Production could mean:

Production in an economic sense:
Economic production, in macroeconomics: producing goods and services by use of factors of production
Production, costs, and pricing, in microeconomics: the act of making things, see: product
Manufacturing, a branch of industry that makes goods for sale out of raw materials.
Film production, a motion picture project
Television production, producing television programs
Record producer, in music, preparing a record to be sold commercially
Mass production, the large-scale production of standardized products using an assembly line
Assembly line, a basic concept of mass production
Video production, creating video for live production and post production

Related uses
Lexeme production, in communications, an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics
A production, in theatre, can be a play, opera, dance, ballet, or musical

Related pages
Producer (disambiguation page)
Productivity
Labor productivity
Political economy
Constitutional economics

Production


The Delaware Art Museum is an art museum located on the Kentmere Parkway in Wilmington, Delaware, which holds a collection of more than 12,000 objects. The museum was founded in 1912 as the Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts in honor of the artist Howard Pyle. The collection focuses on American art and illustration from the 19th to the 21st century, and on the English Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood movement of the mid-19th century.

The museum building was expanded and renovated in 2005 and includes a  Sculpture Park, the Helen Farr Sloan Library and Archives, studio art classes, a children's learning area, as well as a cafe and museum store.

History
The museum was founded in 1912 after Howard Pyle's death as the Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts (WSFA), with over 100 paintings, drawings, and prints purchased from Pyle's widow Anne. Pyle was the best-known American illustrator of his day; he died unexpectedly in 1911 while on a trip to Italy.

Pyle left behind many students and patrons in his home town of Wilmington who wished to honor his memory through the museum, including Frank Schoonover, Stanley Arthurs, and Louisa du Pont Copeland. The museum's charter stated its purpose "to promote the knowledge and enjoyment of and cultivation in the fine arts in the State of Delaware."

From 1912 to 1922, the WSFA did not have a permanent home. It held annual exhibitions at the Hotel duPont of work by Pyle, as well as juried exhibitions of his pupils and other Delaware artists. The Pyle Collection continued to grow due to the largess of Willard S. Morse, who gave over 100 Pyle pen and ink drawings to the WSFA between 1915 and 1919. In 1922, the WSFA rented three rooms in the New Library Building on the corner of 10th and Market Streets in downtown Wilmington.

In 2005, the DAM took out a $24.8 million loan in the form of tax-exempt bonds (to be repaid by 2037) in order to finance an ambitious $32.5 million doubling in size of its building. During the 2008 financial crisis, its endowment dropped from $33 million to $21 million. In response, the museum sold $30 million worth of art from its collection in order to repay its loans and increase its endowment, a move that brought sanctions from the Association of Art Museum Directors.

Bancroft donation

In 1931, the estate of Samuel Bancroft contacted the WSFA with an offer to donate a collection of Pre-Raphaelite works, along with 11 acres of land to house a museum for the collection.  Bancroft acquired the collection beginning in the 1890s and it is the "largest and most important collection of British Pre-Raphaelite art and manuscript materials in the United States." Despite the hardships of the Great Depression, the WSFA raised $350,000 for the new building which opened in 1938.  At the same time, the name was changed to Delaware Art Center. The new building was designed by architects Victorine & Samuel Homsey and associate architect G. Morris Whiteside II.

Expansion
The WSFA moved into the Delaware Art Center in June 1938, with the Wilmington Academy of Fine Arts running educational programs on the ground floor.  The onset of World War II resulted in strict gas rationing, which drastically reduced the attendance to the museum.  The Wilmington Academy of Fine Arts disbanded in 1943 and turned its assets over to the Delaware Art Center,  forming the basis of its education department, which grew to more than 500 students by 1954.

The rapid growth of educational programs after World War II required the Delaware Art Center to expand by 1956.  Studios and training facilities were included in the expansion, thanks to a $300,000 donation by H. Fletcher Brown. A further renovation was completed in 1970, adding air conditioning and humidity control to the building.  In 1972, the Delaware Art Center was awarded accreditation by the American Alliance of Museums.  Shortly thereafter, the Delaware Art Center was renamed the Delaware Art Museum to "reflect the growing strength of its collections, programs, and constituency."

A further expansion was completed in 1987 which effectively doubled the size of the museum.  However, the rapid growth of attendance, programming, and outreach required a further expansion in 2005. During the expansion, the museum hosted programming at what is now the Chase Center on the Riverfront.

Collections
The Delaware Art Museum's collections are predominantly drawn from late 19th- and early 20th-century American illustration, as well as works from the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.  The basis of the museum's collections are the works of Howard Pyle and his pupils N.C. Wyeth, Frank Schoonover, and Stanley Arthurs.  Helen Farr Sloan was the wife of artist John French Sloan, and she began donations in 1961 that eventually totalled 5,000 objects.

Since the 1970s, the museum has added works by modern artists such as Jacob Lawrence, Louise Nevelson, Robert Motherwell, George Segal, and Jim Dine. The permanent collections at the museum include the following:

Pre-Raphaelite Collection

The Samuel and Mary R. Bancroft Pre-Raphaelite Collection, including works by:
Ford Madox Brown
Edward Burne-Jones
Julia Margaret Cameron
Walter Crane
Kate Greenaway
William Holman Hunt
John Everett Millais
Albert Joseph Moore
William Morris
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Frederick Sandys
Elizabeth Siddal
Simeon Solomon
Marie Spartali Stillman
George Frederic Watts

19th Century American art
American Art of the 19th Century, including works by:
Jefferson David Chalfant
Frederic Edwin Church
Thomas Dewing
Winslow Homer
George Inness
Raphaelle Peale
Severin Roesen
Augustus Saint-Gaudens
John Henry Twachtman

American illustration

Howard Pyle and his students
From the "Golden Age of Illustration":
Howard Pyle
Frank Schoonover
N.C. Wyeth

Other American illustration
Including works by:
Charles Dana Gibson
Elizabeth Shippen Green
John Held, Jr.
J. C. Leyendecker
Thomas Nast
Coles Phillips

American art of the early 20th Century

 Ashcan School (The Eight), including works by:
John Sloan
Robert Henri
George Luks
 Other artists, including works by:
Charles E. Burchfield
Lydia Field Emmet
John D. Graham
Marsden Hartley
Edward Hopper
Jacob Lawrence
Paul Manship
Reginald Marsh
William Zorach

Post-World War II American art
Including works by:
Deborah Butterfield
Grace Hartigan
Al Held
Robert Indiana
Edward L. Loper, Sr.
David Lund
Louise Nevelson
Mark Tobey
Andrew Wyeth

Helen Farr Sloan Library

Two separate libraries opened in the new Delaware Art Center building in 1938: one centered on the collection of Howard Pyle, and the other centering on Samuel Bancroft, Jr. and his collections of Victorian books and books on Pre-Raphaelite painting.  In 1978 Helen Farr Sloan donated the collections of her husband, the John Sloan Manuscript and Library Collection.  A consolidated library opened in 1985 in the new Pamela and Lammot du Pont Copeland wing and was named in honor of Mrs. Sloan.  It contains over 30,000 volumes and 1,000 boxes of personal papers, photographs and other material related to John Sloan, Samuel Bancroft, Jr. and Howard Pyle and his students. It recently acquired a copy of The Flower Book by Edward Burne-Jones.  In 2009, the museum received the M.G. Sawyer Collection of Decorative Bindings, which contains over 2,000 volumes.

Copeland Sculpture Garden

The nine acre sculpture garden behind the museum includes nine large sculptures and an old reservoir converted into a labyrinth.

Highlights include the 13-foot-tall bronze Crying Giant by Tom Otterness and Three Rectangles Horizontal Jointed Gyratory III by George Rickey, which moves in the wind.
Joe Moss is represented by a sound sculpture which modifies and distorts nearby sounds.

Exhibitions
The museum presents about ten special exhibitions each year with topics ranging from nationally known modern artists to historical Delaware folk art.  Since 2009 the exhibitions have included the works of Leonard Baskin, Delaware photographer
Fred Comegys, Harold Eugene Edgerton, James Gurney, May Morris, Maxfield Parrish, Ellen Bernard Thompson Pyle, Frank Schoonover, and John Sloan, as well as works from the collection of the Royal Holloway, University of London, and African American Art from the American Folk Art Museum.

Exhibitions have also included the works of Mary Page Evans, Howard Pyle, Katharine Pyle, and Katharine Richardson Wireman, as well as The Flower Book by Edward Burne-Jones.

Studio art education
The museum offers about 100 programs each year, ranging from 8-week classes to 1-day workshops, as well as open studios.  Special classes are offered to adults, teenagers, and children in areas including drawing, painting, photography, jewelry making, and ceramics.

See also

 List of museums in Delaware
 Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts
 Paul R. Jones Collection of African American Art

Artworks
 Found (Rossetti)
 Lady Lilith
 Love's Messenger, by Marie Spartali Stillman, 1885
 Mary Magdalene (Sandys)
 Mnemosyne (Rossetti)
 Veronica Veronese

References

External links

 The Samuel and Mary R. Bancroft Collection of Pre-Raphaelite Art
 Brandywine 10
 First for Friday, Howard Pyle and the Delaware Art Museum, WHYY-TV, November 4, 2011, video 28:50 minutes.
 Where In Wilmington – Delaware Art Museum – March 2008, a joint production of the City Council and the Mayor's office in Wilmington, DE, video 5:23 minutes.
Delaware Art Museum within Google Arts & Culture

1912 establishments in Delaware
Art museums established in 1912
Art museums and galleries in Delaware
Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums
Museums in Wilmington, Delaware
Brandywine Museums & Gardens Alliance
Museums of American art

Delaware Art Museum


Shin Godzilla is an 2016 Japanese drama-science fiction political kaiju film directed by Hideki Anno produced by Toho and Cine Bazar. as a direct sequel to Godzilla (2014). released in Japan as Godzilla Resurgence by July 29, 2016 and United States in October 11, 2016 in theatres. as a 31st film of Godzilla trilogy.

