The Dingbats of Danger Street are a fictional comic book gang of kids published by DC Comics. The Dingbats debuted in 1st Issue Special #6 (September 1975) and were created by Jack Kirby.

Publication history
According to inker Mike Royer, The Dingbats of Danger Street was developed as a new series, but the series was cancelled and the first issue repurposed as an issue of 1st Issue Special. In this issue the Dingbats (at least partly by accident) stop the villains Jumpin' Jack and the Gasser with the help of Lieutenant Terry Mullins. Kirby drew two further issues which were not scripted or inked.

The Dingbats reappear in The Adventures of Superman, one of a number of Kirby homages by Karl Kesel. They first appear in brief cameos, but are subsequently seen in full in The Adventures of Superman #549, in which they compete with the Newsboy Legion and the Green Team for a disused theatre. Kesel explained that he was a fan of the Newsboy Legion, and brought in the other two boy groups as a counterpoint to the Newsboys, since all three were created by Joe Simon and/or Jack Kirby. He added: "As much as I love Kirby's work overall, I can't say I have any special fondness for the Dingbats - they served their story purpose as a counterpoint to the Newsboys, but it wasn't like I was hoping we'd get a Dingbats mini out of their appearance".

The group makes a cameo in the final issue of Batman: The Brave and the Bold as Bat-Mite is upset at the comic's cancellation and states several missed crossover opportunities including the Dingbats.

One of the Dingbats, Krunch, appeared as a member of the new Challengers of the Unknown in the 2018 miniseries written by Scott Snyder.

In 2022, a new 12-issue series written by Tom King and art by Jorge Fornés was launched. It takes a darker tone as a plan to join the Justice League by Starman, Metamorpho, and Warlord goes awry, dragging the Dingbats into trouble.

Membership
 Good Looks - an average looking kid, the group's leader.
 Krunch - a large red headed boy whose eyes were always hidden by his long hair; the muscle.
 Non-Fat - a skinny boy in a wool hat with a hot dog. Mike Royer has confirmed that, as his facial features and a few lines of dialogue suggest, Non-Fat was meant to be African-American but was mis-colored as a Caucasian.
 Bananas - a boy who was considered to be crazy. The visual model for Bananas was a caricatured Mike Royer.

References

External links
 DCU Guide: Dingbats of Danger Street
 Cosmic Teams: Dingbats of Danger Street
 Dingbats of Danger Street resource

Comics by Jack Kirby
DC Comics superheroes
DC Comics teams
Fictional gangs
Comics characters introduced in 1975
Characters created by Jack Kirby

de:Nebenfiguren im Superman-Universum#Die Dingbats of Danger Street

Dingbats of Danger Street


Kübra Öztürk (born May 11, 1991) is a Turkish chess player. As of the July 2012 FIDE rating list, she is ranked number 199 in the world and second in Turkey among female active players. She earned FIDE titles as Woman FIDE Master (WFM) in 2006, Woman International Master (WIM) in 2009 and Woman Grandmaster (WGM) on February 5, 2011.

She was born in 1991 in a low-income family to Durak Öztürk, a worker in a garment workshop,  and his wife Gülizar as the third child. She has a sister and a brother. She grew up in a one-room shanty in the slums of Mamak, Ankara with her parents and paralytic grandfather.

Already in the second class of the primary school and eight years old in 1998, she attended a chess course in her neighborhood. Only eight months after her begin, her chess instructor İslam Osmanoğlu took Kübra to the World Youth Chess Championship held in Oropesa del Mar, Spain, where she placed 44th in her age category. At the age of nine, she placed third in the under-10 category of national championship. She won the Turkish champion title six times after 1999. In 2006 and 2007, Kübra Öztürk became European champion. At the World Championship held in Kemer, Antalya, Turkey in November 2007, she placed fourth at  the U-16 girls category even though she gathered the same points with the winner.

After the 2006 Chess Olympiad in Italy, she was awarded the title Woman FIDE Master (WFM). Kübra Öztürk was named Woman Grandmaster after her success at the World Women's Chess Club Championship held in Mardin, Turkey as the second WGM following Betül Cemre Yıldız.

Meanwhile, she helped finance her brother Mehmet's education, who studied Physic at Süleyman Demirel University in Isparta, with her income from chess.

She won the Turkish Chess Championship women's title in Kemer, Antalya on January 29- February, 2012 defeating title-defender Betül Cemre Yıldız in the final game.

She played board three for Turkey in the women's chess olympiad in Baku  in 2016 scoring +4 =4 -3.

Achievements
Turkish Chess Championship (women's section)
 2012 – champion

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Mamak, Ankara
Turkish female chess players
Turkish chess players
Turkish sportswomen
Beşiktaş J.K. athletes
Hacettepe University alumni
Chess woman grandmasters

Kübra Öztürk


New York is an American biweekly magazine that covers  culture, politics, and style generally, and with a particular emphasis on New York City. It was created by Milton Glaser and Clay Felker in 1968 as a competitor to The New Yorker. Over time, it became more national in scope, publishing many noteworthy articles on American culture by writers such as Tom Wolfe, Jimmy Breslin, Nora Ephron, John Heilemann, Frank Rich, and Rebecca Traister. In 2009, its paid and verified circulation was 408,622, with 95.8% of that coming from subscriptions. Its websites—NYmag.com, Vulture, the Cut, and Grub Street—received visits from more than 14 million users per month.

Magazines published in New York City

New York (magazine)


Alberto Natusch Busch (May 23, 1933, in Beni, Bolivia – November 23, 1994, in Santa Cruz, Bolivia) was a Bolivian general who served briefly as the de facto 55th president of Bolivia in 1979.

Background and earlier career

Natusch is of German and French descent, and nephew of former President of Bolivia Germán Busch, he was a career military officer who in the late 1970s rose to the rank of Colonel in the Bolivian Army. He was for many years a trusted member of the cabinet of the military dictator Hugo Banzer.

President of Bolivia following military coup

On November 1, 1979, Colonel Natusch executed a bloody coup d'état against the constitutional government of Dr. Wálter Guevara, which had been constituted by Congress just three months earlier and charged with guiding the country to elections in 1980. The stated reasons for the golpe were the alleged desire of President Guevara to extend his term beyond that established by Congress in order to enact long-term measures designed to stave off a growing economic crisis. Far more likely, it was a traditional right-wing coup staged by officers who had served in the long dictatorship of General Hugo Banzer (1971–78) and who had much to lose by an ongoing congressional investigation of alleged criminal and economic misdeeds committed during the "Banzerato."

In any case, the population resisted the Natusch coup rather heroically, led by a nationwide labor strike called by the Central Obrera Boliviana (COB) of Juan Lechín.

Failure of coup after 16 days

In the end, Natusch was able to occupy the Palacio Quemado for only sixteen days, after which he was forced to give up his quixotic struggle. The only face-saving concession he extracted from Congress was the promise that former president Guevara not be allowed to resume his duties. This condition was accepted and a new provisional president was found in the leader of the lower congressional house (the House of Deputies), Mrs. Lidia Gueiler. Almost universally reviled for the bloodshed he  unleashed in the name of his personal ambitions, Colonel Natusch withdrew from public life. In 1981, he led a military revolt against the regime of Luis García Meza Tejada, while failing to overthrow the regime, led to the resignation of Garcia Meza and his replacement by Celso Torrelio.

Retirement and death

Retired from the military, Natusch died in Santa Cruz on November 23, 1994, at the age of 61.

See also
 Government of Alberto Natusch Busch, 1979

References

Bibliography
Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, "Historia De Bolivia," 5th edition.

1933 births
1994 deaths
20th-century Bolivian politicians
Bolivian military personnel
Bolivian people of French descent
Bolivian people of German descent
Government ministers of Bolivia
Leaders who took power by coup
Military College of the Army alumni
People from Vaca Díez Province
Presidents of Bolivia
Agriculture ministers of Bolivia

Alberto Natusch


The Seal of the City and County of Denver, also known as The Seal of Denver or The Denver Corporate Seal, is the official seal of the government of Denver, Colorado, USA.

Current seal
The corporate seal of the City and County of Denver (shown right) was designed by Denver artist Henry Read in 1901. The circular design features an American eagle, reminding us that Denver is a free, American city. The key symbolizes Denver as the key to the Rocky Mountains, and represents the warmth and hospitality extended by Denver citizens to visitors. The capitol dome is included in the seal, as Denver is the capital of the state of Colorado.

Historic seal
The Omaha and Grant Smelter smokestack that were depicted in the seal design was built in 1883, on the east bank of the Platte River. The tall smokestack, built in 1892, was for years the world's tallest structure. It was demolished on February 26, 1950, to clear land for the today's Denver Coliseum. Denver's view of the front range of the Rocky Mountains was shown as a background, with the rays of the setting sun lighting the sky.

See also
Denver, Colorado
State of Colorado

References

External links
The City and County of Denver
The History of Denver, by the City and County of Denver
The History of the Seal, by the City and County of Denver
The State of Colorado

Official seals of places in Colorado
Images
Government of Denver

Seal of Denver


Stephen Richard Hackett (born 12 February 1950) is an English guitarist, songwriter, singer and record producer who gained prominence as the lead guitarist of the progressive rock band Genesis from 1971 to 1977. Hackett contributed to six Genesis studio albums, three live albums, seven singles and one EP before he left to pursue a solo career. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Genesis in 2010.

Hackett released his first solo album, Voyage of the Acolyte, while still a member of Genesis in 1975. After a series of further solo albums beginning in 1978, Hackett co-founded the supergroup GTR with Steve Howe in 1986. The group released the self-titled album GTR, which peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard 200 in the United States and spawned the Top 20 single "When the Heart Rules the Mind". When Hackett left GTR in 1987, the group disbanded. Hackett then resumed his solo career. He has released albums and toured worldwide on a regular basis since.

