99.9% is the debut studio album by Canadian electronic music producer Kaytranada, released May 6, 2016, through XL Recordings worldwide and Ultra Records in Canada. The 15-track album features guest contributions from by , Vic Mensa, Little Dragon, Syd, Craig David, AlunaGeorge, and BadBadNotGood amongst others. 99.9% was supported by five singles: "Leave Me Alone" featuring Shay Lia, "Drive Me Crazy" featuring Vic Mensa, the Karriem Riggins and River Tiber-assisted instrumental "Bus Ride", "Glowed Up" featuring , and "Lite Spots".

The album was named as the winner of the 2016 Polaris Music Prize, and won Electronic Album of the Year at the 2017 Juno Awards.

Background and promotion
In May 2014, it was announced that Kaytranada had signed a deal with UK-based independent record label XL Recordings and planned to release an EP in the summer. During an interview with New York-based music magazine The Fader, the Montreal producer disclosed that XL is "one of the labels I always wanted to be on […] It's a good label for people who are sort of lost and are like, 'Let me see what's going on.'" Kaytranada described the untitled EP as "abstract-feeling" and "uptempo, neo-soul," and was aiming to "make it as funky as possible." In addition, he confirmed that he had worked with Vic Mensa, Karriem Riggins, Reva DeVito, and Shay Lia amongst others.

On August 12, 2014, at the announcement of the EP's tentative title, So Bad, a song named "Leave Me Alone", featuring vocalist and fellow Montreal native Shay Lia, was released as the lead single. However, no updates had been provided regarding the EP's release date.

As reported on December 15, 2014, Kaytranada expanded his project into a full-length album. On Facebook, he posted a glimpse of his renewed contract with XL, along with the words "ALBUM COMING." Serving as the second single is the trap-influenced "Drive Me Crazy", featuring Chicago rapper Vic Mensa, released on January 27, 2015.

On September 7, 2015, Kaytranada took to Twitter to announce the album's official title: 99.9%. During Benji B's "Montreal Special" on BBC Radio 1 on March 16, 2016, he shared more details about his long-awaited effort. The producer expounded on the album title, explaining that it reflects his dissatisfaction and indecisiveness when it comes to his musical endeavor. Furthermore, he confirmed that Canadian instrumental band BadBadNotGood and The Internet's lead vocalist Syd were both recruited as guests contributors. Speaking about BadBadNotGood, he revealed that they recorded about fifteen tracks together, though only two were selected for the album. He also premiered a track from the album titled "Bus Ride" which features drum work from Detroit jazz percussionist and producer Karriem Riggins, and accompaniment from Toronto multi-instrumentalist and producer River Tiber. On Twitter, he confirmed that the album would be released on May 6.

The following day, Kaytranada unveiled via Instagram and Facebook the artworks and track listing for 99.9%, along with short individual animations corresponding to each track. The album's digital version was made available for pre-order ahead of its release on iTunes and Amazon, while its physical format could be pre-ordered on XL Recordings' online store. The physical product comes on a double 12-inch vinyl with a gatefold sleeve, and includes a free CD of the digital album.

On April 7, 2016, "Glowed Up", which features  on vocals, debuted on Annie Mac's BBC Radio 1 show, with the music video, directed by Bo Mirosseni, premiering soon after. Marc Hogan from Pitchfork gave the song a "Best New Track" designation, stating that "It's a track where two complementary artists sound like they are right where they want to be, and the pleasure is in how they bring us into this world, too".

In anticipation of the album's release, an album-themed video game, 99.9%: The Game, was launched on Kaytranada's website on April 20, 2016. Designed by artist Ricardo Cavolo, who also worked on the album's artwork, the game is a side-scroller modeled after 2013's popular mobile game Flappy Bird. Players must navigate an airplane through obstacles while collecting items to earn points. Players who attain a high score of over a hundred points will be rewarded with a free download of "Nobody Beats the Kay," a bonus track from the album. On May 10, 2016, a music video for "Lite Spots" was released.

Reception

99.9% received critical acclaim upon its release. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized score out of 100 to all reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 81, based on a number of 21 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Both Pitchfork and Spin gave the album a rating of 8 out of 10. Pitchforks Jonah Bromwich wrote, "The genre-defying stew of funk, soul, R&B, and beat and dance music that Kaytranada has cooked up on 99.9% nods back at that heritage of percussion-driven synthesis." At PopMatters, which gives a rating out of ten stars, the album received an average rating of 6 stars. In his review, Chris Conaton wrote, "Even though [Kaytranada] doesn't do every genre he attempts equally skillfully, there's a pop music core to most of these songs that keeps 99.9% listenable throughout."

Kaytranada has won the 2016 Polaris Music Prize for the album.

Accolades

Track listing
All tracks produced by Kaytranada, except "Bus Ride" by Kaytranada, Karriem Riggins and River Tiber, and "Weight Off" by Kaytranada and BadBadNotGood.

Notes
 "Track Uno" contains a sample of "I Figure I'm Out of Your Life" by Delegation, written by Kenneth Gold and Michael Denne.
 "Bus Ride" contains a sample of "По садочку хожу", written by Валерий Колесников, Вячеслав Новиков, Владимир Молотков and Александр Христидис.
 "Got It Good" contains a sample of "Olho de Vidro" by Jaime & Nair, written by Jaime Alem.
 "Drive Me Crazy" contains a sample of "Bermuda Triangle", written by Alan Hawkshaw.
 "Despite the Weather" contains excerpts from "Camouflage" written by Bob Selvin.
 "Glowed Up" contains a sample of "Raindrops" by Bobby Heath, Eric Peters and Robert Hunter.
 "Breakdance Lesson N.1" features samples from the Attitude recording "Love Me Tonight", written by David Frank Michael Murphy.
 "Lite Spots" contains a sample of "Pontos De Luz" performed by Gal Costa, and written by Jards Macalé and Waly Salomão.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2016 albums
Albums produced by Kaytranada
Albums produced by BadBadNotGood
Kaytranada albums
Polaris Music Prize-winning albums
XL Recordings albums
Juno Award for Electronic Album of the Year albums
Albums produced by Tre Jean-Marie

99.9%


Timba is a village and former petty princely state in Gujarat, western India.

History
Timba was a Seventh Class taluka and princely state in Mahi Kantha, also comprising four more villages. Chieftains and part of the Gadhwara thana.

It had a combined population of 1,675 in 1901, yielding a state revenue of 935 Rupees (1903-4, mostly from land) and paying 50 Rupees tribute to timba State.

References

Princely states of Gujarat

Timba State


Anastasio "Tacho" Somoza Debayle (; 5 December 1925 – 17 September 1980) was the President of Nicaragua from 1 May 1967 to 1 May 1972 and from 1 December 1974 to 17 July 1979. As head of the National Guard, he was de facto ruler of the country between 1972 and 1974, even during the period when he was not the de jure ruler.

Somoza Debayle succeeded his older brother in office. He was the last member of the Somoza family to be president, ending a dynasty that had been in power since 1937.  After insurgents led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (; FSLN) were closing in on Managua in July 1979, Somoza fled Nicaragua. Power was ceded to the Junta of National Reconstruction.  He was assassinated in 1980 while in exile in Paraguay.

Name
As is customary in most Spanish-speaking countries, he was given both his parents' last names, Somoza being his father's last name and Debayle being his mother's last name. Debayle was of French origin.

Early years
Anastasio Somoza Debayle, nicknamed "Tachito" (Spanish: Little Tacho) by his father, was born in 1925 as the third child of Anastasio Somoza García and Salvadora Debayle. At the age of seven, he was enrolled at the Instituto Pedagógico La Salle, run by the Christian Brothers. One of his classmates was Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, who later became a journalist and publisher of La Prensa newspaper and one of the most prominent opponents of the Somoza dynasty.

From the age of ten, Tachito was educated in the United States. During this period their father became president of Nicaragua, and served from 1937 to 1947, and again from 1950 into 1956. He and older brother Luis Somoza Debayle both attended St. Leo College Prep (Florida) and La Salle Military Academy on Long Island.

Somoza attended La Salle with Lt. Andrew Edward Tuck III, uncle of American television host Stephen Colbert, and would stay at the family home in Larchmont during the holidays instead of returning to Nicaragua. This led to Somoza going on several dates with Andrew Edward's sister and Colbert's mother, Lorna.

Somoza Debayle passed the examination for West Point, entered the United States Military Academy on July 3, 1943, and graduated on June 6, 1946.

After his return to Nicaragua, Somoza Debayle was appointed chief of staff of the National Guard (Nicaragua's national army), by his father. The president had also appointed numerous family members and close personal friends to other important posts in his government. As commander of the Guard, the young Somoza was head of the nation's armed forces, effectively the second-most powerful man in Nicaragua.

Two years after his return from West Point, Somoza Debayle had an affair and fathered a daughter, Patricia. She was later sent to a series of schools abroad.

On 10 December 1950, Somoza married Hope Portocarrero, an American citizen and his first cousin. Their wedding was held at the Cathedral in Managua and officiated by Archbishop Jose Antonio Lezcano. Over 4,000 guests attended the ceremony. The reception was given by Somoza's father, President Anastasio Somoza García, in the luxurious and modern Palacio de Comunicaciones.

The couple had five children:
Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero
Julio Somoza Portocarrero
Carolina Somoza Portocarrero, married to James Minskoff Sterling, son of New York real estate developer Henry H. Minskoff
Carla Somoza Portocarrero
Roberto Somoza Portocarrero

Somoza and Hope attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953.

Following their father's assassination on 21 September 1956, Somoza's elder brother, Luis, took over the presidency. Anastasio also had a large hand in the government during this time; he helped ensure that the presidency was held by politicians loyal to his family from 1963 to 1967.

Presidency

Anastasio was elected president in his own right on 5 February 1967 and took office on 1 May, a few weeks after his brother's death. While Luis had ruled more gently than his father, Anastasio shared his father's cold intolerance of dissent. His rule soon resembled his father's in all significant respects, with harsh repression of dissent.

It has been claimed that with regard to educating the workforce, Somoza replied, "I don't want an educated population; I want oxen".

In 1968, Prince Rainier III bestowed Somoza with the Order of St. Charles, Monaco's highest honor.

