Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta   ( born 26 October 1961) is a Kenyan politician who served as the fourth president of Kenya from 2013 to 2022.

Daniel Arap Moi had picked Kenyatta as his preferred successor. Uhuru Kenyatta, however, was defeated by the then opposition leader Mwai Kibaki in the 2002 election, and Kibaki was subsequently sworn in as the President. Kenyatta served as the member of parliament (MP) for Gatundu South from 2002 to 2013. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister to Raila Odinga from 2008 to 2013. Currently he is the member and the party leader of the Jubilee Party of Kenya, whose popularity has since dwindled. Kenyatta was previously associated with the Kenya Africa National Union (KANU) before founding The National Alliance (TNA), one of the allied parties that campaigned for his election during the 2013 election and later on went to form a merger with the United Republican Party (URP) led by William Ruto to form the Jubilee Party.

Kenyatta is the son of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya's first president, and his fourth wife Mama Ngina Kenyatta. He has been married to Margaret Gakuo Kenyatta since 1991. They have three children: the two sons, Jomo and Muhoho, and a daughter called Ngina Kenyatta.

Kenyatta was re-elected for a second and final term in the August 2017 general elections, winning 54% of the popular vote. The win was formally declared on national television by the Chairperson of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), Wafula Chebukati. However, Uhuru's election was challenged in the Supreme Court of Kenya by his main competitor, Raila Odinga. On 1 September 2017, the court declared the election invalid and ordered a new presidential election to take place within 60 days from the day of the ruling. A new presidential election was held on 26 October, which he won, with 39.03% electoral voter participation.

Early life

Uhuru Kenyatta was born on 26 October 1961, to the first president of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta, and his fourth wife, Mama Ngina Kenyatta (née Muhoho). The second born in the family, he has two sisters, Christine (born 1953), Anna Nyokabi (born 1963) and a brother, Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965).

His family hails from the Kikuyu, a Bantu ethnic group. His given name "Uhuru" is from the Swahili term for "freedom" and was given to him in anticipation of Kenya's upcoming independence. Uhuru attended St Mary's School in Nairobi. Between 1979 and 1980, he also briefly worked as a teller at the Kenya Commercial Bank.

After attending St. Mary's school, Uhuru went on to study economics, political science and government at Amherst College in the United States. Upon his graduation, Uhuru returned to Kenya, and started a company, Wilham Kenya Limited, through which he sourced and exported agricultural produce.

Uhuru was nominated to Parliament in 1999, he then became the Minister for Local Government under President Daniel Arap Moi and, despite his political inexperience, was favoured by Moi as his successor. Kenyatta ran as KANU's candidate in the December 2002 presidential election, but lost to the opposition candidate Mwai Kibaki by a big margin. He subsequently became Leader of the Opposition in Parliament. He backed Hon. Mwai Kibaki for re-election in the December 2007 presidential election and was named Minister of Local Government by Former President Mwai Kibaki in January 2008, before being appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade in April 2008 as part of the new coalition government.

Subsequently, Uhuru Kenyatta was Minister of Finance from 2009 to 2012,while remaining Deputy Prime Minister. Accused by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of committing crimes against humanity in relation to the violent aftermath of the 2007 election, he resigned as Minister of Finance on 26 January 2012. He was elected as President of Kenya in the March 2013 presidential election, defeating Raila Odinga with a slim majority in a single round of voting.

Political life

In the 1997 general election, Uhuru Kenyatta contested for the Gatundu South Constituency parliamentary seat, once held by his father, but lost to Moses Mwihia, a Nairobi architect.

In 1999, Moi appointed Uhuru to chair the Kenya Tourism Board, a government parastatal. In 2001, he was nominated as a Member of Parliament, and he joined the Cabinet as Minister for Local Government. He would also later be elected First Vice Chairman of KANU.

In the nomination process in 2002 in what was widely thought as undemocratic and underhand, Moi influenced Uhuru Kenyatta's nomination as KANU's preferred presidential candidate, sparking an outcry from other interested contenders and a massive exit from the party ensued. This move by the late President Moi was seen as a ploy to install Uhuru as a puppet so that even in retirement, Moi would still rule the country through Uhuru and presumably insulate himself against the numerous charges of abuse of office that plagued his presidency.

Uhuru finished second to Mwai Kibaki in the General Elections, with 31% of the vote. He conceded defeat and took up an active leadership role as Leader of the Opposition.

In January 2005, Uhuru Kenyatta defeated Nicholas Biwott for chairmanship of KANU, taking 2,980 votes among party delegates against Biwott's 622 votes.

Uhuru led his party KANU in the referendum campaigns against the draft constitution in 2005, having teamed up with the Liberal Democratic Party, a rebel faction in the Kibaki government, to form the Orange Democratic Movement. The result of this was a vote against the adoption of the draft constitution by a noticeable margin, which was a great political embarrassment to Emilio Mwai Kibaki.

In November 2006, Kenyatta was displaced as KANU leader by the late Nicholas Biwott. On 28 December 2006, the High Court of Kenya reinstated Uhuru Kenyatta as KANU chairman. However, further court proceedings followed. On 28 June 2007, the High Court confirmed Kenyatta as party leader, ruling that there was insufficient evidence for Biwott's argument that Kenyatta had joined another party.

In the run up to the 2007 general election, he led KANU to join a coalition (called Party of National Unity "PNU") with President Mwai Kibaki who was running for a second term against Raila Odinga. PNU won the controversial 2007 elections but the dispute over the poll resulted in the 2007–08 Kenyan crisis.

Under an agreement between the two parties to end the chaos, Kibaki remained as president in a power sharing agreement with Raila as Prime Minister, while Uhuru Kenyatta was Kibaki's choice as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister For Finance in his share of Cabinet slots.

On 13 September 2007, Uhuru Kenyatta withdrew from the December 2007 presidential election in favour of Kibaki for re-election. He said that he did not want to run unless he could be sure of winning.

Following the election, amidst the controversy that resulted when Kibaki was declared the victor despite claims of fraud from challenger Raila Odinga and his Orange Democratic Movement, Kibaki appointed Kenyatta as Minister for Local Government on 8 January 2008.

After Kibaki and Odinga reached a power-sharing agreement, Kenyatta was named Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Trade on 13 April 2008, as part of the Grand Coalition Cabinet. He was the Deputy Prime Minister representing the PNU, while another Deputy Prime Minister, Musalia Mudavadi, represented the ODM.

Kenyatta and the rest of the Cabinet were sworn in on 17 April. Uhuru Kenyatta was later moved from Local Government and appointed Minister for Finance on 23 January 2009. During his tenure, he spearheaded a number of reform measures that changed how treasury and government by extension transact business, such as the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) and a fund for the inclusion of the informal sector in the mainstream economy.

In 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta was elected as the 4th President of Kenya under The National Alliance (TNA), which was part of the Jubilee Alliance with his running mate William Ruto's United Republican Party (URP). Uhuru and Ruto won 50.07% of votes cast, with closest rivals, Raila Odinga and running mate Kalonzo Musyoka of the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy garnering 42%.

Raila Amolo Odinga disputed the election results at the Supreme Court which however held (7–0) that the election of Uhuru was valid and such irregularities as existed did not make a difference to the final outcome. Uhuru Kenyatta was therefore sworn in as president on 9 April 2013.

Uhuru ran for president in the elections held on 4 March 2013 and garnered 6,173,433 votes (50.03%) out of the 12,338,667 votes cast. As this was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold, he won the election in the first round thus evading a run-off between the top two candidates. He was, therefore, declared the fourth President of the Republic of Kenya by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC).

According to the IEBC, Raila Odinga garnered 5,340,546 votes (43.4%) and was thus the second in the field of eight candidates. CORD, under the leadership of presidential candidate Raila Odinga, lodged a petition with the Supreme Court of Kenya on 10 March 2013 challenging Uhuru's election.

On 30 March 2013, Dr Willy Mutunga, the Chief Justice of Kenya, read the unanimous Supreme Court ruling declaring the election of Uhuru Kenyatta and his running-mate, William Ruto, as valid. On 11 August 2017, the Chairman of the IEBC, Wafula Chebukati announced Uhuru's reelection to a second term in office during the 2017 Kenyan general election, with 54% of the popular vote. This was later contested in court and annulled. Innulment, a second election was required in which Uhuru Kenyatta won with 98% of the vote with a 39% voter turnout.

On 9 March 2018 Uhuru Kenyatta agreed on a truce between the opposition leader, Raila Odinga. This action marked the country's watershed moment that redrew its political architecture. On 27 November 2019, Uhuru Kenyatta launched the Building Bridges Initiatives (BBI) in Bomas of Kenya. This is one of the outcomes as a result of the truce with the opposition leader Raila Odinga as its implementations will foresee some amendments in the Kenyan Constitution.