Plot
in 2016, Japan Coast Guard surround an spill by a giant creature named Shin Godzilla as a first form attack Kamata to Ota Ward bashes cars and trucks also building wrecks, Godzilla down. Godzilla runs stop down Shinagawa to target the dinosaur-creature, Godzilla regenerates his body into 57' meter tall self, surrounded by helicopters then the civilians stop firing and escapes Godzilla in the sea. as a 118-meter tall Godzilla wrecks Kamamura to Tokyo surrounded by Apache helicopters aiming Godzilla onto the head and seems durability, Type 10 Army tanks to shoot Godzilla's leg and continue firing the JSDF vehicles, included Howitzers, fighter jets to drop an bombs at Godzilla walks explosion at himself, flung the bridge and fell some tanks. then Godzilla walks through Tokyo, B2-bombers to shoot Godzilla's back and explode his dorsal fins and getting angry with an his dorsal fin tries to glow purple breath, smokes to flaming and lasered the cities, B2s and destroy the buildings and zaps the Prime Minister and other streets, Ginza clock and others well, stops his atomic breath and rest onto Tokyo Station. next day, starting the bombing trains blow the feet, Godzilla awaked continue to destroy the drones and several buildings onto his atomic breath, then the buildings fill the explosives and slammed Shin Godzilla down the skyscrapers and unconscious. the trucks fill many coagulant with crane to freeze Godzilla, and fails, awaked Godzilla, from the rails to follows an E231 and E233 subway trains to blow Godzilla down to the Tokyo Station and finished the coagulant to freezes again the creature, Godzilla bites the trucks and trashing the station and startle to destroy again, then killed Godzilla by freeze soliding his body, Godzilla dies by a freezing solid stands. they complete the mission of Yashiori Strategy for Rando himself. then Godzilla's tail strucked by a mutated skeletons around as a statue.

Cast
 Hiroki Hasegawa as Rando
 Satomi Ishihara as Kayoko Ann Patterson
 Yutaka Takenouchi as Naoko Okumura
 Ren Osugi as Prime Minister Seiji
 Akira Emoto as Ryuta
 Mansai Nomura as Shin Godzilla
The other cast includes Kengo Kora, Ren Osugi, Akira Emoto, Kimiko Yo, Jun Kunimura, Mikako Ichikawa, Pierre Taki, Takumi Saito, Keisuke Koide, Arata Furuta, Sei Hiraizumi, Kenichi Yajima, Tetsu Watanabe, Ken Mitsuishi, Kyūsaku Shimada, Kanji Tsuda, Issei Takahashi, Shinya Tsukamoto, Kazuo Hara, Isshin Inudo, Akira Ogata, Shingo Tsurumi, Suzuki Matsuo, Kreva, Katsuhiko Yokomitsu, and Atsuko Maeda. the voice English language dubs include, Todd Haberkorn as Rando and Godzilla vocalizations, Trina Nishimura, J. Michael Tatum, Kent Williams, Ian Sinclair, Micah Solosud, Kate Oxley, Christopher Bevins, Ed Blaylock, Jeremy Inman, Jeremy Schwartz, Charlie Campbell, R. Bruce Elliott, Rachel Robinson, Barry Yandell, David Wald, John Burgmeier.

Home Media Release
The film was released by DVD in July 18, 2017 by Funimation by United States, Japan released by DVD, Toho Video in 2017.

References

2016 horror movies
2016 thriller movies
Godzilla
2016 science fiction movies
Japanese movies
2010s horror thriller movies
2010s monster movies
Apocalyptic movies
Movies directed by Hideaki Anno
Movies directed by Shinji Higuchi
Movies set in Tokyo
Movies set in Germany
Movies about nuclear war and weapons

Shin Godzilla


Queequeg is a character in the 1851 novel Moby-Dick by American author Herman Melville. The son of a South Sea chieftain who left home to explore the world, Queequeg is the first principal character encountered by the narrator, Ishmael. The quick friendship and relationship of equality between the tattooed cannibal and the white sailor show Melville's basic theme of shipboard democracy as well as his fondness for Polynesians (see Typee, Omoo and Mardi). Once aboard the whaling ship Pequod, Queequeg becomes the harpooner for the mate Starbuck.

Melville drew inspiration for Queequeg from a description in George Lillie Craik's book, The New Zealanders (1830), of Te Pēhi Kupe, a Māori chief of the Ngāti Toa iwi famous for his travels in England.

Description

Queequeg is a native of a fictional island in the South Pacific Ocean named Rokovoko. The island is the home to his primitive tribe, who practice cannibalism, in particular devouring the flesh of enemies slain in battle. Queequeg claims that the only case of indigestion he has suffered was after a feast in which 50 slain enemies were eaten. He displays no shame regarding the practice, describing his people in a matter-of-fact fashion. In port, he prefers a diet of rare red meat, but will settle for whatever is on the menu, such as clam chowder—which is described as "his favorite fishing food."

Although the son of a chief, he chose to leave his island out of curiosity to see more of the world and to experience and evaluate the civilization of the Christian world. At first rejected by the whaler that landed on his island, he skillfully jumped from a canoe and clamped to the side of the boat as it was leaving for the open sea, at which point the captain relented. At the opening of the novel, he is in the port of New Bedford, Massachusetts, having returned from a whaling voyage. Queequeg and Ishmael first meet when Queequeg returns late to the inn where he is staying, not knowing that Ishmael has been booked into the same room with him. Although Queequeg initially threatens to kill Ishmael, and Ishmael initially is afraid of this cannibal, the latter soon decides "better sleep with a sober cannibal than a drunken Christian." Upon waking next morning about daylight, Ishmael finds Queequeg's arm thrown over him in the "most loving and affectionate manner. You had almost thought I had been his wife." Ishmael convinces Queequeg to ship on another whaling expedition with him. At the time of the novel, he has been away from his home island for many years, so long that it is possible that his father is dead and that he would become the chief if he returned.

Queequeg practices a form of animism using a small idol named Yojo, for whom he builds small ceremonial fires. As part of his religion, he practices a prolonged period of fasting and silence (which Ishmael calls his "Ramadan"), at one time locking himself in his room in Nantucket. Even after Ishmael enters the room, he keeps his fast and silence without acknowledging the presence of others. Nevertheless, he spontaneously attends a Christian sermon of Father Mapple in New Bedford, although he slips out before the end.

He is unflappable and extremely easy-going among white society, never grudging an insult. He immediately takes to Ishmael and decides (based on advice from his idol) that Ishmael should decide on the ship for both of them together.

He is an extraordinary harpooner, demonstrating his skill for the money-tight owners of the Pequod by striking a small drop of tar floating on the water with one throw. The owners are so impressed that they immediately offer him a 90th lay ( of the ship's profit) in exchange for his signing on with the crew. By contrast, Ishmael (who has experience in the merchant marine but none as a whaler) is initially offered a 777th lay but eventually secures a 300th. In port, Queequeg carries his sharpened harpoon with him at all times, unless prevented from doing so. He shaves with his harpoon as well and smokes regularly from a tomahawk that he carries with him.

Although he fades in importance toward the end of the novel, he is ultimately responsible for saving Ishmael's life from beyond the grave. After the Pequod is destroyed, Ishmael, the only character to survive, does so by clinging to a lifebuoy that had originally been built as a coffin for Queequeg while he was suffering from a fever.

Physical description
In Chapter 3 "The Spouter-Inn", Ishmael describes Queequeg's face/head as "of a dark, purplish, yellow color, here and there stuck over with large blackish looking squares." Later on Ishmael realizes the marks are tattoos and goes on to say "There was no hair on his head–none to speak of at least–nothing but a small scalp-knot twisted up on his forehead. His bald purplish head now looked for all the world like a mildewed skull." Upon disrobing, Ishmael describes his body thus: "at last showed his chest and arms. As I live, these covered parts of him were checkered with the same squares; he seemed to have been in a Thirty Years' War, and just escaped from it with a sticking-plaster shirt. Still more, his legs were marked, as if a parcel of dark green frogs were running up the trunks of young palms."

In Chapter 10 "A Bosom Friend", Ishmael describes Queequeg as having "large, deep eyes, fiery black and bold... He looked like a man who had never cringed and never had had a creditor... His [Queequeg's] forehead was drawn out in freer and brighter relief, and looked more expansive than it otherwise would... It reminded me of General Washington's head, as seen in popular busts of him. It had the same long regularly graded retreating, like two long promontories thickly wooded on top. Queequeg was George Washington cannibalistically developed."

Cultural references
 Sam Baker's most memorable role was Queequeg in The Sea Beast (1926).
 A version of Queequeg appears as a character in the Futurama episode "The Day the Earth Stood Stupid".
 On The X-Files, Special Agent Dana Scully named her dog Queequeg (last appearance Season 3 Episode 22) after the Moby-Dick character. The name was also taken as an email handle by Scully. In Season 11 Episode 7, Scully tells a security company representative her password to reset her home alarm is Queequeg.
 Queequeg's is the name of a coffee chain in the video game universe of Deus Ex: Invisible War. Its supposed in-game rival chain is named Pequod's.
 An alien species called Weequay is introduced in Return of the Jedi, whose denomination and physical appearance is a clear nod to Melville's Queequeg.
In the eleventh book of Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, the main characters, the Baudelaires, board a submarine named the Queequeg, operated by a crew who wear portraits of Herman Melville on their uniforms.

References and further reading

Notes

Fictional cannibals
Fictional indigenous Oceanian people
Fictional sailors
Male characters in literature
Characters in Moby-Dick

Queequeg


Nathan Krinsky, also known as Nat Krinsky, (8 January 1899 – 8 May 1984) was born to Russian immigrants and was a professional basketball player.  Krinsky is included in several pictures of the Basketball Hall of Fame, and is in the Basketball Old Timers Hall of Fame. Krinsky was  Jewish and was mentioned in Bob Wechsler's book Day by Day in Jewish Sports History.

After graduating from Boys High School in 1917, Krinsky attended the City College of New York.

Krinsky was also the father of Paul L. Krinsky, former superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy, and Edward M. Krinsky, former Director of Operations for the United States Basketball League.

References

1899 births
1983 deaths

Nat Krinsky


Mashimoni is a part of Kibera slum in Nairobi. Mashimoni Primary School, Facing the Future School, Mashimoni Good Samaritan School for the Orphans (MAGOSO) and Mashimoni Squatters Schools exist. Many of its residents are Luhyas and Kambas. It is part of Langata Constituency. Other parts of Kibera include Laini Saba, Lindi, Makina, Kianda, Gatwekera, Soweto East, Kisumu Ndogo and Siranga.

