HMS Hibernia was a King Edward VII-class pre-dreadnought battleship of Britain's Royal Navy. Like all ships of the class (apart from HMS King Edward VII) she was named after an important part of the British Empire, namely Ireland. The ship was built by Devonport Dockyard; she was laid down in January 1904, was launched in June 1905, and was completed in December 1906. Armed with a battery of four  and four  guns, she and her sister ships marked a significant advance in offensive power compared to earlier British battleship designs that did not carry the 9.2 in guns.

Commissioned in early 1907, Hibernia served as the flagship of the Rear Admirals of firstly the Atlantic Fleet and then the Channel Fleet. When the latter fleet was reorganised to the Home Fleet, she was based at the Nore. In 1912, Hibernia hosted trials in naval aviation with the temporary addition of a runway to her foredeck, and the first launch of an aircraft from a vessel underway was achieved from her in early May. Later in 1912, after her experiment with aviation was completed, she and her sister ships formed the 3rd Battle Squadron. That year, the squadron went to the Mediterranean Sea during the First Balkan War as part of an international blockade of Montenegro. In 1913, the ship returned to British waters.

The squadron was assigned to the Grand Fleet at the beginning of the First World War, and served on the Northern Patrol. Through 1914 and 1915, the ships frequently went to sea to search for German vessels, but Hibernia saw no action during this period. By the end of the year, the Grand Fleet stopped operating with the older 3rd Battle Squadron ships, and in December 1915, Hibernia was transferred to the Gallipoli Campaign and provided cover for the evacuation from the Gallipoli Peninsula. On returning to the United Kingdom she was again attached to the Grand Fleet before being transferred to Nore Command in May 1916, finishing the war as an accommodation ship. She was decommissioned in 1919 and scrapped in 1922.

Design

Following the development of pre-dreadnought type battleships carrying heavy secondary guns of  diameter in the Italian Regia Marina and the United States Navy, the Royal Navy decided to build similar ships. Initial proposals called for a battleship equipped with eight  guns to support the main battery, though under the direction of William Henry White, the Director of Naval Construction, these were replaced with four  guns. The new ships, though based on the general  type that had formed the basis of the preceding four battleship designs, marked the first significant change in the series. Like all late pre-dreadnoughts that entered service in the mid-1900s, Hibernia was made almost instantaneously obsolescent by the commissioning of the all-big-gun  in December 1906, armed with a battery of ten heavy guns compared to the typical four of most pre-dreadnoughts.

Hibernia was  long overall, with a beam of  and a draft of . The King Edward VII-class battleships displaced  normally and up to  fully loaded. Her crew numbered 777 officers and ratings. The King Edward VII-class ships were powered by a pair of 4-cylinder triple-expansion engines that drove two screws, with steam provided by sixteen water-tube boilers. The boilers were trunked into two funnels located amidships. The King Edward VII-class ships had a top speed of  from .

Hibernia had a main battery of four  40-calibre guns mounted in twin-gun turrets fore and aft. These were supported by a heavy secondary battery of four  guns in four single turrets, two on each broadside. The ships also mounted ten 6-inch 50 calibre guns mounted in casemates, in addition to fourteen 12-pounder  guns and fourteen 3-pounder  guns for defence against torpedo boats. As was customary for battleships of the period, she was also equipped with five  torpedo tubes submerged in the hull; two were on each broadside, with the fifth in the stern.

Hibernia had an armoured belt that was  thick; the transverse bulkheads on the aft end of the belt was  thick. The sides of her main battery turrets were also 8 to 12 in thick, atop 12 in barbettes, and the 9.2 turrets had  sides. The casemate battery was protected with  of armour plate. Her conning tower had 12-inch-thick sides. She was fitted with two armoured decks,  thick, respectively.

Service history

Early career
HMS Hibernia was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 6 January 1904, launched on 17 June 1905, and completed in December 1906. She was the last of the eight King Edward VII-class battleships to be completed. Hibernia was commissioned on 2 January 1907 at Devonport Dockyard for service as flagship of the Rear-Admiral, Atlantic Fleet. She transferred to the Channel Fleet for service as Flagship, Rear-Admiral on 27 February 1907. During this period, William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork, served as her executive officer. In January 1909 she became Flagship, Vice-Admiral commanding. Under a fleet reorganisation on 24 March, the Channel Fleet became the 2nd Division, Home Fleet, and Hibernia became a Home Fleet unit in that division. On 14 July 1910 she was rammed by the barque Loch Trool just after the latter had collided with the battleship Britannia, but Hibernia suffered no noteworthy damage. In January 1912, she was relieved in the Second Division by battleship Orion and was reduced to a nucleus crew in the Third Division at the Nore.

In January 1912, aviation experiments began at Sheerness aboard the battleship Africa, during which the first British launch of an aeroplane – the Short Improved S.27 biplane "S.38" (or "RNAS No. 2") flown by Commander Charles Samson – from a ship took place. Africa transferred her flying-off equipment, including a runway constructed over her foredeck above her forward 12-inch turret and stretching from her bridge to her bows, to Hibernia in May, and Hibernia hosted further experiments. Among these was the first launch of an aeroplane from a warship underway; Commander Samson, again flying "S.38," became the first man to do so. Sources differ on whether the date of the flight was 2 May, 4 May, or 9 May.

Samson took off from Hibernia while the ship steamed at  at the Royal Fleet Review in Weymouth Bay, England. During the fleet review, King George V witnessed a number of flights at Portland over a period of four days. Hibernia then transferred her aviation equipment to battleship . Based on the experiments, the Royal Navy concluded that aircraft were useful aboard ship for spotting and other purposes, but that interference with the firing of guns caused by the runway built over the foredeck and the danger and impracticality of recovering seaplanes that alighted in the water in anything but calm weather more than offset the desirability of having aeroplanes aboard. However, shipboard naval aviation had begun in the Royal Navy, and would become a major part of fleet operations by 1917.

Under a fleet reorganisation in May, Hibernia and all seven of her sisters (Africa, Britannia, Commonwealth, Dominion, Hindustan, King Edward VII, and Zealandia) were assigned to form the 3rd Battle Squadron, which was part of the First Fleet, Home Fleet. Hibernia returned to full commission on 14 May for service as Second Flagship, Rear-Admiral, of the squadron. The squadron was detached to the Mediterranean in November because of the First Balkan War (October 1912 – May 1913); it arrived at Malta on 27 November and subsequently participated in a blockade by an international force of Montenegro and in an occupation of Scutari. The squadron returned to the United Kingdom in 1913 and rejoined the Home Fleet on 27 June.

World War I

With the Grand Fleet

Upon the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, the 3rd Battle Squadron, at the time under the command of Vice Admiral Edward Bradford, was assigned to the Grand Fleet and based at Rosyth, where it was reinforced with the five s, It was used to supplement the Grand Fleet's cruisers on the Northern Patrol, and Hibernia continued her service as Second Flagship of the squadron. On 6 August, the day after Britain declared war on Germany, elements of the Grand Fleet sortied to inspect the coast of Norway in search of a German naval base violating Norwegian neutrality. Hibernia and the rest of the 3rd Battle Squadron provided distant support to the operation. No such base was found, and the ships returned to port the next day. On 14 August, the ships of the Grand Fleet went to sea for battle practice before conducting a sweep into the North Sea later that day and into 15 August. During sweeps by the fleet, she and her sisters often steamed at the heads of divisions of the far more valuable dreadnoughts, where they could protect the dreadnoughts by watching for mines or by being the first to strike them. On 2 November 1914, the squadron was detached to reinforce the Channel Fleet and was rebased at Portland. It returned to the Grand Fleet on 13 November 1914.

On 14 December, the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, 2nd Battle Squadron, and accompanying cruisers and destroyers left port to intercept the German forces preparing to raid Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby. On the first reports of contact with German units on the morning of 16 December, the Grand Fleet commander, Admiral John Jellicoe, ordered Bradford to take the 3rd Battle Squadron to support the ships in contact at 10:00. Four hours later, they met the 1st and 4th Battle Squadrons, en route from Scapa Flow, though they failed to reach the German High Seas Fleet before the latter withdrew. The Grand Fleet remained at sea until late on 17 December, at which point the 3rd Battle Squadron was ordered back to Rosyth. Hibernia and the rest of the squadron joined the Grand Fleet for another sweep into the North Sea on 25 December. The fleet returned to its ports two days later, having failed to locate any German vessels.

The 3rd Battle Squadron went to sea on 12 January 1915 for gunnery training, steaming north and passing to the west of Orkney on the night of 13–14 January. After completing training on the 14th, they returned to Rosyth on 15 January. On 23 January, the 1st and 2nd Battlecruiser Squadrons sortied to ambush the German I Scouting Group in what resulted in the Battle of Dogger Bank the following day. Later on the 23rd, the rest of the Grand Fleet, including Hibernia, sortied to support the battlecruisers. The 3rd Squadron ships left first and steamed at full speed to reach ships of the Harwich Force, which had reported contact with German vessels. The battlecruisers intervened first, and Hibernia and her sisters arrived around 14:00, by which time the battlecruisers had sunk the armoured cruiser  and the surviving German ships had fled. The 3rd Battle Squadron patrolled the area with the rest of the Grand Fleet over the night before being detached at 08:00 on 25 January to steam to Rosyth.

Elements of the Grand Fleet went to sea repeatedly over the next few months. The 3rd Battle Squadron patrolled the central North Sea in company with the 3rd Cruiser Squadron from 10 to 13 March. The two units again went to sea to sweep the central North Sea from 5 to 8 April. A major fleet operation followed on 11 April, with the entire Grand Fleet sortieing for a sweep of the North Sea on 12 and 13 April. The squadrons returned to their ports on 14 April to replenish their fuel. Another such operation followed on 17 April, which also failed to find any German ships. The 3rd Battle Squadron returned to Rosyth late on 18 April. The fleet sortied again on 21 April, returning to port two days later. The 3rd Battle Squadron, joined by the 3rd Cruiser Squadron, patrolled the northern North Sea from 5 to 10 May, during which a German U-boat attacked the battleships but failed to score a hit.