International Criminal Court Charges

Prior to him becoming president, Kenyatta was named as a suspect of crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court (ICC) prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo, for planning and funding violence in Naivasha and Nakuru. This was in relation to the violence that followed the bungled national elections of December 2007. In furtherance of his political support for Kibaki's PNU at the time, he was accused of organising a Kikuyu politico-religious group, the Mungiki, in the post-election violence. Overall, the post-election violence of 2007 is said to have claimed about 1300 lives. Uhuru maintained his innocence and wanted his name cleared. On 8 March 2011, while serving as minister in Kibaki's government, he was indicted after being summoned to appear before the ICC pre-trial chamber. He was to appear at The Hague on 8 April 2011 alongside five other suspects.
On 29 September 2011, while seeking to exonerate himself, Uhuru Kenyatta put up a spirited fight as he was being cross-examined by ICC Chief prosecutor Luis Moreno Ocampo in The Hague, denying any links with the outlawed Mungiki sect. He said Prime Minister Raila Odinga should take political responsibility for the acts of violence and killings that followed the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya. He told the three judges that "by telling his supporters election results were being rigged, fanned tensions and then failed to use his influence to quell the violence that followed the announcement of the 2007 presidential results."

Though Uhuru had previously dismissed ICC summons, he changed his decision along the way. Together with his two other co-accused suspects, Head of Civil Service, Ambassador Francis Muthaura and former Police Commissioner Hussein Ali, the trio honoured the ICC Summons that sought to determine whether their cases met the set standards for international trials. On 23 January 2012, the ICC confirmed the cases against Kenyatta and Muthaura although the charges against Muthaura were subsequently dropped. Serious concerns about the case have been raised, particularly the nature of the evidence being used against Kenyatta. There are also serious concerns about witness tampering and indeed, a number of witnesses have disappeared or died, which is the reason cited by the ICC for dropping charges against Mathaura. On a 12 October 2013 speech to the African Union in which he set a belligerent tone, Uhuru accused the ICC of being "a toy of declining imperial powers".

On 31 October 2013, the ICC postponed Kenyatta's trial for crimes against humanity by three months until 5 February 2014 after the defense had requested more time.

On 8 October 2014, Kenyatta appeared before the ICC in The Hague. He was called to appear at the ICC "status conference" when the prosecution said evidence needed to go ahead with a trial was being withheld. In a speech to the Kenyan parliament Kenyatta said that he was going to The Hague in a personal capacity — not as president of the country — so as not to compromise the sovereignty of Kenyans. Kenyatta did not speak in court, but denied the charges in comments to journalists as he left the court to catch a flight back home. "We as Kenyans, we know where we came from, we know where we are going, and nobody will tell us what to do," he said. The judges adjourned the hearings and charges were dropped on 13 March 2015.

The National Alliance Party (TNA)
On 20 May 2012, Uhuru Kenyatta attended the elaborately assembled and much-publicized launch of The National Alliance party in a modern high-tech dome at the Kenyatta International Conference Centre. His presence at the TNA launch was a strong indication that he would contest for the party's presidential nomination ticket in his quest for the presidency in the 2013 General Elections.

The Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister Eugene Wamalwa and Eldoret North Constituency MP William Ruto led more than 70 MPs in attending the function. The Speaker of the East African Legislative Assembly, Abdi Ramadhan, Cabinet Ministers Mohamed Yusuf Haji, Jamleck Irungu Kamau, Dr. Naomi Shaaban, Samuel Poghisio, Professor Sam Ongeri and Dr. Mohammed Kuti and MPs Charles Cheruiyot Keter, Aden Bare Duale and Mohamed Maalim Mohamud also attended the event.

Speeches at the launch revolved around the need for a thriving economy, the need for the rights of people of all classes in society to be championed, the need for peaceful co-existence, the need for visionary and committed leadership, the need for transformative leadership, the need for a youthful crop of committed professionals in leadership, the need for free and fair nomination and election processes in the General Election, the need for an economically empowered youth and a call to bring an end to divisive and sectarian interests in politics to safeguard Kenya from sliding to dictatorship. Machel Waikenda was the director of communications and secretary of arts and entertainment of the National Alliance, from April 2012 to August 2013 and he led the media and communications department of the party during the 2013 elections.

By-elections (17 September 2012)
On 17 September 2012, The National Alliance party had its first real test when it contested various civic and parliamentary positions in a by-election that covered 17 seats in total; 3 parliamentary and 14 civic. Overall, 133,054 votes were cast in the by-elections and TNA led the pack after it garnered 38.89% or 51,878 votes, followed by Orange Democratic Movement with 33.7% or 44,837 votes, Party of National Unity with 4.46% or 5,929 votes, Wiper Democratic Movement with 4.44% or 5,912 votes and United Democratic Forum with 4.15% or 5,520 votes.

TNA won civic and parliamentary seats in 7 different counties while its closest challengers, ODM won seats in 4 counties.
The National Alliance Party remained a strong contender for the following year's general elections, having received major defections from other big political parties of Kenya. The successful election of TNA's main candidates (Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto) continued to enhance TNA's viability.

In January 2013, however, TNA merged with URP to form the Jubilee Alliance Party (JAP).

2013 presidential elections

Uhuru Kenyatta's party, The National Alliance (TNA) joined William Ruto's United Republican Party (URP), Najib Balala's Republican Congress Party (RCP) and Charity Ngilu's National Rainbow Coalition party to form the Jubilee Alliance coalition. Various opinion polls prior to the election placed Uhuru as one of the main contenders, and his Jubilee Alliance as among the most popular. The other formidable coalition was the Coalition For Reform and Democracy (CORD), led by Raila Odinga.

In undercover video footage, released in a BBC news report on 19 March 2018, the managing director of Cambridge Analytica, a political consultancy that worked to elect Donald Trump in the 2016 American presidential election, boasted that his firm had run successful presidential election campaigns in Kenya in 2013 and 2017, though he did not name Kenyatta explicitly. "We have re-branded the entire party twice, written the manifesto, done research, analysis, messaging," Turnbull said, of the campaigns that his company managed in Kenya. "I think we wrote all the speeches, and we staged the whole thing—so just about every element of this candidate." A Jubilee Party vice president admitted on 20 March 2018, that the party had hired an affiliate of Cambridge Analytica for "branding" in the 2017 election.

Uhuru Kenyatta was officially declared the president elect on Saturday 9 March at 2:44 pm.

As per the IEBC's official results, Uhuru got 6,173,433 of the 12,221,053 valid votes cast ahead of the second placed Raila Odinga who garnered 5,340,546 (43.7%). Uhuru's result was 50.51% of the vote and was above the 50% plus 1 vote threshold set out in the 2010 constitution, thus making him the president-elect.

Results dispute

There was some discontent with the official results, as would be expected in such a hotly contested election, especially in Raila Odinga's strongholds. The inordinate delay in releasing the results and the technical failure of some safeguards and election equipment deployed by the IEBC did not help the perception that the election had been less than free and fair.

Further, an exit poll conducted by UCSD Professor Clark Gibson and James Long, Asst. Prof. and University of Washington suggested that neither Odinga nor Kenyatta had attained the 50% plus one vote threshold. Analysts have contended that even though elections for five other levels were held in Kenya at the same time, their national turnout levels and total vote tallies were about 16% less than the presidential total; e.g. while 10.6 million voters elected candidates for member of the National Assembly, the Senate and the 47 gubernatorial seats, almost 2 million more voted in the presidential election. This has fueled concern and speculations of vote manipulation in President Kenyatta's favor.

Two groups disputed these results and filed petitions challenging various aspects of it at the Supreme Court of Kenya to contest the result. The groups were the Coalition For Reform and Democracy, CORD, led by Raila Odinga, and the Africa Centre for Open Governance (AFRICOG). Uhuru Kenyatta and his running mate were respondents in these cases and were represented by Fred Ngatia and Katwa Kigen respectively.

Supreme Court Judgement
The Supreme court judges unanimously upheld the election of Uhuru Kenyatta as Kenya's fourth president after rejecting Raila Odinga's petition in a verdict delivered on Saturday 30 March 2013. Chief Justice Willy Mutunga in his ruling said the elections were indeed conducted in compliance with the Constitution and the law.

Presidential swearing-in at Kasarani Stadium
After the Supreme Court dismissed the petitions the swearing in ceremony was held on 9 April 2013

at the Moi International Sports Centre, Kasarani, Nairobi, in accordance to Article 141 (2) (b) of the constitution which stipulates that in case the Supreme Court upholds the victory of the president-elect, the swearing in will take place on "the first Tuesday following the seventh day following the date on which the court renders a decision declaring the election to be valid".

Presidency (2013–2022)

During his inaugural speech, Uhuru promised economic transformation through Vision 2030, unity among all Kenyans, free maternal care and that he will serve all Kenyans. He also promised to improve the standards of education in Kenya. During the Madaraka day Celebrations, a national holiday celebrated to the country's independence on 1 June, President Uhuru Kenyatta announced free maternal care in all public health facilities, a move that was welcomed by many Kenyans.

On 1 September 2017, the Supreme Court of Kenya nullified the re-election of Uhuru Kenyatta after the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) had announced him the winner on 8 August 2017. As a result of that, there was a need for the election to be held once again. It was scheduled for 26 October 2017. After the reelection, Uhuru Kenyatta emerged the winner once again.

He was sworn in on 28 November 2017 for his second presidential term.

