Trentabank Reservoir is  within Macclesfield Forest, partly in the Peak District National Park, in England, and is home to rich unimproved uplands and grasslands. The reservoir is surrounded mainly by coniferous plantations and is also home to about 22 pairs of herons. The Peak District Boundary Walk runs past the reservoir.

Water supply
Trentabank is the uppermost of four reservoirs that collect water from the hills at the head of the River Bollin, and water from Trentabank and Ridgegate supplies Macclesfield with the town's drinking water. The other two reservoirs are Bottoms and Teggsnose Reservoirs.

Nature reserve
Trentabank Reservoir Nature Reserve is a  nature reserve within Macclesfield Forest, consisting of the reservoir itself along with a small area of the surrounding conifer plantations; it is managed by the Cheshire Wildlife Trust.

On the doorstep of the Peak District, the reservoir (as well as the surrounding woodland) is owned by United Utilities and supplies the town of Macclesfield with drinking water. Although a working environment, the area is a haven for wildlife. Perhaps best known for its heronry (thought to be the largest in the Peak District, with over 20 breeding pairs), the reserve is also home to ravens and birds of prey. Red deer are shy residents of the forest but can often be seen drinking from the reservoir in early morning.  Changing water levels occasionally expose the reservoir banks, which become a popular feeding ground for small wading birds, including common sandpipers, green sandpipers and little ringed plovers. Flocks of crossbills are regularly seen feeding in the treetops, and winter visitors include goldeneyes and goosanders.

Statistics
The reservoir consists of  within Macclesfield Forest.

References

External links

 Cheshire Wildlife Trust: Trentabank Reservoir
 A circular walk from Trentabank Reservoir

Reservoirs of the Peak District
Lakes and reservoirs of Cheshire
Nature reserves in Cheshire
Reservoirs in Cheshire

Trentabank Reservoir


The Rudolph Pretzinger House is a historic residence in southern Dayton, Ohio, United States.  Constructed in the late nineteenth century for a prominent local pharmacist, it now abuts a city hospital, but it has been named a historic site.

History
Born in 1847, Rudolph Pretzinger emigrated to the United States with his parents at the age of seven and settled in Dayton.  The death of his father in 1863 prompted him to undertake man's work, whereupon he earned a pharmacy degree and began a career that culminated in his ownership of a prominent downtown drugstore, a position in which he remained until his 1909 death.  Pretzinger's American-born younger brother Albert, one of Dayton's leading architects, designed the house, which was completed in 1889.  The property was the focus of a tax lawsuit in 1900: having paid his share of the cost of paving Wyoming Street along his property in 1894, Pretzinger refused to pay for the cost of a sidewalk on the property's Main Street side in 1896, based on his interpretation of an Ohio law forbidding repeated taxation of a property for street improvements within a five-year period.  While the Montgomery County court ruled in his favor, the case was reversed on appeal to the circuit court, but Pretzinger was ultimately victorious on appeal to the Supreme Court.  Following Pretzinger's death, the property remained the home of his widow.

Architecture
Pretzinger's house is two and a half stories tall, with access through an arched doorway in the center of the facade; although the southern side is longer than the facade, it is pierced by only four windows and no doorways, versus five and one in the facade.  A hip roof covers the house, interrupted at points by small gables with miniature Palladian windows.  The northwestern corner of the house is a three-story tower with windows on each story, topped with a conical roof.  Limestone was used to construct the foundation and for other exterior elements, and the walls are brick and the roof asphalt.  Together, these elements lend the house a Queen Anne appearance.

Historic site
In 1979, the Rudolph Pretzinger House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture.  While the house remains at the intersection of Main and Apple Streets, as it was during Pretzinger's lifetime, the property no longer extends south to Wyoming; most of his land is now the site of Miami Valley Hospital.  Two other National Register-listed locations lie within a few minutes' walk: the former Eagles Building to the north, and the exposition hall at the county fairgrounds across the street to the southwest.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dayton, Ohio

References

Houses completed in 1889
Houses in Dayton, Ohio
National Register of Historic Places in Montgomery County, Ohio
Queen Anne architecture in Ohio

Rudolph Pretzinger House


William James Clappison (born 14 September 1956), commonly known as James Clappison, is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He serves as Vice Chairman of the Conservative Friends of Israel group.

Personal life
The son of a Yorkshire farmer, Clappison was born in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire and educated at the independent St Peter's School, York, before attending The Queen's College, Oxford where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics in 1978. While at Oxford he was a member of the Oxford University Conservative Association and was elected to the presidency of the Junior Common Room of his college. In 1981 he was called to the Bar from Gray's Inn and has been a practising barrister since then.

Clappison married Helen Margherita Carter in July 1984 in Leeds and they have a son (born in March 1987) and three daughters (born April 1985, August 1989 and April 1995).

Parliamentary career
He contested the safe Labour parliamentary seat of Barnsley East at the 1987 general election where he came second, some 23,511 votes behind Terry Patchett. He also contested the Yorkshire South European Parliament seat at the Euro elections of 1989. He was selected to fight the May 1990 Bootle by-election following the death of Allan Roberts. He was defeated by Mike Carr by 23,517 votes. Carr served as the Labour MP for Bootle for just 57 days before he died of a heart attack on 20 July 1990. Clappison contested Bootle again at the November by-election where he was defeated heavily once more by the new Labour candidate Joe Benton to the tune of 19,465 votes. He was rewarded for his efforts by securing the nomination for the safe Conservative seat of Hertsmere, which became vacant on the retirement of Cecil Parkinson. James Clappison was safely elected at the 1992 general election with a majority of 18,735. He made his maiden speech on 19 May 1992, during which he spoke of the organised crimes and anti-Semitism against his Jewish constituents.

On his election he became the Parliamentary Private Secretary to Emily Blatch at the Department of Education, and from 1994 at the Home Office. He was promoted to government by John Major in 1995 as the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department for the Environment until the defeat of the Major government at the 1997 general election. After the 1997 general election, Clappison served as a Shadow Home Office Minister, before being moved to Education and Employment by William Hague in 1999 and then to be a Shadow Treasury Minister in 2000. Under the leadership of Iain Duncan Smith he was a Shadow Work and Pensions Minister until he left the frontbench in 2002. He served as a member of the Home Affairs Select committee afterwards. He was Shadow Work and Pensions Minister again until the 2010 general election.

During the Parliamentary expenses scandal in 2009, Clappison was criticised for claiming over £100,000 in expenses on a second home whilst owning 24 properties in total, though only £38.50 of this was found to have been improperly claimed, which he claimed was an "honest mistake"

In 2014, Clappison announced that he would be standing down as an MP in 2015.

References

External links
 Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle: James Clappison MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com - James Clappison MP
 The Public Whip - James Clappison MP voting record
 BBC News - James Clappison  profile 10 February 2005

News items
 Arguing with David Miliband over the Reform Treaty in October 2007

1956 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
People educated at St Peter's School, York
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford

James Clappison


Guillermo "Willy" Oddó Parraguez (October 14, 1943 – November 7, 1991) was a
Chilean musician and engineer known as a leading vocalist in the Chilean folk music ensemble, Quilapayún between 1967 and 1987.

Biography
He was born in Chile and studied at the State Technical University in Santiago de Chile, where he participated in the musical "peñas" and other cultural and student activities together with Hernan Gomez. He spent some time at the Naval Academy, where he showed an aptitude for playing football. He joined Quilapayún in 1967 to replace Julio Numhauser (who left the group) and he rapidly become the most distinctive and loved member of the musical ensemble.

Oddó was Quilapayun's baritenor and played guitar, winds, percussion and was central on stage during live performances. He was the solo vocal on a number of songs, including Canto a la Pampa and Mamma mia dame cento lire of the X Vietnam album, La Carta from the Basta album, Soy obrero pampino... of the Cantata Santa María de Iquique, and Pido Castigo. He was a lover of Argentine folk music (especially of tangos and zambas) and a great fan of Carlos Gardel and Los Fronterizos.

Oddó was on tour in France as part of Quilapayun when on September 11, 1973 a US-backed military coup
overthrew the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende – who had appointed the group the role of "cultural ambassadors". Oddó, along with the other members of Quilapayun, remained in exile until 1988 when the Pinochet dictatorship began to lift some of the controls it had on its political opponents. In 1987 Oddo went to work in Argentina and in 1988 he returned to his native country of Chile and worked at the Municipality of Santiago until November 7, 1991, when he was assassinated in a night-time incident.

