Jeffrey A. Gettleman (born 1971) is an American Pulitzer prize-winning journalist. Since 2018, he has been the South Asia bureau chief of The New York Times based in New Delhi.  From 2006-July 2017, he was East Africa bureau chief for The Times.

Background

Personal life
Jeffrey was born in 1971, the son of Robert William Gettleman (b. 1943), a judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, and Joyce R. Gettleman, a psychotherapist with a private practice in Evanston. Gettleman's sister Lynn Gettleman Chehab is a physician.

Gettleman is married to Courtenay Morris, a former assistant public defender who is now a web producer for the Times. The couple first met while both were attending Cornell University. The wedding was held on October 29, 2005 at their home in Hoboken, New Jersey, with Gettleman's father officiating at the ceremony.

Education
Gettleman graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1989, and Cornell University in 1994 with a B.A. in Philosophy. Initially, he did not know what he wanted to do after graduation, so took a leave of absence to back pack around the world which he says help set his life trajectory. However, when a professor suggested journalism as a profession, he scoffed at the idea, saying "That was the dumbest idea I had heard... who wants to work for a boring newspaper?". Beginning in 1994, he was a communications officer for the Save the Children organization in Addis Ababa.

After his graduation from Cornell, Gettleman received a Marshall Scholarship to attend Oxford University, where he received a master's degree in Philosophy in June 1996. While at Oxford, he was the first American editor of Cherwell, the university's student newspaper.

Career
Gettleman began his journalism career as a city hall and police reporter for the St. Petersburg Times from 1997 to 1998. In 1999, he transferred to the Los Angeles Times as a general assignment reporter. He became bureau chief in Atlanta two years later, and was also a war correspondent for the broadsheet in Afghanistan and the Middle East.

In 2002, Gettleman joined The New York Times as a domestic correspondent in Atlanta, where he later became the bureau chief. He reported from Iraq beginning in 2003, where he did a total of five tours. After a stint as a reporter for the paper's Metro desk in 2004, he became a foreign correspondent in July 2006 for the Nairobi-based East Africa bureau of The New York Times. Only a month later, he would be named chief.

Currently, Gettleman covers over ten countries, often under difficult circumstances. He has focused the majority of his work on events in Congo, Kenya and Tanzania in East-Central Africa, where he has reported on atrocities involving rape, mutilation as well as ritualized murders of albinos, among other issues. His often straightforward, non-cynical approach toward such difficult stories has been colloquially dubbed the "Gettleman method" by Jack Shafer.

Gettleman has also covered conflicts in Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt and Yemen. In the 2004 spring, he along with photographer Lynsey Addario were abducted for several hours by militants in Fallujah. According to Gettleman, the pair were eventually released because he had successfully posed as Greek and concealed his passport in Addario's trousers, where he had guessed his captors would not search.

In addition, Gettleman has served as a commentator on CNN, BBC, PBS, NPR and ABC.

In 2017, Gettlemen published his memoir, Love, Africa: A Memoir of Romance, War, and Survival.

Awards
 First place for general reporting by Florida Press Club (1997)
 First place for spot news by Tampa Bay Society of Professional Journalists (1997 and 1998)
 Los Angeles Times Editorial Award for Breaking News (2001)
 Overseas Press Club Award (2003)
 Overseas Press Club Award (2008)
 George Polk Award for International Reporting (2011)
 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting (2012)

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Cornell University alumni
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
American male journalists
Los Angeles Times people
The New York Times writers
Marshall Scholars
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting winners
Writers from Evanston, Illinois
George Polk Award recipients

Jeffrey Gettleman


Euchre or eucre () is a trick-taking card game commonly played in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand, and the Midwestern United States. It is played with a deck of 24, 28, or 32 standard playing cards. There are normally four players, two on each team, although there are variations for two to nine players.

Euchre emerged in the United States in the early 19th century. There are several theories regarding its origin, but the most likely is that it is derived from an old Alsatian game called Jucker or Juckerspiel. Euchre was responsible for introducing the joker into the modern deck of cards, first appearing in Euchre packs in the 1850s.

Euchre has a large number of variants and has been described as "an excellent social game."

Origins and popularity

Eucre is briefly mentioned as early as 1810, being played in a gaming house alongside all fours, loo, cribbage, and whist. In 1829, uker was being played with bowers on a steamboat in the American Midwest. However, the earliest rules do not appear until 1844.

The mode of play and terminology of Euchre have resulted in several theories which suggest that it has an origin in Spanish Trionfo, French Ecarté or Triomphe, or Alsatian Jucker. An early American theory was that Euchre was brought into the United States by the German settlers of Pennsylvania, and from that region it was disseminated throughout the nation. The 1864 edition of The American Hoyle disputes its alleged German heritage, tracing the game's origin to Pennsylvania itself in the 1820s. It goes on to surmise that a "rich German farmer's daughter" had visited Philadelphia and carried home a confused memory of Écarté, which then developed into Euchre.

Yet another theory is that Euchre may have been introduced to America by immigrants from the counties of Cornwall or Devon in southwest England, where it remains a hugely popular game. Euchre was introduced into Devon in turn by French prisoners of The Napoleonic Wars, imprisoned in Dartmoor Prison between 1805 and 1816. American prisoners were also housed there after the War of 1812.

Card game historian David Parlett believes that Euchre is derived from an eighteenth-century Alsatian card game named Jucker or Juckerspiel, pronounced "yooker". Clues to a possible German origin are the names of the trump Jacks; bower is phonetically identical with the German word Bauer which normally means farmer, but also refers to the Jack in playing cards. Another word probably derived from German is "march", which is the literal translation of Marsch, itself an abbreviation of Durchmarsch and the German for a slam in many card games. Other words or phrases that reflect a German origin are: "maker" from Macher, short for Spielmacher i.e. "game maker", the person who determines the type of game to be played; "euchred" from gejuckert; "having a dog from every county" from aus jedem Dorf ein Köter i.e. "a mongrel from every village", a common expression in German card games; "cards away" from Karten weg or Kart' ab, an expression in games from the Palatinate/Saarland region for the same announcement, "bridge" possibly from Pritsche, a plank bed (hence place of safety).

The earliest known treatise is a lost book called Game of Euchre and Its Laws published in 1839 by an unknown author. However, the earliest surviving rules appeared in 1844, in which there is no Joker; instead 32 cards are used and the Right Bower, the trump Jack, is the "commanding card" with the Left Bower, the Jack of the same color, as the second-highest card. According to Parlett, the Joker was added to a 32-card pack in the 1850s specifically for the game of Euchre and is first mentioned in a set of rules in 1868 where it turns out to be a blank specimen card not intended for actual play. This gave rise to a variant called "Euchre with the Joker" in which the blank card ranked above all the rest. It must have been in use even earlier, however, since the term "Best Bower" appears in a satirical 1861 piece about the American Civil War. Later, the Joker was embellished with a motif and specifically intended for use as the top trump. It was later transferred to the game of Poker and initially called the Mistigris.

In the late 19th century, Euchre was regarded as the national card game of the United States. It has since declined in popularity, although it retains a strong following in regions such as the Midwest. Euchre has also been described as Canada's national card game. However, with the rise of 20th century games such as Contract Bridge and Spades, Euchre has declined in popularity, though it is still played as a social game in the Midwest, Ontario, Australia, New Zealand, and Great Britain, especially Cornwall.

Earliest rules (1844)
The earliest surviving rules were published in America by Thomas Mathews in his 1844 work, The Whist Player's Hand-book, in which a four-hand version of Euchre is described right at the end. The following is a summary:

Players and cards
Euchre is played by two to five persons, but most often by two or four. A 32-card French-suited Piquet pack is used and cards rank in the trump suit as follows: Right Bower (trump knave), Left Bower (knave of same color), A > K > Q > 10 > 8 > 7. The side suits rank in their natural order. Deal and play are clockwise.

Deal
The pack is shuffled and four cards distributed; the players with two higher cards become partners and play the other two. The dealer deals five cards each in packets of two and three and turns the next for trump.

Making trump
Eldest hand (to the left of the dealer) opens the auction and may either 'order it up' (= accept the turnup as trump) or 'turn it down' (= pass), in which case the next player in turn has the same options and so on. The team that order it up are the 'makers'. If all pass, the dealer does not exchange, and another round of bidding begins with eldest who may make trump of any other suit. If all pass again and dealer does not want to make trump, the cards are thrown in and the next dealer deals. If anyone orders up, the dealer picks up the upcard and discards a card in return. The dealer's partner may bid "assist" in which case the dealer takes up trump and they become the makers. A player confident of taking 5 tricks single-handed may say "cards away" to the partner and play alone against the opponents.

Play
Eldest leads to the first trick. Players must follow suit if able; otherwise may play any card. The highest trump takes the trick or the highest card of the led suit if no trumps were played. The trick winner leads to the next trick.

Winning
The makers must take at least 3 tricks to win and score 1 point; otherwise they are euchred, i.e. have lost and their opponents score 2 points. Winning all 5 tricks is a march which earns 2 points. Announcing "cards away" and winning all 5 tricks alone scores 4 points. Points are tallied using the unused Deuce and Trey cards, or counters. Game is 5 points.

Terminology
The following terms were used by Mathews. Many continue to be used today:

 Bridge. The leading team are "at the bridge" when 1 point from winning and the trailing team are 4 points away (and could win by going alone).
 Cards Away. Now called going alone. To play alone against the two defenders.
 Dutching. When the dealer has turned down the upcard, to entrump the suit of the same colour.
 Euchre. When the makers fail to take at least 3 tricks they are euchred.
 March. Taking all tricks, which scores 2 points.
 Order up. As a non-dealer, to accept the turnup as trump.
 Turn down. As dealer, after everyone else has passed, to reject the turnup.

British rules
In Britain, euchre is played in southwestern England, especially Cornwall, and Guernsey, as well as in coastal East Anglia. A key feature is that a joker, called the Benny, is the highest trump. The following is a summary of modern British rules by John McLeod, supplemented by other sources where indicated.

Players and cards
Euchre is a four-player game using a pack of 25 cards with a joker and four suits comprising AKQJ109. Card ranking is as per the 1844 rules with the exception that the top trump is the Benny or Best Bower represented by the joker or 2. Deal and play are clockwise.

Deal
The first dealer is chosen by any random method. The dealer shuffles and deals each player a packet of 2 or 3 cards in any order and then a second packet making the hands up to 5 cards. The next card is turned as a potential trump.

