WPHL-TV (channel 17) is a television station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, serving as the local outlet for The CW Television Network. The station also maintains a secondary affiliation with MyNetworkTV. Owned and operated by The CW's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, WPHL-TV has studios in the Wynnefield section of West Philadelphia; it maintains a channel sharing agreement with Vineland, New Jersey–licensed Univision station WUVP-DT (channel 65), under which the two stations transmit using WPHL-TV's spectrum from a tower in the Roxborough antenna farm.

History

WPCA-TV
Radio station WKDN of Camden, New Jersey, received a construction permit for channel 17 as WKDN-TV on January 27, 1954. After not building the facility, the station sold the permit to the Young People's Church of the Air, owned by Percy Crawford, for $40,000 in February 1959. The call letters were changed to WPCA-TV, reflecting both his initials and the name of his long-running broadcast ministry; the city of license was changed from Camden to Philadelphia in March 1960.

Promising a lineup of religious programs and family entertainment, the station signed on July 17, 1960, making it Philadelphia's first commercial UHF station.

WPCA-TV struggled amid the low penetration of UHF tuners prior to the 1964 passage of the All-Channel Receiver Act and Crawford's unexpected death in an October 1960 car accident. The station went silent August 1, 1962, having operated just two years.

The independent years
When channel 17 went silent, its sale was immediately announced to a consortium headed by attorney Aaron Jerome Katz and two real estate men. The station returned to the air on January 31, only to go dark again on June 14, when an application for the sale of channel 17 was finally filed with the Federal Communications Commission. The station's cameras were lent to WHYY-TV, the new public television station in Wilmington, Delaware, to allow that station to operate before a scheduled donation of equipment could be transferred and the station's own equipment did not function properly.

The Philadelphia Television Broadcasting Company, headed by Katz and advertising executive Len Stevens, was approved to purchase the station in mid-1964. After receiving approval to boost its effective radiated power from 12,000 to 626,000 watts, the new owners returned channel 17 to the air on September 17, 1965, as independent station WPHL-TV. It was the third UHF independent to sign-on in Philadelphia that year, two and a half weeks after WKBS-TV (channel 48) and four months after WIBF-TV (channel 29, later WTAF and now WTXF-TV). After merging with U.S. Communications Corporation in 1967 WPHL-TV became the flagship station for their station group. U.S. Communications also operated WATL in Atlanta, WPGH-TV in Pittsburgh, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and KEMO-TV now (KOFY-TV) in San Francisco. The station produced and aired numerous local television shows over the years, including kids' favorite the Wee Willie Webber Colorful Cartoon Club and Dr. Shock's back-to-back shows Mad Theater and Horror Theater.

In the summer of 1975, WPHL-TV moved from its original studio facility at 1230 East Mermaid Lane in the suburb of Wyndmoor, which had been the station's base since its 1960 debut, to its current studio on Wynnefield Avenue in the Wynnefield suburb of West Philadelphia. The building had once been the location of an A&P supermarket. The station offered a schedule of off-network drama series, sitcoms, old movies, sports and religious programs. It also ran NBC and ABC programs that KYW-TV (channel 3, now a CBS owned-and-operated station) and WPVI-TV (channel 6) had respectively preempted until the fall of 1976, and again from the fall of 1977 to the summer of 1983. The Providence Journal Company bought channel 17 in 1979. At that point, WPHL sought a different programming strategy geared towards adults, gradually dropping children's programming and cartoons. It focused more on movies, off-network drama series, recent off-network sitcoms and sports. The station also aired several hours of religious programming each day.

Throughout the late 1970s and 1980s, WPHL was known on-air as "The Great Entertainer," with voiceovers provided by announcer Sid Doherty. The station positioned itself as an alternative to both WTAF and WKBS, as it programmed more towards adults with movies and other syndicated programs, while its competitors were heavy on sitcoms and children's cartoons. WPHL was also a station heavy on local sports, as it aired games featuring Major League Baseball's Philadelphia Phillies until 1982, the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers from 1982 to 1995 and the NHL's Philadelphia Flyers in the 1990s.

From October 1981 to August 1987, the WPHL studios hosted a weekday afternoon dance show called Dancin' On Air, hosted by Eddie Bruce, as well as a spin-off on the USA Network called Dance Party USA, whose host, Dave Raymond, was better known as the Phillie Phanatic mascot seen during Phillies games. Those shows marked the on-air debut of a young girl from nearby Voorhees, New Jersey named Kelly Ripa.

In the summer of 1982, WKBS went on the market after its owner, Field Communications, decided to exit broadcasting. The Providence Journal Company was among those who were bidding for channel 48's license. Had it won, Journal would have merged WPHL's and WKBS' schedules under the WKBS license and channel allocation, while selling the channel 17 license to either a religious or educational broadcaster. However, the Journal Company's bid was still far below Field's asking price. With no takers willing to give Field what it wanted for the station, WKBS-TV ceased operations one year later on August 29, 1983, and WPHL picked up various syndicated programs, cartoons, movies and production equipment from WKBS.

In 1987, the Providence Journal Company sold WPHL-TV to a consortium headed by Dudley S. Taft, a third-generation broadcaster from Cincinnati. Dudley Taft had left his family's namesake company following a corporate restructuring which resulted in the firm changing its name to Great American Broadcasting. He also brought along key personnel from Taft's former Philadelphia station, WTAF-TV (which Taft had sold to TVX Broadcast Group in early 1987), including general manager Randy Smith. The new ownership scrapped the "Great Entertainer" slogan and related logo for a new identity as "PHL 17", in an apparent attempt to counter WGBS-TV's (channel 57, now WPSG) "Philly 57" branding. The new owners restored some cartoons to the schedule. In 1991, the Taft group sold channel 17 to the Tribune Company.

The WB affiliation
On November 2, 1993, Tribune and the Warner Bros. Television division of Time Warner announced the formation of The WB Television Network. Due to the company's minority interest in the network (initially 12.5%, before expanding to 22%), Tribune chose to affiliate the majority of its independent stations with the upstart network, resulting in WPHL-TV becoming a network affiliate for the first time in its history upon The WB's January 11, 1995, debut. In September of that year, the station changed its on-air identity to "WB 17". For most of The WB's run, WPHL was one of the network's strongest affiliates.

Switch to MyNetworkTV
On January 24, 2006, CBS Corporation (which split from Viacom in December 2005) and Time Warner's Warner Bros. Entertainment (the division that operated The WB) announced that they would dissolve UPN and The WB and merge both networks' stronger programming onto a newly created network, The CW. Concurrent with the announcement, it signed a ten-year affiliation agreement with 16 of Tribune's 19 WB-affiliated stations. However, in the case of Philadelphia, The CW's affiliation went to the city's UPN station, CBS-owned WPSG (which was part of an affiliation deal with 11 of CBS' UPN stations). It would not have been an upset had WPHL been chosen as the area's CW affiliate, however. The network's officials were on record as preferring The WB and UPN's "strongest" stations for their new network, and Philadelphia was one of the few markets where the affiliates of both networks were both relatively strong.

WPHL was slated to revert to its previous independent status, but on May 15, 2006, Tribune announced that it would affiliate channel 17 (and two other WB affiliates that were not included in the CW affiliation deal) with MyNetworkTV, making WPHL the largest station in terms of market size affiliated with the network that was not owned by its then-parent company News Corporation (which became 21st Century Fox in June 2013 after spinning off most of its non-entertainment properties). It is also the only major station in Philadelphia that is not owned by its respective network. In July, WPHL rebranded itself as "MyPHL17", reviving the station's former "PHL 17" moniker. WPHL began airing MyNetworkTV programming on the day that the new service was launched, September 5, 2006. As a result, it did not air the final two weeks of The WB's programming.

On October 4, 2010, the station removed the "My" portion of the branding as many affiliates of the network began dropping references to MyNetworkTV due to it becoming more of a prime time programming service than a true television network. WPHL retains the multi-shaded 'blue TV' component of the network's logo as part of the station's own logo. Before the move of the broadcast rights of the Phillies in 2014 to WCAU-TV, another version of the logo was used where the "p" in "phl" was replaced with the hat insignia "P" from the logo of the Philadelphia Phillies. In addition, the Antenna TV subchannel the station carries is branded with a modified version of their 1970s/80s "Great Entertainer" logo; many other Antenna TV stations do this as well.

Aborted sale to Sinclair; sale to Nexstar

Sinclair Broadcast Group entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media on May 8, 2017, for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in Tribune debt. The deal received significant scrutiny over Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties, prompting the FCC to designate it for hearing and leading Tribune to terminate the deal and sue Sinclair for breach of contract.

Following the Sinclair deal's collapse, Nexstar Media Group of Irving, Texas, announced its purchase of Tribune Media on December 3, 2018, for $6.4 billion in cash and debt. The sale was completed on September 19, 2019.

Switch to The CW
In May 2023, CBS News and Stations announced that its CW affiliates, including Philadelphia station WPSG, would cease their affiliation with the network in September 2023 and become independent stations. A month later, Nexstar Media Group announced that WPHL would take over the CW affiliation for the Philadelphia market on September 1. The station continues airing MyNetworkTV programming on a digital subchannel as a secondary.

Local programming

Sports programming
Throughout the station's three of its first four decades on the air, WPHL had a tremendous professional sports presence—at various points holding the broadcast rights to the Phillies (1971–82 and 1993–98, and through the production of Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia–now NBC Sports Philadelphia–from 2009 to 2013; , WPHL airs overflow Phillies games when both NBC Sports Philadelphia and primary overflow outlet NBC Sports Philadelphia+ are carrying other games and present over-the-air carrier WCAU is preoccupied by NBC network commitments), the Flyers (1991–98) and the 76ers (1982–95), as well as covering local college basketball and football, with games featuring teams from the Philadelphia Big 5 (La Salle Explorers, Penn Quakers, Saint Joseph's Hawks, Temple Owls and Villanova Wildcats). After the station joined The WB, it released many of its sports contracts in order to concentrate on its network programming obligations.

The station aired syndicated college football and basketball games from the syndication arm of ESPN involving the Mid-American Conference (football, owing to Temple being a football-only member of the league) and Big East Conference (basketball) until 2009, when WPVI took over rights. WPHL also aired Big Ten Conference games (owing to Penn State's large fan base in the area) until the creation of the Big Ten Network on cable in 2007.

