Heggbach Abbey () was a Cistercian nunnery in Heggbach, now part of the municipality of Maselheim in the district of Biberach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

History
In 1231 Beguines from nearby Maselheim founded a convent at the Hecchibach, close to a church whose dedication to Saint Pancras suggests may have been a proprietary church of the Counts of Berg (Swabian Berg, not the Rhenish county with the same name). This church was supervised by Salem Abbey. The following year, the small convent at Heggbach was also put under the supervision of Salem Abbey. Between 1233 and 1244 Hekebach was incorporated into the Cistercian order and received a charter, dated 26 June 1248, affirming its status as an independent abbey.

The abbesses and nuns of Heggbach Abbey were drawn predominantly from peasant and merchant families of the villages and cities in the vicinity. However, in later times, nuns also came from more distant areas and from local families of the lesser nobility.

Although major building works were completed under abbess Halwig Wachsgäb (1312-1322), the basic structure and layout of the nunnery, seems to have already been largely finished at around the time of its establishment, since during restoration in 1980 late Romanesque round-arched windows were discovered, as was the northern entry of the enclosure, similar in style, in the west wing. Similar openings, later bricked up, have been preserved above the vaults in the cloister.

The abbey's extensive property at the time of its foundation came from donations and acquisitions. The property was enlarged by the watermill in Maselheim in 1245 and soon afterwards a number of farms also came into the possession of Heggbach Abbey. In 1267 the abbey received the patronage of the church in Maselheim as part of an inheritance and in 1293 (temporarily) the village of Ringschnait.

The nuns, who at first had lived in a building next to the church of Saint Pancras, soon moved into the new convent buildings, performing their prayers in the small abbey church. This church was redesigned at the beginning of the 14th century and dedicated to Our Lady and Saint George. The lords of Freyberg seem to have been patrons of the abbey since they supported it financially and, in 1493, received the right to use the choir as a burial place for members of their family.

Two of the three co-heirs to the lordship of Achstetten, Eberhard and Hans von Freyberg, sold their rights of patronage over Burgrieden to Heggbach Abbey in 1420. Their descendants also disposed of the chaplaincy of Mietingen, selling it to the abbey in 1460. Heggbach Abbey also possessed the right to dispense low justice from at least 1429 in Sulmingen and in Baustetten from 1491. In Mietingen the abbey had acquired the right to dispense both low and high justice in 1442.

In 1429 Heggbach Abbey was granted imperial immediacy and from 1500 was a member of the Swabian Circle.

Abbess Elisabeth Kröl (1454-1480) reformed the nunnery in 1467 and in the same year had a new altar built, dedicated to Our Lady. During the reign of her successor, Agnes Sauter (1480-1509), more altars were added to the abbey church, the chapter house received a chapel and the west wing was extended. Further improvements to the structure of the monastic buildings were carried out under abbess Margaretha Hautmann (1532-1539).

The physical protection of the abbey, originally a task of the Empire, was transferred to the Imperial city of Biberach in 1481.

During the German Peasants' War, the abbey was looted on 27 March 1525 by rioting farmers of the peasants' army from nearby Baltringen (Baltringer Haufen) after several complaints regarding the burden of heavy taxes had been ignored by the abbess. As a symbol that the abbey was now subject to the peasants, a red cross was put on the main gate.

In 1529, during the early phases of the Protestant Reformation, citizens of the nearby Imperial City of Biberach attempted to convert the Heggbach nuns to follow the doctrines of Martin Luther, an attempt which failed when the then abbess, Walburga Bitterler, refused to comply.

Heggbach Abbey suffered several lootings during the Thirty Years' War, particularly during the Swedish and the French incursions between 1632 and 1647.

The interior of the abbey was rebuilt in Baroque and Rococo style in the 18th century during the reigns of the abbesses Maria Caecilia Constantia Schmid (1712-1742) and Maria Aleydis Zech (1742-1773). During the same period, the gatehouse was built.

At the end of the 18th century, the territory of Heggbach Abbey encompassed five and two-thirds villages (Baltringen, Baustetten, Maselheim, Mietingen and Sulmingen, as well as possessions in Laupheim), totalling 116 estates with a population of 1,718.

Dissolution
During the secularisation in 1803, Heggbach Abbey came into the possession of Count Waldbott von Bassenheim, passing in 1806 to the Kingdom of Württemberg. The existing nuns were allowed to remain in the abbey and received a pension but no new nuns were allowed to enter the community. The last abbess, Maria Anne Vogel, died in 1825.

Premises
In 1875, the property was bought by Prince Franz von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee who left the buildings to Franciscan sisters from the convent in Reute in 1884. They established an institution to care for the disabled (the Heggbacher Einrichtungen), in which today 355 physically and mentally disabled persons are cared for. New buildings were erected to suit the new use of the site, but the abbey church, cloister and enclosure are still extant.

See also
 Imperial Abbey
 Cistercians
 Upper Swabia

Notes

Further reading

External links

  Website of the Heggbacher Einrichtungen

States and territories established in 1429
States and territories disestablished in 1803
Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg
Cistercian nunneries in Germany
1230s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1231 establishments in Europe
Religious organizations established in the 1230s
Christian monasteries established in the 13th century
Beguinages
1420s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1429 establishments in Europe
Imperial abbeys disestablished in 1802–03

Heggbach Abbey


Brian Raymond Tamaki (born 2 February 1958), is a New Zealand fundamentalist Christian religious leader and far-right political activist and politician. He is the leader of Destiny Church, a pentecostal Christian organisation which advocates strict adherence to fundamentalist biblical morality. Tamaki has been involved with various fringe political parties and movements, and since 2022 he has led the Freedoms New Zealand party.

The Destiny Church under Tamaki is notable for its position against homosexuality, its patriarchal views, and for its calls for a return to biblical conservative family values and morals. Tamaki has also stated the COVID-19 pandemic is a sign the world has "strayed from God", which led to widespread condemnation, with one Anglican vicar describing Tamaki as "dangerous". This, alongside many comments he has made, and how he has amassed a large fortune by preaching the prosperity gospel to a mostly working-class audience, has made him a controversial figure in New Zealand.

Tamaki's church and his political involvements have pushed a strong campaign that opposes COVID-19 vaccination, lockdowns and mask mandates since the pandemic began in New Zealand, and engaged in protests against mandates at Parliament, including the 2022 Wellington protest. In 2022 Tamaki was briefly imprisoned for breaching bail conditions as he took part in an anti-mandate protest in Christchurch.

Biography

Early life
In his autobiography Bishop Brian Tamaki: More than meets the eye, Tamaki makes the following claims about his early life:

Born in Te Awamutu in the Waikato region as the eldest in a family of five, Tamaki spent his childhood years on the family farm, called "Te Manuka", in the rural area of Te Kopua. His mother was "devoutly religious", taking her sons to the Te Awamutu Methodist Church on Sundays. Tamaki describes his father as an alcoholic who showed no interest in fatherhood. Tamaki is a Tainui man from the Ngati Ngawaero and Ngāti Maniapoto tribes. During Tamaki's childhood the family moved from the farm to Te Awamutu and then on to Tokoroa in 1970. While in Tokoroa, Tamaki became interested in rugby union and a little later came to enjoy pig-hunting and participating in a rock band playing the pub circuit. Two of Tamaki's brothers, Doug and Mike, are tourism venture operators in Rotorua.

Tamaki dropped out of secondary school at fifteen, after, as he describes in his autobiography, dabbling in drugs, before completing the fourth form and took a labouring job in the forestry industry. In his teens Tamaki began a relationship with Hannah Lee and the unwed couple moved to Te Awamutu, where Tamaki worked on a dairy farm owned by his uncle and aunt. An incident occurred where Lee tried to stab Tamaki to death. It is reported that he had to lock himself in the bathroom but that the blade pierced through the door, nearly wounding him. Tamaki and Lee had their first child, Jasmine, in December 1978. Later at 21, Tamaki joined the Ngāruawāhia Apostolic Church. He lost his farm job and he and Lee returned to Tokoroa, where he attended the Tokoroa Apostolic Church. Tamaki became heavily involved with the church after pastor Manuel Renata baptised him in December 1979. Since Tamaki and his partner had not married, Renata would not allow him to carry out all the functions of the church. Tamaki and Lee then married at the Tokoroa Presbyterian Church on 22 March 1980. Fourteen months later they had their second child, a girl named Jamie.

Destiny Church

In 1982 the Tamakis attended the Apostolic Church's Te Nikau Bible College in Paraparaumu, and also had their third child, Samuel. Tamaki became an ordained elder, and then (in September 1984) a pastor in the Tokoroa Apostolic Church. Tamaki went on to establish the Rosetown Community Church in Te Awamutu, the Lake City Church in Rotorua, City Church and then Destiny Church in Auckland.

On 18 June 2005 kaumātua and Destiny Pastor Manuel Renata ordained Tamaki as bishop of the Destiny Church movement (which at the time totalled 15 churches throughout New Zealand and Australia).

Tamaki advocates prosperity theology, which has been criticised as immoral and potentially dangerous.

In 2017 Brian Tamaki and Hannah Tamaki moved into a 234 square metre house in Drury, South Auckland. While it is the residence of Brian Tamaki and his family they are not legally connected to the home and only reside there. In response to criticism that moving into a house of such size was an overreach of his wealth, Tamaki responded "Jealousy is part of the promotion of god".

In mid-April 2018, it was reported that Tamaki had sustained two second-degree burns to his face and body after a botched attempt to burn rubbish. Tamaki announced to members of his congregation that he was recovering and praised his wife and hospital staff for aiding his recovery.

In February 2021, The Otago Daily Times noted that he was being styled "Apostle Bishop" and that church members who paid various fees could be styled "Apostle's Sons"..

In late July 2022, it was reported that Tamaki was facing a charge of careless driving after crossing the centre line and colliding with a car carrying two occupants near Rotorua on 6 May 2022. He pleaded guilty to careless driving and was ordered to pay reparations.

Church and politics

In 2003 several members of the Destiny Church started the Destiny New Zealand political party, led by Richard Lewis.  The party ran candidates in most electorates in the 2005 general election, but garnered less than 1 per cent of the vote, short of the 5 per cent threshold required to enter Parliament without winning an electorate seat.