Hackett's body of work encompasses many styles; in addition to his work in progressive rock, he has explored pop, blues, world music and classical music on his solo recordings. According to Guitar World: "Hackett's early explorations of two-handed tapping and sweep picking were far ahead of their time, and influenced Eddie Van Halen and Brian May." Other guitarists influenced by Hackett include Alex Lifeson and Steve Rothery.

Early life
Stephen Richard Hackett was born on 12 February 1950 in Pimlico, central London to Peter and June Hackett. He was born one day before his future Genesis bandmate, singer Peter Gabriel. He has a younger brother John who took up the flute and has performed, collaborated and written with Hackett throughout his solo career, and helped compose some of the early Genesis songs uncredited including "Get 'Em Out by Friday" and "Cuckoo Cocoon". Hackett attended Sloane Grammar School in Chelsea. In the 1950s, the family relocated to Vancouver, Canada but returned home after his parents, his mother in particular, became too homesick.

Hackett grew up having access to various musical instruments, such as the harmonica and recorder, but he did not develop an interest in the guitar until the age of 12 when he started playing single notes. By 14, he was learning chords and experimenting with chord progressions, although he never received any formal training.

Hackett's earliest musical influences were classical (Johann Sebastian Bach) and opera (Mario Lanza). He has said that his compositions are still influenced by them. Hackett also has cited numerous British blues artists as influences, namely Danny Kirwan, Peter Green and various guitarists in John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, as well as Jimi Hendrix, the Beatles and King Crimson.

Career

1968–1970: Early bands
Hackett's first professional playing experience came as a member of three rock bands: Canterbury Glass, with whom he played on "Prologue" on their album Sacred Scenes and Characters which was recorded in 1968 but distributed in 2007; Heel Pier; and Sarabande, all of whom performed rock with progressive rock elements. He then joined Quiet World in 1970 which featured his brother John on flute. He did not write any material with the group as the band's founders directed what the other members played, which did not bother Hackett as he wished to get more experience in a recording studio since the band had secured a contract with a label. Hackett played on the band's only studio album, The Road (1970), released on Dawn Records, and left them soon after.

1970–1977: Genesis
In December 1970, Hackett placed an advertisement in Melody Maker in his search for a new band. It read: "Imaginative guitarist-writer seeks involvement with receptive musicians, determined to strive beyond existing stagnant music forms". In a 2021 interview, Hackett explained that, by 'stagnant', he meant a lack of inclusion among the different music genres in the 1970s. The ad was responded to by Genesis lead vocalist Peter Gabriel. Genesis, which also comprised keyboardist Tony Banks, bassist Mike Rutherford and drummer Phil Collins, had lost founding guitarist Anthony Phillips and sought a new, permanent replacement to his temporary replacement Mick Barnard. Gabriel advised Hackett to listen to their last album Trespass (1970) before Hackett auditioned for the group. Hackett's first live gig with Genesis took place at City University, London on 24 January 1971.

Hackett's first recording with Genesis was Nursery Cryme (1971). He helped shape the group's sound by strongly encouraging them to incorporate a Mellotron into the songs, and his guitar work is prominently featured through solos on "The Musical Box", "The Return of the Giant Hogweed" and "The Fountain of Salmacis". He became an early proponent of the guitar tapping technique normally attributed to Eddie Van Halen. Hackett claimed that Van Halen had told him that he learned the technique after attending a Genesis concert in the mid-1970s. Foxtrot (1972) included Hackett's guitar solo composition "Horizons", which he based on a Suite for Cello by Bach. Selling England by the Pound (1973) features Hackett using tapping and sweep picking, later popularised by Yngwie Malmsteen, both of which are used on "Dancing with the Moonlit Knight". The song "Firth of Fifth" contains one of Hackett's most well-known guitar solos and has remained a favourite in concert even after Hackett's departure. The writing sessions for The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway (1974) was a difficult time not just for Hackett but the entire group, partly due to the personal lives of some members which affected the mood in the group. Hackett explained: "Everybody had their own agenda. Some of us were married, some of us had children, some of us were getting divorced. And we were still trying to get it together in the country". Hackett, in particular, was going through a divorce from his first wife. While Gabriel wrote the majority of the lyrics, all the band members co-wrote the music. Hackett had picked out "The Lamia" and "Fly on a Windshield" as his favourite moments on the album.

After recording his debut album Voyage of the Acolyte, Hackett resumed working in Genesis and recorded A Trick of the Tail (1976), the band's first with Collins on lead vocals (after Gabriel had left the band to pursue a solo career). Hackett is credited on "Dance on a Volcano", "Entangled" and "Los Endos". The follow-up, Wind & Wuthering (1976), is Hackett's final studio album with the band. He had grown increasingly constricted by his lack of freedom and level of input and was insistent that more of his material be included on the album, but was rebuffed. Of the nine tracks, he was credited with four: "Eleventh Earl of Mar", "Blood on the Rooftops", "Unquiet Slumbers for the Sleepers..." and "...In That Quiet Earth". Another track of Hackett's, "Please Don't Touch", was rehearsed but rejected and replaced with an instrumental, "Wot Gorilla?". Another, "Inside and Out" (credited to the entire band), was relegated to the band's first extended play release, Spot the Pigeon (1977).

After the Wind & Wuthering tour, Hackett left the band during the mixing stage of the Genesis live album, Seconds Out. His departure was announced in the press during the promotion of the album on 8 October 1977. Hackett has said that he "needed autonomy".

Reunions
Since Hackett's departure, the 1970–1975 line-up of Genesis has reunited a handful of times. On 2 October 1982, the group gathered for Six of the Best, a one-off performance held to raise money for Gabriel's WOMAD festival. In 1983, Hackett was joined on stage by Gabriel and Rutherford during a series of shows at the Civic Hall in Guildford, the three performing with Hackett's band. The set list included a mix of Genesis songs, covers and tracks from their solo careers.

In 1998, members of Genesis reunited for a photo session and dinner to celebrate the release of the Genesis Archive 1967–75 box set. The release featured Hackett and Gabriel re-recording some guitar and vocal parts, respectively. Hackett also participated in the re-recording of "The Carpet Crawlers" from The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway for inclusion on the 1999 greatest hits album Turn It On Again: The Hits.

In late 2005, the 1970–1975 line-up gathered to discuss the possibility of a reunion and performing The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. After Gabriel decided against the idea, Hackett opted out of the project. This led to Banks, Rutherford and Collins getting together in 2006 for the Turn It On Again: The Tour. Hackett took part in a series of interviews as part of the remastering of the band's discography in 2007, and the interview book Genesis: Chapter and Verse released in the same year.

In March 2010, 1970–1975 line-up of Genesis were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame by Phish guitarist Trey Anastasio. Hackett appeared at the ceremony with Banks, Rutherford and Collins, though none of them performed.

In 2014, Hackett was featured in the BBC documentary Genesis: Together and Apart which focused on the band and the solo careers of the other members. Hackett expressed his displeasure with it following its broadcast, which he described as a "biased account of Genesis history" which "totally ignores" his solo work. Hackett was included in the compilation album R-Kive containing Genesis material and tracks from each member's solo career, his contributions are "Ace of Wands", "Every Day" and "Nomads".

In 2022, Hackett said he was invited to the final Genesis concert in London on 26 March. However, he was unable to attend due to his tour being rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Peter Gabriel attended, but did not perform with the band.

1975–present: Solo career

1970s

In October 1975, Hackett released his first solo album, Voyage of the Acolyte. Its original title was Premonitions, but management at Charisma disliked it and suggested Voyage of the Acolyte, to which Hackett agreed. The album features Collins and Rutherford on drums and bass, respectively, and reached No. 26 in the UK and was certified silver. Hackett enjoyed the freedom he had when writing and recording his own album, but was informed by Rutherford and Banks that he could not continue his solo career while in Genesis. Part of one of the album tracks, "Shadow of the Hierophant", was rehearsed by Genesis during the writing and recording of Foxtrot. Upon its release Hackett resumed working in Genesis.

Hackett's first post-Genesis album was Please Don't Touch!, released in 1978. As with Voyage of the Acolyte (1975), much of the material on the album was in the style of progressive rock. It did contain, however, much more vocal work. Hackett, who had never sung lead or backing vocals on a Genesis song, turned over most of the vocals to a number of singers, including folk singer Richie Havens, R&B singer Randy Crawford, and Steve Walsh of American progressive rock group Kansas. He did provide lead vocals for "Carry On Up the Vicarage", but they were processed using a "laughing gnome" vocal effect. The album peaked at no. 38 on the UK chart, and no. 103 on the Billboard pop Albums chart in the United States.

Having released two albums, Hackett was faced with the task of assembling a band to perform the material live. This became a group with John Hackett on flute, bass pedals and guitar, Dik Cadbury on bass and vocals, Nick Magnus on keyboards, John Shearer on drums, and Pete Hicks on lead vocals. The subsequent European tour was Hackett's first as a solo performer. It began at the Chateau Neuf in Oslo, Norway on 4 October 1978 and ended with six shows across the UK, culminating at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 30 October. Hackett used his band on his next album, Spectral Mornings, recorded in the first two months of 1979 in the Netherlands. The album contains various musical styles, including straightforward and progressive rock, folk, and a wider range of instruments such as a Cantonese koto. It reached No. 22 in the UK and No. 138 in the US. The supporting tour included a spot at the Reading Festival in August 1979. Hackett looked back on this period, and the atmosphere within the group, as a hard working and positive one.

