Enos Daugherty Hoge (July 23, 1831 – July 27, 1912) was a justice of the Supreme Court of the Utah Territory from 1868 to 1869.

Born near Morgan, Virginia (later West Virginia), Hoge moved to Illinois at an early age and read law under a federal judge there. During the American Civil War, Hoge served as first lieutenant and captain of Company H, 110th Illinois Infantry Regiment, from September 11, 1862, to May 8, 1863, when he was honorably discharged. During this service, he participated in the Battle of Stones River in December, 1862, where heavy cannon fire left him deaf in his right ear.

Hoge settled in Salt Lake Valley in July 1865 and opened a law office. He served two terms as city attorney of Salt Lake City under mayor R. N. Baskin. In 1868, President Andrew Johnson appointed Hoge to serve on the Utah Territorial Supreme Court, where Hoge sat for one year. Hoge then returned to private practice in Salt Lake City. In 1875, Hoge was a defense attorney in the first trial of John D. Lee, one of the accused participants in the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Hoge was one of five "liberal" members elected to serve in the Utah Territorial legislature convened in 1888. In that capacity, Hoge introduced a "Marriage Bill" to prohibit polygamy and restrict who could perform marriages.

In February 1890, his military pension was set at $10 per month, due to the board of surgeons finding that he remained totally deaf in the right ear, and slightly deaf in the left ear. By 1904, it was reported that his income from the practice of law "had ceased almost entirely and to the extent that it fails to furnish him the common necessaries of life", that his law library and office furniture had been destroyed in a fire and his only property consisted of $150 to $200 worth of household goods, and that he had no other income. In light of these circumstances, his military pension was increased to $30 per month.

His funeral was held by the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which he had been a grand master, and was reported as having been well-attended.

References

External links

1831 births
1912 deaths
People from Jackson County, West Virginia
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Justices of the Utah Supreme Court
Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature
19th-century American judges

Enos D. Hoge


The 174th Air Defense Artillery Brigade is an Air Defense Artillery brigade of the United States Army. It is one of six brigade-sized major subordinate commands of the Ohio Army National Guard, activated on 1 September 2008, in Columbus, Ohio. Before, during, and following its activation, the brigade and its subordinate battalions have been very active, deploying individuals and units to support the Iraq War's Operation Iraqi Freedom, airspace defense of the National Capital Region, and the combined Hungary-United States Operational Mentor and Liaison Team.

Current units
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Unit designation !! Unit headquarters
|-
|Headquarters and Headquarters Battery || Columbus, Ohio
|-
| 1st Battalion, 174th Air Defense Artillery || Cincinnati, Ohio
|-
| 2nd Battalion, 174th Air Defense Artillery || McConnelsville, Ohio
|-
| Administrative command and control part of 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 28th Infantry Division||
|-
| 1st Battalion, 145th Armor || Stow, Ohio
|-
| Administrative command and control assignment unknown||
|-
| 2nd Squadron, 107th Cavalry|| Cincinnati, Ohio
|-
|}

Heraldry

Combat service identification badge and shoulder sleeve insignia

Description
A rectangle arched at the top and bottom with a 1/8 inch (.32 cm) yellow border, 2 inches (5.08 cm) in width and 3 inches (7.62 cm) in height overall divided per pale ultramarine blue and scarlet, between two yellow lightning bolts radiating pilewise in base a stylized missile of the like; in chief a chevron of nine white stars and on either side of the missile head are four white stars in the configuration of a square diamond.

Symbolism
Scarlet and yellow are the colors associated with Air Defense Artillery. The Nike Hercules missile was the weapon last employed in the ground-based air defense of the United States Homeland and represents the Brigade's resumption of this mission. The seventeen stars represent Ohio as the seventeenth state to enter the Union and is home to the unit. The diverging lightning bolts allude to radar acquisition and speed of response. Red is the color of valor and yellow/gold is emblematic of excellence. The blue is symbolic of the clear skies that the Brigade maintains.

Distinctive unit insignia

Description
A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 3/16 inches (3.02 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield per fess wavy, the chief per pale Argent and Sable, the base Gules, a demi-missile in pale of the first (Silver Gray) issuing from a demi-annulet of the first in base, in fess three wavy barrulets Azure; in dexter chief a lightning bolt bendwise of the second and in sinister chief a lightning bolt bend sinisterwise of the first. Around the bottom of the shield is a Black bipartite scroll inscribed with "QUISQUAM" "USQUAM" in Gold letters.

Symbolism
Scarlet and yellow/gold are traditionally associated with Air Defense Artillery. The lightning bolts denote swiftness and power. The white on black and vice versa further emphasizes the unit's motto which translates to "Anytime, Anywhere" and the day and night, around the clock role of the soldier. The three wavy bars refer to the National, State, and Community missions of the National Guard unit. The silver missile cutting through the blue bars is symbolic of the primary mission of the organization to maintain clear skies. The white annulet with the red is adapted from the State flag of Ohio, home of the unit and further highlights the arching line used in the military map symbol for Air Defense units.

Background
The distinctive unit insignia was approved effective 1 September 2008.

External links
U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry page for 174th Air Defense Artillery Brigade, Ohio Army National Guard
Ohio National Guard press release, "Ohio National Guard Conducts Activation And Patch Ceremony"

Air defense artillery brigades of the United States Army
Brigades of the United States Army National Guard
Military units and formations in Ohio
Ohio Army National Guard
Ohio National Guard units
Military units and formations of the United States in the Iraq War
Military units and formations established in 2008

174th Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States)


The yellowhead or mohua (Mohoua ochrocephala) is a small insectivorous passerine bird endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. Once a common forest bird, its numbers declined drastically after the introduction of rats and stoats, and it is now near threatened.

Taxonomy
The yellowhead was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the flycatchers in the genus Muscicapa and coined the binomial name Muscicapa ochrocephala. The specific epithet is derived from the Ancient Greek ōkhros meaning "pale yellow" and -kephalos meaning "-headed". Gmelin based his account on the "yellow-headed fly-catcher" that had been described in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his book A General Synopsis of Birds. The naturalist Joseph Banks had provided Latham with a watercolour painting of the bird by Georg Forster who had accompanied James Cook on his second voyage to the Pacific Ocean. The inscription on the painting includes the year 1774 and the location "Queen Charlotte's Sound". Queen Charlotte Sound is on the north coast of the South Island of New Zealand. This picture is the holotype for the species and is in the collection of the Natural History Museum in London. The yellowhead in now one of three species placed in the genus Mohoua that was introduced in 1837 by the French naturalist René Lesson. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

The yellowhead was known in the 19th century as the "bush canary", after its trilling song. It is also known as mohua from the Māori . Recent classification places this species and its close relative, the whitehead, in the family Mohouidae.

Distribution and habitat
The yellowhead and the whitehead have allopatric distributions as, conversely, the latter is found only in the North Island and several small islands surrounding it. Although abundant in the 19th century, particularly in southern beech forests on the South Island and Stewart Island / Rakiura, mohua declined dramatically in the early 20th century due to the introduction of black rats and mustelids; nesting in tree holes makes them more vulnerable to predators.

Today they have vanished from almost all of the South Island's forests and exist in less than 5% of their original range. On mainland South Island there is currently a small population of mohua in the Marlborough Sounds and around Arthur's Pass, but a quarter of the population lives in the beech forests of the Catlins. The mohua number about 5000.

Conservation

In New Zealand, mohua have the status of a protected threatened endemic species. Conservation efforts are being made to ensure its survival and mohua populations have been established on several predator-free offshore islands, such as Breaksea Island in Fiordland and Ulva Island. Birds have been captive-bred at Orana Park in Christchurch.

In 2003, 39 mohua were translocated from Breaksea Island to predator-free Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, and more were introduced to Whenua Hōu from the Catlins in 2018, increasing the island's population to about 1000. More releases are planned to islands in Fiordland.

Pest control efforts by the Department of Conservation have managed to stabilise some mainland mohua populations. For example, where biodegradable 1080 poison was used to control rats in the Dart valley, there was a more than 80% survival rate, compared with just 10% in untreated areas. The population of mohua in the Landsborough valley has increased four-fold since 1998, thanks to an intensive programme of pest control, including aerial 1080. The population is now strong enough for birds to be transferred out to establish a new population on Resolution Island. Similar aerial 1080 operations in the Catlins and the Hurunui, Hawdon and Eglinton valleys have had equally encouraging results. DOC and TBfree New Zealand noted in March 2014 that there was a significant repopulation in the Catlins of other avian species, including bellbird and tomtit due to the reduction of predators.

Popular culture
Since the redesign of New Zealand's currency in 1991 a yellowhead has appeared on the reverse side of the New Zealand $100 note.

References

Literature

External links
 Mōhua Charitable Trust

Mohoua
Birds of the South Island
Birds described in 1789
Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Endemic birds of New Zealand

Yellowhead (bird)


Luciano Pistoi (1927 in Rome – 1995 in Siena) was an Italian art critic, dealer, journalist, publisher, promoter and organizer of cultural events. He is considered one of the most prominent figures in the postwar Italian art world.

Pistoi was born in Rome into a family of Tuscan origins. In the early 1950s he moved to Turin where he started working as an art critic for the newspaper L'Unità.

In 1957 he opened his first gallery called Galleria Notizie with an exhibition of Wols. He subsequently presented artists such as Jean Fautrier, Jackson Pollock, Alberto Burri, Lucio Fontana, Jean Dubuffet, Olga Jevric, George Mathieu, Norman Bluhm, Mark Tobey, Spazzapan, Imai, Antoni Tàpies, Carla Accardi, Pinot Gallizio, Cy Twombly, Asger Jorn, Shiraga, Giovanni Paolo Pannini, Riopelle, Sam Francis, Louise Nevelson, Salvatore Scarpitta, Fausto Melotti, and Mario Merz. He also collaborated with many international art dealers, including Arne Glimcher, Ernst Beyeler, Paul Maenz, Niccolò Sprovieri, Plinio De Martiis, Gasparo del Corso, and Alexander Jolas.

