Moule (1884–1959). In 1907 Moule published a memoir on Mary's short life entitled The School of Suffering. Isabel married Robert Vere de Vere, a colonial judge.

Moule is buried in the churchyard of St. Cuthbert's Church in Durham.

Views and influence
Moule had a considerable reputation as a preacher and persuasive speaker and expressed his emphatic support for Britain's declaration of war against Germany in August, 1914, under the heading 'THE GREAT WAR'. He wrote that he was old enough to remember the Crimean War and other wars, but on this occasion, it was more possible, '....without one reserve, for the Christian Englishmen to pray for ultimate victory, supreme and overwhelming, as for a thing certainly well-pleasing to God. Our state has entered on the struggle with a conscience clear as the day'. Of his contemporary bishops, he stood with the Bishops of London, Liverpool and Carlisle and the Archbishop of York in his pro-active support for the War. He underlined 'the sacred duty of national self-preservation. I have long thought that the Germanic power has aimed at the political ruin of Britain". He asked his clergy to encourage recruitment to the Army since half a million volunteers were needed. He was proud of the report that 218,000 miners had enlisted, half from Durham, that nearly 2,000 men from the diocesan branch of the Church of England's Men's Society were on active service, and that Bede College former students included 4 dead on the Somme, 5 wounded, one MC, one DCM and one MM. He supported the extension of the franchise to women, 'a grant in which I for one believe that great possibilities of good lie in waiting'.

Publications
Moule was a New Testament scholar who wrote over 60 books and pamphlets. He contributed the chapters on Paul's letters to the Romans, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians and Philemon in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (1891–98) and also wrote poems on religious subjects; he won the Seatonian Prize at Cambridge for sacred poetry 1869–1873 and again in 1876. He published at least two volumes of poetry in his lifetime, in addition to the prizewinning pieces. He wrote a number of hymns, of which "Lord and Savior, True and Kind" is probably the best known.

This is an incomplete list of Handley Moule's published works:

Christian Self-Denial: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXIX, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1869
Poems on Subjects Selected From the Acts of the Apostles, with Other Miscellaneous Pieces, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1869
The Beloved Disciple: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXX, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1870
Tyre: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXXI, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1871
The Gospel in Polynesia: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXXII, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1872
The Brazen Serpent: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXXIII, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1873
The Victory Which Overcometh the World: A Poem Which Obtained the Seatonian Prize, MDCCCLXXVI, Deighton, Bell, & Co., Cambridge, 1876
Dorchester Poems, W. Poole, London, 1878
Christianus, A Story of Antioch: And Other Poems, Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, and Co., 1883
Thoughts on Union with Christ, Seeley & Co., London, 1885
Thoughts on Christian Sanctity, Seeley & Co., London, 1885
Thoughts on the Spiritual Life, Seeley & Co., London, 1887
The Epistle to the Ephesians, with Introduction and Notes, University Press, Cambridge, 1888
Outlines of Christian Doctrine, Thomas Whittaker, New York, probably 1889
 Philippian Studies, Hodder and Stoughton, 1890 (The Expositor's Library)
Life in Christ and for Christ, A. C. Armstrong & Son, New York, 1890
Veni Creator: Thoughts on the Person and Work of the Holy Spirit of Promise, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1890
To My Younger Brethren: Chapters on Pastoral Life and Work, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1892
Charles Simeon, Methuen & Co., London, 1892
Christ is All: Sermons from New Testament Texts on Various Aspects of the Glory and Work of Christ; With Some Other Sermons, E. P. Dutton & Co., New York, 1892
Jesus and the Resurrection. Expository Studies on St. John xx, xxi, London, 1893
The Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1894
Secret Prayer, Thomas Whittaker, New York, 1895
Colossian Studies: Lessons in Faith and Holiness from St. Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and Philemon, A. C. Armstrong and Son, New York, 1898
Ephesian Studies: Expository Readings on the Epistle of Saint Paul to the Ephesians, A. C. Armstrong and Son, New York, 1900
Phillipian Studies: Lessons in Faith and Love from St. Paul's Epistle to the Philippians, A. C. Armstrong, New York, 1900
The Old Gospel for the New Age, And Other Sermons, Fleming H. Revell Company, Chicago, New York, & Toronto, 1901
The Epistle of Saint Paul to the Romans, A. C. Armstrong, New York, 1902
From Sunday to Sunday: Short Bible Readings for the Sundays of the Year, A. C. Armstrong and Son, New York, 1904
Short Devotional Studies on the Dying Letter of St. Paul, Religious Tract Society, London, 1905
The School of Suffering: A Brief Memorial of Mary E. E. Moule, By Her Father Handley, Bishop of Durham, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1907
Messages from the Epistle to the Hebrews, Elliot Stock, London, 1909
Memories of a Vicarage, Religious Tract Society, London, 1913
Christus Consolator: Words for Hearts in Trouble, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, London, 1917
Letters and poems of Bishop Moule: Selections from the Spiritual Letters and Poems of Handley Carr Glyn Moule, Bishop of Durham (1901–1920), Marshall Bros., 1921