Discography

Studio albums
Canciones folklóricas de América (1967) (Quilapayún & Víctor Jara)
X Vietnam (1968)
Quilapayún Tres (1968)
Basta (1969)
Quilapayún Cuatro (1970)
Cantata Santa María de Iquique (1970) (Quilapayún & Héctor Duvauchelle)
Vivir como él (1971)
Quilapayún Cinco (1972)
La Fragua (1973) (Text and music by Sergio Ortega)
El pueblo unido jamás será vencido (Yhtenäistä Kansaa Ei Voi) (1974)
El Pueblo Unido Jamás Será Vencido (1975)
Adelante (1975)
Patria (1976)
La marche et le drapeau (1977)
Cantata Santa María de Iquique (Nueva versión) (1978) (Quilapayún & Jean-Louis Barrault)
Umbral (1979)
Darle al otoño un golpe de ventana... (1980)
La revolución y las estrellas (1982)
Tralalí Tralalá (1984)
Survarío (1987)

Live albums
Enregistrement public (1977)
Alentours (1980)
Quilapayún en Argentina (1983) (Live in Argentina)
Quilapayún en Argentina Vol II (1985) (Live in Argentina Vol. II)
Quilapayún en Chile (1989) (Live in Chile)

Compilations
Quilapayún Chante Neruda (1983)
Antología 1968–1992 (1998)
La vida contra la muerte (Life against death) (2005)
La fuerza de la historia (The force of history) (2006)

References

External links

El rojo amanecer de Willy Oddo

 Quilapayún Website

1943 births
1991 deaths
Anti-fascists
Assassinated Chilean people
Chilean communists
Chilean folk singers
Chilean male guitarists
Chilean people of Italian descent
Nueva canción musicians
20th-century Chilean male singers
20th-century guitarists

Guillermo "Willy" Oddó


The Battle of Buxar was fought between 22 and 23 October 1764, between the forces under the command of the British East India Company, led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Balwant Singh, Raja of Benaras; Mir Qasim, Nawab of Bengal till 1764; the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daula; and the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II. The battle was fought at Buxar, a "strong fortified town" within the territory of Bihar, located on the banks of the Gangas river about  west of Patna; it was a challenging victory for the British East India Company. The war was brought to an end by the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. The defeated Indian rulers were forced to sign this treaty, granting the East India Company diwani rights, which allowed them to collect revenue from the territories of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa on behalf of the Mughal emperor. This gave the company immense economic control, enabling them to pass financial policies to exploit the resources of the region for their own benefit.

Battle
The British engaged in the fighting numbered 17,072 comprising 1,859 British regulars, 5,297 Indian sepoys and 9,189 Indian cavalry. The alliance army's numbers were estimated to be over 40,000. According to other sources, the combined army of the Mughals, Awadh and Mir Qasim consisting of 10,000 men was defeated by a British army comprising 7,000 men. The Nawabs had gained their military power after the battle of Buxar.

The lack of basic co-ordination among the major three disparate allies was responsible for their decisive defeat.

Mirza Najaf Khan commanded the right flank of the Mughal imperial army and was the first to advance his forces against Major Hector Munro at daybreak; the British lines formed within twenty minutes and reversed the advance of the Mughals. According to the British, Durrani and Rohilla cavalry were also present and fought during the battle in various skirmishes. But by midday, the battle was over and Shuja-ud-Daula blew up large tumbrils and three massive magazines of gunpowder.

Munro divided his army into various columns and particularly pursued the Mughal Grand Vizier Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh who responded by blowing up his boat-bridge after crossing the river, thus abandoning the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and members of his own regiment. Mir Qasim also fled with his 3 million rupees worth of gemstones and later died in poverty in 1777. Mirza Najaf Khan reorganised formations around Shah Alam II, who retreated and then chose to negotiate with the victorious British.

The historian John William Fortescue claimed that the British casualties totalled 847: 39 killed and 64 wounded from the European regiments and 250 killed, 435 wounded and 85 missing from the East India Company's sepoys. He also claimed that the three Indian allies suffered 2,000 dead and that many more were wounded. Another source says that there were 69 European and 664 sepoy casualties on the British side and 6,000 casualties on the Mughal side. The victors captured 133 pieces of artillery and over 1 million rupees of cash. Immediately after the battle, Munro decided to assist the Marathas, who were described as a "warlike race", well known for their relentless and unwavering hatred towards the Mughal Empire and its Nawabs and Mysore.

According to one brigadier-general H. Biddulph, "the European infantry was composed of the Bengal European Battalion, two weak companies of the Bombay European Battalion, and small detachments of Marines and of H.M. 84th, 89th and 96th Regiments. The only officers killed were Lt. Francis Spilsbury of the 96th Foot and Ensign Richard Thompson of the Bengal European Battalion."

Aftermath
The Battle of Buxar had far-reaching consequences that reshaped the political landscape of colonial India. Its aftermath witnessed significant shifts in power dynamics and set the stage for British dominance in the region. Following their victory over the combined forces of the Nawab of Bengal, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor—the three main scions—the British East India Company emerged as the preeminent power in northern India. The battle effectively marked the beginning of end of the Mughal Empire's political influence, as the Company continued to consolidate its influence over vast territories. However, this rise to power came with various challenges, especially from the zamindars of Bihar.

Mir Qasim disappeared into impoverished obscurity. Shah Alam II surrendered himself to the British, and Shuja-ud-Daula fled west hotly pursued by the victors. The whole Ganges valley lay at the company's mercy; Shuja-ud-Daula eventually surrendered. In 1765, the British East India Company was granted the right to collect taxes from Bengal-Bihar. Eventually, in 1772, the East India company abolished local rule and took complete control of the province of Bengal-Bihar. The battle exposed the inherent weaknesses and divisions among the Indian rulers. The lack of unity and coordination between the Nawabs and the Mughal Emperor made it easier for the British to overpower them. This further exacerbated the fragmentation of political power in India and paved the way for British imperialism.

Moreover, the Battle of Buxar and its aftermath fuelled resentment and resistance among the Indian population. The oppressive policies and economic exploitation of the East India Company led to numerous uprisings and rebellions in the subsequent decades, most notably the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. These revolts were fuelled by the growing discontent over British rule and their exploitative practices. The Battle of Buxar had profound consequences for colonial India. It solidified British dominance in the region, eroded the authority of the Indian rulers, and sowed the seeds of future rebellions. The battle and its aftermath played a pivotal role in shaping the course of Indian history, setting the stage for nearly two centuries of British rule.

Gallery

See also
 Battle of Plassey
 Treaty of Allahabad, 1765
 The Sepoy Mutiny of 1857

References

British East India Company
Battles involving the Mughal Empire
Battles involving the Indian kingdoms
Battles involving Bengal
Battles involving the British East India Company
1764 in India
Conflicts in 1764
History of Bihar
1764 in the Mughal Empire

Battle of Buxar


The Atlantis Quartet is a musical group established in 2006 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

History
The Atlantis Quartet was formed in the Twin Cities, Minnesota, after guitarist Zacc Harris moved from Southern Illinois to Minneapolis in 2005 and met drummer Pete Hennnig while playing in an R&B band led by John Starkey. After working briefly as a quintet with a pianist, the group solidified their lineup with reed player Brandon Wozniak and bassist Chris Bates (who replaced Travis Schilling in 2008). They performed regularly at the Artists' Quarter and Clown Lounge, toured throughout the midwest (including gigs at The Jazz Showcase and The Dakota), and performed at the Twin Cities Jazz Festival, the Iowa City Jazz Festival, as well as three clubs  (L.I.C. Bar, Puppets Jazz Bar, and Miles Cafe) in New York City in 2011. Atlantis Quartet self-released three albums, followed by two more on the Shifting Paradigm record label. The group recorded a live performance at Icehouse in Minneapolis on November 24, 2014 for a planned future release. Although their records have focused on original compositions by all four members, from 2008 to 2011 the quartet performed annual Halloween shows in which they interpreted other artists' albums, including The Bridge, Head Hunters, A Love Supreme, and Houses of the Holy.

Style and reception
On Atlantis Quartet's debut album, Again, Too Soon, All About Jazz reported that they "create an aura of musical textures that sound as fresh and relevant as they did in Miles Davis' heyday" and while "they're all talented songwriters, attacking their compositions with utmost earnestness...they sound as if they're just having fun." In a review of their second album, Animal Progress, JazzTimes critic Bill Milkowski called the Atlantis Quartet "modern jazz renegades" who "shift nimbly from a punk-jazz aesthetic to ECM-ish sensitivity." Regarding the same album, City Pages writer Rick Mason described "a signature Atlantis sound that taps historic elements like swing, bop, and free jazz while referencing contemporary bits of funk, rock, and world music, then rolls it all into a cohesive bundle of kinetic energy with the visceral allure of intense fireworks and the intellectual challenge of multilayered complexity." Of their fourth album, Expansion, MPR's David Cazares wrote that they "deliver rapid-fire licks in complex rhythms and changing tempos, much like the best jazz-rock ensembles of the 1970s."

Awards
McKnight Fellowship for Performing Musicians, 2015
Star Tribune, Best of Minnesota, 2012
City Pages, Best Jazz Artist in Minnesota, 2011
City Pages, Top 10 Minnesota Albums, 2011
Minnesota Emerging Composers Award, 2010 (Pete Hennig)

Discography
Hello Human (Shifting Paradigm, 2018)
x (Shifting Paradigm, 2016) digital-only release of complete recordings 2006-2016
Expansion (Shifting Paradigm, 2013)
Lines in the Sand (2011) recorded live at the Artists' Quarter
Animal Progress (2009)
Again, Too Soon (2007)

References

External links
Atlantis Quartet performs in The Current studio

American musical quartets
American jazz ensembles from Minnesota
Musical groups from Minnesota
Musical groups from the Twin Cities
Musical groups established in 2006

Atlantis Quartet


David Adika is an Israeli photographer and educator.