In 1959 he organized the first European exhibition of the Japanese group Gutai and the exhibition "Arte Nuova" (New Art) in collaboration with the French critic Michel Tapié.

From the early 1960s Pistoi was interested in work by young artists like Piero Manzoni, Pino Pascali, Giulio Paolini, Luciano Fabro and Christo, parallel to his focus on protagonists of the European avant-gardes such as Francis Picabia, René Magritte, Fernand Léger, and Yves Tanguy.

In the 1970s he started organizing an exhibition that would take place every year in the medieval town of Castello di Volpaia near Siena.

Italian art critics
Italian art historians
Italian art curators
Italian art dealers
Italian male journalists
1927 births
1995 deaths
People of Tuscan descent
20th-century Italian journalists
20th-century Italian male writers

Luciano Pistoi


Wally O'Connell OAM (6 April 1923 – 28 June 2017) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s and 1950s, and coached in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was a  for the Australian national team. He played in ten Tests between 1948 and 1951 as captain on one occasion. Wally's younger brother Barry also played first grade football for Easts and Manly.

Playing career

Eastern Suburbs
An Eastern Suburbs junior, O'Connell's NSWRFL first grade career commenced in 1942 with the Eastern Suburbs club with whom he spent seven seasons and played 80 games. His first representative match was for City New South Wales in 1943. On 18 June 1945 a Sydney rugby league team featuring O'Connell travelled to Newcastle to play against their representative team and were defeated 27–26. He was the Roosters' pivot in their 1945 premiership final victory over Balmain.

With senior representative matches cancelled during WWII O'Connell didn't make his Test debut until 1948 against New Zealand in Sydney. He was selected for the 1948-49 Kangaroo Tour and played in five Tests and 16 minor tour games. His sole appearance as captain of the Kangaroos was in the First Test at Leeds of the 1948 Ashes series.

Manly-Warringah
Having been admitted to the Sydney top-grade competition in 1947 the young Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in 1949 had suffered three lean seasons and set about to secure the services of O'Connell, then regarded as one of the stars of the Australian game. He spent the 1949 season as captain-coach with Christian Brothers Wollongong. The Manly committee secured O'Connell with a 350-pound offer but his registration for the 1950 season was thwarted when Eastern Suburbs blocked the transfer on residential grounds. The Easts committee were dissatisfied with residential evidence O'Connell was able to table for himself and sought proof that O'Connell's wife had also already made the move to Manly. O'Connell was unable to provide this on-the-spot at the meeting, the transfer was blocked and on principle he chose to sit out the 1950 season thereby also jeopardizing his representative career.

O'Connell played two seasons with Manly as captain-coach leading them to 2nd place on the 1951 competition ladder and to the club's first Grand final appearance. He was unable to play in that match due to a fractured bone in his wrist, so was forced to watch from the sideline as his team lost to Souths by a record grand final margin.

His final international appearance was in the 3rd Test of the 1951 domestic series against France.

Post playing
In retirement O'Connell commenced a media career calling rugby league games for Sydney radio on 2UW. In 1966 he took up the coaching role at Manly and was responsible for promoting the young Illawarra junior and future Immortal Bob Fulton straight into first-grade at age 17.

On Australia Day 2004 O'Connell was awarded the Order of Australia Medal "service to rugby league football, particularly as a player and coach".

O'Connell was Australia's oldest living Test captain up until his death on 28 June 2017, at the age of 94.

References

Footnotes
 Whiticker, Alan (2004) Captaining the Kangaroos, New Holland, Sydney
 Andrews, Malcolm (2006) The ABC of Rugby League Austn B
 Whiticker, Alan / Hudson, Glen (1995) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gary Allen Pty Ltd. Sydney

External links
Wally O'Connell at Silvertails.net

1923 births
2017 deaths
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league coaches
City New South Wales rugby league team players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles captains
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles coaches
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Sydney Roosters players

Wally O'Connell


A Happy Man () is a 2009 Canadian-French comedy-drama directed by Robert Ménard.
It was entered into several film festivals including the Rhode Island International Film Festival. Moreover, it was chosen Best Foreign Film at the New York Independent Film Festival in 2009.
The film is also known as A Happy Man.

Plot
French professor Pierre Martin is a widower who lives with his single daughter Catherine. When his aunt Jeanne dies she bequeathers him her guest house in Canada on condition he lives there for a minimum of time. He loves to comply because he has fond childhood memories of this place. In order to make his daughter Catherine accompany him he tells her a great deal of money was also part of Jeanne's heritage. So both of them hurry  to the rural little town Sainte Simone du Nord in Canada. The mayor Michel Dolbec knows Jeanne's house will become property of their community if the two Martins don't hold out long enough. He sabotages them several times but they stay. Eventually Pierre Martin and Michel Dolbec become friends after all.

Cast

Reception
The film received mixed reviews. It was praised as a "touching politically incorrect comedy". Yet its narrativity been blamed for a lack of rigour.
 The film has a user rating of 5.2 due to mixed critic reviews on IMDb.

DVD release
A NTSC version of Le Bonheur de Pierre has been released on DVD in winter 2009.

References

External links

2009 films
Films directed by Robert Ménard
Canadian comedy-drama films
French comedy-drama films
French-language Canadian films
2000s Canadian films
2000s French films

A Happy Man (2009 film)


Smokey Mountain is a big landfill site in Manila in the Philippines. It was called "Smokey Mountain" because of the thick smoke coming from burning waste. There were 2 million tons of waste dumped there. It made a big mountain. Many poor people lived in a shanty town at Smokey Mountain. They earned money by selling things they found in the dumped waste. These were things like plastic bottles, glass, cardboard, and copper wire.

The Philippine government closed Smokey Mountain in 1995. No more waste was dumped there. The government cleaned up the landfill site. They covered up the mountain of waste with dirt. They planted grass and trees. They knocked down the shanty town. New houses were built next to Smokey Mountain.

This did not stop all the problems. Many poor people moved to a new landfill very close to Smokey Mountain. Waste is still dumped in that new landfill. The poor people built a new shanty town there. In the new landfill they still work all day looking in the waste for things they can sell.

References

Manila

Smokey Mountain


Aslak Rakli Hartberg alias Alis (born 1 May 1975 in Oslo, Norway), is a Norwegian rapper and bass player, and was the leading figure in the Norwegian hip hop band Klovner i Kamp. He is the brother of cartoonist Flu Hartberg.

Education
Hartberg attended Foss Upper Secondary School (1991–94), on the Music program together with the artists Bertine Zetlitz, Jannike Kruse, Kate Havnevik and the author Markus Midrè. He studied music at Norwegian Academy of Music 1995-99.

Career
Hartberg was noticed as early as 15–16 years old as a bass player on the jazz scene connected to «Oslo jazzhus» in Toftesgate. Here he played in several bands, including «For Sure» with Sjur Miljeteig, and «Gest» with Tord Gustavsen.

He established «Klovner i Kamp» in 1994 together with Sveinung Eide. The same year he was part of establishing the band «Oslo Fluid». In sum, these bands let out seven albums, in addition to a plethora of singles and EP's. In 1995, he was also involved in «Pimp image», Norwegian pop band inspired by acid-jazz wave, which was signed to Virgin Records. In 1999 he was part of starting the label «City Connections» which was an important contributor to the Norwegian hip-hop community. Besides «Klovner i Kamp» and «Oslo Fluid», they released records with «Salvador», «Malay Sparks» and «Mojo and He-man». In this period Hartberg also had success as a jazz musician. At 20y he replaced bassist Bjørn Kjellemyr in Halle/Eberson Quartet and at the end of the 1990s he started the band Shining together with Jørgen Munkeby, Morten Qvenild and Torstein Lofthus, fellow students at Norges Musikkhøgskole. Gruppen utga tre plater og turnerte i hele verden før Hartberg sluttet i 2005.

He also was awarded «Alarmprisen» twice with the band Shining.

Hartberg and Esben Selvig was in 2002 awarded Edvard Prize in the class Text to music, within the band Klovner i Kamp tune «Nattens sønner». The group's lyrics can be found in half a dozen Norwegian text books, poetry collections and anthologies.
In 2006 the band «Klovner i Kamp» broke up.

In 2005 he composed music for the TV series «Gutta Boys» for NRK nominated for the American Emmy.
The following year, he composed all the music for the Norwegian participant for the Oscar Award Tatt av kvinnen.

He composed the music for the Danish TV series Pagten for DR1 in 2009, and music for the film Keepern til Liverpool in 2010.
He was the musical director for Lars Saabye Christensen play Chet spiler ikke her with Torbjørn Harr on «Torshovteateret» in 2009/2010. He composed the score for the film I et speil, i en gåte featuring Liv Ullmann.

Hartberg plays in the rock band «Yoga Fire» together with Jonas Forsang Moksnes, Esben Selvig, Sveinung Eide and Søren Brandt.
He has also contributed to albums by Paperboys, «Apollo», «URO» and Lars Beckstrøm among others, and has written the book Fuck you eller penga tilbake published on «Tiden forlag» 2009.

