was a village located in Minamiazumi District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the village had an estimated population of 17,120 and a density of 425.76 persons per km². The total area was 40.21 km².

On October 1, 2005, Misato, was merged with the town of Akashina (from Higashichikuma District), the towns of Hotaka and Toyoshina, and the village of Horigane (all from Minamiazumi District), was merged to create the city of Azumino.

External links
 Azumino official website

Dissolved municipalities of Nagano Prefecture
Azumino, Nagano

Misato, Nagano


is a Japanese author, best known for writing the light novel The Garden of Sinners and visual novels Tsukihime and Fate/stay night, and a co-founder of Type-Moon. He graduated from Hosei University with a major in human science.

Biography
Together with his junior high school classmate and friend Takashi Takeuchi, Nasu formed Type-Moon in 2000, originally as a dōjin group to create the visual novel Tsukihime, which soon gained immense popularity. His influences include Hideyuki Kikuchi, Yukito Ayatsuji, Soji Shimada, Natsuhiko Kyogoku, Kenji Takemoto, Ken Ishikawa and Yasuhiro Nightow.

After the success of Tsukihime, Type-Moon became a commercial organization. A sequel to Tsukihime, Kagetsu Tohya, was released in August 2001. On 28 January 2004, Type-Moon released Fate/stay night, written by Nasu; it, too, gained great success, becoming one of the most popular visual novels on the day of its release. A sequel to Fate/stay night, Fate/hollow ataraxia, was released on 28 October 2005. Nasu's visual novel work has been adapted to extremely popular manga and anime series.

Works

Among his earlier works are the novels Kara no Kyōkai, originally released in 1998 and re-printed in 2004, Angel Notes, Mahōtsukai no Yoru and Kōri no Hana.

Novels
 Kara no Kyōkai also called Garden of Sinners - originally released in 1998 and re-printed in 2004. It was also re-released in a three-volume format with new illustrations in 2007
 Decoration Disorder Disconnection
 Tsuki no Sango (Moon's Coral)
 Mahōtsukai no Yoru
 Notes. (Angel Voice)

 Clock Tower 2015
 Garden Of Avalon
 Avalon le Fae Synopsys

Visual novels
 Tsukihime (2000)
 Kagetsu Tohya (2001) – Fan-disc of Tsukihime.
 Fate/stay night (2004)
 Fate/hollow ataraxia (2005) – Fan-disc of Fate/stay night.
 428: Shibuya Scramble (2008) – Nasu wrote a special scenario for the game, with fellow Type-Moon co-founder Takashi Takeuchi providing the character designs. This scenario got a sequel as an anime, Canaan.
 Mahōtsukai no Yoru (2012) – Adaptation of the novel.
 Tsukihime -A piece of blue glass moon- (2021) – Remake of Tsukihime Near-Side Route.
 Tsukihime -The other side of red garden- (TBA) – Remake of Tsukihime Far-Side Route.

Video games
 Melty Blood - Melty Blood Actress Again Current Code (2002 - 2016) – Story dialogue
 Fate/Extra (2010) – Story dialogue
 Fate/Extra CCC (2013) - Storyline Writer
 Fate/Grand Order (2015) - Composition, Screenplay & Supervision. Storyline and dialogue for several main story chapters, including Singularity F: Fuyuki, Sixth Singularity: Camelot, Seventh Singularity: Babylonia, Final Singularity: Solomon, Prologue/December 31st 2019, Lostbelt No.5: Olympus (along Hikaru Sakurai), Lostbelt No.6: Avalon le Fae and Lostbelt No.7: Nahui Mictlan. It also includes the main story related event Abyssal Cyber Space: SE.RA.PH and the summer events Servant Festival and Servant Festival 2023, along several lesser others.
 Fate/Extella (2016) - Main Scenario writer.
 Fate/Extella Link (2018) - Scenario supervisor
 Melty Blood: Type Lumina (2021) – Storyline dialogue
 Fate/Extra Record (TBA) – Story dialogue

Anime
 Fate/Grand Order: Moonlight/Lostroom (2017) - Script
 Fate/Extra Last Encore (2018) - Series Composition, Original Concept

Films
 Fate/Grand Order: Camelot - Wandering; Agaterám (2020)
 Fate/Grand Order: Camelot - Paladin; Agaterám (2021)
 Fate/Grand Order Final Singularity - Grand Temple of Time: Solomon (2021)

References

External links
 Kinoko Nasu's and Takashi Takeuchi's official website and online diary
 Type-Moon's official website
 Kinoko Nasu manga  in Media Arts Database
 Kinoko Nasu anime listing in Media Arts Database

1973 births
20th-century Japanese novelists
21st-century Japanese novelists
Anime screenwriters
Dark fantasy writers
Japanese writers
Japanese fantasy writers
Japanese screenwriters
Japanese video game designers
Living people
Type-Moon
Writers of modern Arthurian fiction

Kinoko Nasu


Leon Carnovsky (November 28, 1903 – December 6, 1975) was a librarian and educator who focused much of his time to the survey of libraries in the United States and around the globe. Carnovsky was recognized by American Libraries as being one of the 100 most influential figures in Library and Information Sciences.

Personal life
Carnovsky was born on November 28, 1903 in St. Louis, Missouri, one of seven children born to Isaac and Jennie Stillman Carnovsky. In early life, Carnovsky found intellectual pursuits to be most interesting, and was encouraged by his parents to continue his intellectual growth, which included frequent trips to the local library.

As a young man in the library profession, Leon met Marian Satterthwaite, director of the Enoch Pratt Free Library training class in Baltimore, and was eventually married on August 25, 1939. After her death in January 1965, Leon was remarried in 1967 to Ruth French Strout, dean of students and associate professor in the Graduate Library School at Chicago University.

Education
After completing his grade school education, Carnovsky took a position in St Louis as a secretary in a manufacturing company that produced pistons and piston rings, not planning to further his education. However, after much prodding from his boss, he decided to return to the University of Missouri to pursue a degree in journalism. After a short time at the University, he became enamored with his philosophy professor, Glenn R. Morrow and changed his major to philosophy, with a minor in sociology. Upon completion of his degree, he researched the possibility of pursuing a career in librarianship.

After studying as the first male library student at the St. Louis library school for a year, he received a scholarship from the Carnegie Foundation and moved to Chicago to pursue a master's degree from the new Graduate Library School at the University of Chicago. During his tenure in the Graduate Library School, he was convinced to continue his studies past the attainment of a master's degree and instead completed his Ph.D., titling his dissertation "The Reading Needs of Typical Students, with Special Attention to Factors Contributing to the Satisfactions of Reading Interests."

Early career
After graduating from the University of Chicago, Carnovsky joined the faculty of the university in 1932 as an instructor, a position that he kept until his retirement in 1971. During his early career at the university, he, along with many other faculty, began to write to further the academic purpose of the Graduate Library School. Many of these works focused on the theory behind library science, as opposed to earlier works that primarily included "trade-schoolish" direction.

Surveyor of libraries
As Carnovsky began to further his career, he became more interested in the inner workings of public libraries. He undertook his first library survey during his early teaching career. During the survey of metropolitan library services, which was funded by the Chicago Library Club, Carnovsky developed a comprehensive list by which to guide future surveys that would be conducted by himself and his colleagues. During his career, he was asked to contribute to surveys of libraries across the country and around the world.

From his surveys, Carnovsky provided reports that discussed his findings, many of which were collaborative pieces. These surveys were conducted throughout the United States, including Michigan, New York, Illinois, and North Carolina.

Other major professional accomplishments
Later on in his career, issues surrounding international librarianship became of great concern to Carnovsky. He became an important consultant across the world, and conducted surveys of libraries in many different countries. As a consultant to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), he advised the Israeli government on the potential opportunity to open a school for library education. Upon his recommendation in his report "Report on a Programme of Library Education in Israel," the beginnings of a library education were built. After the completion of his work in Israel, UNESCO asked him to conduct a similar study in Greece; however, his recommendations were not followed in this case.

Along with his constant analysis through library surveys, Carnovsky also held various board positions with the American Library Association (ALA), was President of the Association of American Library Schools, and received a Fulbright Grant to conduct a study of international public libraries. During the time that Carnovsky served as the chairman of the ALA Committee on Accreditation, he spent his time travelling to libraries throughout the country to conduct accreditation visits. In his post as editor of the Library Quarterly, which he held from 1943 to 1961, Carnovsky became more well known for his contributions to international librarianship.

Throughout his career, Carnovsky furthered the work of librarians in the United States and around the world by publishing many works that discussed the issues that were at the heart of librarianship. His extensive bibliography includes journal articles, reports, addresses, books, letters, biographies, and even a poem or two. According to a 1968 bibliography, some of his many works include:

 What People Want to Read About
 Reading in a College Residence Hall
 The Dormitory Library: An Experiment in Stimulating Reading
 Libraries in Nazi Germany
 A Study of the Relationship between Reading Interest and Actual Reading
 They Read: What Then?
 T.E. Lawrence
 Worst Periodical Usually Found in Library Reading Rooms with Reasons – from the Point of View of Its Influence on American Civilization
 Why Graduate Study in Librarianship?
 On In-Service Training
 Kellogg Foundation Institute
 Preparation for the Librarian's Profession
 Self-Evaluation: Or, How Good Is My Library?
 An Experiment to Stimulate Reading on Latin America
 Can the Public Library Defend the Right to Freedom of Inquiry
 War and the Reading Public
 Impressions of British Librarianship Today: A Symposium by Recent Visitors
 Measure for Measure
 UNESCO Summer School
 The Obligations and Responsibilities of the Librarian Concerning Censorship
 I Never Enjoyed Such a Year
 The Public Libraries of Paris
 Pierce Butler, 1886-1953
 Library Education in the United States: A Statement of its Rationale
 Report of a Programme of Library Education in Israel
 The Foreign Student in the Accredited Library School
 The Library as a Social Institution
 A Library School for Greece: A Prospectus
 Publishing the Results of Research in Librarianship
 The Role of the Public Library: Implications for Library Education
 Toward World Literacy

End of life
After the end of his career at the University of Chicago in 1971, Carnovsky relocated to his retirement home in Oakland, California. He died there on December 6, 1975.

