Piala Hassanal Bolkiah untuk Kejuaraan Sepak bola Pemuda ASEAN, adalah turnamen sepak bola untuk pemuda di Asia Tenggara. Itu dibuka untuk pemain sepak bola dari negara anggota ASEAN di bawah usia 21 tahun untuk berpartisipasi di dalam ini.

Turnamen yang diselenggarakan oleh Asosiasi Sepak Bola Brunei Darussalam bekerjasama dengan Federasi Sepak Bola ASEAN. Brunei Darussalam selalu menjadi tuan rumah untuk turnamen ini. Turnamen pertama kali diselenggarakan pada tahun 2002.

Latar belakang
Hal ini terjadi pada tahun 1997 saat Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan Brunei pertama yang memiliki gagasan dari sebuah turnamen sepak bola di kalangan anggota ASEAN.

Ringkasan

Turnamen pertama di 2002
In 2002 when the tournament was officially launched on 16 August 2002,all ten ASEAN member states took part in the football tournament which held from. The ten teams were divided into two groups.

In Group A, Myanmar easily topped the group with a maximum of 12 points and scoring 14 goals in their four matches without conceding a goal. Malaysia and Laos finished equal with 6 points but Malaysia had a better goal difference of 13-8 beating Laos having a better goal difference of 10-7. Meanwhile in Group B, Indonesia easily topped the group by beating the other four teams and scoring 14 goals and conceding none. In their first match, they beat the Philippines by 10-0. Thailand came in second with three wins. Philippines propped up the table losing all their games and conceding 21 goals and scoring only one goal.

In the semi-finals, Indonesia beat Malaysia by a single goal and Thailand beat Myanmar on penalties 4-3, their game ended 2-2 after extra time. The first Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy was won by Indonesia when they beat Thailand 2-0 on 26 August 2002.

2nd Tournament in 2005
The next Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy tournament was not held in 2004 but it was held instead in 2005 from 13 to 25 March. Cambodia did not take part and the nine teams were divided into one group of five and a second group of four teams.

In the Group A Thailand topped the group by winning three games and drawing one, while Vietnam managed to come in second by beating Malaysia 2-1 in their final group match and thus getting second place. In the smaller Group B, the final table saw Myanmar, Laos and Brunei all garnering 6 points each but Myanmar with its superior scoring record topped the table and Laos came in second but Brunei's 6-0 defeat to Myanmar meant that it has an inferior goal difference.

In the semi-finals, Myanmar beat Vietnam 2-0 and Thailand needed the extra time to beat Laos 3-2. In the final, Thailand overcame Myanmar by beating them 3-0.

3rd Tournament in 2007
The third Hassanal Bolkiah Trophy tournament was held two years later in 2007 from March 3 to March 12. This time round only eight ASEAN member states took part with Indonesia and Laos not being able to come. The group stage saw two groups of four teams each.

In Group A, Myanmar easily topped the group by beating the other three teams and scoring 22 goals and conceding one goal and Cambodia came second with same point with Brunei but better goal difference. In Group B, with defending champions Thailand easily beating the other three teams, the other three teams were forced to scramble for second place. It was Malaysia who took the second spot after beating Singapore 2-0 in the final group game. Singapore and Vietnam did not win a single game.

In the semi-finals both group winners easily won their matches. Thailand beating Cambodia by a 10-1 score line and Myanmar beating Malaysia 2-0. In the final Thailand and Myanmar could not beat each other as the game went into extra time. It was settled by a nail-biting penalty shootout with Thailand overcoming Myanmar by 5-4.

Turnamen ke4 pada tahun 2012

Juara

Referensi

Pranala luar
 Situs web resmi Piala Hassanal Bolkiah
 Sejarah Piala Hassanal Bolkiah

Kompetisi sepak bola di Brunei

Piala Hassanal Bolkiah


William Kenny PC (I), QC (14 January 1846 – 4 February 1921), was an Irish judge and Liberal Unionist politician.

Biography
Kenny was born in Dublin, the only son of Edward Kenny, solicitor, of Kilrush, County Clare, and his wife, Catherine (née Murphy). Before he was called to the bar in 1868, he had graduated with a B.A. from Trinity College Dublin and worked as a clerk in the Census Office.

He practised on the Munster Circuit and became a Q.C. in 1885 and a Bencher of the King's Inns in 1890. He was mainly instrumental in establishing the Liberal Union of Ireland after the defeat of the Home Rule Bill of 1886, and in organising the visit of Lord Hartington and George Goschen to Dublin in 1887.

In 1891 Kenny was adopted as unionist candidate in the upcoming General Election. Kenny was returned to Parliament for Dublin St Stephen's Green in the 1892 general election as a unionist over the nationalist candidate, George Noble Plunkett, aka Count Plunkett, whose son, Joseph Mary Plunkett, was a leader in the 1916 Easter Rising. Count Plunkett would later be elected to office as a Sinn Féin member, after the Rising. The Liberal Unionists promoted land reform and peasant land ownership as a means of positively preserving the Union but were opposed strongly to local government. William Kenny corresponded with Lord Hartington to that effect calling Chamberlain's proposed county councils an "awful scheme of provincial councils" and demanding a centralised local government as an alternative.

Kenny served as Solicitor-General for Ireland from 1895 to 1898 in the Unionist administration of Lord Salisbury. In the House of Commons, he joined his cousin Matthew Joseph Kenny, who had been elected as a Parnellite in 1882.  In 1895 he sat on the Tourist Committee for Ireland.

In 1898 Kenny was appointed a Judge of the High Court and resigned as Solicitor-General and from his seat in the House of Commons. He was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902, and was sworn in by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Earl Cadogan, at Dublin Castle on 11 August 1902.

Kenny remained on the bench until his death at his Dublin residence, Marlfield, Cabinteely, on 4 February 1921, aged 75. His portrait by Sarah Purser hangs in the King's Inns.

Maurice Healy in his memoir The Old Munster Circuit described Kenny as stern and inflexible, somewhat lacking in empathy for those poorer than himself, but also a sound and learned lawyer with a strong sense of justice. He suggests that Kenny's political views made him a somewhat isolated figure, since, in the fraught political atmosphere of the 1890s and 1900s, Catholic Unionists were regarded by their opponents with particular suspicion.

Family
Kenny married Mary Coffey on 13 August 1873, and they had a family of eight children.

References

External links

1846 births
1921 deaths
Politicians from County Dublin
Solicitors-General for Ireland
UK MPs 1892–1895
UK MPs 1895–1900
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Dublin constituencies (1801–1922)
Liberal Unionist Party MPs for Irish constituencies
Catholic Unionists
Judges of the High Court of Justice in Ireland

William Kenny (Irish politician)


David J. Steiner (February 2, 1965 – December 26, 2016) was an American documentary filmmaker, educator, rabbi, real estate investor, mediator and political activist, best known for the documentary film Saving Barbara Sizemore (2016).

Early life

David Jay Steiner was born in Chicago, Illinois to a Jewish family, and was raised in nearby Lincolnwood, Illinois. His parents, Robinn Schulman, a nurse whose family owned the company that manufactured Shane Toothpaste (now known as AloeSense), and Joseph Steiner, a figurative painter and art instructor, divorced when he was young, but maintained an amicable relationship. As a youth, he began a lifelong affiliation with Habonim Dror, the labor Zionist youth movement.

Education

Steiner was educated in Lincolnwood, Illinois area public schools until his sophomore year of high school, when unaccompanied by his family, he moved to Israel. In accord with his socialist values, he lived in the kibbutz community of Hakfar Hayarok. On the kibbutz, Steiner was assigned to the dairy, and was put in charge of the artificial insemination and midwifery process for cows. For the rest of his life, Steiner would incorporate bovine imagery into his work; he really loved cows. Steiner served in the Israel Defense Forces and fought in the 1982 Lebanon conflict.

Steiner attended the University of Illinois-Chicago (UIC), and then the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) where he studied film, and, taking after his father, painting. As a painter, he was devoted to the styles of expressionist painters such as Alice Neel and  Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, as well as his father. He continued and further developed his political activism while living in Los Angeles and as a film student, took the actor and political activist Edward Asner as his mentor.

Steiner learned his style of filmmaking in film school at UCLA.

Steiner was drawn to film and comedy. He was strongly influenced by the comic tradition of Jews in America—the Marx Brothers, borscht belt stand-up comedians, Woody Allen and Lenny Bruce, to name a few. Of all things, Steiner was a non-conformist and an experimental visionary, like another one of his heroes, Frank Zappa. These influences would influence Steiner's later work—both his cinematic work and his writings.

As and adult and well in his late 40s, Steiner completed his doctorate in education at the National Louis University in Skokie, Illinois.  Steiner undertook rabbinical studies at the Shalom Hartman Institute, the Hebrew Seminary of the Deaf and the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism.  On November 7, 2017, he was posthumously ordained a rabbi by the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism at a ceremony in Farmington Hills, Michigan.

Career
After earning his art degree at UCLA, Steiner returned to Chicago and soon thereafter moved back to Israel, where he married and had three children.  He continued his creative efforts in Israel, developing CD-ROM and video content for a multimedia company, Hed Arzi Music, and teaching. Steiner strongly believed that the best way to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict was to find ways to get Israeli and Palestinian youth together to create art, play sports and have constructive dialog, so he started an organization that brought together Israeli and Palestinian youth.  It was at this time that Steiner's son befriended some refugees from South Sudan, which formed the inspiration for the documentary Steiner was working on at the time of his death in Africa in 2016.

Upon his return from Israel, Steiner and his family settled in Skokie, Illinois, where Steiner tackled many projects simultaneously. He created educational software products, and invested in residential real estate. Several of his properties were located in the Humboldt Park neighborhood of Chicago, where Steiner started a book club for homeless individuals in that area. During this time, Steiner also served as director of the religious school at Congregation Solel in Highland Park, Illinois, and completed his doctoral degree in education at National Louis University.  Steiner also wrote a number of screenplays at this time.

However, becoming a rabbi was important to Steiner, and he was given the opportunity to study at the Shalom Hartman Institute in Jerusalem, so the family returned to Israel. The return was short-lived, as the economic crisis of 2008–2009 resulted in the reduction of the endowment upon which Steiner's rabbinical program was funded. So the Steiners returned to the United States, this time to Tarzana, California, where Steiner assumed the position of director of education at Valley Beth Shalom in Encino, California.

