Igor Yevgenyevich Irodov (; 16 November 1923 – 22 October 2002) was a Soviet Russian physicist and World War II veteran. He is mostly known as a physics professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Engineering (MEPHi) and the author of a series of handbooks on general physics, which became lecture courses in physics in several countries.

Biography
Irodov was born in Murom, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. When he was eight his family moved to Moscow, where he lived until his death. During World War II he fought with various infantry units at the 1st and 4th Ukrainian Fronts, also acting as a drafter and cartographer. He went through Russia, Ukraine and Poland, ending the war in Czechoslovakia. For his bravery he was awarded the orders of the Patriotic War (II degree, 1945) and Red Star (1944), and the medals for Courage (1943), Battle Merit (1944) and the Victory over Germany (1946).

In October 1945 Irodov was demobilized and sent to Moscow to recover his health. In February 1946, he entered the Physics Faculty of MEPHi, graduating with honors in November 1950 with a diploma of designer and operator of physics equipment. After that he worked on his PhD titled Focusing and dispersive properties of particular magnetic fields (), which he defended in May 1956 under Academician Lev Artsimovich. Starting from 1954 he worked at the General Physics Department of MEPHi, first as a lecturer and since 1976 as a full professor.

Publications
In 1957 Irodov published his first book, a collection of problems in atomic physics, which was republished in 1959 and later translated into Polish, Romanian and English. Its eighth and expanded edition, issued in 2002, became the last substantial work by Irodov. He also published collections of problems in general physics in 1968 and 1979, which is still used by many students around the world to hone their physics skills and prepare for various Engineering Entrance Exams.

Irodov spent 27 years of his life on writing a series of handbooks fully covering a university course on general physics. He published the first part (mechanics) in 1975, the second part (electromagnetism) in 1983, and the full set in 1999–2001. In his handbooks Irodov aimed for brevity, crafting concise and clear definitions and removing unessential details and heavy calculus, and for relating theory with practical examples and problems.

Books in English
A collection of problems in atomic and nuclear physics (1966) Google Books, Archive.org
Fundamental Laws of Mechanics (1980) Archive.org
Problems in General Physics (1981), Archive.org
Basic laws of Electromagnetism (1983) Archive.org

References

1923 births
2002 deaths
Russian physicists
People from Murom
Soviet military personnel of World War II

Igor Irodov


Stephanie Murphy (born Đặng Thị Ngọc Dung; September 16, 1978) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Florida's 7th congressional district from 2017 to 2023. A member of the Democratic Party, she defeated incumbent Republican John Mica in 2016. Her district included much of downtown and northern Orlando, as well as all of Winter Park, Maitland, Sanford, and Altamonte Springs.

Murphy was born in 1978 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, before leaving the country with her family in 1979. After growing up in Northern Virginia, Murphy attended the College of William & Mary and Georgetown University. Before becoming a member of Congress, she worked as a national security specialist at the United States Department of Defense, an executive at Sungate Capital, and a business professor at Rollins College.

Murphy became the first Vietnamese-American woman, first Vietnamese-American Democrat, and the second Vietnamese-American overall (after South Vietnam-born Republican Joseph Cao of Louisiana) to be elected to Congress.

On December 20, 2021, Murphy announced that she would not run for reelection to a fourth term in 2022.

Early life and education
Stephanie Murphy was born Đặng Thị Ngọc Dung on September 16, 1978, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Her family fled Communist-controlled Vietnam in 1979 when she was six months old. Their boat ran out of fuel and they were rescued by the United States Navy at sea. They settled in Northern Virginia, where she grew up.

With the help of Pell Grants and student loans, Murphy attended the College of William & Mary, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics. She then went to Georgetown University, from which she received a Master of Science in Foreign Service degree.

Pre-congressional career
After the September 11 attacks, Murphy went to work for the United States Department of Defense as a national security specialist. For her service, she received the Secretary of Defense Exceptional Civilian Service Award. She worked as an executive on investment efforts and government affairs initiatives at Sungate Capital in Winter Park, Florida, and as a business professor at Rollins College.

In 2013, the company 3N2 employed Murphy to lead a design team for new women's softball pants; she is listed in patent records as an inventor of "NuFit Knickers". In 2018 Murphy came under criticism after it was revealed that her husband's company has the pants and other sports gear made in China.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2016

Murphy declared her candidacy for the United States House of Representatives for Florida's 7th congressional district in the 2016 elections. She ran against 12-term incumbent Republican John Mica in the November 8 general election. She was endorsed by President Barack Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and former congresswoman Gabby Giffords. Murphy defeated Mica with 51% of the vote. She is the second Vietnamese-American, after Joseph Cao, to be elected to the United States Congress, and the first Vietnamese-American woman to do so.

Murphy ran in a district that was somewhat bluer than its predecessor after a court-ordered mid-decade redistricting. The old 7th had been a marginal district, even though Mica had won it twice without serious difficulty (he represented a more Republican St. Augustine/Daytona Beach/Orlando district from 1993 to 2013). Mitt Romney won it over Barack Obama in 2012, with 51% of the vote. In contrast, had the redrawn 7th existed in 2012, Obama would have won it with 49.4%.

After meeting with President Trump in September 2017, Murphy said that she and fellow Democrats could work with him.

2018

According to political commentators, Murphy faced the challenge of representing an evenly divided district. "Of the three freshman Democrats from Central Florida, which include U.S. Reps. Val Demings, D-Orlando, and Darren Soto, D-Kissimmee, Murphy faces the toughest race for re-election," the Orlando Sentinel wrote on January 2, 2018. "I think she has one of the toughest districts in the country," said Susan MacManus, a political science professor at the University of South Florida. "It's very difficult to please everybody in a swing district, and that's why it's so challenging."

Murphy defeated Republican state Representative Mike Miller with 57.6% of the vote,

2020

Murphy was reelected with 55.34% of the vote, defeating Republican Leo Valentín.

Tenure
Murphy was sworn into office on January 3, 2017. She has urged the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate various bomb threats against Jewish facilities. She joined the Blue Dog Coalition in the 115th U.S. Congress, and in December 2018 was named one of three co-chairs, handling administration, for the 116th U.S. Congress.

With the Democrats winning a majority in the House in 2018, Murphy was named to the Ways and Means Committee.

In March 2019, Murphy endorsed Beto O'Rourke in the 2020 Democratic party presidential primaries. After O'Rourke withdrew from the race, Murphy endorsed Michael Bloomberg in January 2020, becoming his campaign's national co-chair. After Bloomberg withdrew in March 2020, Murphy endorsed Joe Biden.

On December 20, 2021, Murphy announced on Twitter that she would not seek reelection to a fourth term, writing, "I've decided not to seek another term in Congress. Serving Central Florida has been the honor of my life, but it's also been incredibly challenging for my family and me." There was speculation that her decision was made because Republicans in the state legislature would redraw her into an unwinnable district, but the decision came several months before new maps were approved in May 2022.

Investigation into the January 6 attack on the Capitol
On July 1, 2021, Murphy was one of seven Democrats Speaker Nancy Pelosi appointed to the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack. In a statement following the announcement, Murphy pledged "to fulfill this solemn responsibility to the best of my ability. My goal is simple and straightforward: to find the truth of what happened, and why it happened, so we can ensure that it never happens again. I will follow the facts wherever, and to whomever, they lead—without preconceived conclusions and through a strictly non-partisan lens." She concluded her statement: "To see the citadel of American democracy assaulted is a reminder that our democracy is not self-sustaining. It needs to be preserved and protected by American patriots of every political stripe."

On July 12, 2022, Murphy co-led the Select Committee's seventh public hearing with Representative Jamie Raskin. In her opening statement, she said, "We will show some of the coordination that occurred between the White House and members of Congress as it relates to January 6th. And some of these members of Congress would later seek pardons." The hearing also focused on the role the far-right extremist groups Proud Boys and Oath Keepers played in organizing the attack. Trump's December 19, 2020, tweet "Big protest in D.C. on January 6th. Be there, will be wild!" and its spread to his supporters was also discussed. To show the impact, the committee played audio recordings of its interview with an anonymous Twitter employee who worked from 2020 to 2021 and was on the team responsible for the platform's content moderation policies. The employee said the tweet served "as a call to action, and in some cases as a call to arms" to Trump's supporters.

In Murphy's closing statement, she said: "Our committee's overriding objective is to fight fiction with facts. To create a full account for the American people and for the historical record. To tell the truth of what happened and why it happened. To make recommendations so it never happens again. To defend our democracy. To me, there is nothing more patriotic than that."

Committee assignments
Committee on Ways and Means
Subcommittee on Trade
Subcommittee on Worker and Family Support
 Committee on Armed Services
 Subcommittee on Intelligence & Special Operations, Vice Chair
 Subcommittee on Tactical Air & Land Forces
 Select Committee on the January 6 Attack

Caucus memberships

 Blue Dog Coalition
New Democrat Coalition
Problem Solvers Caucus
Climate Solutions Caucus
LGBT Equality Caucus
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
Future Forum

Leadership in the 117th Congress

 Chief Deputy Whip
 Blue Dog Coalition, Communications Co-Chair
 Future Forum, Chair Emeritus

Leadership in the 116th Congress

 Blue Dog Coalition, Administration Co-Chair
 Future Forum, Chair

Political positions

Infrastructure
In 2021, Murphy was one of nine Democrats who refused to support the Build Back Better Act unless the House first voted on the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.