References

20th-century American educators
American librarians
University of Chicago faculty
1903 births
1975 deaths
University of Missouri alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago Graduate Library School alumni
Library science scholars

Leon Carnovsky


Turisas2013 is the fourth studio album by folk metal band Turisas. It was published on August 21 in Finland, and August 26 in Europe, while the UK followed on September 2 and North America on September 3.

The album was produced by vocalist Mathias Nygård and the majority of the album recorded by Nygård and guitarist Jussi Wickström in a remote house outside of Helsinki that served as the Turisas2013 command centre and headquarters. Additional recordings were conducted in two other studios: the drums at Atomic Spa Studio and orchestral recordings at 5 by 5 Studio, both in Helsinki. Many of the vocals and numerous additional elements were tracked at Sound Supreme Studio in Hämeenlinna where Turisas also recorded The Varangian Way and Stand Up and Fight.

Track listing

References

2013 albums
Turisas albums
Century Media Records albums

Turisas2013


Col. William Brewster III (1566 – April 10, 1644) was an English official who was a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a religious leader both in Europe and in Plymouth Colony. He was also one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.

William Brewster III was the son of Capt. William Brewster, Jr. (1533-1622) and Mary Smythe Simkinson (1537-1655), Capt. William Brewster, Jr. was the son of Col. William Brewster, Sr. (1500-1616) and Maud Mann (1506-1619), William III lived in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England.

Brewster studied at Peterhouse, Cambridge. Cambridge was a university where many people wanted to change the Church of England. People who agreed with this started different religions.  They were called Separatists. In England, Separatists were put into jail.

Brewster worked for a time for William Davison in the Netherlands.  Davison went to jail because he was a Separatist. When Davison went to jail, Brewster went back home to Scrooby for a time.  He became a postmaster. Brewster began a Separatist church in his house. In 1607, He also went to jail for a short time for doing this in.  Brewster and other members of the Church decided to move to Netherlands in 1608. They hoped that would be able to practice their religion there. To leave England without permission was illegal, so they left in secret. In 1609, he was chosen as the leader of the congregation.

In Leiden, Brewster taught English. In 1616 he was a printer and made religious books for sale in England. In 1619, Brewster and Edward Winslow published a religious booklet which disagreed with King James I and the Church of England. The King ordered Brewster's arrest. He was forced to hide. The printing press was taken by the English ambassador and Brewster's partner was arrested.  The congregation had already decided to leave Leiden for the New World. While Brewster was in hiding, the other members of the church looked to others such as John Carver and Robert Cushman to make the plans. Brewster escaped and, with the help of Cushman, he and Cushman were able to get aboard the Mayflower with their friends. His wife and two of his sons, Love and Wrestling, were also passengers.

The Mayflower voyage and the New World

The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, the Mayflower reached land at Cape Cod hook. They landed on November 21. William Brewster, the only college-educated Pilgrim, most likely wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

Brewster became the senior religious leader at Plymouth Colony. He also served as an advisor to Governor William Bradford.

The Brewster and his wife Mary had six children: Jonathan, Patience, Fear, who married Isaac Allerton, Unnamed child, Love Brewster, and Wrestling Brewster

Brewster's son Jonathan, arrived the next year on the ship Fortune. Brewster's daughters Patience and Fear arrived aboard the Anne.

Brewster was given land on the islands of Boston Harbor. Four of those islands are named after him. In 1632, Brewster also received lands in nearby Duxbury and moved there from Plymouth Colony to build a farm.

An epidemic killed many English and Indians in the region. William Brewster lost two daughters, Fear and Patience in 1634.

William Brewster died and was buried on 10 April 1644 at Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts. There is a memorial for him which says it is in honor of "Elder William Brewster Patriarch (father) of the Pilgrims and their Ruling Elder 1609–1644". The burial place of his wife Mary is unknown.

References

1566 births
1644 deaths
Mayflower passengers

William Brewster


The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was a terrorist bomb attack on the Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, Georgia on July 27 during the 1996 Summer Olympics. The blast claimed 1 life and injured 111 people, while another person died of a heart attack.

It was the first of four bombings committed by Eric Robert Rudolph. Security guard Richard Jewell discovered the bomb before detonation and cleared most of the spectators out of the park.

Rudolph, a carpenter and handyman, had detonated three pipe bombs inside an ALICE Pack. He was against abortion, and he wanted to force the cancellation of the Olympics.

After the bombings, Jewell was implicated as a suspect by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The news media focused aggressively on him as the presumed culprit. However, in October 1996, Jewell was cleared of all charges. Following three more bombings in 1997, Rudolph was identified by the FBI as the suspect.

In 2003, Rudolph was arrested and tried before being convicted two years later. Rudolph was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole for his crimes.

References

1996 crimes
1996 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1996 Summer Olympics
1990s explosions
1990s murders in the United States
Atlanta

Explosions in North America
July 1996 events
Terrorist attacks in the United States
Terrorist incidents in the 1990s

Centennial Olympic Park bombing


The Australian green tree frog (green tree frog in Australia, White's tree frog, or dumpy tree frog),  Litoria caerulea, is a species of tree frogs. They live in Australia and New Guinea.

The green tree frog was imported onto ships to the United States and New Zealand. The species belongs to the genus Litoria. The species magnificent tree frog (Litoria splendida) and the giant tree frog (Litoria infrafrenata) are similar to the green tree frog. The green tree frog is the largest frog in Australia. It can reach to 10 centimeters (4 inches) in length.

The average lifespan is about sixteen years, if kept captive. Green tree frogs are easy to take care of. They are okay with living near human buildings. They are often found on windows or inside houses. The green tree frog screams when it is in danger. It does this to scare off animals that have threatened them. The green tree frog squeaks when it is touched. The green tree frog is known as the most recognizable frog in Australia. This is because of how the frog looks like and because of its behavior in its habitat. It is also a popular exotic pet throughout the world. The frog's skin has antibacterial and antiviral protections. Their skin may be useful for medication in treating patients in the future.

Taxonomy

The green tree frog is one of many tree frog species of the genus Litoria. They are native in Australasia. The common name of the species is "White's tree frog". The species were named after John White. He first described the species in 1790. The green tree frog was the first frog to be classified in Australia. The specimen of the green tree frog was collected by Sir Joseph Banks. It was destroyed during the German bombing of the Hunterian Museum during World War II. The museum was located at the Royal College of Surgeons in London.

The green tree frog was first called the "blue frog" (Rana caerulea). The original specimens White sent to England were damaged by the preservative and looked blue. The color of the frog is caused by blue and green pigments covered in a yellow layer. The preservative destroyed the yellow layer. It left the frog looking blue. The word caeruela, which means blue in Latin, is part of the green tree frog's scientific name. The frog is also more known as the "green tree frog". However, that name is often given to the larger green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) in its region.

Description

The green tree frog can reach 10 centimeters (4 inches) in length. The frog's color depends on the temperature and the color of its environment. The green tree frog can be brown or green. The frog's mouth is white. The frog may have small, white-shaped spots on its back. At the end of its toes, it has large discs. This gives the frog the ability to climb. The eyes are golden. The fingers of the frog have webbed feet for swimming. The tympanum membrane can be seen on the frog.

The green tree frog looks similar to the magnificent tree frog (Litoria spendida). This frog is native to north-western Australia. The magnificent tree frog has large patrotoid and rostral glands on the head. The giant tree frog (Litoria infrafrenata) is also sometimes confused with the green tree frog. The giant tree frog has white stripes. These stripes are on the edge of the frog's lower jaw. The green tree frog does not have these stripes.

The appearance of the green tree frog tadpole changes during its development. The tadpole can reach from 8.1 millimeters (after it has hatched) to 44 millimeters. The tadpole is brown, but it later changes to green during its development. The underside of the tadpole is dark. It changes to white when the tadpole is an adult frog. The eggs are brown, in a clear jelly. They are 1.1–1.4 millimeters in diameter.

The green tree frog has lungs. They absorb oxygen through their skin. For this to happen, their skin has to be moist. However, their skin can get infected by pathogens. Pathogens will live on the frog's skin. This makes them sick. The frog will then grow peptides. These will destroy the pathogens. The skin of the Green Tree Frog has caerins. Caerins is a group of peptides with antibacterial and antivirial protection. It also has caerulins. The caerulins have physiological effects. The CCK-8 is a digestive hormone and hunger suppressant. Several peptides from the skin of the green tree frog have been found to destroy HIV without harming healthy T-cells.

Distribution

The green tree frog is native to northern and eastern parts of Australia. They are also native to southern New Guinea. In New Guinea, the green tree frog lives in the drier area of the country. The frog can be found from Irian Jaya to Port Moresby. It also can be found on Daru Island. There has been records of the frog found in northern New Guinea. However, it is thought that they were introduced there by humans. The International Conservation Union (IUCN) believes the frog is in "scattered locations" in both New Guinea and Indonesia.

The species has been introduced to the United States and New Zealand. The frog can be found in the US state of Florida. It is believed that they were introduced through pet trade. There are only small populations in Florida. It is unknown if they have caused any ecological damage. In New Zealand, there were large populations of the green tree frog. However, there have been no sightings since the 1950s.

Ecology, behavior and life history

Green Tree Frogs are easy to take care of. They are active at night. During the day, they will rest near a place where it is cool, dark, and moist. In the winter, green tree frogs do not make calling sounds. They are also not seen that much.

Depending on their location, green tree frogs will live in several habitats. They are found in the canopy of trees. They are also found near slow-moving waters. They can also live in swamps or in the grasslands in cooler climates. green tree frogs are known to live inside houses. They can be found in sinks and toilets. They can also be found on windows. They will also live in tanks, downpipes, and gutters. They like living in those places because they provide high humidity. The habitats can also be cooler than their environment. The frogs will be near downpipes and tanks during mating season. They do this because the tools will make their call louder.

The species' call is a low, slow Brawk-Brawk-Brawk. They repeat it many times. For most of the year, they will call while being on top of something that is very high. These include trees and gutters. During mating season, the frogs will call near a place where there is water. They will stay there for a little while or forever. Like many frogs, green tree frogs call to attract a mate. They will also use their call to warn other frogs that they are near. The green tree frog will make a stress call whenever they are in danger.