1980s
Before Hackett recorded his fourth album Defector, he organised a series of gigs in November 1979, including one in London at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, to test out new material. Hackett found the experience of recording Defector as equal to Spectral Mornings and noted the similarity in music between the two albums, though he considered the material on the latter as some of the strongest of his career. Upon its release Defector peaked the UK chart at No. 9, which remains his highest-charting album in the country. In the US, the album went to No. 144. The album's tour saw Hackett perform his first solo dates in the US. The tour left Hackett exhausted, and recuperated in Brazil where he spent three months working on new songs.

Hackett changed musical directions with his fifth album, Cured (1981). It was recorded without his band which he had worked with since 1979, barring contributions from Magnus and John Hackett, and features Hackett handling all the lead vocals. Instead of using a drummer, Magnus used an electronic Linn drum machine. Although it contained tracks in a progressive rock and classical style for which Hackett was known, it also showcased a more pop-oriented approach. Released in August 1981, Cured peaked at No. 15 in the UK and No. 169 in the US. The album's tour marked a line-up change with John Hackett and Magnus joined by Chas Cronk on bass and Ian Mosley on drums. The tour for Cured saw the band perform at the 1981 Reading Festival.

After promoting Cured, Hackett received an invitation to form a new trio with Keith Emerson and Jack Bruce, shortly followed by an offer to replace Paul Jones and become lead in a new West End musical production. He declined both offers, and went ahead with his next studio album, Highly Strung, put out in April 1983. It would be his last release on Charisma, as growing differences over Hackett's direction, plus management resisting to release an acoustic or live album, caused an end to their partnership. Highly Strung went to No. 16 in the UK, and "Cell 151" became a minor hit there.

In 1983, Hackett had secured a deal with Lamborghini Records which supported the release of his seventh album, Bay of Kings, containing classical guitar compositions. The album went to No. 70 in the UK. This was followed, in August 1984, with Hackett returning to rock music in his next release, Till We Have Faces. It demonstrated a merge of his guitar with influences of Brazilian percussion and world music. The album peaked at No. 54 in the UK.

In 1985, Hackett formed the supergroup GTR with veteran Yes and Asia guitarist Steve Howe. The group released a gold-selling album, produced by Yes/Asia keyboardist Geoff Downes. The album included "When the Heart Rules the Mind", which hit number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, the highest charting US single in Hackett's career. Hackett soon left GTR over financial and management squabbles. Hackett's main reason for ending GTR was the lack of funds to continue the project, and his growing desire to pursue a less mainstream career path. Among them included charity and film work, including a jingle for an airline.

In 1986, Hackett also participated with former Yardbirds members Chris Dreja, Paul Samwell-Smith and Jim McCarty on their Box of Frogs project second album Strange Land together with Jimmy Page, Ian Dury and Graham Parker on tracks, "I Keep Calling", "20/20 Vision" and "Average". In 1987, Hackett contributed to the Genesis orchestral album We Know What We Like: The Music of Genesis, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra with arranger and conductor David Palmer.

After GTR, Hackett returned to the studio and recorded a new solo album, Momentum. The troubles he had faced in GTR led Hackett to rate the album as "a theraputic, cathartic thing" as he welcomed the return to recording "music without props". Released in March 1988, his tour across Europe to promote the album was met with large and enthusiastic crowds which included gigs in Estonia, Russia, and the Soviet Union.

In late 1989, Hackett was the helm of the charity single "Sailing", a cover of Rod Stewart's 1975 hit released under the name Rock Against Repatriation. It was to raise money and awareness of Asian groups that left the difficult conditions of their home but were refused entry into Western countries. Released as a single in 1990, the song included Brian May, the Moody Blues, Mike Rutherford, Phil Manzanera, and Godley & Creme.

In the 1980s he also made a special appearance on Brazilian singer Ritchie's first album, named Voo de Coração (1983). He is co-author of the song "A Mulher Invisível" (1984), from the 2nd LP of the countryman living in Brazil and also played guitar on the track "Meantime" (a poem by Fernando Pessoa music by Ritchie) on the 4th LP of the artist, Loucura e Mágica (1987).

1990s

In 1992, Hackett resumed touring for the first time in six years, which also saw his return to activity in the US in several years. His reason for the prolonged absence was down to his involvement in various legal issues which prevented him from touring there. Hackett was pleased that his 1992 North American tour was well attended, and used it to test the strength of some new material that he had been working on to an audience, as well as to promote his first live album, Time Lapse. A few months after the release of Time Lapse, Hackett also released a compilation album The Unauthorised Biography, which included two brand new studio tracks, one of which, "Don't Fall Away from Me", was a co-write between Hackett and Brian May of Queen. 1992 also saw Hackett's acoustic performance with the London Chamber Orchestra with a program of Vivaldi. He picked the show as a career highlight.

In May 1993, Hackett released his tenth studio album, Guitar Noir. It includes the track "Walking Away from Rainbows", which lyrically dealt with Hackett's career decision of leaving mainstream music and pursuing what he wishes. Shortly after its release Hackett considered the album "the most crucial thing I've ever done. It's been the thing I've most wanted to do as an album because I've been reduced to silence for so long." Hackett followed this with a blues album, Blues with a Feeling (1994), formed of covers and original material penned by him and his group.

For his next album, Hackett decided to rework a selection of Genesis tracks with various guest musicians. This was released in 1996 as Genesis Revisited, which peaked at No. 95 in the UK. It includes "Déjà Vu", a track Hackett wrote with Peter Gabriel in 1973 during the Selling England by the Pound sessions that had remained unfinished. In retrospect, Hackett said that much of the album made him "wince", and that he can "hear the struggles". Hackett promoted the album with two shows in Tokyo in December 1996 with John Wetton, Chester Thompson, Ian McDonald, and Julian Colbeck. The concerts were recorded and filmed, later released as The Tokyo Tapes in 1998.

In April 1997 he released the neo-classical influenced A Midsummer Night's Dream with accompaniments from the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. It reached the top 10 UK classical chart. This marked the beginning of keyboardist, arranger, and producer Roger King taking a more prominent role on Hackett's future albums and live shows. In 1999, Hackett released his fourteenth studio album, Darktown. The album is named after a book, and the music and lyrical ideas took eight years to finalise. Hackett looked back on the album as one with lyrical themes that he had not been "brave enough" to present before. It went to No. 156 in the UK.

2000s

In 2000, Hackett and his brother John released Sketches of Satie, a tribute album to the French composer Erik Satie with the compositions rearranged for flute and guitar. Hackett said that he had not worked on a project with John for some time and had missed playing with him, leading to his manager Billy Budis to suggest an album of Satie's music. Later in 2000, an album of Hackett's with material originally put together in 1986 but put on the shelf, was released as Feedback 86. A portion of the material was for a second GTR album, and features appearances by Brian May.

In 2001, Hackett contributed instrumental music to the score of Outwitting Hitler, a documentary about a Holocaust survivor. It was his first venture into soundtrack work, and had one weekend to finish it. He used themes that he had previously released with some originally intended for his future guitar/orchestra album Metamorpheus (2005).

In 2003, Hackett released To Watch the Storms, his first studio album in four years and his first completed in his new recording studio, Crown Studios. It also marked his return to progressive rock music, and unlike his several previous records the material was put together within three months. His next solo release was the orchestral Metamorpheus (2005) with the Underworld Orchestra, which dates back to 1997 when Hackett recorded his guitar parts for the songs. This was followed by the rock album Wild Orchids (2006), followed by Tribute (2007), a classical album showcasing original pieces and renditions of those by Bach, Byrd, Barrios, and Andrés Segovia.

The recording of Out of the Tunnel's Mouth (2009), was met with various legal issues, including those instigated by Poor and his former manager Billy Budis regarding its rights and attempt to block its release, to prevent Hackett from playing on records by other artists, and the ownership of Hackett's catalogue on Camino Records. A court decision allowed Hackett to "be back in the record business", and to release Out of the Tunnel's Mouth on his new label Wolfwork Records in October 2009. The album was recorded at Hackett's own flat rather than a professional studio. It features contributions by former Genesis guitarist Anthony Phillips and Yes bassist Chris Squire. Hackett toured the album.

In August 2009, an official, authorised biography, Sketches of Hackett by Alan Hewitt, was released. The first edition hardback includes a bonus DVD with a 90-minute interview.

2010s
On 15 March 2010, Genesis was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with Hackett making a rare appearance alongside Collins, Banks and Rutherford at the ceremony, though they did not perform together. Hackett, in recent years, has put on record his willingness to participate in a reunion. A planned reunion of the classic 1970s Genesis line-up fell apart in 2007 when Peter Gabriel expressed reservations, and subsequently Hackett dropped out in deference to the Genesis 'trio' line-up, as opposed to the four-piece.

In 2011, Hackett released his 24th studio album Beyond the Shrouded Horizon (no. 133 in the UK album chart). In 2012 he went on tour to promote the album in the UK. In 2012, Hackett and Chris Squire again collaborated to release the album A Life Within a Day under the name of Squackett.

Hackett released Genesis Revisited II in October 2012. His main reason to revisit the project was the desire to perform the material live once more, and got various musicians to perform the songs which cover material by Genesis and some solo material. Involved was former Genesis lead vocalist Ray Wilson. The album was met with enthusiasm from the public which resulted in Hackett making a stronger chart presence and a sell out supporting tour in the UK. The album reached No. 24 in the UK. In June 2013, both Genesis Revisited albums were awarded a Japanese Gold Sales Award for 100,000 copies sold. The UK tour included a show at Hammersmith Apollo, London which won Hackett the Event of the Year Award at the 2013 Progressive Music Awards. The show was released on CD and DVD as Genesis Revisited: Live at Hammersmith which reached No. 58 in the UK. Hackett completed a second tour with a rearranged setlist in 2014 which spawned Genesis Revisited: Live at the Royal Albert Hall. This reached No. 80 in the UK. Following the success of the Genesis Revisited tours, Hackett has considered himself as "the keeper of the flame of the early work" of Genesis.