WPHL has aired preseason games of the NFL's Philadelphia Eagles. Also, it usually wins the rights to air one or two regular season Eagles games on Monday or Thursday nights due to the NFL's anti-siphoning rule requiring games airing on cable to be available on an over-the-air station in each team's home market; by rule, the NFL sells syndication rights of local teams' games. The station's news partner, WPVI-TV, has the right of first refusal on Monday night games due to its parent company (Disney) being majority owner in ESPN, but generally defers to standard ABC programming.

From 2018 season until the 2022 season, WPHL and WPVI shared local broadcast rights to the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer, with WPVI producing the telecasts.  The contract ended when MLS terminated all regional television deals, replacing them with one single Apple TV+ contract.

As of the 2018–2019 season, WPHL covers the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League, carrying all home games and select away games.

Newscasts

In 1994, WPHL entered into an agreement with local daily newspaper The Philadelphia Inquirer to broadcast an Inquirer-branded prime time news program. The half-hour Inquirer News Tonight was a hybrid newscast that integrated the conventions of a typical television news program with contributions from the newspaper's personnel. However, the format failed to make any headway against WTXF's established prime time newscast; behind-the-scenes issues with Knight-Ridder (the Inquirers owner at that point), including newspaper staffers' wariness of being on TV and compensation and contract issues, as well as general mismanagement, doomed the program. Another blow occurred in October 1995 when weekend weatherman Bill Elias was fired following the revelation of his involvement with a local crime family (he had given mob boss John Stanta's bodyguards a videotape of a mob funeral in 1993, to pick targets from another crime family to kill); he had previously lost his job at WTXF over this. WPHL took full control of the newscast, changing to the WB 17 News at Ten in late 1996.

Even after WPHL took its newscast in-house, it still remained far behind WTXF in the ratings.  In the fall of 2005, WPHL announced that its news department would be shut down; the final 10 p.m. newscast produced by WPHL aired on December 9, 2005. The following day, production of the 10 p.m. newscast was turned over to NBC O&O WCAU through a news share agreement. This newscast was partially renamed to WB 17 News at 10, Powered by NBC 10. On July 25, 2006, the program was renamed My PHL 17 News, Powered by NBC 10 to correspond with WPHL's upcoming switch to MyNetworkTV. On December 10, 2008, WCAU began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, and the WPHL newscast was also included in the HD upgrade. The newscast was renamed once again on October 4, 2010, as phl17 News at 10, Powered by NBC 10.

On October 31, 2011, WPHL began airing Eye Opener, a morning news program concept by Tribune Broadcasting that originally debuted in May 2011 on Houston sister station KIAH, featuring a mix of news, lifestyle, entertainment and opinion segments. Local news, weather, and traffic segments are featured along with local reports presented by five multimedia journalists; however, much of EyeOpener (which was previously produced at Tribune Company's Chicago headquarters) is pre-produced at the studios of Dallas–Fort Worth sister station KDAF and is also distributed on Tribune-owned stations in three other markets that provide their own localized content.

The WCAU-produced 10 p.m. newscast ended on September 14, 2012, with WPHL entering into a new agreement with the ABC owned-and-operated station WPVI-TV to produce the new Action News at 10 on PHL17. The weekday editions of the newscast are currently anchored by Sharrie Williams and Gray Hall. Williams became the sole anchor of the broadcast on January 12, 2022, when her co-anchor of the 5 p.m. newscast on WPVI, Rick Williams (no relation), was promoted to anchor of the 11 p.m. newscast replacing long-time anchor Jim Gardner. Gardner stepped down from the broadcast after 45 years to begin a semi-retirement in which he would only anchor the 6 p.m. newscast until fully retiring from WPVI on December 21 after anchoring his final 6 p.m. newscast and handing it off to his successor Brian Taff, who started the next evening. Hall was the weekend morning anchor on WPVI until March 2022 when he was chosen to become Sharrie Williams' co-anchor for the 10 p.m. newscast exclusively. The weekend editions use the same staff (anchor Walter Perez, sports anchor Jamie Apody and meteorologist Brittany Boyer) as WPVI's weekend evening newscasts. It is the third ABC owned-and-operated station to be involved in a news share agreement, following KGO-TV in San Francisco (which produces independent station KOFY-TV's 9 p.m. newscast) and WTVD in Durham (which produced CW affiliate WLFL's 10 p.m. newscast until June 27, 2022) and was later joined in 2014 by KABC-TV in Los Angeles (which produces independent station KDOC-TV's 7 p.m. newscast). On September 8, 2014, the newscast was expanded to an hour, making it only the second hour-long 10 p.m. newscast in Philadelphia other than that of competitor WTXF. Competitor station WPSG also had an hour-long newscast, CBS News Philadelphia NOW on The CW Philly from July 2022 until August 2023, however it was a hybrid local/national news program and not fully produced locally like Action News at 10 on PHL17.

On March 9, 2015, WPHL launched a half hour 5:30 a.m. newscast produced independently called The PHL17 Morning News. It is the first in-house newscast since the closure of their former news department at the end of 2005. The station's news studio was rebuilt, and the tri-caster formerly used was replaced with switchers, along with other equipment. The team then started producing independent news reports for the Delaware Valley.

On October 22, 2018, PHL17 Morning News expanded to a three-hour newscast from 5 to 8 a.m., when Eye Opener, which had changed its name to Morning Dose, was canceled. In September 2019, PHL17 Morning News expanded again by an additional hour to run from 5 to 9 a.m.

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

WPHL-TV's broadcasts became digital only, effective June 12, 2009.

Out-of-market coverage
In Pennsylvania, WPHL was carried on Comcast cable systems in Harrisburg, York and Lancaster; however, it was not available in high definition. It was available on South Central Pennsylvania cable systems for four decades; indeed, for most of The WB's run, it was that market's default WB affiliate (the network's programming aired in off-hours on local station WPMT). On June 26, 2019, it was discontinued on those Comcast systems. It is also carried in Milford, Pike County (which is part of the New York City television market). In Maryland, WPHL is carried on cable in Cecil County.

In New Jersey, WPHL is carried in parts of Hunterdon, Middlesex, Monmouth, Somerset and Warren counties. It is available on Cablevision's analog service on its systems in Ocean and Monmouth counties. On Comcast in Ocean and southern Middlesex counties, WPHL was available in standard definition on digital cable 255. Comcast had carried the station on analog channel 17 until February 2008, when it was moved to digital only to "preserve bandwidth".  Comcast added WPHL's HD signal to its lineups in Ocean and Southern Middlesex counties, the borough of Roosevelt in Monmouth County and Lambertville in Hunterdon County on August 22, 2012, on digital channel 907. The station was removed from Comcast's Central New Jersey systems altogether on June 26, 2019, due to Fox invoking exclusivity, only allowing MyNetworkTV O&O WWOR-TV to be carried on those systems. WPHL's Antenna TV, This TV (both were already carried as subchannels of WPIX) and Tango Traffic (now GeoTraffic) subchannels were added to the provider's Southern Middlesex County system on November 27, 2012 (found with a rescan of a digital tuner) but have not been mapped into the Comcast digital boxes or DTAs. There is no satellite coverage of WPHL outside of the Philadelphia market.

During the 1970s and 1980s, WPHL was a regional superstation available in New York City and portions of Long Island, as well as the large majority of New Jersey. In New Jersey, WPHL was carried on alongside competitors WTAF, and until it shut down in 1983, WKBS. The station was also carried on Comcast on the former Adelphia system in the suburbs of Scranton until replaced with a local affiliate.

References

External links

Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia

PHL-TV
Nexstar Media Group
The CW affiliates
MyNetworkTV affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1960
1960 establishments in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Union broadcasters
Major League Soccer over-the-air television broadcasters

WPHL-TV


Frank Alesci (born December 12, 1986 in Ridgewood, New York) is an American soccer player currently playing for Jersey Express S.C. in the USL Premier Development League.

Career

College and amateur
Alesci attended La Salle Academy, and was standout player for two noted club teams, B.W. Gottschee and Red Storm, before going on to play three years of college soccer at Long Island University. He was an All-Northeast Conference First Team selection as a rookie in 2007, the only freshman to be honored on NEC First Team that year, but was forced to sit out his sophomore season after tearing his anterior cruciate ligament.

He transferred to Queens College, City University of New York prior to his junior year in 2009 and played two more seasons there, finishing second on the team in goals as a senior.

During his college years Alesci also played extensively in the USL Premier Development League, two seasons with Bakersfield Brigade, two seasons with the Brooklyn Knights and one year with Newark Ironbound Express. He was named to the Premier Development League's all-league team in 2010 while playing for Newark.

Professional
Undrafted out of college, Alesci turned professional on March 7, 2011 when he signed with USL Professional Division club Rochester Rhinos. He made his professional debut on May 20, 2011, as a second-half substitute in a 0-0 tie with Orlando City, and scored his first professional goal on May 30 in a 2-1 loss to F.C. New York.

References

External links
 Rochester Rhinos profile
 Long Island bio
 Infosport profile

1986 births
Living people
Bakersfield Brigade players
Brooklyn Knights players
Jersey Express S.C. players
Rochester New York FC players
USL League Two players
USL Championship players
Soccer players from Queens, New York
Men's association football midfielders
American men's soccer players

Frank Alesci


Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Hakim (Persian: میرزا محمد حکیم) (29 April 1553 – 10 October 1585), sometimes known simply as Mirza Hakim, was the third son of the Mughal emperor Humayun. He ruled Kabul in Afghanistan, and often conflicted with his elder brother, Emperor Akbar. Mirza Hakim  later on mended ways with Emperor Akbar. He is the son of Mah Chuchak Begum. He is known for writing Tajdar-e-Haram ().

Invasion of Afghanistan

Per Tabakat-i-Akbari of Nizamuddin Ahmad, Mughal Emperor Akbar had dispatched Hakim, who was a staunch adherent of the missionary-minded Naqshbandi Sufi order, against the infidels of Katwar in 1582. Hakim was a semi-independent governor of Kabul. The Sifat-nama-yi Darviš Muhammad Hān-i Ğāzī of Kadi Muhammad Salim who accompanied the expedition mentions its details. The Sifat-nama gives Muhammad Hakim the epithet of Darviš Khan Gazi.

Muhammad Darvish's religious crusade fought its way from Laghman to Alishang, and is stated to have conquered and converted 66 valleys to Islam. After conquering Tajau and Nijrau valleys in Panjshir area, the crusaders established a fort at Islamabad at confluence of Alishang and Alingar rivers. They continued the raid up to Alishang and made their last effort against the non-Muslims of Alingar, fighting up to Mangu, the modern border between Pashai and Ashkun-speaking areas.

