Salem the Witch Girl

Salem the Witch Girl is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She is the sidekick and apprentice of the original Doctor Fate.

Salem Rula Nader, introduced in "The New Golden Age" #1, is the daughter of an Armenian-American man and a woman who escaped Limbo Town. Affected by the Limbo Town Curse, Salem unwittingly causes misfortune to those she interacts with. In 1940, she encountered Doctor Fate, who was immune to the curse, and together they thwarted Wotan's plot. Becoming Doctor Fate's sidekick, Salem adopted the name "Salem the Witch Girl" and was aided by her black cat familiar named Midnight and a sentient broomstick named Sweep.

In 1941, Salem the Witch Girl was with Doctor Fate when they found Mister Miracle fighting Solomon Grundy at the time when his Justice Society Dark teammates Zatara and Diamond Jack are having a spat. After Solomon Grundy is chained up, Mister Miracle states to Doctor Fate and Salem the Witch Girl that they should apprehend Bride of Grundy. Salem the Witch Girl then starts to ask Doctor Fate about her Limbo Town curse. Doctor Fate tirelessly searched for a way to free Salem from the Limbo Town Curse. However, on the day Inza Cramer was nearly killed by the curse, Salem mysteriously vanished, potentially taken back to Limbo Town. Doctor Fate, with assistance from the Justice Society Dark, attempted to locate her but was unsuccessful.

In the final issue of "Flashpoint Beyond," Salem was among the thirteen missing Golden Age superheroes found in the Time Masters' capsules. When the capsules failed, they were transported back to their respective time periods as history reshaped around them. Salem was among the Lost Children on Orphan Island, expressing frustration at their inability to escape. During an attack on Childminder's castle, she utilized her magic to save members of the Newsboy Legion. Accused by Cherry Bomb of self-interest, Salem engaged in a brief altercation until Stargirl intervened. Later, when Stargirl and Red Arrow's group reunited, Salem and the others were subdued by the Hourman android, who claimed to be rescuing them from "complete obliteration." Ultimately, with help from Corky Baxter, everyone was freed.

Salem the Witch Girl later met Khalid Nassour where he tells her that Kent Nelson was his great-uncle and that there were other Doctor Fates before him. While mentioning about the Limbo Town curse, Salem is reluctant to allow Khalid to do an attempt to break it.

Sand Demon
Sand Demon (Eddie Slick) is the name of a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Eddie Slick is the manager of the wrestler King Crusher and provided him with mutative steroids to win a match. However, Firestorm eventually defeated him while exposing the steroid operation in the process. Eddie was later exposed to the same drugs as his wrestler and buried in the Nevada Desert for exposing the drug ring behind the steroids leaving the gangsters broke. Developing the power to control sand, he sought revenge and crossed paths with Firestorm. Firestorm thought that Sand Demon was Martin Stein, who had become too crazy to reason with. He used his powers to overheat Sand Demon enough to turn him into glass, which shattered when it hit the floor.

Sand Demon in other media
A variation of Eddie Slick / Sand Demon appears in The Flash episode "Flash of Two Worlds", portrayed by Kett Turton. This version is a metahuman criminal from Earth-2 able to transform his body into sand. Zoom sends Sand Demon to Earth-1 to kill the Flash, but the speedster uses his electrical powers to turn Sand Demon into glass and shatter him.
 Turton also portrays the Eddie Slick of Earth-1, a human arsonist and career criminal who served time in Blackgate Penitentiary.

Sardath

Mia Saunders
Mia Saunders first appeared in JSA: All Stars #2 (1999). Mia is the infant daughter of Kendra Saunders (Hawkgirl). As a teenager, Kendra got pregnant with Mia and had to give her up for adoption to an Oregon couple. It is later revealed that Kendra regularly visits her daughter.

Scorcher
Scorcher is the name of different characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Bike Buzzard's version
The first Scorcher is the leader of the Bike Buzzards and took part in the Sand Scrambler racing event. Scorcher and the Bike Buzzards used unorthodox methods to win the event and were then defeated by the Teen Titans.

Arsonist version
The second version is an unnamed arsonist with a flamethrower.

Cynthia Brand
Cynthia Brand is a pyrokinetic supervillain who is an enemy of Scare Tactics.

First Dark Nemesis version
The first Scorcher that is a member of Dark Nemesis is a pyrokinetic and a human/H'San Natall hybrid who grew up in the same special orphanage as Blizard. Scorcher later orchestrated a prison break, and Risk discovered her connection with the same aliens with whom he has a heritage. The rest of Dark Nemesis worked for Veil again and killed her while framing Risk. The Teen Titans later found evidence to clear Risk's name.

Second Dark Nemesis version
The second Scorcher, a member of Dark Nemesis, is a pyrokinetic female and the successor of the previous version. She and the rest of Dark Nemesis were sent to acquire the files on Apex and were easily taken down by a refocused Titans.

Scorcher in other media
A variation of Scorcher appears in the Supergirl episode "Welcome to Earth", portrayed by Nadine Crocker. This version is an Infernian who twice attempted to assassinate President Olivia Marsdin before she could create a law allowing for aliens to come out into the open due to fearing it would result in more registration.

Scream Queen
Creators: Len Kaminski and Anthony Williams. First appearance: Showcase '96 #11 (December 1996).

Nina Skorzeny, a.k.a. the Scream Queen, was the vampire lead singer of Scare Tactics.

A member of the Skorzeny clan of vampires in Markovia, Nina's family was wiped out by a group of vampire killers called the Graveyard Shift. The group was responsible for many vampire concentration camps as they attempted to exterminate all the vampires in Markovia. Nina was able to survive their efforts and escaped to America. This left her with a deep distrust of humans, whom she called "breathers" or "normals."

After making it to America, she was captured by R-Complex, a government agency that subjected her to numerous experiments. She was eventually rescued by the efforts of Arnold Burnsteel and Fate. The pair also freed Fang, Slither, and Gross-Out. Burnsteel suggested the group form a band to serve as cover while they try to outrun R-Complex agents.

The Scream Queen met Catwoman on one occasion. The pair battled Graveyard Shift members and an elderly vampire in Gotham City. Nina was forced to kill the vampire to save Catwoman's life. She felt some guilt over killing a member of her kind to save a human, but the pair had bonded, and Catwoman became one of the few humans that the Scream Queen saw as a friend.

Eventually, the Scream Queen began to change her view of her Scare Tactics teammates, finally seeing them as friends. Following Slither's death, Nina arranged for the group to take his ashes and throw them in his father's face. She also bit and sucked all the alcohol from Burnsteel's system when he got drunk to deal with his grief. Following Gross-Out's transformation and departure from Earth, the group was left with only three members. They vowed to carry on, however, and set out to search for new members.

The Scream Queen first appeared in DC Rebirth Suicide Squad (vol. 5) Annual #1 (October 2018).

Scream Queen in other media
 A variation of the Scream Queen based on Silver Banshee makes a non-speaking appearance in the teaser for the Batman: The Brave and the Bold episode "Trials of the Demon!". She and Scarecrow join forces in a plot to spread fear gas through pumpkins on Halloween, only to be foiled by Batman and the Flash.
 A variation of Scream Queen appears in Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths, voiced by Kari Wührer. This version is an alternate universe version of Black Canary who operates under the Crime Syndicate's Johnny Quick.

Shango

Shango is an adaptation of the deity Sàngó from the Yorùbá culture for the DC Universe.

The character, adapted by John Ostrander and Tom Mandrake, first appeared in Firestorm the Nuclear Man #95 (March 1990).

Within the context of the stories, Shango is a deity and the war chief of the Orishas. He is responsible for asking Ogun to sever the Golden Chain linking Ifé, the land of the gods, with Earth. He is also responsible for restoring it in modern times. When he leads the reemergence of the pantheon in Africa, he encounters Firestorm. He and the pantheon are taken to task by Firestorm for their abandonment of Africa.

Shark

The Shark is the name of three fictional characters in DC Comics publications, none of which should be confused with King Shark.

First version
The first Shark is a non-superpowered commando. Along with his companions named Sardine and Whale, he is part of the World War II-era fighting unit called the Frogmen. His sole appearance is in Showcase #3 (July–August 1956). The story was written by Robert Kanigher, and illustrated by Russ Heath.

Second version
The second Shark is the secret identity of criminal Gunther Hardwicke. He is a member of the Terrible Trio, along with the Fox and the Vulture. He wears a shark mask and uses fish-themed technology to commit crimes. This Shark—and the Terrible Trio—debuted in Detective Comics #253 (March 1958).

Third version
The third Shark, who has used the aliases T. S. Smith and Karshon in the past, debuted in Green Lantern (vol. 2) #24 (October 1963). He is a tiger shark that rapidly mutated after exposure to nuclear waste (later retconned to be part of the Kroloteans' experiments in Green Lantern (vol. 4) #4 (October 2005)). The rapid evolutionary growth gives him high intelligence, a humanoid appearance and telepathic powers, but leaves him with his bloodthirsty shark instincts. This Shark has fought Green Lantern II, as well as Superman, Aquaman, the Justice League of America and the Black Condor II. The Shark's portrayal on the cover of Action Comics #456 (February 1976) was inspired by the hit 1975 film Jaws.

Return
Karshon would return following DC Rebirth as a member of the Suicide Squad.

Shark in other media
 The Shark appears in The All-New Super Friends Hour, voiced by Robert Ridgely.
 The Shark makes several non-speaking cameo appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a minor member of Gorilla Grodd's Secret Society.
 The Shark makes several non-speaking cameo appearances in Batman: The Brave and the Bold.
 Karshon will appear in Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom, portrayed by Indya Moore.

Shat-Ru

Shat-Ru is a supporting character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Among the Lords of Order, he was formerly antagonistic against Doctor Fate for perceived failures as an agent of order, believing Kent Nelson to have humiliated the Lords of Orders for failing to abolish the forces of chaos caused by the Lords of Chaos during his tenure as Doctor Fate.

Shat-Ru would later challenge Inza Cramer Nelson as Doctor Fate, becoming trapped in the previous, old body of Kent Nelson unable to release himself without risking his destruction. Over time, Shat-Ru bonds with Nelson and Inza while posing as Kent's grandfather whom he is supposedly named to continue his work as a college teacher teaching archaeology. He also serves as Nelson's patron temporarily and enters into an intimate relationship with the human Dorothea.

Shiv

Shiv is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She appeared in 11 issues of Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E., two issues of JSA and four issues of JSA All-Stars.

Cindy Burman is the daughter of the supervillain the Dragon King. She had a grudge against Stargirl.

Shiv was also a member of Johnny Sorrow's incarnation of the Injustice Society.