See also
Kambi Muru
Shilanga

References

Suburbs of Nairobi
Slums in Kenya

Mashimoni


The Intel 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor of the late 1970s. It was the precessor of the Intel 8088, which was a popular processor in the 1980s. The design is based on the architecture of the 8080 and 8085, which were 8 bit processors Intel made in the 1970s. The 8086 lacks a few functions, which had to be added with external chips. It also lacks the ability to do floating-point calculations. This was commonly added with the 8087 chip. The IBM PC, released in the 1980s, used an 8088 chip. Amstrad built clones, which used the 8086 chip.
Intel processors
Microprocessor design

Intel 8086


"Heat Waves" is a song by English indie rock group Glass Animals, released as a single from their third studio album Dreamland on 29 June 2020. It was released alongside its music video.

A sleeper hit, "Heat Waves" is the group's most successful single ever. In addition to reaching number five on the UK Singles Chart and being a top-five hit in several other European countries, it reached number one in Australia, Canada, Lithuania, Switzerland and the United States, where it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 after a record-breaking 59 weeks on the chart. By September 2021, the song had  been played more than one billion times on Spotify. At the 2022 Brit Awards "Heat Waves" was nominated for Best British Single.

References

2020 songs

Heat Waves


Louis-Henri de Baugy, Chevalier de Baugy (died 1720) was from a noble family of France and came to New France as a member of the party of Joseph-Antoine de La Barre, who was replacing Buade de Frontenac as Governor General.

Chevalier de Baugy arrived at Quebec in 1682 and immediately became involved in the fur trade of the Great Lakes; namely, putting an end to the dominant position of Cavelier de La Salle in that area. Under La Barre's authority, de Baugy took control of Fort Saint Louis (Illinois) on the Illinois River from Henri Tonty in 1683. In February, 1684, the fort was besieged by a force of 500 Iroquois for eight days.  Despite limited ammunition and provisions, the defenders withstood three assaults, and the Iroquois were forced to abandon their attacks and withdraw the way they had come.  In 1685, La Salle was given back control of Fort Saint Louis by the French king.

De Baugy took part in at least one more campaign in Canada, in 1687 with Denonville against the Senecas.  De Baugy, as Denonville's aide-de-camp, left a valuable journal of his experiences during the expedition.  In 1689, he left for France and did not return.

References

External links
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

People of New France
1720 deaths
Year of birth unknown

See also
Henri de Tonti


Parque de los Mártires (Martyrs Park) is a park in Santa Clara, Cuba. It is a few blocks from Parque del Carmen in front of Santa Clara railway station.

Overview
A triangular shaped space with many points of interests. Its center piece is a truncated column, the only one in rural Cuba in honor of those fighters who lost their lives in the Independence War. 18th- and 19th-century buildings surround the park. The Railway Station is an example of colonial architecture, a building supposedly donated to the city by philanthropist Marta Abreu. Across from the station a colonial wooden family house still stands. Another important building in the park area is an art deco former Spanish garrison transformed in a school after the revolution. Its interior walls were considered the best example of The Vanguardist Movement Murals in Cuba. Cuban painter Amelia Peláez contributed to it, but the paintings have been almost completely lost. This building is a school for young children and has not been retouched for last five decades.

A statue of poet and independence leader José Martí is in Martyrs Park instead of Parque Vidal, the main plaza of the city.

The oldest domestic examples of architecture in the city are found in streets connecting this park with nearby Parque del Carmen traveling east of them towards Parque Vidal.

Gallery

References

External links

Tourist attractions in Santa Clara, Cuba
Parks in Cuba

Parque de los Mártires


Data synchronization is the process of establishing consistency between source and target data stores, and the continuous harmonization of the data over time. It is fundamental to a wide variety of applications, including file synchronization and mobile device synchronization.
Data synchronization can also be useful in encryption for synchronizing public key servers.

Data synchronization is needed to update and keep multiple copies of a set of data coherent with one another or to maintain data integrity, Figure 3. For example, database replication is used to keep multiple copies of data synchronized with database servers that store data in different locations.

Examples
Examples include:
 File synchronization, such as syncing a hand-held MP3 player to a desktop computer;
 Cluster file systems, which are file systems that maintain data or indexes in a coherent fashion across a whole computing cluster;
 Cache coherency, maintaining multiple copies of data in sync across multiple caches;
 RAID, where data is written in a redundant fashion across multiple disks, so that the loss of any one disk does not lead to a loss of data;
 Database replication, where copies of data on a database are kept in sync, despite possible large geographical separation;
 Journaling, a technique used by many modern file systems to make sure that file metadata are updated on a disk in a coherent, consistent manner.

Challenges
Some of the challenges which user may face in data synchronization:
 data formats complexity;
 real-timeliness;
 data security;
 data quality;
 performance.

Data formats complexity
Data formats tend to grow more complex with time as the organization grows and evolves. This results not only in building simple interfaces between the two applications (source and target), but also in a need to transform the data while passing them to the target application. ETL (extraction transformation loading) tools can be helpful at this stage for managing data format complexities.

Real-timeliness
In real-time systems, customers want to see the current status of their order in e-shop, the current status of a parcel delivery—a real time parcel tracking—, the current balance on their account, etc. This shows the need of a real-time system, which is being updated as well to enable smooth manufacturing process in real-time, e.g., ordering material when enterprise is running out stock, synchronizing customer orders with manufacturing process, etc. From real life, there exist so many examples where real-time processing gives successful and competitive advantage.

Data security
There are no fixed rules and policies to enforce data security. It may vary depending on the system which you are using. Even though the security is maintained correctly in the source system which captures the data, the security and information access privileges must be enforced on the target systems as well to prevent any potential misuse of the information. This is a serious issue and particularly when it comes for handling secret, confidential and personal information. So because of the sensitivity and confidentiality, data transfer and all in-between information must be encrypted.

Data quality
Data quality is another serious constraint. For better management and to maintain good quality of data, the common practice is to store the data at one location and share with different people and different systems and/or applications from different locations. It helps in preventing inconsistencies in the data.

Performance
There are five different phases involved in the data synchronization process:
 data extraction from the source (or master, or main) system;
 data transfer;
 data transformation;
 data load to the target system.
 data updation

Each of these steps is critical. In case of large amounts of data, the synchronization process needs to be carefully planned and executed to avoid any negative impact on performance.

File-based solutions

There are tools available for file synchronization, version control (CVS, Subversion, etc.), distributed filesystems (Coda, etc.), and mirroring (rsync, etc.), in that all these attempt to keep sets of files synchronized. However, only version control and file synchronization tools can deal with modifications to more than one copy of the files.

 File synchronization is commonly used for home backups on external hard drives or updating for transport on USB flash drives. The automatic process prevents copying already identical files, thus can save considerable time relative to a manual copy, also being faster and less error prone.
 Version control tools are intended to deal with situations where more than one user attempts to simultaneously modify the same file, while file synchronizers are optimized for situations where only one copy of the file will be edited at a time. For this reason, although version control tools can be used for file synchronization, dedicated programs require less overhead.
 Distributed filesystems may also be seen as ensuring multiple versions of a file are synchronized. This normally requires that the devices storing the files are always connected, but some distributed file systems like Coda allow disconnected operation followed by reconciliation. The merging facilities of a distributed file system are typically more limited than those of a version control system because most file systems do not keep a version graph.
 Mirror (computing): A mirror is an exact copy of a data set. On the Internet, a mirror site is an exact copy of another Internet site. Mirror sites are most commonly used to provide multiple sources of the same information, and are of particular value as a way of providing reliable access to large downloads.

Theoretical models
Several theoretical models of data synchronization exist in the research literature, and the problem is also related to the problem of Slepian–Wolf coding in information theory.  The models are classified based on how they consider the data to be synchronized.

Unordered data
The problem of synchronizing unordered data (also known as the set reconciliation problem) is modeled as an attempt to compute the symmetric difference
 between two remote sets
and  of b-bit numbers.  Some solutions to this problem are typified by:

Wholesale transfer In this case all data is transferred to one host for a local comparison.
Timestamp synchronization In this case all changes to the data are marked with timestamps.  Synchronization proceeds by transferring all data with a timestamp later than the previous synchronization.
Mathematical synchronization In this case data are treated as mathematical objects and synchronization corresponds to a mathematical process.

Ordered data
In this case, two remote strings  and  need to be reconciled.  Typically, it is assumed that these strings differ by up to a fixed number of edits (i.e. character insertions, deletions, or modifications). Then data synchronization is the process of reducing edit distance between  and , up to the ideal distance of zero. This is applied in all filesystem based synchronizations (where the data is ordered). Many practical applications of this are discussed or referenced above.

It is sometimes possible to transform the problem to one of unordered data through a process known as shingling (splitting the strings into shingles).

Error handling

In fault-tolerant systems, distributed databases must be able to cope with the loss or corruption of (part of) their data. The first step is usually replication, which involves making multiple copies of the data and keeping them all up to date as changes are made. However, it is then necessary to decide which copy to rely on when loss or corruption of an instance occurs.

The simplest approach is to have a single master instance that is the sole source of truth. Changes to it are replicated to other instances, and one of those instances becomes the new master when the old master fails.

Paxos and Raft are more complex protocols that exist to solve problems with transient effects during failover, such as two instances thinking they are the master at the same time.

Secret sharing is useful if failures of whole nodes are very common. This moves synchronization from an explicit recovery process to being part of each read, where a read of some data requires retrieving encoded data from several different nodes. If corrupt or out-of-date data may be present on some nodes, this approach may also benefit from the use of an error correction code.

DHTs and Blockchains try to solve the problem of synchronization between many nodes (hundreds to billions).

See also
 SyncML, a standard mainly for calendar, contact and email synchronization
 Synchronization (computer science)

References

Fault-tolerant computer systems

Data synchronization


The Molteno Institute for Language and Literacy (MILL), formerly known as the Molteno Project, is a charity organisation that funds literacy programmes and research across Africa, from its headquarters in Johannesburg.

It was established in 1974, funded by the Molteno Brothers Trust from which it derives its name. It began as the Molteno Project, a large research project on problems with school pupils' acquisition of English literacy, based at Rhodes University. The research recommendations included incorporating mother-tongue material in literacy courses for children. When this conclusion was confirmed by positive results, the project was rolled out across the continent and adapted into 52 African languages.

In 2008 it had taught more than 10 million learners across the African continent to read and write, making it one of the largest literacy providers in Africa.