Making trump
The process of making trump is as follows:
 Eldest opens by passing or saying "I order it up" (or just "up")
 If eldest passes, dealer's partner may pass or say "I turn it down"
 If the first two pass, third hand may pass or order it up
 If the first three pass, the dealer may say "I take it up" and pick up the upcard, or pass by saying "over" and turning it face down.

As soon as someone makes trump (instead of passing) that player's team become the makers and their opponents are the defenders. Should either opponent order it up or the dealer take it up, the suit of the upcard becomes trump; the dealer picks it up and discards a card face down. Note that the dealer's partner cannot make trumps and play with the dealer, but can only pass or play alone by turning it down. If the upcard is the Benny, dealer must announce trumps before picking up own hand cards and dealer's team are the makers.

Going alone
Before the first trick any player may announce they are going "alone", whereupon the partner of the lone player puts their cards face down on the table and drops out of that hand. A maker and a defender may both go alone in which case it is one against one.

Play and scoring
Play and scoring are as in the 1844 rules, except that:
 If a maker is going alone, an active defender to the left of the loner leads; otherwise the remaining opponent leads
 If a defender plays alone and wins ≥ 3 tricks, the defenders score 4 points.
 Score is kept using a spare 5 and 6 card instead of a deuce and trey.
 Game is 11 points.

British terminology
 Bump. Knock the cards instead of cutting.
 Dockyard play. When dealer's opponents have good cards but do not order up in the hope of euchring the makers.
 Have an eye. Have at least 1 point.
 Playing policemen. See dockyard play.
 Shout. Bid. A player going alone makes a "lone shout".
 Sleeping hand. The cards left face down.
 Trump caller. Player who makes trump.
 Whitewashed. Beaten without scoring e.g. 11-0.

Rule variations
The following rule variations are recorded:
 Game may be any other agreed number of points e.g. 10 or 21.
 Dealer's partner may play with a partner by ordering up and is not forced to go alone.
 Instead of cutting, the cutter may tap or bump the cards.
 At the start of a session, cards are dealt around and the player who receives the first jack, deals first.
 Euchring a lone trump caller earns 4 points.
 The deal is a packet of 3 cards each first, then a packet of two.
 Dealer is always the first to "shout" i.e. open the bidding.

North American rules
Euchre is played slightly differently in North America and there are numerous variations. The following account is a summary of the typical rules for the four-hand game.

Players and cards
Four players play in two teams, the partners sitting opposite one another. A 24-card pack is used with cards ranking as before with a right bower and left bower as the top two cards of the trump suit. A pack of 32 cards (AKQJ10987) or 28 cards (no 7s) may also be used, but 24 cards is the standard.

Deal
Deal and play are clockwise. The face-down pack is spread on the table and players draw a card each; the players with the two lowest cards playing together against the others and the player with the lowest card dealing first. For this purpose only, suits are irrelevant, aces rank low and jacks rank immediately below the queens. The dealer then shuffles the pack and offers it to the right for cutting. Five cards are dealt in two rounds. In the first, the dealer may deal either 2 or 3 cards each, in turn and in clockwise order beginning with eldest hand. This is followed by a second round to bring each player's hand to 5 cards. Whichever system is used initially, it must not subsequently be changed. The remaining four cards, called the kitty, are placed face down in the center of the table and its top card flipped.

Making trump
Eldest hand opens the bidding by passing (saying "pass") or accepting the suit of the upcard as trump by saying "I order it up" (or "pick it up"). If eldest passes, second hand, the dealer's partner, may pass or accept by saying "I assist" (or "I'll help you". If second hand passes, third hand may pass or accept; if the first three pass, the dealer may accept the turnup by discarding a card (called "taking it up") or turn it down by placing the upcard, face up, half under the kitty (called "turning it down").

If the dealer acquires the top card (either by being ordered to pick it up or choosing to pick it up), it becomes part of the dealer's hand, but is left in place until played, and the dealer discards a card to the bottom of the kitty, face down. If no one orders up the top card and the dealer chooses not to take it up, each player is then given the opportunity, in turn, to pass again or call a different suit as trump. If no trump is selected, the hand is discarded and the deal passes to the left.

When trumps are chosen, the trump jack becomes the top card or right bower and the jack of the same color is the second-highest trump, known as the left bower. Example. Spades are trump. In this case, the trump cards rank as follows (highest first):
  (right bower),  (left bower), , , , ,

The  effectively becomes a spade during the playing of this hand. This expands the suit of spades to the seven cards above and reduces the suit of clubs by one card (its jack being seconded to the trump suit). Once the hand is over, the  ceases to be a spade and becomes a club again unless spades are again named as trump during a subsequent hand.

Going alone
A player who fixes the trump suit may announce "alone" and play without the aid of a partner. The partner's hand cards are laid face down and the partner takes no part in the game.

Play
Play is as before: eldest leads and players must follow suit if able, otherwise may play any card.

Scoring and winning

The first team to score the target number of points (5, 7 or 10) wins the game. In Columbus, the target is 10.

Scorekeeping markers

Scores can be kept by using two otherwise unused cards as markers, with each team often using cards of the same color.

Scoring begins using one card face up, covered by the other card face down. Upon winning points, the top card is moved to reveal the appropriate number of suit symbols on the bottom card. After all points are revealed on the lower card, the top card is flipped over, adding pips on both cards to indicate the score.

In Columbus, score is kept with a  and a .

A variation of scorekeeping in Western New York and Ontario involves each side using the  and  of one suit. Scoring starts with counting the symbols on the cards, for points 1 to 4; at 5, the cards are turned over and crossed. Crossing the cards indicates 5 points. Points 6 to 9 are counted similarly by counting the number of suit symbols showing and adding them to the 5 when the cards are crossed.

In Canada and Michigan, it is common for each team to use two s of the same color to keep score, with one team red and the other black. The s are usually referred to as "counting cards" in this situation.

Infringements

Table talk
Euchre does not require silence as in some other games; some table talk is acceptable. However, communicating with one's partner to influence the game is considered cheating. Unacceptable table talk may include code words, secret gestures, bidding out of turn or suggesting what the partner should play. Depending on the local rules, such infringements may incur a penalty.

Revoking
A player who does not follow suit when able has revoked. Sometimes this is called "reneging" but, strictly speaking, a renege refers to a situation in other card games when you may legally not follow suit when you can. If discovered, the opposing team is awarded two points or two points are deducted from the offending team.

North American terminology
Euchre terminology varies greatly from region to region and is highly colloquial. Some examples include:
 Ace, No-Face. Hand with an ace and four low cards (9s and 10s).
 Cut. Trump a led ace with the second card of the trick. (Indiana, Ohio).
 Dutchman's Point. Point won when holding both bowers and the trump ace.
 Euchre Bustle. Euchre tournament (used in northern Midwest of United States).
 Farmer's Hand. Weak hand consisting only of s and s). (Ohio). Sometimes called Poor Man's Hand, Bottom Hand or Grandma's Hand.
 In the Barn. A term used in the Midwest United States for having 9 points, being one away from winning. (Indiana, Ohio).
 Lay-Down. Hand that will win all five tricks if played in the correct order: for example, a Dutchman (both Bowers and the  of trumps) plus the  and  of that suit, any other two trump cards, or one more trump card and an off-trump  (when that player has the lead). Sometimes called a Lone Wolf or Loner, because the player will typically opt to go alone.
 Lay-Down Loner. Loner of unbeatable cards when the player has the first lead. (Indiana).
 Loner. Hand suitable for going alone. (Indiana).
 Loner Range. A score of between 6 and 9 points, because 4 or fewer points are needed to win. It can also be used to describe being 4 points away from the opposing team. For example, when it is 4–8, the trailing team is in loner range of the team in front.
 Next. Call to entrump the suit of the same color as the original turnup. (Indiana, Ohio).
 Set. Euchred. When the opposing team wins more tricks than the team who called the suit. (Indiana).
 Slough. Play a low value card. (Ohio).
 Sweep or March. Winning all tricks. (Indiana, Ohio).
 Throwing in. When the lead maker throws in the remaining hand cards once 3 tricks have been assured, but five tricks are unlikely, e.g. because 1 trick has already been won by the defenders, or is highly likely to be won by them, e.g. a right bower was ordered up but has not yet been played. The cards are thrown face up.
 Trump the Partner Refers to a situation where the last player plays the card that wins a trick that their partner would have otherwise won. It usually refers to a situation where the partner has an  that follows suit and the player plays a trump card but plays a higher trump or non-trump than the partner's qualifies.
 Walk. When a low card is led and takes the trick. (Indiana).

Rule variations

The following North American rule variations are recorded:
 Ace No Face. In Ace No Face the player must have one  and all s and s in their hand. The player then calls "ace no face" and exchanges three of their cards for the bottom three (must be called before the first card of the beginning trick has been led). Alternatively the player may call for a re-deal.
 Farmer's Hand. A player with a hand of s and s) may call "farmer's hand" (or equivalent – see above), show the cards and exchange three of them for the three cards in the kitty (also called "going under" or "under the table").
 First dealer. The pack is shuffled and dealt out; the first player to receive a jack deals first and, if desired, the second player with a jack is the partner.
 Deal. Cards are dealt in packets of twos and threes, but there is no requirement to follow a system.
 Defender going alone. If the trump maker goes alone, a defender may say "defend alone" before play begins.
 Kitty placement. Placed to the left of the dealer (not in the center), as a reminder of who is dealing next.
 Making trump rule. A player may not make trump with only a jack but must have another trump. Sometimes this only applies to the dealer. Infringement is often treated as a revoke.
 Point on partner. When a partner steals their own partner's deal successfully, in addition to retaining the deal, the team is also awarded one point.
 Robson rules. When a team wins all five tricks (normally or by going alone), they may choose to reduce the opposing team's score (by two or four, respectively) instead of adding to their own score. Additionally, if the dealer turns up a jack on the kitty, they may elect to go alone without seeing the rest of their hand. If all tricks are won via this "blind loner" hand, five points are awarded instead of the usual four; but a failure to win all tricks earns the defenders one point. This rule was named after four-time Northern Michigan regional tournament runner-up champion James Robson.
 Stick the Dealer. If trump is not called it must be called by the dealer. Used to speed up the game, as it eliminates throw-in hands.
 Upcard. The dealer picks the upcard up instead of leaving it on the table until played.

Variants

Euchre is a game with a large number of versions. They include versions for two to nine players, as well as changes in cards used, bidding, play, and scoring.

Bid Euchre

Bid Euchre, also known as Auction Euchre, Pepper, or Hasenpfeffer, is a group of North American variants. They introduce bidding in which the trump suit is decided by which player can bid to take the most tricks. There are variations in the number of cards dealt, the absence of any undealt cards, the bidding and scoring process, and the addition of a no trump declaration. It is typically a partnership game for four players.

