Chesalles-sur-Moudon  is a former municipality in the district Broye-Vully in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.  In 2017 the former municipalities of Chesalles-sur-Moudon, Brenles, Cremin, Forel-sur-Lucens and Sarzens merged into the municipality of Lucens.

History
Chesalles-sur-Moudon is first mentioned in 1273 as Chesales.

Geography

Chesalles-sur-Moudon had an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 77.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 11.4% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 10.2% is settled (buildings or roads).

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 6.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%.  Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests.  Of the agricultural land, 58.1% is used for growing crops and 17.4% is pastures, while 2.4% is used for orchards or vine crops.

The former municipality was part of the Moudon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Chesalles-sur-Moudon became part of the new district of Broye-Vully.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per bend Gules and Argent, overall behind a Lion passant guardant holding a Scimitar a rising Sun all of Or.

Demographics
Corcelles-sur-Chavornay had a population () of 353.  , 4.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -7.2%.  It has changed at a rate of -9% due to migration and at a rate of 1.2% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population () speaks French (149 or 93.7%), with German being second most common (3 or 1.9%) and Dutch being third (2 or 1.3%).  There is 1 person who speaks Romansh.

Of the population in the municipality 58 or about 36.5% were born in Chesalles-sur-Moudon and lived there in 2000.  There were 61 or 38.4% who were born in the same canton, while 17 or 10.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 18 or 11.3% were born outside of Switzerland.

In  there were 2 live births to Swiss citizens and .  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens increased by 2 while the foreign population remained the same.  There was 1 Swiss man who emigrated from Switzerland and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 4 and the non-Swiss population decreased by 2 people.  This represents a population growth rate of 1.3%.

The age distribution, , in Chesalles-sur-Moudon is; 8 children or 5.2% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 26 teenagers or 16.8% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 22 people or 14.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  16 people or 10.3% are between 30 and 39, 28 people or 18.1% are between 40 and 49, and 22 people or 14.2% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 14 people or 9.0% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 10 people or 6.5% are between 70 and 79, there are 8 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there is 1 person who is 90 and older.

, there were 75 people who were single and never married in the municipality.  There were 80 married individuals, 1 widows or widowers and 3 individuals who are divorced.

, there were 54 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.9 persons per household.  There were 12 households that consist of only one person and 10 households with five or more people.  Out of a total of 55 households that answered this question, 21.8% were households made up of just one person.  Of the rest of the households, there are 14 married couples without children, 26 married couples with children  There were 2 single parents with a child or children.

 there were 19 single-family homes (or 48.7% of the total) out of a total of 39 inhabited buildings.  There were 8 multi-family buildings (20.5%), along with 10 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (25.6%) and 2 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (5.1%).  Of the single-family homes 3 were built before 1919, while 8 were built between 1990 and 2000.  The greatest number of single-family homes (8) were built between 1991 and 1995.  The most multi-family homes (3) were built before 1919 and the next most (2) were built between 1961 and 1970.

 there were 60 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was 4 rooms of which there were 18.  There were 1 single-room apartment and 26 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 53 apartments (88.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 5 apartments (8.3%) were seasonally occupied and 2 apartments (3.3%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.5 new units per 1000 residents.  The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 39.45% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SP (19.2%), the Green Party (12.24%) and the Other (9.7%).  In the federal election, a total of 53 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 47.3%.

Economy
, Chesalles-sur-Moudon had an unemployment rate of 2.4%.  , there were 23 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 8 businesses involved in this sector.  1 person was employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector.  2 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 1 business in this sector.  There were 71 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.4% of the workforce.

 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 16.  The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, all of which were in agriculture.  The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 1, in construction.  The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 1, in education.

, there were 3 workers who commuted into the municipality and 49 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 16.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  Of the working population, 8.5% used public transportation to get to work, and 63.4% used a private car.

Religion
From the , 17 or 10.7% were Roman Catholic, while 116 or 73.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.  Of the rest of the population, there was 1 member of an Orthodox church who belonged.  18 (or about 11.32% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7 individuals (or about 4.40% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education

In Chesalles-sur-Moudon about 49 or (30.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 22 or (13.8%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).  Of the 22 who completed tertiary schooling, 54.5% were Swiss men, 27.3% were Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 23 students in the Chesalles-sur-Moudon school district.  In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.  During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 155 children of which 83 children (53.5%) received subsidized pre-school care.  The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years.  There were 8 students in the municipal primary school program.  The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 15 students in those schools.

, there were 8 students in Chesalles-sur-Moudon who came from another municipality, while 35 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

References

Former municipalities of the canton of Vaud

Chesalles-sur-Moudon


The Mount Cole State Forest is in western Victoria, Australia, near the town of Beaufort. The forest is around Mount Cole, which formed 390 million years ago. The Indigenous Australians, the Beeripmo balug people, called it Bereep-bereep, which means wild. The forest covers an area of 12,150 hectares, including the forest around Mount Lonarch.

The forest is on a plateau which is above grassy plains. The plateau is about 760 metres above sea level. High peaks in the forest include Mount Buangor (1,090 metres), Mount Cole (899 metres) and Ben Nevis (877 metres).

The main trees in the southern part of the forest are Messmate (Eucalyptus oblique), Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis), and Blue Gums (Eucalyptus st johnii). In the north, which is drier, there are Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora), and Red Stringybark (Eucalyptus macrorryncha). There is also the rare Mount Cole Grevillea, Grevillea montis-cole. On the high peaks there are groups of Snow Gums (Eucalyptus pauciflora).

There have been 130 different birds seen in the forest. Animals include kangaroos, wallabies, echidna, koalas and possums. In 1954, 160 koalas were set free in the forest to as part of a plan to re-establish the animals in Victorian forests. In the 19th century, deer were introduced and Sambar deer are still living in the wet gullies in the south of the forest.

Activities in the forest include camping, walking, four wheel driving, horse riding, and bird watching.

The purpose of the forest is to supply good quality hardwood logs for sawmills. The management plan for the forest also protects the water catchments of several creeks which supply water to nearby towns.

Mount Buangor State Park
An area of 1,940 hectares, the Mount Buangor State Park, was protected from logging in 1973. This park includes the waterfalls on Middle Creek, and the large rock faces and caves on Cave Hill.

References

Protected areas of Victoria (Australia)
Forests of Australia

Mount Cole State Forest


The Scaligero Castle is a fortress from the Scaliger era, access point to the historical centre of Sirmione, on Lake Garda.
It's one of Italy's best preserved castles. In 2019 it was the 22nd most visited attraction in Italy, with 308,459 visitors.

History

Built in the latter half of the 14th century on the southernmost part of Lake Garda in the Northern Italy. Construction was initiated on behalf of the Della Scala family of Verona, who are known as the Scaligeri from which it takes its name. The family ruled Verona and a large part of the Venetian area from the years 1259 to 1387.

The castle was later controlled by the Republic of Venice from the 15th century after the Della Scala family submitted to Venice in 1405. It continued to be an important fortification in the area. Its decline in importance began with the completion of the nearby fortress in Peschiera del Garda in the 16th century.

It continued to be used as an armory and fortification until the Unification of Italy when it became the office of the local government of Sirmione.  Restoration began after World War I in 1919, when it became a museum and tourist attraction. However it was not fully restored until 2018 when the internal waters of the castle were cleared. The internal docks are the only surviving example of a 14th-century fortified port.

See also
List of castles in Italy

Note

External links

Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century
Castles in Lombardy
Tourist attractions in Lombardy
Water castles

Scaligero Castle (Sirmione)


St Kitts is a locality northeast of the Barossa Valley in South Australia. The school and both Lutheran churches have closed. The main industry in the area is cereal grain crop farming.

St Kitts was settled in the 1850s and 1860s by immigrant Sorbs or Wends who had migrated from Saxony (then part of Prussia, now mostly in western Poland).

St Kitts St Petri (St Peter) congregation was established in 1866 and constructed its building in 1869, replaced by a newer building in 1910 on the corner of St Kitts West and Tablelands Roads. St Kitts St Paul's congregation began in 1903 and built its own church building a little further along Tablelands Road. Both churches had cemeteries. St Paul's closed in 1949. St Petri is also now closed and both buildings are private homes.

References

Towns in South Australia

St Kitts, South Australia


The Soviet and later Russian Mil Mi-24 helicopter has been produced in many variants, as described below.

History
In 1966, Soviet aircraft designer Mikhail Mil created a mock-up design of a new helicopter (derived from the Mil Mi-8) which was made with the intent of fulfilling both the role of a close air support aircraft as well as being able to transport infantry into combat. This prototype design was designated the V-24, and in 1968 a directive was given to proceed with the development of the helicopter.

The Mi-24 went from the drawing board to the first test-flights in less than eighteen months, with the first models being delivered to the Soviet Armed Forces for evaluation in 1971. As a result of the speedy development, the initial Mi-24 variants had a number of problems: lateral roll, weapon sighting issues, and a limited field of view for the pilot. A later redesign of the Mi-24's front section solved most of these problems.