The green tree frogs will eat insects and spiders. However, they can also eat smaller frogs and even small mammals. The frog's teeth are not made for cutting up their prey. This means that the prey has to fit inside their mouths in order for the frog to eat it. Many frogs will stick out their tongues at prey. The green tree frog's tongues, as with many frogs, are very sticky. The prey will be stuck and will be eaten. The green tree frog will use their tongues on small prey. For larger prey, they will jump on top of it and force it into their mouths using their hands.

The frog has a few predators. They include snakes, a few species of lizards and birds. Dogs and cats have also been known to catch and eat Green Tree Frogs. The green tree frog can live up to sixteen years, if kept captive. But some have been known to live for over twenty years. The average life expectancy in the wild is lower than being captive. This is because of predation.

As a pet
The green tree frog is one of the most popular pet frogs in the world. This is because of its submissive behavior and long life expectancy. It is also a popular pet frog because it looks like a cartoon frog. It is also one of the easiest frogs to take care of. Their diet are not expensive. They also have a strong resistance to diseases. Overfeeding the frog is a common problem with pet owners. The green tree frog tends to become obese when it is overfed. In the wild, the frog's energy is needed for the frog to catch its prey. However, in captivity, they are given live food. They are also housed in comfortable habitats. This makes the frog lazy because it does not have to do any activities. When the frog is inactive, it will gain weight. An overweight green tree frog will have fat layers on top of the head and body. This gives it a "dumpy" look. This is why some pet owners call the green tree frog the "dumpy tree frog".

Conservation

According to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, the green tree frog is protected in Australia.  The IUCN lists the frog as "least concern". It is listed as "least concern" because the green tree frog can be found in many places. The Green Tree Frog's population is not declining.

Some of the green tree frog's natural habitats have been destroyed. Some Green Tree Frogs have been found to be infected with chytrid fungus. This causes chytridiomycosis. The population of the green tree frog in Australia is declining. However, because of the long life expectancy of this species, it will take longer for the frog to be an endangered species.

References

Books

Other websites

 Rainforest Australia - Litoria caerulea
 Introduction to Keeping White's tree frogs as pets
 White's tree frog feeding and care
 White's treefrogs & Other Frogs Photo Gallery
 Frogs Australia Network - Australian Frog Database - Litoria caerulea - Australian green tree frog  - Australian green tree frog call

Pelodryadidae

Australian green tree frog


Mark Kramer (born November 3, 1945) is a Philadelphia-born jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and producer/engineer.  His numerous recordings/ productions are often listed under  "The Mark Kramer Trio."  However, many works with acclaimed jazz bassist Eddie Gómez  are listed under "Eddie Gómez and Mark Kramer" or simply "Eddie Gómez".  These are significant signature co-productions.

Members of the Philadelphia Orchestra mentored him on violin from the age of five.   His early jazz performances, in his teens and twenties, included those with Michael Brecker and Randy Brecker, Charles Fambrough,  Stanley Clarke, and Eric Gravatt.

Over the next decades his trio went on to record a series of specialty productions including:

 the largest known body of jazz renditions of complete Broadway shows, including Evita en Jazz (distributed internationally by Telarc International records), The Sound of Music/Jazz, Jazz Fiddler on the Roof, The King and I, Rent, Sophisticated Ladies, and others;
 a reharmonization and recording of an entire symphony by a jazz trio: Mozart's Symphony no. 40 in G minor K. 550 (Eroica label);
 jazz versions of principal themes from the John Williams score of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (Eroica label);
 a compilation of jazz renditions of the music of The Rolling Stones.

Thus, to date, the main part of Kramer's musical career has been as an arranger and leader of his own trios.

In addition, from the late -1980s his collaboration with co-leader - legendary bassist Eddie Gómez - has produced a far-ranging catalog of duo and trio recordings, including the Art of the Heart on Art of Life Records(released May 2006.)  Some of these recordings are reminiscent of those produced by pianist Bill Evans.

References

External links
https://musicians.allaboutjazz.com/markkramer  official biography
https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195455/http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/artists/Mark-Kramer/
https://mark-kramer.com/

1945 births
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni
Living people
Jazz musicians from Philadelphia
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

Mark Kramer (jazz pianist)


Jerzy Duszyński (; May 15, 1917–July 23, 1978) was one of the most popular actors in a post-war Poland. He starred in a number of film productions as well as theatrical plays.

Biography
Duszyński was born in Moscow to the family of Feliks (a civil servant and state administration official, activist of the Polish Red Cross) and Maria Duszyński who were evacuated from Poland right before the offensive of the German Army during World War I. After the end of World War I, along with his parents he returned to Warsaw and then soon afterwards the family moved to Mińsk Mazowiecki, where he graduated in 1935 from I Gimnazjum Humanistyczne.

After finishing high school, he continued his education at the Municipal School of Arts and Decorative Painting in Warsaw (now the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw), where he studied for only one year. In 1936, he passed the entrance exam at the Theater Arts Department of the National Institute of Theatrical Arts, where he studied along with Hanka Bielicka and Danuta Szaflarska. He successfully completed his studies in June 1939.

His stage career began just before World War II, with a debut on 25 July 1939 in the role of the minister's cousin in ("Geneva") in Polish Theater in Warsaw and then in Wilno, where he performed between 1939–41 at Theater on Pohulanka together with Hanka Bielicka and Danuta Szaflarska. After Soviet troops entered the city, he played at Vilnius Polish Dramatic Theater. At the end of 1944 he moved with the theater's team to Białystok and by the end of 1944–45 season he performed in local theater. Between 1945–49 he was an actor of the Teatr Kameralny Wojska Polskiego of Łódź. Together with a team of theater (which changed its name to Współczesny) moved to Warsaw and performed in it until 1955. In the 1955–56 season and in the years 1958–60 he was an actor of Teatr Syrena, 1956–57 Teatr Narodowy, 1960–66 Teatr Ateneum, 1966–71 Teatr Klasyczny, 1971–78 Teatr Rozmaitości.

Jerzy Duszyński's film career was supposed to start in 1939  in Hania – a film directed by Józef Lejtes, for which the shooting began in summer of 1939, but – due to the outbreak of the war – the film was never completed.

After the war he played in two popular films:Skarb and Zakazane piosenki, that have made him the first male star of the post-war Polish cinema.

His last major film role was as Józef Piłsudski in Śmierć prezydenta directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz in 1978.

He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Krzyż Kawalerski Orderu Odrodzenia Polski) and the Gold Cross of Merit (Złoty Krzyż Zasługi).

Family life
Jerzy Duszyński was married to actress Hanka Bielicka. Duszyński and Bielicka divorced in 1953.

In 1963 he married Helena Urbaniak, with whom he had only son: Marcin Duszyński.

Death
Jerzy Duszyński died on 23 July 1978 in Warsaw as a result of lung cancer.

Partial filmography

 Dwie godziny (1946, dir. Stanisław Wohl, Józef Wyszomirski) as Marek
 Zakazane piosenki (1946, dir. Leonard Buczkowski) as Roman Tokarski
 Skarb (1949, dir. Leonard Buczkowski) as Witek Konar
 Warsaw Premiere (1951, dir. Jan Rybkowski) as Wlodzimierz Wolski
 Młodość Chopina (1952, dir. Aleksander Ford) as Stefan Witwicki
 Żołnierz zwycięstwa (1953, dir. Wanda Jakubowska) as Henryk Liciński
 Domek z kart (1954, dir. Erwin Axer) as soldier
 Autobus odjeżdża 6.20 (1954, dir. Jan Rybkowski) as Wiktor Poradzki
 Černý prapor (1958, dir. Vladimír Čech) as Antek
 Awantura o Basię (1959, dir. Maria Kaniewska) as Stanisław Olszowski
 Cafe pod Minogą (1959, dir. Bronisław Brok) as journalist Andrzej Zagórski
 Mąż swojej żony (1961, dir. Stanisław Bareja) as Kurkiewicz
 Daleka jest droga (1963, dir. Bohdan Poręba) as Strzałka
 Panienka z okienka (1964, dir. Maria Kaniewska) as Denhof
 Przedświąteczny wieczór (1966, dir. Jerzy Stefan Stawiński) as doctor
 Dzieci z naszej szkoły (1968-1969, TV Series)
 Do przerwy 0:1 (1969, TV Series, dir. Stanisław Jędryka)
 Człowiek z M-3 (1969, dir. Leon Jeannot) as Clerk (uncredited)
 Paragon gola (1969, dir. Stanisław Jędryka) as journalist
 Jak rozpętałem drugą wojnę światową (1969, dir. Tadeusz Chmielewski) as Leonelli (uncredited)
 Hydrozagadka (1970, TV Movie, dir. Andrzej Kondratiuk) as Docent Frątczak;
 Gniewko, syn rybaka (1970, dir. Bohdan Poręba)
 Godzina szczytu (1973, dir. Jerzy Stefan Stawiński) as Professor
 Noce i dnie (1975, dir. Jerzy Antczak)
 Ocalić miasto (1976, dir. Jan Łomnicki) as Hans Frank
 Wielki układ (1976, dir. Andrzej Jerzy Piotrowski)
 Śmierć prezydenta (1977, dir. Jerzy Kawalerowicz) as Józef Piłsudski
 Układ krążenia (1977–1978, TV Series, dir. Andrzej Titkow)
 Indeks. Życie i twórczość Józefa M. (1977, dir. Janusz Kijowski) as uncle Karol
 Wakacje (1977, dir. Anette Olsen)
 Co mi zrobisz, jak mnie złapiesz?  (1978, dir. Stanisław Bareja) as customer at the grocery store
 Doktor Murek (1978, dir. Witold Lesiewicz)