Another sweep into the North Sea took place on 17–19 May, and no German forces were encountered. The fleet went to sea again on 29 May for a patrol south to the Dogger Bank before returning to port on 31 May, again without having located any German vessels. The Grand Fleet spent much of June in port conducting training, but the most modern units went to sea on 11 June for gunnery practice to the northwest of Shetland. While they were training, Hibernia and the rest of the 3rd Battle Squadron, along with the 3rd Cruiser Squadron, patrolled the central North Sea. Fleet activities were limited in July, owing to a threatened strike by coal miners, which began on 18 July and threatened the supply of coal for the fleet's ships. The strike continued into August, which led Jellicoe to continue to limit fleet activities to preserve his stocks of coal. The fleet saw little activity in September, and during this period, the Grand Fleet began to go to sea without the older ships of the 3rd Battle Squadron.

Later operations
In November 1915, a division of the 3rd Battle Squadron consisting of Hibernia (which served as flagship of the division commander, Rear-Admiral Sydney Fremantle) and the battleships Zealandia, Russell, and Albemarle was detached for service in the Dardanelles Campaign. The ships departed Scapa Flow on 6 November 1915; Albemarle suffered heavy damage in a storm on the first night of the voyage and had to return for repairs, assisted by Hibernia and accompanied by Zealandia. Hibernia, Zealandia, and Russell then pressed on and arrived at the Dardanelles on 14 December 1915. Hibernia served as stand-by battleship at Kephalo and covered the evacuation of V and W Beaches at Cape Helles on 8 and 9 January 1916. Among those serving aboard her during this time was Augustus Agar, later V.C. and to become famous for exploits against the Bolsheviks and as captain of the heavy cruiser Dorsetshire in World War II. Later in January, Hibernia was stationed at Milo in case she was needed to cover an evacuation of the French force at Salonika.

Before the end of January, Russell relieved her as divisional flagship, and Hibernia returned to the United Kingdom, being reassigned to the Grand Fleet upon arrival at Devonport Dockyard on 5 February 1916. She underwent a refit there in February and March 1916 before rejoining the Grand Fleet. On 29 April 1916, the 3rd Battle Squadron was rebased at Sheerness, and on 3 May 1916 it was separated from the Grand Fleet, being transferred to the Nore Command.  Hibernia remained there with the squadron until October 1917. In 1917 Hibernias ten 6-inch guns were removed from their casemates because they were flooded in heavy seas and replaced with four 6-inch (152-mm) guns on the higher shelter deck. Six of the removed guns were transferred to the monitor . In October 1917, Hibernia left the 3rd Battle Squadron and paid off into the Nore Reserve at Chatham Dockyard, where she served as an overflow accommodation ship.

In September 1918, the Commander-in-Chief, Grand Fleet, Admiral David Beatty, called for a large target to be provided which would allow the battleships of the Grand Fleet, which had seen little action since the Battle of Jutland in 1916, realistic gunnery practice. To meet this requirement, it was suggested that Hibernia be converted to radio control and undergo other modifications so that she could assume duty as a target ship, but ultimately the pre-dreadnought battleship HMS Agamemnon became available and was selected instead. In July 1919, Hibernia was placed on the disposal list at Chatham, and on 8 November 1921 she was sold for scrapping to Stanlee Shipbreaking Company of Dover. She was resold to Slough Trading Company in 1922, resold yet again to German scrappers, and towed to Germany to be broken up in November 1922.

See also

 List of firsts in aviation

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Maritimequest HMS Hibernia Photo Gallery

King Edward VII-class battleships
Ships built in Plymouth, Devon
1905 ships
World War I battleships of the United Kingdom

HMS Hibernia (1905)


Francesc Victor Garcia () i Ferrandis was an early modern Catalan poet known by the pseudonym of the Vallfogona Rector.  He was born in Zaragoza in 1579 and died in Vallfogona de Riucorb (Conca de Barberà) in 1623. In 1605 he was ordained in Vic.

Early life
Vicent Garcia completed his religious studies in Barcelona. In Vic, where he was ordained, he was the secretary to Bishop Francis Robust. In 1607, Garcia was appointed to the Vallfogona Riucorb rectory, where he remained until 1621. This spell at Vallfogona was followed by appointment to the post of secretary of the Bishop of Girona, Peter Moncada. A year after taking up this post, Garcia obtained a doctorate in theology from the College of St. George and St. Matthias in Tortosa. Vallfogona Riucorb died on September 2, 1623. Barcelona was a central place in Garcia's life. It was a city he visited frequently. In Barcelona, Garcia moved in the literary circle that met Bishop Juan de Moncada in his palace.

Legacy
He cultivated an artful and elegant verse in sonnets and décima form, and also wrote violent satire and obscene or grotesque compositions.  His style was imitated by many Catalan authors of the 18th century, a phenomenon known as "vallfogonisme."  In 1703 a portion of his work was published.  The 1770 edition was banned by the Inquisition. In 1988 Albert Rossich included some of his poems in an anthology of erotic and pornographic Catalan poetry from the 17th century.

Rumors
Vicent Garcia was subject to numerous rumors. One of them was that he visited Madrid in 1622 at the request of King Philip IV. Another baseless belief was that he had a friendship with Lope de Vega. Perhaps the most absurd was the story of his alleged poisoning by Zaragoza courtiers. His literary stature, however, was unquestionable. He is widely accepted as the first great Catalan writer. His works were seminal, creating a literary school that lasted well into the nineteenth century.

Style
Garcia's poetry resembled that of Spanish contemporary poets, especially in terms of the formality and theme. His use of language was particularly unique. He had a predilection for an elegant form of language, and his writings were always laced with irony and literary subjects. It was this characteristic in his work that drew comparisons with Quevedo. Some of Garcia best-known poems are A Lady in A beautiful Black Hair, Epitaph On the Grave Of a Heavy Drinker, and the sonnet Time. As the titles suggest, Garcia was a versatile poet, writing on diverse topics. He was also a playwright, and wrote a play, Comedy in Santa Barbara, to mark the occasion of the inauguration of the chapel of Santa Barbara Vallfogona in 1617.

References

Garcia, Francesc Vicent
Garcia, Francesc Vicent
1579 births
1623 deaths
Catalan-language poets

Francesc Vicent Garcia


The Copicut River, or Copecut River, is a  stream in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.

The river flows south from Copicut Reservoir (formerly the Copicut Swamp), in Dartmouth and Fall River, to Cornell Pond near Hixville in Dartmouth. From there the Shingle Island River drains into Noquochoke Lake, which the East Branch Westport River drains in turn into the Rhode Island Sound.

The river is currently polluted with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination from Re-Solve, Inc., which operated a chemical reclamation facility nearby from 1956 to 1980. In 1983 the Environmental Protection Agency listed the area as a Superfund site, and in 1985 removed  of contaminated soils and sludges. Since 1988 the Massachusetts Department of Public Health has advised against consuming fish from Cornell Pond or Copicut River.

References

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
 9th Annual Cornell Pond Fishing Derby

Rivers of Bristol County, Massachusetts

Copicut River


William Stone  (September 4, 1842 – May 22, 1897) was a nineteenth-century Union Army officer, passionate Unionist, dedicated Freedmen's Bureau agent, self-educated attorney, and Attorney General of South Carolina during a turbulent era.

Parentage
William Stone was born on September 4, 1842, in East Machias, Maine.  He was the son of Laura Poor Stone, an early anti slavery activist, and Thomas Treadwell Stone, a prominent Unitarian pastor, fiery abolitionist, and Transcendentalist.  William's great grandfather, Thomas Treadwell, fought as a minuteman at Bunker Hill.   Laura Poor Stone's brother, Henry Varnum Poor, was one of the founders of the financial rating firm, Standard and Poor's.

Early life
William spent his early boyhood in Salem, Massachusetts, and later in Bolton, Massachusetts, to which his family relocated after his father's militant anti-slavery sermons led his resentful Salem parishioners to reject him.

The Stone family finances were largely exhausted by Harvard University educations for William's two older brothers.  William, however, took full advantage of the limited educational resources available in a small New England town.  During this period he adopted strong anti-slavery views of his own.  He became a consummate diarist beginning with a boyhood diary in 1858, continuing with a detailed wartime diary 1861 through 1865, and concluding with a comprehensive journal of his key role in reconstruction of the post-war South 1866-1868.

His interest in the greater world in which he lived is typified by a letter to his father in late 1860 in which he predicted Lincoln's election as president.  His 18-year-old crystal ball proved murky, however, when in the same letter he predicted with all the assurance of youthful bravado that the "fire eaters of South Carolina" would never follow through on their threat to secede if Lincoln were elected.

Civil War Service
Confederate cannons fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861, and William Stone's boyhood diary records that on May 8 he signed up as an eighteen-year-old volunteer to subdue the Rebellion.  After seven weeks of drilling with other volunteers, he "went into camp" on June 28, 1861, as a private in the Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry Regiment.

Stone fought in major Civil War battles at Savage Station, Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.  After sustaining a severe wound at Antietam, he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant.  Following his third wound at Gettysburg, he was posted to an administrative position in Philadelphia.

Freedmen's Bureau Service
At the close of the war in 1865, Stone elected to stay in the army.  In early 1866, now a brevet Major, he was assigned to the newly created Freedmen's Bureau.  Designed by Congress to bridge the gap between slavery and citizenship for some four million largely illiterate African Americans, the Bureau represented America's first great social engineering project.  As an agent of the Bureau in South Carolina, Stone struggled (against the violent resistance of the planter class and the Ku Klux Klan) to achieve the Bureau's objectives of education, equality in the courts, and fair labor standards for the newly freed slaves.  He frequently presided over provost courts to ensure fair treatment of freedmen in legal disputes, and was instrumental in establishing schools for children of former slaves in his part of South Carolina.

Marriage and Children
In 1869, Major Stone married Mary Taylor, a Quaker from Pennsylvania who had been assigned by the Society of Friends to teach black children in South Carolina.  They proceeded to have two sons, Alfred and Herbert (who went on to become editor and publisher of Yachting and who was instrumental in re-establishing the Bermuda Yacht Races).