List of variants
A-10 Designation given to the aircraft used for record breaking from 1975 in the FAI E1 class.
V-24 The first version, twelve prototypes and development aircraft. The first V-24 mockup resembled the Bell UH-1A Huey.  Later models resembled the future Hind-A, one of which was modified in 1975 as A-10 for speed record attempts with wings removed and faired over and with inertia-type dampers on the main rotor head. The A-10 reached a speed of 368 km/h. It was armed with the GSh-23 autocannon and could carry up to six missiles or rockets.
Mi-24 (Hind-A) An early version of the Mi-24, which could carry eight combat troops and three crew members. It could also carry four 57mm rocket pods on four underwing pylons, four MCLOS 9M17 Fleyta (AT-2 Swatter) anti-tank missiles on two underwing rails, free-fall bombs, plus one Afanasev A-12.7 12.7mm machine-gun in the nose. The Mi-24A was the first production model.
Mi-24B (Hind-A) Experimental variant of the Hind-A, one of which was used to test the Fenestron tail rotor.
Mi-24F (Hind-A) Modified Hind-A with seven reinforcing ribs on the port fuselage aft of the wing and the SRO-2M Khrom ("Odd Rods") IFF antenna relocated from the canopy to the oil cooler. The APU exhaust was also extended and angled downwards. The designation may be unofficial.
Mi-24A (Hind-B) The Mi-24A was the second production model. Both the Mi-24 and Mi-24A entered into Soviet Air Forces service in 1972. It lacked the four-barrel Yak-B 12.7mm machine gun under the nose.
Mi-24U (Hind-C) Training version without nose gun and wingtip stations.
Mi-24BMT Small number of Mi-24s converted into minesweepers.
Mi-24D (Hind-D) The Mi-24D was designed to be a more pure gunship than the earlier variants. It entered production in 1973. The Mi-24D has a redesigned forward fuselage, with two separate cockpits for the pilot and gunner. It is armed with a single 12.7mm four-barrel Yak-B machine-gun under the nose. It can also carry four 57mm rocket pods, four SACLOS 9M17 Phalanga anti-tank missiles (a significant enhancement compared to the MCLOS system found on the Mi-24A), plus bombs and other weapons. One Mi-24D was sold to Poland in January 1996 and was used by the WTD 61 in Manching during 1994 for tests with the head of a MIM-23 Hawk missile in place of the chin-mounted gun. This version also had an unidentified modification in the rear cabin window on the starboard side.
Mi-24PTRK Modification of the Mi-24D that was used for testing the Shturm V missile system for the Mi-24V.
Mi-24DU A small number of Mi-24Ds were built as training helicopters with doubled controls.
Mi-24V (Hind-E) Later development which entered production in 1976. It was armed with the more advanced 9M114 Shturm (AT-6 Spiral). Eight of these missiles are mounted on four outer wing pylons. It was the most widely produced version with more than 1,500 made. In Polish service this aircraft is designated Mi-24W. One Mi-24V was referred to as Mi-24T for unknown reasons.
Arsenal Mi-24V upgrade Ukrainian upgrade for Mi-24V.
Mi-24P (Hind-F) The gunship version, which replaced the 12.7mm machine-gun with a fixed side-mounted 30mm GSh-30-2K twin-barrel autocannon. Entered production in 1981.
Mi-24TECh-24 Experimental Mi-24P to test abilities for recovery of downed aircraft.
Mi-24VP (Hind-E Mod) Development of Mi-24V made in 1985 which replaced the machine-gun with GSh-23 in a movable turret. Entered service in 1989, but only 25 were made before production ended the same year. One Mi-24VP flew with the Delta-H tail rotor of the Mil Mi-28.
Mi-24VU (Hind-E) Indian training version of Mi-24V.
Mi-24VD A version produced in 1985 to test a rear defensive gun.
Mi-24RKhR (Hind-G1) NBC reconnaissance model, which is designed to collect radiation, biological and chemical samples. It was first seen during the 1986 Chernobyl disaster. Also known as the Mi-24R, Mi-24RK and Mi-24RKh (Rch).
Mi-24RA (Hind-G1 Mod) New version of the Mi-24V.
Mi-24RR Radiation reconnaissance model derived from the Mi-24R.
Mi-24K (Hind-G2) Army reconnaissance, artillery observation helicopter.
Mi-24M Proposed naval version, unbuilt.
Mi-24VM Upgraded Mi-24V with updated avionics to improve night-time operation, new communications gear, shorter and lighter wings, and updated weapon systems to include support for the 9M120 Ataka, Shturm and 9K38 Igla ATGMs and a 23mm main gun. Other internal changes have been made to increase the aircraft life-cycle and ease maintenance.
Mi-24VN (Hind-E) A night-attack version based on an Mi-24V in Mi-24VM Stage 1 configuration.
Mi-24PM Upgraded Mi-24P using same technologies as in Mi-24VM. Currently delivered to the RuAF.
Mi-24PN A version of the Mi-24P with a TV and a FLIR camera located in a dome on the front of the aircraft, and is armed with the GSh-23. The Russian Air Force received 14 Mi-24PNs in 2004.
Mi-24PS Civil police or paramilitary version, equipped with a FLIR, searchlight, loudspeaker PA system and attachments for rappelling ropes.
Mi-24V Ecological Survey Version Environmental research modification developed by the Polyot Industrial Research Organisation.
Mi-24 SuperHind Mk.II Modern western avionics upgrade produced by South African company Advanced Technologies and Engineering (ATE). Prototypes converted from Mi-24R models, and one Mi-24P was used to test sighting system.
Mi-24 SuperHind Mk.III Extensive operational upgrade of the original Mi-24 including weapons, avionics and counter measures.
Mi-24 SuperHind Mk.IV Upgraded Mk. III version with Pall vortex engine air particle separator system over the engine intakes.
Mi-24 SuperHind Mk.V Newest version of the "SuperHind" with fully redesigned front fuselage and cockpit. Mock-up only.
Mi-24 Afghanistan field modifications Passenger compartment armour and exhaust suppressors were often removed. Extra rounds for the rocket pods to allow self-reloading near the battlefield and also heavy weapons for self-defense were often carried.
Tamam Mi-24 HMOSP Israeli upgrade.
Mi-24P-1M Latest modernization of Mi-24P helicopters, fitted with a new modular direct infrared countermeasures system, autopilot, improved power supply unit and OPS-24N-1L navigation and targeting station. It has also an option for an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar. First unveiled at 2019 MAKS International Aviation and Space Salon.
Mi-25 The export version of the Mi-24D.

Mi-35 (Monsoon) The export version of the Mi-24V.
Mi-35M Night attack version fitted with upgraded advanced avionics and sensor package, including night vision systems, GOES-342 electro-optical range finder/targeting system, GLONASS/GPS navigation system, electronic multifunction displays, onboard computer, and jam-proof communications equipment. Also known as Mi-35M1. More than 60 are in service with the Russian Air Force and it has also been exported. By September 2018, all Russian Air Force's Mi-35Ms were equipped with Vitebsk onboard defense system.
Mi-35MS Flying Command Post variant of the Mi-35M. Operated by the Russian Federal Protective Service (FSO).
Mi-35M2 Updated version of the Mi-35M for the Venezuelan Army.
Mi-35M3 Export variant of the Mi-24VM.
Mi-35M4(AH-2 Sabre) Updated version of the Mi-35M with Israeli avionics for the Brazilian Air Force.
Mi-35P The export version of the Mi-24P.
Mi-35P Russian Helicopters holding has developed a common standard for Mi-24 modernization designated as Mi-35P. The Mi-35P has received the OPS-24N-1L observation-sight system with a third generation long-wave matrix thermal imager, TV camera, and laser rangefinder. The upgraded gunship's cockpit has the KNEI-24E-1 flight navigation system with multifunctional displays. The PKV-8-35 digital flight system increases the helicopter's manoeuvrability and steadiness. The modernised gunship is also fitted with the updated PrVK-24-2 targeting system, which allows the use of 9M127-1 Ataka-VM anti-tank guided missiles and either L370 Vitebsk electronic countermeasure system or its export version President-S. The helicopter has also received a chin-mounted NPPU-23 turret with a twin-barrel GSh-23L autocannon. Serial production has started as of August 2020 for an export customer.
Czech Mi-35 modernization Between 2003-2005 Mi-35s were manufactured for the Czech Air Force with the following modifications: TV3-117VMA engines,  EVU engine exhaust gas cooling system, cabin and exterior light modifications for use of night vision system including custom night vision scopes, GPS satellite navigation system (Garmin-155 XL type), backup artificial horizon (type LUN 1241 of Czech manufacture), VARTA batteries, civil identification system transponder (IFF), which allows flights over the territory of the Czech Republic without restrictions, new elements for signalling and recording of flight parameters, altimeter calibrated in feet. Later modernization (~2017) included stabilized platform with FLIR night vision optoelectronic system, multi-function displays including moving map system, upgraded communication and navigation equipment, incorporation of an friend/foe aircraft identification system (IFF), camouflage in accordance with the standards of the Army and NATO, planning and combat support system. These helicopters were donated to Ukraine in summer 2023.
Mi-35U Unarmed training version of the Mi-35.
Mi-PSV Experimental high-speed helicopter based on the Mi-24. PSV stands for Perspektivny skorostnoi vertolet (Перспективный скоростной вертолёт) – Prospective high speed helicopter). Single-seat streamlined cockpit, unarmed, fitted with experimental main rotors for research into high-speed flight, with a target of increasing the speed of the Mi-28N by 10% and the Mi-35M by 13%. A Mi-24LL PSV demonstrator flew at a level flight speed of "greater than ", higher than of the  official record by Lynx in 1986. The mockup was first shown at the 2015 MAKS International Aviation and Space Salon. In April 2017, the Mi-PSV made first flights equipped with large low mounted wings, mounted nearly at the level of its belly in front of the main landing gear. The normal smaller "Mi-24 wings" at the height of the cabin roof are removed.

References

External links

 Aeronautics.ru Mi-24
 Mi-24 HIND (MIL)
 Mil V-24 at Stingray's List of Rotorcraft
 Mil Mi-24 at Stingray's List of Rotorcraft
 Mi-24 SuperHind brochure

Military helicopters
1960s Soviet attack aircraft

List of Mil Mi-24 variants


Khalil Abdel-Karim (خليل عبد الكريم Arabic) (born in Aswan City in Upper Egypt) was an Egyptian writer, scholar and lawyer.

Early life
Mr. Khalil Abdul-Karim joined the Muslim Brotherhood in his youth. After attaining his high school diploma he traveled to Cairo to study Law and he graduated from Cairo University (then, Fouad the First University).

Career
Mr. Abdul-Karim started his law-practice office where he was the head of the defense team (Primary and Appeal Courts) in the case of Professor Nasr Abu Zayd who was sued for ridda (apostasy from Islam) and for separation from his wife.

Books
Books of Khalil Abdel-Karim: All in Arabic with some translations:

"For Applying Shari'a not for Governing"
"Man-women Relationship during the prophetic and caliphate periods the soiciety of yathrib"
"The Historical roots of Islamic shari'a"
"qurayish: from tribe to state"
"Islam between  the civil and islamic state"
"Shadou Rababa bi ahwal mujtama'al-sahaba"
"The Arabs and the women"
"The state of yathreb The year of Delegates"
"Against the fundamentalism of Islamists"
"The Eslabished period of Mohamed"
"The Founding Concepts of the Islamic Left"

References

External links
Cairo Times banned for carrying interview with Khalil Abdel Karim
The Red Sheikh teaches a mixture of social justice and liberal Islam

People from Aswan
2003 deaths
Egyptian academics
Islamic scholars
Muslim reformers
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Cairo University alumni
Islam-related controversies
Egyptian writers
20th-century Egyptian lawyers

Khalil Abdel-Karim


USS Litchfield County (LST-901) was a  built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after Litchfield County, Connecticut, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

Originally laid down as USS LST-901 on 29 October 1944 by the Dravo Corporation of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the ship was launched on 9 December 1944, sponsored by Mrs. S. A. Evans; and commissioned on 11 January 1945.

