Joseph Tamale Mirundi (born 1964)is a Ugandan journalist, author and political analyst who appears on the STV political show Sharp Talk with Tamale Mirundi . In 2022, Tamale opened up an online newspaper where he publishes news and information named Kab News. He previously appeared on NBS Television on the One on One show. He is a former presidential press secretary, and media advisor.

Tamale was a part-time writer for the newspaper Munno before he became a professional journalist. In 2017, he was suspended from the One On One show for use of abusive language. He was rewarded by President Yoweri Museveni with a new car for his media work. He also predicted the downfall of Eric Sakwa. He has predicted that the party People Power, Our Power under Bobi Wine will have more seats after the 2021 elections. In 2015, his first wife Juliet Nassimbwa wanted to divorce him due to political differences. He alleged that he was poisoned in 2019. He was also taken to court by lawyer Mabirizi over defamation. In 2015, the judges urged president Museveni to fire him over inciting violence in the citizens. As of 16 June 2020, Tamale has ended his appearances on the One on One  show at NBS Television. The following day he announced that the show would be available on Facebook and YouTube until further notice.

References

Ugandan writers
Ugandan politicians
Ugandan journalists
Ugandan television journalists
1964 births
Living people

Tamale Mirundi


The ASM-A-1 Tarzon, also known as VB-13, was a guided bomb developed by the United States Army Air Forces during the late 1940s. Mating the guidance system of the earlier Razon radio-controlled weapon with a British Tallboy  bomb, the ASM-A-1 saw brief operational service in the Korean War before being withdrawn from service in 1951.

Design and development
Development of the VB-13 Tarzon began in February 1945, with Bell Aircraft being awarded a contract by the United States Army Air Forces for the development of a very large guided bomb. The VB-13 was a combination of a radio-command guidance system as used on the smaller VB-3 Razon ('Range And azimuth only') guided bomb with the British-developed Tallboy  "earthquake" bomb, known to the USAAF as M112. The 'Tarzon' name was a portmanteau, combining Tallboy, range and azimuth only, describing the weapon and guidance system; and was pronounced similarly to that of "Tarzan", the popular "ape-man" fictional character.

The VB-13, redesignated ASM-A-1 in 1948, was developed under the project code MX-674. It had an annular wing around the midsection of its body, mounted near the weapon's center of gravity. At the rear of the bomb was an octagonal tail surface containing the Razon control surfaces. Intended to be carried by the Boeing B-29 Superfortress bomber, the Tarzon bomb used the combination of AN/ARW-38 [Joint Army Navy, Piloted Aircraft, Radio, Automatic Flight or Remote Control] command link transmitter on the B-29 and an AN/URW-2 [Joint Army Navy, Utility, Radio, Automatic Flight or Remote Control] receiver on the Tarzon to provide manual command guidance of range and azimuth.  This was done with visual tracking of the bomb's course, aided by a flare mounted in the tail of the weapon. Gyroscopes on board the ASM-A-1 aided in stabilisation, while a pneumatic system drove the bomb's control surfaces. The guidance system was considered effective; Tarzon proved in testing to have an accuracy of .

In addition to the  nominal weight of the Tallboy it was based on, the annular wing and control surfaces boosted the weight of Tarzon by an additional . This made the ASM-A-1 too large and heavy to fit inside the bomb bay of a Superfortress; instead, the weapon was carried in a semi-recessed mounting, half the weapon being exposed to the airstream. This increased drag on the carrying aircraft, and caused turbulent airflow that could affect the handling of the B-29.

Operational history

Although the VB-13 project had not reached the testing stage by the end of World War II, it avoided being cancelled, proceeding as a low-priority project. Limited testing was conducted during 1948 and 1949; additional testing at Alamogordo, New Mexico in 1950 led to the Tarzon being approved for operational service in the Korean War.

Tarzon saw its first combat use in December 1950, the ASM-A-1 replacing the Razon in operational service; the smaller weapon had been determined to be too small for effective use against bridges and other hardened targets. Used solely by the 19th Bomb Group, which had previously conducted the Razon's combat missions, the first Tarzon drop in combat took place on December 14, 1950.

The largest bomb used in combat during the war, Tarzon was used in strikes against North Korean bridges and other hardened targets, the Tarzon's improved accuracy over conventional 'dumb bombs' led to the confirmed destruction of at least six high-priority targets during approximately six months of combat use; these included a hydroelectric plant, proving the effectiveness of guided weapons against conventional targets as well as bridges.

Thirty Tarzon missions were flown between December 1950 and March 1951; the weapon's success led to a contract for the production of 1,000 additional ASM-A-1 missiles. On March 29, 1951, however, a Tarzon strike against Sinuiju went awry; the group commander's aircraft was destroyed as a result of the premature detonation of the bomb when, the aircraft suffering mechanical difficulties, the weapon was jettisoned in preparation for ditching. The thirtieth, and as it proved final, mission, three weeks following the Sinuiju mission, also suffered an unintentional detonation of a jettisoned, "safed" bomb, although this time without the loss of the aircraft.

An investigation proved that the fault lay in the construction of the bomb's tail; breaking up on impact, a 'safed' bomb would have its arming wire removed, rendering it 'unsafe' and detonating the weapon. Modifications were made to solve the problem, but the damage had been done; the safety issues, increased maintenance costs compared to conventional bombs, the fact that the bomb's guidance system required clear-day use only, rendering the bombers vulnerable to enemy fighters, and required that the weapon be released at a prime altitude for the aircraft to be in danger from enemy flak. These combined with the weapon's poor reliability – only six of twenty-eight bombs dropped successfully destroyed their targets – to result in the production order being canceled by the USAF; following this, the Tarzon program as a whole was terminated in August 1951.

See also
Azon
Bat (guided bomb)
Fritz X
Grand Slam (bomb)
 Tallboy (bomb)

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

External links

Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1949
Guided bombs of the United States
Bell aircraft

ASM-A-1 Tarzon


Prosperity theology is a religious belief that if the believer is wealthy and in good health, this is always the will of God. It is most common among certain groups of Protestant Christians. It is also known as  prosperity gospel, the health and wealth gospel, the gospel of success, or seed faith. These groups also believe that faith, positive speech, and donations to religious causes will increase one's material wealth. Prosperity theology sees the Bible as a contract between God and humans: if humans have faith in God, he will deliver security and prosperity.

The doctrine says that it  is God's will for his people to be blessed. The atonement  is interpreted to include the healing of sickness and lessening of poverty. Both are curses that can be broken by faith. This is believed to be achieved through donations of money, visualization, and positive confession.

Groups in favor of prosperity theology started in the United States in the 1950s. The origins may go back to a movement callled New Thought, which started in the 19th century. The basic ideas were important for another movement, called Word of Faith.  In the  1980s televangelism was sometimes successful because of these ideas.  In the 1990s and 2000s, prosperity theology was adopted by influential leaders in the Pentecostal Movement and Charismatic Movement in the United States and has spread throughout the world. Prominent leaders in the development of prosperity theology include E. W. Kenyon, Oral Roberts,  A. A. Allen, Robert Tilton, T. L. Osborn, Joel Osteen, Creflo Dollar,[8] Kenneth Copeland,  Reverend Ike, and Kenneth Hagin.

Leaders from other Christian novements have critiziced prosperity theology:  They say  that it is irresponsible, promotes idolatry, and is contrary to scripture. Secular as well as some Christian observers have also criticized prosperity theology: They say it exploits the poor. The practices of some preachers have attracted scandal and some have been charged with financial fraud.

Notable works in favor of prosperity theology
Notable works that advocate prosperity theology include:[8]

Notes

References

Bibliography

Christian terminology

Prosperity theology


James Nicol FRSE FGS (12 August 1810 – 8 April 1879) was a Scottish geologist.

Life
He was born at Traquair, near Innerleithen in Peeblesshire, the son of Rev. James Nicol (1769–1819), and his wife Agnes Walker. He studied Arts and Divinity at Edinburgh University from 1825. He also attended the lectures of Robert Jameson, having gained a keen interest in geology and mineralogy. He further pursued these studies in the universities of Bonn and Berlin.

After returning home Nicol worked at local geology and obtained prizes from the Highland Society for essays on the geology of Peeblesshire and Roxburghshire, now areas of the Scottish Borders. He subsequently extended his researches over other parts of Scotland, and in 1844 published Guide to the Geology of Scotland.

In 1847 Nicol was appointed assistant secretary to the Geological Society of London, being appointed a Fellow of the Society in the same year. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being George Wilson.

In 1849 professor of geology in Queen's College, Cork, and in 1853 professor of natural history in the University of Aberdeen, a post which he retained until a few months before he died. In his later years he lived at 15 Bon Accord Square in Aberdeen.

He was buried with his wife and daughter in the north-west section of Grange Cemetery in Edinburgh.

Family

In 1849 he married Alexandrina Anne Macleay Downie.

