Little Mix are an English girl group, formed on the British version of The X Factor, and became the first group and only girl group to win the series. The line up consisted of Leigh-Anne Pinnock, Jade Thirlwall, Perrie Edwards, and previously Jesy Nelson, before her departure from the group in 2020. Regarded as the show's most successful winning act, their success led to a girl band renaissance in the UK. Little Mix's strong vocals and harmonies have garnered critical acclaim and the band are ranked as one of the best vocal girl groups. In 2022, the group went on an indefinite hiatus, allowing its members to pursue solo projects.

Little Mix rose to prominence with their debut single "Wings" (2012), achieving five number-one singles, nineteen top ten enteries and becoming the first girl band to spend over a 100 weeks inside the top ten of the UK Singles Chart. The group were launched into mainstream recognition following the release of "Black Magic", becoming the first song by girl group since 2008 to spend multiple weeks at number one. It was ranked by Billboard as one of the "Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time". On the UK Albums Chart, Little Mix became the first girl group to accumulate six top five entries, with their fourth studio album Glory Days, breaking chart records, and becoming the longest charting album by a girl group inside the 40 of the UK Charts. They have been named by Debrett's as one of the most influential people in the UK with a net worth of £60 million.

The group achieved moderate success in America, and holds the record for the highest chart entry for a debut album by a UK girl group in the US on Billboard 200. Little Mix retained a popular following in Europe, South America, Oceania, Asia and other regions with Forbes, naming them as one of the most influential acts in Europe. They have sold over 28 million singles and 3.6 million albums in UK according to the Official Charts. Their music has also amassed over 15 billion streams worldwide, and gained popularity in South Korea, with Pitchfork, describing them as "the girl group who have captured K-pop's spirit better than any other western girl group". The group have sold over 3 million concert tickets, and performed in over 20 countries across their six tours, with the Confetti Tour, being their most critically acclaimed.

Little Mix accolades includes a Madame Tussauds figure, three Brit Awards (the first girl group to win British Group) seven MTV Europe Music Awards (the most wins for Best UK & Ireland Act), four Glamour Awards, a iHeartRadio Music Award, two Japanese Gold Disc Awards and three Guinness World Records. They have amassed a huge following of LGBTQ+ fans winning a British LGBT Award, an Attitude Award, and were named as Glamour's "Women of the Year and Game-changers in music". Often named as one of the greatest girl groups of all time, Little Mix have sold over 60 million records worldwide, becoming the second best-selling British female girl group in the UK, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, and one of britain's biggest selling acts.

History

2011–2012: Formation and The X Factor
In 2011, Edwards, Thirlwall, Pinnock and Nelson individually auditioned successfully as soloists for the eighth series of the UK version of The X Factor in front of judges Louis Walsh, Gary Barlow, Tulisa and Kelly Rowland, but failed the first challenge of the "bootcamp" section. They were allowed another chance to compete when they were placed in two separate ensembles by the judges during the "group bootcamp" stage, with Edwards and Nelson in four-member group Faux Pas and Thirlwall and Pinnock in three-member group Orion. Both groups failed to make it through to the next stage. A later decision by the judges recalled two members from each group to form the four-piece group Rhythmix, sending them through to the "judges' houses" section. Footage released in November 2022 revealed that Rowland alone was the judge who formed the group.

They reached the live shows section and were mentored by Tulisa. During the first live show on 8 October 2011, Rhythmix performed "Super Bass" by American recording artist Nicki Minaj. Their rendition was praised by the judges with Barlow calling them the "best girl band that's ever been on The X Factor." On 26 October 2011, it was announced that they would change their name following a dispute with Rhythmix, a Brighton-based children's music charity of the same name, after the programme tried to trademark "Rhythmix". A spokesman for The X Factor said, "At the request of the charity Rhythmix, the members of the girl group Rhythmix have decided to change their name, a decision which has the support of Syco and TalkbackTHAMES." It was reported that the group decided to make the change, with no legal requirement to do so, to avoid any difficulties for the charity. On 28 October 2011, it was announced that the group's new name would be "Little Mix".

On 20 November 2011, Little Mix became the first girl group in the show's eight-year history to progress past the seventh live show. The previous longest-surviving girl groups were The Conway Sisters (series 2) and Hope (series 4), who had both lasted until week 7. Through the remaining course of the competition the group generally received positive feedback. During the semi-final stage of the show, Little Mix performed The Supremes's "You Keep Me Hangin' On" as well as Beyoncé's hit "If I Were a Boy". Their performance of "You Keep Me Hangin' On" received mostly negative feedback from the judges with Walsh stating that they "lost their mojo" and Rowland telling the girl group she had seen them do "better vocal performances." Their second performance of the night, "If I Were a Boy", was generally acclaimed by the judges with Walsh telling them they have "amazing potential" and calling them the "next big girlband." Rowland also told them they could be "incredibly dynamic" and "change the world" when they find the strength within each other. It was later revealed that Little Mix topped the semi-final public vote by 34.4% and advanced to the show's final at Wembley Arena along with Marcus Collins and Amelia Lily, making them the first girlband ever to reach the final.

On 11 December, Little Mix were announced as the winners, the first time a group had won the UK show and the second (of five) in the worldwide franchise (after Random on the first series of the Australian version). Their winner's single was a cover of Damien Rice's song "Cannonball", which was released via digital download on 11 December 2011 and on CD on 14 December 2011. The Xtra Factor: The Winner's Story was shown on ITV2 on 17 December 2011. Their debut single topped the UK Singles Chart on 18 December 2011. They made the Christmas number one spot on the Irish Singles Chart, beating novelty songs by The Saw Doctors and Ryan Sheridan.

2012–2013: DNA and international breakthrough

On 25 January 2012, Little Mix made an appearance at the National Television Awards and performed the En Vogue song "Don't Let Go (Love)". They also accompanied fellow judges Gary Barlow and Tulisa Contostavlos on stage to receive the Best Talent Show award that had been won by The X Factor. In May 2012, Little Mix reportedly signed a deal with Vivid and Bravado to release signature products including dolls, puzzles, accessories and games. Prior to their debut single release, the group covered an a cappella version of Beyoncé's "End of Time" and uploaded it on YouTube; the cover was publicly praised, especially for the group's impressive harmonies. Later in August, they also uploaded another cover, this time an acoustic cover of "We Are Young" by Fun ft. Janelle Monáe which again received positive feedback, generally, for the group's harmonies. On 1 June, a snippet of their debut single "Wings" previewed on chat show Alan Carr: Chatty Man before its later release date in August.

Little Mix performed their debut single "Wings" for the first time at the T4 on the Beach concert on 1 July. The single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. On 31 August 2012, the group's autobiography, titled Ready to Fly, was released by HarperCollins. In October 2012, the group went on a promotional visit to Australia due to their expanding fan base there, destinations included Melbourne and Sydney. The trip lasted a week and the group visited radio stations to promote the single and debut album. They performed their single "Wings" on Australian The X Factor and on Australian breakfast-television show Sunrise. "Wings" subsequently reached number 2 on the Australian iTunes chart and number 3 on the ARIA charts. Their debut album, DNA, was released in November 2012. Nicola Roberts co-penned a track called "Going Nowhere" on the DNA album. The album reached number 3 in both Ireland and the UK. A second single, "DNA", was released in October, and in January 2013 they signed a record deal with Columbia Records in North America. "Wings" was released as their debut single in America on 5 February 2013. In the US, the single reached number 79 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart while the album reached number 4 on the Billboard 200. On 3 February 2013, they released "Change Your Life" as the album's third single, which charted at number 12 on the UK Singles Chart. On 4 March 2013, it was announced that "How Ya Doin'?" would be released as the fourth and final single from their debut album.

On 21 March, they announced that their next single, "How Ya Doin'?", would feature Grammy Award-winning musician Missy Elliott. On 4 April 2013, the group revealed that Schwarzkopf hair dye Live Colour XXL would be promoted through their music video for "How Ya Doin'?" in a new sponsorship deal. "How Ya Doin'?" debuted at number 57 on the UK Singles Chart on 20 April 2013, before ascending to number 23 the week after. In its third week, the song peaked at number 16, marking Little Mix's fifth consecutive UK top 20 hit. It charted for a further seven weeks. "How Ya Doin'?" sold 120,000 copies in the UK. The single debuted at number 55 on the Irish Singles Chart on 11 April 2013. It then climbed the chart to peak at number 26. Consequently, "How Ya Doin'?" became Little Mix's first single to miss the top 20 in Ireland, but spent a total of seven weeks on the chart. The single peaked at number 16 on the Scottish Singles Chart on 11 May 2013, marking the group's fifth consecutive top 20 hit in Scotland.