Legal and political career
In 1870, Stone resigned from the army and, aided by his extensive self-study, his agile mind, and driving ambition, was certified to practice law in South Carolina.  Following a successful law career in Charleston, he became active in state politics and, in 1876, was appointed by Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain as Attorney General for South Carolina.

Final Years
When Governor Chamberlain's re-election was overturned by Wade Hampton in 1877, Stone returned with his family to the North, and established a highly successful career as an attorney in New York City.  He died in New York City in 1897, and is buried next to his wife in the Quaker Cemetery in Longwood Gardens, Pennsylvania.

Notes

References
Adams, John G. B. Reminiscences of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment. Boston Wright & Potter Printing Company 1899.
Edgar, Walter. South Carolina: A History. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877.  New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Suzanne Stone Johnson, Robert Johnson, introduction by Dr. Lou Falkner Williams, Kansas State University,  Bitter Freedom  William Stone's Record of Service in the Freedmen's Bureau. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2008.
Williams, Lou Falkner. The Great South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials, 1871-1872, Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1996.
Zuczek, Richard.  State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1996

1842 births
1897 deaths
People from East Machias, Maine
People from Salem, Massachusetts
People of the Reconstruction Era
United States Army officers
Union Army officers
South Carolina Attorneys General
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
People of Maine in the American Civil War
People from Bolton, Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians

William Stone (attorney)


A fly (short for fly-front) is an opening on the crotch area of trousers, closed by a zipper (often), or buttons. On men's garments the fly always opens to the right. On women's garments it may open either to the left or to the right.

A fly can also be on other garments, like the paletot coat of the 20th century, where it is the front opening that can be secured close and is covered hidden by fabric.

History

Trousers have varied historically in whether or not they have flies. Originally, trousers did not have flies or other openings, being pulled down for sanitary functions. The use of a codpiece, a separate covering attached to the trousers, became popular in 16th-century Europe, eventually evolving into an attached fall-front (or broad fall).  The fly-front (split fall) emerged later.

References

Textile closures

Fly (clothing)


This article lists political parties in Sierra Leone.
Sierra Leone has a multi-party system, with two or three strong political parties and a third party that is electorally successful.

Parties

Parliamentary parties

Other parties
 Coalition for Change (C4C)
 Grand Alliance Party (GAP)
 National Alliance Democratic Party (NADP)
 National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
 National Grand Coalition (NGC)
 National Unity and Reconciliation Party (NURP)
 Peace and Liberation Party (PLP)
 People's Democratic Party (PDP)
 People's Movement for Democratic Change (PMDC)
 Republic National Independent Party (ReNIP)
 Revolutionary United Front (RUF)
 Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP)
 United National People's Party (UNPP)
 Unity for National Development (UND)
 Unity Party (UP)
 Young People's Party (YPP)

Ethnic groups and national politics

The largest contest within Sierra Leone's political culture centres upon the competition between the ethnic Temne in Sierra Leone's north-west, and the Mende in Sierra Leone's south-east.

The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP). The majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress (APC).

See also
 Politics of Sierra Leone
 List of political parties by country

References

Sierra Leone

Political parties
Political parties
Sierra Leone

List of political parties in Sierra Leone


Melissa Roxburgh (born December 10, 1992) is a Canadian and American actress. She is known for her roles in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (2011) and Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (2012), Supernatural (2014), The Marine 4: Moving Target (2015), Star Trek Beyond (2016), Valor (2017–2018), Mindcage (2022), and as Michaela Stone in the NBC/Netflix science fiction drama series Manifest (2018–2023).

Early life
Roxburgh is the second oldest of four children; she has two sisters (Kristie and Ashley) and one younger brother (Matt). Her father, Cam, is a Canadian pastor, and her mother, Shelley Walpole, is a British retired professional tennis player. Her parents, after moving to Canada from the United States, founded a church in Vancouver. After graduating from high school, Roxburgh began pursuing acting in Vancouver. Roxburgh is an alumna of the William Esper Studio.

Career
She landed her first major role in Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules as Rachel. She went on to also appear in the second sequel of Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Dog Days, but as a different character, Heather Hills. Her other work in films has included Big Time Movie, Jeni in Leprechaun: Origins, and Ensign Syl in Star Trek Beyond. Her television work has included the Supernatural spinoff, Bloodlines, and Thea in The CW's drama series, Valor.

Roxburgh portrays Michaela Stone in the NBC series Manifest, which premiered on September 24, 2018. On August 28, 2021, it was announced that Manifest will return for a fourth and final season on Netflix.

In 2022, Roxburgh starred as detective Mary Kelly in the serial killer movie Mindcage, alongside Martin Lawrence and John Malkovich.

Personal life
Roxburgh has a passion for travel. Growing up, her family visited Africa, Europe and South America, which began Roxburgh's interest in social justice issues. She currently serves as a GenR Leader for the International Rescue Committee (IRC), which assists people in extreme humanitarian crises. Prior to her work on Manifest, Roxburgh studied communications at Simon Fraser University in hopes of becoming a journalist. In 2018 she began a relationship with colleague J.R. Ramirez, whom she met on the set of the NBC/Netflix series Manifest. The two briefly split in 2021, only to get back together in 2022.

Filmography

References

External links

1992 births
21st-century American actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Vancouver
American film actresses
American people of British descent
American people of Canadian descent
American television actresses
Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States
Canadian film actresses
Canadian people of British descent
Canadian television actresses
Living people
Simon Fraser University alumni
William Esper Studio alumni

Melissa Roxburgh


Chickenhare and the Hamster of Darkness is a 2022 computer-animated adventure comedy film produced by nWave Pictures, written by David Collard and directed by Benjamin Mousquet (in his directorial debut) and Ben Stassen; it is based on the graphic novel Chickenhare by Chris Grine. The film follows the adventures and coming-of-age journey of Chickenhare, a one-of-a-kind hero born half chicken and half hare, who is eager to fit in and become an adventurer despite his differences. It is one of Brad Venable's final film roles.

Plot

Twenty years ago, hare brothers Peter and Lapin are on a quest to find the mystical Hamster of Darkness, to no avail. However, they find a chicken-hare hybrid baby whom Peter adopts and names Chickenhare. As he grows up, Chickenhare is enamored with plans to follow his father's footsteps.

In the present day, Chickenhare attempts to pass the Royal Adventure Society trials to become an adventurer, but his disguise used to cover his chicken features weighs him down, causing him to fail the test. Undeterred, he decides to search for the Hamster of Darkness to prove himself as an adventurer and visits Lapin, who has been imprisoned after attempting to overthrow Peter as King of Featherbeard but has information on the artifact. Lapin escapes using one of Chickenhare's feathers and sets off with a crew of prisoners to find the artifact as well. Determined to stop Lapin, Chickenhare, joined by his tortoise servant Abe, follow him.

The duo arrive at a desert city to find a guide to get through the Desert of Death but are intercepted by two of Lapin's goons. The pair are rescued by skunk explorer Meg, who agrees to guide them through the desert.

The group is later captured in a bamboo forest by Pigmies, tribal pig-like creatures who mistake Chickenhare for a god and the leader commands them to prepare a feast, to which meg replies "See, Me problem". the pigmies cage meg, Chicken hare and Abe. Abe remarks that the pigmies know how to throw a sacrifice. While caged, Chickenhare blames his appearance on his misfortune, but Meg snaps him out of it by telling how she embraced her skunk nature in the past and encourages Chickenhare to do the same as they continue their journey.

At the Frosty Mountains, Chickenhare, Meg, and Abe enter the temple and go through three trials to find the Hamster of Darkness, instead discovering an ice scepter in the tomb of the long-extinct hamsters. Lapin and his crew arrive and take the scepter, summoning the hamsters' ghosts to take over Featherbeard and leaving the trio stranded in the temple. Meg reminds Chickenhare how his unusual features led them to the temple, and he uses his innate flight abilities to save Meg and Abe and catch up to Lapin.

Back in Featherbeard, Lapin has taken over the kingdom with the help of the ghost hamsters. With the help of Abe and Meg, Chickenhare gets the scepter back from Lapin, but the scepter's power only responds to the one who first uses it. Chickenhare decides to destroy it and goes to the Royal Adventure Society testing grounds, hoping to drop the scepter into the massive pit beneath the area. After a battle, Chickenhare and Lapin battle for the scepter and fall into the pit. Chickenhare saves himself by flying away, while Lapin falls to his demise. With the scepter destroyed, the ghost hamsters disappear, and Lapin's henchmen are arrested.

Afterward, Chickenhare decides to become an independent adventurer with Meg and Abe, while Peter gives him his treasured golden machete as a sign of support.

Voice cast
 Jordan Tartakow as Chickenhare, a half-hare and half-chicken who aspires to be an adventurer
 Joey Lotsko as Abe, a sarcastic Galápagos tortoise who is Chickenhare's servant and best friend
 Laila Berzins as Meg, a martial artist striped skunk and expert adventurer who offers to guide Chickenhare and Abe on their quest
 Brad Venable and Chris McCune as Peter, Chickenhare's adoptive hare father who is both the ruler of the kingdom of Featherbeard and an idolized explorer
 Danny Fehsenfeld as Lapin, Chickenhare's uncle, a greedy and manipulative hare who dreams of ruling over Featherbeard
 Joseph Camen as Luther, a paternal mountain gorilla and Lapin's long-time henchman
 Dino Andrade as Barry, a Mandarin duck who is Lapin's sidekick
 Cedric Williams and Marcus Griffin as Lance and Whitey, a chicken and a hare respectively who are the cool kids of Featherbeard and bully Chickenhare for his appearance

Production

Development
In July 2011, it was announced that Sony Pictures Animation and Dark Horse Comics were adapting the Chickenhare series into an animated feature film. In October 2012, Grine wrote on the official Chickenhare Facebook page: "Read the screenplay last night. It's quite a bit different from the source material, but that doesn't mean it wasn't terrific! I honestly enjoyed it. Now let's hope it stays on course!" In June 2013, he wrote: "Finally got to read the 2nd draft of the Chickenhare screenplay. Man, if this thing makes it to the big screen, you guys in are in for a treat! It's SO full of adventure and laughs I almost can't believe it. Let's all cross our fingers." In January 2016, Grine wrote on his Twitter account that the film had been cancelled.