In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Shiv and Dragon King were seen in a flashback fighting Stargirl and S.T.R.I.P.E.

Shiv in other media
Cindy Burman appears in Stargirl, portrayed by Meg DeLacy as a teenager and Sophia Annabelle Kim as a child. This version is the girlfriend of Henry King Jr., rival of Yolanda Montez, cheerleading captain of Blue Valley High, and the most popular student at school, though most students shun her due to her mean-spirited nature. She is determined to follow in her father, Dr. Shiro Ito's, footsteps and join the Injustice Society, having been genetically modified at a young age and gaining a healing factor and retractable blades attached to her wrists. However, her father refuses to let her help him and generally ignores her, resulting in Cindy becoming bitter and spiteful as she feels no one truly loves her. In the two-part episode "Shiv", she steals some of her father's inventions to force him to accept her by fighting and badly injuring Stargirl before being driven off by the school janitor Justin. During a rematch with Stargirl, Henry Jr. gets caught in the crossfire and uses his burgeoning psychic powers to knock them both down before Ito has his daughter evacuated. In the episode "Brainwave", he imprisons her to keep her out of further trouble, but in "Stars and S.T.R.I.P.E." Pt. 2, she escapes, kills her father, and finds a gem containing Eclipso amongst the Wizard's possessions. In the second season, she works with Eclipso to create their own Injustice Society called Injustice Unlimited. While fighting Stargirl's Justice Society of America (JSA) and Shade, Stargirl accidentally breaks the gem, freeing Eclipso. He uses a shard of it to send Cindy to the Shadowlands despite Stargirl's best efforts to save her, though Shade eventually uses his powers to rescue her. Following this, Cindy forms a truce with Stargirl and calls Artemis Crock and her family to help defeat Eclipso before intending to make amends with Yolanda and join the JSA. During season three, Cindy notices that she is starting to develop scales on her skin. Ten years later, Cindy is stated to have become a member of the JSA under the alias "Dragon Queen".

Silver Ghost
The Silver Ghost is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first version of the character, created by Gerry Conway and Ric Estrada, first appeared in Freedom Fighters #1 (March 1976).

Raphael van Zandt
Within the context of the stories, Raphael van Zandt is a member of the Secret Society of Super Villains as the Silver Ghost. He opposes the Freedom Fighters in general and Firebrand in particular.

Second version
In an untold story of Earth-Two, this Silver Ghost is a detective who wanted to become a vigilante like Batman. After witnessing Batman defeat some criminals without weapons, Silver Ghost decided not to be a vigilante.

Silver Ghost in other media
A female version of the Silver Ghost named Raya van Zandt appears in The Flash episode "The Flash & the Furious", portrayed by Gabrielle Walsh. This version is an ex-Air Force pilot under the call sign "Silver Ghost" who wields a meta-tech key fob that allows her to control any motorized vehicle. She seeks to form a group called the Young Rogues and recruits the supervillain Weather Witch to be its first member. The two of them break into an A.R.G.U.S. facility and steal an experimental WayneTech car capable of turning invisible, but after the superhero XS appeals to her better nature, Weather Witch secretly stops van Zandt from committing murder and escapes with her. In a later episode titled "Gone Rogue", Weather Witch reveals she abandoned van Zandt in Bolivia.

Sidd

Sidd is a minor villain in Batman: The Brave and the Bold and later teams up with Clayface and Facade in Justice League.

Sin

Stretch Skinner
Hiram "Stretch" Skinner is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Hiram "Stretch" Skinner is a novice private eye detective who is unnaturally tall and thin. He would become the sidekick of Wildcat.

Skeeter

Skeeter (Ellie Mae Skaggs) was a girl turned into vampire in 1865. As vampire she has superhuman strength and speed, psychic powers and the ability to transform into a more monstrous form.

Skyhook

Skyhook (Aleister Hook) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He was created by John Byrne for Superman Vol. 2 #15.

Hook is a century old physician turned criminal based in London who uses children to commit crimes. He was turned into a winged demon by Blaze.

Skyhook in other media
Aleister Hook appears in Superman & Lois, portrayed by Shekhar Paleja. This version is an Intergang scientist who, among others, is charged by Bruno Mannheim to experiment on corpses as well as make use of Superman's blood samples. Hook is later killed by Otis Grisham off-screen while obtaining information about Bizarro.

Skyman

Sylvester Pemberton

Klar-Don
Klar-Don is a Kryptonian who was Superman's predecessor in fighting crime on Earth before the destruction of Kryton. When crimefighting, he operated under the alias of "Skyman". Superman learned of Skyman when Professor Hugo Blaine mentally sent Superman back in time where he experienced the lives of his Kryptonian genetic doubles.

Jacob Colby
Jacob Colby is one of the first official subjects for Lex Luthor's "Everyman Project". Luthor's project grants superpowers to Colby, who is given the codename "Skyman" after Luthor buys the rights to Infinity, Inc. from the Pemberton Estate. This Skyman had the power to control the air and the power of flight. Colby later becomes romantically involved with his teammate Starlight.

It is later revealed that Colby had been killed by his teammate Everyman who consumed Colby's body and gained the ability to assume his form, posing as Colby since his murder (fooling even Starlight with his deception).

Garrison Slate

Garrison Slate is the founder of S.T.A.R. Labs in the DC Universe. Created by Len Wein, Joey Cavalieri and Paris Cullins, he first appeared in Blue Beetle (vol. 6) #12.

Garrison Slate in other media
The CW series The Flash features Dr. Harrison Wells (Tom Cavanagh), an original character, as S.T.A.R. Labs' founder in Central City similar to Garrison Slate.

Slobo

Felicity Smoak

Safiyah Sohail
Safiyah Sohail is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. She is depicted as the former lover of Kate Kane who keeps the pirate nation of Coryana in check.

Safiyah Sohail in other media
Safiyah Sohail appears in Batwoman, portrayed by Shivani Ghai. This version is served by the Rifle and the Many Arms of Death. Additionally, she has a history with Alice, having found her after she escaped from August Cartwright and with whom she shares a mutual hatred towards Catherine Hamilton-Kane, and is connected to Black Mask.

Johnny Sorrow

Sparky
Sparky is the name of two fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Sparkington J. Northrup
Sparkington J. Northrup is a teenager who became the sidekick of Blue Beetle.

In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Sparky is among the Lost Children that are prisoners of the Childminder on Orphan Island. He and Pinky the Whiz Kid vow to get out and see that the Childminder pays for what she did. Sparky and Pinky the Whiz Kid are later freed by Red Arrow and Boom. By the time Red Arrow reunites with Stargirl, Sparky is among the Lost Children that are subdued by the Hourman android. Thanks to a diversion from Corky Baxter, Boom used this diversion to free everyone. Following Time Master and Childminder's defeat and Wing being sent back to his own time, Sparky is among the Lost Children that are brought to Stargirl's time by the Hourman android due to paradoxical reasons.

Freedom Fighters villain
An unnamed comic fan was among those who were recruited into the Crusaders by Silver Ghost. As Sparky, he possessed pyrokinesis.

Speed Demon

Speed Demon is an alias used by different fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in Superman's Pal Jimmy Olsen #15 (September 1956).

Jimmy Olsen

Jerry McGee
The second version, Jerry McGee, is Tina McGee's husband. He was a scientist for Genetech where he took the drug Steroid B-19 which gave him superhuman strength, speed and endurance. Jerry wanted revenge on his wife for leaving him, which brought him into conflict with the Flash. The Flash managed to help him off the drug and Jerry eventually returned to his estranged wife.

Speed Demon in other media
A variation of Speed Demon appears in the second season of The Flash as an alias of Hunter Zolomon / Zoom.

Horten Spence
Horten Spence is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Horten Spence is a photojournalist at the Gothamite News who is paired up with Vicki Vale. They are sent to investigate the Fever phenomenon. While scouting out the buildings, they run into some members of the Street Demonz. They attack Vicki, but Horten protects her. Vicki then kisses Horten as Batman swings overhead.

Horten Spence in other media
Horten Spence appears in the Batwoman episode "Time Off for Good Behavior", portrayed by Jaime M. Callica. This version is a former reporter from the Gotham Gazette.

Spin
Spin is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Mr. Auerbach, first appearing  in The Flash (vol. 2) #238 (May 2008), was the son of a media mogul whose holdings included the cable news network KN News. He pursued a career in journalism, hoping to work his way up in his father's company. While working on a story, he met Edwar Martinez, who was capable of sensing the fears in others and making them a reality. Auerbach eventually was put in charge of KN News, where he had a hand in determining much of the content that the network covered. He also led a double life as the villain Spin. He kept Edwar captive in the basement of the new building, hooking him up to machines and forcing him to watch the news coverage. In this setting, Spin was able to channel and direct Edwar's amazing ability. His first caper was robbing a Fabergé egg from a local auction. He created a distraction by summoning earthquakes, which had been in the public's mind due to a recent quake in Hub City. He took advantage of a comment made on television by the Flash expressing his financial woes. After the citizens of Keystone City started to feel some doubt about their local hero, Spin lured him to the Keystone City Salamanders stadium and forced him to steal many valuables from the fans there. This causes a massive public outcry against the Flash, which Spin enhances with his powers, even turning the original Flash against his successor. When Spin and Edwar realized that the Flash had identified the source of the disturbances as emanating from KN News, he used his abilities to summon Gorilla Grodd to Keystone, the Rogue which Edwar sensed would make the speedster most anxious. Grodd, however, was not pleased with his sudden teleportation and a massive battle ensued. In the chaos, Edwar was released from his machinery and his powers went completely out of control, causing citizens to act out nearly every situation is mentioned in the media.

Spin in other media
A female character loosely based on Spin named Spencer Young appears in The Flash episode "News Flash", portrayed by Kiana Madeira. She is a young millennial who used to work with Iris West as a reporter before quitting her job to create a blog about metahuman news called the "Spyn Zone" and compete with West's blog about the Flash. Amidst the Thinker's Enlightenment, Young's smartphone was hit with debris from his exploding satellite, turning it into a meta-tech smartphone capable of controlling people's minds. After XS appears in Central City, Young uses her to manufacture disasters and report on them seconds before they happen to increase her blog's popularity. However, her plan is eventually thwarted by the Flash and she is remanded to Iron Heights Penitentiary.

Stalnoivolk

Stalnoivolk ( or "Steel Wolf") is a supervillain in the DC Universe.

The character, created by John Ostrander and Joe Brozowski, first appeared in Firestorm the Nuclear Man #67 (January 1988).

