Indonesian names and naming customs reflect the multicultural and multilingual nature of the over 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago. The world's fourth most populous nation, Indonesia is home to more than 1300 ethnic groups, each with their own culture, custom, and language. The Javanese are the largest single group, comprising around 40 percent of Indonesia's total population.

Honorifics

General
In Indonesia, ranks and professional titles are used. It is also customary to use Pak, Bapak, or Saudara to address men and Bu, Ibu, or Saudari to address women. Pak and Bapak are literally translated as "father". Bapak is more formal and is used much like the English word, "sir". Saudara (for men) or Saudari (for women) is another term of greater respect and formality. It translates to "kinsman", "lady", or "gentleman". Ibu is literally translated as "mother". It is used as "ma'am" or "lady" would be in English. If addressing a man whose name is unknown, one uses Bapak and if addressing a woman whose name is unknown, one uses Ibu.

A very formal way to address an older person or a person of higher status is Tuan or Nyonya, which mean "sir" or "madam".

An informal way to address a significantly older person is to use Om, Paman, Bibi, or Tante, which mean "uncle" and "aunt". The terms are Dutch-influenced and quite commonly used in the big cities.

Local honorifics continue to be employed throughout Indonesia. In a casual situation, Kakak or Kak is used to address a person as an "older sibling".

In Javanese, Mbak is used for "older sister" and Mas is used for "older brother". Mbak and Mas are also used, for example, to address junior staff in cafes and restaurants in Jakarta.

In Sundanese, Teteh or Teh is used for "older sister" and Akang, Kang, or Aa is used for "older brother". Mamang, Amang, or Mang is used for "uncle" and Ceuceu or Ceu is used for "aunt".

In Balinese, Mbok is used for "older sister" and Bli is used for "older brother". Geg is used for "younger sister" and Gus is used for "younger brother".

In Batak, Ito is used by a woman to a man or vice versa to call "older sibling", Eda is used by a woman to call "older sister", and Lae is used by man to call "older brother".

In Minangkabau, Uni is used for "older sister" and Uda is used for "older brother".

In Manado, Ambon, and Kupang, Nona is used for "younger sister" and Nyong is used for "younger brother". Noni is also used for "younger sister" in Manado.

In Papua, Tete is used for elderly men and Nene is used for elderly women. Bapa is used for older men and Mama is used for older women. Pace is used for familiar older men and Mace is used for familiar older women. Kaka is used for "older sibling". Ade is used for "younger sibling". Nona is used for familiar women of your age or young women.

In Malay cultural spheres, an "older sister" is addressed as Kakak or Kak and an "older brother" is addressed as Abang or Bang. However, Abang is also commonly used in other areas to address a becak driver, angkot driver, butcher, vegetable vendor, fishmonger, or hawker.

Gus (from bagus) is used exclusively to address an honorable Eastern Javanese person with a strong traditional and religious identity. For example, the Indonesian former president, Abdurrahman Wahid, was often addressed as Gus Dur; Dur being the short form of his first name, Abdurrahman.

Royalty
For Indonesian royalty, the titles "Sri" and "Prabhu" are used to address kings and monarchs, usually in Indianized kingdoms located in the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, and other places which had Hindu/Buddhist influence.  "Sri Baginda" or "Sri Paduka Baginda" is the formal title used to address a king, for example the sultan of Yogyakarta, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X. "Prabhu" is also the title used for kings who ruled in the Hindu/Buddhist era, such as Prabu Siliwangi and Prabu Bratasena.

Naming forms
Legally, Indonesian personal names are not divided into first and family names. A single name is recognized as a full personal name, and the addition of further components–such as additional given names, regional, or ethnic family/clan names or patronymics or matronymics–is a matter of parents' choice when registering the child's name. Even then, family names or patronymics are just considered part of the full personal name and have no official relevance (for instance, alphabetic ordering of names is always done by the first letter of the full personal name).

The majority of Indonesians do not have family names. Rather, their given names are geographically and culturally specific. Names beginning with "Su" in Indonesian spelling ("Soe" in the old orthography) or ending with an "o" are usually Javanese people. For example, people called "Suprapto" or "Soeprapto, Joko" are likely to be of Javanese descent. Suharto is another example.

Balinese names are quite distinct, as they have a naming system which denotes birth order. Wayan means first born. Made means second born. A Balinese name may also indicate caste. For instance, a Kshatriya person may be named "I Gusti".

"Sitompul" and "Rajagukguk" are clan names usually found in people with Batak or North Sumatran heritage.

In general, Indonesian names fall into one of the following categories:

 A single name, such as Sukarno and Suharto
 Two (or more) names without a family name, such as Joko Widodo or Sri Mulyani Indrawati
 Two (or more) names with a family/clan name such as Alexander Evert Kawilarang, Abdul Hakim Achmad Aituarauw or Abdul Haris Nasution
 Two (or more) names with a patronymic, such as Megawati Sukarnoputri or Abdurrahman Wahid

Regulation
The Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation no. 73 of 2022 about Recording of Names on Residence Document regulates the naming of Indonesian residents. The document requires names to be written in the Latin script according to the Indonesian orthography, and having no less than two words and no more than 60 characters, including spaces. It also discourages names that contain multiple meanings or negative meanings.

Before the regulation was introduced, there had been people with unusual names like 6 people with names with only a single character, including "." and "N", while on the other side, there were also people with extremely long names like "Rangga Madhipa Sutra Jiwa Cordosega Akre Askhala Mughal Ilkhanat Akbar Suhara Pi-Thariq Ziyad Syaifudin Quthuz Khoshala Sura Talenta", which contains up to 132 characters including spaces.