Destiny New Zealand was promoted by a nationwide tour and DVD labelled "A Nation Under Siege". Tamaki features in the DVD and accompanied the tour. The DVD shows Tamaki decrying what he sees as four problems with New Zealand society: "a Government gone evil, a radical homosexual agenda, the media: a modern day witchcraft" and "the retreat of religion in New Zealand".

In 2004, Tamaki predicted the Destiny Church would be "ruling the nation" before its tenth anniversary in 2008.

Destiny Church claimed a close relationship with New Birth Missionary Baptist Church in Atlanta, USA, the church of Bishop Eddie Long, until at least September 2010. In his autobiography Tamaki wrote a chapter titled "Spiritual Father – a long time coming", in which he described meeting "my spiritual father", Eddie Long, in 2002. In October 2003, Long visited New Zealand after Tamaki invited him to address Destiny Church members. Tamaki wrote, "the ease of our connection and the confirmation of a date was entirely in line with Kingdom principle – when God speaks, do it". Long travelled to New Zealand again subsequently and Tamaki usually met him each year at church conferences.

On 23 May 2019 Tamaki launched a new political party, Coalition New Zealand, led by his wife Hannah Tamaki. Coalition New Zealand would not be an explicitly Christian party but would oppose abortion and homosexuality. The name of the party was deemed potentially misleading by the Electoral Commission and was subsequently renamed to Vision New Zealand.

On 23 August 2022 Tamaki launched Freedoms New Zealand, a new umbrella political party which includes the New Nation Party, Vision New Zealand, and the NZ Outdoors & Freedom Party. On 13 May 2023, Tamaki announced that he would contest the 2023 New Zealand general election as the leader of Freedoms New Zealand.

Media engagement
At the Nelson meeting of the Destiny New Zealand "A Nation Under Siege" tour, Tamaki attacked the media, the government, the Green Party and Grey Power (a lobby group for the elderly), referring to the Greens as "pagans", Grey Power as "self centred" and the media as "modern day witchcraft".

In 2004 the Sunday Star-Times reported that Mr Tamaki "hijacked" $450,000 from elderly couple Barry and Marian Wilson. The Wilsons lent the money, which they had received from the sale of nautical clothing label Line7 in the mid-'90s, on the understanding that it was to be used to purchase a block of land in Rotorua for the construction of a church. It was reported that after almost 10 years and countless attempts to contact Mr Tamaki and his wife Hannah, the Wilsons had given up hope of ever recovering the full amount. The Sunday Star-Times asked Mr Tamaki for a response to a series of questions regarding the loan, but he declined to respond.

In 2004 Sunday broadcast a documentary of Tamaki and of the Destiny Church. Dr Philip Culbertson of the University of Auckland said: "As far as I can tell it's a cult".

In July 2005 Tamaki had directed "highly offensive abuse" at Newstalk ZB host Mike Yardley while off-air during an interview on 20 July.
In his autobiography Tamaki denies that the abuse happened.

In May 2006 a poll ranked Tamaki the least-trusted of 75 prominent New Zealanders.
In June 2006 Tamaki expressed opposition to Sue Bradford's private members Child Discipline Bill, which removed the legal defence of "reasonable force" for prosecutions of parents who have assaulted their children.

In May 2007 the Reader's Digest "Most Trusted People"' poll again ranked Tamaki as New Zealand's least trusted of 75 prominent persons, followed by Ahmed Zaoui and Don Brash. He was again ranked least-trusted in 2012 in a list of 100, this time followed by Hone Harawira and Kim Dotcom.

In July 2008 TV3 broadcast "Inside New Zealand: The Life of Brian", a documentary by reporter Ross Jennings. Jennings claimed to "go inside the head of the Destiny Church's home, inside his boat, inside his church and yes, even inside his flashy wardrobe."

Views and controversies

Cult allegations
In a Close-Up TV interview on the subject Tamaki denied that his church is a cult claiming that "if we are a cult then the Catholics, the Presbyterians, the Methodists, the Baptists, and the Pentecostals are all cults as well.  Because we believe – we have the same actual orthodox tenets of belief."

Richard Lewis, spokesperson for Destiny, earlier in the same interview deflected the criticism by re-defining the term in a pejorative sense saying "Well a cult is umm some exclusive community out in the backdrops of nowhere, but Destiny is the opposite of that; we're in the middle of Mt Wellington, our doors are always open, as Bishop says; we broadcast live, we're an open book".

Views on sexuality and marriage
Tamaki used his address to Destiny Church on 4 September 2022 to declare that queer people are perverts. Queer rights activist Shaneel Lal says that Tamaki "being concerned about what consenting adults are doing in bed is perverted.

Radio Pacific host John Banks aired an interview with Tamaki that attacked a New Zealand AIDS Foundation's takatāpui (Māori for LGBT-person) HIV-prevention project, in which Tamaki referred to traditional Māori pre-colonial intolerance for male homosexuality, painting a picture of a society which, he claimed, exterminated gay and lesbian people. However, many Māori academic authorities question the basis for this claim.

The broadcasting of Tamaki's preaching against homosexuality on Television New Zealand has led to numerous complaints to the Broadcasting Standards Authority. Television New Zealand pulled the original opening episode of his series Higher Ground, because it "had language and phrases that did not meet industry standards of accuracy, fairness and balance".

Tamaki does not recognise the sex-reassignment surgery of the transgender former MP Georgina Beyer: Tamaki referred to Beyer in his autobiography as a male.

On 16 November 2016, Brian Tamaki drew controversy when he made statements during a sermon that the 2010 and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes were divine retribution for sinful behaviour including murder and homosexuality. These statements preceded the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake by a few hours. Tamaki's comments were condemned by leading New Zealand public figures including the Mayor of Christchurch Bob Parker, Prime Minister John Key, and the Anglican bishop of Dunedin, Kelvin Wright. One Auckland-based critic Aaron Smithson also organized a Change.org petition calling on Prime Minister Key to revoke Destiny Church's tax-free status. On 17 November, Tamaki responded by accusing the media of bias and sensationalizing his statements.

On 19 April 2018, Tamaki tweeted his support for Australian rugby union player Israel Folau's comments condemning homosexuality.

In June 2019, he made an 'apology' in front of representatives from the LGBT community who were invited on to stage to share their stories and ask for a bridging of the divide between the LGBT community and the church. He told his South Auckland congregation that he is sorry for any past comments that have offended the gay community, claiming that some of his past comments were misinterpreted. But he said that he hasn't changed his beliefs, and doesn't agree with homosexual acts. This apology came only one week after his wife launched a political party Vision NZ (then called Coalition New Zealand). Only one month before the apology Brian had also used the hashtag on social media #crybabygays while showing support for Australian rugby league player Israel Folau, who among other things said how hell awaited gay people.

Views on women in politics
Tamaki regards the perceived lack of male leadership in New Zealand, including the leadership over one's family, as "the work of the devil". He claims that Parliament reflects this alleged lack of male leadership. In his autobiography he defends his attitude towards women by pointing to the role of his wife Pastor Hannah Tamaki in the Destiny Church organisation, and also says "God is very specific about the role and function of men".

Trans woman MP Georgina Beyer confronted Tamaki at the "Enough is Enough" protest in Wellington in August 2004, charging "Your hatred is totally intolerable". Beyer also compared Tamaki to despots like Robert Mugabe in a 3 News interview.

Views on Islam
Following the Christchurch mosque shootings in March 2019, Brian Tamaki issued a Tweet protesting at Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's decision to hold an Islamic call to prayer ahead of the two minutes of silence being held for the victims of the Christchurch shootings on 22 March 2019. Tamaki also made remarks attacking Islam as a "false religion" and falsely claiming that Christianity was the national religion of New Zealand. He called removing Jesus Christ out of parliamentary prayer "a slap in the face" to "generations of Christians".

Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, Tamaki courted media attention and controversy in mid-March 2020 when he announced that Destiny Church would not be closing their churches in response to Government directives discouraging gatherings of more than 100 people. Tamaki stated that he was "not about to let a filthy virus scare us out of having church. To equate fear with common sense is nonsense." He claimed that "... very ignorant Kiwis don't even realise their rights have been stolen". Tamaki's remarks were criticised by infectious diseases expert Siouxsie Wiles for undermining COVID-19 containment efforts." While Destiny Church held services on 22 March, they subsequently shifted to online services to comply with national lockdown restrictions.

In mid-2020, Tamaki criticized the Government's alert level two restrictions limiting religious services to 10 people. Describing the Government as "controlling parents," Tamaki announced that Destiny Church would be holding services in defiance of lockdown regulations and also called upon other New Zealand churches to join him in opposing these restrictions.

In early March 2021, Tamaki and his wife Hannah attracted media coverage and public criticism after they left Auckland during a Level 3 lockdown and visited Rotorua in the North Island and Te Anau in the South Island, which were both under a Level 2 lockdown. The COVID-19 Response Minister Chris Hipkins described the Tamakis' actions as "completely irresponsible." The Mayor of Invercargill Tim Shadbolt stated that the Tamakis were not welcome in the South Island city. That same month, Tamaki had defended Hannah's Facebook post stating that she would not take any COVID-19 vaccine, claiming they were not "anti-vaxxers" or conspiracy theorists.

On 2 October 2021, Tamaki along with The Freedoms & Rights Coalition (TFRC) staged an anti-lockdown protest outside the Auckland War Memorial Museum in the Auckland Domain. The protests attracted thousands of demonstrators, including gang members on motorbikes, young children and elderly, many of whom were not following social distancing rules or wearing masks. The protesters were criticised for flouting lockdown restrictions and endangering public health by ACT Party leader David Seymour, Auckland Council councillors Jo Bartley and Richard Hills, and Jacinda Ardern.

The New Zealand Police's delay in laying charges against Tamaki drew criticism, with a Change.org petition calling for his prosecution attracting 65,000 signatures by 4 October. On 5 October, Tamaki was charged with breaching the COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020 and Alert Level 3 restrictions in relation to organising the protest. He appeared in court by video link on 12 October and pleaded not guilty. He was remanded on bail until a further appearance in January 2022. He was also banned from attending protests in breach of anti-COVID restrictions and from using the internet to encourage non-compliance.

Tamaki attended an anti-lockdown protest in Auckland on 16 October and was subsequently arrested for breach of bail conditions.