In March 2015, Hackett released Wolflight. It reached No. 31 in the UK. Wolflight also contains Chris Squire's last studio recording with the track "Love Song to a Vampire". In September 2015, the independent music company Wienerworld released The Man, The Music, a documentary on Hackett's career that went to No. 5 on the UK DVD chart. That October, Universal/Virgin released Premonitions: The Charisma Years 1975–1983, a 14-disc box set of his first six studio albums with extra material including live recordings and new remixes by Steven Wilson.

Hackett's solo album The Night Siren (no. 28 UK album chart) was released in March 2017 and entered top 40 in six international album charts. The album continues the exploration of world music/progressive rock, and also contains influences from the Beatles' psychedelia period and classic science fiction. In October Hackett won the "Chris Squire Virtuoso" award at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.

In October 2018, Hackett underwent a UK tour which featured his band performing Genesis and solo tracks with the 41-piece Heart of England Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Bradley Tkachuk. Tkachuk and his brother took the orchestral arrangements that they had produced for a concert that Hackett performed in Buffalo, New York in 2017, which also featured an orchestra on stage, as the basis for the orchestral parts used for the tour, including those from Hackett's collaboration with the Icelandic band Todmobile. A live album and concert film from the tour was released in 2019, entitled at the Royal Festival Hall, London was released in 2019, entitled Genesis Revisited Band & Orchestra: Live at the Royal Festival Hall.

Hackett released At the Edge of Light, in January 2019. The album reached no 28 in the UK and marked Hacketts 10th solo album on the UK top 40 album charts since his solo debut in 1975. In 2019, Hackett toured with a set comprising Selling England by the Pound performed in its entirety with other Genesis songs, plus tracks from At the Edge of Light and Spectral Mornings to commemorate the latter's fortieth anniversary. The show at London's Hammersmith Apollo, the last of the tour was released as a live album and concert film on 25 September 2020, entitled Selling England by the Pound & Spectral Mornings: Live at Hammersmith.

2020s
In March 2020, Hackett cancelled his existing North American tour just before a performance in Harrisburg, PA due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He resumed touring with performances including Genesis' Seconds Out in November 2021 in Finland followed by resumption of the cancelled North American tour in April 2022 in Boston following cancellation of the Canadian leg of the tour in March due to a case of COVID in the touring team.

In July 2020, Hackett released an autobiography, A Genesis in My Bed. In an interview promoting the book, he revealed that he was collaborating with Roger King on an acoustic album with an orchestra named Under a Mediterranean Sky, as well as a rock album with world music influences named Surrender of Silence. The albums were released on 22 January 2021 and 10 September 2021, respectively. Surrender of Silence entered the UK chart at 31 and made the top 10 chart in Germany.

Personal life
Hackett has been married three times. His first was to Ellen Busse in 1972 and the couple had one son, Oliver (b. 1974). The marriage ended in a divorce in 1974. In 1981, Hackett married Brazilian painter and jewellery artist Kim Poor, who designed many of his album covers. They divorced in 2007, which led Poor to file a legal case against Hackett, claiming she was a joint owner of Stephen Hackett Ltd., into which all future royalties from Genesis songs he had written and performed were paid. In 2006, Hackett arranged for all royalties to be paid directly to him rather than the company, which Poor argued was in breach of the agreement whereby she was entitled to a share of the money. Poor also challenged Hackett's right to make new albums independently, causing further issues. The case was settled in 2010.

In June 2011, Hackett married author Jo Lehmann, who has written lyrics on several of Hackett's songs. Jo's sister Amanda is a singer, songwriter, and musician who has performed on several of Hackett's songs and tours since 2009.

Live band members

Current

 Steve Hackett – guitar, harmonica, vocals (1978–present)
 Roger King – keyboards (2001–present)
 Rob Townsend – saxophone, flute, keyboards, percussion, bass pedals, vocals (2001–2004, 2009–present)
 Nad Sylvan – vocals, tambourine (2013–present)
 Jonas Reingold – bass, 12-string guitar, bass pedals, vocals (2018–present)
 Craig Blundell – drums, percussion, vocals (2018–present)

Discography

Studio albums

References

Books

External links

Official website at HackettSongs.com

Genesis (band) members
English male songwriters
English rock guitarists
Lead guitarists
Progressive rock guitarists
English classical guitarists
English male guitarists
1950 births
Living people
People from Pimlico
English people of Polish descent
GTR (band) members
Charisma Records artists
Chrysalis Records artists
Epic Records artists
Inside Out Music artists
Gordian Knot (band) members
British autoharp players

Steve Hackett


In entertainment, a virtual band (also called a virtual idol, virtual singer, virtual group, cartoon group, cartoon idol, cartoon singer or cartoon band) is a band or music group whose members are not depicted people, but animated characters or virtual avatars. The music is recorded (and, in the case of concerts, performed) by real musicians and producers, while any media related to the virtual band, including albums, video clips and the visual component of stage performances, feature the animated line-up; in many cases the virtual band members have been credited as the writers and performers of the songs. Live performances can become rather complex, requiring perfect synchronization between the visual and audio components of the show.

The term virtual band was popularized with Gorillaz in 2000. However, the concept of the virtual band was first demonstrated by Alvin and the Chipmunks in 1958, when their creator, Ross Bagdasarian, accelerated recordings of his own voice to achieve the "chipmunk voice". There have since been numerous virtual bands that have recorded material. Computer animation, traditional animation, and vocal mixing and manipulation are common features.

The term virtual idol originates from Japan, where it dates back to the 1980s and has roots in anime and Japanese idol culture. Popular virtual idols include the Vocaloid singer Hatsune Miku and the virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI.

The term is sometimes confused for music groups who collaborate using the Internet, who do not require members to be in the same physical place for their work.

Members
The members of virtual groups are depicted as animated characters, with their own personality, voice, history, and playing style. For example, Alvin, the leader of the Chipmunks, is mischievous, and Skeleton Staff's Guitarist Stanton is a party-going underachiever. Furthermore, Freen in Green's bassist Sparky is sluggish, Murdoc of Gorillaz is a middle-aged satanic bass player.
Another example is Hatsune Miku who does not have a definite personality; her personality changes in each song based on interactions from the users of Vocaloid.

The style of animation used for depicting the characters varies. Some groups and idols, like The Archies, Gorillaz, Dethklok, The Banana Splits, Prozzäk, One-T, Dvar, Renard, VBirds, One eskimO and Alvin and the Chipmunks are hand-drawn characters, and much of their media uses traditional animation and cartooning techniques. Others, such as Hatsune Miku, Kizuna Ai, Crazy Frog, Genki Rockets, Gummibär, Pinocchio, The Bots, Studio Killers, Beatcats, K/DA, Hololive and Mave: are computer-generated.

Some people consider puppetry as a form of animation; this consideration means groups like Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem or 31 Minutes can be considered virtual bands.

Production

In studio
The recording of the music is done by the human musicians and artists, whom the virtual artists are depicted to emulate. In some cases, the singing is done by machines or synthesizer applications, like the Hatsune Miku vocaloid. This is done using the normal in-studio recording process; see Sound recording for a detailed explanation.

In some instances, most notably The Chipmunks, manipulation of voices may be employed, either to achieve a desired vocal effect, or to make it dissimilar to the voice of the actual singer. The manipulation is done by either modifying the playback speed of the vocal track or by putting it through a synthesizer (Vocoding).

Writing and production credits may be assigned to either the virtual band characters, or the human writers and artists involved.

On stage
Virtual bands often perform through virtual concerts, where their likenesses are represented digitally on stage. One of two methods can be employed for live performances. The first involves animating the entire set, with little or no allowance for audience interaction, then "performing" it as is. The major pitfall with this method is the lack of audience interaction, which can be vital during concerts. This is best suited to short performances, where audience response can be predicted.

The second, and more complex, method differs from the first in that allowance is made for a variety of responses and interaction. This means having a wide range of animated sequences ready to play, with matching spoken lines, in response to different reactions.

In both cases, extensive rehearsal is required to synchronize spoken lines and instrumentation with animated action. This can be eliminated by using pre-recorded music and speech; however, doing so also weakens the actual "live" experience.

(Some non-virtual artists and groups have employed a similar technique on some concert tours and performances. DJ Shadow, for example, on his In Tune and On Time tour, had pre-animated sequences, which were played on giant screens behind him while he performed the set. Again, a large amount of pre-tour planning and synchronization rehearsal was required beforehand.)

History

Early history
While the term had not been coined at the time, Alvin and the Chipmunks were the first virtual band to receive widespread fame. Centered on Alvin, his two brothers Simon and Theodore, and their manager/father Dave Seville, their voices were created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., who accelerated the recording of his voice to create the distinctive sound; the process earned him two Grammys in 1959 for engineering.

The success of the Chipmunks spurred on another group, the Nutty Squirrels, to join the ranks. A scat-singing version of Bagdasarian's creation, they made the American Top 40 with their song "Uh-Oh". Their success, however, was short-lived.

Television
In 1968, The Banana Splits premiered on NBC but failed to chart the top 40. A year later in 1969, from rival CBS, The Archies were the first virtual band to appear in worldwide pop charts.

During this time, other television programs, such as Josie and the Pussycats and The Muppet Show, began to include bands as part of the format (in the case of Josie and the Pussycats, the eponymous band was the show's focus). Some of the groups that appeared on these shows released mainstream recordings. Some bands, however, would "break up" after the end of the show's run.

After The Archies, produced by Filmation, became a huge pop hit, Hanna-Barbera started releasing several cartoon TV shows with the adventures of rock bands, such as Josie and the Pussycats, The Cattanooga Cats, The Impossibles, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids, Jabberjaw, and others.