Works
Nicol carried out researches on the Southern Uplands of Scotland and on the structure of the Highlands. In the former region he gave the first clear account of the succession of the fossiliferous Lower Palaeozoic rocks (1848–1852). When he came to deal with the still older Highland rocks he made out the position of the Torridonian sandstone and Durness limestone, and their relations to the schists and gneisses. Nichol's mature views, although recognising the fallacy in the extant theory of Roderick Murchison, were subsequently superseded by the theory of Charles Lapworth which was corroborated by Benjamin Peach and John Horne. Nicol criticised Thomas Jamieson's explanation of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy. Jamieson considered that the features were shorelines of a fresh water lake trapped behind a glacier; Nicol maintained that the 'overflow cols' show no indications of a water torrent; he concluded that they were sea-straits and therefore the 'roads' were of marine origin.

The more important of his papers were:
"On the Structure of the North-Western Highlands" (Quart. Journ, Geol. Soc., 1861), pp. 85–113
"On the Geological Structure of the Southern Grampians" (ib., 1863), pp. 180–207

He contributed the article "Mineralogy" to the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Among his other works were:
An Historical and Descriptive Account of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands (1840)
Manual of Mineralogy (1849)
Elements of Mineralogy (1858, 2nd ed., 1873)
Geological Map of Scotland (1858)
Geology and Scenery of the North of Scotland (1866).
Nicol,J.(1869) On the Origin of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy. (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 25), pp. 282–291.

Notes

External links

1810 births
1879 deaths
Scottish geologists
Scottish mineralogists
People from the Scottish Borders
Academics of the University of Aberdeen
University of Bonn alumni

James Nicol (geologist)


Leif Iversen (13 December 1911 – 18 May 1989) was a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

Hailing from Raudeberg, Leif Iversen was a tax clerk before becoming mayor of Nord-Vågsøy in 1937. The previous mayor for fifteen years was his father Karl Iversen. Except for the years 1940–1945 during the German occupation of Norway, Leif Iversen held the mayor post until 1965, when Nord-Vågsøy was merged with Sør-Vågsøy to create the new municipality Vågsøy.

He was also a member of Sogn og Fjordane county council, from 1938 to 1979, again except for the occupation years. He is thereby the longest-serving county politician in Sogn og Fjordane. He served as county mayor (fylkesordførar) from 1968 to 1975.

Among his various board memberships, he chaired the board which was responsible for the building of the Måløy Bridge.

References
NRK County Encyclopedia of Sogn og Fjordane

1911 births
1989 deaths
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Mayors of places in Sogn og Fjordane
Chairmen of County Councils of Norway
People from Vågsøy

Leif Iversen


In the United States presidential election of 1824, John Quincy Adams was elected the sixth President of the United States. There were five candidates for president: John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, William H. Crawford , Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson. Jackson was by far the most popular candidate. The winner of the Electoral College was Jackson who had 99 votes. Adams was second with 84 votes. Crawford won 41 votes while Clay won only 37. For the first time since 1801 the United States House of Representatives would decide the election. Under the Twelfth Amendment to the United States, with no Electoral College winner, the President would be voted on from among the top three candidates. Meeting in February 1825, Adams won by a single vote. Adams was the son of the second President of the United States, John Adams.

Background
In 1824 the Era of Good Feelings had come to an end. Up to this time one political party, the Democratic-Republicans, had dominated American politics. When James Monroe did not support a candidate to succeed him, it allowed a wide-open campaign for president in 1824.

In 1824, America was a republic, but still developing as a democracy. At the time people were not as directly involved in the political process as they would become. There were 24 states and six of them left the choice of president up to their state legislatures. So a presidential campaign was not the popularity contest it would later become. The choice of a president was in part made by other elected officials and in part by citizens who could vote. Unlike modern politicians, presidential candidates did not campaign personally. Instead, their campaign managers and others would place ads in newspapers that criticized their candidate's rivals while promoting the virtues of their candidate. The candidates left the campaigning to their friends.

In the summer of 1824, about one-third of the eligible congressmen met in an informal caucus to nominate Crawford to be president. The Massachusetts legislature followed by nominating Adams as their favorite son candidate. Clay was nominated by the Kentucky legislature. Calhoun decided to run for Vice President instead. All four candidates were Democrat-Republicans so there was no official party endorsement.
By this time the Federalist Party no longer existed.

The candidates
Monroe turned out to be the last of the Virginia dynasty of presidents. But three members of his cabinet decided to run. Adams, from Massachusetts, was the Secretary of State. Crawford, from Georgia, was the Secretary of the Treasury. Calhoun, of South Carolina, was the Secretary of War. Clay, nearly as popular in the Western territories as Jackson, was the powerful Speaker of the House of Representatives. As a heroic General, Jackson was by far the best known by the public. He had only a brief term in Congress and had been a territorial governor. He had few other qualifications. He was not experienced in diplomacy, never held a cabinet post and did not speak any foreign languages. Up to this time all U.S. presidents had diplomatic and administrative experience before becoming president.

Adams, was undoubtedly the most qualified to be president. He was a son of the second president and had studied at Harvard College. He was fluent in Dutch, French and German. In 1794 he was the U.S. minister to the Netherlands. During his father's presidency he served as the minister to Prussia. Under President Madison he helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent in 1814 ending the War of 1812. As Secretary of State he played a key role in foreign policy. Adams helped to formulate the Monroe Doctrine. He was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1802 and the next year was elected to the United States Senate.

Adams, however, almost completely lacked charisma. He wasn't able to generate much excitement as someone like Jackson could. If he had campaigned in person, his appearance would have prevented him from getting many votes. He described himself saying "I am a man of reserved, cold, austere and forbidding manners."

Crawford had run for president once before in 1816. He had served two terms as a U.S. Senator. He served two presidents as a cabinet member and had experience as a foreign diplomat. Crawford was a strong supporter of states' rights. He was a member of a group called the "Old Republicans" or "Radicals". He was against protective tariffs and wanted limited budgets to keep the federal government weak. While generally easygoing and friendly, he had a temper every bit as bad as Jackson's. He suffered a severe stroke in 1823 and nearly died. This left him frail and weak. At the time of his nomination he was blind and still paralyzed. But he refused to give up another bid for the presidency.

Calhoun was a strong Jeffersonian Republican. He was elected in 1807 to South Carolina's state legislature and in 1811 he represented his state in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was in favor of a war against Great Britain as early as 1807. In 1817 he became secretary of war under James Madison. Calhoun briefly ran for president in 1824, but withdrew early and ran for vice president instead.

Henry Clay was a leading candidate in 1824. He was born in Virginia in 1777. After becoming a lawyer in Virginia in 1797, he moved to Kentucky to establish a law practice there. He was elected to the Kentucky General Assembly in 1803. Another follower of Jeffersonian politics he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1811. There he served several terms eventually rising to become Speaker of the House. He was one of the five delegates from the U.S. who negotiated the Peace Treaty at Ghent. It was Clay who proposed and got the passage of the Missouri Compromise in 1820.

In some ways the candidate to beat was General Andrew Jackson of Tennessee. He was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans. During the War of 1812 he had fought against the Creek Indians along with another hero, Davy Crockett. His men had nicknamed him "Old Hickory." This made him better known than most of the other candidates. Like George Washington he had risked his life to serve his country. He was a political outsider. Unless other candidates could put together a coalition, Jackson would be difficult to defeat.

Results
There were a total of 261 electoral votes needed to win, with the winning candidate needing to get 131 of them. However, no candidate did. Andrew Jackson got first place in both the electoral vote and popular vote, but he didn't get close to 131, getting just 99. Adams placed second with 84, Crawford third with 41 and Clay with 37. The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution said that if this happened, the House of Representatives would vote on who would be president. Only the top three candidates would get to be voted on, though, so Clay officially lost. However, Clay, being the House Speaker, had a lot of power. He liked John Quincy Adams and hated Andrew Jackson. His influence likely gave Adams the win, able to secure just enough votes. In this House vote, there was one vote from each state. There were 24 states, which meant 24 votes would be given. The majority number of votes was 13. Adams got 13, so he just barely won. Jackson got 7, and Crawford got 4.

Aftermath
Jackson and his supporters became really mad at Adams and Clay. Jackson began accusing Adams and Clay of making a "corrupt bargain", where in exchange for Adams becoming president, Clay would become his Secretary of State. It didn't help when Adams actually did make Clay his Secretary of State. It effected Adams' presidency over its entire four years, and would make Adams lose in the next election in 1828.

Election results
There was no election "day" in 1824. All through the fall of 1824, voters cast their ballots either for individual candidates or for electors to vote in the Electoral College. Electors were chosen in the states of Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, South Carolina and Vermont. Some electors were pledged to support certain candidates while others were not. Of those who were pledged, some changed their minds and voted for another candidate.

House of Representatives
Jackson received the majority of the popular vote and the majority of the electoral vote. But, no candidate received the necessary 131 electoral votes required by the Constitution. Based on the Twelfth Amendment, the election would be decided by the House of Representatives between the top three candidates. Clay, as the fourth candidate, was eliminated. But, as Speaker of the House he would play a large part in the decision of who would become president. Clay used all his influence to support Adams. He also convinced other members of the House that Jackson was not qualified to be president. This was in spite of the fact that Clay had instructions from the Kentucky legislature to vote for Jackson. Clay's arguments apparently succeeded and Adams was elected president by the House on February 9, 1825. A few days later, Adams nominated Clay to be his Secretary of State.