Some of these have been reprinted in recent years; some are available as e-books for the Kindle and other readers.

References

Sources

Further reading
 John Battersby Harford and Frederick Charles Macdonald, Handley Carr Glyn Moule, Bishop of Durham: A Biography, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1922.

External links

Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Handley Moule at the AGES Library

Bishops of Durham
Academics of the University of Cambridge
20th-century Church of England bishops
1841 births
1920 deaths
People from Dorchester, Dorset
Staff of Ridley Hall, Cambridge
Deans of Trinity College Chapel, Cambridge
Norrisian Professors of Divinity
Evangelical Anglican biblical scholars
Evangelical Anglican bishops
Evangelical Anglican theologians

Handley Moule


The Rochester Cardinals were a professional ice hockey team that was a member of the International Hockey League. The Cardinals, who played at Edgerton Park Arena, lasted only the 1935–36 season, compiling a 15–29–3 record and a host of financial difficulties.

The Cardinals were a farm team of the New York Americans of the National Hockey League. Rochester could have been a charter member of the International-American Hockey League which formed in the summer of 1936 upon the merger of the IHL and the Canadian-American Hockey Leagues. However, the Cardinals went into receivership before the end of the 1935–36 season and no suitable owner could be found to operate the team.

After a new arena was constructed Rochester was awarded the Rochester Americans.

References

External links
 Team profile at Hockeydb.com

International Hockey League (1929–1936) teams
New York Americans minor league affiliates
Defunct ice hockey teams in the United States
Defunct sports clubs and teams in New York (state)
Cardinals
1935 establishments in New York (state)
1936 disestablishments in New York (state)
Ice hockey clubs established in 1935
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1936

Rochester Cardinals


Vahana is a creature or object that carries one of the Hindu gods.  Almost always they are animals. The gods are usually shown with their vahana. Nandi the bull, vehicle of Shiva, represents strength and virility. Dinka the mouse, vehicle of Ganesha, represents speed and sharpness. Parvani the peacock, vehicle of Kartikeya, represents splendor and majesty. The hamsa, vehicle of Saraswati, represents wisdom, grace, and beauty.

Hinduism

Vahana


Frederick James Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton,  (23 August 1883 – 14 December 1964), was an English businessman and politician who served as chairman of the Conservative Party from 1946 to 1955.

In April 1940, he was appointed Minister of Food and established the rationing system. During this time, he maintained food imports from America and organised a programme of free school meals. The vegetarian Woolton pie was named after Woolton, as one of the recipes commended to the British public due to a shortage of meat, fish, and dairy products during the Second World War. In 1943, Woolton was appointed Minister of Reconstruction, planning for post-war Britain.

Early career
Lord Woolton was born at 163 West Park Street in Ordsall, Salford, Lancashire, in 1883. He was the only surviving child of a saddler, Thomas Robert Marquis (1857–1944), and his wife, Margaret Marquis, née Ormerod (1854–1923). Educated in Ardwick and then at Manchester Grammar School and the University of Manchester, Woolton was an active member of the Unitarian Church. He was active in social work in Liverpool (1906–1918).

Woolton hoped to pursue an academic career in the social sciences, but his wish was frustrated by his family's financial circumstances, and he became a mathematics teacher at Burnley Grammar School. He was forced to turn down a research fellowship in Sociology at the University of London but was appointed a research fellow in Economics at the University of Manchester in 1910, where he took the degree of MA in 1912.