Service history

World War II, 1944–1946
Upon completion of her shakedown off Florida, LST-901 sailed to join the Pacific Fleet, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 27 March. After additional training, she reached Saipan on 12 June for resupply missions in the Marianas, Ryūkyūs, and Iwo Jima until the close of the war.

She operated as mother ship for minesweepers around Truk until sailing for the States on 28 November. After several short coastal voyages, she decommissioned at Vancouver, Washington on 9 August 1946.

Korean War, 1951–1955
Recommissioned on 30 November 1951, LST-901 prepared for service in the Korean War, sailing from San Diego on 7 July 1952 for Hawaii, Midway, and Inchon, arriving on 5 September. Logistic support lifts, amphibious landing rehearsals, and service as helicopter pad and control vessel for the Wonsan naval blockade were her missions until returning to San Diego on 21 May. From 1 August to 12 October she participated in the lift of the 3rd Marines to Japan.

An uneasy peace reigned in Korea as she departed for her third Far Eastern tour on 27 March 1954. After amphibious exercises, on 17 August LST-901 joined the giant "Operation Passage to Freedom". Between 29 August and 7 November she made seven trips to Hai Phong, North Vietnam to transport troops and refugees to Da Nang and Saigon in the South. Following a cruise to Inchon, she returned to San Diego 13 February 1955.

After training operations along the west coast, LST-901 reported at San Francisco for inactivation on 1 July. On that day she was named USS Litchfield County (LST-901). Placed in commission in reserve on 19 September, she decommissioned at Long Beach, California 20 December 1955.

Vietnam War, 1966–1969
As the Vietnam War escalated, demands on American seapower again greatly increased, and early in 1966 Litchfield County was towed to Portland, Oregon for reactivation. She recommissioned on 5 March 1966. After shakedown out of San Diego she sailed on 3 June for her new home port, Apra, Guam, arriving on the 30th. Litchfield County sailed for Chu Lai with troops on 9 July, arriving off South Vietnam ten days later. Resupply missions in support of ground forces continued through 9 November, when she returned to Guam. On 21 January 1967 she arrived off Vietnam once again to resume her essential resupply missions. Shuttling between Da Nang and Chu Lai for the next five weeks, she departed on 23 February, arriving at Guam on 18 March. Litchfield County completed two more Vietnam tours before the end of the year, sandwiching in between those tours duty as a survey ship in the western Carolines during July. During 1968, and into 1969, she continued to operate in the Pacific on survey and resupply missions from the Carolines, to Japan, and to Vietnam.

Decommissioning and sale
Decommissioned on 7 December 1969 at Guam, she was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 April 1975. Sold for scrapping by the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (DRMS) on 1 January 1977, she was acquired by the Aphrodite Shipping & Trading Corporation S.A., of Panama and renamed Petrola 132. After nearly two decades of commercial service she was again sold for scrapping, and arrived in tow at Aliağa, Turkey for demolition by Seltas A.S. on 5 April 1996.

Awards

LST-901 earned two battle stars for Korean War service, and as Litchfield County six campaign stars for Vietnam War service.

References

LST-542-class tank landing ships
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Korean War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Vietnam War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Litchfield County, Connecticut
Ships built in Pittsburgh
1944 ships
Ships built by Dravo Corporation

USS Litchfield County


Tokenism is the term used to describe the act of putting a person of a minority group (called a "token character") into something for the sole purpose of trying to be seen as inclusive to that minority group. This is often done only to avoid controversy, with little or no effort being put in to give said person a role other than being there to represent a minority. A "token character" is normally a woman or person of color, while other common examples include people with disabilities, different religions, different body types, or different political stances. Stereotypes are commonly used to portray token characters.

Race

Tokenism


The pygmy short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii) is a species of small horned lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. The species is native to the northwestern United States and adjacent southwestern Canada. Like other horned lizards, it is often called a "horned toad" or "horny toad," but it is not a toad at all. It is a reptile, not an amphibian.

Etymology
The specific name, douglasii, is in honor of Scottish botanist David Douglas.

Identification
The pygmy short-horned lizard is often mistaken for its close relative the greater short-horned lizard (P. hernandesi) which has the same basic body type consisting of small pointed scales around the head and back.  Until recent mitochondrial DNA evidence, the greater short-horned lizard was considered to be the same species as the pygmy short-horned lizard. They are now considered distinct species with the pygmy short-horned lizard occupying the northwest portion of the United States and extreme southern British Columbia (now extirpated from Canada).  When placed together the two are easily distinguished at full size, the pygmy short-horned lizard being much smaller. The greater short-horned lizard is a highly variable species with different geographic populations exhibiting differences in colour, pattern, and size, with some authorities describing five subspecies.  The pygmy short-horned lizard ranges in size from  in snout-to-vent length (SVL) and is a flat-bodied, squat lizard with short spines crowning the head. It has a snub-nosed profile and short legs. The trunk is fringed by one row of pointed scales, while the belly scales are smooth. The colour is gray, yellowish, or reddish-brown, and there are two rows of large dark spots on the back. When threatened or aggressive, its colours become more intense.The pygmy short-horned lizard is also a species at risk in Alberta according to the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC).

Behavior and ecology
The diet of P. douglasii varies from different habitats, but mostly among age and sex classes; neonates feed among almost exclusively on ants (89%) while adults consume fewer ants (72%) and yearlings consume the lowest proportion of ants (60%).  It is also considered a lizard that tolerates well low temperatures, so it can reach biomes that are not accessible for most other reptiles.

References

Further reading
Bell, Thomas (1828). "Description of a new Species of Agama, brought from the Columbia River by Mr. Douglass [sic]". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 16: 105–107 + Plate X. ("Agama Douglassii [sic]", new species). (in English and Latin).

External links

Phrynosoma
Lizards of North America
Reptiles of the United States
Fauna of the Western United States
Reptiles described in 1828

Pygmy short-horned lizard


Slaughter Disc is a 2005 pornographic horror film written, directed and produced by David Kwitmire and starring Caroline Pierce and Robert Williams.

Plot

Due to masturbating to Clown Porn, college student and sex addict Michael Brichums misses a date with his girlfriend, Carrie, prompting Carrie to dump him. Later, Mike goes to a sex shop, where he finds a magazine featuring Andromeda Strange, an alt porn star whose films are so extreme they have been banned in numerous countries. Mike asks the clerk about Andromeda, and is told that obscenity laws prohibit the store from selling her merchandise, but he can probably find her films online. When Mike leaves, the clerk disappears; an employee (who was in the washroom) emerges to find Mike's receipt and wonder "Who the hell rang this up?" implying that the "clerk" was not an actual shop employee.

At home, Mike orders one of Andromeda's DVDs, which is strangely transparent. The video depicts Andromeda masturbating until she bleeds, and cutting her own wrist and throat with a straight razor, something which greatly disturbs Mike. A few days later, Mike decides to give the film another shot, and views a scene in which a now scarred and demonic Andromeda performs fellatio on a bound and gagged man. After the man climaxes, Andromeda slits his throat. The next morning, Mike wakes up late for work, and as he rushes out the door, Andromeda appears on his television, and kisses the screen.

Because of frequent tardiness, Mike is fired from his job, and while watching more of Andromeda's video, he gets a call from his friend, John, asking him to hang out at a bar. Mike goes to the bar, leaving Andromeda to glare at him as he leaves. John does not show up at the bar and will not answer his phone, so Mike gets drunk alone, stumbles home, and vomits repeatedly. Unable to sleep, Mike pops in Andromeda's DVD, which now shows Andromeda with another bound and gagged man, who Mike is shocked to realize is John. Andromeda rapes John, bludgeons him with a hammer, and eats chunks of his brain matter. Mike believes what he saw was fake, until he is led to John's remains by images on his television, and a call from Andromeda.

Mike panics, and calls Carrie, and the police. Carrie does not believe Mike's story, and the 911 operator is doubtful as well, but promises Mike he will send a unit to his apartment. Back home, Mike's television is on, and is showing Andromeda molesting an unconscious Carrie, and slitting her throat. Mike destroys the DVD and unplugs the television, but it will not turn off. Andromeda then appears in the room, and seduces Mike, who asks "Do I have to die? I don't want this to end". Andromeda responds with "You're already dead" as it is revealed the two are on Mike's television, and Mike's mutilated body is lying on his couch. The officers called by Mike arrive at his apartment, but Mike's body is gone. Two detectives find Andromeda's DVD and magazine, and take them as evidence.

In a post-credits scene, a sex shop customer inquires about Andromeda. The clerk turns around, and is shown to be a gaunt Mike, who states "Oh yeah, Andromeda Strange. Yeah, she's hot as hell alright. She's definitely capable of pulling some weird and crazy shit. But hey, I've got to warn you about something... her video is definitely not for the weak hearted."

Cast

 Robert Williams as Michael Brichums
 Jewels MacKenzie as Carrie
 Kristen Quitmeyer as Neighbor
 Travis Lee as John
 Gabe Messer as Pete
 Ashley Rees as Vicky
 Chris Spoto as Delivery Guy
 Caroline Pierce as Andromeda Strange
 Albin Kinsey as Naked Man
 David Kwitmire as Sam Langley/Customer
 Pete Arnold as Police Officer
 Kreg Kearley as Detective #1
 Roger Gobin as Detective #2

Reception

Adult Video News gave Slaughter Disc a four out of five, though went on to write "this really is not a good movie" and "the most disturbing thing about it is that it contains a very definite anti-porn message". The same score was awarded by Digital Retribution, which said "it is the first movie I've seen that successfully merged horror with porn without becoming a farce or just awful". A grade of two was given by The Video Graveyard, which found the story interesting (if not explored as well as it could be) and stated "Even though the film has failed in the same area as others of its type, I have to admit that Slaughter Disc did manage to elicit a fair amount of suspense and had me wanting to know what was going to happen".