Aftermath
Andrew Jackson and his supporters called the actions of Clay and Adams a "corrupt bargain." The presidential race of 1828 began even before Adams was sworn in as president. The apparent agreement between Adams and Clay was used to show the corruption of the system that ignored the will of the people. Jackson began campaigning as the "champion of the common man".

The 1824 election caused several changes to American presidential politics. It was the end of the system of Congressional caucuses for nominating candidates. From 1800 to 1820, Congressional caucuses selected presidential candidates. There was very little direct voter involvement in the system. But in 1824, only one candidate was selected by a caucus. The other candidates decided to appeal directly to the people. This led to a major change in the system. By the 1830s politics had become a subject of wide national interest.

The election of 1824 saw the end of the one-party political system. The Democratic-Republicans split into two parties. The new Democratic Party was formed by Jackson and his followers. The National Republican Party (not to be confused with the later Republican Party) was led by Adams and Clay.

Jackson resigned his Senate seat returning to Tennessee. He and his followers began the groundwork for his 1828 presidential campaign. His support grew across the United States. In Congress, his supporters opposed spending programs put forward by Adams. Jackson was the champion of the common man while Adams was said to represent everything that was wrong in American politics. After three years in office, Adams accomplished very little. This was in part because of his own shortcomings and in part by the pressure put on him by Jackson's followers.

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Election of 1824; YouTube
 Andrew Jackson and the "Corrupt Bargain" of the 1824 Election; YouTube

1824 in the United States
1824

1824 United States presidential election


Ambassadorial Scholarships (founded 1947) was a program of the Rotary Foundation. The program ended in 2013 and was replaced by the Rotary Global Grant Scholarship, which expands on the Ambassadorial mission, by now ensuring that every Rotary Scholar advance Rotary's International mission to " promote service to others, promote integrity, and advance world understanding, goodwill, and peace." .

The purpose of the prestigious Ambassadorial Scholarships program was to further international understanding and friendly relations among people of different countries and geographical areas. The program sponsored several types of scholarships for undergraduate and graduate students. While abroad, scholars served as goodwill ambassadors to the host country and gave presentations about their homelands to Rotary clubs and other groups. Upon returning home, scholars shared with Rotarians and others the experiences that led to a greater understanding of their host country.

Notable alumni

Sadako Ogata of Japan was the UN High Commissioner for Refugees from 1991 until 2004 and received the Seoul Peace Prize in 2000 for her work in more than 40 refugee camps and trouble spots worldwide. She received an Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1951 and attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
Bill Moyers former White House Press Secretary and prominent U.S. journalist. Moyers is a former director of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Paul Volcker was chairman of the U.S. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 1979 to 1987. He received an Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1951 and studied at the London School of Economics.
Carlos Alberto da Mota Pinto was the former Prime Minister of Portugal.
Helmut Jahn was a distinguished architect who had earned much recognition since his 1966-67 Ambassadorial Scholarship from Germany to the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. He was visiting professor at Harvard and Yale.
Roger Ebert of the United States is the only motion picture critic to be awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Film Criticism. He was awarded an Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1964 to study English literature at the University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Louise Richardson of Ireland is the Vice Chancellor of the University of Oxford. A political scientist with a specialization in the study of terrorism, she is the first woman to lead the university in its nearly 800-year history. She received an Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1977 and studied at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Beryl Nashar was named Woman of the Year by the United Nations Association in 1975 for her work with the Red Cross and the Business Professional Women's Organization of Australia. In 1949 she studied geology as an Ambassadorial Scholar at Cambridge University in England.
Francis Moloi is the high commissioner of South Africa to India. In 2000 he studied at Harvard University as an Ambassadorial Scholar.
Chiharu Sakai of Japan received first prize in National Power's World Piano Competition in London in 1991 and first prize in the Debussy Contemporary Music in Portugal in 1987. She studied Piano at the Conservatoire Royal de Musique de Bruxelles in 1985 as an Ambassadorial Scholar.
Yukiko Shiratori of Japan is an author of child education and linguistic books for Japanese children living in Central and South America. She studied at the Women's College of the University of North Carolina as an Ambassadorial Scholar in 1962.
Prakas Muthuswamy has authored more than 20 cover stories and 50 special journalistic reports in India. He is now the principal correspondent of India Today, India's largest selling English-language newsmagazine, and its other language editions. He studied journalism as an Ambassadorial Scholar at the University of Florida, United States, in the mid-1980s.
Ricardo Garcia Rodriguez served as the Foreign Relations Minister of Chile from 1987 to 1988. He has also served as Secretary of the Interior and Minister of the Constitutional Tribunal. He was awarded an Ambassadorial Scholarship to study law at the Università degli Studi di Roma in 1955 and has been a member of the Rotary Club of Santiago since 1986.
Janet Chvatal is an American soprano who has produced and directed over a hundred musical events, galas and concert series in Europe and in the US to support charity organizations for children and disabled adults in the United States, Germany, Ethiopia, and Sri Lanka. She was awarded an Ambassadorial Scholarship to study Opera in Vienna, Austria in 1987.
Aspen Mays is an American artist who works in photography and other forms of visual media. In 2006, she was awarded the Ambassadorial Scholarship to study in Cape Town, South Africa. Her work has included interpretations of science and collaborations with scientists, such as the work "Sun Ruins."
Christine Telyan Christine Telyan is now CEO and co-founder of London-based tech company UENI, which helps small business to be online with no hassle and for free. Christine was also recently named one of the Independent's most inspiring female leaders and is in the running for the Telegraph's 50 most ambitious leaders in the UK. In 2004, she was awarded the Ambassadorial Scholarship to study in LSE, London, United Kingdom.
Michael T. Benson is an author and American academic administrator who currently serves as president of Coastal Carolina University. He was awarded an Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1993 to study history at St. Antony's College, Oxford, earning his DPhil in 1995.
Jeanne Gang is award-winning architect and designer of the world's two tallest skyscrapers designed by a woman, Aqua and the St. Regis Chicago. Gang earned Ambassadorial Scholarship in 1989 to study at ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology).
Juanita Babet Villena-Alvarez is an author, professor, and American academic administrator at the University of South Carolina Beaufort who received the South Carolina Governor's Professor of the Year in 2010. She was awarded the Rotary Ambassador of Goodwill Scholarship from 1987 to 1988 to complete her Magistere (MA) in French literature at the Sorbonne. She is also a Fulbright Program Poland awardee.'''

References

External links
Rotary Ambassadorial Scholarship website

Scholarships
Rotary International

Ambassadorial Scholarships


Avocettina bowersii is an eel in the family Nemichthyidae (snipe eels). It was described by Samuel Garman in 1899. It is a marine, deep water-dwelling eel which is known from California, U.S.A.; Peru, and Chile. It dwells at a depth range of 92–641 metres, although the type specimen was collected from a depth of 2,692 metres.

A. bowersii is believed to be a semelparous species.

References

Nemichthyidae
Fish described in 1899

Avocettina bowersii


The Triumph of Hercules, the 1964 film, was one of many Italian sword and sandal epics during the 1960s craze. Originally titled Il Trionfo di Ercole, the film was directed by Alberto De Martino. Hercules was portrayed by Dan Vadis.
The film was released internationally as Hercules vs the Giant Warriors, and also as Hercules and the Ten Avengers.

Plot
Hercules is called upon to fight seven golden giants summoned by the Dagger of Jae, sister of Juno (Hera), who dislikes Hercules "for certain family reasons." Hercules also fights to protect his princess love, but matters are complicated by her evil relative Milo, who has murdered her father the king but has tricked her into thinking it was someone else because she trusts him too much. Milo tricks Hercules into killing his friend, for which he is punished by his father Jove (Jupiter/Zeus) who takes away his enormous strength, because he has misused it. Milo is conspiring with his sorceress mother to take the throne for himself.

Now only as strong as a mortal man, Hercules is overpowered when he tries to rescue the princess Ate (pronounced Ah-tay) from Milo and is then accused of being a fraud. Milo tries to kill both Hercules and Ate by chaining them to a giant wooden lever with spikes, complete with a cage over Hercules which he must support while rocks are piled on him: if he can hold it up, then he will prove himself the true Hercules (which he is) but if not, then he will be guilty and he and Ate will die together for conspiring to steal the throne and give it to an imposter.

As the weight of the stones and rocks drive the de-powered Hercules to his knees, he sincerely begs his father Jove to let him die if it is his destiny but to spare Ate who is innocent. Jove resolves this by restoring Hercules's demi-god strength, allowing him to overpower the soldiers, save Ate, and thwart Milo along with his seven golden giants and evil mother. The two bumbling thieves also prove useful in the climax.

In the end, Hercules marries Ate and becomes king of her city.

Cast
Dan Vadis as Hercules
Marilù Tolo as Princess Ate
Pierre Cressoy as Prince Milo
Moira Orfei as the Sorceress Pasiphae
Annamaria Mustari as Hera/Juno
Nazzareno Zamperla as Thief

Production
Marilu Tolo was given tinted lenses to play a malicious doppelgänger Hercules' love interest Princess Ate.