Having been judged unfit for military service, Woolton became a civil servant, first in the War Office, then at the Leather Control Board, where he served as a civilian boot controller. At the end of the war, he became secretary of the Boot Manufacturers' Federation, joining Lewis's department store in Liverpool, where he was an executive (1928–1951), becoming director in 1928 and chairman in 1936. In 1938, he responded to the Anschluss by announcing that his stores would boycott Nazi German goods. Despite public support, he was reprimanded by Horace Wilson on behalf of Neville Chamberlain's National Government for diverging from its European policy of appeasement.

Woolton was knighted in 1935 and was raised to the peerage in 1939 for his contribution to British industry. Despite his wishes, he was informed that it was not possible to be Baron Marquis (because "Marquess", or "Marquis", is another grade of the peerage of the United Kingdom), so he took the title Baron Woolton after the Liverpool suburb of that name in which he had lived. He subsequently served on several government committees (including the Cadman committee). He refused to affiliate himself with any political party.

Second World War

In April 1940, Woolton was appointed as Minister of Food by Neville Chamberlain, one of several ministerial appointments from outside politics. Woolton retained this position until 1943. He supervised 50,000 employees and over a thousand local offices where people could obtain ration cards. His ministry had a virtual monopoly of all food sold in Britain, whether imported or local. His mission was to guarantee adequate nutrition for everyone. With food supplies cut sharply because of enemy action and the needs of the services, rationing was essential. Woolton and his advisors had one scheme in mind, but economists convinced them to instead try point rationing. Everyone would have a certain number of points a month that they could allocate any way they wanted. The experimental approach to food rationing has been considered successful; indeed, food rationing was a major success story in Britain's war.

In late June 1940, with a German invasion threatened, Woolton reassured the public that emergency food stocks were in place that would last "for weeks and weeks" even if the shipping could not get through. He said "iron rations" were stored for use only in great emergency. Other rations were stored in the outskirts of cities liable to German bombing. When the Blitz began in late summer 1940, he was ready with more than 200 feeding stations in London and other cities under attack.

Woolton had the task of overseeing rationing due to wartime shortages. He took the view that it was insufficient to merely impose restrictions but that a programme of advertising to support it was also required. He warned that meat and cheese, as well as bacon and eggs, were in very short supply and would remain that way. Calling for a simpler diet, he noted that there was plenty of bread, potatoes, vegetable oils, fats, and milk.

By January 1941, the usual overseas food supply had fallen in half. By 1942, however, ample food supplies were arriving through Lend Lease from the U.S. and a similar Canadian programme. Worried about children, he made sure that by 1942 Britain was providing 650,000 children with free school meal; about 3,500,000 children received milk at school, in addition to priority supplies at home. However, his national loaf of wholemeal brown bread replaced the ordinary white variety, to the distaste of most housewives. Children learned that sweets supplies were reduced to save shipping space.

Woolton kept food prices down by subsidizing eggs and other items. He promoted recipes that worked well with the rationing system, including the "Woolton pie," which consisted of carrots, parsnips, potatoes, and turnips in oatmeal, with a pastry or potato crust, and served with brown gravy. Woolton's business skills made the Ministry of Food's job a success, and he earned a strong personal popularity despite the shortages.

He joined the Privy Council in 1940 and became a Companion of Honour in 1942. In 1943, Woolton entered the War Cabinet as Minister of Reconstruction, taking charge of the difficult task of planning for post-war Britain and in this role, he appeared on the cover of Time on the issue of 26 March 1945. In May 1945, he featured in Churchill's "Caretaker" government as Lord President of the Council.

President of the Royal Statistical Society
In November 1945, Woolton gave his inaugural address as President of the Royal Statistical Society.

Conservative Party manager
In July 1945, Churchill lost the 1945 general election, and his government fell. The next day, Woolton joined the Conservative Party and was soon appointed party chairman, with the job of improving the party's organisation in the country and revitalising it for future elections. Under Woolton, many sweeping reforms were carried out, and when the Conservatives returned to government in 1951, Woolton served in the Cabinet for the next four years.