He was due to leave office in May 1972; at the time, Nicaraguan presidents were barred from immediate re-election. However, prior to that, Somoza worked out an agreement that allowed him to stand for re-election in 1974. He would be replaced as president by a three-man junta consisting of two members of his Nationalist Liberal Party and one member from the opposition Conservative while he retained control of the National Guard. Somoza and his triumvirate drew up a new constitution that was ratified by the triumvirate and the cabinet on April 3, 1971. He stepped down as president on May 1, 1972. However, as head of the National Guard, he remained the de facto ruler of the country.

Anastasio Somoza and his son were both part owners of Plasmaferesis. The company collected blood plasma from up to 1,000 of Nicaragua's poorest persons every day for sale in the United States and Europe. According to El Diario Nuevo and La Prensa, "Every morning the homeless, drunks, and poor people went to sell half a liter of blood for 35 (Nicaraguan) cordobas.

On 23 December 1972, an earthquake struck the nation's capital, Managua, killing about 5,000 people and virtually destroying the city. The government declared martial law, and Somoza took over de jure as well as de facto control of the country as head of the National Emergency Committee. He reportedly embezzled a large amount of money from funds sent to Nicaragua from around the world to help rebuild Managua. Some parts of Managua have yet to be rebuilt or restored, including the National Cathedral.

Somoza also allegedly exported freshly imported emergency blood plasma abroad at the time of the earthquake, when most medical supplies in Nicaragua were desperately in short supply.

Somoza was re-elected president in the 1974 election. By this time, the Catholic Church had begun to speak out against his government (one of his fiercest critics was Ernesto Cardenal, a leftist Nicaraguan priest who preached liberation theology and was later appointed as the Sandinista government's Minister of Culture). By the late 1970s, human rights groups were condemning the record of the Somoza government. Support for the Sandinistas was growing inside and outside the country.

In July 1977, Somoza had a heart attack, and went to the US to recuperate.

Fall

In 1975 Somoza Debayle launched a campaign to crush the Sandinistas; individuals suspected of supporting the Front were targeted. The Front, named after Augusto César Sandino (a Nicaraguan rebel leader in the 1920s), began its guerrilla war against the Somozas in 1963. It received funds from the Soviet Union and Cuba under Fidel Castro. Support for the Sandinistas ballooned after the earthquake, especially when U.S President Jimmy Carter withdrew American support for the regime for human rights reasons, including the televised murder of American journalist Bill Stewart by government soldiers.

At this point, the opposition to the Somozas included not only Sandinistas, but other prominent figures such as publisher Pedro Chamorro (assassinated on January 10, 1978).  Israel was the last nation to supply weapons to the Somoza regime. During the 1947–1949 Palestine war when Israel struggled to become independent, Somoza's father provided substantial financial support for the new nation. President Carter forced the Israeli government to call back a ship carrying weapons vital to the survival of the Somoza regime.

Because of Somoza's status, most of his family members were forced to flee into Honduras, Guatemala, and the United States. It is uncertain where the surviving Somozas live; they changed their names to protect their own lives.

On July 17, 1979, Somoza resigned from the presidency and fled to Miami in a converted Curtiss C-46. He took with him the caskets of his father and brother and, it is claimed, much of Nicaragua's national treasure.
The country was left with $1.6 billion in foreign debt, the highest in Central America. After Somoza had fled, the Sandinistas found less than $2 million in the national treasury.

Denied asylum in the U.S. by President Carter, Somoza later took refuge in Paraguay, then under the rule of Alfredo Stroessner. He bought a ranch and a gated house at Avenida España no. 433 in Asunción, the capital. The president of the Nicaraguan Chamber of Deputies, Francisco Urcuyo, took over as acting president, but lasted only a day before peacefully handing Managua to the Sandinistas.

Assassination
Little more than a year later, Somoza was assassinated in Asunción on September 17, 1980. He was 54 years old. He was ambushed by a seven-strong Sandinista commando team (four men and three women). The action was known as "Operation Reptile".

The Sandinista team were armed with two Soviet-made machine guns, two AK-47 assault rifles, two automatic pistols, and an RPG-7 rocket launcher, with four anti-tank grenades and two rockets. The leader was Argentinian Marxist revolutionary Enrique Gorriarán Merlo (code named "Ramon"), an ex-Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo member. One of the team members said: "We cannot tolerate the existence of millionaire playboys while thousands of Latin Americans are dying of hunger. We are perfectly willing to give up our lives for this cause."

The Sandinista team had researched and planned their assault over a time period of more than six months. The team studied Somoza's movements via a team member who was staked out at a newspaper kiosk near the estate. The commando team also utilized disinformation tactics to gain access into important residencies under the guise of a famous  name, that being Julio Iglesias'. They waited in ambush for Somoza in Avenida España. Somoza was often driven about the city in a Mercedes-Benz S-Class sedan, which was believed to be unarmored. Team member Oswaldo, disguised as a paper boy, watched Somoza exit the estate and signaled when he was leaving at 10:10 am.

Once in position, Hugo Irurzún (Capitán Santiago) readied the RPG-7. He tried to fire an anti-tank rocket at the car, but the RPG-7 misfired. Ramon shot the chauffeur while Irurzún quickly reloaded the RPG with a new rocket. The second rocket directly hit the sedan. Accounts said that the car's engine kept running after the rocket explosion. Previously, the commando team had considered the possibility that Somoza's vehicle might be equipped with armor panels in front. Worried that it could deflect the rocket projectile, they chose to make a lateral attack on the vehicle. Somoza was killed instantly and burned, along with his new driver, César Gallardo, and Somoza's financial advisor, Colombian citizen Jou Baittiner. Later media reports in Paraguay said that Somoza's body was so unrecognizable that forensics had to identify him through his feet.

Of the seven assassins, six escaped. Iruzun was killed in a shootout with Paraguayan police the day after the assassination.

Somoza was buried in Miami, at Woodlawn Park Cemetery and Mausoleum. (His father, Somoza Garcia, was buried in Nicaragua.) A few months before Somoza's murder, his memoirs, Nicaragua Betrayed, were published. He blamed the Carter administration for his downfall. His son, Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero, went into exile in Guatemala.

Brian Latell, a former US National Intelligence Officer for Latin America and Cuba, argues in his book, After Fidel, that the plan to assassinate Somoza was devised in Havana, with direct input from Fidel Castro. According to him, the Sandinistas had won power in July 1979 with the assistance of massive, covert Cuban military aid. Fidel and his brother Raúl Castro purportedly developed a complex, multinational covert action to provide the Sandinistas with huge quantities of modern armaments. Latell claims Cuban intelligence and paramilitary advisors poured into Nicaragua along with the equipment. He says the evidence indicated that Somoza's assassination was similar to other such operations in which Cuban intelligence had been involved. He says that Somoza was a long-time nemesis of Castro after having provided critical support to the U.S. in preparing for the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in April 1961. Jorge Masetti, a former Argentine guerrilla working with Cuban intelligence services, describes the Somoza assassination and also asserts that Cuba had a direct role in planning it in his memoir, In the Pirate's Den (2002).

Somoza's funeral attracted numerous wealthy Nicaraguan and Cuban exiles in South Florida, who protested the left-wing governments of Nicaragua, led by the Sandinista National Liberation Front, and Cuba, led by the Communist Party of Cuba. But some commentators noted that the exiles in Miami were also relieved at Somoza's death. The newly founded Contra army, which consisted of many ex-members of Somoza's National Guard, would have had to give the impression of having no relation to the old Somoza regime, for purposes of public relations and world opinion.

In 1979, the Brazilian newspaper Gazeta Mercantil estimated that the Somoza family's fortune amounted to between $2 billion and $4 billion with its head, Anastasio Somoza Debayle, owning $1 billion. At the time he fled the country, he reportedly personally controlled 22 percent of the agricultural land of Nicaragua.

In popular culture
Somoza was the subject of the 1983 film Last Plane Out, in which he was portrayed by actor Lloyd Battista.  The film chronicles journalist Jack Cox's journey to Nicaragua, when Somoza was battling insurgents. The same year, he was depicted in Under Fire, set during the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution, this time portrayed by actor René Enriquez.  In Warren Beatty's Rules Don't Apply, Somoza is portrayed by Julio Oscar Mechoso. In Graham Greene's novel The Captain and the Enemy, the titular character's final act is a failed attempt at assassinating Somoza by crashing a plane into his bunker, though Somoza himself never appears in the book. Comedian Stephen Colbert's mother briefly dated him. Colbert still has his pants in his house as mentioned in the podcast Strike Force Five.

Publications

Books
 Nicaragua Betrayed, with Jack Cox. Belmont, Mass.: Western Islands (1980). . Full text.

See also

 National Guard (Nicaragua)
 Nicaraguan Revolution
 Somoza Family

References

Bibliography

Alegria, Claribel, and Flakoll, Darwin J. Death of Somoza. Curbstone Press, 1996.
Berman, Karl. Under the Big Stick: Nicaragua and the United States Since 1848. South End Press, 1986.
Booth, John A. The End And The Beginning: The Nicaraguan Revolution. Westview Press, 1985.
Booth, John A. and Thomas W. Walker. Understanding Central America. Westview Press, 1999.
Christian, Shirley. Nicaragua: Revolution in the Family. Vintage Books, 1986.
Crawley, Eduardo. Dictators Never Die: Nicaragua and the Somoza Dynasty. Palgrave Macmillan, 1979.
Diederich, Bernard. Somoza and the Legacy of U.S. Involvement in Central America. Markus Wiener Publishers, 2007.
Dillon, Sam. Comandos: The CIA and Nicaragua's Contra Rebels. Henry Holt & Co., 1992.
Kinzer, Stephen. Blood of Brothers: Life and War in Nicaragua. David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies, 2007.
Lake, Anthony. Somoza Falling: A Case Study of Washington at Work. University of Massachusetts Press, 1990.
Leiken, Robert S. (ed.) and Barry M. Rubin (ed.). The Central American Crisis Reader. Summit Books, 1987.
Merrill, Tim (ed.). Nicaragua: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1995.
Millett, Richard. Guardians of the Dynasty. Orbis Books, 1977.
Norsworthy, Kent and Tom Barry. Nicaragua: A Country Guide. Inter-Hemispheric Education Resource Center, 1990.
Pastor, Robert A. Condemned to Repetition: The United States and Nicaragua. Princeton University Press, 1987.
Pezzullo, Lawrence and Ralph Pezzullo. At the Fall of Somoza. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994.
Rees, John (ed.). Ally Betrayed...Nicaragua. Western Goals, 1980.
Somoza, Anastasio (as told to Jack Cox). Nicaragua Betrayed. Belmont, MA: Western Islands, 1980.
Towell, Larry. Somoza's Last Stand: Testimonies from Nicaragua. Red Sea Press, 1990.
Walker, Thomas W. Nicaragua: Living in the Shadow of the Eagle. Westview Press, 2003.
Zimmermann, Matilde. Sandinista: Carlos Fonseca and the Nicaraguan Revolution. Duke University Press, 2001.

