Cordyline pumilio, commonly known as the dwarf cabbage tree, pygmy cabbage tree or by its Māori names tī koraha or tī rauriki, is a narrow-leaved monocot shrub endemic to New Zealand. It usually grows up to  tall, although rare examples of 2 metres tall have been reported. It has long leaves and can easily be mistaken for a grass or a sedge. C. pumilio grows in the north of the North Island from North Cape at 34°S to Kawhia and Opotiki at about 38°S, generally under light forest and scrub. It was cultivated by Māori as a source of carbohydrate and used as a relish to sweeten less palatable foods.

Taxonomy
Cordyline pumilio is the smallest of New Zealand's five native species of Cordyline. Of the other species, the commonest are the common cabbage tree (C. australis), a tree up to  tall with a stout trunk and sword-like leaves, the forest cabbage tree (C. banksii) which has a slender, sweeping trunk, and the mountain cabbage tree (C. indivisa), a handsome plant with a trunk up to 8 metres high bearing a dense, rounded head of broad leaves 1 to 2 metres long. In the far north of New Zealand, C. pumilio is thought to have hybridised with C. australis.

The genus name Cordyline derives from an Ancient Greek word for a club (kordyle), a reference to the enlarged underground stems or rhizomes, and the species name pumilio is Latin for "dwarf". The common name Cabbage tree is attributed by some sources to early settlers having used the young leaves of related species as a substitute for cabbage.

The plant was well known to Māori, who cultivated it for its sugar-laden roots and stems before its discovery and naming by Europeans. The generic Māori language term for plants in the genus Cordyline is tī, and names recorded as specific to C. pumilio include tī koraha and tī rauriki.

Description
Cordyline pumilio is a plant rarely exceeding  tall. It is a very narrow-leaved species, and does not develop into the large tree-like form of C. australis. It often flowers while its short stem is leafy to the ground. In older plants the bare part of stem is up to  long and 1.5 cm (less than an inch) wide, and not usually very erect. The leaves are 30 cm to 1 metre (1–3 ft) long and 1 to 2 cm (up to an inch) wide, and may narrow above the base into a channelled petiole. The midrib is prominent abaxially, or at least proximally and the leaf margins are slightly recurved. The flower spike or panicle appears in November or December and is up to , very open with slender axes, branched to the second order, with small white or bluish-white flowers irregularly scattered along the branches. The bracts are often small and inconspicuous. The tepals are narrow, recurved and have three nerves. The stigma is short and trifid.

Cultural use
Cordyline pumilio was cultivated by Māori in the Waikato district and elsewhere all over New Zealand. Young seedlings were carefully selected and planted out, and after perhaps three years the roots were dug up, stacked in small piles, and dried in the sun. As they dried, the fibrous roots were burned off, and then the roots were scraped and baked slowly in an umu or hāngi, requiring twelve to eighteen hours to cook. The cooked roots were chewed, or pounded and washed and squeezed to extract the sugar, which was eaten with fern root as a relish. Māori ranked the taste of the plant above tī kōuka (C. australis) and the other native species, but below tī pore (Cordyline fruticosa) which they brought with them from tropical Polynesia.

Notes

Bibliography

 Salmon J. T. (1973). The Native Trees of New Zealand. Wellington. AH & AW Reed.
 Simpson, P. (2000). Dancing Leaves: The story of the New Zealand cabbage tree: Ti Kouka. Christchurch. Canterbury University Press.

pumilio
Flora of the North Island
Taxa named by Joseph Dalton Hooker

Cordyline pumilio


James M. Oakley (June 19, 1839 in New York City – March 25, 1887 in Jamaica, Queens County, New York) was an American politician from New York.

Life
He attended the public schools, and then engaged in the real estate business.

He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Queens Co., 2nd D.) in 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874 and 1875.

He was a delegate to the 1872 and 1876 Democratic National Conventions. In 1877, he was appointed by Gov. Lucius Robinson as Commissioner of Quarantine.

He was a member of the New York State Senate (1st D.) in 1878 and 1879.

He was President of the New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway Railroad from 1881 until his death.

He died at his home in Jamaica, Queens, on March 25, 1887, of "paralysis of the heart," and was buried at the Prospect Cemetery in Queens.

Sources
 Civil List and Constitutional History of the Colony and State of New York compiled by Edgar Albert Werner (1884; pg. 290 and 372ff)
 The State Government for 1879 by Charles G. Shanks (Weed, Parsons & Co, Albany NY, 1879; pg. 47)
 OBITUARY NOTES; Ex-State Senator James M. Oakley died... in NYT on March 26, 1887
 EX-SENATOR OAKLEY'S FUNERAL in NYT on March 29, 1887

1839 births
1887 deaths
Democratic Party New York (state) state senators
Politicians from Queens, New York
Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly
19th-century American railroad executives
19th-century American politicians

James M. Oakley


Hans Peter Nielsen (29 April 1852 in Vejstrup – 17 September 1928 in Vejstrup) was a Danish farmer and politician.

Nielsen was the son of Niels Hansen (1817–1906) and Karen Hansdatter. His grandfather was Hans Christensen, also a farmer and politician. Nielsen received his education in a private school, followed by a year in 1869–1870 at Vejstrup College and then Gedved Seminarium. His studies were interrupted by military service at Odense.

In 1878 he married Gunhild Knudsen, daughter of jeweler Knudsen from Copenhagen, and between 1878 and 1885 they lived on a farm in Vejstrup. In December 1882 he became politically active with the Oure-Vejstrup Parish, of which he was a member for six years, the last three years as chairman. In 1892 he was elected to the Svendborg County Council as his father's successor.

In 1884, he became member of the Committee for Svendborg Nyborg railways, and later promoted to director and in 1903 to Executive Chairman. In 1897, he also became a member of the Executive Board of the Fyns Telefon Company at the request of Frederik Hey, who believed that the company should be owned by the county and urban municipalities. The same year, he succeeded his father as director of the Agricultural Bank of Fyn. In 1884, Nielsen also became part of financial division of Svendborg County, but had to abandon this post three years later due to political tensions.

On 1 January 1890 Nielsen co-founded a magazine of Svendborg County, Folkebladet for Svendborg Amt, which was a medium of moderate-left politics. In 1900 he was hired as director of fire insurance in Svendborg and held this post until his death in 1928. On 28 August 1908 he became Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog.

References
Engbæk's Hjemmeside. engbaek.com

1852 births
1928 deaths
Local politicians in Denmark
People from Svendborg Municipality
20th-century Danish farmers
19th-century Danish farmers
19th-century Danish politicians
20th-century Danish politicians

Hans Peter Nielsen (politician)


N. Vijay Siva (born 29 March 1967) is a Carnatic music vocalist. He is a disciple of the late D. K. Jayaraman.

Background
Vijay Siva was born to Akhila Siva and A.N.Siva on 29 March 1967.

Vijay Siva went to Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan Senior Secondary School, Chennai. He graduated with a first class from Vivekananda College, Chennai and secured a master's degree in Commerce from Madurai Kamarajar University.

At the age of four, he exhibited a rare intuitive capacity to identify ragas. Vijay Siva first learnt Carnatic music from his mother, Akhila Siva, who was a vocal musician from Carnatic Music College, Chennai. Vijay Siva later learnt music from D. K. Jayaraman and D. K. Pattammal. Vijay Siva is also an accomplished mridangist, and received training from Kumbakonam Rajappa Iyer.

Vijay Siva's brother N. Manoj Siva is also an accomplished mridangam artist. His sister, Poorna Vaidyanathan (nee Poorna Siva), is a trained violinist. Poorna is married to the accomplished mridangam artist, J. Vaidyanathan, who is D. K. Jayaraman's son.

Music career

Touring
Vijay Siva has performed in all major sabhas all over India and has presented concerts in United States of America, Canada and Singapore.

Titles and awards
Vijay Siva has received in excess of 100 prizes for both Carnatic music and mridangam, including first Prize for Thevaram, Tiruvachakam and Thiruppugazh in 1974 and the coveted "Rajaji Tamboora" in 1981 from Tamil Isai Sangam, Chennai. He also received first prizes in Classical and Light Classical Music Competitions (1984) which were conducted by AIR. He was awarded  titles like "Isai Peroli" (1995) from Karthik Fine Arts, and received the "Youth Award for Excellence" by Maharajapuram Viswanatha Iyer Trust in 1995, and was the first recipient of "Kalki Krishnamurthy Award (1996)" presented by Kalki Krishnamurthy Memorial Trust, Chennai.

References

External links
 Profile at indiamusicinfo.com

1967 births
Living people
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Madurai Kamaraj University alumni

Vijay Siva


USS Curry County (LST-685) was an  built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named after counties in New Mexico and Oregon, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

LST-685 was laid down on 21 December 1943 at Jeffersonville, Indiana by the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company; launched on 18 February 1944; sponsored by Miss Agnes J. Langley; and commissioned on 7 April 1944.

Service history
Following World War II, LST-685 performed occupation duty in the Far East until mid-April 1946. She returned to the United States and was decommissioned on 22 July 1946. On 13 January 1947 the ship was placed in service and used for Naval Reserve training out of Tompkinsville, New York. She was inactivated on 2 June 1950 at Green Cove Springs, Florida. On 1 July 1955 she was redesignated USS Curry County (LST-685). The tank landing ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 1 November 1958.

Sold for commercial purposes (date unknown), the ship was listed in the 1959 issue of La Marina Mercante Argentina edited by the Instituto de Estudios de la Marina Mercante Argentina as Sulmar, owned by Navemar S. A., Argentina, working between Argentine and Brazilian ports. Her final fate is unknown.

References

See also
 List of United States Navy LSTs
 Curry County, New Mexico
 Curry County, Oregon

LST-542-class tank landing ships
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Cold War amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Jeffersonville, Indiana
1944 ships

USS Curry County


In the United States, a state is a political entity. There are currently 50 of them, and they are bound together in a federation.  Each has a government and can make laws over a particular area that the state covers. All states have a shared sovereignty with the U.S. federal government. People who were born or naturalized in states are citizens of both the United States and the state they are in.People can move between states without asking or saying so, unless a court has said they can't. Four states call themselves "commonwealths" in their official names. Washington, D.C. is a federal district and not a state nor in a state.