Woolton rebuilt the local organisations with an emphasis on membership, money, and a unified national propaganda appeal on critical issues. To broaden the base of potential candidates, the national party provided financial aid to candidates and assisted the local organisations in raising local money. Woolton also proposed changing the name of the party to the Union Party and later emphasised a rhetoric that characterised opponents as "Socialist" rather than "Labour". He was given credit for the Conservative victory in 1951, their first since 1935.

In May 1950, Woolton, with Churchill's approval, called for a kind of coalition with the Liberal Party based on nine principles he said they agreed upon:
 Opposition to "the over-encroaching power of the State over the lives of individuals and of the processes which this commercial nation lives"
 Opposition to the nationalisation of the means of production, distribution and exchange, "which is the creed of socialism";
 Opposition to "the centralisation of government in Whitehall and the weakening of the influence of local authorities";
 Belief in "the establishment, under private enterprise, of partnership in industry, whereby all ranks engaged in it shall … share in the increased yield that comes from greater effort or increased skill";
 Belief in the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment,
 Belief that "the best purposes of the State are served when there is economy in public administration and when Government conducted with rigorous avoidance of waste";
 Belief in high standards of health, housing, and education, coupled with religious freedom;
 Recognition of the national duty of maintaining sufficient defense forces, of the danger of militant Communism, and of the necessity for close economic and political cooperation with America and Western Europe;
 "Tolerance, comradeship and unity among all classes."

The Liberal leadership rejected the coalition as one that the Conservatives would control. Labour had recently narrowly won the 1950 general election. The Conservatives without Liberal help won the 1951 general election.

In the 1953 Coronation Honours, he became Viscount Woolton.

In 1956, he was further honoured when he became Earl of Woolton with the subsidiary title Viscount Walberton.

Death
Woolton died 14 December 1964 at his home, Walberton House, in Arundel, Sussex. His titles passed to his son, Roger. He is buried at St Mary's Church, Walberton, Sussex.

Arms

References
Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

 Hammond, R. J. Food, Volume 1: The Growth of Policy (London: HMSO, 1951); Food, Volume 2: Studies in Administration and Control (1956); Food, Volume 3: Studies in Administration and Control (1962) official war history
 Hammond, R. J. Food and agriculture in Britain, 1939–45: Aspects of wartime control (Food, agriculture, and World War II) (1954)

Michael Kandiah & Judith Rowbotham (Editors), The Diaries and Letters of Lord Woolton 1940–1945. Records of Social and Economic History Series, vol. 61. Oxford: University Press for the British Academy, 2020. Hardcover. xxvii+324 p. .

External links

 Catalogue of the papers of Frederick Marquis, Lord Woolton, at the Bodleian Library, Oxford

|-

1883 births
1964 deaths
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK)
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers
Knights Bachelor
Lord Presidents of the Council
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940
Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945
Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
Ministers in the Eden government, 1955–1957
Ministers in the third Churchill government, 1951–1955
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
People from Ordsall
Barons created by George VI
Viscounts created by Elizabeth II
Earls created by Elizabeth II
Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society

Frederick Marquis, 1st Earl of Woolton


The Battle of Reading was fought in 871 at Reading. It was one of a series of battles between invading vikings and the Anglo-Saxons of Wessex. The viking (also called Danish) army was led by Bagsecg and Halfdan Ragnarsson. This was a large combined army. The viking army was attempting to conquer Wessex. The Wessex army was led by king Athelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred. Both the battle and the campaign it was a part of are described in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. This account provides the earliest known written record of the existence of the town of Reading. The Vikings had established a camp at Reading. The camp had several natural defenses. It was protected by the Thames and Kennet rivers on two sides, and by a rampart on the western side. Three days after their arrival, a party of Danes rode out towards nearby Englefield. There they met a West Saxon force under the command of Ealdorman Athelwulf. In the Battle of Englefield many of the Danes were killed, and the rest driven back to Reading. Four days later, Athelwulf was joined by the main West Saxon army, led by King Athelred and his brother, Alfred. The entire Saxon force marched on Reading. In the battle that followed the Vikings defeated the Wessex army and it was driven back. Aethelwulf, the ealdorman, was killed in the fighting.