Economy and COVID-19 relief
Murphy is a self-identified capitalist. She supports a balanced budget amendment to the U.S. constitution, which would prohibit the government from spending more than it takes in on a given year. She views growing federal budget deficits as "major threats to the economy, the future health of America, and national security."

In an April 2020 conference call with business executives and lobbyists, Murphy expressed support for a lobbyist-led effort to reverse a ban in the original CARES Act that blocked business advocacy and lobbying groups from participating in the taxpayer-funded Paycheck Protection Program. The effort included a request to be eligible for an additional $25 billion in government funds for canceled events and other lost revenue from the pandemic.

Murphy was part of an effort by some Republicans and Democrats on Capitol Hill to use the coronavirus outbreak to press Trump to remove tariffs on billions of dollars worth of Chinese goods and imported steel and aluminum. After the administration rejected the requests, she and Representative Joe Cunningham sent House Speaker Nancy Pelosi a letter requesting that she include a suspension of the tariffs in the COVID-19 relief package and mandate that the government refund to businesses the tariffs already paid on imported Chinese goods and imported steel and aluminum.

Murphy introduced a bill to make it easier for small business owners to obtain low-interest loans. It passed the House. She also co-sponsored a law, passed and signed by Trump, that ensures that small businesses will receive a share of federal government contracts.

Immigration

Murphy supports comprehensive immigration reform to fix what she characterizes as a broken system with one that is "consistent with American values." She supports a pathway to legal status for undocumented immigrants and reforms to the visa system to focus on economic development. To demonstrate her support for immigration reform, she posted online a picture of herself wearing an "I Am An Immigrant" t-shirt along with the message, "#IAmAnImmigrant and proud of it. Our nation's diversity is its strength. Opportunity and freedom keep the American dream alive."

Murphy was one of 24 House Democrats to vote for Kate's Law, which proposes to increase the penalties for those who have been deported or removed from the U.S. and are apprehended reentering the country.

Murphy opposed Trump's executive order to temporarily ban entry into the U.S. by citizens of six Muslim-majority countries, North Korea and Venezuela. "I strongly oppose the President's executive orders on refugees, which violate fundamental American values and undermine our national security," she said. "We must work in a bipartisan manner to strengthen our refugee policy in a way that keeps us secure AND upholds our values."

Gun policy
Murphy decided to run for office when incumbent Republican John Mica accepted a campaign contribution from the NRA two days after the Pulse nightclub shooting in Orlando, Florida. (The 7th congressional district includes much of Orlando). She won office with the support of gun-control groups, such as Americans for Responsible Solutions and the Pride Fund to End Gun Violence, which formed after the Pulse shooting. Murphy supports universal background checks, as well as prohibiting those on the No Fly List from purchasing firearms. She has said, "We should protect the Second Amendment rights of law-abiding gun owners, but we should also protect our communities by passing commonsense gun laws."

In 2017, Murphy introduced into the House the "Gun Violence Research Act", which was designed to repeal the 1996 Dickey Amendment, a federal ban on the use of federal funds to fund gun-violence research. She said the ban on gun-violence research was "un-American to its core." After the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida, several Republican Congress members indicated that they supported the Gun Violence Research Act, and Murphy ultimately spoke to Vice President Mike Pence, which she credits with helping the bill pass as an amendment to a budget bill that year. The first grants for studies were issued in October 2020. In March 2018, Murphy said that gun control might be approaching "a tipping point" because young people "had to grow up where they don't know anything but school mass shootings. They're sick and tired of it, and they're activating."

Impeachments of Donald Trump
On December 18, 2019, Murphy voted for both articles of impeachment against Trump.

On January 7, 2021, Murphy called for Trump to be removed from office under the 25th amendment of the U.S. Constitution. She voted in favor of Trump's second impeachment on January 13, 2021.

Military
Murphy was one of 8 Democrats to oppose a House resolution limiting Trump's military actions against Iran without congressional approval.

National security
In the aftermath of the attack on the capitol, Murphy proposed to deny security clearances to QAnon believers.

In a December 2020 op-ed in the Tampa Bay Times, Murphy characterized climate change as a "national security threat and economic opportunity" for Florida.

Police reform
Murphy co-sponsored the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act, a sweeping civil rights and police reform bill that would limit legal protections for police from individual lawsuits, ban chokeholds, create a national registry of police misconduct, and grant the Department of Justice more power to investigate local police departments for potential misconduct, among a number of other provisions.

Murphy authored a statement from the Blue Dog Caucus calling for "swift and systematic change" and calling on Republicans to join them in pursuing police reform.

Trade
Murphy considers herself a pro-trade Democrat, saying in a speech before the National Foreign Trade Council Foundation, "...I don't support free trade.  That's a common term, but a misnomer—because it suggests unfettered trade or a free-for-all. I believe trade in goods and services is vital to advancing America's economic and security interests. I believe protectionist measures are more likely to result in self-harm than self-preservation. I support a trading system that is rules-based.  These rules should help ensure U.S. companies rise or fall on their own merits, and don't have to compete on an unfair playing field with foreign-based companies that mistreat workers, pollute the environment, steal intellectual property, or receive excessive government support."

In February 2022, Murphy was the only House Democrat to vote against the America COMPETES Act of 2022, a bill primarily focused on encouraging and strengthening American scientific and technological innovation and R&D. Murphy said that while she supported many elements of the bill, "the trade section of the bill includes problematic, poorly-vetted provisions and excludes sensible, bipartisan provisions that were part of the Senate-passed version of the bill" according to Murphy. She said the bill "does more to limit trade than to enhance trade, even though expanded trade helps far more American workers than it hurts, reduces the prices that American consumers pay for goods and services, and is a powerful weapon in our strategic competition with China."

Big Tech
In 2022, Murphy was one of 16 Democrats to vote against the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.

Personal life
Murphy and her husband, Sean, have two children. She is a Protestant Christian.

See also
List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress
Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

External links

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1978 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American businesspeople
American gun control activists
American Protestants
American women of Vietnamese descent in politics
Asian-American members of the United States House of Representatives
Asian-American people in Florida politics
Christians from Florida
College of William & Mary alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Georgetown University alumni
Living people
Politicians from Ho Chi Minh City
People from Winter Park, Florida
People with acquired American citizenship
Protestants from Florida
Rollins College faculty
Vietnamese emigrants to the United States
Vietnamese Protestants
Vietnamese refugees
Women in Florida politics

Stephanie Murphy


Leslie Gilbert Pine (22 December 1907 – 15 May 1987) was a British writer, lecturer and researcher in the areas of genealogy, nobility, history, heraldry and animal welfare.

Early life and education
Pine was born at Bristol, the son of Henry Moorshead Pine, a tea merchant, and Lilian Grace, daughter of James Phillips Beswetherick, of Glastonbury. He was educated at Tellisford House School, Bristol, the South West London College at Barnes, and at the University of London, where he took a BA.

Career
From 1935 to 1940, Pine was an assistant editor at Burke's Peerage Ltd. During World War II he was an officer in the Royal Air Force intelligence branch, serving in North Africa, Italy, Greece and India; he retired with the rank of Squadron Leader. After the war and until 1960, he was Burke's executive director. Pine edited Burke's Peerage, 1949–1959; Burke's Landed Gentry (of Great Britain), 1952; Burke's Landed Gentry (of Ireland), 1958; and, Burke's Distinguished Families of America, 1939, 1947. He also edited The International Year Book and Statesmen's Who's Who, 1953–1960; Author's and Writer's Who's Who, 1948, 1960; Who's Who in Music, 1949; and, Who's Who in the Free Churches, 1951. He was a consultant for Burke's from 1984.

He became a Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple, in 1953. Pine was a member of the International Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, a Fellow of the Ancient Monuments Society, a Life Fellow of the Institute of Journalists, a Freeman of the City of London, and a Liveryman of the Glaziers' Company. In 1959 he was the unsuccessful Conservative candidate for Bristol Central.

Pine was managing editor of a British hunting magazine, Shooting Times, from 1960 to 1964. He later authored an important book highly critical of sport hunting, After Their Blood, in which he wrote: "It is our duty as men and women of God's redeemed creation to try not to increase the suffering of the world, but to lessen it. To get rid of bloodsports will be a great step toward this end."

Personal life
In 1948 Pine married Grace Violet (20 August 1914 – 5 November 2019), daughter of Albert Griffin and Margaret Emily (née Stowers), of Chelmsford. Their only child, Richard Pine, was born in London on 21 August 1949. Pine died in Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk in 1987.

Works
His books are:

 "The Stuarts of Traquair" (1940)
 The Middle Sea: A Short History of the Mediterranean (1950/1973)
 "The Golden Book of the Coronation" (1953)
 Trace Your Ancestors (1953)
 "The House of Wavell" (1953)
 They Came with the Conqueror: A Study of the Modern Descendants of the Normans (1954)
 Tales of the British aristocracy (1956)
 Heraldry and Genealogy: Teach Yourself (1957/1970)
 "The House of Constantine" (1957)
 The Twilight of Monarchy (1958)
 Orders of Chivalry and Decorations of Honour of the World (1960)
 Ramshackledom, A Critical Appraisal of the Establishment (1962)
 Heraldry, Ancestry And Titles: Questions And Answers (1965)
 The Story of Surnames (1965)
 The Story of Heraldry (1952, revised 1966)
 After Their Blood : a Survey of Blood Sports in Britain (1966)
 Tradition and Custom in Modern Britain (1967)
 Genealogist's Encyclopedia (1969)
 Story of Titles (1969)
 Princes of Wales (1970)
 International Heraldry (1970)
 The Highland Clans (1972)
 The History of Hunting (1973)
 Sons of the Conqueror: Descendant of the Norman Dynasty (1973)
 The New Extinct Peerage, 1884–1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant & Suspended Peerages with Genealogies and Arms (1973)
 American Origins (1980)
 A Dictionary of Mottoes (1983)
 A Dictionary of Nicknames (1984)

Pine is also the primary contributor to the article "Genealogy" in the Encyclopædia Britannica.