In early November 2021, Stuff identified Brian Tamaki as the "founder and architect" of the anti-lockdown "The Freedom and Rights Coalition" (TFRC) protest movement, which had organised nationwide anti-lockdown and anti-vaccination protests. The Stuff report also identified Jenny Marshall, Destiny Church's director of operations and Tamaki's assistant, as the owner of TFRC's web domain. Marshall confirmed that Tamaki was the leader of the TFRC but claimed that the Coalition's merchandising and donations were separate from the Church's finances. In addition, Stuff reported that Brian and Hannah Tamaki maintained links with Groundswell NZ's Pukekohe and Auckland coordinator Scott Bright, who donated vegetables to the TFRC and participated in an anti-lockdown protest in his personal capacity.

On 23 November, Brian and Hannah Tamaki were summoned to the Auckland Central Police station for attending the Auckland Domain protest held on 20 November in breach of the form's bail conditions. In response, 100 supporters gathered outside the Police station in solidarity with the Tamakis. Brian denied breaching bail conditions and criticised the Government's COVID-19 Protection Framework. Auckland District Court Judge Steve Bonnar altered Tamaki's bail conditions to explicitly bar him from the Auckland Domain and from speaking at gatherings deemed unlawful by law enforcement authorities. Following an appeal, High Court Justice Geoffrey Venning allowed Tamaki to visit the Auckland Domain and Auckland Museum for recreational purposes but not protests. Tamaki was scheduled to face trial in April 2022.

On 27 December, the Police launched another investigation of Tamaki after he threatened to blow up mobile vaccination clinics in opposition to the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines to children between the ages of 5 and 11. According to The New Zealand Herald, Tamaki had made this alleged threat during a sermon held on 26 December, which was uploaded on Destiny Church's website.

On 8 January 2022, Tamaki addressed an anti-lockdown and anti-vaccine mandate rally in Christchurch's Hagley Park, which he described as a "family picnic" rather than a protest. In response, Police launched an investigation into whether Tamaki had breached his bail conditions.

On 17 January 2022, Tamaki was arrested for allegedly breaching his bail conditions. Police have previously stated they were investigating an anti-vaccine mandate rally held at Christchurch's Hagley Park on 8 January. Tamaki is not allowed to "organise or attend" any protest encouraging non-compliance with the Covid-19 Public Health Response Act 2020. In response, Tamaki denounced the arrest and claimed that he was a political prisoner.
Tamaki was remanded in custody for ten days for allegedly breaching his bail conditions by attending the Christchurch protest.

Supporters from Destiny Church and the Freedom and Rights Coalition camped outside Mount Eden Corrections Facility for several days. On 22 January 2022, six pastors including City Impact Church pastor Peter Mortlock and pastors from the Grace Churches in Gisborne, Tauranga, and Rotorua, Auckland's Covenant Church and South City Reformed Baptist Church objected to Tamaki's imprisonment, claiming that he had been silenced for his dissenting views. Following nine days of imprisonment, High Court judge Paul Davison ruled in favor of Tamaki's appeal that the decision to remand him in prison was wrong. Davison granted Tamaki bail but barred him from attending, organising, supporting and speaking at future anti-lockdown protests and ordered him to reside at home on a 24 hour curfew.

TFRC protests
On 23 July, Tamaki's Freedom and Rights Coalition staged protests in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch to protest against various problems in New Zealand society including rising living costs, violence, housing shortages, healthcare sector strains, and excessive government farming regulations. Tamaki addressed protesters in the Auckland Domain. Protesters disrupted traffic in Auckland and Wellington. Following the 23 July protests, Tamaki announced plans to establish a new coalition with three minor parties to contest the 2023 New Zealand general election. On 16 August, Tamaki and his wife Hannah were issued with traffic infringement notices for causing traffic disruption during the 23 July Auckland protest.

On 6 August, Tamaki led another TFRC protest known as the "patriots day and march" at the Auckland Domain. The TFRC protesters were met by counter-demonstrators led by Mark Graham. Police kept peace between the two rival groups and sealed the Southern Motorway's ramps at Khyber Pass Road to prevent TFRC protesters from marching onto the highway and disrupting traffic.

On 23 August, Tamaki led a protest march outside the New Zealand Parliament in Welligton, which attracted between 1,500 and 2,000 protesters. They were met by 500 counter-protesters led by Pōneke Anti-Fascist Coalition. According to Wellington District Commander Superintendent Corrie Parnell, protesters, counter-protesters and the public were generally well behaved with no reported problems, arrests, or trespass orders being issued. During the Parliament protest, Tamaki launch a new umbrella political party called "Freedoms NZ" which consists of the New Nation Party, Vision New Zealand, and the NZ Outdoors & Freedom Party.

On 28 September 2023, Tamaki and his wife Hannah led a TFRC protest against a scheduled "Agenda 2030" conference at the New Zealand Parliament in Wellington. They along with Outdoors Party leader Sue Grey addressed the protesters. Members of the Pōneke Anti-Fascist Coalition staged a counter-protest outside Parliament. The Coalition's march coincided with similar protest activities in Wellington organised by Julian Batchelor's Stop Co-Governance movement, the farming advocacy group Groundswell NZ, and a gang hīkoi protesting against the National and ACT parties' anti-gang policies.

Response to Cyclone Gabrielle
In March 2023, Tamaki blamed pornography, abortion, and gay rights for the devastation in the eastern North Island caused by Cyclone Gabrielle. Tamaki made these statements during an hour long sermon based on the Old Testament Book of Leviticus. He also claimed that Gisborne and Hastings had the highest number of pornography consumers in New Zealand. Tamaki's remarks were condemned by Mayor of Gisborne Rehette Stoltz, who described them as "disappointing, unhelpful and laughable."

Publications

 A Nation under Siege: A social disaster has hit our nation (2005) Directed by J Cardno. Rated M. DVD format.
 Tamaki, Brian (2006). Bishop Brian Tamaki: More than meets the eye. Auckland: Tamaki Publications, Destiny Churches New Zealand.

References

External links

 Destiny Church

1958 births
Living people
Māori politicians
New Zealand evangelical leaders
People from Te Awamutu
Television evangelists
Christian fundamentalists
New Zealand anti-abortion activists
New Zealand religious leaders
Leaders of political parties in New Zealand
Unsuccessful candidates in the 2023 New Zealand general election

Brian Tamaki


Carl Groos Jockusch Jr. (born July 13, 1941, in San Antonio, Texas) is an American mathematician. He graduated from Alamo Heights High School in 1959, attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, and transferred to Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania in 1960, where he received his B.A. in 1963 with Highest Honors. He then enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. In 2014, he became a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

In 1972 Jockusch and Robert I. Soare proved the low basis theorem, an important result in mathematical logic with applications to recursion theory and reverse mathematics.

See also
Jockusch–Soare forcing
Semi-membership

References

External links
 Professional homepage

20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1941 births
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Swarthmore College alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni

Carl Jockusch


Philip "Phil" Francis Bates (born 19 June 1931) is an English jazz double bassist.

Bates was born in Brixton, London.  After playing regular gigs at London's 51 Club with Harry Klein and Vic Ash throughout 1956, he joined The Jazz Couriers with Tubby Hayes and Ronnie Scott. After the Couriers disbanded, Bates toured with Sarah Vaughan and played with the Lennie Metcalfe Band on the Cunard liner the RMS Mauretania.

In the early 1960s he worked with Johnny Dankworth and Ronnie Ross, among others, before joining Dick Morrissey's Quartet from October 1962 until 1968. During that period he also played with the Harry South Big Band, as did the other members of the quartet, and with the Tony Kinsey Quintet. In 1968 he played briefly again with Tubby Hayes.

From 1968 on, he worked as a session musician, accompanying visiting US artists such as Sonny Stitt, Jimmy Witherspoon, Judy Collins and Tom Paxton, before spending five years touring Europe with Stéphane Grappelli in the late 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s, he led his own trio and gave tuition.

References
John Chilton, Who's Who of British Jazz, 2004. Continuum International Publishing Group,

1931 births
Living people
British jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
English jazz musicians
Musicians from Brixton
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century British male musicians

Phil Bates (jazz musician)


Gaius Julius Silanus was a Roman senator and general who held a series of offices in the emperor's service. He was suffect consul for the nundinium of January to April 92 as the colleague of Quintus Junius Arulenus Rusticus. Silanus is known solely through inscriptions.

Ronald Syme speculates Silanus came from Tres Galliae, and adds that "the cognomen need have nothing to do with the aristocratic Junii Silani." He was co-opted into the Arval Brethren on 22 January 86 to replace the recently deceased Gaius Vipstanus Apronianus. While he was appointed magister in the year 87, he was absent from the records of the sodales for the rest of that year, and again from 89 to 91; Syme speculates Silanus was absent due to imperial appointment either to command a legion or to govern one of the eight imperial praetorian provinces.

References

Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Silanus
1st-century Romans

Gaius Julius Silanus


Ernest C. Wilson Jr. (May 15, 1924 – August 18, 1992) was an American architect and real estate developer based in Newport Beach, California. He designed many office buildings in San Diego and Orange County, as well as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. With partners Robert E. Langdon Jr. and Hans Mumper, he designed the Getty Villa in the Pacific Palisades as well as the Bank of America Building in Beverly Hills. As President of Koll International, he masterplanned and developed many hotels and golf clubs in Baja California, Mexico.

Early life
Ernest Clifford Wilson Jr. was born on May 15, 1924, in Burbank, California. He graduated from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, where he studied Architecture and played football with the Trojans.

Career

In 1949, he partnered with fellow USC graduate in Architecture Robert E. Langdon Jr. to form an architectural firm. Two years later, in 1951, they officially founded Langdon Wilson. The firm had offices in Los Angeles and Newport Beach.  While Langdon oversaw design projects in the LA area, Wilson took care of projects in and around Newport Beach. However, Wilson is credited with co-designing at least two buildings in Los Angeles County with Langdon: the Getty Villa in the Pacific Palisades and the Bank of America Building in Beverly Hills.

He designed high-rise buildings in San Diego and Orange County. He was also the master planner of the Irvine Spectrum in Irvine and the Koll Center Financial Plaza in Newport Beach. Moreover, he oversaw the designs of the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, named for U.S. President Richard M. Nixon.