Related pages
 Great Heathen Army

References

Reading
Anglo-Saxons
Reading 871
871
9th century in England

Battle of Reading (871)


Babla is a village development committee in Achham District in Sudurpashchim Province of western Nepal. According to the 1991 Nepal census it has a population of 2,623 and had 539 houses in the village
The population is entirely Hindu.

In 2001, 1252 people were illiterate, 252 male and 1001 female. In 2001, 805 in Babla were attending school, 459 male and 347 female.

In July 2003 the village was affected by landslides and resulted in an acute shortage of food. The flood displaced twelve families. The Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) was sent in to provide relief materials like food, clothes, utensils and cash. A flood victim in Babla reported to the Kathmandu Post
"Everything including my house has been swept away by the landslides".

References
Neppol Megasite

Populated places in Achham District
Village development committees in Achham District

Babala


Robert Louis Coble (January 22, 1928 – August 27, 1992) was an American ceramic scientist, notable for his discovery of Coble creep, the effect that carries his name, and for his invention of Lucalox.

Coble was a member of the National Academy of Engineering. The National Academy of Engineering said that Coble was "widely recognized for his contributions to the theory of sintering of materials and to ceramic processing".
Coble received Humboldt Research Award in 1984.
The American Ceramic Society established an award in Coble's name: Robert L. Coble Award for Young Scholars.

Biography
Coble was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Bethany College (1950) and received his doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1955). After graduation from MIT, Coble worked as a researcher at the General Electric Research Laboratory. He Joined MIT faculty in 1960, and became a full professor at MIT in 1969. Coble retired in 1988 and died by drowning in 1992.

Coble drowned off the coast of the island of Maui in Hawaii on August 27, 1992.

References

1928 births
1992 deaths
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Bethany College (West Virginia) alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
General Electric people
Accidental deaths in Hawaii
20th-century American engineers

Robert L. Coble


Adolphe Charles Adam (; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer, teacher and music critic. A prolific composer for the theatre, he is best known today for his ballets Giselle (1841) and Le corsaire (1856), his operas Le postillon de Lonjumeau (1836) and Si j'étais roi (1852) and his Christmas carol "Minuit, chrétiens!" (Midnight, Christians, 1844, known in English as "O Holy Night").

Adam was the son of a well-known composer and pianist, but his father did not wish him to pursue a musical career. Adam defied his father, and his many operas and ballets earned him a good living until he lost all his money in 1848 in a disastrous bid to open a new opera house in Paris in competition with the Opéra and Opéra-Comique. He recovered, and extended his activities to journalism and teaching. He was appointed as a professor at the Paris Conservatoire, France's principal music academy.

Together with his older contemporary Daniel Auber and his teacher Adrien Boieldieu, Adam is credited with creating the later Romantic French form of opera.

Life and career

Early years
Adam's father, Louis, 1834|thumb|upright|alt=middle aged, clean-shaven white man with full head of neatly cut white hair
Adam was born in Paris on 24 July 1803, the elder of the two children, both sons, of (Jean) Louis Adam and his third wife, Élisa, née Coste. She was the daughter of a prominent physician, and was a former pupil of her husband, a well-known composer, pianist and professor at the Paris Conservatoire. Louis Adam gave his son lessons, but the boy was reluctant to learn even the basics of musical theory, and instead played fluently by ear:

He later said that he never became a fluent sight-reader of a score. His mother concluded that her son needed a rigorous education, and he was sent to a boarding school, the Hix institute in the Champs-Élysées. It had a high reputation both academically and musically: his elder contemporary (and pupil of Louis Adam) Ferdinand Hérold had been educated there, and the music master was Henry Lemoine, another of Louis' former students. Adolphe was not an academic child, and recalled in his memoirs how he had recoiled from the study of Latin, which he found "barbaric". The fall of the French Empire in 1814–15, and the ensuing economic problems badly affected Louis Adam's income, and to save money his son was sent to a less expensive school. The staff there were capable, but Adam remained as indifferent to musical theory as to Latin.