In early 2021, nWave Pictures president and CEO Matthieu Zeller announced through Variety that Sony Pictures International Productions was partnering with film director Ben Stassen on nWave's new animated feature film. Chickenhare and the Hamster of Darkness is based on the graphic novels created by Chris Grine and published by Dark Horse comics. Its screenplay, on the other hand is the work of Dave Collard with rewritings by Stassen and Benjamin Mousquet.

The production of Chickenhare started in late 2019 and was completed in early January 2022. It took three years of work with over 200 people involved in the production of the film. Benjamin Mousquet, who made his directorial debut with Stassen after working at the studio as an animator for many years, was immediately drawn to the film's themes of inclusion and friendship. Both directors enjoyed including references to franchises like Indiana Jones.

Music
The pop-rock trio Puggy composed the score for the film, continuing their collaboration with nWave Pictures after The Son of Bigfoot and Bigfoot Family. For this film, the band broke away from its signature pop sound and explored a whole new style with the help of a classical musician, Pavel Guerchovitch.

Release
Chickenhare and the Hamster of Darkness world premiere took on January 23 at the Gaumont Champs-Élysées theater in Paris, later the film opened on February 16 in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. It garnered 170.697 admissions on its first weekend in France and grossed a box office of €191 083 on its opening weekend in Belgium.

The film was released by Netflix in the United States and other territories on June 10, 2022.

Critical reception
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 60% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 5.8/10.

References

External links

2022 computer-animated films
2022 directorial debut films
2022 films
2020s French animated films
Animated films about rabbits and hares
Animated films based on American comics
Belgian animated films
Belgian children's films
English-language Netflix original films
Films based on Dark Horse Comics
Films directed by Ben Stassen
French animated feature films
French children's films
2020s French-language films
2020s English-language films

Chickenhare and the Hamster of Darkness


"Forest of the Dead" is the ninth episode of the fourth series of the British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It was first broadcast by BBC One on 7 June 2008. It is the second of a two-part story; the first part, "Silence in the Library", aired on 31 May.

In the episode, the time-travelling temp Donna Noble (Catherine Tate) is trapped inside a virtual reality in a planet-sized library's hard drive in the 51st century and has false memories implanted of a married life. At the same time, another time traveller, the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant), seeks to rescue Donna, and thousands of other humans saved inside the library hard drive while being pursued by the microscopic swarm called Vashta Nerada. The episode also features the death of River Song (Alex Kingston), an archaeologist who has a close relationship with the Doctor, but because of the non-linearity of this partnership, the Doctor in the episode has only just met River.

Plot
The Tenth Doctor, River, Strackman Lux, and the remainder of their team flee the microscopic Vashta Nerada on a planet-sized Library. Other team members are consumed by the Vashta Nerada, their space suits animated by the swarms. During a respite, Lux explains that the Library was constructed by his grandfather for Lux's aunt, Charlotte, who was diagnosed with an incurable disease at a young age. Lux's grandfather had a giant computer constructed at the core of the Library to allow Charlotte's mind to live on among the collected works of humankind. The Doctor realises Charlotte's mind is struggling to cope after "saving" the thousands of patrons by transferring their physical forms to the computer core 100 years ago when the Vashta Nerada attacked.

Within the simulation of a contemporary Earth village, Donna is tended to by Dr Moon (an avatar of the virus checker program) and introduced to Lee, whom she marries. Aware that time is skipping, Donna is alerted by Miss Evangelista, one of River's team members killed by the Vashta Nerada, that she is in a simulation.

In the core, the Doctor learns from the Vashta Nerada their forests were used to create the books of the Library. They now claim the Library as their own. The Vashta Nerada allow the Doctor one day to free the people trapped in the computer core, including Donna, after which the Library will belong to them. The Doctor prepares to hook himself to the computer terminal to provide the extra memory required to download everyone, aware this will likely kill him. River knocks him out and takes his place, insisting that the Doctor's death now would prevent her meeting him in her own past.

The patrons stored inside the computer rematerialise on the Library surface, where they teleport away to safety. Lee is unable to call out to Donna as he leaves. As the Doctor and Donna leave behind River's diary and sonic screwdriver, the Doctor wonders why his future self would give River his screwdriver. He finds a data recorder inside the mechanism which has preserved River's thought pattern. The Doctor saves her pattern to the core. River wakes up in the Earth simulation and is greeted by Charlotte and River's team members who had fallen victim to the Vashta Nerada. Charlotte assures her that the simulation is now a "good place" where she will be safe as the Doctor fixed the data core.

Continuity
According to Steven Moffat, the squareness gun used by Professor River Song to help the party escape from the Vashta Nerada at the beginning of the episode is intended to be the same sonic blaster that was used by Jack Harkness in the episode "The Doctor Dances". Moffat suggests that it was left in the TARDIS after "The Parting of the Ways", and taken by River Song in the Doctor's future. The name "squareness gun" was coined by Rose Tyler in the earlier episode.

Production

Writing
"Forest of the Dead" was initially announced under the title "River's Run", before its name was changed relatively late in production. Josh and Ella, Donna's two children in the computer-generated world, were named after Steven Moffat's son and his son's friend.

Casting
For the role of River Song, whom producer Russell T Davies describes as "sort of the Doctor's wife", the production sought to cast Kate Winslet. One of Winslet's first acting roles was in the BBC teen drama Dark Season, written by Davies. The role of River Song eventually went to Alex Kingston, about whom Davies said, "I bloody love her!"

The role of Strackman Lux went to Steve Pemberton, who is best known for his work as a member of The League of Gentlemen. He also appeared in Blackpool with David Tennant.

Filming
Several scenes from this episode and "Silence in the Library" were filmed at Swansea's Brangwyn Hall. These include the library reception area where the TARDIS arrives, and the staircase where the Doctor and Donna look out over the empty library. The climactic scenes of the episode (in the library core) were filmed in an electrical substation of a disused Alcoa factory in Waunarlwydd, Swansea. Other scenes were filmed at the Old Swansea Central Library.

Scenes set in CAL's databanks were filmed at Dyffryn Gardens, St Nicholas.

The wedding dress Catherine Tate wears in this episode is the same dress she wore in "The Runaway Bride".

Reception
Forest of the Dead was watched by 7.84 million viewers, giving it a 40% audience share; the highest in Series Four and the highest in its timeslot. The episode received an Appreciation Index score of 89 (considered "Excellent"), one of the highest figures the new series had received to date, alongside "The Parting of the Ways", "Doomsday" and the preceding episode "Silence in the Library".

This episode, along with "Silence in the Library", was nominated for a Hugo Award in the Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form category.

See also
Simulated reality

References

External links

2008 British television episodes
Television episodes written by Steven Moffat
Tenth Doctor episodes
Fiction set in the 6th millennium
Works set in libraries

Forest of the Dead


Mark Donaldson is an Australian soldier who was given the first Victoria Cross for Australia. The is the highest medal for bravery for people in the Australian Defence Forces, replacing the Victoria Cross. He is the 97th Australian to be given the highest bravery award, and the first for 40 years.

Donaldson was given the award by the Governor General of Australia, Quentin Bryce, on January 16, 2009. The ceremony was at Government House in Canberra. Donaldson had risked his life to save nine wounded Australian soldiers and an Afghan interpreter. They had been in a group of vehicles travelling in the Uruzgan Province in Afghanistan in September, 2008. They had been hurt when the Taliban attacked them.

Early life
Mark Donaldson was born on 2 April, 1979 at Waratah, New South Wales. He grew up in the small town of Dorrigo, New South Wales. He went to Dorrigo High School. After finishing high school, Donaldson went to an art college in Sydney. He then worked at a number of different jobs in Australia and overseas.

In 1999 his mother, Bernadette, was listed as a missing person. The police believe she has been murdered.

Military career
Donaldson joined the Australian Army on 18 June 2002.  He trained at Army Recruit Training Centre, Kapooka, NSW. He won prizes as the best shot and best at physical training in his platoon. Sent to the Royal Australian Infantry Corps he then did more training at Singleton, NSW, where he again won prizes for shooting and physical training, and also as the best soldier in his platoon.  He was then posted to 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, based at Townsville, Queensland.

From February to April 2004 Donaldson did the Special Air Service training course, and was posted to I Troop, 3 Special Air Service Squadron in May 2004.  He has served in East Timor, Iraq (Operation Falconer) and Afghanistan (Operation Slipper).  During his time in Afghanistan he was slightly wounded on 12 August 2008.

The medal
A week after being given the medal, Donaldson loaned his VC and other medals to the Australian War Memorial where they will be placed on public show.

References

1979 births
Living people
Victoria Cross winners
Australian military people
People from New South Wales

Mark Donaldson


Ben Pepper (born 15 July 1975) is a retired Australian basketball player, who played twelve seasons in the National Basketball League.

Professional career
Ben Pepper, a  center began his pro career in the NBL with the Newcastle Falcons in the 1996 NBL season. After an impressive debut season he would go on to win the NBL's Most Improved Player and the NBL's Sixth Man of the Year awards in 1997.

Pepper then decided to try his luck with the NBA and entered into the 1997 NBA draft. He was selected by the Boston Celtics with the 56th overall pick, one of four Australians drafted that year. Pepper was one of three 7-foot-tall Australian centers selected in the 1997 draft, the others being Chris Anstey and Paul Rogers. A fourth Australian, C. J. Bruton, was also selected in the draft.

The Celtics never signed Pepper and he came back to the NBL and played for the North Melbourne Giants in the 1998 season. After the season the Giants merged with cross-Melbourne rivals the South East Melbourne Magic to become the Victorian Titans where he became one of the most dominant centers in the competition. He narrowly missed out on an NBL championship when the Titans were defeated 2–1 in the 1998–99 NBL grand final series by the Adelaide 36ers.

Pepper signed with the Wollongong Hawks for the 2001–02 NBL season and spent two seasons there before switching back to Victoria to play for the Victoria Giants in 2003–04. When the Giants folded after the 2004 season, he was signed up by the New Zealand Breakers for the 2004–05 and 2005–06 NBL seasons and was named Breakers MVP for the 2005–06 season.

