Wabash Valley College (WVC) is a public community college in Mount Carmel, Illinois. It is part of the Illinois Eastern Community College (IECC) district.

History
Wabash Valley College was founded independently in 1960 by the local community school district. In 1969, it joined with Olney Central College to create a two college district, a relationship that was expanded in May of that year with the addition of Lincoln Trail College. In October 1969, a $5.9 million bond issue was approved to finance the construction of permanent campuses for each of the three colleges. In 1978, IECC became a four college district with the addition of Frontier Community College.

Academics

Radio/TV & Digital Media Program
Students in the Radio/TV & Digital Media Program operate a college radio station at 89.1 MHz, WVJC The Bash that reaches as far east as Perry County, Indiana and as far west as Clinton County, Illinois that plays alternative music, manned by student DJs.  The station is also streamed online. In addition to alternative rock, the station is also home to Wabash Valley College Warrior sports play by play coverage. WVJC has RDS.

The program also operates a local cable TV channel - News Channel 15 which can be seen on the Sparklight cable TV system in 8 counties in southeastern Illinois including Edwards, Hamilton, Jasper, Lawrence, Richland, Wabash, Wayne, and White counties. Programming on News Channel 15 includes local high school and college sporting events, local events, and a local newscast which airs weeknights at 5:30, 6:00, 6:30, 10, and 10:30 p.m. The station also covers breaking news and severe weather. The channel is also available through the Cablecast Screenweave channel on Roku and Apple TV smart devices.

Athletics

Wabash Valley College's athletic teams compete in the top division of the National Junior College Athletic Association in the Great Rivers Athletic Conference.

Baseball
The Warriors are perennially a national powerhouse, grabbing a reputation as one of the best junior college programs in the country. At "The Bash", the players are greatly encouraged to give back to their community in more ways than winning baseball games. The baseball program has had players "adopt-a-highway", "walk for diabetes", read to elementary classrooms, rake leaves for the elderly and all-around help with the Wabash Valley College and its campus whenever labor is needed. Other community services the Wabash Valley College Baseball program has offered and continues to offer its support by volunteer help given to the local Wabash Valley YMCA. The baseball players referee children's flag football games, soccer games, and basketball games. The idea behind this type of volunteer work is that the local YMCA will not need to spend a large amount of its funds on referee fees and can use that money for other more important or improvement projects that can help the YMCA be more effective and better equipped to give children the opportunities to be more active and build character. In 2022 the Warriors finished 4th at the JUCO World Series in Grand Junction, Co. The Warriors returned the following year in 2023 and finished 2nd in the JUCO World Series.

Men's Basketball
The men's basketball team at Wabash Valley College has known a number of success throughout the years. The team throughout its history has had a number of prolific coaches, including: Mark Coomes, Jay Harrington, Jay Spoonhour (under which the men won a national championship) and Dan Sparks, who was inducted into the National Junior College Athletic Association basketball hall of fame. They have won 12 Great Rivers Athletic Conference championships and 14 Region XXIV championships, and an NCJAA National Championship.

References

External links
Official website
Official athletics website

Community colleges in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Wabash County, Illinois
Education in Wabash County, Illinois
Mount Carmel, Illinois
NJCAA athletics
1960 establishments in Illinois

Wabash Valley College


Stefan Kretzschmar (; born 17 February 1973) is a retired professional German handball player.  The son of Peter Kretzschmar, a legendary handball player and coach in the former GDR (East Germany) and Waltraud Kretzschmar, a former handball player for the East German team and winner of Olympic team medals in silver (1976) and bronze (1980), he was a three-time Olympic athlete and winner of the Olympic silver medal with the German team in 2004.  He is well known for his many tattoos and piercings.  He ended his active career on 14 July 2007 and currently resides in Magdeburg, Germany, where he continues to hold a position with the local handball club, SC Magdeburg. His daughter Lucie-Marie Kretzschmar is a professional handball player too and member of the German national team.

Honours
Handballer of the year: 1994, 1995
Silver Medal (Runners-up), World Championships, 2003
International All Star-Team: 1994
DHB-Supercup: 2007
Handball European Cup: 2002
EHF Cup: 2007

See also
Sportvereinigung (SV) Dynamo

References

 Website
 SC Magdeburg
 Time Magazine Profile

1973 births
Living people
German male handball players
Olympic handball players for Germany
Handball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Handball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in handball
Sportspeople from Leipzig
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
SC Magdeburg players
People from Bezirk Leipzig

Stefan Kretzschmar


Alex Whitmore Brooks (born August 21, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played, as an undrafted player, 19 games in the National Hockey League for the New Jersey Devils in the 2006–07 season.

Playing career
Undrafted and out of college from the University of Wisconsin, Brooks took his game to Jokerit of the Finnish First League. The New Jersey Devils, attracted to Brooks' tough defensive play, signed the defenseman to an entry-level contract. Brooks spent four years with the Devils' minor league affiliate, the Albany River Rats. When veteran center Pascal Rheaume was traded, Brooks was named captain, and held that post even after the team relocated to Lowell.

In the 2006–07 season, when several Devils were injured, including Colin White, Johnny Oduya, and Brad Lukowich, Brooks was called up, playing 19 games and scoring 1 assist to go along with 4 PIM. Then, in a game against the St. Louis Blues, Brooks broke his foot, and was subsequently sent back to Lowell, and was replaced by Andy Greene. He returned to Lowell and regained his post as captain. Andy Greene flourished, and thus, Brooks was left in Lowell.

On August 9, 2007, Brooks signed on with the St. Louis Blues. However, with chances limited, Brooks provided a veteran presence in Peoria, the Blues minor league squad.  He played one season with the Chicago Wolves of the AHL before returning to Finland and Jokerit for the 2009–10 season.

Brooks played his final professional season with Karlskrona HK of the Swedish Division 1 in 2010–11 before retiring and joining the Chicago Blackhawks staff as a pro scout.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Awards and honors

References

External links

1976 births
Albany River Rats players
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Chicago Blackhawks scouts
Green Bay Gamblers players
Jokerit players
Karlskrona HK players
Living people
Lowell Devils players
New Jersey Devils players
Ice hockey people from Madison, Wisconsin
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey players
Ice hockey players from Wisconsin

Alex Brooks


Mt. Zion Christian Methodist Episcopal Church, formerly Mt. Zion Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, is a historic African-American church in Union City, Tennessee, at the corner of North Greenwood and East College Streets.

The Mt. Zion congregation was organized in 1870, the same year that the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church was formed as a new denomination by African Americans who had been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.  In its early years, the congregation worshiped in a frame church in Union City's African-American neighborhood. By the 1890s, the growth of the congregation and the increasing prosperity of its members led it to start a larger brick church building. The new church was constructed by church members and dedicated in 1896. Its architecture is a vernacular interpretation of the Gothic Revival style popular in the late 19th century.

The original 1896 brick building houses the church sanctuary. It is a symmetrical basilica design with gable ends and a bell tower. A notable feature of the interior is its unusual hipped ceiling. The ceiling, which is elevated about  above the floor, has three sections formed of narrow wooden planks suspended from the rafters. The center section of planks is parallel to the floor. The side sections angle down to the brick walls. Overhead lighting in the sanctuary comes from four Victorian-era branched metal fixtures, originally made for gas lighting and converted to electricity around 1920, that hang from the hipped ceiling. Each fixture has sixteen bulbs; their light is directed by a large open circular shade mounted above the bulbs. As of 1996, the church still had its original pews. Panels on the ends of the pews are embellished with Gothic arches, echoing the shape of the windows.

In 1917, the Mt. Zion church sponsored the building of a new schoolhouse for African-American children. The new brick schoolhouse, named Miles School, was built on North Greenwood Street directly across from the church. Together, the church and the school functioned as important centers for the local African-American community. The original Miles School building was replaced by a newer building in the 1950s or 1960s, but the location continued to be the site of Union City's segregated black school. The location continues to be used for education; as of 2014 it is the site of the Miles Early Head Start center.

A community and classroom building was added onto the rear of the church building around 1940. In 1956, when its denomination changed its name from "Colored Methodist Episcopal" to "Christian Methodist Episcopal", the Mt. Zion church adopted its current name.  The congregation disorganized in 2005, but it was restarted in 2007 under the pastoral leadership of Darrell Turner, who had grown up in the church.

When the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001, it was described as Union City's "oldest remaining architectural artifact of African-American craftsmanship of the late Victorian era."

References

19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
1870 establishments in Tennessee
Buildings and structures in Obion County, Tennessee
Christian Methodist Episcopal churches in Tennessee
Churches completed in 1896
Gothic Revival church buildings in Tennessee
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Religious organizations established in 1870
National Register of Historic Places in Obion County, Tennessee


Sir Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari KCIE, CSI (12 October 1894 – 28 December 1948) was an Indian civil servant and politician. He was the last British-appointed Governor of the province of Assam, who also continued in the role after Indian independence.

Early life

Hydari was born to Amina and Sir Akbar Hydari, a Sulaimani Bohra Muslim family, on 12 October 1894. He was one of seven children. The lawyer and eminent Congressman Badruddin Tyabji was his granduncle. He completed his studies in Bombay and Oxford and entered the Indian civil service in 1919 beginning his career in the Madras Presidency.

Career

In June 1924, Hydari was appointed the undersecretary in the Department of Education, Health and Lands of the imperial government. He then served as Agent to the Governor of Ceylon from October 1927 to June 1929 dealing with welfare and rights of the large Indian labour force in the plantations. After the creation of Imperial Council of Agricultural Research in 1929, he became its secretary.

Hydari, in the position of joint secretary to the delegation from the Indian states first and later as Adviser to the delegation from Hyderabad State led by his father, visited London for the Round Table Conferences. Speaking at the second Conference on the State's behalf, he called for "work[ing] in harmony ... for the Greater and United India". On the discussions that followed the second Conference, he was a member of the Federal Finance Committee and the Consultative Committee.