References

External links
 Official site

Children's charities based in South Africa
Child education organizations
Organizations promoting literacy
Molteno family


A Monopsony is a market form where there is only one buyer, but many sellers. Much like with the monopoly this single buyer has a complete influence on the price. In practice, this market form does not occur often. One example may be a healthcare system where there is only one  "buyer" of healthcare services; which is usually the state, or a state-run institution. Another example is defense industry, where the state is the often only buyer. Still another is that of public transport: Either the whole public transport is run by one (usually state-owned) company, or the state awards contracts to run a given line for a certain time period.

Monopsony


Angela Noelle Schrute (née Martin; formerly Lipton) is a fictional character from the US television series The Office played by American actress Angela Kinsey. She is an original character. She marries Dwight Schrute in the series. Martin is the head of the accounting department at the Scranton branch of the fictitious paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin.

Angela is often negative and frowns upon her coworkers all the time. She is a critic of Pam Beesley's and Jim Halpert's relationship.

References

The Office (U.S. TV series) characters

Angela Martin


Chromium(VI) oxide, also known as chromium trioxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CrO3.It has chromium in its +6 oxidation state. It also has oxide ions. It is a solid used in cleaning glass. Chromium-6 is odorless and tasteless.

Properties
It is a dark red crystalline solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It can ignite alcohol when it is mixed with it. It is very toxic and irritates skin. It is a stronger oxidizing agent than chromate. It dissolves in water to make chromic acid, which is acidic. It reacts with strong bases to make chromates. It gives off oxygen when heated and turns into chromium(III) oxide.

Preparation
It is normally made by reacting sodium chromate or potassium chromate with sulfuric acid. It can also be made by drying chromic acid.

Uses
It is used to clean glass. It is also used to plate chromate on things. It reacts with metals to make a metal chromate which stops the metal from corroding.

Safety
Chromium(VI) oxide is very toxic and irritating. It is a carcinogen and can cause mutations. It can be destroyed by reacting it with a reducing agent like ferrous sulfate. It is a dangerous hazard to the environment.

Related pages
Manganese(VII) oxide
Chromium(IV) oxide

References

Chromium compounds

Chromium(VI) oxide


The Oxfordshire flag is the flag of the historic county of Oxfordshire in England. It was registered with the Flag Institute on 9 October 2017.

Design

The flag originates as the coat of arms of the former County Council of Oxfordshire and was created in 1949. Following reorganisation of local government in 1974, the arms ceased to be used by any organisation but the design was later adapted as a flag and widely used across the county. The basic field colour is the dark blue long associated with the University of Oxford; against this two broad, white, wavy stripes symbolise the River Thames, and against this sits a red ox head, the combination of which alludes to the origin of the county town of Oxford. At the lower left and upper right corners, a golden oak tree and wheatsheaf or garb represent the county's woodland and agriculture.

Previous proposals

St Frideswide Cross
A previous proposal for county flag was called the St Frideswide Cross, honouring a local saint. The green background represents the fields and woodlands of the county; the blue symbolises the River Thames. It was designed by Edward Keene and Michael Garber of the Oxfordshire Association, in conjunction with the Flag Institute's Graham Bartram. In March 2011, the standard was flown for a week alongside the Union Flag outside the Eland House headquarters in Victoria of the Department for Communities and Local Government.

Armorial banner
An alternative commercially available flag exists, based on a banner of the coat of arms of the Oxfordshire County Council.

Gallery

References

External links
[ Flag Institute]
British County Flags – Oxfordshire Flag
The Oxfordshire Association – The County Flag Promotion

Culture in Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire

Flag of Oxfordshire


Baron Moncreiff, of Tulliebole in the County of Kinross, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 9 January 1874 for the lawyer and Liberal politician Sir James Moncreiff, 1st Baronet. He had already been created a Baronet, of Kilduff in the County of Kinross, in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 23 May 1871. In 1883 Lord Moncreiff also succeeded his elder brother as 11th Baronet, of Moncreiff in the County of Perth. On his death the titles passed to his eldest son, the second Baron. He was a Judge of the Court of Session from 1888 to 1905 under the title of Lord Wellwood and served as Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire between 1901 and 1909. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baron. He was a clergyman.  the titles are held by the latter's great-grandson, the sixth Baron, who succeeded his father in 2002.

The Moncreiff Baronetcy, of Moncreiff in the County of Perth, was created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1626 for John Moncreiff. The title was created with remainder to Moncreiff's heirs male whatsoever, which allowed it to be inherited by male relatives who were not his direct descendants. On the death of his younger son James, the fourth Baronet, there were no more male descendants of the first Baronet. The title instead passed to James's cousin John Moncreiff, who was the son of Hugh Moncreiff, youngest brother of the first Baronet. When his son Hugh, the sixth Baronet, died, this line of the family also failed. The title was inherited by his kinsman Reverend William Moncreiff, the seventh Baronet, a descendant of Archibald Moncreiff, uncle of the first Baronet. His son, the eighth Baronet, assumed the additional surname of Wellwood. He was succeeded by his son, the ninth Baronet. He was a Lord of Session. His younger son was the aforementioned eleventh Baronet, who was elevated to the peerage in 1874.

As of 30 June 2006, the present holder of the barony has not successfully proven his succession to the baronetcies and is therefore not on the Official Roll of the Baronetage. However, the case is under review by the Registrar of the Baronetage (for more information follow this link).

The family seat is Tullibole Castle in Kinross-shire.

Baronets of Moncreiff (1626)

Sir John Moncreiff, 1st Baronet (d. c. 1651)
Sir John Moncreiff, 2nd Baronet (d. 1674)
Sir David Moncreiff, 3rd Baronet (d. c. 1690
Sir James Moncreiff, 4th Baronet (d. 1698)
Sir John Moncreiff, 5th Baronet (c. 1628–1714)
Sir Hugh Moncreiff, 6th Baronet (d. 1744)
Sir William Moncreiff, 7th Baronet (d. 1767)
Sir Henry Moncreiff-Wellwood, 8th Baronet (1750–1828)
Sir James Wellwood-Moncreiff, 9th Baronet (c. 1776–1851)
Sir Henry Wellwood-Moncreiff, 10th Baronet (1809–1883)
Sir James Moncreiff, 11th Baronet (1811–1895) (had been created Baron Moncreiff in 1874)

Barons Moncreiff (1874)
James Moncreiff, 1st Baron Moncreiff (1811–1895)
Henry James Moncreiff, 2nd Baron Moncreiff (1840–1909)
Robert Chichester Moncreiff, 3rd Baron Moncreiff (1843–1913)
James Arthur Fitzherbert Moncreiff, 4th Baron Moncreiff (1872–1942)
Harry Robert Wellwood Moncreiff, 5th Baron Moncreiff (1915–2002)
Rhoderick Harry Wellwood Moncreiff, 6th Baron Moncreiff (b. 1954)
The heir apparent is the present the holder's son, Harry James Wellwood Moncreiff (b. 1986)

References

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1874
Noble titles created for UK MPs
1626 establishments in Nova Scotia
1874 establishments in the United Kingdom

Baron Moncreiff


Payam-i-Mashriq (, or Message from the East, published in Persian) is a philosophical poetic work written by Muhammad Iqbal and published in 1923 as a reply to Goethe's West-östlicher Diwan.

Introduction

Payam-i-Mashriq is an answer to West-östlicher Diwan by Goethe.

History
Iqbal started writing the book soon after the end of World War I. He first talked about it in a latter to his friend, the scholar Syeed Suleman Nadvi, in 1919:

"At present, I am writing a reply to the Divan of a Western poet (i.e. Goethe) and about half of it has been completed. Some poems will be in Persian and some in Urdu..... Two great German poets, Goethe and Uhland, were barristers. After practising for a short time Goethe was appointed as an educational adviser to the state of Wiemar and, thus, found much time to pay attention to his artistic intricacies. Uhland devoted his whole life to the law suits, and, therefore, he could write a few poems."

The Payam has been very rightly acclaimed as "a genuine attempt by an eminent Eastern poet, endowed with knowledge of Western literature and thought....to enter into a dialogue with Europe." The work includes a collection of quatrains, followed by a group of poems setting forth Iqbal's philosophy of life in lyrical form and some poetical sketches that picture European poets, philosophers, and politicians.

See also
 Index of Muhammad Iqbal–related articles

Notes

External links

1923 books
Persian poems
Islamic philosophical poetry books
Poetry by Muhammad Iqbal
Poetry collections
Books by Muhammad Iqbal

Message from the East


Veneration (;  ), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness. Angels are shown similar veneration in many religions. Veneration of saints is practiced, formally or informally, by adherents of some branches of all major religions, including Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism and Jainism.

Within Christianity, veneration is practiced by groups such as the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholic, and Eastern Catholic Churches, all of which have varying types of canonization or glorification procedures. In the Catholic and Orthodox Churches, veneration is shown outwardly by respectfully bowing or making the sign of the cross before a saint's icon, relics, or statue, or by going on pilgrimage to sites associated with saints. In general, veneration is not practiced by Protestants and Jehovah's Witnesses, as many Protestants believe the practice amounts to idolatry. Common Lutherans and Anglicans have a positive attitude toward the veneration of saints and practice the naming of churches after saints, as well as keeping certain feasts.

Hinduism has a long tradition of veneration of saints, expressed toward various gurus and teachers of sanctity, both living and dead. Branches of Buddhism include formal liturgical worship of saints, with Mahayana Buddhism classifying degrees of sainthood.

In Islam, veneration of saints is practiced by some of the adherents of traditional Islam (Sufis, for example), and in many parts of places like Turkey, Egypt, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Other sects, such as Wahhabists etc., abhor the practice.

In Judaism, there is no classical or formal recognition of saints, but there is a long history of reverence shown toward biblical heroes and martyrs. Jews in some regions, for example in Morocco, have a long and widespread tradition of saint veneration.

Buddhism
In major Buddhist traditions, Theravada and Mahayana, recognize those who have achieved a high degree of enlightenment as an Arhat. Mahayana Buddhism particularly gives emphasis to the power of saints to aid ordinary people on the path to enlightenment. Those who have reached enlightenment, and have delayed their own complete enlightenment in order to help others, are called Bodhisattvas. Mahayana Buddhism has formal liturgical practices for venerating saints, along with very specific levels of sainthood. Tibetan Buddhists venerate especially holy lamas, such as the Dalai Lama, as saints.