Theatrical Plays
 Zielone lata, Claude A. Puget, premiere: 14 September 1939;
 Cieszmy się życiem, Moss Hart, George S. Kaufman, premiere: 3 November 1939;
 Pastorałka, Leon Schiller, premiere: 25 December 1939;
 Tessa, Margaret Kennedy, Basil Dean, premiere: 28 January 1940;
 Moralność pani Dulskiej, Gabriela Zapolska, premiere: 04.1940;
 Maria Stuart, Juliusz Słowacki, premiere: 1940;
 Ładna historia, Gaston A. de Caillavet, Robert de Flers, premiere: 7 July 1940;
 Zamiast komedii, teksty różnych autorów, premiere: 1 August 1940;
 Cyd, Pierre Corneille, premiere: 19 June 1941;
 Drzewa umierają stojąc, Alejandro Casona, premiere: unknown;
 Stara cegielnia, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, premiere: 1946;
 Spotkanie, Jean Anouilh, dir. Kazimierz Rudzki, premiere: 26 November 1946;
 Homer i Orchidea, Tadeusz Gajcy, dir. Sławomir Wyszomirski, premiere: 22 January 1947;
 Szklana menażeria, Tennessee Williams, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 1 March 1947;
 Amfitrion 38, Jean Giraudoux, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 18 September 1947;
 Joanna z Lotaryngii, Maxwell Anderson, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 25 June 1948;
 Niemcy, Leon Kruczkowski, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 5 November 1949;
 Trzydzieści srebrników, Howard Fast, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 30 April 1952;
 Droga z Czarnolasu, Aleksander Maliszewski, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 27 July 1952;
 Niemcy, Leon Kruczkowski, dir. Erwin Axer, premiere: 18 February 1955;
 Diabli nadali, mixed program, dir. Stanisława Perzanowska, premiere: 10 July 1955;
 Rym-cym-cym!, Julian Tuwim, dir. Adolf Dymsza, premiere: 9 June 1956;
 Madame Sans-Gene, Victorien Sardou, dir. Andrzej Łapicki, premiere: 15 November 1958;
 Maestro, J.Minkiewicz, A.Marianowicz, dir. K.Krukowski, premiere: 23 October 1959;
 Jim strzela pierwszy, Jiri Brdecki, dir. Stanisław Wohl, premiere: 23 December 1959;
 Ryszard III, William Shakespeare, dir. Jacek Woszczerowicz, premiere: 17 October 1960;
 Śmierć komiwojażera, Arthur Miller, dir. Janusz Warmiński, premiere: 26 November 1960;
 Męczeństwo z przymiarką, Ireneusz Iredyński, dir. Jan Bratkowski, premiere: 14 January 1961;
 Kram z piosenkami, Leon Schiller, dir. Barbara Fijewska, premiere: 25 February 1961;
 Krucjata, Krzysztof Choiński, dir. Jan Bratkowski, premiere: 24 March 1961;
 Andorra, Max Frisch, dir. Janusz Warmiński, premiere: 2 May 1962;
 Duże jasne, Jarosław Abramow-Newerly, dir. Jerzy Markuszewski, premiere: 19 October 1962;
 Demony, John Whiting, dir. Andrzej Wajda, premiere: 2 March 1963;
 Marie-Octobre, J.Robert, J.Duvivier, H.Jeanson, dir. Janusz Warmiński, premiere: 24 October 1963;
 Za rzekę w cień drzew, Ernest Hemingway, dir. Jacek Woszczerowicz, premiere: 28 January 1964;
 Madame Bovary, Gustav Flaubert, dir. Ireneusz Kanicki, premiere: 23 November 1966;
 Dziś do ciebie przyjść nie mogę, Ireneusz Kanicki, Lech Budrecki, dir. Ireneusz Kanicki, premiere: 12 March 1967;
 Cudzołóstwo ukarane, Janusz Głowacki, dir. Lech Hellwig-Górzyński, premiere: 14 May 1972;
 Hultaj, G. Gottesman, A.Jarecki, dir. Andrzej Ziembiński, premiere: 19 November 1972;
 Żaby, Arystofanes, dir. Giovanni Pampiglione, premiere: 16 February 1973;
 Nieuczesani, Czesław Czapów, dir. Ludwik Rene, premiere: 17 February 1974;
 Zajmij się Amelią, Georges Feydeau, dir. Józef Słotwiński, premiere: 21 June 1976;
 Sen, Felicja Kruszewska, dir. Jerzy Dobrowolski, premiere: 12 November 1976;
 Happy End, Dorothy Lane, dir. Olga Lipińska, premiere: 4 May 1977;
 Czworokąt, Edward Redliński, dir. Marek Kostrzewski, premiere: 4 May 1977;
 Dyl Sowizdrzał'', Grigorij Gorin, dir. Wojciech Pokora, premiere: 8 April 1978.

References

External links

 Jerzy Duszyński at the Polish Film Academy

1917 births
1978 deaths
Male actors from Warsaw
Male actors from Moscow
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)
Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw alumni
20th-century Polish male actors

Jerzy Duszyński (actor)


John Ryan (born 1 May 1950) is an entrepreneur involved in the cosmetic surgery business in the United Kingdom and the former chairman of his hometown club Doncaster Rovers, which he has supported since being a boy.

After expanding a cosmetic surgery company, which he sold in 2002, he created his own MYA (Make Yourself Amazing) line of surgical clinics in 2007. Ryan has written an autobiography, Dare To Dream, which has been on sale since February 2010.

Ryan entered The Guinness Book of Records as the oldest footballer to appear for a professional British club when he came on as a substitute in the 89th minute for Doncaster Rovers against Hereford United in a Conference National match on 26 April 2003, at the age of 52 years and 11 months. He was allocated the number 28.

References

External links
John Ryan football profile at doncasterrovers.co.uk
John Ryan article on Supporters Group site

1950 births
Living people
People from Doncaster
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English football chairmen and investors

John Ryan (businessman)


Donald Munro Shand CMG (20 September 1904 – 7 November 1976) was an Australian grazier and the founder of East-West Airlines.

Shand was born in Drummoyne in Sydney to accountant James Shand (later a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly) and Ann, née Donald. Shand attended Epping Public, Cleveland Street Intermediate High and Burwood Commercial schools, and studied at Sydney Technical College while employed by a wool firm. He worked on properties near Armidale before becoming a wool and skin buyer. On 24 May 1927 he married Evelyn Wigan, née Hawkins, formerly Hyde, a twice-widowed 48-year-old, at St Stephen's Presbyterian Church in Sydney. They settled near Armidale at Woodville, a 4000-acre property.

Shand converted the heavily wooded area of his property into agricultural land, selling wood to Armidale residents, and managed to survive the Great Depression by long and hard work. His reputation grew and by 1939 he was known for cultivation of soy beans, peas, chrysanthemums (for pyrethrum) and opium poppies (for morphine). He ran as one of several Country Party candidates for the House of Representatives seat of New England in 1940 and 1949, but was not successful. During World War II he organised mass production of primary products by co-operating with other landholders and using women to work the land.

In 1947 Shand became the founding chairman of East-West Airlines, which flew between Tamworth and Sydney, as well as other routes. The airline was also used for agricultural purposes, spreading superphosphate, seeding and crop dusting, for example. Trans-Australian Airlines was a related company, but Shand resisted pressure from the Commonwealth Government and Senator Shane Paltridge to accept a takeover from Ansett. Routes to Maroochydore and Alice Springs were added in the early 1970s.

Shand had been appointed to a new crops advisory body by the government during World War II, and by smuggling grains of hybrid maize from the United States he expanded on Australia's existing commercial industry. Appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1976, Shand was able to exploit the plummet in beef prices in the early 1970s with his new crops.

Shand's first wife died in 1951; he married another 48-year-old widow, Beryl Constance Downe, née Coventry, on 24 May 1952 at St Paul's Church in Armidale. He died at Woodville in 1976 and was cremated.

References

1904 births
1976 deaths
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George

Donald Shand


The Promise (Filipino: Ang Pangako) is a 2007 Filipino coming-of-age romantic drama film starring Richard Gutierrez and Angel Locsin. The film project also marks the final movie together for Richard and Angel as a love team as they both went on to separate successful careers. The film is a remake of Hihintayin Kita sa Langit which was also written by the film's screenwriter, Racquel N. Villavicencio and was an adaptation of Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights. The movie was produced by GMA Pictures.

Plot

A grandfather is walking along the beach when his grandchildren inquire about the lighthouse that looks over the waters. He replies by telling them that the lighthouse is older than himself and tells them a story about it. The story is about a young girl named Andrea (Angel Locsin) and her older brother Jason (Ryan Eigenmann) whose parents work in a sugar cane field of a family called the De Veras. One day, Andrea finds a dirty boy hiding out in their truck. Her father pities the boy and takes him in as his own son.

As the years go by and the children get older, Andrea and the boy, Daniel (Richard Gutierrez), grow very fond of each other while Jason becomes jealous of Daniel because of how much attention he has gotten from his family. One day Jason and Daniel get into a fight when their parents are not home and Jason beats him up and tells him that he will be sleeping outside that night. Andrea goes out to comfort Daniel and the two imply that they love each other. The two play together and pretend to get married: Andrea is the bride, Daniel the groom and the De Vera's daughter, Monique (Rhian Ramos), is the bridesmaid. Monique complains that she is always the bridesmaid and now she wants to have her turn at marrying Daniel. One day, Andrea's parents have news that they are moving into the hacienda behind the De Vera mansion and Jason, disappointed that he will not actually be living in the big house, runs away swearing to one day get rid of Daniel for good.

Now Andrea and Daniel are in their early twenties. Andrea's parents get into a car accident and die. Jason secretly comes back for his parents' funeral and afterwards, he shows up at the hacienda and tells Daniel and Andrea that he is the head of the household and kicks Daniel out. The De Vera's children, Antonio (aka Anton, (TJ Trinidad) and Monique, come back from studying abroad and their mother throws them a welcome home party. After hearing that Monique has returned, Andrea and Daniel go to check it out even though they were not invited. Andrea had a scheme to get a glimpse of the party but she was unable to see anything when she was bitten by one of the guard dogs. Daniel carries her into the party to seek help and then Anton gets the doctor to inspect her. She stays at the De Vera mansion for a few days, just until her foot recovers. It then seems that Anton has fallen hard for Andrea and Monique for Daniel but they are not interested. Daniel and Andrea love each other very much and make a promise to always be together. To physically seal the deal, they go to the lighthouse near the beach, Daniel gives Andrea a locket with their pictures in it and the two make love. When Andrea comes home from the lighthouse, she meets her brother and he tells her that he has made a business deal with Anton. The deal will only work if Andrea agrees to marry Anton. Andrea refuses because she clearly loves Daniel. Jason threatens to kill her if she does not obey him and starts beating her. She cries herself to sleep and hears Daniel calling to her from her window. She ignores him in fear that Jason might catch her if she tried to meet with him.