States divide their territory into counties, or something similar with different name, which are not sovereign.  Most states give their counties some government authority; a few states give them none. State governments get their power from the people of that state.  States have a number of States' rights under the United States Constitution.  States and the people that live in them are represented in the United States Congress, in the Senate and the House of Representatives.  Each state also selects electors (an equal number to the number of Senators and Representatives from that state) to vote in the Electoral College, which elects the President of the United States. Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States, is considered as a possible 51st state for the future.

States of the United States

The 50 states, in alphabetical order, along with each state's flag:

References

U.S. state


In classical scholarship, the editio princeps (plural: editiones principes) of a work is the first printed edition of the work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts. These had to be copied by hand in order to circulate.

For example, the editio princeps of Homer is that of Demetrius Chalcondyles, now thought to be from 1488. The most important texts of classical Greek and Roman authors were for the most part produced in editiones principes in the years from 1465 to 1525, following the invention of the printing press around 1440.

In some cases there were possibilities of partial publication, of publication first in translation (for example from Greek to Latin), and of a usage that simply equates with first edition. For a work with several strands of manuscript tradition that have diverged, such as Piers Plowman, editio princeps is a less meaningful concept.

The term has long been extended by scholars to works not part of the Ancient Greek and Latin literatures. It is also used for legal works, and other significant documents.

For full lists of literature works, see:

 Editio princeps (Latin)
 Editio princeps (Greek)
 Editio princeps (other languages)

Notable works
The following is a list of notable literature works.

References

Book terminology
Textual criticism
Textual scholarship
History of printing

Editio princeps


Irina Deleanu (born November 12, 1975) is a former individual rhythmic gymnast from Romania.

Biography
In the 1992 World Championships she won the bronze medal in rope. She retired from the sport in 1993. An annual Rhythmic Gymnastics competition held in Bucharest is named after her, The Irina Deleanu Cup. She is currently the president of the Romanian Rhythmic Gymnastics Federation.

Suspension
The FIG initiated disciplinary proceedings against Irina Deleanu on March 12, 2012 at the request of the Cyprus Gymnastics Federation damaging the reputation of Cypriot gymnast Chrystalleni Trikomiti, following comments that she made during a television interview with regard to the judging at the Rhythmic Gymnastics qualifying event for London 2012, which took place in January 2012. Deleanu was suspended of her membership of the Technical Committee of the European Gymnastics Union from the date of the said decision until December 31, 2016, the length of the suspension was later reduced until the end of December 2015.

References

External links

Federatia Romana de Gimnastica Ritmica

1975 births
Living people
Romanian rhythmic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for Romania
Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships
Place of birth missing (living people)

Irina Deleanu


Richard Graham Reed Dawe (born 4 September 1959 in Tavistock) is a former English rugby union footballer and the former coach of Plymouth Albion.

He played for Bath Rugby, Sale Sharks, Plymouth Albion and Launceston.

Dawe earned 5 caps for England, from 1987 to 1995. He made his debut in the Five Nations in 1987. He was selected for the Rugby World Cup finals in 1987, playing a single match, and again in 1995 when he played against Manu Samoa. That was his last England cap, earned at the age of 36, his international career being limited by the presence in the England team of Brian Moore.

He won 14 major trophies during 12 years at Bath before moving on to Sale and also represented the Barbarians, South West, Cornwall and Devon.

Dawe became player-coach of Plymouth Albion in 1999, making his debut for his hometown team on his 40th birthday. He is believed to be the first 50-year-old to play professional rugby, turning out for Plymouth Albion in the Championship and British & Irish Cup.
He guided Plymouth from the bottom of National League Three South to National League 1 (now known as the Championship). Albion nearly went all the way to the Premiership but narrowly missed out in 2004-05, the same season they reached their first Twickenham final.

On 21 November 2011 Graham was relieved of his duties as Chairman of Rugby at Plymouth Albion due to lack of finance. After leaving Albion, Dawe worked as a coaching consultant and helped out Premiership club Saracens. He was persuaded to return to Plymouth in 2015 when they were sitting bottom of the Championship and having given notice of administration. Dawe totally rebuilt the squad and they won 22 of their 30 games in National One before he left the club following a change of ownership.
He helped Devon reach six County Championship finals between 2000 and 2008. He finished coaching Devon in 2010 and in 2014 took over as head coach of Cornwall, helping them to three consecutive finals, winning it in 2015 and 2016, the first time Cornwall had won consecutive titles in their history.
In early 2015 Dawe was also asked to do some work with the England squad by new coach Eddie Jones. He has also coached the Barbarians, Royal Navy and University of St Mark and St John.

References

External links
Graham Dawe International Statistics

1959 births
Living people
Bath Rugby players
England international rugby union players
English rugby union coaches
English rugby union players
Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union players from Tavistock
1987 Rugby World Cup players
1995 Rugby World Cup players

Graham Dawe


The Governance and Anti-Corruption Country Diagnostics is a survey tool, which uses information gathered from in-depth, country-specific surveys of households, businesses, and public officials about institutional vulnerabilities. The tool is used by the World Bank and partner governments to measure and evaluate critical governance challenges within the public sector.

The diagnostic tool aims to address two of the fundamental challenges policy makers face when trying to curb corruption and improve governance: (i) to obtain the most relevant type of information to identify priorities for reform; and (ii) to create the conditions for sustaining the reform process over time. The results of the surveys allows countries to unbundle corruption (administrative, state capture, bidding, theft of public resources, purchase of licenses); identify weak and strong institutions; assess the costs of corruption to different stakeholders; and identify concrete and measurable ways to reduce those costs. The ultimate goal is to improve the quality of public services by improving governance in personnel and resource management, access to services and citizen feedback mechanisms by feeding into participatory and targeted reform planning.

As of 2013, 23 countries in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Africa have implemented the surveys.

The Diagnostic Approach and Process
The Governance and Anti-Corruption Country Diagnostic Surveys are built on partnership between multiple actors and the active involvement of the government, civil society and business representatives at different stages of the implementation process. During the data gathering process local NGOs and specialists are employed to allow for capitalization on, and strengthening of, local knowledge and expertise. Two types Diagnostics have been developed: (i) General Governance and Anti-corruption Diagnostics, which require a broad approach to assessing the governance and anti-corruption situation in a country and (ii) Sectoral Governance and Anti-Corruption Diagnostics, which assess a particular sector within the broader GAC context.

While the first approach is the one which has been most frequently used, the second approach is suitable for countries facing unique challenges that require more in-depth and narrowly defined data or countries who are keen to draft a governance reform that focuses only on a few sectors, rather than on the whole public administration. This alternative approach has so far been used in Haiti, Madagascar, Mauritania, Senegal, Morocco and Yemen.

The survey process is tailored to each country to address individual governance context and priorities. However, in most of the countries undertaking this type of work, the project components include:
 A preparatory phase (Phase 0) to identify and recruit the project team and develop a detailed work program.
 A "partnership-promoting" phase (Phase 1) to facilitate the coordination of the different national stakeholders involved in the process.
 A development phase (Phase 2) to assess potential institutional weaknesses, to design and revise diagnostic tools, and (iii) to train staff to carry out the required field work.
 A fieldwork phase (Phase 3) to collect the governance data, using the tools developed in Phase 2.  This Phase will include sample design, fieldwork as well as data coding, and will be carried out jointly by local and external experts.
 An analytical and action planning phase (Phase 4), to analyze the data collected in Phase 3 and design a specific action plan to improve governance.  The analysis, carried out jointly by the Bank team and local team, led to the completion of a policy report to address questions such as:  What is the cost of mis-governance to firms, users, and public finances?  What are its consequences? How does mis-governance affect poor users and small firms? What effect does mis-governance have in public service delivery?  What are the causes of institutional vulnerability?  What are the fundamental issues on which a reform program designed to improve governance and reduce mismanagement should to focus?  The policy report is then used by the country to design a specific action plan for governance improvement
 A dissemination phase (Phase 5), to disseminate the results of the analysis completed in Phase 4 to local and central governments, citizens, media and research agencies.  Where feasible, the development of internet sites for further data access and dissemination will be promoted and a series of training activities will be organized on the use of the data for policy making and monitoring.

Outcomes
This approach has empowered governments to develop their own governance and anti-corruption strategies based on more objective, micro-level data and a participatory model. The data collected have also allowed practitioners to go beyond a generic concept of corruption by unbundling different types of corruption and identifying more appropriate policy measures.

While in many cases it is premature to evaluate the impact of this alternative approach, some interesting by-products have already emerged. A few countries (Paraguay and Mozambique) have mobilized resources and used on their own the same approach for a second round of assessment. In a couple of cases the country has chosen to institutionalize part of this assessment integrating it in their regular data collection implemented by the National Statistical Agency. Finally, the newly available data has allowed researchers to further our understanding of the link between institutional factors and different types of corruption, and of the impact of poor governance and corruption on citizens.

Coverage
The following countries have completed at least one round of the survey.
Bangladesh
Benin
Bolivia
Brazil
Burundi
Colombia
Cote d'Iviore
Ecuador
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Haiti
Honduras
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritania
Mozambique
Paraguay
Peru
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Zambia

References

External links
Actionable Governance Indicators
Kaufmann, D., S. Pradhan and R. Ryterman (1998) "New frontiers in diagnosing and combating corruption", World Bank
World Bank Governance and Public Sector Management
Worldwide Governance indicators

World Bank

World Bank Governance Surveys


Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (), abbreviated as MAKU, is a public university located in Burdur, Turkey. It was established in 2006. It is named after Mehmet Akif Ersoy.

History
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University was founded on 17 March 2006. The following were connected to Suleyman Demirel University: Burdur Education Faculty, Burdur School of Health, Burdur Vocational School, Bucak Hikmet Tolunay Vocational School, Gölhisar Vocational School, Bucak Emin Gülmez Technical Science Vocational School, and Ağlasun Vocational School. Burdur Veterinary Faculty was connected to Akdeniz University. All were then transferred to Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The Faculty of Letters, Institutes of Social Sciences, Science and Technology, Health Sciences were founded by the same law.