Honors
Spellemannprisen 2001, with «Klovner i Kamp».
Edvard Prize 2002 in the class Text to music, within the band «Klovner i Kamp»
«Alarmprisen» 2006 for the album In The Kingdom Of Kitsch You Will Be A Monster, within the band Shining
«Alarmprisen» 2007 for the album Grindstone, within the band Shining

Discography
With « Oslo Fluid»
1997: Dynamite (C+C records)
1998: Waffelman EP (C+C Records)
2000: Cycles of Life (City Connections)

With «Klovner i Kamp»
2000: Schwin (City Connections)
2001: Bjølsen hospital (City Connections)
2003: Kunsten å fortelle (City Connection)
2005: Ørnen tek ikkje unga (Tuba record)

With Shining
2001: Where the Ragged People Go (BP Records)
2003: Sweet Shanghai Devil (Jazzland)
2005: In the Kingdom of Kitsch You Will Be a Monster (Rune Grammofon)
2008: Shining (Rune Grammofon)

With other projects
1996: Whisper 2000 (Virgin Records), with «Pimp Image»
2001: Where is the Chet (K&K Jazz Series), Jazz standards within Torbjørn Sunde Oktett, in Germany 2002
2001: The O O Quartet (Curling Legs), within Jon Eberson 00 Quartet
2006: Matzukaze, with Håkon Storm Mathisen
2004: QS (AIM ), within Jan Martin Smørdal's «Acoustic Accident»
2009: Fuck you eller penga tilbake (MTG), within «Yoga Fire»
2012: Who's Gonna Let You Down? (Trust Me Records), within «Töckfors»

References

External links
Saboterer for seg sjølv (in Norwegian)

1975 births
Living people
Jazz double-bassists
Norwegian jazz upright-bassists
Male double-bassists
Norwegian rappers
Norwegian Academy of Music alumni
Musicians from Oslo
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century Norwegian male musicians
Male jazz musicians
Shining (Norwegian band) members

Aslak Hartberg


The hippocamp (also: hippocampe, hippokamp, or hippocampus, pl: hippocampi or hippokampoi) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. The creature has a horse's body and a fish's tail. It was not commonly pictured in Classical Greek art but when it is, it is sometimes ridden by the sea god Nereus or sea nymphs. The hippocamp plays no part in any known mythological tale. The ancients believed it was the adult form of the seahorse. It draws the chariot of Poseidon and other sea divinities in the works of ancient writers and artists.

References

Greek legendary creatures

Hippocamp


Andrew Russell is professor of politics at the University of Liverpool, and will take the position of Head of Politics from January 2018. He is a specialist on the British Liberal Democrats party and on young people.

Education
Russell studied politics and history at the University of Loughborough before completing an MA in political behaviour at the University of Essex. He received his a PhD from the University of Sheffield for a thesis on spatial variation in economic attitudes and voting behaviour.

Career
Russell began his career as lecturer in politics at the University of Leeds before moving to the University of Manchester in 1994 where he became a professor in 2011. He is a specialist on the British Liberal Democrats party and on young people. In 2004, he was the academic representative on the Electoral Commission's review of the minimum age of candidature and voting in UK elections. With Steve de Wijze he is the co-editor of the journal Representation.

In 2012, the Political Studies Association awarded Russell the Bernard Crick Prize for Outstanding Teaching.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Alumni of the University of Essex
Alumni of Loughborough University
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Manchester
British political scientists

Andrew Russell (academic)


The American Indian Exposition, held annually during the first full week in August at the Caddo County Fairgrounds in Anadarko, Oklahoma, is one of the oldest and largest intertribal gatherings in the United States. Sponsored by fifteen tribes (Apache, Arapaho, Caddo, Cheyenne, Comanche, Delaware, Fort Sill Apache, Iowa, Kiowa, Osage, Otoe-Missouri, Pawnee, Ponca, Sac & Fox, and Wichita), representatives from up to fifty other tribes participate in any given year.

History
The Exposition began with the All-Indian Fair first held in 1924. It was the successor to the Craterville Park Indian Fair, which had been held from 1924 through 1933 near Cache, Oklahoma. A group of people calling themselves the Southwest Indian Fair (SWIF) had met after the Caddo County Free Fair in 1935 to discuss their dissatisfaction  with the Craterville Park demonstrations of Indian culture, which they felt was too ethnocentric and white-oriented. They felt that the Indian participants were treated as merely figureheads. The leaders of SWIF wanted to separate the dance performances from the county fair, and wanted the  Caddo County Free Fair board to give them creative and management freedom over the production. In 1935 it was incorporated as the American Indian Exposition with the stated purpose of "promoting and retaining Indian cultural life, handicrafts, arts, crafts, and farming a seend livestock skills by providing a yearly showcase".

The Exposition features a week-long program of dance contests, parades, pageants (Indian Princess, Beautiful Baby), sporting events such as softball  as well as arts and crafts contests. The fairgrounds also provides camping accommodations for the participants. Nearby is the Southern Plains Indian Museum, the American Indian Hall of Fame, and Indian City USA.

No expositions were held in 1942-45 nor 2020-21.

Miss American Indian Exposition
The title "Miss American Indian Exposition," came into existence in the 1930s, when a young woman, Imogene Carter, was selected to represent the AIE. The event has been reintroduced many times, and the requirements have undergone several changes. In 2015, the AIE Board retired the title until it could reassess the qualifications and other requirements. In January, 2016, AIE reinstated this aspect of the program. It opened competition to any young American Indian woman who wished to enter. Previously, competition was limited to actual tribal princesses. To promote education, the title holder would be expected to serve as a mentor for young women, and the winner each year would receive a scholarship. The winner of the 2016 competition is Marquela Pewewardy, who is 17 years old and whose mother is Kiowa and whose father is Comanche.She plans to enroll in Oklahoma University, when she graduates from Elgin High School.

Notes

References

External links
Library of Congress
Anadarko Indian Expo
Anadark Chamber of Commerce
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - American Indian Exposition

Native American topics
Oklahoma culture
Culture of the Western United States
Tourist attractions in Caddo County, Oklahoma
Festivals in Oklahoma
Native American festivals
Festivals established in 1924
Fairs in the United States

American Indian Exposition


William Frederick Burr (born June 10, 1968) is an American stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He is the host of the Monday Morning Podcast, and appeared in the AMC crime-drama show Breaking Bad. In 2013, The New York Times wrote that Burr "has been one of the funniest, most distinctive voices in the country for years. He has released six stand-up specials.

Burr was born in Canton, Massachusetts. His parents are of German and Irish ancestry. His father worked as a dentist. He married producer, director and screenwriter Nia Hill in 2013. Their daughter was born in 2017. As of May 2015, Burr is a licensed helicopter pilot and he has played the drums for a long time.

Rolling Stone magazine called Burr "the undisputed heavyweight champ of rage-fueled humor." Burr often makes himself look like "that loud guy in the bar" with "uninformed logic." In an interview with the The Boston Globe, Burr stated, "I'm the 'dude, bro' guy." He has also been known to not care about being politically correct."

Discography
 Emotionally Unavailable (2003) [CD]
 Emotionally Unavailable: Expanded Edition (2007) [CD]
 Why Do I Do This? (2008) [CD/DVD/Netflix]
 Let It Go (2010) [CD/DVD/Netflix]
 You People Are All The Same (2012) [Netflix and download]
 Live at Andrew's House (2014) [limited vinyl release]
 Bill Burr: I'm Sorry You Feel That Way (2014) [Netflix]

References

Other websites

1968 births
comedians from Massachusetts
actors from Massachusetts
Living people

Bill Burr


Frederick IV, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (Gotha, 28 November 1774 – Gotha, 11 February 1825), was the last duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

He was the third but second surviving son of Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Charlotte de Saxe-Meiningen.

After the death of his older brother August without sons (1822), Frederick (the only surviving male of the house) inherited the duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg.

Frederick fought - after military training - in the Napoleonic campaigns and was heavily wounded. As a consequence of these injuries, he was constantly ill until his death. Because of his illness, he traveled for a long time seeking a cure.  During these stays outside of his duchy, he left the government in hands of his secret advisor Bernhard August von Lindenau.

He only reigned three years and died unmarried; with him, the line of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg ended. After his death, his lands were repartitioned among his Wettin relations. Ernst I of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld received Gotha, and changed his title to Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, although the two duchies remained technically separate in a personal union.  Altenburg was thereafter ruled by the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen, whose dukedom was transferred to Saxe-Meiningen along with Saxe-Saalfeld, which Saxe-Coburg gave up in return for receiving Saxe-Gotha.

Ancestors

References
 August Beck: Friedrich IV., Herzog von Sachsen-Gotha und Altenburg. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 8, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1878, S. 6 f.

1774 births
1825 deaths
House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
People from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
People from Gotha (town)
Dukes of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
German military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), are techniques that doctors use to give a visual representation of soft tissue (flesh) inside the body. Magnetic resonance uses nuclear magnetic resonance to generate these images.

To take an MRI image, the patient lies on a movable bed. The bed enters a strong magnetic field and then radio waves are applied for a short time in a different direction. This sudden shift causes certain atoms in the patient's body to make special signals. The MRI scanner detects those special signals.
The MRI scanner then sends the signal information to a computer, and the computer creates an image of the inner body by using the signal information.

Pros and cons
The MRI is used to diagnose disorders of the body that cannot be seen by X-rays. The MRI is painless and has the advantage of avoiding the dangerous X-ray radiation.

It is an expensive medical procedure, due to the high cost of the equipment. Some metallic objects may distort the image, like hip, shoulder and knee replacements but the exam can still be done. Cochlear (ear) implants, some (older) aneurysm clips in the brain, and most pacemakers are not MRI compatible.  Obese and severely claustrophobic patients often need sedation and/or imaging with an "open" magnet, which is much less confining. Contrast agents may or may not be indicated for some patients, and those with compromised kidney function may not be able to receive the contrast, due to a serious but rare skin reaction.