2013–2014: Salute and "Word Up!"
In March 2013, Little Mix began their first promotional campaign in the US. In an interview with Digital Spy in March 2013, they stated that they wanted their second album to have a more R&B sound. Nelson added: "I personally want to put a lot more dancey stuff in there. As in, one of the songs that comes on in a club that makes you want to dance. Not that David Guetta sound, but more R&B – a bit like Eve and Gwen Stefani's 'Let Me Blow Ya Mind'." They also revealed that they would be starting to write material for the new album in the coming months. On 4 October, they uploaded a video to their official YouTube page, announcing that their second album would be called Salute and would be available for pre-order on 7 October. The album was released on 11 November 2013 in the United Kingdom and was released in the United States on 4 February 2014. Throughout the recording process, Little Mix worked with several producers, including TMS, Future Cut, Fred Ball, Duvall and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The album was largely co-written by Little Mix, who stated that they were more involved in the development of this album than with their debut.

On 23 September 2013, "Move" was premiered on BBC Radio 1. For the single, Little Mix worked with Nathan Duvall, an up-and-coming R&B producer and Maegan Cottone, the girl's vocal coach. "Move" was released on 7 October in Australia and New Zealand. It was later released in the UK and Ireland on 3 November. It was sent to Mainstream Radio in the US on 18 February 2014 and reached number 38 on that chart. The song peaked at number three in the UK, number five in Ireland, number 19 in Japan and number 12 in New Zealand. The single also charted in Australia, Belgium, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Since then, "Move" has been certified gold in Australia for sales of 35,000 and gold in the UK for sales of 400,000. "Little Me" was selected as the second single from the album. The song was co-written by TMS and Iain James and produced by TMS. On 21 November 2013, Little Mix revealed via a YouTube video message that they decided to release it as the second single because it held a lot meaning to them and was written with their fans in mind. The song reached number 14 in the UK, number fifteen in Iceland and number 16 in the Netherlands. It also charted in Australia, Ireland and Lebanon. The band released a cover version of Cameo's song "Word Up!" as the official single for Sport Relief 2014. The song reached number six in the UK and number thirteen in Ireland while also charting in Australia, Austria, Denmark and France.

Little Mix announced on 5 April 2014 that the title track "Salute" will be released as the album's third single. It impacted UK radio on 28 April 2014. The official music video premiered on 2 May 2014 on the group's official YouTube channel. It was released on 1 June. In December 2013, the group announced the UK and Ireland dates for their second headlining concert tour, The Salute Tour, North American dates were added in April 2014. The tour began on 16 May 2014 in Birmingham, England at the LG Arena and ended on 27 July 2014 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire at the Scarborough Open Air Theatre. Little Mix were expected to begin the North American leg of the tour in September 2014, but it was cancelled due to them wanting to work on their next album.

2015–2016: Get Weird

At the 2015 Brit Awards, the group confirmed that their album was completed, describing it as having a "whole new sound" and projecting the release for sometime in 2015. Having written over 100 songs for their forthcoming album, In May 2015 Little Mix released the lead single "Black Magic" from their third studio album. The song debuted at number one in the UK and remained at the top of the chart for three weeks, becoming the first single by a girl group to do so since Sugababes's "About You Now" in October 2007. The single also reached number 3 in Ireland, number 4 in Belgium (Flanders), number 5 in Israel, number 8 in Australia and number 67 in the US, becoming their highest-peaking single on Billboard Hot 100. The group performed the song for the first time in June 2015 for Capital's Summertime Ball at the Wembley Stadium along with some of their previous hits. "Black Magic" was also performed the song at the Teen Choice Awards in August 2015, after they received the award as Breakout Artist. Since then, "Black Magic" has been certified Gold in the US for sales of 500,000, Platinum in Canada for sales of 80,000 and double Platinum both in Australia and the UK for sales of 140,000 and 1,200,000 respectively. Little Mix also co-wrote Britney Spears' single "Pretty Girls", which was also released in May 2015.

On 15 July 2015, Little Mix announced on Twitter that their third studio album would be titled Get Weird and would be available for pre-order in the UK from the following day, with a global release date set for 6 November 2015. The group performed at the Gibraltar Music Festival on 5 September 2015, an annual music festival held in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar.  On 25 September the group released "Love Me Like You" as the second single from the album, it was released as a single only in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The group performed the song for the first time at X Factor Australia in October 2015, then at the Royal Albert Hall in December 2015 and at the Capital Jingle Bell Ball. The group's third studio album Get Weird debuted at number 2 in the UK becoming their highest-charting album there. In the US, the album peaked at number 13 on Billboard 200, making Little Mix the only girl group from the UK to have their first three albums debut in the top fifteen of the Billboard 200. The album has been certified double platinum in the UK and has sold over 600,000 units there as of August 2016, making it their best selling album yet. The group performed a medley of "Black Magic" and "Sax" with the former UK X Factor contestant Fleur East on the season finale of X Factor. On 5 December the group announced on Twitter that "Secret Love Song" featuring the American R&B singer Jason Derulo would be released as the album's third single. The single reached number six on the UK Singles Chart. On 24 February 2016 the group performed "Black Magic" at the 2016 Brit Awards, where they were nominated for Best British Single and British Artist Video.

On 13 March 2016 Little Mix embarked on The Get Weird Tour to promote the album, the arena tour consist of 60 dates across Europe, Australia and Asia. The Get Weird tour sold over 300,000 tickets in the UK. On 11 April 2016, the group announced that "Hair" would serve as the fourth single from Get Weird and would feature newly recorded guest vocals from reggae pop recording artist Sean Paul. The single was released on 15 April 2016 and reached number 11 on the UK chart while peaking at number 10 in Australia making it their fourth top 10 single there.

2016–2019: Glory Days and LM5

On 21 June 2016 it was revealed that the group had begun work on their fourth studio album; they later confirmed that they would be releasing new music "before Christmas". In an interview at V Festival in Chelmsford, the group announced that the lead single from their fourth studio album would be released in October 2016. On 13 October 2016, Little Mix announced the song's title as "Shout Out to My Ex" and that their fourth studio album would be called Glory Days. "Shout Out to My Ex" was released on 16 October 2016, following the first live performance of the song on The X Factor. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart becoming their fourth chart topping single there. It sold 67,000 downloads in its opening week, becoming the biggest opening week download sales for a song in 2016 in the UK.

Glory Days was released on 18 November 2016 and debuted at number one on the UK album chart, becoming the group's first UK number one album and the eighth girl group in history to achieve a number one album. The album sold 96,000 copies in combined sales in the first week which is the highest first week sales for a UK girl group number one album since the Spice Girls in 1997 and the fastest-selling number one album by any girl group in 15 years, since Destiny's Child's Survivor in 2001. Glory Days spent five weeks at number one on the UK album chart, making it the longest reigning girl group number one since the Spice Girls' debut 20 years previously, surpassing Destiny's Child's Survivor. The album reached number one in Ireland and debuted at number two in Australia, and in the top 10 in the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain.

On 1 December 2016, Little Mix performed "Shout Out to My Ex", at the 2016 Los 40 Music Awards in Barcelona, Spain. Little Mix announced on 5 December 2016 that "Touch" would be released as the second single from Glory Days. It was released on 18 December 2016 and reached number four in the UK. At the 2017 Brit Awards the group was nominated for three awards, winning Best British Single for "Shout Out to My Ex", which they also performed on the award show. A remix of their song "No More Sad Songs", featuring Machine Gun Kelly, was released on 3 March 2017 as the third single from Glory Days and peaked at number fifteen on the UK Official Singles Chart.

From February to April 2017 Little Mix toured North America as one of the opening acts for Ariana Grande on her Dangerous Woman Tour. The group then embarked on their own headlining The Glory Days Tour which began on 24 May 2017 in Europe, with the first UK date being on 9 October in Scotland. A remix of their song "Power", featuring Stormzy, was released on 26 May 2017 as the fourth single from Glory Days and peaked at number six in the UK. In August 2017, Little Mix and Latin American boy band CNCO collaborated on a remixed version of the latter group's song "Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)". The song was included on the reissue of Glory Days, which was released on 24 November 2017, and featured a revised track listing of four remixed songs and three new songs, as well as a bonus documentary. As of November 2017, Glory Days has sold over 1.6 million copies worldwide. The group announced on 27 November 2017 that they would be undertaking the Summer Hits Tour 2018, with tickets going on sale on 30 November.