References

England & Wales, Death Index: 1984–2004 Record, Volume 10, Page 2278, from Ancestry.com
The Times, Deaths, 1982–1988 Record, from Ancestry.com
Contemporary Authors. A bio-bibliographical guide to current writers in fiction, general nonfiction, poetry, journalism, drama, motion pictures, television, and other fields. Volume 122. Detroit: Gale Research, 1988.
The Times, 21 May 1987
L.G. Pine, The Story of Heraldry (Rutland, Vt: Chas. E. Tuttle, 1966).

1907 births
1987 deaths
British heraldists
English genealogists
Information and reference writers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force officers
Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
British sportswriters
Members of the Inner Temple
20th-century English historians
20th-century British lawyers
Writers from Bristol
Military personnel from Bristol

L. G. Pine


CentOS is a distribution (or distro) of Linux that is made to be similar to Red Hat. It was first made because the company that made Red Hat stopped making it free. Now, many people work on CentOS, and many more people use it on their computers. Often, CentOS is used on servers (computers which provide services to people or other computers) because it is stable (does not break often) and can be installed (put on a computer) in not much time, compared to other distributions such as Gentoo. On December 8th 2020, The CentOS Project announced the end of CentOS as it was previously known and announced CentOS Stream. AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux among others now provide 1:1 binary compatible releases with RHEL and the original CentOS. The original CentOS will reach end of life December 2021.

Other websites
 Official website

Linux distributions

CentOS


Matthew Pilkington (1701–1774), Church of Ireland priest, writer, and art historian, was the author of a standard text on painters that became known as Pilkington's Dictionary. His first wife was the poet and memoirist Laetitia Pilkington and their second son was the singer and writer John Carteret Pilkington.

Career
Born in 1701 in King's County, his parents were William Pilkington, originally a watchmaker who later kept a Dublin alehouse and died in 1748, and his wife Alice, who died in 1749. He entered Trinity College Dublin, where he was elected a Scholar in 1721 and graduated BA in 1722, and was ordained a deacon in the Church of Ireland in 1723. By 1725, when he qualified for an MA, he was a reader in St Andrew's Church, Dublin and was courting a parishioner, Laetitia van Lewen. The pair married on 31 May and both became friends of Jonathan Swift, the Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, who encouraged their gifts for poetry and satire and introduced them to other Irish literary figures such as Mary Barber, Constantia Grierson and Patrick Delany.

Through Swift's influence, Matthew obtained the post of chaplain to the Lord Mayor of London in 1732 and, leaving Laetitia in Dublin, mixed with leading figures on the English theatrical and literary scene, including Alexander Pope. However, he also antagonised influential people and was imprisoned in 1734. Going quietly back to Dublin after his release, he had lost the support of most Irish literary figures, including Swift, and instead associated with such characters as the rascally painter James Worsdale and Edward Walpole, the prime minister's dissolute son. There followed a very public rupture with Laetitia, ending in an ecclesiastical divorce in 1738 that left him as the supposed innocent party with custody of their children.

Though living in Dublin, he then obtained church posts in villages outside and devoted himself to art history. In this endeavour he enjoyed the continued support of Charles Cobbe, Archbishop of Dublin from 1743 to 1765, and then of his son Thomas Cobbe, acting as their secretary and using his knowledge of paintings to help build their collection at Newbridge House. Despite a modest income, he also acquired some significant works for himself. In 1770 he saw published the major work for which he is remembered: The Gentleman's and Connoisseur's Dictionary of Painters. He died in Dublin on 18 July 1774, his second wife living on until 1785.

Family
His first wife Laetitia van Lewen, born about 1709 in Cork and like him diminutive, was the eldest child of a prominent Dublin obstetrician, Dr John van Lewen. Three of their children died in infancy and the later life of their daughter Betty is unclear. Of the two surviving sons, William the elder became a Church of Ireland clergyman holding rural livings, while Jack (John Carteret Pilkington) had a short but colourful career as singer, soldier, actor and writer in Ireland and in England.

After divorcing Laetitia in 1738, Matthew took Nancy Sandes as his mistress, marrying her on 27 August 1750 less than a month after Laetitia's death. Neither of the two children they had survived infancy. In his will of 14 February 1754, since destroyed, though he owned houses he had inherited from his parents and valuable artworks, he left his eldest son only five pounds while the estranged Jack and Betty were left one shilling each.

Works
Some of Pilkington's published works were anonymous or pseudonymous, but his authorship is either obvious or generally recognised. It is however possible that other works under so far unattributed pseudonyms were by him as well. The book which made his name, however, was The Gentleman's and Connoisseur's Dictionary of Painters, which was regularly  expanded, revised, and retitled through many editions, being renamed A Dictionary of Painters in the 1805 and 1810 versions of Henry Fuseli, and then A General Dictionary of Painters after 1824, commonly known as Pilkington's Dictionary. His works were not free of controversy, some of which he sought, and an example is his contribution to Rapin de Thoyras' Impartial History (1784) which has been described as, "an extreme falsification of his life".

References

External links
 A dictionary of painters; from the revival of the art to the present period From the Collections at the Library of Congress.
 A General Dictionary of Painters 1857.
 Memoirs of Mrs. Lætitia Pilkington, wife to the Rev. Mr. Matthew Pilkington. Written by herself. Wherein are occasionally interspersed, all her poems; with anecdotes of several eminent persons, living and dead. Among others, Dean Swift, Alexander Pope..

1701 births
1774 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
18th-century Irish Anglican priests
Irish art historians
18th-century Irish biographers
Irish male non-fiction writers
18th-century Irish poets
Christian clergy from County Offaly
Scholars of Trinity College Dublin
Writers from County Offaly

Matthew Pilkington


Brock Peters (born George Fisher; July 2, 1927 – August 23, 2005) was an American actor and singer, best known for playing the villainous "Crown" in the 1959 film version of Porgy and Bess, and the wrongfully convicted Tom Robinson in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird. Notable film roles include Carmen Jones (1954), The Pawnbroker (1964), Soylent Green (1973) and Ghosts of Mississippi (1996). He received the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1991 and a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1992.

He made his Broadway debut in the 1965 Norman Rosten play Mister Johnson. He was nominated for a Tony Award and won a Drama Desk Award and an Outer Critics Circle Award for his lead role as Rev. Stephen Kumalo in the 1972 Broadway revival of the musical Lost in the Stars.

In the 1980s and 1990s, he voiced the role of Darth Vader in the serial radio drama adaptations of the original trilogy of Star Wars films, and played two recurring roles in the Star Trek franchise: Starfleet Admiral Cartwright in two of the original-cast feature films, and Joseph Sisko (father of station commander Benjamin Sisko) in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Early life
Peters was born George Fisher in New York City, the son of Alma A. (née Norford) and Sonnie Fisher, a Senegalese  sailor with the French Navy. Peters set his sights on a show business career early on, at the age of 10. Avidly encouraged by his mother Alma to pursue a musical career, he studied the violin from 10 to 14 years of age, but he found out that his singing talents were more prodigious and upon enrolling at New York's famed High School of Music & Art, he immediately signed up for several productions in its musical theatre program. Upon graduation, Peters initially fielded more odd jobs than acting jobs, often working as a hospital orderly at night while he worked his way through physical education studies at the City College of New York (CCNY), but he still stayed connected to the burgeoning theatre and creative community in New York, occasionally doing background parts in musical plays like "Black Aida".

Career
After auditioning and landing a spot touring with the Leonard DePaur Infantry Chorus (of which he was a civilian member from 1945 to 1947), however, he officially quit CCNY. Peters often joked that he "grew up" in the chorus, because his vocal range changed from baritone to bass baritone during his years with them. DePaur subsequently gave him the lead in the Chorus' popular rendition of "John Henry" (which became a repertoire mainstay of Peters in later years, singing the work on one of his two solo albums which was produced by United Artists Records in the 1960s).

At the suggestion of his agent, he adopted a more memorable stage name, reversing the order of the names of childhood friend Peter Brock.

After auditioning and landing a stage role in the touring company of Porgy and Bess in 1949 on contralto Etta Moten's suggestion, he went on tour with the opera, where William Warfield commended his performances and requested that Peters be his understudy as Porgy. It was during this time while he was touring in Europe with the opera that Paul Robeson saw him in his career-defining role as "Crown" and purportedly declared that he was "a young Paul Robeson".

 Peters made his film debut in Carmen Jones in 1954, but began to make a name for himself in such films as To Kill a Mockingbird and The L-Shaped Room. He received a Tony nomination for his starring stint in Broadway's Lost in the Stars.

Peters sang background vocals on the 1956 hit "Day-O" by Harry Belafonte, as well as on Belafonte's 1957 hit, "Mama Look at Bubu". He led the chorus at recording sessions for Belafonte's iconic  1956 album Calypso. He also sang on the song "Where" from Randy Weston's 1959 album Live at the Five Spot and shared vocal duties with Martha Flowers on Weston's album of the following year, Uhuru Afrika.  During this time, Peters and Belafonte became close friends, sharing similar political views and approaches to their careers. In 1963, he played Matthew Robinson in Heavens Above!, a British satirical-comedy film starring Peter Sellers, directed by John and Roy Boulting. He played a supporting role as the gangster Rodriguez in the 1964 film, The Pawnbroker, one of the first confirmed homosexual characters in an American film. He played "Jesse" in a 1972 episode of Gunsmoke. He was a special guest star in the third season of The Streets of San Francisco, playing the character "Jacob" in the episode called "Jacob's Boy" (1974).