Which parts of the body MRI scans study
MRI scans can be used to study the brain, spinal cord, bones, joints, breasts, the heart and blood vessels. It can also be used to look at other internal organs. MRI scans can be used to find blood clots as well.

An MRI scan can be used as an extremely accurate method of disease detection throughout the body.

Neurosurgeons use an MRI scan not only in defining brain anatomy but in evaluating the integrity of the spinal cord after an injury. An MRI scan can evaluate the structure of the heart and aorta, where it can detect aneurysms or tears. Furthermore, MRI is nowadays used intraoperatively.

It provides valuable information on glands and organs within the abdomen, and accurate information about the structure of the joints, soft tissues, and bones of the body. Often, surgery can be deferred or more accurately directed after knowing the results of an MRI scan.

Related pages

Nuclear magnetic resonance

References

Further reading

 TRTF/EMRF: The history of MRI (Peter A. Rinck, ed).  url = http://www.magnetic-resonance.org/ch/20-01.html
 Guadalupe Portal; Aliosvi Rodriguez Whole body magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis in Trinidad BMJ (2010) ISSN 1756-1833  url = http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/12/19/re-whole-body-magnetic-resonance-imaging

Other websites
  A Guided Tour of MRI: An introduction for laypeople  National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
 Video: What to Expect During Your MRI Exam from the Institute for Magnetic Resonance Safety, Education, and Research (IMRSER)
 3D Animation Movie about MRI Exam
 Magnetic resonance imaging -Citizendium

Medical procedures
Medical imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging


Movie cameras / video cameras are used to film movies. Movie cameras take pictures very quickly, and they usually take 24 or 25 pictures, or frames every second. When a movie projector, a computer, or a television shows the pictures at 24 frames a second, it looks like the things shown in the set of pictures are moving. Sound is usually recorded at the same time as the pictures are, but sometimes they are added later. The sounds in a movie are usually people talking, the soundtrack, and sound effects. In the 20th century the camera used photographic films.

Cameras

Movie camera


The Tomb of Yue Fei is the mausoleum for the Southern Song dynasty general Yue Fei set in the southern foot of Qixia Hill, near the West Lake. See Yue Fei Temple.

History

General Yue Fei (1103–1142) was a hero of the Southern Song Dynasty who fought against Jin invaders during the Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty. Yue Fei was framed and murdered for crimes he did not commit. In 1163, Song Emperor Xiaozong exonerated Yue Fei and his corpse was reburied at the present site.

Layout

On the left of the tomb of Yue Fei, is the tomb of his son, Yue Yun (岳雲). Before Yue Fei's tomb there are four cast-iron figures, with chests bare and hands bound behind their backs, facing the tomb and kneeling. They are Qin Hui and his wife Wang, as well as Zhang Jun and Mo Qi Xie; they are Yue Fei's murderers. On both sides of the road to the tombs are galleries. In the northern gallery are tablets inscribed with poems and his memorials to emperor. While in the southern one are tablets inscribed with poems composed by famous people in all successive dynasties.

See also

Media about Yue Fei
History of the Song Dynasty
Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty
Timeline of the Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty
Yue Fei Temple

References

Buildings and structures completed in 1163
Mausoleums in China
Buildings and structures in Hangzhou
Yue Fei
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Zhejiang
Song dynasty architecture

Tomb of Yue Fei


Chinatown and Little Italy is a business revitalization zone (BRZ) created by the City of Edmonton, roughly comprising the informal Chinatown and Little Italy ethnic enclaves in the city's inner neighbourhoods.  The boundaries of the BRZ includes only the "commercial strips" within those enclaves and the BRZ itself straddles the official neighbourhoods of McCauley and Boyle Street.

History
Chung Kee or John Kee, was the first Chinese to settle in Edmonton, arriving by stage-coach from Calgary in late May 1890 to establish a laundry. In 1899 there were only 13 Chinese men in Edmonton, one restaurant and two laundries, about half lived in Strathcona. By the early 1900s a small Chinatown began to emerge after several Chinese merchants arrived to establish their businesses at the intersection of Namayo Street (contemporary 97 Street) and Rice Street (contemporary 101A Avenue). By 1911 the original 13 Chinese people residing in Edmonton had swelled to 154 (150 males, 4 females) and by 1921 it increased further to 518 (501 males, 17 females). From covering an area of 3 city blocks in 1911 (bounded by Jasper and Elizabeth Avenue as well as Fraser and Namayo Street, to expanding eastward as far as Kinistino Street (Modern 95 Street). Despite this substantial increase in size of the Chinese community, the Chinese people still only accounted for 1% of Edmonton's population.

In 1911, some 150 Chinese happily greeted the Xinhai Revolution by cutting off their queues and celebrating, though Sun Yat Sen did not visit Edmonton, he did visit Calgary in February 1911. In 1913, when Sun left the government of Yuan Shikai, Chinese Edmontonians formed a "Dare to Die Brigade" to go to China and support him. Trained by Morris Cohen (also known as General Two-Gun Cohen) they never got the chance to go to China, as Sun fled to Japan. In 1914, at the start of the First World War the Dare to Die Brigade offered to go to Europe to fight, however their request was turned down and they were disbanded. When Dr. Sun Yat Sen died in 1925, a large memorial service was held in Edmonton.

Edmonton's Current Chinatown consists of two parts, Chinatown South is the older part, easily recognized by the presence of the Harbin Gate and other Chinese-themed street furniture.  Chinatown North lies just to the north of its older counterpart.  Chinatown North also includes a large Vietnamese presence and blends into the multicultural "Avenue of Nations" (107 Ave) which runs east-to-west along the northern edge of both Chinatown and Little Italy.  The Edmonton Remand Centre located at 9660 - 104 Avenue is in the process of being closed and relocated to a new facility at 127 Street & 186 Avenue in early 2013.  The facility will be turned over to Alberta Infrastructure to determine its future once it is vacated and decommissioned by corrections.

Chinatown & Little Italy Business Association
The smaller enclave of Little Italy lies just few blocks to the east of Chinatown.  By the early 21st century, it had ceased to be an area of major Italian settlement but continues as a shopping district.

References

Chinese-Canadian culture in Alberta
European-Canadian culture in Alberta
Edmonton
Edmonton
Shopping districts and streets in Canada
Geography of Edmonton
Tourist attractions in Edmonton
Business Revitalization Zones in Alberta

Chinatown and Little Italy, Edmonton


John Homer Howe (September 12, 1822 – April 3, 1873) was an American jurist who served as chief justice of the Territorial Wyoming Supreme Court from April 6, 1869 to October 14, 1871.

Born in Riga, New York, Howe first began to practice law in Ohio, eventually moving to Kewanee, Henry County, Illinois, where he became a prominent lawyer, and eventually held the office of Circuit Judge. In 1862, while continuing to serve as a judge, he entered the Union Army as a captain in the 124th Illinois Infantry Regiment. He was made lieutenant colonel soon after, and was an actual command of the regiment during its service. He won distinction during the Vicksburg campaign, and in 1865 was made a Brevet Brigadier General. After the war he resumed his legal practice, and was frequently talked of as a candidate for congress in the 5th District.

On April 6, 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant appointed Howe chief justice of the Wyoming Territory. The entire Congressional Delegation for Illinois united in recommending him for this appointment. When the Territory of Wyoming extended the right to vote to women in 1870, Howe, as chief justice, interpreted this to mean that women could also serve on juries, and encouraged them to do so. Howe's efforts resulted in the first "mixed" juries, containing both men and women, which Howe argued would have a "civilizing" effect on proceedings, and give women greater power to address legal wrongs against them. Howe's efforts were resisted by male lawyers, and ultimately his successor in office reversed this policy. Howe resigned on October 14, 1871, and was later appointed as secretary to a commission adjudicating a boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico.

Howe died in Laredo, Texas, and was interred in Kewanee, Illinois.

References

Justices of the Wyoming Supreme Court
1822 births
1873 deaths
People from Kewanee, Illinois
People from Monroe County, New York
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
Union Army generals
Illinois state court judges
Illinois lawyers
Ohio lawyers
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers

John H. Howe (judge)


The North Caucasian languages, sometimes called simply Caucasic, is a proposed language family consisting of a pair of well established language families spoken in the Caucasus, predominantly in the north, consisting of the Northwest Caucasian family (also called Pontic, Abkhaz–Adyghe, Circassian, or West Caucasian) and the Northeast Caucasian family (also called Nakh–Dagestanian, Caspian or East Caucasian). There are some 34 to 38 distinct North Caucasian languages.

The Kartvelian languages, including Georgian, Zan and Svan, were once known as South Caucasian. However, they are no longer considered related to the North Caucasian languages and are classified as an independent language family.

Some linguists, notably Sergei Starostin and Sergei Nikolaev, believe that the two groups sprang from a common ancestor about five thousand years BCE. However, this proposal is difficult to evaluate, and remains controversial.

North Caucasian has also been given in an automated computational analysis (ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013). However, since the analysis was automatically generated, Müller et al. (2013) does not conclude whether the grouping is due to mutual lexical borrowing or genetic inheritance.

Internal classification
Among the linguists who support the North Caucasian hypothesis, the main split between Northeast Caucasian and Northwest Caucasian is considered uncontroversial. Problems arise when it gets to the internal structure of Northeast Caucasian itself. So far no general agreement has been reached in this respect. The following classification is based on Nikolayev & Starostin (1994):

 Abkhazo-Adyghean languages (Northwest Caucasian languages)
 Nakh–Daghestanian languages (Northeast Caucasian languages)
 Nakh language
 Daghestanian
 Avar–Andi–Dido
 Lezgic
 Lak–Dargwa

Comparison of the two phyla
The main perceived similarities between the two phyla lie in their phonological systems. However, their grammars are quite different.