Set-Back Euchre
Set-Back Euchre is recorded as early as 1843 in Arkansas, but its rules first appear in William Brisbane Dick's 1864 edition of The American Hoyle. The main difference is in the method of scoring. Although it can apply to games with 2, 3 or 4 players, in Dick's example, four players agree a pool of $1 and each antes 25¢. Players begin with a score of 5 points each and play for themselves aiming to be first to zero. The trump maker plays alone against three defenders. A player who fails to take a trick adds 1 point; anyone who is euchred adds 2 points and pays a stake of 25¢ to the pool. A player doubtful of taking any tricks may throw up the hand to save being set back. The first player to zero points wins the game and the pool. Dick describes variations including the option for any player to say "I declare" which is a bid to make a march and win the game and pool if successful. Failure, however, incurs a doubling of the point score and paying a stake. The march declarer leads to the first trick. Another variation was that, in the event of a euchre, the defenders deduct 2 points in addition to the maker adding 2.

Three-handed Euchre

A variant for three players, three-handed Euchre is played like 24-card Euchre, with the following changes:
 Players play alone, rather than in teams.
 Each player plays to ten points and keeps their own score (using s and s as markers)
 Seven cards are dealt to each player, leaving three in the kitty (the top card is turned up).
 The person who makes trump is the "maker". Both other players are "defenders", but compete with each other for tricks.
 If the maker takes four tricks, they receive one point. If the maker takes six tricks, they receive two points. Taking all seven tricks gives the maker four points.
 If the maker does not take four tricks, they are euchred (set). The defender who took the most tricks will then receive two points. If both defenders took an equal number of tricks, they each receive one point.

Ace no face: a player dealt a hand that contains any number of aces but no face cards, may lay this hand on the table and call "ace no face". This is considered a misdeal, and all the cards are gathered and re-dealt.

Regional variations
In Australia and New Zealand, playing to 11 points (as in England) rather than 10 points (as in America) is common. In Ontario, parts of New Zealand, Britain and Australia, after the dealer turns up the top card on the kitty if the first player to the left passes and the dealer's partner would like to order up the dealer, the dealer's partner must play alone, whereas common practice in North America allows the dealer's partner to "assist" and thus play in partnership with the dealer as the maker.

In Canada the standard rules are followed except that the dealer's partner, on ordering a card up, must go it alone.

See also
Euchre variants - other forms of Euchre
Euchre variations - minor changes to standard Euchre
Glossary of card game terms

Footnotes

References

Bibliography
Books

 Bumppo, Natty (1999). The Columbus Book of Euchre. Brownsville, KY: Borf.

 Kansil, Joli Quentin (2001). Bicycle Official Rules of Card Games. Cincinnati: USPCC.

 Keller, John William (1887). The Game of Euchre. NY: F.A. Stokes

 Parlett, David (1991). A History of Card Games. Oxford: OUP.
 Parlett, David (1992). A Dictionary of Card Games. Oxford: OUP.
 Parlett, David (2007). "The Origins of Euchre" in The Playing-Card, Vol. 35, No. 4 (April–June 2007), pp. 255–261.
 Porter, Ian (2010). "Classifying Non-standard Playing Cards" in The Playing-Card, Vol. 38, No. 3 (Jan–Mar 2010). pp. 203–208.

 Piomingo [John Robinson] (1810). The Savage. Philadelphia: Thomas S. Manning
Websites

External links

Historical rulesets
History at parlettgames.uk
 The Law and Practice of the Game of Euchre - Philadelphia, 1862

Current rulesets
Euchre at pagat.com.
Rules at bicyclecards.com
Rules at Ohio Euchre.Com
CCA Euchre Rules at ccasports.com
Rules of the Chicago Sport & Social Club.

19th-century card games

Four-player card games
Year of introduction missing
Canadian card games

Euchre


Roches Noires is a village located in the Rivière du Rempart district of Mauritius, on the east coast. It is located about  east of the capital of Port Louis. It has an estimated population of 5,733 inhabitants.

Roches Noires is a residential area, with many of the bungalows and villas occupied as secondary residences.

This part of the coast located near the village consists of several secluded coves of white sand beach. In several places around Roches Noires, the reef comes to within 50 meters of the shore.

Popular attractions include the "La Cave Madame" in the Royal Road, the public beach, and the "Pointe de Roches Noires", also known as "La mer Milles".

Rivière du Rempart District

Roches Noires, Mauritius


Hélène Louvart (born 1964) is a French cinematographer. She graduated in 1985 from the prestigious École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière in Paris. She is a member of French Society of Cinematographers (AFC), the French equivalent of American Society of Cinematographers. She has worked with many French and international directors, such as Wim Wenders, Agnès Varda, Claire Denis, Christophe Honoré, Jacques Doillon, Nicolas Klotz, Sandrine Veysset, Marc Recha, Alice Rohrwacher, and Léos Carax.

Life and career
École nationale supérieure Louis-Lumière graduates, who are actively sought by film producers, consistently rank in the top echelon of French cinema professionals. In keeping with this College's reputation for producing masters of their craft, Hélène Louvart's first hire on a feature film came immediately after graduation with the post of cinematographer in 1986. In only 22 years since that time Helene has served as cinematographer on more than 59 feature films, 49 short feature films and documentaries (less than 60 minutes), 10 television projects and a few experimental and video projects. She has also directed 4 short films.

In 2008, Louvart was cinematographer on Petit indi, which was an official selection at the 2009 BFI London Film Festival. Louvart's work on the film, which was shot entirely on 35 mm 35mm, was nominated in the Best Cinematography (Millor Fotografia) category for the 2010 Gaudí Awards. Known in Catalan as Premis Gaudí, the Gaudi Awards are Catalonia's main national film awards, established in 2009 by Acadèmia del Cinema Català (Catalan Academy of Cinema).

As Director of Photography on the 3D documentary film Pina, about the late dance choreographer Pina Bausch, Hélène Louvart worked with renowned German director Wim Wenders, who also wrote the screenplay. Hailed internationally as the "best use of 3D technology since Avatar", Pina premiered out of competition at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival and went on to gather numerous international accolades and major awards and nominations. Pina was selected as the German entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards and was nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for Best Documentary Feature. The film was also awarded Best Documentary by the European Film Awards, the German Film Awards, and the German Film Critics Association Awards.

For her extensive body of work and artistic excellence, Hélène Louvart received TheWIFTS Foundation 2012 Cinematographer Award.

Selected filmography
 Printemps perdu ? by Alain Mazard (1990)
 Will It Snow for Christmas? by Sandrine Veysset (1996)
 Je ne vois pas ce que l'on me trouve by Christian Vincent (1996)
 De l'autre côté de la mer by Dominique Cabrera (1998)
 Martha-Martha by Sandrine Veysset (1998)
 Nadia and the Hippos by Dominique Cabrera (1999)
 Pau and His Brother by Marc Recha (2001)
 The Milk of Human Kindness by Dominique Cabrera (2001)
 Where Is Madame Catherine? by Marc Recha (2003)
 Raja by Jacques Doillon (2003)
 Histoire d'un secret by Marianna Otero (2003)
 La blessure by Nicolas Klotz (2004)
 In the battlefields by Danielle Arbid (2004)
 Folle embellie by Dominique Cabrera (2004)
 A Piece of Sky by Bénédicte Liénard (2002)
 Ma mère by Christophe Honoré (2004)
 The Last Day by Rodolphe Marconi (2004)
 Quatre étoiles by Christian Vincent (2006)
 Dies d'agost by Marc Recha (2006)
 Les enfants by Christian Vincent (2005)
 Le premier venu by Jacques Doillon (2005)
 The Beaches of Agnès by Agnès Varda (2007)
 Salamandra by Pablo Agüero (2007)
 Petit Indi by Marc Recha (2007)
  by  (2009)
 Bye bye Blondie by Virginie Despentes (2009)
 Corpo celeste by Alice Rohrwacher (2011)
 Pina by Wim Wenders (2011)
 When I Saw You by Annemarie Jacir (2012)
 Atomic Age by Helena Klotz (2012)
 Spectrographies by SMITH_(artist) (2013)
 Apaches by Thierry de Peretti (2013)
 Good bye Morocco by Nadir Moknèche (2013)
 Xenia by Panos H. Koutras (2014)
 The Smell of Us by Larry Clark (2014)
 The Wonders by Alice Rohrwacher (2014)
 Histoire d'une mère by Sandrine Veysset (2015)
 Arianna by Carlo Lavagna (2015)
 A Perfect Day to Fly by Marc Recha (2015)
 Peur de rien by Danielle Arbid (2015)
 Dark Night by Tim Sutton (2015)
 Beach Rats by Eliza Hittman (2017)
 Happy as Lazzaro by Alice Rohrwacher (2018)
 Petra by Jaime Rosales (2018)
 Rocks by Sarah Gavron (2019)
 Never Rarely Sometimes Always by Eliza Hittman (2020)
 The Lost Daughter by Maggie Gyllenhaal (2021)
 Wild Flowers by Jaime Rosales (2022)
 Nezouh by Soudade Kaadan (2022)
 Disco Boy by Giacomo Abbruzzese (2023)
 Firebrand by Karim Aïnouz (2023)

Awards

 Cinematographer Award 2012, Fondation WIFTS (Women's International Film & Television Showcase)
 Gaudí Awards : Best Cinematography 2010 for "C'est ici que je vis (Petit Indi)", Marc Recha
 Marburger Kamerapreis 2018
 Robby Müller Award 2023
 Silver Bear for Outstanding Artistic Contribution (Cinematography), Berlinale 2023

References

External links

 Personal website

French cinematographers
Living people
French women cinematographers
1964 births

Hélène Louvart


ABS-CBN Sports and Action (stylized as ABS-CBN Sports+Action or simply S+A or S and A), was a free-to-air television network based in Quezon City. It was owned by ABS-CBN Corporation with some of its programs produced and licensed by ABS-CBN Sports. In Metro Manila, Sports + Action broadcast terrestrially and through DTT through DWAC-TV (UHF channel 23), the frequency once used by the defunct national television network Studio 23 until its closure on January 16, 2014, with most of its UHF affiliate stations in the provinces owned by AMCARA Broadcasting Network. It began its operations on January 18, 2014, yet it did not become the company's sole channel for sports until the shutdown of subscription-based counterpart Balls by the end of 2015. Its simulcast high-definition channel was exclusively available on Sky Cable, Destiny Cable and Sky Direct since 2016, while its international feed (carried with the same channel name) carried worldwide through The Filipino Channel. Sports + Action's programming is composed primarily of sports coverage such as MPBL, ABL, UAAP, NCAA, Pinoy Pride fights, BVR, PVL and ONE Championship. The program line up of Sports + Action included other sports-related programming, news coverages and blocktimers. S+A broadcast Mondays to Saturdays from 5:00 am to 1:00 am and Sundays from 4:00 am to 1:00 am.