Biography
David Adika (דוד עדיקא) was born in Jerusalem in 1970. He lives and works in Tel Aviv. Adika graduated from Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in 1997, receiving BFA. He received MFA in 2004, graduating from joint educational program of Bezalel Academy of Art and Design and Hebrew University Advanced Studies Program. He was appointed head of photography department of Bezalel Academy of Art and Design in January 2018.

Academic roles
 1999–present: Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem. Professor.
 2004–present: Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Ramat Gan. Professor
 2010–present: School of the Arts Campus Arison, Tel Aviv. Head of the Visual Arts Department.
 2018–present: Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem. Head of Department of Photography.

Exhibitions

Solo
 2016 Table studies - Museo Morandi, Bologna.
 2014 As In Water Face Reflects Face - Latvian National Museum of Art, Riga.
 2013 As In Water Face Reflects Face - The Open Lens Gallery, Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv
 2012 Equator - The Open Lens Gallery, The Gershman Y, University of the Arts, Philadelphia [Curator: Jordan Rockford]
 2011 Oululu - East Central Gallery, London
 2010 Living Room - Helena Rubinstein Pavilion, Tel Aviv Museum of Art [Curator: Hadas Maor]
 2009 Every Monkey is a Gazelle in Its Mother's Eyes - Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv (Artist Book)
 2007 Come Thou Beauty - 3 solo shows, The Art Gallery, University of Haifa [Curator: Ruti Direktor]
 2006 Fix ('Tikkun') - Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv
 2006 After Winter Must Come Spring - Q! Gallery, Glasgow International Festival of Contemporary Visual Art [Curator: Rancis McKee]
 2005 In–Out - Ashdod Museum of Art, Monart Center [Curator: Yona Fischer]
 2004 Multi-Function - Graduation Show, Bezalel Gallery, Tel Aviv
 2004 Will It Shine - Kav 16 Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Galia Yahav]
 2004 Works - Neta Eshel – House for Art, Caesarea (with Gal Weinstein)
 2003 Mahogany - Herzliya Museum of Contemporary Art, Herzliya [Curator: Dalia Levin]
 2002 Mother Tongue/Portraits - Hagar Gallery, Jaffa [Curator: Tal Ben-Zvi]
 2002 Sacker Garden - Oranim Gallery, Tivon (with Eli Petel) [Curator: David Wakstein]
 2001 Lifestyle - Borochov Gallery, Tel Aviv; in collaboration with the Photography Department Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem [Curator: Sharon Yaari]

Group

1998
 To the East -Orientalism in the Arts in Israel - Israel Museum, Jerusalem [Curators: Yigal Zalmona, Tamar Manor-Friedman]

2003
 Tel Aviv-Glasgow-Tel Aviv - Bezalel Gallery, Tel Aviv, in cooperation with GSA (Glasgow School of Arts) [Curator: Nachum Tevet]
 Mother Tongue - Museum of Art, Ein Harod [Curator: Tal Ben-Zvi]
 Matter of Taste - The Israel Museum, Jerusalem [Curator: Hagit Allon]

2004
 Alphabet - Israelisk Samtidskonst, Kristinehamns Konstmuseum, Sweden [Curator: Tali Cederbaum]
 Lets Food - Bat Yam Museum of Art, Bat Yam
 Omanut Haaretz - (Art of the Land) Festival, Tel Aviv [Curator: Ruti Director]
 Animal, Vegetable, Mineral - Bezalel Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Nachum Tevet]
 Pets - Time for Art – Center for Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv [Curator: Tali Cederbaum]
 In Days Gone By, At this Time - Rubin Museum, Tel Aviv [Curator: Carmela Rubin, Shira Naftali]
 The Scream 2 - Homage Exhibition to Edvard Munch's "The Scream", Kav 16 Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Galia Yahav]

2005
 Prizes in Art and Design from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport - 2004, Tel Aviv Museum of Art [Curator: Ellen Ginton]
 Artic 7 - Recipients of the Sharett scholarship for Young Israeli Artists, The Museum of Israeli Art, Ramat Gan
 Yona at Bezalel - Issues in Contemporary Curating, Bezalel Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curators: Sarit Shapira, Sandra Weill]
 Reunion - Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Yani Shapira]

2006
 3rd Generation - Photography in Estate of Identity Crises, Minshar Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Yair Barak]
 Present Now, Omanut Haaretz Festival - Reading Power Station, Tel Aviv [Curator: Tal Ben-Zvi]
 Incorrigible Young & Restless Romantics, Noga Gallery of Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv [Curator: Jossef Krispel]
 El Hama'ayan - The Yarkon Stream as a Cross-Section in the Israeli Metropolis, Tel Aviv Museum of Art [Curators: Meira Yagid Haimovici, Nathalie Kertesz, Ze'ev Maor]

2007
 Through the Object - The Open Museum of Photography, Tel Hai Industrial Park [Curator: Naama Haikin]
 Somewhere Better Than this Place - Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Sally Haftel Naveh]
 The Rear - The 1st Herzliya Biennial of Contemporary Art, Herzliya [Curator: Joshua Simon]
 New Acquisitions - Haifa Museum of Contemporary Art, Haifa [Curator: Tami Katz-Freiman]

2008
 Territoires - The 6th Biennale of International Photography, Liege - Belgium [Curator: Dorothee Luczak]

2009
 Watermelons - Rubin Museum, Tel Aviv [Curator: Carmela Rubin, Shira Naftali]
 David and the Girls - POV Festival of Contemporary Photography, Tel Aviv [Curator: David Adika]
 4 Openings in Israeli Art - Salame Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Ruti Direktor]
 Faces: Inside and Out - Eretz Israel Museum, Tel Aviv [Curators: Danna Taggar Heller]
 Maximalism - Avni Institute - Tel Aviv [Curator: Aline Alagem]
 Solace - Inga Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: David Adika]
 Tel Aviv Time, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv [Curator: Nili Goren]

2010
 Looking In, Looking Out - The Window in Art, Israel Museum, Jerusalem [Curator: Hagit Allon]
 Memoria Technica - eastcentral gallery, London [Curator: Adi Gura]
 Stop Making Sense - Oslo Fine Art Society [Curator: Marianne Hultman]
 Shelf Life - Haifa Museum of Art [Curators: Tami Katz-Freiman, Rotem Ruff]
 With This Ring - Beth Hatefutsoth, Tel Aviv [Curator: Raz Samira]
 True Colors  - Soho Gallery, London. The Cube Gallery, Manchester [Curator: Daniel Cahana Levinson]

2011
 Jerusalem Beach - The Artists' Studios - Art Cube Gallery, Jerusalem [Curator: Iris Mendel]
 Nimrod's Descendants - Jerusalem Artists' House Gallery, Jerusalem [Curator: Gideon Ofrat]

2012
 The Winners - The Minister of Culture Award for Fine-Art Artist, Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport, Jerusalem.  Petach-Tikava museum of Contemporary Art  [Curator: Naomi Aviv]
 Making Room, Contemporary Israeli Photography, From the Museum Collection - Tel Aviv Museum Of Art, [Curator: Nili Goren]
 Archive  - Fresh Paint Art Fair, Special Project [Curator: Iris Rivkind]

2013
 Lot's Wife - The Photographic Gaze, The Open Museum of Photography [Curator: Naama Haikin]
 Curator - Yona Fischer, Beginnings of Collection, Ashdod Museum of Art, Monart Center [Curators: Yuval Beaton, Roni Cohen-Binyamini]
 Human Nature - Braverman Gallery, Tel Aviv [Curator: Adi Gura]
 Night Stamp - "Beit Ha'ir museum", Tel Aviv [Curator: Claudette Zoree, Ayelet Bitan Shlonski]

2017
 Regarding Africa: Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism. Tel Aviv Art Museum.

Scholarships and awards

 The Minister of Culture Award for Fine Art Artist, Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport, Jerusalem, 2011
 The Jack Nailor Award for Photography, Haifa Film Festival, 2011
 Sharet Scholarship, America-Israel Cultural Foundation, 2005
 Young Artist Award, Ministry of Science, Culture and Sport, Jerusalem, 2004
 P.S.S. Pilot Summer School, Glasgow School of Arts, Scotland Foreign Ministry and British Council, 2003
 Dean's Award, yearly scholarship, Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, Jerusalem, 1996
 Dean's Award, yearly scholarship, Bezalel Academy of Art and Design, JerusalemMulti-Function, Graduation, 1995

References

External links
David Adika

Israeli photographers
Living people
Israeli educators
Artists from Jerusalem
1970 births
Israeli LGBT photographers
21st-century Israeli LGBT people

David Adika


Philip Steven Corbet  (21 May 1929 – 13 February 2008) was a British entomologist whose work focused largely on aquatic insects and dragonflies. He co-authored and authored several books on the subject, which established him as a world expert on the order Odonata. He is also noted for his interest in biological controls as a substitute for synthetic pesticides in agriculture.