Main similarities
Both phyla are characterised by high levels of phonetic complexity, including the widespread usage of secondary articulation. Ubykh (Northwest) has 84 consonants, and Archi (Northeast) is thought to have 76.

A list of possible cognates has been proposed. However, most of them may be loanwords or simply coincidences, since most of the morphemes in both phyla are quite short (often just a single consonant).

Main differences
The Northeast Caucasian languages are characterised by great morphological complexity in the noun. For example, in Tsez, a series of locative cases intersect with a series of suffixes designating motion with regard to the location, producing an array of 126 locative suffixes (often – depending on the analysis – described as noun cases).

By contrast, the Northwest Caucasian noun systems are relatively poor in morphology, usually distinguishing just two or three cases. However, they make up with a very complex verbal structure: the subject, the direct object, the indirect object, benefactive objects and most local functions are expressed in the verb.

Some comparisons

Abbreviations: PN = Proto-Nakh, PDL = Proto-Dargi-Lak, PLK = Proto-Lezgic-Khinalugh, PAAT = Proto-Avar–Andic–Tsezic, PNEC = Proto-Northeast Caucasian, PNWC = Proto-Northwest Caucasian, PNC = Proto-North Caucasian; i = inclusive, e = exclusive

Abbreviations: PNEC (S) = Schulze, PNEC (N) = Nichols, PNWC (Ch) = Chirikba, PNWC (Co) = Colarusso, PNC (S) = Starostin & Nikolayev

Criticism
Not all scholars accept the unity of the North Caucasian languages, and some who do believe that the two are, or may be, related do not accept the methodology used by Nikolayev and Starostin.

See also
Dené–Caucasian languages

References

Proposed language families
Languages of the Caucasus

North Caucasian languages


Matthew Newcomen (c. 1610 – 1 September 1669) was an English nonconformist churchman.

His exact date of birth is unknown.  He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge (M.A. 1633). In 1636 he became lecturer at Dedham in Essex, and led the church reform party in that county. He assisted Edmund Calamy the Elder in writing Smectymnuus (1641), and preached before parliament in 1643. He was multi-talented, excelling in preaching and debate, and was offered several lucrative positions.

He protested against the extreme democratic proposals called The Agreement of the People (1647), and was one of the commissioners at the Savoy Synod of 1658. When the Act of Uniformity was passed in 1662, Newcomen lost his living, but was soon invited to the pastorate at Leiden, where he was held in high esteem not only by his own people but by the university professors. He died of plague in 1669.

Sources

People educated at Colchester Royal Grammar School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
17th-century deaths from plague (disease)
Participants in the Savoy Conference
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Westminster Divines
1610s births
1669 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in the Netherlands
People from Dedham, Essex

Matthew Newcomen


The Broadcasting Archives at the University of Maryland is home to several collections – the National Public Broadcasting Archives and the Library of American Broadcasting among them – housed together on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park. Among the other holdings is the unusual Art Gliner Humor Collection, since humor plays such an important part in the history of radio and television programming.

Douglas Gomery, professor emeritus at Maryland's Philip Merrill College of Journalism, is Resident Scholar at the Archives. He donated his papers and some 5,000 books to the Broadcasting Archives when he retired from teaching in 2005. Gomery served on the committee that put the Broadcasting Archives in place, and considers the Archives the proudest achievement of his 25-year career at Maryland. He describes the collection as one of the top five research collections for the study of radio and television in the United States.

Other scholars who have donated their libraries and papers to the Broadcasting Archives include John M. Kittross and Christopher H. Sterling. The Archives also holds extensive books and papers from the National Association of Broadcasters and is actively growing its collection of materials concerning broadcast media in Washington, D.C. (The Pick Temple collection – from the popular 1950s children's show on WTOP – is currently being accessioned.)

The Broadcasting Archives is located in Hornbake Library on the campus of the University of Maryland in College Park, just off the northeast corner of Washington, D.C. The Broadcasting Archives is a unit of the Archives and Manuscripts Department of the Collection Management and Special Collections Division, University of Maryland Libraries.

References

University of Maryland, College Park
History of broadcasting in the United States
Libraries in Washington, D.C.
Archives in the United States
Television archives in the United States


The Chengdu GJ-1, also known as Wing Loong 1, is a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group in the People's Republic of China. Intended for use as a surveillance and aerial reconnaissance platform, the Pterodactyl I is capable of being fitted with air-to-surface weapons for use in an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) role.

Design and development
Designed and developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (CADI), a division of the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC), the Pterodactyl I bears a distinct similarity in appearance to the Predator/Reaper family of drones developed by the United States. The drone is capable of being fitted with a variety of sensors, including a forward looking infrared turret and synthetic aperture radar.  In addition, the aircraft is capable of carrying weapons. The Pterodactyl I's total payload capacity for sensors and weapons is .

Operational history

According to CADI, the Pterodactyl I undergone flight testing and has proven successful, with the flight test program including weapons tests of both bombs and air-to-surface missiles.

A model of the Pterodactyl I was displayed at the 2010 China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition at Zhuhai, the first public acknowledgment of the program; however, it was claimed by AVIC that the aircraft had been displayed at the 2008 airshow. The aircraft has been approved for export by Chinese authorities; the Pterodactyl I was evaluated by Pakistan, but was not selected for procurement.

One example of the type was known to have been lost in an accident during 2011.

China National Aero Technology Import & Export Corp is managing exportation of Pterodactyl UAV and 100 exported as of late 2018. An unknown number of Pterodactyl UAVs were purchased by Saudi Arabia in May 2014.

Since 2011, China has also sold the Wing Loong to several countries in Africa and the Middle East, including Nigeria, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates, at an estimated $1 million per unit.

Egypt

In March 2017, the Egyptian Air Force launched a number of airstrikes in North Sinai's cities of El Arish, Rafah, and Sheikh Zuweid, as part of the operations conducted by the Egyptian Armed Forces against militants. Most of the strikes, which targeted stationing points and moving vehicles, were carried out by Wing Loong UCAVs leaving 18  militants killed.

Ethiopia

There is contradictory reporting whether Chinese-made Chengdu Pterodactyl I drones operated by United Arab Emirates have supported the advance of the Ethiopian army and its allies into Tigray.

Libya
On 2019, Libyan National Army (LNA) forces, loyal to General Khalifa Haftar used extensively Chinese-made Wing Loong I and II drones supplied by the United Arab Emirates in the Civil War conflict against the Government of National Accord (GNA), The GNA also deployed Turkish drones in its war after receiving 12 Bayraktar TB2s in two batches between May and July 2019, at least half of them have been destroyed during LNA airstrikes using Wing Loong IIs, the second batch delivered in July was to replace the losses of the first.

On August 3, 2019, Libyan GNA forces announced the shoot down of a Libyan National Army (LNA) Wing Loong drone over Misrata.

On 6 August, 2019 A GNA Ilyushin Il-76TD cargo plane is destroyed in the ground on Misrata Airport by a LNA Wing Long drone.

On 17 October 2019, a LNA Wing Loong II combat drone is shot down in Misrata by a surface-air missile.

On 27 January 2020, a LNA Wing Loong II combat drone is shot down near Misrata.

On 13 May 2020, a LNA Wing Loong was shot down and recorded by GNA forces.

On 18 May 2020, a LNA Wing Loong was shot down between Zuwara and Aljmail, allegedly by fire from a Italian frigate.

On 24 May 2020, a LNA Wing Loong II combat drone is shot down by friendly fire from LNA Pantsir air defense system over Libya.

On 6 June 2020, a LNA Wing Loong was shot down near Sirte by GNA forces.

On 22 October 2020, the remains of a LNA Wing Loong was found in Ash-Shwayrif, Libya.

On 2 August 2021, another LNA Wing Loong wreck was recorded crashed on southwest Bani Walid, Misratah.

Yemen

On 26 December 2016 a Wing Loong UCAV operated by the United Arab Emirates was shot down by Houthi forces in Yemen.

In April 2018 they were used in Yemen by the Saudi led Operation Decisive Storm in successfully killing Saleh Ali al-Sammad, a senior Houthi leader by Wing Loong UCAV.

On 19 April 2019, Houthi rebels published a video of the downing and crash site of a United Arab Emirates CAIG Wing Loong acting for Saudi-led intervention over Saada district. It was probably shot down with a R-73 or R-27T missile.

On 1 December 2019, Houthi forces reported shooting down a Saudi Arabian Wing Loong drone over Yemen, showing the wreckage of the drone later. Another Wing Loong was reported shot down ten days later.  Houthi media published pictures of the drone wreckage.

On 20 May 2021, Houthi fighters shot down another a Saudi Arabian Wing Loong I drone in Najran region. Displaying photos and a video of the crash site.

On 13 September 2021, Houthi media announced the downing of a Saudi Coalition Wing Loong drone in Kataf area, Saada region, displaying footage of the shootdown.

In January 2021, Houthi forces shot down two UAE Operated Wing Loong drones in Shabwa province.