Additionally, he served as the President of Koll International, a real estate development firm. He masterplanned and developed many hotels and golf resorts in Baja California, Mexico.

He was a member of the American Institute of Architects. He served on the board of directors of the Newport Harbor Art Museum.

Personal life
He was married to Shirley Wilson. They had two sons, Peter Wilson and Ernest Wilson, III, and a daughter, Caroline (Wilson) Grazioli. They resided in Newport Beach, where he was a member of the Newport Harbor Yacht Club. He was also a pilot and yachtsman, competing in regattas aboard his yacht called Westerly.

Death
He died on August 18, 1992, at the Hoag Hospital in Newport Beach, California. He was sixty-eight years old.

References

Architects from California
Historicist architects
1924 births
1992 deaths
People associated with the J. Paul Getty Museum
People from Burbank, California
People from Newport Beach, California
USC School of Architecture alumni
USC Trojans football players
20th-century American architects

Ernest C. Wilson Jr.


The Statue of Margaret Cruickshank is located in Seddon Square, in the small rural town of Waimate, New Zealand. It honours the life of Margaret Cruickshank, a local doctor who died in the influenza pandemic of 1918, and was the first monument erected in New Zealand to a woman other than Queen Victoria.

The residents of Waimate approached sculptor William Trethewey, who had worked on a number of war memorials in Christchurch, to design the memorial statue. Trethewey worked from photographs and created a plaster cast which was displayed in a shop window in the town to enable locals to comment on it. He then returned to his workshop in Christchurch to create the sculpture, which he created from Italian Carrara marble. The completed statue measures 3.3 metres tall, and depicts Cruickshank in academic robes, holding a Bible in her left hand. At the base are the words "The Beloved Physician/Faithful unto Death". For many years, a bowl of fresh flowers was placed at the foot of the memorial.

The memorial was unveiled on 25 July 1923 at a memorial service for Cruickshank. The speakers at the ceremony included Cruickshank's former classmate Dr Emily Siedeberg, representing the New Zealand Medical Women's Association, the Member of Parliament for Waitaki, John Bitchener, and the chair of the Waimate County Council, Thomas Lawson Hart. Miss M. Allen was also present, as a representative of the Otago University Women's Association. The unveiling was performed by Cruickshank's landlady of 23 years, Mrs Barclay.

References

Monuments and memorials to women
Monuments and memorials to scientists
1923 sculptures
Waimate
Outdoor sculptures in New Zealand
Cruickshank, Margaret
Cultural depictions of New Zealand women
Cultural depictions of physicians
Statues in New Zealand

Statue of Margaret Cruickshank


The Dongfeng 5, or DF5 for short, () is a diesel-electric locomotive used by China Railway in the People's Republic of China. It has been in production since 1976 and is still produced as of 2006 by several local companies. It is the most common road switcher in China and is used for yard and road switching duties. A small number are also in service with the Korean State Railway in North Korea.

Description

In 1975, to meet a need for new and more powerful switchers, the Tangshan Locomotive & Rolling Stock Works, the Dalian Locomotive Works and the Dalian Locomotive Research Institute began a cooperative development effort on a new engine based on the 16V240ZJ diesel engine used in the Dongfeng 4, to be used in the development of a new locomotive, the DF5.

By the end of 1975, the Tangshan and Dalian plants completed a successful trial of the first Model 8240Z inline 8-cylinder diesel engine, including a variety of performance tests and a 100-hour reliability test; the 8240Z was essentially half of a 16V240ZJ, producing . In January 1976, the first DF5, DF5 0001, was rolled out at Tangshan. The DF5 has many features in common with the DF4, such as the bogies, the electrical system and other major components. DF5 0001 subsequently underwent testing at Fengtai West Station yard, which provided data for further enhancements to improve the performance and reliability of the locomotive.

On 26 July 1976, the day before the Tangshan earthquake, the second unit, DF5 0002, was completed. The factory was severely damaged in the quake, and over 1,700 employees were killed; despite this, less than two months later, in September 1976 the second unit left the factory, and production work resumed. Between the end of 1976 and 1979, a temporary facility was erected at the Tangshan plant, where 25 DF5s were then produced. This early batch of DF5s has since been nicknamed "Earthquake." By 1981, the Tangshan plant had produced 32 locomotives of the type.

The units produced after the earthquake suffered from relatively poor quality of the main components, the poor matching of the turbocharger with the diesel engine, poor performance and other problems. To further improve the DF5, the Ministry of Railways halted the production of DF5s at Tangshan, the Dalian Locomotive Works began work on redesigning the locomotive and the 8240Z diesel engine.

In 1983, the Dalian works redesigned the 8-cylinder inline 8240Z, turning it into a V8 with equal performance, designated 8240ZJ; in 1984, the first Dalian-built unit, DF5 1001, left the factory and was assigned to the Jinan locomotive depot for service testing. The redesigned locomotive not only eliminated the excessive vibration and other shortcomings, but improved significantly upon the initial and continuous tractive effort.

By an order of the Industrial Development Bureau of the Ministry of Railways, the improved DF5 was ordered into full serial production at the Qingdao Sifang Locomotive Works.

From 1994, new DF5s were built with the improved 8240ZJC engine, producing ; a total of 251 were built (numbers 1701 to 1951). In 1989, Sifang produced 26 units for operation along the Sino-Soviet border. Of these, eleven (numbers 4001 to 4011) were built for operation on Russian-gauge track (), the remaining 25 (numbers 5001-5015) were for standard-gauge use. These are assigned to the locomotive depots at Ürümqi, Jining and Mudanjiang.

In 2001, Sifang developed a much improved version of the DF5 that addressed many of the problems associated with the previous types. By 2006, 132 locomotives of the new design had been built (numbers 1952 to 2083).

As of 2006, Tangshan, Dalian and Sifang have produced over 1,100 locomotives of class DF5 between them.

Preserved units
 DF5 0007 at the Beijing Railway Museum;
 DF5 0011 as an instructional unit and Shandong Vocational College;
 DF5 1043 at the Shenyang Railway Museum.

North Korea

At least eight units have been delivered second-hand to the Korean State Railway, where they work on local passenger and freight as well as shunting duties around North Korea, including at P'yŏngyang and Namyang. They are numbered 내연101 to 내연108 (내연 = Naeyŏn, "internal combustion") and retain the blue and white China Railway livery.

References

External links

 China CNR Corporation Limited,The Dongfeng 5 Shunting diesel locomotive Products  (Simplified Chinese)

Diesel-electric locomotives of China
Diesel-electric locomotives of North Korea
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1976
Standard gauge locomotives of China
Standard gauge locomotives of North Korea
CRRC Tangshan

China Railway DF5


The 25th Airborne Division () was an airborne unit of the French Army. Constituted at the end of 1945, the division was created on February 1, 1946 and was dissolved during the Indochina War in June 1948; it did not serve in Indochina as an entire division.

History
Following the end of World War II, France planned to create two Airborne Divisions, organized similarly to United States airborne formations. The first to be created, the 24th Airborne Division, was dissolved after only three months due to a chronic lack of troops. The infantry of the 24th DAP and its 24th CEP were transferred to the 25th Motorized Infantry Division, which was used to form the 25th Airborne Division on February 1, 1946. The new division was formed in southwest France with its headquarters at Bayonne.

From its creation, it suffered from shortcomings in manpower and equipment – for air transport, the division had only the Junkers Ju 52, Douglas C-47 Dakota, and the SNCASE SE.161 Languedoc, the last intended for towing gliders because it was not suitable for airborne troops.

The troops of the division included units that had fought in World War II – the 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment (RCP), the 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment, which had just merged with the 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment and the 4th R.I.A. S.A.S., and the 1st Choc Airborne Infantry Regiment (RICAP), made up of the combined shock units of the 1st Army.

In order to strengthen French control in Algeria and prevent an uprising, the 25th Division was transferred there in April 1946. The division headquarters was in Algiers and then Philippeville, the 1st RCP in the Sétif area, the 2nd RCP in the Constantine area between Philippeville, Bone, and Guelma, and the 1st RICAP near Algiers.Unable to develop as planned, it was reorganized multiple times, first in September 1946, when its structure was revised to include three Independent Airborne Groups (GAP). GAPs 1 and 2 were combat units, while GAP 3 would become responsible for training in France. GAP 1 was located around Constantine, GAP 2 in Morocco, and GAP 3 would form during 1947 in the 5th Military Region in France. The division headquarters was relocated to Pau while a deputy in North Africa was appointed.  The division commander took command of the Airborne Troops Training Center in Pau, but this arrangement was brief, as in November the training center and the 11th Choc Battalion were attached to the inspector of the Airborne Troops in Paris.

The unit was reorganized a final time in February 1947 to prepare for the formation of GAP 3 and the detachment of elements to the intensifying Indochina War. The 1st RCP formed the infantry of GAP 1, although two of its battalions had already been deployed to Indochina, the 42nd Demi-Brigade formed that of GAP 2, and GAP 3 was formed later that year from the 18th BIP, the 3rd Battalion of the 2nd RCP, and the 5th BPIC, which were part of its subordinate 43rd Demi-Brigade.

During these tenures, other constitutions witnessed formations. The 1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment, 2nd Parachute Chasseur Regiment and 1st Choc Airborne Infantry Regiment 1er R.I.C.A.P formed in 1946, the S.A.S Parachute Demi-Brigade.

As a result of the number of men sent to reinforce the forces in Indochina with the demi-brigade of colonial parachute commandos on 1 October 1947, the 25th Airborne Division and GAP 2 were dissolved in June 1948.

Commanders

1945–1946 : général Bonjour
1946–1948 : général Demetz

Subordinate units

Adjoint : général Lecoq
G.A.P 1 : commandant Noiret
G.A.P 2 : colonel Brissaut-Demaillet
G.A.P 3 : lieutenant-colonel Bastiani
42e Demi-Brigade : colonel Vergoz
43e Demi-Brigade : colonel Ailleret

See also
Moroccan Division
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
List of French paratrooper units

References

Sources and Bibliographies
Gaujac, Paul, Histoire des parachutistes français, Société de Production Littéraire, 1975.