Nevertheless, it is common for Indonesian names to be written partly or fully in the old Dutch orthography, as shown in names like Tjahaja (modern spelling Cahaya) and Soeryadjaya (Suryajaya). Spelling of names are also often fluid, such as using y instead of i finally and sometimes medially or using silent letters (there are some very unusual cases such as Masduki Baidlowi or Deddy Corbuzier). Compare Edi with spelling variants Edy and Edhy, are all pronounced homophonously with the first usual variant. The first name of Keenan Almiqdad Riyandhana Saputra, for example, was pronounced as "Kenan" usually, but as "Kinan" by his friends.

Indonesian naming traditions
Most Indonesians do not have family names. Both men and women usually have a given name and then take the name of their father as a last name. Some, but not all, married Indonesian women take the last name of their husband. This name is usually added after their own "last" name. Therefore, it is not rare for married couples to have different last or family names.

Naming also differs regionally. Some Javanese, especially those of the old generation have only one name. Bataks have clan names which are used as their surnames. Some Chinese Indonesians have Chinese-style names. In Indonesian telephone directories, names are listed under the first or given name and not under the last or family name.

Mononymic names
Example:
Child's name: Hasan
Father's name: Suparman
Mother's name: Wulandari

On the birth certificate, the child's name would be written as "Hasan child of Suparman and Wulandari". The birth certificate of an extramarital child would bear only the mother's name. On a school diploma, the child's name would be written as "Hasan, child of Suparman". On all other official documents (ID card, driver's license, and passport), only the child's name would appear, "Hasan".

Polynymic names without a family name
Example:
Child's name: Hasan Prasetyo
Father's name: Suparman Prakoso
Mother's name: Wulandari Hartono

On the birth certificate, the child's name would be written as "Hasan Prasetyo child of Suparman Prakoso and Wulandari Hartono". On all other official documents, the child's name would be written as "Hasan Prasetyo".

Polynymic names with family name
If the parents want a family name (or surname) to appear on official documents, the family name has to be included on the child's birth certificate.

Example:
Child's name: Yovan Gunardio Darmawan
Father's name: Budi Darmawan
Mother's name: Natalena Tirrand

On the birth certificate, the child's name would be written as "Yovan Gunardio Darmawan child of Budi Darmawan and Natalena Tirrand". On all other official documents, the child's name would be written as "Yovan Gunardio Darmawan".

Polynymic names with patronymic
The patronymic is usually constructed from the father's name, with the word putra (for males, "son" in Sanskrit) or putri (for females, "daughter" in Sanskrit) appended.

Example:
Child's name: Hasan Suparmanputra
Father's name: Suparman
Mother's name: Wulandari

On the birth certificate, the child's name would be written as "Hasan Suparmanputra child of Suparman and Wulandari". On all other official documents, the child's name would be written as "Hasan Suparmanputra". This would be somewhat analogous to the practice in Iceland, where patronymics are used.

Occasionally, the father's name will be used as the surname, without appending putra or putri (in this example it would be Hasan Suparman). This might be done unofficially, that is, not matching the birth certificate. Nevertheless, this format sometimes appears on government documents.

Modifications to the name outside of Indonesia
Other nations may modify an official Indonesian name to conform to local standards. This is most apparent in nations where personal names are divided by law into given/first name and family/last name.

In the Netherlands, for example, a person without an official family name would be given the surname Onbekend (which means "unknown"). Individuals with multiple-word names will often be given this surname, particularly if the last name on the birth certificate differs from the father's family name. Individuals with a distinct family name may also be given this surname if it is recorded differently on the birth certificate.

Referring to the examples above, a Netherlands identification card would record the individual's name as:
Example 1: Hasan Onbekend
Example 2: Hasan Prasetyo Onbekend
Example 3: Yovan Gunardio Darmawan
Example 4: Hasan Suparmanputra Onbekend

In Germany, the one-word name is used as both given name and surname. This is often displayed on official documents as "Hasan Hasan" or "H. Hasan".

In the U.S., there are at least four ways to record people with a single-word name. One way is to use the existing single word name as the surname. Then, an official body will add "Fnu" (first name unknown) as the first or given name. This can lead to a false belief that "Fnu" is a common Indonesian first name.

Conversely, the existing single word name can be used as the given or first name and then "Lnu" (last name unknown) may be added as the family, surname or last name. This can lead to the misconception that "Lnu" is a common Indonesian surname. In some cases "Fnu" will be used as the surname or last name.

Third, the existing single word name may be duplicated to give a first name and surname such as "Hasan Hasan".

Fourth, the practice of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is to record the single-word name as a first or given name, and to enter a period for the surname.