Also founded were the Continuing Education Research and  Application Center, Strategic Researches Application and Research Center, Teke Location Folk Culture Application and Research Center, and Mehmet Akif Ersoy Application and Research Center. In addition to Research and Application Centers; Atatürk's Principles and History of Turkish Revolution Department, Physical Education and Sports Department, Informatics Department, Fine Arts Department, Turkish Language Department and Foreign Languages Department are active within rectorship.

Mehmet Akif Ersoy University includes  four institutions which have graduate training programs, five faculties and two higher schools which have undergraduate training programs, and six vocational schools, four research centers, six departments connected to rectorship, 16,500 students and 1000 personnel.

Campus

Accommodation
There are dormitories attached to the General Directorate of Higher Education Credit and Dormitories.

Food
The food needs of the students, academics and administrative personnel are provided by dieticians from central dining hall in campus and dining halls of higher schools in towns, calculating the students' and personnel's calorie needs. Canteens and cafeterias offer services in the faculties and higher schools.

Health
Health Services for students are met by healthcare organizations in Burdur and its provinces. Students can receive aid from any medical personnel who work in the Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports Department.

Culture
Social activities are carried out through cooperative studies of the clubs established by Academic Units and the student and the Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports Department.

Conferences, seminars, panels and other activities are held with the participation of guests who have a national and international reputation.

Theatre, music, folk dance, exhibitions, colloquies are held at Science, Project and Spring Festivals in May every year. The students have an opportunity to express themselves with the activities held, shows performed by units and concerts.

Recreation
Cinema, operating at the University Continuing Education Center, lets students watch Turkish and foreign movies.

Academics

Faculties
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Arts and Science
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture

Institutes
Institute of Science and Technology
Institute of Health Sciences
Institute of Social Sciences
Institute of Educational Sciences

Schools
Bucak Zeliha Tolunay Higher School of Applied Technology and Management
Bucak School of Health
School of Health
School of Physical Education and Sports
School of Foreign Languages
School of Tourism and Hotel Management

Student life
Sports services are maintained by the HCS Sports Services Unit, coordinated with the Physical Education and Sports Department in the Faculty of Education.

Student Council
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Students Council is the only legal body representing about 16,500 students at Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. It has 13 members from three faculties, two schools, three institutes and six vocational schools.

Responsibilities of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Students Council include
 protecting the rights of the students regarding the meeting and improvement of their educational, health, sports and cultural needs,
 ensuring that the students are sensitive in terms of national interest,
 delivering the expectations and demands of the students to the administrative bodies,
 ensuring the participation of the students in the making of decisions on education.

In addition to those main responsibilities, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Students Council organizes events to contribute to the social and cultural development of the students.

Students Clubs
Clubs arrange activities such as concerts, courses, exhibitions, festivals, conferences, panels, symposium, knowledge contests, seminars, shows, music and poem concerts, and trips.

References

Universities and colleges in Turkey
2006 establishments in Turkey
Universities and colleges established in 2006
State universities and colleges in Turkey
Burdur

Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University


Christopher J. Morris (born 15 June 1962) is an English comedian, radio presenter, actor, and filmmaker. Known for his deadpan, dark humour, surrealism, and controversial subject matter, he has been praised by the British Film Institute for his "uncompromising, moralistic drive".

In the early 1990s, Morris teamed up with his radio producer Armando Iannucci to create On the Hour, a satire of news programmes. This was expanded into a television spin off, The Day Today, which launched the career of comedian Steve Coogan and has since been hailed as one of the most important satirical shows of the 1990s. Morris further developed the satirical news format with Brass Eye, which lampooned celebrities whilst focusing on themes such as crime and drugs. For many, the apotheosis of Morris' career was a Brass Eye special, which dealt with the moral panic surrounding paedophilia. It quickly became one of the most complained-about programmes in British television history, leading the Daily Mail to describe him as "the most loathed man on TV".

Meanwhile, Morris' postmodern sketch comedy and ambient music radio show Blue Jam, which had seen controversy similar to Brass Eye, helped him to gain a cult following. Blue Jam was adapted into the TV series Jam, which some hailed as "the most radical and original television programme broadcast in years", and he went on to win the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film after expanding a Blue Jam sketch into My Wrongs 8245–8249 & 117, which starred Paddy Considine. This was followed by Nathan Barley, a sitcom written in collaboration with a then little-known Charlie Brooker that satirised hipsters, which had low ratings but found success upon its DVD release. Morris followed this by joining the cast of the sitcom The IT Crowd, his first project in which he did not have writing or producing input.

In 2010, Morris directed his first feature-length film, Four Lions, which satirised Islamic terrorism through a group of inept British Muslims. Reception of the film was largely positive, earning Morris his second BAFTA Film Award, this time for Outstanding Debut. Since 2012, he has directed four episodes of Iannucci's political comedy Veep and appeared onscreen in The Double and Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle. His second feature-length film, The Day Shall Come, was released in 2019.

Early life
Christopher J Morris was born on 15 June 1962 in Colchester, Essex, the son of Rosemary Parrington and Paul Michael Morris. His father was a GP. Morris has a large red birthmark almost completely covering the left side of his face and neck, which he disguises with makeup when acting. He grew up in a Victorian farmhouse in the village of Buckden, Cambridgeshire, which he described as "very dull". He has two younger brothers, including theatre director Tom Morris. From an early age, he was a prankster and had a passion for radio. From the age of 10, he was educated at the independent Jesuit boarding school Stonyhurst College in Stonyhurst, Lancashire. He went to study zoology at the University of Bristol, where he gained a 2:1.

Career

Radio
On graduating, Morris pursued a career as a musician in various bands, for which he played the bass guitar. He then went to work for Radio West, a local radio station in Bristol. He then took up a news traineeship with BBC Radio Cambridgeshire, where he took advantage of access to editing and recording equipment to create elaborate spoofs and parodies. He also spent time in early 1987 hosting a 2–4pm afternoon show and finally ended up presenting Saturday morning show I.T.

In July 1987, he moved on to BBC Radio Bristol to present his own show No Known Cure, broadcast on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The show was surreal and satirical, with odd interviews conducted with unsuspecting members of the public. He was fired from Bristol in 1990 after "talking over the news bulletins and making silly noises". In 1988 he also joined, from its launch, Greater London Radio (GLR). He presented The Chris Morris Show on GLR until 1993, when one show got suspended after a sketch was broadcast involving a child "outing" celebrities.

In 1991, Morris joined Armando Iannucci's spoof news project On the Hour. Broadcast on BBC Radio 4, it saw him work alongside Iannucci, Steve Coogan, Stewart Lee, Richard Herring and Rebecca Front. In 1992, Morris hosted Danny Baker's Radio 5 Morning Edition show for a week whilst Baker was on holiday. In 1994, Morris began a weekly evening show, the Chris Morris Music Show, on BBC Radio 1 alongside Peter Baynham and 'man with a mobile phone' Paul Garner. In the shows, Morris perfected the spoof interview style that would become a central component of his Brass Eye programme. In the same year, Morris teamed up with Peter Cook (as Sir Arthur Streeb-Greebling), in a series of improvised conversations for BBC Radio 3 entitled Why Bother?.

Move into television and film

In 1994, a BBC Two television series based on On the Hour was broadcast under the name The Day Today. The Day Today made a star of Morris, and marked the television debut of Steve Coogan's Alan Partridge character. The programme ended on a high after just one series, with Morris winning the 1994 British Comedy Award for Best Newcomer for his lead role as the Paxmanesque news anchor.

In 1996, Morris appeared on the daytime programme The Time, The Place, posing as an academic, Thurston Lowe, in a discussion entitled "Are British Men Lousy Lovers?", but was found out when a producer alerted the show's host, John Stapleton.

In 1997, the black humour which had featured in On the Hour and The Day Today became more prominent in Brass Eye, another spoof of current affairs television documentary, shown on Channel 4. All three series satirised and exaggerated issues expected of news shows. The second episode of Brass Eye, for example, satirised drugs and the political rhetoric surrounding them. To help convey the satire, Morris invented a fictional drug by the name of "cake". In the episode, British celebrities and politicians describe the supposed symptoms in detail; David Amess mentioned the fictional drug at Parliament. In 2001, Morris' satirized the moral panic regarding pedophilia in the most controversial episode of Brass Eye, "Paedogeddon". Channel 4 apologised for the episode after receiving criticism from tabloids and around 3,000 complaints from viewers, which, at the time, was the most for an episode of British television.

From 1997 to 1999, Morris created Blue Jam for BBC Radio 1, a surreal taboo-breaking radio show set to an ambient soundtrack. In 2000, this was followed by Jam, a television reworking. Morris released a 'remix' version of this, entitled Jaaaaam.

In 2002, Morris ventured into film, directing the short My Wrongs#8245–8249 & 117, adapted from a Blue Jam monologue about a man led astray by a sinister talking dog. It was the first film project of Warp Films, a branch of Warp Records. In 2002 it won the BAFTA for best short film. In 2005 Morris worked on a sitcom entitled Nathan Barley, based on the character created by Charlie Brooker for his website TVGoHome (Morris had contributed to TVGoHome on occasion, under the pseudonym 'Sid Peach'). Co-written by Brooker and Morris, the series was broadcast on Channel 4 in early 2005.

The IT Crowd and Comedy Vehicle
Morris appeared in The IT Crowd, a Channel 4 sitcom which focuses on the information technology department of the fictional company Reynholm Industries. The series was written and directed by Graham Linehan (with whom Morris collaborated on The Day Today, Brass Eye and Jam) and produced by Ash Atalla. Morris played Denholm Reynholm, the eccentric managing director of the company. This marked the first time Morris had acted in a substantial role in a project which he has not developed himself. Morris' character appeared to leave the series during episode two of the second series. His character made a brief return in the first episode of the third series.

In November 2007, Morris wrote an article for The Observer in response to Ronan Bennett's article published six days earlier in The Guardian. Bennett's article, "Shame on us", accused the novelist Martin Amis of racism. Morris' response, "The absurd world of Martin Amis", was also highly critical of Amis; although he did not accede to Bennett's accusation of racism, Morris likened Amis to the Muslim cleric Abu Hamza (who was jailed for inciting racial hatred in 2006), suggesting that both men employ "mock erudition, vitriol and decontextualised quotes from the Qu'ran" to incite hatred.