At the age of 17 Adam enrolled at the Conservatoire, where he studied the organ with François Benoist, counterpoint with Anton Reicha and composition with Adrien Boieldieu. Adam's biographer Elizabeth Forbes calls Boieldieu the chief architect of Adam's musical development. He set his student exercises that taught him to compose sustained melodies without showy modulations and other technical devices. Adam's father did not want his son to become a professional composer: he would have preferred him to pursue a commercial or academic career, and although he gave Adam board and lodging he refused to subsidise any musical activities. By the age of 20 Adam was contributing songs to the Paris vaudeville theatres, writing what he later called "bad romances and worse piano pieces", and giving music lessons.

Duchaume, timpanist and chorus master of the new Théâtre du Gymnase, offered Adam an unpaid post playing the triangle in the orchestra. Adam said that as he would have paid to be allowed to join he was happy to serve without a salary, but he was quickly promoted to a well paid position:

In 1824 Adam entered the Conservatoire's most important musical competition, the . He gained an honourable mention, and the following year, at his second attempt, he won the second prize.  Forbes writes that Adam derived more benefit from helping Boieldieu with the preparation of his opera La Dame blanche, produced at the Opéra-Comique in December 1825. Adam's piano transcriptions of themes from the opera were published in 1826 and made him enough money to tour the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland in summer 1826 with a family friend, Sébastien Guillié. In Geneva he met the librettist Eugène Scribe, with whom he later collaborated on nine stage works.

Early successes

During 1824–1827 Adam wrote or arranged the music for several one-act vaudevilles given at the Gymnase and the Théâtre du Vaudeville, including four written by Scribe as sole or co-author. In late 1827 Scribe provided the text for Adam's first opera, a one-act comic piece, Le Mal du pays, ou La Batelière de Brientz (Homesickness, or the Bargewoman of Brientz), comprising an overture and eleven numbers; it was produced at the Gymnase on 28 December 1827. A little over a year later, in February 1829, Adam's second one-act opera, Pierre et Catherine was given in a double bill at the Opéra-Comique with Auber and Scribe's La Fiancée, and ran for more than 80 performances.

Seven months after the premiere of Pierre et Catherine Adam married Sara Lescot, a member of the chorus at the Vaudeville. Adam's biographer Arthur Pougin describes the marriage as "an important and unfortunate event for him". By Pougin's account, Lescot manoeuvred Adam into marriage, and on his side – and later hers also – it was a loveless union; they separated in 1835. Their only child, Léopold-Adrien, born in 1832, killed himself in 1851.

Adam's first full length operas were premiered in 1829: Le jeune propriétaire et le vieux fermier and Danilowa, opéras comiques given at the Théâtre des Nouveautés and the Opéra-Comique respectively. Danilowa ran well until Parisian life was disrupted by the July Revolution. That, and an outbreak of cholera, led Adam to move to London; this was at the suggestion of his brother-in-law, Pierre François Laporte, manager of the King's Theatre, Haymarket. In 1832 Laporte leased the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, and in October, as an afterpiece to The Merchant of Venice, he presented James Planché's His First Campaign, a "Military Spectacle" about the Duke of Marlborough, with music by Adam. The piece was received with "loud and general plaudits", but The Dark Diamond, a historical melodrama in three acts, which followed on 5 November, failed to repeat its success, and Adam went home to Paris in December. He returned briefly to London when his ballet Faust was presented at the King's Theatre in February and March 1833.

Peak career

In 1834 Adam had one of his greatest popular successes with Le chalet, at the Opéra-Comique. This was a one-act opéra comique with words by Scribe and Mélesville based on Goethe's Jery und Bätely. It was given more than 1000 times in Paris over the next four decades. In May 1836 Adam was appointed as a chevalier of the Legion of Honour, later promoted to officer of the order. His first work for the Paris Opéra was a ballet, La fille du Danube, introduced by Marie Taglioni in September 1836. Within days of the premiere of that piece, his three-act opéra comique Le postillon de Lonjumeau opened successfully at the Opéra-Comique. It was the composer's greatest operatic success internationally, quickly taken up by foreign managements and seen in London in 1837 and New York in 1840.