The Worldwide Celluloid Massacre called Slaughter Disc a dull and uninteresting film that was non-erotic porn and non-scary horror with mostly weak gore. The film was also heavily criticized by Soiled Sinema, which called it a boring and unarousing mess with poor image and sound quality, ultimately concluding "The horror world is already polluted with a dung heap of horrendous trash. Slaughter Disc is just another bag of garbage for the already putrid pile".

References

External links

2005 directorial debut films
2005 films
2005 horror films
2000s American films
2000s pornographic films
2000s English-language films
Alt porn
American ghost films
American independent films
American pornographic films
American splatter films
American supernatural horror films
Bondage pornography
Films about cannibalism
Films about pornography
Films about rape
Films about sex addiction
Films about snuff films
Films set in 2004
Films set in San Diego
Films shot in San Diego
Pornographic horror films

Slaughter Disc


King George V Dock is a dock for ocean-going vessels operated by the Clyde Port Authority in  the Shieldhall (Govan) area of Glasgow in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. It is located near Braehead in Renfrewshire and lies on the boundary between the council areas of Renfrewshire and the City of Glasgow.

A large single basin with unrestricted entry, it opened in 1931 to accommodate the larger vessels then beginning to service the Clyde and was named after George V, the reigning monarch. It is the largest dock on the Upper Clyde, as well as the only operational one within Glasgow's city boundary. The dock currently deals with dry bulk cargoes, including animal feeds, grains, chemicals and industrial equipment, and offers easy transfer of goods to the M8 motorway and the national rail network via the remaining stub of the Glasgow and Renfrew District Railway and the Inverclyde Line.

References

External links
The Glasgow Story: King George V Dock
King George V Dock history - Clyde Waterfront Heritage
KGV at The Peel Group

Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Docks (maritime)
Ports and harbours of Scotland
Govan

King George V Dock, Glasgow


The Raid on Port Dover was an episode during the War of 1812. American troops crossed Lake Erie to capture or destroy stocks of grain and destroy mills at Port Dover, Ontario, which were used to provide flour for British troops stationed on the Niagara Peninsula. At the instigation of Lieutenant Colonel John B. Campbell and without sanction from his superiors or the government of the United States, the Americans also destroyed private houses and other property, prompting British commanders to demand reprisals in other theatres of the war. To some degree, the burning of Washington by the British later in the year was influenced by the American actions at Port Dover.

Background
In the spring of 1814, the Americans were preparing to make an attack across the Niagara River. As the Americans held undisputed control of Lake Erie, the troops at Presque Isle on the lake's southern shore were no longer needed to protect the improvised shipyard there, and were ordered to join the main American army at Buffalo, New York.

The idea of raiding the Canadian settlements near Long Point and destroying the mills there en route to Buffalo occurred both to Captain Arthur Sinclair, commanding the armed vessels of the United States Navy on Lake Erie, and Lieutenant Colonel John B. Campbell, commanding the troops at Presque Isle.

It took some days to assemble the expedition, in particular to obtain volunteers from the Pennsylvania Militia, and Sinclair later considered that the delay and publicity prevented the raid from achieving surprise. On 13 May 750 troops, composed of detachments of regulars (including artillery) and Pennsylvania militia, were embarked aboard Sinclair's ships. The expedition was accompanied by several renegade Canadian guides, including Abraham Markle.

Raid
In the late afternoon of 14 May, the Americans landed near Port Dover. There was a minor skirmish between American militiamen and some Canadian militiamen who were trying to remove goods from a storehouse.

The Americans remained where they had disembarked during the night of 14 May. The next day, they marched to the village of Dover, where they drew up in formal line of battle, although there was no opposition. On Campbell's orders they then set fire to every building in the settlement: twenty houses, three flour mills, three sawmills, three distilleries, twelve barns and some other buildings. All livestock was shot, and their bodies left to rot. Some of Sinclair's sailors took the hind ends of the slaughtered hogs, but other than these opportune thefts, there was no plundering. Although the local women and children were allowed to remove their personal possessions from their houses before they were set on fire, they were able to remove only small items.

Much of the property destroyed had belonged to Robert Nichol, who was noted for his support for the British authorities, at the instigation of Markle, who had been expelled from the local Legislative Assembly by Nichol.

The Americans then re-embarked, but landed again the next day to burn another mill and a sawmill. They then returned to Presque Isle. During the entire raid, the only opposition had been some scattered Canadian militia, and a troop of the 19th Light Dragoons. The British had either received word of the impending raid, or had taken precautions against the possibility, and almost all the flour in the settlement (several hundred barrels) had already been removed to safety.

Aftermath

Sinclair and several other American officers (particularly among the militia) were enraged by Campbell's actions. Campbell insisted, both at the time and subsequently in a note to the British Major General Phineas Riall, commanding the division on the Niagara Peninsula, that he personally ordered the destruction without any sanction from his superiors or the United States government, in retaliation for the burning of the American settlements of Havre de Grace (on Chesapeake Bay), Lewiston and Buffalo the previous year.

The official notes of protest from Riall and complaints by Sinclair and other Americans prompted the United States Army to hold a Court of Enquiry, presided over by Brigadier General Winfield Scott, on 20 June. The court concluded that Campbell was justified in burning the mills and distilleries which might have been used to supply flour and spirits to the British forces, and that some adjacent buildings were unavoidably involved. However, Campbell was found to have made an error of judgement in destroying private houses and other buildings. No further disciplinary action was taken at the time, and Campbell was mortally wounded at the Battle of Chippawa on 5 July.

British response
Lieutenant General Sir George Prevost, the Governor General of the Canadas and commander in chief of the forces there, wrote on 2 June to Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane, commander of the North American Station of the Royal Navy, without noting that Campbell had not acted under orders:

...in consequence of the late disgraceful conduct of the American troops in the wanton destruction of private property on the north shores of Lake Erie, in order that if the war with the United States continues you may, should you judge it advisable, assist in inflicting that measure of retaliation which shall deter the enemy from a repetition of similar outrages.

Cochrane in turn wrote from his station in Bermuda on 18 June to John Wilson Croker, the Secretary to the Admiralty:

I am most decidedly of opinion that the readiest way to attain this object is to bring home to the supporters of the Government which authorizes this unnatural system of warfare a full share of its dreadful calamities and to this end, I have issued to the commanding officer of H.M. blockading squadron an order, accompanied by a secret memorandum...

ORDER FOR RETALIATION
No. 1
By the Honorable  Alexander Cochrane, K.B. &c, &c, &c.

Whereas... it appears that the American troops in Upper Canada have committed the most wanton and unjustifiable outrages on the unoffending inhabitants by burning their mills and houses, and by a general devastation of private property...

You are hereby required and directed to destroy and lay waste such towns and districts as you may find assailable. You will hold strictly in view the conduct of the American army towards His Majesty's unoffending Canadian subjects and you will spare merely the lives of the unarmed inhabitants of the United States.

In the appended secret memorandum, Cochrane modified these severe orders by instructing his commanders to spare places which furnished supplies to British ships or troops, or to levy contributions in return for forbearance, in proportion to the value of goods and buildings spared. This code of conduct was followed by the British during the Raid on Alexandria.

References
Footnotes

Citations

Sources

 Zaslow, Morris (ed) The Defended Border, Macmillan of Canada, 1964,

External links

Conflicts in 1814
Battles of the War of 1812 in Ontario
Battles on the Niagara Frontier
1814 in Upper Canada
Military raids
History of Norfolk County, Ontario
May 1814 events

Raid on Port Dover


Bringing Up Father is a 1946 American comedy film, based on the comic strip Bringing Up Father by George McManus, about the adventures of the social-climbing Maggie and her long-suffering husband Jiggs.  Here, one of Maggie's society friends enlists her help in getting an undesirable tenant evicted, a tenant who turns out to be Jiggs himself.  Meanwhile, Jiggs rounds up his friends from the bar to defend his turf.

McManus briefly appears here as himself.  This 1946 production is subsequent to a number of previous Maggie and Jiggs movies, both animated and live-action, notably a silent 1928 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film directed by Jack Conway.  This one was successful enough to inspire four more Monogram sequels:

 Jiggs and Maggie in Society (1948)
 Jiggs and Maggie in Court (1948)
 Jiggs and Maggie in Jackpot Jitters (1949)
 Jiggs and Maggie Out West (1950)

All five of these featured former vaudevillian Joe Yule (father of Mickey Rooney) as Jiggs, and were his final films.

Cast

 Joe Yule as Jiggs
 Renie Riano as Maggie Jiggs
 Tim Ryan as Dinty Moore
 June Harrison as Nora Jiggs
 Wallace Chadwell as Danny
 Tom Kennedy as Murphy
 Laura Treadwell as Mrs. Kermishaw
 William Frambes as Junior Kermishaw
 Pat Goldin as Dugan
 Jack Norton as Norton
 Ferris Taylor as F. Newson Kermishaw
 Tom Dugan as Hod Carrier
 Joe Devlin as Casey
 Fred Kelsey as Tom
 Charles C. Wilson as Frank
 Bob Carleton as Pianist
 George McManus as himself

External links

1946 films
1946 romantic comedy films
American romantic comedy films
Bringing Up Father
Films based on American comics
Films based on comic strips
Films directed by Edward F. Cline
Live-action films based on comics
Monogram Pictures films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films

Bringing Up Father (1946 film)


Mineseeker Foundation is a South African organisation dedicated to the detection, identification and removal of land mines, especially in African countries. It also provides help for people who have been affected by land mines, assisting in rehabilitation of the land and ensuring that affected communities have productive and sustainable futures. The organisation estimates that there are over 100 million land mines still buried, and that someone steps on a land mine every 19 minutes.

Mineseeker Foundation uses technology developed by the British Ministry of Defence and licensed to the organisation to detect and remove mines. Its effectiveness in Kosovo was featured in the BBC documentary Mineseekers.

The Mineseeker Foundation also operates an initiative called The Sole of Africa, which provides assistance to communities affected by land mines. Once land mines are detected and removed, the land is returned to agricultural uses. The foundation is supported by a number of notable patrons and ambassadors including Nelson Mandela, Oscar Pistorius and Brad Pitt.

References

External links
Official site
The Sole of Africa

Foundations based in South Africa
Mine warfare and mine clearance organizations

Mineseeker Foundation


Asikkala is a municipality of Finland. It is in the province of Southern Finland and the region of Päijänne Tavastia. The downtown of Asikkala is called Vääksy. It has a canal, Vääksyn kanava. Asikkala has an area of 756.2 km². 192.29 km² of it is water.