Morris served as script editor for the 2009 series Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle, working with former colleagues Stewart Lee, Kevin Eldon and Armando Iannucci. He maintained this role for the second (2011) and third series (2014), also appearing as a mock interviewer dubbed the "hostile interrogator" in the third and fourth series.

Four Lions, Veep, and other appearances

Morris completed his debut feature film Four Lions in late 2009, a satire based on a group of Islamist terrorists in Sheffield.
It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2010 and was short-listed for the festival's World Cinema Narrative prize. The film (working title Boilerhouse) was picked up by Film Four. Morris told The Sunday Times that the film sought to do for Islamic terrorism what Dad's Army, the classic BBC comedy, did for the Nazis by showing them as "scary but also ridiculous".

In 2012, Morris directed the seventh and penultimate episode of the first season of Veep, an Armando Iannucci-devised American version of The Thick of It. In 2013, he returned to direct two episodes for the second season of Veep, and a further episode for season three in 2014.

In 2013, Morris appeared briefly in Richard Ayoade's The Double, a black comedy film based on the Fyodor Dostoyevsky novella of the same name. Morris had previously worked with Ayoade on Nathan Barley and The IT Crowd.

In February 2014, Morris made a surprise appearance at the beginning of a Stewart Lee live show, introducing the comedian with fictional anecdotes about their work together. The following month, Morris appeared in the third series of Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle as a "hostile interrogator", a role previously occupied by Armando Iannucci.

In December 2014, it was announced that a short radio collaboration with Noel Fielding and Richard Ayoade would be broadcast on BBC Radio 6. According to Fielding, the work had been in progress since around 2006. However, in January 2015 it was decided, 'in consultation with [Morris]', that the project was not yet complete, and so the intended broadcast did not go ahead.

The Day Shall Come
A statement released by Film4 in February 2016 made reference to funding what would be Morris' second feature film. In November 2017 it was reported that Morris had shot the movie, starring Anna Kendrick, in the Dominican Republic but the title was not made public. It was later reported in January 2018 that Jim Gaffigan and Rupert Friend had joined the cast of the still-untitled film, and that the plot would revolve around an FBI hostage situation gone wrong. The completed film, titled The Day Shall Come, had its world premiere at South by Southwest on 11 March 2019.

Music
Morris often co-writes and performs incidental music for his television shows, notably with Jam and the 'extended remix' version, Jaaaaam. In the early 1990s Morris contributed a Pixies parody track entitled "Motherbanger" to a flexi-disc given away with an edition of Select music magazine. Morris supplied sketches for British band Saint Etienne's 1993 single "You're in a Bad Way" (the sketch 'Spongbake' appears at the end of the 4th track on the CD single).

In 2000, he collaborated by mail with Amon Tobin to create the track "Bad Sex", which was released as a B-side on the Tobin single "Slowly".
British band Stereolab's song "Nothing to Do with Me" from their 2001 album Sound-Dust featured various lines from Chris Morris sketches as lyrics.

Style
Ramsey Ess of Vulture described Morris' comedy style as "crass" and "shocking", but noted an "underlying morality" and integrity, as well as the humor being Morris' priority.

Recognition
In 2003, Morris was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy. In 2005, Channel 4 aired a show called The Comedian's Comedian in which foremost writers and performers of comedy ranked their 50 favourite acts. Morris was at number eleven. Morris won the BAFTA for outstanding debut with his film Four Lions. Adeel Akhtar and Nigel Lindsay collected the award in his absence. Lindsay stated that Morris had sent him a text message before they collected the award reading, 'Doused in petrol, Zippo at the ready'. In June 2012 Morris was placed at number 16 in the Top 100 People in UK Comedy.

In 2010, a biography, Disgusting Bliss: The Brass Eye of Chris Morris, was published. Written by Lucian Randall, the book depicted Morris as "brilliant but uncompromising", and a "frantic-minded perfectionist".

In November 2014, a three-hour retrospective of Morris' radio career was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra under the title 'Raw Meat Radio', presented by Mary Anne Hobbs and featuring interviews with Armando Iannucci, Peter Baynham, Paul Garner, and others.

Awards
Morris won the Best TV Comedy Newcomer award from the British Comedy Awards in 1994 for his performance in The Day Today. He has won two BAFTA awards: the BAFTA Award for Best Short Film in 2002 for My Wrongs #8245–8249 & 117, and the BAFTA Award for Outstanding Debut by a British director, writer or producer in 2011 for Four Lions.

Personal life
Morris and his wife, actress-turned-literary agent Jo Unwin, live in the Brixton district of London. The pair met in 1984 at the Edinburgh Festival, when he was playing bass guitar for the Cambridge Footlights Revue and she was in a comedy troupe called the Millies. They have two sons, Charles and Frederick, both of whom were born in Lambeth in south London.

Giving very few interviews and avoiding all social media, Morris has been described as a recluse.

Works

Film

Television

Other
 Various works at BBC Radio Cambridgeshire (1986–1987) (presenter)
 No Known Cure (July 1987 – March 1990, BBC Radio Bristol) (presenter)
 Chris Morris (1988–1993, BBC GLR) (presenter)
 Morning Edition (July 1990, BBC Radio 5) (guest presenter)
 The Chris Morris Christmas Show (25 December 1990, BBC Radio 1)
 On the Hour (1991–1992, BBC Radio 4) (co-writer, performer)
 It's Only TV (September 1992, LWT) (unbroadcast pilot)
 Why Bother? (1994, BBC Radio 3) (performer, editor)
 The Chris Morris Music Show (1994, BBC Radio 1) (presenter)
 Blue Jam (1997–1999, BBC Radio 1) (writer, director, performer, editor)
 Second Class Male/Time To Go (1999, newspaper column for The Observer)
 The Smokehammer (2002, website)
 Absolute Atrocity Special (2002, newspaper pullout for The Observer)

References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
English male comedians
English radio DJs
English radio writers
English satirists
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
People educated at Stonyhurst College
People from Colchester
People from Buckden, Cambridgeshire
English film directors
Outstanding Debut by a British Writer, Director or Producer BAFTA Award winners
Comedians from Essex

Chris Morris (satirist)


Patricia Mota (born 1982) is an actress and film producer of Dominican Republic descent, She played a lead role in the critically acclaimed film GI Jesús that premiered at the "Grauman's Egyptian Theatre", on January 23, 2007, with Cineville. GI Jesús took the Grand Jury Prize at CineVegas 06 film festival. She was also in the film State Property 2 with Lions Gate.

Career
Mota is now CEO for Mota Studios LLC, Mota Studios is an artist community with a point of view, a group of artists with a voice and a vision.

Mota is a painter, photographer, co-producer. She was born in the Dominican Republic, moving to the US at age 12, and has a daughter, Preciosa Mota. Half of her life she lived in North America in between New York, Miami & California. She is the sister of supermodel & actress Omahyra Mota.

Awards
She was nominated as the best actress in the Baja California film fest 2007 for the film GI Jesus.

Filmography
Producer:
The Land of the Astronauts (2007) (pre-production) (associate producer) .
G.I. Jesus (2006) (co-producer) .

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
American film producers
American film actresses
21st-century American painters
American people of Dominican Republic descent
American women painters
21st-century American women artists
American women film producers

Patrícia Mota


30 Days of Night is a 2007 American action horror film based on the comic book miniseries of the same name. The film was directed by David Slade and stars Josh Hartnett and Melissa George. The story focuses on an Alaskan town beset by vampires as it enters into a 30-day-long polar night.

30 Days of Night was originally pitched as a comic, then as a film, but it was rejected. Years later, Steve Niles showed IDW Publishing the idea and it took off. The film was produced on a budget of $30 million and grossed over $75 million at the box office during its six-week run starting on October 19, 2007. Critical reviews were mixed.

Its success resulted in a franchise that followed, including: a prequel miniseries, Blood Trails in 2007, a sequel miniseries, Dust to Dust in 2008, and a straight-to-home video sequel film Dark Days in 2010.

Plot
The town of Barrow, Alaska (now Utqiaġvik), is preparing for its annual period of the winter with a month-long polar night. As the town gets ready, a stranger arrives from a large ship and sabotages the town's communications and transports. Barrow's sheriff, Eben Oleson, investigates and also learns that his estranged wife, Stella, missed the last plane out of town and must stay the 30 days.

That night, a band of vampires, led by Marlow, attacks and slaughters most of the townspeople, forcing Eben's family and several other survivors to take shelter in a boarded-up house with a hidden attic. In the police station holding cell, Marlow finds the stranger, who believes the vampires will "turn" him as a reward for his help. However, Marlow snaps his neck.

Eighteen days later, when a blizzard hits, the group uses the whiteout to go to the general store for supplies but gets stranded after the blizzard ends. They head for the station while Eben creates a diversion. He lures the vampires to his grandmother's house and uses one of her ultraviolet lights to severely burn Marlow's lover, forcing him to mercy-kill her. Eben is aided by Beau, the town snowplow operator, who kills many of the vampires with his tractor. Beau tries to blow himself up, but Marlow crushes his head. Eben arrives at the station, where he is then forced to kill Carter, who was bitten and has become a vampire.

On Day 27, Stella and Eben see the deputy, Billy, signaling them with a flashlight, and bring him back to the station, after finding out he killed his family to save them from a more painful death. The trio find the others have made for the utilidor, a power and sewage treatment station that still has power, and head over there, but are separated after Stella saves Gail Robbins, a young girl whose family was slaughtered by a vampire. Eben and Billy make it to the utilidor but are attacked by vampire Arvin. Billy kills Arvin but gets bitten in the process. Eben is forced to kill him when he starts to turn.

As the month comes to an end, with the sun due to rise, the vampires prepare to burn the fuel line running through the town, which will cause it to explode and destroy evidence of their presence. Realizing Stella is trapped and that he cannot beat the vampires in his current state, Eben injects himself with Billy's blood. Now a vampire, Eben confronts Marlow and after a vicious fight, manages to kill the vampire leader, causing the remaining vampires to flee. Eben and Stella go off to watch the sunrise together, sharing one last kiss. As the sun comes up, Eben's body burns to ash in Stella's arms.