After a year in California, Steiner returned to Chicago, as his marriage ended in divorce.  Soon after though, he met Diane Kliebard Silverberg, an attorney. Coincidentally, Silverberg  was the daughter of Herbert Kliebard, a noted historian of education at the University of Wisconsin, who was a great influence on Steiner's academic work in the education field. Silverberg and Steiner eventually became engaged, and together, the two traveled to a number of faraway locations where Steiner was invited to speak and lecture, including Hong Kong.  The two also traveled together to Israel, Morocco, Spain, Canada, Cuba, and the United Kingdom. He also gave lectures in Bosnia-Herzegovina.  During this time, Steiner resumed his rabbinical studies at the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism, as well as extensive training as a mediator. Upon completion of his mediation studies, he started Third Eye Mediation, his professional mediation practice.

While attending a mediation conference in Chicago, Steiner met Jonathan Speller, an administrator at the Barbara A. Sizemore Academy, an afrocentric charter school on the South Side of Chicago. Speller invited Steiner to the school for a Kwanzaa celebration; the school fascinated Steiner, and he decided to apply his film skills to teach children attending that school to make a documentary film.  This became the basis for Saving Barbara Sizemore, Steiner's 2016 documentary.

Film

Saving Barbara Sizemore

Steiner's documentary Saving Barbara Sizemore was released in the U.S. on August 27, 2016, at the Capital City Black Film Festival in Austin, Texas.

The film depicts story of the students, teachers and parents of the Barbara A. Sizemore Academy, a charter school in the Englewood area of Chicago. Barbara A. Sizemore Academy serves an African-American community which is economically disadvantaged and beset by violence. The film documents the school's unique methods, which rely heavily on African culture, customs and social structure.

In the fashion of noted documentary filmmaker Michael Moore's classic Roger and Me, Steiner takes a group of school kids to confront School District Superintendent Forrest Claypool and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel about the school district's plans to shut down the school. In so doing, Steiner, who had a doctorate in education, teaches the students not only about how to operate a camera, but also how to use the power of filmmaking as a tool of political advocacy.

Untitled Uganda project

In the mid-2000s, when Steiner lived in Tel Aviv with his wife and children, his young son had befriended a pair of South Sudanese boys. After Steiner returned to the United States with his family to take an administrative position as an educational director at Valley Beth Shalom in Los Angeles, he learned that these boys were being deported, part of an overall Israeli government program to deport African refugees.

This spurred Steiner to action, and he contacted his friend and UCLA film school classmate, David Bret Egen. He and Egen decided to make a documentary film about the refugee crisis, one that would incorporate the stories of his son's South Sudanese friends into a new documentary, to be filmed in the United States, Israel and Uganda, where the South Sudanese boys were living after their removal from Israel—away from their parents, who were living in war-torn Juba, South Sudan.

Steiner and Egen brought with them Sarah Giroux, a camera operator from Chicago, as well as two of the kids who helped make Saving Barbara Sizemore. In December, 2016, they began production of the Uganda portion of the film. They also screened Steiner's first film at a Ugandan film festival. However on December 26, 2016, Steiner was killed in a bus accident, as their vehicle was hit at high speed by a reckless driver outside of Iganga, Uganda, after the crew attended a holiday party.  The other members of the crew escaped with non-life threatening injuries. As of November, 2017, with the film partially completed, the Steiner family and Egen have taken steps to continue and complete the film, as a tribute to Steiner and his legacy.

The Come True Project, an Israeli charity established to help support the education of South Sudanese refugee children living in Uganda, established the David J. Steiner Scholarships Fund in furtherance of this purpose.

Writings and political activism

David Steiner was a prolific writer of articles, blog entries, screenplays, and academic writings.  His blog, titled The Radish: On The Beet with David Steiner, ran for six years (2008-2014), and in it, Steiner discussed a variety of topics related to causes that where close to him—peace in the Middle East, the refugee crisis, Israeli politics, mediation, baseball, and more.  The name of the blog was derived from the first letters of his name: Rabbi Doctor Shteiner.
Israel was always on the forefront of Steiner's mind, and his writings reflected his advocacy for an inclusive Jewish homeland, one built on democracy, tolerance and progressive values.

Steiner was a regular contributor to eJewish Philanthropy, a resource for Jewish organizations and professionals.  His articles drew upon his vast knowledge of Jewish history, philosophy and liturgy, as well as popular culture and contemporary themes and issues.

Steiner was an early supporter of Barack Obama, and in February, 2007, traveled to Springfield, Illinois in freezing cold weather to watch Obama declare for the presidency at an outdoor event. In the 2016 election cycle, he strongly supported Senator Bernie Sanders' presidential campaign. Near the end of his life, Steiner also actively supported protests related to police brutality, more particularly those related to police-involved shootings of unarmed African-Americans.

Among those who noted the passing of Steiner in December, 2016, was Ameinu, the progressive Zionist organization, whose leadership lauded Steiner for "providing thoughtful writings and event programs that fused Jewish scholarship, Israel education and social justice engagement."

In 2017, the Barbara A. Sizemore Academy renamed their media studies center the "David J. Steiner Digital Media Department", in honor of the man whose film helped save their school. As another posthumous honor, the Chicago chapter of the Center for Conflict Resolution named its annual David Steiner Dedicated Volunteer Award after Steiner, acknowledging that the over 200 disputes he mediated in just two years is a record that likely will never be broken—or indeed, even approached.

Personal life
Steiner had a son and two daughters from a previous marriage. At the time of his death, Steiner was engaged to Diane Silverberg, and the two were living together in Evanston, Illinois. Steiner is buried at Memorial Park Cemetery in Skokie, Illinois.  On June 6, 2018, Steiner's son Itamar was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the 40th round of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft.

Filmography

References

External links

 The Radish: On The Beet with David SteinerSteiner's blog from 2008 to 2014.

 eJewish Philanthropy link to Steiner articles
   Come True Project: David J. Steiner Scholarships Fund

1965 births
2016 deaths
Film directors from Illinois
20th-century American Jews
American socialists
American documentary film directors
People from Lincolnwood, Illinois
Film people from Chicago
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
National Louis University alumni
Writers from Chicago
Road incident deaths in Uganda
21st-century American Jews

David J. Steiner


Mitchell Edward Rupe (1955 – February 7, 2006) was a convicted murderer who achieved notoriety when his death sentence was overturned after a judge determined that Rupe was too obese to hang.

On the morning of September 17, 1981 Rupe fatally shot bank tellers Candace Hemmig and Twila Capron during a robbery of Tumwater State Bank in Olympia, Washington. Capron's husband arrived at the bank shortly after the robbery and called 9-1-1. While police were investigating the scene they were approached by Rupe, who told them that he had been at the bank that morning. Rupe was questioned by police several times and confessed to committing the crimes, giving three statements to police officers. Additionally, Rupe's bloodstained checkbook was found at the crime scene, and the type of ammunition used in the crime was found in Rupe's car.

At his trial, Rupe denied any involvement in the crime and blamed a friend of his. A psychologist testified that he had given Rupe a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder and a secondary diagnosis of histrionic personality disorder, and that these disorders caused Rupe to make a false confession. Mitchell Rupe was found guilty of aggravated murder and sentenced to death.

His death sentence was overturned twice, the second time being in 1994 when United States federal judge Thomas S. Zilly ruled that Rupe was too heavy to hang. Rupe was over 425 pounds at the time (as high as the scale went) and the judge was concerned that execution by hanging could cause Rupe to be decapitated, which would constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

Rupe was re-sentenced a third time in 2000 by a new jury.  After a two-week sentencing hearing, Rupe escaped a new death sentence when the jury deadlocked by an 11–1 vote in favor of the death penalty, falling short of the unanimous verdict required by Washington law for imposition of a death sentence.

Rupe died of liver disease in the Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla, Washington on February 7, 2006.

References
Mitchell Rupe, inmate found too heavy to hang, dead at 51 (The Seattle Times, February 7, 2006)
http://law.justia.com/cases/washington/supreme-court/1984/48729-4-1.html

1955 births
2006 deaths
American people convicted of murder
Deaths from hepatitis
American prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Washington (state)
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Washington (state) detention
People convicted of murder by Washington (state)
People with histrionic personality disorder
People with schizotypal personality disorder

Mitchell Rupe


The Honda CB250 G5 is a motorcycle that was produced and sold mainly in Europe between 1974 and 1976. It had a capacity of . Produced with and very closely related to the CB360, the CB250 G5 was also a parallel-twin, four-stroke motorcycle.

The CB250 G5 had a six-speed gearbox.

Honda billed the CB250 G5 in the original owners manual as "one of the finest sport-touring motorcycles available".

CB250 G5
Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines
Motorcycles introduced in 1974

Honda CB250 G5


Ronald Ferns (14 October 1925 – 2 December 1997) was an English illustrator, designer, cartoonist and surrealist painter in oil and watercolour.

He attended Saint Martin's School of Art, London. His first major official commission was a mural for the 1951 Festival of Britain, in the Country Pavilion, for the Milk Marketing Board.  In the same year, he was also commissioned to create the scenic design for the premiere of Fate's Revenge by the Ballet Rambert.

Throughout the 1950s, he contributed witty line illustrations, decorations and cartoons to  Lilliput, for which he also painted several covers in colour, Punch, Picture Post, Scope, and Good Housekeeping, for which he drew a regular series entitled "Semolina Silkpaws".  He also illustrated a series of full-colour booklets for Guinness advertising campaigns.  Other important advertising work included elegant watercolour covers for Fortnum & Mason catalogues.

In the early 1960s, he moved with his wife Iris to St Ives in Cornwall, so he could diversify from "commercial art" into painting and other endeavours.  As well as developing his noted series of surreal paintings in oil, which were sold through the Portal Gallery in London, he set up, with Iris, an initiative called "Studio 22".  Together, they designed and made ceramic jewellery, art pottery and beach clothes such as kaftans.

They moved back to London in the 1970s, where Ronnie continued to paint for the Portal Gallery and provide illustrations for  the Bond Street fashion emporium, Ports.  However, he was increasingly drawn to book illustration.  Alongside a successful series in collaboration with the poet Gavin Ewart – The Learned Hippopotamus (1986), Caterpillar Stew (1990) and Like It Or Not (1992) – he began writing children's stories as well as illustrating them.

His first book as both writer and artist, Osbert And Lucy (1988), was successful not only in Britain but also in the USA, and was translated into several European languages.  It was subsequently included in the 2003 anthology, The Hutchinson Book of Bunny Tales.  His second book, Bumpity And the Big Snake, was published in 1994.