Rebellion

Akhlaq-i-Hakimi written by his secretary confirmed the commitment of Kabul's kingdom to the supremacy of Islam and Muslims, unlike the court of Akbar which inched towards tolerating difference and protection of people of all faiths. He also swore fealty to Babur while Akbar had embraced Humayun. By presenting himself as a contrast to Akbar, he became a focus of anti-Akbar rebels who requested him to invade and dethrone Akbar in 1566 and 1581. His invasion however met with little success as only a few north Indians supported him.

Hakim made a plea to Akbar's Central Asian officers to not help him occupy Kabul and instead attack the Indians in the Mughal army. His efforts however failed and Kabul was occupied. Hakim was defeated in 1582 and his prime minister Khwaja Hasan Naqshbandi was exiled by Akbar. After his death in 1585 due to alcohol poisoning, Akbar had his sons expelled to India and ended his princely appanage.

References

1553 births
1585 deaths
Mughal princes
Akbar

Mirza Muhammad Hakim


Donna Axum (January 3, 1942 – November 4, 2018) was an American beauty pageant winner, author, television executive producer, philanthropist and model. She was crowned Miss America in 1964. One month earlier she had been crowned Miss Arkansas.

After her Miss America win, Axum taught classes at Texas Tech University and worked in television such as starring on The Noon Show and Good Morning Arkansas. Aside from Miss America, Axum was an active civic leader as she served on the National Committee for the Performing Arts of the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. after being nominated by President Bill Clinton, the Fort Worth Symphony, the Van Cliburn Foundation and Texas Christian University College of Fine Arts Board of Visitors.

Early life
Axum was born in El Dorado, Arkansas to Hurley B. Axum, a banker, and Idelle Axum (). She had French, Dutch and Irish ancestors. Axum has a sister, Mona. In 1959, Axum graduated from El Dorado High School.

Education
Axum's Miss America scholarship was used to complete her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees at the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in speech/drama, television and film. While there, she was a member of the Delta Iota chapter of Delta Delta Delta.

Career

Early pageants
In 1958, during Axum's high school senior year, she won the beauty pageant title for Miss Union County. She secured titles as the 1960 Arkansas Miss Hospitality, 1961 Arkansas Forest Queen, and the 1962 National Cotton Picking Queen.

Miss Arkansas
Before 1963, Axum first competed for Miss Arkansas before 1963, but was unsuccessful.

In 1963, before her final year at the University of Arkansas, Axum became a contestant again and won the 1963 beauty pageant title as Miss Arkansas.

Miss America 1964
Axum won the Miss America 1964 pageant about a month later. Axum become the first of only three Arkansans to win the title. The other two are Elizabeth Ward (1981) and Savvy Shields (2016). Axum traveled over 250,000 miles (400,000 km) representing the state and nation as Miss America at events.

Communications and entertainment
Axum held many titles after serving as Miss America: university instructor, author, television executive producer, TV hostess, professional speaker and civic leader. In 1988, Axum was named a Distinguished Alumnus of the University of Arkansas and served on its National Development Council. She also served on the steering committee of a seven-year capital campaign that raised more than $1.046 billion for the university.

Axum taught speech classes at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, and later worked in television, starring in programs like The Noon Show and Good Morning Arkansas.

Axum was nominated by President Bill Clinton to be a member of the boards of the National Committee for the Performing Arts of the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. She also served at the Fort Worth Symphony, the Van Cliburn Foundation, named for the famed pianist  from Shreveport, Louisiana, and the Texas Christian University College of Fine Arts Board of Visitors.

Axum remained active at the University of Arkansas, participating in campaigns to help most of the university's fundraising efforts until her death in 2018.

Personal life
Axum first married Michael Alan Buckley and had one child, Lisa. They later divorced.

In 1969, Axum married Gus Franklin Mutscher, who served as Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from 1969 to 1972 and later as the Washington County judge. The pair divorced in 1972. They had a son, Gus H. Mutscher.

On March 1, 1984, Axum married J. Bryan Whitworth, executive vice president of ConocoPhillips. The Whitworths lived in Fort Worth, Texas. Bryan Whitworth had three children, Elizabeth, Suzanne, and Cathy.

As an author Axum penned How to Be and Look Your Best Everyday: A Comprehensive Guide from a Former Miss America in 1978.

Axum died on November 4, 2018, at age 76 in Fort Worth from complications of Parkinson's disease.

Axum is buried at Fairview Memorial Gardens in Fayetteville, Arkansas.

See also
List of Miss America titleholders

References

External links

 Delta Delta Delta Distinguished Alumnae profile
 video with transcript

1942 births
2018 deaths
Baptists from Texas
Miss America 1960s delegates
Miss America Preliminary Swimsuit winners
Miss America winners
People from El Dorado, Arkansas
People from Fort Worth, Texas
People from Washington County, Texas
University of Arkansas alumni
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Neurological disease deaths in Texas
Texas Tech University faculty
Baptists from Arkansas
20th-century Baptists
20th-century American women writers

Donna Axum


Artemisia californica, also known as California sagebrush, is a species of western North American shrub in the sunflower family.

In the western United States, California sagebrush is grown in native plant gardens and as a drought-resistant landscaping choice. In addition to its drought resistance and capacity to draw pollinators like bees and butterflies, its lovely, silvery foliage is prized by gardeners and horticulturists.

Description
Artemisia californica branches from the base and grows out from there, becoming rounded; it grows  tall. The stems of the plant are slender, flexible, and glabrous (hairless) or canescent (fuzzy). The leaves range from  long and are pinnately divided with 2–4 threadlike lobes less than 5 cm long. Their leaves are hairy and light green to gray in color; the margins of the leaves curl under.

The inflorescences are leafy, narrow, and sparse. The capitula are less than  in diameter. The pistillate flowers range in number from 6 to 10 and the disk flowers range from 15 to 30; they are generally yellowish, but sometimes red.

Artemisia species are sunflower (Asteraceae) family members, however unlike many other members of the family, they often produce small, unnoticeable blooms.  Their attractive silvery leaf, which is often fragrant when crushed, is their strongest feature in the garden.  The often pleasing perfume of the stems and leaves is caused by essential oils, which also deters animal and insect pests.  They are an essential source of food for local wildlife because they flower late in the season.  The genus Artemisia is widespread in the Old and New Worlds, and many species have been utilized for hundreds of years in Europe, Asia, and the Americas in horticulture, cooking, and medicine.

California sagebrush is sometimes confused for a true sage (Salvia) due to its common name and leaves that smells like sage.  It is a crucial part of the community of coastal sage scrub habitat and is frequently widely utilized in restoration initiatives.  When planted in full sun, it can reach heights and widths of roughly 4' and 4'.  Once established, it may survive without additional water, but will appear happier when watered occasionally in the deep summer.  Sagebrush's beautifully split gray leaves contrast nicely with the garden's lush green vegetation.

The fruits produced are resinous achenes up to 1.5 mm long. There is a pappus present that forms a minute crown on the achene body.

The plant contains terpenes which make it quite aromatic. Many people regard the species as having a pleasant smell.

Distribution and habitat

The shrub is native to western California and northwestern Baja California. It is endemic to the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion, in coastal sage scrub, coastal strand, chaparral, and dry foothill communities. It is found from sea level to  in elevation. This species is also found on many islands adjacent to the Baja California peninsula, including the Coronado Islands and Cedros Island. It is even found on Guadalupe Island, in the Pacific Ocean.

The prototypical plant association of A. californica is chaparral, notably in the California Coast Ranges; toyon and sage are also key components of communities which are transitional between chaparral and coastal sage scrub.  It is often claimed to be allelopathic, secreting chemicals into the ground which inhibit other plants from growing near and around the shrub.

Cultivation

This shrub is cultivated as an ornamental plant in native plant and wildlife gardens, natural landscaping design, and for restoration of disturbed sites and degraded coastal sage scrub. There are several lower height cultivars in the horticulture trade, for drought-tolerant groundcover use.

It thrives in full sun, preferring to grow on west or north-facing slopes. It needs little water and prefers no water in the summer months; it does not seem that soil types affect plant growth much.  This plant relies on wildfire for seed germination and burned plants can crown-sprout and keep growing.

Animals rarely eat Artemisia californica, probably due to the presence of bitter aromatic terpenes, but it does provide good cover for smaller birds and other animals that can fit between its stems. It is an important habitat plant for the endangered California gnatcatcher.

Uses
A. californica is a sagebrush, not a true sage, making it of little culinary interest.

Medicinal
The Cahuilla natives employed the plant as a treatment to fight coughs and colds. They chewed the leaves, either dried or fresh. It was used by women of the Cahuilla and Tongva to alleviate menstrual cramps and to ease labor. The plant stimulates the uterine mucosa, which quickened childbirth. It was also made into a decoction, and if taken regularly prior to menstruation, it relieved menstrual cramps and menopause. The Ohlone used it as a pain remover by applying the leaves to wounds or teeth. It was also made into a tea bath to cure colds, coughs, and rheumatism. It was used as a poultice for asthma as well. Its aromatic qualities also made it valuable for incense and perfumes. Today, it continues to be used in native landscaping, providing not only aesthetic appeal but also a link to indigenous traditions.

A. californica is used to make a liniment that is a powerful pain reliever. The monoterpenoids in the plant interact with transient receptor potential cation channels to relieve pain. The plant also contains sesquiterpenes that may be involved in pain relief. The liniment is more powerful than opioid drugs and is much safer. A small amount of the liniment is applied where it is needed. Within 20 minutes, the pain subsides, even pain from broken bones, arthritis, sprains and strains.

Conservation Issues & Efforts
There are various conservation issues with California sagebrush. Threats to its natural habitat include exotic species, habitat fragmentation, and urban development. In recognition of the significance of Artemisia californica in preserving biodiversity, efforts are being made to conserve and restore the coastal sage scrub environment.

Numerous conservation initiatives have been started as a result of the California sagebrush's significance in coastal habitats. Projects aiming at preserving habitat and restoring the coastal sage scrub ecosystem are among them. These conservation activities must include invasive species management tactics, awareness-raising campaigns, and community involvement.