Ivan Illyich Gort is a Russian who underwent government experiments during World War II. He loyally serves the Soviet Union under the codename "Stalnoivolk" as a symbol of Russia's resistance to Nazi Germany. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he is exiled to Siberia for his participation in the purging of Ukraine.

He is reactivated just before the Soviet Union dissolves by Major Zastrow, leader of the Red Shadows. Initially, he is tasked with eliminating Firestorm, which becomes a mission that he cannot complete. He also encounters the Suicide Squad more than once.

Star Sapphire
Star Sapphire is the name of several fictional characters in DC Comics; many of them are villainous, and all connected in origin. Within DC continuity, an immortal race of warrior women (the Zamarons) were depicted as having the ancient tradition of choosing physically identical mortals from across the cosmos to serve as the host body for their queen. The woman chosen to serve this queen is called Star Sapphire. She is given the queen's symbolic weapon: a crystal resembling an actual star sapphire that grants the user powers similar to the power ring of Green Lanterns.

The Star Sapphires are one of the seven Corps empowered by a specific color of the emotional spectrum within the DC Universe. Though their roots can be traced back to the earliest appearances of the Star Sapphire queens, they have entered into a significant plot role as part of the 2009–2010 Blackest Night crossover event. First formed by the Zamarons at the conclusion of the Mystery of the Star Sapphire storyline running in Green Lantern (vol. 4) issues #18–20 (May–July 2007), their abilities come from violet power rings which wield the power of love. Initially the members of the Star Sapphires were only depicted as being females, during the Blackest Night panel at Comic Con International 2009, Geoff Johns explained that: "anyone can join, but most men are not worthy." More recently male recruits were shown among the Star Sapphires when Wonder Woman visited their home planet.

The original Star Sapphire's powers are vast. She is equipped with an arsenal of weapons, including a replicate Zamaron star sapphire, of unknown origin. She also has a variety of personal powers, though whether they stem from herself or her personal armament is unclear. She is also able to access the memories of the Zamorans regarding the Star Sapphire gem, such as the experiences of other wearers. As with the powers of the woman bearing the title of Star Sapphire, the limitations of the Star Sapphire gem are also unclear. Psychologically, the women serving as Star Sapphire have displayed a bizarre preoccupation with gender, suspected of reflecting a pathological fear of men. They also have had a less than accurate grasp of the variations in physics between dimensions. They are sometimes foiled primarily due to their own overconfidence. The Star Sapphire gems used to power the original incarnations of Star Sapphire were used by the Zamarons to create the main violet Power Battery. invulnerability, light speed, superhuman strength and telekinesis.

Golden Age Star Sapphire
The first version of the character appears in All-Flash Comics #32 (Dec–Jan 1947) and Comic Cavalcade #29 (Oct–Nov 1948) and battles the Golden Age Flash. This Star Sapphire claims to be a queen from the 7th Dimension, and attempts to conquer Earth by destroying all the plant life, which would cause the world to run out of oxygen.

A later retcon connects her with the Zamaron Star Sapphires, explaining that she had been chosen as Queen of the Zamarons, but had proved unworthy, hence her banishment to the 7th dimension. In this story, she attempts to manipulate Carol Ferris into using the Star Sapphire stone to destroy the Zamarons. The Flash is able to break the connection. This was the Golden Age character's sole modern appearance.

Carol Ferris

Dela Pharon
Dela Pharon was introduced as the third woman to hold the position of Star Sapphire in Green Lantern (vol. 2) #41 (December 1965). Technically speaking, however, Carol Ferris simultaneously appears as Star Sapphire in the same issue.

In the story, Ferris is injured testing out one of her new flying machines, and is brought to the hospital for treatment. However, she awakens and finds herself drawn away from the hospital. It is shown that Ferris is being lured off by the Star Sapphire gem, and upon finding it she once again takes on the mantle of Star Sapphire. As Star Sapphire she returns to pursuing her quest to marry Green Lantern; however, conflict arises with the arrival of an alien woman who also appears to be the Zamaron's queen and Star Sapphire. Jordan discovers Ferris' transformation upon finding her fighting the second, alien, Star Sapphire. The Zamarons arrive to meet Jordan and explain that Dela Pharon (from the planet Xanador) is the woman that Ferris is fighting.

Before the events of the issue, the Zamarons chose Pharon as their new queen and recipient of the Star Sapphire, but a dissenting group of Zamarons claimed that Ferris would have made a superior queen. Angered by the opposition, Pharon travels to Earth and attacks Ferris in retaliation (which was the cause of her aircraft malfunction). Recognizing the attack provokes Ferris to become Star Sapphire again and defend herself. At the conclusion of their duel, Ferris appears to be the victor and leaves to challenge Jordan. Following his defeat, she forces him to travel with her to Zamaron and become her husband. Before the wedding, Jordan discovers that the woman he believed to be Ferris is really Pharon in disguise. Jordan finds the real Ferris living Pharon's life on Xanador, and brings her to Zamaron. He defeats Pharon and returns with Ferris to Earth without her retaining any knowledge of the events that transpired.

Dela Pharon reappears in a story told by Carol Ferris during the Mystery of the Star Sapphire story line. She continues to serve as Star Sapphire after her first appearance, and eventually both falls in love with and enslaves the Green Lantern of Xanador. After becoming his mate, she kills him and encases their planet in violet crystal so that they will be together until the end of time. This presumably leaves her encased in crystal during the events currently enfolding in Green Lantern and Green Lantern Corps. However, promotional imagery included in Blackest Night #0 (March 2009) lists her as a prominent member of the newly formed Star Sapphires. What role she will play among the corps is unknown.

Deborah Camille Darnell
Remoni-Notra, of the planet Pandina, is chosen by the Zamarons to be their queen, an honor previously bequeathed upon Earth's Carol Ferris, but refuses. Remoni-Notra is given one of the five star sapphire gems and is told of the existence of the other four. Using her powers, she comes to Earth to locate and steal Carol Ferris' gem and joins the Secret Society of Super Villains as the new Star Sapphire in hopes of finding a clue to the gem. On Earth, she takes the name Deborah Camille Darnell and becomes a stewardess at Ferris Aircraft, in hopes of getting closer to Carol and the Star Sapphire gem. As Star Sapphire, Darnell can use her gem of power to fly and to hurl blasts of force nearly equal to the power of a Green Lantern's ring. Moreover, the Sapphire bestows upon her a certain amount of invulnerability and allows her to survive in airless space.

As Debbie Darnell, she often dates long-time hero Captain Comet. She also portrays a French real estate agent named Camille on Earth. She is later mind-wiped and put in a coma. She was most likely mind-wiped at the request of Green Lantern Hal Jordan to protect Carol Ferris. She is revived by her teammates in the Secret Society.

In Geoff Johns' run on "Green Lantern", her origin is rebooted: she is presented as a flight attendant who dated Hal Jordan when he broke up with Carol Ferris and, thus, was chosen to be the new Star Sapphire, since the crystal is used to possess Hal's girlfriends. Later, in Infinite Crisis #6, several magic-users assemble at Stonehenge and summon the Spectre. He singles out Darnell, condemns her, transforms her into a star sapphire and shatters her, killing her.

Jillian Pearlman

Nol-Anj
A new villainous Star Sapphire debuts in Green Lantern (vol. 5) #21 (August 2013). Prixiam Nol-Anj is a former prisoner of the Oan sciencells, imprisoned for a slew of different crimes: racketeering, smuggling, extortion, murder for hire, abduction, trafficking in organisms, larceny, grand theft starship, and assault with an energy weapon. Over time, she uses her wiles to beguile her guard, a Green Lantern named Cossite, and he falls in love with her. When Larfleeze attacks Oa in the aftermath of the First Lantern's defeat and the death of the Guardians, his constructs kill a Star Sapphire who arrived to aid in the defense of the planet. The fallen Sapphire's ring flies to Nol-Anj's cell, where it declares her eligible to become a Star Sapphire herself. Nol-Anj persuades Cossite that the ring's presence is proof that her love for him is true, and he readily opens the door and allows her to slip the ring onto her fingers and acquire its power. To his understandable shock, she then kills him, declaring that the love in her heart that the ring detected was not for him, but for the Clann she belonged to, that accepted her when no one else would.

After Larfleeze's attack is thwarted, Hal and the rest of the Lanterns discover Cossite's body and learn of Nol-Anj's escape, who had by then commandeered a spacecraft and left for space sector 0563. This is the home base for her clann, the Braidmen, a group of scavengers and contraband pirates, of which she is the "Prixiam". As Prixiam, she serves similarly as would a queen. The love for her clann is so potent, Nol-Anj has been shown to have the ability to extend her violet powers to shatter green constructs and summon/control multiple members of the Braidmen across great distances.

Starling
Starling is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. In this new timeline, Evelyn Crawford is introduced as part of the relaunch of Birds of Prey as a highly skilled hand-to-hand combatant and markswoman who has been friends with the Black Canary since they worked undercover together at the Penguin's Iceberg Lounge. She is later chosen by the Black Canary to help reform the Birds of Prey but later betrays the group. She was killed trying to escape a burning building after a battle with the Court of Owls when Canary unleashed her Canary Cry.

Starling in other media
A variation of Evelyn Crawford named Evelyn Crawford Sharp appears in Arrow, portrayed by Madison McLaughlin. This version was a star student and gymnast before her family became H.I.V.E. test subjects, of which she was the only survivor. First appearing in the season four episode "Canary Cry", she assumes the identity of Black Canary to seek revenge on the killer, Damien Darhk until Oliver Queen convinces her to stop to avoid tarnishing the Black Canary's reputation. In season five, she joins Queen's team of vigilantes as "Artemis", but eventually betrays them to serve as Prometheus' double agent upon learning of Queen's violent past. As part of Prometheus' plans, Evelyn frees Laurel Lance's villainous Earth-2 counterpart before joining her and Talia al Ghul in kidnapping Queen's friends and family to hold them hostage on Lian Yu. While working to stop Prometheus, Queen throws Evelyn in a cage, intending to come back for her. However, Prometheus detonates several explosives he planted on Lian Yu and no mention of Evelyn's survival or death has been mentioned in subsequent seasons, leaving her final fate unknown.

Steadfast
Steadfast is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in The Flash vol. 5 #69 (June 2019) and was created by Joshua Williamson and Rafa Sandoval. Steadfast was an unnamed solitude man who became empowered by the Still Force which granted him motion-negating abilities. He fired a beam at the Flash so that the speedster can remember in order to save the Multiverse.