In 2021, drought is again taking its toll. According to the UN, more than 465,000 children under the age of five are malnourished. Food insecurity affects more than 2.5 million people in the country. Uhuru Kenyatta speaks of a "national disaster". However, he is criticised for the slow humanitarian response and lack of planning.

The Mukuru Kwa Njenga slum in Nairobi is being razed in October 2021 to make way for the widening of a road, leaving 40,000 people homeless overnight, with no offer of alternative accommodation.

Challenges
The major challenges his administration faced included high cost of living, rising public debt, a high public wage bill and allegations of corruption among people within his government. The 2017 general election and its violence is also a challenge that threatened not only his presidency but also the future of the East African Nation.

Public Wage Bill
The high public wage was a headache to Uhuru's administration. At the start of his term, the President decried the high wage bill which was at 12% of GDP (as against a recommended 7%). In 2015, the President stated that the wage bill was at 50% of the total annual revenue collection of government. In an attempt to curtail it, the President announced a pay cut for himself and his Cabinet in March 2014, reducing his salary by 20%. It was hoped that the high earners in government would follow suit but this did not materialize. Another measure was the newly created constitutional Salaries and Remuneration Commission which it was hoped would regularize salaries but it has faced an up hill battle against Members of Parliament, who wish to protect their earnings and labor unions. The President thereafter ordered an audit of the government payroll so as to flush out ghost workers. The audit identified 12,000 ghost workers. In the meantime, lower cadre government workers have demanded pay rises, more so by teachers and health workers, who have gone on strikes at various times to demand the increase. The strikes in the health sector mainly affect the counties, Kenya's other level of government, as it is managed by the devolved units.

Anti-corruption efforts

On 28 June 2018, Kenyatta declared a major crackdown on corruption and stated that no one was immune from corruption charges in Kenya. Kenyatta also stated his own brother Muhoho, a director in a company that had been accused in parliament of importing contraband sugar, should be charged if there is clear evidence against him.

On 11 August 2018, Mohammed Abdalla Swazuri, the chairman of National Land Commission, and Atanas Kariuki Maina, managing director of the Kenya Railways Corporation, were among 18 officials, businesspeople and companies arrested on corruption charges involving land allocation for the $3 billion flagship Nairobi-Mombasa railway. On 7 December 2018, Joe Sang, the CEO of the Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC), was arrested with four other senior officials in connection with the loss of an unspecified amount of money during the construction of an oil jetty in the western city of Kisumu. On 22 July 2019, Kenya's finance minister Henry Rotich became the country's first sitting minister to be arrested for corruption. 27 other people were arrested with Rotich as well. On 6 December 2019, federal authorities arrested Nairobi Governor Mike Sonko on corruption charges. On 14 January 2020, Kenyatta replaced Rotich with Labour Secretary Ukur Yatani

On 28 May 2020, a breakthrough in Kenyatta's pledge to combat corruption in Kenya occurred when 40 civil servants and 14 private sector officials, including National Youth Service (NYS) Director General Richard Ndubai, were arrested on charges related to the National Youth Service scandal.

On 9 December 2020, it was confirmed by the Kenya News Agency that the National Anti-Corruption Campaign Steering Committee (NACCSC) was in the process of strengthening its collaboration with other crime fighting agencies, including those in Kenyatta's government. The group had National Government Administrative Officers (NGAO) in hopes they would support the County Anti-Corruption Civil Oversight Committee (CACCOC). The day before, Winnie Guchu, who serves in Kenyatta's government as the Chief Administrative Secretary (CAS) in the Office of the Attorney General and the Department of Justice, confirmed in a press conference that she had met with members of CACCOC to strengthen relations. On 11 December 2020, the Kenyan government's Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) released a statement confirming that Robert Pavel Oimeke, the director general of Kenya's Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority, was arrested and taken into police custody on charges of demanding 200,000 Kenyan shillings ($1,795) to approve the re-opening of a petrol station that had been shut down over violations. On 21 December 2020, Nairobi County Assembly Speaker Benson Mutura replaced Sonko, who was removed from office four days prior, as Governor of Nairobi.

In October 2021, his name appeared in the Pandora Papers, among more than 330 current and former politicians and senior officials using hidden accounts in tax havens. He and six family members, including his mother, a brother and two sisters, have at least $30 million in several offshore companies. He also owns a secret 'foundation' in Panama, holding over $30 million.

Foreign relations

As the President, Kenyatta'a foreign relations were dominated by the ICC question. His relations with the West were expected to be cold, more so after the West warned Kenyans not to elect him as president. The United Kingdom promised to have only essential contacts with him if he were elected. However, his relationship with the West thawed significantly and he participated in the US — Africa summit as well as a Somalia summit in the United Kingdom. The ICC accused his government of frustrating its investigation efforts into the case, although it absolved the President personally of any involvement in the frustration.

His activities, however, were more robust at the African level where he has pushed more intra-Africa trade and economic independence of African nations. In November 2014, he launched consultations to reform the United Nations Security Council to expand the voice of Africa in the council. He successfully rallied the AU against the ICC culminating in an Extraordinary Summit of the African Heads of State which resolved that sitting African Heads of State should not appear before the ICC. The AU further asked the Security Council to suspend his trial at the ICC; for the first time ever, the Security Council resolution was defeated by abstention with 9 members of the Council abstaining rather than voting against so as not to offend Kenyatta. The Assembly of State Parties of the ICC would two days later amend the ICC statute to allow for one to appear by video link, a proposal President Kenyatta had made when he was Deputy Prime Minister.

Kenyatta led and negotiated peace agreements in South Sudan and in Democratic Republic of Congo. At the East African level, he developed a close relationship with the Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni and Rwanda President Paul Kagame, creating the Coalition of the Willing, a caucus within the EAC that has signed on to more joint development and economic agreements than the other EAC partners, including a joint tourist visa.

He attended the funeral of Nelson Mandela and was received warmly by the crowds. He also attended the funeral of President Michael Sata of Zambia in November 2014. However, it had been perceived that his administration's relations with Botswana were strained due to Botswana's support of the ICC process. He visited Botswana to remove this perception and Botswana voted in favor of the AU's ICC Resolution.

As expected, his government had closer ties with China which was funding most of his infrastructure projects.

Foreign trips

In November 2020, it was noted that he was the most traveled Kenyan president compared to his predecessors. One of the leading national newspapers noted that Uhuru Kenyatta had been out of the country 43 times as of November 2015 in a period of about three years since he took office in 2013, as compared to 33 times over a span of 10 years by his predecessor Mwai Kibaki. The president's strategic communications unit came out in defense of these trips stating that these trips had yielded more than what it cost the taxpayers to finance them.

Pandora Papers listing
In October 2021, Kenyatta was named in the Pandora Papers leak. BBC reported that "The Kenyattas' offshore investments, including a company with stocks and bonds worth $30m (£22m), were discovered among hundreds of thousands of pages of administrative paperwork from the archives of 14 law firms and service providers in Panama and the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and other tax havens."

Approval ratings
His government's first year in office received low ratings from the general public. This is after a poll by Synovate indicated that more than half of the population was unhappy with how the government had conducted its affairs. The same polls also ranked the presidency as the second most trusted institution after the media. After his appearance at The Hague for his ICC case in October 2014, his poll ratings improved to 71%, according to a poll by Synovate. A poll by Gallup in August 2014 put his approval ratings at 78%, giving him the third best job approval ratings among African Presidents after Ian Khama of Botswana and Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta of Mali. In 2015, due to allegations of corruption against some members of his government, his poll ratings dropped to his lowest rating yet at 33%, according to an Infotrack poll. By February 2017, his poll numbers had, however, risen to 57%. His poll numbers in 2018 would rise to 74% in light of a renewed effort to battle corruption.

Awards and decorations

National honours
:
 Chief of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya

Foreign honours
:
 Honorary Member of the Order of Freedom of Barbados (FB) (6 October 2021)
:
 First Class of the Order of the Most Ancient Welwitschia mirabilis (21 March 2019)
 :
  Order of the Republic of Serbia, Second Class (2016)
 :
  National Order of the Republic (7 July 2022)

Awards
 2013, Youngest Kenyan President, Guinness World Records
 2015, Africa's President of the Year 2014–2015, African Union
 2015, ICTs in Sustainable Development Award, International Telecommunication Union
 2017, Most Severe Plastic Bag Penalty, Guinness World Records
 2017, Mandela Peace Prize, Mandela Institute of Paris
 2018, Babacar Ndiaye Award, Africa Road Builders
 2018, World 1st Blue Economy Conference Award, African Union Commission
 2019, Political Leadership award for universal health coverage, African Union Access Challenge
 2022, African Gender Award, African Union

See also
 Presidency of Uhuru Kenyatta
 List of heads of state of Kenya
 2013 Kenyan general election
 2017 Kenyan general election

References

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1961 births
Living people
Kenyan Roman Catholics
Alumni of St. Mary's School, Nairobi
Amherst College alumni
Children of presidents
Government ministers of Kenya
Kenya African National Union politicians
Kenyan expatriates in the United States
Uhuru
Kikuyu people
Jomo Kenyatta
Members of the National Assembly (Kenya)
Deputy Prime Ministers of Kenya
Ministers of Finance of Kenya
People indicted by the International Criminal Court
Presidents of Kenya
Jubilee Party politicians
21st-century Kenyan politicians
People named in the Pandora Papers
Leaders of political parties in Kenya
Chiefs of the Order of the Golden Heart of Kenya
Recipients of the Order of Freedom of Barbados

Uhuru Kenyatta


Lembit Oll (23 April 1966 – Tallinn, 17 May 1999) was an Estonian chess grandmaster. He was already successful as a junior, becoming champion of Estonia in 1982 and junior champion of the Soviet Union in 1984. He also won multiple European and World junior championships. The FIDE awarded him the IM-title in 1983 and the GM-title in 1992. From that moment, he regularly played for Estonia during Chess Olympiads and European teamchampionships. Early 1998 he reached his highest rating on the FIDE rating list: 2655.
He played his last tournament in 1999 in Nova Gorica reaching a shared 2nd position.