References
 Who's Who In Art, 1962.
 Industrial Artists, Society of (compiler): DESIGNERS IN BRITAIN 3: A BIENNIAL REVIEW OF GRAPHIC AND INDUSTRIAL DESIGN [The Great Exhibition 1851-The Festival of Britain 1951]. London: Allan Wingate, 1951.

English illustrators
English muralists
20th-century English painters
English male painters
1925 births
1997 deaths
St Ives artists
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
20th-century English male artists

Ronald Ferns


Herbert Wayne "Herb" Boyer (born July 10, 1936) is an American biotechnologist, researcher and entrepreneur in biotechnology. Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg, he discovered a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, which aided in jump-starting the field of genetic engineering.

By 1969, Boyer performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of the E.coli bacterium with especially useful properties. He is recipient of the 1990 National Medal of Science, co-recipient of the 1996 Lemelson–MIT Prize, and a co-founder of Genentech. He was professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and later served as vice president of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.

Early life and education
Herbert Boyer was born in 1936 in Derry, Pennsylvania. He received his bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from Saint Vincent College in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, in 1958. He married his wife Grace the following year. He received his PhD at the University of Pittsburgh in 1963 and participated as an activist in the civil rights movement.

Career
Boyer spent three years in postdoctoral work at Yale University in the laboratories of Professors Edward Adelberg and Bruce Carlton, and then became an assistant professor at the University of California, San Francisco and a professor of biochemistry from 1976 to 1991, where he discovered that genes from bacteria could be combined with genes from eukaryotes. In 1977, Boyer's laboratory and collaborators Keiichi Itakura and Arthur Riggs at City of Hope National Medical Center described the first-ever synthesis and expression of a peptide-coding gene. In August 1978, he produced synthetic insulin using his new transgenic genetically modified bacteria, followed in 1979 by a growth hormone.

In 1976, Boyer founded Genentech with venture capitalist Robert A. Swanson.  Genentech's approach to the first synthesis of insulin won out over Walter Gilbert's approach at Biogen which used whole genes from natural sources. Boyer built his gene from its individual nucleotides.

In 1990, Boyer and his wife Grace gave the single largest donation ($10,000,000) bestowed on the Yale School of Medicine by an individual. The Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine was named after the Boyer family in 1991.

At the Class of 2007 Commencement, St. Vincent College announced that they had renamed the School of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Computing the Herbert W. Boyer School.

Among his professional activities, Boyer is on the board of directors of Scripps Research.

Awards
1980 the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
1981 the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
1982 the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) Achievement Award
1989 the National Medal of Technology
1990 the National Medal of Science from President George H. W. Bush
1993 Helmut Horten Research Award
2000 Biotechnology Heritage Award with  Robert A. Swanson, from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Chemical Heritage Foundation
2004 Albany Medical Center Prize (shared with Stanley N. Cohen)
2004 Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine
2005 Winthrop-Sears Medal
2007 Perkin Medal
2009 CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree

References

They Made America by Harold Evans (Little Brown, 2004) and in the subsequent WGBH television series.

1936 births
Living people
20th-century American biologists
American biotechnologists
American civil rights activists
American company founders
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Genentech people
History of biotechnology
History of genetics
Lemelson–MIT Prize
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
National Medal of Technology recipients
People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
Saint Vincent College alumni
University of California, San Francisco faculty
University of Pittsburgh alumni

Herbert Boyer


The Mystics are an American rock and roll group that began in Brooklyn, New York, United States, in the late 1950s.  The group was known as The Overons, a quintet that, when signed to Laurie Records, consisted of Phil Cracolici (born 1937, lead), Albee Cracolici (born 1936, baritone), George Galfo (born 1939, second tenor), Bob Ferrante (born 1936, first tenor), and Al Contrera (born 1940, bass).  Under the direction of their manager, Jim Gribble, The Overons became The Mystics when each group member wrote a name they liked on a slip of paper and placed the papers in a hat; Contrera's choice was drawn.

In March 2015, the five original Mystics—Al Contrera, Albee Cracolici, Phil Cracolici, Bob Ferrante, and George Galfo—were inducted into the Doo Wop Music Hall of Fame in Cerritos, California.

Biography
In late 1958, The Mystics recorded two songs for Laurie Records, "Adam and Eve", and the old Weavers tune "Wimoweh".  Unhappy with the results, Laurie Records commissioned Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman to write an original tune for the group.  Their first effort, the song "A Teenager in Love", however, was given to labelmates Dion and the Belmonts.  Pomus and Shuman were instructed to come up with something else for The Mystics.  The next day, the writers returned with "Hushabye". In May 1959, Laurie Records released "Hushabye" b/w "Adam And Eve" and within a few weeks the record was a hit. Soon Alan Freed started featuring "Hushabye" as the closing tune on his televised Saturday night Big Beat Show. At its peak, "Hushabye" was Top Ten in most of the tri-state area, spending nine weeks on the national chart that spring and summer, where it climbed to No. 20.

Gene Schwartz, head of Laurie Records, was visited by Mark Harris regarding a song of his recorded by another artist on the Laurie label. Gene showed him a stack of demos of songs rejected by The Mystics and asked him to write a song for the group's next recording session. Mark, still in high school, wrote "Don't Take the Stars" over the weekend and presented a demo to the company the following week. The group liked the song and recorded it the very same week. "Don't Take The Stars" hit the chart and became The Mystics' second hit after "Hushabye".

After Phil Cracolici left the group later part of 1959 their lead singers changed several times after that. Paul Simon (a.k.a. Jerry Landis), who frequently hung around Gribble's office, became The Mystics' new lead. In January 1960, "All Through the Night" (with five voices singing together with no distinct lead), "I Began to Think of You" and "Let Me Steal Your Heart Away" were recorded.

When Paul Simon left the group to pursue other projects, The Mystics chose John "Jay" Traynor, who later went on to form Jay and the Americans.  On May 11, 1960, The Mystics with Jay Traynor on lead recorded "White Cliffs of Dover", "Blue Star" and "Over the Rainbow" at RCA Studios. Inspired by The Del-Vikings' version, they chose "White Cliffs Of Dover", a song they often sang at live shows long before recording it. Backed with "Blue Star", "White Cliffs of Dover" received only local play. "Over the Rainbow" remained unreleased until the late 1980s when Ace Records issued a Mystics album.

Eddie "Shots" Falcone became their next lead singer, and The Mystics recorded  "Star Crossed Lovers" b/w "Goodbye Mister Blues", with Falcone singing lead.  This record failed to chart and shortly thereafter, a young Ralph Lizano led the group with a song he had written called "Darling I Know Now".  "Sunday Kind of Love" and "Again" also featured Ralph Lizano on lead. The first two songs, though released, received no airplay. "Again" was not released until the Crystal Ball LP.

In mid-1961, The Mystics stopped recording and performing. The nostalgia boom that began in 1969 brought the original five members back together and they began performing again on the rock and roll revival circuit. George Galfo and Bob Ferrante left the group after a few years, making the group the Cracolicis, Al Contrera, and new members Joe Esposito, Bruce Sudano, and Eddie Hockinson. Contrera was invited to California for a special project shortly thereafter; he declined, but sent Esposito. Sudano and Hockinson followed, and the three formed the group Brooklyn Dreams. Three new members came in: John Tarangelo (Johnny T), Joey Napoli, and Emil Stucchio. Stucchio is the original lead singer of The Classics, famous in their own right with their hit record "Till Then". The Classics and Mystics were acquainted, as they both came from Brooklyn.

By the early 1980s, the group was Phil Cracolici, Albee Cracolici, Al Contrera, and Johnny T. In 1982, Bob Ferrante was in town when the group was set to record an album, so he joined them. The album was Crazy for You for the Ambient Sound label. It featured re-recordings of three Overons original tunes: "Prayer to an Angel", "Why Do You Pretend" and "The Bells Are Ringing". That year, Ken Filmer joined the group. This quintet made up the Mystics until 1990, when Johnny T left the group.

In the late 1990s, the Mystics, the Classics and the Passions, who are all from the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn and have been friends since the 1950s, started performing together in the Brooklyn Reunion Show. This act emphasized their common roots and longtime friendships, and the fact that each group scored successive hit records. The Brooklyn Reunion Show proved to be a popular act, recording and releasing a CD and touring for almost ten years.

Phil Cracolici and Ken Filmer were featured with the Brooklyn Reunion in the pledge breaks of Doo Wop 50 when the special was broadcast in May 2000. Al Contrera and Emil Stuccio were also featured with their current group, The Classics. Albee Cracolici later joined with his brother and Filmer, and the trio comprised the group in the early 2000s. This lineup with Al Contrera performed as The Mystics for another PBS special, Doo Wop Love Songs, filmed in 2007. Filmer and Albee Cracolici left the group in 2007, and Phil Cracolici performs with a new group.

George Galfo headed up his own Mystic group, billed as George Galfo's Mystics, from 2002 until January 2011 and toured throughout Florida, New England, New York, Philadelphia, North Carolina, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa and Las Vegas. Members of that group were Mike Miller, Joe Neary and Shelly Brill.

As of January 2011, Phil Cracolici  has joined his nephew George Galfo (original second tenor) and his group George Galfo's Mystics, which is now known as simply The Mystics. The members now  are Original founding member George Galfo now joined by his brothers in music Ralph Rati, Jerry Frulio and Anthony DeFontes. Phil Cracolici exited the group on Nov. 22nd, 2022.

See also
 Alive N Kickin'

References

External links
The Original Mystics

Doo-wop groups
Laurie Records artists
Musical groups from Brooklyn

The Mystics


Lewisville Independent School District (LISD) is a 127-square mile school district based in Lewisville, Texas (USA) covering all of Lewisville, The Colony, Highland Village, Copper Canyon, and Double Oak as well as portions of Flower Mound, Plano, Carrollton, Frisco, Hebron, Coppell, Grapevine and Argyle.

The recent suburban growth of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex has caused LISD to grow at a great pace, becoming the 94th-largest school district in the United States in 2006. Proximity calculated a 28.56% increase in student population from 2000 to 2006; LISD was declared the 17th largest school district in the State of Texas in 2008.  To help maintain this growth, in May 2008, voters approved a $697 million bond package.

In 2010, the school district was rated "Recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.

History

For several years in the 2000s and 2010s the district grew by about 2,000 pupils annually. In the 2000s the district expected to have its student body reach 60,000 by 2016, but a 2011 study commissioned by the district stated that the student enrollment would peak at 55,000.