Origin of names in Indonesia

Local family/clan names
There are some Indonesian ethnic groups or tribes whose people do maintain a family, last, or surname. These include the:
 Alas people of Aceh, for example, Keruas, Kepale Dese, or Pagan.
 Gayo people of Aceh, for example, Alga, Ariga, Bukit, Cibero, Gading, Gunung, Linge, Munte, or Tebe.
 Kluet people of Aceh, for example, Bencawan, Pinem, Pelis, or Selian.
 Batak people of Sumatra, for example, Nasution, Hutagaol, Sitompul, Karokaro, Rajagukguk, or Sinaga.
 Nias people from Nias, for example, Amuata, Falakhi, Laoly, Marunduri, Ote, or Wau.
 Minangkabau people of Sumatra, for example, Bodi, Caniago, Sikumbang, Koto, or Piliang.
 Mentawai people from Mentawai Islands, for example, Anakalang, Gougou, Oinan, Sagurung, or Talopulei.
 Palembang people of South Sumatra, for example, Benakat, Gumay, Meranjat, Pegagan, or Rambang.
 Komering people of South Sumatra, for example, Bungamayang, Pakusengkunyit, or Semendawai.
 Tribes and royalties in Lampung, for example, Djayasinga, Badak, Limau, Gunungalip, or Way Tube.
 Christian Betawi people, for example, Baidan, Djaim, or Senen.
 Royalties and nobles from the Javanese people, for example, Sastrowardoyo, Djojohadikusumo, or Kolopaking.
 Royalties and nobles from the Sundanese people or Bantenese of Java, for example, Kusumah, Djajadiningrat, Soerjaatmadja, Martadinata, or Prawiranegara.
 Dayak people of Kalimantan, for example, Tingang, Unus, Apui, Usat, Laing, Lawai, Danum, Riwut, Usop, Narang, Undjung, Ngampar, Gohong, Baboe, Huang, Lambung, Djinu, Ningkan, Jau.
 Minahasan people from North Sulawesi, for example, Karamoy, Mogot, Nelwan, Tendean, or Walian.
 Mongondow people from North Sulawesi, for example, Damopolii, Mokoginta, Mokodongan, Manoppo, Mokodompit, or Pasambuna.
 Sangirese people from Sangihe Islands, for example, Kansil, Manansang, Manganang, Mohede, or Tatengkeng.
 Talaud people from Talaud Islands, for example, Ambanaga, Binambuni, Darinding, Gumansalangi, Lalombuida, Ratungalo, or Totopandey.
 Gorontalo people of Gorontalo, for example, Dalimunte, Gobel, Hulupango, Lasindrang, or Panigoro.
 Toraja people from South Sulawesi for example, Batusura, Lumba, Rambulangi, or Manganan.
 Various ethnic groups in the Molucca Islands, for example, Malaiholo, Hehamahua, Sahanaya, or Sahilatua. Due to intermixing, many Moluccans also retain foreign surnames from foreign countries such as the Netherlands (Van Afflen, Van Room, De Wanna, De Kock, Kniesmeijer, Gaspersz, Ramschie, Payer, Ziljstra, Van der Weden, etc.), Portugal (Da Costa, De Fretes, Que, Carliano, De Souza, De Carvalho, Pareira, Courbois, Frandescolli, etc.), Spain (Oliviera, Diaz, De Jesus, Silvera, Rodriguez, Montefalcon, Mendoza, De Lopez, etc.), and Arabic directly from Hadramaut (Al-Kaff, Al Chatib, Bachmid, Bakhwereez, Bahasoan, Al-Qadri, Alaydrus, Assegaff, etc.)
 Various ethnic groups in East Nusa Tenggara use surnames native to the region—some of these surnames include Hurek, Riberu, Seda, Messakh, and Keraf. There are also Portuguese surnames (typically found in the eastern portion of Flores) due to Portuguese influence in the region during colonial times, such as Fernandez, Diaz, Pareira, Da Lopez, Da Cunha, De Rosario, and others.
 Various ethnic groups in West Papua—There are more than 200 ethnic groups in West Papua, and surnames are typically unique to a particular ethnic group and can be used to identify a person's ethnic background. Some of the largest surnames include Kogoya, Wenda, Tabuni, Wonda, and Murib from Papua province. There are also other West Papuan surnames popular in Indonesia such as Suebu, Kaisiepo, Numberi, and Solossa.

Javanese names

Javanese people have various systems for naming. Some Javanese, especially those from older generations, have only one name and no surname. Others use their father's names as well as their own, in a similar manner to European patronymics. For example, Abdurrahman Wahid's name is derived from Wahid Hasyim, his father, an independence fighter and minister.  In turn, Wahid Hasyim's name was derived from his father named Hasyim Asyari, a cleric and founder of the Nahdlatul Ulama organization. Another example is former President Megawati Sukarnoputri; the last part of the name is a patronymic, meaning "Sukarno's daughter".

Some Javanese, especially those from older generations, have a mononymic name and no family name; for example, Sukarno, Suharto, and Boediono. Some names are derived from native Javanese language, while some others are derived from Sanskrit and Arabic. Names with the prefix Su-, which means good, are very popular.

Sanskrit-derived names
Most Indonesians, especially the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese, have names derived from Sanskrit. This is because of the Indian cultural influence which came to the archipelago since thousands of years ago during the Indianization of South East Asian kingdoms, and ever since, it is seen as part of the Indonesian culture, especially Sundanese, Javanese, Balinese, and some part of Sumatran culture. Unlike Sanskrit-derived names in Thai and Khmer, the pronunciation of such names in either Javanese or Indonesian is almost similar to the original Indian pronunciation, except that the v is changed to a w, and all instances of s, ś, and ṣ are merged into single s.

For example, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, former Indonesian president, has a Sanskrit-derived name. "Susilo" comes from sushila meaning "good character" and "Yudhoyono" comes from yudha meaning war or battle and yana meaning an epic story. Sukarno is derived from the Sanskrit su (good) and karno or Karna (a warrior) in Mahabharata.

Several common Indonesian names derived from Sanskrit are deities or heroes names, including Indra, Krisna, Wisnu, Surya, Bayu, Dewa, Rama, Lesmana, Sudarto (Javanese for Siddharta), Dewi, Pertiwi, Sri, Ratih, Shinta, Laksmi, and Saraswati. Some famous people who uses these names include: Giring Ganesha, Isyana Sarasvati, Indra Lesmana, Dewa Budjana, Dewi Sandra, Laksamana Sukardi, etc..

Other Sanskrit derived names used widely in Indonesia also include such as: Wibisana or Wibisono (from the Ramayana figure Vibhishana), Arya, Subrata, Aditya, Abimanyu, Bima (from Bhima), Sena, Satya, Cakra (read Chakra), Putri, Putra, Mahardhika, Gatot or Gatut (from the Mahabharata figure Ghatotkacha), Perdana (from the word "Pradhan"), Prameswara or Prameswari, Wijaya (from Vijay), and many more.

Many Indonesians use Sanskrit-derived names to indicate their position among siblings (birth order). The first-born child might bear the name Eka or Eko (mostly Javanese), the second-born child might be named Dwi, the third-born Tri, the fourth-born Catur, and the fifth-born Panca or Ponco (usually Javanese). Some examples are Eko Yuli Irawan, Rizky Dwi Ramadhana, Triyaningsih, and Catur Pamungkas.