Steadfast in other media
A variation of Steadfast, Deon Owens, appears in The Flash, portrayed by Christian Magby. This version was a Masonville citizen and football player whose football career ended the day he had a knee injury whose power is chronokinesis. He is introduced in season seven. After being intimated by the Speed Force, Deon helps Alexa Garcia / Fuerza and Bashir Malik / Psych in humbling the Speed Force which resulted in the four learning to work to bring balance to existence. In season eight, Deon helps Iris West-Allen with a time sickness before getting sick himself along with the other Forces, but eventually recovers.

Harry Stein

Martin Stein

Cornelius Stirk

Stitch
Stitch is a non-binary, animated effigy who is also the apprentice of the recent incarnation of Doctor Fate, Khalid Nassour. First appearing in Teen Titan Academy #1 and created by Tim Sheridan and Rafa Sandoval, the character is sent to the school by their mentor to learn what it means to be a hero. Despite their doubts, Stitch becomes a popular student and is elected as the school's class president. The character shares a close bond with Khalid, looking towards the other as a parental figure. Like their mentor, Stitch possesses the ability of magic and can break the fourth wall. Combined with their fourth wall breaking and jovial, lighthearted personality, the character's likeness has been compared to that of Marvel's Deadpool.

In other media
Stitch appears as a unlockable character in the mobile video game DC Legends. This version is the apprentice of Kent Nelson.

Clarissa Stein
Clarissa Stein is the estranged wife of Professor Martin Stein (a.k.a. one-half of Firestorm). She was created by Gerry Conway and Pat Broderick and first appeared in Firestorm (vol. 2) #10.

Clarissa Stein in other media
Clarissa Stein appears in TV series set in the Arrowverse. She first appears in The Flash, portrayed by Isabella Hofmann, and makes subsequent appearances in Legends of Tomorrow, portrayed by Chanelle Stevenson and Emily Tennant. This version lives in Central City and displays a loving relationship with Martin, additionally becoming the mother of Lily Stein due to Martin's work with the Legends affecting the timeline.

Jared Stevens

Jared Stevens is a character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, debuting in Fate #0 in 1994, created by John Francis More and Anthony Williams. The character was created as the fifth incarnation of the Doctor Fate character although he instead is referred to simply as Fate. The character differs from all other incarnations, having a radical re-designed and re-imagined as a demon hunter.

Fictional history

Jared's background & origin
In the original Fate series, Jared's background and origin details him to be the son of an accountant and a criminal mother who lived in Boston. Eventually, his mother left for Europe for reasons unknown during his adolescent years, leaving Jared in the care of his strict and overbearing father until he was sixteen, opting to instead live with his mother in Europe. While they travelled around the world, he eventually distanced himself from her, no longer wanting to support her criminal endeavors and instead went to law school for a time. However, wanting a more exciting life, Jared joins the Institute for Phenomenological Study as an adventurer. In Mexico, he gets caught in a race for a mystical artifact at the Temple of the Mist, siding with natives and revolutionaries. In the temple, he frees a mysterious female entity who saves his life, leading to his first notable supernatural experience, which he initially considers a mass hallucination.

Over time, the character transitions into a smuggler of artifacts and acquires the Helmet of Fate, the Cloak of Destiny, and the Amulet of Anubis. While the Nelsons, who were after the artifacts, are killed by demons sent by their enemy Kingdom, it is revealed that Jared has been chosen as an agent for the Lords of Order. During the battle, the Amulet of Anubis explodes, granting him the ability to see the fate of others through an ankh tattoo and leaving a scar on his arm. When Nabu attempts to enslave him as he did with Kent Nelson, Jared resists due to the power of the Amulet and rejects Nabu. This leads him to become a demon hunter and an agent of balance for the Lords of Order and Chaos called Fate.

Tenure as Fate
During his time as Fate, he teams up with the supernaturally powered team of fugitives Scare Tactics, Etrigan the Demon and other forces to combat threats from the realm of Gemworld.[citation needed] During his brief time as Fate, he is assisted by Arnold Vernsteel in the Fate series and in the rebooted Book of Fate series, he is instead assisted by the character's sibling, Vera Burnsteel, both whom are accomplished hackers who seek to help him understand his role through occult research. Jared is later murdered by Mordru, who attempts to kill all the agents of the Lords of Chaos and Order and claim Fate's artifacts for himself. Jared's equipment reverts to its original forms and returns to the Tower of Fate upon his death. His tenure is defined later to have lasted at least over a year before he was succeeded by Hector Hall.

Elinore Stone
Elinore Stone is the mother of Victor Stone, also known as Cyborg, and a scientist at S.T.A.R. Labs. She was killed in a lab accident that forced her husband Silas to turn Victor into a cyborg. She was created by Marv Wolfman and George Pérez and first appeared in New Teen Titans #7 (1981).

Elinore Stone in other media
 Elinore Stone appears in Teen Titans Go! #45 (2007).
 Elinore Stone appears in Doom Patrol, portrayed by Charmin Lee.
 Elinore Stone appears in Zack Snyder's Justice League, portrayed by Karen Bryson.

Silas Stone

Eric Strauss

Eric Strauss (later Eugene DiBellia) debuted in Doctor Fate #1 in July 1987. Created by J.M Dematteis and Keith Giffen, the character was created to replace the original Doctor Fate character, Kent Nelson. He is the second character to assume the Doctor Fate mantle.

Born to wealthy billionaire Henry Strauss and Rebecca Stauss, the latter of whom was abusive to his wife and Eric himself. Selected as a future agent of order, Eric grew up aware of the existence of the Lords of Order, giving him a level of enhanced mystical awareness although it resulted in him possessing an abnormal personality that made him unable to interact with children his age. He also possessed a special connection to his stepmother Linda due to the both of them being selected as future agents of order.

At the age of ten, Eric was chosen as Nabu's next agent to inherit the Doctor Fate mantle, subquentionally aging up the boy in a similar manner to Nelson before although this time, Eric's mind did not mature. He would act as Doctor Fate alongside Linda, the two often merging to become Doctor Fate. Nabu goes on to possess Kent's corpse to personally advise them. The three of them are soon joined by a friendly demon called Petey and lawyer Jack C. Small.

Over time, despite Eric's mind being similar to a child of ten years old, Linda developed romantic feelings for her stepson while Eric reciprocated such feelings.  Eric is eventually killed on Apokolips during a battle with Desaad, forcing Linda to become Doctor Fate on her own. Linda is killed soon afterward by the Lords of Chaos. Eric and Linda's souls were reincarnated in the bodies of Eugene and Wendy DiBellia while Nabu reincarnates in Eugene and Wendy's unborn child.

Linda Strauss

Linda Strauss (later Wendy DiBellia) debuted in Doctor Fate #1 in July 1987. Created by J.M Dematteis and Keith Giffen, the character would eventually serve as the successor to Eric Strauss as Doctor Fate. She is the third character to assume the Doctor Fate mantle and the first female character to serve as Doctor Fate.

Wife to wealthy billionaire Henry Strauss, she would come to regret her marriage with Henry, having married him for his wealth despite the two having an age gap and being subjected to physical and emotional abuse by him before his death. She would also come to care for Eric Strauss, possessing a special connection with him due to being unknowingly selected as an agent of order. She eventually becomes Doctor Fate, often working alongside Eric in tandem while being guided by Nabu, who possessed Kent Nelson's body and is assisted by a friendly demon name Petey and Lawyer, Jack C. Small. Over time, despite Eric's mind being similar to a child of ten years old, Linda developed romantic feelings for her stepson.

Eric is eventually killed on Apokolips during a battle with Desaad, forcing Linda to become Doctor Fate on her own. During her short tenure as Doctor Fate, she would become a member of the Justice League International.  Linda is killed soon afterward by the Lords of Chaos. Eric and Linda's souls were reincarnated in the bodies of Eugene and Wendy DiBellia while Nabu reincarnates in Eugene and Wendy's unborn child.

Streaky the Supercat

Super-Hip

Super-Turtle

Superboy

Supergirl

Superman

Superman robots

Supernova

Superwoman

Abin Sur

Amon Sur

Syl
Syl, also known as Sylvan Ortega, is a young magician, and an apprentice of Gregorio de la Vega, first appearing in DC Pride #1 (June 2021).

Syonide
Syonide is the name of different characters appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.

Tomb Home inmate
The first Syonide is an unnamed inmate at an asylum called the Tomb Home. After escaping from prison, he caught a glimpse of Diana Prince and General Darnell where he had a delusion that they were Pocahontas and John Smith. After a brief fight with Wonder Woman, Syonide made his way to an abandoned house in the woods where Etta Candy was holding a costume party where he made use of some leftover costumes to pose as Chief Powhatan. He proceeded to take the party attendees hostage until he was defeated by Wonder Woman.

Syonide II
The second Syonide is an unnamed man who worked as a mercenary for various criminal organizations like the 100. Tobias Whale of the 100's Metropolis branch hired him to dispose of Black Lightning. In one of his attacks on Black Lightning, Syonide also abducted Peter Gambi so that he and Black Lightning could be executed. When Syonide rigged the gun to kill himself, it also hit Gambi who sacrificed himself to protect Black Lightning.

Syonide III
The third Syonide is an unnamed female assassin who wields an electrical whip. She was hired by Tobias Whale to kidnap Valerie Harper and her parents and bring them to an abandoned warehouse. Tobias revealed to Valerie that Syonide killed her in Markovia. When the Outsiders attacked, Syonide attacked Valerie as her parents are killed trying to fight her. At the advice of Batman, Helga Jace later analyzed Valerie's brain waves and they learned that Valerie has an Aurakle in her which bonded to her body the day that Valerie was killed by Syonide.

Hired by a crime cartel, Syonide later accompanied Merlyn in targeting Phantom Lady when she was protecting a defecting Russian scientist in Casablanca. Both of them were defeated by Flash.

During the "Infinite Crisis" storyline, Syonide appears as a member of Alexander Luthor Jr.'s Secret Society of Super Villains.

Syonide IV
The fourth Syonide is a member of Lady Eve's incarnation of Strike Force Kobra and had a relationship with Fauna Faust. During Strike Force Kobra's fight with the Outsiders, Syonide was killed by Eradicator.

Syonide in other media
An unidentified Syonide appears in Black Lightning, portrayed by Charlbi Dean. This version was an abused and malnourished orphan until she was found and recruited by Tobias Whale at the age of eight. Over the years, he trained her in assassination techniques and put her through a procedure wherein she received sub-dermal carbon fiber armor. Throughout the series, she serves as Whale's henchwoman, hitwoman, and mob enforcer until being killed in battle against Kara Fowdy.

References

 DC Comics characters: S, List of

List of DC Comics characters: S


Horlicks is a sweet malted milk hot drink powder developed by founders James and William Horlick. It was first sold as "Horlick's Infant and Invalids Food", soon adding "aged and travellers" to their label. In the early 20th century, it was sold as a powdered meal replacement drink mix.