Biography
Born in Kuala Lumpur, where his father Alexander Steven Corbet was a microbiologist at the Rubber Research Institute, Corbet was educated at Nelson College in New Zealand from 1940 to 1945 and then for a year at Dauntsey's School in Wiltshire. He went on to study zoology at the University of Reading before completing his doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge in 1953.

Corbet was employed as an entomologist and zoologist by the East African High Commission in Uganda between 1954 and 1962. Initially he worked at the East African Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization in Jinja and then, from 1957, at the East African Virus Research Institute at Entebbe.  He then moved to Canada where he worked at the Entomology Research Institute in Ottawa, before becoming director of the Canada Department of Agriculture Research Institute at Belleville, Ontario, in 1967. Four years later he was appointed professor of biology at the University of Waterloo. In 1974 he returned to New Zealand, taking up the position of professor and director of the Joint Centre for Environmental Science at the University of Canterbury and Lincoln Agricultural College.  In 1978 he became chair of the zoology department at the University of Canterbury, and two years later he was appointed professor of zoology at the University of Dundee, where he remained until his retirement in 1990.

Corbet continued to conduct entomological research at the University of Edinburgh, where he appointed an honorary professor in 1996.  The same year he retired to Cornwall, where he continued writing and served on the Cornwall Wildlife Trust.  He died at Truro following a heart attack in 2008.

In Canada, Corbet investigated methods of pest suppression that reduced or eliminated the need for synthetic chemical pesticides, and led the team that suppressed the populations of biting insects that threatened Expo 67 in Montreal. Corbet authored or co-authored numerous publications, including the books Dragonflies: behaviour and ecology of Odonata (1960, expanded and updated in 1999) and A Biology of Dragonflies (1962).

References

External links
  Agrion: Newsletter of the Worldwide Dragonfly Association  Special edition in memory of Philip Steven Corbet May, 2008.

1929 births
2008 deaths
People from Kuala Lumpur
People educated at Nelson College
People educated at Dauntsey's School
Alumni of the University of Reading
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
British entomologists
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Academic staff of the University of Canterbury
Academic staff of Lincoln University (New Zealand)
Academics of the University of Dundee
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
New Naturalist writers
20th-century British zoologists
Presidents of the Entomological Society of Canada

Philip S. Corbet


Alexander Rowe (born 8 July 1992) is an Australian track and field athlete specialising in the 800 meters who has competed in the World Championships.

Records and rankings
Rowe is a one-time gold medalist and a two-time silver medalist in the 800 metres in the Australian National Track & Field Championships. He is also a two-time gold medalist and a one-time silver medalist in the Australian Junior National Track & Field Championships also in the 800 metres. He shares the best Australian time in the 800 meters with Ralph Doubell.

Competitions

Youth World Championships
Rowe has competed in one World Youth Championships (2009). He competed in the 800 meters and made the final and finished 5th in a time of 1:52.13.

Senior World Championships
Rowe was selected  to compete in the 2013 World Championships in Moscow in the 800 meters. He finished 5th in heat six in a time of 1:45.92. His performance qualified him for the semi-final and he competed in semi-final one. He finished 6th and did not qualify him for the final. This was the end of Rowe's competition, however his time of 1:45.80 saw him finish 13th overall in the competition. This was the best result for an Australian in the 800m at a World Championships in its history.

In 2014 Rowe was selected to compete in the Glasgow Commonwealth Games, however he never made it to the track, being forced out with a hamstring strain just days before competition.

Statistics

Personal bests

Progression

Achievements

References

1992 births
Living people
Athletes from Melbourne
Australian male middle-distance runners
World Athletics Championships athletes for Australia
Sportsmen from Victoria (state)

Alexander Rowe (runner)


SS Hispania was a Swedish  triple-expansion engine steamer built in Belgium in 1912. She sank in the Sound of Mull on 18 December 1954 after striking a rock.

Career
Hispania was built by the Antwerp Engineering Co Ltd, Hoboken, Antwerp, Belgium. She was yard number 59. Hispania was launched in 1912 and completed in December of that year. She was owned by Svenska Lloyd AB. Hispania was managed by a number of different managers, including H Metcalft, followed by K R Bökman from c1930.

During the Second World War, Hispania was seized by the French authorities. In 1940, she was on a voyage from Kaolack, Senegal via Casablanca, Morocco to Bordeaux, France with a cargo of peanuts. During the voyage, she was attacked and severely damaged. On 2 June 1940, Hispania was detained in Bordeaux. On 8 October 1940, she was seized by the Vichy Government. On 8 November 1940, an application was made to declare her as a war prize. The crew were allowed to return to Sweden in December 1940, except for her captain and a mechanic. On 15 April 1941, Hispania was declared a war prize and ownership passed to the Kriegsmarine. Svenska Lloyd AB objected to this decision. On 8 February 1942, Hispania and Sirius were ordered to sail to Rotterdam under the command of the Kriegsmarine. On 1 November 1942, the Kriegsmarine ceased command of the ship. The next day, a German Schnellboot (fast boat) attack left one dead and two seriously wounded. On 19 December 1942, Hispania was handed back to Svenska Lloyd AB on payment of . She departed Rotterdam on 1 January 1943, bound for Gothenburg.

Sinking
On 18 December 1954, Hispania sank after hitting a reef in a storm.  Heading to Varberg, Sweden, from Liverpool she attempted to navigate through the Sound of Mull but hit the Sgeir More (Big Rock) and started to list.  The order to abandon ship was given and the crew lowered the lifeboats and rowed to shore.  Captain Ivan Dahn refused to leave the ship and chose to go down with it. The other twenty crew were saved. At the time, Hispania was carrying a cargo of asbestos, rubber sheeting and steel.

Wreck
The wreck sits, intact and upright, in   of clear water, at . The Hispania can be dived on only during slack water, which is between 1 and 2 hours before high or low water near the Scottish town of Oban.  Located in the northern aspects of the Sound of Mull, the Hispania is facing the shore and close to a red channel buoy. The water temperature ranges from 14 °C in summer to as low as 5 °C in winter. In the summer time, a common hazard are the migrating stinging jellyfish that pass over the wreck.  Their tentacles often get caught on the shot line and are dangerous to divers.

Sound of Mull Remote Sensing Project (SOMAP) was an underwater survey on the behest of Historic Scotland to catalog all sites in the Sound of Mull.  Through research and a through sonar survey, SOMAP was able to determine the status of the SS Hispania.  Their findings determined that the ship was salvaged throughout the 1950s by Scarborough Sub-Aqua Club and since then the popularity of diving the wreck has resulted in the removal of all non-ferrous artifacts. No archaeological surveys of the site had been undertaken until SOMAP's involvement.  The ship's horn was salvaged in the 1960s by a member of Scarborough Sub-Aqua Club and is now on display there.

Minor damage was caused by a scallop dredger in 1999 when its fishing gear pulled down one of the masts and caused minor scrape damage. A scour pit caused by currents removing sand and mud from one side of the ship is causing the ship to slowly list into the depression. In November 2002 the wreck of Hispania was purchased by the Puffin Dive Centre, Oban.

Propulsion
Hispania was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which was built by the North East Marine Engine Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. It had cylinders of ,  and  diameter by  stroke, developing , giving a speed of .

Official number and code letters
Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers. Hispania had the Swedish Official Number 5396 and used the Code Letter JTCB between 1930 and 1944, and SEWG from 1934.

References

Sources
 - Total pages: 160

Ships built in Belgium
1912 ships
Steamships of Sweden
Merchant ships of Sweden
Military of Vichy France
Auxiliary ships of the Kriegsmarine
World War II merchant ships of Sweden
Maritime incidents in 1954
Wreck diving sites in Scotland
1954 in Scotland
1912 in Belgium
History of Argyll and Bute

SS Hispania (1912)


Marco Pérez (born March 17, 1977) is a Mexican actor and writer. He began his artistic career working in experimental theater in Jalisco. After moving to Mexico City he was cast as Ramiro in the film Amores perros directed by Mexican filmmaker Alejandro González Iñárritu in 2000. Pérez has worked extensively on TV series, including Capadocia (2010), El 8° Mandamiento (2011), El Señor de los Cielos (2013), Señora Acero (2014), Caminos de Guanajuato (2015), and the El Señor de los Cielos spin-off El Chema (2016).

Pérez is also featured in several films including Trade (2007), Backyard: El Traspatio (2009), Días de Gracia (2011), Mariachi Gringo (2012), Colosio: El Asesinato (2012), La vida precoz y breve de Sabina Rivas (2012), and Desierto (2015). For his performance of Comandante in the film Mexican Gangster: La Leyenda del Charro Misterioso he received a Diosa de Plata nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He received further recognition for playing record producer  in the Mexican film Gloria, for which he was nominated for a Diosa de Plata and won the Ariel Award for Best Actor in 2016.

Background
Marco Pérez was born in Mexico City on March 17, 1977. At age 14, he began his professional career at an experimental theater in Jalisco, and later relocated to Mexico City to keep working in theater with director Martín Acosta. Pérez wrote the plays Hipótesis del Sueño, El Orgullo del Pajarraco, and El Saxofonista, all based on experiences of his youth.