In the film Abe Lincoln, Freedom Fighter (1978), Peters plays Henry, a freed black slave who is falsely accused of robbery but, defended by Abraham Lincoln, is found not guilty due to the fact he has a damaged hand and could not have committed the crime. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Peters plays Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white girl, a crime Atticus Finch shows he could not have committed because his left hand and arm were damaged. In 1970 Peters portrayed the voice of African-American boxer Jack Johnson in Bill Cayton's film of the same name, and it is in this role that he can be heard at the end of Miles Davis' soundtrack album, Jack Johnson, saying: "I'm Jack Johnson. Heavyweight champion of the world. I'm black. They never let me forget it. I'm black, all right. I'll never let them forget it."

Between 1981 and 1996, Peters lent his bass voice of Darth Vader for the radio adaptations of the first three Star Wars films for National Public Radio. He also played the role of a Colonial prosecutor trying to make a murder case against Starbuck in an episode of the original Battlestar Galactica.

Peters appeared in the films Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country as Fleet Admiral Cartwright of Starfleet Command. Peters portrayed Joseph Sisko, father of Deep Space Nine's commanding officer, Benjamin Sisko, on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. In 1993, he was a member of the jury at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. In early 2005, six months before his death, Peters guest-starred in an episode of JAG during its final season, "Bridging the Gulf", season 10 episode 15. Peters worked with Charlton Heston on several theater productions in the 1940s and 1950s. The two became friends and subsequently worked together on several films, including Major Dundee, Soylent Green, and Two-Minute Warning. He voiced Lucius Fox in several episodes of Batman: The Animated Series and had a guest role as Morris Grant/Soul Power in the Static Shock episode "Blast from the Past" (2003).

He was involved in many community projects, including being chairman and a co-founder of the Dance Theatre of Harlem.

Recognition
Brock was awarded the 26th Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1990 for his acting career and humanitarian contributions. He was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the live theater category in 1992.

Personal life and death
Peters was once romantically involved with actress Ja'net Dubois. Peters was married to Dolores 'DiDi' Daniels from 1961 until her death in 1989. Their daughter, Lisa Jo Peters, was born November 3, 1962. Peters delivered the eulogy at Gregory Peck's funeral in 2003. His character, Tom Robinson, was defended by Peck's Atticus Finch in 1962's To Kill a Mockingbird.

Peters died in Los Angeles from pancreatic cancer on August 23, 2005, at the age of 78. Peters is buried in the Revelation section at Hollywood Hills Forest Lawn Cemetery, in Los Angeles, California.

Filmography

Film

 Carmen Jones (1954) – Sergeant Brown
 Porgy and Bess (1959) – Crown
 The L-Shaped Room (1962) – Johnny
 To Kill a Mockingbird (1962) – Tom Robinson
 Heavens Above! (1963) – Matthew Robinson
 The Pawnbroker (1964) – Rodriguez
 Major Dundee (1965) – Aesop
 The Incident (1967) – Arnold Robinson
 PJ (1968) – Waterpark
 Daring Game (1968) – Jonah
 Ace High (1968) – Thomas
 The McMasters (1970) – Benjie
 Black Girl (1972) – Earl
 Soylent Green (1973) – Lieutenant Hatcher
 Slaughter's Big Rip-Off (1973) – Reynolds
 Lost in the Stars (1974) – Reverend Stephen Kumalo
 Framed (1975) – Sam Perry
 Two-Minute Warning (1976) – Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum security chief Paul
 Abe Lincoln: Freedom Fighter (1978) – Henry
 Samson and Delilah (1986, animated short) – (voice)
 Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986) – Fleet Admiral Cartwright
 Alligator II: The Mutation (1991) – Chief Speed
 Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991) – Fleet Admiral Cartwright
 The Importance of Being Earnest (1992) – Doctor Chasuble
 Ghosts of Mississippi (1996) – Walter Williams
 Believe (1996, Short)
 Two Weeks from Sunday (1997, Short)
 Park Day (1998) – Heseeit Turner
 The Last Place on Earth (2002) – Jack Field
 No Prom for Cindy (2002, Short) – Doctor
 The Wild Thornberrys Movie (2002) – Jomo (voice)

Television

 The Loner – Ex-Union soldier Lemuel Stove – "The Homecoming of Lemuel Stove" (1956)
 The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1960)
 Gunsmoke (1969) – Cato
 Daniel Boone (1964) – Pompey
 Mission: Impossible (1967) The Money Machine-Walter Dubruis
 Mannix (1970) – Sonny Carter
 Welcome Home, Johnny Bristol (1972) – Berdahl
 Gunsmoke (1973) – Jesse Dillard
 Pomroy's People (1973) – Rev. Pomroy
 Rawhide (1965) – Phinn Harper
 SST: Death Flight (1977) – Dr. Therman
 Seventh Avenue (1977) – Sergeant Rollins
 The Million Dollar Dixie Deliverance (1978) – Zechariah
 The Incredible Journey of Doctor Meg Laurel (1979) – Joe
 A Bond of Iron (1979)
 Battle Star Galactica – Chief Opposer Solon – "Murder on the Rising Star" (1979)
 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1981) – Jim
 A House Divided: Denmark Vessey's Rebellion (1982)
 A Caribbean Mystery (1983) – Dr. Graham
 The Young and the Restless (1982–1985) – Detective Frank Lewis
 Faerie Tale Theatre (1985) – The Ogre
 Galtar and the Golden Lance (1985–1986) – Tormack (voice)
 Murder, She Wrote – Mr. Bently, Juror – "Trial By Error" (1986)
 Broken Angel (1988) – Sgt. Mercurio
 To Heal a Nation (1988) – Paul Turner
 Polly (1989) – Mr. Pendergast
 Gravedale High (1990) - Boneyard (voice)
 The Great Los Angeles Earthquake (1990) – David Motubu
 The Pirates of Dark Water (1991–1993) – Bloth (voice)
 Highway Heartbreaker (1992) – Bert Quinn
 The Secret (1992) – Thurgood "Uncle T." Carver III
 You Must Remember This (1992) – Gus
 Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1994) – Lucius Fox (voice)
 SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron (1993–1994) – Dark Kat (voice)
 Cosmic Slop (1994) – Minister Coombs
 An Element of Truth (1995)
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1995–1998) – Joseph Sisko
 Samurai Jack: Jack, the Woolies and the Chritchellites (2001) – Lazzor (voice)
 10,000 Black Men Named George (2002) – Leon Frey
 The Locket (2002) – Henry McCord
 Static Shock (2003) – Morris Grant / Soul Power (voice)

Other notable performances
 Nat Turner in The Original Confessions of Nat Turner As Made to T.R. Gray, November 1, 1831, LP, CMS Records (1968)
 Stephen Kumalo in Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson's Lost in the Stars (stage revival and 1974 film version) – nominated for a Tony Award
 The Reverend Canon Frederick Chasuble, DD in an all-black film version of Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest (1992)
 Darth Vader in the Star Wars radio series
 Voice-acting performance as the boxer Jack Johnson on the Miles Davis album A Tribute to Jack Johnson''

References

External links

1927 births
2005 deaths
Male actors from New York City
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male radio actors
American male voice actors
American people of Senegalese descent
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Actors from Harlem
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
The High School of Music & Art alumni
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male singers
20th-century African-American male singers
21st-century African-American people

Brock Peters


A distributed ledger is a database that is consensually shared and synchronized across multiple sites, institutions, or geographies, accessible by multiple people. It allows transactions to have public "witnesses". The participant at each node of the network can access the recordings shared across that network and can own an identical copy of it. Any changes or additions made to the ledger are reflected and copied to all participants in a matter of seconds or minutes.

Key Things To Notice

 A distributed ledger is a database that is synchronized and accessible across different sites and geographies by multiple participants.
 The need for a central authority to keep a check against manipulation is eliminated by the use of a distributed ledger.
 Underlying distributed ledgers is the same technology that is used by blockchain, which bitcoin uses as its distributed ledger.
 A distributed ledger can be described as a ledger of any transactions or contracts maintained in decentralized form across different locations and people.
 Cyber attacks and financial fraud are reduced by the use of distributed ledgers.

Databases

Distributed ledger


The British Armed Forces Federation (BAFF) is an independent non-statutory professional staff association for members of the British Armed Forces. It is politically non-partisan. Founded in late 2006 as a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee, BAFF has so far no full-time staff and no formal regional network.  It operates collaboratively, using the Internet as the primary means of communication amongst its members worldwide.  Membership is open to anyone who is serving or has served in the Royal Navy/Royal Marines, British Army, or Royal Air Force, irrespective of rank or type of engagement (Regular or Reserves).

Status and governance
As it exists primarily for the benefit of the members of a profession, BAFF is not a registered charity. The Steering Group which took BAFF to formation stated that the Federation would "not seek to supplant the role of any existing charity or other agency involved in service welfare."

Neither is BAFF a trade union. The Steering Group seemed at pains to stress that the organisation would not be a trade union. In any case, although Regular service personnel are permitted by King's Regulations to join civilian trade unions or professional associations in order to enhance their trade skills and professional knowledge and as an aid to resettlement, armed forces personnel are specifically excluded from the definition of "workers" for the purposes of British trade union legislation. A body set up to represent such personnel cannot, therefore, register as a trade union under the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992.