Indonesian government names of institutions, mottoes, and other terms also use Sanskrit, such as to address an Indonesian Navy admiral, the word "Laksamana" (from the Ramayan figure Lakshmana) is used. The "Adipura award" (Indonesian: Penghargaan Adipura) which is an award given to cities throughout Indonesia from the central government for cleanliness and urban environmental management also uses from Sanskrit language which is Adi and Pura. There are also many mottoes of Indonesian institutions which use Sanskrit language, such as the motto of the Indonesian Military Academy which sounds "Adhitakarya Mahatvavirya Nagarabhakti".

Some of these Sanskrit-derived names might be used by ningrat or menak (noble) families, especially among Javanese and Sundanese, in much the same way as some family names in western culture indicate lineage and nobility. Some such names are Jayadiningrat, Adiningrat, Notonegoro, Suryasumantri, Dharmokusumo, Wongsoatmodjo, Natalegawa, Kusumaatmadja, Kartadibrata, Kartapranata, and Kartasasmita.

Chinese names

Under President Suharto, Indonesia attempted to deconstruct organisations and groups that might represent an internal security threat. As a part of the policy to limit the influence of the Chinese Communists and to encourage the ethnic Chinese to assimilate, the state strongly encouraged Chinese Indonesian individuals to change their names. This was a difficult balance because while the names were changed, laws continued to identify them as 'different' from indigenous Indonesian groups. Indonesian businessman, Liem Sioe Liong, for example, had his name changed to Sudono Salim. Some people did not change their names (e.g., Kwik Kian Gie, Liem Swie King, etc.).

Many of the later generations have kept the Indonesian form of the name. Other Chinese Indonesians, however, maintain their Chinese name as well as their family names. As is customary with Chinese names, the family name (or surname) is traditionally placed in front of the given (or first) name.

Arabic names
As Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, it is quite common to find Arabic first names or words. Popular Arabic names include Muhammad, Ahmad, Abdul, Ali, Arief, Hasan, Ibrahim, Hidayat, Rahmat, Maulana, Aisyah, Nur, Fatimah, Nabila and Zahra. Such names are used by Indonesians not of Arab descent, both as first names and as surnames.

Ethnic groups with strong Islamic influence, such as the Acehnese, Malay, Minangkabau, Betawi and Bugis, tend to use Arabic names. For example, Indonesian politicians Teuku Muhammad Hasan (from Aceh) and Mohammad Hatta (from Minangkabau) have Arabic names. However, some of these ethnic groups with strong Islamic influences, such as the Betawi people, have Arabic names which have been suitable with the local pronunciation, such as Rojak (Razak), Leman (Sulaiman), etc.

Arabs settled in Indonesia many generations ago, and their descendants still use their family names, for example, Assegaf, Alhabsyi, or Shihab.

There are many Javanese-style Arabic names such as Marpuah (from Marfu'ah), Ngabdurohman  (from Abdurrahman), Sarip (from Sharif), Slamet (from Salamah), Solikin (from Salihin), etc.

The name "Maysaroh" is a common female name amongst the Betawi people. However, this name is actually a male name in Arab countries. It is probably mistaken with the name Saroh, which is in turn derived from Sarah.

Western names
Western names were brought to Indonesia by the Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and later from American-English cultural exports. Names with western origin include Henry, Agus, Johan, Andri, Anto (Antonius), Siska, Roni, Jono, Riska, Suzanna, Rian, Markus, and many more.

Indonesian Christian (Protestants and Catholics) may use Christian first names and/or baptismal names such as Yohanes, Andreas, Matius, Markus, Lukas, Paulus, Maria, Stefanus, Yakobus, Filipus, and many more Biblical names. These names have been Indonesianized to conform with the Indonesian pronunciations (or as they appear in the Indonesian Bible translations). But more recently, many parent also used Anglicised names such as Peter, Andrew, James, John, Paul, Eva, Stephanie, Mary, etc.. Many non-Christian Indonesians may also use Western names such as Jon, Sam, Paul, Brian, Toni, Tomi, Anne, or Yulia.

Combinations of names from different origins such as "Ricky Hidayat" (Western-Arabic) or "Wisnu Wiryono" (Sanskrit-Javanese) are to be found as well.

Names related to month of birth
Indonesian names may indicate the month of birth. For example,

 January: Januri (m), Yanuar (m). Example: Yanuar Tri Firmanda.
 February: usually identified from prefix Febr-. Example: Febriyanto Wijaya.
 March: Marti (derived from Maret, Indonesian word for March, which in turn is derived from Dutch Maart). Example: Marty Natalegawa.
 April: usually identified from prefix Afri- or Apri-. Example: Aprilia Yuswandari.
 May: Mei or its derivations such as Meilanie, Meiliana, Meiliani (all are feminine). Example: Meiliana Jauhari.
 June: Yuni (f) or its derivations such as Yuniar (f), Yuniarti (f), Yuniarto (m). Example: Yuni Shara.
 July: usually identified from prefix Juli- or Yuli-. Example: Alvent Yulianto.
 August: Agus (m) or its derivations such as Agustin (m), Agustina (f), Agustinus (m, usually borne by Indonesian Catholic). Example: Agus Ngaimin.
 September: usually identified from prefix Seft- or Sept-. Example: Seftia Hadi.
 October: usually identified from prefix Oct- or Okt-. Example: Yati Octavia.
 November: usually identified from prefix Nov-. Example: Novita Dewi.
 December: Deasy, Desi, Dessy (all are feminine). Example: Desi Anwar.

Patrilineal and matrilineal family names
The Indonesian patronymic last name is usually constructed of the father's name, with the word putra (for male) or putri (for female) appended. One example is former Indonesian President Megawati Sukarnoputri, the daughter of former President Sukarno. However, it is also common for the father's name alone to form the child's last name (for instance, 'Ali Ahmad' from the father 'Ahmad Sudharma').