During the 1980s, Hasbro released Jem, an animated TV series featuring two enemy bands with a music video in each episode.

Virtual bands still appear in television: the Chipmunks appeared in their own television show for much of the 1990s, and the Adult Swim show Metalocalypse features the virtual melodic death metal band Dethklok.

Japanese virtual idols

Virtual idols originate from Japan, with roots in anime and Japanese idol culture, and dating back to the 1980s, starting with the Macross mecha anime franchise (adapted into the Robotech franchise in North America). The first virtual idol was Lynn Minmay, a fictional singer who is one of the main characters in the anime television series Super Dimension Fortress Macross (1982) and the animated film adaptation Macross: Do You Remember Love? (1984). Voiced by Mari Iijima, Lynn Minmay became the first fictional idol singer to garner major real-world success. The theme song "Do You Remember Love?" (from the film Macross: Do You Remember Love?) reached number seven on the Oricon music charts in Japan, and the song has since been covered numerous times over the next several decades.

The Japanese cyberpunk anime Megazone 23 (1985) took the virtual idol concept further with EVE, who is depicted as a computer-based artificial intelligence (AI) who takes the form of a virtual idol within a proto-Matrix-like virtual reality. Megazone 23 was a success in Japan partly due to the appeal of EVE, and it was later adapted into Robotech: The Movie (1986) in North America. A similar concept later appeared in Macross Plus (1994) with the virtual idol Sharon Apple, a computer program who takes the form of an intergalactic pop star. The same year, the fictional Japanese rock band Fire Bomber from Macross 7 (1994) became a commercial success, spawning multiple CDs released in Japan.

The Japanese talent agency Horipro created the first real-life AI virtual idol, Kyoko Date, in 1995. Her creation was inspired by the success of the Macross franchise and dating sim games such as Tokimeki Memorial (1994), along with advances in computer graphics. Her initial announcement drew headlines, both in Japan and internationally, before she debuted as a CGI idol in 1996. However, she failed to gain commercial success, largely due to technical limitations leading to issues such as unnatural movement (an issue known as the uncanny valley). Despite her failure, she provided the template for later virtual idols who gained commercial success in the early 21st century, such as the Vocaloid singer Hatsune Miku and the virtual YouTuber Kizuna AI.

In 2007, Crypton Future Media and Yamaha launched Vocaloid 2, with the voice bank of Hatsune Miku. In 2009, Hatsune Miku had her first concert. Other Vocaloids include Meiko, Kaito, Kagamine Rin and Len, and Megurine Luka.

Virtual bands can also originate from video games, as proven by the 2015 Wii U game Splatoon, which features songs credited to various virtual bands, the most notable being a pop duo called the Squid Sisters, who have performed several real world concerts as holograms. The game's 2017 Nintendo Switch sequel, Splatoon 2, introduces more virtual bands, most notably Off the Hook, a duo similar to the Squid Sisters. The two duos have performed together as holograms, and has had a special guest, K.K. Slider from the Animal Crossing series, to celebrate the release of Animal Crossing New Horizons.  Prior to it, Nintendo had already made a virtual band composed of characters from Pikmin called Strawberry Flower, to promote the games. Their first single, Ai no Uta, was a massive success in Japan, reaching #2 on the Weekly Oricon Top 200 Singles chart. In 2020, Sega and Sanrio teamed up to make their first collaboration virtual band, Beatcats.

Korean virtual bands

Eternity is a virtual idol group formed by Pulse9. The group debuted on March 22, 2021, with the single "I'm Real". The group consists of 11 members: Seoa, Sujin, Minji, Zae-in, Hyejin, Dain, Chorong, Jiwoo, Yeoreum, Sarang and Yejin. They are created with artificial intelligence technology, Deep Real.

Mave: is a virtual girl group formed in 2023 by Metaverse Entertainment. The group consists of Siu, Zena, Marty, and Tyra, who are hyper-realistic, AI-generated members that were created using machine learning, deep fake, and full 3D production technology.

See also
 Avatar (computing)
 Uncanny valley
 Virtual actor
 Virtual concert
 Virtual influencer
 Virtual YouTuber

References

Virtual band


Tricked: The Documentary is a 2013 American documentary film directed by John-Keith Wasson and Jane Wells. It documents human sex trafficking, and its presence within the United States, from the perspectives of the victims involved in sex trafficking, the "johns" who pay for the sex and the pimps responsible for instigating the illegal business. It was produced by 3 Generations and distributed by First Run Features in Canada and the United States.

In addition to the various people interviewed in this documentary, the film follows law enforcement agencies and their efforts to crack down on this illegal enterprise, such as Sgt. Dan Steele of the Denver vice squad. The film is meant not only to educate people on trafficking, but to help them understand and spot the scouting and manipulating techniques commonly used by traffickers.

Filming for Tricked took place in New York City, Las Vegas, Denver, Chicago and Washington D.C. It premiered on December 13, 2013, at the Quad Cinema in New York City.It was also selected for screening at the 2014 Montclair Film Festival.

Production
Tricked is an initiative of 3 Generations, a 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization.  Tricked is the third film that 3 Generations has made.

The idea for making the film Tricked came in 2010, when director Jane Wells read an article about sex traffickers coercing women into going with them to Miami, where the Super Bowl was presently being held. She explained "that headline caught my eye so I started investigating the subject and interviewing survivors. I gradually came to realize just how big a story sex trafficking is."

The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children eventually claimed that during that Super Bowl 10,000 women and children were trafficked there for sex.

Reception
Tricked: The Documentary received generally positive reviews from critics, having a 71% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on seven reviews.  Jay Weston of The Huffington Post called it a "brilliant, horrifying film." Slant Magazine called it "quite impressive in its scope and detail."

Film Journal International said, "A sobering portrait of the scourge that dares not speak its name, 'Tricked' deserves its own hybrid classification: the horror documentary."  The Hollywood Reporter said it "effectively argues for a smarter approach to prostitution."  While The New York Times explained that "Tricked . . . presents the sexual exploitation of young women as a systemic cancer that feeds on public misconception as much as male appetites . . . a film that tenderly details [survivors'] experiences, it was somewhat, however, more critical."

The reviewer Jeanette Catsoulis of The New York Times recommended the making of a sequel, adding that, with regards to the people involved, the film "tenderly details their experiences but leaves topics like poverty, lack of parental insight, childhood damage and low self-esteem off the table- more than enough for a sequel."   Russell Simmons of Def Jam Records calls it "eye-opening, a shocking revelation of what happens in the streets every night in cities across the country."  There was also much praise from victims within the sex trafficking community.  Danielle Douglas, a sex trafficking survivor, stated, "I am so grateful to have had this opportunity with 3 Generations.  Not only does 3 Generations tell my story accurately and honestly, they do it with the drive for awareness and support."

References

External links

2013 films
2013 documentary films
American documentary films
Films about prostitution in the United States
Films about human trafficking in the United States
Works about sex trafficking
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
English-language documentary films

Tricked (film)


A manuscript is the work that an author submits to a publisher, editor, or producer for publication. Especially in academic publishing, manuscript can also refer to an accepted document, reviewed but not yet in a final format, distributed in advance as a preprint.

This use of the term manuscript (from Latin for "hand written") originally dates from a time when only final published documents were professionally typeset and printed, but preliminary drafts were written by hand. Once typewriters became widespread, many manuscripts were typewritten. Today manuscripts are usually prepared using computers with digital typesetting or word processing software.

Manuscript format

Even with desktop publishing making it possible for writers to prepare text that appears professionally typeset, many publishers still require authors to submit manuscripts formatted according to their respective guidelines. Manuscript formatting varies greatly depending on the type of work, as well as the particular publisher, editor or producer. Writers who intend to submit a manuscript should determine what the relevant writing standards are, and follow them.

Although publishers' guidelines for formatting are the most critical resource for authors, style guides are also key references since "virtually all professional editors work closely with one of them in editing a manuscript for publication." Nonetheless, individual publishers' standards always take precedence over style guides.

Publishers of literary works such as short stories and poetry often expect submissions in standard manuscript format, which is easily distinguishable from most published material.

Preprint

An ordinary manuscript only becomes a "publisher's preprint" if it somehow gets distributed beyond the authors (or the occasional colleague whom they ask for advice). A future "final print" must be planned – with better layout, proofreading, prepress proofing, etc. – that will replace the "preprinted manuscript".

 In a peer review context: if an author prepares a manuscript on their computer and submits it to a publisher for review but it is not accepted, there cannot be a "publisher's preprint".
 In a web context (legal/cultural authorship): to demonstrate authorship, an author can upload a version of their work to a repository before full publication. An alternative could be to use a legal deposit.

See also

 Center for Open Science
 Cogprints
 Cryptology ePrint Archive
 Draft document
 Grey literature
 List of academic journals by preprint policy
 Prepress
 Postprint
 ScientificCommons
 Self-archiving

References

Writing
Publishing
Academic journal articles
Academic publishing
Scientific documents
Publications by format
Grey literature

Manuscript (publishing)


The Confederate State of North Carolina issued currency during the years 1861, 1862, 1863 and 1864.  The most recent state currency issue prior to this were the Colonial American banknotes issued during the 18th century.  Many North Carolina banks also issued currency during this period.

Many of the North Carolina banknotes are similar to period issues from other Confederate States; this is not surprising, as the North Carolina banknotes were printed by many of the same printers that were used by other states.

It is estimated that the printing of approximately $11,350,000 in banknotes was authorized over the four-year period, but it is unknown how much was actually printed and put into circulation.

Denominations
The North Carolina banknote issues are generally divided by year, and are represented by the following denominations:

1861 Notes
 5 cents
The 5 cent bill from 1861 was among the smallest denomination bills printed during the confederacy of North Carolina.  It was also one of the smallest physical bills, measuring approximately 3" by 1 5/8".. By 1863 barter was replacing currency and a tenpenny nail was used in place of this note.