Subsequently, Hydari returned to the Department of Education, Health and Lands as its joint secretary and then served as secretary of the Labour Department. During the early stages of World War II, he represented India on the Eastern Group Supply Council, a body set up to co-ordinate the build-up of supplies in the British colonies and dominions east of Suez. He was then placed on special duty in the Foreign Affairs Department. In 1945, he was appointed a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council and was given the charge of Information and Broadcasting Department.

Upon the formation of an interim government in 1946, Hydari was given the charge of labour, works, mines, power, information and arts, and health. In January 1947, his appointment as the Governor of Assam was approved by King George VI, and he was to take office in May after the completion of Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow's term. He took office on 4 May and he continued to hold the post following independence. With the Naga movement on during the time, in its demand for an independent State, Hydari signed a nine-point agreement with Naga National Convention in June.

Personal life

Hydari married Sigrid Westling, a Swedish woman, and they had three children together: son and namesake Akbar Hydari III (1919–1998) and two daughters. His son Hydari served as the Chairman of Western India Match Company (WIMCO) Ltd. from 1964 till the 1980s, later, the Director of Facit Asia and Honorary Swedish Consul in Madras.

Hydari died from a stroke at 6:30 p.m. (IST) on 28 December 1948 in a dak bungalow in Waikhong, a village  away from Imphal in the princely state of Manipur. Serving as the Governor of Assam during the time, he was on a tour of Manipur with his wife and son; his tribal adviser N. K. Rustomjee and military secretary Major Dhamija. Starting 3 p.m. (IST) on 29 December, his body, in a coffin draped in the National and Governor's flag, was carried in a procession led by a contingent of Assam Rifles to the cemetery in the Imphal Cantonment and was buried at 4 p.m. (IST). The cemetery is housed in the Kangla Palace. A three-day mourning was observed in Manipur. In an obituary, The Gazette of India wrote, "Sir Akbar will be remembered above all for the remarkable catholicity of his religious outlook and his genius for friendship. In this he maintained the distinguished record of his illustrious father."

References

1894 births
1948 deaths
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Companions of the Order of the Star of India
Indian knights
Indian Muslims
Governors of Assam
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
Sulaymani Bohras
Indian Ismailis
Tyabji family

Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari


John Richard Mason (26 March 1874 – 15 October 1958), known as Jack Mason, was an English amateur cricketer who played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club between 1893 and 1914, captaining the team between 1898 and 1902. He played for England in five Test matches on A. E. Stoddart's 1897–98 tour of Australia.

Over six feet tall, Mason was a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium pace bowler, classified as a genuine all-rounder. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack considered him to be "one of the finest amateur all-rounders to play for Kent". Mason was chosen as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1898.

Early life
Mason was born in Blackheath, then part of the county of Kent, one of seven brothers and three sisters. His father, Richard, had played for Worcestershire before the county gained first-class cricket status and worked as a solicitor. His mother, Ann, was the daughter of John Eagleton. His brothers, James and Charles, both played some first-class cricket and three other brothers were also "devoted to the game", all playing for Beckenham Cricket Club.

Mason attended Abbey School in Beckenham before going on to Winchester College where he was a prolific batsman, averaging 48 and 55 in his final two years at the school. He scored 147 and 71 and took  eight wickets in one match against Eton College in 1892. He was described by Wisden in 1898, the year he was named as one of its Cricketers of the Year, as "beyond all question the finest batsman turned out in our time by Winchester College."

Cricketing career
Mason went on to play as an amateur for Kent County Cricket Club, making his debut in 1893 after leaving school in a County Championship match against Sussex at Foxgrove Road, Beckenham in July. Despite a lacklustre second season, he became a stalwart performer for the County and gave "splendid all-round service". He played regularly for Kent between 1894 and 1902, scoring over 1,000 runs each season from 1895.

He took over the Kent captaincy in 1898 from Frank Marchant, a position he held for five seasons until his career as a solicitor took precedence, although he captained the side on the field during the final month of the 1909 season when Kent won the County Championship.

Mason toured Australia in 1897–98 as part of the England cricket team's tour. He played in all five Test matches, his only appearances for the England team. Mason performed well at the start of the tour but endured "a long spell of bad luck" and did not live up to expectations. He averaged 12.90 batting and took two wickets in the Test matches, although he scored a century for the side in a first-class match against Victoria in Melbourne and averaged 39.33 with the bat in first-class matches on the tour. Mason's letters written during the tour later formed the basis of Test of Time, a book about the tour written by Mason's grandson John Lazenby.

Mason played in the four Kent County Championship winning sides of the years leading up to the First World War and played his final game for the County in 1914. He made one first-class appearance after the war, for LG Robinson's XI against the Australian Imperial Force Touring XI in 1919 at Old Buckenham Hall in Norfolk. In total he played 300 times for Kent, scoring over 15,000 runs and taking 769 wickets. His highest score of 183 came against Somerset at Blackheath while, in 1899, he posted an unbeaten 181 against Nottinghamshire in an unbroken partnership of 321 with Alec Hearne. This partnership, which was the highest in the county's history until 1934, remained a Kent record for the third wicket which stood until 2005. As of February 2018 it remains the sixth highest partnership in Kent's history for any wicket. He scored three successive centuries in 1904 against Yorkshire, Somerset and Essex and appeared 11 times for the Gentlemen against the Players.

After the 1902 season Mason's father told him he was no longer prepared to pay for his son's cricket career, and that it was time he joined the family firm. Mason played less often thereafter, but was still offered the captaincy of the English team to tour South Africa in 1905–06. He declined, and Pelham Warner captained the team.

Style of play

With a height of over six feet, Mason generally played forward when batting, driving cleanly and powerfully. His Wisden obituary describes his batting style as "so straight a bat that he was always worth watching". He was equally at home on slow, turning wickets and he averaged 33.27 in first-class cricket. Mason was also an accomplished fast-medium paced bowler and was considered an excellent slip fielder.

Military service
Despite being over the age for compulsory military service at the start of World War I, Mason volunteered in 1917 for service in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR). He was commissioned as a sub-lieutenant in the Hydrophone Service and posted first to HMS Tarlair, the service's main research and training base at Aberdour in Fife. He was posted to one of the Hydrophone shore stations at Freshwater on the Isle of Wight and, in 1918, promoted to Lieutenant. He volunteered to serve in the Royal Air Force in April 1918 but was considered too important to be spared by the Hydrophone Service which was playing a crucial role in combatting German U-boat attacks. He was demobilised in January 1919.

Later life
Mason's career was as a solicitor, working at Mason and Co in High Holborn in London. Like many amateur cricketers of the time, the time required for his profession reduced his playing time but he remained involved with Kent cricket until he moved away from the county in 1939. He was a member of the county's General Committee from 1919 and served as the club's president in 1938. He played for and was involved in the Band of Brothers club, closely associated with Kent's county team. He died at his home in Cooden Beach in Sussex in 1958 aged 84.

References

External links

1874 births
1958 deaths
England Test cricketers
Military personnel from Kent
English cricketers
Kent cricketers
Kent cricket captains
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Gentlemen cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
North v South cricketers
L. G. Robinson's XI cricketers
A. E. Stoddart's XI cricketers
A. J. Webbe's XI cricketers
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I
Royal Navy officers of World War I
Cricketers from Greater London

Jack Mason


Tammy Lee "Barbie" Shewchuk (born December 31, 1977 in Saint-Laurent, Quebec) is a women's ice hockey player. Shewchuk was a member of the 2000 and 2001 gold medal teams at the Women's World Hockey Championships. She also competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and contributed with two points (a goal and an assist) as Canada captured the gold medal. The Olympic gold medal was particularly special for Shewchuk as she was a late cut for the 1998 Olympic team.

Playing career

Early years
Prior to the 2002 Olympics, Shewchuk was setting records. The New Year's Eve baby was the first female non-goaltender to play in the renowned Québec PeeWee tournament. The first boys team she competed with was the Lac St-Louis Lions in 1994 as a forward and the only female on the team. She also played for Team Quebec at the 1991 and 1995 Canada Winter Games.
Shewchuk attended and played hockey for The Taft School and Harvard University.

Harvard Crimson
During the 2000–01 season, Shewchuk led the NCAA in assists per game with 1.48. At the time of her graduation from Harvard, Shewchuk was the NCAA's all-time leading scorer. Shewchuk set records for goals (160), career assists (147), and career points (307). In 1998–99, Shewchuk was named a First-Team All-American and led Harvard to the College Hockey Championship. For her contributions, Shewchuk earned Harvard's John Dooley Award for combining sportsmanship, enthusiasm, and devotion to hockey.

Personal
She graduated from Harvard University with a degree in English literature. Tammy has since coached hockey at Lawrenceville School and Wesleyan University.  She is married to Michael Dryden, son of hockey hall of famer Ken Dryden.

Awards and honours
United States College Hockey Online Offensive Player Of the Week (Week of November 24, 1998)
Tammy Lee Shewchuk, 1999, 2000, 2001 ECAC All-Tournament team
1999 American Women's College Hockey Alliance All-Americans, First Team
Top Three Finalist for 2001 Patty Kazmaier Award
2010 Inductee, Women's Beanpot Hall of Fame

References

1977 births
Taft School alumni
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Canadian women's ice hockey centres
Harvard Crimson women's ice hockey players
Ice hockey people from Montreal
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
People from Saint-Laurent, Quebec
Wesleyan University people

Tammy Shewchuk-Dryden


Hieronymus Albrecht Hass (variants Haas, Hasse, Hase, Hasch) (1 December 1689 – 19 June 1752) (dates of baptism and burial) was a German harpsichord and clavichord maker. He was the father of Johann Adolph Hass, who also made harpsichords and clavichords.