After two seasons in New Zealand, Pepper was signed by the Townsville Crocodiles. In his first year with the Crocs he had the fifth-best field goal percentage in the league, shooting at 58.2%. He retired from the NBL after the 2007–08 season.

Despite being a dominant player in the NBL for numerous years Ben Pepper rarely played for the Australian Boomers. In 1997, he was a member of the gold medal-winning Australian team at the FIBA Under-21 World Championship held in Melbourne.

References

1975 births
Living people
Australian men's basketball players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Boston Celtics draft picks
Centers (basketball)
Newcastle Falcons (basketball) players
New Zealand Breakers players
North Melbourne Giants players
Sportspeople from Geraldton
Townsville Crocodiles players
Victoria Giants players
Victoria Titans players
Wollongong Hawks players
Sportsmen from Western Australia

Ben Pepper


Ernest Wiley Caddel (March 12, 1911 – March 28, 1992) was an American football running back.  He played college football for Glenn "Pop" Warner at Stanford University from 1930 to 1932 and later played six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Portsmouth Spartans (1933) and Detroit Lions (1934–1938).  He helped lead the Detroit Lions to the NFL championship in 1935 and led the NFL in average yards gained per rushing carry for three consecutive years, from 1935 to 1937.  He was also the first player in NFL history to finish among the top 10 players in the league in both rushing and receiving yards, accomplishing the feat in 1934 and again in 1936.  He was known during his football career as the "Blond Antelope."

Early years
Caddel was born in Granite, Oklahoma in 1911 and was raised near Fresno, California.

Stanford
Caddel was given the name "Ee-Dub" after his father's initials E.W., as was the custom in those days. He enrolled at Stanford University in 1929 on a baseball scholarship, having never played football. Stanford would not recognize the initials "E.W," and so Caddel became "Ernie." While attending Stanford, head football coach Glenn "Pop" Warner noticed Caddel's athletic ability and persuaded him to play for the football team.  He played at the halfback position for Stanford from 1930 to 1932.  In November 1931, he drew national attention when he ran for three touchdowns, two on long runs, in a 32-6 victory over Dartmouth.

As a senior in 1932, Caddel starred for Stanford in September and October.  In October 1932, a United Press correspondent wrote: "Ernie Caddel, a rangy fleet-footed halfback, is regarded by many as an All-America candidate.  In every appearance this season he has brought spectators from their seats by his spectacular wide, sweeping runs around the end -- invariably evading tacklers for 15 to 30 yards."  Caddel suffered two broken ribs in a game against Oregon State.  To allow Caddel to play through the injury, Stanford's coach Warner created what has been described as the first flak jacket worn by a running back.  The San Jose News in October 1932 noted that Caddel was wearing a shoulder brace "to permit him to play as long as wind and limib hold out."  Another writer noted, "Pop made a paper pattern one day and the thing that night.  It was an ingenious affair. ... It had steel ribs, but you hardly noticed the weight."
Due to this injury, however, Caddel was unable to play baseball in the spring of his senior year, and he lost his Stanford scholarship. He was then recruited by the Portsmouth Spartans to play professional football in Ohio.

Professional football
After graduating from Stanford, Caddel played professional football in the National Football League for six years from 1933 to 1938.  Caddel was 6 feet, 2 inches, and weighed 190 pounds during his football playing career.  With blonde, curly hair and "a beach-boy tan," he was "a striking figure in the Midwest" and became known as the "Blond Antelope."

Caddel began his professional football career in 1933 with the Portsmouth Spartans in Portsmouth, Ohio.  He ran 82 yards for a touchdown on his first carry for the Spartans.  Caddel accumulated 393 yards from scrimmage for the Spartans in 1933 and scored five touchdowns.  As a rookie, he led the NFL in receiving touchdowns with three and finished second in the league with an average of 5.2 yards per touch.

In 1934, the Spartans were sold, and the new owner moved the team to Detroit, Michigan, and renamed them the Detroit Lions.  Caddel started all 12 games and helped the Lions post a 10-3 record in their inaugural season.  He was among the NFL leaders in 1934 with 655 yards from scrimmage (4th in the NFL), an average of 5.7 yards per touch (4th in the NFL), and 528 rushing yards (5th in the NFL).

As a third-year player, Caddel was both the leading rusher and the leading receiver for the 1935 Detroit Lions team that won the 1935 NFL Championship.   He was also the second leading passer for the 1935 Lions with 169 passing yards.  Caddel also led the NFL in 1935 in all-purpose yards (621), rushing touchdowns (6), yards per rushing attempt (5.2), and yards per touch (6.4).  He also finished second in the NFL with 450 rushing yards.

Caddel remained one of the NFL's leading players in 1936.  He accumulated 730 yards from scrimmage, third best in the NFL, and led the league with an average of 6.6 yards per touch and 6.4 yards per rushing attempt.  His total of 19 pass receptions was also good for third best in the NFL during the 1936 season.

Caddel was the first player in NFL history to finish among the top 10 players in the league in both rushing and receiving yards.  He accomplished the feat in 1934 and again in 1936. The next player to twice rank in the top 10 in both categories was Frank Gifford in 1956 and 1957.

In 1937, Caddel led the NFL for the third consecutive year in yards per rushing attempt with an average of 5.6 yards per carry.

Later years
After retiring from football, Caddel operated an automobile dealership, Caddel Chevrolet, in Roseville, California, for 42 years.  He became known for his charismatic personality and for starring in light-hearted TV commercials" with "The Roseville Gang."  He died due to complications Alzheimer's in Roseville in 1992 at age 81, possibly brought on by head trauma from his years with the Lions.

During his early Spartan years, Caddel met his wife Nell Margaret Gableman, the daughter of Portsmouth's mayor. When they moved to Detroit, during the off-season, Caddel built cars in GM factory. General Motors noted his personality and good looks, and promoted him to sales. They had a daughter, Trudy Frances, and a granddaughter, noted vocalist Connie Champagne née Kelly Brock.

References

1911 births
1992 deaths
People from Greer County, Oklahoma
American football running backs
Stanford Cardinal football players
Portsmouth Spartans players
Detroit Lions players
Sportspeople from Roseville, California
Players of American football from Placer County, California

Ernie Caddel


In set theory, a continuous function is a sequence of ordinals such that the values assumed at limit stages are the limits (limit suprema and limit infima) of all values at previous stages. More formally, let γ be an ordinal, and  be a γ-sequence of ordinals.  Then s is continuous if at every limit ordinal β < γ,

and

Alternatively, if s is an increasing function then s is continuous if s: γ → range(s) is a continuous function when the sets are each equipped with the order topology. These continuous functions are often used in cofinalities and cardinal numbers.

A normal function is a function that is both continuous and increasing.

References
 Thomas Jech.  Set Theory, 3rd millennium ed., 2002, Springer Monographs in Mathematics,Springer,

Set theory
Ordinal numbers

Continuous function (set theory)


Edward Field (born June 7, 1924) is an American poet and author.

Biography
Field was born in Brooklyn, New York City, to a family of Ashkenazi immigrants. He grew up in Lynbrook, Long Island, New York, and, being Jewish, he and his family faced antisemitism and discrimination. He played cello in the Field Family Trio, which had a weekly radio program on WGBB Freeport. He served in World War II in the 8th Air Force in England and France, as a navigator in heavy bombers, and flew 25 missions over Germany. In February 1945 he took part in a raid on Berlin with his B-17. His bomber was crippled by flak and crash-landed in the North Sea. All ten crew members made it into the plane's life rafts, but only seven of them managed to resist till the moment they were rescued by a British air-sea boat hours later.

He began writing poetry during World War II, after a Red Cross worker handed him an anthology of poetry.  In 1963 his book Stand Up, Friend, With Me was awarded the prestigious Lamont Poetry Prize and was published.  In 1992, he received a Lambda Award for Counting Myself Lucky, Selected Poems 1963–1992.

Other honors include the Shelley Memorial Award, a Rome Prize, and an Academy Award for the documentary film To Be Alive, for which he wrote the narration. He received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle in 2005.

In 1979, he edited the anthology A Geography of Poets, and in 1992, with Gerald Locklin and Charles Stetler, brought out a sequel, A New Geography of Poets.

He and his partner Neil Derrick (1931–2018), long-time residents of Greenwich Village, wrote a best-selling historical novel about the Village, The Villagers. They were both artists in residence at Westbeth Artists Community since 1972. Derrick died on January 5, 2018. As of 2018, Field continued to reside at Westbeth.
Field's narrative poem "World War II" is part of "Poets of World War II" anthology, published by the Library of America and edited by Harvey Shapiro.

In 2005 the University of Wisconsin Press published his literary memoirs The Man Who Would Marry Susan Sontag and Other Intimate Literary Portraits of the Bohemian Era, the title of which refers to the writer Alfred Chester.  His most recent book After the Fall: Poems Old and New was published by the University of Pittsburgh Press in 2007.

British editor Diana Athill's Instead of a Book: Letters to a Friend (Granta Books, 2011) is a collection of letters from her to Field chronicling their intimate correspondence spanning more than 30 years.

In 2019, Field's niece Diane Weishe produced the animated film "Minor Accident of War", inspired by his memories of survival during the World War II.  Designed by Piotr Kabat, the film is narrated by Field.