On May 5, 2020, the station's broadcasting activities, together with that of its sister television and radio stations ABS-CBN, DZMM, and MOR Philippines, were signed off the air at 7:52 pm following the cease-and-desist order (CDO) issued by the National Telecommunications Commission due to the expiration of ABS-CBN's legislative license to operate. S+A continued to air internationally through The Filipino Channel until December 2.

On January 5, 2022, its former UHF frequencies (channel 23 and 43) were assigned by the NTC to Aliw Broadcasting Corporation (for channel 23) and Swara Sug Media Corporation (for channel 43).

History
According to ABS-CBN Narrowcast Head March Ventosa, the division started developing the concept of a sports channel of free television for a year. Also with its launching, the management decided to drop the strong Studio 23 branding for it is well associated with entertainment programs of which the former channel only carries 30 percent of sports related / male-dominant content.

Launching
The channel was officially launched in Glorietta 3, Ayala Center, Makati on January 16, 2014. The event was attended by several well known Filipino athletes including Marlon Stockinger, Donnie Nietes, the Philippines national football team, Jeron Teng, and some ABS-CBN executives and personalities. The event also provided a glimpse of its program lineup which includes sports coverage of UAAP, Top Rank and Pinoy Pride boxing bouts, and the Philippines national football team matches.

A test broadcast was done a day prior to its official launching on January 18, 2014.

The network's newest Station ID featuring the dedication and spirit of the Filipino athletes was launched during It's Showtime in 2014. The song "Ito ang Ating Sandali", composed and performed by former Rivermaya vocalist Rico Blanco was used for the station identification.

International feed
ABS-CBN Sports+Action was launched internationally in June 2015 via TFC, as the replacement of the BRO channel, the channel broadcast several sports coverages, programs which also aired on Channel 23 and carry-up shows including leisure, comedy and action-packed movies.

High-definition channel
On January 1, 2016, the channel launched its own high-definition feed (formerly known as Balls HD) on Sky Cable and Destiny Cable. Its program line-up included HD sports coverages of the UAAP, NCAA, Pinoy Pride, US Open, UEFA and FIVB matches. Unlike ABS-CBN HD, which was a HD simulcast feed from ABS-CBN, ABS-CBN Sports+Action HD initially was a separate channel from S+A which aired exclusive live events and other programs.

In April 2017, S+A HD converted into a HD feed simulcast channel of S+A Channel 23, similar to ABS-CBN HD.

2016 relaunch
On August 29, 2016, in time with the National Heroes Day celebration, S+A debuted its new logo and station ID campaign entitled "Sumasaludo sa Pusong Palaban ng Lahing Pilipino" or "Salute to the Defiant Heart of Filipino Generation", in line with the network's continuous advocacy on promoting sports development and supporting the Filipino athletes and sporting teams that made pride and glory to the Filipino sporting community and its values and hardwork. The song "Tibay", performed by singer/songwriter Quest, was used in the station ID, which featured athletes from the sports coverages covered by ABS-CBN Sports+Action, such as UAAP, NCAA, boxing and MMA events.

Beginning August 2018, S+A began to broadcast 24 hours of sports coverage a day similar to the national ABS-CBN, in which however, only for selected sports programs that aired on early mornings.

2020 franchise renewal issue

On May 5, 2020, the National Telecommunications Commission issued a cease and desist order against ABS-CBN Corporation, forcing all of its television stations, including S+A, to stop their operations immediately due to the expiration of its legislative franchise. But some S+A programs were moved through its cable and satellite channel Liga as ad interim.

TV Patrol's special episode dedicated to the cease-and-desist order of ABS-CBN's free TV and radio stations was the final show to be aired on S+A before the network signed off indefinitely.

S+A Global closure
After five years, S+A Global ceased its broadcast operations internationally through The Filipino Channel on December 2, 2020, due to implementation of a retrenchment program covering its business company from August 7, following the House of Representatives' 70–11 vote denying the company a fresh congressional franchise on July 10 and the dissolution of ABS-CBN Sports to close its business effective August 31, 2020.

Programming

According to Sports Interactive Network, S+A's programming line-up comprised by 70 percent of its contents will be about sports, with the remaining of it covering Filipino action films, news updates, and other entertainment, informative & religious programs such as blocktimers. Several programming of the now-defunct Balls channel (which ended transmission on December 31, 2015) were absorbed by S+A. However, all movie blocks, news updates and other action-related programs including US drama series were phased out in April 2017 in favor of additional sports coverages.

See also
 ABS-CBN Corporation
 ABS-CBN Sports
 ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs
 AMCARA Broadcasting Network
 Liga
 One Sports

References

ABS-CBN Sports and Action
Defunct television networks in the Philippines
Sports television networks in the Philippines
Television channels and stations established in 2014
Filipino-language television stations
2014 establishments in the Philippines
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2020
2020 disestablishments in the Philippines
ABS-CBN Corporation channels

ABS-CBN Sports and Action


Veronica Cale is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as a recurring adversary of the superhero Wonder Woman. A genius pharmaceutical tycoon and ruthless criminal mastermind, she was created by comic book writer Greg Rucka and first appeared in 2003's Wonder Woman (volume 2) #196. Cale is depicted as a brilliant scientist, as well as a brilliant capitalist, who uses the vastness of her intelligence and wealth for both philanthropy and personal gain. She has been consistently written as a character motivated by an envious resentment for Wonder Woman, whom she believes undeserving of esteem as a paragon of feminism.

Publication history
Veronica Cale first appeared in Wonder Woman (vol 2) #196 (November 2003) and was created by Greg Rucka and Drew Johnson. Rucka stated his intent was to create a "Lex Luthor for Diana". She deeply resents Wonder Woman, whom she believes does not deserve society's high esteem as a paragon of feminism. Underpinning this acrimony is a deep-seated envy of her enemy's power and stature; Cale wishes in vain that she too could be a "Wonder Woman".

After the DC Comics' 2016 continuity-reboot known as Rebirth, Veronica Cale has featured prominently in the reformulated origins of several of Wonder Woman's foes, including the Silver Swan and Doctor Cyber. Her plots against Wonder Woman have also brought her into league (and conflict) with several other members of the hero's rogues gallery, such as the Cheetah, Circe, Doctor Psycho, and Deimos and Phobos. She maintains an ongoing association with Colonel Marina Maru, the post-Rebirth Doctor Poison, who serves as one of her chief criminal operatives.

Fictional character biography
Dr. Veronica Cale is a founding partner (with her friend Leslie Anderson) in Cale-Anderson Pharmaceuticals. Having grown up in poverty-ridden Dallas. Her mother encouraged her to read and towards education before dying of cancer. Veronica decided to confront her father, now a wealthy man living in Houston. He was coerced out of a sizable amount of money, but his marriage, career and reputation were not tarnished.

Veronica used the money to enter Harvard University at the age of sixteen. When she was 21, she had three PhDs in medical sciences. Three years later, she made the foundation of her fortune. Having worked hard to get to this position, she resents Wonder Woman for finding acceptance in Man's World so easily—much like Lex Luthor's resentment of Superman's status in Metropolis—and finds her message of peace simplistic, reasoning that it is easy to preach an end to conflict if you are a superstrong demi-goddess. When Diana writes Reflections, a study of Amazon philosophy, Cale uses selected quotations from the book to spin the media against her.

When the book's most outspoken critic loses a debate, she arranges to have him killed at a demonstration, making it look like the book's proponents are responsible. She also uses Doctor Psycho to inflame both crowds.

Cale is subsequently bound, gagged, and locked in a closet by Psycho, who impersonates her for a brief period, before she is rescued by Wonder Woman. This does not change her opinion of the superheroine, but does have an influence on Dr. Anderson which Cale finds worrying.

She is later coerced by Circe and the gorgon Medusa into aiding in their vendetta against Wonder Woman and applying for legal guardianship of Circe's daughter Lyta as a way of removing Lyta from the Amazon island of Themyscira. The process is stopped midway through once Ares kidnaps Lyta from the island, leaving Circe to abandon her scheme with Cale.

This story plot was to have a larger part in the Wonder Woman comic, but was dropped due to the Infinite Crisis storyline. Cale's reaction to the media furor surrounding Wonder Woman's killing of Maxwell Lord and its consequences have not been recorded.

Cale also played a role in the creation of the third Silver Swan, Vanessa Kapatelis, by buying her from Sebastian Ballesteros, the then-current Cheetah, and turning her into a cyborg to fight Wonder Woman (although Anderson was then hired to "cure" Kapatelis by extracting the cybernetic components).

52
Cale resurfaces in Week 26 of 52 as one of the abducted scientists on Oolong Island (and the only female among the group) and suffers a breakdown after unleashing the Four Horsemen upon the Black Marvel family. When Black Adam starts his worldwide crusade for vengeance, her conflicting feelings cause her to seduce the mentally unstable Will Magnus. When Black Adam actually arrives on the shores of Oolong Island, she attempts to take the blame for it, walking out to confront the maddened Adam. She is subsequently entirely ignored.

According to author notes in the fourth volume of the collected 52 editions, Cale was supposed to originally die at this point, casually slain by Black Adam. Further discussion changed her fate - subsequently, Cale leads the remaining mad scientists to form an independent collective. Their first problem is the return of the Four Horsemen of Apokolips. Cale ingests a semi-organic containment unit and uses it to absorb the Horsemen's essences. She is later seen undergoing an operation to remove the unit.

She is later seen in the pages of Doom Patrol, being assisted by I.Q.

DC Rebirth
Veronica Cale is reintroduced in the DC Rebirth universe as leader of the mysterious organization called Godwatch. In this timeline, Cale remains the radically successful corporation head who built her multi-million dollar business with her best friend Adrianna Anderson.

This time around, she was more than willing to ignore the exploits of one she disregarded as "that bubble-busted supermodel" whose edicts of peace through love Cale wrote off as a lie, thinking affection only made things worse instead of the other way around. Later on she finds the soul of her daughter Isadore had been stolen by Deimos and Phobos, twin sons of Ares. The Gods promise to restore her to normalcy only if Cale obtains knowledge of Themyscira's location. As part of the Rebirth reboot, Wonder Woman realizes she does not know the location of Themyscira; it was taken from her precisely to prevent minions of Ares from learning it to either free their master or kill him and take his station.