1925 births
1980 deaths
People from León, Nicaragua
Anastasio
Nicaraguan people of Galician descent
Nicaraguan people of French descent
Nicaraguan Roman Catholics
Nationalist Liberal Party politicians
Presidents of Nicaragua
Nicaraguan anti-communists
Opposition to Fidel Castro
20th-century memoirists
Children of presidents of Nicaragua
People of the Nicaraguan Revolution
People of the Cold War
Saint Leo College Preparatory School alumni
United States Military Academy alumni
Exiled politicians
Nicaraguan exiles
Nicaraguan people murdered abroad
People murdered in Paraguay
Assassinated Nicaraguan politicians
Deaths by explosive device
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1980 murders in Paraguay
Politicide perpetrators
Nicaraguan expatriates in the United States
Nicaraguan expatriates in Paraguay
Burials in Florida
1980s assassinated politicians
Assassinated presidents in North America
20th-century assassinated national presidents

Anastasio Somoza Debayle


Crossens railway station was a railway station serving Crossens, a suburb of Southport, Sefton, Merseyside, England.

History
Located on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway main line between  and , it was opened to passengers by the West Lancashire Railwayin 1878. In April 1904 it became the last electrified station on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway's suburban lines from Liverpool Exchange railway station, forming a terminus of the Southport - Crossens electric branch. Services ended on 6 September 1964 with the closure of the Southport to Preston line.

Layout
The station consisted of two platforms. A turnback track siding was provided for the electric Class 502 trains if a through train to either Southport or Preston was scheduled.

Just beyond the end of the electrified section was a level crossing with a controlling signal box on the line from Southport to Preston.

References

Disused railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
Buildings and structures in Southport
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Beeching closures in England
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1964
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1878

Crossens railway station


Albert Streit (born Albert Ursachi 28 March 1980 in Bucharest) is a Romanian-German former professional footballer.

Career
Streit signed a three-year contract with Eintracht Frankfurt following the relegation of his previous team, 1. FC Köln, on 9 May 2006.

At the end of the season of 2006–07, he announced that had come to an agreement about his move to Schalke. Eintracht manager Friedhelm Funkel benched him for a few matches, arguing Streit was not training well. After an accord between Streit and Eintracht executive Heribert Bruchhagen he would have been allowed to move to Schalke if Streit would play hard in the final matches. The transfer finally failed because Schalke executive Andreas Müller refused to pay more than €2 million and Eintracht clearly turned down the offer.

Streit has repeatedly stated that his performances would be worthy to a call up for Germany, but Joachim Löw has so far refused to nominate him.

In October 2007, Eintracht chairman Heribert Bruchhagen offered him an improved two-year contract, but Streit announced on 12 November that he signed a four-year contract for Schalke beginning in summer of 2008. But in December 2007, Eintracht Frankfurt agreed to a prematurely move of Streit to Schalke in January 2008.

In January 2009, Streit was thrown out of the squad of the first team of Schalke. He had to play for the second team of Schalke in the Regionalliga. He joined Hamburger SV on 2 February 2009 on loan until the end of the season. After his return in July 2009, he was demoted to the reserve team from FC Schalke 04. His contract ended on 30 June 2012.

In December 2011 and after his former coach Friedhelm Funkel took over in Alemannia Aachen, it was announced that Streit will join the club until the end of the season.

On 6 January 2014, Streit cancelled the contract with Viktoria Köln. He signed for Fortuna Köln shortly afterwards, and helped them win promotion to the 3. Liga before retiring at the end of the 2013–14 season.

Personal life
Streit was born in Bucharest, Romania to Călin Ursachi and Renate Streit, he later took his mother's last name when his parents divorced.

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
VfL Wolfsburg players
1. FC Köln players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Eintracht Frankfurt II players
FC Schalke 04 players
Hamburger SV players
FC Schalke 04 II players
Alemannia Aachen players
FC Viktoria Köln players
SC Fortuna Köln players
German men's footballers
Germany men's B international footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Footballers from Bucharest
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Romanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
German people of German-Romanian descent
Romanian people of German descent
Romanian emigrants to Germany
Citizens of Germany through descent

Albert Streit


Latin Christian music (Spanish Musica Cristiana Latina) is a subgenre of Latin music and Contemporary Christian music. Christian music is well established in Latin America's Evangelical churches, but is also popular with the major Catholic community. Both the Latin Grammy Awards and Latin Billboard Music Awards have Christian music categories,   (e.g. Latin Grammy Award for Best Christian Album (Spanish Language)), though the markets are often underestimated due to low reporting.

Latin American artists

Notable artists include Brazilian singers Ana Paula Valadão and Aline Barros, Panamanian musician Santiago Stevenson (d. 2007), Jaime Murrell, Luis "Funky" Marrero, Puerto Rican rapper in the genre of hip-hop, reggaeton, and Christian contemporary music, Willy Redimi2 González Dominican rapper in Latin hip-hop, trap, and Christian contemporary music, Venezuelan pop singer José Luis Rodríguez, Daniel Calveti and Christian Sebastia, Mexican singers/pastors Jesús Adrián Romero, Marcos Witt, and Armando Flores, and singers Alejandro Alonso (musician), Marco Barrientos, Ecuador's Paulina Aguirre, Salvadorian Álvaro Torres, Colombia's Alex Campos and Ericson Molano, and Mexican band Rojo. Other artists include Samuel Hernández, Roberto Orellana, Annette Moreno, and Christian singers like Daniela G Mangrum.

American Latin artists
US artists include Texas-based singers Jaci Velasquez and Omar Salas, New Jersey-born musician Anthony Rodriguez and New York-born Christian pop artist Jon Montalban.

In Europe
Spain and Portugal also have their own local Christian music artists. Notable in Portugal is Catholic minister Padre José Luis Borga.

References

Latin American music
Christian music
Spanish-language music
Lusophone music
Latin music genres

Latin Christian music


James Hemings (1765-1801) was an enslaved man from Virginia.  He is famous for being Sally Hemings' older brother and for being Thomas Jefferson's chef, or head cook, while he was in Paris.  Jefferson freed him when he was 30 years old. He died at age 36.  He may have killed himself.

Early life and family

James Hemings was the son of an enslaved woman called Elizabeth "Betty" Hemings and a white man named John Wayles.  According to one of her grandchildren, Elizabeth Hemings was Wales' concubine.  This means they had a sexual relationship, and she was not his wife.

According to James' nephew, Madison Hemings, Elizabeth Hemings' mother was an African woman who might have been born in Africa.  She was enslaved to the Eppes family in Virginia. Historians do not know for sure what her name was.  Papers with the names of enslaved women in the Eppes family include "Dinah," "Judy," "Abbie," "Sarah," "Parthenia," and others.  Historian Annette Gordon-Reed said that there were many girls named "Thenia" in the Hemings family, and they might have been named after Parthenia.  But she also says that "Sally" is a nickname for "Sarah," and there were many girls named "Sarah" and "Sally" in the Hemings family too.

Madison Hemings told the story: Elizabeth Hemings' mother was an African woman and her father was an English sea captain named Hemings.  The sea captain tried to buy Elizabeth Hemings from her owner, but the owner said no.  He said he wanted to see what a half-white, half-African child would look like.  Then Captain Hemings tried to take the child away from the owner without paying, but someone told the owner about his plan. Captain Hemings left Virginia and did not come back.

Captain Hemings tried to take his daughter from one of the men in the Eppes family, but historians do not know which one because they do not know when Elizabeth Hemings was born.  One paper says "about 1735."

Elizabeth Hemings lived at the Eppes family's house, which was called Bermuda Hundred, until 1746.  That year, Martha Eppes married John Wayles.  Elizabeth and many other enslaved people went with Martha to Wayles' house as part of her marriage settlement.  A marriage settlement was any property that a married woman could control and her husband couldn't.  In Virginia in the 1700s, many marriage settlements had enslaved people in them.  Technically, the Eppes family owned Elizabeth Hemings.

Elizabeth Hemings had 12 children.  The father of most of those children, including James, was John Wayles.  John Wayles also had children with his wife, Martha Eppes.  This made James Hemings the half-brother of Martha Wayles Skelton, who married Thomas Jefferson.

When Martha Wayles Skelton married Jefferson, Hemings and 134 other enslaved people went with Martha Skelton to Jefferson's house at Monticello.  They were part of her own marriage settlement. James Hemings was 9 years old.

The Hemings family was the largest family at Monticello.  James grew up with his mother, brothers and sisters around him.  Unlike other enslaved people, Hemingses did not do much farm work.  The women sewed and made clothes.  Jefferson hired teachers so the Hemings' boys would learn jobs to do.  For example, he paid for Robert Hemings to learn to be a barber.

Historian Annette Gordon-Reed wrote that the Hemings brothers did not live the same way as other enslaved men: Jefferson spent a lot of time away from Monticello.  He told his white overseers that, while he was away, they should leave the Hemingses alone.  Jefferson let James and his brothers go where they wanted so long as they came back when he told them to.  James was allowed to look for jobs in Virginia, choose where to work, and keep his money.  There are papers showing James Hemings would rent a horse to ride from town to town.  But it was Jefferson who made these choices: The law said James Hemings was a slave. It said James Hemings could only do these things because Jefferson said he could.

Revolutionary War

Jefferson was elected Governor of Virginia in 1779 during the American Revolutionary War.  The capital of Virginia changed.  First it was Williamsburg, Virginia and then it was Richmond, Virginia.  James and his brother Robert went with Jefferson to Richmond to work for him.  When Benedict Arnold led British troops to attack Richmond in 1781, James and Robert took Martha Jefferson and her daughters away from the city.

France

When Thomas Jefferson went to France to be ambassador, he took James Hemings with him.  Because Jefferson was an ambassador, he had to have guests come to his to eat.  Those meals had to be very good.  Jefferson paid for James Hemings to have cooking lessons from French chefs.  One of his teachers was Monsieur Combeaux.  Another of his teachers was the same man who cooked for the Prince de Condé.  After about 19 months, James Hemings had learned enough to lead the kitchen at Jefferson's Paris house. The house was called the Hôtel de Langeac.