In February 2018, Pinnock announced that the group were working on their fifth album, set for release in 2018, and that there would be a tour to accompany the album. On 14 June 2018, it was revealed that a song by Little Mix and American DJ trio Cheat Codes, "Only You", would be part of the compilation album The Pool Party, to be released on 6 July 2018 by Ministry of Sound. The song was released on 22 June 2018.

In September 2018, the group announced "Woman Like Me", the lead single from their fifth studio album LM5, featuring US rapper Nicki Minaj. It was released on 12 October 2018. The music video for the song was released two weeks after, on 25 October 2018. The song debuted at number five on the UK Singles Chart, later peaking at number two. On 21 October 2018, Little Mix performed "Woman Like Me" for the first time at the BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards, where they also won "Best British Group" at the ceremony. Little Mix also performed the song on The X Factor on 27 October 2018.

After the release of "Woman Like Me", Little Mix were dragged into a feud between Cardi B and Nicki Minaj, with Cardi B claiming that the song was sent to her first, before giving the feature to Minaj. On 30 October 2018, the group went on to address the situation in a tweet saying that both rappers were approached by their label to work on the song but Minaj was approached first. They also stated "We went with Nicki because like we've said over and over for years, it's been a dream of ours to work with her since the beginning".

On 2 November 2018, the group released "Joan of Arc" as the first promotional single from LM5, and peaked at number 61 on the UK Singles Chart. A week later on 9 November 2018, "Told You So" was released as the second promotional single from the album and peaked at number 83 on the UK Singles Chart. The group then performed "Woman Like Me" alongside Nicki Minaj at the MTV European Music Awards on 4 November 2018, where they won an award for best UK & Ireland Act. It was later announced that the group would split from Cowell's record label, Syco Music, due to the label no longer working with the group's management company.

LM5 was released on 16 November 2018 and was serviced by RCA UK and Columbia Records, with future records to be released by the latter. On 13 November 2018, Little Mix teamed up with Apple Music for an exclusive live performance in London, featuring new tracks from their new album, LM5. The performances was accompanied by a live band, which marked the group's first time to perform with a live band in three years. The same day, "The Cure" was released as the third and final promotional single from the LM5 album, where it peaked at number 49 on the UK Singles Chart. Alongside the album release, the music videos for the album tracks "Strip" and "More Than Words" were also released.On 14 December 2018, Little Mix performed "Think About Us" for the first time on The Graham Norton Show. On 25 January 2019, Little Mix released a remix version of their song "Think About Us" as the second and final single from their LM5 album. The song features American singer-songwriter Ty Dollar $ign. The song peaked at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart.  At the 2019 Brit Awards, the group was nominated for two awards, winning Best British Video for "Woman Like Me". During the ceremony, they performed a remix of the song with South London rapper Ms. Banks. During a live stream, Jesy Nelson mentioned that the group were at the writing stage for their sixth studio album. They announced their single "Bounce Back" on 26 May 2019. On the same day, Little Mix performed at the 2019 BBC Radio 1's Big Weekend. "Bounce Back" was released on 14 June 2019. On 1 September 2019, the group headlined the second night of the Fusion Festival in Liverpool, UK.
Little Mix's sixth concert tour, LM5: The Tour, started on 16 September 2019 in Madrid, Spain. The tour supported their fifth studio album, LM5, and consisted of 40 shows across Europe, concluding on 22 November 2019. During the last show of the tour, Stormzy and Kamille joined Little Mix to perform "Power" and "More Than Words" respectively. On 18 November 2019, Little Mix announced that they would release their first Christmas single, titled "One I've Been Missing". The song was released on 22 November 2019. The group was named as the eighth most played artist of that year in the UK.

2020: Confetti, Nelson's departure and other projects
On 15 January 2020, Little Mix announced on social media that they would be headlining the GRLS! Festival in São Paulo, Brazil. They performed at the festival on 8 March 2020. In February 2020, the group began filming a reality television music competition show, titled Little Mix The Search, which began airing on BBC One on 26 September 2020.

In March 2020, Pollstar released a list of the 50 highest-grossing female tours of the previous two decades (2000–2019). Little Mix were placed as the second girl group on the list, only behind the Spice Girls, with $94,856,997 gross and 1,757,654 tickets sold. On 12 March 2020, Little Mix released a music video for their song, "Wasabi", which marked the end of their LM5 era.

On 27 March 2020, the group released "Break Up Song", the lead single from their then-untitled upcoming sixth studio album. This was the first release entirely under their new record label RCA. The single was accompanied by a lyric video, released on the same day. The music video for the song was released on 8 May 2020. The video was semi-animated, as they had to cancel their planned video shoot for the song due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Promotion for the single was also done remotely due to the pandemic. On 19 April 2020, Little Mix performed an acoustic version of their song "Touch" on the UK exclusive broadcast of the One World: Together at Home concert. On 24 July, the group released the second single from the album, titled "Holiday". The song was announced in a video posted to social media on 16 July 2020. A lyric video for the song was also released on the group's YouTube channel. The music video for "Holiday" was released on 28 August 2020. Little Mix embarked on their virtual concert titled Little Mix Uncancelled on 21 August, after their Summer 2020 Tour got cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 15 September 2020, Little Mix appeared on BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge and performed an acoustic version of "Holiday". The group also covered Harry Styles' "Falling", with a mash-up of Joel Corry's "Head & Heart" towards the end. On 9 October, the promotional single "Not a Pop Song"  was released. On 15 October, Little Mix announced their second promotional single "Happiness", released the next day. Their third single from the album, "Sweet Melody" was released on 23 October, as well as an accompanying music video. The track reached number one in the UK in January 2021, three months after its initial release.

Their sixth album, Confetti, was released on 6 November 2020 with the title track being released the day before on 5 November 2020. The album art, title and release date were all announced on 16 September 2020. Confetti was described by Pinnock as the group's "biggest" album yet. On 8 November 2020, the group hosted the 2020 MTV Europe Music Awards; they also performed "Sweet Melody" at the ceremony. From 21 to 22 November, a tour film of the LM5 Tour premiered in cinemas worldwide. The trailer for the film was released on YouTube on 15 October 2020. In Mexico, LM5: The Tour Film debuted in tenth place at the Mexican box office with $375.9 thousand pesos grossed.

Following an illness that prevented Nelson from appearing during the final of Little Mix The Search and co-hosting the 2020 MTV Europe Music Awards alongside Edwards, Pinnock and Thirlwall, it was announced by the group's publicist on 17 November 2020 that Nelson would take an extended hiatus from the group for medical reasons. On 23 November, Little Mix and Nathan Dawe announced their collaboration for "No Time for Tears" on their social media. It was released as a single on 25 November 2020 by RCA and Warner Music. On 14 December 2020, Nelson announced her departure from the group due to mental health struggles. Following Nelson's departure, the group announced they would continue as a trio.

2021–2022: As a trio, Between Us and hiatus
In January 2021, Little Mix scored their fifth UK number-one single with "Sweet Melody", which reached the top of the UK Singles Chart three months after its release. On 8 February 2021, the group postponed their Confetti Tour to 2022. The tour was originally scheduled to start in April 2021 but it was postponed due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and also for the safety of their crew and fans. In March 2021, Little Mix were featured on the cover of the March issue of Glamour, which marked their first magazine cover as a trio. They also won the award for "Gamechangers in Music" at the Glamour Women of The Year Awards. Later that month, the group was featured on BBC Radio 1's LOL-a-thon for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day in support of helping those who struggle due to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. On 31 March 2021, Little Mix were announced as one of the nominees for British Group at the 2021 Brit Awards.