See also
List of California native plants

References

External links

Calflora Database: Artemisia californica  (California sagebrush,  Coast sagebrush)
Jepson Manual eFlora (TJM2) treatment of Artemisia californica
USDA Plants Profile for Artemisia californica (coastal sagebrush)
UC Photos gallery: Artemisia californica

californica
Flora of California
Flora of Baja California
Flora of Mexican Pacific Islands
Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
Plants described in 1831
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
Garden plants of North America
Drought-tolerant plants
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Artemisia californica


Allyson Michelle Felix  (born November 18, 1985) is a retired American track and field athlete who competed in the 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters. She specialized in the 200 meters from 2003 to 2013, then gradually shifted to the 400 meters later in her career. At 200 meters, Felix is the 2012 Olympic champion, a three-time world champion (2005–2009), a two-time Olympic silver medalist (2004 and 2008), and the 2011 world bronze medalist. At 400 meters, she is the 2015 world champion, 2011 world silver medalist, 2016 Olympic silver medalist, 2017 world bronze medalist, and 2020 Olympic bronze medalist. Across the short distances, Felix is a ten-time U.S. national champion (2004, 2005, 2007–2012, 2015 and 2016).

Felix played a key role on the United States women's relay teams, winning six additional Olympic gold medals: four consecutive medals at 4 × 400 meters (2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020) and two at 4 × 100 meters (2012 and 2016). The 2012 and 2016 U.S. Olympic 4 × 100 m teams set a world record of 40.82 s and the second fastest time of 41.01 s, respectively. With these six golds from relays and one from an individual event, Felix became the first female track and field athlete to ever win seven Olympic gold medals. She is also the most decorated woman in Olympic track and field history and the most decorated American track and field athlete in Olympic history, having earned 11 total medals from five consecutive Olympic Games. Felix is the most decorated athlete, male or female, in World Athletics Championships history with 20 career medals, 7 from individual events and 13 from team relays. With a combined Olympic and World Championship total of 31 medals, she is also the overall most decorated athlete in track and field history, with 12 medals from individual events and 19 from relays. Felix was the first athlete in track and field history to medal in 3 different relays, 4 × 100 m, 4 × 400 m and mixed 4 × 400 m.

Among Felix's notable performances, her 200 meters personal best of 21.69 seconds, which was set at the 2012 U.S. Olympic trials, ranked at the time as the third-fastest time ever run by an American woman and sixth-fastest time by a female athlete in history. She also ran a 47.72-second leg on the U.S. women's 4 × 400 m relay team at the 2015 Beijing World Championships, recording the fastest split ever by an American woman, and third-fastest split ever by a female athlete.

Felix, along with Alysia Montaño and Kara Goucher, is credited with stirring public outcry over Nike's refusal to guarantee salary protections for its pregnant athletes, prompting the sportswear brand to expand its maternity policy in 2019. Two years after her departure from Nike, the athlete turned entrepreneur launched her own footwear company, Saysh, in June 2021.

She was included in Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2020 and 2021. In 2022, Felix received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from her alma mater USC and also served as the commencement speaker for that year's graduation ceremony.

Early life
Allyson Felix was born on November 18, 1985, in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Paul, an ordained minister and professor of New Testament at The Master's Seminary in Sun Valley, California, and Marlean, an elementary school teacher at Balboa Magnet Elementary. Her elder brother Wes Felix was also a sprinter, winning the 2002 USA Junior Championships in the 200 meters race and later, the Pac-10 championships in 2003 and 2004 as a collegiate athlete for USC. Wes now acts as the agent for his sister. Felix describes her running ability as a gift from God: "For me, my faith is the reason I run. I definitely feel I have this amazing gift that God has blessed me with, and it's all about using it to the best of my ability."

Junior career
Allyson Felix attended Los Angeles Baptist High School in North Hills, California, where she was nicknamed "Chicken Legs" by her teammates, because the five-foot-six, 125-pound sprinter's body had skinny legs despite her strength. Her slightness belied her speed on the track and strength in the gym, as she could deadlift at least 270 pounds while still in high school. Felix credits much of her early success to her high school sprint coach, Jonathan Patton.

Felix began to discover her athletic talents after she tried out for track in the ninth grade. Just ten weeks after that first tryout, she finished seventh in the 200 meters at the CIF California State Meet. In the coming seasons, she became a five-time winner at the meet. In 2001, at the Debrecan World Youth Championships, Felix achieved her first international title in the 100 meters. In 2003, she was named the national girls' "High School Athlete of the Year" by Track and Field News. As a senior, Felix finished second in the 200 meters at the US Indoor Track & Field Championships. A few months later, in front of 50,000 fans in Mexico City, she ran 22.11 seconds, the fastest in history for a high school girl, though it could not count as a world junior record because there was no drug testing at the meet.

Felix graduated high school in 2003, making headlines by forgoing college eligibility to sign a professional contract with Adidas via her agent Nik Visger. Adidas paid her an undisclosed sum and picked up her college tuition at the University of Southern California. She graduated with a degree in elementary education.

Professional

Early career

At the 2003 U.S. national championships, the seventeen-year-old phenomenon finished second in the 200 meters sprint with a time of 22.59 seconds, earning her spot to the 2003 Paris World Championships. In the quarter-finals of the 200 meters in Paris, Felix finished sixth in 23.33 seconds.

At the age of 18, Felix earned an Olympic silver medal in the 200 meters at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, behind Veronica Campbell of Jamaica; in doing so, she set a world junior record over 200 meters with her time of 22.18 seconds. After leaving Athens, Felix and her coach Pat Connolly, who also guided the 1984 Olympic 100 meters champion Evelyn Ashford, parted ways as Connolly moved back to Virginia and Felix cited difficulties training alone. The young sprinter then sought the tutelage of controversial sprint coach Bob Kersee, whom she would train under for the next 18 years.

Nineteen-year-old Felix became the youngest world champion ever in the 200 meters at the 2005 Helsinki World Championships and then successfully defended her world title in Osaka two years later. At the 2007 Osaka World Championships, Felix caught Jamaican rival, Veronica Campbell, on the bend and surged down the straightaway to finish in 21.81 seconds, dipping under the 22-second barrier for the first time in her career. After the final, Felix stated in the post-race interview: "I feel so good. I am so excited. I have been waiting for so long to run such a time, to run under 22 seconds. It has not been an easy road, but finally, I managed." At that time, she addressed her future, saying, "My next goal is not the world record, but gold in Beijing. I want to take it step-by-step. I might consider doing both – the 200 and the 400 meters – there." Days later, after partaking in the winning U.S. 4 × 100 meters relay and also the 4 × 400 meters relay, in which she unofficially split 48.01 seconds on the second leg,  Felix became only the second female athlete, after Marita Koch in 1983, to win three gold medals at a single IAAF World Championships in Athletics.

2008–09
Felix qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics at the 2008 Olympic trials by winning the 200 meters sprint in 21.82 seconds, but narrowly missed qualifying for the 100 meters sprint. In the Olympic 200 meter final, despite running her season's best time in the 200 meters at 21.93 seconds, she again finished second to Campbell, who ran 21.74 seconds, the best time of the decade, to win the gold medal. Felix avenged her disappointing loss by regaining the lead for the U.S. women's 4 × 400 meters relay team during her 48.55-second leg, allowing Team USA to eventually win and earning her first Olympic gold medal.

In the build-up to the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, Felix was part of a U.S. 4 × 100 meters relay team that ran the fastest women's sprint relay in twelve years. Lauryn Williams, Felix, Muna Lee and Carmelita Jeter finished with a time of 41.58 seconds, bringing them to eighth on the all-time list. In 2009, at merely 23 years old, Felix proceeded to claim her third 200-meter world championship gold medal, an unprecedented accomplishment in women's sprinting. Felix clocked 22.02 sec to comfortably beat Jamaica's Olympic 200-meter champion Veronica Campbell-Brown.

Afterwards she said, "It's really special to win a third world title. I wanted to do it in this stadium, represent my country and make Jesse Owens proud." But Felix admitted that she would rather have the one gold medal that she was missing. "I would love to trade my three world championships for your gold," Felix jokingly said to Veronica Campbell-Brown of Jamaica at the medalists' news conference, referring to the 2008 Olympic gold medal in the 200 meters, a race Felix was heavily favored to win. Still distressed over finishing second to Campbell-Brown in Beijing, Felix stated: "I don't think I ever want to get over it. I never want to be satisfied with losing." At the same time, she also commented, "I'm just grateful to have had success quickly, and sometimes I do have to pinch myself and realize all this has happened in not that much time." Felix later claimed another gold medal by running a 48.75-second leg on Team USA's victorious 4 × 400 meters relay team.

2010–11
In 2010, Felix focused on running more 400-meter races. Running the 200 meters and the 400 meters, she became the first person ever to win two IAAF Diamond League trophies in the same year. She continued her dominance by winning 21 out of 22 races, only losing to Veronica Campbell-Brown in New York. Felix also became the U.S. 100 meters champion by winning the sprint in 11.27 seconds against a strong −2.5 m/s headwind.

At the 2011 World Championships in Athletics, Felix ran in the 200 and 400 meters, as well as the 4 × 100 and 4 × 400 meters relay races. In the 400-meter event, Felix's best efforts yielded only a second-place finish despite straining down the homestretch to a personal best of 49.59 seconds, 0.03 behind winner Amantle Montsho of Botswana. Montsho later tested positive for the banned stimulant methylhexaneamine in 2014. In the 200-meter final, Felix finished third in a subpar time of 22.42 seconds due to fatigue. Veronica Campbell-Brown won the gold and Carmelita Jeter won silver. In the relay events, Felix ran the second leg in both the 4 × 100 meters and 4 × 400 meters. Team USA won both events, attaining world-leading times in both finals as Felix added two world championship gold medals to her collection. The 25-year-old American sprinter was the only athlete to leave Daegu with four medals.