In the early twenty-first century, Lewisville ISD high schools began to reach their capacities, prompting the decision by the school board to construct additional ninth and tenth grade campuses for all schools except for The Colony High School. In the case of Edward S. Marcus High School, Flower Mound High School, and Hebron High School, ninth grade centers were built adjascent to the existing campuses. Lewisville High School gained two additional campuses, LHS Killough and LHS Harmon. Ninth and tenth grade students attend both of these campuses, before attending classes on the main campus for their junior and senior years.

In 2013 the district planned to change attendance boundaries of Flower Mound middle schools, causing some controversy in that city.

Athletics

The 10,000-capacity Max Goldsmith Stadium is the home of the Lewisville Farmers.

1:X
1:X (pronounced 1 to X) is a program implemented across the District of LISD. The program rolled out iPads to the vast majority of LISD Students, and implemented Google Apps specifically for the school district. The goal is to have "The right technology at the right time."

iPad replacement program
Beginning in 2018, 4th graders and current high school students received new 10.5" iPad Pro devices with keyboard cases to replace aging iPad Airs implemented in 2014. Students in grades 5-8 received the exact same iPad Air devices they had before, but with a new Mobile Device Management and a new case with no keyboard. In fall 2019, students in grades 5-8 received new iPad Pros with keyboards to match the rest of the district.

Fiber network
Starting in 2016 and completing in spring 2018, LISD rolled out a fiber optic network provided by Unite Private Networks, that provides speeds of up to 1 Gbit/s. This network replaced aging cable infrastructure from local ISP Grande Communications. The district also installed a link to the Region XI Educational Service Center.

Schools

High schools
 Edward S. Marcus High School (1981)
 Flower Mound High School (1999)
 Hebron High School (1999)
 Lewisville High School (1897)
 Killough Lewisville High School North (2005)
 Lewisville High School - Harmon (2010)
 The Colony High School (1986)

Middle schools
(S)--denotes a STEM Academy
 Arbor Creek Middle School
 Briarhill Middle School
 Creek Valley Middle School (S)
 Delay Middle School
 Downing Middle School (S)
 Durham Middle School
 Forestwood Middle School (S)
 Griffin Middle School
 Hedrick Middle School (S)
 Huffines Middle School
 Killian Middle School
 Lakeview Middle School
 Lamar Middle School
 McKamy Middle School
 Shadow Ridge Middle School

Elementary schools
(S)--denotes a STEM Academy
 B.B. Owen Elementary
 Bluebonnet Elementary
 Bridlewood Elementary (S)
 Camey Elementary
 Castle Hills Elementary
 Central Elementary
 Coyote Ridge Elementary
 Creekside Elementary
 Degan Elementary
 Donald Elementary (S)
2006 National Blue Ribbon School
 Ethridge Elementary
 Flower Mound Elementary
1993–94 National Blue Ribbon School
 Forest Vista Elementary
 Garden Ridge Elementary
 Hebron Valley Elementary
 Heritage Elementary
2000–01 National Blue Ribbon School
 Hicks Elementary
 Highland Village Elementary
1993–94 National Blue Ribbon School
 Homestead Elementary
 Indian Creek Elementary
 Independence Elementary
 Lakeland Elementary
 Lewisville Elementary
 Liberty Elementary
 McAuliffe Elementary
 Memorial Elementary (S)
 Mill Street Elementary
 Morningside Elementary
 Old Settlers Elementary
 Parkway Elementary School
 Peters Colony Elementary
 Polser Elementary (S)
 Prairie Trail Elementary
 Rockbrook Elementary
 Southridge Elementary
 Timber Creek Elementary
 Valley Ridge Elementary (S)
 Vickery Elementary
 Wellington Elementary

Other schools
 Lillie J. Jackson Early Childhood Center (for students that qualify under the TEA Prekindergarten requirements)
 The Colony Collegiate Academy
 TECC-East
 TECC-West
 Denton County Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Program (housed at Lewisville Learning Center)
 Lewisville Learning Center (technically classified as a high school). The LLC offers three main programs:
 District Alternative Education Program, for disciplinary students
 Accelerated Division, for grade advancement in both middle and high schools
 Student Age Parenting Program, the only location in LISD to currently offer parenting education classes

Former schools
Lina Milliken Middle School (opened in 1977, closed in 1997; after closure as a middle school, the facility was used as the Lewisville High 9th Grade Campus until its new facility opened in 2005, whereupon it was closed and unoccupied until 2010 when it reopened as the relocated Delay Middle School.
1992–93 National Blue Ribbon School
College Street Elementary School (closed in 2019, repurposed as the Student Success Center
Stewart's Creek Elementary School (Opened 1981, closed early 2021)
Dale Jackson Career Center (opened 1985, closed 2020 upon opening of TECC-West, now houses the district's facility services center)
Hedrick Elementary (closed 2019, demolished along with the former Hedrick Middle School campus and replaced with a larger Hedrick Middle School)

See also
 List of school districts in Texas

References

External links
 Lewisville Independent School District home page
 Facts and Figures regarding LISD
 1:X home page

Lewisville, Texas
School districts in Denton County, Texas
School districts in Tarrant County, Texas
Coppell, Texas
Plano, Texas
Carrollton, Texas
Frisco, Texas
1902 establishments in Texas
School districts established in 1902

Lewisville Independent School District


The Mitsubishi B5M was an Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service (IJNAS) land-based attack aircraft, originally intended for carrier use. The B5M was also given the long formal designation  and Allied reporting name of Mabel.

The B5M was designed in response to a 1935 specification for a new bomber for use on the IJNAS aircraft carriers (Mitsubishi Navy Experimental 10-Shi Carrier Torpedo Attacker). The machine was to have a crew of three, folding wings for flight deck storage, a speed of not less than 322 km/h (200 mph), a flight endurance of not less than seven hours, and the ability to carry at least 800 kg (1,760 lb) of bombs - a tall order for a single-engine aircraft of the mid-1930s. It was intended as a backup for the Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bomber. Although designed as a carrier-based aircraft, it was relegated to land-based torpedo bomber duties in World War II. 125 were built.

Operational history
The aircraft that Mitsubishi produced first flew in 1937 and was an all-metal, low-wing cantilever monoplane with fixed undercarriage with large wheel spats. The crew of three sat in a long canopy that had a smooth transition to the fuselage. The B5M1s began equipping Japanese Naval units in late 1937, but their performance was never as satisfactory as was that of other Japanese aircraft carrier-based bombers. The B5M1's performance was considered marginal and only 125 were manufactured. While they had originally been intended for aircraft carrier use, the majority were employed during the early months of World War II from land bases in Southeast Asia and in China, where they were confronted by weak or no enemy fighter opposition. These machines ended their careers as trainers, target tugs, and kamikazes.

Variants
B5M1:Three-seat attack aircraft for the Imperial Japanese Navy.

Operators

Imperial Japanese Navy

Specifications (Mitsubishi B5M1)

See also

References

Bibliography

Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam, 1970. .
Francillon, René J. Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. .

Carrier-based aircraft
B5M
B5M, Mitsubishi
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Low-wing aircraft
B5M, Mitsubishi
Aircraft first flown in 1937

Mitsubishi B5M


The Pawl Kut is a festival of Mizoram held in December in India. Pawl means "Straw" hence pawl kut means a straw harvest festival. It is typically celebrated in December for two days after harvest and an important festival. It is one of the main festivals of the people of Mizoram, being a post-harvest festival. This is a festival observed in December for two days.

Origin
The origin of Pawl Kut dates back to a period when people of Mizoram used to live near the River Tiau around 1450 to 1700 AD. A severe famine occurred for three continuous years. On the fourth year, there was a bumper crop. Thus people celebrate Pawl Kut as an act of thanksgiving to the Almighty for giving a bountiful harvest.

Celebration
Meat and egg form a customary part of the feast for the festival. A ritual known as Chawnghnawt is observed during the festival. During Chawnghnawt ritual mother and her children are made to sit on a memorial platform constructed specially for the purpose of Pawl Kut. The mother feeds her children with meat and eggs, and her children in turn feed their mother with eggs and meat.

References

Festivals in Mizoram
Harvest festivals in India
Food and drink festivals in India

Pawl Kut


A rip tide, or riptide, is a strong offshore current that is caused by the tide pulling water through an inlet along a barrier beach, at a lagoon or inland marina where tide water flows steadily out to sea during ebb tide. It is a strong tidal flow of water within estuaries and other enclosed tidal areas. The riptides become the strongest where the flow is constricted. When there is a falling or ebbing tide, the outflow water is strongly flowing through an inlet toward the sea, especially once stabilized by jetties.

Dynamics
During these falling and ebbing tides, a riptide can carry a person far offshore.  For example, the ebbing tide at Shinnecock Inlet in Southampton, New York, extends more than  offshore.  Because of this, riptides are typically more powerful than rip currents.

During slack tide, the water is motionless for a short period of time until the flooding or rising tide starts pushing the sea water landward through the inlet. Riptides also occur at constricted areas in bays and lagoons where there are no waves near an inlet.

These strong, reversing currents can also be termed ebb jets, flood jet, or tidal jets by coastal engineers because they carry large quantities of sand outward that form sandbars far out in the ocean or into the bay outside the inlet channel. The term "ebb jet" would be used for a tidal current leaving an enclosed tidal area, and "flood jet" for the equivalent tidal current entering it.

Surviving rip tides
People often drown by swimming directly against a rip current, which tires them out. People are advised to not fight the current, which is too strong for any swimmer. People should not try to swim directly inwards, towards the beach. They should relax, and swim parallel to the beach. Eventually, they will be out of the rip current.

Rip tide and rip currents
The term rip tide is often incorrectly used to refer to rip currents, which are not tidal flows. A rip current is a strong, narrow jet of water that moves away from the beach and into the ocean as a result of local wave motion. Rip currents can flow quickly, are unpredictable, and come about from what happens to waves as they interact with the shape of the sea bed. In contrast, a rip tide is caused by tidal movements, as opposed to wave action, and is a predictable rise and fall of the water level.

The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration comments:

Rip currents are not rip tides. A specific type of current associated with tides may include both the ebb and flood tidal currents that are caused by egress and ingress of the tide through inlets and the mouths of estuaries, embayments, and harbors. These currents may cause drowning deaths, but these tidal currents or tidal jets are separate and distinct phenomena from rip currents. Recommended terms for these phenomena include ebb jet, flood jet, or tidal jet.