Variants

Chinese military version
WJ-1 The armed version of Pterodactyl I, which is a weapon platform without the reconnaissance/targeting pod under the chin. The designation WJ stands for Wu-Zhuang Wu-Ren-Ji (武装无人机), meaning armed UAV. WJ-1 UAV made its public debut in November 2014 at the 10th Zhuhai Airshow along with its cousin GJ-1.
GJ-1 Another armed version of Pterodactyl I that combines the capabilities of both Pterodactyl I and WJ-1 so that it can identify and engage targets on its own. GJ-1 can be distinguished from both Pterodactyl I and WJ-1 in that GJ-1 has both the reconnaissance/targeting pod under the chin as well as hardpoints to carry weapons. The designation GJ stands for Gong-Ji Wu-Ren-Ji (攻击无人机), meaning "attack UAV." GJ-1 UAV made its public debut in November 2014 at the 10th Zhuhai Airshow along with its cousin WJ-1.

Export version
Pterosaur I First member of Wing Loong series, with program of Wing Loong begun in May 2005. Maiden flight was completed in October 2007 and payload evaluation flight was completed a year later in October 2008. This first model of Wing Loong series lacked the bulge at the nose tip of the fuselage due to the lack of a satellite antenna, and while the English name used by the developer differed from later models, the Chinese name remains the same, and so is the name Wing Loong for the entire series.  The lack of satellite antenna results in cheaper cost, with the reduction of the maximum control range around to 200 km.  This model is no longer actively marketed when Pterodactyl I appeared, but is still available as a cheaper alternative up on potential customers' request.

Pterodactyl I The second member of the Wing Loong series is distinguished from the earlier Pterosaur I in that there is a bulge at the nose tip of the fuselage to house a satellite antenna, and this is the version most widely publicized and actively marketed as a surveillance platform. United Arab Emirates and Uzbekistan were reported to be the first two foreign customers of Pterodactyl I.
Sky Saker Sky Saker is a derivative of Wing Loong developed by Norinco mainly intended for export. The Chinese name is Rui Ying (锐鹰), meaning Sharp Eagle, but the English name adopted by the developer is Sky Saker. Sky Saker / Rui Ying carries both a miniature synthetic aperture radar and an electro-optical pod to perform reconnaissance in both the visible light and radar spectra. The capability of Sky Saker / Rui Ying has been exaggerated by many Chinese internet sources claiming that it has both scout and strike capabilities at the same time, but this has been proven to the contrary. According to all info released by Norinco itself (as of 2015), the UAV can employ only a single capability at a time: when the UAV carries the reconnaissance payload, no weaponry is carried. Similarly, when weaponry is carried, the reconnaissance payload is absent.

Wing Loong ID Upgraded variant of the Wing Loong I, with improved aerodynamics and engine enabling greater takeoff weight, service ceiling, and endurance. Other upgrades include both internal and external stores, as well as communications equipment. The variant launched in 2018 with Egypt being the first buyer of 32 systems. The variant achieved its first flight on 23 December 2018.

Wing Loong 1E Maiden flight in 20 January 2022. The new drone features larger carrying capacity than previous models.

Further development
Wing Loong II An upgraded variant of the Wing Loong, with provisions for up to twelve air-to-surface missiles. Officially entered service with the PLAAF in November 2018.

Operators

 — 60 units, in service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force
 — Reportedly exported to as early as 2016, first images released by the Egyptian military in October 2018.

 — Two exported to in 2016, in service with the Kazakhstan Air Defence Forces
 — Reportedly donated to Morocco as a gift from UAE in 2020.

 — A Wing Loong crashed in Pakistan on 18 June 2016, raising theories the country may be evaluating the system. A Pakistani defence ministry official told a reporter that an unnamed UAV crashed on an "experimental flight", further fueling evaluating theories. Two years later in October 2018, it was announced that Pakistan Aeronautical Complex and Chengdu Aircraft Corporation would jointly produce 48 Wing Loong II UAVs for use in the Pakistan Air Force.
 — Exported to in 2014
 — Purchased nine
 — Exported to in 2011, launch customer for Wing Loong II in 2017.

Specifications (Wing Loong I)

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles
Unmanned aerial vehicles of China
V-tail aircraft
Pterodactyl I
Single-engined pusher aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 2009

CAIG Wing Loong


William Thomas Brande FRS FRSE (11 January 178811 February 1866) was an English chemist.

Biography
Brande was born in Arlington Street, London, England, the youngest son of six children to Augustus Everard Brande an apothecary, originally from Hanover in Germany. He was educated first in Kensington and then in Westminster.

After leaving Westminster School, he was apprenticed, in 1802, to his brother, an apothecary, with the view of adopting the profession of medicine.

He studied medicine at Great Windmill Street Medical School and at St George's Hospital, before being drawn to chemistry following a meeting with Humphry Davy. He then began to lecture in chemistry, based on a sound knowledge of which he acquired in his spare time.

In 1811 he published the first of what were to be two very influential articles on the measurement of alcohol in fermented drinks, including wine, cider and ale. Until that point chemists had only been able to measure alcohol in distilled drinks (brandy, gin etc.), which many early temperance reformers had assumed to be a poison. By showing that alcohol was present in fermented drinks from the start (rather than being a by-product of the distillation process), Brande undermined the long-standing view that spirits were toxic, while wine and beer were more wholesome. These findings were later propagated by the Temperance movement and used to justify total alcoholic abstinence, or teetotalism.

In 1812 he was appointed professor of chemistry to the Apothecaries' Society, and delivered a course of lectures before the Board of Agriculture in place of Sir Humphry Davy, whom in the following year he succeeded in the chair of chemistry at the Royal Institution, London. In 1821 he was the first to isolate the element lithium, which he did by electrolysis of lithium oxide.

From about 1823 onwards, Brande worked increasingly with the Royal Mint, eventually becoming Superintendent of the Coining and Die Department.

Brande's Manual of Chemistry, first published in 1819, enjoyed wide popularity, and among other works he brought out a Dictionary of Science, Literature and Art in 1842. He was working on a new edition when he died at Tunbridge Wells.

He contributed articles to Rees's Cyclopædia on Chemistry, but the topics are not known.

Lectures
In 1834, 1836, 1839, 1842, 1844, 1847 and 1850 Brande was invited to deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on Chemistry; Chemistry of the Gases; The Chemistry of the Atmosphere and the Ocean; The Chemistry of the Non-Metallic Elements; The Chemistry of the Gases; The Elements of Organic Chemistry and The Chemistry of Coal respectively.

Publications
Outlines of Geology (1817)
Manual of Chemistry (1819)
Manual of Pharmacy (1825)
Dictionary of Materia Medica (1839)
Dictionary of Science, Literature and Art (1842)
Organic Chemistry (1854)

Family
He married Anna Frederica Hatchett, daughter of the eminent chemist Charles Hatchett in July 1818.

Death
Brande died in Tunbridge Wells in 1866, and is buried in West Norwood Cemetery, London (grave 1177, square 98).

References

Sources
 Obituary – from Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, volume XVI, 1868, pages ii – vi (at end of volume)

 Material on Brande's life and death  by Frank James

1788 births
1866 deaths
Scientists from London
English chemists
Recipients of the Copley Medal
People educated at Westminster School, London
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
18th-century English people
19th-century English people
Fellows of the Royal Society

William Thomas Brande


Rabi Ray (26 November 1926 – 6 March 2017) was an Indian socialist politician, a Gandhian, a speaker of the Lok Sabha and a former Union minister. He hailed from Odisha. He joined the Socialist Party in 1948, and later became member of the Samyukta Socialist Party, the Janata Party and the Janata Dal.

Early life
Ray was born on 26 November 1926 at Bhanaragarh village in the Puri district of Orissa, He earned his B.A. Honours in History from the Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and later studied law at the Madhusudan Law College in Cuttack. He was married to Dr. Saraswati Swain, a medical doctor, who later became a professor at SCB Medical College, Cuttack. Being a socialist and forward looking, Ray never expected his wife to change her surname after marriage. She stood beside him as a source of inspiration in political career.

Political career
Before joining active politics Rabi Ray was a freedom fighter. In early 1947, when he was studying history in Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, he was arrested by the British Army in connection with the unfurling of the tricolor Indian flag in Ravenshaw College. At the end of the day, the British Government had to give in to students' demands for the unfurling the tricolor Indian flag in educational institutions, though the country was still under foreign rule.

An ardent believer in socialism from his college days, Rabi Ray joined the Socialist Party as its member in 1948. Due to his innate qualities of leadership and his deep commitment to the socialist cause, he always remained at the forefront of the Socialist movement. During 1953–54, he held the post of the Joint Secretary, All India Samajwadi Yuvak Sabha. In 1956, under the leadership of Ram Manohar Lohia, he founded the Socialist Party in Orissa. He was a member of the National Executive of the Socialist Party during that period. Later, in 1960, he became the General Secretary of the party for about a year.

In 1967, he was elected to the 4th Lok Sabha from Puri constituency in Orissa. In the 4th Lok Sabha, he was the leader of the Parliamentary Group of the Samyukta Socialist Party (SSP). In 1974, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Orissa and he completed his term in Rajya Sabha in 1980. He was the Union minister of Health and Family Welfare in the Morarji Desai Ministry from January 1979 to January 1980.

In 1989, he was re-elected to the 9th Lok Sabha from the Kendrapara constituency in Orissa as a Janata Dal candidate. On 19 December 1989, he was unanimously elected as the Speaker of the 9th Lok Sabha. In 1991, he was re-elected to the 10th Lok Sabha from the same constituency. Rabi Ray, who was empowered with an inherent simplicity and integrity, added to the prestige and dignity of the office of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha through his unbiased approach.

In 1990, when some Janata Dal MPs left Janata Dal to join Chandra Shekhar, Rabi Ray sent notices to them under Anti-defection law. Cabinet Minister Subramanian Swamy threatened Rabi Ray in his chambers to send him to jail, Swamy was reacting to Ray's unwillingness to give 37 Janata Dal (S) MPs more time to explain why some of them should not be disqualified. But Ray unseated those MPs.