'Night starvation' was a fictitious condition invented by Horlicks as an advertising gimmick that was supposedly relieved if a mug of the malt drink was consumed before bedtime. In the song "Goodness gracious me!", the doctor (played by Peter Sellers) mentions night starvation as one of the many possible ailments that his wealthy Italian patient (played by Sophia Loren) might be suffering from, when in  fact the trouble is that they are both lovesick.

It was then marketed as a nutritional supplement and manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline (Consumer Healthcare) in Australia, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, New Zealand, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and the United Kingdom. It is now produced by the Anglo-Dutch company Unilever through its Indian division. Horlicks in the UK is currently owned by Aimia Foods.

On 3 December 2018, Unilever announced they were buying Horlicks Indian business for US$3.8 billion.  The Horlicks UK business had already been sold in 2017 to Aimia Foods, a UK-based subsidiary of Cott Corporation.

In Britain, Horlicks is commonly consumed as a drink near bedtime, and is marketed as an evening drink; in contrast, it has been marketed as a breakfast drink in India.

Ingredients
The main ingredient in the United Kingdom formulation is a mixture of wheat flour and malted wheat (46%), followed by malted barley (26%). As of 2019, the other ingredients include dried whey, calcium carbonate, dried skimmed milk, sugar, palm oil, salt, Anti-Caking Agent (E551), and a mixture of vitamins and minerals. The palm oil used is non-hydrogenated and certified by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. The formulation may vary slightly depending upon the country. For instance, the Indian formulation does not contain oil, but does contain soy protein isolate.

Advertising

Dan Dare, Pilot of the Future serial was sponsored by Horlicks in 1952 and was aired Monday to Friday at 7:15 p.m. over Radio Luxembourg.

In 1961, Horlicks ran a television advertising campaign that featured Scottish entertainer Billy Raymond and an actress. The theme of the advert was "Horlicks – the food drink of the night."

Horlicks was the sponsor of the Lum and Abner Show from 1934 to 1937.

Around the world

India
Horlicks came to India with the British Army; the end of World War I saw Indian soldiers of British Indian Army bringing it back with them as a dietary supplement. Punjab, Bengal and Madras Presidencies became early adopters of Horlicks and many well-to-do Indians took to drinking Horlicks as a family drink in early 1940s and 1950s. It became a sort of status symbol in upper middle class Indians and rich classes. The first flavour available in India, as in Britain, was malt.

India, where it has traditionally been marketed as The Great Family Nourisher, is the largest market for Horlicks. The Indian formulation for Horlicks is slightly different from that used in most other countries, as there it is manufactured from buffalo milk rather than cows milk. In 2003, the brand underwent a revamp which led to the introduction of new flavours such as vanilla, toffee, chocolate, honey, and elaichi (cardamom). The current line-up of flavours include original (malt), chocolate and elaichi. with the latest offering Horlicks Kesar Badaam added recently to the portfolio, providing a more specialized taste offering to the consumers.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the scope of the brand in India. By pushing it to newer segments of the market, Horlicks has become an umbrella brand for a wide variety of products ranging from the flagship malt drink to instant noodles, confectionery and breakfast cereal. Special formulations of the malted drink for young children (Junior Horlicks), breast-feeding mothers (Mother's Horlicks), women (Women's Horlicks) and adults (Lite Horlicks) exist. Horlicks biscuits were first launched in 1993, and an energy bar was launched in 2009, named Horlicks NutriBar. Also in late 2009, Foodles, a brand of instant noodles, was launched under the Horlicks umbrella. This was followed in 2011 by launches of Horlicks Gold, a premium variant of the malt drink (dubbed The Best Horlicks Ever), and Horlicks Oats, the first breakfast cereal product under the Horlicks brand.

In 2010, Horlicks accounted for 85% of the  revenue of GlaxoSmithKline in India. In 2012 it was the most widely consumed packaged beverage in India, after bottled water.

The biggest branding event is Horlicks Wizkids. This event started its way in 2003 and till now has reached approximately 25 million children in all India as well as in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh.

Ahaar Abhiyan is a Horlicks initiative to increase malnutrition-related awareness amongst mothers, families and communities. With the sale of every bottle of Horlicks, the company contributes ₹1 towards the initiative. The campaign attempts to raise awareness about proper nutrition amongst mothers of children aged between 3 and 6 years.

Horlicks Wizkids is an interschool cultural and literary competition for children from class 1 to 12. The competition attracts students from India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh. With more than 30 events in the field of arts, literature, painting and extra-curricular activities, Horlicks Wizkids is South Asia's largest interschool fiesta giving children an opportunity to showcase their talent on a global platform.

The 2013 Edition of Horlicks Wizkids South Asia was held in Bangalore. It consisted of five days of rigorous training sessions, talent rounds, project presentations and other fun, learning and recreational activities. More than 100,000 students from over 1,200 schools participated. Five students from Vizag, Jaipur, Delhi, Hyderabad and Bhubaneshwar earned the title of the Horlicks WizTeam 2013. The winners got an opportunity to go for a learning program to Germany and a cash award of ₹100,000 each.

Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Horlicks is known better as a café drink than as a sleeping aid. It is served at cha chaan tengs as well as fast-food shops such as Café de Coral, Fairwood and Maxim's Express. It can be served hot or cold, and is usually sweetened with sugar. It is made with warm milk, and ice is added to it if a cold drink is desired.

Southeast Asia
In some Southeast Asian countries, such as the Philippines and Malaysia, Horlicks was also sold as milky-chocolate-flavoured discs in paper packets, which were then eaten as candy.  Horlicks remains popular in Malaysia and Singapore where it packed under licence from SmithKline Beecham and sold in large glass and tin containers.  It is also available in 1.5 kg refill packs. "Taller, stronger, sharper" is its slogan.

South Africa
Besides its use as a hot drink prepared with hot milk, Horlicks is also a popular ingredient in "honey and Horlicks" milkshakes in South Africa.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, Horlicks is produced by Aimia Foods. It is available in Traditional (prepared with hot milk), Light (prepared with hot water), and Light Chocolate (prepared with hot water).

GlaxoSmithKline attempted a rebrand of the product in 2004 for younger consumers by redesigning the packaging and publicising its consumption at a number of trendy London venues such as the Groucho Club.

The company also owned Horlicks Farms and Dairies, a cheese, dairy and cattle breeding station at "Hort Bridge", Ilminster, Somerset. (The cattle breeding centre provided an artificial insemination service to farmers). In 1958 it took over the Cheddar Valley Dairy, and by the early 1960s had retail rounds, depots, and shops at Burnham, Cheddar, Clevedon, Glastonbury, Nailsea, Taunton, and Weston-super-Mare.

Company timeline

 1869: William Horlick from Ruardean, Gloucestershire, emigrated to the United States.
 1873: James Horlick, a pharmacist, joined his brother, William, in the US and together they founded the company J & W Horlicks in Chicago to manufacture a patented malted milk drink as an artificial infant food.
 1875: Business moved to larger premises at Racine, Wisconsin, with an abundant supply of spring water.
 1883: US patent 278,967 granted to William for first malted milk drink mixing powder with hot water.
 1890: James returned to London to set up an office importing US-made product.
 1906: Slough selected as site for new factory (see picture).
 1908: Factory construction completed at a cost of £28,000.
 1909–1910: Horlicks became popular as a provision for North Pole and South Pole expeditions by Robert Peary, Roald Amundsen, and Robert Falcon Scott.
 1914: James made a baronet. World War I saw extensive use of Horlicks drink at home and at the front.
 1921: Death of James led company to split, with William having responsibility for the Americas and the sons of James for the rest of the world.
 1928: William Horlick High School founded just north of Horlicks' headquarters in Racine, Wisconsin.
 1931: "Night Starvation" story developed to promote Horlicks as a bedtime drink.
 1935: Richard E. Byrd named the Horlick Mountains on the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf after William, in appreciation of his support.  A small factory opened in Australia for the local market, including New Zealand. Horlicks milky-chocolate-flavoured disks in paper packets, which were eaten as candy, were marketed in the USA via radio commercials touting the ease with which they could be taken to school by children.In the US, Horlicks Tablets were sold as a candy, offered in a glass bottle resembling an aspirin jar. In World War II the tablets were supplied to US, UK and other troops as an energy boosting treat, and included in lifeboat and liferaft rations, and aircrew escape kits. Today they are packaged in foil pouches, manufactured in Malaysia as Horlicks Malties.
 1936: William Horlick died, aged 90.
 1945: The US company was acquired by the UK Horlicks business.
 1952: Horlicks was linked to the successful treatment of gastric ulcers and some forms of diabetes.
 1960: Factory built in Punjab, India, to make Horlicks from buffalo milk.
 1968: Factory built in West Punjab, to supply local demand (including present-day Bangladesh).
 1969: Horlicks acquired by the Beecham Group.
 1975–78: Factory construction and expansion in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.
 1989: Beecham Group became SmithKline Beecham.
 2000: SmithKline Beecham became GlaxoSmithKline.
2017: Horlicks in the UK acquired by Aimia Foods
2019: Horlicks outside of the UK acquired by Unilever

See also

 List of hot beverages
 Malted milk
 Milo (drink)
 Ovaltine

References

External links

Horlicks India website
Chocolate Bourbon
What Do Brits Mean by "Horlicks"? by Brendan I. Koerner
Wisconsin's Malted Milk Story

Unilever brands
Drink brands
English drinks
Jamaican cuisine
Barley-based drinks
Malt-based drinks
Wheat-based drinks
Non-alcoholic drinks

Horlicks


was a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on September 10, 1941. It was often referred to as Iga-Ueno to avoid confusion with other Uenos, including one in Ise Province which is now part of Yokkaichi.

As of 2003, the city had population estimated about 61,753 and the density was 316.26 persons per km². The total area was 195.26 km².

On November 1, 2004, Ueno, along with the towns of Iga (former) and Ayama, the villages of Ōyamada and Shimagahara (all from Ayama District), and the town of Aoyama (from Naga District), were merged to create the city of Iga.

Ueno is the location of Iga Ueno Castle and the Iga-ryū Ninja Museum. In the mid-15th to late 16th century, the site where the castle now stands was the main headquarters of the Iga ikki.

External links
  Official website of Iga

Dissolved municipalities of Mie Prefecture
Iga, Mie

Ueno, Mie


John Smith  (13 September 1938 – 12 May 1994) was a British politician who was the leader of the Labour Party from July 1992 until his death from a heart attack.