Christianity
Veneration towards those who were considered holy began in early Christianity, with the martyrs first being given special honor. Official commemoration of saints in churches began as early as the first century. The apostle Paul mentioned saints by name in his writings. Icons depicting saints were created in the catacombs. The Orthodox Church of Byzantine began official church commemoration very early and even in Rome, commemoration is documented in the third century. Over time, the honor also began to be given to those Christians who lived lives of holiness and sanctity. Various denominations venerate and determine saints in different ways, with some having a formal canonization or glorification process. It is also the first step to becoming a saint.

Latria, dulia, and hyperdulia
Christian theologians have long adopted the terms latria for the type of worship due to God alone, and dulia and proskynesis for the veneration given to angels, saints, relics and icons.

Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologies also include the term hyperdulia for the types of veneration specifically paid to Mary. The Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas specifies that hyperdulia is the same type of veneration as dulia, only given in a greater degree; both remain distinct from latria.

Catholicism

In Catholicism, veneration is a type of honor distinct from the true worship (veritable adoration), which is due to God alone. According to Mark Miravelle, of the Franciscan University of Steubenville, the English word "worship" has been associated with both veneration and adoration:
As St. Thomas Aquinas once explained, adoration, which is known as latria in classical theology, is the worship and homage that is rightly offered to God alone. It is the manifestation of submission, and acknowledgement of dependence, appropriately shown towards the excellence of an uncreated divine person and to his absolute Lordship. It is the worship of the Creator that God alone deserves. Although we see in English a broader usage of the word "adoration" which may not refer to a form of worship exclusive to God—for example, when a husband says that he "adores his wife"—in general it can be maintained that adoration is the best English denotation for the worship of latria.

Veneration, known as dulia in classical theology, is the honor and reverence appropriately due to the excellence of a created person. Excellence exhibited by created beings likewise deserves recognition and honor. We see a general example of veneration in events like the awarding of academic awards for excellence in school, or the awarding of Olympic medals for excellence in sports. There is nothing contrary to the proper adoration of God when we offer the appropriate honor and recognition that created persons deserve based on achievement in excellence.

We must make a further clarification regarding the use of the term "worship" in relation to the categories of adoration and veneration. Historically, schools of theology have used the term "worship" as a general term which included both adoration and veneration. They would distinguish between "worship of adoration" and "worship of veneration." The word "worship" (in a similar way to how the liturgical term "cult" is traditionally used) was not synonymous with adoration, but could be used to introduce either adoration or veneration. Hence Catholic sources will sometimes use the term "worship" not to indicate adoration, but only the worship of veneration given to Mary and the saints.

According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

In the Roman Catechism, a more lengthy statement on The Honour and Invocation of the Saints is available.

Now, the Roman Catholic tradition has a well established philosophy for the veneration of the Virgin Mary via the field of Mariology with Pontifical schools such as the Marianum specifically devoted to this task.

For the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, in addition to the dogma of her Divine Motherhood, the Mother of God (aka "Theotokos") was the subject of three other different dogmas:
 Immaculate Conception (absence of the original sin, by grace of God)
 Perpetual virginity (before, during, and after the birth of Jesus, until her Assumption)
 Assumption (in body and soul to Heaven).
The special graces accorded by God to Mary motivated her title of Mediatrix of all graces to the humanity, her intercessory ability to Jesus Christ God about the believers' intentions of prayer.

In the Catholic Church, there are many different forms of veneration of saints, such as a pilgrimage to a grave (e.g. those of Saint Peter (Vatican), Saint Anthony of Padua (Italy), Santiago de Compostela (Spain), or Holy Sepulchre (Israel)). It is also usual to make a pilgrimage to places associated with the life of a saint, such as the Cave of Santo Hermano Pedro (Spain), the Cave of the Apocalypse (Greece) or the Aya Tekla Church (Turkey). Veneration of images and relics; Lord of Miracles (Peru), the Virgin of Guadalupe and Saint Jude Thaddaeu (Mexico), Holy Dexter (Hungary), Reliquary of the Three Kings (Germany), etc.

Oriental Orthodoxy
In the Syriac Orthodox Church liturgical service, the Hail Mary is pronounced as a prefatory prayer after the Our Father, and before the priest's entrance to the chancel. The name of the Blessed Virgin Mary has also been probably used for the sanctification of altars, above the name of all other saints.

Eastern Orthodoxy
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, veneration of the saints is important element of worship. Most services are closed with the words "Most holy Theotokos, save us!" and would use Troparions and Kontakions to venerate the saint of the day. This practice of venerating saints both through praise and by means of their icons is defended in St John Damascene's book On Holy Images, and was the subject of the Second Council of Nicaea.

Protestantism

In Protestant  churches, veneration is sometimes considered to amount to the sin of idolatry, and the related practice of canonization amounts to the heresy of apotheosis. Protestant theology usually denies that any real distinction between veneration and worship can be made, and claims that the practice of veneration distracts the Christian soul from its true object, the worship of God.  In his Institutes of the Christian Religion, John Calvin writes that "(t)he distinction of what is called dulia and latria was invented for the very purpose of permitting divine honours to be paid to angels and dead men with apparent impunity". Veneration is, therefore, considered a type of blasphemy by Luther and some Protestants. However, some Protestant streams, particularly Anglicanism and Lutheranism, allow the veneration of saints in a manner similar to Catholicism.

Bible
In terms of venerating relics of saints, two verses are frequently mentioned:
'Once while some Israelites were burying a man, suddenly they saw a band of raiders; so they threw the man's body into Elisha's tomb. When the body touched Elisha's bones, the man came to life and stood up on his feet.' (2 Kings 13:21, NIV).

'God did extraordinary miracles through Paul, so that even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them.' (Acts 19:11, 12, NIV).

The deuterocanonical Book of Sirach also briefly discusses venerating the memory of patriarchs and prophets: "Let us now praise men of renown, and our fathers in their generation" (44:1). "And their names continue for ever, the glory of the holy men remaining unto their children" (44:15)

Support
St. Augustine, St. Ambrose, and others, give accounts of miracles that occurred at the graves of St. Stephen, St. Felix of Nola, St. Gervasius, and many others, in post-Biblical times. Such miraculous events are seen as divine favor for the veneration of relics.

Hinduism
Hinduism has a longstanding and living tradition of reverence toward sants (saints) and mahatmas (ascended masters), with the line often blurring between humanity and divinity in the cases of godmen and godwomen. The Bhakti movements popularized devotion to saintly figures such as , , and gurus as models showing the way to liberation.

Islam

Islam has had a rich history of veneration of saints (often called wali, which literally means "Friend [of God]"), which has declined in some parts of the Islamic world in the twentieth century due to the influence of the various streams of Salafism. In Sunni Islam, the veneration of saints became a very common form of religious celebration early on, and saints came to be defined in the eighth-century as a group of "special people chosen by God and endowed with exceptional gifts, such as the ability to work miracles." The classical Sunni scholars came to recognize and honor these individuals as venerable people who were both "loved by God and developed a close relationship of love to Him." The vast majority of saints venerated in the classical Sunni world were the Sufis, who were all Sunni mystics who belonged to one of the four orthodox legal schools of Sunni law.

Veneration of saints eventually became one of the most widespread Sunni practices for more than a millennium, before it was opposed in the twentieth century by the Salafi movement, whose various streams regard it as "being both un-Islamic and backwards ... rather than the integral part of Islam which they were for over a millennium."  In a manner similar to the Protestant Reformation, the specific traditional practices which Salafism has tried to curtail in both Sunni and Shia contexts include those of the veneration of saints, visiting their graves, seeking their intercession, and honoring their relics. As Christopher Taylor has remarked: "[Throughout Islamic history] a vital dimension of Islamic piety was the veneration of Muslim saints…. [due, however to] certain strains of thought within the Islamic tradition itself, particularly pronounced in the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries ... [some modern day] Muslims have either resisted acknowledging the existence of Muslim saints altogether or have viewed their presence and veneration as unacceptable deviations."

Judaism

While Orthodox and Organized Judaism don't countenance the veneration of saints per se, veneration and pilgrimage to burial sites of holy Jewish leaders is an ancient part of the tradition.

It is common for some Jews to visit the graves of many righteous Jewish leaders. The tradition is particularly strong among Moroccan Jews, and Jews of Sephardi descent, although also by some Ashkenazi Jews as well. This is particularly true in Israel, where many holy Jewish leaders are buried. The Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem and that of Maimonides in Tiberius are examples of burial sites that attract large pilgrimages in Israel. In America, the only such example is the grave site of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, at the Ohel, in the cemetery in Queens where he is buried alongside his father-in-law. During his lifetime, Schneerson himself would frequently visit the gravesite (Ohel) of his father-in-law, where he would read letters and written prayers, and then place them on the grave. Today, visitors to the grave of Schneerson include Jews of Orthodox, Reform and Conservative background, as well as non-Jews. Visitors typically recite prayers of psalms and bring with them petitions of prayers written on pieces of paper which are then torn and left on the grave.

Jainism
In Jainism, it recognizes the tirthankaras, which are beings who have achieved transcendence and liberation (moksha) and are, therefore, teachers who taught the Jain path. Away from the evolution of the cosmos and the cosmic event, they do not intervene in any way in it, they serve only as examples to follow. The latter is manifested in the offering ceremonies (devapuja), which constitute more of a renunciation on the part of the believer than a surrender, since the tirthankaras are totally indifferent to the affairs of men and the Jains assume that they are indifferent to them.

See also
 Veneration of the dead
 Intercession of saints
 Mary, mother of Jesus
 Muhammad in Islam
 Rachel's Tomb
 Genuflection
 Patron saint
 Hagiography
 Iconography
 Relic
 Shrine
 Tzadik

Notes

References

External links
ON THE INVOCATION, VENERATION, AND RELICS, OF SAlNTS, AND ON SACRED IMAGES. Roman Catholic teaching from the Council of Trent (1545–63)
"Dulia" from the Catholic Encyclopedia (1911)

Catholic spirituality
Christian terminology
Eastern Orthodox spirituality
Religious practices
Sainthood

Veneration


The Saturday Banana is a Saturday morning children's television show produced by Southern Television for ITV and presented by Goodies star Bill Oddie. Oddie also wrote and sang the theme tune. The series began on 8 July 1978, running through the summer and continuing up to December, with a Christmas Special.