On 21 April 2021, Little Mix announced that a remix of "Confetti", the title track of their most recent album, would serve as the album's fourth single. The remix, featuring American rapper Saweetie, was released on 30 April 2021, alongside a music video for the remix. The song debuted at number fifteen on the UK Singles Chart. On 29 April, the day before "Confetti" was released, Little Mix were featured on the cover of Euphoria Magazine. In May 2021, Little Mix were announced as the winner in the Best Group category at the 2021 Global Awards, and became the first ever girl group to win the Brit Award for British Group at the 2021 Brit Awards. The same month, Leigh-Anne Pinnock and Perrie Edwards both announced their pregnancies. On 13 May 2021, the group was featured on YouTube's Released with an exclusive acoustic live performance of their song "Confetti" following their episode. On 14 May 2021, Little Mix teased new music by posting a link to a website that displayed a 24-hour timer. On 15 May 2021, after the 24-hour timer finished, the group announced their new single "Heartbreak Anthem" with Galantis and David Guetta, which was released on 20 May 2021. A music video for the song, directed by Samuel Douek, was released on the same day. When the song spent its tenth week in the top ten in July 2021, Little Mix became the first girl group to accumulate 100 weeks spent inside the top ten of the UK Singles Chart. On 21 May, a day after the release of "Heartbreak Anthem", Little Mix were featured on the digital cover issue of Hunger magazine. In June 2021, it was revealed that Little Mix were the most-played group on UK radio in 2020 and the sixth overall.

On 16 July 2021, it was announced that Little Mix would be honoured with wax figures at Madame Tussauds in London, in celebration of the group's ten-year anniversary. Despite Jesy Nelson's departure from the group in December 2020, it was revealed she would still feature as one of the figures, as she was a significant part of the group during their ten years together, and the wax figures would depict the group in one of their most popular music videos. The figures were unveiled at the Baker Street attraction on 28 July 2021 depicts the group in the outfits used in their "Bounce Back" music video. On 23 July, the group released "Kiss My (Uh Oh)" in collaboration with Anne-Marie as the fourth single from her second studio album, Therapy. The music video for the song was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and premiered on Anne-Marie's YouTube channel the same day.

On 19 August, the group announced they would release their first greatest hits album, Between Us, in celebration of the group's ten-year anniversary. The album's lead single, "Love (Sweet Love)", was announced on 30 August 2021 and was released on 3 September. In October 2021, it was revealed that Little Mix was the ninth-most-played female artist of the 21st century in the United Kingdom so far and the only girl group in the top ten. Between Us was released in November 2021, featuring five new songs. On 11 November 2021, a day before Between Us was released, the group was featured on the covers of DIY and Attitude magazines to promote the album. In the same month, Little Mix won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best UK & Ireland Act, their fifth win in the category.

On 2 December 2021, the group announced that they would be going on hiatus following the completion of their planned Confetti Tour in 2022 in order to "recharge" and work on solo projects. In December 2021, Amazon named Little Mix as one of biggest artists of 2021 year on Amazon Music. In 2021, Vevo UK revealed that Little Mix was the top female act of that year and the only British act to appear on the list top ten. On 19 December 2021, the group received two nominations for the 2022 Brit Awards, for Group of the Year and International Song of the Year for "Heartbreak Anthem".

On 27 January 2022, Little Mix was nominated at the 2022 iHeartRadio Music Awards for Dance Song of The Year with "Heartbreak Anthem". On 3 February, it was announced that the group was Sony Music's tenth biggest selling global act of 2021, with their greatest hits album, Between Us, being one of their biggest selling album globally from that year.

On 5 April 2022, the group was nominated for "Best Group" at the Global Awards. Between April and May 2022 the group embarked on The Confetti Tour, which started on 9 April 2022 at the SSE Arena in Belfast, and concluded on 14 May 2022 at The O2 Arena in London. Following the first of their two shows at Glasgow's OVO Hydro Arena, they were commended and awarded a framed plaque to commemorate them becoming the band that has played the most dates, the group with the highest all-time ticket sales at the arena. After their second show, the Ovo Hydro Arena tweeted that Little Mix also now held the record for the "most tickets sold for a single all-seated show by a musical act" at the venue.

On 26 April 2022, Little Mix announced they would be live streaming their final tour date at The O2 Arena, in London. The stream is titled Little Mix: The Last Show (For Now...) and was available to both stream live and for a limited cinema release on 14 May 2022. Tickets were made available along with merchandise on 27 April 2022, with a portion of proceeds being donated to the charities Child Poverty Action Group and Choose Love. On 6 May 2022, Little Mix announced they plan to reunite in the future following their hiatus after The Confetti Tour. They stated they have decided to manage their own solo releases, and have no plans to release music around the same time as one another to avoid clashing on the charts. In the same month, the group appeared on The One Show, which was their last interview before their hiatus. Before the group had entered their hiatus, Edwards admitted they were already planning a timeframe for their return, with her suggesting that their break may last two years.

On 21 May 2022, Little Mix was named as the second  most richest celebrities on Times' The UK Young Music Rich List (30 or Under) with a net worth of 60 million. On 20 June, it was revealed that the group was the fourth most played artist of 2021 in the UK. On 7 July, Between Us was announced by Official Charts, as the fifth biggest selling album in the UK so far of that year. On 13 July, Little Mix announced a limited vinyl edition of their sixth studio album Confetti, in partnership with UNICEF UK, for their Blue Vinyl series. On 6 August, they released their 2023 edition calendar.

Artistry
Little Mix are mainly a pop, R&B, and dance-pop girl group, with influences from genres including tropical house, latin pop, and electronic music. Their lyrics are often centred around feminism, gender equality, LGBT rights, body positivity, and sexism. All three members possess a three-octave soprano vocal range.

Perrie Edwards cites Christina Aguilera, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Michael Jackson and Steve Perry from the American rock band Journey as her musical influences. Jesy Nelson cites Spice Girls, TLC and Missy Elliott as her musical influences. Leigh Anne Pinnock cites Rihanna and Mariah Carey as her biggest influences. Jade Thirlwall references Diana Ross as her favourite singer. Little Mix cite Beyoncé, Michael Jackson, Destiny's Child, En Vogue, Rihanna and TLC as their musical influences.

Public image and impact
Since winning the British version of The X Factor in 2011, Little Mix have gone onto to become one of the show's most successful acts. During their decade together before the group announced their hiatus in 2021, they was often labelled as "the biggest girl group in the world" with The Times citing them "as the most successful girl group since the Spice Girls, and Variety describing them as the biggest girl group since the Spice Girls. The group have been named as one of the greatest girl groups of all time, with Billboard naming them as one of the most successful girl groups of the 10s decade. In 2022, Us Weekly Magazine named them as one of the best girl groups of all time.

Little Mix was named by Forbes, as one of the most influential acts in Europe, referring to them "as this decade's answer to Spice Girls". In 2021, the group received their own wax figures at Madame Tussauds, with them commenting "From their award-winning music, to inspiring the next generation, Little Mix have been a massive part of the past decade and long may that continue!". The group influence has also expanded overseas to Asian countries with their music being covered by numerous kpop idols, groups, and trainees, with Twice citing them as one of their influences. In 2021, Pitchfork, wrote that "Little Mix have captured K-pop's spirit better than any other Western girl group". The group are also known for their strong vocals and signature harmonies.

Little Mix have been hailed as "the feminist girl band of our time". The group have been noted for their involvement with the feminist, girl power, and women's rights movement, with some of their songs' including Power, Salute, and Woman Like Me, being regarded as either girl power or feminist anthems. Their music has often been the subject of numerous topics including feminism, bullying, gender equality, female empowerment, body positivity, and sexism.  In 2021, they was the first girl group to win Best British Group at the Brit Awards 2021, 41 years since it was first introduced and called out the music industry for its white male dominance, misogyny, sexism and lack of diversity during their acceptance speech.

Little Mix have amassed a huge following of LGBTQ fans and are cited as LGBTQ+ allies. Writing for Gay Times, Jack Rowe wrote "They've marched in Pride parades, had LGBTQ+ representation in their music videos, and are also vocal supporters of our community. Their concerts offers a safe space to LGBTQ+ people to be who they are without fear of judgement". At the Attitude Awards ceremony, in 2018, the group were awarded for using their platform to advocate for LGBTQ+ rights and in 2019, was a recipient of a British LGBT Award. Their 2016 single "Secret Love Song" is also regarded as a gay anthem, and is credited to helping people come to terms with their own sexuality and feelings. In 2021, Glamour honoured them as Women of the Year Gamechangers in Music.