Life

He received Hamburg citizenship on 2 October 1711, and was born and died there. In 1713 he was described as Instrumentenmacher and Clavirmacher on his son's birth certificate. The latest known instruments by him are two unfretted clavichords, dated 1744; a Clavicimbel for Duke Friedrich Carl von Plön was delivered the same year.

The first recorded reference to his family was in 1758, when Adlung described 'Hasse in Hamburg' as the maker of a cembal d'amour. Later, in 1773, English music historian Charles Burney noted 'Hasse, father and son, both dead' as German organ builders, and that 'their Flügel and Claviere are much sought after'.

Instruments

Of the Hass family instruments, Frank Hubbard wrote that 'only one has what could be regarded as a normal disposition.' Their surviving harpsichords show an attempt to develop the instrument in a number of ways: one from 1721 is 2.58 m long, and one from 1723 has the unusual disposition 8' 8' 8' 4'. Hass occasionally used a 16' set of strings (an octave below standard 8' pitch) and a 2' set (2 octaves higher than 8' pitch) for part of the keyboard.

The instrument shown above, which is nine feet long, illustrates the way in which Hass included the 16-foot stop in his instruments. The 16-foot bridge is seen closest to the bentside, on a separate, slightly raised section of soundboard. To its left are (in succession) the 8-foot hitchpin rail (resting on an internal bentside, not visible), the 8-foot bridge, and the 4-foot bridge.

Hass was the maker of the largest known harpsichord to have been made before the 20th century: built in 1740, it has three manuals with couplers, five sets of strings (16' 8' 8' 4' 2'), six rows of jacks, a lute stop and harp stop for the 16'. This instrument was apparently owned by Rafael Puyana; a copy was made by Robert Goble & Son and used by Trevor Pinnock in Poulenc's Concert champêtre.

Assessment

Raymond Russell wrote of Hass and his son that the 'extent and quality of their surviving work must place them first in German instrument making.' Hubbard (1965, 191) held a very mixed view: "The Hass instruments, superb technical achievements, strike us as the grotesque result of the barbarous imposition of tonal concepts appropriate to the organ on the unresisting but equally unresponsive harpsichord."

Notes

References
Donald Howard Boalch/Peter Williams, Alexander Pilipczuk: 'Hass [Haas, Hasse, Hase, Hasch]', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 8 June 2007), http://www.grovemusic.com
Hubbard, Frank (1965) Three Centuries of Harpsichord Making Cambridge, MA:  Harvard University Press (2nd ed. 1967).
Kottick, Edward (2003) A History of the Harpsichord.  Bloomington:  Indiana University Press.
Russell, Raymond (1959) The Harpsichord and Clavichord.  (London; 2nd ed. 1973).

German musical instrument makers
Harpsichord makers
People from Hamburg
1689 births
1752 deaths

Hieronymus Albrecht Hass


The 5th Tank Division () was formed on April 1, 1969 from 323rd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 118th Army Division, 324th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 119th Army Division, 325th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 120th Army Division and 396th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment from 191st Army Division.

On August 19, 1969, the division was composed of:
17th Tank Regiment (former 323rd Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment);
18th Tank Regiment (former 324th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment);
19th Tank Regiment (former 325th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment);
3rd Independent Tank Regiment (former 396th Tank Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment).

In December 1969, 3rd Independent Tank Regiment was detached from the division, and in January 1970 2nd Crew Training Tank Regiment was attached to the division and renamed as 20th Tank Regiment.

In the 1970s the division maintained as a tank division, catalogue B, which consisted of 4 under-equipped tank regiments.

In March 1976 19th Tank Regiment detached and renamed Tank Regiment, 40th Army Corps.

In September 1981 Armored Infantry Regiment and Artillery Regiment were activated. On January 1, 1983, the division was put under command of 40th Army Corps.

By then the division was composed of:
17th Tank Regiment;
18th Tank Regiment;
20th Tank Regiment;
Armored Infantry Regiment;
Artillery Regiment.

In January 1984 18th Tank Regiment was detached and transferred to 117th Army Division as Tank Regiment, 117th Army Division. In April, division re-activated a new 18th Tank Regiment. Antiaircraft Artillery Regiment activated.

In 1985 the division was attached to 40th Army. In September, 18th Tank Regiment absorbed Tank Regiment, 12th Garrison Division of Shenyang Military Region. On October 1, 17 Tank Regiment was detached and transferred to 118th Infantry Division, and Tank Regiment, 40th Army Corps was attached again as 19th Tank Regiment.

By then the division was composed of:
18th Tank Regiment;
19th Tank Regiment;
20th Tank Regiment;
Armored Infantry Regiment;
Artillery Regiment.

The division was inactivated in 1998. Its 18th Tank Regiment merged with 93rd Infantry Regiment, 31st Motorized Infantry Division and became Armored Regiment, 31st Motorized Infantry Division; its 19th Tank Regiment merged with 120th Infantry Regiment, 40th Motorized Infantry Division and became Armored Regiment, 40th Motorized Infantry Brigade.

The remnant of the division was re-organized as Armored Brigade, 40th Army(). In late 2011 the brigade was renamed as 5th Armored Brigade().

References

Armored divisions of the People's Republic of China
Military units and formations established in 1969

5th Tank Division (People's Republic of China)


A neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a small to mid-sized police station commonly found in Singapore. It was first introduced during the mid-1990s to replace the Singapore Police Force's Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system.

Its concept of community policing is similar to the kōban system in Japan. It allows for police officers on the ground to perform more duties, particularly investigative work, which was previously in the hands of division-based officers.

Unlike the NPP, the NPC operates on a 24 hours basis.

History
A feasibility study was established in October 1981 when some officers of the Singapore Police Force and then-Minister for Home Affairs Chua Sian Chin were sent to Japan to study the koban and train with officers on how the system worked. The NPP was then piloted in 1983 when Khe Bong NPP post was created with assistance from Japanese police officers visiting Singapore.

The neighbourhood police centre (NPC) is a result of a review of the Neighbourhood Police Post (NPP) system initiated in 1996. While the NPP has helped to reduce crime rates since its introduction in 1983, and perceived positively by the general public, it was limited in its ability to offer greater convenience to the community due to their limited size and scope of duties in individual posts.

The high number of NPPs entailed extensive resources spread over many installations, putting pressure on limited resources available to the police, particularly in terms of manpower. The limited scope of the NPP system was also seen as being less optimal in maximising the operational capabilities of individual police officers, and affecting its abilities to retain talent.

Pooling the NPPs into larger entities known as NPCs was thus proposed as a solution, although it was not meant to completely replace NPPs. About two thirds of NPPs were planned to be retained so as to maintain convenience to the general public, although many will no longer operate round the clock. An intercom system was introduced to overcome this should public assistance be needed when the NPP is closed. With a larger pool of officers and resources, each NPC was able to provide more services in one location with the aim of reducing the time needed to close each case.

Each NPC Officer was also expected to handle not only front-line duties, but also basic investigation work and administrative duties. NPCs would directly liaise with the community for joint programmes and operations within their jurisdiction. This was also helped by having some NPCs sharing the same building with other community agencies, such as Community Centres.

In 1997, plans were drawn up the roll out the NPC system across the country over four phases. The Pilot Phase was introduced in Clementi Police Division in October 1997, with the building of three NPCs. The first NPC, Queenstown Neighbourhood Police Centre, was opened at a temporary site opposite Queenstown MRT station on 1 October 1997, and officially opened by Wong Kan Seng, Minister for Home Affairs, on 20 December 1997. Later assessment of the NPCs under Clementi were deemed to be a success.

The first phase was planned to be implemented in February 1999 to cover the West Region with six NPCs, the second phase by October 1999 covering the East and North-East Regions with 12 NPCs, and the third phase in the Central Region with 11 NPCs by July 2000. There would thus be 32 NPCs, and the number of NPPs would be reduced from 91 in 1997 to 66 by 2000.

During the implementation of the plan, several refinements were made, including an abandonment of the planned replacement of the Land Divisions with Regional Commands, and a review of the organisational setup within the NPCs. The roll-out faced a discernible level of public discontent, many of whom were still unaware of the NPC system despite extensive publicity efforts by the police. The primary concern was over the closure of NPPs within their neighbourhoods, and the reduced operation hours of retained NPPs.

Nonetheless, all 35 NPCs were successfully opened, although some were delayed due to slower urban development in some areas than expected. The 33rd NPC, Marina Bay Neighbourhood Police Centre had been opened on 6 February 2010.

Two more Neighbourhood Police Centres had also been opened in Punggol and Woodlands West on 30 December 2012.

Organisation
Initial roll-out plans for the NPCs entailed the creation of six Regional Commands, which are to replace the existing seven Land Divisions. The Regional Commands of East, North, North East, and West, were aligned to the URA's planning regions, with the exception of the Central Region which will be served by two Commands, namely Central East and Central West.

This plan was, however, abolished, and the Land Division system retained, although one of them, Geylang Police Division, was closed and absorbed into Ang Mo Kio and Bedok divisions in December 2000. New NPCs were thus organised within the existing Land Divisional structure, with only minor adjustments to division borders. As a result, some Divisions are much larger than others in terms of number of NPCs under their command, with Ang Mo Kio Police Division having nine NPCs while Central Police Division has three.

NPCs differ from NPPs, in that the former have boundaries broadly aligned with that of their respective Development Guide Plans (or planning areas) drawn up by the Urban Redevelopment Authority, as opposed to the later which was based on electoral divisions. NPC boundaries are permanent, while NPP boundaries may change each election should there be a review of electoral boundaries. Planning areas with higher demographies may have two NPCs, namely in Ang Mo Kio, Bedok, Bukit Merah, Jurong West and Yishun, while smaller planning areas may be combined and served by a single NPC, such as in the Central Area.