Located in Western Sumatra, the Minangkabau are the largest matrilineal culture in the world and the fourth largest ethnic group in Indonesia. Tribe, clan (or suku) titles, properties and names are all handed down through the female line.

Names with religious connotations
Other than the above linguistical sources, Indonesians also gave their children names from their religious background, irrelevant with their mother language or source language of those names. Hindu names typically includes some deity names, and Sanskrit in origin, while Muslim names usually contain some variation of "Muhammad" and other Arabic names (with no apparent consensus on transliteration rule), and Christian names are either borrowed from European languages, or assimilated from them into Indonesian spellings (e.g. Christian -> Kristian). There are some similarities between the Indonesian Christian and Muslim names such as names that can be found in both Abrahamic religions like Adam, Abraham/Ibrahim, Yusuf/Yusup, Harun, Salomo/Sulaiman, Yunus, Ayub.

It is noteworthy that names based on religious connotations sometimes doesn't necessarily means that the person (or their parents) adherents of said religion, such as Christians/Muslims with Hindu names (e.g. Wisnu, a common male name, Giring Ganesha, etc.), Muslims/Hindu/Buddhist with Christian sounding names (e.g. Kristiani Herrawati), or Buddhist/Hindu/Christian with Muslim/Arabic names (e.g. Sulaiman, Hassan, and other common Arabic names), as many Javanese (and Indonesians to a larger degree) took inspirations from various cultural sources. Some names even mix elements from different religious sources, such as "Wisnu Kristianto" (Wisnu from Vishnu, and Kristianto from Christian), "Muhammad Wisnu", etc. which makes them truly unique from anthropological's point of view. This naming system is especially prevalent from people living in metropolitan areas, or people with Javanese background, as Javanese names tend to be more liberal, while less prevalent in other cultures and regions where the majority of the people are still using traditional names and naming system, or where religion still play a very large emphasis on the daily lives.

Nicknames
It is uncommon, and considered rude, to refer to an Indonesian person by their full first name, unless that name has only one or two syllables. Former Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid, for example, had "Abdurrahman" shortened to "Dur". Many Indonesians use a different name altogether; a woman born as "Khadijah" may be known as "Ida" or "Ijah" to all her friends and family.

In Sundanese culture it is common for the nickname to become integrated as the first name. For example, someone with the name "Komariah", "Gunawan", or "Suryana" written in their birth certificate may become known as "Kokom" for Komariah, "Gugun", or "Wawan" for Gunawan, and "Yaya" or "Nana" for Suryana. The result is rhyming names such as "Kokom Komariah", "Wawan Gunawan", and "Nana Suryana". Notable people having such names include politician Agum Gumelar, comedian Entis Sutisna (with stage name Sule), and politician Dedi Mulyadi.

Indonesian people might also take a Western style  nickname such as Kevin, Kenny, Tommy (Tomi), Jimmy, Ricky, Dicky, Bob, Nicky, Nico, Susy, Taty, Lucy (Lusi), Nancy, Mary (Maria) and so on. It does not necessarily mean their names are Thomas (for Tommy) or James (for Jimmy). For instance, Suharto's son, Hutomo Mandalaputra is popularly known as "Tommy Suharto". The "Tommy" here was not derived from "Thomas", but from the Javanese name, "Hutomo".

Noble titles as part of personal name
In some ethnic groups it is common to include a nobility title into the formal personal name. Due to the various traditions of nobility in each ethnic group, it may be difficult for people from outside a particular ethnic group to discern the nobility title from the personal name.

Acehnese people have titles such as Teuku (male) and Cut (female). Celebrities with such titles include, for example, Teuku Wisnu and Cut Tari.

Bantenese people have titles such as Tubagus (male) and Ratu (female). People with such titles include, for example, Tubagus Hasanuddin and Ratu Atut Chosiyah.

The Bugis and Makassar people have 13 titles such as Andi, Petta, Datu, Bau, Daeng, Karaeng, Kare, Puang, Arung, Iye, La/I, Opu, and Sombaya. People with such titles include, for example, Andi Mappanyukki and Karaeng Matoaya.

Butonese people have titles such as La (male) and Wa (female). People with such titles include, for example, La Nyalla Mattalitti and Wa Ode Nurhayati.

Sasak people have titles such as Lalu (male) and Baiq (female). People with such titles include, for example, Lalu Muhammad Zohri and Baiq Lukita Kirana Putri.

Indexing
According to the Chicago Manual of Style, Indonesian names are indexed differently according to the individual practices and customs.
If there is one name, it is only indexed under that name. If the family name is printed first, index under the family name with no comma and no inversion.

See also

 Balinese name
 Javanese name
 Marga (Batak)

References

Further reading
 A. Kohar Rony, Indonesian Names: A Guide to Bibliographic Listing, Modern Indonesia Project, Cornwell University, 1970

External links

Names by culture

Indonesian names


Yarlagadda Nayudamma (born 1 June 1947) is a consultant paediatric surgeon from Guntur, India. Previously, he operated at the Guntur General Hospital where he was the head of the paediatric surgery department.

He is the only Indian surgeon to have successfully separated three sets of conjoined twins fused at three different locations - head, thorax-abdomen and pelvis.

Biography

Yarlagadda Nayudamma was born to parents Yarlagadda Subba Rao and Rangamma in Karamchedu of Prakasam District (then part of Guntur district), A.P. He graduated in medicine in 1970 from Guntur Medical College, acquired the degree of Master of Surgery in General Surgery in 1974 from Rohtak Medical College, specialized in Paediatric Surgery and obtained the degree of M.Ch. in 1977 from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS).

Awards
Rotary Vocational Excellence Award - 2006 Rovex - 2006
He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Science by the Acharya Nagarjuna University in March 2008.

Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine
1947 births
Living people
People from Prakasam district
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Medical doctors from Andhra Pradesh
Indian paediatric surgeons
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi alumni
20th-century surgeons
Acharya Nagarjuna University alumni

Yarlagadda Nayudamma


The Bayport Industrial District is a large commercial real-estate development located in Southeast Harris County, Texas, within the Bay Area of Greater Houston.  It is one of the two industrial districts in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of La Porte (the other being the Battleground Industrial District). It is located adjacent to both La Porte and Seabrook, Texas.

In 1965 the City of Pasadena and the City of Houston both annexed an area that included the site of Bayport resulting in a lawsuit between Pasadena and City of Houston. Houston was joined by Harris County and Humble Oil & Refining Company in the lawsuit. In 1969 the Supreme Court of Texas reversed lower court rulings that had sustained Houston's motion for summary judgment and upheld the validity of Pasadena's 1965 annexation of the disputed territory.

In 1970 the City of Pasadena created an industrial district that included the Bayport complex.
The development, created in 1970, is among the largest private industrial complexes in the United States. The leading center for chemical processing in the Houston area, Bayport contains more than 60 chemical plants. Businesses located in this district can receive tax incentives from Harris County, La Porte, and Pasadena.  local business volume for Bayport-related enterprises exceeds $829 million annually with 11,000 jobs directly attributable to the complex. Additionally the Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership estimates that for every job created within the complex approximately 3.79 related jobs are created on average outside the district. Thus the district represents a key economic pillar of the communities in the area.

Major facilities in the district include the LyondellBasell site, the Celanese/Air Products/Clariant/Dow site, and the Albemarle/Akzo Nobel site.

Adjacent to the industrial complex is the new Bayport Terminal, which contains both a major new cargo container shipping terminal and a cruise ship terminal. This port is operated by the Port of Houston Authority.

See also

References

External links
 Port of Houston: Bayport Industrial Complex
 Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership: Bayport Map

Greater Houston
Galveston Bay Area
Economy of Houston
La Porte, Texas

Bayport Industrial District


Robert Marsden ( – ) was an English actor, director, dramatic recitalist and teacher of drama at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and elsewhere.  He was also one of the earliest (and latest surviving) wartime members of the BBC Radio Drama Repertory Company, formed to meet the circumstances of World War II.

Biography

Robert Marsden was born in West Hampstead, London. His theatre training was at LAMDA, the London Mask Theatre School, RADA, and the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art.

He made his professional debut in Warrington, Lancashire (now Cheshire) in 1939.

In Stratford-on-Avon, aged nineteen, he played a round of Shakespearean roles, including Tybalt in Romeo & Juliet, Hotspur in Richard II and Tranio in The Taming of the Shrew. He first broadcast in 1942, and played a variety of parts, including Robert in The Letter, Chorus to Laurence Olivier's Henry V and the disciple Philip in Dorothy L. Sayers' play cycle on Jesus The Man Born to Be King.

In London, he was in John Drinkwater's Abraham Lincoln both at the Westminster in 1940 and at the Playhouse in 1943. At the Arts he played leading parts in The Rivals, The Constant Couple etc. In 1944 he appeared at the Chanticleer Theatre in such plays as The Lady From the Sea and as the title character in John Gabriel Borkman.

The following year he was approached by John Gielgud about Rodney Ackland's adaptation of Crime and Punishment, and he played the leading character's friend with Gielgud, Edith Evans and Peter Ustinov at the New Theatre, and elsewhere. Gielgud also cast him in Medea  at the Globe Theatre.

Marsden's next broadcast was as Young Marlow in She Stoops To Conquer, playing opposite Angela Baddeley. He continued to freelance in radio, his roles including the title part in Macbeth, Orsino in Twelfth Night, Tybalt (as at Stratford) and the King in Love's Labour's Lost.

He was a fine pianist, and accompanied his own singing, on the air and later in recitations. He composed revue material and comic songs, such as a witty setting of Carroll's Jabberwocky. On radio in the mid-fifties he played the title role in the series Mike Dudley, Charter Pilot. He was also a regular in the Bunkle series with Billie Whitelaw, and he acted in In Parenthesis with Dylan Thomas.

He also appeared on television, parts ranging from Antonio in The Tempest, to the sinister Black Dog in Treasure Island with Bernard Miles.

In Fry's The Boy with a Cart, he played one of the brothers in the West End with Richard Burton, and a different one on TV.  At the Guildford Repertory Theatre in 1951 he was Claudius to the Hamlet of Laurence Payne.  The leading critic J. C. Trewin wrote of him as a Claudius "who, for all his draughts of Rhenish, was a regal statesman".
In 1956 at the Phoenix he was in Peter Brook's production of The Power & the Glory with Paul Scofield (with whom he had trained).

His career as a director began at Whitby, and included Guildford (where he directed Philip Bond in Richard II) and Coventry. At Preston he played Othello and co-directed it. He also worked with Joan Littlewood at Stratford East.

In 1959 he 'did the hat-trick' with Abraham Lincoln, playing the name character at the Belgrade, Coventry. At the Belgrade he also played Shylock in The Merchant of Venice and Brutus in Julius Caesar.  Brutus's boy servant Lucius was played by Michael Crawford.

On television, he played Lincoln in the first episode of the Doctor Who serial The Chase, reciting about half of the Gettysburg Address.  The episode was directed by Richard Martin who had been in the cast of the Drinkwater play with him at the Belgrade.

At Birmingham Rep in 1961 Marsden was Enobarbus in Antony & Cleopatra. He also performed at Hampstead Theatre in its early days, playing in He Who Gets Slapped.

He started to vary his acting with work as a drama teacher, at RADA, Central School and the City Lit, as well as privately. He also gave solo recitations, which were both dramatic and musical.