Jefferson paid James Hemings 24 livres a month.  Hemings spent some of his money on a tutor so he could learn to speak French very well.

After Jefferson had been in Paris for a while, he wanted his other daughter to come live in Paris too.  He wrote to his relatives and told them to send this daughter to Paris from Virginia.  She was named Maria, but people called her "Polly." James' sister Sally Hemings came with Polly from Virginia.  Sally Hemings fourteen when she arrived in Paris and Polly was nine.  Sally Hemings stayed as a paid servant at the Hôtel de Langeac.  We do not know when Thomas Jefferson began having sex with Sally Hemings, but she was pregnant when she was sixteen years old.

When James Hemings lived in Paris, Jefferson paid him as if he were a free man.  Historian Annette Gordon-Reed says this could be because Jefferson did not want anyone to know Hemings was an enslaved person.  The laws of France in the 1770s and 1780s did not allow people to keep slaves in France.  People who brought slaves to France had to either send them out of the country or free them within a certain time.  Enslaved people who knew about this law could go to the admiralty court and ask the French government to say they were free.   The judge at the admiralty court for Paris almost always agreed that the person was free.  Gordon-Reed says James Hemings could have stayed in Paris if he had wanted to.  There were about 1000 black people living in Paris at the time, and French aristocrats liked to employ them.  Hemings could have worked as a chef or cook.

Gordon-Reed says that if Hemings had gone to the admiralty court, Jefferson and the United States would have looked bad in front of the French.  She also says that if Jefferson had freed the Hemings brother and sister, it would have made Jefferson and the United States look good in front of the French.

However, neither of these two things happened.  According to Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson's son, Madison, Sally and James Hemings talked to Jefferson.  Jefferson, James Hemings and Sally Hemings made a deal in private: Jefferson promised to free all of Sally Hemings's children, whether he was their father or not.  Jefferson promised to free James Hemings after he had taught more people at Monticello how to cook in the French way.

Philadelphia

James Hemings came back to America with Jefferson.  Soon, Jefferson was made Secretary of State.  Again, he needed to have important people over for dinner.  James Hemings was his chef.  Jefferson paid Hemings the same wage as the free people who worked for him: seven dollars a month.  The capital of the United States changed from New York City to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1790.  The law of Pennsylvania said that if slave owners brought slaves to Pennsylvania, then those slaves were free after six months. (Enslaved people who ran away to Pennsylvania were not free, even after six months.)  James Hemings was in Philidelphia for more than six months.  Again, he could have gone to court and asked the judge to say he was a free man if he had wanted to.  We do not know why he did not.

While Jefferson and Hemings were in Pennsylvania, Jefferson wrote a contract:

Having been at great expence in having James Hemings taught the art of cookery, desiring to befriend him, and to require from him as little in return as possible, I do hereby promise and declare, that if the said James shall go with me to Monticello in the course of the ensuing winter, when I go to reside there myself, and shall there continue until he shall have taught such person as I shall place under him for that purpose to be a good cook, this previous condition being performed, he shall be thereupon made free, and I will thereupon execute all proper instruments to make him free. Given under my hand and seal in the county of Philadelphia and state of Pennsylvania this 15th. day of September one thousand seven hundred and ninety three.

This means:

Because I paid so much money for James Hemings to learn to cook and because I want to be nice to him, I promise I will free James Hemings if he comes back to Virginia with me this winter and teaches someone else to be my cook.  As soon as he has done this, I will make him free.  I will write and sign whatever papers I need to.  I am making this agreement as official as I can.  We're making this agreement in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on September 15, 1793.

Jefferson freed James Hemings in 1796 after he had taught his brother Peter to be a chef.

Later life

James traveled.  He might have gone back to Paris.  If he did, he found most of his old friends were dead and the city was very different.  Jefferson met him again in Philadelphia.

Jefferson won the United States presidential election of 1800.  He wanted James Hemings to come and work for him and be his chef again.  He asked a friend to find Hemings in Baltimore and tell him to come north.  Hemings sent letters back with the friend, but Jefferson never wrote to James himself.  We do not know if Hemings did not want to be President Jefferson's chef or if Jefferson only thought he did not want to.  However, James Hemings did work for Jefferson again, at Monticello, in 1801.  He was paid $30 for a few weeks of work.

Death
James Hemings died in 1801.  It is not clear if he killed himself.  One idea was that he died from drinking too much.  Gordon-Reed says that head chefs who ran kitchens, like James Hemings did, could become alcoholics. This was because chefs were allowed to drink alcohol from the house kitchens. It was also because there was a lot of pressure in the job.  Other historians say that a black man, even a free black men, in the late 1700s and early 1800s had a very, very hard life.

References

1765 births
1801 deaths
People from Virginia
Slaves

James Hemings


Carol Rosenberger (born 1933) is a classical pianist. In 1976, Rosenberger  was chosen to represent America's women concert artists by the President's National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year. She has given performance workshops for young musicians on campuses nationwide. Rosenberger recorded over 30 albums on the Delos Productions, Inc. recording label.  Rosenberger's memoir, To Play Again: A Memoir of Musical Survival was published in 2018 by She Writes Press.

Life
Born in Detroit, Michigan, Rosenberger studied in the U.S. with Webster Aitken and Katja Andy; in Paris with the legendary Nadia Boulanger; and in Vienna with the harpsichordist and Baroque scholar Eta Harich-Schneider and the Schenker theorist Franz Eibner. She has been the subject of articles in many of the nation's leading newspapers and magazines, and in 1976 was chosen to represent America's women concert artists by the President's National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year. She has been on the faculties of the University of Southern California, California State University Northridge and Immaculate Heart College. She has given performance workshops for young musicians on campuses nationwide.

Rosenberger has given numerous benefit performances for physical rehabilitation programs, an effort motivated by her own experience. Her official debut was delayed ten years by an attack of paralytic polio at the outset of her career. The disease damaged most severely the very muscles needed for piano playing. Rosenberger spent those ten years of seclusion and rehabilitation partly in Vienna, studying Baroque style and theory at the Academy and absorbing German lieder, opera, instrumental music and literature.

Between the late 1960s and the early 1980s, Rosenberger was a member of the piano faculties of the University of Southern California, Immaculate Heart College, and California State University, Northridge. At USC she taught a workshop for instrumentalists and vocalists entitled "Preparation for Performance," which drew upon the techniques she had developed to rehabilitate her own playing from the after-effects of paralytic polio. On her concert tours throughout the U.S., she often included piano workshops while performing at universities.

After making a number of recordings for Delos,  Rosenberger became interested in classical recording production and began co-producing recordings with Delos founder Amelia Haygood.  The Delos Recordings for Young People series was a result of this partnership.

Since the death of Amelia Haygood in 2007, Rosenberger has taken on a larger responsibility for the label and is now its director.

Concert history

Rosenberger's debut tour in 1970 received enthusiastic reviews from cities like New York City, Boston, London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin and other capitals. Rosenberger's recital programs and guest appearances with orchestras have carried her to most major European and American cities. She has been guest soloist with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, English Chamber Orchestra, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte Carlo, Moscow Chamber Orchestra, New York Chamber Symphony, National Symphony, Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, Seattle Symphony, Houston Symphony, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra; performing with conductors Gerard Schwarz, James DePreist, Constantine Orbelian, Neville Marriner, Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Izler Solomon, among others

Recording history

Over 30 recordings on the Delos label encompassed a wide range of piano repertoire. Her recording of  Howard Hanson's Fantasy Variations on a Theme of Youth, with Gerard Schwarz and the New York Chamber Symphony brought her a 1991 Grammy Nomination for Best Performance, Soloist with Orchestra. Rosenberger and Schwarz followed this recording with the rarely heard Hanson Piano Concerto with the Seattle Symphony. Together with Constantine Orbelian and the Moscow Chamber Orchestra, Rosenberger has recorded the premiere of Frank Bridge's Chamber Concerto for Piano and String Orchestra (arr. C. Orbelian), an arrangement of the Quintet (1912).

Rosenberger's celebrated series of concept-recordings began with Water Music of the Impressionists, which was selected by Stereo Review as one of the 25 Best Classical Compact Discs of all time, by Gramophone as a Recording of the Year, and by Billboard as an All-time Great Recording. The Impressionistic Night Moods  was the successful sequel, and a second water-music disc, Singing on the Water, included Barcarolles written especially for the album by Sir Richard Rodney Bennett and American composer David Diamond.

Together with label founder and co-producer Amelia Haygood, Rosenberger led the way into another area of concept recordings with the 1989 release of her Perchance to Dream, Lullabys for Children and Adults, which was one of the first classical CDs designed primarily for young people.

Together with Amelia, Rosenberger co-produced the Music for Young People Series. As producer of special recording projects combining music and narration, Rosenberger has worked with such narrators as James Earl Jones, Michael York and Natalia Makarova. She also wrote the script for Makarova's narrated version of Stravinsky's The Firebird, a recording that won the American Library Association's "Notable Recording" award.