Each NPC is headed by a Commanding Officer (CO), with the assistance of an Operations Officer (OO). The pool of officers in the NPC, known as neighbourhood police centre officers (NPCOs) are grouped into four Teams, each headed by a Team Leader (TL) and assisted by a Deputy Team Leader (DTL). The CO and OO are Senior police officer positions, while the TLs may be either Senior Officers or Police Officers typically of the rank of Station Inspector and above. The DTL may be any officer of the rank of Staff Sergeant and above.

In 2013, it was reported that 21 NPCs have begun to use social media to get public assistance in solving crimes in their local areas.

Reception
The NPC system is considered to be a success, and Singapore has one of the lowest crime rates in the world. It heavily promotes the NPC system alongside for countries that are trying to adopt a system to fit in their police system.

See also
Crime in Singapore

References

Further reading
Your Guide to the Neighbourhood Police Centre (1997) Public Affairs Department, Singapore Police Force.

1997 establishments in Singapore
Singapore Police Force
Police stations in Singapore

Neighbourhood police centre


The Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (CWHSSA) is a United States federal law that covers hours and safety standards in construction contracts.

The Act applies to federal service contracts and federal and federally assisted construction contracts worth over $100,000, and requires contractors and subcontractors on covered contracts to pay laborers and mechanics employed in the performance of the contracts one and one-half times their basic rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 in a workweek. This Act also prohibits unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous working conditions on federal and federally financed and assisted construction projects.

References
dol.gov/compliance/laws/comp-cwhssa.htm

United States federal labor legislation
United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes


The Jardin du Luxembourg (), known in English as the Luxembourg Garden, colloquially referred to as the Jardin du Sénat (Senate Garden), is located in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, France. The creation of the garden began in 1612 when Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV, constructed the Luxembourg Palace as her new residence. The garden today is owned by the French Senate, which meets in the Palace. It covers 23 hectares (56.8 acres) and is known for its lawns, tree-lined promenades, tennis courts, flowerbeds, model sailboats on its octagonal Grand Bassin, as well as picturesque Medici Fountain, built in 1620. The name Luxembourg comes from the Latin Mons Lucotitius, the name of the hill where the garden is located.

History
In 1611, Marie de' Medici, the widow of Henry IV and the regent for the King Louis XIII, decided to build a palace in imitation of the Pitti Palace in her native Florence. She purchased the Hôtel du Luxembourg (today the Petit Luxembourg) and began construction of the new palace. She commissioned Salomon de Brosse to build the palace and a fountain, which still exists. In 1612 she had 2,000 elm trees planted; she directed a series of gardeners, most notably Tommaso Francini, to build a park in the style she had known as a child in Florence. Francini planned two terraces with balustrades and parterres laid out along the axis of the château, aligned around a circular basin. He also built the Medici Fountain to the east of the palace as a nympheum, an artificial grotto and fountain, without its present pond and statuary. The original garden was just eight hectares in size.

In 1630 she bought additional land and enlarged the garden to thirty hectares, and entrusted the work to Jacques Boyceau de la Barauderie, the intendant of the royal gardens of Tuileries and the early garden of Versailles. He was one of the early theorists of the new and more formal garden à la française, and he laid out a series of squares along an east–west alley closed at the east end by the Medici Fountain, and a rectangle of parterres with broderies of flowers and hedges in front of the palace. In the center he placed an octagonal basin with a fountain, with a perspective toward what is now the Paris Observatory.

Later monarchs largely neglected the garden.  In 1780, the Comte de Provence, the future Louis XVIII, sold the eastern part of the garden for real estate development. Following the French Revolution, however, the leaders of the French Directory expanded the garden to forty hectares by confiscating the land of the neighboring religious order of the Carthusian monks.  The architect Jean Chalgrin, the architect of the Arc de Triomphe, took on the task of restoring the garden.  He remade the Medici Fountain and laid out a long perspective from the palace to the observatory.  He preserved the famous pepiniere, or nursery garden of the Carthusian order, and the old vineyards, and kept the garden in a formal French style.

During and after the July Monarchy of 1848, the park became the home of a large population of statues; first the Queens and famous women of France, lined along the terraces; then, in 1880s and 1890s, monuments to writers and artists, a small-scale model by Bartholdi of his Liberty Enlightening the World (commonly known as the Statue of Liberty) and one modern sculpture by Zadkine.

In 1865, during the reconstruction of Paris by Louis Napoleon, the rue de l'Abbé de l'Épée, (now rue Auguste-Comte) was extended into the park, cutting off about seven hectares, including a large part of the old nursery garden. The building of new streets next to the park also required moving and rebuilding the Medici Fountain to its present location. The long basin of the fountain was added at this time, along with the statues at the foot of the fountain.

During this reconstruction, the chief architect of parks and promenades of Paris, Gabriel Davioud, under the leadership of Adolphe Alphand, built new ornamental gates and fences around the park, and polychrome brick garden houses. He also transformed what remained of the old Chartreux nursery garden, at the south end of the park, into an English garden with winding paths, and planted a fruit garden in the southwest corner.  He kept the regular geometric pattern of the paths and alleys, but did create one diagonal alley near the Medici fountain, which opened a view of the Pantheon.

The garden in the late nineteenth century contained a marionette theater, a music kiosk, greenhouses, an apiary (or bee-house); an orangerie also used for displaying sculpture and modern art (used until the 1930s); a rose garden, the fruit orchard, and about seventy works of sculpture.

Features

The garden is largely devoted to a green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and centred on a large octagonal basin of water, with a central jet of water; in it children sail model boats. The garden is famed for its calm atmosphere.  Surrounding the bassin on the raised balustraded terraces are a series of statues of former French queens, saints and copies after the Antique. In the southwest corner, there is an orchard of apple and pear trees and the théâtre des marionnettes (puppet theatre). The gardens include a large fenced-in playground for young children and their parents and a vintage carousel. In addition, free musical performances are presented in a gazebo on the grounds and there is a small cafe restaurant nearby, under the trees, with both indoor and outdoor seating from which many people enjoy the music over a glass of wine. The orangerie displays art, photography and sculptures. The model boat pond in Conservatory Water in Central Park in Manhattan, New York City, is loosely based on that of one in the Jardin du Luxembourg.

The École nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris and the Odéon theatre stand next to the Luxembourg Garden.

The central axis of the garden is extended, beyond its wrought iron grill and gates opening to rue Auguste Comte, by the central esplanade of the rue de l'Observatoire, officially the Jardin Marco Polo, where sculptures of the four Times of Day alternate with columns and culminate at the southern end with the 1874 "Fountain of the Observatory", also known as the "Fontaine des Quatre-Parties-du-Monde" or the "Carpeaux Fountain", for its sculptures by Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux. It was installed as part of the development of the avenue de l'Observatoire by Gabriel Davioud in 1867.

The bronze fountain represents the work of four sculptors:  Louis Vuillemot carved the garlands and festoons around the pedestal, Pierre Legrain carved the armillary with interior globe and zodiac band; the animalier Emmanuel Fremiet designed the eight horses, marine turtles and spouting fish. Most importantly Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux sculpted the four nude women supporting the globe, representing the Four Continents of classical iconography.

Open hours for the Luxembourg Garden depend on the month: opening between 7:30 and 8:15 am; closing at dusk between 4:45 and 9:45 pm.

Statuary
The garden contains just over a hundred statues, monuments, and fountains, scattered throughout the grounds. Surrounding the central green space are twenty figures of French queens and illustrious women standing on pedestals. They were commissioned by Louis-Philippe in 1848 and include: Anne of Austria, Anne of Brittany, Anne of France, Anne Marie Louise of Orléans, Bertha of Burgundy, Blanche of Castile, Clémence Isaure, Jeanne III of Navarre, Laure de Noves, Louise of Savoy, Margaret of Anjou, Margaret of Provence, Marguerite of Navarre, Marie de' Medici, Mary, Queen of Scots, Matilda, Duchess of Normandy, Saint Bathild, Saint Clotilde, Saint Genevieve, and Valentina Visconti.

Other sculpted work includes:
 Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play, by André-Joseph Allar, 1906
 Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty, first model, by Frédéric Bartholdi, 1870
 La Bocca della Verità, by Jules Blanchard
 Ludwig van Beethoven, by Antoine Bourdelle, placed here 1978
 Monument to Henri Murger, by Théophile-Henri Bouillon, 1895
 multiple animal sculptures by Auguste Cain
 Le Triomphe de Silène, 1885, Hommage to Delacroix, 1890, and Monument to Auguste Scheurer-Kestner, 1908, both by Jules Dalou
 Monument to Jean-Antoine Watteau, by Henri Désiré Gauquié, 1896
 Narcissus, 1869, and Arion assis sur un dauphin, 1870, both by Ernest-Eugène Hiolle
 Hippomenes by Jean Antoine Injalbert
 Bust of Charles Baudelaire, by Pierre Félix Masseau
 Polyphemus Surprising Acis and Galatea, the Fontaine Médicis, by Auguste Ottin, 1866
 Clémence Isaure by Antoine-Augustin Préault
 Theseus and the Minotaur, by Etienne-Jules Ramey, 1826
 Hercules Diverting the River Alpheus, 1900, and L'Effort, 1902, both by Pierre Roche
 Paul Verlaine, by Rodo (Auguste de Niederhäusern), 1911
 Monument to Édouard Branly, by Charles Marie Louis Joseph Sarrabezolles
 Georges Sand, by François-Léon Sicard, 1904
 Jules Massenet, by Raoul Verlet, 1926
Marshal Ney, by François Rude (sculptor) and Alphonse de Gisors (pedestal), 1853.