The next day Daniel tries to meet with Andrea again but she unwillingly ignores him and heads into Anton's house. Shocked, he tries again to talk to her but she tries to avoid him. He finally gets her attention and interrogates her about her being at Anton's house instead of meeting with him. She does not answer until she is questioned about the wound under her lip, the one given to her by Jason the previous night. She says that she tripped and hurt herself. She tells Daniel not to worry about anything; everything's gonna be all right. In the next scene the couple intimately makes out at Daniel's house but they are interrupted when Jason furiously barges in at the sight of the two kissing. He shouts at Andrea and pulls at her hair and then goes after Daniel, whom he beats to the ground; his final blow is to the head with a wooden crate full of bottles. He leaves the scene and Andrea attends to the now unconscious Daniel, asking him to forgive her. A few days later Daniel goes down by the lake to wash off his wounds. Monique sees him there and tries to flirt with him. She asks him if he is going to Andrea's birthday party but he replies by saying that he was not invited. Monique tells him that she was invited and now she is inviting him so the two go to Andrea's party together. Once there, Andrea notices that Daniel is attending. She thinks nothing of it and the party continues. Anton then holds a box out in front of her and opens it, revealing a necklace with a diamond pendant. Daniel sees that Andrea is still wearing the locket that he gave her and he is surprised when she has to take it off just to try on Anton's necklace. Then Anton gets down on one knee and asks Andrea if she loves him. Despite her heart telling her the contrary, she sadly looks up at Daniel and says yes. Daniel is shocked to hear this. Anton then asks her to marry him and before she can answer, Daniel has already fled from the party. Andrea says she will think about it and runs off to find Daniel and explain things to him. She searches everywhere but once she gets to his house, she finds no one and concludes that he took all his savings and ran away.

Andrea marries Anton according to her brother's wishes and Daniel becomes successful by being an underground mixed martial artist-brawler. Three years have passed since Andrea's party and one day Daniel decides to return to his hometown. Anton, Andrea and Monique patiently wait for a friend of Anton's, someone whom he has made business with. The man arrives on a yacht and he turns out to be Daniel. Everybody is surprised at this, especially Andrea. Daniel tries to win over Monique's heart again in attempts to make Andrea jealous. Andrea at this point is not jealous at all; in fact, she is still so shocked by Daniel's presence that she faints. She is revived and that night; Daniel comes by Andrea and Anton's house to speak to her. The two meet in the backyard and it is revealed that their feelings for each other have not changed one bit. Daniel tells her to meet him later at the lighthouse and Andrea goes back into the house to prepare for the "meeting" and looks for the locket that Daniel gave her three years back. Anton goes up to their room and the couple sleeps together. Then when Andrea is sure that Anton has fallen asleep, she goes to the lighthouse to meet with Daniel and the two make love.

When Andrea comes home from the lighthouse, she is shocked to see that Anton has awakened and that he knows where she has been and with whom. He shows her that he also knows about the locket, which she forgot to wear when she went to meet with Daniel, and he throws it to the ground. He then approaches Andrea and pulls at her hair asking her questions. At this time Monique walks into this scene of the fight and asks what is going on. Anton says that Andrea is making a fool out of him, and pretending to love him when she really loves someone else. Then Andrea tells Anton to let her go because Daniel is waiting for her at the lighthouse but Anton tells her to let him wait forever and takes her to their bedroom. Monique notices Andrea's locket on the floor. She picks it up and looks at the pictures; it has now become clear to her as to what this was all about. Then she goes to the lighthouse to meet Daniel instead of Andrea and she deceives him, telling him that Andrea sent her to tell him that she does not love him any more and that she has changed her mind and loves Anton. She gives Daniel back the locket.

The next night Andrea, Anton, Monique and Daniel have dinner together on the beach. There, Daniel declares that the yacht that he arrived in a few days ago now belongs to Monique. Also, just like Anton did when he proposed to Andrea, Daniel proposes to Monique with a necklace. Shocked and surprised, Monique accepts and Andrea is crushed. Daniel and Anton go off to talk for a while and they make a deal: Anton will let Daniel marry his sister only if once they marry, they will move somewhere far away to settle. Daniel agrees. Meanwhile, Andrea tells Monique not to marry Daniel because she will be truly heartbroken, that he only wants to marry her to make Andrea jealous. Monique does not believe her and leaves. When Andrea and Anton go to bed, Andrea begs Anton not to let his sister and Daniel marry because it will shatter her heart. In the middle of the night, Andrea wakes up, and she can be seen in the bathroom clutching her stomach and seems to be in massive pain. The next morning she is still asleep, and Anton is watching her. She starts muttering words in her sleep, as if she was talking to Daniel, saying such things as "Daniel, don't go, don't leave me." Anton checks on her, feels her forehead and calls the doctor.

After the examination, the doctor concludes that Andrea has a fever and that she has to take a special medicine to get rid of the infection that is causing it. The doctor explains that he cannot give Andrea antibiotics because it could harm the baby. Anton does not know anything about a baby and the doctor states that Andrea is, in fact, pregnant, but she has an ectopic pregnancy. If Andrea is not treated soon she could have a hemorrhage or severe internal bleeding. As Anton is infertile, the only explanation for her pregnancy is Daniel. As soon as the doctor leaves, Anton locks Andrea and himself in the bedroom and he starts to beat her. The maid and Monique overhear Anton and Andrea from the outside of the door and when they hear that Daniel got Andrea pregnant, Monique cries, heartbroken after hearing the news. She then runs to Daniel's house and tells him what she has just found out. Anton keeps on hitting Andrea despite the screaming and pleading for him to stop. Then she falls to the ground, and blood can be seen on her white dress. Anton stops just as Daniel kicks down the door and runs to Andrea's side. He carries her out of the house.

Daniel takes Andrea to the beach, where they talk. The two profess their undying love for each other and promise that they will live in each other's memories. After the promise is made, Andrea dies.

The movie is brought back to the grandfather from the beginning of the movie. His grandchildren ask if Andrea is still alive and he answers "Yes. She is still alive right here, in my heart." A montage shows Andrea and Daniel playing together on the beach. At the end it shows a clip of him on the sand, his hand held out, holding the same locket with Daniel and Andrea's picture in it. This implies that he is, in fact Daniel and that his last memory was of Andrea and himself, being together at last.

Cast
Richard Gutierrez as Daniel
Angel Locsin as Andrea
Rhian Ramos as Monique
TJ Trinidad as Anton
Ryan Eigenmann as Jason
Eugene Domingo as Yaya Delia
Melissa Mendez as Andrea's mother
Joel Torre as Gustin (Andrea's & Jason's father)
Raquel Villavicencio as Anton's mother
Ella Cruz as Young Andrea
Jodell Stasic as Young Daniel
Phytos Ramirez (credited as Phytos Kryiacou) as Young Jason

Awards

See also
 Wuthering Heights
 List of Wuthering Heights adaptations
 Hihintayin Kita sa Langit
 Walang Hanggan (2012 TV series)

References

External links

GMA Pictures films
Regal Entertainment films
2007 films
2000s Tagalog-language films
Films based on Wuthering Heights
Philippine romance films
Films directed by Mike Tuviera
2000s English-language films

The Promise (2007 film)


Cylvia Lynne Hayes (née Johnson, born August 10, 1967) is an American consultant who was the de facto First Lady of Oregon as the fiancée of former Governor John Kitzhaber.

Hayes was an unsuccessful candidate for the Oregon House of Representatives in 2002, running against state representative Ben Westlund. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

In October 2014, the Willamette Week and The Oregonian began to focus on an apparent conflict of interest between Hayes' business interests and her relationship to the governor. The Oregonian then requested messages from Hayes' personal email accounts relating to state business. On her personal blog in October 2015, Hayes stated that she had turned over "every email" requested by federal investigators and accused The Oregonian of using her emails to make false allegations and print misinformation. Shortly before announcing his resignation in February 2015, Kitzhaber made the announcement that Hayes would no longer be connected to the governorship in any way and would have no political or policy role during his fourth term.

Early life and education
Cylvia Johnson was born in August 1967 in Seattle. Her father, Orville Johnson, was the brother of her mother's first husband. The family lived near Carnation in King County, Washington and Hayes has described the home as a dilapidated shack with no running water or electricity. At sixteen, Hayes moved out, stating, "alcoholism and mental illness took a real toll on my parents." As a teenager and young adult, Hayes worked a variety of jobs including apple picking, catching fryer chickens, training horses, heavy equipment operation, dental assistant, plastic surgery assistant, and working for the King County public works department.

She graduated from Evergreen State College in Olympia, Washington, with a bachelor's degree in 1994, and with a master's degree in 1997.

Hayes' late teens and early twenties have been described as a difficult period in her life. In 1997, Hayes entered into a green card marriage with an Ethiopian immigrant that ended in 2002.  In a statement in October 2014, Hayes admitted the "serious mistake" of this previously undisclosed arrangement. Hayes married for $5,000.

While in a relationship from 1997 to 1998, Hayes and her then boyfriend placed a down payment on a property in Okanogan, Washington. In a statement in 2014 covered by Portland television station KOIN 6 News, Hayes said that the couple planned to use the property for a marijuana grow operation that never materialized. Hayes left the relationship in April 1998 and moved to central Oregon in July of that year.

Professional career
Hayes moved to Bend, Oregon, from Washington in summer 1998 and began a career in clean energy and sustainable economic development. That year Hayes founded 3EStrategies, a Bend-based clean-economy consulting firm that grew out of the nonprofit organization she launched two years before, called Earth Connections. As CEO of 3EStrategies, Hayes helped launched the Building Green Council, which is now a component of the Central Oregon Builders Association. The council was started to make it easier for people to build energy- and resource-efficient homes and commercial buildings, and bring together developers interested in promoting and learning more about green construction. Hayes published and edited the Green + Solar Building Oregon magazine from 2004 to 2009, created with contributions from writers and photographers throughout the state. She served as a member and co-chair of the Oregon Renewable Energy Working Group (REWG), which developed the state Renewable Energy Standard, Renewable Fuels Standard, and other clean energy policies. Since 2012, Hayes has also worked as a professional writer, contributing to online news sources including The Huffington Post  and Grist. In 2015 Hayes launched an independent blog which included a public statement about her appearances in the media that year, and in 2016 she joined Bend-based Issue Magazine as a staff journalist.