Airborne divisions of France
Military units and formations established in 1946
Military units and formations disestablished in 1948

25th Airborne Division (France)


Kimberly Birrell (born 29 April 1998) is an Australian professional tennis player. Birrell reached a career-high WTA ranking of 100 on 18 September 2023. She has won five singles titles and one doubles title on the ITF Circuit.

Personal life
Birrell was born in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 29 April 1998 to Australian parents. Her father, John, was working as a tennis coach in Germany at the time of her birth and shortly after relocated his family to Wodonga, Victoria. The family then settled on the Gold Coast, Queensland when Birrell was three years of age as her father took up a role as the head coach of Pat Cash's Tennis Academy. She began playing tennis at the age of four and switched training bases to the Queens Park Tennis Centre in 2008 when her father began managing the club. Queens Park had previously produced top 20 tennis players such as Bernard Tomic and Samantha Stosur, the latter of whom would train with Birrell when visiting the club. Birrell attended Coomera Anglican College during her schooling years and graduated in 2015.

Junior career
Birrell began playing on the ITF Junior Circuit under-18 events in July 2011 as a 13-year-old. She reached her first junior final a year later in Sydney and came out victorious over Pamela Boyanov in three sets. Following a strong 2012 season, she made her junior Grand Slam debut at the 2013 Australian Open at 14 years of age and was beaten by Sweden's Rebecca Peterson in straight sets. She continued to improve her junior ranking throughout 2013 by reaching two finals.

She entered the 2014 Australian Open unseeded and caused several upsets on her way to the semifinals. In the semifinals, she was defeated by Croatian player Jana Fett. She went on to compete in all the remaining majors throughout 2014 and reached her highest junior ranking of 18 in the world. Birrell competed in three junior Grand Slam events in 2015 but mostly focused on the women's tour.

Professional career
Birrell competed in her first professional event at the Bendigo Tennis Centre in October 2012 at the age of 14. She gained her first professional ranking point a year later with a straight sets win over Elizabeth James after receiving a wildcard into the main draw of a tournament held in her home state of Queensland. She finished 2013 with a professional singles ranking of 847.

2014: Doubles debut on WTA Tour

Birrell was awarded a wildcard into the doubles main draw of the Hobart International with compatriot Olivia Tjandramulia, where they lost in the first round to second seeds Lisa Raymond and Zhang Shuai.

In November, Birrell was given wildcards to the two Bendigo International tournaments. In her debut at a $50k event, she defeated world No. 351, Veronika Kapshay, in straight sets.

2015: Grand Slam doubles debut

In 2015, Birrell was awarded a qualifying wildcard into the Hobart International, but lost to Vitalia Diatchenko in straight sets. She was then given a wildcard for the Australian Open qualifying where she fell to Kateryna Bondarenko, in three sets. She also made her major main-draw debut, after getting one of seven team wildcards in women's doubles, alongside Priscilla Hon, but lost to the fifth seeds, Raquel Kops-Jones and Abigail Spears.

In March, Birrell qualified for and made the first ITF Circuit final of her career in Mildura, but lost to compatriot Alison Bai, in straight sets. Birrell didn't play between April–September, but returned to Australia to play in Tweed Heads, Cairns, Toowoomba, Brisbane, and Canberra. Her best results were a final in Brisbane and a semifinal in Canberra.

She finished the year with a ranking of No. 361.

2016: Major & WTA Tour singles debut & first final in doubles
Birrell was awarded a wildcard into the qualifying rounds of the Brisbane International, but lost to eventual main-draw semifinalist Samantha Crawford.

Birrell made her WTA Tour debut after being awarded a wildcard into the main draw at the Hobart International. She won 6–4, 6–3 against world No. 57, Danka Kovinić from Montenegro. She lost in round two to Dominika Cibulková. In the same tournament, she partnered Jarmila Wolfe in the doubles where they made the final.

Birrell was awarded a wildcard into the Australian Open but she lost in round one to ninth seed Karolína Plíšková, 4–6, 4–6.
In February, Birrell made her Fed Cup debut against Dominika Cibulková, she lost 3–6, 1–6. Shortly after, she suffered a right elbow injury, sidelining her for the rest of the year.

Birrell ended 2016 with a ranking of No. 584.

2017: First ITF Circuit singles title
Birrell and her doubles partner, Priscilla Hon, were given a wildcard into the Australian Open, losing in the first round to Sam Stosur and Zhang Shuai. Six months later, Birrell and doubles partner Caroline Dolehide made the final of the ITF tournament in Winnipeg, Canada, losing to Hiroko Kuwata and Valeria Savinykh in two sets (a win would have marked Birrell's best win at an ITF tournament to date). The next week, in Gatineau, Birrell and her new doubles partner, Emily Webley-Smith of Great Britain, lost in the final to the same duo - Kuwata and Savinykh - in a third-set tiebreak. Birrell came back at the end of September with a run to the final in the Penrith International, losing to Olivia Rogowska in two sets. The following week in Brisbane, Birrell won her first ITF singles title by beating American Asia Muhammad in a tight three-setter.

2018: Top 300 debut
Birrell lost in the first round of qualifying in Brisbane, Sydney and the Melbourne. In August, she qualified for and reached her first quarterfinal of the year at the Landisville Tennis Challenge. In September, Kimberly reached the quarterfinals of the Cairns Tennis International before winning her second career ITF singles title in Darwin, where she also reached the final of the doubles. In December 2018, she won the Australian Open Wildcard Playoffs.

She ended 2018 with a singles ranking of No. 285.

2019: Australian Open third round, first top-10 win, elbow injury and hiatus
Birrell commenced 2019 with a wildcard into the Brisbane International, where she claimed her first top 10 win over Daria Kasatkina.

At the 2019 Australian Open, Birrell had defeated Paula Badosa in round one, earning her first Grand Slam main-draw win before upsetting the 29th seed Donna Vekić, in the second round. She lost her third-round match against three time major champion and second seed Angelique Kerber, in straight sets.

In February, Birrell reached the second round of the Launceston International, before returning to the Australian Fed Cup team. She played Madison Keys in the first round of the 2019 Fed Cup World Group and lost the match, but Australia won the tie.
In April, she reached the quarterfinal of the Hardee's Pro Classic in Alabama.

Birrell lost in the first round of qualifying in the 2019 French Open and Wimbledon. Wimbledon was Birrell's last competitive match for over a year due to an elbow injury.

2021: Comeback, Loss of form and second hiatus
Birrell played her first competitive match in 18 months at the Yarra Valley Classic, where she lost in round one. She was given a wildcard into the Australian Open where she lost in round one to Rebecca Marino. In February 2021, she made the third round of the Phillip Island Trophy. It would be her final tournament for the year.

Birrell ended the season with a singles ranking of No. 740.

2022: Comeback
In January 2022, she played her first match in eleven months, at the Melbourne Summer Set 1, where she defeated Martina Trevisan in the first round of qualifying before losing to Lesley Pattinama Kerkhove in the final qualifying round.

Birrell then made the third and final round of the 2022 Australian Open – Women's singles qualifying.

2023: First WTA singles quarterfinal & doubles final, WTA 1000 debut, top 100, Australian No. 1

At the Australian Open she received a wildcard into the main draw, after Venus Williams withdrawal, and defeated 31st seed Kaia Kanepi in a three set match lasting two hours and 32 minutes. It was her first Grand Slam main draw win in four years, the third top-30 career win and the fourth top-50 one.
She reached a new career high ranking of No. 136 on 13 February 2023, following her fourth ITF title.

At the Mérida Open, she reached her first quarterfinal as a qualifier but lost to Caty McNally. She reached a new career high ranking of No. 116 on 27 February 2023. At the Monterrey Open, she reached her second WTA Tour doubles final partnering local favorite Fernanda Contreras Gómez after receiving a wildcard.
She made her WTA 1000 debut in Indian Wells as a qualifier.

She made her debut at the 2023 French Open as a wildcard.
She also made her US Open debut as a lucky loser. As a result, and also following reaching the semifinals at an ITF W100 event in Tokyo, she reached the top 100 on 18 September 2023.

National representation

Fed Cup
Birrell made her debut for the Australia Fed Cup team in February 2016 against Slovakia at the age of 17. She was selected to compete against Dominika Cibulková in the fourth rubber of the tie and was defeated 6–3, 6–1.

Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.

Singles
Current through the 2023 Canadian Open.

Doubles
Current through the 2023 US Open.

WTA Tour finals

Doubles: 2 (2 runner-ups)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 10 (5 titles, 5 runner–ups)

Doubles: 5 (1 title, 4 runner–ups)

Head-to-head statistics

Wins over top 10 players

Notes

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Düsseldorf
Australian female tennis players
German female tennis players
German people of Australian descent
Sportswomen from Queensland
Tennis people from the Gold Coast
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Germany

Kimberly Birrell


Benjamin Weinreb (1912–1999) was a British bookseller and expert on the history of London who in 1968 sold his entire stock to the University of Texas. He developed a specialism in books about architecture about which his catalogues became important references in themselves.

Early life
Weinreb was born in Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire. He attended the Whitgift School in Croydon but left at age 18 without any qualifications. He was dealing in books from a young age and soon after he left school, he bought an inscribed book by Max Beerbohm for sixpence,  (half of a shilling), from a barrow in Charing Cross Road and sold it on to a dealer for five shillings, ten times as much. He was taken on by Foyle's bookshop to fill shelves but was sacked for lateness. He tried his hand at writing about theatre with part-time bookselling but did not start his first proper book dealing business, "Dipsas", until 1945.

Bookseller
Weinreb had offices in New Oxford Street, then Bloomsbury Mansions (opposite the British Museum) followed by 39 Great Russell Street. His catalogues set new standards for detail and prices and he worked with specialists in other fields, for maps and religious books, when he needed to. He was always prepared to buy large lots whether he had the cash flow to justify the purchase or not and his readiness to do deals sometimes frustrated his partners.

Writing
Weinreb was the compiler of the first edition of The London Encyclopaedia, published in 1983.

Family
Weinreb was married to the textile designer Kay Lazarus, and later Joan Kingdom Row who predeceased him.  He had three children: Lindy with Kay, and Matthew and Deborah with Joan.