In 1965, Robert Marsden rejoined the Stratford-based Shakespeare company, now called the Royal Shakespeare Company. He had played the major role of the Chorus in Henry V on radio to Laurence Olivier as Henry, and now he succeeded Eric Porter in the part at the Aldwych Theatre in London, with Ian Holm as the King.   A review recorded "Chorus stands four-square in the Elizabethan age, an imposing amalgam of Drake and Raleigh as presented by Robert Marsden."

While with the RSC, he was in the earliest of their Theatre-Go-Round outreach programmes for school pupils, and he played Boretzki in Peter Weiss's disturbing compilation from the concentration camp hearings, The Investigation. Performed at the Aldwych, it was audio recorded by the BBC and broadcast more than once.

After this, though he appeared both live and on television again, he did not work much as an actor. Having lost the sight of one eye in an accident in his youth, he developed glaucoma, and lost much of his sight in his forties. One of his latest personal appearances was at a verse recital performing alongside Dame Peggy Ashcroft and Jeremy Brett. For many years he continued as a private drama teacher, specialising in coaching intense voice work.

He lived with and was then married to Sally, née Brice (1951–2012).  They divorced, but remained friends.

Marsden died on  at Elstree, Hertfordshire.

Filmography
The Hostage (1956) - Benda
Licensed to Kill (1965) - August Jacobsen

References

External links

 Robert Marsden's roles in the archives of the Royal Shakespeare Company
 Obituary in The Times, 4 May 2007

1921 births
2007 deaths
People from West Hampstead
English male stage actors
Alumni of RADA
English theatre directors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male television actors
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
Male actors from London

Robert Marsden


The Bandra Kurla Complex is a business and residential district in the city of Mumbai, India. It is a prominent upscale commercial hub which commands some of the highest property rates in the country. According to MMRDA, the complex is the first of a series of "growth centres" created to "arrest further concentration" of offices and commercial activities in eastern parts of Mumbai. It has aided to decongest the CBD (Central Business District) in South Mumbai while seeding new areas of planned commercial real estate in the metropolitan region.

Subjects
BKC houses a number of commercial buildings including Jammu & Kashmir Bank, National Business Centre, National Stock Exchange, SEBI, SIDBI, ONGC, Punjab National Bank, Twitter India, NABARD Head Office,  Nita Mukesh Ambani Cultural Centre, ICICI Bank, Citibank, Dena Bank, Bank of Baroda, State Bank of India, Bank of India, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Bharat Diamond Bourse, Unit Trust of India, Dhirubhai Ambani International School, IL&FS, Amazon.com, Spotify, Asian Heart Institute, Dow Chemicals, American School of Bombay, Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, Fortune 2000, Jio World Centre, Jio World Drive and Jio World Garden. It also hosts the first Apple Store in India called the "Apple BKC".

It also is home to the Mumbai Cricket Association's cricket ground, the Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai and the British Deputy High Commission, Rustomjee Seasons, Hubtown Sunstone, Ten BKC, Kalpataru Magnus, Kalpataru Sparkle, Rustomjee Oriana.

There are more than 400,000 (4 lakh) people working in various offices throughout the BKC.

It covers 370 hectares of once low-lying land on either side of the Mithi river, Vakola Nalla and Mahim Creek.  The area had poor surface drainage and was severely affected by pollution in the Mahim Creek.  One of the important features of the channelisation of Mithi river and Vakola nalla was to improve water carrying capacity and reduce pollution. Mithi River for about 4.5 km of its length from Mahim Causeway to C.S.T. Road Bridge and its tributary Vakola Nalla, for 2.5 km of its length, have been channelised for an average 60 m and 40 m bed widths respectively, thereby improving the hydraulic features of these two important water courses in the BKC area.

The commercial development in BKC includes private and government offices (state and central), banks, wholesale establishments, etc. and will provide ultimately about 2,000,000 jobs in the area.  The MMRDA has so far developed 19 hectares of marshy land in the 'E' Block where a number of office buildings have been constructed.  These buildings together provide an office space of 174,000 square metres with a potential to accommodate 17,400 jobs. An Urban Plaza and Park named 'CITY PARK' has been developed on an area of about 22,500 square metres in this block.

In recent years, BKC overtook Bombay Central to become the third most-prominent business district in Maharashtra, after Mumbai's Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade. However, a lack of public transportation options in the area (including rail, metro, etc.), in addition to the soft marshland on which BKC is based, have challenged the further development of the area, such as the construction of skyscrapers and high-rises. Despite this, it is expected by 2030 that BKC and Parel will be more prominent commercial hubs than Nariman Point and Cuffe Parade.

G Block and International Finance and Business Center (IFBC)

Besides the development in 'E' Block, the focus of development of activities has also moved to the adjoining 'G' Block where a new International Finance and Business Center is planned.

Objectives
The main objective of International Finance and Business Centre (IFBC) planning is to create new office locations. In order to ensure some life in the area even after offer office hours, a mix of activities has also been envisaged.

Accessibility
The basic consideration of the IFBC plan is accessibility to the area. The considerations of accessibility and orientation have shaped the overall master plan of IFBC. It is a part of the 'G' Block of Bandra Kurla Complex, which is located between Bandra and Kurla, both of which are major railway stations and have railway terminals (Bandra Terminus and Lokmanya Tilak Terminus, respectively) in their vicinity on the Western and Central lines respectively, of the Mumbai Suburban Railway.
In addition to the suburban railway, the upcoming Line II of Phase 1 of the Mumbai Metro project will pass through the IFBC and will have 4 stations near and within BKC (i.e., MMRDA, Income Tax Office, Bharat Nagar and Complex Road), other than Bandra (Metro) and Kurla (Metro) stations.

Other than the above rail links, BKC can also be accessed through the Western Express Highway, a major expressway in Mumbai, via the Kalanagar Junction and BKC Road, which passes through the IFBC. And also there is link road to connect Eastern express highway.