Cale spends several years attempting to manipulate Wonder Woman into remembering where to find it. In her first attempt, Adrianna Anderson; her best and closest associate is killed, and Cale creates an artificial intelligence based on her brain patterns which renames itself Dr. Cyber. Cale is also indirectly responsible for Barbara Ann Minerva's cursed betrothal to the misogynistic plant deity; Urzkartaga. She provided the archaeologist with funding and encouragement for her expedition at the behest of her own cruel patrons while Cyber engineered localized catastrophes to prevent Wonder Woman from learning when her friend was in danger, needing the power of another deity's avatar to breach the barrier cordoning paradise from the rest of the world; thus giving birth to the Cheetah. Realizing that Ares's sons would not keep their end of the bargain, Cale struck a pact with the ancient witch Circe to bind the two and make them subservient to her, first tricking Wonder Woman into a false flag operation, so the enchantress could siphon enough power to cast said terror gods into the forms of two Doberman Pinschers. Unfortunately for Cale, Ares himself had taken her daughter's soul from them and Cale would still need to find him and free him to get her back.

It was at this point Cale created the group Godwatch, consisting of herself, Dr. Cyber, Cheetah and a PMC (Private Military Company) lead by Poison. After Wonder Woman frees Dr. Minerva from the Cheetah's curse, Cale has Sasha Bordeaux replaced with a bionic clone to procure the sealed form of Cheetah's lord and then forces her to become the Cheetah once more to save the lives of Steve Trevor, Etta Candy and Ferdinand the Kythotaur (as Ferdinand hails from Kythira, not Minos).

Ultimately, Cale and Wonder Woman locate Ares's prison and Deimos and Phobos are defeated, but Isadore could not return to the normal world with her soul intact due to Ares having freed her from his sons. The only way for her to remain whole was to go to Themyscira, which is mystically linked with Ares's prison. Heartbroken and bitter, Cale returns home knowing she will never see her daughter again and finds she is under FBI investigation for Godwatch's activities. A vengeful Cheetah then attacks Cale, but Wonder Woman intervenes. Dr. Cyber ensures the investigation yields no results and Wonder Woman confronts Cale asking her to help remove the Cheetah's curse, but Cale refuses.

Still nursing a grudge against the champion of the gods, Cale would secretly fund a menagerie of new supervillainesses coming out of the woodwork while remaining clean of their larceny. As her nemesis came to her in search of answers, Veronica simply replied that she enjoyed the joust, in spite of this Wonder Woman knew full well that these attacks across Washington were all a covert means of shoring lucrative defense contracts while also pursuing a personal vendetta against the Amazon. The latter connecting the ties said rogues have to the company mogul based on many of their facilities were supported by re-purposed/stolen xeno-technology provided by the amoral corporate executive.

Later on, as malefic gods from the Dark Multiverse would make their presence known across the planet, Cale would be contacted by the A.I. of her former friend Dr. Cyber about the disappearance of Barbara Minerva; the Cheetah. Veronica was somewhat surprised by the return of her digital contemporary after she did everything to keep her out of Cale-Anderson Pharmaceuticals mainframe, but was more intrigued by the prospect of having Cheetah back as a research subject after she nearly killed Veronica the last time they met. It was when the evil deities' presence could be felt by the more religious or supremacy-sensitive individuals in the world that Cheetah would escape her confinement by Cale's technical specialists, while seeking to destroy her would-be owner, but was saved by Wonder Woman at the last second just before Veronica could be thrown from her own office building.

After the cataclysm caused by the War God, Ares had enraptured the mythical plane, while Veronica found herself employing the Greek deity of vengeance Nemesis, using her both as an employee of Empire Industries and a new means of discrediting Wonder Woman by filing lawsuit for superpowers to be registered as typical citizens working 9 to 5 citizenship. It was not until later that the relationship between man and god was revealed to be inverse, that Nemesis was using Cale for her own ends, ends that Wonder Woman put to a close by embracing the vindictive scientist using empathy and not her fists. She realized that her adversary was acting out of fear and despair when realizing that Themyscira and the portion of the Sphere of the Gods which it gravitated around had vanished recently; Cale feared the worst as it meant that her daughter had disappeared alongside it. Diana reaffirmed her oath that no harm would come to Isadore while living amongst the Amazons by actively seeking out her homeland. Which, now that the mysticism barring her from return was no-more, allowed for mass transit too and from paradise again assuming it can be found. As good as to her word, and at risk of revealing her birthplace to her archenemy, Veronica was reunited with her beloved scion, albeit a bit surprised at how much she had grown since last she saw her.

The Rebirth version of Veronica Cale is a far more competent character than her pre-Flashpoint counterpart, manipulating Wonder Woman and her allies for years, finding ways of triumphing over gods and better at mixing business with criminal endeavor. She is also far more complex. While still holding Diana in contempt for much the same reasons as she did in prior continua, Cale was content to ignore her until Deimos and Phobos put Cale and Diana at odds. She hates the Olympians for the loss of her daughter and her best friend, blaming the Amazon for bringing her religious insanity into their lives, yet, by the same token, was truly heartbroken at the loss of her business partner and initially felt remorse for her role in Dr. Minerva's transformation into the Cheetah. Her progressive characterization would grow more callous and vindictive, using both her resources and intellect to further personal gain by arming potential adversaries to the demigoddess to secure even greater profit at her hated enemy's expense, both financially and in a misotheistic sense.

Powers and abilities
Veronica Cale is the average non-meta standard of a typical homo sapiens who does not engage in regular exercise. While not intellectually on par with the likes of Niles Caulder or Brainiac, Cale is an able-bodied scientist and historian who earned more than 3 PhD's in her youth while attending Harvard University. Even before proper schooling her mother had long realized Cale held a high intellect, one she broadened with various intellectual facilities that expanded her perspicuity horizons. Cale would eventually put such intellect to exceptional use by rediscovering the location of her deadbeat father after he had moved out of country, only to blackmail him for a generous sum to maintain her silence. Cale would then move onto specialize in various medical, synthesis, electronics and community sciences in the pursuit of founding her own company. Having created a couple of subsidiaries with which to bankroll her sizable fortune invested in selling software to Wayne Tech, showing credible business sense and sociology. Whilst having no formal combat training she is efficient with ballistics and firearms, Her company also profits from various defense contracts, indicating she is also apt at weapons design.

Other versions
In a pastiche of Golden Age stories printed as a back-up strip in Wonder Woman (vol. 2) #200, Cale is reinvented as a perfume manufacturer called Veronica Callow. When Wonder Woman refuses to promote her new perfume, Callow tries to discredit Wonder Woman by creating a robot duplicate named Superba who commits crimes.

In other media

Television
 Veronica Cale appears in the Wonder Woman pilot, portrayed by Elizabeth Hurley. She anticipates the privatization of the military and develops a super-soldier serum that she tested on children of minority groups and people abducted from third world countries, only to be thwarted by Wonder Woman and arrested by the authorities.
 Veronica Cale appears in Harley Quinn, voiced by Edi Patterson.

Film
Veronica Cale appears in Wonder Woman: Bloodlines, voiced by Constance Zimmer. This version is the head of Cale Pharmaceuticals; the secret mastermind behind Villainy Inc., who she sought to use to invade Themyscira and steal their technology for personal gain; and killer of Julia Kapatelis, which would lead to Villainy Inc. converting Julia's daughter Vanessa into Silver Swan.

Video games
Veronica Cale appears in DC Universe Online, voiced by Debra Cole.

See also
 List of Wonder Woman enemies

References

Wonder Woman characters
Characters created by Greg Rucka
DC Comics businesspeople
DC Comics female supervillains
DC Comics scientists
Fictional chemical engineers
Fictional female businesspeople
Fictional female engineers
Fictional female scientists
Comics characters introduced in 2003
Fictional Harvard University people
Fictional characters from Texas

Veronica Cale


"Hit the Road Jack" is a rhythm and blues song from the 1960s.

History
Percy Mayfield wrote and sang "Hit the Road, Jack" in 1960.

Ray Charles made the song famous. Ray Charles's song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in fall of 1961.

The song is ranked #377 on the Rolling Stone magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.

Lyrics
The chorus of the song is:
Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more, no more, no more, no more.
Hit the road, Jack, and don't you come back no more.

The words of this song are not standard English. In standard English, the words could be "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back again" or "Hit the road, Jack, and don't come back anymore"

In this context, "hit the road" is an idiom meaning "get lost," as the following words indicate.

Recording Details
For the most popular recording
 Title: "Hit the Road Jack"
 Artist: Single by Ray Charles
 B-side: "The Danger Zone"
 Released: September 1961
 Format: 7", 45rpm
 Genre: R&B
 Length: 2:00
 Label: ABC
 Writer(s): Percy Mayfield

1961 songs
R&B songs

Hit the Road, Jack


Andrew Gordon Cudworth  (16 March 1939 – 11 October 1982) was an English medical researcher who specialised in immunology and diabetes. He discovered the genetic basis of childhood diabetes and popularised the classification of diabetes into type 1 and type 2.

Biography
Andrew Cudworth was born in 1939 and graduated from the University of Liverpool School of Medicine in 1963. He joined the British Army as a medical officer after his graduation, serving for five years and earning the rank of major. He commenced physician training in Liverpool in 1971. He published his first paper, about immunology, in 1972; his second paper, published in 1972, was a case report on a patient with diabetes. His scientific interest in diabetes and immunology led him to discover soon afterwards that the more severe form of diabetes, which necessitated insulin and usually occurred in children, was linked to a specific genetic marker, and could be detected on a blood test.

Recognising the difference between juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes and mature-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, Cudworth began using the terminology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 1976. The classification of diabetes into type 1 and type 2 was first used by Philip Hugh-Jones in a 1955 paper, but the terminology was revived and popularised by Cudworth. This remains the common terminology to differentiate the two forms of diabetes mellitus. Previously, the classification of diabetes was based on the age of onset – either juvenile or mature – whereas Cudworth's classification system was based on genetics.

In 1977, Cudworth was appointed a consultant physician at St Bartholomew's and Hackney Hospitals in London, where he also lectured at St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College. He established the diabetic service at Hackney Hospital and collaborated with David J. Galton in the diabetic clinic at Barts. He became editor-in-chief of the international journal Diabetologia in 1980. He died in 1982 from a glioma.