BAFF is registered with the Information Commissioner as a data controller, under its Company name BAFF (2006) Ltd and the operating name "British Armed Forces Federation". BAFF is regulated by the UK Ministry of Justice in respect of regulated claims management activities.

BAFF is managed by an elected Executive Council of 15 members.

Services and campaigns

According to statements on the BAFF website, the current offering of services to members of the Federation includes:
 An independent voice, including media relations, parliamentary lobbying and representations to Central and Local Government. The Federation campaigns on issues such as:
 improvements to single living accommodation
 improvements to service family accommodation
 armed forces compensation scheme limits
 medical care for forces personnel and families
 medical care for veterans
 social housing entitlements for ex-service personnel and families
 A free legal advice helpline which does not, however, cover "employment-related matters".
 A free personal accident claim line.
 A restricted members-only internet forum, which BAFF regards as a key means of consultation and the identification of collective issues.

Organisational models
According to statements on its website, the BAFF Constitution was drawn up in consultation with some fifty serving personnel from all three branches of HM Forces. A "specifically British solution for the British armed forces", BAFF claims not to be modelled on any other single organisation, but that its Steering Group took into account (and in certain cases, visited) a wide range of organisations representing operational public service staff, including:

Representative military organisations in Australia. The Armed Forces Federation of Australia Inc was founded in 1984 and ceased operations at the end of 2006, but the Defence Force Welfare Association (founded 1959) and Defence Reserves Association (founded 1969) continue to represent Australian personnel and are recognized by the Chain of Command of the Australian Defence Force.
Association of the United States Army.
Permanent Defence Force Other Ranks Representative Association. (Ireland).
Police Federation of England and Wales, Defence Police Federation, and other UK Police Federations.
GCG section of the Public and Commercial Services Union, which represents GCHQ staff.

Military staff associations may be configured to represent
 Specific rank ranges within the military hierarchy;
 Specific sections of the armed forces - Navy, Army, Air Force, or (where applicable) Gendarmerie; or
 Specific categories of personnel - regulars, reservists, conscripts (where applicable) or retirees.
In accordance with the principle "All of one company", BAFF recruits from all such categories, but with a reduced subscription for junior serving personnel.

English language examples of military staff association
Dates of establishment are shown in brackets.

Defence Force Welfare Association (1959)
Defence Reserves Association (1969)

Permanent Defence Force Other Ranks Representative Association (1991)
Representative Association of Commissioned Officers (1991)
Reserve Defence Force Representative Association (1991)

Association of the United States Army (1950)
Army Reserve Association (1993)
Military Officers Association of America (1929)
Non Commissioned Officers Association (1960)
Reserve Officers Association (1922)

International contacts
BAFF liaises with EUROMIL, the European Organisation of Military Associations, but is not formally affiliated to that organisation. BAFF also has informal bilateral contacts with a number of EUROMIL-affiliated associations. As a member of a EUROMIL observer delegation, a BAFF representative has been participating in a Council of Europe working group on Human Rights of Members of the Armed Forces.

Criticisms and controversies
In the course of evidence to a House of Commons Committee in February 2006 the Chief of Defence Staff of the time, General Sir Michael Walker (now Lord Walker of Aldringham) argued thatIf we had a set of Armed Services that reacted to every whim of every influential group in it, we would get nowhere in delivering military capability for this country, so I believe that the chain of command must do that business. The Armed Forces Pay Review Body does look after the conditions and pay concerns and we would certainly lose the AFPRB and I am not sure we would get as much attention from the Government in terms of rewarding people.
Sir Michael went on to give the example of an unspecified national contingent which, while he was in command in Bosnia, had (he told the Committee)laid down its arms because, it said, the pay deal was not right, so they put their arms down. Do you really see British Armed Services doing that? That is the sort of trouble you get into when there is a representative body who are fighting back at home, your soldiers are at the front and they do not appear to be achieving.

Speaking in an Armed Forces debate in the House of Lords in June 2006, Field Marshal Lord Inge acknowledged a "growing demand for a military federation or union", but went on to pose the rhetorical question "whether those [armed forces] who have federations and unions have ever won".

A report published in November 2007 by the British think tank Demos commented thatPerhaps the most distinctive development over the last decade has been the launch of the British Armed Forces Federation (BAFF) as an independent campaigning professional association for serving and retired service personnel... The response of senior commanders to the creation of BAFF and their criticism set out for the House of Commons Select Committee has been mixed. While some senior commanders have argued that any independent organisation designed to 'fight for the rights' of British troops is completely unnecessary and threatens a dangerous breakdown of military discipline, others, such as the late Lord Garden, a former RAF Air Marshal..., have been 'surprised talking to retired senior military people who are prepared to think about it, saying there might be a case for it'.

External links
BAFF official website
"Managing People in Tomorrow's Armed Forces" - Independent Review of the Armed Forces' Manpower, Career and Remuneration Structures (Chairman Michael Bett QC): Report to the Secretary of State for Defence, HMSO 1995;  (hardback edition); paras 7.36-7 "Representation"
 "New People Strategies for the British Armed Forces", ed Alexandrou, Bartle & Holmes, London 2001,  (cloth),  (paper), c.10 - "Independent Representation - The Time Is Right"
"British Armed Forces Federation: An Independent Voice", The House Parliamentary Magazine, 2 April 2007 (accessed Nov 2007)
"Federation X", Membership Today Magazine, May 2007 (accessed Oct 2007)
House of Commons Defence Committee, Report of Inquiry into Medical Care for the Armed Forces, Written Evidence, Memorandum from the British Armed Forces Federation (BAFF) (accessed Feb 2008)
"Fighting for Soldiers on the Front Line", The Inverness Courier, 14 March 2008 (accessed Mar 2008)
 House of Commons debates: Tuesday, 13 May 2008: Kevan Jones: Bill to make provision for the establishment of a Federation for the Armed Forces
 https://web.archive.org/web/20061116065914/http://timesonline.typepad.com/mick_smith/2006/05/would_baff_work.html

Footnotes

2006 establishments in the United Kingdom
British Armed Forces
British veterans' organisations
Military of the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 2006
Professional associations based in the United Kingdom
Veterans' affairs in the United Kingdom

British Armed Forces Federation


Boombal (pl. Boombals) is a relatively recent phenomenon of folk dance parties in Belgium, originating in the French bal folk. The partygoers indulge in pair, ring, line, and string dances such as the waltz, polka, An Dro, etc. adapted from the French bal folk scene. The events are seen as a more social and enjoyable alternative to the individualistic dancing that is often seen in modern clubs. There is a very low barrier of entrance due to the emphasis on having fun rather than meticulously performed and complicated dances.

History
Boombal originated in Ghent, Belgium when accordion instructor Wim Claeys wanted his students to play to a real dance audience. The first Boombal was organised in September 2000 in an old furniture shop, with about 5 couples participating. This shop was located in the Boomstraat (lit. tree-street), which is how the event got its name. A year later, the Boombal concept had grown immensely and with over 100 participants the event was relocated to the Volkshuis van de Dampoort in Ghent. Soon, another move was necessary to the even bigger intercultural centre 'De Centrale'.

In 2006, Boombal is an established and popular concept in Belgium, organised mostly in and around various student cities. In the Netherlands, similar events are popping up, under the name Folkbal. The idea is slowly gaining popularity in other neighbouring countries as well.

Event
A Boombal typically consists of two parts:

1. Initiation

In about an hour, an instructor will demonstrate and teach various dances. Popular ones include Schottische, Gigues and Bourrées. The emphasis is on dances that can be performed with two or more people at the time.

2. Party

Professional folk musicians play live music to which the various learned dances are performed en masse. There is a lot of interplay between the audience and the musicians. A typical session lasts about two hours.

References

External links
 Boombal Website
 Boombal festival 2017

Balls (dance party)
European folk dances

Boombal


William Duncan Livingstone Hardie or W. D. L. Hardie (August 9, 1863 – August 17, 1942) was a Canadian politician. He was the 13th mayor of Lethbridge, Alberta, serving from 1912 to 1928. The former hamlet of Hardieville, annexed by the City of Lethbridge in 1978, was named after him.

William Duncan Livingstone Hardie was born on August 9, 1863, in Bathgate, Scotland to William and Agnes (née Livingston) Hardie. His family immigrated to Youngstown, Ohio, in 1863; although, he returned to Scotland to attend Glasgow University. After graduating in 1883 with a degree in civil and mining engineering, he moved to Pennsylvania where he married Margaret Jane Kirkley two years later.

He was hired by the Alberta Railway & Coal Company in 1889 to work as an assistant to mines superintendent William Stafford. He resigned two years later, worked for two years in Mexico and then worked for the Scranton [Pennsylvania] School of Mines. He returned to Lethbridge in 1894 to work as mines superintendent with North Western Coal and Navigation Company. After 16 years, he quit NWCNC to work for the Diamond Coal Company at nearby Diamond City.

In 1912, Hardie quit the Diamond Coal Company to run as mayor, defeating two other candidates. He took office on January 1, 1913. Two years later, a commission form of civic government was instituted, and he became both mayor and commissioner of finance. When the government became a managerial form in 1928 after great support from the electorate, Hardie's term as mayor ended. He worked as assistant superintendent of the Dominion Government Terminal Elevator until he retired. He died in 1942.