Asikkala is on the coast of the lake Päijänne. As of 31 May 2013, 8,444 people live in the municipality.

Other websites

 The official Asikkala page

Municipalities of Päijät-Häme

Asikkala


USS YMS-386 was a U.S. Navy World War II Type 1 Class Auxiliary Motor Minesweeper. On 6 October 1942 her hull was laid down at the Colberg Boat Works of Stockton, California. During World War II, the Colberg Boat Works, constructed a number of vessels under contract with the U.S. Navy.  She was launched on 23 March 1943 and commissioned on 23 July.

YMS-386 carried a total complement of 32, four officers and 28 crew. She had a displacement of 270 tons, a length of 136 feet, a beam of 24 feet 6 inches and a draft of 8 feet. Powered by two 880shp General Motors 8-268A diesel engines and two shafts, with a maximum speed of 15 knots. Her armament included one single 3"/50 foredeck gun mount, two Oerlikon 20mm single barrel AA guns, one port and one starboard, mounted aft of the pilot house and two DCP's (Depth Charge Projectors).

In June 1945, YMS-386 departed Pearl Harbor with a minesweeper convoy engaging in live-fire exercises en route to Johnson Island. From Johnson Island YMS-386 again departed with other minesweeper craft to participate in mine craft sweeping operations off the coast of Okinawa Japan. En route to Okinawa, an electrical fire caused enough damage to force YMS-386 to change course to Guam for approximately two weeks for repairs. While sweeping coastal waters off of Okinawa on 6 August, the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima.

After the formal Japanese surrender on 2 September, YMS-386 continued sweeping duties of post-war Japanese harbors. While at port at Buckner Bay Okinawa, at 0430 on 4 October she received urgent orders to get underway to sail around the southern tip of Okinawa into the Sea of China and proceed 80 nautical miles to Unton Ko at the north end of the island. She sailed into mountainous swells and wind driven seas with other vessels attempting to escape the oncoming typhoon. At one point in the midst of a violent 58% roll, she escaped a near fantail collision with . After 13 hours, YMS-386 was only four of 13 ships to successfully complete the journey to Unton Ko. This event became known Typhoon Louise of 4–10 October, eventually causing substantial loss of life and loss of ships. She set sail for Osaka Wan and Yokaichi Bay in Osaka to continue sweeping operations in Japanese waters until December 1945.

(Excerpts from the Journal of Gunners Mate 1st Class Clifford E. Medley, USS YMS-386, June 1945-December 1945)

Disposal
On 27 May 1946 YMS-386 was sold and struck from the Naval Register on 3 July. Her fate is unknown.

References

1943 ships
Ships built in Stockton, California
World War II minesweepers of the United States
YMS-1-class minesweepers of the United States Navy

USS YMS-386


HMS Finwhale (S05) was the fifth Porpoise-class submarine of the Royal Navy. She was launched on 21 July 1959 and first commissioned on 19 August 1960.

Operational service
During her first commission she went further under the ice than any other submarine at the time. She was recommissioned on 27 January 1964. In March 1965 on her second Arctic patrol she further eclipsed her first ice patrol, penetrating 95 miles into the ice.  She was present at Portsmouth Navy Days in 1965 and 1966.

While in the Far East she was fitted with an Oerlikon deck gun.

She was used as a harbour training vessel between 1979 and 1987. She left under tow for scrapping in Spain on 28 March 1988. She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to be named after the fin whale.

References

Publications

British Porpoise-class submarines
Ships built on the River Mersey
1959 ships

HMS Finwhale


Cesar Chavez is a 2014 Mexican American biographical film produced and directed by Diego Luna about the life of American labor leader Cesar Chavez, who cofounded the United Farm Workers. The film stars Michael Peña as Chavez. John Malkovich co-stars as the owner of a large industrial grape farm who leads the opposition to Chavez's organizing efforts. It premiered in the Berlinale Special Galas section of the 64th Berlin International Film Festival.

Plot
The film follows Cesar Chavez's efforts to organize 50,000 farm workers in California. Some of them were braceros—temporary workers from Mexico permitted to live and work in the United States in agriculture, and required to return to Mexico if they stopped working. Working conditions are very poor for the farmworkers, who also suffer from racism and brutality at the hands of the employers and local Californians.

To help the workers, Cesar Chavez (Michael Peña) forms a labor union known as the United Farm Workers (UFW). Chavez's efforts are opposed, sometimes violently, by the owners of the large industrial farms where the farmworkers work. The film touches on several major nonviolent campaigns by the UFW: the Delano grape strike, the Salad Bowl strike, and the 1975 Modesto march.

Cast

Production

Screenplay and production staff
Although numerous books, magazine articles, and scholarly studies have been written about Cesar Chavez, Chavez is the first feature film about the labor leader. Keir Pearson, who wrote the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for the 2004 film Hotel Rwanda, wrote Chavez. Many writers and producers had tried for years to obtain the rights to Chavez's life story, but failed.  Pearson negotiated for two years with Chavez's heirs before he and production partner, television producer Larry Meli, were able to secure the rights to Chavez's life in 2011. Pearson says his script focuses on the positive aspects of Chavez's personality, family life, and public accomplishments, but it is not a whitewash. Pearson and the producers reviewed the script with the Chavez family. Many of the comments made by the family, as well as anecdotes told by them, made it into the script.  Pearson also relied heavily on archival material held by the Cesar Chavez Foundation.  The script focuses primarily on the grape boycotts and strikes of the 1960s and early 1970s.

The producers of Chavez include Diego Luna, Gael Garcia Bernal, and Pablo Cruz (all principals of Canana Films); John Malkovich, Lianne Halfon, and Russell Smith (principals in Malkovich's production company, Mr. Mudd); writer Keir Pearson; and TV producer Larry Meli. In June 2012, production company Participant Media purchased the North American distribution rights to the film, and Participant Media's Jeff Skoll and Jonathan King were added as executive producers.

Chavez is directed by Diego Luna. The film is only Luna's second motion picture, and is his first film whose primary language is English. Luna said that directing in both English (for the main actors) and Spanish (for the extras) was a struggle.

Casting

Chicago-born Michael Peña stars as Chavez, the Mexican American labor leader born in Yuma, Arizona, in 1927. Peña says he knew almost nothing about Cesar Chavez prior to taking the role.  His father, a Mexican farmer who emigrated to the United States, almost wept when Peña told him that he was going to play Cesar Chavez. Peña says he extensively studied historical records to gain a better understanding of Chavez. Because Peña keeps his hair very short, he had to wear a wig during the production.

America Ferrera was cast as Helen, the wife of Cesar Chavez who played a quiet, behind-the scenes role in Chavez's work. In contrast to Michael Peña, Ferrera (who was born in Los Angeles, California, to parents who had emigrated from Honduras) said she had learned a great deal about who Cesar Chavez was while growing up and in school. Ferrera said she met several times with Helen Chávez to learn more about her role in the farmworker movement. Ferrera says that she learned that Helen Chávez pushed her husband hard to keep the farmworker movement alive, all while raising eight children. Ferrera called the role daunting.

Rosario Dawson was cast as Dolores Huerta, the New Mexico-born daughter of a union activist and New Mexico state assemblyman who co-founded the United Farm Workers with Chavez. Dawson admitted that she did not know much about Dolores Huerta when she took the role. But, she says, she spoke with Huerta to research the role, and the more she learned the more impressed she was. She also admitted to being "a little frightened about making sure that I get it right." Huerta has expressed her happiness that Dawson took the role.

John Malkovich became involved with Chavez through his role as producer. Diego Luna convinced him to take the role of an abusive grape-grower. Malkovich agreed to the role because he admired Luna's previous film, and wished to take part in telling an important story about fairness. Actor Gabriel Mann plays another abusive agricultural producer. Mann says he took the role because he felt it was a timely story that spoke to what happens when workers lack union protections.

Production locations and notes
Most of Chavez was shot in Mexico.  In part, Mexico offered much lower production costs, and was where most of the producers lived and worked.  But many rural and urban parts of Mexico still look as California did in the 1960s, which proved critical in obtaining a sense of visual realism for the film. A portion of the picture was filmed in Cananea. The city, which is ethnically diverse, was able to provide a large number of Anglo-looking actors to portray non-Hispanic Americans. Additional locations around Hermosillo were also used. Workers in Hermosillo's numerous Chinese restaurants were recruited to portray the Filipino agricultural workers whom Chavez also sought to organize. The city's Art Deco public library served as the headquarters of one of the large agricultural companies that Chavez dealt with, and a  field outside Hermosillo served as a farm near Delano, California. Scenes in grape fields were filmed in vineyards in the Mexican state of Sonora, where grape-growers still drape grape vines over wooden crosses, as Californians did in the 1960s. The production built shacks in the Sonoran grape fields to replicate the housing of migrant workers in California in the 1960s. The shooting in the Sonoran grape fields was difficult. The production was afflicted with dust storms and a tremendous number of insects. It was also terribly hot, and several actors collapsed on the set from dehydration.

Historical accuracy was important to the filmmakers. In addition to choosing locations which looked like California in the 1960s, actors were taught to speak in a Chicano dialect typical of the late 1960s and early 1970s. Dialect coach Claudia Vazquez says that dialect is very different from the Spanish and Spanish-inflected English spoken by many Mexican Americans in California today.

The film has a production budget of $10 million, nearly all of which came from Mexican investors.

Reception

Cesar Chavez received a mixed reception from critics upon its release. It currently holds a 38% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 73 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Too in awe of its subject's great works to present him as a human being, Cesar Chávez settles for trite hagiography." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 51 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews" from critics. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

One negative review, from historian Matt Garcia, expressed that the film concentrates too much on hero-making and avoids criticism and complexity, but offers that this is a limitation of the biopic genre. However, critic Owen Gleiberman, in his positive review of the film, stated that it "couldn't be more timely."

The movie was panned by the Filipino American National Historical Society, for diminishing the role of Filipino American agricultural workers. Matt Garcia, in the Smithsonian Magazine, went further in his criticism of the movie for diminishing the role of other Mexican-American labor activists, as well as the many white volunteers and organizers who assisted Chavez and the strike. Another criticism levied at the film was that its production was insufficiently Chicano.