References

External links
The Ben Weinreb Collection of Architectural Drawings

1912 births
1999 deaths
British booksellers
People from Halifax, West Yorkshire
Historians of London
20th-century British businesspeople

Ben Weinreb


Kikyō may refer to:
Platycodon, species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant native to East Asia
Kikyō Station, JR railway station in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

Works
Kikyō (novel), 1948 Japanese novel by Jirō Osaragi
 (帰郷), 1950 Japanese film for which Shin Saburi won the Mainichi Film Award for Best Actor
"Kikyō", 1992 chapter of manga series Master Keaton
"Kikyō" or "The Return", 2003 chapter of manga series Naruto
"Kikyō", 2005 episode of anime series Shuffle!
"Kikyō" or "Back to the City", 2008 chapter of manga series Boys on the Run
"Kikyō" or "Homecoming", 2008 episode of anime series D.Gray-man
"Kikyō", 2008 episode of Marvel Anime
"Kikyō" or "Homecoming", 2014 chapter of manga series Vinland Saga

Fictional characters
Kikyo, recurring character in manga and anime series Inuyasha
Kikyō Yoshikawa, character in light novel series A Certain Magical Index
Kikyo Zoldyck, character in manga series Hunter × Hunter
Kikyō, real name of Gengan in anime series Koihime Musō

See also
Kikyō-mon, gate in Edo Castle, Tokyo
Article about the 1950 film on Japanese Wikipedia

Kikyō


Darren Evans (born November 9, 1988) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2011. He played college football at Virginia Tech.

Early years
Evans attended Warren Central High School in Indianapolis, Indiana. As a sophomore, he had 309 attempts for 2,248 yards and 27 touchdowns. As a senior, he was awarded Indiana's Mr. Football Award in 2006 (an honor given to the top high school football player in the state of Indiana) with 288 attempts 2731 yards and 61 touchdowns.

College career

2008 season
On November 6, 2008, Evans broke Mike Imoh's school single-game rushing record, rushing for 253 yards against Maryland. Evans is also the only player in school history to rush for a touchdown during each of his first six games.

Evans was named most valuable player in the 2009 Orange Bowl after gaining 153 yards on 28 carries, and scoring a game-clinching touchdown.

In 2009 summer practice, Evans tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee, which forced him to miss the 2009 season.

College statistics

Professional career

Indianapolis Colts
Evans was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent following the 2011 NFL Draft on July 26, 2011. Evans was released on September 20 but added to the practice squad on the 22nd. Evans was re-signed to the active roster on October 15, 2011. He was released by Indianapolis on August 31, 2012.

Tennessee Titans
Evans was signed to the Tennessee Titans practice squad September 3, 2012. He was released on April 19, 2013.

References

External links
Virginia Tech Hokies bio
Interview with Evans and his coach

1988 births
Living people
American football running backs
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
Players of American football from Indianapolis
Indianapolis Colts players
Tennessee Titans players

Darren Evans


Borderline was a comics magazine created by former Comics International news and features editor Phill Hall, which was published from 2001 to 2003. Borderline was the first PDF comics magazine available to read on a computer or as a print-out.

Borderline was a cross between The Comics Journal and the NME, with a heavy mix of mainstream American/British and international comic books. Comic books and creators from countries such as Brazil, Poland, and the Philippines were featured alongside American and British comic book icons.

History
Borderline was launched as a free download in August 2001. Founder Phill Hall said in a 2007 interview with Comics Village that the decision to create Borderline came from the growing number of grassroots comics fans who wanted more than just to read magazines about Marvel and DC comics. The magazine's remit was to highlight areas of the comics industry that were neglected by the other magazines about comics.

By issue #3, the magazine had gained an audience of over 150,000 readers, much of this due to features on Brazilian and South American comics. Hall attributes the publicity gained in South America from the magazine's good relationship with Mauricio de Sousa Produções, Brazil's leading comics publisher.

Due to Borderline'''s large readership and independent bias, the magazine had exclusive interviews with people who wouldn't normally give interviews, such as Chris Ware, Steve Gerber, and Charles Burns.

Despite the success, after twenty monthly issues and one special, the magazine folded in March 2003, shortly after it started to charge $1. According to the magazine's publisher, Martin Shipp, only an average of 100 people paid to buy issues 17 to 20 of the magazine, with the majority of those sales from either South America, Europe or comics creators who had been featured in the magazine's pages. Sales in countries where the magazine was intended to target, UK or USA, were nominal.

In October 2003, Phill Hall and Martin Shipp attended the Łódź comic convention. Invited as one of the major guests for the event (along with Pat Mills and Clint Langley), Shipp said in an interview that it was "one of the most humbling experiences of my life. A place where the people behind the scenes are treated just as importantly as the people who produce the actual comics."  Hall said on his blog in 2008, "It was a fitting swan song to the project, but it left us feeling like we owed Europe and South America far more than any of the people we thought we were doing it for. It was a valiant experiment, which by today's standards, still stands up extremely well."

The following summer, the Borderline Summer Special was released, still a PDF but in standard magazine format; the slimmed-down editorial team made promises of new issues, but none have yet to materialise. Former Borderline features editor Jay Eales later recently resurrected much of the content, aiming it at a new audience, via his website .

Content
Regular features in Borderline included columns by Kevin Hill (manga), Mike Kidson (history of comics), Selina Locke (women in comics), Jay Eales (independent comics), as well as opinion columns from Martin Shipp, Andrew Cheverton, and others.

Notable contributors
The principal contributors to Borderline were Phill Hall, Martin Shipp, Mike Kidson, Andrew Cheverton, Arnold T. Blumberg, Carol Close, Jay Eales, Rik Offenberger Andrew Winter; press and publicity was handled by Danny Black.

Others involved in the magazine's creation and continuation included Mike Conroy, Pete Ashton, Andrew Luke, Paul Gravett, Ian Richardson, Frazer Irving, Kevin Schomburg, Selina Lock, Adrian Kermode & Terry Wiley, Christopher Spicer, and Paul Rainey.

 Awards
At the 2002 National Comics Awards in the United Kingdom, Borderline won the Best Specialist Magazine or Website award. The following year, despite having folded, the magazine finished second in the same category.

References

External links

 Fact or Fiction website; currently reprinting articles from early Borderline'' issues

Comics magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Downloadable magazines
Free magazines
Magazines about comics
Magazines established in 2001
Magazines disestablished in 2003

Borderline (magazine)


Metropolitan City of Rome Capital is an area of local government at the level of metropolitan city in the Lazio region in Italy. It includes the city of Rome and 120 other municipalities (comuni). With more than 4.3 million inhabitants, it is the third largest metropolitan city in Italy.

It was set up on 1 January 2015 by the terms of Law 142/1990 (Reform of local authorities) and by Law 56/2014. It replaced the Province of Rome.

2015 establishments in Italy

Metropolitan City of Rome Capital


Homer Virgil Van Meter (December 3, 1905 – August 23, 1934) was an American criminal and bank robber active in the early 20th century, most notably as a criminal associate of John Dillinger and Baby Face Nelson.

Biography

Early life
Van Meter was born to Cary B. Van Meter (1871–1918) and Julia Miller (1872–1924) in 1905 (according to other sources December 3, 1906) in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of an alcoholic railroad conductor. During the sixth grade, Van Meter ran away from home, eventually ending up in Chicago, Illinois, where he worked as a bellhop and a waiter.

He was arrested for the first time as a teenager, for drunk and disorderly conduct. In Aurora, Illinois, on June 23, 1923, Van Meter was sentenced to 41 days in jail for larceny. On January 11, 1924, he was sentenced for motor vehicle theft and incarcerated in Southern Illinois Penitentiary. At the time of his admission, he had a tattoo reading "HOPE" on one forearm.

Van Meter was paroled in December 1924. Three months later, he teamed up with an old cellmate to rob the passengers of a train in Crown Point, Indiana. He was caught and convicted of the crime, and received a sentence of 10 to 21 years, to be served in the Indiana Reformatory.

Meeting John Dillinger
While in the Indiana Reformatory, Van Meter met John Dillinger and Harry Pierpont. Whereas Van Meter befriended Dillinger, he and Pierpont openly despised each other, largely because of Van Meter's clowning antics and demeanor. On July 28, 1925, Van Meter's repeated joking and violation of the Indiana Reformatory rules earned him a transfer to the state prison at Michigan City.

Escape attempts
In January 1926, Van Meter was transported to Chicago to testify in defense of a man wrongly suspected of being his accomplice for the train robbery in Crown Point. He escaped from the transport at Union Station, but was quickly apprehended by his captors while begging for change on the street.  A week later, Van Meter attempted another escape, this time with cellmate Charles Stewart.  After sawing through the bars of their cell, the two beat a corrections officer unconscious but were caught before leaving the prison.  As a penalty, he spent the next two months in solitary confinement, where he was severely beaten by prison guards.

Crime wave

Afterwards, Van Meter affected a reformation sufficient to allow the parole board to release him on May 19, 1933, one week after Dillinger had made parole. On August 18, Van Meter aligned himself with Baby Face Nelson and Tommy Carroll to rob a bank in Grand Haven, Michigan. They got away with $30,000. On October 23, the trio, along with John Paul Chase and Charles "Chuck" Fisher, robbed a bank in Brainerd, Minnesota, escaping with $32,000. When Illinois published its list of "public enemies" at the end of 1933, Van Meter ranked 18th.

The Second Dillinger Gang
Dillinger broke out of prison in Crown Point, Indiana, on March 3, 1934. Dillinger and John "Red" Hamilton later joined the gang. On March 6, Dillinger, Nelson, Van Meter, Carroll, Eddie Green, and Hamilton robbed the Security National Bank & Trust Company in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The gang escaped with $49,500 to their hideout in St. Paul, Minnesota. One week later, on March 13, the men robbed the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa, for $52,000. On April 12, Dillinger and Van Meter robbed a police station in Warsaw, Indiana, stealing firearms and bulletproof vests.

Because of this level of criminal activity, Van Meter and the gang became the subject of an intense FBI manhunt. Eddie Green was ambushed and killed by the FBI on April 3. Days earlier, Van Meter, Dillinger, and Dillinger's girlfriend Billie Frechette had narrowly escaped from police in St. Paul after a gunfight. Later, on April 23, while fleeing from Little Bohemia Lodge, Dillinger, Van Meter and Hamilton were involved in a gun battle in Hastings, Minnesota. Hamilton was mortally wounded and died four days later at the house of Volney Davis. Dillinger, Van Meter, and members of the Barker Gang buried him in a gravel pit near Oswego, Illinois.