Cast

 Josh Hartnett as Sheriff Eben Oleson
 Melissa George as Stella Oleson
 Danny Huston as Marlow
 Ben Foster as the Stranger
 Mark Boone Junior as Beau Brower
 Mark Rendall as Jake Oleson
 Amber Sainsbury as Denise
 Manu Bennett as Deputy Billy Kitka
 Megan Franich as Iris
 Joel Tobeck as Doug Hertz
 Elizabeth Hawthorne as Lucy Ikos
 Nathaniel Lees as Carter Davies
 Craig Hall as Wilson Bulosan
 Chic Littlewood as Isaac Bulosan
 Peter Feeney as John Riis
 Andrew Stehlin as Arvin
 John Rawls as Zurial
 Jared Turner as Aaron
 Kelson Henderson as Gabe
 Pua Magasiva as Malekai Hamm
 Grant Tilly as Gus
 Rachel Maitland-Smith as Gail
 Kate Elliott as Dawn
 Jacob Tomuri as Seth

Production

Development
30 Days of Night author Steve Niles conceived of the story in the form of a comic, but after meeting a lack of interest in initial pitches, tried to pitch it as a film. When this did not work out, Niles shelved the idea until he showed it to IDW Publishing. IDW published the comic and Ben Templesmith provided the artwork. When Niles and his agent, Jon Levin, shopped the comic around again as a potential film adaptation, Niles found that the idea "went shockingly well", with Sam Raimi and Senator International picking up the property rights based on the original concept and Templesmith's unique mood and concepts for the vampires.

According to Raimi, the potential project was "unlike the horror films of recent years".

Following the publication of the 30 Days of Night comic book miniseries in 2002, studios, including DreamWorks, MGM, and Senator International, bid in the $1 million range for rights to a potential vampire film based on the story. Raimi expressed interest in adapting the miniseries and was negotiating a production deal with his producing partner Robert Tapert to establish a label with Senator Entertainment, of which Senator International is the sales division. In July 2002, Senator International acquired the rights for 30 Days of Night in a seven-figure deal with Raimi and Tapert attached as producers.

By October 2002, Niles was working on adapting 30 Days of Night for the big screen, keeping the film true to the miniseries, though fleshing out the characters more significantly in the adaptation process. In February 2003, Columbia Pictures partnered with Senator International to work on 30 Days of Night, which was developing under Senator International's newly established production company, Ghost House Pictures. Mike Richardson, the Dark Horse Comics publisher who supported the adaptation project from the beginning, after having turned down an offer to initially publish the project, was attached as executive producer.  The following March, Richardson revealed that Steve Niles had turned in the initial draft for the 30 Days of Night screenplay. In March 2004, however, Columbia Pictures requested that Niles's initial screenplay to be rewritten in preparation for production. Sue Binder, the business manager of Ghost House Pictures, indicated that filming for 30 Days of Night was still at least a year away, as Ghost House planned to produce three films before the vampire thriller. The following May, Stuart Beattie, one of the writers for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, was rewriting Niles' 30 Days of Night draft for production. Niles was pleased with Beattie's faithfully rewritten script, which was submitted to the studio in October 2004. Adi Hasak also made uncredited contributions to the script.

In September 2005,  director David Slade was announced to have signed on to 30 Days of Night, which would be distributed by Columbia Pictures mainly in North America and Mandate Pictures in international territories. In March 2006, Slade revealed that screenwriter Brian Nelson, who wrote the screenplay for Slade's previous film Hard Candy, was writing a new draft of the 30 Days of Night script, replacing Beattie's draft.  The director said that filming would begin in summer 2006 in Alaska and New Zealand.

Casting
In June 2006,  Josh Hartnett was announced as having been cast as the husband of the married couple who serves as the town's sheriff team. Some criticized the choice because the main character (Eben Olemaun, with the last name changed to Oleson for the motion picture adaptation) was originally Inuk in the comics. Melissa George joined the 30 Days of Night cast as a sheriff and wife of Hartnett's character. Danny Huston joined the cast as the leader of the vampires.

Filming
Filming did not begin immediately, but in a September 2006 interview, executive producer Mike Richardson said that 30 Days of Night would be shot on 35 mm film, though  discussion had occurred to shoot the film on Genesis.  In an interview prior to filming, Slade explained that the illustrations by Ben Templesmith would be reflected in production design. Slade also considered Nelson's draft to be the most faithful to the graphic novel. He also stated his intention to make a "scary vampire film", of which he did not think many existed. "The rest of them, they fall into all kinds of traps. We're going to try to do our best... and one of the ways we have to do it is be more naturalistic than the graphic novel, because it's very over-the-top," said Slade.  Also, concern was expressed that while the vampires needed to communicate, talking might lessen the effect. To counter this, a fictional vampire language, with click consonants, was constructed with the help of a professor of linguistics and the nearby University of Auckland.  Slade explained, "we designed this really simple language that didn't sound like any particular accent that you would be aware of, that was based around really simple actions, eating, hunting, yes, no, really basic, because that's what vampires do."

Post-production
By February 2007, the production phase was completed, and a rough cut of the film was prepared.  In April, composer Brian Reitzell was hired to score the film.

Music
Brian Reitzell composed the film's score, with Justin Meldal-Johnsen performing. A soundtrack was released by Invada Records, with an artwork by Marc Bessant in summer 2015 on vinyl.

Novelization
To coincide with the film's release, a novelization by Tim Lebbon was published by Pocket Star on September 25, 2007. It is one of six novels based on the franchise.

Release

Box office
30 Days of Night was released in 2,855 cinemas in the United States and Canada on October 19, 2007. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $16 million, placing first in the box office. The film grossed $39.7 million in the United States and Canada and $35.7 million overseas for a total of $75.3 million worldwide.

Critical reception
On the review aggregation site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 51% based on 157 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's critics consensus states: "While 30 Days of Night offers a few thrills, it ultimately succumbs to erratic execution." Metacritic reports a weighted average score of 53 out of 100 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Roger Ebert gave the film 2.5 stars out of a possible 4. He criticized several plot holes, such as the vampires moving with supernatural speed in some attacks, but ponderous slowness in others, but also singled out Danny Huston for being "quite convincing" as the vampire leader, and summed up the film as "well-made, well-photographed, and plausibly acted, and is better than it needs to be."

Home media
30 Days of Night was released February 26, 2008 on DVD, Blu-ray, and UMD for PlayStation Portable in the United States. DVD  sales brought in $26,949,780 in revenue, from 1,429,600 sold DVD units. This does not include Blu-ray sales. The DVD is a single disc and includes eight featurettes, one of which is a full episode of the anime Blood+. The UK Region 2 release is a two-disc special edition, released in April 2008. Despite being exactly the same as the theatrical release, the BBFC reclassified the film from a 15 to an 18. Though it still only has the eight featurettes on the second disc, it includes a bonus 30 Days of Night graphic novel.

TV series, prequels, and sequel
A prequel miniseries Blood Trails was released in 2007.

A sequel miniseries Dust to Dust was released in 2008.

A straight-to-DVD sequel entitled Dark Days was released on October 5, 2010. The script for the sequel was written by Steve Niles and Ben Ketai with Ketai also positioned as director. When filming began on October 20, 2009, Rhys Coiro and Mia Kirshner were named as leads, with Kirshner playing the lead vampire villain Lilith. Other cast named included Harold Perrineau, Kiele Sanchez, Diora Baird, Rhys Coiro, and Monique Ganderton.  Three days after filming began, Niles revealed that Kiele Sanchez replaced Melissa George in the role of Stella Oleson. The sequel was produced on a lower budget, but being straight-to-video allowed the writers to more closely follow the comic book.

See also
 Frostbite, a Swedish 2006 vampire film with similar theme
 Vampire film

References

External links

  at Ghost House Pictures
 Steve Niles Interview for 30 Days of Night at UGO.com
 Official multiplayer game for the film
  Composer Brian Reitzell discusses his score for 30 Days of Night

30 Days of Night (franchise)
2007 films
2000s English-language films
2007 horror films
2000s supernatural horror films
American supernatural horror films
American monster movies
Apocalyptic films
Fiction about familicide
Films based on American comics
Films directed by David Slade
Films produced by Sam Raimi
Films with screenplays by Stuart Beattie
Films set in 2007
Films set in Alaska
Films shot in New Zealand
2000s monster movies
American vampire films
Dark Horse Entertainment films
Ghost House Pictures films
Columbia Pictures films
Live-action films based on comics
IDW Publishing adaptations
2000s American films

30 Days of Night (film)


Vice Admiral Charles Thomas Curme (2 August 1827 – 19 February 1892) was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, The Nore.

Naval career
Curme joined the Royal Navy in 1841. Promoted to captain in 1864, he commanded HMS Repulse, HMS Duncan and then HMS Indus. He was made Admiral Superintendent of Devonport dockyard in 1880 and in that role opposed the appointment of civil assistants in dockyards believing dockyards should be run by naval officers. He became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1890 and died in office two years later.

References

1827 births
1892 deaths
Royal Navy vice admirals

Charles Curme


The Durfort family is an old French noble family, distinguished in French and English history. It originated as feudal lords of Durfort, Tarn, a village of south-western France.

Middle Ages

Though earlier lords are known, the pedigree of the family is only clearly traceable to

 Arnaud de Durfort (fl. 1305), who acquired the fief of Duras by his marriage with a niece of Pope Clement V.
Gaillard I de Durfort (died 1356/7), son of preceding
Gaillard II de Durfort (died 1422), son of preceding, seneschal of Gascony
Gaillard III de Durfort (died 1452), son of preceding, seneschal of Landes
Gaillard IV de Durfort (died 1482)

17th century

The greatness of the family dates, however, from the 17th century.

Guy Aldonce (1605–1665), marquis de Duras and comte de Rozan, had, by his wife Elizabeth de la Tour d'Auvergne, sister of Marshal Turenne, six sons, three of whom played a distinguished part.
Jacques Henri, the eldest son (1625–1704), was governor of Franche-Comté in 1674 and was created a marshal of France for his share in the conquest of that province (1675).
Guy Aldonce, the second son (1630–1702), comte de Lorges and duc de Quintin (known as the duc de Lorges), became a marshal of France in 1676, commanded the army in Germany from 1690 to 1695, and captured Heidelberg in 1693.
Louis, the sixth son (1640–1709), became Earl of Feversham under James II of England.