See also

References

External links

2014 films
2014 biographical drama films
2014 independent films
American biographical drama films
American independent films
American political drama films
Cesar Chavez
Mexican biographical drama films
Mexican independent films
2010s Spanish-language films
Films scored by Michael Brook
Films about activists
Films about the labor movement
Films set in the 1960s
Films set in the 1970s
Films set in California
Films shot in Mexico
History of labor relations in the United States
Hispanic and Latino American drama films
Films about Mexican Americans
Mr. Mudd films
Participant (company) films
Social realism in film
United Farm Workers
2014 drama films
Spanish-language American films
English-language Mexican films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
2010s Mexican films

Cesar Chavez (film)


Robert Moorhouse (7 September 1866 – 7 January 1921) was an English first-class cricketer, who played 206 matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1888 and 1899.  He also played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) (1891-1900) and an XI of Yorkshire (1894).

He was born in Berry Brow, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England. In 217 first-class games overall, he scored 5,337 runs at 18.72 on the difficult pitches of the time.  He recorded three centuries, with his best a knock of 113 against Somerset.  His other tons came at the expense of MCC (105) and Warwickshire (102*).  He took 49 wickets with his right arm medium pace, at a cost of 28.08 apiece, with his best bowling return of 4 for 40 coming against Sussex whilst playing for the MCC.  He was also on the MCC groundstaff at one time.

A short plucky man, Moorhouse had the reputation of being a fine cover-point fielder. A product of Armitage Bridge C.C. in the Huddersfield League, Moorhouse was often on the fringes of the Yorkshire side, and sometimes appeared in preference to a better batsman due to his fielding ability.  Subsequently he was coach at Sedbergh School.

His brother, Fred Moorhouse, played 117 games for Warwickshire.

Moorhouse died in January 1921 in Taylor Hill, Huddersfield, at the age of 54.

References

External links

1866 births
1921 deaths
Yorkshire cricketers
Cricketers from Huddersfield
English cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
English cricketers of 1864 to 1889
English cricketers of 1890 to 1918

Robert Moorhouse


Keith Mansfield (born 1941 in London, England) is a British composer and arranger known for his creation of prominent television theme tunes, including the Grandstand theme for the BBC.

Career
Other works include "The Young Scene" (the original 1968 theme to The Big Match), "Light and Tuneful" (the opening theme for the BBC's coverage of the Wimbledon Tennis Championships), "World Champion" (the closing theme for NBC's coverage of the same tournament), and "World Series" (used for the BBC's athletics coverage). One of his library music recordings, "Teenage Carnival", was used as the theme to the cult 1960s ITV children's television series Freewheelers. He has also composed film scores for British movies such as Loot (1970) and Taste of Excitement (1970), and the western Three Bullets for a Long Gun (1971). He also scored the start-up and shutdown themes for Granada Television in 1978, which were used for ten years before it switched to 24-hour television.

Mansfield is probably best known by American audiences as the composer of the tune "Funky Fanfare", used for underscoring in the Astro Daters series of snipes produced by the National Screen Service in the late 1960s. That song is currently used during the opening credits of the show Pit Boss on Animal Planet, as well as backing music for the "Quick Hits" segment on the Sklarbro Country podcast. Mansfield also composed the brass tune "Superstar Fanfare", which was notably used (in several variations) by Channel Television in the Channel Islands, RTL plus's news programme 7 vor 7, Worldvision Enterprises, and by the Services Sound and Vision Corporation (SSVC) as a idents jingle for British Forces TV in West Germany, Berlin, Cyprus, The Falkland Islands and Gibraltar in the 1980s and 1990s.

The Astro Daters' "Our Next Attraction" was featured prominently in two films by Quentin Tarantino, Kill Bill and Death Proof. A vocal version of Funky Fanfare entitled "House of Jack" was also recorded by James Royal in 1969.  Another Mansfield composition, "National Pride," was the opening theme to the 1980 movie Fist of Fear, Touch of Death, which utilizes Mansfield's library music score, and as the logo jingle for CBS/Fox Video. A song remix was also used in the game, Saints Row: The Third.

In the 1960s and 1970s, Mansfield was a significant figure in the UK library music scene and recorded many materials for the production music company KPM. His work has been sampled by prominent hip-hop producers such as Danger Mouse ("Funky Fanfare" on the Danger Doom track "Old School Rules", "Junior Jet Set" on "Run" by Gnarls Barkley, and "Morning Broadway" on the Danger Doom track "Space Ho's"), Madlib, as well as Fatboy Slim ("Young Scene" on the track "Punk to Funk") and most recently, "Walkin" by Denzel Curry, produced by Kal Banx.  American sports fans will find a lot of Mansfield's and other KPM composers' music used on NFL Films team highlights and Super Bowl documentaries. American sports journalist Jon Bois uses Mansfield's work ("Love De Luxe", "Style City") in his videos.

Mansfield was arranger and conductor for several tracks on Dusty Springfield's 1968 UK album Dusty... Definitely, and acted as orchestral arranger on some hits for Love Affair ("Everlasting Love") and Marmalade ("Reflections of My Life"), among others. He also produced some work with Maynard Ferguson.

References

Further reading

Articles
Jonze, Tim (23 August 2016). "Grandstand, Countdown, Ski Sunday: the unsung heroes behind TV's greatest tunes". The Guardian.

Books
 Hollander, David; Masi, Dominic (2018). Unusual Sounds: The Hidden History of Library Music. Anthology Editions. .
 Kerridge, Adrian (2021). Tape's Rolling, Take One!. UK: M-Y Books. .

External links

Go Home Productions "Grandstand Supreme" Keith Mansfield-Supremes on YouTube

British composers
Living people
People educated at Upton Court Grammar School
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
1941 births
Musicians from London

Keith Mansfield


Aasta Hansteen, also known as Hasta Hanseen (born December 10, 1824 – April 13, 1908), was a Norwegian painter, writer, and early feminist.

Life and career
Aasta Hansteen was born in Christiania, modern day Oslo, the daughter of Christopher Hansteen, a noted professor of astronomy, geophysics and applied mathematics at the University of Oslo. She started her art education in Copenhagen (1840 - 1841) where she learned to draw.  She continued her training for three years at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf where she studied fine brush alignment. She is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting. She exhibited her work at the 1855 World's Fair in Paris.

She returned to Norway and settled in Christiania where she, for several years, was in demand as the city's only portrait artist. Her most famous painting is possibly the portrait of her father, which is on permanent exhibit at the National Gallery of Norway.

Overwhelmed by the interest in her portraits, she resigned from her craft for several years and moved to Telemark, where she developed an interest in Norwegian dialects. When she moved back to Christiania, she studied with the linguist Ivar Aasen.  In 1862 she published anonymously a small book written in Nynorsk and had the distinction of being the first woman to publish in this language.

Together with her foster daughter Theodora Nielsen, she sailed from Christiania on April 9, 1880. She lived in the United States for nine years (1880-1889). She spent six and a half years in the Boston area and two and a half years in the Midwest, primarily Chicago.  Aasta Hansteen met or observed  such leading reformers on the time as Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, Mary Livermore, and Wendell Phillips. Her initial income came from writing for the Christiania-based newspaper Verdens Gang, which she supplemented by painting portraits on commission.  Among others, Norwegian reformer and editor Marcus Thrane sat for his portrait. In 1889, she returned to Norway with a renewed interest in the women's movement. She joined the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights  (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening) and became an active contributor in the press on women's rights.

Hansteen died in Kristiania, modern-day Oslo.

Hansteen was a vocal critic of the Judeo-Christian and Pauline perception of women, which she felt was denigrating of women's spiritual worth. She was a strong and controversial personality, who frequented cafes and markets on her own, and became one of the more colorful fixtures in Oslo.

Legacy
Henrik Ibsen is said to have used her as a model for the character Lona Hessel in his play The Pillars of Society. Additionally she was believed to have served as the inspiration for the title role in Gunnar Heiberg's Aunt Ulrikke. Norwegian pianist and composer Agathe Backer Grøndahl dedicated compositions to her.   Her grave in Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo, marked with a bust made by Gustav Vigeland.  Aasta Hansteens vei  in the Stovner borough of the city of Oslo and Aasta Hansteens vei in Trondheim are both named for Aasta Hansteen. A statue of her by Norwegian sculptor, Nina Sundbye, in located in the Aker Brygge area of Oslo

The Aasta Hansteen gas field came on stream 16 December 2018. The Aasta Hansteen field is located in 1 300 metres of water in the Vøring area in the Norwegian Sea, 300 kilometres west of Sandnessjøen. Its floating platform is higher than the Eiffel tower.

Selected works
 Skrift og Umskrift i Landsmaalet, 1862
 Kvindens stilling i Verden, i Nordisk Maanedsskrift for folkelig og kristelig Oplysning, 1871
 Kvinden skabt i Guds Billede, 1878
 Kristi kirke i det nittende aarhundrede, 1897
 Dikt i (Ivar Aasens) landsmaal. 1862–67, 1908

References

1824 births
1908 deaths
19th-century Norwegian painters
20th-century Norwegian painters
19th-century Norwegian women artists
20th-century Norwegian women artists
Norwegian feminists
Portrait painters
Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
Norwegian women's rights activists
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
Norwegian women painters
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people

Aasta Hansteen


The Palors also known as Serer-Palor, (or Waro in their own language) among other names, are an ethnic group found in Senegal around the west central, west southwest of Thiès. They are a sub-group of the Serer ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. Although ethnically Serers, they do not speak the Serer language but one of the Cangin languages. Their language is Palor.

Other names
Other names for the Palor people include Waro (the name for themselves), Palors-Sile, Waro-Waro, Falor, Sili, Sili-Sili (the name they use for their language). The word Sili is a Palor word for Serer.

History

According to Atlas National du Sénégal (Institut Géographique National 1977), their population was 5000. By 2007, their population was 10,700. They are found in the area of Diander, such as: Gorom, Sébikotane, Tieudem, Mbidjeum, etc.

The Palors are a member of the Cangin people (those who speak the Cangin languages) and a sub-group of the Serer people. In their oral history, the Palor and Ndut accepts a common origin and language. Their tradition went on to say that, the Palors moved southwards from the village of Palo (in the Ndut Region). Another account attributes the separation of the Palor and Ndut to a disagreement between two brothers, which led to the younger brother moving north out of the Palor Region in order to form the Ndut ethnic group.  In similarity, the Saafi and Noon traditions states a common ancestral heritage. The Noon people used to return and pray at the Sacred wood they left behind in the Safen Region after they had migrated north. From a wider perspective, the Cangin people are part of the Serer group, and some of these group were defeated in the 11th century by the Almoravids and their African Muslim coalition army, when they advanced in Tekrur (present-day Futa Toro), resulting in the southward migration of some of these people, who refused to accept Islam (see Serer history (medieval era to present) and Timeline of Serer history).