Biography

See also
 List of films featuring Hercules

References

External links

1964 films
1960s fantasy adventure films
Italian fantasy adventure films
Peplum films
1960s Italian-language films
Films directed by Alberto De Martino
Films set in ancient Greece
Films about Heracles
Films scored by Francesco De Masi
Sword and sandal films
1960s Italian films

The Triumph of Hercules


Sir Louis Jacques Blom-Cooper  (27 March 1926 – 19 September 2018) was an English author and lawyer specialising in public and administrative law.

Early life

Born in London, his parents were the grocer Alfred Blom-Cooper and Ellen Flesseman. Blom-Cooper and his family were Jewish. He did national service as a Captain in the East Yorkshire Regiment from 1944 to 1947. Louis Blom-Cooper was educated at Port Regis School, Seaford College, University of British Columbia, King's College London (LLB,1952), the University of Amsterdam, and at Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He was called to the Bar at Middle Temple in 1952.

Career
He was an academic at the University of London from 1962 to 1984. Prior to this he was a columnist for The Observer. He was Chair of the Mental Health Act Commission from 1987 to 1994 and a Judge in the Court of Appeal of Jersey and of Guernsey from 1988 to 1996.

He has chaired more than a dozen inquiries over the last decade including the Guns for Antigua scandal, and the Jasmine Beckford and Ashworth Inquiries. He sat as a Deputy High Court Judge on housing and judicial review cases until 1996.

Blom-Cooper is well known for his regulatory work, particularly as Chair of the Press Council now the Press Complaints Commission and later as the founding chair of the premium rate telephony regulator, ICSTIS, later PhonepayPlus and now the Phone-paid Services Authority.

In 1992 he was appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland as the first Independent Commissioner for the Holding Centres. He held this appointment until April 1999. He was recently called to the Bar of Northern Ireland and granted Silk in Northern Ireland. He was also counsel to the Saville Inquiry acting for the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association.

The A6 murder, Regina v. James Hanratty
In 1963 Blom-Cooper argued that James Hanratty was probably guilty. In 2002 modern testing of DNA from Hanratty's exhumed corpse convinced Court of Appeal judges that his guilt was proved "beyond doubt".

Hunter & Callaghan v Duckworth & Company and Blom-Cooper
The 1997 book The Birmingham Six and Other Cases considered recent miscarriages of justice. It prompted an unsuccessful libel action in the Irish courts from Gerry Hunter and Hugh Callaghan.

Initially Blom-Cooper argued that the publication of the book in Ireland was outside of his control. When this failed, he relied on European Convention on Human Rights#Article 10—right to freedom of expression and the newly formulated defence of Qualified privilege—provided good practice was followed it was acceptable to get things wrong. Previously inaccuracy would have led to financial penalty. Despite this, solicitor Gareth Peirce accused Blom-Cooper of "shoddy research" and "total nonsense" in respect of the book.

Campaigner
Blom-Cooper was involved in the foundation of Amnesty International in 1961, supporting Peter Benenson's idea for an appeal for amnesty for political prisoners. It was at Blom-Cooper's suggestion that Benenson wrote to David Astor, proprietor of the Observer to publicise the campaign. Blom-Cooper also took part in a small committee of individuals who helped carry through the appeal which led to Amnesty International.

He was also a Patron of Prisoners Abroad a registered charity which supports Britons who are held overseas, and was a trustee of the Howard League for Penal Reform.

Clubs
He was a member of the Athenaeum Club.

Author
Blom-Cooper's published works include
Bankruptcy in private international law (1955)
The Law as Literature: An Anthology of Great Writing in and about the Law (1961) (as editor)
The A6 murder, Regina v. James Hanratty: The semblance of truth (1963)
The language of the law: An anthology of legal prose (1965)
The Hanging Question: Essays on the Death Penalty (1969)
Law and Morality (1976)
The Case of Jason Mitchell- Report of the Independent Panel of Inquiry; Edited by Louis Blom-Cooper
Occupational Therapy -An Emerging Profession in Health Care (1989)
The Falling Shadow: One Patient's Mental Health Care 1978–1993 (1995) co-editors Elaine Murphy; Helen Hally
The Birmingham Six and Other Cases (1997) ()
Law and the Spirit of Inquiry : Essays in Honour of Sir Louis Blom-Cooper QC (1999) co-editors Charles Blake, Gavin Drewry
With Malice Aforethought: A Study of the Crime and Punishment for Homicide
The Court of Appeal (2007) co-editors Suzanne Fullbrook;Charles Blake
The Penalty of Imprisonment: Why 60 Per Cent of the Prison Population Should Not Be There (2008),
Power of Persuasion: Essays by a Very Public Lawyer (2015)
Public Inquiries: Wrong Route on Bloody Sunday (2017)
Unreasoned Verdict: The Jury's Out (2019)

References

External links
Louis Blom-Cooper QC at Doughty Street Chambers
Column archive at The Guardian
'Fine Lines and Distinctions' by Sir Louis Blom-Cooper and Terence Morris reviewed by journalist Will Robinson.

1926 births
2018 deaths
Academics of the University of London
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Alumni of King's College London
British Jews
20th-century English judges
English barristers
Fellows of King's College London
Members of the Bar of Northern Ireland
People educated at Seaford College
People educated at Port Regis School
University of Amsterdam alumni
Jersey judges
Guernsey judges
Knights Bachelor
Lawyers awarded knighthoods
English King's Counsel
Members of the Middle Temple
English people of Jewish descent
East Yorkshire Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Writers from London
20th-century English lawyers

Louis Blom-Cooper


Nicola Pinna (born 14 November 1974 in Milan, Italy) is a chemist and professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin.

Scientific career
Pinna's doctoral studies were undertaken at Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris) with a focus on physical chemistry. His postdoctoral work at Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG (Berlin) saw him researching the catalytic properties of vanadium oxide nanoparticles. He has since worked at the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (Potsdam), Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, the University of Aveiro (Portugal), and Seoul National University (Korea). He has been a professor of inorganic chemistry at the Humboldt University of Berlin since July 2012. From July 2016 to April 2021 he was also head of the Department of Chemistry.

His research focuses on nanostructured materials, mainly dealing with the synthesis of nanomaterials by solution and gas phase routes, their characterization and the study of their physical properties. In particular, his research interests include the synthesis of crystalline metal oxide nanoparticles, heterostructures, hybrid materials and thin films by novel nonaqueous sol-gel routes, their assembly, and the study of their physical properties such as optical, electrical, electrochemical, magnetic, catalytic, gas sensing.

In 2011, he was ranked among the top 100 materials scientists of the past decade by impact.

He is executive editor of the Journal of Nanoparticle Research, associate editor of Carbon Energy  and was member of the editorial board of the Journal CrystEngComm from 2011 to 2015. Additionally he published books on Atomic Layer Deposition and the synthesis of nanoparticles.

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Italian chemists
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin

Nicola Pinna


Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last Anglo-Saxon earl. He was the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I.

Early life
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof became the heir of his father's throne as his elder brother Osbearn was killed in battle. Siward died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.

First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton.

Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them and succeeded in killing the two eldest of four brothers in the family.

Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William I. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William I, who was at the time in Normandy. He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.

Cult of martyrdom

In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk.  This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey began to publicise it. As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was celebrated on 31 August.

Due to the beliefs in the miracle, Waltheof became the subject of popular media. His heroic yet often inaccurate accounts were preserved in the Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis, a Middle English Waltheof saga, and the Anglo-Norman Waldef.

Personal life
In 1070 Waltheof married Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. They had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise (Alice of Nothumbria) married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny.

One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (died 1159), abbot of Melrose.

In popular culture

 Waltheof was portrayed by actor Marcus Gilbert in the TV drama Blood Royal: William the Conqueror (1990).
 Waltheof is the subject of Juliet Dymoke's 1970 historical novel Of the Ring of Earls
 Waltheof is a major character in Elizabeth Chadwick's 2002 historical novel The Winter Mantle
 Waltheof is a character in Parke Godwin's 1991 historical novel Sherwood

References

Notes

 Chronicle of Britain

Other websites

1050 births
1076 deaths
Earls and countesses
English royalty

Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria


Lymph capillaries or lymphatic capillaries are tiny, thin-walled microvessels located in the spaces between cells (except in the central nervous system and non-vascular tissues) which serve to drain and process extracellular fluid. Upon entering the lumen of a lymphatic capillary, the collected fluid is known as lymph. Each lymphatic capillary carries lymph into a lymphatic vessel, which in turn connects to a lymph node, a small bean-shaped gland that filters and monitors the lymphatic fluid for infections. Lymph is ultimately returned to the venous circulation.

Lymphatic capillaries are slightly larger in diameter than blood capillaries, and have closed ends (unlike the loop structure of blood capillaries). Lymph capillaries are strategically placed among the blood-related capillaries in order to have efficient and effective uptake from the interstitial fluid during capillary exchange. This intentional formation allows for a more rapid and continuous collection. Their unique structure permits interstitial fluid to flow into them but not out. The ends of the endothelial cells that make up the wall of a lymphatic capillary overlap. When pressure is greater in the interstitial fluid than in lymph, the cells separate slightly, like the opening of a one-way swinging door, and interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic capillary. When pressure is greater inside the lymphatic capillary, the cells adhere more closely, and lymph cannot escape back into the interstitial fluid.  Attached to the lymphatic capillaries are anchoring filaments, which contain elastic fibers. They extend out from the lymphatic capillary, attaching lymphatic endothelial cells to surrounding tissues. When excess interstitial fluid accumulates and causes tissue swelling, the anchoring filaments are pulled, making the openings between cells even larger so that more fluid can flow into the lymphatic capillary.