On May 3, Van Meter, Dillinger, and Carroll robbed the First National Bank in Fostoria, Ohio, during which Van Meter shot and wounded local police chief Frank Culp. The three spent most of May hiding in a woodland cabin near East Chicago, Indiana. On May 24, while driving a red panel truck, Van Meter and Dillinger were stopped by Detectives Martin O'Brien and Lloyd Mulvihill of the East Chicago Police Department. Van Meter gunned down both officers with his Tommy gun. On June 7, Carroll was killed in a gunfight in Waterloo, Iowa.

A few days later, in an attempt to conceal their identities, both Dillinger and Van Meter underwent plastic surgery at the hands of Wilhelm Loeser in the apartment of Jimmy Probasco, a bar owner connected to the Chicago Outfit. Loeser operated on Van Meter on June 3. Unsatisfied with the results and, not coincidentally, with the pain of the operation, Van Meter attempted to kill Loeser on the spot.

On June 30, Van Meter, Dillinger, Baby Face Nelson, and an unidentified fourth man robbed the Merchants National Bank in South Bend, Indiana. During the robbery, Van Meter shot and killed South Bend police officer Howard Wagner, but was also shot in the head himself and wounded. The fourth man, never identified, has been suggested at times to be Pretty Boy Floyd, Johnny Chase, or Fatso Negri. It was the last confirmed raid for all of the confirmed and suspected participants.

On July 22, 1934, a combined force of FBI agents led by Melvin Purvis and Samuel P. Cowley and East Chicago cops led by Detective Martin Zarkevych ambushed and gunned down John Dillinger outside the Biograph Theater in Chicago. That night, Van Meter and his girlfriend Marie Comforti fled to St. Paul.

Death
On August 23, at the corner of Marion Street and University Avenue in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Van Meter was confronted by four police officers, including Chief Frank Cullen, Detective Tom Brown, and two other men, all heavily armed with shotguns and Thompson submachine guns. Brown was a former police chief who had been notorious for his willingness to take bribes from criminals. Van Meter had previously helped to fund Brown's bid to become sheriff. By this time Brown had been demoted and was under investigation for corruption and allegations that he had been an accomplice to the Barker–Karpis gang in the kidnappings of William Hamm and Edward Bremer. The FBI were interviewing captured former criminal associates.

The officers later claimed Van Meter ignored their command to stop and fled into a nearby alley, where he fired twice on the officers with a .380 caliber pistol. Chief of Police Frank Cullen, armed with a rifle, held his fire as a bystander walked into the line of fire, but the remaining officers opened fire on Van Meter, who fell dead. He was 28 years old. Brown continued to fire at Van Meter as he lay prone; the impact of the bullets ripped off one finger and nearly severed a thumb and finger of the right hand. The body was found to be armed with a .380 caliber Colt automatic pistol. The number and severity of Van Meter's wounds were attributed to the use of the shotguns; Van Meter's family later said that their kin had been used for "target practice".

According to Ramsey County Coroner, he was hit by 26 buckshot slugs and a single machine gun bullet – all entry wounds in the back. The four officers reported $1,323 found on Van Meter, although his friends and associates claimed he was carrying at least $10,000 on that day. A number of explanations of who betrayed Van Meter to the police have been advanced since his death, including Baby Face Nelson, with whom he had quarreled, St. Paul Jewish-American organized crime leader Harry Sawyer and his German-American underling Jack Peifer, and local St. Paul bank robber Tommy Gannon.

According to a 1939 FBI interview of one Thomas Kirwin, a handyman who worked on Harry Sawyer's farm north of St. Paul, and who had harbored both Gannon and Van Meter there, Gannon betrayed Van Meter to the St. Paul police in collusion with Peifer and Sawyer, who split $10,000 or so of Homer Van Meter's money with Detective Brown, while Gannon was given Van Meter's guns. That same year, the FBI announced that it believed Sawyer had set up Van Meter to get at his money, splitting the take with the four ranking officers who did the shooting. Van Meter was buried in Lindenwood Cemetery, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.

Other media

In film
In John Milius' film Dillinger (1973), Homer Van Meter was portrayed by actor Harry Dean Stanton; incorrectly he is shown escaping from the Little Bohemia ambush and later being killed by small town vigilantes.
In the television movie The Kansas City Massacre (1975), Van Meter was portrayed by actor Brion James.
In the Michael Mann film Public Enemies (2009), Homer Van Meter is portrayed by actor Stephen Dorff. He is portrayed as being shot to death along with Baby Face Nelson by Melvin Purvis (Christian Bale) after a car chase from Little Bohemia, when in reality, Van Meter escaped unharmed with Dillinger, Tommy Carroll, and Hamilton. The film also portrays Van Meter as being one of the escapees in the September 26, 1933 breakout from Michigan City arranged by Dillinger, though in reality, he had made parole just after Dillinger.
Actor Christopher Berry was cast to portray Homer Van Meter in an unreleased British film adaptation of Stephen King's "The Death of Jack Hamilton".

In radio and television
Homer Van Meter was the subject of an episode of the Gang Busters radio show on April 15, 1936, which later became the 10th episode of the first season of the 1952 TV series of the same name.  On the TV show, Van Meter was portrayed by actor Richard Crane.

In print
The Stephen King short story "The Death of Jack Hamilton" (2001) is told from Van Meter's perspective and portrays an alternative history wherein he did not die in 1934 and lived long enough to recall John F. Kennedy's assassination.

References

External links
FBI wanted poster
Death certificate

1905 births
1934 deaths
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
American murderers
American bank robbers
Prisoners and detainees of Indiana
Depression-era gangsters
American people of Dutch descent
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
Deaths by firearm in Minnesota
Prisoners and detainees of Illinois
People murdered by law enforcement officers in the United States

Homer Van Meter


Victoria Loren Kelly (born December 14, 1992) is an American singer-songwriter. She first gained recognition after posting videos on YouTube as a teenager, and made it through to Hollywood week on the ninth season of American Idol in 2010. Thereafter, she independently released her self-produced debut EP in 2012, Handmade Songs.

In 2013, after Scooter Braun became her manager, Kelly signed with Capitol Records. Her second EP and first major-label release, Foreword (2013), followed soon after. Kelly's debut studio album Unbreakable Smile (2015) peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States with its lead single, "Nobody Love", marking her first appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Kelly was nominated for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards, and voiced Meena in the animated film Sing (2016), which she reprised in the 2021 sequel, Sing 2. Her second studio album Hiding Place (2018) peaked at number 35 on the Billboard 200 chart and received two Grammy Awards, for Best Gospel Album and Best Gospel Performance/Song, respectively. In 2019, Kelly released her third studio album Inspired by True Events followed by her fourth studio album in 2020, A Tori Kelly Christmas which also marked her first Christmas album.

Life and career

Early life and career beginnings
Victoria Loren Kelly was born in Wildomar, California. Her father, Allwyn, is of Afro-Jamaican and Puerto Rican ancestry, while her mother, Laura, is of Irish and German descent. She has a younger brother named Noah. Growing up, she was exposed to a variety of music by her parents. "I give them a lot of credit for just playing all different genres, and no genre was off limits," she said when asked about her upbringing. Kelly is a Christian. Faith plays a part in her songwriting, though she does not consider herself a part of the Christian music genre. Kelly appeared on the show Star Search, but lost to vocalist Tiffany Evans, who won the title of Junior Champion in the junior singer division.

In 2004, she participated on America's Most Talented Kids, singing Christina Aguilera's "Keep on Singin' My Song" and won, beating out musician Hunter Hayes. She made a second appearance on the show in the Tournament of Champions, but lost to Antonio Pontarelli, a rock musician. At age twelve, Kelly accepted a record deal with Geffen Records, but both sides agreed to end the contract due to creative differences. In 2007, Kelly began posting videos to YouTube, at the age of 14. The first video she uploaded was a cover of John Wesley Work Jr.'s "Go Tell It on the Mountain", which she originally performed back in December 2004. Kelly gained recognition for her acoustic cover, with a fellow YouTuber named Angie Girl, of Frank Ocean's "Thinkin Bout You".

Despite failing to reach the top 24 on American Idol, she took a new tack in her music, learning how to play the guitar, composing original song pieces, and recording them herself on her computer. Tori began posting her performances on YouTube, and quickly reached over 1,000,000 subscribers.

2010–2014: Handmade Songs by Tori Kelly and Foreword

In 2010, Tori auditioned for Season 9 of American Idol in Denver, Colorado and made it through to Hollywood Week but did not reach the "Top 24" of the artists. She had claimed that she was 'devastated' but she had given it her all. Afterwards, she was asked to take part in a youth version of the 1985 charity song "We Are the World" titled "We Are the World: The Next Generation". On May 1, 2012, she released her first EP, titled Handmade Songs by Tori Kelly, which was released on her own label, Toraay Records. Kelly wrote, produced, engineered, and recorded the EP by herself in her bedroom. Shortly after its release, the EP made it to the Top 10 Pop Albums list on iTunes. She called the EP a "warm up" to a full-length album that was to come in the future. As of 2013, it had sold more than 14,000 copies and reached number nine on the US Heatseekers Albums chart.

In February 2013, Kelly released a single called "Fill a Heart", which she wrote for the "Child Hunger Ends Here" campaign by ConAgra Foods and Feeding America. The song was later performed by British boy band The Wanted on Dancing With the Stars. Starting in April 2013, Kelly performed at eight venues across continental U.S. for her "Fill a Heart" tour, helping out at the cities' food banks during the day. She has performed in venues such as the Troubador and the Roxy in Los Angeles, the Gramercy Theater in New York and Bush Hall in London. She has also been featured in magazines such as Teen Vogue, Elle and Glamour.

During mid-2013, Kelly's newly assigned manager Scooter Braun introduced her to the heads of Capitol Records. She had been "very skeptical" about signing with a major record label in fear that things would not work out in her favor. "I'd been burned before. But when I met those guys, I had never felt that way: They were fans and really got me." On September 6, 2013, she was signed to Capitol Records.