The Palors, like many of the Cangin speakers residing on the Cayor and its borders, have a long reputation for waging wars against the Damel of Cayor, the Portuguese as well as the French. The name of their king was the Fara Ndout (variation : "Fara Ndut"). He was elected by the Damel from the royal family, and a candidate to the throne of Cayor. He had authority over the Nduts, the Palors and the region of Diander. In some cases, he was hardly listened to.

They are among the oldest inhabitants of Senegal, especially around Pout area (var : Put).

Culture

The Palor language is classified as one of the Cangin languages which is closely related to the Ndut language and distantly related to Serer proper.

Many Palors are farmers who grow millet (a staple food among the Serers). They also grow and sell peanuts, manioc (cassava), mangoes, tomatoes, bissap (similar to the hibiscus flower), etc. Many Palors also work in the cities of Thiès and Dakar and even sometimes further afield at Kaolack in order to earn income and support their families. Unlike the other Serer groups, the Palors, especially those from poorer families, are at a disadvantage educationally, because there is little or no educational facilities in their own region. As a result, they have to send their children to boarding schools in Safene country (the lands of the Saafi people), such as Sangué, etc. Lack of educational facilities has resulted in Palor children not receiving formal education.

Religion

Like many of the Cangin language speakers such as the Safene, etc., they adhere to the tenets of Serer religion. They make offerings of the harvest firstfruits to the ancestral spirits (Pangool - in Serer religion) and retain the "chef coutumier" ("one who performs prayers to the spirits" - the Serer Lamanes in the old religious sense, can also be the Saltigues, see Timeline of Serer history). Their traditional and religious songs are also preserved, usually sung in the Ndut language and forms the basis of Serer hymns.

Some Palors are Christians or Muslims. Like most Serer Muslims, their conversion to Islam is very recent. Though there are some Palor Muslim and Christian communities, syncretism with the Serer religion is prevalent.

See also
Niominka people
Saafi people
Serer people
Serer-Laalaa
Serer-Ndut people
Serer-Noon

References

Serer people

Palor people


Audrey Forbes Manley (born March 25, 1934) is an American pediatrician and public health administrator. Manley was the first African-American woman appointed as chief resident at Cook County Children's Hospital in Chicago (1962). Manley was the first to achieve the rank of Assistant Surgeon General (Rear Admiral) in 1988 and later served as the eighth president of Spelman College.

Early life

Audrey Elaine Manley (née Forbes) was born on March 25, 1934, in Jackson, Mississippi. Her parents, Ora Lee Buckhalter and Jesse Lee Forbes, quickly relocated Manley and her two sisters, Barbara and Yvonne, to Tougaloo, Mississippi, near Tougaloo College. She was the eldest of three daughters in a tenant farming family. Manley was inspired to pursue medicine after the death of her maternal grandmother as well as with the encouragement from her seventh-grade science teacher. During World War II, the Forbes family moved to Chicago after her grandmother could no longer care for her and her siblings.

Education

In 1951, Manley graduated as the class valedictorian from Wendell Phillips High School in Chicago. She then attended Spelman College, where she majored in biology, with a double minor in chemistry and mathematics. Manley graduated cum laude from Spelman College in 1955. She then continued her education at Meharry Medical College on a full-tuition scholarship and graduated in 1959. Nearly 30 years later, in 1987, Manley received a master's degree in public health from Johns Hopkins University.

Career
In 1962, Manley began her medical career and completed her residency in Chicago by being appointed as the first African-American woman to be chief resident as Cook County Children's Hospital. During her residency, Manley taught pediatrics at the Cook County School of Nursing. In 1970, Manley moved back to Atlanta after her marriage and began to work at Grady Memorial Hospital's Emory University Family Planning Clinic as the Chief of Medical Services. She simultaneously began to serve as "First Lady" for the remainder of her husband's tenure as the fifth president of Spelman College and created initiatives such as the Health Career Program. In 1976, Manley was appointed as a captain in the U.S. Public Health Service. Over the next decade, Manley continued her medical pursuits in pediatrics and medical education at a number of institutions including the University of Chicago, the University of Illinois, Chicago Medical College, Emory University and Howard University. Additionally, Manley studied sickle cell disease and fought for government funding of sickle-cell research.

Beginning in 1989, Manley held a host of government jobs with the U.S. Public Health Service including becoming the first black woman to serve as Principal Deputy Assistant for Public Health (1989), Member of the U.S. Delegation to UNICEF and the UNICEF/WHO Joint Committee on Health Policy (1990-1993), Deputy Surgeon General (1994), and Co-founder Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Minority Health.  Manley became the first black woman to serve as acting Surgeon General of the United States from 1995 to 1997, between the tenures of Joycelyn Elders and J. Jarrett Clinton. During her tenure, Manley focused on emphasizing the importance of physical activity and the health benefits accompanying exercise.

Spelman presidency
From 1997 to 2002, Manley served as the 8th President of Spelman College, a historically black college for women in Atlanta, Georgia. She was the first alumna to be elected president of the college, carrying on the legacy of her husband, Dr. Albert E. Manley, who was the first African American and male president of Spelman College from 1953 to 1976. During her tenure, the college continued to achieve high rankings in multiple areas, including the second-highest producer of black medical students. Additionally, Spelman joined Division II of the NCAA and received a chapter in Phi Beta Kappa.

Later years
Though Manley has been retired since 2002, she continues to be involved in the National Merit Scholarship Corporation and the American Academy of Family Physicians.

Personal life
During Manley's youth, she was well-connected in the black community, attending social events with the likes of Roy Wood and Don Cornelius.

Manley also demonstrated her passion for service with Crossroads Africa where she ran a children's ward in a Nigerian hospital. Additionally, she worked in San Francisco to give medical services to children addicted to drugs.

The earliest known encounter between Manley (then Forbes) and her future husband, Albert Manley, occurred while Manley was still a student at Spelman, where she convinced then-President Manley to allow her to take advanced science courses at Morehouse College. The two reconnected when Forbes was chosen as a Board of Trustees member at Spelman. The couple married in 1970.

Legacy
Manley has received awards from the National Council of Negro Women (1979), the United States Public Health Service (1981, 1992), the Young Women's Christian Association (1999) and the Atlanta City Council (2002). Manley has received honorary degrees from Tougaloo College in 1991, and is an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta, Incorporated.
The Albro Falconer Manley Science Center at Spelman College was partly named for Dr. Manley in 2002.

References

1934 births
Living people
Spelman College alumni
Meharry Medical College alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Surgeons General of the United States
Delta Sigma Theta members
People from Jackson, Mississippi
American women physicians
21st-century African-American scientists
American medical researchers
Academics from Mississippi
American pediatricians
Women pediatricians
African-American women physicians
African-American physicians
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
21st-century African-American academics
21st-century American academics

Audrey F. Manley


Wilhelm II, the Rich (23 April 1371 – 13 March 1425) was the second son of Margrave Frederick the Strict of Meissen and Catherine of Henneberg.

Under the Division of Chemnitz of 1382, he received the Osterland and Landsberg jointly with his brothers, Frederick I, Elector of Saxony and George (d. 1402).  When Margrave William I "the one-eyed" died in 1407, William and Frederick also inherited a part of Meissen.  Under the 1410 Treaty of Naumburg, however, the brothers agreed to a fresh division of the Meissen territory.  They agreed to divide the Osterland between themselves.  They did so in 1411; William received the larger part of the Osterland, including Leipzig, which Frederick had managed to obtain instead of Jena.

William fought at his brother's side in the Hussite war in Bohemia.  He is rumoured to have been married to Amelia of Mazovia.  According to Karlheinz Blaschke, however, he remained unmarried.

He died on 13 March 1425.

References

Ancestors

References and sources

House of Wettin
Margraves of Meissen
1371 births
1425 deaths
14th-century German nobility
15th-century German nobility

William II, Margrave of Meissen


Metastatic tumor of jaws is the most common form of cancer involving bone.  It affects the mandible in 61% of cases, the maxilla in 24% of cases, and soft tissue in 16% of cases.  In the majority of cases, the tumor originated in the breast, lung, kidney, colon, or prostate.  The original tumor usually spreads to the jaws through Batson's paravertebral plexus.  Teeth can become mobile and paresthesia can occur.  On radiographs, the periodontal ligaments appear widened, and the cancer has a moth-eaten appearance.

References

 Kahn, Michael A. Basic Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Volume 1. 2001.

Oral neoplasia

Metastatic tumor of jaws


James Madison was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Many things were named for him:

People
 Madison (name), a given name and a surname

Place names
 Madison, Wisconsin, the largest city with this name and the state capital of Wisconsin
 Madison, Alabama
 Madison, Arkansas
 Madison, California
 Madison, Connecticut
 Madison, Florida
 Madison, Georgia
 Madison, Illinois
 Madison, Indiana
 Madison, Kansas
 Madison, Maine
 Madison (CDP), Maine, census-designated place in the town of Madison
 Madison, Minnesota
 Madison, Mississippi
 Madison, Missouri
 Madison, Nebraska
 Madison, New Hampshire
 Madison, New Jersey
 Madison (town), New York
 Madison (village), New York, in the town of Madison
 Madison, North Carolina
 Madison, Ohio
 Madison, Pennsylvania
 Madison, South Dakota
 Madison, Tennessee
 Madison, Virginia
 Madison, West Virginia
 Madison (town), Wisconsin, adjacent to the city of Madison
 Madison Lake, Minnesota
 Madison Park, Seattle, Washington State

Streets
 Madison Avenue (Manhattan), a famous avenue in New York City
 Madison Street (Chicago), a major thoroughfare
 Madison Street (Manhattan)

Green places
 Madison Blue Springs State Park
 Madison River, in Wyoming and Montana
 Madison Square, a public park in New York City
 Mount Madison, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire

Buildings
 Madison Square Garden
 Madison Carnegie Library
 Milton-Madison Bridge
 Hamilton-Madison House

Education
 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
 James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
 James Madison College, Michigan State University
 Madison University, Mississippi

Madison


Make Mine Laughs is a 1949 American musical comedy film directed by Richard Fleischer. The film was a compilation of comic scenes and musical numbers from RKO Radio Pictures' feature films and short subjects of the mid-1940s. It was the second of RKO's four "musical revue" features, composed largely of musical and comedy highlights from previous RKO productions. Comedian Gil Lamb hosts the proceedings, finding time to make satirical comments about the opening credits and to perform his "swallowing the harmonica" specialty.