Medici Fountain
The Medici Fountain (La fontaine Médicis) was built in 1630 by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV of France and regent of King Louis XIII of France.  It was designed by Tommaso Francini, a Florentine fountain maker and hydraulic engineer who was brought from Florence to France by King Henry IV.  It was in the form of a grotto, a popular feature of the Italian Renaissance garden.  It fell into ruins during the 18th century, but in 1811, at the command of Napoleon Bonaparte, the fountain was restored by Jean Chalgrin, the architect of the Arc de Triomphe.  In 1864–66, the fountain was moved to its present location, centered on the east front of the Palais du Luxembourg. The long basin of water was built and flanked by plane trees, and the sculptures of the giant Polyphemus surprising the lovers Acis and Galatea, by French classical sculptor Auguste Ottin, were added to the grotto's rockwork.

Hidden behind the Medici Fountain is the Fontaine de Léda, (1807), a wall fountain built during the time of Napoleon Bonaparte at the corner of the Rue du Regard and Rue de Vaugirard, with a bas-relief sculpture depicting the legend of Leda and the Swan by Achille Valois.  When the original site was destroyed during the prolongation of the Rue de Rennes in 1856 by Louis Napoleon, the fountain was preserved and moved in 1866 to the Luxembourg Gardens and attached to the back of the Medici Fountain.

In popular culture
The gardens are featured prominently in Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables. It is here that the principal love story of the novel unfolds, as the characters Marius Pontmercy and Cosette first meet. Several scenes of André Gide's novel The Counterfeiters also take place in the gardens.

Henry James also uses the gardens, in The Ambassadors, as the place in which his character Lambert Strether has an epiphany about his identity. The final scene of William Faulkner's novel Sanctuary is set in the gardens. Patrick Modiano heard the news he had won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature via a mobile phone call from his daughter while he was walking through Paris "just next to the Jardin du Luxembourg".

Non-literary references include as the setting for a few episodes of French in Action, the 10th Joe Dassin's 1976 studio album Le Jardin du Luxembourg, the cover of Tame Impala's 2012 album Lonerism, the title of a song by the band The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger and the gardens and palace being added as a mission in the video game Assassin's Creed Unity.

Images

See also

List of parks and gardens in Paris
Luxembourg station (Paris)

References

Bibliography
André Arnold-Peltier and Vassili Karist, Le Jardin du Luxembourg / The Luxembourg gardens, Éditions Pippa, collection Itinérances () (photos)
Paris et ses fontaines, de la Renaissance à nos jours, texts assembled by Dominque Massounie, Pauline-Prevost-Marcilhacy and Daniel Rabreau, Délegation a l'action artistique de la Ville de Paris.  from the Collection Paris et son Patrimoine, directed by Beatrice de Andia. Paris, 1995.
Dominique Jarrassé, Grammaire des Jardins Parisiens, Parigramme, Paris, 2007. ()

External links

The Luxembourg Gardens page at the Project for Public Spaces
The Jardin du Luxembourg - Current and old photographs of the garden, statues, fountains
Info and Jardin du Luxembourg Walk
The Luxembourg Gardens at Twilight - One of a series of paintings featuring the gardens by American (b. Italy) artist John Singer Sargent
Webpages about the Garden

Luxembourg, Jardin du
6th arrondissement of Paris
Châteaux with Renaissance gardens in France
Sculpture gardens, trails and parks in France
Amusement parks in France

Jardin du Luxembourg


Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens is rare Australian plant from the heath family. Commonly known as the Port Jackson heath, this small plant grows in swamps and scrubby country on sandstone based soils around the Gosford and Sydney region of central eastern New South Wales. See also Epacris purpurascens var. onosmiflora.

References

purpurascens var. purpurascens
Ericales of Australia
Flora of New South Wales

Epacris purpurascens var. purpurascens


Addlethorpe is a small village situated just off the A52 west of Ingoldmells in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.

Addlethorpe is recorded in the 1086 Domesday Book with 102 households and two churches.

The parish church is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and is a Grade I listed building dating from the 15th century, being restored in 1875. Both the tower and the font are 15th-century, and the pulpit is early 18th-century. It lost its chancel in 1706. In the churchyard is the lower half of a 14th-century churchyard cross, which is both Grade II listed, and a scheduled monument.

The Wesleyan Methodists built a chapel here in 1837, which was rebuilt in 1968. It is now part of the Skegness Coast Methodist Churches group, with services every Sunday.

Addlethorpe Windmill was built about 1830 to replace an earlier post mill, and was constructed of tarred red brick. It ceased working in 1944, and today is missing its cap. It is a Grade II listed building.

The golf course is  and has an unusual par of 74. Village includes two caravan sites.

References

External links

Location map of Addlethorpe
Aerial view of Addlethorpe
Addlethorpe Parish Council

Skegness Coast Methodist Churches
Addlethorpe Golf Course

Villages in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
East Lindsey District

Addlethorpe


David Fanshawe (born 19 April 1942 in Devon, England; died 5 July 2010) was an English composer and explorer. He wrote a large amount of music, especially for television programmes.  His best-known composition is a choral work called African Sanctus.

Life
Fanshawe went to school at St George's School, Windsor Castle and Stowe School.   He started his career as a musician and producer for documentary films. He studied composition at the Royal College of Music. He became known for the music he wrote for films and TV.  In 1970 he performed Salaams in the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London.  This was a work based on the rhythms of pearl divers in Bahrain.

He spent several years travelling to many parts of the world collecting recordings of people singing their own traditional music.  He travelled to the Middle East, then to Africa and to islands of the Pacific Ocean.  In all these places he had to get to know the people and get them to trust him so that they would let him record their music.

His African Sanctus was a result of his trip down the Nile.  It combines recordings he made there with a choir and orchestra singing.  It has been performed thousands of times all over the world.

Fanshawe died on 5 July 2010.

References

Other websites
 composer's website
 African Sanctus website

1942 births
2010 deaths
English composers
World music

David Fanshawe


An H II region is a region where huge blue stars are formed from hydrogen. They are named after the ionised atomic hydrogen which they produce: H II.

The stars form inside a large cloud of hydrogen gas. The short-lived blue stars formed in these regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light. This ionizes the surrounding gas.

H II regions can be several hundred light-years across. The first known H II region was the Orion nebula, which was discovered in 1610. These regions have extremely varied shapes. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead nebula.

H II regions give birth to thousands of stars over several million years. Eventually, this produces a  star cluster. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars blow away the gases of the H II region. This leaves behind behind a cluster of stars such as the Pleiades.

H II regions can be seen at huge distances in the universe.The study of extragalactic H II regions helps to fix the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies.

Spiral and irregular galaxies have many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies have almost none. In spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, H II regions are found in the spiral arms, but in the irregular galaxies they are distributed at random.

Some galaxies have huge H II regions, with tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum galaxy.

References

nebulae

H II region


The Dungan people are ethnic Muslims that came from from China who live in regions of the former Soviet Union and Xinjiang. Their ancestors are the Hui people in China. Russians and Turkic-speaking peoples call them Dungan, but the Dungan call themselves Hui because that is what their ancestors called themselves.

The Dungan language came from Mandarin Chinese, and it is most like the dialects in Gansu and Shaanxi provinces in China. The Dungan call their language the Hui language. Like Chinese, it is a tonal language. However, it is different from Chinese because it uses some words that are no longer used in Chinese dialects today. There are also many Arabic and Persian loanwords. Unlike Chinese, it is written using Cyrillic instead of Chinese characters.

References

Ethnic groups in China
Xinjiang

Dungan people


Tantoo Cardinal CM (born Rose Marie Cardinal; July 20, 1950) is a Canadian actress of Cree and Métis heritage. In 2009, she was made a member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions to the growth and development of Aboriginal performing arts in Canada, as a screen and stage actress, and as a founding member of the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company."

Early life
Rose Marie "Tantoo" Cardinal was born the youngest of three children to Julia Cardinal, a woman of Cree and Métis descent.

Cardinal was raised in the hamlet of Anzac, Alberta. The lack of electricity inspired her to use her imagination while playing in the bush. Her grandmother nicknamed her "Tantoo" after the insect repellent they used while picking blueberries together. She taught Cardinal the Cree language, the traditional ways of their culture and the difficulties she would face growing up Métis in Canada. Cardinal has said that it was walking behind her grandmother where she first learned to act.

Career

Cardinal has played roles in many notable films and television series, including Spirit Bay, Loyalties, Dances with Wolves, Black Robe, Legends of the Fall, Smoke Signals, Hold the Dark and North of 60. She was cast in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation mini-series By Way of the Stars with Gordon Tootoosis as the Cree Chief and Eric Schweig as Black Thunder.

In 2009, she was made a member of the Order of Canada "for her contributions to the growth and development of Aboriginal performing arts in Canada, as a screen and stage actress, and as a founding member of the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company".

On August 23, 2011, Cardinal, Margot Kidder, and dozens of others were arrested while protesting the proposed extension of the Keystone Pipeline.

In 2012, she performed the role of Regan in an all-aboriginal production of William Shakespeare's King Lear at the National Arts Centre in Ottawa, alongside a cast that also included August Schellenberg as Lear, Billy Merasty as Gloucester, Jani Lauzon in a dual role as Cordelia and the Fool, and Craig Lauzon as Kent.

In 2017, she was named the winner of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television's Earle Grey Award for lifetime achievement. She has also won a Gemini Award, a National Aboriginal Achievement Award (now Indspire Award) and was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame.

In the 2018 film The Grizzlies, she plays a high school principal who is skeptical that a first-time teacher can address social issues in the northwestern Nunavut community of Kugluktuk.

On November 26, 2021, along with other laureates, she received the "Governor General's Performing Arts Awards after a nearly two-year delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic".