See also
 Rip current
 Tidal bore

References

Oceanography
Physical oceanography
Bodies of water
Tides

Rip tide


is an osaekomi-waza (holding technique) of judo. The hold works on the same basic principle as hon-kesa-gatame with the hold being applied across uke's chest with standard kesa-gatame leg positioning. What distinguishes ushiro-kesa-gatame from hon-kesa-gatame and kuzure-kesa-gatame is that tori's body positioning is reversed, facing towards uke's feet.

References

Judo technique

Ushiro-kesa-gatame


Alastair Gordon Balls CB, DL (born 18 March 1944) is a former senior economic adviser to the UK HM Treasury and director, Northern Region, Departments of Environment and Transport, and is Chairman of the International Centre for Life.

Education and Whitehall career
Balls was born on 18 March 1944 and educated at Hamilton Academy in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, from which he went on to read economics at the University of St Andrews and the University of Manchester. From 1966 to 1973 he worked as an economist in the post of assistant Secretary to the Treasury of the Government of Tanzania; thereafter as an economist with the UK Government's Department of Transport, 1969–73. Alastair Balls served as secretary to the UK government's Channel Tunnel advisory committee of experts (the Cairncross Committee of 1974–75) chaired by another Scottish economist Sir Alexander Cairncross, also a former pupil of Hamilton Academy. In further Whitehall appointments, in 1976 Balls was appointed Senior Economic Advisor to HM Treasury; in 1979 appointed assistant Secretary at the UK's Department of Environment; and in 1983 promoted to under-Secretary and director, Northern Region of the Transport and Environment departments, regional development programmes being among his responsibilities, and an interest that was to be developed in subsequent appointments.

Later career and appointments
In 1987, Alastair Balls took up the appointment as Chief executive of the newly established Tyne and Wear Development Corporation, a post he was to hold until the corporation was dissolved in 1998. Serving (from 1998 to 2003) as a member of the board of the Independent Television Commission, and as vice-chairman of the Council of the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Alastair Balls had also been appointed (2002) a non-executive director of Northumbrian Water. This was followed by his appointment as chairman (2004–07) of the NewcastleGateshead Initiative.

In January 2006, Alastair Balls took up the post as Chairman of the Northern Rock Foundation and in December of that year was also appointed to the board of the Higher Education Funding Council for England. In 2007, Alastair Balls became Chairman of the Alzheimer's Society. He is also a Deputy Lieutenant of Tyne and Wear.

The International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England
 In 1997, Alastair Balls was appointed Chief executive of the founding organisation of the International Centre for Life, the £70 million independent experimental science village, developed in conjunction with Newcastle University and University of Durham, majoring in genetics and life sciences that has been in the forefront of developments in embryonic human stem cell cultivation and transfer. In 2007 Alastair Balls stood down as chief executive of the Centre for Life, to become chairman of its board of trustees.

Awards and honours
In the New Year Honours of 1994, Alastair Balls was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) for "services to regeneration in the north east of England."

References

External links
International Centre for Life
Alzheimer's Society
Northern Rock Foundation

1944 births
People educated at Hamilton Academy
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Scottish economists
Members of HM Government Economic Service
Civil servants in HM Treasury
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Deputy Lieutenants of Tyne and Wear
Living people
Civil servants in the Ministry of Transport (United Kingdom)
Civil servants in the Department of the Environment

Alastair Balls


Supersonic Acrobatic Rocket-Powered Battle-Cars (commonly abbreviated as SARPBC), is a vehicular soccer video game for the PlayStation 3. The game was released in North America in October 2008, and in Europe in February 2009. The campaign mode of the game is made up of a series of different mini-games, and tournaments against AI which can only be played in single-player mode.

A sequel, titled Rocket League, was released in July 2015.
Rocket League was released for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows early in development, but in 2016, it was also released on Xbox One.
In 2017, it was released on the Nintendo Switch.

2008 video games
Indie video games
PlayStation 3 games
Racing video games


Dangerous Love is a 1920 American silent Western film based on the 1917 novel Ben Warman by Charles E. Winter, who would later become a congressman for Wyoming. The film was directed by Charles Bartlett, and stars Pete Morrison, Carol Holloway, Ruth King, Jack Richardson, and Spottiswoode Aitken. The movie was shot at the Lakeside Studios in Denver, Colorado. The feature had previously been announced under several titles before its release, including The Vanishing Strain, Ben Warman, A Good Bad Man, and Broken Promises.

Synopsis
Ben Warman, a likable boy with a proclivity for gambling and fighting, alienates the owner of a saloon in a Western mining town by helping a girl remove her drunken father from the premises. In so doing he makes a friend of the Woman, a young school teacher who makes Ben promise to give up his vices. Their romance is endangered, however, by the arrival of an Eastern girl, who takes a fancy to Ben, and her brother, who falls for the schoolteacher. The Easterners see that the teacher gets false reports of the cause of Ben's fights, and the schoolteacher leaves for the East to study music. The saloon owner, enlisting the aid of an adventuress, hatches a plan to defraud Ben of a mine claim, but the school teacher returns in time to foil the scheme and be reunited with Ben.

Cast
 Pete Morrison as Ben Warman
 Carol Holloway as The Woman
 Ruth King as The Other Woman
 Spottiswoode Aitken as The Father
 Harry von Meter as Gerald Lorimer
 William Lion West as Cafe Owner
 Jack Richardson as Half-Breed
 Verne Layton as The Editor
 William Welsh
 Zelma Edwards

Preservation
The film is preserved in the Library of Congress collection.

References

External links

1920 films
1920 Western (genre) films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Charles Bartlett
American black-and-white films
Films shot in Colorado
Silent American Western (genre) films
Films based on Western (genre) novels
1920s American films
1920s English-language films

Dangerous Love (1920 film)


A Distant Trumpet is a 1964 American Western film, the last directed by Raoul Walsh. It stars Troy Donahue, Suzanne Pleshette and Diane McBain.

The screenplay by John Twist, Albert Beich and Richard Fielder is based on the 1960 novel of the same name by Paul Horgan.

Plot
In 1883, U.S. Army Cavalry 2nd Lieutenant Matthew Hazard, newly graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York (on the Hudson River), is assigned to isolated Fort Delivery on the Mexican border of the Arizona Territory in the early 1880s, where he meets 1st Lieutenant Teddy Mainwarring's wife Kitty, whom he later rescues from an Indian attack.

Major General Alexander Quaint, (James Gregory), arrives at Fort Delivery to conduct an official inquiry into illegal and prejudicial actions and activities resulting in abuse of persons and destruction and theft of properties perpetuated or authorized by elements of the fort's Command. After the inquiry, General Quaint apologizes to the officers of Fort Delivery for the mock inquiry and proceeds to present his plan to capture Chiricahua Apache chief "War Eagle".

When his efforts to capture Chiricahua Apache chief "War Eagle" fail, he sends Lt. Hazard into northern Mexico to  meet the Indian chief to convince him to surrender. After a long arduous trip south across the border in desolate deserts and buttes, canyons with dry ravines, and gulches, Lt. Hazard meets War Eagle and asks him to surrender and return with him on the promise that the Indians will be provided a safe haven at a reservation near their ancient tribal homeland in Arizona. En route back to the fort, they encounter a Major Miller, an officer who rose from the ranks, who was sent out to meet the surrendering Indian party and take them into custody as prisoners to be sent instead to exile in Florida.

Lt. Hazard was ordered to report to the Secretary of War in Washington, D.C. At the office of the Secretary of War, Lt. Hazard was presented the Congressional Medal of Honor. Lt. Hazard took this opportunity, to ask the Secretary of War to reverse their decision to send the Chiricahua Apache Indians to Florida and instead implement the promises he made to the Indians that they will be sent to a reservation in Arizona. When the Secretary of War refused Lt. Hazard's request, the latter in front of an assembly of press and family, makes a bold declaration about how the Indians have been betrayed by the United States Army and returned his Medal of Honor and gave his verbal resignation from the Army.

General Quaint also took this occasion to hand in his resignation as a show of solidarity with the protest of Lt. Hazard.
Gen. Quaint continued in trying to convince the Secretary of War to reverse their decision and allow Lt. Hazard to keep his word to War Eagle. Since the Secretary of War would not budge and instead called by telephone the President of the United States of America, (Chester A. Arthur) to consult, Gen. Quaint took this opportunity to talk with the President to warn him that there would be trouble with the Indians if the decision of the War Department was not reversed.

The President overruled the Secretary of War and ordered the release of the Indian prisoners. Lt. Hazard was promoted to Captain and assigned as the new commanding officer of Fort Delivery. Capt. Hazard and Kitty, the widow of Lt. Teddy Mainwarring were married.

Cast
 Troy Donahue as 2nd Lt. Matthew Hazard, U.S.A.
 Suzanne Pleshette as Kitty Mainwarring
 William Reynolds as 1st Lt. Teddy Mainwarring, U.S.A.
 James Gregory as Maj. Gen. Alexander Quaint, U.S.A.
 Diane McBain as Laura Frelief
 Claude Akins as Seely Jones – Traveling merchant offering wagon load of prostitutes, dance hall girls and selling liquor to isolated military posts.
 Kent Smith as the U.S. Secretary of War (in the Arthur administration)
 Bartlett Robinson as  Maj. Hiram Prescott
 Lane Bradford as  Maj. Miller
 Judson Pratt as Capt. Cedric Gray, MD
 Russell Johnson as Capt. Brinker
 Richard X. Slattery as 1st Sgt. Fry
 Larry Ward as Sgt. Kroger
 Bobby Bare as Pvt. Cranshaw

Original novel
The film was based on a 629-page novel, published in 1960, which was based on extensive historical research. The New York Times called it "the finest novel yet on the Southwest in its settling." Another reviewer for the same paper called it a "first rate historical novel."

Production
Warners bought the film rights and announced they would make the film in 1960 with James Woolf and Jack Clayton as producer and director, Laurence Harvey as star, and Alan Le May to do the script. It would be made for Challet Productions, Harvey's production company.

Burt Kennedy wrote a draft of the script; he was under contract to Warners at the time and called the novel "wonderful". Then Clayton was replaced by Leslie H. Martinson. Eventually, the film was set up with an entirely new producer, director and writer.

Significant changes were made from Horgan's novel in reversing the character traits of the female leads, making Kitty Mainwarring the object of Hazard's affections and Laura the negative personality; and altering the narrative's climax (and history), by reversing the fate of the Apaches from their historic removal to Florida and restoring the male protagonists to full duty, thereby negating Hazard's point-of-honor refusal of the congressional Medal of Honor and resignation from the Army, which was the basis for the entire storyline.