Lymph capillaries have a greater internal oncotic pressure than blood capillaries, due to the greater concentration of plasma proteins present.

Clinical importance
In the small intestine, lymphatic capillaries called lacteals are critical for the transport of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins to the bloodstream. In the small intestine, dietary triglycerides combine with other lipids and proteins, and enter the lacteals to form a milky fluid called chyle. The chyle then travels through the lymphatic system, eventually entering the bloodstream.

References

Lymphatic organ anatomy
Angiology

Lymph capillary


Maud, named for Queen Maud of Norway, was a ship built for Roald Amundsen for his second expedition to the Arctic. Designed for his intended voyage through the Northeast Passage, the vessel was built in Asker, a suburb of the capital, Oslo.

Maud was launched in June 1916 or 17 June 1917 at Vollen and ceremonially christened by Amundsen crushing a chunk of ice against her bow:

Career
She lived up to her christening, as she remained in the ice until 2016. Whereas other vessels used in Amundsen's polar explorations, Gjøa and Fram, have been preserved at the Norwegian Maritime Museum, Maud had a more rugged fate. After sailing through the Northeast Passage, which did not go as planned and took six years between 1918 and 1924, she ended up in Nome, Alaska and in August 1925 was sold on behalf of Amundsen's creditors in Seattle, Washington.

The buyer was the Hudson's Bay Company, which renamed her Baymaud. She was to be used as a supply vessel for Company outposts in Canada's western Arctic. Prior to her final voyage Baymaud was given a refit in Vancouver, British Columbia. (The work was supervised by Tom Halliday, who later designed the RCMP vessel St. Roch, based on Maud.) In the winter of 1926 she was frozen into the ice at Cambridge Bay, where she sank in 1930. The wreck lay just offshore, across the inlet from the community's former Hudson's Bay Company store. Nearby is the site of the former Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower, built in 1947.

Salvage
In 1990 the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker with the expectation that she would be returned to the town. Although a Cultural Properties Export permit was issued, the price tag to repair and move the ship was 230 million kroner ($43,200,000) and the permit expired.

In 2011 an Asker-based company, Tandberg Eiendom AS, in the project Maud Returns Home announced a plan to return Maud to Norway. They intend to build a museum in Vollen to house her, near where she was built and had purchased a barge to move her. Concern about the plan came from the community of Cambridge Bay, Parks Canada, the Government of Nunavut, the International Polar Heritage Committee, and some people in her intended destination. Initial refusal of a new export permit from the federal government, on the grounds of a lack of a full archeological study was later reversed on appeal in March 2012. The salvage operation was under way in the summer of 2015, with a plan to return the hull to Norway in the summer of 2016.

On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of Maud had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway. In August 2017 Maud began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the Northwest Passage. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter. Maud arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.

Gallery

References

External links
Maud at the Fram Museum
Maud  - Photos
Maud Returns Home  - Salvage project initiated and realized by Tandberg Eiendom, Norway (completed in 2019)

Arctic exploration vessels
Individual sailing vessels
1916 ships
Ships built in Norway
Tall ships of Norway
Asker
Sailing ships of Canada
Kitikmeot Region
History of Nunavut
Shipwrecks of the Canadian Arctic coast
Art and cultural repatriation
Maritime incidents in 1930
Hudson's Bay Company ships
Icebreakers of Norway
Icebreakers of Canada

Maud (ship)


Luigi Ruffo-Scilla JUD (25 August 1750 – 17 November 1832) was a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church who served as Apostolic Nuncio to Austria and Archbishop of Naples.

Early life and priesthood
Luigi Ruffo-Scilla was born in Sant'Onofrio, in Calabria. He was the son of Guglielmo Ruffo, Prince of Scilla, and Lucrezia Reggio, of the princes of Campoflorito and Aci. He was educated at La Sapienza University, Rome, where he earned a doctorate in utroque iure (i.e., in both canon and civil law) on 3 December 1772.

He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 May 1780. He worked as a relator of the S.C. of the Good Government and of the Sacred Consulta.

Episcopate
He was appointed Titular Archbishop of Apamea on 11 April 1785 and was consecrated on 24 April 1785. He was served as Nuncio in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany from 26 April 1785 until 1793. He was Nuncio to Austria from 23 August 1793 until 9 August 1802.

Cardinalate
He was created and proclaimed Cardinal-Priest of San Martino ai Monti in the consistory of 23 February 1801. He was appointed as metropolitan archbishop of the see of Naples on 9 August.

On 26 May 1806 he was expelled from his see by the French and relegated to the fortress of Gaeta. In 1809, he was sent to Paris and then confined in Saint-Quentin from 1810 to 1813. (He was one of the "black cardinals" prohibited by Emperor Napoleon I from wearing red cardinal's robes). In 1813, he was sent to Fontainebleau. He  was later reunited with Pope Pius VII and other cardinals in the castle of Savona. He returned to Naples on 10 June 1815.

He participated in the conclave of 1823, which elected Pope Leo XII. He participated also in the conclave of 1829, which elected Pope Pius VIII, and in the conclave of 1830-1831, which elected Pope Gregory XVI.

He died in 1832, while still serving as archbishop of Naples at the age of 82.

References

1750 births
1832 deaths
19th-century Italian cardinals
Apostolic Nuncios to Austria
Archbishops of Naples
Luigi
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
People from the Province of Vibo Valentia
Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII

Luigi Ruffo-Scilla


Alice ("Alie") te Riet (born August 4, 1953 in Groningen) is a former breaststroke swimmer from the Netherlands, who competed for her native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. There she was eliminated in the qualifying heats of the 100 m breaststroke, clocking 1:18.79 (20th place), and the same in the 200 m breaststroke: 2:48.49 (17th place). As a member of the Dutch relay team, Te Riet finished in fifth place in the 4x100 m medley relay (4:29.99), alongside Enith Brigitha (backstroke), Anke Rijnders (butterfly) and Hansje Bunschoten (freestyle).

References

1953 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for the Netherlands
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Groningen (city)
Dutch female breaststroke swimmers

Alie te Riet


The Fatherland's Front (original German: Vaterländische Front, VF) was an organization that existed in Austria from 1933 to 1938, the Anschluss. Engelbert Dollfuß created it. was the only political party that was allowed at the time. It wanted to unite all citizens, in an independent, Christian German state, that was organized along the lines of professions. Dollfuss led the organization, until his death in 1934. From that time, to 1936, Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg, was its leader. When Kurt Schuschnigg came to power in 1936, he also took its leadeship. When Arthur Seyß-Inquart came to power in 1938, he disbanded the organization, and the NSDAP took its functions.

Political parties in Austria

Fatherland Front (Austria)


A volley gun is a gun with multiple single-shot barrels that volley fired simultaneously or sequentially in quick succession. Although capable of unleashing intense firepower, volley guns differ from modern machine guns in that they lack autoloading and automatic fire mechanisms, and therefore their volume of fire is limited by the number of barrels bundled together.

In practice, large volley guns were not particularly more useful than a cannon firing canister shot or grapeshot. Since they were still mounted on a carriage, they could be as hard to aim and move around as a cannon, and the many barrels took as long or longer to reload. They also tended to be relatively expensive since they were more complex than a cannon, due to all the barrels and ignition fuses, and each barrel had to be individually loaded, unloaded, maintained, and cleaned.

15th-century volley guns

The Ribauldequin was a medieval version of the volley gun. It had its barrels set up in parallel.  This early version was first employed during the Hundred Years' War by the army of Edward III of England, in 1339. Later on, the late Swiss army employed it.

In the mid-1570s a volley gun referred to as an 'ingen of war' was presented to the government of England which was capable of holding from 160 to 320 shots and discharging them 4, 8, 12 or 24 bullets at a time. Multi-barreled artillery pieces continued in use during the 16th and 17th century. A double-barreled cannon called Elizabeth-Henry, named after Charles I's youngest children, was used by the Cavaliers during the English Civil War and fired 2oz charges. It could also fire grapeshot. The barrels were wrapped in leather to prevent rusting.

On the continent, 16th century Aragon developed a 15-barrel volley gun; German and Polish gunsmiths invented handheld multi-barrel guns. These were sometimes combination sword and axe pistols such as Henry VIII's Walking Staff, a 3-barreled gun and battle mace. Henry VIII also owned a multi-barreled German wheel lock rifle capable of firing a superimposed charge.