References

1939 births
1982 deaths
Medical doctors from Liverpool
British diabetologists
English medical researchers
Academics of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
Alumni of the University of Liverpool

Andrew Cudworth


Macbeth is a 2006 Australian adaptation of William Shakespeare's Macbeth. It was directed by Geoffrey Wright and features an ensemble cast led by Sam Worthington in the title role. Macbeth, filmed in Melbourne and Victoria, was released in Australia on 21 September 2006.

Wright and Hill wrote the script, which—although it uses a modern-day Melbourne gangster setting—largely maintains the language of the original play.

Macbeth was selected to screen at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2006.

Plot
In a cemetery the Weird Sisters, three school girl witches, are destroying and defacing headstones and statues, while close by Lady Macbeth weeps beside a headstone marked "beloved son" and Macbeth stands by. The three witches plan to meet with Macbeth later, and leave the cemetery.

Macbeth leads Duncan's gang to a drug deal with Macdonwald and his men. In a gunfight between the gangs, all of Macdonwald's gang are killed. While chasing two gunmen, Banquo and Macbeth are led to the Cawdor Club. They seize the club and kill the owner.

Duncan hands the club over to Macbeth, and Macbeth and Banquo celebrate by drinking the club's alcohol and taking pills found on a table. During this drug trip Macbeth meets the three witches, who prophesy that he will soon be in Duncan's position with control over the gang. He tells his wife this, though she doubts he has it in him to take over Duncan's position. Later when she learns that Duncan will be dining and staying at their house, she plots with her husband to kill him.

Lady Macbeth drugs Duncan's bodyguards, and while they sleep Macbeth takes their knives and kills Duncan, framing the guards. Macduff comes to Inverness and finds Duncan murdered in his bed. Before the bodyguards can profess their innocence Macbeth shoots them. Malcolm, Duncan's son, immediately suspects Macbeth as having something to do with his father's death and flees.

After Macbeth is hailed as the new leader by most of Duncan's gang Macbeth sends two murderers to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance. The murderers kill Banquo, but Fleance escapes. Macbeth holds a celebratory dinner, and after learning that Banquo has been killed, sees a vision of Banquo's ghost at the dining table. Macbeth is becoming shaken by his desire for power. Lennox, Ross and others suspect Macbeth of killing Duncan and Banquo.

Macbeth finds the three witches in his house that evening and, after drinking a foul potion and engaging in an orgiastic sexual encounter with them, asks the witches of his future. He is told to fear Macduff, but no man "of woman born shall kill you". Later it is revealed that Macduff is not a natural birth, but a caesarean section, which is not "of woman born". He is also shown a vision of Fleance being hailed as gang leader. These prophecies enrage Macbeth, as does the witches' quick disappearance, and he has the murderers go to Macduff's home and brutally kill Lady Macduff and her son.

Lennox and Ross go to tell Macduff who has gone to his uncle Siward. Malcolm convinces him that Macbeth has gone much too far in his quest for power and must be stripped of his leader status.

Lady Macbeth has become more insane, re-imagining the evening of Duncan's killing and tries to wash off his blood from her hands. A doctor sedates her, and Macbeth appears indifferent to her instability. He prepares for the impending attack from Macduff, Lennox and Ross. Lady Macbeth commits suicide in a bath tub by slashing her wrists, enraging Macbeth. The two murderers, realising the unlikeliness of surviving the attack, swiftly flee Dunsinane leaving Macbeth with only Seyton, his main bodyguard, and two others. The murderers run into Macduff and his associates at the edge of Burnham Wood and are shot.

Malcolm leads his men to Dunsinane where they ambush the house and a gunfight ensues. Macbeth is chased to the cellar where he faces off with Macduff and is stabbed in the stomach. He stumbles upstairs to his bedroom, where the body of Lady Macbeth lies, and dies at her side. As Macduff leads Fleance, now the inherited gang leader, from the house Macbeth's "tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" speech is heard.

Cast
 Sam Worthington as Macbeth
 Victoria Hill as Lady Macbeth
 Lachy Hulme as Macduff
 Gary Sweet as Duncan
 Steve Bastoni as Banquo
 Mick Molloy as Murderer in Brown
 Matt Doran as Malcolm
 Bob Franklin as Siward
 Craig Stott as Fleance
 Terry Lim as the Chinese business man

Awards
 2006 Australian Film Institute Awards: Best Production Design (David McKay), Best Costume Design (Jane Johnston)

Nominations:
 2006 Australian Film Institute Awards: Best Cinematography (Will Gibson), Best Original Music Score (John Clifford White), Best Sound (Frank Lipson and John Wilkinson)

Box office
Macbeth grossed $232,994 at the box office in Australia.

See also
 Macbeth
 William Shakespeare
 Melbourne gangland killings
 Scotland, PA, another modern take on the play

References

External links

 Macbeth on Rotten Tomatoes
 Macbeth at the National Film and Sound Archive

 Macbeth Reference of Jesse Del Valle

2006 films
Australian drama films
2000s English-language films
Australian independent films
Films based on Macbeth
Modern adaptations of works by William Shakespeare
Films set in Melbourne
Gangster films
2006 drama films
2006 independent films

Macbeth (2006 film)


Abul Kashem Fazlul Huq (Abul Kashem Fozlul Hôk) (26 October 1873 – 27 April 1962), often called Sher-e-Bangla (Bengali: শেরে বাংলা Shere Bangla, from Urdu: Sher-e Banglā "Tiger of Bengal") was a well-known Bengali statesman in the first half of the 20th century. He held different political posts including General Secretary of the Indian National Congress (1918-1919), Education Minister (1924), the first Muslim Mayor of Calcutta (1935), Chief Minister of undivided Bengal (1937-1943) and East Pakistan (1954), Home Minister of Pakistan (1955-56), Governor of East Pakistan (1956-58), Food and Agriculture Minister of Pakistan (1958-61)

Death

Fazlul Huq died on Friday 27 April 1962 at 10:20 am. He was 89 years and 6 months old. His body was kept at his home in 27 K. M. Das Lane, Tikatuli until 10:30 am on 28 April. It was on a customized ice-bed. Then his Salat al-Janazah prayer was held at the Paltan Moydan. His funeral drew a crowd of over half a million. All educational institutions of Pakistan were declared closed on 30 April to pay tribute to him. All important officials of Pakistan attended his Janazah.

Related pages
Muslim League
Lahore Resolution

1873 births
1962 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Indian National Congress politicians
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Leaders of All India Muslim League

A.K. Fazlul Huq


Slothful induction, also called appeal to coincidence, is a fallacy in which an inductive argument is denied its proper conclusion, despite strong evidence for inference. An example of slothful induction might be that of a careless man who has had twelve accidents in the last six months and it is strongly evident that it was due to his negligence or rashness, yet keeps insisting that it is just a coincidence and not his fault. Its logical form is:
evidence suggests X results in Y, yet the person in question insists Y was caused by something else.

Its opposite fallacy (which perhaps occurs more often) is called correlation does not imply causation.

References

Inductive fallacies
Informal fallacies
Cognitive inertia

Slothful induction


Freitas is a village and a former civil parish in the municipality of Fafe, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Freitas e Vila Cova.

The civil parish has an area 6,24 km², with 745 inhabitants for a density of 119,4 people/km² (2001 census).

The first lord of the village, a contemporary of the first king of Portugal, around 1164, became known as João das Freitas, hence initiating the surname Freitas.

In an adjacent civil parish, Travassós, there is a second, smaller village named Freitas.
A small family's last name originates from this village with the last name:Freyta

References

Freguesias of Fafe
Former parishes of Portugal

Freitas (Portugal)


George Petrie (September 8, 1793 – May 8, 1879) was a U.S. Representative from New York.

Born at Little Falls, New York, Petrie attended the common schools, worked as a store clerk, and became a merchant, operating a store in partnership with his brother Richard.

He was active in the militia, serving as quartermaster of his regiment during the War of 1812.  He later attained the rank of major general as commander of the New York Militia's 1st Division of Riflemen.  He also served in local offices, including justice of the peace.

Petrie was elected as an Independent Democrat to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1849)

He was employed as a clerk in the Post Office Department in Washington, D.C., from January 1, 1869, until August 31, 1875, when he resigned.

He died at Little Falls, New York, on May 8, 1879. He was interred in Church Street Cemetery.

References

External links

1793 births
1879 deaths
Independent Democrat members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
New York (state) Democrats
New York (state) Independents
American militiamen in the War of 1812
American militia generals
Burials in New York (state)
19th-century American politicians

George Petrie (politician)


Closed for the Season is a 2010 supernatural thriller film written and directed by Jay Woelfel, starring Aimee Brooks, Damian Maffei, and Joe Unger.

Plot
The film tells the story of Kristy who, wakes up to find herself trapped beneath the ruins of a dilapidated wooden roller coaster inside an abandoned amusement park. She quickly finds herself being terrorized by the myths and urban legends that have become part of Chippewa Lake's 130-year history. While attempting to escape, Kristy runs into James, whose parents are the caretakers of the park.
James listens to Kristy and helps her investigate.  James discovers that he, too, is now trapped inside the park. Kristy and James encounter a mysterious carny in clown makeup, who once was responsible for operating the amusement park's roller coaster but who died many years previously.  He advises the couple that their only escape is to relive and survive all the life-threatening tales from the park's past and to ride the now-operational rides in the park one final time.

Production
The film was written and directed by Jay Woelfel, and produced by ShadowCast Pictures; Jay Ellison and Jon Wagner worked as executive producers. It was shot in Chippewa Lake, Ohio and Los Angeles, California. The film is based upon folklore surrounding an amusement park in Chippewa Lake, Ohio. Many of the film's scenes were shot on the site of the long-closed amusement park, using some of the derelict attractions as backgrounds.

Release
The film premiered on March 12, 2010 at the Monster-Mania 14 and is part of the Famous Monster Convention.

References

External links
 Official website

2010 films
2010 horror films
American supernatural horror films
Films set in Ohio
Films set in the United States
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Ohio
American ghost films
American supernatural thriller films
Horror films about clowns
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

Closed for the Season (film)


Dianne Claire Berry,  (born 1955) is British psychologist and academic. She is Professor of Psychology and Dean of Postgraduate Research Studies at the University of Reading, having previously served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research (2003-2010) and Dean of Social Sciences. She joined the University in 1990 as a lecturer, receiving a chair in 1997.