Political career
Four years after she moved to Bend, Oregon, Hayes ran for the Oregon House of Representatives in District 53 against Ben Westlund, the Republican incumbent, as a Democrat. She launched her campaign to win the Democratic nomination as a write-in candidate after what she described as a "filing deadline error" kept her from being listed on the ballot. She changed her party registration from independent to Democratic in February 2002, shortly before announcing her candidacy, and she originally considered seeking a nomination from a minor party, such as the Pacific Green Party. Hayes lost to Westlund in the November election, with 30.5% of the vote. Hayes met then-outgoing Governor John Kitzhaber during the campaign.

First Lady of Oregon

Hayes campaigned alongside Kitzhaber when he ran again for governor in 2010. After Kitzhaber was elected and sworn in, Hayes assumed many of the roles and responsibilities of First Lady. Willamette Week described her in 2014 as playing a "central role" in the Kitzhaber administration, and she was described as a policy adviser to the governor on clean energy and economic development issues, fields where she had nonprofit and consulting experience prior to becoming first lady.

During her time as first lady, Hayes worked on the Prosperity Initiative that aimed to reduce income inequality in Oregon. In the 2011 legislative session, she supported the centerpiece of Kitzhaber's economic agenda, Cool Schools energy retrofit program, and also lobbied the Legislature on poverty issues. In the same year, Hayes was named to a seven-member team charged with writing Kitzhaber's ten-year energy plan, touted by the administration as a path toward Oregon's energy independence. Hayes frequently delivered speeches on clean economy during her time as First Lady, such as the 2013 commencement address to Oregon State University. According to Willamette Week she did not draw a state salary and like the partners of other elected officials continued her private consulting work during her time in the governor's office.

Kitzhaber announced on January 30, 2015, that Hayes would not play a role in his administration during his fourth term. Hayes' "First Lady" website was taken down four days later. On February 13, 2015, Kitzhaber announced his intention to resign as governor effective February 18, 2015.

Influence-peddling scandal
In 2014, Hayes was the subject of a series of articles and media coverage that weakened Kitzhaber's reelection campaign and the governor's office. On October 8, a month before the gubernatorial election in 2014, Willamette Week reported on Hayes's previously undisclosed "green card marriage" from 1997 to 2002. A few days later, Portland television station KOIN reported on Hayes' role over a decade prior in purchasing property for a planned grow operation in Washington, also in 1997. In a statement to the news station on October 13, Hayes admitted to and apologized for her role in the planned operation. According to Hayes, she went along with the property purchase while in a relationship with an abusive boyfriend, whom she left soon after.

Hayes and Kitzhaber also faced questions over her alleged use of her position as first lady and relationship to the governor to boost the profile of her consulting business. In October 2014, Willamette Week raised questions about the potential conflict of interest regarding Hayes' role as First Lady and her consulting work for 3EStrategies. In November the Oregon Government Ethics Commission rejected a request made by Kitzhaber to look into her records. On January 27, 2015, the Portland Tribune reported Hayes was paid $118,000 for communications work with the Clean Economy Development Center at the same time she was listed as an adviser to Kitzhaber on renewable energy. The newspaper suggested the dual roles could be considered a conflict of interest. The Oregonian raised similar questions in a report a few days later.

In December 2014, The Oregonian requested emails from Hayes' personal email accounts related to state business. When Hayes responded that she held no formal government position and had no government authority, The Oregonian petitioned Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum on January 29, 2015, for the release of the emails. In an article on February 4, 2015, Willamette Week (whose publisher and co-owner Richard Meeker is married to Rosenblum, which the paper acknowledged) commented on the lack of investigation and Rosenblum's self-proclaimed reluctance to comment on the case. A week later, on February 12, 2015, Rosenblum concluded that Hayes had earned public-official status and ordered the release of emails to The Oregonian.

On February 25, 2015, Hayes filed a lawsuit against The Oregonian, claiming Fifth Amendment rights against the release of the emails and citing Rosenblum's order that Hayes had asked for a state email but was ineligible without employee status. On April 3, 2015, under federal subpoena, Governor Kate Brown's office publicly released 94,000 emails between Hayes and official email accounts of staff members in Kitzhaber's office.

In 2017, after 28 months of investigation, the federal government announced that it had dropped its investigation into allegations that Cylvia Hayes and her fiancé, Governor John Kitzhaber, had used their positions for personal gain. No criminal charges were filed.

On January 18, 2019, Hayes agreed to pay Oregon Government Ethics Commission fines of "$44,000 for ethics violations arising from her use of public office for personal profit." Kitzhaber had also agreed, in January, to pay $20,000 in civil penalties to the commission for conflicts of interest regarding Hayes while he was governor.

Personal life
Hayes' current surname is from her two-year marriage to her first husband Todd Hayes. Hayes has been married three times. Her first was to Todd Hayes from 1984 to 1986; her second was to Doug McCarthy, which ended in 1996; and her third was to Abraham B. Abraham using the name Cynthia Lynne Hayes on the marriage certificate.  Hayes filed a divorce from Abram in October 2001.

Hayes participates in running, weight training, and racquetball, and was a 2006 state champion racquetball player.

Hayes is currently engaged to Oregon former governor John Kitzhaber, who is 20 years her senior and with whom she became romantically involved after her 2002 House campaign. When Kitzhaber was elected governor of Oregon in 2010, Hayes, as his live-in girlfriend, assumed the role of the state's first lady. The couple announced their engagement in August 2014. Hayes owns a home in Bend, Oregon, while also sharing Kitzhaber's home in Portland.

References

1967 births
Living people
American consultants
American women in business
First ladies and gentlemen of Oregon
Oregon Democrats
People from Bend, Oregon
People from Seattle
Evergreen State College alumni
People from Portland, Oregon
People from Carnation, Washington
21st-century American women

Cylvia Hayes


Alan Dudley Ward  (11 June 1935 – 12 December 2014) was a New Zealand historian, particularly known for his research into customary land tenure by Māori in New Zealand.

Biography
Born in Gisborne, New Zealand in 1935, Ward was raised in rural Poverty Bay. Initially intending to be a school teacher, Ward attended Victoria University College and Auckland Teachers' College, but he was drawn to the subject of history and graduated Master of Arts with first-class honours from Victoria in 1958. His thesis was entitled The history of the East Coast Maori Trust.

Ward then spent a short period teaching, a year training for the Anglican priesthood, 10 months working in the New Zealand Department of External Affairs, and a time working on the wharves. In 1962 he began doctoral studies at the Australian National University (ANU) on the topic of Anglican missionaries in the Solomon Islands, but he did not settle and subsequently returned to New Zealand where he taught at Mount Roskill Grammar School in Auckland. However, he returned to ANU in 1965, completing a PhD under J.W. Davidson in 1967. His thesis, entitled Towards one New Zealand: the government and the Maori people, 1861–93, became the book A show of justice: racial 'amalgamation' in nineteenth century New Zealand, which has been described as an "extraordinarily influential" piece of work.

In 1967 Ward was appointed as a lecturer at La Trobe University in Melbourne, and taught there until 1987, rising to the rank of reader. During this time he also lectured in history at the University of Papua New Guinea in 1971, was a consultant to a commission of inquiry into land matters in Papua New Guinea in 1973, and from 1981 to 1982 was Director of Rural Lands in Vanuatu. From 1987 to 1996, Ward was professor of history at the University of Newcastle. He was subsequently awarded the title of professor emeritus. For 18 years from 1987 he was a contract historian to the Waitangi Tribunal.

Ward died in Newcastle in 2014.

Honours
In the 2009 New Year Honours, Ward was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to New Zealand history. Also in 2009 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Victoria University of Wellington.

Selected works

References

1935 births
2014 deaths
People from Gisborne, New Zealand
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Australian National University alumni
Academic staff of La Trobe University
Academic staff of the University of Papua New Guinea
Academic staff of the University of Newcastle (Australia)
20th-century New Zealand historians
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand expatriates in Australia

Alan Ward (historian)


The American Cocker Spaniel is a  breed of dog. It is one of many Spaniel breeds. In the United States, the breed is usually called the Cocker Spaniel. In other parts of the world, it is called the American Cocker Spaniel. This is because there is a Cocker Spaniel called  English Cocker Spaniel. They are clever, loving and happy dogs.

The breed
The breed is the smallest of the sporting or hunting dogs. Also, there are some differences between it and its English relative. It is a happy and intelligent working breed. Because of having been bred to meet show dog qualities, it is no longer an ideal working dog. These Spaniels now have many health problems with their hearts, eyes and ears.

The American Cocker has a medium long silky coat of fur. It has an upturned nose, either black or brown. It has long, silky ears that hang down. The eyes are large, dark in color and round.  Fur colors can be black, tan, cream, dark red, buff, roan and sometimes merle.

Behavior

This dog breed is nicknamed the "Merry Cocker". It is a friendly dog and not shy.

It is smart as a hunting dog. IQ tests given in the 1950s and 1960s showed the American Cocker did best of all dogs tested on hunting skills. But, they did not do as well on other skills. These showed they were slower in uncovering a dish of food or pulling on a string.  The American Cocker Spaniel is in 20th place in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs. This means this dog is excellent in "Working or Obedience Intelligence" and in being trained.

If they are played with and loved as puppies, American Cockers can get along with people, children, other dogs and other pets. This breed has a tail that wags most of the time. It likes best to be around people.  It is not meant to be left alone in a backyard. Cockers can get stressed by loud noises and by being treated roughly or fussed at.

Because they have now been bred to have a long coat, they can no longer be active enough to hunt or be exercised outside.

Bibliography
 Coile, D. Caroline (2006). The Cocker Spaniel Handbook. Barron's Educational Series Inc.
 Coren, Stanley (2006). The Intelligence of Dogs. Pocket Books.
 Palika, Liz (2009). Cocker Spaniel: Your Happy Healthy Pet. John Wiley & Sons.
 Walker, Joan Hustace (2010). Barron's Dog Bibles: Cocker Spaniel. Barron's Educational Series Inc.