18th century

Jean Baptiste (1684–1770), duc de Duras, son of Jacques Henri, was also a marshal of France. In 1733 he resigned the dukedom of Duras to his son, Emmanuel Felicité, himself receiving the brevet title of duc de Durfort.
Guy Michel de Durfort (1704–1773), duc de Lorges and Randan, marshal of France.
Emmanuel Felicité (1715–1789), duc de Duras, took part in all the wars of Louis XV and was made a marshal of France in 1775.
His grandson, Amedée Bretagne Maio (1771–1838), duc de Duras, is mainly known as the husband of Claire Louise Rose Bonne de Coetnempren de Kersaint (1778–1828), daughter of Armand Guy Simon de Coetnempren Kersaint, who, as duchesse de Duras, presided over a once celebrated salon and wrote several novels once widely read.

Durfort-Civrac

The family of Durfort was later represented in France by the branch of Durfort-Civrac, dating from the 16th century.

Jean Laurent (1746–1826), marquis de Civrac, married his cousin, the daughter of the duc de Lorges; his son,
Guy Emeric Anne (1767–1837), duc de Civrac, became afterwards duc de Lorges.
Henri, marquis de Durfort-Civrac (1812–1884), was a well-known politician, and was several times elected vice-president of the Chamber of Deputies.

References

French noble families
English families
Marshals of France

Durfort family


The Sturt Football Club, nicknamed The Double Blues, is a semi-professional Australian rules football club based in the suburb of Unley, South Australia, which plays in the South Australian National Football League.

Founded in 1901 by the Sturt Cricket Club, the club initially struggled to make the finals, however, in 1915 they won their first Premiership. After several decades of substantial finals appearances and a few premiership wins, Sturt entered a period of success, winning seven premierships from 1966 to 1976 under coach Jack Oatey.

Sturt has a total of 15 premierships, eleven Magarey Medallists and two Night Premierships.

Sturt wear Oxford and Cambridge Blue reflecting the street names on which their home ground is based. Sturt play their home games at the 15,000 capacity Unley Oval and their club song is named It's a grand old flag.

History

Establishment
The Sturt Football club was established on 14 March 1901 following a meeting convened at the Unley Town Hall by the Sturt Cricket Club (established on August 9, 1890 by Arthur C Thomas) and attended by delegates from local junior teams, footballers and residents it was decided to establish a senior football club in the Sturt Electoral Division based around Unley to join the SAFA. Sturt is named after the Australian explorer Charles Sturt. The club used the two shades of blue of Oxford and Cambridge Universities as its home ground, Unley Oval, is situated on the junction of Oxford Terrace and Cambridge Terrace, hence the nickname of "Double Blues". Sturt played its first SAFA game against Norwood at Norwood Oval, losing by 33 points.

Sturt enjoyed little success initially and struggled to make the finals. In 1909, the club was strengthened by a number of interstate players enticed by offers of employment and accommodation and in 1910, Sturt played in their first Grand Final, losing to Port Adelaide.

First success

The first premiership came in 1915 with a two-goal Grand Final win over Port Adelaide. The competition was suspended during the First World War, being established in 1919 when Sturt faced North Adelaide in the Grand Final. Despite giving up a big lead early, Sturt fought back and forced a draw. In a low scoring replay the following week, Sturt kicked its only three goals of the match in the last quarter (the last coming with thirty seconds remaining) to win by five points (23–18) and secure consecutive premierships four years apart.

Sturt won another premiership in 1926 defeating North Adelaide again by 64–51, with Vic Richardson after he was not selected for the 1925 Ashes cricket tour of England.

Between 1930 and 1941, Sturt played in five Grand Finals, winning in 1932 (v. North Adelaide by 110–69) and 1940 when the team beat South Adelaide (100–79). From 1942 to 1944, Sturt combined with South Adelaide to compete in a restricted wartime competition.

Golden era
From 1945 to 1961, despite the efforts of triple Magarey Medalist Len Fitzgerald, Sturt performed poorly, "winning" five wooden spoons and failing to make a Grand Final. In 1962, former Norwood and South Melbourne player and West Adelaide coach Jack Oatey was appointed coach and began to institute an innovative style of play that would modernise the game and influence the style of football played Australia wide.

Sturt showed gradual improvement in Oatey's first years, finishing 6th in 1963 and third in 1964. In 1965, it reached the grand final and before 62,543 (a SANFL record until 1976 and the highest Adelaide Oval crowd to this day), fell short by just 3 points against Port Adelaide. In 1966, Sturt gained revenge on Port Adelaide, doubling its score (16.16 to 8.8) winning its first premiership in 26 years and entering a period of dominance that saw them win seven premierships in eleven years, including five in a row between 1966 and 1970.

Sturt's 1967 and 1968 grand final wins were again at the expense of Port Adelaide. Sturt won the 1969 Grand Final beating Glenelg who had included the Richmond star Royce Hart for his only game for the club. Hart was eligible to play in the SANFL due to his posting to Adelaide as a National Service soldier. Sturt completed its fifth successive premiership with another win over Glenelg in a rain-affected 1970 grand final.

The 1976 Grand Final win over Port Adelaide was dominated by ruckman Rick Davies. Before a record Football Park crowd of 66,897, Sturt entered the final as rank outsiders. Davies, sensing early pressure from Port, positioned himself in the back lines in the first quarter. In an often quoted anecdote, coach Jack Oatey turned to runner David ( Daffy ) Edwards and said:'What's he doing down there? I didn't put him down there. I run this side. Go and ask him what he thinks he's up to." After Davies had taken his fourth strong mark, Edwards came back with the news: "He says he's down there getting kicks, that's where the ball is". Oatey's response: "Course he is. He's a champion isn't he?" Rick Davies dominated the final with 21 kicks, 21 handballs, 21 hit outs and 15 marks, with Sturt winning by 41 points. Captain Paul Bagshaw described the win as "Sturt's finest hour".

Jack Oatey's legacy has continued to influence football in South Australia. Since their inception into the AFL, the Adelaide Crows have embodied much of the approach to the game that Oatey pioneered. Oatey is also credited with popularising the checkside punt, a kicking style that causes the ball to bend away from the body. In the 1968 Grand Final against Port Adelaide Football Club, Peter Endersbee used the checkside punt to kick two goals in the space of a few minutes turning the game in Sturt's favour. Since 1981, the Jack Oatey Medal has been awarded to the best player in the SANFL Grand Final.

Drought

After Oatey's retirement at the end 1982, Sturt under coaches John Halbert and former Richmond star Mervyn Keane reached the Grand Final of 1983 with a reinvented Davies kicking 151 goals, but fluctuated in the following five years. Committee dissatisfaction with Keane, however, led to Sturt churning through five coaches and receiving a SANFL record eight consecutive wooden spoons  between 1989 and 1996, including a winless season in 1995 when the team actually did not get within four goals of any of its twenty-two opponents. A joint bid with Norwood in 1994 to enter the AFL was rejected in favour of Port Adelaide. Facing financial difficulties, mergers with South Adelaide ("Southern Blues") and North Adelaide were proposed by the SANFL and the club's board. This was opposed by supporters who, along with former players, raised the required $250,000 in two weeks to keep the club in existence. Sturt returned to its original home ground Unley Oval in 1998, having moved its home games to Adelaide Oval from 1986.

Resurgence
Under Phil Carman, Sturt reached the Grand Final in 1998, losing to Port Adelaide by nine points. Damian Squire was recruited from North Adelaide the following year and won consecutive Magarey medals in 1999–2000. Jade Sheedy and Tim Weatherald went on to share the award in 2002. Sturt, under first-year coach Brenton Phillips, played Central Districts in the 2002 SANFL Grand Final. After struggling to beat Central Districts in four prior attempts in the 2002 season, the Double Blues emerged triumphant on Grand Final day, doubling the Bulldogs' score to win by 47 points. It was the club's first premiership in 26 years.

Six days after the win, several of the club's players and support staff were celebrating the win at the Sari Club in Bali when the Bali bombing incident occurred. Player Josh Deegan and trainer Bob Marshall were killed.

Near-closure and Back-to-Back Premierships
Sturt finished fifth in 2010 and 9th in 2011. After champion goal kicker Brant Chambers departed at the end of Season 2010, the club endured disappointing seasons in 2011 and 2012, finishing bottom in each year. Poor results in both seasons plus off field mismanagement resulted in a club debt of $2.2 million and almost saw the club to the grave, as reports in early 2013 stated that the club "went perilously close to closing its doors". Sturt finished seventh in 2013, but returned to the finals in 2014 finishing 3rd after the minor round only to lose in straight sets to Norwood and South Adelaide in the Qualifying and 1st Semi Finals. In 2015, Sturt finished 8th with the poor result bringing on the departure of then part-time coach Seamus Maloney.

2016 saw Sturt mount a resurgence under new coach and former premiership player Martin Mattner. The Blues Finished 3rd after the home and away season and started the final series by beating South Adelaide in the Qualifying final. They then lost to the Eagles in the second semi final but won
the Preliminary Final against the Adelaide Crows a week later, by 35 points to set up a Grand Final match against Eagles. They then went on to win the 2016 premiership. The following year the Double Blues recovered from a disappointing start to their season going 0-4 to finish in the top 3 once again. They accounted for Central in the Qualifying final, lost to Port Adelaide in the Second Semi final and beat the red hot favorites the Eagles in the Preliminary final to set up a Grand Final against arch rival Port Adelaide. Sturt then went on to claim a thrilling one-point win against Port Adelaide in the 2017 Grand Final, achieving the rare back-to-back premiers feat.

Sturt entered a team in the SANFL Women's competition in 2018.

Home Grounds
From the club's inception in 1901 until 1986, the Sturt Football Club played their home games at the Unley Oval. The largest attendance at Unley was set in Round 9 of the 1968 season when 22,015 crammed into the oval to see Sturt play long time rivals Port Adelaide. The unofficial ground record attendance at Unley was set on 9 June 1924 when an estimated 24,000 saw Sturt play Norwood.