Career

Early work
Pérez debuted on screen with the film Amores perros (2000), directed by Alejandro González Iñárritu. In the film, Pérez played Ramiro, the brother of Gael García Bernal's character, Octavio. The following year he was also included in the short film Powder Keg by González Iñárritu and in 2004 was featured in La Sombra del Sahuaro, filmed in the desert of Sonora with the actors Eduardo Santamarina and Itatí Cantoral. Trade (2007), La Garganta del Diablo (2008), and Backyard: El Traspatio (2008), followed. In 2009, he joined the second season of the TV series Capadocia in the role of Emiliano Treviño. In 2011, Pérez played Mauricio (the private secretary of the Attorney General of Mexico) in the TV series El 8° Mandamiento for Argos TV and also played Gabino in Días de Gracia, directed by Everardo Gout and starring Tenoch Huerta Mejía. Pérez and Huerta re-teamed in 2015 in the film Mexican Gangster: La Leyenda del Charro Misterioso, directed by José Manuel Cravioto. For his role of Comandante in Mexican Gangster, Pérez was nominated for a Diosa de Plata for Best Supporting Actor. La vida precoz y breve de Sabina Rivas, Colosio: El asesinato, and Mariachi Gringo were released in 2012. Pérez was cast as Guadalupe Robles (a role based on real life drug trafficker Ramón Arellano Félix) in the TV series El Señor de los Cielos.

Breakthrough role with Gloria
In 2014, Sofia Espinosa and Pérez were cast as singer-songwriter Gloria Trevi and record producer , respectively, in the film Gloria. The movie chronicles the rise and fall of the singer's career, detailing Trevi's first encounter with Andrade (who became her mentor), her brief tenure on a band, her musical rise to stardom, a sex scandal involving minors, and her imprisonment in Brasil. Pérez initially rejected the role since it was not a subject matter that moved him in an artistic way. "I read the script, then I heard more and more the voice of Gloria [Trevi] herself, without the need to deepen as the scandal that it was, that was the thing I rejected a bit. But I was finding that the story lends itself to also tell a behind-the-scenes, what lies behind a character as stigmatized as [Sergio] Andrade", Pérez told Radio Fórmula. To fully prepare for the role, Pérez gained weight interviewed Andrade to clarify some issues and delve into some of his experiences. The film was premiered in Mexico on January 1, 2015, as it was distributed by Universal Pictures with 1,000 copies. Pérez received mixed critical reviews for his performance; Jessica Oliva of Cine Premiere magazine stated that "Marco Perez [Sergio Andrade] manages to embody the duality of that genius of the industry, perverse and visionary at the same time". Sofía Ochoa and Verónica Sánchez of En Filme were critical about the fact that Pérez was "flat", with no further explaining on how Andrade achieved his domain over women, "drawing a caricature of a public figure, [that] not only was complex and imposing, he was talented to some extent, very Machiavellian, ambitious, egotistical, narcissistic and unscrupulous". David Noh of Film Journal International also gave a negative review, since the actor "is too unremittingly slimy and completely lacking in magnetic charisma to be convincing as such an irresistible and titanic A&R lothario". In Mexico, Pérez was nominated for a Diosa de Plata and won the Ariel Award for Best Actor for Gloria.

Later work
Pérez played Felipe Murillo during the first season of Telemundo's Señora Acero (2014). In 2015, he was included in the cast of the film Desierto, directed by Jonás Cuarón. In the film, Pérez co-stars with Gael García Bernal and American actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and plays Lobo, a smuggler. On this role, Pérez noted, "He is a character that came into my hands and got to my skin. I feel like I gave life to a cold guy, without compassion for the migrants". The same year, Pérez was featured in the Mexican telenovela Caminos de Guanajuato for TV Azteca. In 2016, Pérez joined the cast of the El Señor de los Cielos spin-off El Chema, starred by Mexican actor Mauricio Ochmann.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1977 births
21st-century Mexican male actors
Ariel Award winners
Best Actor Ariel Award winners
Living people
Male actors from Mexico City
Mexican male film actors

Marco Pérez (actor)


Atinolfo was the Bishop of Fiesole (1038–1057) and an opponent of Papal reform.

Onomastics suggest that he was a Lombard originally from southern Italy. Atinolfo was staying in Florence when he was appointed bishop by the Emperor Conrad II in February or March 1038. His predecessor, also an imperial appointee, was Iacopo il Bavaro, was a reformer who restored the diocesan patrimony. Atinolfo appears to have been otherwise. He repossessed the possessions of the diocese which Iacopo had granted to the monastery of San Bartolomeo. As late as July 1039 he was still not consecrated, despite the growing movement within Latin Christendom against that practice. He appears also to have been an imperial partisan, though imperial intervention in ecclesiastical affairs would soon stir up the Investiture Controversy. On 25 October 1046 he attended the Synod of Pavia convoked by the Emperor Henry III.

Nonetheless, Atinolfo signed the canons with Gerard, Bishop of Florence, of a Roman synod convened under Pope Leo IX, a reformer, in May 1050. On 15 July 1050, while the pope was passing through Florence, the monks of San Bartolomeo met him and implored him to confirm the donation that Iacopo had made to them. The pope did and Atinolof complied by restoring the possessions in a charter in which he describes Conrad II, not the pope, as senior mei (my lord). Atinolof was last recorded in July 1057 at a synod of Tuscan bishops in Arezzo under Pope Victor II.

References
"Atinolfo." Dizionario biografico degli Italiani, vol. IV (Rome: Società Grafica Romana, 1962), p. 526.

1050s deaths
Bishops in Tuscany
People from the Province of Florence
11th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
11th-century Lombard people
Year of birth unknown

Atinolfo


Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is a voluntary association of oil companies having an interest in the shipment and terminalling of crude oil, oil products, petrochemicals and gas, and includes companies engaged in offshore marine operations supporting oil and gas exploration, development and production.

OCIMF's aim is to ensure that the global marine industry causes no harm to people or the environment. OCIMF's mission is lead the global marine industry in the promotion of safe and environmentally responsible transportation of crude oil, oil products, petrochemicals and gas, and to drive the same values in the management of related offshore marine operations. This is to be done by developing best practices in the design, construction and safe operation of tankers, barges and offshore vessels and their interfaces with terminals and considering human factors in everything done.

History
OCIMF was formed at a meeting in London on 8 April 1970. It was initially the oil industry's response to increasing public awareness of marine pollution, particularly by oil, after the Torrey Canyon incident.e

Governments had reacted to this incident by debating the development of international conventions and national legislation and the oil industry sought to play its part by making its professional expertise available and its views known to governmental and inter-governmental bodies. The role of OCIMF has broadened over the intervening period. Most recently the organisation has contributed to the EU discussion on tanker safety and the draft EU Directive on Environmental Liability, and has provided support to the European Union (EU) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) debate on the accelerated phasing out of single-hull tankers and on the carriage of heavy grades of oil.

OCIMF was incorporated in Bermuda in 1977 and a branch office was established in London primarily to maintain contact with the IMO.

Organisation
OCIMF has 110 members. OCIMF's committee structure comprises the Executive Committee at its head and four senior standing committees with the power to establish sub-committees or forums as necessary. The Executive Committee is the senior policymaking Committee of OCIMF. The membership of the Executive Committee is limited to a maximum of 15 members plus the Chairman and Vice Chairmen who are ex officio members. Members of the Executive Committee are elected at the Annual General Meeting. Present chairman is Mark Ross from Chevron Shipping Company. A full-time Director, currently Rob Drysdale from ExxonMobil, is in charge of a small permanent Secretariat located in London. This Secretariat comprises full-time employees and technical staff seconded from member companies. The work of OCIMF is carried out through four main Committees General Purposes Committee (GPC), Ports and Terminals Committee, Offshore Marine Committee and the Legal Committee. Sub-Committees, Forums, work groups and task forces composed of members' representatives and assisted by the Secretariat.

Publications
OCIMF produces industry guidance for oil tankers and oil terminals, including the leading industry title 'International Safety Guide for Tankers and Terminals' (the 6th edition was published in 2020).

The OCIMF along with the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) developed the Jetty Maintenance and Inspection Guide (JMIG) to provide guidelines for effective maintenance on oil and liquified gas terminal jetty equipment.

References

External links
Official website

Tanker shipping companies
Petroleum industry
Energy business associations


Country Club Centre is a shopping center in the Arden-Arcade area in unincorporated Sacramento County, California, United States in the Sacramento area. It is located at the southwest corner of El Camino and Watt Avenues, diagonally across from what was the very first stand-alone store of the now defunct Tower Records chain. It originally opened as a small strip shopping center in 1952 that was later expanded into a regional mall and then later converted into a mixed use of office and retail. The shopping center is currently anchored by the Sacramento area's only Costco Business Center. It was previously anchored by Walmart (closed), Sam's Club (closed, current Costco Business Center) and Michaels (relocated).

History

As one of the first suburban shopping centers in the Sacramento area, Country Club Centre opened on August 21, 1952, with a  JCPenney and a Lucky supermarket anchoring the shopping center. Later additions included Joseph Magnin, Walgreens, Woolworth and a three-story Rhodes department store in 1954, which later became a Liberty House in 1976, anchoring the west end of the mall.