During 1838 and 1839 Adam composed the music for Les Mohicans, a ballet for the Opéra, and four operas for the Opéra-Comique, and in September 1839 he left Paris for St Petersburg. His ballet for Taglioni, L'Écumeur de mer (The Pirate) was given before the imperial court in February 1840, and two of his operas were staged. He left Russia for Paris at the end of March, stopping off in Berlin, where he wrote an opera-ballet, Die Hamadryaden (The Tree Nymphs), which he conducted at the Court Opera in April 1840.

Adam's next substantial work was the composition by which he has become best known: the ballet Giselle. Based on Heinrich Heine's version of an old tale, the ballet premiered at the Opéra on 28 June 1841 with Carlotta Grisi in the title role. Adam continued his prolific output, including his first grand opera, Richard en Palestine, which was produced at the Opéra in 1844 but aroused little interest. In that year he was elected to membership of the Académie des Beaux-Arts.

Financial disaster

In 1845 François-Louis Crosnier, director of the Opéra-Comique, resigned and was succeeded by Alexandre Basset. Basset soon fell out with Adam and told him that as long as he was director, Adam's works would never be performed at the Opéra-Comique. Early in 1847 a theatre in the Boulevard du Temple became available, and Adam, in partnership with the actor Achille Mirecour, took it over, rechristening it the Opéra-National. The cost of refurbishing the theatre was enormous, and in addition to investing his own money, Adam raised large sums in loans. The new opera house opened in November 1847, but from the outset its prospects looked doubtful. Financial and artistic performance alike were poor, and the 1848 Revolution was the final blow to the enterprise. The theatres were closed by the incoming régime, and when they were permitted to re-open, there was little demand for tickets at Adam's opera house, which closed on 28 March 1848, after the production of nine operas during its four months of existence, leaving him financially ruined.

Adam assigned the royalties from his earlier works to help pay off his debts, and like many other French composers in need of money he turned to journalism to earn extra income. He contributed reviews and articles to Le Constitutionnel and the Assemblée nationale. He also became a teacher, accepting the post of professor of composition at the Conservatoire, where his students included Léo Delibes. Meanwhile, Basset having left the Opéra-Comique at the time of the revolution, Adam was able to return to what Forbes calls his spiritual home under its new director, Émile Perrin.

Last years

In July 1850 Giralda, ou La nouvelle psyché – one of Adam's best operas in Forbes's view – was given at the Opéra-Comique. In 1851 his estranged wife died, and Adam married the singer Chérie-Louise Couraud (1817–1880), with whom he lived for his remaining years. For the Théâtre-Lyrique, the revived incarnation of his failed Opéra-National, Adam wrote the successful Si j'étais roi, first given in September 1852. In that year he produced six new works, enabling him to clear all his debts.

During the last three years of his life Adam continued to compose prolifically. His late works include what Forbes rates as one of his finest ballets, Le Corsaire, based on a poem by Byron; it was presented at the Opéra in January 1856, after a year's preparation. His final stage work, the one-act opérette Les Pantins de Violette (Violette's Puppets) was given at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens on 29 April 1856. Four nights later Adam died in his sleep, at the age of 52. He was buried in the Montmartre Cemetery.

Works

In Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Forbes writes that much of Adam's prolific output was ephemeral. This includes the many popular numbers he wrote for vaudevilles in his early years, a large number of piano arrangements, transcriptions and potpourris of favourite operatic arias, and numerous light songs and ballads. Nonetheless, "there remain several operas and ballets that are not merely delightful examples of their kind, but are also scores full of genuine inspiration". In this category Forbes includes Le chalet (which incorporates music from the cantata he wrote for the 1825 Prix de Rome competition) which she ranks with Adam's best works for its freshness of invention. For the musicologist Theodore Baker, Adam ranks with Auber and Boieldieu as one of the creators of French opera, thanks to the expressive power of his melodic material and his keen sense of dramatic development.
thumb|upright=1.25|left|Le postillon de Lonjumeau, 1836|alt=stage scene with men in 18th-century costumes milling about, in outdoor setting
In France, during Adam's lifetime and beyond, Le chalet was his most popular opera. In other countries the favourite was Le postillon de Lonjumeau. In Germany in particular the opera was celebrated for its tenor aria "Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire" (given in translation as "Freunde, vernehmet die Geschichte"), with its demanding high D. Grove comments that the opera has distinctive and well characterised roles and a sense of theatre, found in all Adam's operas. Of the later operas, Grove singles out Giralda and Si j'étais roi as "the most stylish, tuneful and accomplished".