Books

Poetry
 Icarus (1963)
 Stand Up, Friend, With Me (Grove Press, 1963)
 Variety Photoplays (Grove Press, 1967)
 Eskimo Songs and Stories (Delacorte Press, 1973)
 A Full Heart (Sheep Meadow Press, 1977)
 Stars in My Eyes (Sheep Meadow Press, 1978)
 The Lost, Dancing (Watershed Tapes, 1984)
 New And Selected Poems (Sheep Meadow Press, 1987)
 Counting Myself Lucky, Selected Poems 1963–1992 (Black Sparrow, 1992)
 A Frieze for a Temple of Love (Black Sparrow Books, 1998)
 Magic Words (Harcourt Brace, 1998)
 After The Fall: Poems Old and New (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007)

Fiction (with Neil Derrick)
 The Potency Clinic (Bleecker Street Press, 1978)
 Die PotenzKlinik (Berlin: Albino Verlag, 1982)
 Village (Avon Books, 1982)
 The Office (Ballantine Books, 1987)
 The Villagers (Painted Leaf Press, 2000)

Non-fiction
 The Man Who Would Marry Susan Sontag, and Other Intimate Literary Portraits of the Bohemian Era (University of Wisconsin Press, 2006, paperback edition, 2007)
  Kabuli Days: Travels in Old Afghanistan (World Parade Books, 2008)
  Voyage to Destruction: The Moroccan Letters of Alfred Chester (Spuyten Duyvil, 2022)

Anthologies and editorial
 A Geography of Poets (Bantam Books, 1979)
 (with C. Stetler/G. Locklin) A New Geography of Poets (University of Arkansas Press, 1992)
 Editor, Head of a Sad Angel, Stories by Alfred Chester (Black Sparrow, 1990). Introduction by Gore Vidal.
 Editor, Looking For Genet, Essays by Alfred Chester (Black Sparrow Press, 1992)
 Editor, Dancing with a Tiger, Selected Poems by Robert Friend (Spuyten Duyvil, 2003)

Periodicals
Poetry and essays in The New Yorker, New York Review of Books, Gay & Lesbian Review, Partisan Review, The Nation, Evergreen Review, New York Times Book Review, Michigan Quarterly, Raritan Quarterly Review, Parnassus, and Kenyon Review.

Miscellaneous
 Wrote narration for documentary film To Be Alive, which won Academy Award, 1965
 Readings at the Library of Congress, Poetry Center, YMHA, and hundreds of colleges and universities
 Taught poetry workshops at the Poetry Center, YMHA, Sarah Lawrence, Hofstra U.
 Editor of The Alfred Chester Society Newsletter

Awards and honors
 Lamont Poetry Prize (Academy of American Poets), 1962
 Guggenheim Fellowship, 1963
 Shelley Memorial Award (Poetry Society of America), 1974
 Prix de Rome (American Academy of Arts & Letters), 1981
 Lambda Literary Award, 1993
 Bill Whitehead Lifetime Achievement Award (Publishing Triangle), 2005
 W. H. Auden Award (Sheep Meadow Foundation), 2005

References

External links
 Field's website
 Benjamin Ivry, "British Literary Doyenne's Letters to Gay Poet" , The Forward , March 9, 2012
 Interview with Edward Field, September 2016
Edward Field papers held by Special Collections, University of Delaware Library
Edward Field Alfred Chester archives at Special Collections, University of Delaware Library

1924 births
American male poets
Living people
American gay writers
Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry winners
American LGBT poets
Writers from Brooklyn
People from Lynbrook, New York
Gay Jews
Jewish American poets
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American LGBT military personnel
Gay military personnel
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
Shot-down aviators
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Gay poets

Edward Field (poet)


Byron can mean:

People

Surname
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron ("Lord Byron"), a well-known English writer and poet
Beverly Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
Don Byron, an American jazz composer and musician
Fergal Byron, Irish gaelic football player
Goodloe Byron, U.S. Congressman
Henry James Byron, dramatist
John Byron, 1st Baron Byron,  century Royalist
John Byron,  century British explorer and admiral
Kari Byron, member of the MythBusters crew
Katharine Byron, U.S. Congresswoman
Robert Byron,  century British travel writer
Tom Byron, an American pornographic actor and director
William D. Byron, U.S. Congressman

Given name
Byron Black, Zimbabwean tennis player
Byron Cage, an American gospel singer
Byron Dafoe, National Hockey League goaltender
Byron Dorgan, U.S. Senator
Byron Haskin, U.S. film director
Byron Katie, American self-help author and founder of "The Work"
Byron Leftwich, NFL quarterback
Byron Nelson, PGA Tour golfer, nicknamed 'Lord Byron'
Byron White, U.S. Supreme court associate justice
Byron Scott, NBA coach and former player

Fictional characters
Byron Basset, the sleeping puppy from Tiny Toon Adventures
Byron (Babylon 5), a character from the television series Babylon 5
Byron Henry, a character in Herman Wouk's novels The Winds of War and War and Remembrance
Byron, a Gym Leader in the Pokemon Diamond and Pokemon Pearl video games

Places
United States
Byron, California
Byron, Georgia
Byron, Illinois
Byron Township, Ogle County, Illinois
Byron, Maine
Byron, Michigan
Byron Township, Michigan
Byron, Minnesota
Byron Township, Cass County, Minnesota
Byron Township, Waseca County, Minnesota
Byron, New York
Byron, Ohio
Byron, Oklahoma
Byron, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin
Byron, Monroe County, Wisconsin
Byron, Wyoming
Byron Center, Michigan
Byron Nuclear Generating Station in Illinois
Australia
Byron Bay, New South Wales, a coastal town
Canada
Byron, Ontario, a suburb of London
Outer space
Asteroid 3306 Byron

Byron (disambiguation)


Michael Carrington is an American comic writer and voice actor best known for his work on the animated series The Simpsons. He co-wrote the episode "Homer's Triple Bypass" with Gary Apple and has provided occasional voicework, most notably as Sideshow Raheem (Krusty's militant black sideshow partner in the 1970s) in "I Love Lisa", the black comedian who does the joke about black drivers versus white drivers in "Homer and Apu", the drill sergeant in "Simpson Tide," and a sportscaster in "Million Dollar Abie".

Carrington has also written for The Jamie Foxx Show, The Proud Family, and The Gregory Hines Show and did some voice work for The Critic and appeared in the television series Martin and made appearances as the host of the first season of the children's game show Think Fast! and appears as one of the journalists in the film screened in the queue area of the theme park ride Space Mountain. He has been a writer and producer of That's So Raven.

References

External links

Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American television writers
American male television writers
American male voice actors
African-American game show hosts
American game show hosts
African-American screenwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)

Michael Carrington (voice actor)


The 81st running of the Tour of Flanders cycling race in Belgium was held on Sunday 6 April 1997. It was the second leg of the 1997 UCI Road World Cup. Rolf Sørensen won the race, becoming the first Danish winner of the monument classic. The race started in Sint-Niklaas and finished in Meerbeke (Ninove).

Race summary
Peter Van Petegem made the first significant move on Oude Kwaremont, but couldn't force a viable breakaway. On Taaienberg, 50 km from the finish, French star Laurent Jalabert broke away, followed by Dane Rolf Sørensen. Race favourite and world champion Johan Museeuw crashed at the foot of the Berendries climb and was unable to return to the front of the race. Meanwhile, Jalabert was left behind on the Berendries, as Van Petegem and Italians Ballerini and Casarotto joined Sørensen in the front. On the Muur van Geraardsbergen the four front riders were joined by seven others, including sprint specialist Frédéric Moncassin and Andrei Tchmil. In the last 10 km, Moncassin, Sørensen and Ballerini broke away and pushed on to the finish. Sørensen attacked under the one-kilometer banner and powered on to victory. Moncassin outsprinted Ballerini for second place.

Climbs
There were fifteen categorized climbs:

Results

External links
 Recap of the race (Flemish television)

References

Tour of Flanders
Tour of Flanders
Tour of Flanders
Tour Of Flanders
April 1997 sports events in Europe

1997 Tour of Flanders


CodeWeavers is a software company that focuses on Wine development and sells a proprietary version of Wine called CrossOver for running Windows applications on macOS, ChromeOS and Linux. The company was founded in 1996 as a consultancy, eventually moving entirely over to Wine development and support.

CodeWeavers is the principal corporate sponsor of the Wine project, hosts Wine's website, helps sponsor the Wine conference, employs many Wine developers, and is a major code contributor to Wine. CodeWeavers claims that two-thirds of all commits to Wine come from their developers. The company also employs Wine's primary maintainer, Alexandre Julliard, as its CTO. While CodeWeavers main commercial interest in Wine is its use in the Crossover product, they also encourage enhancements to Wine that sometimes compete with Crossover.

CodeWeavers also employs some developers of wine-mono, an open-source reimplementation of Microsoft .NET framework (4.x and earlier) which is intended as a replacement for the .NET Framework in Wine.  Wine-mono is a branch of  Mono which has been tailored to work with Wine.

Since 2016, CodeWeavers has been contracted to work with Valve on Proton, a compatibility layer for running Windows games through Steam on Linux.

CodeWeavers is a founding member of the Desktop Linux Consortium.

CodeWeavers' products and services include CrossOver, PortJump, and ExecMode.

In April 2023, CodeWeavers transitioned to an employee ownership trust. Jeremy White stepped down as CEO and company president James Ramey assumed the role.

CrossOver
For CrossOver, the company originally focused on making the Microsoft Office suite and other supported productivity software available on Linux. When Apple switched to Intel processors in 2006 CodeWeavers was able to create CrossOver Mac and bring Wine to Mac OS X. Other major supported applications include the financial software Quicken and the Steam game client.

Former products include CrossOver Plugin, CrossOver Server and CrossOver Games. Plugin was made to run browser plugins such as Flash and ActiveX in Linux. CrossOver Server was a product designed for multi-user environments. CrossOver Games was introduced in March 2008 and was intended to allow gaming-related patches from Wine to be incorporated into CrossOver much faster. In 2012 all versions have had the server, plugin, and games functionality merged into the primary CrossOver products.

PortJump
CodeWeavers provides porting services (known as PortJump) around Wine. Google has paid CodeWeavers to improve support for Adobe Photoshop and add functionality to Wine.

ExecMode
CodeWeavers provides consulting services (known as ExecMode). These services revolve around writing open-source code for enterprise level clients. The main difference from PortJump is that these services do not use Wine, but instead focus on other open-source technologies.

Great American Lame Duck Presidential Challenge
In July 2008, CodeWeavers launched the Great American Lame Duck Presidential Challenge to encourage President Bush to make the most of his remaining days in office by accomplishing a major economic or political goal by January 20, 2009.

The goals focused on President Bush making specific positive accomplishments in areas such as the economy, home values, the stock market, the war on terror and other key issues. Specifically, one goal called for President Bush to help bring down average gasoline prices in the Twin Cities to $2.79 a gallon.