The film clips include two short subjects, Leon Errol's Beware of Redheads and two clips from RKO's Flicker Flashbacks entries (a 1920 fashion show narrated by radio's Ward Wilson and a dramatic playlet narrated by Knox Manning). Other clips from the vaults are Frances Langford singing "Moonlight Over the Islands" (from The Bamboo Blonde), Anne Shirley and Dennis Day duetting on "If You Happen to Find a Heart" (from Music in Manhattan), comedy bandleader Freddie Fisher (from Seven Days Ashore), dance team Rosario & Antonio (from Pan-Americana), and pianist-bandleader Frankie Carle from an RKO short subject. New specialties filmed especially for Make Mine Laughs are performed by puppeteer Robert Lamouret and his duck figure Dudule, Manuel & Marita Viera and their trained-monkeys act, and acrobatic trio The Titans (with Gil Lamb worked into their act).

Ray Bolger and Jack Haley brought suit against RKO for unauthorized use of their performances (Bolger's boxing pantomime from Four Jacks and a Jill and Haley's "Who Killed Vaudeville?" number from George White's Scandals). By the time the suit was settled in 1951, both Bolger and Haley had been paid off, and RKO withdrew the picture from distribution. The studio avoided any future lawsuits by confining its remaining variety-show features Footlight Varieties and Merry Mirthquakes to new numbers staged especially for the films, and comedy sequences from RKO's backlog of short subjects.

References

External links

1949 films
Films directed by Richard Fleischer
1949 musical comedy films
American musical comedy films
American black-and-white films
1940s English-language films
1940s American films
English-language musical comedy films

Make Mine Laughs


Indra Sen (13 May 1903 – 14 March 1994) was a devotee of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother, psychologist, author, and educator, and the founder of Integral psychology as an academic discipline.

Sen was born in the Jhelum District of Punjab (now part of Pakistan) in a Punjabi Hindu family from Punjab, but grew up in Delhi when his family moved there.  From a young age he was interested in the spiritual quest.  He completed a master's degree in both Philosophy and Psychology at the University of Delhi.

To further his studies, he enrolled at the University of Freiburg, in Germany, and obtained a PhD in Philosophy. He also attended the lectures of Martin Heidegger and taught Indian Philosophy and Sanskrit at the University of Koenigsberg. At this time, his main interests were Hegel's philosophy, and Jung's psychology.  He later returned to the University of Delhi.  In December 1933 he met Jung when the latter visited Calcutta for the Indian Science Congress. Sen went on to become President of the psychology section of the Indian Science Congress, and was also a recipient of the Eastern-Western psychology lecture award of the Swami Pranavananda Psychology Trust

In 1945, Sen left his university post and joined his family at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram.  In following years, through lectures, published writings, and personal contacts, he presented Sri Aurobindo's work to academia and universities, where it became well known for the first time.

In a series of professional papers published from the mid-1930s through the 1940s and 1950s, he coined the term Integral psychology, to describe the psychological observations contained in Sri Aurobindo's Yoga psychology and philosophy.  He also was concerned with the formulation of integral education as presented in the teachings of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother.

His papers, which were sent to Sri Aurobindo and later The Mother before publication, were presented at scientific congresses or published in Ashram journals. It was not until 1986 that these papers were published, by the Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education in book form, as Integral Psychology: The Psychological System of Sri Aurobindo.  This has since been issued in a second edition.  The field of Integral psychology was later taken up and developed by Haridas Chaudhuri when he founded the Integral Counseling Psychology program at what is now the California Institute of Integral Studies, in the 1970s.

Another of Sen's tasks was to develop three centres for the ashram under The Mother's supervision.  One was at Jwalapur, near Haridwar, and the other two in the Kumaon Hills – "Mountain Paradise", an orchard, and  "Tapogiri", a place for sadhana (spiritual practice).  The last mentioned especially, he was very committed to.

In all of Sen's work, themes of integral and wholeness were very important, and he frequently used terms like "Integral Culture" and "Integral Man". He observed that in Indian psychology "the theoretical and the practical motives of life are combined" and was critical of psychoanalysis for not being interested in the problem of emotional life as a whole.

Bibliography
 Sen, Indra, The integration of the personality. Indian J. Psychol. 1943 18 31–34.
 – -- A Psychological Appreciation of Sri Aurobindo's System of Integral Yoga. Sri Aurobindo Mandir 1944
 – -- Education and Yoga. Sri Aurobindo Mandir 1945
 – -- Sri Aurobindo on the Ideal of Work. The Advent August 1945
 – -- The urge for wholeness. Indian J. Psychol. 1946 21 1–32.
 – -- Ideals of Indian Philosophy and Educational Life. Vedanta Kesari 1949–50
 – -- Personality and integral Yoga. J. Educ. & Psychol. 1951 9 88–93
 – -- Sri Aurobindo's Theory of the Mind. Philosophy East and West 1952 – and Das, A.C.
 – -- The Pursuit of Philosophy. Sri Aurobindo Mandir 1952
 – -- East-West Synthesis in Sri Aurobindo. The Advent November 1954
 – -- The Yogic Way. Basant 1957
 – -- Concept of Man in Sri Aurobindo. The Advent April 1957; World Union July–Sept 1968
 – -- Sri Aurobindo as a World Philosopher. Philosophy East and West 1957–58
 – -- Reflections on Sri Aurobindo. Pioneer of the Supramental Age 1958
 – -- The New Lead in Philosophy. Mother India November 1958
 – -- The Integral Yoga of Sri Aurobindo as a Contemporary Contribution to Indian Psychology. Mother India February 1959
 – -- The Integral Yoga and Modern Psychology. Basant 1960
 – -- Soul in Ancient and Modern Thought. Jr. Yoga Inst. 1962
 – -- Integral Yoga of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother. The Advent August 1966
 – -- The integral Personality. The Advent November 1966
 – -- The Future Culture of India and the World. Mother India December 1966
 – -- The Pathways to Perfection, the Integral Way. Srinvantu February 1967
 – -- The Yogic Approach to Administration. The Advent February 1967
 – -- Intellectual Activity under Spiritual Auspices. Srinvantu April 1967
 – -- Personality and integral Yoga. The Advent November 1967
 – -- The Supramental Truth. The Advent April 1968
 – -- The Integral Culture of Man. World Union April–June 1970; Unesco Declaration 1970
 – -- Sri Aurobindo and The Mother; Meditation and Allied Methods – Compilation
 – -- Integral Psychology The Psychological System of Sri Aurobindo (In Original Words and in Elaborations), Sri Aurobindo Ashram Publications Department, Pondicherry, 1st edition 1986; 2nd edition 1999

References

Indian psychologists
Integral thought
Sri Aurobindo
Delhi University alumni
People from Jhelum District
1994 deaths
1903 births
20th-century psychologists
Indian Hindus
Punjabi Hindus
Pahari Pothwari people
20th-century translators

Indra Sen


Friedrich Wilhelm Konow (11 July 1842, in Mechow – 18 March 1908, in Teschendorf) was a German entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera especially Tenthredinidae.

Konow was a vicar studying entomology in his spare time.  He wrote Familie Tenthredinidae in Wytsman's, Genera Insectorum ( Fascicle 29) 176 pp. 1905) and very many short papers describing new species of worldwide Tenthredinidae.
His collection is shared between the German Entomological Institute, Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg and Museum für Naturkunde  in Berlin

Publications
Konow, 1899. Einige neue Chalastogastra-Gattungen und Arten. - Entomologische Nachrichten 25:73-79

References
Musgrave, A. 1932 Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775-1930.Sydney

German entomologists
Hymenopterists
1842 births
1908 deaths

Friedrich Wilhelm Konow


Catherine Disher is a British-born Canadian actress. She has won two Gemini Awards: in 2005 for Best Actress for her role in the Canadian mini-series Snakes and Ladders, and in 2010 for her role in The Border. She was also nominated for her role as Dr. Natalie Lambert in the Forever Knight TV series.

She is known for her role as Jill Valentine in Resident Evil 3: Nemesis video game and in the Good Witch TV series and movies, portraying Martha Tinsdale, the mayor of Middleton.

Other websites

References

Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian television writers
Canadian voice actors
Writers from Montreal
1960 births
People from Paddington

Catherine Disher


The Downtown Plainfield Historic District is the historic downtown area of Plainfield, Illinois, United States. The four block district reflects popular architectural styles of the mid-19th through mid-20th century.

History
Plainfield, Illinois was founded in August 1834 by Chester Ingersoll, who platted a town just north of the 1828 settlement of Walkers Corners. That December, Levi Arnold bought the land directly north of Ingersoll's and began to subdivide it; this area would later become the historic district. The construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal in the 1840s brought new residents to Plainfield, as the canal headquarters was only  east in Lockport. Lockport Road connected the two settlements and became an important thoroughfare once the canal opened in 1848. Plainfield was also a convenient stop for travelers going between Chicago and Ottawa. Most early development was residential, but by the late 1840s, a concentration of commercial developments began to organize at the junction between Ingersoll and Arnold's plats. Isaiah Clippinger subdivided his property for commercial use on the south side of Lockport Street between Des Plaines and Illinois Streets. The DuPage Inn and Tavern was one of the first major commercial ventures, located about where 24216 Lockport Street is now.

The Village of Plainfield was formed in 1869 when the northern and southern sections decided to unite; it was incorporated in 1877 with a population around 700. Most commercial structures were wood-framed and were destroyed during a series of four fires from 1888 to 1899. Development in the ensuing decades was prompted by Plainfield's location on an important transportation corridor. In 1904, the Aurora, Plainfield & Joliet Railway provided interurban service between these three cities and located their maintenance shop at 24216 Lockport Street. Lincoln Highway, which passed through town via Lockport Street, was designated in the late 1920s as the first transcontinental highway for automobiles, promoting auto-related commercial development in Plainfield. The Standard Oil station at the southwest corner of Des Plaines and Lockport is the best surviving remnant of the era.

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Will County, Illinois
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Idaho

Downtown Plainfield Historic District