In 1987 the club moved its home games to the Adelaide Oval, a move that proved unpopular with fans. After the move, the City of Unley turned the oval into a public park by removing the boundary fence, though the Jack Oatey Stand and the Members Stand remained in place. In 1996, the club negotiated with the Unley council for a return to Unley and after playing a couple of games there in 1997, Sturt permanently moved back to their original home in 1998 which coincided with the club's first Grand Final appearance since 1983.

Before 2014, Sturt was forced to hire Unley Oval for each SANFL home game, due to the councils wish that the oval remain a public park as well as paying for temporary fencing to be erected for each home game. The use of temporary fencing ended in 2014 when a white picket fence was erected at the oval.

Unley Oval was renamed Peter Motley Oval in 2015 in honour of the former two-time Sturt club champion.

Unley Oval (1901–1986, 1997–present)
Adelaide Oval (1987–1997)

Club records
Record Attendance at Unley Oval (confirmed): 22,015 v Port Adelaide in Round 9, 1968
Record Attendance: 66,897 v Port Adelaide at Football Park, 1976 SANFL Grand Final
Record Attendance since Adelaide Football Club formation (1991): 44,838 v Port Adelaide at Football Park, 1998 SANFL Grand Final
Most Games: 360 by Paul Bagshaw (1964–80)
Most Goals in a Season: 151 by Rick Davies in 1983
Most Goals for the Club: 672 by Brant Chambers (2001–10)
First player to kick 100 goals in an SANFL season: Ted Biggs (1934)
Most Years as Coach: 21 by Jack Oatey (1962–1982)
Most Years as Captain: 8 by Paul Bagshaw (1973–1980) and Chris Thredgold (1995–2002)
Most Premierships as Captain: 3 by John Halbert (1966, 1967, 1968)
Most Best & Fairest Awards: 7 by Rick Davies (1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980)
Highest Score: 32.19 (211) v Woodville 19.14 (128) at Woodville Oval in Round 4, 1974

Honours

Club

Individual

Magarey Medalists

Jack Oatey Medalists

Hall of Fame
Sturt launched its Hall of Fame in 2004, with 19 inaugural inductees. There were further inductions in 2006 and 2009. Like other SANFL clubs, the players and officials are divided into broad historical eras during which they represented the club.

 Members with names in bold are also in the South Australian Football Hall of Fame
 Members with an asterisk* next to their names are also in the Australian Football Hall of Fame

Team of the Century

Current playing list

Club song
The Sturt Football Club's song is "It's A Grand Old Flag".

Sung to tune of "You're A Grand Old Flag".

It's a Grand old flag, It's a high-flying flag
It's the emblem for me and for you
It's the emblem of the team we love
The team of the old Double Blues
Every heart beats true for the old Double Blues
As we sing this song to you.........what do we sing?
Should old acquaintance be forgot
''Oh keep your eye on the Old Double Blues!'

References

External links

 The Sturt Football Club Scrapbook & Supporters Forum
 Full Points Footy History of Sturt Football Club

South Australian National Football League clubs
SANFL Women's League
Australian rules football clubs in South Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Australian rules football clubs established in 1901
Sports clubs and teams in Adelaide

Sturt Football Club


The 2001 Gujarat cyclone was the third strongest tropical cyclone, in terms of barometric pressure, to form in the Arabian Sea on record; only Cyclones Gonu in 2007 and Kyarr in 2019 were stronger. The storm originated from a tropical disturbance that formed east of Somalia on May 18. Over the following few days, the system gradually organized into a tropical depression. Tracking eastward, towards the coastline of southwestern India, the storm slowly intensified. Shortly before reaching shore, the system turned north and later west, away from land. After taking this turn, the storm intensified into a very severe cyclonic storm, attaining its peak intensity on May 24 with winds of 215 km/h (130 mph 3-minute winds) and a barometric pressure of 932 mbar (hPa). At the time, this ranked the cyclone as the strongest known storm in the Arabian Sea.

After stalling several hundred kilometres offshore, the storm weakened over cooler waters that it had upwelled. By May 27, the system weakened to a cyclonic storm and by this time was approaching the northwestern coastline of India, near Gujarat. The following day, the storm made landfall in the Saurashtra region as a deep depression with winds of 55 km/h (35 mph 3-minute winds). The depression quickly weakened after moving inland and dissipated early on May 29.

Although a powerful cyclone over water, the storm had relatively little impact over land. In the Valsad district, two coastal communities lost a combined 200 homes due to large swells produced by the storm. However, the losses were more extensive offshore. Between 120 and 900 fishermen were listed as missing after contact was lost with their vessels during the storm.

Meteorological history

The origins of the 2001 Gujarat cyclone can be traced to a tropical disturbance over the Arabian Sea on May 18. The following day, the system was determined to be relatively stationary near the island of Socotra. Although deep convection was associated with the disturbance, there was no evidence of a low-level circulation. By May 20, the disturbance slowly moved towards the southeast in response to an upper-level trough over India. The overall structure gradually improved as good outflow developed. A mid-level circulation finally developed late on May 21, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Several hours later, they began monitoring the system as a tropical depression with the identifier 01A; however, operational advisories were not issued until the cyclone was estimated to have attained tropical storm intensity. By the morning of May 22, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) also took notice of the system.

Situated in a region favoring tropical cyclone development about  southwest of Mumbai, India, the storm rapidly developed. By the afternoon of May 22, the JTWC estimated that 01A attained winds of , equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. Additionally, a -wide eye developed within the center of circulation during this intensification phase. Throughout most of May 22, the strengthening slowed considerably as it paralleled the southwestern coast of India. Initially, it was feared that the storm would move inland as a powerful cyclone; however, a ridge over the northern Arabian Sea caused the storm to turn westward, back over open water. Once further away from land, the cyclone resumed intensification, becoming a rare, Category 3 equivalent storm by the morning of May 24. Later that morning, 01A attained its peak intensity with winds of , according to the JTWC. However, the IMD considered the storm to be slightly stronger, estimating that it attained winds of  by three-minute sustained winds along with a barometric pressure of 932 mbar (hPa; ).

At the time of peak intensity, the cyclone displayed a well-defined eye and excellent outflow. Although a powerful storm, it quickly weakened as conditions became hostile for tropical cyclone development. Strong wind shear tore convection away from the cyclone and caused it to become disorganized. Within 48 hours, the system had degraded to a tropical storm and was situated roughly  west-southwest of Mumbai. The weakening trend lessened shortly thereafter but still continued. Operationally, the JTWC issued their final advisory on the cyclone on May 28 as it weakened to a tropical depression over open waters. The once powerful cyclone, now devoid of all convection, tracked towards the northwestern coast of India. During the afternoon of May 29, the cyclone rapidly regenerated as it made landfall in Gujarat. The JTWC estimated that it crossed the coastline with winds of . Not long after moving overland, the system rapidly weakened and dissipated over India within several hours.

Preparations and impact
Ahead of the storm, all ports in Gujarat, including Kandla, one of the largest in the country, were closed as a precautionary measure. On May 25, over 10,000 people were evacuated from coastal areas in the threatened region. Throughout India, a total of 118,800 people were evacuated and 100,000 more were evacuated in Pakistan. The Indian military was placed on standby to undertake search-and-rescue missions immediately after the storms' passage. Fourteen districts of Gujarat were placed on red alert, the highest level of preparedness. Seven emergency control centers were set up across the country and officials alerted hospitals and fire crews about the approaching storm.

Several relief agencies were already positioned in the region in response to a magnitude 7.7 earthquake in January of that year that killed over 20,000 people. Additional disaster relief teams were deployed to the region to further prepare residents for the cyclone. Food, water and other necessities were stored and ready to be provided to victims of the storm. Large swells produced by the storm affected a large portion of the western Indian coastline, especially in the city of Bombay. In the Valsad district, two coastal communities lost a combined 200 homes due to large swells produced by the storm. Offshore, between 1,500 and 2,000 fishing vessels had lost contact with the mainland. Later reports indicated that between 120 and 900 fishermen had gone missing as a result of the cyclone.

Records
Operationally, the cyclone was considered to be a Category 4 equivalent storm by the JTWC, with peak winds of . This would have made the system the first recorded storm of that intensity on record in the Arabian Sea. However, in post-storm analysis, it was discovered that 1-minute winds did not exceed . The next storm to reach this intensity was Cyclone Gonu in 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, which became the first known super cyclonic storm in the region. Upon attaining its peak intensity, the storm attained a barometric pressure of 932 mbar (hPa), the lowest in the region at the time. The cyclone was ranked as the strongest in the Arabian Sea for six years until it was surpassed by Gonu in 2007, which attained a minimum pressure of 920 mbar (hPa). In 2010, Cyclone Phet surpassed the 2001 cyclone as the second-strongest storm in the region, attaining winds of , according to the JTWC. Again it was surpassed to sixth place as Cyclone Kyarr, Cyclone Chapala, Cyclone Tauktae and Cyclone Nilofar surpassed its windspeed intensity as they become category 4 tropical cyclones in later years. Now this cyclone is tied with Cyclone Megh for sixth strongest cyclone in Arabian Sea based on windspeed of one minute mean.

See also

2001 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Cyclone Gonu
List of the most intense tropical cyclones

References

External links
India Meteorological Department
Joint Typhoon Warning Center

Extremely severe cyclonic storms
India Cyclone, 2001
Tropical cyclones in India
Tropical cyclones in Pakistan
Tropical cyclones in 2001

2001 Gujarat cyclone


is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Ei Itou. The manga was serialized in the Japanese seinen manga magazine Comic Gum between January 26, 2005 and November 26, 2007, published by Wani Books. The manga has been licensed by Los Angeles-based company Seven Seas Entertainment for distribution in the English language. The first English-bound volume was released on June 30, 2007 with the second and third being released on November 28, 2007 and July 8, 2008, respectively. The fourth volume was released in December 2008.

Plot
Tetragrammaton Labyrinth is set in alternate c.1900 industrial London, wherein Scotland Yard doesn't interfere with Meg Cross, a nun with a special talent in exorcism, and her eternally youthful partner Angela who deal with extraordinary crimes. To keep mankind safe from the creatures that lurk in the shadows Meg and Angela continue to exterminate demons and bring demon summoners to justice.