John Smith was born in the Scottish town of Dalmally in Argyll and Bute. He became a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) at the 1970 General Election for the constituency of North Lanarkshire (Monklands East from 1983). In 1978, he was given a cabinet post however lost this after Labour's defeat at the 1979 General Election. He continued in the shadow cabinet until 1992, when Labour leader Neil Kinnock resigned and Smith was elected leader. During Smith's time as leader, opinion polls showed that Labour were becoming more likely to win an election than the Conservatives.

On 12 May 1994 in London, Smith died of a heart attack and was buried on the Scottish isle of Iona. Tony Blair replaced Smith as Labour leader on 21 July 1994.

References

1938 births
1994 deaths
British Protestants
Calvinists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Labour Party (UK) MPs
Members of the British House of Commons for Scottish constituencies
Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Scottish Christians
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
British King's Counsel
Politicians from Argyll and Bute

John Smith (Labour Party leader)


Big Dreams and Broken Hearts: The Dottie West Story is a 1995 television biopic about the life of country music singer Dottie West portrayed by Michele Lee. Bill D'Elia directed the film which was shot in Nashville, TN, between July 11 and August 4, 1994. The film first aired on January 22, 1995, on CBS.

Background
The movie chronicles the life and rise to fame of country music singer Dottie West (Lee). It starts off with West as a young child living with her abusive father, then leading to her first big break on the Landmark Jamboree television show in Ohio in the early 50s. The movie then moves to the 60s where West skyrockets to fame as a country music singer with the Top 10 hit "Here Comes My Baby Back Again", which then leads to West winning a Grammy Award in 1965, becoming the first female country singer to win a Grammy. The movie continues providing the highs and lows of West's career, including her new image in the late-70s, where West has her biggest success duetting with Kenny Rogers (who plays himself in the movie). The movie also chronicles some of West's personal problems, including her three marriages and her financial problems, culminating in her death in a car accident.

Lee later described this role as the role she was born to play, and cited the role as one of her favorites. Most of the outfits Lee wore in the movie were West's original clothing, including six wigs, three kinds of artificial nails, and West's infamous Bob Mackie costumes, a total of 56 costumes in all. In addition to Rogers, country singers Larry Gatlin and Loretta Lynn (close friends of West's) portrayed themselves, and Dolly Parton and Willie Nelson also provide narration. West's family, including her children (William, Shelly, Mo, Dale) helped with the making of the movie.

The role of Patsy Cline was to be played by Kate Jackson. When Jackson's health problems necessitated she withdraw from the film just before shooting started in Nashville local stage actress Tere Myers who was appearing at the Ryman Auditorium in a production of Always...Patsy Cline was recruited to take over the role. (During her long association with Always...Patsy Cline, Myers has always played Cline's friend Louise Seeger rather than the singer herself.)

Main cast

Soundtrack
The soundtrack for the movie was not West's original recordings. Michele Lee sang all of West's material for the movie.  The soundtrack is listed as follows:

 "Country Sunshine" (Michele Lee)
 "Act Naturally" (Michele Lee)
 "Welcome to My World" (Michele Lee)
 "Here Comes My Baby Back Again" (Michele Lee)
 "Country Girl" (Michele Lee)
 "Life of the Party" (Larry Gatlin)
 "Every Time Two Fools Collide" (Michele Lee and Kenny Rogers)
 "Anyone Who Isn't Me Tonight" (Michele Lee and Kenny Rogers)
 "Paper Mansions" (Michele Lee)
 "Last Time I Saw Him" (Michele Lee)
 "A Lesson in Leaving" (Michele Lee)
 "Blue as I Want To" (Michele Lee)

The soundtrack was released on CD and cassette.

Award nominations

References

External links

 Michele Lee Online

1995 television films
1995 films
Musical films based on actual events
1990s musical drama films
American biographical drama films
Films set in Tennessee
American musical drama films
Biographical films about musicians
Biographical films about singers
CBS network films
Country music films
Cultural depictions of country musicians
Cultural depictions of American women
Cultural depictions of Patsy Cline
American drama television films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films


David Grossman (; born January 25, 1954) is an Israeli author. His books have been translated into more than 30 languages.

In 2018, he was awarded the Israel Prize for literature.

Biography
David Grossman was born in Jerusalem. He is the elder of two brothers. His mother, Michaella, was born in Mandatory Palestine; his father, Yitzhak, emigrated from Dynów in Poland with his widowed mother at the age of nine. His mother's family was  Labor Zionist and poor. His grandfather paved roads in the Galilee and supplemented his income by buying and selling rugs. His maternal grandmother, a  manicurist,  left Poland after police harassment. Accompanied by her son and daughter, she immigrated to Palestine and worked as a maid in wealthy neighborhoods.

Grossman's father was a bus driver, then a librarian. Among the literature he brought home for his son to read were the stories of Sholem Aleichem.  At age 9, Grossman won a national competition on knowledge of Sholem Aleichem. He worked as a child actor for the national radio and continued working for the Israel Broadcasting Authority for nearly 25 years.

In 1971, Grossman served in the IDF military intelligence corps. He was in the army when the Yom Kippur War broke out in 1973, but saw no action.

Grossman studied philosophy and theater at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Grossman lives in Mevasseret Zion on the outskirts of Jerusalem. He is married to Michal Grossman, a child psychologist. They had three children, Yonatan, Ruthi, and Uri. Uri was a tank-commander in the Israel Defense Forces, and was killed in action on the last day of the 2006 Lebanon War. Uri's life was later celebrated in Grossman's book Falling Out of Time.

Radio career
After university, Grossman became an anchor on Kol Yisrael, Israel's national broadcasting service. In 1988 he was sacked for refusing to bury the news that the Palestinian leadership had declared its own state and conceded Israel's right to exist.

Literary career
He addressed the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in his 2008 novel, To the End of the Land. Since that book's publication he has written a children's book, an opera for children and several poems. His 2014 book, Falling Out of Time, deals with the grief of parents in the aftermath of their children's death. In 2017, he was awarded the Man Booker International Prize in conjunction with his frequent collaborator and translator, Jessica Cohen, for his novel A Horse Walks Into a Bar.

Political activism

Grossman is an outspoken left-wing peace activist. He has been described by The Economist as epitomising Israel's left-leaning cultural elite.

Initially supportive of Israel's action during the 2006 Lebanon War on the grounds of self-defense, on August 10, 2006, he and fellow authors Amos Oz and A.B. Yehoshua held a press conference at which they strongly urged the government to agree to a ceasefire that would create the basis for a negotiated solution, saying: "We had a right to go to war. But things got complicated. ... I believe that there is more than one course of action available."

Two days later, Grossman's 20-year-old son Uri, a Staff Sergeant in the 401st Armored Brigade, was killed in southern Lebanon when his tank was hit by an anti-tank missile shortly before the ceasefire came into effect. Grossman explained that the death of his son did not change his opposition to Israel's policy towards the Palestinians. Although Grossman had carefully avoided writing about politics, in his stories, if not his journalism, the death of his son prompted him to deal with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in greater detail. This appeared in his 2008 book To The End of the Land.

Two months after his son's death, Grossman addressed a crowd of 100,000 Israelis who had gathered to mark the anniversary of the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin in 1995. He denounced Ehud Olmert's government for a failure of leadership and he argued that reaching out to the Palestinians was the best hope for progress in the region:
"Of course I am grieving, but my pain is greater than my anger. I am in pain for this country and for what you [Olmert] and your friends are doing to it."

About his personal link to the war, Grossman said: "There were people who stereotyped me, who considered me this naive leftist who would never send his own children into the army, who didn't know what life was made of. I think those people were forced to realise that you can be very critical of Israel and yet still be an integral part of it; I speak as a reservist in the Israeli army myself.

In 2010 Grossman, his wife, and her family attended demonstrations against the spread of Israeli settlements. While attending weekly demonstrations in Sheikh Jarrah in East Jerusalem against Jewish settlers taking over houses in Palestinian neighbourhoods, he was assaulted by police. When asked by a reporter for The Guardian about how a renowned writer could be beaten, he replied: "I don't know if they know me at all."

Awards and recognition
In 2015, Grossman withdrew his candidacy for the Israel Prize for Literature after Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu tried to remove two of the judging panel who he claimed were "anti-Zionist". He was awarded the prize in 2018.
 1984: Prime Minister's Prize for Creative Work
 1985: Bernstein Prize (original Hebrew novel category)
 1991: Nelly Sachs Prize
 1993: Bernstein Prize (original Hebrew novel category)
 2001: Sapir Prize for Someone to Run With
 2004: JQ Wingate Prize (fiction) for Someone to Run With
 2004: Italian prize Premio Flaiano;
 2004: Bialik Prize for literature (with Haya Shenhav and Ephraim Sidon)
 2007: Emet Prize
 2007: Ischia International Journalism Award
 2007: honorary Doctor Honoris Causa by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
 2008: Geschwister-Scholl-Preis
 2010: Albatros Literaturpreis for To the End of the Land, with German translator Anne Birch Hauer
 2010: Peace Prize of the German Book Trade
2010: National Jewish Book Award for To the End of the Land
 2011: JQ Wingate Prize for To the End of the Land
 2015: St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates
 2017: Man Booker International Prize for A Horse Walks into a Bar (with translator Jessica Cohen)
 2018: Israel Prize
 2021: Elected a Royal Society of Literature International Writer
 2022: Winner of the Erasmus Prize.

Works translated into English

Fiction
 Duel [דו קרב / Du-krav, 1982]. London: Bloomsbury, 1998,
 The Smile of the Lamb [חיוך הגדי / Hiyukh ha-gedi: roman, 1983]. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1990,
 See Under: Love [עיין ערך: אהבה / Ayen erekh—-ahavah: roman, 1986]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1989,
 The Book of Intimate Grammar [ספר הדקדוק הפנימי / Sefer ha-dikduk ha-penimi: roman, 1991]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1994,
 The Zigzag Kid [יש ילדים זיג זג  / Yesh yeladim zigzag, 1994]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997,  – won two prizes in Italy: the Premio Mondello in 1996, and the Premio Grinzane Cavour in 1997.
 Be My Knife [שתהיי לי הסכין / She-tihyi li ha-sakin, 1998]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2001,
 Someone to Run With [מישהו לרוץ איתו / Mishehu laruts ito, 2000]. London: Bloomsbury, 2003,
 Her Body Knows: two novellas [בגוף אני מבינה / Ba-guf ani mevinah: tsemed novelot, 2003]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2005,
 To the End of the Land [אישה בורחת מבשורה / Isha Borahat MiBesora, 2008]. Jessica Cohen, trans. Knopf, 2010,
 Falling Out of Time. Jessica Cohen, trans. Knopf, 2014,
 A Horse Walks Into a Bar: A Novel. [סוס אחד נכנס לְבָּר / Soos Echad Nechnas L'bar]. Jessica Cohen, trans. Knopf, 2017,
 More Than I Love My Life, 2019, אתי החיים משחק הרבה

Nonfiction
 The Yellow Wind [הזמן הצהוב / Ha-Zeman ha-tsahov, 1987]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1988,
 Sleeping on a Wire: Conversations with Palestinians in Israel [נוכחים נפקדים / Nokhehim Nifkadim, 1992]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1993,
 Death as a Way of Life: Israel Ten Years after Oslo [מוות כדרך חיים / Mavet ke-derech khayyim, 2003]. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2003,
 Lion's honey : the myth of Samson [דבש אריות / Dvash arayiot, 2005]. Edinburgh; New York: Canongate, 2006,
 Writing in the Dark: Essays on Literature and Politics New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2008,

Films
 The Smile of the Lamb, award-winning film written and directed by Shimon Dotan, based on the Grossman novel by the same name.
 Someone to Run With, directed by Oded Davidoff, based on the Grossman novel by the same name.
The Book of Intimate Grammar was the basis for an award-winning film by Nir Bergman.
 The Zigzag Kid, directed by Vincent Bal, based on the Grossman novel by the same name.