18th-century volley guns

The Nock gun resembled a conventional flintlock musket with seven barrels hexagonally brazed around a central barrel.  All seven .46 caliber (12 mm) barrels were connected to the single flintlock pan in a manner intended to produce simultaneous discharge through row ignition, but one or more barrels frequently failed to fire.  The gun was invented by James Wilson in 1779 and manufactured by Henry Nock for use through the Napoleonic Wars.  Five hundred Nock guns were produced for the Royal Navy intended for use in repelling boarders or to clear an enemy deck in advance of friendly boarding parties. Admiral Howe's fleet was issued twenty guns for each ship of the line and twelve guns for each frigate.  Recoil of the 13-pound (5.9 kg) Nock gun caused dislocated shoulders and clavicle fractures among the sailors firing Nock guns; and the muzzle flash from simultaneous discharge of multiple barrels could ignite canvas sail when fired from positions in the rigging.  The Nock volley gun was considered obsolete by 1805, but a surviving weapon was carried by Richard Widmark in the 1960 movie The Alamo. The Nock gun was recently brought to public attention by its inclusion in Bernard Cornwell's Sharpe novels where it was wielded by both Sharpe and his friend and colleague Sergeant Patrick Harper.

A breech-loading volley gun that was reloaded using multiple breech pieces, similar to the later mitrailleuse, was developed in France in 1775 by a Du Perron.

19th-century volley guns

Two notable artillery-sized volley guns were developed in the mid-19th century, although neither was particularly successful in practice. Developed in the 1860s and based on an 1850s design by a captain Fafschamps, the French  is an example of a multi-barreled volley gun that could fire all of its barrels simultaneously or sequentially over a short period of time. Also developed in the 1860s, General Origen Vandenburgh of the New York State Militia designed a weapon that had eighty-five parallel .50 caliber rifle barrels. After failing to sell the weapon to the United Kingdom, he reportedly sold a small number to the Confederate States of America, although there is no record that they were actually used. One Vandenburgh gun was located at Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and another reportedly at Salisbury, North Carolina.

A few hand-held volley guns were also developed during the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the most distinctive was the "duck's foot" volley gun, a pistol with multiple barrels arranged in a splayed pattern, so that the firer could spray a sizable area with a single shot. The principle behind this type of pistol is one of confrontation by one person against a group; hence, it was popular among bank guards, prison wardens and sea captains in the early 19th century.

In July 1835,  used a home-made, 25-barrel volley gun to attempt the assassination of King Louis Philippe I in Paris. He fired the weapon from a third-floor window while the king and his entourage were passing in the street below. Although 18 people were killed, the king only received a minor wound. The gun barrels had been sold as scrap by a government arsenal after being labeled as defective and four of them burst when fired.  was badly injured and was quickly captured. He and two others involved in the plot were condemned to death and guillotined in 1836. His volley gun, known as the infernal machine, is preserved at the  in Paris.

Modern connection

A number of designs of electronically fired explosive-propulsion projectile weapons and non-explosive projectile weapons were developed by Metal Storm Limited which had some similarities to 18th-century volley guns, particularly in that they use many barrels, which can all be fired once simultaneously or sequentially, such as the Nordenfelt gun. These designs met with little commercial interest and Metal Storm Limited entered administration in 2012.

The Spanish Navy uses a volley gun system, the Meroka, which consists of twelve Oerlikon 20 mm cannons mounted in a tight cluster with an externally powered automatic loading system. It delivers an exceptionally high rate of fire for a very short burst, and reloads in less than 0.3 seconds. This makes it suitable for close-range defense against missiles, aircraft, watercraft, coastal targets, and floating mines.

In 2019, Standard Manufacturing introduced the S333 Thunderstruck, a double-barreled revolver which fires two rounds with each pull of the trigger.

See also
 Billinghurst Requa Battery
 Double-barreled cannon
 Multiple-barrel firearm
 Multiple rocket launcher
 Nock gun
 Organ gun
 Pepperbox
 Ripley machine gun
 Wall gun

References

External links

1339
Early machine guns
Firearm actions
Infantry support weapons
Salvo weapons

Volley gun


The Ingersoll Place Plat Historic District is located in Des Moines, Iowa, United States.  It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2000.  The historic significance of the district is based on the concentration of bungalows and square houses as well as a mix of subtypes.

History
The Des Moines Life Insurance Company officially created the Ingersoll Place Plat on September 27, 1906.  At the same time the Ingersoll Run sewer line was put under contract.  The  of main sewer line brought sewer service to the northwest side of Des Moines.  Early residential development began near Ingersoll Park, an amusement park that was located at 42nd Street and Ingersoll until 1911.  Housing construction then moved east from there, which is contrary to the city's general east to west movement of development.  Ingersoll Avenue also had a streetcar line since 1897, which made the area attractive for development.  The Financial Panic of 1905–1906, however, delayed construction.  Fifty of the lots were foreclosed on and had to be resold.

Architecture
A majority of the houses in the district, twenty-four, are square house plans. Front gabled houses number thirteen, eight have hipped roofs and three have side gables.  The houses with hip roofs are found in the east end and the front-gables houses are found in the west.

The district has five bungalows with front gables; all but one is on Linden Street.  Two houses are part of a subtype of bungalows with a hip roof and two have a double gable on the front of the house.  Two more houses follow the subtype of a gable front with a gabled side porch.

Five more bungalows have side gables.  Three are on Linden Street, and there is one each on High and 28th Streets.  Three houses feature a subtype of this style has a single roof pitch and full-width front porch.  Two more houses have a single roof pitch, offset with a less than full-width front porch.  There is also one house that has a double main roof pitch.  It also has a combination of American Craftsman and Classical Revival ornamentation.

Seven houses are neither bungalows nor square houses.  Two houses are a vernacular side gable, story-and-a-half, square house that is popular in Des Moines.  Two houses were built in the Colonial Revival style, and one each were built in the Neoclassical and Prairie School styles.  One house on High Street is a large two-story double-square plan with a hipped roof that defies classification.   There are thirteen detached garages that are also contributing properties.

Contributing Property
Mahnke House

References

Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Historic districts in Des Moines, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Des Moines, Iowa
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Houses in Des Moines, Iowa
Colonial Revival architecture in Iowa
Bungalow architecture in Iowa

Ingersoll Place Plat Historic District


War Memorial Stadium is a stadium located in Wailuku, Hawaii, that opened in 1969 and holds 23,000 people.  It is primarily used for American football, and from 1998 through 2005 was the venue for the Hula Bowl, a college football all-star game. When the stadium originally opened in 1969 it held fewer than 7,000 people. It was expanded due to the efforts of the then-mayor of Maui, Linda Lingle, to host the Hula Bowl.

War Memorial Stadium is also home to the Maui Interscholastic League (MIL) High School Football association and soccer matches are played in the stadium.

War Memorial Stadium is also equipped with a state of the art 440 yard track, long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vaulting pits. In 1972, the stadium was the site of the first State High School Track and Field Championships held outside of Honolulu, chosen in part because of the new state of the art rubberized asphalt surface.

The football field has a grass surface. Plans to replace the grass with artificial turf were abandoned in 2014 when bids came in 50% above the expected $1 million.

The only regular-season college football game to take place on Maui occurred on September 8, 2001, when the University of Hawaii Warriors defeated the visiting Montana Grizzlies 30–12 in front of a crowd of 12,863.

War Memorial Stadium Complex
The War Memorial Stadium Complex includes 1,500 plus seat Maehara Stadium adjacent to War Memorial Stadium. It is home to the Maui Interscholastic League Baseball and American Legion Games.

The complex also houses training facilities for H.P. Baldwin High School, additional soccer fields, softball fields, Soichi Sakamoto Pool and 2,000+ seat War Memorial  Gymnasium. The complex was dedicated in 1965 to honor the Veterans of Maui County (comprising the Islands of Maui, Moloka'i and Lana'i) who gave their lives in service of their country.

The stadium complex is located on the windward side of the island between the towns of Kahului and the county seat Wailuku, on the Valley Isle of Maui and is adjacent to H. P. Baldwin High School.

The largest high school football stadium

War Memorial Stadium is the largest high school football stadium in the United States.

References

American football venues in Hawaii
Athletics (track and field) venues in Hawaii
Buildings and structures in Maui County, Hawaii
College football venues
High school football venues in the United States
Rugby league stadiums in the United States
Soccer venues in Hawaii
Sports venues completed in 1969
1969 establishments in Hawaii

War Memorial Stadium (Wailuku, Hawaii)


Robert W. Faid (April 30, 1929 – May 30, 2008) was an American author, numerologist and former nuclear engineer from Greenville, South Carolina. He held a master's degree in theology from Coatesville Bible College. Faid was an agnostic in his early life and converted to Christianity after recovery from cancer.

Faid is listed as the inventor on two 1977 United States patents relating to improvements in the construction of concrete structures such as containment buildings for nuclear power plants.

Biography
Faid served in the United States Army during the end of World War II, and later in the Korean War. He was one of the first Army Airborne Rangers. He graduated with a degree in engineering from Johns Hopkins University, and began a twenty-five-year career with W.R. Grace & Company, from which he retired in 1973. Mr. Faid was not only a Christian American author, as a nuclear engineer, Faid held the honor of being one of the top ten nuclear scientists until 1975. He also held a degree in theology from Coatesville Bible College, and was a faithful member of the Greenville First Church of the Nazarene.  He died on May 30, 2008, due to cancer.

Ig Nobel Prize
In 1993, Faid was awarded the Ig Nobel prize for Mathematics for calculating the exact odds (710,609,175,188,282,000 to 1) that Mikhail Gorbachev is the Antichrist, based on his 1988 book Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come?

On hearing about the award, Faid said "It's a serious book, not a joke... mathematically minded people use numbers to answer many questions, even questions that are not overtly mathematical."