References

1862 births
1942 deaths
History of Lethbridge
Mayors of Lethbridge
People from Bathgate
British emigrants
Immigrants to the United States
Immigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian politicians
Alumni of the University of Glasgow

W. D. L. Hardie


Stuart Robson (born Henry Robson Stuart, March 4, 1836 – April 29, 1903) was a famous comedic stage actor.

Early life
He was born Henry Robson Stuart in Annapolis, Maryland, United States. His parents were Charles Stuart and the former Alicia Ann Thompson.

Career
He appeared in many theatrical productions from the 1860s to the early 1900s in New York City, Boston, and London. He was best known for his long collaboration with William H. Crane, which lasted over ten years. They appeared together in Our Bachelors, Sharps and Flats, The Henrietta, The Merry Wives of Windsor, and She Stoops to Conquer. They were perhaps most popular as the two Dromios in The Comedy of Errors.

Robson was an eccentric comedian who had a curious voice that was often described as the "Robson Squeek".  His first marriage was to Margaret Eleanor Johnson in about 1858. They had a daughter, Alicia Virginia Robson. Margaret died in 1890. Robson married Mary Dougherty, an actress who went by the stage name of May Waldron, in 1891. They had a son, Stuart Robson, Jr., who also acted briefly on the stage in New York and subsequently ran a magic shop there for many years.

Later years

Stuart Robson lived for many years in Cohasset, Massachusetts. He died in New York City in 1903, and was buried in Cohasset. His wife continued to appear on the stage under the name May Robson until her death in 1924. She should not be confused with the actress of the same name, May Robson, who appeared in many films in the 1930s.

References

External links

Stuart Robson (1836-1903)

1836 births
1903 deaths
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors

Stuart Robson (actor)


Joseph-Nicolas-Blaise Forlenze (born Giuseppe Nicolò Leonardo Biagio Forlenza, 3 February 1757 – 22 July 1833), was an Italian ophthalmologist and surgeon, considered one of the most important ophthalmologists between the 18th and the 19th century. He was mostly known in France under the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire, for his cataract surgery.

Biography
Son of Felice and Vita Pagano, Forlenze was born at Picerno (Basilicata), at the time part of the Kingdom of Naples, from a family of physicians. His father Felice, his uncles Sebastiano and Giuseppe were barber surgeons of the noble family Capece Minutolo from Ruoti. After attending the catechism class at Ruoti, he moved to Naples to study surgery and continued his formation in France under the teachings of Pierre-Joseph Desault, of whom he became a close friend and collaborator for his anatomical studies.

Subsequently, Forlenze went to England, where he stayed two years, increasing his experience at the St George's Hospital in London, then directed by John Hunter; he also traveled in the Netherlands and Germany. Returning to France, he began his ophthalmologist career. He determined the different eye diseases and represented them on masks of wax.

In 1797, he practised an eye surgery at a retirement home in Paris, in the presence of a commission appointed by the Institute, as well as several members of the government, and French and foreign scholars. In 1798, he became surgeon at the Hôtel national des Invalides and the Hôtel-Dieu of Paris, where he made many remarkable interventions.

Forlenze cured the soldiers of Napoleon's army returning from Egypt, affected by serious eye diseases. He healed renowned personalities such as Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis, minister of Worship, and the poet Ponce Denis Lebrun, removing a cataract which had been present for twelve years from one of his eyes. Lebrun dedicated to him a verse in his ode called Les conquêtes de l'homme sur la nature. Napoleon, with a royal decree, gave him the assignment of "chirurgien oculiste of the lycees, the civil hospices and all the charitable institutions of the departments of the Empire", thus Forlenze was sent into the French provinces to treat eye diseases.

His activity extended to England and Italy, where he performed free surgeries in cities such as Turin and Rome. In Rome, he cured the Cardinal Doria and was publicly honored by Caroline de Bourbon, Duchesse de Berry. His manuscript Considérations sur l'opération de la pupille artificielle (1805) is considered one of the most important medical works of the time. Forlenze died on 22 July 1833, stricken with apoplexy at the "Café de Foy", in Paris, where he spent often his evenings.

Works
Considérations sur l'opération de la pupille artificielle, 1805
Notice sur le développement de la lumière et des sensations dans les aveugles-nés, à la suite de l'opération de la cataracte, 1817

Honors
 Legion of Honour, Knight
 Order of St Michael and St George, Honorary Knight

References

Bibliography
Jan E. Goldstein, Console and Classify. The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century, Chicago Press, 2002
Rabbe, Sainte-Preuve, Biographie universelle et portative des contemporains, Chez l'éditeur, 1834
Marie-Nicolas Bouillet, Alexis Chassang, Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie, Hachette, 1878

External links
 Biography of Joseph Forlenze

1757 births
1833 deaths
People from the Province of Potenza
Italian ophthalmologists
People of the First French Empire

Joseph Forlenze


Mombasa Island is a  coral outcrop located on Kenya's coast on the Indian Ocean, which is connected to the mainland by a causeway. Part of the city of Mombasa is located on the island, including the Old Town.

History

The old town of Mombasa is located at the eastern, seaward end of the island. Kilindini and Port Reitz, the modern deepwater harbour and port separates the island from the Kenyan mainland to the south. The old harbour, which is named Port Tudor and guarded by Fort Jesus, and Tudor Creek separate the island from the northern mainland. Modern residential sprawl and industrial areas now occupy the rest of the island.

Mombasa is linked to the mainland by the Makupa Causeway to the northwest, by the Nyali Bridge to the east and by the Likoni Ferry to the south.  A road and rail bridge also serve the mainland container port near Port Reitz.

Port Tudor and Tudor Creek were named by Owen Tudor the Royal Navy captain who first surveyed the area.

Geography
Mombasa Island is one of the four divisions of Mombasa County. The division has a population of 1,208,333 (2019 census). It is divided into six subdivisions:
 Ganjoni
 Railway
 Tononoka
 Tudor
 Majengo
 Old Town

See also
Timeline of Mombasa history

References

Coastal islands of Kenya
Mombasa County
Mombasa

Mombasa Island


The Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996 is an amendment to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, a law governing the management of marine fisheries in the United States. Another major amendment to this legislation was later made under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act of 2006. The SFA was enacted to amend the outdated MSFCMA of 1976. The amendment included changes to the purpose of the act, definitions, and international affairs, as well as many small changes.

The U.S. Senate bill S. 39 was passed by the 104th United States Congressional session and enacted into law by the 42nd President of the United States Bill Clinton on October 11, 1996.

Purpose
There were several major changes to the purpose of the law:
 Prohibiting fisheries managers from using social, economic, or any other justifications to allow catch targets to exceed a calculated "maximum sustainable yield."
 Mandating that for each managed species, fisheries managers quantitatively define "overfishing" (certain specified maximum allowed rates of fishing mortality) and "overfished" (depletion below a certain population level).
 Mandating regular assessment of which fish populations that are overfished, and creating an official list of overfished species in U.S. waters.
 Mandating that for overfished species, plans must be enacted allowing them to recover to quantitatively specified target population levels (usually about one-third of the estimated pre-fishing population) within ten years (with certain exceptions).
 Adding that catches of unintended species or unmarketable fish be reduced, to the extent practicable.
 Adding the promotion of protection of "Essential Fish Habitat."
 Adding the promotion of catch and release programs to conservation and management principles.

Definitions
The following terms which became relevant in the twenty years following the original act were added:
 bycatch
 charter fishing
 commercial fishing
 economic discards
 essential fish habitat
 fishing community
 individual fishing quota
 optimum yield
 overfishing (overfished)
 Pacific Insular Area
 recreational fishing
 regulatory discards
 special areas
 vessel subject to the jurisdiction of the United States

International affairs
Besides establishing the Pacific Insular Area fishery agreement regulations, the SFA directs the Secretary of State to "seek to secure an international agreement to establish standards and measures for bycatch reduction that are comparable to the standards and measures applicable to United States fishermen."

References

External links
 U.S. Public Law 104-297 http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/sustainable_fishereries_act.pdf
 16 U.S.C. §§ 1801-1884 https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/usc_sec_16_00001801000-.html

Acts of the 104th United States Congress
1996 in the environment
Fish conservation
United States federal environmental legislation
Fisheries law

Sustainable Fisheries Act of 1996


Evan Seinfeld is an American musician and actor, as well as a director, photographer, writer, and former pornographic actor.  He is best known as the lead vocalist, bassist, and founding member of the hardcore/metal band Biohazard. After leaving the band in May 2011 for personal reasons, he has joined the band Attika7 as a vocalist. He is the founder and CEO of subscription service IsMyGirl.

Career

Music
Seinfeld was the founder, bassist and vocalist for the New York hardcore/heavy metal band Biohazard. Seinfeld founded the band in 1987 but left the band in early 2011. Evan was also the bassist for the short-lived supergroup Damnocracy, featured in the VH1 reality television show Supergroup, with other members including Ted Nugent, Sebastian Bach, Scott Ian and Jason Bonham. In March 2007, Evan Seinfeld debuted his new band, The Spyderz, as an opening act for a Buckcherry performance. The band was originally named White Line Fever until it was discovered that a UK band already owned the name. The Spyderz also featured guitarist John Monte, formerly of Ministry, M.O.D. and The Disparrows vocalist Daniel Weber. In October 2008, Seinfeld briefly joined Tattooed Millionaires as a bassist and co-vocalist.

In 2011 Seinfeld joined Attika7, a band featuring former members of Walls of Jericho, Static-X, Soulfly, and Possessed. The band's debut album, Blood of My Enemies, was released on July 31, 2012.