Oll, who was married, fell into severe depressions after he divorced. He jumped out of the window of his house on the fifth floor and did not survive. Despite his personal problems, he still held the 42nd place on the world ranking list at that time. He was buried in Tallinn. His grave is not far from that of Paul Keres, another famous chess player.

List of victories
1989: Espoo, Tallinn (zonal tournament), Helsinki.
1990: Terrassa.
1991: Sydney, Helsinki.
1992: Sevilla.
1993: Vilnius, The Hague, Antwerp.
1994: New York Open (shared 1st with Jaan Ehlvest).
1995: Helsinki, Riga (zonal tournament).
1996: Saint Petersburg.
1997: Køge, Szeged (shared 1st), Hoogeveen (shared 1st).

1966 births
1999 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Estonian sportspeople
Suicides by jumping

Lembit Oll


Greta morgane, the thick-tipped greta, is a day active ithomiine butterfly from the subfamily Ithomiinae. The length of the wings of this clearwing butterfly range from 56 to 58 mm. It is a common butterfly in Mexico, Middle-America, and the Caribbean.

The caterpillar uses plants from the deadly nightshade family (Solanaceae) as hosts. Therefore, the Greta morgane has body fluids which are nauseating for birds, making them unattractive prey.

References

Further reading
 Lamas, G. (1999). Nymphalidae II Pt. 3 Ithomiinae. In E. Bauer & T. Frankenbach (Eds.), Butterflies of the World. (pp. 1–17). Keltern, Germany: Goecke & Evers.

Ithomiini
Butterflies of Central America
Nymphalidae of South America
Lepidoptera of Colombia
Lepidoptera of Cuba
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies described in 1833

Greta morgane


Mika Pohjola ( (born December 1, 1971) is a Finnish-born jazz pianist and composer who resides in Stockholm. He is one of the most prolific Scandinavian jazz musicians in his generation.

Biography

Childhood in Helsinki, Finland 1971-87

Mika Pohjola was born in Helsinki, Finland, and grew up in the neighboring city of Vantaa. He received his formal education in a Steiner school, where his first instrument was violin. He then studied drums, and in 1979 piano and basic music theory with his father, Heikki Pohjola, who is a Finnish jazz guitarist. In 1981, young Pohjola entered the Helsinki cathedral boy choir, Cantores Minores under the direction of the German immigrant, Heinz Hofmann. The following year, Pohjola entered the Vantaa Conservatory in classical piano, music theory, counterpoint and composition. He also started playing jazz, and improvise freely. His early classical influences were Claude Debussy, Edvard Grieg and Johann Sebastian Bach, and some Finnish prominent composers, such as Aarre Merikanto. Pohjola was introduced to the music of Art Tatum, Charlie Parker and Oscar Peterson by his father, who played his large record collection at home. Pohjola performed music by Mozart, Beethoven and Debussy at regional recitals and received a shared second prize in the classical piano competition of Vantaa in 1987, and represented his city and the conservatory at the Ilmari Hannikainen Piano Competition.

Studies in Stockholm, Sweden 1987-92

In the Fall 1987, Pohjola moved to Stockholm, Sweden to study jazz and classical music at the Södra Latin Music Gymnasium. It was in Stockholm where he met his mentor and long-time friend, jazz pianist Alvaro Is Rojas, who taught him piano improvisation, jazz harmony and ear-training for five years, spanning his high school years and academic studies at the Royal Swedish College of Music. Pohjola received a master's degree in Jazz Improvisation and Education at age 20 in the Spring of 1992. His senior recital included his first recorded adult compositions, after which he was invited to join STIM, the collecting society for songwriters, composers and music publishers of Sweden. He also made his first radio appearance for the Swedish Radio in 1991.

Berklee and Boston 1992-95

After graduating from Stockholm, Pohjola moved to Boston, Massachusetts to study under a scholarship at Berklee College of Music. His continued studies were also supported by his Swedish college, where he had performed his studies with a Summa cum laude. His Berklee professors included Herb Pomeroy, Gary Burton, Phil Wilson, Ed Bedner, and Hal Crook. It was at Berklee where Pohjola met several of his performing and recording collaborators of the 1990s and 2000s, among them Jill Walsh, Johanna Grüssner, Fernando Huergo, Matt Penman, Bruno Råberg, Roberto Dani and Mick Goodrick. Pohjola graduated from Berklee with honors and several prizes in 1994. That same year he recorded Myths and Beliefs (GM Recordings), produced by Gunther Schuller.

Concert career 1995-2002

Pohjola settled in New York City in 1995 and became a part of the thriving downtown jazz scene. He briefly studied with pianist Sal Mosca, who was a student of the legendary Lennie Tristano. Pohjola performed in the late 1990s at New York clubs Blue Note, Birdland, the Five Spot, Smalls, The Jazz Standard and Visiones. His collaborators included Chris Cheek, Mark Turner, Miguel Zenón, Ben Monder, Drew Gress, Jeff Williams, Jochen Rückert, Matt Wilson and Mark Ferber. Pohjola started touring Europe regularly, mostly as a bandleader and composer where he performed with his New York-based ensembles. Pohjola was invited to Ukraine in 1999, 2001 and 2002 as the cultural representative of the Finnish Foreign Ministry. As a counterbalance to his quartet, he formed a freely improvising duo, Sound of Village, with Yusuke Yamamoto. Their home became the Knitting Factory in New York City, but they also did two notable appearances at Steinway Hall. In 2000, Sound of Village recorded its self-titled album. Their tours included appearances at several jazz festivals in Scandinavia and Japan.

Arranging and recordings 2002-2006

In the recording sessions of his first four albums as a leader, Pohjola's interest and knowledge in the possibilities of the recording studio grew from a mere documentary medium into a compositional tool. He had recorded two multi-tracked songs for his Landmark album in 2002, featuring multiple voices with fellow Finnish vocalist Johanna Grüssner. The success of Landmark led to further cooperation with Grüssner, and the first recording of the entire catalog of the original Moomin music songbook by Tove Jansson and Erna Tauro. Moomin Voices was released in two versions (2003 in Swedish; 2005 in Finnish). The follow-up album, A Lark in the Snowstorm (2006), featured Pohjola's original-minded arrangements of tangos.

Vocal-Piano duos

Pohjola has ever since living in Sweden (in the late 1980s) been a specialist in collaborating with jazz vocalists. His earliest vocal partners included Rigmor Gustafsson and Lisa Werlinder, and in the Boston-period Johanna Grüssner, with whom he recorded an extended release Swedish Traditional Songs (2006). Pohjola has performed regularly with Nashville-based vocalist Jill Walsh since the late 1990s and released three albums.

Teaching

Since 1993, Pohjola has been a frequent clinician at conservatories, especially in Scandinavia. In the years 1995–2008, he was also the jazz principal and big band leader at the international Nilsiä Summer Music Camp. Since 2016, he has served as a professor at the Royal College of Music, Stockholm.

Recognitions

Pohjola is a Steinway Distinguished Artist since 1997, and a major visiting artist at Berklee College of Music since 2006.

Current career

Pohjola's latest releases, Northern Sunrise with Steve Wilson and Ben Monder, and solo piano album Great Tunes by My Friends with music by Kurt Rosenwinkel, Monder, Reid Anderson and others. Pohjola also plays Argentine chacarera and jazz compositions with bassist and composer Fernando Huergo. They recorded Provinciano for Sunnyside Records in 2008, on which Pohjola is also credited as the mixing and mastering engineer. Other albums with Pohjola credited as the mixing and mastering engineer include It's About Time by Terry Clarke, Jim Hall, Joe Lovano and Greg Osby and Duende by Alvaro Is Rojas.