Personal life
Cardinal met her first husband, Fred Martin, while boarding at his family's home during her high school years in Edmonton. They were married from 1968 to 1978 and had a son, Cheyenne, prior to their divorce.

She had her second son, Clifford, with Beaver Richards.

From 1988 to 2000, Cardinal was married to actor John Lawlor, with whom she had a daughter, Riel.

Filmography

Film

Television

Audiobooks

Music videos

See also
Notable Aboriginal people of Canada

References

External links

 Canadian Film Encyclopedia [A publication of the Film Reference Library/a division of the Toronto International Film Festival Group]

1950 births
Actresses from Alberta
Canadian film actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian television actresses
Cree people
First Nations actresses
Living people
Members of the Order of Canada
People from Fort McMurray
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
20th-century First Nations people
21st-century First Nations people
Indspire Awards
Canadian Métis people
Governor General's Award winners

Tantoo Cardinal


Mondo Cane (literally "Doggish World" or "Dog's World", a mild Italian profanity) is a 1962 Italian mondo documentary film and directed by the trio of Gualtiero Jacopetti, Paolo Cavara, and Franco E. Prosperi, with narration by Stefano Sibaldi. The film consists of a series of travelogue scenes that provide glimpses into cultural practices around the world with the intention to shock or surprise Western film audiences. These scenes are presented with little continuity, as they are intended as a kaleidoscopic display of shocking content rather than presenting a structured argument. Despite its claims of genuine documentation, certain scenes are either staged or creatively manipulated to enhance this effect.

The film was an international box-office success and inspired an entire genre of mondo films in the form of exploitation documentaries, many of which also include the word mondo (meaning "world") in their title. The musical score by Riz Ortolani and Nino Oliviero gained considerable popularity outside of the film itself. Its main theme, "More", won a Grammy Award and earned an Oscar nomination for Best Original Song, and was covered by such artists as Frank Sinatra, Andy Williams, and Roy Orbison.

Vignettes

A statue by Luigi Gheno is dedicated to Rudolph Valentino in his hometown of Castellaneta, Italy. At the event the narrator points out similarities in some local men's faces to Valentino's.

In the United States, Rossano Brazzi has his shirt torn off by a crowd of adoring female fans hunting for his autograph.

At the beach in polyandrous Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands in New Guinea, a large crowd of topless native women run after a handful of men, trying to capture them "not only for autographs".

On the French Riviera, a small group of blonde bikini-clad young women on a boat drive by a ship with U.S. sailors, "wooing" them teasingly from the distance by sending them kisses, showing their tongues and flaunting their breasts.

In a New Guinean Chimbu community, a woman whose child was killed breastfeeds a piglet whose mother died. Also in New Guinea, at a celebration that recurs every five years, in a matter of hours, dozens of pigs are slaughtered by beating on their heads with wooden poles, and eaten, after which the partly cannibalistic community returns to its perpetual state of hunger. Dogs, however, are fed some of the pork and treated with affection and respect.

At the Pet Haven Cemetery in Pasadena, California, dog owners mourn their departed pets.

In Rome, hundreds of chicks are tinged in many colors and then dried at 50 degrees Celsius to be included in Easter eggs; according to the narrator, of each 100 that undergo it, approximately 70 do not survive the procedure.

For foie gras, geese in Strasbourg are force-fed using funnels.

In a farm 200 miles from Tokyo, Wagyu cattle are treated with care by being massaged and fed beer, so that their meat can eventually be served at luxury restaurants in Tokyo and New York.

On New Guinean Tabar, the most beautiful women are locked up in small wooden cages and fed tapioca until they reach 120 kilos to be offered as wives to the village dictator.

In a Vic Tanny health club in Los Angeles, overweight women work on losing weight to recover from a previous marriage.

At a Hong Kong market, exotic animals are sold for food.

At the New York restaurant The Colony, canned exotic animals are served for rich Americans.

At a Singapore snake store, a snake is chosen and butchered for consumption.

In the Italian village of Cocullo, on Saint Dominic's day, the statue and its followers in the procession carry live snakes.

In Nocera Terinese, on Good Friday, each "vattienti" beats their legs with glass shards and spill their blood on the streets where the procession will take place.

A parade of the "Life Savers Girls Association", all from 16 to 20 years old, march toward Sydney's Manly Beach beach, where they put on a surf carnival, including CPR on young men.

Due to the nuclear contamination on Bikini Atoll, swarms of dead butterflies drift at sea, birds hide in holes in the ground, a species of periophthalmus fish migrated to the trees, sea gulls brood over sterile eggs, and disoriented turtles move inland and die on the atoll's dry sand dunes. Birds nest in turtles' skeletons, which move in the wind as if they were still alive.

In Malaysian underwater cemeteries, sharks get accustomed to human flesh. Their fins are dried on the beach and collected by disabled fishermen, who sell them to the Chinese as aphrodisiacs. A 12-year-old Malaysian boy has been killed by sharks, and the fisherman exact revenge by shoving toxic sea urchins into the mouths of sharks, releasing them again to slowly die.

Rome: In the Capuchin Crypt, bones were arranged as ornaments, and on Tiber Island, the Sacconi Rossi ("Red Sacks") guard the bones of nameless victims of the past since around 1600, which on Fridays are cleaned by local families including children.

On the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, people indulge life by drinking beer and suffer from the symptoms of hangovers in the morning. They sleep standing up, dance, drunkenly fight, and fool around.

Tokyo has a massage parlor for men who are drunk.

In Macao, the dead are covered in make-up for the funeral. People burn money for the departed to take with them.

In Singapore, where 60% of citizens are of Chinese descent, there is a hotel for the dying members of Chinese families. Relatives await their demise by making merry at restaurants in the plaza nearby.

Cars are crushed at a junkyard in Los Angeles and reduced to cubes for recycling. One such cube is sold as art in a Paris art gallery.

The French artist Yves Klein, erroneously introduced as Czechoslovakian, comes forward from one of his monochromatic blue paintings to start of a line of musicians to play his Monotone Symphony. Adjacent are some scantlilly if at all clad young ladies immersing themselves in blue colour, which they later, under the instruction of the artist will, impress from their bodies to a canvass and create a work of art for sale for 4 million French Francs, then worth about 800,000 US-Dollars. (The artist had a heart attack after viewing the film at the 1962 Cannes Film Festival and died less than a month later.)

In Honolulu, tourists are showered with leis and witness the Hula Dance.

In Nepal, Gurkha soldiers perform a rite of passage by dressing up in women's clothing on anniversary of the execution of 300 Gurkha POWs by the Japanese Imperial Army during WWII.

Gurkha soldiers behead buffalo bulls in a ritualistic contest of strength.

In Portugal, there is a morning running of the bulls for working-class citizens and an afternoon bull-taunting inside a stadium for noble-born men in formal costumes.

At Goroka, Papua New Guinea, there are indigenous tribes who attend Catholic church services.

The film concludes with footage of a group of indigenous people who live as part of a cargo cult in the mountains near the airport of Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Having encountered and interacted with foreign airmen during World War II, the people have erected icons of worship that resemble an airport runway, airplane, and control tower using bamboo.

Production
In the beginning, as Cavara (who took the helm for European and Euro-Asiatic zone) and his supervisor Stanis Nievo' interviews revealed, Mondo Cane was a unique project conceived with La donna nel Mondo, and worked at the same time (1960–62).

Reception
Mondo Cane was an international box-office success and inspired the production of numerous, similar exploitation documentaries, many of which also include the word "Mondo" in their title. These films collectively came to be recognized as a distinct genre known as mondo films. In addition, the film's success led Jacopetti and Prosperi to produce several additional documentaries, including Mondo Cane 2, Africa addio and Addio zio Tom, while Cavara directed La donna nel mondo, Malamondo, as well as the anti-Mondo drama Wild Eye (Occhio selvaggio).

Accolades
The film was nominated for two awards for the 1962 film season. It won the David di Donatello for Best Production (Migliore Produzione) by the Accademia del Cinema Italiano, which it shared with Una vita difficile. It was also nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 15th Cannes Film Festival, which it lost to O Pagador de Promessas. The theme song, "More", was written by Riz Ortolani and Nino Oliviero, and was given new lyrics in English by Norman Newell. In 1963, the song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, where it lost to "Call Me Irresponsible" from the film Papa's Delicate Condition.

Influence
The film spawned several direct sequels, starting with Jacopetti and Prosperi's own Mondo Cane 2 (also known as Mondo Pazzo), released the following year. Much later, in the 1980s, two more emerged: Mondo Cane Oggi: L'Orrore Continua and Mondo Cane 2000: L'Incredible. The films continued into the nineties with two follow-ups from German filmmaker Uwe Schier; despite the fact that they were the fifth and sixth installments, they were titled Mondo Cane IV and Mondo Cane V.

As well as encouraging sequels, Mondo Cane shock-exploitation-documentary-exquisite corpse style is credited with starting a whole genre: the mondo film. Examples include Mondo Bizarro, Mondo Daytona, Mondo Freudo (1966), Mondo Mod, Mondo Infame, Mondo New York, and Mondo Hollywood; later examples include the Faces of Death series.

The film also inspired lampooning, including Mr. Mike's Mondo Video, written by Saturday Night Live'''s Michael O'Donoghue and starring members of the contemporary cast of the  program.

In 2010, Mike Patton released a musical album in tribute to the film, also called Mondo Cane.