On July 25, 2019, Seinfeld debuted the first single from his newest musical project, SVG$, via YouTube. The song is titled "Authentic" and is Seinfeld's debut as a hip-hop artist. He rejoined Biohazard in October 2022.

Acting
Seinfeld portrayed Jaz Hoyt in the HBO prison drama Oz for a total of 40 episodes, spanning the majority of the series' six-year run. His character was the leader of the prison's biker gang and an ally of the Aryan Brotherhood, a white supremacist gang. He showed his full frontal nudity in some scenes of the series. In certain episodes of season 6, the Star of David tattoo on Seinfeld's stomach can be clearly seen.

Seinfeld, who was married to pornographic actress star Tera Patrick, has performed with her in seven films under the stage name "Spyder Jonez", including Reign of Tera, Teradise Island (which he also directed), Tera, Tera, Tera, and Desperate. In the final scene of Reign of Tera, he performs as the sole male in an orgy featuring ten Asian porn stars. He also performs in duo scenes with women other than Tera Patrick. Seinfeld continues to work in adult entertainment as Spyder Jonez, most notably through his production company, Iron Cross Entertainment and Teravison, the production company he co-owns with Tera Patrick, as well as his own "Rockstar Pornstar" website.

Seinfeld and Patrick appear in a number of celebrity TV series such as E! True Hollywood Story "Rockstar Wives", G4TV's A Day in the Life of Tera Patrick, VH1's Greatest Metal Songs, and WE's Secret Lives of Women.

Seinfeld appeared in the independent films Angry Dogs, Kiss Me Now, and Wizard of Gore. Both he and Patrick appeared in the documentary Fuck.

Seinfeld has voice acted in several Rockstar Games, voicing a Skin in Manhunt, the Honkers bouncer in Grand Theft Auto IV, and several gangsters in The Warriors, including Hog, Nails, Kevin K, and Fleece.

Other appearances

He is one of the characters in the book Sex Tips from Rock Stars by Paul Miles, published in July 2010 from Omnibus Press.

On November 21, 2011, he appeared on The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills performing in Ace Young's band for Taylor Armstrong's daughter's fifth birthday party.

In 2022, Seinfeld appeared as himself in Sell/Buy/Date directed by Sarah Jones.

Awards
2008 XBIZ Award – Crossover Male Star of the Year
2009 XBIZ Award – ASACP Service Recognition Award

Personal life
After a three-year relationship, Seinfeld married Tera Patrick in a small ceremony on January 9, 2004. The ceremony was held in Las Vegas where they were attending the 2004 AVN Awards show. The couple announced on September 30, 2009 that they were ending their marriage, but that they would remain business partners.

In 2011, Seinfeld married singer and former pornographic actress, Lupe Fuentes. They later divorced in 2020.

Seinfeld is a second cousin of comedian and actor Jerry Seinfeld. The two appeared together on an SNL skit crossing over Oz and Seinfeld

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
American male pornographic film actors
Musicians from Brooklyn
Participants in American reality television series
American heavy metal bass guitarists
American heavy metal singers
Guitarists from New York (state)
American male bass guitarists
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Nailbomb members
Damnocracy members
Biohazard (band) members

Evan Seinfeld


Jean-Gaston Darboux FAS MIF FRS FRSE (14 August 1842 – 23 February 1917) was a French mathematician.

Life
According to his birth certificate, he was born in Nîmes in France on 14 August 1842, at 1 am. However, probably due to the midnight birth, Darboux himself usually reported his own birthday as 13 August, e.g. in his filled form for Légion d'Honneur.

His parents were François Darboux, businessman of mercery, and Alix Gourdoux. The father died when Gaston was 7. His mother undertook the mercery business with great courage, and insisted that her children receive good education. Gaston had a younger brother, Louis, who taught mathematics at the Lycée Nîmes for almost his entire life.

He studied at the Nîmes Lycée and the Montpellier Lycée before being accepted as the top qualifier at the École normale supérieure in 1861, and received his PhD there in 1866. His thesis, written under the direction of Michel Chasles, was titled Sur les surfaces orthogonales. During his studies at the ENS, he also took lectures in Sorbonne University and Collège de France.

In 1870, he co-founded the journal Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques, called "Darboux's Journal" by his contemporary mathematicians. The editorial board was also formed by the mathematicians Paul Émile Appell, Émile Borel, Jacques Hadamard and Amedeo Guillet, with Darboux in the role of President. The publishing house was the Henry Gauthier-Villars et Cie Éditeurs, located in Paris.

In 1872, Darboux married the Beauvaisian milliner Amélie Célina Carbonnier (1848-1911), daughter of Charles Louis Carbonnier, tailor, and Marie Victorine Anastase Hènocq. He and Célina had two children, Jean-Gaston (1870-1921), who was born at the time of the Siege of Paris and later became a marine zoologist at the Faculty of Science in Marseille, and Anaïs Berthe Lucie (1873-1970).

He participated in the foundation of the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles in 1880, an institute that aimed at training female educators and ran parallel to the École normale supérieure on rue d'Ulm. Its first director was Julie Favre.

In 1884, Darboux was elected to the Académie des Sciences.

Darboux made several important contributions to geometry and mathematical analysis (see, for example, linear PDEs). He was a biographer of Henri Poincaré and he edited the Selected Works of Joseph Fourier.

Among his students were Émile Borel, Élie Cartan, Édouard Goursat, Émile Picard, Gheorghe Țițeica and Stanisław Zaremba.

In 1900, he was appointed the Academy's permanent secretary of its Mathematics section.

In 1902, he was elected to the Royal Society and the American Philosophical Society; in 1916, he received the Sylvester Medal from the Society.  In 1908, he was a plenary speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome.
He continued to contribute to the French Bulletin des sciences mathématiques, even after 1916.

Named in his honour
There are many things named after him:

 Darboux basis
 Darboux chart
 Darboux cubic
 Darboux derivative
 Darboux equation
 Darboux frame
 Darboux integral
 Darboux net invariants
 Darboux or Goursat problem
 Darboux transformation
 Darboux vector
 Darboux's problem
 Darboux's theorem in symplectic geometry
 Darboux's theorem in real analysis, related to the intermediate value theorem
 Darboux's formula
 Christoffel–Darboux identity
 Christoffel–Darboux formula
 Euler–Darboux equation
 Darboux–Froda's theorem
 Euler–Poisson–Darboux equation
 Laplace–Darboux transformations

Work

Papers and essays (incomplete list)
 1870. Sur les équations aux dérivées partielles du second ordre Annales scientifiques de l'É.N.S. 1re série, tome 7 (1870), p. 163-173
 1871. Sur la représentation des surfaces algébriques Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques, tome 2 (1871), p. 155-158
 1872. Mémoire sur les surfaces cyclides Annales scientifiques de l'É.N.S. 2e série, tome 1 (1872), p. 273-292
 1872. Sur les relations entre les groupes de points, de cercles et de sphères dans le plan et dans l'espace Annales scientifiques de l'É.N.S. 2e série, tome 1 (1872), p. 323-392
 1872. Sur un théorème relatif à la continuité des fonctions Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques, tome 3 (1872), p. 307-313
 1875. Mémoire sur les fonctions discontinues Annales scientifiques de l'É.N.S. 2e série, tome 4 (1875), p. 57-112. In it were introduced the Darboux integral (based on the limit of upper and lower integrals) and Darboux's theorem in analysis.
 1875. Sur la composition des forces en statique Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques, tome 9 (1875), p. 281-288
 1890. Sur le déplacement d'une figure invariable Annales scientifiques de l'É.N.S. 3e série, tome 7 (1890), p. 323-326

Books
1873. Sur une classe remarquable de courbes et de surfaces algébriques et sur la théorie des imaginaires. Gauthier-Villars.

Darboux's contribution to the differential geometry of surfaces appears in the four-volume collection of studies he published between 1887 and 1896; see links below for access to these texts.

1887–96. Leçons sur la théorie générale des surfaces et les applications géométriques du calcul infinitésimal. Gauthier-Villars:
Vol. 1. The Darboux frame is introduced in Section 4 of this volume.
Vol. 2.
Vol. 3.
Vol. 4.
1898. Leçons sur les systèmes orthogonaux et les coordonnées curvilignes. Tome I. Gauthier-Villars.

See also
Envelope theorem

Notes

References

External links

1842 births
1917 deaths
19th-century French mathematicians
20th-century French mathematicians
French geometers
Differential geometers
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
École Normale Supérieure alumni
People from Nîmes
Lycée Louis-le-Grand teachers
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala

Jean Gaston Darboux


The Finnicization of Helsinki is the transformation of Helsinki, Finland from a Swedish-speaking city to one that is bilingual or even multilingual, with Finnish as both the majority language and lingua franca. The dominant aspects of this transition were the immigration of Finnish speakers in the process of urbanization, and the shift from Swedish to Finnish among some local Swedish-speaking residents over several generations.

Helsinki was founded by the King Gustav I of Sweden in 1550 as Helsingfors "Hälsingland rapids". At the time, Finland was an integral part of post-Kalmar Union Sweden, the surrounding region of Nylandia (now Uusimaa) was predominantly Swedish-speaking and Swedish was the administrative language of the kingdom.

In the nineteenth century, during the Russian period, Helsinki became the economic and cultural centre of Finland. Beginning from the late 19th century, the Finnish language became more and more dominant in the city, since the people who moved to the city were mostly Finnish-speaking.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city was already predominantly Finnish-speaking, although with a large Swedish-speaking minority. In the 21st century, native-Swedish speakers are a minority of 5.9%.