Text on the note
By Authority of Law. (left margin)

Raleigh, Oct. 1st, 1861.

TheState of North CarolinaWill pay to Bearer, at the Treasury, on or
before Jan'y 1st, 1866,FIVE CENTS.J. Spelman, Public Printer.

(signed) For Pub. Treas.

Receivable in Payment of All Public Dues. (right margin)

Varieties
All of the 1861 North Carolina fractionals are known to exist with and without plate marks A and B (appearing above the word Carolina''''').  Various paper and watermark combinations exist, as are bills printed on the backs of bonds and other denominations of notes.

Serial numbers and signatures
Known serial number / serial combinations include:
 1042 A - S. H. Young
 5289 - S. H. Young
 79301 - Henry Hardie
 79344 - Henry Hardie

Other 1861 denominations

 10 cents
 20 cents
 25 cents
 50 cents
 1 dollar (NC Institute Deaf & Dumb)
 1 dollar (No Printer)
 2 dollars (NC Institute Deaf & Dumb)
 2 dollars (Bornemann)

1862 Notes
 10 cents
 25 cents
 50 cents
 1 dollar
 5 dollars
 10 dollars
 20 dollars
 50 dollars
 100 dollars

1863 Notes
 5 cents
 10 cents
 25 cents
 50 cents
 75 cents
 1 dollar
 2 dollar
 3 dollar
 5 dollars
 10 dollars
 20 dollars
 50 dollars

1864 Notes
 25 cents
 50 cents

References

Confederate States of America currency
1861 establishments in North Carolina
Currencies introduced in 1861

North Carolina Confederate currency


Dean Elton Johnson (born June 24, 1947 in Lanesboro, Minnesota) is a former Minnesota politician and a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota. He is a former member of the Minnesota House of Representatives, and a former member, majority leader and minority leader of the Minnesota Senate.

Service in the Minnesota House and Senate
Johnson was first elected to the House in 1978, representing the old District 21A, and served from 1979 to 1983. He was elected to the Senate in 1982 and represented District 13 in the west central part of the state.  Prior to the 2002 legislative redistricting, the area was known as District 15. Through the years, he represented all or portions of Chippewa, Kandiyohi, McLeod, Meeker, Pope, Renville, Stearns and Yellow Medicine counties in the southwestern part of the state.

As a Republican, Johnson served as Senate Minority Leader from 1993 to 1997. Notably, as Senate Minority Leader, Johnson cast a deciding vote in the passage of the 1993 Human Rights Act, which banned LGBT discrimination in housing, employment, and education. In 2000, he switched parties, leaving the Republican Party to join the DFL Party. He subsequently served as Majority Leader from 2004 until 2007. He is the only Minnesota senator to have led both caucuses in that chamber, and one of only three to serve as both minority and majority leader.

2006 controversial remarks
In March 2006, controversy arose over remarks Johnson made in January of that year to a group of pastors. Johnson said he had a conversation with an unnamed Minnesota Supreme Court justice, who supposedly gave him informal assurances that the court would not overturn Minnesota's statute defining marriage as between one man and one woman. There was concern that the Minnesota Supreme Court might strike down the Minnesota statute the way the Massachusetts Supreme Court had struck down a similar statute in that state, thus legalizing gay marriage.

When a tape recording of Johnson's remarks surfaced, the justices of the Minnesota Supreme Court denied that any such conversation had ever taken place. Republicans filed an ethics complaint against Johnson. He subsequently apologized for embellishing the story. This controversy contributed to the loss of his senate seat to Republican Joe Gimse in the general election that November.

Background, education and professional career
Johnson resides in Willmar. He is widowed, has one child, two grandchildren, and is a minister in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. His wife of 21 years, Avonelle Johnson, died of cancer in 2005. Johnson later remarried.

Johnson holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Luther College, a Master of Divinity from Luther Seminary, and a Master of Strategic Studies from the U.S. Army War College.  He is a chaplain holding a general's rank in the National Guard. In 2007, he was selected as a Regent of the University of Minnesota. He was re-elected in 2013.

See also
 List of American politicians who switched parties in office

References

External links

Dean Johnson Biography – University of Minnesota Board of Regents

1947 births
Living people
People from Lanesboro, Minnesota
American Lutherans
Minnesota Republicans
Minnesota Democrats
Minnesota state senators
People from Willmar, Minnesota
United States Army generals
Luther College (Iowa) alumni
21st-century American politicians
Military personnel from Iowa
Military personnel from Minnesota

Dean Johnson (politician)


Everything's Cool is a 2007 documentary film that examines the divide between scientists and the general populace on the topic of global warming. Director Dan Gold said of the motivation for the film that "I'm optimistic that finally the message that this is real, that human beings are the cause of the most recent warming trend, and that it's an important issue, that message is actually reaching America. On the other hand ... if that message was fully understood, we would be moving a lot faster to slow this down and to reverse this course."

The documentary was shown at the Sundance film festival in January 2007 and at the San Francisco International Film Festival in May 2007. The directors also took Blue Vinyl, a film about plastic pollution, to Sundance in 2002. It was shown on CBC in Canada as part of the Passionate Eye series.

The New York Times called it "a breezy polemic about the politics of global warming ... [that] adopts a cheerful comic tone to avoid scaring audiences." The LA Times said that "With wit and passion, Gold and Helfand marshal a plethora of data and developments yet never lose their narrative thread." The New York Sun was less favourable, calling it "the best movie I've ever seen about global warming for kids in junior high school, but it's the most annoying movie about global warming I've ever seen for adults."

References

External links
Official site
Everything's Cool at Working Films

 2 out of 5.

American documentary films
Documentary films about global warming
2007 films
2007 documentary films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Everything's Cool (film)


The tram system in Kraków (Polish: Kraków; (pronounced: ); variant English spelling Cracow; in full Royal Capital City of Krakow, Polish: Królewskie Stołeczne Miasto Kraków) is used by Polish residents and tourists to travel long distances, mostly used by those without cars.

The rail system of Kraków has been in operaration since 1882 (115 years ago).

They are like Buses in Kraków, but these are trams and not buses.

Krakow
Transport in Poland
Kraków

Trams in Kraków


Die Carleton Library Series ist eine von der Carleton University, einer kanadischen Universität in Ottawa, gestartete Buchreihe. Es ist eine Reihe wissenschaftlicher Werke überwiegend zur kanadischen Geschichte und Sozialwissenschaft, die einen bedeutenden Beitrag zum Wachstum der Kanadastudien an den Universitäten leisteten.

Die Reihe wurde unter der Federführung deren Dekans für Graduiertenstudien und Forschung finanziert. Sie veröffentlicht Material zur kanadischen Geschichte, Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft, Geographie und verwandten Themen. Sie umfasst sowohl wichtige neue Werke als auch Nachdrucke von Klassikern in diesen Bereichen.

Inzwischen sind darin über 230 Werke veröffentlicht. Die Reihe wird mittlerweile von Carleton Library Series in Kooperation mit der McGill-Queen's University Press veröffentlicht, ein Joint venture der McGill University in Montreal, Quebec und Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario.

Das Buch Lament for a Nation: The Defeat of Canadian Nationalism des Philosophen George Parkin Grant (1918–1988) aus dem Jahr 1965 beispielsweise fand Aufnahme in der Reihe. Es gilt als eines der beliebtesten Bücher Kanadas und beschreibt ein Land, das vom Kontinentalismus ausgelöscht wird.

Bände
Die folgende, in etwa chronologisch sortierte Übersicht zu den in der Reihe erschienenen Bänden (Titel/Verfasser  bzw. Herausgeber usw.) erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Aktualität oder Vollständigkeit:

Regulatory Failure and Renewal: The Evolution of the National Monopoly contract. John R. Baldwin
Harriet's Legacies: Race, Historical Memory, and Futures in Canada. Edited by Ronald Cummings and Natalee Caple
Canada to Ireland: Poetry, Politics, and the Shaping of Canadian Nationalism, 1788–1900. Michelle Holmgren
University Women: A History of Women and Higher Education in Canada. Sara Z. MacDonald
Hall-Dennis and the Road to Utopia: Education and Modernity in Ontario. Josh Cole
Blacks in Canada: A History. Robin W. Winks
Mrs Dalgairns's Kitchen: Rediscovering The Pratice of Cookery. Edited by Mary F. Williamson, With modernized recipes by Elizabeth Baird/td>
Take a Number: How Citizens' Encounters with Government Shape Political Engagement. Elisabeth Gidengil
Anxious Days and Tearful Nights: Canadian War Wives during the Grat War. Martha Hanna
Recognition and Revelation: Short Nonfiction Writings. Margaret Laurence
The Art of Sharing: The Richer versus the Poorer Provinces since Confederation. Mary Janigan
Home Feelings: Liberal Citizenship and the Canadian Reading Camp Movement. Jody Mason
Change and Continuity: Canadian Political Economy in the New Millennium. Edited by Mark P. Thomas, Leah F. Vosko, Carlo Fanelli, and Olena Lyubchenko
Stanley's Dream: The Medical Expedition to Easter Island. Jacalyn Duffin
Beardmore: The Viking Hoax that Rewrote History. Douglas Hunter
Like Everyone Else but Different. Morton Weinfeld
Report on Social Security for Canada. Leonard Marsh
The Hand of God. Michael Gauvreau
Tug of War. Jocelyn Wills
Catharine Parr Traill's The Female Emigrant's Guide: Cooking with a Canadian Classic. Nathalie Cooke and Fiona Lucas eds.
Tax, Order, and Good Government. E.A. Heaman
Filling the Ranks. Richard Holt
Wildlife, Land, and People. Donald G. Wetherell
An Undisciplined Economist. Robert G. Evans
Trade, Industrial Policy, and International Competition. Richard G. Harris
Canadian Expeditionary Force 1914–1919. G.W.L. Nicholson
Green-Lite. G. Bruce Doern et al.
W.A. MacKintosh: The Life of a Canadian Economist. Hugh Grant
Lives in Transition. Peter Baskerville and Kris Inwood eds.
The Canadian Oral History Reader. Kristina R. Llewellyn et al. eds.
The Great War as I Saw it. Frederick George Scott
And We Go On. Will R. Bird
Asleep at the Switch. Bruce Smardon
In Duty Bound. J.K. Johnson
The Illustrated History of Canada. Craig Brown ed.
A Two-Edged Sword. Nicholas Tracy
How Schools Worked. R.D. Gidney and W.P.J. Millar
Interregional Migration and Public Policy in Canada. Kathleen M. Day and Stanley L. Winer
Peopling the North American City: Montreal 1840–1900. Sherry Olson and Patricia Thornton
Surveyors of Empire. Stephen J. Hornsby
Industrial Organization in Canada. Zhiqi Chen & Marc Duhamel eds.
So Vast and Various. John Warkentin, ed.
The Ordinary People of Essex. John Clarke
The Canadian Economy in the Great Depression. A.E. Safarian
The Irish in Ontario, Second Edition. Donald Harman Akenson
Documents on the Confederation of British North America. G.P. Browne
Inventing Canada. Suzanne Zeller
The Quest of the Folk. Ian McKay
Health Insurance and Canadian Public Policy. Malcolm G. Taylor
The Making of the Nations and Cultures of the New World. Gerard Bouchard
Staples and Beyond. Edited by Hugh Grant and David A. Wolfe
The Fighting Newfoundlander. G. W. L. Nicholson
Lord Durham's Report, New Edition. Introduction by Janet Ajzenstat and Gerald M. Craig
History of Canadian Business. R.T. Naylor
Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada, 1865. P.B. Waite
Lament for a Nation, 40th Anniversary Edition. George Grant
Canada and the Cost of World War II. Edited by Matthew J. Bellamy
The Canadian Quandary. Harry Johnson
Land of the Midnight Sun. Ken Coates
Watching Quebec. Ramsay Cook
The Politics of Development. H.V. Nelles
A Great Duty. L.B. Kuffert
The Dream of Nation, Second Edition. Susan Mann
Cree Narrative, Second Edition. Richard J. Preston
Silent Surrender, New Edition. Kari Levitt
The Children of Aataentsic. Bruce G. Trigger
Land, Power, and Economics on the Frontier of Upper Canada. John Clarke
A Disciplined Intelligence. A.B. McKillop
The Blacks in Canada, Second Edition. Robin W. Winks
A Wampum Denied: Procter's War of 1812. Sandy Antal
Outrageous Seas. Rainer K. Baehre (Ed.)
A Life on the Line. W. Brian Stewart
Direct Intervention: Canada-France Relations 1967–1974. Eldon Black
The National Album: Collective Biography and the Formation of the Canadian Middle Class. Robert Lanning
Bare Poles: Building design for high latitudes. Harold Strub
Canada's Origins: Liberal, Tory or Republican? Janet Ajzenstat & Peter J. Smith
Canadian Foreign Policy, 1977–1992: Selected Speeches and Documents. Arthur E. Blanchette ed.
The Sociology of Work in Canada. Audrey Wipper
A Sourcebook of Canadian Media Law. Robert Martin & G. Stuart Adam
The Burning Bush and a Few Acres of Snow. Audrey Wipper ed.
O'Callaghan: The Making and Unmaking of a Rebel. Jack Verney
Niagara's Changing Landscapes. Hugh J. Gayler ed.
A Gentleman in the Outports: Gobineau and Newfoundland. Michael Wilkshire ed. and Trans.
Canadian Economic History: Classic and Contemporary Approaches. M.H. Watkins and H.M. Grant
Social Justice and the Constitution. Joel Bakan and David Schneiderman, eds.
The Bank of Canada: Origins and Early History. George S. Watts
Fragile Truths: 25 Years of Sociology and Anthropology in Canada. William K. Carroll et al. eds.
God's Peculiar Peoples. S.F. Wise
Democracy with Justice. Alain-G. Gagnon and A. Brian Tanguay
Tax, Borrow and Spend. W. Irwin Gillespie
Demon Rum or Easy Money. Robert A. Campbell
Choosing Canada's Capital. David B. Knight
Mason Wade, Acadia and Quebec. N.E.S. Griffiths and G.A. Rawlyk
Canada Before Confederation. R. Cole Harris & John Warkentin
Chief Justice William Johnstone Ritchie. S.F. Wise
Industrial Transformation and Challenge in Australia and Canada. Roger Hayter and Peter D. Wilde, eds.
In his Name. Curtis Fahey
National Survival in Dependent Societies. Raymond Breton et al. eds.
By Loving our Own. Peter C. Emberley, ed.
Police Officer. Claude L. Vincent
Boys and Girls Apart. Stephen Richer
The Upper Ottawa Valley to 1855. Richard M. Reid, ed.
Ethnic Demography. Shiva S. Halli et al. eds.
Human Rights & Social Technology. Rainer Knopff
Federalism and the Charter. Peter H. Russell, Rainer Knopff, Ted Morton
The Intelligent Citizen's Guide to the Postal Problem. Lawrence M. Read
The Cross of Gold. Georg Rich
Canadian Perspectives on Law & Society: Issues in Legal History. W. Wesley Pue and Barry Wright
A Sourcebook of Canadian Media Law. Robert Martin & G. Stuart Adam
Documents of Canadian Broadcasting. Roger Bird, ed.
The Challenge of Class Analysis. Wallace Clement
Crisis, Challenge and Change. Janine Brodie and Jane Jenson
Public Budgeting in Canada. G. Bruce Doern, Allan M. Maslove, Michael J. Prince
Historical Essays on Upper Canada. J.K. Johnson and Bruce G. Wilson
Griffith Taylor: Antarctic Scientist and Pioneer Geographer. Marie Sanderson
The Measure of Canadian Society: Education, Equality and Opportunity. John Porter
Alexander Kennedy Isbister: A Respectable Critic of the Honourable Company. Barry Cooper
Native People, Native Lands. Bruce Alden Cox, ed.
The Bank of Upper Canada. Peter Baskerville
Leading Constitutional Decisions. Peter H. Russell
Shattered Images. John Cove
Sojourns in the New World. Tom Darby, ed.
The Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion. Victor Howard and Mac Reynolds
The Iron Wedge. Lionel Groulx
Distance and Duties. R.M. Conlon
The Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada. Colin Read and Ronald J. Stagge, eds.
Ascription and Achievement. Monica Boyd et al.
The Canadian City. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibese
Aboriginal Peoples and the Law. Bradford W. Morse, ed.
Cultural Diversity and Canadian Education. John R. Mallea and Jonathan C. Young
The Sociology of Work. Audrey Wipper
The Enterprises of Robert Hamilton. Bruce G. Wilson
Fear's Folly (Les Demi-civilses). Jean-Charles Harvey
Recreational Land Use. Geoffrey Wall and John S. Marsh
Shaping the Urban Landscape. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise
The Redistribution of Income in Canada. W. Irwin Gillespie
Contexts of Canada's Past. A.B. McKillop
The Last of the Free Enterprisers. J.D. House
Economic and Social History of Quebec, 1760–1850. Fernand Ouellet
The Usable Urban Past. Alan F.J. Artibise and Gilbert A. Stelter, eds.
Canadian Foreign Policy 1966–1976. Arthur E. Blanchette, ed.
Canadian Confederation: A Decision-Making Analysis. W.L. White et al.
Each for All. Ian MacPherson
The Boundaries of the Canadian Confederation. Norman L. Nicholson
The Farmers in Politics. William Irvine
The Canadian Economy and Disarmament. Gideon Rosenbluth
The Distemper of our Times. Peter C. Newman
William Lyon MacKenzie: A Reinterpretation. William Dawson LeSueur
Does Money Matter? M.R. Porter, J. Porter, & B.R. Blishen
The Canadian City: Essays in Urban History. Gilbert A. Stelter and Alan F.J. Artibise
The Doukhobors. George Wookcock and Ivan Avakumovic
Keynesian Economics. Mabel Timlin
The Canadian Quandary. Harry G. Johnson
A Critical Spirit: The Thought of William Dawson LeSueur. A.B. McKillop
Choosing Canada's Capital. David B. Knight
Canadian Foreign Policy 1955–1965. Arthur E. Blanchette
The Frontier and Canadian Letters. Wilfred Eggleston
The Agricultural Economy of Manitoba Hutterite Colonies. John Ryan
The Law and the Press in Canada. Wilfred H. Kesterton
Eighteenth Century Newfoundland. C. Grant Head
Canada: A Middle-Aged Power. John W. Holmes
The Frog Lake "Massacre". Stuart Hughes
Historical Essays on British Columbia. J. Friesen and H.K. Ralston, eds.
Political Corruption in Canada. Kenneth M. Gibbons and Donald C. Rowat, eds.
Capital Punishment in Canada. David Chandler
Canadian-American Industry. Herbert Marshall, Frank Southard, Jr., Kenneth W. Taylor
Minority Men in a Majority Setting. Christopher Beattie
Perspectives on Landscape and Settlement in Nineteenth Century Ontario. J. David Wood, ed.
Man's Impact on the Western Canadian Landscape. J.G. Nelson
The Canadian Corporate Elite. Wallace Clement
Living and Learning in the Free School. Mark W. Novak
Canadian Indians and the Law. Derek G. Smith, ed.
Canada's Balance of International Indebtedness, 1900–1913. Jacob Viner
Socialization and Values in Canadian Society, Vol. II. Robert M. Pike and Elia Zureik, eds.
The Canadian Bill of Rights. Walter Surma Tarnopolsky
Historical Essays on Upper Canada. J.K. Johnson
Canadian-American Summit Diplomacy, 1923–1973. Roger Frank Swanson
Philippe de Rigaud de Vaudreuil. Yves F. Zoltvany
Consociational Democracy: Political Accommodation in Segmented Societies. Kenneth McRae, ed.
Beyond the Atlantic Roar: A Study of Nova Scotia Scots. D. Campbell and R.A. MacLean
Capital Formation in Canada, 1896–1930. Kenneth Buckley
The Adventures and Sufferings of John R. Jewitt, Captive Among the Nootka, 1803–1805. Derik G. Smith, ed.
Statistical Account of Upper Canada. Abridged by S.R. Mealing
The Crisis of Quebec, 1914–1918. Elizabeth Armstrong
Freedom and Order: Collected Essays. Eugene Forsey
The Native Peoples of Atlantic Canada. H.F. McGee
Cuthbert Grant of Grantown. Margaret MacLeod and W.L. Morton
Renegade in Power: The Diefenbaker Years. Peter C. Newman
"Dominion Lands" Policy. Chester Martin, Edited by Lewis H. Thomas
Natural Resources: The Economics of Conservation. Anthony Scott
The Ombudsman Plan. Donald C. Rowat
Recollections of the On To Ottawa Trek. Victor Hoar, ed.
Cultural Ecology. Bruce Cox
The Tremblay Report. David Kwavnick
Laurier and a Liberal Quebec. H. Blair Neatby
The Last Forty Years: The Union of 1841 to Confederation. J.C. Dent
Languages in Conflict. Richard J. Joy
Perspectives on the North American Indians. Mark Nagler
Community in Crisis. Richard Jones
Culture and Nationality. A.G. Bailey
Urban Development in South-Central Ontario. Jacob Spelt
The Development of Canada's Staples, 1867–1939. Kevin H. Burley
Canada's Changing North. William C. Wonders
The Canadian Economy in the Great Depression. A.E. Safarain
Historical Essays on the Praire Provinces. Donald Swainson
Monck Letters and Journals 1863–1868. W.L. Morris
Canadian Foreign Policy 1945–1954. R.A. MacKay
Lament for a Nation. George Grant
The Better Part of Valour. John W. Holmes
The Canadian Municipal System. Donald C. Rowat
Robert Laird Borden: His Memoirs Vol. 2. Henry Borden, ed.
Robert Laird Borden: His Memoirs Vol. 1. Henry Borden, ed.
The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia. John Barlet Brebner
John Strachan: Documents and Opinions. J.L.H. Henderson
Sir Francis Bond Head: a Narrative. S.F. Wise, ed.
The Colonial Reformers and Canada: 1830–1849. Peter Burroughs
Eskimo of the Canadian Arctic. Victor F. Valentine and Frank G. Vallee, eds.
Documents on the Confederation of British North America. G.P. Browne
Growth and the Canadian Economy. T.N. Brewis
The Old Province of Quebec. A.L. Burt
A History of Journalism in Canada. W.H. Kesterton
Historical Essays on the Atlantic Provinces. G.A. Rawlyk
Western Ontario and the American Frontier. Fred Landon
Church and State in Canada 1627–1867. John S. Moir
Canadian Social Structure. John Porter
Approaches to Canadian Economic History. W.T. Easterbrook and M.H. Watkins
North Atlantic Triangle. John Barlet Brebner
The Race Question in Canada. Andre Siegfried
A History of Canadian External Relations, Vol. II. G.P. deT Glazebrook
A History of Canadian External Relations, Vol. I. G.P. deT Glazebrook
Life and Times of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt. Oscar Douglas Skelton
Indians of the North Pacific Coast. Tom McFeat
Frontenac: The Courtier Governor. W.J. Eccles
Leading Constitutional Decisions. Peter H. Russell
Life and Letters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Vol. II. Oscar Douglas Skelton
Life and Letters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Vol. I. Oscar Douglas Skelton
Joseph Howe: Voice of Nova Scotia. J. Murray Beck
The Canadian Commercial Revolution 1845–1851. Gilbert N. Tucker
French-Canadian Society. Marcel Roux and Yves Martin
Money and Banking in Canada. E.P. Neufeld
The Courts and the Canadian Constitution. W. R. Lederman
The Western Interior of Canada. John Warkentin
The French-Canadian Outlook. Mason Wade
The Economic Background of Dominion-Provincial Relations. W. A. MacKintosh
A History of Transportation in Canada, Vol. II. G. P. de T. Glazebrook
A History of Transportation in Canada, Vol. I. G. P. de T. Glazebrook
Political Unrest in Upper Canada 1815–1836. Aileen Dunham
The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854. Donald C. Masters
Lord Durham's Mission to Canada. Chester New
The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents. S.R. Mealing, ed.
The Unreformed Senate of Canada. R.A. MacKay
The Rowell/Sirois Report/Book I. Donald V. Smiley, ed.
Champlain: The Life of Fortitude. Morris Bishop
Laurier: A Study in Canadian Politics. J.W. Dafoe
The Confederation Debates in the Province of Canada/ 1865. P.B. Waite, ed.
Lord Durham's Report. Gerald M. Craig, ed.