Later years and social work
Since 1997, he was associated with a non-political organisation, Lok Shakti Abhiyaan, and spearheaded a people's movement against corruption in high places, excessive centralisation and a decadent consumerist culture. He toured different parts of the country in furtherance of ensuring probity and transparency in all spheres of public life. He was a member of the Citizens Initiative for Peace, a civil society group, and sought to find a peaceful resolution to the problem of Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in India. He regularly contributed articles on contemporary political and social issues to various leading journals in Oriya, Hindi and English.

Awards

 Light Of Truth, 2002 (Rabi Ray, received the award on behalf of the people of India during the closing ceremony of the Tibetan Festival of Compassion on 18 December 2002.)
 Shanti Doot International Award - the honour is conferred by the World Peace Movement Trust India.
 Kalinga Ratna, 2008

References

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External links
Rabi Ray at The Office of Speaker Lok Sabha
 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
Biography of Shri Rabi Ray at Winentrance.com

1926 births
2017 deaths
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
India MPs 1967–1970
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
People from Puri district
V. P. Singh administration
Desai administration
Rajya Sabha members from Odisha
Lok Sabha members from Odisha
Samyukta Socialist Party politicians
Health ministers of India
Janata Dal politicians
Janata Party politicians
People from Kendrapara district
Lok Dal politicians
Janata Party (Secular) politicians
Recipients of the Utkal Ratna Samman

Rabi Ray


The Midtown Woodward Historic District is a historic district located along Woodward Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Structures in the district are located between 2951 and 3424 Woodward Avenue, and include structures on the corner of Charlotte Street (14 Charlotte Street) and Peterboro Street (10 and 25 Peterboro Street). The district was admitted to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

Structures
The district spans two blocks along Woodward Avenue in Midtown Detroit. Significant structures in the district include a number of architect-designed buildings. Some of these are:

Addison Hotel
The Addison Hotel, currently known as the Addison Apartments, is located at 14 Charlotte. The structure, designed by Albert Kahn, was built in 1905 and originally featured 50 luxury apartments that were later changed in the 1920s to accommodate 113 hotel rooms. The hotel originally had a large open penthouse used for gambling and serving liquor during the Prohibition, as well as a hidden tunnel leading to three adjacent store on Woodward Avenue used by the hotel owners as an escape tunnel during the Prohibition. The structure is currently being restored to feature 40 apartments.

Fine Arts Theatre
The Fine Arts Theatre is located at 2952 Woodward. The theatre, with 582 seats, was designed by C. Howard Crane. It opened in 1914 as the Addison, and closed in 1980.

Crystal Ballroom
The Crystal Ballroom is located at 3100 Woodward; the building is currently known as the Crystal Lofts and the current ground-floor tenant is Zacarro's Market. The ballroom was built in 1919. The facade of the original building was altered (likely in 1936 when Woodward Avenue was widened) to add the Art Deco elements apparent on the front. In 2005, the building was redeveloped with retail space on the ground floor and 16 residential units above on the second floor.

Kahn Print Shop
Albert Kahn designed this structure at 3408-3414 Woodward Avenue in 1912; it was built in 1919 as a print shop. After sitting vacant for decades, it has been redeveloped into retail space.

Bonstelle Theatre

Wayne State University's Bonstelle Theatre is located at 3424 Woodward at the north end of the district; it was origally the Temple Beth El. At the turn of the 20th century, Rabbi Leo M. Franklin of Detroit's Temple Beth El led the push for the construction of a new temple building. He hired architect Albert Kahn, a member of the congregation, to design the building. Groundbreaking began on November 25, 1901, with the ceremonial cornerstone laid on April 23, 1902. The first services were held in the chapel on January 24, 1903, and the formal dedication was held on September 18–19 of the same year.

Gallery

See also
List of buildings located along Woodward Avenue, Detroit
Lower Woodward Avenue Historic District
Midtown Detroit
Religious Structures of Woodward Avenue Thematic Resource

References

External links

Addison Apartments
Zaccaro's Market
Crystal Lofts
3408-3414 Woodward - Professional Property Management

Historic districts in Detroit
Neighborhoods in Detroit
Woodward Avenue
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit

Midtown Woodward Historic District


Francis Patrick Salemme (August 18, 1933 – December 13, 2022), sometimes spelled Salemmi, also known as "Cadillac Frank" and "Julian Daniel Selig", was an American mobster from Boston, Massachusetts who became a hitman and eventually the boss of the Patriarca crime family of New England before turning government witness.

Early years

Salemme became acquainted with Patriarca family mobster Anthony Morelli in 1957 while in prison. He started working with Morelli in criminal activities after getting out of prison, and he quickly gained stature in the Patriarca family as an associate – although he could not become a made man or full member. Patriarca boss Raymond Patriarca respected Salemme for his obedience to the family and his skill as a money maker, but he only allowed full-blooded Italians to become made men, and Salemme was part Irish from his mother Anne Salemme (née Haverty).

During the early 1960s, Salemme participated in the Irish gang wars in Boston. Testifying before Congress in 2003, Salemme admitted to murdering numerous rival gang members in Charlestown, Massachusetts:

The Hugheses, the McLaughlins, they were all eliminated, and I was a participant in just about all of them, planned them and did them.

In 1968, Salemme arranged the car bombing of John Fitzgerald, a lawyer representing Patriarca mob informant Joseph Barboza. The point of the attack was to scare Barboza into not testifying against Raymond Patriarca and other mob leaders. Fitzgerald survived the attack, but lost his left leg. It was later established in testimony by several witnesses and confirmed by the U.S. House of Representatives Organized Crime unit investigation that Salemme was involved in the bombing, but did not carry it out. After the unsuccessful attack, Salemme went into hiding. He remained a fugitive until 1972, when he was captured by FBI agent John Connolly in Manhattan. He was convicted and sentenced to prison for 16 years.

During the trial of retired FBI agent John Connolly, Salemme denied murdering a nightclub owner named Steven DiSarro in 1994. Two years later, however, Steve Flemmi was immunized and told U.S. attorneys Fred Wyshak and Brian Kelly that he saw Salemme participate in the murder. Salemme went back to jail when he was finished testifying against Connolly, and there he bragged to a fellow inmate that the prosecutors had coached him to commit perjury and that he had committed so much perjury that he should be sentenced to jail for a hundred years. The inmate was an informant who wrote down his confession and it is memorialized in law enforcement reports. Instead of charging Salemme with the murder of DiSarro, Wyshak and Kelly merely charged him with perjury and obstruction. A secret plea bargain was struck and he was sentenced to little more than time already served.

Mob rivalry

In 1986, family boss Jerry Angiulo had been sent to prison on racketeering charges, leaving a power vacuum in the Patriarca family. In previous years, Salemme had forged strong ties to Whitey Bulger and the mostly Irish Winter Hill Gang. Salemme was especially close to Bulger's lieutenant Steve Flemmi (who by this time had been a federal informant for ten years). In early 1989, soon after his release from prison, Salemme attempted to gain control of the Patriarca family. Patriarca caporegime Joseph Russo opposed Salemme's move, fearing the loss of his lucrative rackets. In June 1989, Angelo "Sonny" Mercurio, a Russo loyalist, lured Salemme to a meeting outside a Saugus, Massachusetts IHOP. Gunmen then ambushed Salemme, wounding him in the chest and leg. The feud between Salemme and Russo continued until John Gotti, the boss of the New York Gambino crime family, brokered a peace agreement. Under the agreement, Salemme loyalist Nicholas Bianco became boss and Russo became consigliere. By 1991 Salemme, with the support of Bulger and Flemmi, had become the de facto boss of the Patriarca family.

Sting operation

During the 1990s, at the urging of Frank Salemme, Jr., Frank, Sr. started extorting money from a film crew that wanted to avoid paying high salaries to union workers while filming in Boston and Providence, Rhode Island. As it turned out, the film crew was actually a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) front. These events were highly fictionalized in the 2004 film The Last Shot. At the end of the operation, Frank, Sr. was arrested in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and charged with racketeering, crossing state lines for criminal activity, extortion, conspiracy, and loansharking.

Government informant

In January 1995, Salemme was indicted on racketeering charges along with Bulger and Flemmi. Salemme was convicted and sentenced to 11 years' imprisonment. In 1999, while serving his racketeering sentence, Salemme learned that both Bulger and Flemmi had been FBI informants for many years, and that both men had provided information on Salemme to their FBI handlers. Salemme now agreed to provide the government with information on the FBI handling of Bulger and Flemmi. Salemme's testimony would help convict Connolly, the same man who had arrested him 20 years earlier in New York, on racketeering charges.

In 2003, in return for assisting the government, Salemme was released early from prison and brought into the federal witness protection program. Shortly after his release, Salemme appeared before a Congressional committee to testify on the Connolly case.

2018 murder conviction
On June 22, 2018, Salemme was convicted of the murder of 43-year-old Steven A. DiSarro, who disappeared in May 1993. DiSarro's remains were unearthed from behind a mill-turned-apartments in Wanskuck, Providence, Rhode Island, on March 31, 2016. Patriarca mob associate William Ricci, who owned the apartment complex, faced gun and drug charges after authorities found over 1,400 marijuana plants and a stolen handgun at the property around August 2015; three weeks after a plea deal was worked out, the remains were recovered at the property. Judge Allison D. Burroughs sentenced Salemme and former Patriarca crime family associate and accomplice, Paul Weadick, to life in prison on September 13, 2018. According to former Winter Hill Gang member and Whitey Bulger associate, Stephen Flemmi, Salemme stood by and watched as his son strangled DiSarro while Weadick held his legs. According to authorities, Salemme believed DiSarro was informing on him after he was contacted by authorities in the investigation of Salemme's illegal activity within The Channel nightclub. Assistant U.S. Attorney Fred Wyshak said that Salemme admitted to murdering eight people during the 1960s, and was suspected of involvement in six additional murders in the early 1990s.