Characters

More commonly referred to as Meg. At first look she is a nun who acts as guardian to Angela.  Both of them are in service to the Organization, whose work consists of fighting demons. Her weapon of choice is a gun. She also relies on her Christian faith, which in the story can be utilized as magical power. Volume 3 reveals that the relation of Meg to Angela is nearly the reverse of first appearances. Years ago Angela had declared that because Meg was tainted by a demon, it was best for young Meg to die so that she could go to heaven. Young Meg wanted so much to live that Angela relented and took Meg under her protection. As Meg grew into a young adult, their public roles reversed so that Meg took on the role of Angela's caretaker. According to Angela, the cross Meg wears suspended around her neck serves a special purpose as a safety valve.

The eternally twelve-year-old partner of Meg. Angela can not die, and therefore she cannot go to heaven, though she wishes very much that she could. She says that so long as Meg needs her, she will exist and will be there for her. As revealed in Volume 4, many centuries ago Gilles de Rais had massacred all the children of a village. Angela had not died, but had lost her soul instead. Angela had found a new meaning to her existence when she met and protected young Meg Cross, as Meg was the first person she had met who truly needed her. Angela's weapon of choice is a scythe.

The Organization
Created by Angela to protect her and serve as her eyes and ears. Members of the Organization include The Professor, who provides Angela with a new scythe; Bianca, the Professor's assistant; the Magus; Trude Kurtz, a daughter of The Magus; and Gertrude Kurtz, the younger daughter of The Magus.

A Scotland Yard police detective. When a demon possesses a woman he was close to, Meg and Angela confront the demon possessing her. Wise interferes, delaying Meg and Angela to the point that they can no longer save Edith's life. Detective Wise assists Angela in the fight against the demon, succeeding in killing Edith in time so that Edith's soul could go to heaven. He returns to the story as a recruit of the Organization, assisting Meg and Angela in their second fight against the demon Prelati.

Hisame is a miko from the east in search of a treasured sword that was stolen when war broke out in her country. While their first encounter is confrontational, she is later recruited into the Organization and assists Meg and Angela.

References

External links
Tetragrammaton Labyrinth at Seven Seas Entertainment

2005 manga
Action anime and manga
Horror anime and manga
Seinen manga
Seven Seas Entertainment titles
Wani Books manga
Yuri (genre) anime and manga

Tetragrammaton Labyrinth


América TV (call sign LS 86) is an Argentine television channel. Its headquarters is in the city of La Plata, Buenos Aires. Its signal is produced in the city of Buenos Aires.

Controversies

 In August 2005. "Television Registrada", one of the channel's most popular programs, invited Mario Pontaquarto as a "critic", one of those involved in the famous bribery case in the Argentinean National Senate in 2000. According to the producer of this program, Diego Gvirtz, this made Rolando Graña, journalistic director of the channel, censor the program without the production's consent before it was broadcast. Due to this, the production company PPT decided to break its contract with America and move to Channel 13 with its products "Television Registrada" and "Indomables".
 Trespoderes was a journalistic program broadcast by this channel, hosted by Reynaldo Sietecase, Maximiliano Montenegro and Gerardo Rozin where Argentina's politics and economy were discussed. On June 7, 2009, in the campaign for the legislative elections of that year, Francisco De Narváez, candidate for national deputy for Unión Pro and one of the channel's shareholders, was interviewed. The interview included mentions of the accusations of illicit enrichment made by the newspaper Página/12 about the candidate. At the end of the program, while Sietecase was making an editorial about journalists and media owners, he cut off the transmission and started "La cornisa", the program that followed him. According to Sietecase, this fact, added to the neutral stance taken by Tres Poderes during the debate on the Law of Audiovisual Communication Services, determined the lifting of the cycle in November 2009, one month before the end of the contract. Another program, Lado Salvaje, hosted by Sietecase and Montenegro on A24 channel, was also the victim of unequal conditions that led to its closure. Likewise, the Sietecase column was raised on Rosario's LT8 radio. América TV only issued a statement attributing the uprisings of Trespoderes and Lado Salvaje to the termination of the contracts. It should be clarified that all the media mentioned belong to the same Grupo Uno.

References

Television channels in Argentina
1966 establishments in South America

América TV


Joseph Lepaute Dagelet (1751–1788) was a French astronomer, clockmaker and mathematician who accompanied Lapérouse on his scientific circumnavigation, in the course of which he perished in the final shipwreck of the expedition. Dagelet's astronomical sightings gave precision to the maps posthumously published in the official Atlas du Voyage de la Perouse (Paris: L'Imprimerie de la Republique, An V, 1797).

Young Dagelet arrived in Paris in 1767, welcomed by his uncles the renowned clockmakers Jean-André and Jean-Baptiste Lepaute, who held the brevet horlogers du Roi. Through his aunt, Nicole-Reine Lepaute, wife of Jean-André, he discovered his aptitude for astronomy. From his arrival until 1772 he studied in the observatory of the Collège Mazarin, where he was guided by Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande.

In 1773 he departed for the South Seas with the expedition of Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec; on his return he was made professor of mathematics at the École Militaire, Paris.

Dagelet is known particularly for having calculated the distance between the center of Mercury and the Sun and for his map of the solar eclipse of 1778. Dagelet discovered WY Sagittae, a nova in Sagitta (27-29 July 1783) and was a scientific observer of the balloon ascent of Jacques Alexandre César Charles from the Champ de Mars, Paris, 27 August 1783.

He presented his observations of the planets and stars to the Académie des sciences and was received as adjoint and then named astronomer to the Academy in 1785, the year he embarked at Brest on the fatal expedition.

After extensively mapping and recording the coastlines of North America, Japan, Korea and Siberia, Lapérouse was directed by the French government to go to Botany Bay to observe the founding of the British Colony by the First Fleet. On 26 January 1788 Lapérouse arrived at Botany Bay, just as the British were leaving for Port Jackson. The French ships stayed at Botany Bay for six weeks and built a stockade, observatory and a garden for fresh produce on the La Perouse peninsula. At Botany Bay Dagelet undertook calculations on map position of Botany Bay, carried out astronomical observations and met with William Dawes at Port Jackson. Dawes volunteered for service with the First Fleet and sailed on the Sirius. From February 1788, he was employed on shore to build an observatory at Dawes Point. Following this meeting Dagelet sent a letter to Dawes (1762-1836) with advice to Dawes on setting up his observatory, recent work on the fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field and calculations on maps positions of Botany Bay.

The island of Dagelet, named in his honour, is now known by its Korean name, Ulleungdo. In Alaska, Mount Dagelet still bears his name.

Notes

18th-century French astronomers
Members of the French Academy of Sciences

Joseph Lepaute Dagelet


The blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi), also known as the Grand Cayman iguana,  or Cayman Island blue iguana, is an endangered species of lizard endemic to the island of Grand Cayman.

The blue iguana is the largest native land animal on Grand Cayman. It has a length from nose-to-tail of . It is tan to gray in color with a bluish cast (more so in males and during breeding season). It is large and heavy-bodied with a dorsal crest of short spines running from the bottom of the neck to the end of the tail. It weighs as much as .
The blue iguana is one of the longest-living lizards: the record is 67 years.

The iguana prefers rocky, sunlit, open areas in dry forests or near the shore.  The blue iguana's herbivorous diet is plants, fruits and flowers. Fossil records suggest there were many blue iguanas before European settlement; but less than 15 of them were left in the wild in 2003, which were predicted to disappear within a few years. Their decline is due to predators like feral pets (cats and dogs) and also the destruction of their natural habitat. Fruit farms have been turned into pasture for cattle grazing.

Since 2004, hundreds of bred and collected blue iguanas have been led into a reserve on Grand Cayman. In this way it is hoped to save the species. At least five non-profit organizations are working with the government of the Cayman Islands to ensure this. The conservancy program has released over 700 captive bred Grand Cayman blue iguanas since the 2004 all-time low of 12 remaining animals.

References

Other websites

Blue Iguana Recovery Program (B.I.R.P.)

Iguania
Reptiles of North America

Blue iguana


The  (English: "Church of the Angel Raphael") is a church in Venice, northern Italy, located in the Dorsoduro sestiere. San Raffaele Arcangelo church is one of the only two churches in Venice that are possible to walk all around. It is located in Dorsoduro neighbourhood, close to San Basilio water bus stop.

History
According to tradition, this church was one of the eight churches founded in Venice by St Magnus of Oderzo. The church suffered fires in 889, 1106 and 1149, each time being rebuilt. At the beginning of the 17th century the edifice was in poor condition, and was therefore demolished and rebuilt. Works were finished in 1743–1749.

The church plan is a Greek cross, with the façade facing a minor canal named after the church, rio dell'Angelo Raffaele. The interior houses sculptures by Sebastiano Mariani and Michelangelo Morlaiter. Among the statues is one of the Archangel Raphael leading a boy with a fish; the archangel was a patron saint of fishermen.

The center ceiling of the nave and the Baptistry has a decoration by Francesco Fontebasso. The present organ was built in 1821 by the brothers Antonio and Agostino Callido, son of the more famous organ maker, Gaetano Callido. It was restored by Giacomo Bazzani and his sons in 1848, and more recently by the Tamburini family.

This small church is in a distant corner of Venice; it is best known for the painted organ doors depicting the Story of Tobias, attributed to the late 18th century vedutista Gianantonio Guardi. While Guardi is also known for his misty lagoon vistas of Venice, in this religious painting the scene explodes with scintillating brushstrokes. It is a parting demonstration that the Venetian school still had a flash of originality. The  (touch painting) world of these paintings exists in a world where clouds and bodies are feathered with color. A last firework of paint dabbed just a few decades before the real blasts of Napoleonic grapeshot were heard by the last Doge.

Additional works in the church include:
Assumption of the Virgin by Andrea Vicentino (first altar on right)
St Francis receives the Stigmata by Palma il Giovane (second altar on right)
Last Supper by Andrea del Friso
Last Supper by Bonifacio Veronese
St Alvise Bishop with Saints Sebastian, Jerome, and John the Evangelist by Francesco Fontebasso
The Centurion before Christ by Andrea del Friso
St Helena finds the True Cross by Giovanni Battista Zelotti

Exterior

Interior

References

The Churches of Venice :  Dorsoduro : Angelo Raffaele

Roman Catholic churches completed in 1749
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Italy
Raffaele

Angelo San Raffaele, Venice