Shooting took place in September 1963. Location filming occurred in Flagstaff, Arizona and Gallup, New Mexico.

Critical reception
In his review in The New York Times, Bosley Crowther called the film:
A deadly bore...so dull you even lose interest in watching the horses and the stunt men doing their stuff...Seldom has there been a Western picture on which so much money was spent...from which so little excitement, energy or colorfulness exudes. It's as though Mr. Walsh and everybody were bitten by tsetse flies and went through the business of shooting the picture in a state of drowsiness."
Variety said:
The stunning location terrain of the Red Rocks area of New Mexico and Arizona's Painted Desert gives the production a tremendous pictorial lift. Max Steiner's score is a driving dramatic force but the use of the main theme seems a trifle excessive. The picture would benefit from a lot more pruning by editor David Wages.

Time Out New York feels that despite "an average script and a colourless lead performance from Donahue" the film "[emerges] as a majestically simple, sweeping cavalry Western, a little reminiscent of Ford in mood and manner. Brilliantly shot by William Clothier, it tends to have its cake and eat it by indulging in a spectacular massacre before introducing the liberal message, but still goes further than most in according respect to the Indian by letting him speak his own language (with subtitles)."

Peter Bogdanovich called the film:
One of Walsh's weakest pictures, caused mainly by an intolerably bad cast and a predictable script. Whenever the director is allowed to linger on shots of horses and riders, Indians and cavalry, and on their battles, he shows his vitality, personality and strength. Otherwise, his efforts are hopeless against the talentless players and the hopeless words they are required to speak.

See also
 List of American films of 1964

References

External links
 A Distant Trumpet at the Internet Movie Database
 A Distant Trumpet at Turner Classic Movies

1964 films
American Western (genre) films
1964 Western (genre) films
Films set in 1883
Films based on American novels
Films based on Western (genre) novels
1960s English-language films
Warner Bros. films
Films scored by Max Steiner
Films directed by Raoul Walsh
Western (genre) cavalry films
Films set in Arizona
Films set in Mexico
1960s American films

A Distant Trumpet


Robert Sibbald Calderwood FRSE (1864-1960)  was a Church of Scotland minister. He served for 51 years at Cambuslang Old Parish Church.

Life

He was born in Blysthwood, Glasgow on 2 December 1864 the son of Robert Wilson Calderwood and Mary Sibbald. He was educated at the Normal School in Glasgow and then attended Glasgow University.

He was secretary to a famous minister, Rev Dr George Matheson. In 1888 he was a student missionary on Loch Lomond. He was licensed by the Presbytery of Glasgow on 2 June 1889 then became assistant minister at St Matthew's Parish, Glasgow, before moving to Garelochhead (6 February 1890) where he served as minister until 1900. On 3 May 1900 he transferred to the Tolbooth Church in Edinburgh where he served until 1908. He was chaplain to His Majesty's Prison Edinburgh from 1905 until 1908, when he was called to Cambuslang on 24 June 1908. There he served for a staggering 51 years, well into his dotage.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1910 his proposers being David Fowler Lowe, Robert Taylor Skinner and James Haig Ferguson.

He continued the improvements to the Cambuslang church throughout his life, installing a new Chancel in 1922.

In 1928 he was made a Doctor of Divinity (DD) by Glasgow University.

He died in Edinburgh on 3 March 1960 aged 93.

Works

He produced a series of New Testament Lessons for the Scottish National Sabbath School Lessons in 1911 and in the same year published Patriotism - a coronation address.

References

Rev Dr Hew Scott Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae : the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation . Synod of Glasgow and Ayr; Presbytery of Hamilton (Edinburgh 1914)

1864 births
1960 deaths
19th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
20th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Clergy from Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Cambuslang
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Prison chaplains

Robert S. Calderwood


John Walker D.D. (died 1588) was an English churchman, archdeacon of Essex from 1571.

Life
Walker graduated from Cambridge, B.A. in 1547, and M.A. of Peterhouse in 1551. He was B.D. in 1563, and D.D. in 1569. He was presented to the small living of Alderton, Suffolk, and at some time was a noted preacher at Ipswich.

Walker attended the Convocation of 1563 as proctor for the clergy of Suffolk. In this capacity he voted in favour of the six articles for reforming rites and ceremonies, and signed the petition of the lower house for improved discipline. In 1564 he was licensed to be parish chaplain in St. Peter's, Norwich. Here his preaching was admired, and Matthew Parker, finding in 1568 that Walker was about to return to Alderton to avoid an information for non-residence, suggested that one of the prebendaries named Smythe should resign in Walker's favour. Parker also appealed to Lord-chancellor Nicholas Bacon, as did the Duke of Norfolk, with the result that, after some delay, Walker was installed a canon of Norwich on 20 December 1569.

In September 1570 Walker and some other Puritan prebendaries protested against the ornaments in Norwich Cathedral. He was cited, it appears, to Lambeth Palace in 1571 for his puritanism, but was collated to the archdeaconry of Essex on 10 July 1571, to the rectory of Laindon-cum-Basildon, Essex, on 12 November 1573, and on 14 August 1575 was installed prebendary of Mora in St. Paul's Cathedral.

John Aylmer summoned Walker in 1578 to elect sixty of the clergy to be visitors during the prevalence of the plague. In 1581 he was prominent in the conviction of Richard Wright, chaplain to Robert Rich, 2nd Baron Rich, who because of his ordination at Antwerp was refused a licence by the bishop; and on 27 September of the same year he assisted William Charke at a conference in the Tower of London with Edmund Campion, the Jesuit. The fourth day's dispute was chiefly in Walker's hands. Bishop Aylmer also employed him to collect materials for a work in refutation of Campion's Decem Rationes, and in 1582 appointed him to confer with captured Catholic priests. He preached at Aylmer's visitation on 21 June 1583, but resigned the archdeaconry about August 1585, and died before 12 December 1588, on which date the prebend in St. Paul's was declared vacant by his death.

Works
Walker wrote a dedicatory epistle to Certaine Godlie Homilies or Sermons, translated by Robert Norton from Rodolph Gualter, London, 1573.

References

Attribution

Year of birth missing
1588 deaths
16th-century English Anglican priests
Archdeacons of Essex
English religious writers
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
Clergy from Suffolk
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
English male non-fiction writers

John Walker (archdeacon of Essex)


Pieter De Bruyne (Aalst, Belgium, 1931 - 1987) was a Flemish artist, designer and interior architect.

Life
In 1953, De Bruyne graduated as an interior architect at the Sint-Lucas School in Brussels. In 1955–56 and 1957, he participated in the salons of modern social furniture in Ghent, and in 1958, he received the "Golden Mark". At this time, De Bruyne also did an internship at Studio Giò Ponti in Milan. In 1959, he received an honourable mention in the international furniture competition of Cantù. In 1960, De Bruyne won a prize with chair designs in the European  Arflex - Domus (magazine) competition in Milan. In 1961, he won another prize at Cantù with a dining room design. He held exhibitions in Belgium and abroad and took on the most diverse assignments.

De Bruyne taught at the St.-Lukas Institute in Schaarbeek, and received a state prize in 1984 for his artistic career. The entire archive of his work is owned by the  Design Museum Gent.

Work
On the occasion of an exhibit in the Saint Peter's Abbey in Ghent in 1976, Jan Pieter Ballegeer writes: "But what is the message of De Bruyne's furniture? There is, first and foremost, an attack of sorts on the familiar itself, an annihilation, if you will, of the common. There is a distortion of objects as one sees in dadaism, surrealism and pop-art. However, De Bruyne's deformation is not characteristically expressionistic, not mainly meant to be understood immediately, but rather delicately mysterious and complexly aesthetic, ingeniously manneristic. The designer's artistic self-awareness lends to his furniture a remarkable monumentality? Their nature almost demands that they not be placed against walls or in corners, but that they stand free in space, like sculptures.

Pioneer of the postmodern
De Bruyne's projects from the period 1970–1987 should definitely be linked to the postmodern  school in architecture and design. The best-known designers in this respect are Studio Alchimia and the Memphis Group (Alessandro Mendini, A. Branzi, Ettore Sottsass). The many traits in common with the postmodern Italians should not obscure the fact that De Bruyne had already started this type of work in 1970, whereas Studio Alchimia and the Memphis Group only developed their activities a decade later. This is exactly why some call De Bruyne a precursor of postmodern furniture.

Chantilly cabinet
De Bruyne was paid hommage in the exhibition "Postmodernism, style and subversion 1970–1990" in the London Victoria and Albert Museum  (2011–2012), where his Chantilly cabinet (1975) took up a prominent place.

Egypt
In 1974, a special interest in Egypt takes hold. De Bruyne looks into the meaning of Egyptian contributions to furniture history. Like a scientist, De Bruyne collects data about the Egyptian furniture piece, analyses and compares it. A decade worth of numerous measurements results in hundreds of drawings about the structure of the Egyptian furniture. Based on these drawings, he makes mathematical and structural analyses. In 1985, De Bruyne comes up with spectacular results: he supposedly found the key to the secret canon and deciphered the underlying laws of Egyptian furniture, painting and sculpture. Moreover, his findings would serve as a basis for the understanding of Egyptian pyramids from a rational and mathematical perspective. De Bruyne plans a book with the results of his studies by the end of 1985, but finds some obstacles in his way that complicate the completion of his work. In February 1987, De Bruyne passes away. In 1982, he used the Egyptian measuring system in his own designs. By the end of his career, he would apply the entire canon to his work.

Furniture and objects
Pieter De Bruyne designed an unprecedented number of furniture pieces and objects, over 200 of which were realised. De Bruyne also designed more than 175 interiors and architectural projects. De Bruyne designed also 5 chandeliers for Arteluce (Gino Sarfatti) and Stilnovo.
De Bruyne's furniture has been exhibited both at home and abroad, including Los Angeles, London, Mainz, Zurich, Bari and Amsterdam. In 2022, De Bruyne made its debut at the art and design fair PAD Paris.

Pieter De Bruyne residence

In 1972, he renovated a neoclassicistic townhouse in Aalst, turning it into a work residence. In 2008 the building was protected as monument. The designer named several rooms after a special colour, which then defined its decoration, like the blue room.

Van Schuylenbergh residence
In 1979-1986, Pieter De Bruyne delivers his final masterpiece. A townhouse in Aalst near Brussels. In 2021 the building and its entire interior were protected as monument by the flemish minister Matthias Diependaele.
In 2022, the property received national and international attention with the publication of an article in the specialised magazines Interior Design(US) and the German Häuser. Earlier, an article also appeared in heritage magazine Monumentaal(NL).