2012–13
In 2012, Felix returned to the Olympic trials, choosing to race the 100 meters in addition to her main event, the 200 meters. The top three finishers in each event qualify for the 2012 Summer Olympics team.  In the 100 meters final, she ran 11.07 seconds, placing third, but not without controversy. Officials ruled that training partners Felix and Jeneba Tarmoh were in a dead heat for third place, the final qualification position, after initially declaring Tarmoh ahead. A run-off between Tarmoh and Felix was scheduled, but Tarmoh eventually withdrew due to emotional and physical fatigue, conceding the final 100-meter spot to Felix. In the 200 meters final at the 2012 Olympic trials, Felix recorded a personal best and a meet record of 21.69 seconds, the third-fastest time an American woman had ever run and the fourth-fastest ever clocked by a female athlete, up until that point. Carmelita Jeter and Sanya Richards-Ross placed second and third, respectively.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Felix competed in four events: 100 meters, 200 meters, 4 × 100 meters relay, and 4 × 400 meters relay, placing fifth in the 100 meters and winning gold in the other three, thus becoming the first American woman to win three golds in athletics at an Olympics since Florence Griffith-Joyner at the 1988 Summer Olympics. In her first final, the 100 meters final, she placed fifth with a personal best of 10.89 seconds. The 200 meters final, a race she lost twice at the 2004 and 2008 Summer Olympics to Jamaican rival, Veronica Campbell-Brown, proved to be her successful third attempt as she won in 21.88 seconds, outracing a stacked field that included Campbell-Brown, 2012 Olympic 100 meters champion Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, 2012 Olympic 100 meters silver medalist Carmelita Jeter, and 2012 Olympic 400 meters champion Sanya Richards-Ross. Felix pushed out of the blocks with a strong start and was on par with the Jamaican athletes coming off of the curve before pulling away in the final 50 meters to clinch her long-awaited individual Olympic gold medal. Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce won silver and American compatriot Carmelita Jeter took the bronze medal.

Felix took to the track again as part of the women's 4 × 100 meters relay team alongside Tianna Madison, Bianca Knight, and Carmelita Jeter. The foursome won with a time of 40.82 seconds, breaking the long-held world record of 41.37 seconds, set by East Germany in October 1985. On the final night of Olympic athletics, Felix ran a 48.2-second leg on the U.S. women's 4 × 400 meters relay team that included DeeDee Trotter, Francena McCorory, and Sanya Richards-Ross, winning in a time of 3:16.87, the third-fastest time in Olympic history behind the Soviet Union and the United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics, and the fifth-fastest time overall, up until that point.

In the 2013 World Championships in Moscow, Felix entered in the 200 meters and was expected to also appear in the relays, but succumbed to a hamstring injury in the 200 meters final and was carried off the track by her brother. The race was won by Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce.

2014–15
After a nine-month layoff due to a hamstring injury, Felix resumed competition in the 400 meters at the Shanghai Diamond League meet in May 2014, in which she finished fifth with a time of 50.81 seconds. She later competed in the 200 meters at the Prefontaine Classic meet, finishing third with a season's best of 22.44 seconds.

As the winner of the 2014 IAAF Diamond League 200-meter title, Felix received a bye into the 2015 World Championships in Athletics. Obligated to participate in the 2015 USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships but not required to run the 200 meters, she opted for the 400 meters.  Felix won the event in 50.19 seconds with a late surge from fourth place at the 300-meter mark, catching Natasha Hastings right before the finish line to earn her ninth U.S. championship title. World number one ranked Francena McCorory and number two Sanya Richards-Ross failed to qualify for the 2015 Beijing World Championships.

The 2015 Beijing World Championships schedule placed the 400-meter final just over an hour after the 200-meter semi-finals, making it virtually impossible to perform to world championship level in both events. As of July 1, Felix held the fastest seed time in both the 400 (0.11 over the fastest competitor) and 200 (0.22 over the fastest competitor), leaving her with a difficult choice as to which event to put her full effort into. Felix eventually chose the 400 meters and later triumphed in the event final with a personal best of 49.26 seconds. She dominated the race from beginning to end, making up the stagger from the start of the gun and never relinquishing her lead to claim the 400 meters title. In doing so, Felix became the first woman to win world titles in the 200 meters and the 400 meters. Additionally, she has now won the most world championship gold medals, and most overall world championship medals, out of any American track and field athlete. She continued to  add to her medal collection by earning silver medals in both the 4 × 100 meters relay and 4 × 400 meters relay. In the latter race, Felix received the baton with a significant deficit to the leading Jamaican team, prompting her to sprint a historic split time of 47.72 seconds to regain the lead for the American women before the final handoff. This was the fastest 4 × 400 meters split ever recorded by an American woman and third-fastest 4 × 400 meters split ever by any female athlete, after Jarmila Kratochvílová and Marita Koch. Running the final leg, Francena McCorory failed to hold onto the lead and was overtaken by Novlene Williams-Mills in the final meters.

2016–17
Felix began her 2016 season with an uncharacteristically slow start after a gym accident in April, when she dropped from a pull-up bar and landed awkwardly, twisting her right ankle and tearing multiple ligaments. Felix was slated to run in a Diamond League meet in Doha as well as the Prefontaine Classic, but pulled out of both meets. In early June, she ran the 400 meters in 51.23 seconds at a low-key San Diego meet.

Still dealing with the physical repercussions from the accident, Felix raced the 200 meters and 400 meters anyway at the 2016 Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon, attempting to fulfill her goal of completing a 200–400 meters double victory at the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics. In the 400 meters trials final, she surged from the middle of the pack down the homestretch and overtook the field in the final meters, recording a world-leading time of 49.68 seconds. Then, in the 200 meters final, the lack of speed work due to injury eventually caught up with her as she was narrowly edged out by Jenna Prandini, who dove across the finish line to secure the third and final spot on the team, beating Felix by 0.01 seconds (22.53 to 22.54 seconds). Felix took the rest of July and early part of August off to give her ankle more time to heal while she continued preparations for the Olympics.

At the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics, Felix bumped her overall Olympic haul to nine overall medals: six golds and three silvers, tying Jamaican legend Merlene Ottey's record for the most Olympic medals won by a female track and field athlete, although most of Ottey's medal collection consists of individual medals. Felix's hope of winning the 400 meters Olympic gold medal came up short after she lost by 0.07 to Shaunae Miller of the Bahamas, who made a legal but unusual dive across the finish line as Felix was quickly closing the distance. Felix recovered from the disappointing performance to win two golds with the U.S. 4 × 100 meters and 4 × 400 meters relay teams. The 4 × 100 meters relay win drew much controversy, as Team USA was initially disqualified in their semi-final run after Felix had dropped the baton during the handoff attempt to English Gardner. However, replays showed that the Brazilian sprinter in the neighboring lane swung her arm and accidentally impeded Felix right before the handoff, causing her to lose her balance. After the appeal was accepted, Team USA was awarded a solo run the next day. With a successful time trial, Felix and her teammates advanced to the final, where they won in 41.01 seconds, the second-fastest 4 × 100 meters relay time in history.

The following year, during the 2017 World Championships in London, Felix added three more medals to her collection, cementing her position as the most decorated athlete in IAAF World Championships history. Felix equaled Merlene Ottey's and Usain Bolt's 14 medal tally by winning a bronze medal in the 400-meter final with a time of 50.08 seconds. She admitted that the result was disappointing, as she was hoping to defend her title in the discipline. Just a month prior to the championships, Felix had won the London's Diamond League meet held at the same track with a world-leading time of 49.65 seconds. Felix earned two additional gold medals by partaking in the 4 × 100 relay and also the 4 × 400 meters relay, in which she ran a 48.7-second leg, bringing her tally up to 16 world championship medals.

2018–19

Pregnancy emergency

Felix reduced her racing schedule in 2018, stating: "In the 19 years that I've been running track, I've never taken a break. Never had a year where I took it easy. Now that this is kind of a year without a championship, I've had to force myself to have a different approach because my goal is 2020. So, if you guys don't see me at as many of the races as I usually run, don't worry. I'm fine. I'm just challenging myself to be smarter." Later in December 2018, Felix revealed her difficult pregnancy story to espnW. During her 32nd-week pregnancy checkup, doctors discovered that Felix had developed pre-eclampsia, a condition that is disproportionately prevalent in African-American women and is marked by high blood pressure along with potentially harmful childbirth effects. With the baby's heart rate steadily decreasing, Felix had to deliver her premature daughter via emergency C-section within 48 hours. Motivated by her life-threatening experience, Felix testified before the United States House Committee on Ways and Means on the topic of the black maternal mortality crisis: "Research shows that racial bias in our maternal health care system includes things like providers spending less time with Black mothers, underestimating the pain of their Black patients, ignoring symptoms and dismissing complaints."

Nike controversy
The new mom furthered her maternal advocacy work in May 2019 by penning an op-ed for The New York Times, accusing her longtime sponsor Nike of refusing to guarantee salary protections for female athletes in the months following pregnancy. Her story underscored the earlier allegations made by her former Nike teammates Alysia Montaño and Kara Goucher regarding their pregnancy disputes with the sportswear company. In the article, Felix explained that after her contract ended in December 2017, she and Nike negotiated for a contract renewal. Planning to start a family in 2018, Felix asked Nike for written financial security, in case her performance yielded subpar results while recovering from childbirth; the negotiators declined after already offering a 70 percent pay cut in this contract proposal. Soon after, Felix left and signed a clothing sponsorship deal with the Gap Inc.–owned apparel company Athleta in July 2019, becoming their first sponsored athlete. Following the public controversy, Nike altered their maternal policy in August 2019, promising to not apply any performance-related salary reductions for 18 consecutive months, starting eight months before the due date. During this period, the sportswear company would also not float the possibility of termination if the athlete chooses to not race due to pregnancy.

Return to competition
In July 2019, Felix competed in her first race since giving birth in November 2018, finishing sixth in the 400-meter sprint at the U.S. national championships in Des Moines, Iowa. Although failing to qualify into the individual 400-meter event for the 2019 Doha World Championships, Felix's sixth-place finish still placed her in the U.S. 4 × 400 meters relay pool. In the first-ever mixed-gender 4 × 400 meters relay at the world championships, Felix competed with Michael Cherry, Wil London III, and Courtney Okolo to set a world record time of 3:09.34. Felix ran a 50.4-second split for her leg. She earned another gold medal as a runner in the preliminary heats for the U.S. women's 4 × 400 meters relay, although she was not selected to participate in the final. With her 12th and 13th world championship gold medals, Felix surpassed Usain Bolt for the most golds by any athlete in World Athletics Championships history.

2020–present
Felix trained during the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim of qualifying for her fifth Olympic Games – her first as a mom. She completed workouts on streets, empty soccer fields, and beaches when quarantine measures were first enacted in March 2020. A former participant in the US Anti-Doping Agency's "Project Believe" program in 2008, she volunteered again for "Project Believe 2020" to help test an unprecedented sample collection procedure for athletes during the coronavirus stay-at-home orders.

In June 2021, two years after she publicized her contract dispute with Nike, Felix launched her own footwear company, Saysh, and began wearing spikes created by the brand into competitions. Within the same month, at the U.S. Olympic trials, the 35-year-old American qualified for the 400 meters individual event by finishing second with a time of 50.02 seconds, a new masters athletics record (35–40 age group) and also her fastest time since July 2017.