Discography

As Leader
Chick Corea: Children's Songs, 2014
Trio Hour, 2013
The Red Bicycle, 2009
Great Tunes by My Friends, 2009
Christmas Carols, 2009
Northern Sunrise, 2009
A Lark in the Snowstorm, 2006
Moomin Voices/Muumilauluja - in Finnish, 2005
Ball Play, 2003
Moomin Voices/Muminröster - in Swedish, 2003
Landmark, 2002
Sound of Village, 2000
Live At The Blue Note, recorded 1996, released 2000
English Breakfast, 1999
Announcement, 1998
The Secret of the Castle, 1997
Jazz Capital of the World, 1996
Myths and Beliefs, 1996
Reflections in Real Time, 1994

As Sideman
Nu ska vi sjunga, 2013 w. Johanna Grüssner
Svenska psalmer - Swedish Hymns, 2013 w. Johanna Grüssner
Zero, 2011 w. Maria Neckam
Live on Broadway, 2009 w. Jill Walsh
Provinciano, 2008, w. Fernando Huergo
Two for the Road, 2008 w. Jill Walsh
Suomalaisia Lauluja 2007 w. Eeppi Ursin
Live at the Savoy 2006 w. Grupo Nuevo
Swedish Traditional Songs, 2006 w. Johanna Grüssner
Grandes Éxitos del Tango, 2003 w. Tango Republic
Live at Regattabar 2002 w. Fernando Huergo
Still Alive, 2001 w. Miguel Zenón
Taste of Honey 1998 w. Jill Walsh
Improvisations, 1997 w. George Garzone
Johanna Grüssner Band, 1995 w. Johanna Grüssner
Orange, 1994 w. Sophie Dunér

See also
 List of jazz pianists
 List of American composers
 List of Finnish composers

References

External links
Official Website
Mika Pohjola at All About Jazz
[ Mika Pohjola at Allmusic]

1971 births
Living people
Musicians from Helsinki
American jazz composers
American male jazz composers
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
Finnish record producers
Finnish jazz pianists
Royal College of Music, Stockholm alumni
Finnish jazz composers
Finnish expatriates in the United States
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American male musicians

Mika Pohjola


WYRB (106.3 FM), known locally as Power 106 is a rhythmic contemporary radio station serving Rockford, Illinois, licensed to nearby Genoa. It is owned by Crawford Broadcasting.

Up until June 2010, WYRB was a simulcast of Chicago's WSRB and offered an Urban AC format. However, realizing that there was a hole for a Rhythmic format in Rockford and at the same time tapping into an audience looking for another alternative to Top 40/CHR WZOK, Crawford decided to split up the simulcast and refocus WYRB on the Rockford area as a Rhythmic Top 40 rather than as an Urban Contemporary. According to Sales Manager DiAnna Cantele Mazzola, "They identified that R&B wasn't taking off and felt there was a niche to be filled for the urban market," and added "Now it's today's hits and hip-hop, and club music that really doesn't get played a lot."

WYRB broadcasts in HD.

References

External links
www.mypower106.com

YRB
Rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1977

WYRB


Mondo Sex Head is the second remix album by Rob Zombie, containing remixes of the tracks of various past albums both by Zombie and his former band White Zombie. It was curated and executive produced by Jason Bentley. The original cover art depicted Zombie's wife Sheri Moon Zombie. It caused controversy and was replaced by an image of a kitten. Rob Zombie explained, "I never thought it would be a problem since it seemed tame to me... but it was. No one would carry the CD. Anything with death and violence is totally fine, but anything with sex, forget about it. So instead of censoring that cover and ruining it, I just removed the ass shot and replaced it with a pussy shot."  Though the vinyl release remained unchanged with the original cover art.

Track listing

Bonus tracks

EPs
Prior to the release of Mondo Sex Head, two digital-only EPs were released that featured tracks from the full-length version in addition to exclusive bonus tracks.

Music video
A video was created for "Dragula (+++ Remix)" but never officially released.

References

2012 remix albums
Rob Zombie remix albums
Geffen Records remix albums
Obscenity controversies in music

Mondo Sex Head


Margret Craver (October 11, 1907 – November 22, 2010) was an American artist and arts educator.  She was noted for her jewelry and holloware as well as her educational and technical manuals on metalwork.

Early life and career
Craver was born in Kansas City, Missouri on October 11, 1907.  She became interested in metalwork while studying at the University of Kansas, and after graduation traveled to Europe for study, as training in metalworking techniques was not available in the United States at the time.  There she studied under Baron Erik Fleming, at the time the court silversmith to the King of Sweden. Craver established the department of jewelry and metalsmithing at the Wichita Arts Association in 1935, and throughout the 1930s she continued to travel the US and abroad for further training in the craft of metalwork.  She was introduced to Charles Withers, president of Massachusetts-based Towle Silversmiths, in 1949, and the two were married the next year.  She continued to be known professionally under her unmarried name.

Influence on US metalwork
While working in a military hospital during World War II, Craver became interested in the teaching of metalworking as occupational therapy for wounded veterans, finding that the repetitive movements were useful in rehabilitation. She left Wichita to organize metalworking workshops in veteran's hospitals in New York.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Craver developed a series of summer workshops, modeled on similar programs in England, to allow teachers of metalwork to develop advanced skills.  She also created a number of films and manuals on metalworking techniques for use by instructors.  Because of her efforts, Craver has been credited as instrumental in the revitalization of the craft of silversmithing in the United States.

En résille
In 1953, Craver first encountered the disused enameling technique en résille, in which enamel-coated metal foil is embedded in glass. Craver revived the technique, researching it over the course of about thirteen years to reproduce and perfect it.  Because the technique was not being practiced, and there were no instructional texts in existence, the work was slow, and Craver had to design her own tools.  On the technique, Craver said "it took forever, because this was such an ancient technique and no one knew a darn thing about it.  I just had to start out and do it myself."

References

1907 births
2010 deaths
American jewellers
20th-century American women artists
American metalsmiths
Artists from Kansas City, Missouri
University of Kansas alumni
Women metalsmiths
20th-century American artists
21st-century American women
Women jewellers

Margret Craver


Romeo is Bleeding is a melodramatic 1993 crime movie. Annabella Sciorra plays Natalie, Gary Oldman plays Jack and Juliette Lewis plays Sheri. The movie is about activities by the Mafia and corrupt officers. This movie was released in 1994 in United States theaters. Reviews of Romeo is Bleeding were very bad. The movie performed very badly in the box office.

1993 crime thriller movies
1990s English-language movies

Romeo Is Bleeding


Smosh: The Movie is a 2015 American science fiction buddy comedy web film directed by Alex Winter and written by Eric Falconer and Steve Marmel, with Brian Robbins and Shauna Phelan serving as producers. It stars Anthony Padilla and Ian Hecox from Smosh, with Jillian Nelson, Brittany Ross, Jenna Marbles, Grace Helbig, Mark Fischbach, Harley Morenstein, and Michael Ian Black in supporting roles. It is Smosh's first full-length film and revolves around a fictionalized version of the duo going inside YouTube virtually to alter a clip that will ruin Anthony's chances of winning over his high school crush at an upcoming reunion.

Smosh: The Movie premiered at Vidcon in Los Angeles on July 23, 2015, and was released the following day on VoD on July 24, 2015, by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, to generally negative reviews.

Plot
Anthony Padilla and Ian Hecox are best friends and live in a small house, with Ian's parents. Anthony has a dead-end job as a pizza delivery man and Ian is a stay-at-home guy who spends his days scrounging through YouTube. After returning from the Game Bang arcade, in which they were bullied by some street kids due to Anthony's pizza car, they find a video of Anthony reciting the Magic Pocket Slave Monsters theme at their high school graduation. In the video, Anthony attempts to impress his crush, Anna Reed, by trying to do a backflip, but he fails, landing on his face, and resulting in the microphone being jammed in his anus. After learning their 5th-year high school reunion is on the same day, the duo decides to pull down the video before it blows Anthony's chances of reconnecting with Anna.

They travel to the YouTube headquarters, where they meet a receptionist named Stephanie, who introduces them to the President of the company, Steve YouTube. Steve explains that the only way to fix the video is by going inside YouTube through a portal and changing the video from the inside. Anthony insists that it is important enough to go through with it, so Ian accompanies him in traveling into YouTube. Steve provides the duo with two electronic phones equipped with an artificial intelligence named Diri and sends them through the portal that is behind his closet door. After tumbling through a series of YouTube videos, they eventually end up in a Jenna Marbles vlog. Jenna warns them that once their Diri phones run out of battery, they will be permanently stuck in YouTube, just like she is.

They decide to split up, but Ian immediately abandons the mission and travels to his YouTube crush video, "Butt Massage Girl", while Anthony escapes a furry party, gets advice from Steve Austin, and finds out that Anna really likes him too. Diri takes Anthony to the Butt Massage Girl video that Ian is getting a massage in. Anthony tells Ian that his and Butt Massage Girl's love is fake and that it's only a video.

The duo then make it to the embarrassing video, where a furious Anthony discovers that Ian was the one who recorded and uploaded the video. Ian finally expresses his frustration with how boring Anthony has become, which leads to an argument between the pair. They both engage in a fight that lasts through three other videos, ending with them returning to Anthony's video. Ian decides to make it up to Anthony by beating up his past self, preventing his humiliation. Anthony then goes to help him, but past Ian interferes and attacks Anthony, while Ian is trying to knock out past Anthony. In the process, the other students also start to fight one another. During the battle, Diri reveals itself to be Steve YouTube, who tells them that sending the two into YouTube was part of his evil scheme to keep them in YouTube forever.