According to a TV Times interview with Oddie when the show was aired, it was to have been named The Saturday Bonanza, but was renamed due to poor handwriting being mis-read.

The Saturday Banana was shown by several ITV stations including Anglia, Border, HTV, LWT, STV, Southern, Westward and Yorkshire. For its first run, the series was available to ITV companies at the same time as the popular Tiswas, so whether the viewer saw Tiswas or The Saturday Banana was up to their regional ITV station.  For the series's second run in 1979, only Southern and Anglia broadcast the show while most other regions screened Tiswas.

The robot Metal Mickey first appeared on The Saturday Banana and went on to star in his own sitcom on London Weekend Television from 1980 to 1983. Bill Oddie returned to The Goodies.

The programme was broadcast live from Television Centre, Southampton, with occasional film inserts. The show took over from Our Show, another Saturday morning kids' programme, and Susan Tully, one of the young hosts of Our Show, came with it.

Presenters wore bright yellow T-shirts with the Banana logo, and metal circular badges, firstly on yellow backdrops, then mass-produced on red backdrops, were issued to both guests and the child audience chosen from local schools. For the programme, Southern Television built a giant yellow, peeled banana, which they placed in front of their studios, and which often featured in opening titles and in the background of any item where the cameras were taken outside the building. Around six opening title sequences were pre-recorded, backed by Oddie's theme song, including a one-off Christmas Special sequence.

Items featured on the show included a weekly chart rundown, with guest pop groups miming their latest hits, then being interviewed after being forced to slide down half of the main interior set. Children could also write-in with their 'dream activities', which show researchers would attempt to grant. One such feature saw Bill Oddie wrestle a small child in a side-sealed square filled with a foot of mud-coloured 'gunge'.

The Saturday Banana featured a version of the children's television game show Runaround, originally presented by comedian host Mike Reid but for The Saturday Banana edition, one of the programme researchers who doubled as a presenter, Bill Gamon, hosted the madcap quiz.

On one show, actor George Chakiris, then starring in 'Passion of Dracula' in a London production at the Queen's Theatre, opened the show by being driven, in a horse-drawn hearse, across Northam Bridge (by the studios), bringing startled drivers to a virtual halt.

The opening programme featured a steam train on the railway siding that ran through the car park. The locomotive was Bonnie Prince Charlie borrowed from the Great Western Society at Didcot.

External links

 Saturday Banana on Paul Morris' SatKids

ITV children's television shows
1978 British television series debuts
1979 British television series endings
1970s British children's television series
English-language television shows
Television shows produced by Southern Television

The Saturday Banana


Red House Records is an independent folk and Americana record label in St. Paul, Minnesota. The label was founded in 1983 by Bob Feldman after seeing a performance by Iowa folk singer Greg Brown.

Origin
The label is named for a farmhouse in Iowa where Brown was living when he started it. After Brown's albums 44 & 66 and The Iowa Waltz were released in 1981 and 1982, it briefly went dormant until he met Bob Feldman in 1983. Feldman took over operation of the record label, while Brown focused on his musical endeavors, as he had just signed on to regularly perform on the radio program A Prairie Home Companion.  Feldman was known for his business philosophy of wanting "to provide a home and environment in which creative artists can make albums in total freedom—without interference from mogul types just looking for the next hit single." The first album released on the newly restarted label was Brown's In the Dark with You.

Over the next few years, the label focused on publishing work by musicians in the upper Midwest, including Spider John Koerner, Prudence Johnson, Peter Ostroushko, Rio Nido, Jorma Kaukonen and John Gorka. The label weathered difficult conditions as the music industry transitioned from vinyl to compact discs, and started signing established artists from across the U.S.  Utah Phillips, Tom Paxton, Norman Blake, Eliza Gilkyson, Loudon Wainwright III, Robin and Linda Williams, Cliff Eberhardt, and Ramblin' Jack Elliott are among the dozens of performers who have released music through Red House. Elliot's  South Coast won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album in 1996. Eberhardt's album,  The High Above and the Down Below, released by Red House in 2007, was named one of the TOP 5 of 2007 by USA Today. Other recordings from the label have won about a dozen Indie Awards from the Association for Independent Music (A2IM). The label has released a number of compilation albums, including  A Nod to Bob, which is described by Red House as a tribute from a Minnesota label to a favorite native son.

Feldman continued to head the company until his health deteriorated in late 2005. A few weeks after leaving work, he died on January 11, 2006, at the age of 56.

In November 2017 the Label was purchased by The Compass Records Group in Nashville and its operations in St. Paul were shuttered.

See also
 List of record labels
 List of electronic music record labels

References

External links
 Official site
 FolkLib Index - Red House Records Discography

American independent record labels
Independent record labels based in Minnesota
Folk record labels
Companies based in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Record labels established in 1981

Red House Records


A cervical rib in humans is an extra rib which arises from the seventh cervical vertebra. Their presence is a congenital abnormality located above the normal first rib. A cervical rib is estimated to occur in 0.2% to 0.5% (1 in 200 to 500) of the population. People may have a cervical rib on the right, left or both sides.

Most cases of cervical ribs are not clinically relevant and do not have symptoms; cervical ribs are generally discovered incidentally, most often during x-rays and CT scans. However, they vary widely in size and shape, and in rare cases, they may cause problems such as contributing to thoracic outlet syndrome, because of pressure on the nerves that may be caused by the presence of the rib.

A cervical rib represents a persistent ossification of the C7 lateral costal element. During early development, this ossified costal element typically becomes re-absorbed. Failure of this process results in a variably elongated transverse process or complete rib that can be anteriorly fused with the T1 first rib below.

Diagnosis

On imaging, cervical ribs can be distinguished because their transverse processes are directed inferolaterally, whereas those of the adjacent thoracic spine are directed anterolaterally.

Associated conditions
The presence of a cervical rib can cause a form of thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery. These structures become encroached upon by the cervical rib and scalene muscles.

Compression of the brachial plexus may be identified by weakness of the muscles in the hand, near the base of the thumb. Compression of the subclavian artery is often diagnosed by finding a positive Adson's sign on examination, where the radial pulse in the arm is lost during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. A positive Adson's sign is non-specific for the presence of a cervical rib however, as many individuals without a cervical rib will have a positive test. Compression of the sympathetic chain may cause Horner's syndrome.

Other animals
Many vertebrates, especially reptiles, have cervical ribs as a normal part of their anatomy rather than a pathological condition. Some sauropods had exceptionally long cervical ribs; those of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis were nearly 4 meters long.

In birds, the cervical ribs are small and completely fused to the vertebrae.

In mammals, the ventral parts of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae are the fused-on cervical ribs.

Recent studies have also found a high percent of cervical ribs in woolly mammoths. It is believed that the decline in mammoth numbers may have forced inbreeding within the species which in turn had increased the number of mammoths being born with cervical ribs. Cervical ribs have been connected with leukaemia in human children, so it has given scientists new evidence to believe that the mammoth's extinction was attributed to the condition.

References

External links

Supernumerary body parts
Congenital disorders of musculoskeletal system
Human anatomy

Cervical rib


A stormwater detention vault is an underground structure designed to manage excess stormwater runoff on a developed site, often in an urban setting.  This type of best management practice may be selected when there is insufficient space on the site to infiltrate the runoff or build a surface facility such as a detention basin or retention basin.

Detention vaults manage stormwater quantity flowing to nearby surface waters. They help prevent flooding and can reduce erosion in rivers and streams. They do not provide treatment to improve water quality, though some are attached to a media filter bank to remove pollutants.

Design and installation
Underground stormwater detention allows for high volume storage of runoff in a small footprint area.  The storage vessels can be made from a variety of materials, including corrugated metal pipe, aluminum, steel, plastic, fiberglass, pre-cast or poured-in-place concrete.

The vault is typically buried under a parking lot or other open land on the site.  In the latter case, this underground vault may be preferable to a surface detention pond if other uses are intended for the land (e.g. a pedestrian plaza or park).  In other situations, a vault is used because installing a pond might pose other problems, such as attracting unwanted waterfowl or other animals.  In some sites, a vault may be installed in the basement of a building, such as a parking garage. Tunnels may be bored to serve as detention vaults. Tunnels may be cheaper than basins, as they do not require pumps to move the water.

The outlet is generally a restricted-flow drain from the detention vessel, with a weir for containing detritus. Detention vessels delay water's delivery downstream, and possibly creates a later water level peak post-rainfall.  It is important to consider timing of water release and the types of reservoirs feeding a waterway.

See also
 Best management practice for water pollution
 Detention basin
 Retention basin
Storm drain

References

Environmental engineering
Hydraulic engineering
Hydrology
Stormwater management

Stormwater detention vault


Minions are characters that are yellow and have glasses. They appear in all Despicable Me movies. Some minions have different eyes and sizes. There are some that are small and have 2 eyes, some that are large-sized and also have 2 eyes, and some that are medium-sized that have one eye. They like to eat bananas. They can turn purple and then transform to an evil minion.

They are also the official mascots of Illumination, the movie studio that created the Despicable Me movies.

References

Despicable Me
Fictional characters introduced in the 2010s

Minions (Despicable Me)


Cricket frogs, genus Acris, are small, North American frogs of the family Hylidae. They occur in northern Mexico (Coahuila), the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, and in southern Ontario, Canada.

They are more aquatic than other members of the family, and are generally associated with permanent bodies of water with surface vegetation. This is a quite important aspect of their survival, as adult cricket frogs suffer high mortality rates when submerged in poorly oxygenated water (typically less than 24 hours on average in water that is ~1.2 mg/L). The common and scientific names refer to their call, which resembles that of a cricket. The two common species are A. crepitans and A. gryllus. A. crepitans are found in mesic woodlands as well as xeric grasslands, whereas A. gryllus are concentrated in mesic woodlands.

Cricket frogs are able to communicate and attract each other using a specific frequency of their mating call, that sounds like a cricket. It can only be heard by members of the same population. Cricket frogs from other locales are unable to aurally process other calls, leading to mating isolation among the species.

Species
There are three species:
 Acris blanchardi Harper, 1947 – Blanchard's cricket frog
 Acris crepitans Baird, 1854 – northern cricket frog
 Acris gryllus (LeConte, 1825) – southern cricket frog

References

  taxon Acris at http://www.eol.org.