Although he was a prolific composer of opera, Adam wrote ballet music even more fluently. He commented that it was fun, rather than work. Giselle is the best known; Baker calls it a major work in the history of choreography, which continues to be performed with the same success. Forbes comments that although Giselle has the advantage of a particularly memorable plot, La jolie fille de Gand, La filleule des fées and Le corsaire are of equal quality musically.

Little of Adam's religious music has entered the regular repertory, with the exception of his Cantique de Noël, "Minuit, chrétiens!", known in English as "O Holy Night".

Adam's memoirs were published posthumously, in two volumes: Souvenirs d'un musicien (1857) and Derniers souvenirs d'un musicien (1859).

Notes, references and sources

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Creative Flute free sheet music by Adolphe Adam

 Adolphe Adam's works at the Mutopia Project
Works of Adolphe Charles Adam at the National Digital Library of Portugal

1803 births
1856 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century French composers
19th-century French people
19th-century French male musicians
French Romantic composers
French ballet composers
French opera composers
French male classical composers
French music educators
Male opera composers
Composers from Paris
Prix de Rome for composition
Academic staff of the Conservatoire de Paris
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
Pupils of Anton Reicha
Pupils of François Benoist

Adolphe Adam


A bridezilla is a bride whose behavior is seen as demanding or unreasonable. The word comes from bride + -zilla.
 Bridezillas, a reality show which airs on the WE: Women's Entertainment network
 Bridezilla (band), an Australian indie rock band
 Bridezilla (EP), a 2007 recording by the band Bridezilla
 Bridezilla (film), a 2019 comedy-drama

Bridezilla


Muhibbe Darga (13 June 1921 – 6 March 2018) was a Turkish archaeologist. She was the granddaughter of Darugazade Mehmet Emin Bey, Sultan Abdülhamid's first chamberlain, the poet and translator of Jules Verne's novels from French into Turkish.

Darga was born in Istanbul in June 1921 and was brought up by French governesses. She studied in Paris and Istanbul. Her father was a doctor and because of her father's professional obligations, she traveled through Anatolia in the 1930s with her family. Roman and Greek history, debates on art and literature were the staple fair at the dinner table of this intellectual family of the late Ottoman era. Moreover, the family celebrated all religious rituals of the city like Christmas, Easter, Ramadan and sacrificial festivals, organizing fancy dress parties.

Darge attended Istanbul University's Hittitology Department at the beginning of the 1940s. She would meet many notables of Archeology at this faculty, founded by Prof. Helmuth Theodor Bossert who fled from Germany to Turkey. Her enthusiasm and extravert personality, excellence in French and German and of course passion for Archeology drew attention.

After Prof Bossert discovered Karatape, a very important excavation site from Hittite era, Darga accompanied him in late 40s. She learned a lot from her tutor on the significance of history and archeology, and the Turkey of those days, during their travels and investigations on horseback. After her researches on Archeology in Germany and France, Darga concentrated on philology and then attained her professorship. In her book Woman in Anatolia, she indicated the status of women in this land and in her Hittite Art; she drew the attention of not only intellectuals but also the general public.

After attending several excavations, at the very end of the 1970s, she started to preside over the Şemsiyetepe historical site in the southeast of Turkey, which is now under water after a regional dam construction. After a decade of excavation efforts in Şemsiyetepe, just near the river Euphrates, she commenced Dorylaion, a Phrygian-Hittite settlement located in Eskişehir, Central Anatolia. She gave many lectures in Turkey and abroad. Presently the President of the Dorylaion excavations, She was also an honorary member of Turkish Antiquities' Sciences Institute and reporting member of the German Archeological Institute. She died in March 2018 at the age of 96 in Istanbul.

References
The Lad(y)of Archaeology, Muhibbe Darga,  a biography  by Emine Caykara based on interviews. 2002, 2007.

1921 births
2018 deaths
Erenköy Girls High School alumni
Istanbul University alumni
Archaeologists from Istanbul
Turkish women archaeologists
Turkish expatriates in France

Muhibbe Darga