Discography
Rosenberger's recordings (All on Delos)

Concerto solo with orchestra
 Strauss: Burlesk; Hanson: Piano Concerto; Hanson: Variations on a Theme of Youth; others ("Carol's Concerto Collection") • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; Seattle Symphony/New York Chamber Symphony • Delos DE 3306
 Bridge: Chamber Concerto arr. Orbelian • Constantine Orbelian, conductor; Moscow Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3263
 Hindemith: Four Temperaments • James DePreist, conductor; Royal Philharmonic Orchestra • Delos DE 1006
 Falla: Nights in the Gardens of Spain • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; London Symphony Orchestra • Delos DE 3060
 Shostakovich: Piano Concerto #1 • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3021
 Beethoven: Piano Concerto #4 • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; London Symphony Orchestra • Delos DE 3027
 Haydn: Piano Concerto #2 • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; Scottish Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3061
 Haydn: Piano Concerto #5 • Gerard Schwarz, conductor; Scottish Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3064
 Ravel: Piano Concerto, Adagio ("A French Romance") James DePreist, conductor; Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo • Delos DE 3202
 Mozart Adagios (from Piano Concertos K. 595, K. 488, K. 491) • Constantine Orbelian, conductor; Moscow Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3243
Piano solo

 Water Music of the Impressionists (Debussy, Ravel, Liszt) • Delos DE 3006
 Beethoven: Piano Sonatas: Op. 57; Op. 111 • Delos DE 3009
 Schubert: Sonata in B-Flat; Impromptus • Delos DE 3018
 Szymanowski: Masques; Etudes; Mazurkas • Delos DE 1002
 Night Moods (Chopin, Debussy, Faure, Griffes, Granados) • Delos DE 3030
 Reverie (Bach, Chopin, Debussy, Faure, Griffes, Liszt, Ravel) • Delos DE 3113
 Singing on the Water: Piano Barcarolles (Bennett, Chopin, Debussy, Diamond, Faure, Griffes, Rachmaninoff, Ravel) • Delos DE 3172

Chamber music recordings

 Chopin: Polonaise Brillante, Sonata Op. 65; Barber: Sonata Op. 6, Songs; Schumann: Adagio and Allegro Op. 70 ("Presenting Jian Wang")• with Jian Wang, cello • Delos DE 3097
 Bennett: Suite for Skip and Sadie • Walton: Duets for Children ("My Keyboard Friends") • with Richard Rodney Bennett, piano • Delos DE 6002
 Mozart • Beethoven: Quintets for Piano and Winds • with David Shifrin, clarinet; Allan Vogel, oboe; others • Delos DE 3024
 Brahms • Schumann: Sonatas for Clarinet & Piano • with David Shifrin, clarinet • Delos DE 3025

Recordings for young people

 Perchance to Dream: A Lullaby Album for Children and Adults (Kabalevsky, Tchaikovsky, Mozart, Schumann, Beethoven, Chopin, Bach, Haydn, Brahms) • Delos DE 3079
 Such Stuff as Dreams: A Lullaby Album for Children and Adults (Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Kabalevsky, Schumann, Beethoven, Grieg, Ravel, Debussy, Satie, Mendelssohn)• Delos DE 3230
 Baby Needs Lullabys (Schumann, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Liszt, Debussy, Tchaikovsky, Haydn, Bach, Brahms) • Delos DE 1619
 Prokofiev: Music for Children, Op. 65 ("Prince Ivan and the Frog Princess") • with Natalia Makarova, narrator • Delos DE 6003
 Tchaikovsky: Album for the Young, Op. 39 ("The Snow Queen") • with Natalia Makarova, narrator • Delos DE 6004
 "Beauty and the Beast" in the style of Rachmaninoff; "With a Smile and a Song" in the style of Chopin ("Heigh-Ho! Mozart: Favorite Disney tunes in Classical Style") • Donald Fraser, conductor and arranger; English Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3186
 "A Whole New World" in the style of Chopin; "So This is Love" in the style of Debussy ("Bibbidi Bobbidi Bach: Favorite Disney Tunes in Classical Style") • Donald Fraser, conductor and arranger; English Chamber Orchestra • Delos DE 3195
 Fraser: "I'm Flying," "Nocturne," "Distant Melody" ("The Best of Peter Pan") • Los Angeles Opera Orchestra; Grant Gershon, conductor; arrangements by Donald Fraser • Delos DE 3201

External links
 Delos Productions, Inc. Website
 Carol Rosenberger's Recordings
 Delos Music for Young People Series
 Water Music of the Impressionists
 Carol Rosenberger Official Biography
 To Play Again: A Memoir of Musical Survival

References

Living people
1933 births
Musicians from Detroit
University of Southern California faculty
California State University, Northridge faculty
Jewish classical pianists
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American women pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century American women pianists
21st-century American pianists
American women academics

Carol Rosenberger


Rose Cabat (June 27, 1914 – January 25, 2015) was an American studio ceramicist, classified as part of the mid-century modern movement who was best known for her innovative glazes upon small porcelain pots called 'feelies' often in the shape of onions and figs, and bowls. She was the oldest known actively practicing pottery artist in the United States.

Biography
Cabat was born as Rose Katz in 1914 in the Bronx, and married Ernest "Erni" Cabat in 1936. She began working in ceramics in 1940 after her husband brought home some clay from his job as an assistant to Vally Wiselthier, an art deco ceramicist who was making pieces for General Ceramics in Keasbey, New Jersey. After seeing her preliminary pieces, Erni gave Rose a membership at Greenwich House, where she learned how to use a potter's wheel.

Shortly after their first son George was born, he was found to have intractable asthma. The Cabat's decided to move to Arizona around 1942 in order to alleviate his condition. During World War II Rose worked as a riveter at the Davis-Monthan Army Air Field repairing war-damaged aircraft.

Rose was able to make primitive ceramics from the extra clay that Erni was able to obtain from brickyards. She made some coil figures until Erni was able to convert a washing machine to a potter's wheel. Eventually, Erni ordered a Randall kickwheel, which Rose used to the end. She made ceramics in her spare time, as she worked in a munitions plant during World War II.

Post WWII
After the war, Rose continued to make craft ceramics such as wind bells, animal shapes and other commodity pieces to help support the family, while Erni worked in Tucson as a graphic artist and in advertising. Erni wrote several children's books. They became friends with local artists, and helped to start the Art Center, the forerunner of the Tucson Museum of Art. The Cabats had two more children, Mike and June.

In 1956, the Cabats took a glaze calculation class at the University of Hawaii and began the development of glaze formulas which were later applied to the "feelie" forms that become Rose Cabat's signature pieces. In about 1960, Rose hit upon the basic form of the vessel which would become the foundation of the "feelies". She created a pot with a delicate closed neck, which could not hold even a single slender stem or stalk. She stated, "A vase can hold weeds or flowers, but can't it just be a spot of beauty?"

By 1966, Rose Cabat was beginning to be recognized as a craft artist, with the exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum, Craftsmen USA, where she exhibited a casserole. In 1973, her feelies were exhibited in Everyday Life in Early America as contemporary counterparts to pioneering American craftspeople. The Tucson Art Museum loaned one of Rose Cabat's blue-green Feelies to the Mansion of the Vice President, Walter Mondale at the time, to be displayed in the living room along with other works of art.

Rose and Erni continued to produce ceramics, including feelies and bowls with their signature glazes. While Rose and Erni collaborated on the feelies and other ceramic forms, Erni ran his ad agency in Tucson until the age of 62 when he had felt that the family could be supported with the income from the "feelies" and other ceramics as well as his own artwork. Erni ran the business, weighed out the glaze components, while Rose did the craft and the art. Each year on their anniversary, Erni would give Rose a gift of a painting of the two of them or of Rose. In 1994, Rose was unnerved by Erni's anniversary painting, and in the following months, he wrote detailed instructions of how to take care of the business, and how he did things. On November 9, 1994, Erni died in his sleep, aged 80.

Last years
After 1994, Rose continued to produce feelies and bowls, despite her decreasing mobility, with her daughter June running the business end of things. Rose Katz Cabat died on January 25, 2015, at the age of 100, survived by her three children and extended family.

Feelies
Feelies are described as onion, fig, cucumber and saucer-shaped ceramic vases terminating in an upward closed neck. Bruce Block, an avid collector, has described them as sensual and tactile with a very specific unforgettable texture, spiritual seeming to contain a type of energy. She developed a silky satiny glaze, and it was not until around 1960 that she had hit upon the first of the appropriate forms, svelte and sleek to match the glaze. She exclaimed, "Now this one's a feelie", coining the term. Upon developing the new glazes, she felt that she needed new forms to apply the glazes to, different from what she made before, "craft fair" style coiled heads and wind bells.

She was quoted as saying, "The old things did not look good ... I wanted simpler shapes that went with the glazes."
They are typically globular in shape, tightening down to a minuscule neck glazed to a satin surface. The tactile experience is most important.

Feelie types
Common shapes
Balloon-shaped
Pear-Shaped
Straight-Sided
Common Glazes
Onion Skin
Malachite
Apple green
Fruit skin
Lavender
Mauve and cream

Artistic context and impact
According to leading mid-century modern furniture and ceramics authority David Rago, Rose Cabat's feelies are the product of an especially refined and personal vision which are ultimately affordable. They are accessible in price as well as being immediately enjoyable by most people, but at the same time, beautiful and deep. "She distinguished herself by bringing beauty and craftsmanship into the realm of the discerning collector with average means."

When Rose Cabat began working on feelies in the 1960s, American studio ceramics was still in its infancy. Her work in the development of glazes and delicate thin-walled porcelain has moved American ceramics forward in a quietly profound way in contrast to the Natzlers and Peter Voulkos, whose challenging and daring revolutionary pieces have brought progress in bold strokes. Instead, her work is quietly contemplatively beautiful, "easy on the eye". She is considered an heir to the Arts and Crafts Movement in America who "brought American ceramics from adolescence to adulthood." "While some modern studio pottery is intellectual or even angst-ridden, the work of Rose Cabat ... expresses pure joy in its design and decoration."

Public Collections
 Arizona State University Art Museum, Tempe, Arizona
 Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York
 Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City, Kansas
 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York
 Museum of Arts and Design, New York, New York
 Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona
 Phoenix Airport Museum, Phoenix, Arizona
 Smithsonian National Museum of American History ("Everyday Life in America")
 Smithsonian American Art Museum, Renwick Gallery, Washington, D.C.
 Tucson Museum of Art, Tucson, Arizona

References

External links
Cabat Studio webpage

Sources
 Block, Bruce. "A Visit with Rose Cabat", Journal of the American Art Pottery Association. Volume 20, no. 4 (2004)

2015 deaths
1914 births
American ceramists
American centenarians
American potters
Artists from the Bronx
Artists from Tucson, Arizona
Women potters
American women ceramists
Women centenarians
21st-century American women

Rose Cabat


Allopumiliotoxin 267A is a toxin found in the skin of several poison frogs of the family Dendrobates. It is a member of the class of compounds known as allopumiliotoxins.  The frogs produce the toxin by modifying the original version, pumiliotoxin 251D. It has been tested on mice and found to be five times more potent than the former version. It has been produced synthetically through a variety of different routes.

See also
 Pumiliotoxin
 Allopumiliotoxin

References

Amphibian toxins
Alkaloids
Ion channel toxins
Vicinal diols

Allopumiliotoxin 267A


Shazam! Power of Hope is a 64-page DC Treasury prestige format graphic novel published by DC Comics in November 2000. Written by Paul Dini with painted art by Alex Ross, Shazam!: Power of Hope is a tale of a superhero using his powers in the most human of ways: to instil hope in the hearts of children. When Billy Batson, Captain Marvel's adolescent alter ego, receives a letter from a terminally ill boy in the Children's Hospital of the city, he decides to spend a few days in the ward. A kid at heart, Captain Marvel tries to add some joy to the children's lives by taking them on flying escapades, and filling them with awe stories of his own.