Leading up to the 400 meters final of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, some doubted that the track veteran would stand on the podium again for her final individual Olympic event due to her age, U.S Olympics trials performance, and semi-final time. Every finalist in the 400 meters final ran sub-50 seconds in their semi-final, with Felix running the second-slowest qualifying time of 49.89 seconds. Despite the odds, Felix ran 49.46 seconds in the final to claim the bronze medal, her 10th overall Olympic medal. This accomplishment lowered her 400-meter masters athletics record, tied her with Carl Lewis as the most decorated American track and field Olympian, and broke her tie with Merlene Ottey as the most decorated female track and field Olympian. Felix concluded her Olympic career after winning gold in the women's 4 × 400 meters final, alongside a team that included Sydney McLaughlin, Dalilah Muhammad, and Athing Mu. This 11th Olympic medal broke Felix's tie with Carl Lewis and officially established her as the most decorated American track and field athlete in Olympic history.

Felix has announced that she intends to retire before the 2024 Olympics in Paris.

Achievements
Allyson Felix is a five-time recipient of the Jesse Owens/Jackie Joyner Kersee Award, an accolade given by USA Track & Field to commend the chosen athlete of the year. She won the award for the first time in 2005, and then again in 2007, 2010, 2012 and 2015. After her success at the 2012 London Olympics, Felix received the 2012 IAAF Female World Athlete of the Year award. In 2022, Felix received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

Personal bests

At the 2012 Summer Olympics Felix ran the second leg of the 4 × 400 meters relay in a time of 48.2 seconds.
At the 2015 World Championships Felix ran the third leg of the 4 × 400 meters relay in a time of 47.72 seconds, which is the fastest 4 × 400 meters split ever by an American woman and third-fastest 4 × 400 meters split ever by any female athlete, after Jarmila Kratochvílová and Marita Koch.

National titles
Six-time national 200 meters champion – 2004 (22.28), 2005 (22.13), 2007 (22.34), 2008 (21.82), 2009 (22.02), 2012 (21.69)
Three-time national 400 meters champion – 2011 (50.40), 2015 (50.05), 2016 (49.68)
U.S. national 100 meters champion – 2010 (11.27 with −2.5 m/s headwind)

Notes: The 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016 U.S. championships double as the U.S. Olympic track and field trials. Felix is the first woman ever to win U.S. national titles in the 100 meters, 200 meters, and 400 meters in her career. She is also the second American woman, after Chandra Cheeseborough, to ever qualify for the Olympics (by placing in the top three) in the 100 meters, 200 meters, and 400 meters during her career.

International competitions

Golden League wins
2008 (2) – Rome (400 m), Zurich (200 m)

Diamond League wins
2010 (7) – Doha (400 m), Eugene (400 m), Paris (200 m), Stockholm (200 m), London (400 m), Zürich (400 m), Brussels (200 m)
2011 (3) – Doha (400 m), Rome (400 m), New York (200 m)
2012 (2) – Doha (100 m), Eugene (200 m)
2013 (1) – London (200 m)
2014 (3) – Oslo (200 m), Stockholm (200 m), Brussels (200 m)
2015 (2) – Doha (200 m), Lausanne (200 m)
2017 (1) – London (400 m)

Diamond League titles
2010 Overall 200 m Diamond Race Title
2010 Overall 400 m Diamond Race Title
2014 Overall 200 m Diamond Race Title
2015 Overall 200 m Diamond Race Title

Sports advocacy

Under the Obama administration, Felix served on the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition, an advisory committee dedicated to creating affordable and sustainable physical activity and nutrition programs to encourage healthy lifestyles among Americans of all ages. As a councilmember, she appeared in short clips promoting healthy school breakfasts, mediated youth panels, and participated in a "Let's Move! Active Schools" event hosted by First Lady Michelle Obama.

In November 2014, Felix traveled to Brazil as a Sports Diplomacy Sports Envoy for the U.S. Department of State. In this function, she worked with Josh George to conduct clinics, speeches and other events for 510 youth, many of whom had disabilities or came from marginalized communities. The program was designed to remove barriers and create activities that benefit audiences with and without disabilities, whilst speaking with a young, at-risk public about important life and sports values, such as respect, discipline and overcoming adversity.

Personal life
She is married to American sprinter and hurdler Kenneth Ferguson. They have a daughter, Camryn, born in 2018. Felix is a Christian.

See also
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event

References

External links

Allyson Felix Pictures - Zimbio Profile

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santa Clarita, California
Track and field athletes from Los Angeles
American female sprinters
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
World Athletics Championships medalists
Pan American Games track and field athletes for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
USC Trojans women's track and field athletes
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
African-American female track and field athletes
World Athletics record holders (relay)
World Athletics Championships winners
Diamond League winners
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
IAAF World Athletics Final winners
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Olympic female sprinters
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

Allyson Felix


The Creditor Reference (also called the Structured Creditor Reference) is an international business standard based on ISO 11649, implemented at the end of 2008.

Using Creditor Reference, a company can automatically match its remittance information to its A/R.  This means that the company's financial supply chain's STP will be increased.

The Creditor Reference was first implemented within the SEPA rulebook 3.2.

Implementation
A vendor adds the Creditor Reference to its invoices. When a customer pays the invoice, the company writes the Creditor Reference instead of the invoice number in the message section, or places a Creditor Reference field in its payment ledger.

When the vendor receives the payment, it can automatically match the remittance information to its Accounts Receivable system.

Structure
The Creditor Reference is an alphanumeric string, up to 25 characters long, with the letters "RF" at the beginning. After the letters are two check digits, which confirm that the reference will be entered correctly.

The remaining part of the Creditor Reference (up to 21 alphanumeric characters) is the Reference. The content of the Creditor Reference can be determined without any restrictions. The Reference part can be subject to further restrictions when e.g. national reference numbers are converted from/to Creditor Reference format; in Finland the national reference number includes a single check digit by itself, and is limited to 4–20 characters in length.

Example: RF18 5390 0754 7034 [In this example, the check digits are "18". The message is structured in print format.]

Example: RF18000000000539007547034 [In this example, the reference is the same as above, but in digital format (All 25 characters present).]

References

External links
European Payment Council's Creditor Reference pages
ISO white papers
SWIFT Community (requires registration)
Batch creation and validation of Creditor References
Creditor Reference Calculator

Accounts receivable
ISO standards
Credit

Creditor Reference


Honor Thy Father is a 1971 book by Gay Talese, about the travails of the Bonanno crime family in the 1960s, especially Salvatore Bonanno and his father Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno.

Background
In 1965, Gay Talese left his job as a reporter at The New York Times to focus on magazine writing, such as 1966's "Frank Sinatra Has a Cold" and longer projects, like his 1969 book The Kingdom and the Power.  During this period, however, Talese had begun to research a book about the Mafia.

The research for the nonfiction novel began when Talese introduced himself to mafioso Salvatore "Bill" Bonanno in a courthouse in 1965.  That same year, Talese signed a $30,000 advance to write the book.  For nearly seven years, Talese interviewed Bonanno and other members of the Mafia extensively.  Talese even traveled to Castellammare del Golfo, Sicily to research the ancestral origins of the subjects of his story.  Talese feared, during the research, that the government would subpoena him to find out what he learned about the Mafia, though this never came to pass.  He also fretted that he would be mistaken for one of Bonanno's associates by his enemies.

Story
The book begins when Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno is kidnapped from the streets of New York in 1964 and the Bonanno crime family is thrown into disarray for two years in a power struggle called the Banana War, culminating in an armed-ambush in Brooklyn in which Joe's son Bill Bonanno is nearly killed.

Though punctuated by life-threatening encounters, Talese also recounts how much of a mafioso's life is as tedious as any person's: days filled with television, overeating, time spent with family.  Prominent mafiosi, like Vito Genovese, Lucky Luciano, Joseph Profaci, feature in Talese's account, but the story is focused on Bill Bonanno's thoughts about his life as a mafioso.  Talese notes the similarities of Bill's life to many ordinary Americans — homogenized from his ancestors' culture, an alumnus of the University of Arizona where he belonged to ROTC.  But as son of Joe Bonanno, he was an heir to his father's empire, which was a source of great stress for Bill.  The book's title was suggested by Bill's wife Rosalie as acid commentary on the deleterious effect of Joe Bonanno on her husband's life.  The intensely introspective account that Talese extracted from Bill Bonanno prompted Time Magazine to label him "the golden retriever of personalized journalism".  A review in The New York Times wrote that Talese "conveys the impression that being a mobster is much the same as being a sportsman, film star or any other kind of public 'personality.'"

Talese concludes with the controversial thesis that the Italian Mafia was little different than gangs that came with previous waves of immigration, such as Irish gangs in the century before, or black and Latino gangs that Talese saw as following. Talese attributed the rise of the gangs as a consequence of a majority that oppresses a minority group.

Reception
Following the success of Talese's previous book The Kingdom and the Power, his book on the mafia was primed for success, and quickly became a bestseller.  Talese's use of literary techniques that were traditionally the domain of fiction, known as  "New journalism", still was regarded with caution and many suspected the technique of fabrication; a charge that Talese has always strongly denied.  A reviewer in The New York Times wrote that Talese's "fiction-imposed-on-fact has the unfortunate effect of making the whole story seem unreal."  Also writing in The Times, David Halberstam criticized previous reviewers for failing to recognize that Talese's story was more real and had been criticized for not conforming to other reviewers' preconceived ideas about what the mafia should be like.  In general, however, the book was critically acclaimed.  The Washington Post wrote:

After the principals are all gone, the book will remain, a family saga as important as any we've seen in this country.  It is a book about fathers and sons, about trust and betrayal, about the old style and the new; it is, of course, a tragedy, because the genre of the family saga, real or imagined, always seems to turn out that way.  But the book is also a stunning comment on America and the failure of its romantic promise.

Joe Bonanno disliked the book and refused to speak to his son Bill after the book came out. Joe reportedly spoke to Talese after publication of the book and said "my son was too sincere with you." Bill Bonanno was initially not happy with the book either, but after rereading the book he became more comfortable with it and asked Talese to inscribe copies for his children.

By November 1971 the book had sold nearly 200,000 copies and a second printing of 160,000 copies was ordered. Paperback rights were purchased for $450,000 by Fawcett World Library, a greater sum than Fawcett had paid for paperback rights to Mario Puzo's The Godfather.