References

Bibliography
Goodall, Mark. Sweet & Savage: The World Through the Shockumentary Film Lens. London: Headpress, 2006.
Kerekes, David, and David Slater. Killing for Culture: An Illustrated History of Death Film from Mondo to Snuff. London: Creation Books, 1995.
 Stefano Loparco, 'Gualtiero Jacopetti - Graffi sul mondo'. The first complete biography dedicated to the codirector of 'Mondo Cane'. Il Foglio Letterario, 2014 -
 Fabrizio Fogliato, Paolo Cavara. Gli occhi che raccontano il mondo Il Foglio Letterario 2014. (It contains Mondo cane's original subject, never published before, and a developed critical analysis on great and artistic approach by Cavara in Mondo cane and La donna nel mondo'' (pp. 57–88; 187-212)

External links

1962 films
Italian documentary films
1962 documentary films
Films directed by Paolo Cavara
Films directed by Gualtiero Jacopetti
Films scored by Riz Ortolani
Mondo films
1960s Italian-language films
1960s Italian films

Mondo Cane


News Central may refer to one of the following television news programs:

 News Central (American TV program), hybrid local-national newscast formerly produced by Sinclair Broadcast Group.
 News Central (Philippine TV series), Filipino television newscast.
 CNN News Central, news programming carried by CNN.

News Central


The planetary phase of civilization is a term created by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) to describe the contemporary era in which increasing global interdependence and risks are binding the world into a unitary socio-ecological system. Characteristics of this phase include economic globalization, biospheric destabilization, mass migration, new global institutions, the Internet, new forms of transboundary conflict, and shifts in culture and consciousness.

Background
The notion of the planetary phase of civilization derives from the work of the Global Scenario Group, an international and interdisciplinary body convened in 1995 to examine alternative long-range futures. The GSG synthesized its findings for a non-technical audience in the essay Great Transition: The Promise and Lure of the Times Ahead.

According to the GSG, the planetary phase of civilization is the third significant transition in civilization, following the shift from Stone Age culture to Early Civilization, and from Early Civilization to the Modern Era. The planetary phase sees social organization, the economy, and communications move to the global level. Some argue that it constitutes a new geologic era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity becomes the dominant driver of changes to the Earth system.

The GSG argued that historical transitions have been accelerating. Thus, the duration of the Stone Age was on the order of 100,000 years; Early Civilization, 10,000; and Modernity, 1,000. If the planetary phase takes shape over 100 years, the pattern would continue.

Future scenarios
The GSG groups the possibilities for how the planetary phase could unfold into three broad scenario types: Conventional Worlds, Barbarization, and Great Transitions. Conventional Worlds assume the persistence of currently dominant institutions and cultural values, and Barbarization scenarios are marked by social devolution. Great Transition futures, by contrast, incorporate new institutions rooted in the ascendance of a new suite of values – solidarity, ecological stewardship, well-being – powered by the emergence of a global citizens movement as a potential actor to counter the power of transnational corporations, state governments, and mainstream values.

See also

 Global warming
 Great Transition
 Kardashev scale
 Global Scenario Group
 Tellus Institute
 Scenario analysis
 Anthropocene
 World Government

References

Further reading
 Raskin, Paul. Journey to Earthland: The Great Transition to Planetary Civilization. Tellus Institute, 2016,
 Ankerl, Guy. Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INUPRESS, 2000.
 Kelly, Sean M. Coming Home: The Birth & Transformation of the Planetary Era. Aurora, CO: Lindisfarne Books, 2010.
 Mickey, Sam. On the Verge of a Planetary Civilization: A Philosophy of Integral Ecology. 2014.

External links
 Global Scenario Group
 "The World is Changing" by Acharya Ramamurti – an article describing the planetary phase of civilization as one in which the market will shrink in the place of growing civil communalism
 "Vision, Courage, and Sustainability" – An Address by Professor Steven C. Rockefeller
 "Governance In The Planetary Age" – by Catherine Burton
 Paths to Planetary Civilization – by Ervin Laszlo
 Steven C. Rockefeller, "The Earth Charter: Building a Global Culture of Peace," The Earth Charter Community Summits, Tampa, FL, September 29, 2001

Globalism
Global civilization
Economic geography
Linear theories
Stages of history
World government

Planetary phase of civilization


Phil Hey (born May 21, 1953) is an American jazz drummer.  He has worked with Dewey Redman, Jay McShann, Mose Allison, Benny Carter, Charlie Rouse, Harold Land, Charlie Byrd, David "Fathead" Newman, Geoff Keezer, Mark Murphy, Benny Golson, Stacey Kent, and Kenny Barron.

Biography
Born in New York City, Hey grew up in Philadelphia and the St. Paul suburb of Roseville, Minnesota. He started his music study with mentor and legendary jazz drummer Ed Blackwell at the Creative Music Studio in New York in 1975. His relationship with Blackwell continued until Blackwell's death in 1992. He has also studied with Floyd Thompson and Marv Dahlgren, the former principal percussionist of the Minnesota Orchestra. He considers the Beatles and 1960s rock groups early music influences. He also credits his parents and his childhood band instructor for their support and encouragement in pursuing a music career.

Hey performs with several groups and leads the Phil Hey Quartet with Tom Lewis on bass, Dave Hagedorn on vibraphone, and Phil Aaron on piano. The quartet's album Subduction: Live at Artist's Quarter (2005) was named Best Jazz CD of the Year by the Twin Cities alternative weekly newspaper City Pages. City Pages also named him 2006 Jazz Musician of the Year.

His first album, Let Them All Come with Pat Moriarty, was released in 1977 on the small private label Min Records. The cover art by Homer Lambrecht is featured in Freedom, Rhythm, and Sound, a compilation of a jazz album artwork by Gilles Peterson and Stuart Baker. He has appeared on over 125 recordings and remains a first-call musician supporting regional recording artists as well as touring jazz artists. His jazz recordings include Von Freeman's Live at The Dakota, Pete Whitman's X-Tet Where's When?, Tom Hubbard's Tribute to Mingus, and Ed Berger's I'm Glad There is You, all of which received four out of five star ratings by Down Beat magazine reviewers.

In addition to his work as a jazz musician Hey has played regional performances with blues and rock acts, including Nick St. Nicholas, George "Mojo" Buford, and Mississippi Fred McDowell. He has appeared on the soundtrack of the 6th Day (2000) starring Arnold Schwarzenegger and several independent film soundtracks including Been Rich All My Life (2006). In addition, he has played many touring theater productions, including The D.B. Cooper Project, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and Irving Berlin's I Love a Piano and has performed with comics Bob Hope, Red Skelton, and Don Rickles.

Educator
Hey is a faculty member at the University of Minnesota School of Music where he teaches jazz percussion and directs the jazz ensemble. He is on the music faculty at St. Olaf College and the MacPhail Center for Music. He taught music at Macalester College from 1997 to 2008.

Equipment
Ellis Drum Shop released the Phil Hey Signature Kit, a limited edition six piece shell drum kit with maple shells in 2012.

Discography

As leader
 1977 Let Them All Come, with Pat Moriarty
 2005 Subduction Live at the Artist's Quarter
 2009 Conflict!, with Kelly Rossum

As sideman
With Chris Bates
 2014 Good Vibes Trio

With Ed Berger
 1999 I'm Glad There Is You

With Terry Lee Burns
 1997 Freehand

With Laura Caviani
 1999 Angels We Haven't Heard

With the Cedar Avenue Big Band
 2002 Land of 10,000 Licks

With Debbie Duncan
 1993 Live at the Dakota
 1995 It Must Be Christmas
 2007 I Thought About You

With Dan Estrem and John Holmquist
 1988 Bossa
 1990 Meditation

With Connie Evingson
 1998 I Have Dreamed
 1999 Some Cats Know
 2003 Let It Be Jazz Connie Evingson Sings the Beatles
 2008 Little Did I Dream
 2012 Sweet Happy Life

With Von Freeman
 2001 Live at the Dakota

With Dave Hagedorn
 2003 Vibes Solidliquid

With Glen Helgeson
 1995 Spirit of the Wood

With Tom Hubbard
 1989 Tribute to Mingus

With the JazzMN Orchestra
 2000 JazzMN Big Band

With Gordon Johnson
 2005 Trios Version 3.0
 2008 GJ4
 2010 Trios No. 5

With Dave Karr and Mulligan Stew
 2004 Cookin' at the Hot Summer Jazz Festival

With Mary Louise Knutson
 2001 Call Me When You Get There
 2011 In the Bubble

With Chris Lomheim
 2000 The Bridge

With the Minnesota Klezmer Band
 1998 Bulka's Song

With David Mitchell
 2000 Young Cats

With Lucia Newell
 2004 Steeped in Strayhorn

With the O'Neill Brothers
 2004 On Broadway with the O'Neill Brothers

With the Out to Lunch Quintet
 2006 Live at the Artist's Quarter

With Preston Reed
 1991 Halfway Home

With Rio Nido
 1986 Voicings

With Claudia Schmidt
 1991 Essential Tension
 2012 Bend in the River Collected Songs

With Ted Unseth and the Americana Classic Jazz Orchestra
 2007 20th Anniversary Concert with Benny Waters

With Benny Weinbeck
 1998 Sweet Love
 2011 Live at D'Amico Kitchen

With Pete Whitman
 1998 Departure Point
 2001 The Sound of Water
 2003 Where's When?

With Steve Yeager
 2003 New Groove Blues

Concert video
With Benny Weinbeck Trio
 2011 – Benny Weinbeck Trio: Live at D'Amico Kitchen (DVD)

References

External links
 Official Website

1953 births
Living people
American jazz bandleaders
American jazz drummers
American jazz educators
American session musicians
Bebop drummers
Hard bop drummers
Musicians from Minneapolis
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Jazz musicians from Minnesota
Educators from Minnesota
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

Phil Hey


Mahmoud Amr El-Wany (; born March 8, 1981) is an Egyptian former swimmer, who specialized in middle-distance freestyle events. He is a single-time Olympian (2000), and a member of Al-Ahly Swim Club in Cairo.