Salemme was later held at the United States Medical Center for Federal Prisoners.

Personal life and death
Salemme's namesake son, Francis "Frankie Boy" Salemme Jr, died of AIDS-related leukemia in 1995.

On December 13, 2022, Frank Salemme died at MCFP Springfield, at the age of 89.

References

External links
Boston Globe profile of Francis Salemme
Boston.com Local News Man who helped bug the mafia dead at 70
 Americanmafia.com: Mob War in Beantown II by Allan May
The Chicago Syndicate: "Cadillac Frank" Salemme Gets Five Years in Prison

1933 births
2022 deaths
Gangsters from Boston
People from Weymouth, Massachusetts
American gangsters of Irish descent
American gangsters of Italian descent
Mafia hitmen
Patriarca crime family
American crime bosses
People who entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program
Federal Bureau of Investigation informants
Gangsters sentenced to life imprisonment

Frank Salemme


Hildenbrandiales is an order of crustose forms red alga which bear conceptacles and produce secondary pit-connections. They reproduce by vegetative gemmae as well as tetrasporangia, which are produced inside the conceptacles.  The way in which the tetraspores are produced is unusual enough to justify the formation of this distinct order.
Some members of the order are known from freshwater rivers as well .

Systematics
Hildenbradiales are difficult to discriminate on morphological grounds; tetrasporangia morphology is the only vaguely reliable character, but molecular techniques have indicated a monophyletic Apophlaea within a paraphyletic Hildenbrandia, with many Hildenbrandia species being recognized as non-monophyletic.

References

Florideophyceae
Red algae orders

Hildenbrandiales


Abram Salmon Benenson (1914 – December 15, 2003) was an authority in public health, preventive medicine, military medicine, and "shoe-leather" epidemiology. He was best known as the editor-in-chief (1970 to 1995) for the Control of Communicable Diseases Manual of the American Public Health Association. His tenure as editor was so lengthy that the manual was often known as the "Benenson Book".

Biography
Benenson graduated from Cornell Medical School in New York City and interned for 3 years before entering the U.S. Army Medical Corps. He earned board certifications in pathology, preventive medicine and public health, and microbiology. His military career included assignments as commanding officer, Tropical Research Medical Laboratory in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and as director of Experimental Medicine, Camp Detrick, Maryland; of Division of Communicable Disease and Immunology at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR); of the Pakistan–Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) Cholera Research Laboratory in Dacca, Bangladesh, and of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama. He retired from the military in 1962 as a colonel.

Benenson then served on numerous commissions and committees throughout his long civilian career, for which his expertise in smallpox, cholera, vaccines, and biological warfare was utilized to make public health policy decisions at both state and federal levels. Highlights of his 60-year medical career included involvement in the eradication of smallpox (1979); the development of the jet injector for vaccines and of oral rehydration for the victims of debilitating diarrhea; AIDS, cholera, and laboratory technology.  He subsequently held academic positions at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; the Department of Community Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine in Lexington; and the Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Graduate School of Public Health at San Diego State University in California.

Awards and honors
Joseph E. Smadel Memorial lecture (1981)
Commander's Award for Civilian Service (1983)
K. F. Meyer Gold-Headed Cane from the American Veterinary Epidemiological Society (1984).
Distinguished Civilian Service Award (1990)
American Public Health Association's Award for Excellence in (1991)
American Public Health Association's John Snow Award (1992)
The Benenson Distinguished Lecture, inaugurated on 13 April 2007, in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of the Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University will be an annual lecture series at the GSPH.

External links
Obituary

American public health doctors
American epidemiologists
American print editors
American microbiologists
American pathologists
United States Army personnel of World War II
Weill Cornell Medical College alumni
University of Kentucky faculty
San Diego State University faculty
1914 births
2003 deaths
United States Army Medical Corps officers
American expatriates in Pakistan
Scientists from California

Abram Salmon Benenson


Daniel Sunjata Condon (born December 30, 1971) is an American actor who performs in film, television and theater. He is known for his role as Franco Rivera in the FX television series Rescue Me.

Early life and education
Sunjata was born and raised in Evanston, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago. He is the adopted son of Bill and Catherine Condon, a police dispatcher and a civil rights worker. His adoptive parents are of Irish and Italian-German descent. He is named in honor of the Mandinka king Sundiata Keita, founder of the Mali Empire; the name means "hungry lion." He was told his biological mother was a white teenager who had run away from home and his father was African-American. He graduated from Mount Carmel High School in Chicago, where he played linebacker for two state championship football teams. After attending Florida A&M University, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and a Master of Fine Arts from the Graduate Acting Program at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He is of African, German, and Irish descent.

Career
Sunjata played the role of a sailor on shore leave on the first post-9/11 themed episode of Sex and the City. He portrayed poet Langston Hughes in the film Brother to Brother (2004) and James Holt, a fashion designer, in The Devil Wears Prada (2006).

He starred as firefighter Franco Rivera on the television program Rescue Me. During the summer of 2007, he also starred in the ESPN miniseries The Bronx is Burning as Reggie Jackson. He appeared as a Special Forces Operative in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises (2012).

In 2003, he won a Theatre World Award for his breakout Broadway performance as a gay Major League Baseball player who comes out to the public in Take Me Out, the Tony award-winning play, which also earned him nominations for a Tony Award and Drama Desk Award.

In 2010-2011, he played "Nurse Eli" on the TV series Grey's Anatomy and had a relationship with Dr. Miranda Bailey.

Beginning in 2013, he played FBI agent Paul Briggs on Graceland, which aired on USA Network. The show was canceled in 2015 after 3 seasons.

Views on the September 11 attacks

On April 30, 2009, Sunjata announced his participation as narrator in Loose Change 9/11: An American Coup. This was the last in a series of documentaries, collectively known as Loose Change, that argue that the September 11 attacks were planned by the United States government.

Sunjata has said that he believes "absolutely, 100 percent" in this theory. Producers of Rescue Me, inspired by Sunjata's views, created a subplot of the show that year (the show's fifth season) in which Sunjata's character, Franco Rivera, stirs up controversy in the firehouse when he tells these same views to a journalist.

Filmography

Film and TV Movies

Television

Video games

Theater

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
African-American male actors
Male actors from Chicago
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Male actors from Evanston, Illinois
University of Louisiana at Lafayette alumni
American adoptees
American people of Irish descent
American people of German descent
9/11 conspiracy theorists
Theatre World Award winners

Daniel Sunjata


Esperanto, the most used constructed language, has got some traditional symbols during its history.

Green star

The basic symbol of Esperanto is the green five-pointed star. Its five corners represents five continents (according to traditional meaning - Europe, America, Asia, Oceania, Africa), the green color is the symbol of hope. In cases when they use the star outside the flag, they add a letter "E" to it. In Esperanto they call it verda stelo (green star).

Esperanto flag

The esperanto flag has a green background with a white square in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. Esperantists use the flag for representing their language and culture. Swedish esperantist G. Jonson has iniciated use of the green color and the green star. C. Rjabinis and P. Deullin has created final suggestion of the flag in 1893. The green color represents hope and the white color represents peace. In Esperanto they call it Esperanto-flago (Esperanto flag).

Jubilee symbol

During the hundredth (100th) anniversary of Esperanto in 1987, World Esperanto Association has made this special logo. The two (2) inverse rounded letters "E" creates the form representating the Earth. In Esperanto they call it Jubilea simbolo (Jubilee symbol).

Anthem
Esperantists consider the poem La Espero (the hope) by L. L. Zamenhof with music by Félicien Menu de Ménil to be an anthem of Esperanto.

Esperanto
Symbols

Esperanto symbols


Sir John Merrick (1584–1659) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1640 to 1648. He fought in the Parliamentary army in the English Civil War.

Military career
John Merrick joined the 3rd earl of Essex's expedition to Flanders in 1620. In 1624, he fought as a soldier in the Low Countries and fought in Spain in 1625; he was also knighted that year. He fought in the Thirty Years' War under Gustavus Adolphus and was wounded on 17 August 1632 before Maastricht. In 1639-40, he commanded a regiment in the Bishops' Wars. When the Irish rebellion broke out in October 1641, the Commons recommended Sir John for a commission in Ireland.

On the outbreak of the Civil War Merrick was appointed Sergeant-Major-General in the Parliamentary Army commanded by the Earl of Essex. He commanded an infantry regiment Sir John Merrick's Foot, which took part in the Battle of Edgehill. After the Battle of Stratton, Merrick was appointed general of the Artillery, leading them at the Battles of Gloucester and Newbury.

Political career
In April 1640, Sir John was elected Member of Parliament for Newcastle-under-Lyme in the Short Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Newcastle-under-Lyme for the Long Parliament in November 1640. In 1647, he served as assessment commissioner for Pembrokeshire. However, his disapproval of the execution of the king in 1649 led to his retirement during the Interregnum.

Personal life
Sir John is a member of the Meyrick family. He married Alice Fitton of Gawsworth and had a son and two daughters. He later married a widow Jane Wyche, who bore him no children.

Merrick died at the age of 75 and was portrayed in Bush church wearing black armour. This portrait is now located at the family seat of Slebech.

References

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1584 births
1670 deaths
Roundheads
Members of the Parliament of England for Newcastle-under-Lyme
Place of birth missing
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648

John Merrick (MP)