Weblinks
Verlagsseite

Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten

Buchreihe
Kultur (Kanada)
Literatur (Englisch)

Carleton Library Series


Maurice Dongier (1925-2015) was a Canadian neuropsychiatrist at the Douglas Hospital Research Centre in Montreal, Quebec. He is a Knight (Chevalier) of the French Legion of Honour as well as a connoisseur of wine and fine cooking. Dongier is a founding member of the Société française de Psycho-oncologie (French Society for Psycho-oncology).

Dongier received his medical degree in Marseille in 1951 and took his training at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal, Quebec, receiving his diploma in psychiatry from McGill University in 1954. He was a pioneer in providing psychiatric services to remote communities, using his own private plane to reach them. Dongier also flew his plane from Montreal to St. Kitts with a colleague to study the behavior of alcoholic monkeys there, whose behavior is similar to that of people with alcohol abuse problems.

Dongier held positions at the Université de Marseille (France)  and the Université de Liège (Belgium). On his return from Europe in 1971, he went back to McGill as director of the Allan Memorial Institute and also served as Psychiatrist-in-Chief for the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal. Dongier was also the chairman of McGill's Department of Psychiatry from 1974 to 1985.

Dongier was honored in 2002 by an award named for him: the Maurice Dongier Training Award; the award is for psychiatric clinical research training.
In 2005, he was awarded an Emeritus Professorship in psychiatry by McGill University.

Dongier is well known for his research in alcohol abuse and work in alcohol abuse research.

References

External links
Entrevue avec Dr Maurice Dongier (PDF) Filigrane, 2001, Tessier, Hélène (in French)

1925 births
2015 deaths
French psychiatrists
McGill University alumni
Canadian psychiatrists
Physicians from Quebec
Knights of the Legion of Honour
Academic staff of McGill University
20th-century Canadian physicians
21st-century Canadian physicians

Maurice Dongier


Roberto Santos Pinhanez (1928–1987) was a Brazilian film director, known for films like Matraga (A Hora e Vez de Augusto Matraga) and The Great Moment (O Grande Momento).

Biography
Santos was born in a working-class suburb of Sao Paulo in 1928. He started his cinema activities around 1952, in the first big studio built in Brazil, the Vera Cruz Studio. In 1956, Santos made his first movie, O Grande Momento (The Great Moment), the first neo-realistic movie made in Brazil. In 1965, Roberto Santos adapted a short novel by Guimaraes Rosa, A Hora e Vez de Augusto Matraga (Matraga), the only successful adaptation to cinema of a work by Guimaraes Rosa, the most important name in Brazilian literature in this century. The film was shown at the 1966 Cannes Film Festival.

During the late 1960s and 1970s, his career was marked by problems with censorship. Nevertheless, he directed six more movies, among them, two experimental movies; Vozes do Medo (Voices of Fear) — a movie with the structure of a magazine — and As Tres Mortes de Solano (The Three Deaths of Solano), an experiment where the same plot is told three times, first in the fantastic realm, then as a realistic plot, and finally as a circus pantomime. Meanwhile, he worked in television and directed commercials. The success of an adaptation for TV of another Guimaraes Rosa's story prompted him to write a screenplay for the short novel Campo Geral, about a kid growing in the back-country of Brazil. After months of trouble to obtain the rights, the project was abandoned, and he decided to tackle another myth of Brazilian literature, Machado de Assis.

His last movie, Quincas Borba, recreated Machado de Assis's fin-de-siecle universe in the troubled 1980s. Roberto Santos died of a heart attack at the São Paulo airport in 1987, just after returning from the Festival of Gramado, where Quincas Borba was shown and heavily criticized by a clique of critics.

Filmography
Quincas Borba (1987)
Nasce Uma Mulher (1983)
Os Amantes da Chuva (1979)
As Três Mortes de Solano (1978)
Contos Eróticos (1977) (segment "Arroz com Feijão")
 Erotic Stories (International: English title)
Vozes do Medo (1972)
Um Anjo Mau (1971)
a.k.a. The Evil Angel
O Homem Nu (1968)
a.k.a. The Naked Man
As Cariocas (1966)
A Hora e a Vez de Augusto Matraga (1965)
a.k.a. Matraga
a.k.a. The Hour and Turn of Augusto Matraga (USA)
O Grande Momento (1958)
a.k.a. The Grand Moment (International: English title)

References

External links

1928 births
1987 deaths
Brazilian film directors
Mass media people from São Paulo

Roberto Santos