In 1971, JCPenney closed its store, relocating across Watt Avenue to the newer Country Club Plaza with a much larger store (it was later relocated to Arden Fair Mall in 1994 over  away, where it is still operating to this day). Other retailers also withdrew from Country Club Centre, including Woolworth, which also relocated to Country Club Plaza.

In 1976, after experiencing a small decline, a Montgomery Ward opened up as the new east end anchor (which replaced Lucky), as well as a Longs Drugs, extension of the covered mall and addition of  of parking facilities, sparking the Sacramento Bee to comment on its "strong comeback." At that time, store space totaled , 89% of which was leased.

In the 1980s, Country Club Centre saw a much sharper decline when Liberty House shuttered its store in 1984, followed by Joseph Magnin when the chain declared bankruptcy and shuttered all their remaining stores. In June 1987, after going through many absentee owners, including a possible name change to Sacramento Place, but never materialized, local Sacramento developer Marvin "Buzz" Oates acquired the shopping center from Macerich (which currently manages Arden Fair). By the early 1990s, much of the interior mall shops were vacant, further hampered by Country Club Plaza across Watt Avenue and the huge expansion of Arden Fair. The interior wing that connected Liberty House was later torn down for additional parking and access to the rear of the shopping center and the old Liberty House was later repurposed into a office building. Most of the mall's interior shops were then converted to office space. In 1992, Pace Membership Warehouse opened in the southwest corner of the shopping center. It was later rebranded to Sam's Club in 1994 when parent company Walmart acquired Pace from Kmart in 1993. In the later years, Longs Drugs shuttered their store and relocated about  south on nearby Arden Way, where it is still in operation today as a CVS Pharmacy after the chain acquired Longs in 2008 and was converted to CVS in 2009.

In 2001, Montgomery Ward, the last traditional department store anchor, shuttered its store as the chain went out of business. A full renovation of the shopping center occurred in 2002, to bring it and its look up to date, which included the opening of an Office Depot store (it would later relocate across Watt Avenue to Country Club Plaza in 2013, before shuttering altogether a few years later). Walmart opened in 2004 in the old Montgomery Ward, becoming the Sacramento area's only 2-level Walmart, complete with specialized escalators for shopping carts.

In 2015, Country Club Centre was sold to San Diego investors Tourmaline Capital Management for $56 million. At that time, in addition to Walmart and Sam's Club, the shopping center was also anchored by Michaels and Anna's Linens. Anna's Linens was shuttered the same year when the chain filed for bankruptcy.

In 2018, the shopping center lost two of its major anchors. Sam's Club shuttered its warehouse store on January 26 and Walmart shuttered its store on February 9. Michaels soon followed suit when their store relocated to the Howe 'Bout Arden shopping center about  away on Arden Way. This, in effect, left Country Club Centre anchorless for the first time in its history.

On June 4, 2020, the center gained back an anchor store as the first Costco Business Center in the Sacramento area opened in the former Sam's Club.

In 2021, the old 2-story Walmart/Montgomery Ward building was razed and two smaller single story anchor buildings have been erected in its place. One of the anchor spots is slated to become an Amazon Fresh store, but the opening of the store was put on hold after Amazon placed a hiatus on opening new stores to reevaluate the operations of its current stores. It is unknown what will occupy the other new anchor spot.

As of 2023, with the exception of Costco and a handful of smaller businesses, the center is mostly vacant, including the aforementioned anchors. Fast-food restaurant chain Raising Cane's opened May 8, 2023 in front of the unopened Amazon Fresh store. Despite Country Club Centre's ups and downs over the past several decades, a See's Candies shop is the only remaining store left from its 1950s original opening still in operation.

External links
"Country Club Centre", Mall Hall of Fame

References

Shopping malls in Sacramento County, California
Abandoned shopping malls in the United States

Country Club Centre


Hashimato's thyroiditis or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease. The cause of Hashimato's thyroiditis is that body starts to produce antibodies against the normal thyroid tissue. This disease was the first disease to be described as autoimmune. for the first time it described by the Japanese specialist "Hakaru Hashimato" in Germany in 1912.

References

Autoimmune diseases

Hashimoto's thyroiditis


Marvel's Spider-Man is a series of action-adventure video games developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation consoles and Microsoft Windows. Based on characters appearing in Marvel Comics publications, the games are inspired by the long-running comic book lore, while additionally deriving from various adaptations in other media. The series principally follows protagonists Peter Parker and Miles Morales, who fight crime in New York City as Spider-Men while dealing with the complications of their civilian lives.

Marvel Games entered negotiations with SIE regarding developing third party games based on their characters, leading to frequent collaborative studio Insomniac Games being selected to acquire the license for the Spider-Man character from Activision in 2014. The series began with Marvel's Spider-Man and its subsequent downloadable content (DLC) expansion The City That Never Sleeps, which was released on the PlayStation 4 in late 2018; the game and its DLC were later collected together and released as a remastered version for the PlayStation 5 in November 2020 and Windows in August 2022. A direct spin-off title, Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales, was released on the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 in November 2020 alongside Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered, with a Windows port released in November 2022. A sequel to the original game and the Miles Morales spin-off, Marvel's Spider-Man 2, was released for the PlayStation 5 in October 2023,

The series is also supported by other standalone titles which share the same continuity with the Spider-Man games. Marvel's Wolverine, developed by Insomniac Games and focused on the titular character, is currently in development for the PlayStation 5.

The currently released main entries in the Marvel's Spider-Man series have been met with positive commercial success and critical acclaim, with praise for their narratives, characters, voice acting, graphics, and gameplay. Various tie-in novels by Titan Books and comic books published by Marvel Comics have been released, expanding the games' universe. Insomniac's version of Peter Parker also appears in the comic book event Spider-Geddon (2018), which designated the series as taking place on "Earth-1048" in the larger Marvel Comics multiverse. Parker also appears in the animated film Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023) in a cameo role, with Yuri Lowenthal briefly reprising his role.

Conception and development

Video games featuring Marvel Comics characters were primarily developed and published by Activision since 1998, with the character Spider-Man appearing in multiple titles both as the primary playable character and as a supporting character since 2000. However, as Marvel Games vice president Jay Ong would come to reflect on in 2016, the terms of Marvel and Activision's deal necessitated quicker development periods on games in order to tie such products into upcoming films based around Marvel properties. Ong would reminisce about how it was "difficult to succeed" under those circumstances as a result of instances where "there wasn't enough time to come out with something truly terrific". Dissatisfied with the eventual output of the publisher, Marvel Games would elect to terminate their partnership with Activision in 2014 just prior to the release of the movie tie-in game, The Amazing Spider-Man 2. During a meeting with executives from the publishing firm, Ong would be asked by Activision, "What are you going to do with this IP after you get it back?". Ong would cite a need to "find a better home for it" in response, with the publisher's representative taunting him in return, "Good luck finding your unicorn".

To rejuvenate the IP, Ong's primary objective was to find "a publishing partner who hadn't adopted the "crappy licensed games" mentality", as well as one with "a vested interest that would benefit from building a franchise". In particular, Marvel Games were looking to create a gaming IP around one of their characters that would rival the likes of the Batman: Arkham series from WB Games and Rocksteady Studios, credited with legitimizing and popularizing video game adaptations based on comic book characters. The primary candidates considered for spearheading Marvel's new commitment to AAA games were Microsoft Studios, Sony Interactive Entertainment and Nintendo. Nintendo was ruled out initially as a result of their perceived dedication to pursuing games using their own characters and franchises (though they would eventually collaborate with Marvel in developing Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order (2019) for Nintendo Switch), while Microsoft turned down Marvel's offer due to a desire to focus on building their own IP. Eventually, Jay Ong would meet with Sony executives Adam Boyes and John Drake, in order to pitch an overall development deal with Marvel, with the hope that they could collaborate and "beat Arkham and have one game at least and maybe multiple games that could drive adoption", of Sony's PlayStation platforms.

SIE eventually signed off on the deal, prompting their Vice President of Product Development Connie Booth to visit developer Insomniac Games in order to speak with studio CEO Ted Price, with discussions about the potential Marvel project being held off-the-record. Price was described as being "fairly neutral" towards the prospects of developing a game based on a Marvel Comics property, as Insomniac up to that point purely worked on their own original franchises, but his development team were comparatively enthusiastic about the project. As Marvel allowed Insomniac to select any of their characters to adapt, the team decided on Spider-Man as a result of being able to relate to the dynamic presented between the heroic Spider-Man and his everyman alter-ego, Peter Parker. They would also come to find the task of adapting the character daunting, as a result of his popularity, in addition to the numerous existing stories and interpretations of the character both in comics and in other media. However, they also welcomed the challenge, particularly art director Jacinda Chew, who consulted online resources and various Marvel staff in order to cultivate extensive knowledge of the character.