External links

Hylidae

Amphibian genera
Frogs of North America
Taxa named by Gabriel Bibron
Taxa named by André Marie Constant Duméril

Cricket frog


Sellia Marina is a town and comune in the province of Catanzaro, in the Calabria region of southern Italy.

Geography
Sellia Marina houses the master station of the LORAN-C transmitters in the Mediterranean, for low frequency radio navigation.

Notes and references

Cities and towns in Calabria

Sellia Marina


Lama Lama National Park is a national park on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia.  The name comes from the Lama Lama people who are the traditional owners of the land.  The park protects coastal plains, beach ridges and sandy hills of the Annie River water catchment.  The river marks the southern border of the park.

Lama Lama National Park was the first national park in Queensland to be jointly managed between the traditional owners and the Government of Queensland.  A signing ceremony marking the creation of the new national park was held at Coen on 10 July 2008.  It contains an important plant species Eucalyptus tetrodonta also known as Darwin stringybark. It also protects the habitat of the critically endangered Red goshawk.

Geography
Lama Lama National Park is located about 70 km south eas of Coen in the locality of Yarraden in the Shire of Cook.  The eastern edge of the park fronts Princess Charlotte Bay and Rinyirru National Park.  The park contains two restricted areas.  These are known as Allngna Wungku Living Area and Goose Swamp and Bull Swamp Area. Lama Lama National Park contains around 39 lacustrine/palustrine wetlands which occupy 5% of the park. The two properties which formed the park were known as Running Creek and Lilyvale.

See also

 Protected areas of Queensland

References

External links

National parks of Far North Queensland
Protected areas established in 2008
2008 establishments in Australia

Lama Lama National Park


Hogfather is the 20th Discworld novel by Terry Pratchett, and a 1997 British Fantasy Award nominee. It was first released in 1996 and published by Victor Gollancz. It came in 137th place in The Big Read, a BBC survey of the most loved British books of all time, making it one of fifteen books by Pratchett in the Top 200.

The book focuses on the absence of the Hogfather, a mythical creature akin to Father Christmas, who grants children's wishes on Hogswatchnight (December 32) and brings them presents. While Death attempts to fill in for the Hogfather, his granddaughter Susan Sto Helit tries to find and rescue the Hogfather.

Plot summary

The Auditors of Reality, a group of "celestial bureaucrats" attempt to eliminate the Hogfather, a jolly god-like creature who brings children presents on December 32nd, similar to the figures of Santa Claus and Father Christmas in the US and UK. Forbidden to interfere directly by "The Rules", they pay the Assassin's Guild to kill the Hogfather instead. The task is given to Mr. Teatime who has a reputation for ruthlessness and creative solutions. Mr. Teatime enlists the help of some gangsters to find a delivery person working for the Tooth Fairy, using his magic to break into her kingdom and stealing all the collected teeth. With these teeth, he is able to control all the children on the Discworld, commanding them to no longer believe in the Hogfather.

Knowing that the Hogfather is also responsible for the sun rising, Death attempts to maintain belief by dressing up as the Hogfather and fulfilling his role, aided by his servant Albert. Due to Death's simplistic understanding of the meaning of Hogswatch, he commits several acts supposedly to aid restoring belief in the Hogfather but which Albert believes are unacceptable, including granting more life to a deceased matchgirl and stealing food from a luxury restaurant to give to the Canting Crew (whilst replacing said restaurant's stock with mud and old boots). Since he is unable himself to defeat Mr. Teatime, who is in a realm created by children's belief where death (and thus Death) does not exist, he appears at his granddaughter's place of work dressed as the Hogfather. As he had planned, Susan Sto Helit is unable to resist her curiosity and tries to find the Hogfather. She visits the Hogfather's Castle of Bones, only to find the hung-over Bilious, the "Oh God" of Hangovers. In an attempt to cure Bilious from his hangovers, Susan visits the Unseen University, where it is discovered that several small gods and beings (including Bilious, a Verruca Gnome, a Hair Loss Fairy, an Eater of Pencils, and Eater of Socks, Towel Wasps, and a Cheerful Fairy) are being created due to an abundance of excess belief in the world caused by the Hogfather's disappearance.

Susan and Bilious travel to the Tooth Fairy's realm and discover Mr. Teatime's plot. Mr. Teatime attacks Susan using Death's sword, but since it does not work in this realm, Susan is able to overpower him and throw him down the tower, causing him to disappear. After Susan witnesses the Tooth Fairy (in fact, the original Bogey Man, who became the Tooth Fairy to protect children) die from the exhaustion from defending its kingdom, she tasks the childlike Banjo Lilywhite, the last surviving gangster, to carry on the task of protecting the teeth. She then manages to rescue the Hogfather, who has reverted to his former self as a hog, from Auditors who hound him in the form of attack dogs. As Susan is returning to her place of work, Death explains what happened to Susan but she is attacked by Teatime whom she finally manages to kill using the kitchen poker.

Characters

Jonathan Teatime, an assassin
Susan Sto-Helit, Death's granddaughter
Death
Auditors of Reality
Hogfather, a god
Albert
Bilious, the Oh God of Hangovers

The Wizards of the Unseen University:
Mustrum Ridcully, Archchancellor of Unseen University
Lecturer in Recent Runes
Chair of Indefinite Studies
The Bursar
Hex
Ponder Stibbons
Adrian Turnipseed aka Mad Drongo
Dean
Senior Wrangler
the Librarian

TV adaptation

A two-part TV film version of Hogfather was screened on 17 and 18 December 2006  on Sky One in the UK, with Ian Richardson as the voice of Death and David Jason playing Death's manservant Albert. Marc Warren played Mr. Teatime, Michelle Dockery played Susan Sto Helit, Rhodri Meilir played Bilious, and Tony Robinson (who narrated several audiobook versions of the Discworld novels) played the shop keeper Vernon Crumley. Terry Pratchett himself had a brief cameo as the toy-maker.

The US debut was on 25 November 2007 on ION Television, the Australian on 23 and 24 December 2007 on Channel Seven, and the German on 25 December 2007 on ProSieben.

Reception
The novel entered the UK Top 10 charts at #1 as hardback in October 1996 and as paperback in November 1997. According to Publishers Weekly, Pratchett used a darker tone and edgier satire for Hogfather than his previous work, and so moved beyond the realm of humorous fantasy and into position as "one of the more significant contemporary English-language satirists".

References

External links

 Annotations for Hogfather
 Quotes from Hogfather
 Synopsis of Hogfather
 Hogfather at Worlds Without End

1996 British novels
British novels adapted into films
Holiday-themed novels
Discworld books
1996 fantasy novels
Pigs in literature
British novels adapted into television shows
Victor Gollancz Ltd books
Novels about religion
British comedy novels
Novels set in one day

Hogfather


Nancy Raffa is an American ballet master.

Early years
Raffa was born in Brooklyn, New York City. She began training in ballet under the instruction of Madame Gabriella Darvash.

Dancing
At 16 years old, Raffa became the youngest, and first American female to win the Gold Medal at Prix de Lausanne in 1980. That year, she joined Natalia Makarova and Company on Broadway. Makarova then brought her to American Ballet Theatre, where she became a member of the corps de ballet. Raffa danced many roles, including dancing in Tharp's Push Comes to Shove with Baryshnikov. She later joined as principal dancer with Ballet de Santiago, Ballet National Francaise, then Miami City Ballet.

Teaching and coaching
After a serious injury, she retired from dancing and entered the field of teaching and coaching. In 1994, she joined the staff of the Miami City Ballet School. Raffa was twice awarded a special teacher's recognition from the National Foundation for he Advancement in the Arts. She was also awarded a grant from the United States Information Services to be a cultural ambassador for a company and school in Honduras. In addition, Raffa graduated magna cum laude in 2002 with a bachelor's degree in Psychology from St. Thomas University.

Raffa became head director of the American Ballet Theatre's National Summer Intensive program. In 2007, she was promoted to ballet mistress with the main company. Since then, she has worked closely with resident choreographer Alexei Ratmansky. She has aided him in his choreographic process for every ballet he has ever done with ABT. She sets many of his ABT works with companies around the globe.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ballet mistresses
People from Brooklyn

Nancy Raffa


George Métivier (29 January 1790 – 23 March 1881) was a Guernsey poet dubbed the "Guernsey Burns", and sometimes considered the island's national poet. He wrote in Guernésiais, which is the indigenous language of the island. Among his poetical works are Rimes Guernesiaises published in 1831. Métivier blended together local place-names, bird and animal names, traditional sayings and orally transmitted fragments of medieval poetry to create themes.

Que l'lingo seit bouan ou mauvais / J'pâlron coum'nou pâlait autefais (whether the "lingo" be good or bad, I'm going to speak the way we spoke back then), wrote Métivier.

He was born in Rue de la Fontaine, St Peter Port, Guernsey, in the night of 28–29 January 1790. He used the pen-name Un Câtelain, as his grandfather, a Huguenot by origin, had settled in Castel. As a young man, Métivier had studied in England and Scotland for a career in medicine, but had abandoned the idea of becoming a doctor to devote himself to linguistics and literature. His poems were published in Guernsey newspapers from 1813 until his death and since.

George Métivier corresponded publicly in verse form with Robert Pipon Marett ("Laelius"), the Jèrriais poet. He translated the Gospel according to Matthew into Guernésiais for publication by Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte, who visited him in 1862. Métivier's close friend and protégé was Denys Corbet 1826-1909, born in Vale, Guernsey.

Influence
The first to produce a dictionary of the Norman language in the Channel Islands, Métivier's Dictionnaire Franco-Normand (1870) established the first standard orthography of Guernésiais - later modified and modernised.

At the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century a new movement arose in the Channel Islands, led by writers such as Métivier and writers from Jersey. The independent governments, lack of censorship and diverse social and political milieu of the Islands enabled a growth in the publication of vernacular literature — often satirical and political.

Most literature was published in the large number of competing newspapers, which also circulated in the neighbouring Cotentin peninsula, sparking a literary renaissance on the Norman mainland.

La Victime

Veis-tu l's écllaers, os-tu l'tounère?
Lé vent érage et la née a tché!
Les douits saont g'laïs, la gnièt est nère -
Ah, s'tu m'ôimes ouvre l'hus - ch'est mé!

(Do you see the lightning, do you hear the thunder?
The wind is raging and the snow has fallen!
The brooks are frozen, the night is dark -
Ah, if you love me open the door - it's me!)