Though Bill Bonanno was in prison when the book came out, he later cooperated in the production of a CBS miniseries, Honor Thy Father, based on his role in the book and a Showtime miniseries, Bonanno: A Godfather's Story about his life. Before his death in January 2008, Bonanno also appeared in numerous news programs and documentary looks at the mafia.

Film
In 1973, a film adaptation was made. It was directed by Paul Wendkos, and starred Joseph Bologna as Salvatore Bonanno, Brenda Vaccaro as Rosalie Bonanno, and Raf Vallone as Joseph Bonanno.

References

1971 non-fiction books
Works by Gay Talese
Non-fiction books about the Sicilian Mafia
Non-fiction books about Italian-American organized crime
World Publishing Company books
Works about the American Mafia

Honor Thy Father


Keningar adalah desa di kecamatan Dukun, Magelang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.

Currently, Keningar is inhabited by roughly 600 locals, and one "Samuel Crofts," a good-Samaritan from Melbourne, Australia. Sam is volunteering so as to gain course credit points at the University of Melbourne, and to gain some experience he can put on his CV. He also claims he is interested in helping the local children lead a better life, but this is strongly doubted by his friends and family.

Keningar, Dukun, Magelang


Olinto Sampaio Rubini commonly known as Rubini (1934 – 18 September 2012) was a professional footballer who played in the Campeonato Paulista and Mexican Primera División.

Career
Born in Porto Feliz, Rubini played as a center forward. He began his career with local side Atlético Ituano, helping the club with the Campeonato Paulista Série A3 title in 1954 and 1955. Rubini signed with Paulista second division side Esporte Clube São Bento in 1957.

In the summer of 1961, Rubini played with Toronto Roma of the National Soccer League. Rubini was instrumental in having Toronto Roma win the league championship.  He moved to Mexico where he would play in the Primera División for nearly a decade. Initially, he signed with Nacional de Guadalajara, before joining rivals Oro de Guadalajara two seasons later. He scored 17 league goals for Oro in the 1963–64 season. Rubini joined C.F. Monterrey in 1964, scoring 20 league goals in his first season with the club. He played for Monterrey until 1968, when he joined Laguna.

Personal
Rubini died aged 78 in September 2012.

References

1934 births
2012 deaths
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Ituano FC players
Esporte Clube São Bento players
Toronto Roma players
C.D. Oro footballers
C.F. Monterrey players
Canadian National Soccer League players
Liga MX players
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Men's association football forwards
People from Porto Feliz
Footballers from São Paulo (state)

Rubini (footballer)


John Robert Morris (8 June 1913 – 1 June 1977) was an English historian who specialised in the study of the institutions of the Roman Empire and the history of Sub-Roman Britain. He is best known for his book The Age of Arthur (1973), which attempted to reconstruct the history of Britain and Ireland during the so-called "Dark Ages" (350–650 AD) following the Roman withdrawal, based on scattered archaeological and historical records.  Much of his other work focused on Britain during this time.

Biography
Morris read modern history at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1932 to 1935, and served in the Army during the Second World War. After the war, he held a Leon Fellowship at the University of London and a Junior Fellowship at the Warburg Institute. In 1948 he was appointed Lecturer in Ancient History at University College, London. He worked in India in 1968 and 1969 as a lecturer for the Indian University Grants Commission, before returning to UCL to become Senior Lecturer in Ancient History, a post he held until his death.

In 1952 Morris founded the historical journal Past & Present, which he edited until 1960, and remained chairman of the editorial board until 1972. He was one of the writers, along with A. H. M. Jones and J. R. Martindale, of The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, a biographical dictionary of the years 284–641, the first volume of which was published in 1971. He also instigated the publication of a new edition of the Domesday Book, and edited the Arthurian Period Sources series. His last book was Londinium: London in the Roman Empire, published posthumously in 1982.

Morris was a socialist and anti-war campaigner. He stood unsuccessfully for Parliament in 1935 as a Labour Party candidate, and was for a time secretary to the Labour MP George Strauss. He was a founder-member of the Committee of 100, an anti-war group founded by Bertrand Russell in 1960, and was later involved in the Institute for Workers' Control.

In 1975 Morris wrote the script "Domesday Republished" for the Look, Stranger BBC-TV series.

Morris died on 1 June 1977 in London.

The Age of Arthur
The Age of Arthur (1973) was the first attempt by a professional historian to build a picture of Britain during the period 350–650, when King Arthur (whom Morris accepts as an authentic historical personage) was supposed to have lived. The book is not, however, exclusively about Arthur, but rather about the history of Celtic Britain during that era. The book also includes detailed chapters on Brittany on the grounds that its Celtic population which came from migrations from "Greater Britain" meant that "Little Britain" (Brittany) was as much heir to Roman Britannia as were England, Wales, Ireland, and Scotland.

Although popular with the public, the book was heavily criticised in professional historical circles, severely damaging Morris's academic reputation in the eyes of many of his peers. David Dumville launched a famously scathing attack on Morris's methodology; and while one of the most influential reviews of the book, by D. P. Kirby and J. E. Caerwyn Williams, described it as "an outwardly impressive piece of scholarship", it went on to argue that this apparent scholarship "crumbles upon inspection into a tangled tissue of fact and fantasy which is both misleading and misguided". Others, such as James Campbell, were more generous, but still considered that the Age of Arthur was so misleading and full of problems that it was really only of use to professional historians who could sort the interesting ideas from the flights of fantasy.

Selected works
Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, ed. with A. H. M. Jones and J. R. Martindale:
Volume 1 (Cambridge University Press, 1971) from 260 to 395
Volume 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1980) from 395 to 527
Arthurian Period Sources series, ed. John Morris:
The Age of Arthur: Volume 1: Roman Britain and the Empire of Arthur (London:  Phillimore)
The Age of Arthur: Volume 2: The Successor States  (London: Phillimore)
The Age of Arthur: Volume 3:  Church, Society and Economy (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 1: Introduction, notes and index (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 2: Annals and Charters (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 3: Persons (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 4: Places and Peoples and Saxon Archaeology (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 5: Genealogies and texts (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 6: Studies in Dark-Age History (London: Phillimore)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 7: Gilda, The Ruin of Britain and Other Documents (London: Phillimore, 1978)
Arthurian period sources, vol. 8: Nennius: British History and the Welsh Annals (London & Chichester: Phillimore, 1980)
Londinium: London in the Roman Empire (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1982)

Notes

1913 births
1977 deaths
Prosopographers of ancient Rome
Academics of University College London
Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford
People educated at Rossall School
People associated with the History Department, University College London
20th-century British historians
Arthurian scholars

John Morris (historian)


Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe  (11 December 1796 – 12 May 1870), was a British peer and courtier.

Background
He was the third but eldest surviving son of The Hon. Penn Assheton Curzon (the eldest son of Assheton Curzon, 1st Viscount Curzon, and his wife Esther Hanmer), and his wife Sophia née Howe, suo jure Baroness Howe (the eldest daughter of Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (of the first creation), and his wife Mary née Hartop).

Public life
As his father predeceased his own father, Curzon inherited his grandfather's viscountcy in 1820. He took the additional name of Howe by royal licence a year later and was created Earl Howe (a revival of the title previously held by his maternal grandfather) that year. From 1829 to 1830, he was a Tory Lord of the Bedchamber to King George IV, appointed a GCH in 1830 and was Lord Chamberlain to Queen Adelaide from 1830 to 1831 and again from 1834 to 1837. On his mother's death in 1835, he inherited her barony.

His office gave him considerable influence over the Queen and through her King William IV, both of whom liked and admired him. Malicious gossip that he was the Queen's lover was not taken seriously even at the time, and is entirely discounted by historians. It was his position as an extreme Tory, and his strong opposition to the Reform Act 1832 which made him unacceptable to the Government, and Lord Grey eventually insisted on his dismissal, much to the Queen's distress. Subsequent negotiations to reinstate him came to nothing.

William IV's biographer described him as a man whose vanity and arrogance should have made him insufferable, yet who clearly possessed personal charm great enough to make those who knew him overlook his faults.

Family

Lord Howe married Lady Harriet Georgiana Brudenell, second daughter of Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan, on 19 March 1820. They had ten children:
George Augustus Frederick Louis, 2nd Earl Howe (1821–1876).
Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe, 3rd Earl Howe (1822–1900), ancestor of subsequent earls.
Hon. Frederick Curzon-Howe (1823–1881). Died unmarried.
Hon. Henry Dugdale Curzon-Howe (1824–1910), married Eleanor Young Swinburne (d. 28 August 1887), daughter of Maj.-Gen. John Swinburne of Keynsham, Somerset, on 22 October 1857. They had six children.
Lady Georgiana Charlotte (1825–1906), married Henry Somerset, 8th Duke of Beaufort.
Maj. Hon. William Henry Curzon-Howe (1827–1914), married first Beatrice Louisa Margaret Page (d. 10 July 1873) on 26 October 1870. He later married Emily Cowper, daughter of Frederick Cowper JP for Cumberland, on 3 November 1874. They had one daughter.
Hon. Ernest George Curzon-Howe (1828–1885), married Augusta Latham Hallifax (circa 1835 – 24 December 1917), daughter of Brig. Gen. Robert Dampier Hallifax and granddaughter of Samuel Hallifax, Bishop of Gloucester and St. Asaph. They had six children.
Hon. Leicester Smyth (1829–1891).
Lady Adelaide Curzon-Howe (1835–1903), married Francis Fane, 12th Earl of Westmorland.
Lady Emily Mary Curzon-Howe (1836–1910), married Sir Robert Kingscote. She was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Alexandra.

Howe's first wife died in 1836, and on 9 October 1845, he married Anne Gore (d. 1877), second daughter of Admiral Sir John Gore. They had three children:
Hon. Montagu Curzon (21 September 1846 – 1 September 1907), married on 19 October 1886 to Esmé FitzRoy (1859 – 25 May 1939, daughter of Francis Horatio FitzRoy (1823–1900) and wife Gertrude Duncombe (1827 –)), whose daughter Mary married her cousin the 5th Earl Howe and was mother of the 6th Earl Howe.
Lady Mary Anna (1848–1929), married the 2nd Duke of Abercorn; ancestors of subsequent dukes.
Admiral Sir Assheton Gore Curzon-Howe (1850–1911)

References

External links

|-

1796 births
1870 deaths
1
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Richard
Richard
Peers of the United Kingdom created by George IV
Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen

Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe


SC Apolda was a German football club from the town of Apolda, Thuringia. It was established in 1910 as Ballspiel-Club Apolda and later adopted the name Sport-Club Apolda. The team enjoyed a measure of success in the late 1920s playing top flight regional football in central Germany.