Frightened, they race to escape YouTube via their video history, with Steve putting several unsuccessful obstacles in their way, as they make it to the portal only for Steve YouTube to be there waiting for them. Suddenly, a bear appears and attacks Steve, allowing the duo to escape YouTube. Returning to the real world, Anthony and Ian discover that, due to their changes to Anthony's embarrassing video, now titled Clone Fight, they wound up in an alternate reality where they have become famous, met the President of the United States, created a movie, a TV series, and a show on Broadway. Through this, Ian is dating Butt Massage Girl, Anthony has 30 girlfriends, whom he immediately rejects and the duo are now living in a mansion in which Ian's parents live with them. Steve YouTube, now going by You-too-bay, has Anthony's former job as a pizza delivery man and Jenna Marbles is the CEO of YouTube. Butt Massage Girl accompanies them as they go to their high school reunion.

As they arrive at their reunion, they discover they are the most famous ones there. When Anthony seeks out Anna and finds her, he is dismayed to find out that Anna loved him back in the day, but she was intimidated by him being rich and famous. Encouraged by Ian and an image of Austin, Anthony performs 'Magic Pocket Slave Monsters', and successfully performs the backflip, alongside Ian and finally wins Anna over, and they kiss. Butt Massage Girl and Anna meet onstage to which Butt Massage Girl reveals her name is Brad, to which Ian exclaims explosively.

In a post-credits scene, Ian marries Brad with Anthony crying in the background.

Cast

 Anthony Padilla as himself
 Ian Hecox as himself
 Jillian Nelson as Anna Reed
 Brittany Ross as Brad/Butt Massage Girl
 Michael Ian Black as Steve YouTube
 Stone Cold Steve Austin as himself
 Jenna Marbles as a fictionalized version of herself
 Harley Morenstein as The Mailman
 Grace Helbig as Stephanie
 Mark Fischbach as a fictionalized version of himself
 Kimmy Gatewood as the voice of Diri
 Damion Poitier as Super Boring Man
 Dominic Sandoval as Nearby Student
 Elisha Yaffe as High Driver
 Mari Takahashi as herself (cameo appearance)
 Matthew Sohinki as himself (cameo appearance)
 Joshua "Jovenshire" Ovenshire as himself (cameo appearance)
 David "Lasercorn" Moss as himself (cameo appearance)
 Amra "Flitz" Ricketts as himself (cameo appearance)
 Alex Winter as Anna's Uncle (pictured and uncredited)

Production

On September 18, 2014, Lionsgate announced that it has picked up the international distribution rights to the movie, while 20th Century Fox picked up American VOD and physical distribution rights to the movie. Production for the film was jointly financed by AwesomenessFilms, Smosh Productions, and Defy Media. The film was written from an original story by Eric Falconer and Steve Marmel, while being produced by Brian Robbins, with Padilla and Hecox serving as executive producers. Alex Winter was hired as the director for the film. It was entirely shot in YouTube Space in Los Angeles, California. In May 2020, Ian Hecox revealed on the podcast Cold Ones that the movie originally got an R rating from the MPAA.

Release
On April 15, 2015, it was announced that the film would release on July 24, 2015, and would be having its gala world premiere at Vidcon 2015 in Anaheim, California, a day before. An official trailer was released on Smosh's website on June 12, 2015. They also hosted a commentary live-stream on their YouTube channel at July 21, 2015.

Home media
Smosh: The Movie was released on DVD on August 18, 2015, by Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment, featuring an Unrated version with some deleted scenes, including a scene featuring Shane Dawson as the Sex Simulator Guy. Shortly thereafter, Netflix acquired the worldwide streaming rights to the film courtesy of AwesomenessFilms in 2015, and was released in August 2019.

Reception

Critical reception

The film received negative reviews, with criticism aimed at the direction, writing, acting, and humor, but some praise was given to Padilla and Hecox's comedic chemistry. It has also been the subject of mockery to YouTube film commentators, comparing it to similar films like the Fred trilogy, Not Cool (2014), and Airplane Mode (2019), all of which are web comedy films that are of lowbrow humour created by and featured high-profile YouTube celebrities. Hecox and Padilla themselves would later acknowledge the film in 2023, referencing it as a "torture device" in their video "WE SUMMONED A DEMON!"

The New York Times gave it a negative review, describing the film as "a fairly successful effort to apply the tone and comic style of those hastily produced weekly shorts to a feature-length script with an actual plot." The review went on to note that it was "clever and surprisingly easy to sit through". The review concluded that "Is it worth your $9.99? Maybe not, but if you can buy it on your parents' credit card, you'll probably enjoy it." Common Sense Media gave it a 2 out of 5, stating that although they are a "popular YouTube sensation, they have a Millennial Dumb and Dumber/slacker shtick that's funny for a second and then quickly grows tedious." The review also criticized the acting and summarized that "if Hollywood was looking for a movie that truly elevates web celebs to the status of pulling off a feature-length film, this isn't it."

References

External links

 Smosh: The Movie at Rotten Tomatoes

2015 films
Lionsgate films
2015 comedy films
2010s buddy comedy films
2010s science fiction comedy films
2015 science fiction action films
2010s science fiction adventure films
2010s action adventure films
American films with live action and animation
American comedy films
American independent films
American buddy comedy films
American teen comedy films
American science fiction comedy films
American action comedy films
American science fiction films
Awesomeness Films films
20th Century Fox films
Films set in California
Films shot in California
Films directed by Alex Winter
Films about the Internet
Films about social media
Films based on web series
Films set in 2014
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
Films about time travel
American buddy action films

Smosh: The Movie


Gurney's Inn is a Long Island oceanfront resort, in Montauk, New York.
U.S. President Richard Nixon wrote his acceptance speech at the Skippers Cottage at Gurney's Inn.

The oceanfront resort includes a seawater pool and group accommodations for weddings, business meetings and other events.

Gurney's Inn was described on the Travel Channel show Hotel Impossible on April 9, 2012, as not keeping up with the times.
In 2015, the resort underwent major renovation, retrofitting and took the name Gurney's Montauk Resort & Seawater Spa. It now features renovated rooms and a large spa. It is the only licensee on the East End allowing it to function as an on ocean beach restaurant.

In 2017, Gurneys Resorts opened their first property outside of Long Island, Gurney's Newport Resort & Marina, in the former Hyatt Regency. It is located on Goat Island in Newport, Rhode Island.

In 2018, the resort acquired the Montauk Yacht Club Resort and Marina, to be renamed as "Gurney's Star Island Resort & Marina".

References

External links

Resorts in New York (state)
Montauk, New York
Buildings and structures in Suffolk County, New York

Gurney's Inn


Wang Lang (; died AD 24), originally named Wang Chang (王昌), became a leader of one of the revolts that rose up towards the end of the Xin dynasty by pretending to be a son of Emperor Cheng of Han. Originally a native of the Zhao State, he was acclaimed as emperor and managed to briefly establish an independent regime in the area of Hebei.

Life
Wang Lang began his working life as a fortune teller, with expertise in astronomy and calendrics, who determined that Hebei had the qi of a Son of Heaven.

Before Wang Mang established the Xin dynasty in AD 9, there was a man living in Chang'an named Liu Ziyu (刘子輿) who claimed to be the son of Emperor Cheng of Han. When Liu Ziyu was murdered on the orders of the Xin dynasty emperor Wang Mang, Wang Lang took the opportunity to pretend to be the real Liu Ziyu. Together with  (劉林), son of king Miao of Zhao (赵缪王), he claimed that in order to avoid Empress Zhao Feiyan's persecutions they had fled to Sichuan, and knowing that Hebei had the qi of the Son of Heaven.  Liu Lin planned, with the support of the powerful families of Li Yu (李育) and Zhang Can (張参), to declare Wang Lang emperor.

At that time there was a rumour that the Red Eyebrows army was crossing the Yellow River heading north. In the tenth month of AD 23, Gengshi Emperor had ordered General Liu Xiu and acting minister of war to pacify Hebei. Upon visiting the city of Handan, Liu Xiu met with Liu Lin, who suggested opening the dams in order to drown the Hebei Red Eyebrows troops. Liu Xiu declined this option, and moved on north, towards  (真定).

In the twelfth month of the same year, Liu Lin led several hundred horsemen into the city of Handan, and in the early morning arrived at the palace of King Miao of Zhao. Wang Lang was then named emperor. Wang Lang nominated Liu Lin as prime minister, Li Yu Minister of War, and Zhang Can Great General. Wang Lang's army occupied the Ji (冀) and You (幽) counties, and took advantage of the public's positive attitude towards the Han dynasty by claiming that the general  who opposed Wang Mang before the Xin dynasty was established, had not yet died and was in support of them. This gained them much popularity and support amongst the populace. Wang Lang controlled the state of Zhao from its north, and Liaodong peninsula from its eastern end, and offered a price of ten marquise-level bronze vessels for anyone who would bring the severed head of Liu Xiu.

However, by the beginning of 24 AD, Liu Xiu had gathered troops and consolidated power with  and  leading over two thousand troops to back him. Geng Kuang (耿況), the governor of Shanggu and , the governor of Yuyang Commandery (漁陽), sent cavalry to provide support to Liu Xiu.

With all the forces now available to Liu Xiu , Wang Lang suffered a series of defeats in Hebei. During the fourth month of AD 24 Liu Xiu marched into Handan, and during the fifth month the city of Handan was conquered. Wang Lang escaped from Handan but was soon caught and killed. According to the Later Han History he was killed by , one of Liu Xiu's generals.