References

Guernsey poets
Norman-language poets
1790 births
1881 deaths
Guernsey writers
19th-century poets
People from Saint Peter Port

George Métivier


Patrick Michael Walsh (born January 13, 1955) is a former United States Navy four-star admiral who last served as the 59th Commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet from September 25, 2009 to January 20, 2012. He served as the 35th Vice Chief of Naval Operations from April 5, 2007 to August 13, 2009, and as Commander of the U.S. Naval Forces Central Command and Commander, U.S. 5th Fleet from October 2005 to February 27, 2007. He retired from the Navy with over 34 years of service.

Biography

Education
Walsh graduated with honors from Jesuit College Preparatory in Dallas, Texas, and was the second student in the sixty-year history of the school to receive both the Distinguished Graduate and Distinguished Alumnus awards.  He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1977 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He attended graduate studies in the International Relations curriculum at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, as part of the Admiral Arthur S. Moreau Scholarship Program. Walsh graduated first in his class and received a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy degree, entered the Doctorate Program with distinction and subsequently received a PhD

United States Navy career

After designation as a Naval Aviator, Walsh began operational flying with the "Golden Dragons" of Attack Squadron 192, deployed to the Indian Ocean aboard the aircraft carrier  and was later selected by Commander, Light Attack Wing Pacific, as the Junior Officer/Tailhook Pilot of the Year. He then reported to Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 5 as an Operational Test Director until selection to the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, "Blue Angels," where he flew the Left Wingman and Slot Pilot positions. When he returned to the fleet, Walsh joined the "Golden Warriors" of Strike-Fighter Squadron 87 as the Operations Officer and flew combat missions in support of Operations Desert Storm and Provide Comfort from the carrier .

Walsh commanded the "Gunslingers" of Strike-Fighter Squadron 105 for missions in support of Operations Southern Watch and Deny Flight from . He commanded Carrier Air Wing 1 for deployment in support of Operation Southern Watch aboard . He also commanded Carrier Group Seven of the  Strike Group for a deployment to the western Pacific Ocean.  Most recently, he commanded U.S. Naval Forces Central Command and U.S. 5th Fleet, while also commanding the Combined Maritime Forces conducting Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom and maritime security operations in the Central Command area of responsibility.

Walsh was a Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget as a White House Fellow. He chaired the Department of Leadership, Ethics and Law at the U.S. Naval Academy, served as the Executive Assistant to the Chief of Naval Personnel, and reported to the Joint Staff for his first flag assignment as the Deputy Director for Strategy and Policy, (J-5). He also served concurrently as the Director, Navy Quadrennial Defense Review and Director, Navy Programming Division.

On February 3, 2009, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates selected Walsh to conduct a 30-day review of operations at the U.S. detention center at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, following President Barack Obama's order that the detention center be closed within one year.

Awards and decorations
 Naval Aviator Badge
 Presidential Service Badge
 Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge

References

1955 births
Living people
Jesuit College Preparatory School of Dallas alumni
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy admirals
Vice Chiefs of Naval Operations
White House Fellows
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)

Patrick M. Walsh


Matthew Scott Wade (born 26 December 1987) is an Australian international cricketer who is the interim captain of the Australian cricket team in Twenty20 International cricket. He plays domestic cricket for the Tasmanian cricket team, who he also captains, and for Hobart Hurricanes.

In December 2020, Wade captained Australia for the first time in international cricket.

Personal life
Wade was born in Hobart on 26 December 1987. He is the son of Scott Wade, an Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL), for Clarence and Hobart in the Tasmanian Football League (TFL), and served a long tenure as CEO of AFL Tasmania. His grandfather, Michael Wade, served as president of the Hobart Football Club. Wade is the cousin of Collingwood Football Club defender Jeremy Howe.

Wade represented Tasmania in junior cricket and junior football, vice-captaining the Tassie Mariners in the TAC Cup, where he played alongside future Australian Football League players Sam Lonergan, Grant Birchall and Jack Riewoldt. He represented Australia at the 2006 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup.

At the age of 16, he was diagnosed with testicular cancer, and received two rounds of chemotherapy before he was cleared of the disease.

Wade is colour blind. He has suffered difficulties on the field due to the colours of certain cricket balls.

Domestic and T20 franchise career

Wade played one List A match for the Tasmania Tigers in the 2006–07 Ford Ranger One Day Cup season, his only match for Tasmania in any form of the game in his first spell with the state side. His opportunities to be selected as a wicketkeeper in his home state were minimal due to the presence of Tim Paine, who at the time was seen as the likely successor to Brad Haddin as wicketkeeper in the Australian national team. Rather than attempt to become a specialist batsman, Wade moved to Victoria in the 2007/08 season, and within two years had established himself as the state's first choice wicketkeeper ahead of incumbent Adam Crosthwaite.

Wade scored his maiden first-class century in the 2008/09 season. He made an important contribution to Victoria's win in the 2009/10 Sheffield Shield final against Queensland, when he came out to bat with the team at 5/60 and scored 96 runs. Victoria won the match by 457 runs and Wade was named man of the match. He was suspended and fined for pitch tampering in 2013 and in February 2015, scored 152 for Victoria in the Sheffield Shield, his highest first-class score to date.

In January 2011, Wade signed with the Delhi Daredevils, going on to play three times for Delhi in the 2011 Indian Premier League.

Before the 2017/18 season, Wade chose to return to his home state of Tasmania for family reasons. He assumed the first choice wicket keeper role with Tim Paine a member of the Test side, although Wade was selected as a specialist batsman when Paine returned from national duties. The move also saw Wade traded from the Melbourne Renegades to the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash. He went on to be named in the Sheffield Shield team of the year in March 2018.

Mid-way through the 2018/19 season, Wade was appointed captain of Tasmanian team and the Hurricanes after a decision by Cricket Tasmania to remove George Bailey to focus on his batting performance.

In February 2022, he was bought by the Gujarat Titans in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. In April 2022, he was bought by the Birmingham Phoenix for the 2022 season of The Hundred in England. In December 2022, Wade was drafted by the Karachi Kings as their Platinum Category round pick at the 2023 PSL draft

International career

Following his success in domestic limited overs cricket, Wade was called up to the Australian team for the first time in October 2011, for a Twenty20 International against South Africa. In February 2012, he made his international breakthrough as a T20I player against India in Sydney, opening the batting and scoring 72 runs from 43 balls to earn the Man of the Match award.

Following that T20I series, Wade was called up to the Australian One Day International team for the 2011–12 Commonwealth Bank Series. He won the Man of the Match award on debut, scoring 67 runs off 69 balls against India at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. During the series, he cemented his place as Australia's first choice limited overs wicket-keeper, and usually opened the batting.

Wade was part of the Australian team for the 2011–12 tour of the West Indies as the limited overs wicketkeeper. However, after Test wicketkeeper Brad Haddin returned home before the Test matches because his daughter was ill, Wade was selected to replace him. He made his Test debut on 7 April against the West Indies at Barbados, and scored his maiden Test century (106) in the third Test in Roseau. Wade was then selected ahead of Haddin for Australia's following Test series against South Africa in November 2012, and held his place until the end of the 2012–13 season, encompassing a home series against Sri Lanka, and a tour of India. He scored his second Test century in the third Test against Sri Lanka in Sydney.

However, from the 2013 Ashes series, Wade lost his Test position to Brad Haddin. He retained his position as ODI wicketkeeper for a period of time, but was ultimately left out of the Australian 2015 Cricket World Cup squad for Haddin. However, after the retirement of Brad Haddin at the end of 2014–15, Wade was recalled to the team for the ODI, and T20I series against England in 2015; but, lost the Test wicketkeeping position to Peter Nevill. It was not until November 2016, three and a half years after his previous Test match, that Wade returned to the Test team, recalled ahead of a struggling Nevill, for the third Test against South Africa, and the subsequent home series against Pakistan.

On 13 January 2017, in the first ODI against Pakistan of a 5-match series, Wade scored his maiden ODI century, which came from 100 balls. He reached 100 on the final ball of Australia's innings, and his effort came when Australia was in trouble at 5 for 78 early in the innings. On the second last ball he got 2 runs off of a ball hit to the infield due to a misfield, which allowed him to retain the strike to complete the hundred. Wade was given out LBW earlier in his innings, but the decision was overturned after he asked for a review.

On 27 January 2017 he was named as ODI captain of Australia in injured Steve Smith's place for their series against New Zealand. He was not fit for the first ODI and ruled out from the squad. Aaron Finch was named stand-in captain for the match. Before the second ODI of that series Wade was ruled out of series due to back injury and Finch continued to captain in the remaining matches.

In July 2019, Wade was added to Australia's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, as cover for Usman Khawaja, who was ruled out of the knock-out stage of the tournament with a hamstring injury.

In July 2019, he was named in Australia's squad for the 2019 Ashes series in England. Wade played in all five matches, making 337 runs across 10 innings at an average 33.70, including two centuries. The series was drawn 2-2. In April 2020, Cricket Australia awarded Wade with a central contract ahead of the 2020–21 season.

On 16 July 2020, Wade was named in a 26-man preliminary squad of players to begin training ahead of a possible tour to England following the COVID-19 pandemic. On 14 August 2020, Cricket Australia confirmed that the fixtures would be taking place, with Wade included in the touring party. On 6 December 2020, Wade captained Australia for the first time, leading the side in a T20I match against India at the SCG after Aaron Finch was ruled out due to injury. In August 2021, he was named captain for Australia's five-match T20I series against Bangladesh. Later the same month, Wade was named in Australia's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.

List of international centuries
He has scored four centuries in Test matches and one in a One Day International. His highest Test score of 117 came against England at The Oval in September 2019. His highest ODI score of 100 not out came against Pakistan at The Gabba in January 2017.

References

External links

1987 births
Australia One Day International cricketers
Australia Test cricketers
Australia Twenty20 International cricketers
Australian cricketers
Australian rules footballers from Hobart
Delhi Capitals cricketers
Living people
Melbourne Renegades cricketers
Melbourne Stars cricketers
Cricketers from Hobart
Tasmania cricketers
Tassie Mariners players
Victoria cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Hobart Hurricanes cricketers
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup
Wicket-keepers
Gujarat Titans cricketers
Birmingham Phoenix cricketers
Joburg Super Kings cricketers
Australian expatriate sportspeople in India
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Australian expatriate cricketers
London Spirit cricketers

Matthew Wade