History
In 1927 the Apolda took part in the Mitteldeutscher-Pokal (Central German Cup) where they went out in a semifinal match to Chemnitzer BC (1:5). They went on to take part in top flight regional play and between 1928 and 1930 participated in the Mitteldeutscher playoffs which decided a representative for the national finals. They advanced as far as the semifinals in 1929 where they were drubbed 1:16 by Dresdner SC and were put out in the quarterfinals in each of their next two appearances. They made one final appearance in the playoff round in 1932 and went out in the opening rounds.

German football was reorganized in 1933 under the Third Reich into 16 top flight regional divisions. Apolda failed to qualify for the new competition and remained in lower-tier football until a successful promotion playoff advanced the club to the Gauliga Mitte in 1940. They fared poorly and were sent down after a single season of play there.

The club briefly disappeared following the end of World War II when occupying Allied authorities banned most organizations across the country, including sports and football clubs. The team was reestablished in late 1945 as SG Apolda-Nord and became part of the separate football competition that emerged in Soviet-occupied East Germany. They underwent name changes in the late 1940s, playing as SG Blaugold Apolda in 1947, before becoming BSG Aufbau Apolda the following year.

The Apolda side has since remained an anonymous local club playing lower-tier football. Following the reunification of Germany in 1990 the club returned to its roots and adopted the name SC Apolda 1910. In the mid-1990s the club became defunct.

References

External links
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables

Defunct football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in East Germany
Association football clubs established in 1910
Defunct football clubs in Thuringia
1910 establishments in Germany
1990s disestablishments in Germany

SC Apolda


Eisenbahn Kurier (German for Railway Courier), or EK, is a monthly magazine published in Freiburg, Germany, whose focus is on railway and model railway themes. Its target audience is railway modellers and model railway fans, as well as railway experts and employees. With a monthly print run of about 40,000 copies, EK is one of the biggest railway magazines in Germany. The magazine is produced by its own publisher, EK Verlag, which is registered in the Freiburg Trade Register. Its manager is Dierk Lawrenz, Handeloh.

History
Eisenbahn Kurier was founded in 1966 in Wuppertal by a small group of railway fans, which included the famous locomotive photographer Carl Bellingrodt. Its declared aim was to publish a magazine in which information about the remaining, operational Deutsche Bundesbahn steam locomotives was reported. Whilst there were already several hobby magazines at that time which had a railway theme, there were few up to date reports on the prototype or they were only cursorily mentioned. Today EK still has a heavy emphasis on current railway events. Bellingrodt later bequeathed a large part of his photographic archive to EK, which still publishes them on a regular basis today.

EK attracted further attention in 1972 when it purchased an operational steam locomotive, number 24 009 from East Germany, which became the foundation for the activities of the company "directly on the tracks". The oldest still operational dining car in Germany (1700D) and the Prussian crown prince's coach are amongst its other purchases.

In 1981 the magazine began covering the subject of railway modelling in the magazine, which now appeared monthly. In 1976 the first specialist and photo books were published by EK Verlag. When EK first covered model railway topics they were very much a peripheral theme, but over the course of the year they have increasingly taken more and more space in the magazine.

From 1990 to 1994 a slightly different parallel edition of EK was produced specially for the new German federal states from the old East Germany. Its content varied little from the western edition, but it was cheaper. Following the founding of Deutsche Bahn, this concept was dropped.

Since 1966 many railway books have been published by Eisenbahn Kurier alongside the magazine, including books on individual German locomotive classes. In addition, there are also picture series and books on regional railway subjects in their range of publications, as well as DVDs, videos and numerous special magazine editions on historic and current railway topics in the Eisenbahn Kurier Special, EK Themen and EK Aspekte series. Besides Eisenbahn Kurier the EK Verlag also publishes the Modellbahn Kurier magazine (purely for modellers; ) as well as Stadtverkehr (meaning Urban Transit and concerning city transport, such as trams, buses and metro systems; ).

See also
List of magazines in Germany

External links
www.eisenbahn-kurier.de
www.modellbahn-kurier.de
www.stadtverkehr.de

1966 establishments in West Germany
German-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Rail transport magazines published in Germany
Magazines established in 1966
Mass media in Freiburg im Breisgau
Mass media in Wuppertal
Rail transport modelling publications

Eisenbahn Kurier


The jinghu (京胡; pinyin: jīnghú) is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the huqin family, used primarily in Beijing opera. It is the smallest and highest pitched instrument in the huqin family. The jinghu has a tone similar to a violin but raspier.

Construction
Like most of its relatives, the jinghu has 2 strings that are customarily tuned to the interval of a 5th which the hair of the non-detachable bow passes in between.  The strings were formerly made of silk, but in modern times are increasingly made of steel or nylon. Unlike other huqin instruments (erhu, gaohu, zhonghu, etc.) it is made of bamboo.  Its cylindrical soundbox is covered with snakeskin on the front (playing) end, which forms a taut drum on which the bridge rests, sandwiched between the drum and the strings, which are connected to a peg at the bottom of the soundbox.

Use
In Beijing opera, the jinghu often doubles the singer's voice. Jinghu performers in Beijing opera rarely shift into higher positions, and instead choose to compress the melody into a single octave.

The jinghu was also featured prominently in the single "Shinjitsu no Uta" by the Japanese band Do as Infinity.

See also
Huqin
Music of China
Traditional Chinese musical instruments
String instruments

References

External links
Current profile  of Wu Ru-Jun (Beijing opera musician who played the jinghu in Shinjitsu no Uta) from his official website. Includes information about parts of a jinghu and Beijing opera.
Zongti Lin's blog  A blog of another Beijing opera musician, with videos on the Beijing opera and jinghu lessons.

Chinese musical instruments
Drumhead lutes
Peking opera
Huqin family instruments

Jinghu (instrument)


Marquess of Altamira is a Spanish noble title.

On December 23, 1702, King Philip V of Spain granted the title to Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle y de la Rasa, 1st Marquess of Altamira from the previous title of Viscount Tagle.

Famous members include Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquess of Altamira who was once the most influential and richest man in New Spain, Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle known as the "Father of Tequila" and first Empress of Mexico, Empress Ana Maria, who is the great great great grandniece of Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle. The holders of the title were all members of the House of Tagle, an aristocratic family in Spain and Mexico during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

The members of the family also married into powerful Spanish nobles houses such as that of the Dukes of Moctezuma de Tultengo and the Dukes of Tetuán.

A cadet branch of the House of Tagle also established themselves in the Philippines, where they soon became one of that country's richest families. Having historical associations with the Principalia, the native aristocracy of the Philippines, some notable members of this branch are the socialite Isabel Preysler and the actress Anna Maria Perez de Tagle, who is Filipino-American and perhaps Cardinal Luis Antonio Gokim

Viscounts of Tagle
 Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle, Viscount Tagle (created Marquess of Altamira on December 23, 1702)
 Don Juan Manuel Pérez de Tagle, Viscount Tagle (created Marquess of Salinas on October 20, 1733)

Marquesses of Altamira
 Don Luis Sánchez de Tagle, 1st Marquess of Altamira
 Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquess of Altamira, son-in-law and eldest son of the 1st Marquess' eldest brother
 Doña Manuela Sánchez de Tagle, 3rd Marchioness of Altamira, eldest daughter of the 2nd Marquess
 Doña Luisa Pérez de Tagle, 4th Marchioness of Altamira, only daughter of the 3rd Marquesa
 Don Manuel Rodríguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle, 5th Marquess of Altamira, eldest son of the 4th Marquesa
 Doña María de la Paz Rodriguez de Albuerne y Girón, 6th Marchioness of Altamira, eldest daughter of the 5th Marquess
 Doña Luisa Álvarez de Abreú y Rodríguez de Albuerne, 7th Marchioness of Altamira, eldest daughter of the 6th Marchionesse's youngest sister
 Doña Maria del Mar Alvarez de Abreu y Rodriguez de Albuerne, 8th Marchioness of Altamira, only sister of the 7th Marchioness
 Don Carlos Manuel O'Donnell y Álvarez de Abreú, 2nd Duke of Tetuan, 9th Marquess of Altamira and Grandee of Spain, eldest son of 8th Marchioness
 Doña María de las Mercedes O'Donnell y Vargas, 10th Marquesa of Altamira, eldest daughter of the 9th Marquess
 Doña María Victoria O'Donnell y Vargas, 11th Marquesa of Altamira, younger sister of the 10th Marchioness and daughter of the 9th Marquess
 Don Federico Kirkpatrick y O'Donnell, 12th Marquess de Altamira, second son of the 11th Marchioness
 Don Alfonso O' Donnell y Lara, 13th Marquess de Altamira, the 12th Marquess' cousin, second son of the 9th Marquess' 5th child
 Don Hugo O'Donnell y Duque de Estrada, 7th Duke of Tetuan, 14th Marquess of Altamira and Grandee of Spain, nephew of the 13th Marquess
 Don Carlos O'Donnell de Armada, 15th Marquess of Altamira and Grandee of Spain, eldest son of the 14th Marquess

References
 Elenco de Grandezas y Títulos Nobiliarios españoles. Instituto "Salazar y Castro", C.S.I.C.
 Tagle. Enigma de un nombre, Historia de un pueblo. Author: José Luis Sáiz Fernández
 Nobleza Colonial de Chile. Author: J. Mujica
 Diccionario Heráldico y Genealógico de Apellidos Españoles. Author: Alberto y Arturo García Garrafa
 Nobiliario de los reinos y Señorios de España. Author: Francisco Piferrer
 La Sociedad Chilena del siglo XVIII, Mayorazgos y Títulos de Castilla. Author: Domingo Amunátegui Solar
 Patrons, Partisans, and Palace intrigues: the court society of Colonial Mexico. Author: Christoph Rosenmüller
 Hacienda and market in eighteenth-century Mexico: Second Edition, The Rural Economy of the Guadalajara. Author: Eric Van Young and John H. Coatsworth

External links
 http://www.geneall.net/H/tit_page.php?id=10856
 http://www.losvargas.org/genealog/gene3015.html
 http://heirsofeurope.blogspot.com/2010/02/tetuan.html
 http://www.geneall.net/H/per_page.php?id=646639
 https://web.archive.org/web/20121019063317/http://users.telenet.be/JoseVerheecke/link/afstamming/Moctezuma.txt

Marquessates in the Spanish nobility

O'Donnell dynasty
1702 establishments in Spain
Noble titles created in 1702

Marquess of Altamira