Plot
In the introductory comic, Billy Batson is shown being thrown out of his uncle's house. Despite his hardship, he is still hopeful. Seeing this, the wizard summons him to the Rock of Eternity, there transforming him into Captain Marvel.

After a long day at the radio station, Billy Batson's plans to go to a baseball game go by the wayside when he is asked to go through a mailbag filled with letters to Captain Marvel. Batson returns to his apartment where he lives alone, mentioning that he once transformed into Captain Marvel to sign the lease. Batson finds a letter asking Captain Marvel to visit a hospital for sick children. As Captain Marvel, he meets with the Wizard Shazam who tells him about a child in despair in desperate need of the hope which only Captain Marvel could provide. When he arrives at the hospital, the children are happy to see their hero, except for one child in a wheelchair who Marvel believes needs his help.

In the meantime, Captain Marvel tends to the other children at the hospital and strives to make each of their dreams come true. He treats some of them to a trip to the zoo, a dive into the ocean, and he even brings back a doctor from Japan to perform a challenging eye surgery on a little girl. On one of his trips, things go awry when a nearby dam explodes due to illegal workers at a nearby government mine. Luckily, he saves the children just in time before the breached water brings them to a waterfall.

Later at the hospital, Captain Marvel asks the lead doctor, Dr. Ellen Miler, about the boy in the wheelchair he met earlier. Marvel discovers that his father brought him to the hospital, explaining that his son fell down the basement stairs, and learns that the boy's name is Bobby. Noticing the bruises on his arm and his broken leg, Marvel soon deducts that Bobby had been severely beaten by his father. Captain Marvel decides to talk to the boy as Billy, hoping he'll open up to someone his age. Billy shares that he, too, has experienced a difficult childhood, and Bobby asks Billy if his father also hurt him.

Later, Billy meets the child's father, and then threatens him as Captain Marvel, telling him not to hurt his son anymore. After his visit is over, Captain Marvel learns from the Wizard that it was Billy, himself, whose hope was waning, and that this visit served as a reminder for how he could inject good into the world. Happy as ever, Billy decides to visit Bobby to play a game of catch.

Fake cancellation
As part of an April Fool's Day gag, Wizard Magazine #104 featured a mock cover and synopsis for a Wonder Twins themed book, titled Wonder Twins: Form of Water. The fake article stated that Alex Ross would not produce the Captain Marvel book, and instead the Wonder Twins book would be produced because the artist was a huge fan of Super Friends TV show. The fake storyline involved the teen heroes using their powers to stop a drought and save their monkey sidekick Gleek. Later, in Wizard Magazine #111, a first page full article showed the actual Shazam book.

Reception
The work was critically lauded by Comic Bulletin for the realistic depiction of Captain Marvel as well as Ross' photorealistic art.  Newsarama positively reviewed the book.

References

External links

2000 graphic novels
2000 comics debuts
Captain Marvel (DC Comics)
Comics by Paul Dini
DC Comics graphic novels

Shazam! Power of Hope


Jacob Goodale Lipman (1874, Friedrichstadt, Courland Governorate — 1939, New Brunswick, New Jersey) was a professor of agricultural chemistry and researcher in the fields of soil chemistry and bacteriology.

Lipman was born in Friedrichstadt (now Jaunjelgava in Latvia) on November 18, 1874. Attending school in Moscow, he later attended the gymnasium in Orenburg. He and his family immigrated to the United States in 1888, quickly settling on a farm in Woodbine, New Jersey, where he learned about agriculture. His brother Charles Bernard Lipman would later become a professor of plant physiology. In 1894, he enrolled into Rutgers College to study agricultural science and its founding principles, coming under the influence of E. V. Voorhees. He later attended Cornell University to study advanced chemistry and bacteriology. Lipman was appointed to the Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in charge of its Department of Soil Chemistry and Bacteriology. Soon afterward, he became an instructor, then professor, of agricultural chemistry at nearby Rutgers College.

Lipman spent his entire career at the Agricultural Experiment Station and Rutgers. In 1911, he became director of the Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.

Nobelist Selman Waksman wrote a biography of the researcher, entitled Jacob G. Lipman: agricultural scientist, humanitarian (1966). He quotes Lipman stating: "We are indebted to science for a clearer vision of the great laws of nature and of the methods of the Divine Creator. The men of science, in carrying on their labors in a spirit of reverence and humility, try to interpret the great book of knowledge in order that the paths of man may fell in more pleasant places, and the ways of human society may be better keeping the divine purpose."

References

External links
 A photo of Lipman in 1925

1874 births
1939 deaths
Rutgers University faculty
American bacteriologists
American biochemists
Cornell University alumni
People from Woodbine, New Jersey
Presidents of the International Union of Soil Sciences
Presidents of the American Society of Agronomy
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States

Jacob Goodale Lipman


National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic" is a Ukrainian university in Poltava. It is located on Pershotravneva Avenue. Previously known as Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University, PoltNTU.

History

Early history
The Central Building of the university is a monument of architecture of the first hald of 19th century, built in the classical style. The building was architectured by Louis Charlemagne a part of the Empire-style ensemble of Poltava city center, and constructed in 1828–1832.

The Institute of Noble Maidens, founded on December 12, 1818, by Varvara Riepina in Poltava, became the first educational institution of closed type for noble girls in the Russian empire's principal town of a province. Over the hundred-year activity period, various famous Ukrainian, Russian and Czech culture activists had worked at the institute.

20th century
In January, 1918, the Institute of Noble Maidens was evacuated to Vladikavkaz due to the October Revolution, where it started the process of founding and developing a municipal girls' school.

From 1918 to 1930, the Central Building of the Institute was used as a land management technical school, orphanage, gardening school and other establishments and organizations.

In the 1930s, the system of newly created higher education institutions was intended for satisfying the fast growing need of engineers for the great construction site that the whole USSR had become then, and Poltava became a union center of training agricultural construction engineers. Poltava Institute of Agricultural Construction was created in 1930. The faculty of agricultural construction was housed at the former building of the Institute of Noble Maidens on Petrshotravnevyi Avenue, 24. This building became the main one for the higher education institution.

At the beginning of military action at the Eastern Front of World War II, the teachers and students had to evacuate the institute to Oral, Kazakhstan. The graduates and teachers participated in the war. The students of the institute cared for the injured and stored fuel while continuing studying.

In October, 1942, they returned to Poltava, and had to rebuild it, as well as the building of the institute, destroyed during the war. For the first ten years after the war, the teachers and students worked on Shevchenko St, 8. While rebuilding the institute campus, the engineering team of the Institute of Agricultural Construction (renamed in 1961 to the Institute of Engineering and Construction) was growing and multiplying the facilities of the institution.

In 1954–1971, new faculties were opened, such as the faculty of industrial and civil construction, the architectural, sanitary and technical, general technology faculties, the faculty for extramural studies with evening school, the faculty of further education. In this period, other buildings of the institute were built, new dormitories for students constructed.

The period of independent Ukraine
In 1992, the institution was reformed from a construction institute training specialists in 6 specializations to a university working in 26 directions, such as economical, electromechanical, ecological, architectural, construction etc. Thanks to the fruitful work of teachers and professors of the institution, the conditions were created for it to receive the highest accreditation of IV level, and be renamed to a technical university according to the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of August 29, 1994. In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 302/2002 of March 27, 2002, the university received the status of "National University".

On June 21, 1997, to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Yuri Kondratyuk's birthday, the university was given his name by the decree of the government.

On August 2, 2019, by the Decree of the Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine Liliia Hrynevych, Poltava National Technical Yuri Kondratyuk University was renamed to National University "Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic".

Campuses and Buildings
The University consists of the following buildings:
Central studying building «Ц» (historical monument of architecture);
9 studying buildings: «Л», «П», «А», «Ф», «В», «У», «Д», «К», «Н»;
Laboratory facilities and modules;
The stadium and sports complex;
Campus of 5 dormitories for students and dispensary.

Institutes and Faculties

Faculties
Architectural;
Construction;
Electromechanical;
Oil-gas and nature management;
Finance and economics;
Management and business;
Information and telecommunication technologies and systems;
Humanitarian;
Centre of Postgraduate Education;
Preparation department for foreign students;

Separate divisions
Poltava Petroleum Exploration College;
Myrhorod State Art Industrial College.

See also
 Аналитик

References

External links
Official site

Universities and colleges in Poltava
National universities in Ukraine

Poltava National Technical University


WMYA-TV (channel 40) is a television station licensed to Anderson, South Carolina, United States, broadcasting the digital multicast network Dabl to Upstate South Carolina and Western North Carolina. It is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting and operated under a local marketing agreement (LMA) by Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Asheville, North Carolina–based ABC/MyNetworkTV affiliate WLOS (channel 13). However, Sinclair effectively owns WMYA-TV, as the majority of Cunningham's stock is owned by the family of deceased group founder Julian Smith. The nominal main studio for WMYA-TV is the WLOS office in Greenville, South Carolina; WMYA-TV's transmitter is located in Fountain Inn, South Carolina.

Founded as WAIM-TV in 1953, the station primarily broadcast local network programming to the Anderson area, serving as an affiliate of ABC and CBS after 1956. However, it lost ABC affiliation at the start of 1979 and failed as an independent station after six months, leading to more than five years of silence. It reemerged as WAXA and had more success serving the market, including two years as the region's first Fox affiliate. However, after the death of its owner in 1987 and more than a year off the air, the station was sold to WLOS for use as a rebroadcaster to reach areas of the Upstate that its Asheville-centric signal could not. In 1995, WLOS converted WAXA to separate programming as independent WFBC-TV. It then became an affiliate of The WB and later MyNetworkTV. Its programming was moved to a subchannel of WLOS in 2021, leaving WMYA to rebroadcast national digital subchannels. In 2022, the station became the ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) transmitter for upstate South Carolina; its subchannels are now transmitted by other local stations on its behalf.

History

WAIM-TV
On February 29, 1952, Wilton E. Hall, publisher of the Anderson Independent and Daily Mail (since merged as the Anderson Independent-Mail) and owner of radio stations WAIM (1230 AM) and WCAC-FM (101.1 FM, now WROQ), applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for approval to build a new television station in Anderson on channel 58. Another application was filed for channel 58 by the Anderson Television Company, and in August 1953, at Hall's request, the FCC added channel 40 to Anderson. The FCC then granted the construction permit for WAIM-TV on September 30, 1953. The station was quickly built and began broadcasting on December 11, 1953.