Little Mix are listed one of the most influential people in the UK after appearing on Debrett's list of the most influential people in the UK, and the Forbes 30 Under 30 list in 2018. The group have appeared on the Sunday Times "Young Rich List" for five consecutive years from 2017 to 2022 with a estimated net worth of 60 million. They was named by DIY as one of the most defining pop groups of our generation. Little Mix have become one Britain's biggest selling acts and one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, with estimated sales of over 75 million records worldwide.

Other ventures

Little Mix Uncancelled
After Little Mix's 2020 summer tour was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on 30 July 2020, the group announced on their social media that they would be performing a virtual concert, titled Little Mix Uncancelled (stylised as 'Little Mix UNCancelled'). On 21 August 2020, the group performed the concert at Knebworth House, where they had also filmed their "Woman Like Me" music video in 2018. The concert showcased the live premiere of "Break Up Song" and "Holiday". It also has two exclusive performances for Compare The Market account holders. Little Mix Uncancelled was nominated at the 2020 MTV Europe Music Awards for Best Virtual Live, a special category created as a result of the pandemic.

Little Mix The Search

On 17 October 2019, it was announced that the group were set to launch a talent series on BBC One titled Little Mix The Search, in which they would create and mentor new bands, with the winners joining them on their Summer 2020 Tour. The series was set to premiere in April 2020, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It began airing on 26 September 2020, with the winner set to support the group on their Confetti Tour in 2021.

Products and endorsements

In May 2012, Little Mix launched a Union Flag-themed pack of M&M's and performed at the M&M's World store in London. That year they also released their first book, called Ready to Fly. The title is a reference to their debut single "Wings". The book was published through HarperCollins and documents the group's journey since auditioning for The X Factor. The girl group signed a joint deal with toymaker Vivid and music merchandiser Bravado to release a range of products including dolls, puzzles, accessories and games in November.

During 2012, Little Mix also unveiled a children's clothing range with clothing retailer Primark. The line was aimed at 7–13 year olds and was composed of accessories, T-shirts, leggings and nightwear. In 2013, the group promoted Schwarzkopf hair dye Live Colour XXL through their music video for "How Ya Doin'?". That year, the group also launched a range of nails and nail wraps in partnership with Elegant Touch and New Look. In early 2014, Little Mix launched their new range of nails with Elegant Touch as a result of the previous success. In September 2013, Little Mix launched their first makeup line with Collection. During May 2014, the group teamed up with Vibe Audio to bring out Little Mix zip cable headphones.

In June 2015, Little Mix launched their debut fragrance "Gold Magic". In December 2015, it was announced that Little Mix would be the new global ambassadors for the women's fitness brand USA Pro. In July 2016, Little Mix launched their second fragrance "Wishmaker". In 2017, their third fragrance, "Wishmaker Party Edition" was released. In 2018, Little Mix partnered with dry shampoo brand, Colab. Later that year, Little Mix released limited edition skin care products in partnership with Simple, a skin care brand owned by Unilever, with the group being involved in creating the packaging for the products. Little Mix's partnership with Simple continued in 2019 and 2020, continuing in partnership with anti-bullying charity Ditch the Label, and aims to tackle online bullying. The group also launched the 'Choose Kindness' campaign with the latter together with a new skin care range. Their fourth fragrance, Style, was also released. In September 2018, Little Mix released their second makeup line, LMX Beauty in Boots UK. On 7 November 2019, Little Mix released their first clothing collection with PrettyLittleThing.

Philanthropy
Little Mix took part in the recording of the 2011 X Factor charity single along with the finalists of The X Factor 2011 and previous X Factor contestants JLS and One Direction. They covered the 1978 hit single "Wishing on a Star" by Rose Royce. All proceeds from the single went to the children's charity Together for Short Lives, which provides ongoing care and support for seriously and terminally ill children, young people and their families from the moment of diagnosis. The song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart with first-week sales of 98,932 copies. In 2012, the group performed their single "Change Your Life" on the Children In Need 2012 broadcast appeal show, helping raise over £26,757,446 for the cause which helps disadvantaged children in the UK. Little Mix also appeared at the two-part charity concert Children in Need Rocks 2013 to raise money for the campaign, performing a medley of their singles "Change Your Life", "DNA" and "Wings". The concert was broadcast on BBC One during the Children In Need week.

In March 2014, Little Mix teamed up with BeatBullying, the largest anti-bullying organisation in Europe. The quartet is backing the anti-bullying media campaign "The Big March" and the #DeleteCyberbullying project. The campaign is urging the European Commission to introduce new laws to protect children from bullying and cyberbullying, for 77 million euros (£57m) to be set aside for services that protect them and for an annual awareness day to promote the movement. Pinnock said: "Myself and the girls have all experienced being bullied at some point in our life. When we see on Twitter that some of our fans are going through it now we find it so upsetting and that's the reason we feel so passionate about this campaign and the work that BeatBullying does." In March 2014, Little Mix released a cover of Cameo's single "Word Up!" as the official single for Sport Relief 2014. The group also visited Liberia to witness the work paid for by the Sport Relief donations. In 2019, Thirlwall and Pinnock climbed Mount Kilimanjaro for Comic Relief.

In March 2021, Little Mix participated in BBC Radio 1's LOL-a-thon for Comic Relief's Red Nose Day in support of helping those who struggle due to the continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. The money raised would also help tackle hunger, homelessness, domestic abuse and mental health stigma.

Little Mix have used their fame as a platform to advocate for female empowerment, body positivity and LGBTQ+ rights.

Discography

 DNA (2012)
 Salute (2013)
 Get Weird (2015)
 Glory Days (2016)
 LM5 (2018)
 Confetti (2020)

Filmography

Concert tours

Headlining
 DNA Tour (2013)
 The Salute Tour (2014)
 The Get Weird Tour (2016)
 The Glory Days Tour (2017-2018)
 Summer Hits Tour 2018 (2018)
 LM5: The Tour (2019)
 The Confetti Tour (2022)

Supporting
 The X Factor Live Tour (2012)
 Demi Lovato – The Neon Lights Tour (2014)
 Ariana Grande – Dangerous Woman Tour (2017)

Guest
 Taylor Swift – The 1989 World Tour (2015)

Cancelled
 Summer 2020 Tour (2020)

Awards and achievements

Little Mix was the first group to win The X Factor UK, becoming the first girl group to reach the final of the series, with their win marking the first time that a girl group had made it past week seven of the live shows. As of 2022, they remain the only girl group to have won the show. They remain as the winning act with the most number one songs from the series and the most 20 UK Top 40 singles. Their debut single "Wings", made them the only third winners from the show, to follow up their winner's single with a second number-one. Their debut album DNA, reached number four on the US Billboard 200, setting a new record for the highest chart entry for a debut album by British girl group. It also had the highest chart entry there for female group's debut album since Danity Kane in 2006.

In 2015, Black Magic reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, remaining at number one for three consecutive weeks, becoming the first single by a girl group to spend more than one week at number one since sugababes released "About You Now" in 2007. It became the first single by girl group in over a decade to achieve a platinum certification. In the same year Little Mix became the first UK girl group to have their first three studio albums debut in the top fifteen of the Billboard 200. It set a new record for the longest-charting album by a girl group on the UK Albums Chart. Shout Out to My Ex, became the group's fourth number one single in the UK, making them the act with the most number-one singles from The X Factor UK. It later became the second-best selling girl group single released in the UK, behind "Wannabe", by the Spice Girls. It holds the record for the most streamed girl group song in the country with over 196 million streams.

Little Mix's fourth album, Glory Days, made them the eighth girl group to achieve a number-one album in the UK. It also became the fastest-selling number-one album by a girl group in 15 years, since Survivor by Destiny's Child, and achieved the highest first-week UK album sales for a girl group since Spiceworld. It spent five weeks at number one, the longest run at the top for a girl group album since the Spice Girls released Spice in 1996. It holds the record for the longest charting girl group album inside the top 40 on the UK Albums Chart. In 2018, the album became Little Mix's first to reach over a billion streams on Spotify, and became the most streamed girl group album on the platform, and the first girl group album to reach 2 billion streams. "Woman Like Me" became the first song by a girl group to reach number one on the worldwide iTunes chart.