In 2019, the west side of BKC in the inside area started operation of a new flyover. It is called Chunabhatti-BKC flyover or just simply BKC Connector as it connects with the Eastern Express Highway. The bridge provides proximal access to Sewri-Chembur Road and vehicles can climb on the Eastern Freeway from Daya Shankar Chowk turning right from the link road or get to BKC just north from Sion all the way therefore more most business people working in the area or living in the area and commuting to South Bombay for work getting faster journeys and less travel time. The road is allowed and cars and few bus routes sometimes provide service on the overpass and trucks, 2 and 3 wheelers are restricted on this road. The bridge passes over Mithi River and over Mumbai Suburban Railway's Central and Harbour line tracks and it acts as a bypass to areas like Kalanagar and Dharavi and the route is expected to reduce traffic congestion on the existing link roads.

Land use
About 42 per cent of the land area of the plan is earmarked for commercial use and 14 per cent for housing. One of the important features of the area is preservation of large open spaces surrounding various public centers. This is expected to be the focal point of activities and a major attraction of the area. A large utility complex is proposed to be developed. It will provide space for various public and commercial utilities, small offices for professionals, car parks, bus stands and taxi stands. Parking demand expected in the area is about 15,000. To provide for such parking requirement, two level basement parking is permitted for all buildings. Public parking is also proposed in the form of multi-storied and underground garages.

Concert venues
In order to provide space in terms of open grounds for arranging various exhibitions, events etc., open plots have been made available on rent. These open plots collectively known as 'MMRDA Grounds' host most of the city's Trade Exhibitions, Music Concerts, Award Nights and Religious and Political Rallies. International Artists that have performed at the MMRDA grounds include Akon, 50 Cent, Beyoncé, Guns N' Roses, INXS, Iron Maiden, Michael Learns to Rock, Pitbull, Roger Waters, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, Mark Knopfler and Shakira.

BKC hosted Vodafone Speed Fest, an F1 Street Race featuring Lewis Hamilton on 16 September 2012.

The Global Citizen Festival was hosted at the MMRDA Grounds on 19 November 2016, headlined by Coldplay and Demi Lovato. The lineup also included Aamir Khan, Jay-Z and A.R. Rahman, among others.

Development till date and in future
A number of offices and residential buildings and three schools have been constructed and occupied. Construction of other buildings is in an advanced stage of completion. Most of the infrastructure services work including water supply, sewerage, telephone, gas, storm water, and electricity is completed. CNG and Petrol Pump outlet are operational. Mahim Nature Park is development in 'H' block of the complex.

Currently MMRDA has invited bids for allotment of 5 commercial plots, 3 residential plots and 2 plots for hotel purpose.

Transport
Mumbai Metro lines 2 and 3 will be in this area, which would be also integrated with Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor's Mumbai Terminal.

Sports
Bandra Kurla Complex Ground is a cricket  ground. The ground normally hosts charity matches and some local matches. It is also home to the Mumbai Cricket Association. In 2009, India under-19s  also practiced with Mike Young, an Australian fielding coach for the 2010 World Cup in New Zealand. The ground has also hosted women's ODI and T20I matches including two matches of World Cup 2013.

References

External links

 Webpage of Bandra Kurla Complex

Geography of Mumbai
Economy of Mumbai
Neighbourhoods in Mumbai
Bandra
Financial districts in India

Bandra Kurla Complex


ARIA TV is a television channel in Afghanistan for children and teenagers. It was launched on 4 April 2011 as "an exclusive and dedicated channel for children and teenagers". The target audience includes pre-school children, school children and children not in school, from age 2 to 19.

ARIA TV aims to educate children and teenagers about their rights and to accomplish behavior change, focusing on the promotion of democracy in parallel with educational and cultural development. It uses education entertainment as a strategic approach for educating children and teenagers, through different types program such as animations, TV shows, soap operas, feature movies, documentaries and TV spots. A creative team with the support of Afghan educators will work on these programs.

The creative team of this channel has the background and experience to develop effective, inspiring and moving messages and programs. The educators collaborating with the creative team have many years of experience in the field of education and curriculum development.

ARIA TV has a preschool programming block, an evening block, ARIA at Night and a special programming block at the weekends.

References

Television stations in Afghanistan
Television channels and stations established in 2010

ARIA TV


Franz Wittman (16 January 1860 in Hódmezővásárhely – 1932 in Budapest) was a Hungarian electrical engineer and physicist. He was educated at the University of Budapest and continued his studies in Vienna, Berlin, Paris, Frankfurt-am-Main, Darmstadt and Hanover. In 1892, he was appointed professor of physics at the polytechnic in Budapest. Five years later, he became a member of the royal patent bureau and secretary of the board of examiners for teachers in intermediate schools.

Wittmann's works, which have made him the leading Hungarian authority on electrotechnics, include the following:
 "Az Inductiv Taszításról" (on inductive repulsion)
"Periodikus Áramok Optikai Vizsgálata" (optical tests of periodical currents)
"Budapest Villamvilágításáról" (electric lighting of Budapest)
"Az Erős Villamáramok Technikája" (technics of strong electric currents)
"A Leydeni Batteriák és Induktoriumok Áramának Vizsgálata és Objektív Előállítása" (objective production of currents from Leyden jars and inductors);
"Kondensatorok Áramának Vizsgálata és Objectív Előállítása" (test and objective production of currents from condensers);
"Akusztikai Kísérletek" (acoustic experiments)

In addition to these works, Wittmann has published numerous articles on the technical uses of electricity and heat.

References

1860 births
1932 deaths
19th-century Hungarian  physicists
20th-century Hungarian  physicists
Hungarian electrical engineers
Hungarian Jews
Budapest University alumni
Hungarian expatriates in Germany
People from Hódmezővásárhely
Jewish physicists
Engineers from Austria-Hungary

Franz Wittmann (physicist)