Creative director Bryan Intihar said: "I feel like he's the most relatable of the heroes. As much as I love Tony Stark, it's harder to identify with a billionaire. As much as I love Thor, it's hard to identify with a god. Peter makes mistakes, he has ups and downs in his career, his relationships, his family. I think we can all relate to that". Price also commented that Spider-Man "is so human, and he's so relatable. He's also the most popular Marvel character in the world, I think". Price also considered the technical benefits; Sunset Overdrive has a dynamic traversal system that could be built upon for Spider-Man. Spider-Man became the first licensed property developed by Insomniac in its then 22-year existence.

Upon the announcement of the spin-off title Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales for the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5, Sony vice president Simon Rutter told The Telegraph that the game was "an expansion and an enhancement to the previous game", while Insomniac later called the project a standalone game, stating that it is "the next adventure in the Marvel's Spider-Man universe". It is smaller in size and scope than Spider-Man, and has been compared to Uncharted: The Lost Legacy, a game which served as a standalone expansion that was smaller in size and scope than a mainline Uncharted title. The game was additionally described as featuring "a new story, with new set-pieces, fresh villains, and unique quests".

During the development of Marvel's Spider-Man, Insomniac, Marvel and SIE discussed prospects for future games based on Marvel Comics properties beyond Spider-Man, with the team at Insomniac continually suggesting their desire to work on a game featuring Wolverine. The development team were drawn to the character through the similar moral compass he shares with Spider-Man, notably the fact that "both heroes feel deeply compelled to defend people who are less able to do so". Insomniac eventually elected to pitch this idea to both Marvel and Sony as their next licensed property following their successful collaboration with the two parties on developing Marvel's Spider-Man. Marvel's Wolverine is currently being developed alongside Marvel's Spider-Man 2 (2023), which was jointly announced in September 2021. For the latter game, Bryan Intihar and Ryan Smith serve as the game's creative and game directors, respectively reprising their roles from Spider-Man.

Marvel's Spider-Man series was later released on Microsoft Windows alongside the existing PlayStation versions starting with Spider-Man Remastered in August 2022, and Miles Morales later that November, marking another push by the publisher to release its various PlayStation Studios titles on PC. A support studio Nixxes Software, whom Sony acquired in July 2021, helped in porting the games to PC.

Video games

Marvel's Spider-Man games (2018–present)

Marvel's Spider-Man (2018)

Marvel's Spider-Man is the first entry in the series, released for the PlayStation 4 in September 2018. Taking place eight years into Peter Parker's career as Spider-Man, it focuses on the super-human crime lord Mister Negative, and his plot to seize control of New York City's criminal underworld. When he threatens to release a deadly virus with the assistance of a group of escaped supervillains known as the Sinister Six, Spider-Man must confront him and save the city while dealing with the personal problems of his civilian persona. He is accompanied in his efforts by former Daily Bugle colleague and ex-girlfriend Mary Jane Watson, New York City Police Department (NYPD) captain Yuri Watanabe, and Miles Morales, son of NYPD officer Jefferson Davis.

The City that Never Sleeps (2018)

Insomniac supported the game with a downloadable content (DLC) campaign, The City that Never Sleeps, consisting of three episodes that were released monthly from October to December 2018. Taking place a few months following the events of the base game, the DLC sees Spider-Man combat a new crime wave led by the physically enhanced mob boss Hammerhead, with the assistance of expert thief and former lover Felicia Hardy, and Silver Sablinova, the owner and operator of the mercenary group Sable International.

Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered (2020)
Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered collects both the original game and all three chapters of The City That Never Sleeps. The remaster additionally boasts numerous graphical and presentation improvements, namely the implementation of two game presets: "Fidelity Mode" for increasing the game's graphical detail and enabling real-time ray tracing, and "Performance Mode" for scaling the resolution dynamically while increasing the game's framerate. A third presentation option, "Performance RT", was added following the game's launch in order to enable real-time ray tracing while increasing performance capabilities. Other features include "near-instant loading" accomplished by the console SSD as well as support for both Sony's 3D Audio technology and the DualSense controller's haptic feedback. The remaster introduces a reworked in-game model for Peter Parker motion captured by Ben Jordan, replacing original actor John Bubinak, and also includes additional suits not initially available in the original PlayStation 4 release, including the exclusive "Black and Gold Suit" & "Hybrid Suit", inspired by the suits worn by Peter Parker in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021).

The game was initially released worldwide in November 2020 as a launch title for the PlayStation 5, and was bundled alongside the Ultimate Edition of Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales on the console. Alternatively, it is obtainable through upgrading the PS4 version of Miles Morales and purchasing the remaster individually, and allowed cross-save functionality between it and the original PS4 version of Marvel's Spider-Man. The remaster was made available for individual purchase as a digital title on the PlayStation Store in May 2023, with existing owners of the original PS4 version being entitled to an upgrade for a fee. A Windows version of the remaster developed by PlayStation sister studio Nixxes Software was released as a standalone title on Steam and the Epic Games Store worldwide in August 2022. The PC version of the remaster boasts numerous specific improvements, such as NVIDIA DLSS and DLAA support, compatibility with ultrawide and panoramic display monitors, an additional presentation preset known as "Ultimate RT" for capable NVIDIA and AMD graphics cards, native support for various controllers and mouse & keyboard input, and options for unlocked framerates to enhance game performance.

Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020)

Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales was released in November 2020 on the PlayStation 4, and as a launch title for the PlayStation 5, and was released for Windows in November 2022. It follows Parker's friend Miles Morales, who acquired similar spider-based powers at the end of the first game and was subsequently trained by Parker. When both Parker and Mary Jane Watson go on an excursion to Symkaria for a few weeks, Miles is left to defend New York as its sole Spider-Man, and must protect his new home, Harlem, after it becomes caught in the crossfire of a war between the Roxxon Energy Corporation and a high-tech criminal army called the Underground, led by the mysterious Tinkerer.

Marvel's Spider-Man 2 (2023)

Marvel's Spider-Man 2 launched on the PlayStation 5 in October 2023. It depicts Peter Parker and Miles Morales struggling to navigate their respective futures while balancing their personal lives with their duties to the city as Spider-Men. When the Hunters, an private mercenary group led by Sergei "Kraven" Kravinoff arrive and transform New York into a hunting ground for the Spider-Men and their rogues, Peter and Miles must combat a variety of villains while the former comes into contact with Venom, an extraterrestrial symbiote that bonds to Parker and negatively influences him.

Marvel's Spider-Man 3 (TBA)
In September 2023, shortly before Marvel's Spider-Man 2's release, narrative director Ben Arfmann addressed the possibility of future games.  In October 2023, senior creative director Bryan Intihar said that a potential third installment would be "pretty epic", comparing the stories of Spider-Man and Spider-Man: Miles Morales to the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Iron Man (2008) and the story of Spider-Man 2 to Captain America: Civil War (2016).

Standalone games

Marvel's Wolverine (TBA)

In September 2021, Insomniac Games announced at the PlayStation Showcase event that they were in early development for a standalone game, titled Marvel's Wolverine, based on the character of the same name. It features a standalone narrative set within the same continuity as the studios Spider-Man games. It will be released for the PlayStation 5.

Possible Venom spin-off
In October 2023, senior narrative director Jon Paquette and Insomniac discussed the possibility of a spin-off game involving the Venom character after the character's debut in Spider-Man 2.

Characters

Other media

Music
All of the currently released games in the Marvel's Spider-Man series have been composed by John Paesano. The respective soundtracks for Marvel's Spider-Man and Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales have been collected in digital streaming and physical vinyl formats in collaboration with Mondo. Additionally, three vocal tracks were produced for the Miles Morales original soundtrack: "I'm Ready" by Jaden Smith, and "Where We Come From" and "This is My Time" by Lecrae. A vocal track for Marvel's Spider-Man 2, "Swing" by EarthGang ft. Benji, was released on streaming services in September 2023.

Comics

City at War (2019)
 was published by Marvel Comics as their first title under their Gamerverse label in March 2019, serving as a six issue comic book adaptation of Marvel's Spider-Man's main campaign narrative, while expanding on specific story events. The adaptation was written by Dennis Hopeless, with art by Luca Maresca and colorist David Curiel.

Velocity (2019)
, published later in 2019, spans five issues and depicts an original narrative set within the continuity of the game. The story takes place between the events of the main campaign in Marvel's Spider-Man, and the events of the three-part downloadable content (DLC) campaign, The City That Never Sleeps, and explores the origin behind Parker's creation of the Velocity Suit, in addition to his encounter with the supervillain Swarm, and a separate investigation conducted by Mary Jane Watson and her colleague from the Daily Bugle, Ben Urich, into Haley Harvey, otherwise nicknamed the Speed Demon.

The Black Cat Strikes (2020)
, published in 2020, is a five issue limited series adapting the events of The City That Never Sleeps. Dennis Hopeless and Luca Maresca reprise their duties as story writer and artist, respectively. In addition to directly adapting the events from the game's narrative, the story additionally expands on Peter Parker and Felicia Hardy's relationship and history, through scenarios not depicted in the DLC chapters.