Notes

1st-century BC births
24 deaths
Year of birth unknown
1st-century Chinese people
Ancient rebels
Chinese rebels

Wang Lang (Xin dynasty)


Barnsley Warren () is a  biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1954 and renotified in 1984. The site is also included in A Nature Conservation Review. It lies in a steep-sided dry valley, east of the A429, northeast of Cirencester in the Cotswolds. The site is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 (on line) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS).

Following the introduction of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act, the whole of the site was designated "access land" and is therefore open to public access.

There are seven units of assessment and the Gloucestershire Pasqueflower Reserve is unit 4.

Gloucestershire Pasqueflower Reserve
 Natural England SSSI information on Barnsley Warren
Within the boundary of the Warren, at , is the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust's Gloucestershire Pasqueflower Reserve which is a  site. Detailed information is published in the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust nature reserves handbook.

Pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vulgaris) is found in larger quantities here than anywhere else in the Cotswolds, which are at the western limit of this species' European range. The flowers bloom in late April or early May. The population has been estimated at over twenty thousand plants.

This is a south-west facing slope of Oolitic limestone slope. The thin rendzina soils become richer colluvial deposits in the valley floor. There is a typical Cotswold winterwell in the south-east corner. When this floods in winter it becomes the source of the Ampney Brook.

Other notable plants and species
The Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust reserves handbook lists species. Other notable plants found at the site include man orchid (Aceras anthropophorum), musk orchid (Herminimum monorchis), slender bedstraw (Galium pumilum), chalk milkwort (Polgala calcarea), round-headed rampion (Phyteuma tenerum) and bastard-toadflax (Thesium humifusum).

The diverse range of flowers and grasses is ideal for many downland insects and the reserve has particular good butterfly and bug populations. Recorded are small blue, chalkhill blue and dark green fritillary butterflies and the cydnid shield bug, Sehirus dubius, feeds on the bastard-toadflax. The heath snail, recorded for the site, is an indicator of ancient grassland.

Conservation
The site is grazed to prevent the dominant growth of upright brome and tor-grass.

Plant communities
The plant community in which the pasqueflower grows is CG5 (Bromus erectus - Brachypodium pinnatum grassland) in the British National Vegetation Classification

References

SSSI source
 Natural England SSSI information on the citation
 Natural England SSSI information on the Barnsley Warren units

External links
 Natural England (SSSI information)
 Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust

Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1954
Nature Conservation Review sites
Nature reserves in Gloucestershire
Cotswolds

Barnsley Warren


Jekyll and Hyde...Together Again is a 1982 sex comedy based on the 1886 novella Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson and stars Mark Blankfield, Bess Armstrong, Tim Thomerson, Krista Errickson, Cassandra Peterson, and Michael McGuire.

In the film, the surgeon Dr. Daniel Jekyll collapses from physical and mental exhaustion while experimenting with a type of powdered drug. His accidental inhalation of the powder transforms him into Hyde, a more confident persona. A love triangle forms between Jekyll/Hyde, his would-be-bride Mary Carew, and the nightclub performer Ivy Venus. Both women eventually learn about his two personalities, but Mary is only interested in Hyde and Ivy is only interested in Jekyll. The two women eventually hold their love interest captive, while negotiating with each other in a cemetery about a mutually beneficial deal.

Plot
A group of medical students observe Dr. Daniel Jekyll perform brain surgery at Our Lady of Pain and Suffering Hospital in Los Angeles, California. Hubert Howes, the world's richest man, watches a recording of the procedure from his hospital bed, hoping to recruit Jekyll to perform the world's first "total transplant," replacing every organ at once. Howes threatens to blow up the hospital if his procedure does not occur as planned. Dr. Carew, hospital overseer and Jekyll's future father-in-law, forbids Jekyll from marrying his daughter, Mary, if he does not comply with Howes' wishes.

Jekyll attends to patients in the charity ward when Mary visits, complaining that he missed their lunch date because he was working. Dr. Knute Lanyon flirts with Mary. After Mary leaves, a patient named Ivy Venus flirts with Jekyll and invites him to visit her at the nightclub where she works.

Later, Jekyll returns to his work, measuring two white powders on a square mirror. Exhausted and unable to focus, he drops the powders on the table. He falls asleep and accidentally inhales the powder, causing him to transform. With an air of wild confidence, he bags more of the powdered drug, steals a car, and drives to Ivy's club. After Ivy performs onstage, she takes him to her room backstage and undresses. He introduces himself as "Hyde" and they have sex. The next morning, Jekyll, regretting his actions, declares his unwavering love to Mary.

Over the next few days, Jekyll makes various attempts to dispose of his drug, but always ends up deciding to inhale more, which leads to comical and sexually charged exploits.

Jekyll wins a research grant, and is invited to a ceremony in London, England. Hoping to use the money to buy Ivy's affection, Hyde finds her at an arcade and invites her to accompany him on his trip. Ivy says she prefers Jekyll to Hyde. When he reveals that they are both the same man, she does not believe him; in his frustration, he destroys an arcade game, and Ivy is electrocuted. Hyde travels to Los Angeles International Airport and climbs onto the back of an airplane headed for London. Ivy revives and travels to London via train vowing her revenge.

At the ceremony, actor George Chakiris accepts the award on the doctor's behalf, declaring that the remaining vial of Jekyll's substance will be donated. Hyde swings down from the balcony, grabbing the microphone and singing. Realizing that Hyde is the same man as her fiancé, Mary becomes aroused by his new personality. Hyde removes his pants, runs out of the hall and is chased through the foggy streets by the audience members. Ivy joins the crowd, and they follow him until he falls off the side of a building. As Ivy and Mary kneel next to Hyde's body, he transforms back into Jekyll. Upon waking, he claims that the drugs have exposed the two sides of his split personality. Mary desires Hyde, while Ivy wants Jekyll, and the two women drag him through a cemetery, agreeing to work out an arrangement.

Nearby, the skeletal corpse of Robert Louis Stevenson rolls over in its grave.

Cast

Production
In spring of 1981, word of an impending strike by the Directors Guild of America reached the studio heads at Paramount. Michael Eisner and Barry Diller decided to expedite production of several low-budget films in order to have product ready for distribution should the strike occur. Eisner and head of production Don Simpson each chose a few screenplays they personally liked and thought could be produced cheaply and quickly. Jekyll and Hyde...Together Again was one of Eisner's choices, along with White Dog and I'm Dancing As Fast As I Can.

Release
The film was given a theatrical release in the United States by Paramount Pictures in October 1982. It grossed $3,792,188 and was considered a box-office bomb.

References

External links

1982 films
1982 black comedy films
1982 comedy horror films
1980s sex comedy films
American black comedy films
American comedy horror films
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde films
1980s English-language films
Films about drugs
Films directed by Jerry Belson
Films scored by Barry De Vorzon
Films with screenplays by Monica Johnson
Paramount Pictures films
Films with screenplays by Jerry Belson
1980s American films
Films set in London
Films set in Los Angeles
Films about surgeons

Jekyll and Hyde... Together Again


Theodore Jonas Flicker (June 6, 1930 – September 12, 2014) was an American playwright, theatrical producer, television and film director, actor, television writer, screenwriter, author and sculptor.

Early life

Born in 1930 at Freehold Borough, New Jersey, Flicker attended Admiral Farragut Academy in Tom's River, New Jersey from 1947 to 1949. From 1949 to 1951, he studied at Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, alongside fellow drama students Joan Collins and Larry Hagman.

Theatre career
In 1954, he became a member of Chicago's Compass Theater, America's first theater of improvisational comedy. Eventually, he worked as producer, director, and performer with the Compass Players in St. Louis. The company was such a success that he was able to raise money to establish the Crystal Palace Theater, then the only monthly repertory stage in the country.

In 1959, he wrote the book and directed the Broadway musical The Nervous Set. Fran Landesman provided the lyrics, and Tommy Wolf the musical score. The show was revived in 2006. In 1960, he established The Premise on New York's Bleecker Street in a basement venue, where he initially appeared alongside Tom Aldredge, George Segal, and Joan Darling. Over the next few years, openings would be filled by performers such as James Frawley, Buck Henry, Gene Hackman, Sandy Baron, Al Mancini, Garry Goodrow, George Furth, Cynthia Harris, Peter Bonerz, Mina Kolb, Michael Howard, and Sandra Seacat (as Sandra Kaufman). The show eventually transferred to the Comedy Theatre in London's West End.  A follow-up improvisational satire, The Premise in Living Color, targeted racism and featured Godfrey Cambridge, Diana Sands, and Al Freeman Jr.

Film and television career
Moving into motion pictures, Flicker directed and co-wrote (with Henry) the screenplay for his first film The Troublemaker in 1964. As a filmmaker, he is probably best known for his political lampoon The President's Analyst (1967) with James Coburn, although he cites Jacob Two-Two Meets the Hooded Fang (1978) among his personal favorites.

An occasional actor, he is the first victim in Beware! The Blob! (1972), directed by Larry Hagman. He also rides at full gallop as Buffalo Bill Cody in The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981), debut-directed by cinematographer William A Fraker, who shot The President's Analyst.