Bibliography

Schofield, M., (red.) (1978) Decorative Art and Modern Interiors 1978, Volume 67, London, New York, 38-45.
Kieckens, Christian & Storgaard, Eva :Pieter De Bruyne - Pionier van het postmoderne, Uitg Academic & Scientific Publischers, Brussel,
Gillo Dorfles "I Mobili simbolici di Pieter De Bruyne", Domus 668, gennaio 1986, 72-73.
Sven-Claude Bettinger, "Pieter De Bruyne, Möbel-Plastiken und Interieurs für Ästheten", Raum, n°8 1983, 2-6.
Stefano Casciani, "Per una poetica industriale", Casa Vogue n°171 1986, 150-151.
Bekkers, L., (1988) Pieter De Bruyne, de ontwerper als kunstenaar, Ons Erfdeel 31.2 (maart-april), 175-181.
Daenens, L., Defour, F., (1991) Meubeldesign en kunst. Pieter De Bruyne, Frans Van Praet, Emile Veranneman, Brussel, Gemeentekrediet, 29-45.
Dufour, Frans. Belgische meubelkunst in de XXe eeuw, van Horta tot heden, Uitg Lannoo, Tielt, ISBN D19794556
Kieckens, C., (2000) De meubelkunst van Pieter De Bruyne, onuitgegeven nota.
Norberg-Schulz, C., en Vanderperren, J., (1980) Pieter De Bruyne 25 jaar Meubels, Gent.
Valcke, J., (1987) Naar de essentie van het meubel, Belgisch kreatief ambacht 23.3, 3-10.

References

20th-century Belgian architects
Belgian interior designers
Belgian furniture designers
Belgian architects
People from Aalst, Belgium
1931 births
1987 deaths

Pieter De Bruyne


Morris Cole Graves (August 28, 1910 – May 5, 2001) was an American painter. He was one of the earliest Modern artists from the Pacific Northwest to achieve national and international acclaim. His style, referred to by some reviewers as Mysticism, used the muted tones of the Northwest environment, Asian aesthetics and philosophy, and a personal iconography of birds, flowers, chalices, and other images to explore the nature of consciousness.

An article in a 1953 issue of Life magazine cemented Graves' reputation as a major figure of the 'Northwest School' of artists. He lived and worked mostly in Western Washington, but spent considerable time traveling and living in Europe and Asia, and spent the last several years of his life in Loleta, California.

Early years
Morris Cole Graves was born August 28, 1910, in Fox Valley, Oregon, where his family had moved about a year before his birth, from Seattle, Washington, in order to claim land under the Homestead Act. He was named in honor of Morris Cole, a favored minister of his Methodist parents. He had five older brothers, and eventually, two younger siblings.

Constant winds and cold winters made it much more difficult than expected to establish a working farm, and the struggle led to bankruptcy of the senior Graves' once-thriving paint and wallpaper store in Seattle. In 1911, a few months after Morris' birth, the family returned to the Seattle area,
settling north of the city in semi-rural Edmonds, Washington.

He was a self-taught artist with natural understandings of color and line.

Graves dropped out of high school after his sophomore year, and between 1928 and 31, along with his brother Russell, visited all the major Asian ports of call as a steamship hand for the American Mail Line. On arriving in Japan, he wrote:

Career

Rambling

In his early twenties, Graves finished high school in 1932 in Beaumont, Texas, while living with his maternal aunt and uncle. He then returned to Seattle, and received his first recognition as an artist when his painting Moor Swan (1933) won an award in the Seattle Art Museum's Northwest Annual Exhibition and was purchased by the museum. He split his time between Seattle and La Conner, Washington, where he shared a studio with Guy Anderson. Graves' early work was in oils and focused on birds touched with strangeness, either blind, or wounded, or immobilized in webs of light.

Graves began his lifelong study of Zen Buddhism in the early 1930s. In 1934, he built a small studio on family property in Edmonds, Washington. When it burned to the ground in 1935, almost all of his work to date was lost with it. His first one-man exhibition was in 1936 at the Seattle Art Museum (SAM); that same year he began working under Bruce Inverarity at the Seattle unit of the WPA's Federal Art Project. His participation was sporadic, but it was there that he met Mark Tobey and became impressed with Tobey's calligraphic line. In January 1937 Graves traveled to New York City to study with the controversial Father Divine's International Peace Mission movement in Harlem; on his return, in May, he bought  on Fidalgo Island. In 1938 he quit the FAP and went to the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico to paint.

In 1940, Graves began building a house, which he named The Rock, on an isolated promontory on his Fidalgo Island property. He lived at The Rock with a succession of cats and dogs, all called Edith, in honor of poet Edith Sitwell.

The Rock
Graves was known for his personal charm and bursts of puckish humor, but also spent long periods in semi-isolation, absorbed in nature and his art. At the Rock, with the Second World War erupting, he retreated for a particularly long time and created a very large number of paintings. Many of them, such as Dove of the Inner Eye (1941) and Bird in the Night (1943), featured what would become Graves' iconic motif of birds trapped in layers of webbing or  barbs, representing the artist's fears for the survival of man and nature in the face of modern industry and warfare. His near-isolation was interrupted in the spring of 1942 when the Museum of Modern Art in New York opened its Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States exhibition. Critics raved over Graves' contributions, all of which were quickly snapped up by museums and collectors. At the same time the U.S. Army came looking for him, as he had failed to achieve the conscientious objector status he had applied for. There was also suspicion of him due to his association with the International Peace Mission and the fact that among his few regular visitors at the Rock had been the brilliant Japanese-American designer George Nakashima and his Japanese-born wife Miriam, prior to their being sent to the Minidoka relocation center. While his work was receiving further exhibition in New York and Washington D.C., and phenomenal sales, the artist himself spent much of that same time in the stockade at Camp Roberts, California, where he went into a deep depression. He was finally released from military service in March 1943.

With help from longtime supporters Elizabeth Willis, Nancy Ross, and Marian Willard, owner of the Willard Gallery in New York, Graves' work continued to enjoy popularity throughout the war years and beyond, with numerous exhibitions. In the late 40s he purchased land in Woodway, Washington, and began construction of a unique cinderblock house he came to call "Careladen".

Careladen years
Graves received a Guggehheim Fellowship allowing him to study in Japan, but only made it as far as Hawaii before his entry was blocked by Japan's U.S. military occupation authorities. He spent several months in 1947 painting and learning the Japanese language in Hawaii.

By the late 1940s Graves' and Mark Tobey's moment as the stars of the New York art world had faded, supplanted by the post-war rise of Action Painting and pure Abstraction.

In 1949 Graves sailed to England aboard RMS Mauretania, spending a month as the guest of art collector Edward James. He then spent three solitary winter months in France, sketching and painting the Chartres Cathedral. This austere interlude may have been in response to critical complaints of superficiality in his more recent paintings; however, after returning to Seattle in 1950, he destroyed most of his Chartres works.

In 1952 photographer Dody Weston Thompson used part of her Albert M. Bender grant to photo document the unique home and surroundings of Graves, who she considered a close friend.

In the spring of 1953, Graves staged the first Northwest art "Happening", sending invitations to everyone on the Seattle Art Museum mailing list:

Guests, some in formal evening wear, arrived to find the driveway blocked by a trench; investigating on foot, they found a banquet table with a ten-day-old turkey feast being drenched by a garden sprinkler as dinner music and farm animal sounds played over speakers. With Graves and his cohorts refusing to answer the door, guests, amused and otherwise, responded by storming off, sketching the scene, or filching silverware from the table.

In September 1953, largely through the efforts of Seattle gallery owner Zoe Dusanne, Life magazine ran a major article on the "Mystic Painters of the Northwest", focusing on Graves, Mark Tobey, Kenneth Callahan, and Guy Anderson as the major figures of a perceived Northwest School of artists. Ironically, by this time the four had for the most part fallen out over various personal, political, and artistic issues, and were barely on speaking terms with each other.

Graves' mid-career works were influenced by East Asian philosophy and mysticism, which he used as a way of approaching nature directly, avoiding theory. He adopted certain elements of Chinese and Japanese art, including the use of thin paper and ink drawing. He painted birds, pine trees, and waves. Works such as Blind Bird showed the influence of Mark Tobey, who was in turn inspired by Asian calligraphy. Graves switched from oils to gouaches, his birds became psychedelic, mystic, en route to transcendence. The paintings were bold, applied in a thick impasto with a palette knife, sometimes on coarse feed sacks.

In the 1950s, Graves returned to oils, but also painted in watercolor and tempera.

In Ireland
By 1954 Graves was feeling oppressed both by resurgent popularity and the encroachment of suburban development around his home. After spending several weeks in Japan, he rented Careladen to the poet Theodore Roethke and moved to Ireland. With companions Richard Svare and Dorothy Schumacher he lived in various parts of the country before settling on Woodton Manor, a rustic 18th century house near Dublin. In Ireland he created paintings known as the Hibernation series and became fascinated with the night sky. This led to Instruments for a New Navigation, a collection of precisely rendered bronze, glass, and stone sculptures inspired by the dawning Space Age. Finding no market for these unusual pieces, they were disassembled and not displayed again until 1999.

Graves returned to Seattle in 1964, living for several months in the so-called Pletscheff Mansion.

Later years
In 1965 Graves purchased 380 acres of redwood forest property, around a five-acre lake, in Loleta, California, near Eureka. He hired architect Ibsen Nelsen to design a home which, after numerous technical and financial problems, was eventually constructed beside the lake. Graves would live on this property, which he called simply 'The Lake', for the remaining 35 years of his life. Although a sign posted at the entrance to the property read "No visitors today, tomorrow, or the day after", Graves' assistant Robert Yarber lived there with him much of the time, and he occasionally allowed visits by family members and old friends.

In his sixties, Graves began a new phase of minimalist paintings of floral arrangements, works with a simplicity intended as a statement about the nature of beauty. He unpacked the "Instruments of a New Navigation" sculptures and completed them. He continued working in his garden, tending his flowers and manicuring the landscape of The Lake.

Morris Graves died the morning of May 5, 2001 at his home in Loleta, hours after suffering a stroke.

Legacy

Museum
The Morris Graves Museum of Art, located in the restored Carnegie library building in Eureka, California, bears his name and contains a small collection of his works and much of his personal collection of works by other artists.