On October 14, gas prices in Minneapolis and St. Paul fell to $2.79 a gallon, and CodeWeavers honored their pledge giving away their software for free on October 28, 2008. Traffic via Slashdot, Digg, and other sources overloaded and brought down the CodeWeavers website as people rushed to get the free-of-charge software. According to CodeWeavers, "You will be able to unlock your serial number that was emailed to you for an extended time, (an additional 48 hours), due to this downtime. We will simply stop giving out new serial numbers at 23:59 (Midnight) Central Standard Time."

Additionally, CodeWeavers updated their site to reflect the statement: "Please check back again for registration code information later today. We will be deploying a streamlined serial code generation process shortly." At the same time, they also added an "about Wine" paragraph.

The streamlined process came to pass, but customers were told to expect to wait "several days" to receive their serial number. In the interim, fully unlocked (full builds) of four different CodeWeavers packages became available for immediate download, but only on October 28, 2008.

References

External links

 Jeremy White interview (2004) (Mad Penguin)

1996 establishments in Minnesota
1996 establishments in the United States
American companies established in 1996
Companies based in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Companies established in 1996
Linux companies
Proprietary commercial software for Linux
Software companies based in Minnesota
Software companies established in 1996
Software companies of the United States
Wine (software)

CodeWeavers


The RG postcode area, also known as the Reading postcode area, is a group of thirty postcode districts in England, within twelve post towns. These cover west and central Berkshire (including Reading, Bracknell, Crowthorne, Hungerford, Newbury, Thatcham and Wokingham) and north Hampshire (including Basingstoke, Hook, Tadley and Whitchurch), plus a small part of south-east Oxfordshire (including Henley-on-Thames) and very small parts of Buckinghamshire and Wiltshire.

Mail for the area is sorted at the Thames Valley Mail Centre in Swindon, having been sorted at the Reading Mail Centre until its closure in 2010.

The original RG3 district for west Reading was recoded to RG30 and RG31 in January 1995, due to the rise in population in that area. In the same year, the original RG11 district for Wokingham and Crowthorne was recoded to RG40, RG41 and RG45, while the northern part of the RG12 district for Bracknell was recoded to RG42. Hungerford and Thatcham was also separated from the Newbury-dependent RG15 and RG16 postcodes, subsequently being recoded into RG17 and RG18-19, respectively, thus reducing the extent of the Newbury postal town to RG14 and RG20. RG26-29 ceased to be dependent on the Basingstoke postal town as the areas the postcodes represent were assigned new postal towns.

Coverage
The approximate coverage of the postcode districts:

|-
! RG1
| READING
| Katesgrove, Newtown, Reading (central)
| Reading
|-
! RG2
| READING
| Madejski Stadium, Whitley, Shinfield, Arborfield Garrison, Arborfield, Green Park Village
| Reading, Wokingham
|-
! RG4
| READING
| Caversham, Sonning, Sonning Common, Kidmore End, Sonning Eye, Dunsden Green, Mapledurham, Chazey Heath, Tokers Green, Chalkhouse Green, Cane End
| Reading, South Oxfordshire, Wokingham
|-
! RG5
| READING
| Woodley
| Wokingham
|-
! RG6
| READING
| Earley
| Wokingham, Reading
|-
! RG7
| READING
| Aldermaston, Bradfield, Burghfield Common, Riseley, Silchester, Mortimer, Swallowfield, Theale, Woolhampton
| West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane, Wokingham
|-
! RG8
| READING
| Goring, Streatley, Pangbourne, Whitchurch-on-Thames
| South Oxfordshire, West Berkshire
|-
! RG9
| HENLEY-ON-THAMES
| Hambleden, Rotherfield Peppard, Turville, Turville Heath, Skirmett, Rockwell End, Mill End, Fawley, Fingest, Frieth, Greenlands, Nettlebed, Shiplake, Henley-on-Thames
| South Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire
|-
! RG10
| READING
| Charvil, Hurst, Ruscombe, Twyford, Wargrave, Waltham St Lawrence
| Wokingham, Windsor and Maidenhead
|-
! RG12
| BRACKNELL
| Bracknell (south and town centre), Easthampstead, Bullbrook
| Bracknell Forest
|-
! RG14
| NEWBURY
| Newbury (whole town area)
| West Berkshire
|-
! RG17
| HUNGERFORD
| Chilton Foliat, Eastbury, Eddington, Kintbury, Hungerford, Inkpen, Lambourn, North Wessex Downs AONB area
| West Berkshire, Wiltshire, Vale of White Horse
|-
! RG18
| THATCHAM
| Hampstead Norreys, Hermitage, Thatcham (north), Yattendon
| West Berkshire
|-
! RG19
| THATCHAM
| Ashford Hill with Headley, Bishop's Green, Greenham, Thatcham (south)
| West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG20
| NEWBURY
| Ashmansworth, Chieveley, Compton, Ecchinswell, Leckhampstead, Highclere, Kingsclere, Sydmonton
| West Berkshire, Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG21
| BASINGSTOKE
| Town Centre, Eastrop, Black Dam, Oakridge, South View
| Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG22
| BASINGSTOKE
| South Ham, Brighton Hill, Kempshott, Buckskin, Beggarwood
| Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG23
| BASINGSTOKE
| Winklebury, Rooksdown, Oakley
| Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG24
| BASINGSTOKE
| Popley, Chineham, Sherborne St John
| Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG25
| BASINGSTOKE
| Cliddesden, Dummer, Overton, North Waltham
| Basingstoke and Deane
|-
! RG26
| TADLEY
| Baughurst, Bramley, Brimpton Common, Hannington, Pamber End, Pamber Heath, Tadley
| Basingstoke and Deane, West Berkshire
|-
! RG27
| HOOK
| Hook, Sherfield-on-Loddon, Stratfield Turgis, Turgis Green
| Basingstoke and Deane, Hart
|-
! RG28
| WHITCHURCH
| Laverstoke, Litchfield, Hurstbourne Priors, Whitchurch (Hants)
| Basingstoke and Deane, Test Valley
|-
! RG29
| HOOK
| Long Sutton, Odiham, North Warnborough, South Warnborough
| Hart
|-
! RG30
| READING
| Tilehurst (east), Prospect Park, Burghfield village, West Reading, Southcote
| Reading, West Berkshire
|-
! RG31
| READING
| Calcot, Tilehurst (west)
| Reading, West Berkshire
|-
! RG40
| WOKINGHAM
| Wokingham (east and town centre), Finchampstead, Barkham (south), Wick Hill
| Wokingham, Bracknell Forest
|-
! RG41
| WOKINGHAM
| Wokingham (west), Winnersh, Woosehill, Barkham (north), Sindlesham, Emmbrook, Eastheath
| Wokingham
|-
! RG42
| BRACKNELL
| Bracknell (north), Binfield, Warfield, Newell Green, Popeswood, Priestwood, Winkfield Row, Jealott's Hill
| Bracknell Forest
|-
! RG45
| CROWTHORNE
| Crowthorne, Ravenswood
| Bracknell Forest, Wokingham
|}

Map

See also
Postcode Address File
List of postcode areas in the United Kingdom

References

External links
Royal Mail's Postcode Address File
A quick introduction to Royal Mail's Postcode Address File (PAF)

Geography of Reading, Berkshire
Geography of Berkshire
Geography of Oxfordshire
Postcode areas covering South East England

RG postcode area


Ceres is a locality of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. As one of the highest points in Geelong, Ceres has a lookout which overlooks the city. In the 2016 census, Ceres had a population of 254 people.

History

The Ceres area was first settled by squatters in the late 1830s, and the lots of the Barrabool Parish were advertised in 1839, with the land being sold on 5 February 1840. There was reportedly "plenty of competition" for the Barrabool Hills lands, and the area became part of "Roslin", owned by David Fisher. The government had not provided for a settlement in the Barrabool Parish, and Fisher, after selling much of his estate in 1846, advertised a section of the remainder for sale as the new village of Ceres in March 1850. The town is presumably named after the Roman goddess of agriculture or less likely the dwarf planet or more likely the village of Ceres in Fife, Scotland since it is in an area called Roslin which is in Scotland.

The first business to open in Ceres was the Wheat Sheaf Inn in September 1850, which became a social centre for much of the Barrabool district. A second hotel, the Rising Sun, opened in 1853. The Post Office opened on 14 February 1856. In 1856, the village was reported to have the Seidel Bros. vineyard, a blacksmith's forge and quarrier, a physician, a store, a shoemaker, a post office, a butcher, a surgeon, the two hotels, and a second forge. Coal was first discovered at Ceres in 1842, and a shaft sunk in 1854, but despite much excitement economical quantities were never found. A meeting at Ceres on 10 November 1855 agreed to build a cemetery, which subsequently opened as the Barrabool Hills Cemetery (now Highton Cemetery) in modern Highton.

A Wesleyan church and school building opened at Ceres in 1865. The Wesleyan school became a common school and then the first Ceres State School (No. 15), but was closed in 1875 and merged with the then Barrabool State School (No. 50) to form a new state school (No. 1602). The new school, physically located in what is now Ceres, was initially named Barrabool, but was renamed the Ceres State School in 1890.

The Ceres Literary Association developed in 1855 and began construction of a mechanics' institute; the building was partially completed in 1859 when the organisation disbanded. The Ceres Total Abstinence society began agitating for their own hall in 1861 and completed it in 1862. Wynd suggests that it is unclear if this was merely the completion of the prior hall, or an entirely new building. The building survives today, and is now home to the Theatre of the Winged Unicorn. A third hotel, the Barrabool Inn, was built in 1861.

The village grew in population into the 1890s, but had begun its decline before this. The Wheat Sheaf Inn and the Rising Sun hotels closed in the 1870s. Most of the Wheat Sheaf Inn was demolished, apart from the dining room, which was retained as a hayshed. It was later damaged in a storm, and the stone donated to the Shire of Barrabool. The Rising Sun was demolished entirely. The Barrabool Inn operated until 1909, when its license lapsed and it became a private house; it was demolished in the twentieth century. The Ceres Post Office closed in 1962.