See also

Israeli literature

References

External links

 David Grossman: "Writing against the Mechanism of Retaliation", Qantara.de, 13-10-2010.
 Institute for Translation of Hebrew Literature, David Grossman (bibliography with brief biography). Retrieved January 12, 2005.
 Eli ESHED, "Is Naava Home? Naava's Not Home" נאווה בבית? נאווה לא בבית] (Hebrew). Retrieved January 12, 2005.
 Grossman's speech at the Rabin Memorial November 4, 2006  Retrieved November 20, 2006.
 internationales literaturfestival berlin https://web.archive.org/web/20081007232013/http://www.literaturfestival.com/bios1_3_6_989.html

 Johanna Baum, "A Literary Analysis of Tramatic  Neurosis in Israeli Society: David Grossman's See Under: Love", Other Voices, vol. 2.1.

1954 births
Living people
Bernstein Prize recipients
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli Jews
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Israeli non-fiction writers
Israeli novelists
Israeli children's writers
Jewish anti-war activists
Jewish Israeli writers
Writers from Jerusalem
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Prix Médicis étranger winners
International Booker Prize winners
Recipients of Ischia International Journalism Award

David Grossman


Qatar is an Islamic state with multi-religious minorities like most of the Persian Gulf countries with waves of migration over the last 30 years. The official state religion is Sunni Islam. The community is made up of Sunni and Shi'a Muslims, Christians, Hindus, and small groups of Buddhists and Baha'is. Muslims form 65.5% of the Qatari population, followed by Hindus at 15.4%, Christians at 14.2%, Buddhists at 3.3% and the rest 1.9% of the population follow other religions or are unaffiliated. Qatar is also home to numerous other religions mostly from the Middle East and Asia.

The country has also hosted numerous interfaith dialogue conferences.

Islam

The state religion in Qatar is Islam. Most Qataris belong to the Sunni sect of Islam. Shiites comprise around 10% of Qatar's Muslim population. Religious policy is set by the Ministry of Islamic Affairs and Islamic instruction is compulsory for Muslims in all state-sponsored schools.

The state mosque is the Mohammed Bin Abdul Wahab mosque, which is located in the Lejbailat neighbourhood and was designed by renowned Qatari architect Ibrahim Jaidah, drawing on traditional Qatari architecture.

The Abdulla Bin Zaid Al Mahmoud Islamic Cultural Center is located in the Al Souq neighbourhood of Doha, adjacent to Souq Waqif. The center provides Arabic lessons to beginners and intermediate speakers.

At the tertiary level, Islamic Studies is taught at Qatar University, and at Hamad Bin Khalifa University's (HBKU) Faculty of Islamic Studies where a master's degree is offered. Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, the consort of the Father Emir and mother of current Emir, is the most notable graduate.

Education City is also home to the Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE), a think tank founded in 2012 and headed by Swiss political philosopher Professor Tariq Ramadan of the University of Oxford.

Islam's role in scientific discovery has also been an area of interest for the Qatar Foundation, and recently, the Society for Muslim Scientists was established with prominent members. In 2010, the joint venture between Bloomsbury Publishing and Qatar Foundation began, which saw them publish the book, 'Science in Islam'.

Hinduism

Hindus make up 15.1% of Qatar. There are an estimated 422,118 Hindus in the country. Many Hindus are from South and Southeast Asia.

Christianity

The Christian community in Qatar is a diverse mix of European, North and South American, Asian, Middle Eastern and African expatriates. In 2023, they form around 13.7% of the total population, being mainly made up of foreign workers from the Philippines, Europe, and India.

No foreign missionary groups operate openly in the country. In May 2005, the Qatari Government leased a piece of property on the outskirts of Doha to the representatives of Christian churches in the country for the construction of Church buildings. A 2015 study estimates some 200 believers in Christ from a Muslim background, though not all of those are necessarily citizens.

Buddhism

In 2020, Buddhism was represented by between 1.8-3.8% of the population of Qatar, mainly comprising migrant workers from South-East Asia and East Asia especially from China, South Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

Freedom of religion
In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom.

See also
 Islam in Qatar
 Christianity in Qatar
 Catholic Church in Qatar
 Protestantism in Qatar
 History of the Jews in Qatar
 Freedom of religion in Qatar

References

External links
 About Qatar

Human rights in Qatar

Religion in Qatar


Upāsakadaśāh is the seventh of the 12 Jain āgamas said to be promulgated by Māhavīra himself. Upāsakadaśāh  translated as "Ten Chapters on Lay Attenders" is said to have been composed by Ganadhara Sudharmaswami as per the Śvetámbara tradition.

Subject matter
It contains stories describing the piety of the advanced laymen and their fortitude in face of demonic attacks.

English translations
Popular English Translations are  :-
Illustrated SRI UPASAKADASA SUTRA Prakrit Gatha - Hindi exposition - English exposition and Appendices Ed. by Pravartaka Amar Muni, Shrichand Surana, Eng. tr. by Surendra Bothra

Agamas
Jain texts

Upasakadasah


Frank Erastus Webner (1865–1940s) was an American consulting cost accountant, and early management author, known for his work on cost accounting.

Life and work
Webner had started working in the field of public accountancy in the 1890s. He obtained his Certified Public Accountant license for Illinois and Ohio in 1904, while working for the American Audit Company, Traction building, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Late in the 1900s Webner was employed by the American Mechanical Calculator Company. In the 1910s he became manager at J. Lee Nicholson & Co, and in the 1920 continued to work as Certified Public Accountant and specialist in cost accounting. Webner wrote a series of books on cost accounting and factory management, and frequent lectured before many of the largest universities in the country. In his days he was noted as one of the best-known certified public accountants in the country. He

At the turn of the 20th century, factory management was faced with the problem how overhead cost should be assigned to products. According to Levant & Zimnovitch "other problems also appeared at this time in the modelling of costing systems, such as how to distinguish between "production" cost centres working directly for production and "service provider" cost centres working for other centres, making it necessary to cascade the distribution of the charges related to these cost centres. Garner (1954) refers to Nicholson (1913) as well as to Webner (1917) and Taylor for how this problem was tackled."

Work

Factory Accounting, 1917

Frank E. Webner's 1917 book entitled Factory Accounting formed one of the texts on higher accountancy of the La Salle Extension University. As it is generally understood, the primary use to which all of these texts were to be put was correspondence instruction. A growing secondary consideration in offering them to the public was that they supplied a need, very real in some quarters, for satisfactory texts for School and collegiate instruction.

As should be the case, according to R.B. Kester (1917), to carry out the purpose indicated above, the volume was better adapted to its primary use, although providing a fairly satisfactory text for classroom use. Webner's broad experience in the field of practice marked him an authority as to what is needed for preparation for that line of work. Although he has been a frequent lecturer before many of the largest universities in the country, he does not realize, or, realizing, has not fully overcome all of the difficulties encountered when trying to present to students a difficult subject of which they know little from actual experience. However, in an effort to meet this difficulty the author has vitalized the book by an elaborate use of charts and illustrations which should bring home to the student the many intricacies of the subject if not, in all instances, clarifying the difficult points. The present day tendency to visualize everything by means of charts and graphs has led in a few places to a charting of things which do not lend themselves well to that method of presentation and so has cheapened the product. Fortunately, instances of this are not numerous in the present volume.

Webner's discussion of the human element is very good and calls attention to a subject which needs more attention than it generally receives. The content of the book is sufficiently indicated by the four main divisions:
 Organization,
 Controlling Records,
 Industrial Classification, and
 Production Elements.

One acquainted with Webner's earlier volume, Factory Costs, misses in the present volume much of the well thought out and philosophic treatment of the troublesome problem of burden application so ably presented there. The difference in scope and purpose of the two books accounts for its omission from the present volume. On the whole Factory Accounting is an able presentation of the subject of costs, is somewhat broader than the usual treatment, and should prove a satisfactory text for students.

Selected publications
 Frank Erastus Webner. The Organization of a Cost Department. J.R. Dunlap, 1908.
 Webner, F. E. Factory costs, a work of reference for cost accountants and factory managers. 1911
 Webner, Frank Erastus. Factory Accounting. La Salle extension university, 1917; 1921; 1922.
 Webner, Frank Erastus. Factory Overhead. White Press Company, Incorporated, 1924.

Articles, a selection:
 Webner, F. E. "Taylor's Contribution to Cost Accounting: a Comment." The Accounting Historians Journal: 9–2.

Patents
 Webner, Frank E. "Mechanical calculator." U.S. Patent No. 997,483. 11 Jul. 1911.

References

Attribution
 This article incorporates public domain material from: R. B. Kester. "Reviewed Work: Factory Accounting", 1917, and some other PD sources listed.

External links

1865 births
1940s deaths
American accountants
American business theorists

Frank E. Webner


William Wilson (13 November 1844 – 1 June 1912) was a late 19th-century British journalist, swimming instructor and coach, contributor to the scientific techniques behind competitive swimming, and originator of the game of water polo. In 1883, Wilson published "The Swimming Instructor," one of the first books on swimming to define modern concepts of stroke efficiency, training, racing turns and water safety.

Water polo
In 1877, Wilson drew up a set of rules for a team water ball game, which he called "aquatic football". The first game took place between the banks of the River Dee at the Bon Accord Festival in Aberdeen, Scotland. Flags were placed eight or ten feet apart on the shore and players used a soft ball of Indian rubber, called a pulu. The game was a wrestling match from end to end of the field of play but was popular with the spectators of the aquatic festivals of the era. Wilson had developed the sport while Baths Master at the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow.