In the 2018, Little mix was the first girl group to have five top-five studio albums on the UK Albums Chart. They are also the first girl group to have three or more albums receive over a billion streams each on the Spotify. They are the girl group with the most platinum music certifications in the United Kingdom and Australia. In 2021, they became the first girl group to accumulate 100 weeks spent in the Top 10 of the UK Official Singles Chart. When "Sweet Melody" reached number one in 2021, it made Little Mix joint 11th on the list of artists with the most number-one singles on the UK Singles Chart. The group also hold the record for the most number-one singles on the Official Big Top 40, with eight in total. Their singles "Shout Out to My Ex", "Touch" and "Black Magic" are three of the most-streamed songs by female artists on the UK's Official Top 40.

The group have embarked on six tours and have sold over three million concert tickets worldwide. Their fourth concert The Glory Days Tour, became the sixth highest-grossing tour of 2017 by a female artists. During the LM5: The Tour in 2019, they received an award from the O2 Arena for their 12 headline shows at the venue. In 2022, Following the first of their two shows at Glasgow's OVO Hydro Arena, they were awarded a framed plaque to commemorate them becoming the band that has played the most dates and the group with the highest all-time ticket sales at the arena. According to Pollstar, they ranked at number 40 for tour earnings, female artists between 2000 and 2019. The group have earned a total of $94 million from all across their tours.

Little Mix have received a number of notable awards including three Brit Awards, six MTV Europe Music Awards, one iHeartRadio Music Award, six Global Music Awards, four Glamour Awards and one British LGBT Award. At the 2017 Brit Awards, they won their first ever Brit Award for Best British Single for "Shout Out to My Ex". In 2019 they won the fan-voted award for British Artist Video of the Year, making them the first girl group to win the award since the Spice Girls in 1997. At the 2021 Brit Awards, they became the first girl group to win the award for Best British Group. They are the act with the most wins for best UK & Ireland act at the MTV Europe Music Awards, winning five awards in total. In 2021 they were given the Women of the Year Gamechangers in Music award at the Glamour Awards.

The group have appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK, the Forbes "30 Under 30" list in 2018, and the Sunday Times "Young Rich List" for four years from 2017 to 2021, with an estimated net worth of £66.7 million as of 2021.  They have been described as one of the best girl groups of all time. They are one of the best-selling girl groups of all time, with sales of over 50 million records. Little Mix are one of the most streamed girl group's on Spotify and are the first girl group to have multiple albums reach over a billion combined streams on the platform. They hold the record for the most streamed girl group on Spotify. They are also the first girl group to reaxh hit 5, 6, and 7 billion streams on the platform. Their fourth studio album Glory Days, also holds the record for being the most streamed girl group and is the first album by a girl group to hit 2 billion streams. They once held the record for the most music videos to reach a 100 million views on YouTube before being surpassed by Korean girl group Twice, in 2021.

As of 2021, Little Mix has sold over 28 million singles in the UK and over 3.6 million albums. They have achieved 31 Top 40 singles, nineteen top ten singles, and five number one singles. The group's singles has charted for 630 weeks on the UK Singles Chart with their albums reaching 429 weeks. Little Mix has also amassed over 12 billion streams worldwide, including over 7 billion streams on YouTube. In 2020, it was reported by the Official Charts, that the group has amassed over 1.9 billion streams in the UK.

Notes

References

External links

2011 establishments in England
English musical trios
English pop girl groups
English vocal groups
Brit Award winners
MTV Europe Music Award winners
British contemporary R&B musical groups
Musical groups established in 2011
Musical groups from London
The X Factor (British TV series) winners
Teen pop groups
Vocal quartets
Vocal trios
21st-century British women singers
Feminist musicians
RCA Records artists

Little Mix


The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations (CAFN) is a First Nation band government in Yukon, Canada. Historically its original population centres were Champagne (home of the Kwächä̀l kwäch'ǟn - "Champagne people/band") and Aishihik (home of the Äshèyi kwäch'ǟn - ″Aishihik people/band″), with bands active in both coastal and interior areas.

Most of its citizens have moved to Haines Junction to take advantage of services offered there, such as schools. The First Nation government has its main administrative offices there. Other settlements used included Klukshu. Many also live in Whitehorse where the First Nation government has offices. The language originally spoken by the Champagne and Aishihik people was Southern Tutchone.

The Champagne and Aishihik First Nations was one of the first four First Nations to sign a land claims agreement in 1992. The First Nation is also pursuing a land claim in its traditional territory in the northwestern corner of British Columbia.

History
In 1999, the mummified remains of a man were found by a group of hunters in a glacier in Tatshenshini-Alsek Park in British Columbia, Canada. Radiocarbon dating of artifacts found with the body placed its age at between 300 and 550 years.  Researchers contacted Champagne and Aishihik First Nations about the find before making any announcement. Their representatives visited the site and named the body as Kwäday Dän Ts'ìnchi, "Long Ago Man Found" in their language of Southern Tutchone.

DNA and other scientific testing was done with the agreement of the First Nations representatives. In 2007, mitochondrial DNA testing of 241 area volunteers of the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations revealed 17 living persons who are related to Kwäday Dän Ts'ìnchi through their direct maternal line. Among them were Sheila Clark and Pearl Callaghan, two of seven sisters. Clark said of the findings, "It was extremely moving. I couldn't believe it."

Fifteen of the 17 related individuals identify as Wolf clan, suggesting the man may also have belonged to the Wolf clan. In the matrilineal kinship system, children are considered born into their mother's clan and descent is figured by the mother's line. The individuals were split roughly in half between those who lived in coastal areas and those who lived inland, reflecting historic territories of bands.
As arranged by the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, after the tests they had the remains of the man cremated and buried with ceremony near where they were found in Tatshenshini-Alsek Park.

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Champagne Landing 10 had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

References

External links
Champagne and Aishihik First Nations web site
Champagne and Aishihik First Nation profile, Government of Canada's Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development

First Nations in Yukon
First Nations governments in Yukon
Southern Tutchone

Champagne and Aishihik First Nations


Anne Marie Louise (Marieke) Wijsman (born 9 May 1975) is a Dutch former speed skater who represented her country in two Winter Olympics, and who was the first female speed skater to compete internationally on clap skates.

Early years
Wijsman was born in Leusden, near Utrecht, Netherlands, and became a member of a local speed skating club in Ankeveen during the 1988-89 season. She first competed at the age of thirteen at the Jaap Edenbaan in Amsterdam, where she fell in the 500m race due to nervousness. In the second 500m race she recovered and finished in 1:07.1, while she skated in her first competitive 1000m race that same weekend, finishing with a time of 2:44.0. In her first-ever competitive races as part of a team, she skated 53.10 in the 500m and 2:53.80 in the 1500m. In following years, she improved steadily as her training capabilities gradually increased.

In 1992, Wijsman participated in a Dutch national championship for the first time, at the Supersprint Championships in Groningen, where she finished in 17th place. In 1994, she was placed 8th in the Dutch national junior A allround championships, thus earning a spot on the regional district team. In December 1995, while on this district team, she took part in her first international race, in Hamar, where the skating components of the 1994 Winter Olympics had been held. At the 1996 KNSB Dutch Single Distance Championships in Groningen, Wijsman won the title of Dutch national 1500m champion.

National team
Wijsman's early success led her to be promoted onto the national team, which at the time was headed by Eddy Verheijen. She qualified for World Cup meetings in South Korea and Japan, and became the first female skater to compete in international races on clap skates. Her international win took place on 11 January 1997 in Milwaukee in the 1000 m of the B-Group. Later, in 1997, she was promoted again, this time into the Kernploeg, which is the most renowned team managed by the KNSB, which at the time was headed by Peter Mueller.

1998 Olympics - 2000
She has taken part in several World Cups, winning two B-Group races over 1000 and 1500m in Baselga di Pine and Innsbruck; World Sprint Championships in Hamar, where she came in 20th place; and also qualified for the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In Nagano she finished 24th in the 500m and 20th in the 1000m. Later that year she took part in the World Single Distance Championships over 1500m, in Calgary, where she finished in 13th place. The following year she finished in 6th place in the World Cup standings and 9th at the World Single Distance Championships, both over 1500m. She qualified for the 2000 European and World Allround Championships, finishing in 11th and 14th position respectively. In February 2000, she won a bronze medal at the Dutch Sprint Championships in Utrecht, and also finished 18th at the Sprint World Championships in Seoul.