References

Other websites

 American Spaniel Club
 Animal Planet: American Cocker Spaniel: Is this the breed for you?

 American Cocker Spaniel France
Spaniels
FCI breeds
Dog breeds originating in the United States

American Cocker Spaniel


Sir Stephen Gerald Howard (7 June 1896 – 25 June 1973) was a British farmer, barrister and judge who was an active National Liberal and later Conservative Party politician. He had a junior role on the prosecution team in several celebrated trials in the immediate post-war era.

First World War

Howard was the son of Stephen Goodwin Howard, who was Liberal Party Member of Parliament for Sudbury between 1918 and 1922. He was sent to Harrow School, but interrupted his education in 1916  to join the Royal Flying Corps. He became a Flight Lieutenant in the Royal Air Force on its formation in 1918. Later that year he left the RAF to go Balliol College, Oxford where he studied law.

Criminal law barrister
Following his father's political affiliations, Howard was a candidate at the 1922 general election for Eye in Suffolk as a National Liberal with Conservative Party support.

In 1924, Howard was called to the Bar by Lincoln's Inn. He became a criminal law barrister, generally appearing as a junior for the prosecution; he also remained very attached to East Anglia where he farmed on the family estate. While appearing not to have any personal interest in the way the case turned out, he was a skillful advocate and appeared in many high-profile cases.

In November 1936, he was appointed to be third junior counsel for the crown (a crown prosecutor) at the Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court). In December 1942 he was elected a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn.

Prominent trials
Howard was appointed Recorder of Bury St Edmunds (a part-time judicial post) in 1943. He was adopted as Conservative Party candidate for Cambridgeshire in November 1944, but unexpectedly lost the seat in the 1945 general election by 44 votes. Earlier that year, Howard had prosecuted in the "Cleft chin murder trial". Howard was High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire for the year 1945 to 1946, and became a senior Prosecuting Counsel at the end of the year. He was also Recorder of Ipswich from 1947 and Chairman of Quarter Sessions for Cambridgeshire from 1947.

The period between 1945 and 1950 saw Howard's most prominent cases. The week after the election he prosecuted John Amery for treason, and he was also third prosecution counsel at the trial of William Joyce ('Lord Haw Haw') with Attorney General Sir Hartley Shawcross and Sir Lawrence Byrne. He prosecuted other treason trials arising out of the war. He was on the prosecution team for Thomas Ley and Lawrence Smith (the "Chalkpit murder") in 1947, and in 1949 he took part in the trial of John George Haigh, the "Acid Bath murderer".

Parliamentary career
At the 1950 general election, Howard was elected for Cambridgeshire, regaining the seat from Labour. He was made a King's Counsel on election and remained in practice as a prosecutor. In Parliament he remained loyal to the Conservative whip, and in 1952 successfully defended The Times against a charge arising out of advertisements issued during the 1951 general election criticising nationalisation. In 1952 he became Chairman of Quarter Sessions for East and West Suffolk and in 1958 he was made Recorder of Southend.

Judgeship
In January 1961, Howard's name headed a list of new Judges of the High Court of Justice, on the Queen's Bench Division, which vacated his seat in Parliament. He received a knighthood with the appointment, as was traditional. Howard was on the Judicial Bench for ten years before retiring.

References
M. Stenton and S. Lees, "Who's Who of British MPs" Vol. IV (Harvester Press, 1981)
"Who Was Who", A & C Black
Obituary, The Times, 27 June 1973

External links

1896 births
1973 deaths
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Air Force officers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
20th-century English judges
High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Queen's Bench Division judges
20th-century King's Counsel
English King's Counsel
Knights Bachelor
National Liberal Party (UK, 1922) politicians
Members of Lincoln's Inn
People educated at Harrow School

Gerald Howard


Sign-language media are media based on a media system for sign languages. Interfaces in sign-language media are built on the complex grammar structure of sign languages. Generally media are built for oral languages or written languages, and are often not compatible with sign languages.

Sign-language media have specific characteristics:
 Sound is absent, or on very low frequencies (bass).
 No, or very little, text is used.
 A specific camera frame for close-ups.

Milestones
 Analog era:
 Film - Sign-language media is born. The first sign-language film is created in 1902.
 Video - Sign-language magazines on video are distributed.
 Digital era:
 Digital video and software - Sign-language interfaces are created to browse content.
 World Wide Web - Information in sign language becomes available for everyone.
 The videophone and webcam - Sign-language telecommunication becomes possible.
 Mobile videotelephony - UMTS provides support for sign-language telecommunications.
 Vlogs - Sign-language newssites start booming with the protest against Jane Fernandes.
 Production of sign-language videos using computer-generated avatars instead of images of a real person.
 Sign-language videos in various form of signs are being produced using a real sign-language interpreters

External links
 Reflecting on Sign Language Media
 Signfuse Sign Language Media
 Joey Baer's ASL Vlog
 Sign Language Film list
 Sign Language Media in Film/TV
 Média'pi! : press media

References

Media
Deafness
Deaf culture
Mass media by language
Disability mass media

Sign-language media


Re Therrien, [2001] 2 S.C.R. 3, 2001 SCC 35, is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on judicial independence.

Background
In the 1970s, Richard Therrien was convicted of assisting four members of the Front de libération du Québec during the October Crisis. Once he was released he studied law and was eventually given a pardon. Years later he applied for a position on the Quebec bench as a judge. As part of his application he disclosed his criminal record and his pardon. He was rejected based on this history. Later he applied again, this time he did not reveal his criminal history and was accepted. Once the committee discovered the existence of a criminal history they got the Minister of Justice to issue a complaint to the Quebec Conseil de la magistrature. The Conseil found the complaint to be justified and recommended that he be removed from the bench.

Therrien applied to have the decision of the Conseil to be judicially reviewed and challenged the constitutionality of the removal process under the Courts of Justice Act. The Minister of Justice applied to have Therrien's applications dismissed. The Quebec Court of Appeal dismissed Therrien's application for review.

Opinion of the Court
Justice Gonthier, writing for a unanimous Court, dismissed Therrien's appeal.

Gonthier dismissed the first argument by Therrien that the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction over the matter. Section 95 of the Courts of Justice Act clearly granted the right to the courts to review the decisions of the inquiry panel.

Gonthier considered whether section 95 of the Courts of Justice Act, which established the requirements to remove a judge, violated the constitutional principle of judicial independence guaranteed under the preamble of the Constitution Act, 1867. He found that judicial independence did not extend so far as to require that any removal of a judge must involve an address to the legislature and so section 95 was constitutional.

See also
 Valente v R
 Beauregard v Canada
 Mackeigan v Hickman
 R v Généreux
 Provincial Judges Reference
 Provincial Court Judges' Assn of New Brunswick v New Brunswick (Minister of Justice)

External links

 case summary at mapleleafweb.com

Canadian constitutional case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
October Crisis
2001 in Canadian case law

Re Therrien


Appalshop is a media, arts, and education center located in Whitesburg, Kentucky, in the heart of the southern Appalachian region of the United States.

History
Appalshop was founded in 1969 as the Appalachian Film Workshop, a project of the United States government's War on Poverty. The organization was one of ten Community Film Workshops started by a partnership between the federal Office of Economic Opportunity and the American Film Institute.  In 1974 they incorporated into a nonprofit company, under the name Appalshop, and established itself as a hub of filmmaking in Appalachia, and since that time has produced more than one hundred films, covering such subjects as coal mining, the environment, traditional culture, and the economy.  The name was officially changed to reflect changing business structure and goals.

Appalshop also produces theater, music, bluegrass recordings (released on its June Appal Recordings label), as well as photography, multimedia, and books.

Since 1985, Appalshop has also operated WMMT-FM (Mountain Community Radio), a radio station located in Whitesburg, Kentucky which serves much of central Appalachia (including portions of eastern Kentucky, southwest Virginia, and western West Virginia) with music and programming relevant to the region and its culture.  WMMT also broadcasts live on the web.

During the 2022 floods in Eastern Kentucky, Appalshop and its archives were heavily damaged by water, sediment, and humidity. The center has since been working to recover its archives, with help from Iron Mountain. As of August 2023, the organization has managed to recover 13,500 items, including rare performances and interviews, an interview with leaders of the Eastern band of Cherokee, and materials relating to Black Appalachians. Some items, especially audiovisual resources, are being digitized into an expanded online library. However, employees estimate that about 15 to 20 percent of the archives have been lost forever. The amount of cultural . The damage to the building was extensive enough that a new building in Jenkins, which sits above the floodplain, had to be purchased. The organization plans to renovate the new building to meet their needs, while also respecting its history as a hospital and home. During the interim, the organization retrofitted an RV to serve as a mobile radio station.

Mission
As stated on its website, Appalshop's goals are:

To document, disseminate, and revitalize the lasting traditions and contemporary creativity of Appalachia;
To tell stories the commercial cultural industries don't tell, challenging stereotypes with Appalachian voices and visions;
To support communities' efforts to achieve justice and equity and solve their own problems in their own ways;
To celebrate cultural diversity as a positive social value; and
To participate in regional, national, and global dialogue toward these ends.

Related grants and funding

Appalshop funding
Appalshop relies on multiple funding sources, including endowments, individual donors, and public and private grants.  In 2017 Appalshop reported that its funding comprised 10% from endowment, 5% from individual donors, 32% from public grants, 45% from private grants and 8% from other sources.

Grants

National Endowment for Humanities
National Endowment for Humanities Grants have awarded multiple grants to Appalshop.  These include $100,000 to improve the public programming initiatives and access to their collections.  The National Endowment of the Humanities stated that the grant would be an ideal for this region because of thousands coal related layoffs in the region.

ArtPlace America Grant
In July 2015 Appalshop was awarded $450,000 by ArtPlace America, which provided funding for increasing arts and technology training.  The money also helped to diversify Letcher County's economy.

Economic Development Administration and Appalachian Regional Commission Grants
These grants were awarded to the Southeast Kentucky High Tech Workforce Project that was started by Appalshop.  The totaled amount of money awarded was $275,000. Economic Development Administration awarded $200,000 and Appalachian Regional Commission awarded $75,000.  The grants will help develop a certificate program at Southeast Kentucky Community & Technical College campuses in Letcher that will focuses on information technology and media production.