Bibliography
Gorbachev! Has the Real Antichrist Come? () (1988)
A Scientific Approach to Biblical Mysteries () (1993)
A Scientific Approach to More Biblical Mysteries () (1995)
A Scientific Approach to Christianity () (1990)
Lydia: Seller of Purple () (1984)

References

1929 births
Converts to Christianity
American nuclear engineers
2008 deaths
People from Greenville, South Carolina
20th-century American male writers

Robert W. Faid


Wang Jingwu (王敬武) (d. 889) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who ruled Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Weifang, Shandong) as its military governor (Jiedushi) from 882 to 889.

Background and seizure of Pinglu
It is not known when Wang Jingwu was born, but it is known that he was from Qing Prefecture (青州, in modern Weifang, Shandong, the capital of Pinglu Circuit) and that he served as an officer under An Shiru () the military governor of Pinglu. In 881 or 882, there was an agrarian rebellion in the region of Qing and Di (棣州, in modern Binzhou, Shandong) Prefectures, and An sent him to suppress it.  After he returned to Qing, he expelled An and claimed the title of acting military governor.  Thereafter, turning away from his allegiance to the then-reigning Tang emperor Emperor Xizong, he sought and received a commission from Huang Chao, who had several months earlier captured the Tang imperial capital Chang'an, forced Emperor Xizong to flee to Chengdu, and declared his own state of Qi as its emperor.

Wanting to turn Wang Jingwu's allegiance back to Tang, the Tang chancellor Wang Duo, who was in charge of the operations against Huang, sent the imperial official Zhang Jun to try to persuade Wang Jingwu and bestow the commission of acting military governor.  When Zhang arrived at Pinglu, Wang Jingwu initially refused to meet him.  When Wang eventually met with Zhang, Zhang rebuked him, and further used a speech to turn the soldiers' opinions toward loyalty to Tang.  The soldiers' opinions affected Wang, and Wang decided to accept the Tang commission and sent troops to aid Wang Duo's campaign.  Wang Duo subsequently made him military governor.  After Tang forces recaptured Chang'an, Wang Jingwu was given the honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi () and the honorary title of acting Taiwei (太尉, one of the Three Excellencies).

Death and succession
Wang Jingwu died in 889 and was succeeded by his 15-year-old son Wang Shifan.  Initially, his subordinate Zhang Chan () refused to accept Wang Shifan as Wang Jingwu's successor, and the imperial government also tried to make the senior general Cui Anqian the new military governor.  By 890, however, Wang Shifan had defeated Zhang and Zhang's ally Lu Hong (), and Cui fled back to Chang'an, allowing Wang Shifan to take control.

Notes and references

 New Book of Tang, vol. 187.
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 255, 258.

9th-century births
889 deaths
Politicians from Weifang
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Pinglu Circuit
Qi (Huang Chao)
Tang dynasty generals from Shandong

Wang Jingwu


La Rochefoucauld may refer to:

People
 Alexandre, comte de La Rochefoucauld (1767–1841), married Adélaïde de Pyvart de Chastullé, a San Domingo heiress allied to the Beauharnais family. Mme de La Rochefoucauld became dame d'honneur to the empress Josephine, and their eldest daughter married Francesco Borghese [fr], a brother-in-law of Pauline Bonaparte, Princess Borghese. La Rochefoucauld became ambassador successively to Vienna (1805) and to The Hague (1808–1810), where he negotiated the union of the Kingdom of Holland with France. During the "Hundred Days" he was made a peer of France. He subsequently devoted himself to philanthropic work, and in 1822 became deputy to the Chamber of Deputies and sat with the constitutional royalists. He was again raised to the peerage in 1831. His descendants became Dukes of Estissac and Princes of La Rochefoucauld-Montbel.
 Ambroise-Polycarpe de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1841), soldier and minister of Charles X
 Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (before 1552after 1569), French knight
 Antoine de La Rochefoucauld (1862–1959), 19th century Rosicrucian
 Dominique de La Rochefoucauld (1712–1800), French bishop and cardinal
 Dominique, Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel (born 1950), diplomat, Grand Hospitalier of the Order of Malta, President of the French association, Chancellor of the « Académie des Psychologues du Goût »
 Edmée de La Rochefoucauld (1896-1991), French activist
 Emmanuel, Prince de La Rochefoucauld-Montbel (1883-1974), diplomat, ambassadeur, owner of the Grottes de Lascaux with his marriage to Simone Darblay
 François III de La Rochefoucauld (1521–1572), French courtier and soldier
 François de La Rochefoucauld (cardinal) (1558–1645), French cardinal of the Catholic Church
 François de La Rochefoucauld (writer) (1613–1680), French author noted for his maxims and memoirs
 François de La Rochefoucauld, Marquis de Montandre (1672–1739)
 François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1747–1827), social reformer
 François, duc de La Rochefoucauld (1765–1848)
 Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld (1701–1757), French cardinal of the Catholic Church, Archbishop of Bourges
 Frédéric Gaëtan, marquis de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt (1779–1863), politician
 Jean-Baptiste Louis Frédéric de La Rochefoucauld de Roye (1707–1746), French naval commander
 Jean-Dominique de La Rochefoucauld (1931–2011), French screenwriter and television director
 Louis Alexandre de La Rochefoucauld d'Enville (1743–1792), French aristocrat and politician
 Robert de La Rochefoucauld (1923–2012), French count and special operations executive

Places
 La Rochefoucauld, Charente, a commune in the Charente département in France

See also
Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Établissement La Rochefoucauld, a school in Paris

La Rochefoucauld


Eucalyptus leucoxylon, commonly known as yellow gum, blue gum or white ironbark, is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. It has smooth yellowish bark with some rough bark near the base, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of three and cylindrical, barrel-shaped or shortened spherical fruit. A widely cultivated species, it has white, red or pink flowers.

Description
Eucalyptus leucoxylon is a tree that typically grows to a height of  and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth white, yellow or bluish-grey bark, usually with  of rough fibrous to flaky bark the base of the trunk. Young plants and coppice regrowth have leaves mostly arranged in opposite pairs, egg-shaped to broadly lance-shaped,  long and  wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, the same slightly glossy shade of green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved,  long and  wide, tapering to a petiole  long. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three in leaf axils on an unbranched peduncle  long, the individual buds on pedicels  long. Mature buds are oval to diamond-shaped or more or less spherical,  long,  wide with a conical to rounded or beaked operculum. Flowering has been recorded in most months and the flowers a white, red or pink. The fruit is a woody, cylindrical, barrel-shaped or shortened spherical capsule  long,  wide with the valves enclosed below rim level.

This species is similar to E. melliodora and E. sideroxylon subsp. sideroxylon but differs in having three buds in each group of flowers.

Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus leucoxylon was first formally described in 1855 by Ferdinand von Mueller in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Victorian Institure for the Advancement of Science. The specific epithet (leucoxylon) is derived from the ancient Greek leuco- meaning "white" and -xylon meaning "wood".

Subspecies and varieties
The subspecies and varieties accepted by the Australian Plant Census (APC) as at September 2019 are:
 Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. bellarinensis Rule has fibrous-flaky bark near the base of the trunk, waxy juvenile leaves that have the opposite pairs joined to each other, more or less spherical flower buds and relatively large fruit on a long pedicel;
 Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. connata Rule is similar to the autonym (subsp. leucoxylon) but has more or less spherical, rather than oval, flower buds;
  Eucalyptus leucoxylon F.Muell. leucoxylon does not have waxy leaves, the juvenile leaves are never joined in pairs, adult leaves less than  wide, pedicels equal to or longer than the fruit, and oval flower buds;
 Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. megalocarpa Boland is similar to the autonym but has adult leaves more than  wide;
 Eucalyptus leucoxylon var. pluriflora; F.Muell. ex Miq.
 Eucalyptus leucoxylon subsp. pruinosa (F.Muell. ex Miq.) Boland has surface wax present on the juvenile leaves, flower buds and fruit, and has white flowers.

Distribution and habitat
This eucalypt species is found in Victoria, south-eastern South Australia and far south-western New South Wales. All six subspecies occur in Victoria. Subspecies bellarinensis is only known from the Bellarine Peninsula near Ocean Grove and Torquay. Subspecies connata grows on skeletal soils, mostly in the Brisbane Ranges. Subspecies leucoxylon is the most widespread species and occurs in scattered populations across Victoria and in south-eastern South Australia, including on Kangaroo Island where the tallest specimens are found. Subspecies megalocarpa is a stunted tree or mallee only found in coastal areas from the far south-east of South Australia to far western Victoria. Subspecies pruinosa occurs in drier areas of South Australia, the Wimmera and Goldfields of Victoria and on the Murray River floodplain near Barham  in New South Wales.

Uses

Essential oils
The leaves are distilled for the production of cineole based eucalyptus oil.

Use in horticulture
Subspecies megalocarpa is a relatively small tree with red flowers and large fruit is often available under the horticultural name, 'Rosea'. It flowers profusely in winter, and is widely planted as an ornamental plant. 'Euky Dwarf' is grown as a street and garden tree, growing to a height of  tall and  wide. Subspecies leucoxylon has been recommended for larger gardens and parklands.
A variety known as Euky Dwarf is very popular as a street and garden tree, growing around 5–6m in height.