References

See also
 Fennicization

Culture in Helsinki
History of Helsinki
Finnish language
Swedish language
Languages of Finland
Cultural assimilation

Finnicization of Helsinki


KBZO (1460 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Spanish Sports format airing programming from TUDN Radio. Licensed to Lubbock, Texas, United States, the station serves the Lubbock area. The station is owned by Entravision Holdings, LLC.

History

A station at 1460 was activated by a couple of ex-KSEL sales reps in 1953. Their 500-watt daytimer had studios and tower at 52nd and Magnolia in southeast Lubbock. the assigned call letters were KVSP.

In 1954, the station was sold to the McAlister and Maples interests (variously KICA CLovis, NM KGMC Englewood Colorado, KPOS Post, and KBYG Big SPring at various times). Studios were moved into a penthouse suite of the recently completed Great Plains Life Insurance Building, a 20-floor-tall building at 12th and Avenue L (then as now the tallest building in Lubbock). The call letters were changed to KLLL for "Lubbock's Liveliest Listening". In short order, the new owners raised power to 1,000 watts, still as a daytime-only station.

KLLL (AM) was sold to the Corbin family in 1958. They purchased local FM station KBFM a decade later, and eventually changed calls from KBFM to KLLL-FM. The studio building was damaged in 1970 during the great Lubbock tornado and KLLL spent several days off air. They used the former KSEL studios on east Broadway (vacated in 1968 when KSEL moved to their new KSEL-TV sister station plant in South Lubbock). KLLL-FM returned to the air using the KSEL-TV tower. New KLLL studios were built at 1314 50th Street and were placed into use in 1976.

In 1982, KLLL was spun off to local oilman Terry Wynn. KLLL call letters stayed with the FM and the FM company purchased 1590 AM (by then KEND because it was a full-time station), and 1460 changed its format to Adult Contemporary and its call letters to KWAZ for "Kwazy Way-dio". Studios moved to 3210-B 34th Street. 1460 asked the FCC for another fM channel (class A on 106.3 which was granted) and filed for the new channel (along with many others). The grant eventually went to the now KEJS (FM) which went on air in the late 1980s.

The station received a construction permit in 1984 for a new transmitter site and new city of License of Carlisle, Texas. The new site would have required three new towers north and east of Lubbock. The site was never built. Some time later, the FCC granted day-timers use of night-time hours at appropriately reduced night powers.

KWAZ became an early medium-market all-talk station, using network programs from ABC TalkRadio, and CNN Headline News Audio. One of the engineers in this time was Kyle Wesley (now director of engineering for Radio Disney and its owned and operated broadcast stations).

The station was assigned the call sign KTLK in November 1983. On November 30, 1993,the station changed its call sign to KTNP, and on December 1, 1994, to the current KBZO. On September 8, 2019 The Format Was Flipped From Spanish Sports To Norteño Y Ranchera Music José.  It has since flipped back to spanish sports with programming from TUDN Radio as of August 2020.

Previous logo

References

External links

BZO
Entravision Communications stations
BZO (AM)
Sports radio stations in the United States

KBZO (AM)


Duncan Lamont Clinch (April 6, 1787 – December 4, 1849) was a slave-plantation owner and an American army officer who served as a commander during the War of 1812, and  First and Second Seminole Wars. In 1816, he led an attack on Negro Fort, the first battle of the Seminole Wars. Clinch later served in the United States House of Representatives, representing Georgia.

Early life
Clinch was born at "Ard-Lamont", a plantation in Edgecombe County, North Carolina on April 6, 1787. He was the son of Joseph John Clinch, Jr. (1754–1795), an American Revolution veteran of both the Continental Army and the North Carolina Militia (Edgecombe County Regiment) who attained the rank of colonel. Joseph Clinch also served in political office, including justice of the peace and member of the North Carolina House of Commons.

Duncan Clinch was educated in the local schools and by private tutors. In the summer of 1808, he joined the United States Army as a first lieutenant. His first assignment was as a regimental paymaster for the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment in New Orleans.

Military career
Clinch was initially assigned to the 3rd Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to captain in 1810, lieutenant colonel in 1813, colonel in 1819, and brigadier general in 1829.

He served primarily on frontier posts in what were then the southwestern United States. In 1816, he commanded forces in southern Georgia, and was ordered by General Andrew Jackson to attack Seminole positions at Negro Fort, an abandoned British post along the Apalachicola River which had become a safe haven for escaped slaves. He was ordered to recover runaway slaves in hiding at the fort.

Supported by gunboats, Clinch's attack on the outpost caused a major incident when an explosion, resulting from naval artillery hitting the fort's powder magazine, resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Seminoles and slaves, contributing to the beginning of the First Seminole War.

Second Seminole War
In the summer and fall of 1835, General Clinch, who was in charge of removing the Seminole from Florida, became increasingly convinced that removal would require a large and active military force. A soldier who carried mail between Fort Brooke and Fort King was killed and mutilated by Seminoles and Charley Amathla, a Seminole leader who was in favor of emigration and who had sold his property in preparation for removal, was killed by Osceola. In response, Clinch ordered Major Francis L. Dade to leave Key West and bring his company of men to Fort Brooke.

Clinch saw service during the Second Seminole War including the Battle of the Withlacoochee before resigning from the Army in 1836.

I had been taught when living at St. Augustine to regard General Clinch as a strict unfeeling disciplinarian but I learned how good men are often maligned. To me he was the reverse, for his bearing was most fatherly, always available to others and beaming with kindness. Picture the image of an old gray-haired man of 5 ft. 10 inches, of muscular build, weighing over 250 pounds, sitting upon the dirt floor, giving counsel and comfort to a poor dying private soldier. That was the true General Duncan L. Clinch, called by his contemporary officers The Spartan General. His ways were plain and simple, living in a tent like all the other soldiers, excepting he had a bed and mattress to sleep upon. His food was plain and many times I saw him dining with his staff on pork and beans, occasionally getting a beef day like the rest of us. Now and then he would have an extra dish of Indian Corn. He only drank water and many times I fetched a pitcher for him from the large round pond or spring outside the Camp.
When we lived at the Driver's house, I lived with him, my medicine chest being close to his door. I was the first he saw on rising in the morning and the last at night and when we were in the field, my Hospital tent was immediately in front of the General's. So plain were his habits that he was no burden to the Army for even when on the move his only requisition was a campstool. Other Generals such as Scott required a band of music, with a company of professional cooks and servants in attendance. – Steward John Bemrose Second Seminole War 1865.

He lived on a plantation near St. Mary's, Georgia. In an 1844 special election he was elected to Congress as a Whig, filling the vacancy caused by the death of John Millen. He served in the 28th Congress, February 15, 1844 to March 3, 1845, and did not run for reelection to a full term in 1844.

Clinch died in Macon, Georgia on December 4, 1849, after a long struggle with erysipelas. He was buried at Bonaventure Cemetery in Savannah, Georgia.

Honors
Clinch County, Georgia was named for Clinch. In the Civil War, the 5th Georgia Volunteer Infantry's first company was also named after him, as the regiment originated from Clinch County.

Fort Clinch (and Fort Clinch State Park) on Amelia Island, Florida is named for Clinch. The Fort is at 2601 Atlantic Avenue, Fernandina Beach, Florida 32034.

There was another Fort Clinch further south, this one in present-day Frostproof, Florida.

Family
Duncan Lamont Clinch married three times, first to Eliza Bayard McIntosh, then to Elizabeth Houstoun, and finally to Sophia Hume Clinch, to whom he was married at the time of his death.

His son, Colonel Duncan Lamont Clinch Jr., commanded the 4th Georgia Cavalry CSA during the American Civil War. This unit fought at the Battle of Olustee in Florida, and also in the Atlanta campaign later in 1864.

He was also the father-in-law of Robert Anderson (Civil War), commander of Fort Sumter.

His own father-in-law, the father of his first wife Eliza Bayard McIntosh, was John Houston McIntosh, who led the Patriot Group in a failed uprising against the Spanish in the Patriot War in Florida.

Another son, Captain Nicholas Bayard Clinch (1832–1888), was commander of "Clinch's Light Battery", or as "Clinch's Artillery Company", a division of older brother Duncan's 4th Georgia Volunteer Cavalry CSA and an inventor.

Archival material

In the Library of Florida History, Special and Area Studies Collections, George A. Smathers Libraries, at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, there is a collection of General Duncan Lamont Clinch Family Papers, some of which have been digitized. It consists of correspondence of and newspaper clippings related to General Clinch.

Notes

References
Keenan, Jerry. Encyclopedia of American Indian Wars, ABC-CLIO, Inc.: California, 1997.

William J. Northen,  Men of Mark in Georgia, A. B. Caldwell, 1912, pp. 313–314.

Further reading
Covington, James W. The Seminoles of Florida, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993.

1787 births
1849 deaths
United States Army colonels
American people of the Seminole Wars
United States Army personnel of the Seminole Wars
Clinch County, Georgia
People from Camden County, Georgia
Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia (U.S. state)
19th-century American politicians
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves

Duncan Lamont Clinch


The Custos Rotulorum of Mayo was the highest civil officer in County Mayo.

Incumbents

1663–1682?: Sir George Bingham, 2nd Bt
1682–1714?: Sir Henry Bingham, 3rd Bt
1772–1773: Arthur Gore, 1st Earl of Arran
1773–1786: Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran
1801-1828: James Cuffe

For later (post 1831) custodes rotulorum, see Lord Lieutenant of Mayo

References

Mayo

Custos Rotulorum of Mayo