2001 - 2006
In January 2001, she won another World Cup race in the B-Group, this time a 1000m race in Helsinki. A month later she had a hard fall and suffered a skull fracture. Though she recovered, she was not selected for any of the Kernploeg teams. She trained on Marianne Timmer's professional team for a while, but as this team did not last long, she was shortly on her own again. However, in that period she won another B-Group World Cup 500m race in Heerenveen, won another bronze medal at the Dutch National Sprint Championships, finished 11th in the World Sprint Championships, and qualified for the 2002 Winter Olympics, her second Olympics, which was held in Salt Lake City. There she finished 18th in both the 500m and the 1000m. Following the 2002 Olympics and with help from Tjalling van den Bosch, she was sponsored to start her own professional team. During the summer of 2002 she trained with Peter Mueller again, but when Van den Bosch became a fitness coach with the American national speed skating team, she moved with him to Salt Lake City to prepare for the 2004 season and the 2006 Winter Olympics. This training resulted in Wijsman winning a silver medal in the 2003 Dutch Sprint Championships. At the 2003 World Sprint Championships she only placed 23rd, but at the 2003 World Single Distance Championships she was 12th in the 500m and 13th in the 1000m.

Though Wijsman had a good relationship with Van den Bosch, they decided to go separate ways at the end of the 2004-05 season, after Wijsman finished 23rd at the World Sprint Championships. In June 2005, she began to train with the KNSB regional top team again, on which she participated in several World Cup meets and the World Sprint Championships in Heerenveen, where she placed 16th. She won a B-Group race over 1000m in Milwaukee, but was unable to qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics. In the summer of 2006, she applied for a job with the police and was hired. A contract was signed between the police station and the KNSB making sure that Wijsman was still able to compete in speed skating while learning to become a general police officer. Together with Frouke Oonk, she then joined the team of Chris Witty, who quit her international career after the 2006 Olympics to begin training her own team.

Wijsman's last notable result was a B-Group World Cup win over 500m in Heerenveen, which took place on 11 November 2006.

Retirement
In late December 2006, Marieke Wijsman ended her international career as a speed skater in order to devote herself to working as a police officer.

Wijsman is openly lesbian.

References

1975 births
Living people
Dutch police officers
Dutch female speed skaters
Lesbian sportswomen
Dutch lesbians
Dutch LGBT sportspeople
Olympic speed skaters for the Netherlands
People from Leusden
Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
LGBT speed skaters
Sportspeople from Utrecht (province)

Marieke Wijsman


David Ross McCord, KC (18 March 1844 – 12 April 1930) was a Canadian lawyer and philanthropic founder of the McCord Museum in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Life and career
McCord was born in Montreal to a family of lawyers and businessmen of Irish origin who had emigrated to Canada around the year 1760. He was the fourth child of John Samuel McCord (1801–1865), Judge of the Supreme Court, and Anne Ross, a daughter of David Ross (1770–1837) Q.C., of Montreal, Seigneur of St. Gilles de Beaurivage. His parents, in an upper class, bilingual marriage, inculcated in McCord a love of art (his father was a connoisseur and his mother was an accomplished watercolour artist) and science from an early age.  Educated at the High School of Montreal, on leaving school  he decided to continue the family tradition and study law at McGill University, eventually becoming a magistrate who gained fame by intervening on behalf of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada.

In 1878 McCord proposed the establishment of a national museum for Canadian history in his maternal city. His collection was first housed in his home and in 1919 his "collection was moved to Jesse Joseph House on the McGill University campus. On October 13, 1921, the McCord Museum opened its doors with a collection of 15,000 artifacts from McCord's personal collections.  Nine years later, McCord died in Guelph, Ontario.  Upon his death, the university took charge of the museum, which today has more than 1.2 million objects.

McCord married Letitia Caroline Chambers (1841–1928). They lived at the old McCord family home, Temple Grove, on the Côte-des-Neiges, Montreal. They are buried together in the Mount Royal Cemetery.

In 2005, the Government of Canada Historic Sites and Monuments Board, placed a plaque outside the McCord Museum in Montreal that reads:

David McCord created one of the earliest and most important collections of objects, images and manuscripts associated with the history of Canada. Convinced that an understanding of the past strengthens national identity, he devoted most of his life and personal fortune to gathering and documenting some 15,000 items related to Aboriginal, French and British history in North America. This man of vision bequeathed his outstanding collection to McGill University, which fulfilled his dream of founding a museum for the benefit of all Canadians.

References

Canadian philanthropists
Canadian art collectors
High School of Montreal alumni
Lawyers from Montreal
McGill University Faculty of Law alumni
1844 births
1930 deaths
Anglophone Quebec people
Museum founders
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Quebec people of Irish descent
Canadian lawyers
Canadian King's Counsel
Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery

David Ross McCord


The Encyclopedia of American Studies (EAS) covers the history and culture of the United States, from pre-colonial days to the present, and the American Studies movement. The Encyclopedia of American Studies first appeared in 2001 as a four-volume print edition, published by Grolier Press. The EAS was sponsored by the American Studies Association, which appointed an editorial board consisting of Johnnella Butler, Robert Gross, and Miles Orvell. (Robert Gross was replaced by Jay Mechling during the first year of planning.) The intent behind the EAS was to create a work that would serve the needs of scholars, graduate students, college students and a high school audience, a work that would be accessible yet authoritative and that would cover the range of American history and culture from an interdisciplinary perspective. Articles in the EAS range from the singular features of American material culture (e.g. the Statue of Liberty or Barbie Dolls) to the broadest concepts of American intellectual culture (e.g. Exceptionalism and Millennialism) as well as the methods and theories of American Studies.

In 2003 the EAS appeared in its initial online version, and in 2005 Johns Hopkins University Press took over as publisher, working with the American Studies Association, and making the EAS a regular benefit of membership in the ASA. Miles Orvell served as Editor in Chief of the online version until 2011 and organized an EAS Advisory Board appointed by the American Studies Association. In 2011, Simon J. Bronner, distinguished professor of American Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg, took over the reins of the EAS as Editor in Chief. Participation in the EAS grew with the involvement of students, staff, faculty, and regional scholars around the doctoral program in American Studies at Penn State Harrisburg in addition to an international roster of contributors and advisory board members. The online version added illustrations, related web links, and bibliographic listings to the original entries. The EAS also sponsored a Forum on the American Studies Association website with essays related to the mission of the Encyclopedia such as "Encyclopedias and American Studies" with a panel of encyclopedia editors and "Organizing a Class on Organizing" by Mark Rudd. The EAS is expanded and updated quarterly, with an ever-growing database of articles, illustrations, and bibliographies that stay current with the evolution of American Studies scholarship. In 2011, the EAS had over 700 entries, including new topics such as "transnationalism," "American Studies: A Discipline," and "Women and Labor."

External links

 American Studies Association Homepage

Publications established in 2008
American studies journals
History of the United States journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Johns Hopkins University Press books
American Studies
American Studies
Area studies encyclopedias

Encyclopedia of American Studies


Lord of Tears, also known as The Owlman, is a 2013 Scottish low-budget horror film directed by Lawrie Brewster and was his horror film directorial debut. The film first released on 25 October 2013 in Whitby at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival, where it won two awards. The film follows a Scottish schoolteacher that begins to see visions of the Owl Man, a strange figure that he was obsessed with as a child. The film was followed by The Unkindness of Ravens and The Black Gloves, both directed by Lawrie Brewster.

Plot
James Findlay (Euan Douglas) is an average school teacher that has been estranged from his mother for years and has only returned to her home to settle her estate after her death. This somewhat baffles his friend Allen Milton (Jamie Scott Gordon), as his own father is undergoing a serious illness and is unlikely to recover. James discovers via letters that he stands to inherit two houses from her: one small and average, the other a large mansion that he is urged to never again visit. Confused, James ignores her request and moves into the house in hopes of making sense of everything, as he cannot remember his early childhood but does vaguely remember living at the house during this time. Soon after he arrives he meets the beautiful American, Eve Turner (Lexy Hulme), who lives nearby in a set of renovated stables. He also finds evidence that he had a mental breakdown as a child, brought about by visions of a creature known as the "Owl Man" (David Schofield).