Originally an affiliate of CBS, the station's financial viability was nearly immediately jeopardized. Spartanburg radio station WORD held a construction permit for very high frequency (VHF) channel 7 and sought to use it on an interim basis from Paris Mountain,  west of Spartanburg and closer to Anderson than the originally proposed site of Hogback Mountain. The threat of a new VHF station which, unlike the UHF station Hall operated, could reach all homes without sets having to be converted immediately dimmed WAIM-TV's prospects. In February 1954, Hall petitioned the FCC to set aside its earlier grant of temporary authority for WORD-TV, later changed to WSPA-TV, to broadcast from Paris Mountain, having already lost nearly $60,000 in canceled advertising contracts and lost CBS revenue; he feared losing his CBS affiliation altogether. WAIM-TV was one of three stations protesting this relocation of channel 7, along with WGVL (channel 23) in Greenville and the never-built WSCV (channel 17) in Spartanburg; all three protests were denied.

WGVL and WAIM-TV took the case to the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit, seeking injunctive relief from the FCC ruling, in the summer of 1954. On January 31, 1955, the appeals court heard arguments by WGVL and WAIM against the WSPA-TV authorization on Paris Mountain, having obtained six months prior a restraining order preventing Spartan from building its transmitter facility until the case was heard (though the studios were near completion and initial preparations had been made on Paris Mountain). While WGVL and WAIM-TV claimed that the FCC should not have granted the application without giving them a hearing, the commission argued that they did not have standing to show injury that would be caused by WSPA-TV going on air and that the procedure the stations sought to use was the improper forum to delay such a grant. Even though the two UHF stations won a hearing at the FCC, the hearing examiner's recommendation would not be favorable to them. Examiner James D. Cunningham recommended the FCC approve the WSPA-TV move to Paris Mountain, saying that the UHF stations "failed to make a satisfactory showing" as to the economic damages they would incur and that, because UHF converters were widely distributed in their broadcast areas, they would not be at a disadvantage. WGVL and WAIM-TV counsel asked for oral argument on the decision, warning that it would be "aggravating the forces now making for unequal competition in the television field and hastening the trend towards complete obliteration of UHF".

The FCC made a final decision in favor of Spartan on March 9, 1956, reaffirming many of the arguments made by the hearing examiner. When the appeals court gave its approval for WSPA-TV, WGVL and WAIM-TV announced their intentions to leave the air. On Sunday, April 29, 1956, WSPA-TV signed on; channel 23 left the air that day, Concurrently, the station also unsuccessfully sought relief in the form of moving channel 7 out of the Upstate and to Knoxville, Tennessee, while Hall engaged with equipment manufacturer Federal Telecommunications Laboratories in a legal dispute; he stopped paying what he owed on a transmitter he claimed was defective, "worthless and useless" because it could not broadcast network color programming in color.

WAIM-TV temporarily suspended operation on May 28, only to return two days later after securing additional programming. In July, it became an affiliate of ABC. In addition to a secondary affiliation with CBS, the station also broadcast South Carolina Educational Television daytime programs for schools for a time in the 1960s. While WAIM-TV's ABC affiliation agreement allowed it to carry any network program not aired by WLOS in Asheville, which was not receivable in the Anderson area, WLOS permitted the station to rebroadcast all ABC programs it aired. The station aired a limited schedule and sold very little local advertising.

In 1977, Hall announced the sale of his broadcasting properties to Frank L. Outlaw II of Greenville; the $850,000 transaction marked his retirement. Outlaw promised to begin live TV broadcasts from the Anderson studio. The sale was approved by the FCC the next year—with Outlaw selling a half-stake to Frank Nations and doing business under the name "The ONE Corporation" (Outlaw-Nations Entertainment)—but it also started the clock ticking on the need to reinvent channel 40. The owners had feared that they could have had to shutter the station on July 1, but ABC gave the station an extra six months to continue broadcasting its programming through the end of 1978, and in the last two months of the year, the station began to transition its schedule to that of an independent. On January 1, 1979, WAIM-TV became a full-time independent station.

Rather quickly, Nations and Outlaw found that Anderson merchants were not ready to do much television advertising. The station needed to get on cable across the Upstate to be viable as an independent. While some systems added WAIM-TV, cable penetration was too low in those days to meaningfully increase the station's potential audience. In January 1979, daily program hours were cut back from 16 to 8; Nations and Outlaw soon put the station on the market. In mid-May 1979, the transmitter broke down, plunging channel 40 into a silence that would last five years.

Nations and Outlaw sold a minority stake in the station to Ivey Communications of Orlando, Florida. Plans were formulated to return the station to service by the summer of 1980 with an upgraded physical plant. By December 1980, mid-1981 was cited as a date for the station's return.

WAXA
New South Television sold WAIM-TV in 1983 to Mark III Broadcasting of South Carolina, a subsidiary of Atlanta-based Agronomics, Inc. Agronomics changed the call letters to WAXA, obtained approval for a new tower site for the station, and broke ground in November 1983 on studios on the U.S. 29 bypass. The new transmitter facility would permit the station to cover the entire Upstate, though not Asheville; WAXA applied for a translator to cover that area.

After five and a half years, channel 40 returned to South Carolina screens on October 1, 1984, with a lineup mostly consisting of movies and syndicated reruns. Several local programs were added, including three music video shows and public affairs program Straight Talk. Stereo sound broadcasting began in March, making WAXA the first station in South Carolina to provide it.

WAXA was the area's first Fox affiliate when the network started on October 9, 1986; it also debuted on Asheville cable the next month, a major development for a station that had long struggled to reach viewers in western North Carolina.

However, momentum soon was halted by the death of Agronomics owner Anthony Kupris in October 1987; his widow Mary was largely an absentee owner who at one point told the Greenville News, "I'm not a broadcaster". In May 1988, Mary reached a deal to sell WAXA to Jones Commercial, Inc., of Chicago. Another major setback occurred while the deal was pending when Pappas Telecasting Companies, owner of competing independent WHNS (channel 21), secured a group affiliation deal with Fox; one of the reasons cited for the change was that channel 40 had been unhappy with the poor performance of Fox's Saturday night lineup. No contract was ever finalized with Jones, and while WAXA claimed that getting out of its Fox affiliation was reducing programming costs, it did lay off some staff in late 1988 for what it termed "budgetary reasons".

Simulcast of WLOS
In March 1989, it was reported that AnchorMedia, the owner of WLOS, was interested in acquiring WAXA. The next month, a sale contract was announced, as were plans for AnchorMedia to run the station as a satellite of WLOS for the benefit of viewers who received a marginal signal from that station.

The AnchorMedia deal required FCC approval, which was its own wrinkle because it would have created overlap with WLOS. At the time, one company could not own two television stations in the same media market. Awaiting this approval, and with many program contracts expiring, WAXA went off the air on September 1, 1989. Six months later, the FCC ruled; it found that the purchase of WAXA was not in the public interest and denied the transaction. However, the two parties continued to negotiate a simulcast agreement by which the station would not be sold outright but still simulcast WLOS.

In January 1991, WAXA returned to the air as a near-total simulcast of WLOS. AnchorMedia and Mary Kupris appealed the FCC's denial of the outright sale of the station and won a victory at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, which ordered the FCC to reconsider its denial; one concurring statement by Laurence Silberman noted that the court even considered ordering the transfer granted and expressed the opinion that "there is no alternative use for the frequency". That August, a public affairs program for the Anderson area, Viewpoint 40, was introduced as an opt-out for WAXA viewers only. In 1992, WLOS reached a deal with the Independent-Mail to share news material and announced it would start producing a South Carolina newscast at 6 p.m. for air on channel 40.

WB and MyNetworkTV affiliation
AnchorMedia, under the name Continental Broadcasting, sold its three television stations to River City Broadcasting of St. Louis in 1994. River City embarked on a strategy to operate channel 40 with separate programming from WLOS. On September 2, 1995, the station became independent station WFBC-TV (call letters previously used by WYFF from 1953 to 1983), using a mix of newly acquired programs and shows to which WLOS already held the rights.

River City sold its assets to Sinclair Broadcast Group in 1996. Because River City had split WFBC-TV from WLOS, Sinclair itself could not purchase both stations. The license for WFBC-TV was assigned to Glencairn, Ltd., a new group headed by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards. The family of Sinclair Broadcast Group founder Julian Sinclair Smith owned 97 percent of Glencairn's stock, effectively making WLOS and WFBC-TV a duopoly in violation of FCC rules. Pulitzer Broadcasting, owner of WYFF, petitioned against the River City sale of WFBC-TV to Glencairn, contending that the combination of the Glencairn sale and a proposed local marketing agreement with Sinclair would give the latter an "unfair competitive wedge" in the market.

Rainbow/PUSH, headed by Jesse Jackson, filed challenges against Glencairn's planned merger with Sinclair in 1998, citing concerns over a single company holding two broadcast licenses in one market and arguing that Glencairn—headed by former Sinclair executive Edwin Edwards, a Black man—passed itself off as a minority-owned company. The FCC levied a $40,000 fine against Sinclair in 2001 for illegally controlling Glencairn; it also prevented Sinclair from buying WBSC-TV outright because there would have been fewer than eight unique TV station owners in the market as a result. Glencairn subsequently changed its name to Cunningham Broadcasting Corporation, but its stock is still almost entirely owned by the Smith family, and the companies continued to be closely related.

As part of a 1997 affiliation agreement between Sinclair and The WB, WFBC-TV became a WB affiliate on September 6, 1999, and changed its call letters to WBSC-TV to reflect its programming and location in South Carolina.

In 2006, when The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, Sinclair first elected to affiliate with MyNetworkTV, a new network started by Fox Television Stations, over The CW. On March 2, ten days after the network's existence was announced on February 22, Sinclair affiliated 17 stations it owned or managed, including WBSC-TV, with the network. The call letters were changed to WMYA-TV in recognition of the new network affiliation. Local programming also continued to air. In 2008, the station began airing a fall package of local high school football games—North Carolina games on Thursdays and South Carolina games on Fridays—which by 2015 drew viewership comparable to or greater than MyNetworkTV programming.