In September 2013, she was picked as Elvis Duran's Artist of the Month and was featured on NBC's Today show hosted by Kathie Lee Gifford and Hoda Kotb, where she performed live her single "Dear No One". Kelly announced on The Today Show that her major label debut, a second EP, titled Foreword, would be released on October 22, 2013, on Capitol Records. By the end of November the EP had sold more than 16,000 copies, debuting at number 16 on the US Billboard 200. Kelly was the sole supporting act to Ed Sheeran at Madison Square Garden on November 1, 2013, and supported Sam Smith on their In the Lonely Hour UK tour in October 2014. Kelly wrote and recorded a song called "Silent" for The Giver: Music Collection, supporting the film adaptation (The Giver) of the novel The Giver, which was released on iTunes on August 5, 2014. On August 7, 2014, Kelly posted a live acoustic version of the song on her YouTube channel; which has over 2.6 million views as of October 2015.
Kelly was featured on "Lullaby" by British rapper Professor Green, which was released in the United Kingdom on September 14, 2014. The song peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart, thus providing Kelly with her first top ten song in the United Kingdom.

Kelly was featured on the medley "Winter Wonderland"/"Don't Worry Be Happy" on Pentatonix's album That's Christmas to Me that was released in October 2014. On December 1, 2014, it was announced that Tori Kelly was one of MTV's Artist's To Watch. She privately performed two songs for MTV: "Funny" and "Dear No One"; both can be found on her Artist To Watch page. Her "Funny" performance was aired on MTV for several weeks.

2015–2017: Unbreakable Smile and other projects

Throughout 2014, Kelly worked with Braun on her debut album in which she had contributions from Toby Gad, Max Martin, and Ed Sheeran. The lead single from the album, "Nobody Love", was released on February 8, 2015. It was written by Rickard Goransson, Max Martin, and Tori Kelly herself. Kelly performed "Nobody Love" at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards. The album, entitled Unbreakable Smile, was released on June 23, 2015, and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200. Kelly performed "Should've Been Us" at the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. In October 2015, Kelly covered the song "Colors of the Wind" from Pocahontas on the We Love Disney album. "Hollow" was released on October 22, 2015 as the first single from the new edition of Unbreakable Smile. In the same month, Kelly became the brand-ambassador of William Rast, the clothing line co-founded by Justin Timberlake. In late 2015, Kelly received a nomination for Best New Artist at the 58th Grammy Awards. She performed at the ceremony with English singer James Bay. She became the first artist in history to perform a Christian pop song at the Grammy Awards.

Kelly recorded an updated version of Amy Grant's 1991 single "Baby Baby", with Grant herself. Commemorating its 25th anniversary, when Kelly was still 23, the song was released on April 29, 2016. Kelly made her cinematic debut in the animated film Sing (2016), voicing Meena the elephant. On July 10, 2016, Kelly released an original song "Blink of an Eye" to honor her friend Christina Grimmie, on the one-month anniversary of her murder.

On May 7, 2017, Kelly played the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, Tennessee opening for Soundgarden at what would be one of their final performances before frontman Chris Cornell committed suicide on May 17. On June 9, Kelly and rapper Lecrae, released the single "I'll Find You", with Kelly as the featured artist. The accompanying music video was released on July 28, 2017. It features various St. Jude Hospital patients, and Kelly and Lecrae singing over a black backdrop. It peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop chart, No. 1 on the Hot Christian Songs and No. 17 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart. She also collaborated with country singer Chris Lane on his single "Take Back Home Girl" which has since charted at No. 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. In September 2017, Kelly announced her engagement to basketball player André Murillo. In December 2017, She performed a memorable version of "Have yourself a Merry little Christmas" with Jacob Collier, posted on YouTube.

2018–2019: Hiding Place and Inspired by True Events
On March 30, 2018, Kelly released the single "Help Us to Love" featuring the HamilTones, which served as the lead single to her second studio album. On May 20, 2018, she announced her and Murillo's marriage in an Instagram post. On August 23, Kelly revealed on her personal Instagram that her album, Hiding Place, would be released on September 14. The second single of the album, "Never Alone", was released on August 24. On September 7, Kelly announced a tour in support of the album. Kelly later earned her first Grammy Awards with Hiding Place which won Best Gospel Album and Best Gospel Performance/Song with "Never Alone" from the 61st Annual Grammy Awards.

On January 18, 2019, Kelly announced that she would be going on The Acoustic Sessions tour starting in February. Tickets went on sale on January 25 along with the release of her new lead single "Change Your Mind" for her upcoming third studio album. On June 26, 2019, Kelly announced her third studio album Inspired by True Events which was released on August 9, 2019.

2020–2022: A Tori Kelly Christmas, The Masked Singer, and other projects
Kelly started the "Inspired by True Events Tour" on January 18, 2020. She completed concert stops in the U.S., Canada, and part of Europe however, on March 18, 2020, canceled her remaining tour stops in Europe, Australia, and Asia due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

On March 21, 2020, Kelly began broadcasting a daily live stream on Instagram which she named "QuaranTEA with Tori." The show was hosted from her home where she sang fan-requested songs, answered fans' questions, and featured several celebrity guests to interview and duet with (remotely). The guests included AJ Rafael, Alessia Cara, David Archuleta, Demi Lovato, H.E.R., Jessie J, JoJo, Jordin Sparks, Kirk Franklin,  Natasha Bedingfield, and many more. After 7 weeks, Kelly ended the show to work on new music.

On July 22, 2020, Kelly released a cover of Drake's "Time Flies" as the first single of her EP Solitude. On August 11, three days before the EP's release, Kelly released "Unbothered" as the second single. Kelly released Solitude on August 14 which includes four original songs which she wrote while in quarantine during the coronavirus pandemic. On July 30, 2020, Kelly was featured on Jacob Collier's "Running Outta Love", from his album Djesse Vol. 3. A version for The Late Show with Stephen Colbert was released on August 3.

On October 7, Kelly announced a Christmas album, A Tori Kelly Christmas, which was released on October 30. The album was produced by Babyface. Two extra songs, including an original and a cover of "All I Want for Christmas Is You", were released as bonus tracks exclusively at Target. In late 2020, Kelly also competed on season 4 of The Masked Singer as "Seahorse". Kelly made it to the semi-finals of the competition, before being unmasked in a triple elimination alongside Chloe Kim as "Jellyfish" and Taylor Dayne as "Popcorn".

In 2021, Kelly recorded a cover of "Waving Through a Window" for the soundtrack album of the 2021 film adaptation of Dear Evan Hansen, produced by Justin Goldner. On November 2, 2021, she published her first book, The Curly Girl Blues. That same year, she reprised her role as Meena in Sing 2.

2023–present: Tori and new record label
In February, Kelly performed a rendition of "Hallelujah" alongside Andrea Bocelli for Bocelli's music special The Journey: A Music Special from Andrea Bocelli.

On March 14, 2023, Kelly signed with Epic Records and released a new song, "Missin' U", on March 17, the lead single for her upcoming project. The song samples 2000 single "Fill Me In" by Craig David. Moving into her new era of music, Tori was inspired the sound of R&B/Hip-Hop music from the 90s and mid-2000s. With "Missin' U", Tori claims that she "wanted to go back in time" with artists like Destiny's Child, Aaliyah, Missy Elliot, and TLC.

On July 11, 2023, Kelly announced her fourth EP, titled Tori (stylized in lowercase), released on July 28, 2023.

Personal life
Kelly married André Murillo, a professional basketball player in Germany, in 2018.

Kelly is a practicing Christian.

On July 23, 2023, Kelly was hospitalized at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center after collapsing at a restaurant in Los Angeles. Blood clots had been found in her legs and around her lungs. On July 27, Kelly released a message stating that she is feeling better but is still going through treatment. On July 31, Kelly was discharged from the hospital.

Discography

 Unbreakable Smile (2015)
 Hiding Place (2018)
 Inspired by True Events (2019)
 A Tori Kelly Christmas (2020)
 tori (2023)

Tours
Headlining

 Where I Belong Tour (2015)
 Unbreakable Tour (2016)
 Hiding Place Tour (2018)
 The Acoustic Sessions Tour (2019)
 Take Control Tour (2023)
Supporting

 Sam Smith – In the Lonely Hour Tour (2015)

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

The following is a list of awards and nominations received by Tori Kelly.

Awards

Notes

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
21st-century American singer-songwriters
21st-century Christians
21st-century American women singers
American child singers
American Christians
American women singer-songwriters
American Idol participants
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Jamaican descent
American actors of Puerto Rican descent
American musicians of Puerto Rican descent
American people of Trinidad and Tobago descent
American soul singers
American gospel singers
American voice actresses
Christians from California
Grammy Award winners
People from Canyon Lake, California
People from Wildomar, California
Schoolboy Records artists
Singer-songwriters from California
American contemporary R&B singers

Tori Kelly


Holozonia is a North American genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It contains only one known species Holozonia filipes, which is known by the common name whitecrown. It is endemic to (found only in) California.

Holozonia filipes is a scraggly rhizomatous perennial herb growing a hairy, glandular, branching stem 30 centimeters (1 foot) to 1.5 meters (5 feet) long. The lower stem is gray-green and the upper stem branches are green to red in color. The lance-shaped leaves are up to 10 centimeters (4 inches) long and covered in resin glands. They are arranged oppositely on the lower part of the stem. The flower heads appear at the ends of the stem branches in a loose inflorescence. Each head has layers of sticky, hairy phyllaries. The ray florets are each divided into long lobes and are white in color. The disc florets are white with large purple anthers.

References

External links
 Jepson Manual Treatment, University of California
 United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
 Callphotos Photo gallery, University of California

Madieae
Monotypic Asteraceae genera
Endemic flora of California
Plants described in 1839
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Holozonia


A smartwatch is a computerized wristwatch that can do things not related to showing the time.

While early models could perform basic tasks, such as calculations, language translations, and game-playing, since the 2010s smartwatches are effectively wearable computers. Many run mobile apps, using a mobile operating system. Some smartwatches function as portable media players, with FM radio and playback of digital audio and video files via a Bluetooth or USB headset.

Nowadays a smartwatch is a modern watch that provides a touchscreen interface for daily use. With a smartwatch, people can track heart rate, SPO2, blood pressure, sleep, step count, etc. Bluetooth calling smartwatches are helping people to connect to each other through the smartphone.

References

Clocks

Smartwatch