As James stays at the mansion he begins to fall in love with Eve while also discovering that the house sits atop a series of catacombs and that his parents dabbled in pagan magic in order to achieve fortune. He eventually begins to recall more from his past even as the Owl Man's presence begins to grow increasingly ominous, culminating in James discovering that his parents had been worshipping Moloch, who would grant wishes in exchange for a sacrifice. This causes James to regain his lost memories, discovering that Moloch had been manifesting himself as the Owl Man and that he was supposed to be the sacrifice that Moloch demanded. His parents were unwilling to offer James, so they took in an orphaned American girl as a nanny and murdered her in James's stead, claiming that as they had been her guardians, she was a reasonable substitute. James then realizes that this girl was Eve, which has the unfortunate effect of making Eve remember the events as well and turn into a menacing figure intent on driving James insane via a series of attacks. He tries to flee from the house but finds that Moloch will not allow him to leave.

Moloch claims to have no ill will against James; rather his anger is directed at his now deceased parents. He tells James that only finding Eve's bones and putting them to rest will end the haunting and free him. If he does not, Moloch will haunt him forever. James is able to find Eve's bones and puts them to rest in the front yard. Her soul free, Eve leaves the grounds, as a heartbroken James begs her not to go.

James visits his friend Allen and tells his story, horrified that his parents made such a monstrous choice, and states that he would not have done the same. Standing up, James feels woozy. He realizes that Allen has poisoned him and plans to kill him using the ritual sacrifice to appease Moloch. Clearly upset, Allen begs for James to forgive him even as he is killing him, explaining that Moloch came to him and offered to save his father (Neil Cooper) if he completed the sacrifice. The film then cuts to Allen driving his father home from the hospital, with a haunted look on his face. The film ends at back to the mansion, where a light suddenly turns on in the catacombs, and a new skull rests in a ceremonial fashion, hinting that James's ghost has taken the place of Eve's and will remain there until another sacrifice is performed.

Cast
David Schofield as the Owlman
Lexy Hulme as Eve Turner
Euan Douglas as James Findlay
Jamie Scott Gordon as Allen Milton (as Jamie Gordon)
Alan Ireby as Solicitor
Neil Cooper as Michael Milton
Nancy Joy Page as Flora May Findlay
Graham Robertson as Henry Findlay
Jock Ferguson as Taxi Driver

Production

Brewster came up with the concept for Lord of Tears while researching Pagan folklore of the Scottish Highlands and discovering the Owlman. He also drew inspiration from Japanese horror films, as he saw that these films heavily utilized their native mythology, which prompted Brewster to want to create a film that did the same with Scottish mythology. Filming took place in Scotland in the Scottish Highlands, Dysart, and Kirkcaldy over a two-week period and completed production in fall of 2012. After filming was complete Brewster ran a successful Kickstarter campaign to gain funding to produce marketing materials, finish the movie's soundtrack, and to send the movie out to film festivals.

Release
Lord of Tears had its world premiere on 25 October 2013 in Whitby at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival. It went on to feature at several other film festivals including the Belfast Film Festival and the H.P. Lovecraft Film Festival. The film received a limited DVD and Blu-ray collector's edition release in 2013 through Brewster's Hex Media and was packaged with the film's soundtrack, a printed booklet, and a downloadable electronic booklet. This release received special note for its shipping packaging, as purchasers received the DVD set wrapped in black tissue paper and topped by a single owl feather. The collector's version later sold out, prompting Hex Media to announce that they were going to release a new three disc special edition that would include new content and that the film would have a new edit, updated color treatment, and sound effects.

On 27 June 2014 Lord of Tears received a video on demand release through Vimeo. The film was retitled The Owlman for its UK DVD release through 88 Films in March 2016.

Reception

Critical reception for Lord of Tears has been mixed, with audience reviews being more negative than certain film critics. Bloody Disgusting praised the film's acting and later marked it as one of their best films for 2013. Starburst gave the film 8 out of 10 stars, commenting that the film's selling point might lead some into mistakenly believing that the film was a monster movie rather than the ghost story it is, but commented that "Brewster's confident direction allows the film to develop naturally." Ain't It Cool News cited the film's simplicity as a highlight as they felt that Brewster made effective use of the Scottish landscape. Fearnet's Scott Weinberg opined that while the movie did have a few "typical indie-style missteps", they were ultimately minor and that overall he enjoyed the film. HorrorNews.net gave the film a positive review, commending the film's soundtrack, and performances, writing, "Rather than just going the route of horror only, the film tackles things intelligently while also paying slight homage to its roots."

Awards
Audience Award at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival (2013, won)
Best Female Lead at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival (2013, won - Lexy Hulme)

References

External links

2013 films
2013 horror films
British horror films
Scottish films
Films shot in Scotland
Films directed by Lawrie Brewster
2013 directorial debut films
English-language Scottish films
2010s English-language films
2010s British films

Lord of Tears


Linda Mary MacWhinney (; 1 July 1888 – 5 June 1951) was an Irish nurse and Fianna Fáil politician.

Early life
Born in Cloonagh, Dromard, County Sligo, she was one of eight children born to Thomas and Catherine "Nora" (née Clarke) Kearns. From 1907, she studied and trained to be a nurse. She had not been interested in nationalism or republicanism prior to the Easter Rising and had intended to serve as a nurse in France during World War I until a chance meeting with Thomas MacDonagh changed her mind and radicalised her.

Easter Rising
Two days after the insurgents seized the Dublin GPO during the Easter Rising in April 1916, Kearns, a nurse, took over an empty building on North Great George's Street. She hung a Red Cross flag above the door and welcomed casualties of the fighting, from both sides of the conflict. However, as she had treated republican volunteers during the uprising, the British Army ordered Kearns to close her unofficial hospital. She did so, with great reluctance.

After the Rising

She realised she had skills that could be useful in times of war. After the Rising she went into private nursing. She was the nurse to the O'Connor Morris family in Tullamore and traveled extensively with them. After Maurice O'Connor Morris's death on 11 February 1916, he left Linda an inheritance of £2,500. She was able to purchase a car, which would later come in useful during the Irish War of Independence when she worked as a courier for Michael Collins transporting information and sometimes arms. Her status as a nurse helped her evade detection until she was caught in November 1920 in Sligo transporting firearms. The county inspector reported her arrest as follows:

In a statement to the Bureau of Military History in 1950, Kearns alleged she was badly beaten during her arrest by a Black and Tan Officer, so much so she suffered permanent damage to her teeth. She was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. She served time in a number of Irish prisons before being sent to Walton Prison in Liverpool, where she went on hunger strike.

From there she was sent to Mountjoy Prison. In October 1921, she famously escaped from Mountjoy Jail with three other women, Mae Burke, Eileen Keogh, and Eithne Coyle. The escape had been personally arranged by Michael Collins, and it made international headlines, featuring in the New York Times on 31 October 1921 under the heading "Four Women Break Jail".

Following their escape, Kearns and her fellow escapees split up and were taken to individual safe houses. However, they were each visited by a man calling himself Seamus Burke, who had previously visited them in Mountjoy claiming to be an IRA man, and were told they needed to be regrouped. The four were not long back together when they were notified in a message from Michael Collins that Seamus Burke was, in fact, a British spy who was trying to regroup them so that they could all be re-arrested together. They were ordered to immediately move to an IRA training camp in Duckett's Grove, County Carlow. The four women remained there until the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

Her memoir, In Times of Peril, leaves from the Diary of Nurse Linda Kearns from Easter Week 1916 to Mountjoy 1921 was edited by Annie M.P. Smithson in 1922.

In 1924–25, she conducted a successful fundraising tour of Australia on behalf of Republican causes.

Linda Kearns was one of five women elected to the executive of Fianna Fail when it was formed in 1926.

She was elected to Seanad Éireann on the Industrial and Commercial Panel in April 1938. She was defeated at the Seanad election of August 1938.

Personal life
She married Wilson Charles MacWhinney in 1929. MacWhinney was formerly a Commanding Officer in Derry Brigade IRA during the war of Independence before moving to Dublin in 1924. Together they had one daughter, Ann, in 1930.

See also
List of members of the Oireachtas imprisoned during the Irish revolutionary period

References

External links
In times of peril: leaves from the diary of Nurse Linda Kearns from Easter week, 1916, to Mountjoy, 1921, edited by Annie M.P. Smithson, held at Villanova University's Falvey Memorial Library.

1888 births
1951 deaths
Fianna Fáil senators
Irish nurses
Members of the 2nd Seanad
20th-century women members of Seanad Éireann
Politicians from County Sligo
Politicians from County Dublin
Women in war in Ireland
Health professionals from County Sligo
Industrial and Commercial Panel senators

Linda Kearns MacWhinney