She was awarded a first class degree in Psychology at the University of Hertfordshire and a DPhil in Experimental Psychology at Oxford University, with the pioneering psychologist Donald Broadbent. Her primary research interests are in the area of risk communication, particularly in relation to health. She also has interests and expertise in human cognition, including memory, learning, attention and decision making. She has a large number of publications, including five books. Berry is an Academician of the Academy of Social Sciences and, in 2012, received an honorary fellowship of the British Psychological Society for an outstanding and sustained contribution to psychology.

Prior to her arrival at the University of Reading, she was a research fellow at the University of Oxford and Lecturer in Psychology at Balliol College, Oxford.  She also qualified and worked as a journalist for several years before beginning her academic career.

Berry is Chair of Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE)'s Research Excellence Framework 2021 Equality & Diversity Advisory Panel. In addition, she is Chair of Vitae's External Advisory Board.

Berry was appointed Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to scientific research in the 2012 New Year Honours list.

References

External links
About the Graduate School

1955 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Reading
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences

Dianne Berry


The RAF-977 was a Soviet cabover van made by Riga Autobus Factory (RAF) based on components from the GAZ-21 Volga. It was introduced in 1958 and was manufactured in two main styles: a 10-seater minibus and an ambulance. In 1961, an updated version called the RAF-977D was put into production; this had a one-piece windshield, instead of the split, and Volga steering wheel among its other detail changes. Variants included the 977I ambulance and a special Intourist model, which had better seats, roof lights, and sunroof.

The RAF-983, based on the 977, was a fire department vehicle.

The shortened RAF-978, powered by the Moskvitch 407's   engine, was not a success, in part because the engine lacked torque, and ride quality suffered due to the shortened wheelbase.

 In 1969, it was replaced by the improved RAF-977DM. This had a wider passenger door and fewer but longer side windows (three on driver's side and two on passenger's, rather than five and three before). The ambulance now had the same number of windows, rather than fewer; it was now the RAF-977IM, and the tourist variant was the RAF-977EM.

A one-ton cargo panel van, the RAF-977K, was also developed, but due to insufficient assembly capacity (only 3000 units a year) at the RAF plant (which still used trolleys, rather than a modern assembly line), its production started at the ErAZ factory in Yerevan, Armenia, 1 May 1966 as ErAZ-762. This was nicknamed Yeraz (Armenian for "dream"). By 1973, ErAZ's production reached 6,500 per year; with the innovation of overhead carriage, capacity almost doubled, to 12,000 a year. The 977 was also produced under licence by Lugansk Avto Remontnyi Zavod (LARZ).

In 1969, an improved ErAZ-762A also appeared.

Production of the RAF-977 ceased in 1975, when it was replaced by RAF-2203 Latvia.

The RAF-977 was never promoted for export nor made available except to state groups.

References

1950s cars
1960s cars
1970s cars
Riga Autobus Factory vehicles
Vans
Minibuses
Ambulances
Cab over vehicles
Buses of the Soviet Union
Motor vehicles manufactured in Latvia

RAF-977


The Belarusian Scout Association (ABS, , transliterated Ab'yadnannye Belaruskikh Skaǔtaǔ) is one of the nationwide Scouting organizations in Belarus. The association was founded in 1991 and liquidated in 2005 by the Supreme Court of Belarus, but still continues to operate. In 1995, the association served about 1,500 members.

History and program

The Belarusian Scout Association is an independent non-profit organization of children, youth and adults, descended from traditions of the World Scout Movement and from the Belarusian Scout troops and Belarusian Scout Association Abroad (BSAA; Аб`яднання Беларускiх Скаўтаў за мяжой, АБСМ), which existed from 1945 to 1951 in Germany.

The Belarusian Scout Association was founded in 1991 by a small group of people from various cities, based in Minsk, officially registered in April, 1992, and had approximately 1,500 members as of 1995. Groups existed in the capital, as well as Baranavichy, Buiki, Homyel, Hrodna, Rahačoŭ, Ruba, and Vileika. The chairperson in 1998 was Nikolai Grakov. Critics of the pro-Russian Belarusian Republican Scout Association saw it as a government mouthpiece and direct descendant of the communist Pioneers, whitewashed for western consumption. Hence, the dissident, Belarusian and democratically oriented Belarusian Scout Association had stayed separate, and largely underground due to political constraints. The ABS bought a country house to use as a camping center and organized regional camps there in the summer of 2003. One of the ABS regional newsletters became a citywide school paper with around 1000 circulation, as of 2004. The association was liquidated in 2005 by the Supreme Court of Belarus, but still continues to operate.

The Scout Motto of ABS is Напагатове! (Napahatove!), Be Prepared in the Belarusian language. The Belarusian noun for a single Scout is Скаўт. The official language of ABS is Belarusian.

The Scout emblem incorporates the Cross of Lorraine, due to its appearance in the former national coat of arms of Belarus, the Pahonia.

See also

 Scouting in Belarus

Gallery

External links
 Information on the association (outdated)
 Liquidation of the Belarusian Scout Association

References
Belaruski Skautyng (in English 'Belarusian Scouting'), by Lozka, Ales', in Belarusian (Narkomovka), Minsk, Polymya Publishers, 1997, 190 pages; ; print run 2,500 copies, printed by the Belarusian Scout Association Ab'yadnannye Belaruskikh Skautau.

Non-aligned Scouting organizations
Scouting and Guiding in Belarus
Youth organizations established in 1991
1991 establishments in Belarus

Belarusian Scout Association


Tammy Schneider (born November 12, 1982, in Regina, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian curler from Kronau, Saskatchewan. She currently plays third for her sister, Kim.

Career

Juniors
Schneider grew up in the small village of Kronau, Saskatchewan, outside of Regina. She and her sister and teammate Kim were the daughters of 1990 provincial champion lead Larry Schneider.

In 1998, Schneider won a silver medal at the Saskatchewan Winter Games.  Schneider played in three Saskatchewan junior championships, but never won. In 2003, she was invited to play as the alternate for team Canada at the 2003 World Junior Curling Championships. Schneider played in just one match, but the team (skipped by Marliese Miller won a gold medal. In 2004 and 2005 she would play in the University national championships.

2004–2012
After juniors, Schneider played for Cindy Street, playing in the 2004 and 2005 women's provincial championship. For the 2005/06 season Schneider would leave to play with Amber Holland.

In 2008, the team won their only Grand Slam event, the 2008 Players' Championships.

In 2009 the team would earn a spot in the Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, after defeating Marie-France Larouche in the C Qualifier. The team would finish round robin with a 4–3 record, tied for third place. They would lose the second tiebreaker to Krista McCarville in an extra end.

Together the team played in their first Saskatchewan Scotties Tournament of Hearts in 2008 and again in 2009.  They would not find success until the 2010 Saskatchewan Scotties Tournament of Hearts, when they would finally break through and represent Saskatchewan at the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. They would miss the playoffs, finishing with a 6–5 record.  The team would repeat as Saskatchewan champions in 2011. At the  2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the team would finish round robin first with a 9–2 and advance to the playoffs. They would lose the 1-2 game to team Canada, before winning the semi-final, over team Ontario. In the final, they would again face team Canada (Jennifer Jones), and this time would come out victorious, stealing the win in the 10th end, winning the Canadian Championship. This was the first time since 1997, that a team from Saskatchewan would win the National Championship. Together the team would win a silver medal at the 2011 Capital One World Women's Curling Championship.

Returning to the Scotties in 2012, the team was looking to repeat and win their second Canadian Championship, however they would finish the tournament with a disappointing 6–5 round robin record, failing to reach the playoffs. This was the first time since 2008, Team Canada did not reach the playoffs.

After seven years of playing with her Canadian Championship winning team, Holland announced that she would leave her squad. Holland told her team she wants to go in another direction. Heather Kalenchuk has since decided to step away from the game for a few years, leaving Tammy and her sister Kim Schneider pondering their curling future. This departure by Holland left the four players ineligible for $72,000 worth of federal funding earned from winning the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, and they will forfeit their spot earned in the Olympic Curling Pre-Trials.

Personal life
Schneider is an office manager for CCR Construction Ltd.

References

Sources
Extra End Magazine 2009-10, pg 56
Curling runs in the family - Regina Leader-Post
Hollandcurlingteam.com
Canada's Olympic women's candidates - Edmonton Journal

External links

1982 births
Living people
Curlers from Regina, Saskatchewan
Canadian women curlers
Canadian women's curling champions
Canada Cup (curling) participants

Tammy Schneider


William Murray (born 1953) is an American novelist, journalist, short story, and comic book writer. Much of his fiction has been published under pseudonyms. With artist Steve Ditko, he co-created the superhero Squirrel Girl.

Biography

Early life and career
Will Murray grew up in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated North Quincy High school in June 1971, subsequently graduating summa cum laude from the University of Massachusetts at Boston. After becoming a fan of the pulp fiction hero Doc Savage, he began collecting pulp magazines and wrote two psychological profiles of the character in The Doc Savage Reader. He went on to write for fanzines and edit the fanzines Duende and  Skullduggery before joining the pulp-reprint publisher Odyssey Publications. He also co-authored the study, The Duende History of The Shadow Magazine. Circa 1978, "I discovered the outline to [Doc Savage creator] Lester Dent's unwritten Python Isle and decided to take a shot at writing it. Bantam [Books] passed on it initially, and by the time they came back and asked for it and two more Docs, I was busily ghosting [the adventure paperback series] The Destroyer for [series co-creator] Warren Murphy."

Novels and magazines

The Destroyer assignment had come about when Murray, editing Skullduggery, sought out Murphy and The Destroyer co-creator Richard Sapir for an interview, and later doing freelance research for Sapir. This led to his editing a Destroyer sourcebook, The Assassin's Handbook (1982) and eventually ghostwriting the series, beginning with the 56th book, Encounter Group (1984). He began writing the series regularly with the 69th book, Blood Ties, altogether ghosting book #69 through book #107, Feast or Famine. Murray has also written Cthulhu Mythos stories, including a pair of stories about Nug and Yeb, the Twin Blasphemies, and contributed single novels in The Executioner and Mars Attacks series. He wrote the retro-pulp collection Spicy Zeppelin Stories under various pen names.

Murray, also an author of nonfiction articles about pulp magazine writers such as Doc Savage creator Lester Dent, and the Shadow creator Walter B. Gibson; since 1979, he has been the literary executor for the estate of Dent, and has published twenty-one Doc Savage novels from Dent's outlines under Dent's pseudonym, Kenneth Robeson. His 2013 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage novel, Doc Savage: Skull Island, teams him up with King Kong.