In 1885, the Swimming Association of Great Britain, recognized the game, now called water polo, and formulated a set of rules expanding on Wilson's rulebook. These eventually became the basis of FINA international rules, as the sport spread to Europe, America and Australia.

Lifesaving
In 1891, Wilson published a number of illustrated newspaper articles on lifesaving drills and awarded prizes to local swimming clubs for proficiency in lifesaving techniques. Wilson's methods circulated in the form of a handbook, and in recognition of his contribution, he was elected the first Life Governor of the Royal Lifesaving Society.

References

External links

Profile of William Wilson's Contributions to Swimming Techniques, by Cecil Colwin (1999)

1844 births
1912 deaths
British male journalists
Sports inventors and innovators
British water polo people
History of water polo
English swimming coaches

William Wilson (aquatics)


Kaisa Brita Melanton née Björklund (1920–2012) was a pioneering Swedish textile artist who is remembered in particular for the large, post-modernist works she created for local authorities, theatres and churches. She employed a variety of techniques including embroidery and weaving. From 1969 to 1979, she served as head of the textile department at Konstfack, the Swedish University of Arts, Crafts and Design, and in 1974 was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts.

Early life and education
Born on 1 January 1920 in Stockholm, Kaisa Brita Björklund was the daughter of the engineer Erik Einar Björklund and his wife Estrid Birgitta Nikolina née Larsson. She was brought up in the middle-class suburb of Täby where she was introduced to weaving by her maternal grandmother.

When she was 18, she spent a year training as a art teacher at Konstfack but then transferred to courses in textiles under Barbro Nilsson (1899–1983), graduating in 1943. She married fellow student Erland Melanton who became a drawing teacher in Örnsköldsvik. The family spent a number of years there before returning to Stockholm. They had four children together: Lotta, Stina, Jörgen and Johan.

Career
Kaisa Melanton began working with Handarbetets Vänner in the early 1950s, collaborating on the Russian weave technique to produce Blå eld (1963) for the theatre and library in Eskilstuna and the enormous Vandring i Solnaskogen tapestry (1965) for the city hall in Solna. She went on to design the Det fria ordet triptych, inspired by summer on the island of Öland. In 1969, Melanton succeeded Edna Martin as the head textile teacher at Konstfack where she remained for ten years. In parallel, she worked for the Båstad textile company, Märta Måås-Fjetterström AB.

Throughout her life, she created works for churches and municipal authorities. In particular, commissioned by the arts council Statens Konstråd, she created a series of works for the Swedish Enforcement Authority which can now be seen in Stockholm's National Museum of Fine Arts. They were produced in a variety of techniques including application, embroidery and weaving. In 1974, she was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy. She continued to be active in later life, producing a number of works for the Stockholm Concert Hall in 2002. In 1980, she was awarded the Prince Eugen Medal.

Kaisa Melanton died in Stockholm on 12 November 2012.

References

Further reading

External links
Kaisa Melanton, NationalMuseum, with illustrations of her work

1920 births
2012 deaths
20th-century Swedish women artists
20th-century Swedish artists
21st-century Swedish women artists
21st-century Swedish artists
Swedish textile artists
Swedish textile designers
People from Täby Municipality
Recipients of the Prince Eugen Medal
Konstfack alumni
Academic staff of Konstfack
Swedish embroiderers

Kaisa Melanton


Robert Kerns (June 8, 1933, Detroit - February 15, 1989, Vienna) was an American baritone, he was a stylish and versatile singer with a wide repertoire.

Life and career

Kerns studied at the University of Michigan, and made his debut in 1955 in Toledo, Ohio, as Sharpless in Madama Butterfly. After one year with the New York City Opera, he left for Europe in 1960, where he was engaged at the Zurich Opera where in 1961 he sang Kostandis in the world premiere of Martinů's The Greek Passion.

In 1963, he began a long association with the Vienna State Opera, and made his debut at the Royal Opera House in 1964, as Billy Budd. He made his debut at the Paris Opéra in 1973, and became the same year a permanent guest at the Deutsche Oper Berlin.

He was also a regular guest at the Aix-en-Provence Festival and the Salzburg Festival, where he sang notably; Almaviva in Le nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, Guglielmo in Così fan tutte, Papageno in The Magic Flute, Arlequin in Ariadne auf Naxos, as well as Figaro in Il barbiere di Siviglia, and Belcore in L'elisir d'amore.

Later he took on heavier roles such as, Germont, Posa, both Ford and Falstaff, as well as Marcello, Scarpia, and  Onegin. He also included a few Wagner roles such as Wolfram, Donner, and Amfortas, in which his vocal and acting abilities were put to fine effect.

Robert Kerns made relatively few recordings, the best known being Sharpless in Madama Butterfly, opposite Mirella Freni, Luciano Pavarotti and Christa Ludwig, under Herbert von Karajan; as The King's Herald in Lohengrin (opera), opposite René Kollo, Anna Tomowa-Sintow and Siegmund Nimsgern, and as Donner in Das Rheingold under the same conductor.

Sources
 Grove Music Online, Elizabeth Forbes, Oxford University Press, 2008.

1933 births
1989 deaths
American operatic baritones
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American male opera singers

Robert Kerns


Holodactylus africanus, also known as the African clawed gecko, Boettger's strong-clawed gecko, or African whole-toed gecko, is a species of gecko that is commonly found in Eastern Africa. The gecko has a big head, thin body, stumpy tail, and has tan and brown bands. The adults are 3 and a half to four inches long.

References

Holodactylus
Reptiles described in 1893

Holodactylus africanus


Richard Earl "Reb" Beach Jr. (born August 31, 1963) is an American rock guitarist. He is a member of the bands Winger and Whitesnake.

Career
After graduating from Fox Chapel Area High School and attending Berklee College of Music in the early 1980s, he played in Fiona's backing band and became an accomplished studio musician, working with the likes of Howard Jones, Chaka Khan, The Bee Gees, Twisted Sister, and Roger Daltrey, among others, showcasing Beach's ability to adapt to various musical styles.

While working with Fiona, he was introduced to Kip Winger, who was touring with Alice Cooper at the time. Eventually they formed the band Sahara along with Rod Morgenstein and Paul Taylor, which was later renamed to Winger.

Winger recorded and toured in support of three albums, Winger (1988), In the Heart of the Young (1990) and Pull (1993). The band also released a number of hit singles, including "Seventeen", "Madalaine", "Headed for a Heartbreak" and "Miles Away".

After Winger disbanded in the mid-1990s, Beach first joined Alice Cooper's band and later replaced George Lynch in the heavy metal band Dokken. With Dokken he recorded one studio album, titled Erase the Slate, and a live DVD, titled Live from the Sun.

He was also involved with Sega, as he recorded the soundtrack for the video game Daytona USA 2.

Since leaving Dokken, Beach has been a part of several different recording and touring projects. In addition to sporadic touring with Winger, he released a solo effort entitled Masquerade in 2002. Since 2002, he has been a member of David Coverdale's current incarnation of Whitesnake and has been the longest-serving guitarist/member of the band to this day, excluding Coverdale.

A "supergroup" project called The Mob with King's X frontman dUg Pinnick and Night Ranger drummer Kelly Keagy resulted in a single self-titled album, released in 2005.

A reformed Winger released their first studio recording in over a decade, IV, in 2006.

He replaced Jeff Watson in Night Ranger for a series of dates in Japan and the US, but announced his departure in January 2008.

He splits his time between Winger and Whitesnake, recording Better Days Comin' in 2014 with the former band, and The Purple Album with the latter in 2015. He continues to tour with both acts.

According to bandmate Kip Winger, Reb is quite adept at coming up with multiple rock riffs at a time, though he is often unable to remember them later.

Ibanez guitars produced his signature RBM models (stands for Reb Beach Model) in the early 1990s. On the 2005 Whitesnake reunion tour, he primarily used custom models by luthier Suhr Guitars.

In 2023, Winger released its seventh studio album, Seven (Winger album).

Discography

Guest appearances
Howard Jones – One to One (1986)
Chaka Khan – Destiny (1986)
Bee Gees – E•S•P (1987) on the songs, "E•S•P", "Overnight"
Twisted Sister – Love Is for Suckers (1987)
The Lost Boys soundtrack (1987) with Roger Daltrey on the song, "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me"
Brian McDonald Group – Desperate Business (1988)
Minoru Niihara – One (1989)
Xenon – America's New Design (1989)
The Karate Kid Part III soundtrack (1989) with Winger on the song "Out for the Count"
Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey soundtrack (1991) with Winger on the song "Battle Stations"
Guitars that Rule the World (1991)
Danger Danger – Cockroach (1993)
Smoke on the Water – A Tribute to Deep Purple (1994)
Andy Timmons – EarX-tacy 2 (1997)
Alice Cooper – A Fistful of Alice (1997)
Guitar Battle (1998)
Daytona USA 2 Game soundtrack (1998)
This Conversation Seems Like a Dream (1998)
Bat Head Soup – A Tribute to Ozzy Osbourne (2000)
A Tribute to Van Halen (2000)
Brian McDonald – Wind it Up (2000)
War and Peace – Light at the End of the Tunnel (2000)
Stone Cold Queen: A Tribute (2001)
Brian McDonald – Voyage (2003)
Ken Tamplin and Friends – Wake the Nations (2003)
XCarnation – Grounded (2005)
Kelly Keagy – I'm Alive (2006)
Northern Light Orchestra – Celebrate Christmas (2010)
Rob Moratti – Victory (2011)

Video albums
Winger – The Videos: Volume One (1989)
Winger – In the Heart of the Young (1990)
Winger – In the Heart of the Young Part 2 (1991)
Winger – Live in Tokyo (1991)
Solo – Cutting Loose VHS (Instructional videos, 1991)
Winger – The Making of Pull (1993)
Dokken – Live from the Sun (2002)
Solo – Homegrown Private Lesson Volume 1 DVD (Instructional videos, 2003)
Whitesnake – Live... in the Still of the Night (2006)
Winger – The Making of Winger IV (2006)
Winger – Winger Live (2007)

See also
Winger
The Mob
Whitesnake
Alice Cooper

References

External links

 Official website
 Official Whitesnake website

1963 births
Living people
Lead guitarists
Musicians from Pittsburgh
American rock guitarists
American heavy metal guitarists
Glam metal musicians
Alice Cooper (band) members
Dokken members
Night Ranger members
Winger (band) members
Whitesnake members
Berklee College of Music alumni
Progressive metal guitarists
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male musicians
The Mob (American band) members

Reb Beach