Awards
In 1990 Appalshop documentary producer Anne Lewis won the Alfred I. du Pont Award for Broadcast Journalism (Columbia University)

See also
June Appal Recordings
WMMT (FM)

References

Bibliography

 Appalachian Film Workshop/Appalshop Films collection, 1969–Present - Kentucky Digital Library
 Hoffman, Carl (1996) "The Voice of the Mountains" in Appalachia Magazine a publication of the Appalachian Regional Commission
 Ruby, Jay (1991) "Speaking For, Speaking About, Speaking With, or Speaking Alongside- An Anthropological and Documentary Dilemma" in Visual Anthropology Review Fall 1991 Volume 7 Number 2

External links
Appalshop official site
WMMT official site
Article about Appalshop at 40 years old
Article about the founding of Appalshop by Bill Richardson
Appalshop in the American Archive of Public Broadcasting

Appalachian culture in Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Letcher County, Kentucky
Arts centers in Kentucky
Education in Letcher County, Kentucky
Tourist attractions in Letcher County, Kentucky
Non-profit organizations based in Kentucky
1969 establishments in Kentucky
Whitesburg, Kentucky

Appalshop


Howard G. (Peter) Sloane (born December, 1950) is an American philanthropist and the Chairman and CEO of The Heckscher Foundation for Children, a New York-based private foundation established in 1921 by German-born industrialist, financier, and philanthropist August Heckscher.
In 1997, Sloane took over the affairs of the Heckscher Foundation when its assets consisted largely of encumbered real estate which limited its ability to make meaningful gifts. He restructured and developed the Foundation into a significant funder of innovative education, job training, recreation, and the arts programs with assets of over $300 million. Under Sloane's leadership, the modern day Foundation underwrites projects with potential for catalytic impact when combined with public funds or other donors, and operates its own strategic philanthropy programs to promote the welfare of children and youth in New York City.

Early life

Sloane was born in California and grew up in New York. He attended the University of Glasgow in 1970-1971, completed his undergraduate degree at Ohio Wesleyan University in 1972 and graduated from Suffolk University Law School in 1976 after a year spent at NYU Law School.

He is the maternal grandson of Arthur and Ruth (Shear) Smadbeck, who, as fellow philanthropists and friends of August Heckscher, ran the Heckscher Foundation after the Great Depression of the 1930s, which resulted in the deterioration of the Foundation's assets to the point of near collapse. Arthur Smadbeck was a real estate developer who was a president of the New York Coliseum, which was built from 1954 to 1956 by the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority under city planner Robert Moses, who was a friend of Smadbeck. The complex was demolished in 2000 to make way for the Time Warner Center. Smadbeck and his brother Warren were known as "The Henry Fords of Real Estate"  because of their style of making vacation land and home ownership possible for the average person, and for their ownership of Havana, Cuba hotel properties during the Fulgencio Batista era, including the Hotel Presidente. The Smadbeck brothers were participants in development of Putnam Lake, New York, Fire Island Pines, New York and Lake Caramel, New York.

Sloane drew early philanthropic inspiration from Ruth Smadbeck who began as a volunteer in the 1930s and ran the Heckscher Foundation for over 50 years, managing its programs of dance, orchestra, exercise, swimming, the purchase and distribution of necessities for indigent children, a kindergarten, a theater, a craft room, a senior lounge, a photography group, a library, and a thrift shop. The Communications and Learning Center at Marymount Manhattan College is named for Ruth Smadbeck  which conferred an honorary degree on her in 1983.
In 1971, Sloane worked at the Shaker Mountain School, one of the first alternative schools which was founded by Jerry Mintz,  a well-known voice in the alternative school movement and Editor-in-Chief for The Handbook of Alternative Education and the Almanac of Education Choices.

Innovations in education and philanthropy

Sloane was a founding Trustee of several pioneering New York-based non profits dedicated to education, including: Take the Field Inc. In 2000, Sloane, Anthony Kiser of The William and Mary Greve Foundation, and Richard Kahan, founder of The Urban Assembly and former President and CEO of the New York State Urban Development Corporation, conceived of and founded Take the Field, a nonprofit organization that in four years rebuilt 43 public school outdoor athletic facilities in all five boroughs at a cost of more than $132 million. The John Dewey High School athletic facilities were renovated as part of this project and are named for the Heckscher Foundation.

Sloane served as Trustee and member of the Executive Committee of Leadership for a Diverse America, an organization committed to nurturing the leadership potential of exceptional students from diverse backgrounds by increasing admission of underrepresented youth to the country's leading colleges and universities; a founding Director  of the Sisulu Victory Academy from its formation as an alternative public school in Upper Manhattan, which was the first public school in New York to be accredited as a "Charter School"; Trustee of the Maria I. New Children's Hormone Foundation, which is dedicated to researching and finding cures for children's hereditary diseases.

In 2008, Sloane and Elizabeth Mason, co-founder of Single Stop USA, a program launched by the Robin Hood Foundation to connect the working poor in New York with government funds and services intended for them, designed the first Single Stop USA/Community College Initiative to expand opportunities for youth to earn college degrees by connecting them to the government funds and services for which they are eligible. A model program was implemented at Kingsborough Community College to help low-income, high-need students draw down untapped benefits such as food stamps, health care, child care and tax credits – because access to basic resources increases the likelihood that a young person will be able to stay in college and obtain a degree, leading to higher earning potential.  The program cut in half the drop-out rate at Kingsborough.  SingleStop is now operational at community college sites in seven states and has system-wide partnerships with several of the nation's largest community college systems – the City University of New York, Miami Dade College and the City College of San Francisco.

In 2008-2009 Sloane taught a weekly course on Practical Law to inner city 9th grade students at a public high school using a curriculum he developed that is designed to demystify the law by allowing young people to better understand and thereby develop a more positive attitude toward the law.  The program has been adopted by associates at the law firm where Sloane is a partner, and is taught at Urban Assembly Schools around the five boroughs of New York City.
For several years, Sloane led the development of the Harvard College Parents Fund, for which he received the Albert H. Gordon '23 Award.

In 2023 Sloane announced that the Heckscher Foundation awarded $7.6 million to 20 grantees as a part of a new initiative: the Heckscher Foundation Challenge. The grantees are partnering with dozens of employers across New York State to train young adults from underserved communities with a goal of placing them in more than 1,100 full-time jobs.

Publications
Sloane, Peter (2023-07-19)  "Real jobs for eager young people: The Heckscher Foundation Challenge to help college grads get their start". New York Daily News

Personal life

Sloane is the nephew of the late Justine Priestly (Smadbeck), who was the only white reporter and columnist for the largest African American newspaper, The New York Amsterdam News, writing throughout the Civil Rights Movement under the byline of Gertrude Wilson. In her column, White on White, Priestly wrote about the 1960s from her perspective as a white Park Avenue mother. She recounted the events she covered in her memoirs, You Can't Get There From Here and Dispatches of the 1960s From a White Writer in a Black World.

Sloane's uncle Louis Smadbeck was a philanthropist and real estate executive in Manhattan in whose name the Real Estate Board of New York annually awards the Louis Smadbeck Broker Recognition Award.

Sloane is married to Jaar-mel Sevin, a New York City real estate executive. They live in Manhattan and have three children.

Legal career

Sloane is a retired partner at Cahill Gordon & Reindel which he joined in 1977 after clerking for the Honorable Thomas C. Platt on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York.

From 2004 until his retirement, he served as co-chair of the firm's pro bono committee. As pro bono partner, Sloane established a partnership with the Legal Aid Society of New York. Sloane's law practice was focused in litigation. He litigated cases focused on open space and historic preservation.  He represented the Municipal Art Society in its fight to preserve from the wrecking ball St Bartholemew's Church, for which he was honored by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and The Church of Saint Paul and Saint Andrew.

References

External links
 The Heckscher Foundation for Children Website

1950 births
Living people
American chief executives
American philanthropists
New York (state) lawyers
Ohio Wesleyan University alumni
Suffolk University Law School alumni
People associated with Cahill Gordon & Reindel

Howard Sloane


Tjerk Vermaning (1929, Staphorst, Overijssel – 1986, Assen) was a Dutch amateur archaeologist who is now mostly remembered for the court case and media frenzy that followed the assessment of professional archaeologists that he had forged certain of his prehistoric archaeological 'finds'.

Before the forgery came out Tjerk Vermaning was a well-respected collector who in 1966 received the Cultural Prize of Drenthe for his contributions to furthering the understanding of the prehistoric heritage of the province. On 18 March 1975, however, he was arrested on a forgery charge. The accusations were made by the province of Drenthe, based on the findings of archeologists professor Tjalling Waterbolk and his associate Dick Stapert of the University of Groningen. An arduous court case followed, in which several well-known Dutch and European professional archaeologists (including German archaeologist ) supported the accusations. Several amateur archaeologists, on the other hand, were convinced of Vermaning's innocence and mounted their own campaign to get him acquitted. Vermaning was initially found guilty of fraud and was sentenced to one month in prison in 1977, but he appealed the verdict. In 1978 Vermaning was acquitted on appeal because it had not been proven, in the eyes of the judge, that he had himself forged the artefacts in question.

Despite Vermaning's acquittal, consensus among professional archaeologists was and is that the artefacts are not authentic. Vermaning felt that as a result of the court case his integrity had been shattered, and he remained bitter about the affair and resentful toward academic archaeology for the rest of his life. For years or even decades the Vermaning affair strained the relations between Dutch amateur and professional archaeologists, especially in the northern region where Vermaning had been active.

Publications
  , 2018. De zaak Vermaning. Over een markant amateurarcheoloog in Drenthe. Assen, Drents Museum, 2018.
 , 1982. A middle Palaeolithic artefact scatter, and a few younger finds from near Mander NW of Ootmarsum (Province of Overijssel, the Netherlands). Palaeohistoria, 24: 29–31.
 J.D. van der Waals & H.T. Waterbolk: 'The middle palaeolithic finds from Hogersmilde'. In: Palaeohistoria. XV, 1973, p. 35-120
The history about tjerk vermaning 2023:

1929 births
1987 deaths
Amateur archaeologists
People from Staphorst
Dutch archaeologists
Archaeological forgery
20th-century Dutch archaeologists

Tjerk Vermaning