References

leucoxylon
Myrtales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Flora of South Australia
Flora of Victoria (state)
Flora of New South Wales
Plants described in 1855
Trees of Mediterranean climate
Ornamental trees
Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller

Eucalyptus leucoxylon


Home for Human Rights (HHR) is one of the oldest human rights organisations in Sri Lanka. Founded by the late Francis Xavier (LL.B., 1976, Called to the Bars of Sri Lanka and Ontario, Canada) (July 25 1933-June 10 2016), HHR has sought to address human rights violations against the marginalized and the oppressed population of Sri Lanka since 1977. HHR's mandate is to document and advocate against recognised human rights violations as set out in the International Bill of Rights.

HHR history can be traced back to the instrumental activism of Francis Xavier, Kandiah Kandasamy and Seelan Kadirgamar. They operated under the guidance of S. Kathiravelpillai, member of parliament for Kopay. HHR was converted into a charitable trust in 1991 by Francis Xavier and in 1995, Sherine Xavier commenced her tenure as executive director. Under Sherine's guidance from 1995 to 2001 and 2006 to 2015, HHR grew to be one of the largest human rights organisation in Sri Lanka. The trust is managed by 5 trustees.

HHR was located in Colombo and had branch offices in Jaffna, Batticaloa, Akkaraipattu, Trincomalee, Vavuniya, Mannar, Killinochi, Mullaithivu and Hatton.

References

Human rights organisations based in Sri Lanka

Home for Human Rights


ArcEditor is the midlevel software suite designed for advanced editing of spatial data published in the proprietary Esri format.  It is part of the ArcGIS product.  It provides tools for the creation of map and spatial data used in Geospatial Information Systems.  ArcEditor is not intended for advanced spatial analysis, which can be performed using the highest level of ArcGIS, ArcInfo.

External links
 ESRI's ArcEditor website
 ST-Links PgMap

Esri software

ArcEditor


Roskilde Cathedral School () is a historic high school in Roskilde, Denmark. It was established around 1020 with close connections to Roskilde Cathedral. The school has since 1969 been located on Holbækvej in the western part of the city while its old main building next to the cathedral now houses Roskilde Gymnasium, another high school.

History

The school was probably established in the early 11th century (c. 1020) in connection with the cathedral. It was initially designed for the education of priests who could serve the cathedral. There are references to pupils at the school from 1074. Around 1080, a building was constructed to the north of the first travertine cathedral known as Kloster for Brødrene (Friars' Cloister) which was no doubt used as a school house. When the brick cathedral was built in the 13th century, a new school building was constructed immediately west of the cathedral.

After the Reformation in 1536, the school was struck by a period of poverty, forcing the pupils to beg in the neighbourhood for food and clothing. The curriculum did not change until the 18th century when it was adapted to include both theology and law, attracting more pupils.

A new building for the school was completed on the cathedral square in 1842 to a design by Jørgen Hansen Koch. With its six classrooms, it was able to accommodate all 70 pupils. Girls were first admitted to the school in 1903 but were initially kept away from the boys. Despite several extensions, by 1969 the building had again become too small. The school moved to its current premises on Holbækvej designed by Preben Hansen.

Today
As of September 2014, the school has 1,352 pupils and a staff of 150, of whom 129 are teachers. The school provides a high level of secondary-school education thanks to its competent staff and a pleasant teaching environment designed to motivate pupils on an individual basis.

Notable alumni

 Absalon (ca. 1128-1201), archbishop, statesman
 Saxo Grammaticus (ca. 1150-1208), historian
 Christian Friis til Borreby (1556–1616), Chancellor of Denmark
 Andreas Brünniche (1704–1769), painter
 Andreas Christian Hviid (1749–1788), linguist and theologian
 Gottsche Hans Olsen (1760–1829), writer, diplomat and theatre director
 Johan Ernst Hartmann (1770–1844), composer
 Severin Claudius Wilken Bindesbøll (1798–1871), bishop and politician
 Jacob Kornerup (1825–1913), archaeologist and painter
 Carl von Nutzhorn (1828–1899), politician and minister of justice
 Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg (1839–1912), prime minister
 Vilhelm Topsøe (1840–1881), writer and journalist
 Morten Pedersen Porsild (1872–1956), botanist
 Vilhelm Lassen (1861–1908), politician and finance minister
 Asger Ostenfeld (1866–1931), engineer
 Eduard Reventlow (1883–1963), diplomat
 Poul Sørensen (1904–1969), politician
 Aksel Schiøtz (1906–1975), singer
 Ada Bruhn Hoffmeyer (1910-1991) weapons expert
 Elias Bredsdorff (1912–2002), writer and resistance fighter
 Lise Nørgaard (born 1917), writer
 Jytte Hilden (born 1942), politician
 Ib Michael (born 1945), novelist, poet
 Thure Lindhardt (born 1974), actor

References

Literature

External links
 Official website

Gymnasiums in Denmark
Cathedral schools
Education in Roskilde
Buildings and structures in Roskilde Municipality
Educational institutions established in the 11th century
School buildings completed in 1969

Roskilde Cathedral School


Seymour Dean Van Gundy (February 24, 1931 – December 27, 2020) was an American professor emeritus of nematology at University of California, Riverside and former dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources.

Background
After graduating from Monclova High School in 1949, Van Gundy attended Bowling Green State University on an Edwin Mosley scholarship. While an undergraduate, Van Gundy worked part-time at an H.J. Heinz research facility. There he met J.C. Walker: a professor teaching at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Walker offered Van Gundy an assistantship to continue studying cucumbers after Van Gundy's graduation from Bowling Green State University. Van Gundy went to University of Wisconsin for graduate work, where he completed his Ph.D. in 1956 and his postdoctoral studies in February 1957. Van Gundy interviewed with Dewey J. Raski for a nematology position at University of California, Riverside (UCR); Van Gundy was hired by the co-located University of California Citrus Experiment Station as a junior nematologist in March 1957.
In 1966 Van Gundy took a sabbatical from teaching to study Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans in Australia with Harry Wallace and Alan Bird.

Van Gundy was promoted to full professor in July 1968. In 1969 during the height of the Vietnam War, Van Gundy defended the University's position refusing classified Department of Defense research projects, citing the restriction against publication counter to the interests of involved graduate and postdoctoral students. That same year Van Gundy founded the Journal of Nematology for the Society of Nematologists, becoming the journal's first editor-in-chief. Beginning in 1970 Van Gundy served as Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research until 1972 when he was recruited by the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources's dean, William Dugger, to chair the department of nematology.  In 1978, Van Gundy was named a fellow of the American Phytopathological Society. Van Gundy continued to chair nematology at UCR until he took a sabbatical in 1984 to study rhizobacteria. That work resulted in Van Gundy being awarded a patent for Rhizobacterial plant protection.

Upon his return he was appointed Associate Dean of Research. Van Gundy was appointed interim dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources in 1988 and became full dean in 1990. He retired in 1993. Even after retirement he continued to teach courses in growing blueberries and plumerias. Van Gundy was appointed by Governor Gray Davis to the Regional Water Quality Control Board for the Santa Ana region in 2000 and re-appointed by Davis's successor, Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2006. In 2006 Van Gundy was inducted by Moldova's National Academy of Sciences in thanks of his management of the extension program between UCR and Moldova State University.

Selected publications

References

External links
Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources profile

1931 births
2020 deaths
Bowling Green State University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Agricultural and Life Sciences alumni
People from Toledo, Ohio
University of California, Riverside faculty
21st-century American biologists
Honorary members of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova

Seymour Van Gundy


Peter Dunnill, OBE, FREng (20 May 1938 – 10 August 2009), was a British pioneer in biochemical engineering and professor at the University College London (UCL), University of London.

Life

Dunnill was born in Harrow, London on 20 May 1938. He studied at the College of North West London. Dunnill self-learned French and German, and obtained his BSc in chemistry from the University College London.

Dunnill continued his study and research at the Royal Institution (RI) where he obtained his PhD in protein crystallography under Nobel laureate Lawrence Bragg. He worked at the Sir John Cass College (now the London Guildhall University).

Dunnill spent his entire academic career at UCL, first as a lecturer in physical methods at the Department of Biology of UCL, and the position of Professor of Biochemical Engineering before his death. He was lecturer (1969), reader (1979), and professor (1984) in biochemical engineering at UCL. Dunnill was a founder of the Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering at UCL.

Recognitions

Dunnill was elected to the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) in 1994.
Dunnill was made a Fellow of UCL in 1981. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (elected in 1979), Fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (elected in 1981), and Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. Dunnill was awarded the Donald medal by the Institution of Chemical Engineers in 1995, and was appointed OBE for his services to biochemical engineering in 1999.

Extra information
 The Lancet: Peter Dunnill
Obituaries from major media:
 The Times Online: Professor Peter Dunnill: biochemical engineer
 The Guardian: Peter Dunnill obituary
 The Times Higher Education: Obituary: Peter Dunnill, 1938-2009

References

1938 births
2009 deaths
People from Harrow, London
British chemical engineers
British chemists
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of University College London
Academics of University College London
Academics of the University of London

Peter Dunnill