In June 2015, Altus Press inaugurated the series The Wild Adventures of Tarzan in the novel Tarzan: Return to Pal-ul-don, an authorized sequel to Edger Rice Burroughs' 1921 novel, Tarzan the Terrible. Late in 2016, Altus released a follow-up novel, King Kong Vs. Tarzan. Early in 2020, "Tarzan, Conqueror of Mars" was released, in which John Carter of Mars was revived. In 2023, Tarzan: Back to Mars was released.

In October 2016, Altus Press released Six Scarlet Scorpions, the first entry in a new spinoff series centering around Doc Savage's adventuress cousin, called The Wild Adventures of Pat Savage. Murray wrote the novel from an outline written by the character's creator, Lester Dent.

In August, 2018, Altus Press released The Spider: The Doom Legion, reviving the pulp hero known as The Spider, as well as James Christopher, Operator 5, and G-8 of G-8 and His Battles Aces fame. A sequel, The Spider: Fury in Steel, was published in January, 2021.

In June, 2020, Altus Press released The Wild Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, collecting ten of Murray's Sherlock Holmes short stories.

For Necronomicon Press, he edited Tales of Zothique and The Book of Hyperborea, two collections of stories by Clark Ashton Smith. His essays have appeared in books ranging from S. T. Joshi's compedium on H. P. Lovecraft, An Epicure in the Terrible, to Jim Beard's survey of the 1960s Batman TV show, Gotham City 14 Miles. He also contributed to the encyclopedias St. James Crime and Mystery Writers, St. James Science Fiction Writers, Contemporary Authors and The Dictionary of Literary Biography. A collection of his Doc Savage articles was published by Altus Press under the title, Writings in Bronze, in 2011. As a contributing editor of Starlog magazine, Murray wrote for that publication and for Starlog Press movie tie-in publications.

Murray stories have appeared in The UFO Files, Future Crime, Miskatonic University, 100 Wicked Little Witch Stories, 100 Creepy Little Creature Stories, 100 Vicious Little Vampire Stories, The Cthulhu Cycle, Disciples of Cthulhu II, Cthulhu's Reign, Worlds of Cthulhu, The Yig Cycle, Dead But Dreaming II, Horror for the Holidays, The Mountains of Madness, Tales from the Miskatonic Library, Dracula Unfanged, Shadows Out of Time, Unknown Superheroes vs. the Forces of Darkness, Thrilling Adventure Yarns, Six-Gun Legends, Nightbeat: Night Stories and other collections.

For National Public Radio, he adapted Lester Dent's 1934 novel The Thousand-Headed Man as a six-part serial for The Adventures of Doc Savage, which aired in 1985, and was released on CD by Radioarchives.com in October 2010.

For Radio Archives, Murray produced the Will Murray Pulp Classics line of audio and ebooks, starring such pulp heroes as The Spider and G-8 and His Battle Aces.

With S. T. Joshi and Jon L. Cooke, Murray organized The Friends of H. P. Lovecraft, which raised funds to place a memorial plaque dedicated to the Providence fantasy writer on the grounds of Brown University's John Hay Library on the centennial of Lovecraft's birth in August 1990.

In 2000 Murray wrote the novel Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: Empyre for Marvel comics. The story, which predicted the operational details of the Year 2001 terror attacks on New York and Washington a year before they transpired, identified the author as a trained remote viewer and professional psychic.

Beginning in 2006, Murray has been a consulting editor for Sanctum Books' Doc Savage, Shadow, Avenger and Whisperer reprints.  He has also written dozens of introductions to the reprints being published by Altus Press, covering characters such as Lester Dent's Lee Nace and Frederick Nebel's Black Mask detective, Ben Donohue. With Off-Trail Publications' John Locke, he has co-edited the three-volume The Gangland Sagas of Big Nose Serrano, which collects all 12 of Anatole Feldman's Big Nose Serrano stories. For Black Dog Books, he penned introductions to their ongoing Lester Dent Library series of pulp-magazine reprints.

Murray's exhaustive survey, Wordslingers: An Epitaph for the Western, delved into the American Western story as it evolved in the pages of the pulp magazines of the first half of the 20th century.

Stepping into the metaphysical and spiritual genre, Murray explored the nature and origin of God in his 2016 ebook, Forever After, which he wrote under his full name of William Patrick Murray. The channelled work is told in the form of a fable, with the narrative unfolding from God's point of view.

Comic books
A contributor to numerous prose anthologies, Murray has written short stories of the characters Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Spider-Man, Ant-Man, the Hulk, the Spider, The Avenger, the Gray Seal, the Green Hornet, The Secret 6, Sherlock Holmes, Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, Honey West, Zorro and Lee Falk's the Phantom.

For Marvel Comics, Murray co-created the superhero Squirrel Girl with artist Steve Ditko. He scripted The Destroyer black-and-white magazine, as well as single stories starring Iron Man and the Punisher. Murray wrote the introduction to the Marvel Comics Omnibus volume, which celebrates the 70th anniversary of Marvel Comics, as well as introductions to Volume 2 of Daring Mystery Comics, Mighty Thor Masterworks Volume 9, Mystic Comics Volume 1, Young Allies Volume 2 and Golden Age Captain America Volume 6.

Awards
In 1979, he received the Lamont Award for his contributions to the furtherance of pulp fiction research. In 1999, he earned the Comic Book Marketplace award for research excellence in the area of comics history. Murray received the 2011 Pulp Ark Award for Best Series Revival for his work on The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage. His Doc Savage novel, Doc Savage: Skull Island, won the 2014 Pulp Factory Award for Best Novel. In 2021, Murray was awarded the Golden Lion Award for his contributions to the furtherance of the works of Tarzan creator, Edgar Rice Burroughs. He received the First Fandom Hall of Fame Award in 2023 for his many career achievements.

Selected works

Fiction

Novels
 Python Isle, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1991) [Doc Savage #184]
 White Eyes, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1992) [Doc Savage #185]
 The Frightened Fish, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1992) [Doc Savage #186]
 The Jade Ogre, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1992) [Doc Savage #187]
 Flight Into Fear, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1993) [Doc Savage #188]
 The Whistling Wraith, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1993) [Doc Savage #189]
 The Forgotten Realm, as by Kenneth Robeson, (1993) [Doc Savage #190]
 Mars Attacks! War Dogs of the Golden Horde, as by Ray W. Murill, Del Rey Books (1996)
 Nick Fury, Agent of Shield: Empyre, Berkley Boulevard Books (2000)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The Desert Demons, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2011)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Horror in Gold, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2011)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The Infernal Buddha, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2012)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Death's Dark Domain, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2012)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The Miracle Menace, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2013)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Phantom Lagoon, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2013)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Skull Island, Altus Press (2013)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The War Makers, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2014)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The Ice Genius, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2014)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: The Sinister Shadow, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2015)
 The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs (Vol 1): Return to Pal-ul-don, Altus Press (2015)
 The Wild Adventures of Pat Savage (Vol 1): Six Scarlet Scorpions, Altus Press (2016)
 King Kong vs. Tarzan, Altus Press (2016)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Glare of the Gorgon, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2016)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Empire of Doom, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2017)
 The Wild Adventures of Doc Savage: Mr. Calamity & The Valley of Eternity, as by Kenneth Robeson, Altus Press (2018)
 The Wild Adventures of The Spider (Book 1): The Doom Legion, Altus Press (2018)
 The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs (Vol 9): Tarzan, Conqueror of Mars, Altus Press (2020)
 The Wild Adventures of The Spider (Book 2): Fury in Steel, Altus Press (2021)
 The Wild Adventures of The Spider (Book 3): Scourge of the Scorpion, Altus Press (2022)
 The Wild Adventures of Edgar Rice Burroughs (Vol 12): Tarzan, Back to Barsoom, Altus Press (2023)

Collections
 The Wild Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, (2020)
 The Wild Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Volume Two, Odyssey Publications (2023)
 The Wild Adventures of Cthulhu: Volume One, Odyssey Publications (2022)
 The Wild Adventures of Cthulhu: Volume Two, Odyssey Publications (2022)

Short stories
 "Snail Ghost", Eldritch Tales #11, 1985
 "A Trillion Young", in Tales from the Miskatonic University Library (PS Publishing, 2017)

Comic book stories
 "The Coming of ... Squirrel Girl" (origin story), Marvel Super-Heroes, Winter 1991

Nonfiction

Books
 The Duende History of the Shadow Magazine, Odyssey Publications (1980)
 Writings in Bronze, Altus Press (2011)
 Wordslingers: An Epitaph for the Western, Altus Press (2013)
 Master of Mystery: The Rise of The Shadow, Odyssey Publications (2021)
 Dark Avenger: The Strange Saga of The Shadow, Odyssey Publications (2022)

Articles
 "Narrathoth, the Forgotten", Crypt of Cthulhu #35, 1985
 "The Riddle of the Key", The Armchair Detective, Summer 1989

Introductions
 The Gangland Sagas of Big Nose Serrano: Vol 1: Dames, Dice and the Devil, by Anatole Feldman, Off-Trail Publications (2008)
 The Gangland Sagas of Big Nose Serrano: Vol 2: Horses, Hoboes and Heroes, by Anatole Feldman, Off-Trail Publications (2008)
 Thunder Jim Wade: The Complete Series, by Henry Kuttner, Altus Press (2008)
 The Bat Strikes Again And Again!, by Johnston McCulley, Altus Press (2009)
 The Gangland Sagas of Big Nose Serrano: Vol 3: Hell's Gangster, by Anatole Feldman, Off-Trail Publications (2009)
 Super-Detective Jim Anthony: The Complete Series, Vol 1, by Victor Rousseau, Altus Press (2009)
 When the Death-Bat Flies: The Detective Stories of Norvell Page, Altus Press (2010)
 G Stands for Glory: The G-Man Stories of Norvell Page, Altus Press (2010)
 The Crimes of The Scarlet Ace: The Complete Stories of Major Lacy & Amusement, Inc., by Theodore A. Tinsley, Altus Press (2011)
 The Cobra: The King of Detectives, by Richard B. Sale, Altus Press (2011)
 King of Fang and Claw: The Complete Pulp Magazine Adventures, by Bob Byrd, Altus Press (2011)
 The Complete Casebook of Cardigan, Vol 1: 1931-32, by Frederick Nebel, Altus Press (2013)
 Operator #5: The Complete Purple Wars, by Emile C. Tepperman, Altus Press (2019)

Obituaries
 "Walter B. Gibson", Locus, January 1986
 "Walter M. Baumhofer", Locus, November 1987
 "Norman Saunders", Locus, May 1989

References

External links

Living people
1953 births
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American short story writers
American comics writers
Cthulhu Mythos writers
H. P. Lovecraft scholars
Pulp fiction writers

Will Murray