Free Comic Book Day: Marvel's Spider-Man 2 (2023)
As part of Free Comic Book Day in 2023, Sony Interactive Entertainment and Marvel published one-shot prequel comic that leads into the events of Marvel's Spider-Man 2, released on May 6, in local comic shops, and digitally on the Marvel Unlimited app. The comic was written by Christos Gage, who previously served as a writer on Marvel's Spider-Man, with art by Ig Gaura. The story follows Peter Parker, Miles Morales and Mary Jane Watson as the three of them struggle to balance Morales' school life, MJ's work and the responsibility the two Spider-Men have to New York as they come into conflict with a magic-infused criminal named The Hood.

Novels

Hostile Takeover (2018)
 was written by David Liss and published by Titan Books on August 21, 2018. It is a prequel novel covering events before the main campaign of Marvel's Spider-Man, detailing Peter Parker's continued efforts to expose businessman Wilson Fisk's activities as the Kingpin of Crime, his encounter with the doppelganger vigilante Blood Spider, and his confrontation with Fisk's surrogate niece and assailant, Maya Lopez / Echo, who is convinced by Fisk that Spider-Man killed her father.

Wings of Fury (2020)
 was written by Brittney Morris and published by Titan Books on November 10, 2020. It is a prequel novel taking place between the events of the downloadable content (DLC) campaign The City That Never Sleeps (2018) and the standalone game Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020). The story depicts Morales' early partnership with Peter Parker / Spider-Man, as the two vigilantes set out to apprehend Adrian Toomes / Vulture, who has broken out of the Raft and teamed with his granddaughter Tiana Toomes, going under the alias "Starling".

Behind the scenes books

Marvel's Spider-Man (2018)
 was published by Titan Books on September 11, 2018. Written by Paul Davies, it compiles numerous concept art pieces and renders of the game's primary cast, and various elements such as locations, costumes and tech, paired with additional insight into the game's creative process from developers, artists and designers who worked on the game.

Marvel's Spider-Man Script Book (2020)
, authored by Jon Paquette, Christos Gage, and Benjamin Arfmann, was published on February 11, 2020. It features the game's original script alongside numerous art pieces and renders with added insights and commentary from the game's writers.

Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2021)
, authored by Matt Ralphs, was published by Titan Books on February 23, 2021. It compiles concept illustrations and various in-game renderings of characters, tech, locations, gadgets and costumes from throughout the development period of the title.

Appearances in outside media

Integration into Marvel Comics' multiverse

Insomniac's Peter Parker appeared in the crossover event "Spider-Geddon" (2018), a sequel to the 2014 storyline "Spider-Verse" written by Christos Gage and published by Marvel Comics on September 26, 2018, following the character's debut appearance in Marvel's Spider-Man. It established the game's events as taking place in the universe of "Earth-1048" within the larger Marvel Multiverse. In the story, Parker joins forces with the Superior Spider-Army led by Otto Octavius / Superior Spider-Man, in order to combat the recently liberated Inheritors and avert the deaths of all Spider-People across the multiverse. The story of Spider-Geddon takes place after the events of the game, and also introduces the universe's version of Tarantula, with Octavius secretly leaving a message for his game counterpart, to allow him to potentially also become the Superior Spider-Man.

Film
Parker's Advanced Suit from Marvel's Spider-Man is depicted in the Spider-Lair among the lineup of alternate suits worn by the Peter Parker of Miles Morales' reality in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018). Parker himself makes a physical appearance in its sequel Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023), as the Spider-Man of Earth-1048 and a member of the Spider-Society led by Miguel O' Hara / Spider-Man 2099, with Yuri Lowenthal briefly reprising his voice role from the games. In addition, gameplay of Marvel's Spider-Man 2 was featured in a scene at Miles Morales' dorm room, where his best friend Ganke Lee was seen playing the game on a PlayStation 5 console.

Related video games
The Marvel's Spider-Man series, among other titles developed by Insomniac Games, was referenced in Astro's Playroom (2020), a pack-in game for the PlayStation 5 released at the console's launch, which featured numerous allusions to various franchises published on or exclusive to PlayStation consoles. When entering the Caching Caves area, turning south-east of the Shock Walls leads to a room with an Astro Bot hanging upside-down from a web on the ceiling, referencing a pose commonly associated with the character.

Marvel's Iron Man VR was released in July 2020 on the PlayStation VR, and later ported to the Meta Quest 2 and released by Oculus Studios in November 2022. Published by Sony Interactive Entertainment, it features a standalone narrative which references the continuity of the Marvel's Spider-Man games. Director Ryan Payton later stated that despite the developer's intent to tell a standalone narrative, "there are definitely opportunities to link the worlds" and he hoped that the two-game series could share some references to each other in future installments.

Reception

The three currently released games in the Marvel's Spider-Man series have been met with favorable reception and commercial success. Critics have cited Marvel's Spider-Man (2018) as one of the best comic book-based games ever created, with outlets such as VentureBeat and Game Informer positively comparing the game to Batman: Arkham Asylum (2009), a game that was similarly praised for breaking conventions associated with games based on comic book characters with its reinterpretation of the mythos. The game's mechanics were another point of praise, with many lauding the innovations and refinements made to the web-swinging and traversal systems. EGMNOW commented on the gameplay in Marvel's Spider-Man being more streamlined compared to the similar functions present in the video game adaptation Spider-Man 2 (2004). The combat was similarly praised for its fluidity and emphasis on gadgetry and utilization of the environment for performing attacks, with IGN further observing how the depth of the game's combat system allowed for improvization. The story received particular praise from critics and fans. USGamer specifically cited the narrative as the game's strongest aspect and highlighted the story's interpretation of the title character and his supporting cast, while GamesRadar+ described its characters as being voiced and performed with unexpected depth and charisma. The Remastered port for PlayStation 5 and PC received additional praise for its updated presentation, improvements to technical details such as facial and hair textures, and additional quality-of-life improvements that brought the game in closer parity with Miles Morales, although the replacement of John Bubinak with Ben Jordan as the facial capture model for Peter Parker garnered a mixed response. The PC version was particularly applauded for its optimization for the platform and seamless compatibility on the Steam Deck.

Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020) also enjoyed similarly favorable reviews. Jonathon Dornbush of IGN enjoyed the new PS5 enhancements of the game and the more compelling side content. Destructoids Chris Carter praised the game's story and Miles' new abilities. Andrew Reiner of Game Informer appreciated the improvements to combat and the area of Harlem.

Sales
As of May 2022, the Marvel's Spider-Man series has sold over 33 million copies worldwide. Marvel's Spider-Man (2018) managed to sell 3.3 million units—including those bundled with PlayStation 4 consoles, within its first three days of release, resulting in the title surpassing the 3.1 million unit mark previously achieved by God of War (2018) to become the fastest selling first-party video game release in Sony Interactive Entertainment's history, as well as the fastest-selling PlayStation 4 exclusive entirely, up until that record was usurped by Final Fantasy VII Remake (2020) from Square Enix at 3.5 million units within the same timeframe. The news outlet USA Today additionally estimated that the game made at least $198 million during said period for Sony, surpassing the $117 million domestic box office total accumulated by the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: Homecoming in 2017. Additionally, sales projections from The NPD Group touted that Marvel's Spider-Man had garnered 37% higher release-month sales than the combined totals for every previous Spider-Man game released since 1995. By July 2019, Marvel's Spider-Man became the best-selling game based on a comic book character, beating out the combined lifetime sales of Batman: Arkham City (2011) from WB Games and Rocksteady, after having already achieved the title of the fastest-selling comic book-based game in the U.S. in November 2018. The game additionally became one of the best-selling Western-developed PlayStation 4 titles in Japan, being surpassed only by Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 (2018) and Minecraft (2011), as well as the best-selling Western-developed SIE title since Crash Bandicoot: Warped for the original PlayStation, developed by Naughty Dog in 1998. The game's Remastered release for Windows debuted with a concurrent peak of 63,384 players on the Steam platform, making it the second largest debut for a PlayStation Studios title on Steam following God of War.

The PlayStation 4 version of Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales (2020) sold 22,882 physical copies within its first week on sale in Japan, making it the eighth-best-selling retail game of the week in the country. During the same week, the PlayStation 5 version was the tenth-best-selling retail game in Japan, selling 18,640 physical copies. Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales was also the best-selling physical PlayStation 5 launch game in the UK. In Germany, the game sold over 100,000 copies in its launch month and 200,000 copies by the end of December 2020. As of December 2020, the game has sold a combined total of 663,000 digital copies across both the PlayStation 4 and PlayStation 5 platforms. In April 2021, Jeff Grubb of VentureBeat reported that the game had outsold both The Last of Us Part II and Ghost of Tsushima (both 2020) with regards to lifetime sales. As of July 2021, the game had sold over 6.5 million copies. Miles Morales was the twelfth best-selling game of 2020, and the sixth best-selling game of 2021.

In May 2022, the Marvel's Spider-Man series was reported to have sold over 33 million copies.

Accolades

See also
 Spider-Man in video games
 Wolverine in other media
 Marvel Games

Notes

References

External links
 Official Insomniac Games website
 Games page on Marvel.com

Action-adventure games
Beat 'em ups
Insomniac Games
Superhero video games
Video game franchises
Video game franchises introduced in 2018
Sony Interactive Entertainment games

Spider-Man (Insomniac Games series)