Ceres today

The town has grown since the beginning of the 21st century, although it remains a country atmosphere, including by keeping old gas lights along its main street (lit with electricity). A number of historical homesteads can be found in the township and surrounding hills. Many are constructed from locally hewn Barrabool sandstone.

Ceres Primary School, dating from 1875, continues to operate, and had 86 students in 2013.

The Uniting Church maintains an active congregation at their church in Wheatsheaf Street, with services held monthly in rotation with their Barrabool and Moriac churches.

The town is home to the Theatre of the Winged Unicorn, a fringe theatre group, which operates out of the former Temperance Hall.

Ceres is also home to the Barrabool Rural Fire Brigade which is located on 15 Wheatsheaf Street, Ceres.

The Barrabool Cricket Club is also based in Ceres fielding four senior men's teams in the Bellarine Peninsula Cricket Association, a senior women's team in the Barwon Women's Cricket Competition and four junior teams in the Geelong Junior Cricket Association.

Notable people

Singer and songwriter, local Taylor Henderson, achieved fame after becoming runner-up in the 2013 season of The X Factor Australia.

References

External links
Australian Places: Ceres
Ceres Geelong Victoria images on Flickr

Towns in Victoria (state)
1850 establishments in Australia
Suburbs of Geelong

Ceres, Victoria


Shalom H. Schwartz () is a social psychologist, cross-cultural researcher and creator of the Theory of Basic Human Values (universal values as latent motivations and needs). He also contributed to the formulation of the values scale in the context of social learning theory and social cognitive theory.

Biography

After completing his master's degree in social psychology and group development at Columbia University and completing his rabbinical studies, Schwartz received his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of Michigan, and subsequently taught in the sociology department of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and in 1973 became a professor. From 1971-73, Schwartz was a visiting lecturer in the department of psychology at the Hebrew University.
In 1979, Schwartz moved to Israel with his wife and three children. He joined the department of psychology at the Hebrew University, where he holds the post of Leon and Clara Sznajderman Professor Emeritus of Psychology. He is now retired, but continues his research activity, as well as developing and promoting his Basic Human Values Theory.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Schwartz was following the studies of Geert Hofstede about human values and built upon them in his research on pro-social and altruistic behavior. His research has since included studies on the development and consequences of a range of behavioral attitudes and orientations, such as religious belief, political orientation and voting, social group relations, consumer behavior, as well as the conceptualization of human values across cultures.

Schwartz is a fellow of the American Psychological Foundation and is a member of the American Sociological Foundation, European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, the Israel Psychological Association, the Society for Experimental Social Psychology, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He is president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. He coordinates an international project in more than 70 countries that studies the antecedents and consequences of individual differences in value priorities and the relations of cultural dimensions of values to societal characteristics and policies. His value theory and instruments are part of the ongoing, biannual European Social Survey.

Awards
 In 2007, Schwartz was awarded the Israel Prize in psychology.

Main publications
Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25) (pp. 1–65). New York: Academic Press.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
Schwartz, S. H. (1996). Value priorities and behavior: Applying of theory of integrated value systems. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 8 (pp. 1–24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (1997), 'Influences of adaptation to communist rule on value priorities in Eastern Europe', Political Psychology, 18, pp. 385–410.
Schwartz, S. H., Lehmann, A., and Roccas, S. (1999), 'Multimethod probes of basic human values', in: J. Adamopoulos and Y. Kashima, (eds.), Social Psychology and Culture Context: Essays in Honor of Harry C. Triandis Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (2000). Moral dialogue across cultures: An empirical perspective. In E. W. Lehman (Ed.), Autonomy and order: A communitarian anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., and Harris, M. (2001), 'Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, pp. 519–542.
Schwartz, S. H. A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations in ESS
Schwartz, S. H. and Boehnke, K. (2004), 'Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis', Journal of Research in Personality, 38, pp. 230–255.
Schwartz, S. H., and Rubel, T. (2005), Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multi-method studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, pp. 1010–1028.
Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations. In R. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, & G. Eva (Eds.), Measuring attitudes cross-nationally - lessons from the European Social Survey. London: Sage.
Schwartz, S. H., Cieciuch, J., Vecchione, M., Davidov, E., Fischer, R., Beierlein, C., ... and Dirilen-Gumus, O. (2012). Refining the theory of basic individual values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, pp. 663-688.

Literature on Shalom Schwartz

See also
List of Israel Prize recipients

References

Cross-cultural psychology
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Social psychologists
Israeli psychologists
Academic staff of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Israel Prize in psychology recipients
Jewish social scientists

Shalom H. Schwartz


An Appointment with Mr. Yeats is the tenth studio album by the Waterboys, released on 19 September 2011 through W14/Proper Records. The album contains 14 tracks, all of which are based upon the poetry of W.B. Yeats, a long term influence on lead-songwriter Mike Scott.

Scott premiered the tracks which would make up the album, as well as those produced previously, as part of the An Appointment with Mr. Yeats concerts from 2010 onwards.  Some shorter tracks such as Down by the Salley Gardens were either omitted entirely or provided as bonus tracks available for download only.

Track listing

 "The Hosting of the Shee"
 "The Song of Wandering Aengus"
 "News for the Delphic Oracle"
 "A Full Moon in March"
 "Sweet Dancer"
 "White Birds"
 "The Lake Isle of Innisfree"
 "Mad As the Mist and Snow"
 "Before the World Was Made"
 "September 1913"
 "An Irish Airman Foresees His Death"
 "Politics"
 "Let the Earth Bear Witness"
 "The Faery's Last Song"

Amazon
Bonus Track "Four Ages of Man"

iTunes

Bonus Track "Love Song"
Bonus Track "The Mask"

Personnel
Mike Scott - vocals, 6- & 12-string acoustic & electric guitars, keyboards (including acoustic & electric pianos, organ, flute organ, Mellotron, synthesized cello/horns/flute/mountain horn), 8-string bouzouki, percussion (hand drum, tiny cymbals, deep drum, snare drum, cabasa), programming, effects, treatments, "loop archaeology" on 'White Birds'
Marc Arciero - bass guitar (credited throughout as "earth resonator")
Ralph Salmins - drums (including "orc-drums" on 'The Hosting of the Shee'), tambourine
Steve Wickham - fiddles (including "pogged" and "fuzz" fiddles), "white birds" on 'White Birds'
James Hallawell - keyboards (including Hammond & Nord organs, piano, synthesized "etheric strings")
Kate St. John - saxophone, oboe, cor anglais
Blaise Margail - trombone
Sarah Allen - flute
Joe Chester - guitars, harmonium, additional vocals
Katie Kim - vocals (including whispers on 'The Lake Isle of Innisfree')
Freddie Stevenson - vocals

References

External links
 Official Page

2011 albums
The Waterboys albums
Adaptations of works by W. B. Yeats
Song cycles

An Appointment with Mr Yeats


Patrick Forbes (24 August 1564 – 28 March 1635) was a late 16th-century and early 17th-century Scottish churchman rising to the post of Protestant Bishop of Aberdeen.

Life
Born in 1564, he was the oldest son of Elizabeth Strachan and her husband William Forbes, laird of Corse. He attended the High School of Stirling, the University of Glasgow and then the University of St Andrews. At St Andrews, he came under the influence of the renowned theologian Andrew Melville. In 1598, Forbes's father died, leaving him his estate.

Forbes became religiously puritanical and an avid preacher, though he was reluctant to enter the ministry. George Gledstanes, Archbishop of St Andrews, ordered him to enter the ministry or stop preaching, and as a result Forbes confined his preaching to his own household. At the death of his friend John Chalmers, the minister of Keith, in 1611, the dying Chalmers requested Forbes to take control of the parish of Keith and continue his work there. So it was that in 1612, aged forty-eight, Forbes received his ordination into the ministry and became minister of Keith, in the diocese of Moray.

Forbes left a number of theological writings from this period, including An Exquisite Commentarie upon the Revelation of Saint John (1613) and Short Discovery of the Adversarie (1614). In the former, he was vehemently anti-Catholicism and argued that the Catholic Church had become corrupted by the greed of bishops even before the reign of the Emperor Constantine the Great, becoming irrecoverable during the papacy of Pope Boniface VIII. In the latter work, he moderated his views on episcopacy, but still declared bishoprics to be unnecessary institutions.

In January 1618, Forbes was given the crown nomination to succeed Alexander Forbes as Bishop of Aberdeen, after receiving an unsuccessful nomination two years previously. He was elected on 24 March, obtained royal provision on 8 April and received consecration of 17 May. Forbes was apparently initially reluctant to take up the position, but cited his obedience to the king's wishes. Taking up a bishopric necessarily meant that he encountered some hostility from the anti-episcopal presbyterians in the Church of Scotland, but Forbes was nevertheless well respected for his piety and theology.

His summer residence was Tullynessle Tower in Tullynessle, Aberdeenshire.

As Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen, Forbes was responsible for much reorganisation in the university, including reconstruction of the system for education and training future ministers. Forbes began to suffer from apoplexy and died on 28 March 1635. He was buried in St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen. The funeral service was conducted by Prof David Leitch.

Family
He married Lucretia Spens, daughter of David Spens of Wormiston and sister of James Spens, and by her fathered five children, one of whom was the noted theologian John Forbes.

References
 Keith, Robert, An Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops: Down to the Year 1688, (London, 1924)

 Watt, D.E.R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)

Notes

External links

1564 births
1635 deaths
Anglican saints
People educated at Stirling High School
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Bishops of Aberdeen
Chancellors of the University of Aberdeen
People from Marr
Burials at St Machar's Cathedral
17th-century Christian saints
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1621
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1630
17th-century bishops of the Church of Scotland
17th-century Scottish bishops
Scottish bishops 1560–1638

Patrick Forbes (bishop of Aberdeen)


Nhundiaquara River is in the Serra do Mar, on the coast of Paraná, Brazil.

The historic river was the first natural route linking the coast to the state plateaus. At the start of the settling, it was named Cubatão, being considered the richest gold river, thus contributing significantly to the development of the counties.

Paraná State

Nhundiaquara River