On September 20, 2021, "My 40" and the MyNetworkTV programming moved exclusively to the 13.2 subchannel of WLOS. This left the WMYA-TV multiplex airing four diginets, with the main subchannel airing Dabl, in time for ATSC 3.0 conversion in 2022.

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's ATSC 1.0 channels are carried on the multiplexed digital signals of other television stations in the market:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WMYA discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over UHF channel 40, on February 17, 2009, one day after the original date for full-power television stations in the United States to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which Congress had moved the previous week to June 12). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 14, using virtual channel 40. The analog signal remained on for a time after as part of the SAFER Act to provide transition information.

ATSC 3.0 lighthouse

On June 2, 2022, WMYA-TV was converted to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV), with simulcasts from WYFF, WSPA-TV, WLOS and WHNS.

References

ATSC 3.0 television stations
Dabl affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
TBD (TV network) affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
MYA-TV
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Television channels and stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in South Carolina
Anderson, South Carolina

WMYA-TV


The Throne of Fire is a 2011 fantasy adventure novel written by American author Rick Riordan. It is the second novel in The Kane Chronicles series, which tells of the adventures of modern-day fourteen-year-old Carter Kane and his twelve-year-old sister - Sadie Kane, as they discover that they are descended from the ancient Egyptian pharaohs Narmer and Ramesses the Great. It was released on May 3, 2011. The book takes place roughly three months after the first book, The Red Pyramid. It is followed by the third and final book in the series, The Serpent's Shadow, which was released on May 1, 2012.

Plot

Sadie and Carter Kane must find the three scrolls of the Book of Ra, to wake the sun god Ra from his sleep, and stop Apophis, the serpent of chaos, from destroying the world. The first scroll is hidden inside the Brooklyn Museum. With two of their magician trainees, Jaz and Walt, the Kane siblings manage to retrieve the scroll, fighting off a griffin and evil spirits. That night as she sleeps, Sadie's ba (soul) leaves her body and travels to the Hall of Ages, the House of Life's headquarters. She sees Desjardins, the Chief Lector of the House of Life, discussing a plot to destroy Brooklyn House with a man named Vladimir Menshikov. Meanwhile, Carter's ba meets with the god Horus, who warns him that the gods might attack him if he tries to wake Ra.

On Sadie's birthday, she decides to go to London to visit friends, but is attacked by the baboon god Babi and the vulture goddess Nekhbet, who are possessing her grandparents. She is rescued by Bes, the dwarf god. He then accompanies Sadie and Carter to the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. There, the siblings find the second scroll with Menshikov, who has summoned Set and trapped him in a vase. Menshikov discovers them and unleashes a four-legged, two-headed snake that wounds and poisons Carter before Sadie kills it. Sadie is no match for Menshikov's magic, so she releases Set from the vase, and he knocks Menshikov unconscious. Set tells Sadie the location of the third scroll and the name of Zia's home village. In exchange, Sadie gives back his secret name, releasing her control over him. Then, she heals Carter.

Carter and Sadie separate: Walt helps Sadie find the third scroll in the Valley of Golden Mummies, and Bes escorts Carter to Zia's village. Walt and Sadie successfully obtain the third scroll after warding off a horde of angry Roman mummies. Carter and Bes find Zia in an induced sleep. Carter wakes her, and Zia, having no memories of the adventures her shabti (animated clay or wax figures that can appear to be real humans or animals) had with Carter, attacks him, believing him to be a traitor. Desjardins and Menshikov arrive, and they cage Bes and decide to execute Carter. Sadie and Walt appear just in time, releasing Bes from his cage. Bes banishes Menshikov and Desjardins back to the Hall of Ages, and Menshikov begins assembling a demonic task force to destroy Brooklyn House. Sadie persuades Zia to join forces with them, and Zia and Walt leave to defend Brooklyn House. Carter and Sadie climb into Ra's boat and travel into the Duat to retrace Ra's journey along the River of Night, through the Houses of Night.

On the way, they encounter a giant man with horns, one of three aspects of Ra's soul. They read to him from the first scroll of Ra, and he allows them to pass. The siblings travel through a Lake of Fire, and Bes joins them at the Fourth House, a special care facility for elderly, forgotten minor gods. Tawaret, a fertility goddess who takes the form of a hippo and shares a turbulent romantic history with Bes, runs the facility. By reading from the second scroll, Carter and Sadie find Ra and wake him. He is old, feeble, and has the mind of a child; he seems unaware of his surroundings and constantly speaks gibberish. The Kanes continue down the River of Night until they reach the Seventh House. Unfortunately, they cannot continue through the Eighth House, because it is past eight o'clock. To finish their journey, Carter, Sadie and Bes play a game of senet with the moon god Khonsu, gambling their rens (secret names) for three extra hours of moonlight. They successfully earn three hours at the cost of Bes's ren. The Kanes resume their journey deep into the Duat to the pit where Apophis is imprisoned. Menshikov, already there and waiting for the siblings, challenges them to a duel. While Carter keeps Menshikov preoccupied, Sadie reads the third scroll to wake the third part of Ra's soul, which takes the form of a golden scarab. Apophis possesses Menshikov and prepares to destroy the Kanes, but Desjardins appears. He execrates Apophis even deeper into the Duat, but kills himself in the process.

As dawn approaches, the Kanes travel back to Brooklyn House, which is being attacked by demons, evil magicians, monsters and flying snakes. Carter and Sadie help defend it while Bast escorts a still incoherent Ra to his place in the sky, but not before he gives the golden scarab to Zia. After winning the battle, the Kanes give the enemy magicians the option to join them and learn the path of the gods. Some accept; others flee. Because Apophis' defeat is only temporary, Sadie and Carter must work harder than ever to unite all magicians. The gods reluctantly acknowledge Sadie and Carter's victory and pledge to fight beside them in the coming war against the forces of Chaos.

Characters
 Carter Kane: a fourteen-year-old magician and previously a host of Horus, the god of war. Since he was eight, after his mother died, he traveled with his father, Julius Kane. He is in love with Zia, a young house magician. He feels deep responsibility for his sister and the rest of the young magicians living at Brooklyn House. He has a love for Egyptian history and can name most artifacts. He is a very skilled combat magician.

 Sadie Kane: a thirteen-year-old magician and previously a host of Isis. She loves gum and has lived with her grandparents since the age of six. She has a stubborn and strong-minded personality, but is also caring and kind. She had a cat named Muffin later revealed to be Bast, the Egyptian goddess of cats, who protected Sadie in her cat form until Sadie found out about the Egyptian gods. She also has a double crush on Anubis and Walt. Although having an English accent in the first book, after living in the States for a few months, starts to use an American accent.

 Amos Kane: Sadie and Carter's uncle, who is a very powerful magician and a jazz musician. He used to be the unwilling host of Set. However, this still affects him as his magic leaves a red mark instead of blue, which was also Carter and Sadie's dad's magic color.

Walt Stone: one of Sadie and Carter's initiates at the Brooklyn House, which is a part of the House of Life that urges magicians to return to the path of the gods to battle Apophis. Walt is a descendant of the pharaoh Akhenaten, who exiled all the gods except the god Aten. Therefore, Akhenaten's descendants have been cursed and the more they practice magic, the faster it progresses. The curse causes its victims to die at a very young age. Walt suffers from this curse, and will die soon, unless he receives the cure Vladimir may hold. Sadie is in love with him, and refers to him as "hot".

Jaz: also known as Jasmine, a cheerleader from Nashville, Tennessee, one of Sadie and Carter's initiates at the Brooklyn House. She is a healer, and follows the path of the goddess Sekhmet. She accompanies them to the Brooklyn Museum to find a scroll from the Book of Ra, but falls into a coma after stopping the Arrows of Sekhmet when they were accidentally unleashed. She also gives Sadie a statue that is used to help save Carter from the bite of the monster they meet in Russia. She comes out of her coma just in time to fight some magicians attacking the Brooklyn House.

 Bast : the Egyptian goddess of cats and Sadie's and Carter's protector.

Vladamir Menshikov: grandson of the great General of the Russian Empire, Alexander Menshikov 18th. His nome is Russia. He has been (willingly) enslaved by Apophis. He tries to become the host of the Apophis to release him and let chaos rule forever. Sadie and Carter go on a quest to stop him.

Zia Rashid, a fourteen-year-old girl who is a fire specialist in House of Life. She was hosting Nephthys, a water goddess, which can be fatal for a fire specialist. The former Chief Lector Iskandar hid her in the Nile to protect her from Apophis and replaced her with a shabti to cover her absence in the first book. In this book the real Zia is finally awakened by Carter.

 Bes, the dwarf god, although very ugly, has a fun and brave personality. He helps Carter and Sadie in their quest until his ren is devoured by the moon god Khonsu. Although Tawaret loved him, he preferred Bast who knew of his feelings but used them to her advantage.

 Anubis, the Egyptian god of death and funerals, Sadie Kane appears to have a double crush on him and Walt. He gives Sadie some information about where the second scroll is and gives her a netjeri knife to "the opening of the mouth" during the Babi and Nekhbet chase.

 Ra, the Egyptian god of the sun. King of all gods. Forced to exile a long time ago by Isis, the goddess of magic. He is senile in this book, as he had been essentially 'dead' for a long time. Carter and Sadie revive him in the Duat so he can stop Apophis from swallowing the sun and taking over the world.

Adaptation
A graphic novel adaptation was released on October 6, 2015.

Sequel
Rick Riordan announced that there will be a sequel coming out on May 3, 2011. The title, The Serpent's Shadow, was announced in a blog post by Riordan on January 13, 2011. The book was released worldwide on May 3, 2011.
A preview was published in USA Today.

Critical reception
Kirkus Reviews reviewed the episode positively, writing, "This volume begins so thunderously that the narrators seem more like frenetic tour guides than friendly companions, pulling readers along at a breakneck pace. Riordan supplies them with his trademark wisecracking voice and explores themes of power, responsibility, family, love and loyalty as the tale hurtles along."

References

External links

 The Kane Chronicles at The Worlds of Rick Riordan (Disney: readriordan.com)
 Rick Riordan Myth Master at publisher Penguin Books (UK)

2011 American novels
The Kane Chronicles
2011 fantasy novels
Novels set in Brooklyn
Novels set in Egypt
Novels set in London
Novels set in Saint Petersburg
2011 children's books
Novels by Rick Riordan
Hyperion Books books
Children's books set in Brooklyn
Children's books set in Egypt
Children's books set in London
Children's books set in Russia

The Throne of Fire