Collections
Works by Morris Graves are included in the collections of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art (Eugene, Oregon), the Museum of Modern Art (New York City), the Whitney Museum of American Art (New York City), the National Gallery of Art (Washington D.C.), the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian American Art Museum (Washington D.C.), The Phillips Collection (Washington D.C.), the Ackland Art Museum (Chapel Hill, N.C.), the Addison Gallery of American Art (Andover, Massachusetts), the Akron Art Museum (Akron, Ohio), the Brauer Museum of Art (Valparaiso, Indiana), the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Figge Art Museum (Davenport, Iowa), the Harvard Art Museums (Boston, Massachusetts), the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Washington D.C.), the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Maier Museum of Art (Lynchburg, Virginia), the Memorial Art Gallery (Rochester, New York), the North Carolina Museum of Art (Raleigh, N.C.), the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (Philadelphia, PA), the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Huntington Library (San Marino, California), the University of Mississippi Museum (Oxford, Miss.), the Walker Art Center (Minneapolis, Minn.), the Seattle Art Museum, the Tacoma Art Museum (Tacoma, Wash.), the Henry Gallery (Seattle, Wash.), the Museum of Northwest Art (La Conner, Wash.), Old Jail Art Center (Albany, Texas), and many other institutions.

Exhibitions
(Partial listing of group and solo shows featuring Graves' work; some dates approximate)
 1936 - Seattle Art Museum, solo
 1942 - Museum of Modern Art (NYC), Americans 42: 18 Artists from 9 States
 1942 - Willard Gallery (NYC), solo. note: Graves' work was shown regularly at the Willard until its closing in 1987.
 1942 - Phillips Memorial Gallery (Washington, D.C.), Three Americans: Weber, Knaths, Graves
 1943 - Arts Club of Chicago, solo
 1943 - Detroit Institute of Arts, solo
 1943 - University Gallery (Minneapolis), solo
 1943 - Museum of Modern Art (NYC), Romantic Painting in America
 1956 - Whitney Museum (NYC), retrospective
 1956 - Phillips Gallery (Washington D.C.), retrospective
 1956 - Museum of Fine Arts (Boston), retrospective
 1956 - Des Moines Art Center, retrospective
 1957 - M. H. de Young Museum (San Francisco), retrospective
 1957 - Art Galleries of U.C.L.A. (Los Angeles), retrospective
 2000 - Schmidt Bingham Gallery (NYC), Instruments for a New Navigation.
 2010 - Henry Art Gallery (Seattle), Vortexhibition Polyphonica'''
 2014 - Seattle Art Museum, Modernism in the Pacific Northwest: The Mythic and the Mystical.
 2017 - Woodside Braseth Gallery, Important Paintings & Drawings by Northwest Master Morris Graves (1910-2001)

References

Further reading
 Conkelton, Sheryl, What It Meant to be Modern:  Seattle Art at Mid-Century, Henry Art Gallery, Seattle 1999
 Conkelton, Sheryl, and Landau, Laura, Northwest Mythologies:  The Interactions of Mark Tobey, Morris Graves, Kenneth Callahan, and Guy Anderson, Tacoma Art Museum, Tacoma WA;    University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 2003
 Kass, Ray, "Morris Graves: Vision of the Inner Eye" (George Braziller, Inc., New York,1983, in association with The Phillips Collection, Wash., D.C.)
 Kingsbury, Martha, Art of the Thirties:  The Pacific Northwest, University of Washington Press for Henry Art Gallery, Seattle and London 1972
 Müller-Yao, Marguerite Hui, Der Einfluß der Kunst der chinesischen Kalligraphie auf die westliche informelle Malerei, Dissertation Bonn, Köln 1985.
 Müller-Yao, Marguerite: Informelle Malerei und chinesische Kalligrafie, in: Informel, Begegnung und Wandel, (hrsg von Heinz Althöfer, Schriftenreihe des Museums am Ostwall; Bd. 2), Dortmund 2002,
 Svare, Richard, Morris Graves: His Houses, His Gardens, Process, 2013;
 Wolff, Theodore F., Morris Graves:  The Early Works'', Museum of Northwest Art, La Conner, Washington 1998

External links
 The Library, Humboldt State University
 Museum of Northwest Art - Morris Graves
 Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art, University of Oregon in Eugene
 Woodside Braseth Gallery

1910 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American Expressionist painters
Pacific Northwest artists
Painters from California
Painters from Seattle
People from Humboldt County, California
Cornish College of the Arts faculty
People from Grant County, Oregon
Northwest School (art)
Public Works of Art Project artists
Federal Art Project artists
People from La Conner, Washington
20th-century American male artists
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters

Morris Graves


Naphtha ( or ) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture. Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.  In some industries and regions, the name naphtha refers to crude oil or refined petroleum products such as kerosene.

Nephi and naphthar are sometimes used as synonyms. It is also known as Shellite in Australia.

Etymology

The word naphtha is from Latin and Ancient Greek (νάφθα), derived from Middle Persian naft ("wet", "naphtha"), the latter meaning of which was an assimilation from the Akkadian napṭu (see Semitic relatives such as Arabic  nafṭ ["petroleum"], Syriac ܢܰܦܬܳܐ naftā, and Hebrew נֵפְט neft, meaning petroleum).

Antiquity
The book of II Maccabees (2nd cent. BC) tells how a "thick water" was put on a sacrifice at the time of Nehemiah and when the sun shone it caught fire. It adds that "those around Nehemiah termed this 'Nephthar', which means Purification, but it is called Nephthaei by the many." This same substance is mentioned in the Mishnah as one of the generally permitted oils for lamps on Shabbat, although Rabbi Tarfon permits only olive oil (Mishnah Shabbat 2).

In Ancient Greek, it was used to refer to any sort of petroleum or pitch. The Greek word  designates one of the materials used to stoke the fiery furnace in the Song of the Three Children (possibly 1st or 2nd cent. BC).  The translation of Charles Brenton renders this as "rosin."

The naptha of antiquity is explained to be a "highly flammable light fraction of petroleum, an extremely volatile, strong-smelling, gaseous liquid, common in oil deposits of the Near East"; it was a chief ingredient in incendiary devices described by Latin authors of the Roman period.

Modern period
Since the 19th century, Solvent naphtha has denoted a product (xylene or trimethylbenzenes) derived by fractional distillation from petroleum; these mineral spirits, also known as "Stoddard Solvent", was originally the main active ingredient in Fels Naptha laundry soap.

The usage of the term "naphtha" during this time typically implies petroleum naphtha, a colorless liquid with a similar odor to gasoline. However, "coal tar naphtha", a reddish brown liquid that is a mixture of hydrocarbons (toluene, xylene, and cumene, etc.), could also be intended in some contexts.

Petroleum
In older usage, "naphtha" simply meant crude oil, but this usage is now obsolete in English. There are a number of cognates to the word in different modern languages, typically signifying "petroleum" or "crude oil".

The Ukrainian and Belarusian word нафта (nafta), Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian "nafta" and the Persian naft () mean "crude oil". The Russian word нефть (neft') means "crude oil", but нафта (nafta) is a synonym of ligroin. Also, in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Italy, Serbia, Slovenia, Macedonia nafta (нафта in Cyrillic) is colloquially used to indicate diesel fuel and crude oil. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, nafta was historically used for both diesel fuel and crude oil, but its use for crude oil is now obsolete and it generally indicates diesel fuel. In Bulgarian, nafta means diesel fuel, while neft, as well as petrol (петрол in Cyrillic), means crude oil. Nafta is also used in everyday parlance in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay to refer to gasoline/petrol. In Poland, the word  means kerosene, and colloquially crude oil (technical name for crude oil is , also colloquially used for diesel fuel as ). In Flemish, the word naft(e) is used colloquially for gasoline.

Types
Various qualifiers have been added to the term "naphtha" by different sources in an effort to make it more specific:

One source distinguishes by boiling point:

Another source which differentiates light and heavy comments on the hydrocarbon structure, but offers a less precise dividing line:

Both of these are useful definitions, but they are incompatible with one another and the latter does not provide for mixes containing both six and seven carbon atoms per molecule. These terms are also sufficiently broad that they are not widely useful.

Uses

Heavy crude oil dilution
Naphtha is used to dilute heavy crude oil to reduce its viscosity and enable/facilitate transport; undiluted heavy crude cannot normally be transported by pipeline, and may also be difficult to pump onto oil tankers. Other common dilutants include natural-gas condensate and light crude. However, naphtha is a particularly efficient dilutant and can be recycled from diluted heavy crude after transport and processing. The importance of oil dilutants has increased as global production of lighter crude oils has fallen and shifted to exploitation of heavier reserves.

Fuel
Light naphtha is used as a fuel in some commercial applications. One notable example is wick-based cigarette lighters, such as the Zippo, which draw "lighter fluid"—naphtha—into a wick from a reservoir to be ignited using the flint and wheel.

It is also a fuel for camping stoves and oil lanterns, known as "white gas", where naphtha's low boiling point makes it easy to ignite. Naphtha is sometimes preferred over kerosene as it clogs fuel lines less. The outdoor equipment manufacturer MSR published a list of tradenames and translations to help outdoor enthusiasts obtain the correct products in various countries.

Naptha was also historically used as a fuel in some small launch boats where steam technology was impractical; most were built to circumvent safety laws relating to traditional steam launches.

Plastics
Naphtha is a crucial component in the production of plastics.

Health and safety considerations
The safety data sheets (SDSs) from various naphtha vendors indicate various hazards such as flammable mixture of hydrocarbons: flammability, carcinogenicity, skin and airway irritation, etc.

Humans can be exposed to naphtha in the workplace by inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact, and eye contact. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for naphtha in the workplace as 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) over an 8-hour workday. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) over an 8-hour workday. At levels of 1000 ppm, which equates to 10 times the lower exposure limit, naphtha is immediately dangerous to life and health.

Fels-Naptha is an American brand of laundry soap manufactured by Summit Brands. It originally included the ingredient naphtha, effective for cleaning laundry and urushiol, an oil contained in poison ivy. Naphtha was later removed as a cancer risk.

See also
 Coleman fuel
 Fels-Naptha
 Fractional distillation
 Fluid catalytic cracking
 Greek fire
 Hydrocarbon
 Kerosene
 Mineral spirits
 Naphtha launch
 Oil refinery
 Petroleum distillation
 Petroleum naphtha
 Tar

References

External links

Commodity chemicals
Hydrocarbon solvents
Petroleum products

Naphtha