As the writer of the pilot for the television series Barney Miller (1975), he became the show's co-owner, and also wrote and/or directed episodes of The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Andy Griffith Show, The Man From U.N.C.L.E., Night Gallery, The Streets of San Francisco, and I Dream of Jeannie. Flicker also appeared as the Devil in a 1971 episode of Night Gallery he had written called Hell's Bells.

Other ventures
Flicker has written extensively on expressionism and how it applies to his own art, and is the author of the epic novel The Good American, one of the first books to be marketed exclusively on the Internet.

A documentary biopic screened in 2007 at the Santa Fe Film Festival. Directed by David Ewing, Ted Flicker: A Life in Three Acts had its world premiere at Santa Fe's Film Center on October 17, 2008. Among the interviewees are George Segal and Tom Aldredge, as well as Henry and Darling.

Personal life
His only marriage was to Barbara Joyce Perkins, whom he wed in a Los Angeles synagogue on September 30, 1966. The couple resided in Santa Fe, New Mexico from 1986. Their northside home abuts a  sculpture garden displaying his own works as well as those of Allan Houser, Paul Moore, Tony Price, Michael Bergt, and others.

On May 13, 1994, Flicker legally changed his name to Ted Flicker.

Flicker died in his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico on the night of September 12, 2014. He was 84.

Filmography
The Troublemaker (with Buck Henry) (1964)
Many Happy Returns (1964) (TV)
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964) (TV)
The Bill Dana Show (1964) (TV)
The Rogues (1965) (TV)
The Andy Griffith Show (1965) (TV)
The Dick Van Dyke Show (1965) (TV)
I Dream of Jeannie (1965) (TV)
Spinout (1966)
The President's Analyst (1967)
Up in the Cellar (1970)
Nichols (1971) (TV)
Night Gallery (1971) (TV)
Banyon (1972) (TV)
The Mod Squad (1972) (TV)
Streets of San Francisco (1972) (TV)
Guess Who's Sleeping in My Bed? (1973) (TV)
Banacek (1973) (TV)
Barney Miller (1974–1980) (TV)
Just a Little Inconvenience (1977) (TV)
Last of the Good Guys (1978) (TV)
Jacob Two-Two Meets The Hooded Fang (1978)
Where the Ladies Go (1980) (TV)
Soggy Bottom, U.S.A. (1981)

References

External links
Kliph Nesteroff Interview with Ted Flicker, 2014

1930 births
2014 deaths
Admiral Farragut Academy alumni
Alumni of RADA
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
American television directors
American theatre managers and producers
American sculptors
Jewish American dramatists and playwrights
Jewish American male actors
Jewish sculptors
People from Freehold Borough, New Jersey
Film directors from Florida
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers
Film directors from New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
21st-century American Jews

Theodore J. Flicker


The Nwagu Aneke script is a syllabary and some logographs that was developed by Nwagu Aneke for the Umuleri dialect of Igbo in the late 1950s. Aneke, a successful land owner and diviner, claimed to have had no prior reading or writing skills, and that he was  inspired by spirits who revealed the characters to him. The script does not have any vowels but is similar to other West African scripts invented in the 19th and 20th centuries such as the Vai syllabary because it has characters for sounds that are not in the Latin script. Aneke had written over 100 textbooks worth of anti-colonial commentary works and diary entries such as The Spirits Implore Me to Record All They Have Taught Me and I Went Round the World before his death in 1991.

References

Igbo language
Writing systems of Africa
Syllabary writing systems

Nwagu Aneke script


Kresten Bjerre (22 February 1946 – 19 February 2014) was a Danish footballer, who played professionally for Houston Stars in the United States, and European clubs PSV Eindhoven and R.W.D. Molenbeek.

Nicknamed "Generalen" (the General), the defender obtained a total 22 caps for the Danish national team, for which he scored twelve goals in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Playing career

Club
Born in Copenhagen, Bjerre started playing football with local clubs Boldklubben Sylvia and Akademisk Boldklub (AB). He helped AB win the 1967 Danish football championship, and made his national team debut in May 1967. He played eight national team games until October 1967, scoring eight goals. He scored a hat-trick against Iceland, in a most remarkable 14-2 victory. He also scored two goals as Denmark beat the Netherlands 3-2 in the qualification for the 1968 European Championship.

In early 1968, he moved abroad to play professionally for American team Houston Stars in the NASL championship. Due to the Danish rules of amateurism, his national team career went on a hiatus. He played the 1968 season for Houston Stars, When the team folded after the season, Bjerre moved back to Europe. He went on to play for PSV Eindhoven in the Netherlands. In 1969, he moved on to Belgian club R.W.D. Molenbeek. He was one of the best paid footballers in the Belgian League, and was the first foreign player to be named team captain in Belgian football. While at Molenbeek, the Danish rules of amateurism were abolished, and Bjerre re-entered the Danish national team in May 1971. He played 14 additional national team games, scoring a further four goals. In his last 13 Danish national games, Kresten Bjerre served as national team captain.

The lacking professionalism of the Danish national team did not sit well with Bjerre, and he became a Belgian citizen in order for Danish international Benny Nielsen to take his place in Molenbeek's restricted quota of foreign players in 1974. This meant Bjerre's final farewell to the Danish national team in November 1973, though he changed back to Danish citizenship after retiring. Bjerre went on to concentrate on his Molenbeek career, and won the 1975 Belgian League championship with the team. He was a part of the Molenbeek team that reached the semi-finals of the European 1977 UEFA Cup tournament, before retiring at the end of that season.

Managerial career
He moved back to Denmark, where he became a football coach. Under his coaching, Køge BK reached the 1979 Danish Cup final, where the team lost to B 1903. He later coached Holbæk B&I, Herfølge BK, and AB, as well as a number of minor Danish clubs. He went on to become the park manager of BK Frem's stadium Valby Idrætspark. Bjerre died from cancer in early 2014.

Honours
Belgian League: 1975
Danish championship: 1967

References

External links

Peder's Fodboldstatistik profile
Houston Stars stats

1946 births
2014 deaths
Men's association football defenders
Danish men's footballers
Denmark men's international footballers
Denmark men's under-21 international footballers
Akademisk Boldklub players
Houston Stars players
PSV Eindhoven players
R.W.D. Molenbeek (1909) players
Go Ahead Eagles players
Eredivisie players
Belgian Pro League players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Danish football managers
Køge Boldklub managers
Holbæk B&I managers
Herfølge Boldklub managers
Akademisk Boldklub managers
Deaths from cancer in Denmark
People from Frederikssund Municipality
Footballers from the Capital Region of Denmark
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Danish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Danish expatriate sportspeople in the United States

Kresten Bjerre


The Drover's Wife is a play by Leah Purcell, loosely based on the classic short story of the same name by Henry Lawson published in 1892.

Synopsis
The title character, Molly Johnson, is a heavily pregnant woman living in a remote homestead in the Snowy Mountains, whose husband spends long periods away as a drover. She encounters Yadaka, an Aboriginal man on the run from colonial authorities. Over a few days, a series of events occur which change their lives forever.

Productions
The play premiered at the Belvoir St Theatre in Sydney from 17 September to 16 October 2016, directed by Leticia Càceres and produced by Belvoir. The cast included Purcell in the title role, Mark Coles Smith, Tony Cogin, Benedict Hardie, and Will McDonald.

Critical reception
The play and the original production were widely acclaimed.

Awards
The Drover's Wife has received multiple awards, including the Nick Enright Prize for Playwriting and the overall Book of the Year at the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, and the Prize for Drama and the overall Victorian Prize for Literature at the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards. The play was named Best New Australian Work, and the Belvoir production Best Mainstage Production, at the Sydney Theatre Awards in January 2017. It received the national Helpmann Award for Best Play and Best New Australian Work in July 2017. At the AWGIE Awards in August 2017, The Drover's Wife received the Major Award across all writing for performance genres, the Stage award and the David Williamson Prize for excellence in writing for Australian theatre.

Film adaptation
The play was adapted into a 2021 film, also written and directed by Purcell.

See also
Leah Purcell#The Drover's Wife

References

Further reading

Australian plays
2016 plays
Indigenous Australian theatre
Stage plays about Aboriginal Australians

The Drover's Wife (play)


Dan Anton Fabian Körberg, (born 19 September 1977) is a Swedish television presenter, musician and actor.

He is the son of Tommy Körberg och Anki Lidén. He is also the half-brother of musician Avicii. He played the character Adam Frick in the TV-series Vita lögner (1997–1998) broadcasted on TV3, he has presented the game show "Pussel" broadcasted on TV4, and the comedy clip show "All världens reklam" broadcasted on TV11. He has also acted in the TV-series Karatefylla broadcasted on TV6.
Körberg plays the drums in the country rockband "Boots On" and also the band Roxie 77.

Between 2009 and 2015, he was the presenter of the morning show Morronrock on the radio station Rockklassiker. As a voice actor he made the swedish voices for the character Spitelout Jorgenson in How to Train Your Dragon (2010), and P.H. in the movie Hop (2011).

References

Other websites

Living people
1977 births
Swedish actors

Anton Körberg