El-Wany competed only in the men's 200 m freestyle at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He eclipsed a FINA B-cut of 1:55.28 (200 m freestyle) from the Egyptian Championships in Cairo. He challenged four other swimmers in heat one, including Uzbekistan's two-time Olympian Oleg Tsvetkovskiy. Leading the other half of the race, El-Wany faded shortly to a second seed on the final lap by 0.26 seconds behind Tsvetkovskiy, but bettered a personal mark of 1:55.19. El-Wany failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed forty-sixth overall in the prelims.

References

1981 births
Living people
Egyptian male freestyle swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Egypt
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Cairo
20th-century Egyptian people
21st-century Egyptian people

Mahmoud El-Wany


The black-necked agama (Acanthocercus atricollis) is a species of tree agama that is native to East, Central and southern Africa. Its largest continuous range is in southeastern Africa, and it occurs at high densities in the Kruger National Park.

Description

The sexes have a comparable snout-to-vent length (SVL) and have similar tail lengths. Mature males have somewhat larger heads than females, which is deemed to be an adaptation for intraspecific competition for territory. Females reach sexual maturity when about 96 mm long (SVL) and males from about 82 mm (SVL).

Habits
They form structured colonies with a dominant male, several females and juveniles. The males defend territories and engage in combat. Although mostly diurnal, they sometimes exhibit nocturnal activity. It adapts readily to the vicinity of human habitation. They are classic ambush foragers which spend only some 4% of their time moving. This involves an average of less than one movement in two minutes. When stationary, the adults position themselves on lateral branches (42% of the time), on tree trunks (35%), or occasionally on the ground (23%).

The Acanthocercus a. atricollis can more commonly be found in higher densities around villages. This is due to the lack of natural predators like snakes or raptors that are often killed by humans and the preference of trees that are thicker, with more canopy cover.

Diet
They subsist on an insect diet, which consists mainly of orthopterans, beetles and ants. Their full diet encompasses various orders (10 recorded) of arthropods. They also eat millipedes, which other lizard taxa tend to avoid. Gut contents reveal many ants (92% of items) and some beetles (4%). A large volume of orthopterans is consumed (27%), followed by beetles (26%) and ants (18%). Juvenile diet (by volume) is dominated by ants, though beetles and orthopterans are also taken. Prey diversity and volumes fluctuate seasonally.

Reproduction
Reproduction is seasonal. Testicular volume of males reaches a maximum during August to September (austral spring), and follicles of females become enlarged during August to December. Females lay a single clutch per annum, about 11 eggs on average, and larger females produce larger clutches than smaller females.

Range
It is found in Eritrea, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, South Sudan, Uganda, D.R.C., Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini.

Races
Two races are usually accepted. Four more have been described however, which are not very distinct.
 A. a. atricollis (Smith, 1849) – Southern tree agama, of southern Africa
 A. a. loveridgei (Klausewitz, 1957) – Tanzania

Gallery

References

Acanthocercus
Reptiles of Africa
Reptiles described in 1849
Taxa named by Andrew Smith (zoologist)

Acanthocercus atricollis


The Curtiss Model L was a triplane trainer aircraft in the United States in 1916 by the Curtiss Aeroplane Company of Hammondsport, New York.

Development
It was a largely conventional design with the upper two wings of equal span and a shorter-span lower wing, the Model L had a wide, open cockpit that accommodated the student and instructor side by side, an unusual feature for its time which gained the aircraft the nickname "Sociable Triplane". Apart from private sales, Curtiss sold a number to both the United States Army and Navy. These differed from their civil counterparts in having lower wings of equal span to the upper two. The three sold to the Navy were equipped as floatplanes.

The wings from one of the Army's examples were mated to the fuselage of a Curtiss Jenny to produce the single example of the X-1 trainer. Model L wings were also used by Curtiss for the creation of the Autoplane roadable aircraft, as well as being mated to a Model F hull to create the Curtiss FL.

Variants
 Model L - civil trainer version
 Model L-1 - military version
 Model L-2 - military version, some equipped with floats

Operators

United States Army
United States Navy

Specifications

References

 aerofiles.com

1910s United States civil trainer aircraft
Model L
Triplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1916

Curtiss Model L


Austin Lane Poole, FBA (6 December 1889 – 22 February 1963) was a British mediaevalist.

Poole came from an academic lineage, being the son of Reginald Lane Poole (archive keeper at the University of Oxford), the nephew of Stanley Lane Poole (professor of Arabic at Trinity College Dublin), and the great-nephew of Reginald Stuart Poole (professor of archaeology at Cambridge University).

Austin Poole studied at Magdalen College School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He later taught at Selwyn College, Cambridge and St John's College, Oxford. He became a Fellow and subsequently President of the latter and was also a Fellow of Corpus Christi College.

During the First World War, Poole served as a lieutenant in the Gloucestershire Regiment.

Austin Poole contributed the third volume of the Oxford History of England, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta 1087–1216, published 1951. He also edited collections of poetry by Thomas Gray. He delivered the Ford Lectures in 1944.

Poole was a tutor in modern history at St John's College, Oxford from 1913 and from 14 February 1947 to 1957 was the President of the college.

References

External links

 Who's who: Austin Lane Poole

1889 births
1963 deaths
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Fellows of St John's College, Oxford
Presidents of St John's College, Oxford
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Gloucestershire Regiment officers
20th-century British historians
Fellows of the British Academy

Austin Lane Poole


Vinciane Despret is a Belgian philosopher of science, associate professor, at the University of Liège, Belgium.

Biography

Vinciane Despret first graduated in philosophy. She then studied psychology and graduated in 1991. She is most known for having provided a reflexive account on ethologists, observing babblers in the Negev desert and the way they would interpret those birds' complex dance moves.

She is considered to be a foundational thinker in what has now become the field of animal studies. More generally, at the heart of her work lies the question of the relationship between observers and the observed during the conduct of scientific research.

Despret affiliates herself to such critical thinkers in philosophy and anthropology of science as Isabelle Stengers, Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour. She undertakes a critical understanding of how science is fabricated, following scientists doing fieldwork and the way they actively create links and specific relationships to their objects of study.

Main works

 "The Body We Care for: Figures of Anthropo-zoo-genesis", Body & Society, 2004, 10:2-3, 111-134.
 Our emotional Makeup. Ethnopsychology and Selfhood. New York : Other Press, 2004.
 "Sheep do have Opinions", in B. Latour & P. Weibel (eds), Making Things Public. Atmospheres of Democracy, 2006, Cambridge (MA) : M.I.T. Press, 360-370.
 "Ecology and Ideology : the Case of Ethology", International Problems, vol. XXXIII.63 (3-4) : 45-61.
 "The Becoming of Subjectivity in Animal Worlds", Subjectivity, 2008, 23, 123-129.
 What Would Animals Say If We Asked the Right Questions?, trans. Brett Buchanan, 2016, Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota Press.

Co-authored books in French

 with Isabelle Stengers, Les faiseuses d'histoires. Que font les femmes à la pensée?, Paris, La Découverte (Les empêcheurs de penser en rond), 2011.
 with Jocelyne Porcher, Etre Bête, Arles, Actes sud, 2007.

References

1959 births
Living people
21st-century Belgian philosophers
Writers from Brussels
Belgian women philosophers
Ethologists
Sociologists of science

Vinciane Despret


The optic chiasma, or 'optic chiasm', is the part of the brain where the optic nerves (CN II) partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus.

Pathways
The images on the nasal (inner) sides of each retina cross over to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm. The temporal (outer) images, on the other hand, stay on the same side. This allows the images from either side of the visual field to go to the appropriate side of the brain, combining the sides together.

Beyond the optic chiasm, with crossed and uncrossed fibers, optic nerves become optic tracts.

The crossing over of optic nerve fibres at the optic chiasma allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes.

The optic chiasma is found in all vertebrates.

References

Anatomy of the brain
Vision

Optic chiasma


Northern Colorado is the name for a region in the state of Colorado and a proposed state in the northeastern portion of Colorado.

Region
Northern Colorado is a region in the northern portion of Colorado. It borders northwestern Colorado, northeastern Colorado, the northern portion of Central Colorado, western and southwestern portions of Nebraska, and the southeastern portion of Wyoming. Northern Colorado receives over 300 days of sunshine per year and has a semi-arid climate. However, the parts located in upper elevations of the Rocky Mountains receive  of snow per year and have an Alpine climate. The University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado State University, and the University of Northern Colorado are all located in Northern Colorado.

Counties

Adams County
Arapahoe County
Boulder County
Broomfield City-County
Cheyenne County
Elbert County
Jackson County
Kit Carson County
Larimer County
Lincoln County
Logan County
Morgan County
Phillips County
Sedgwick County
Washington County
Weld County
Yuma County

Larger cities
 Boulder
 Broomfield
 Fort Collins
 Greeley
 Longmont
 Loveland

Potential state

North Colorado or Northern Colorado is a proposed new U.S. state which would consist of several counties in the northeast portion of Colorado  and possible counties from Nebraska and Kansas.

A University of Colorado law professor has indicated that an additional step would be required beyond the approval of the state legislature and the U.S. Congress, as the Colorado Constitution defines the state's boundaries, thus requiring a vote on a constitutional amendment.

Background
A county commissioner of Weld County stated his belief that the county sends more oil and gas revenue to the state than it receives back for schools, roads, and other services. In 2013, the Democratic-controlled Colorado General Assembly passed tighter gun control laws, higher renewable energy reliance laws, and livestock treatment laws. A higher environmental standard oil and gas production law was narrowly defeated. During the debates over these laws, talk of secession began in the Eastern Plains area. At a meeting of the state's county commissioners in early June, a State House leader indicated that they would attempt to pass the oil environmental standards law again. This brought the secession discussion to a higher level with Weld County Commissioners Mike Freeman, Sean Conway, and Douglas Rademacher leading the proposal with a hearing scheduled regarding counties placing secession questions on the November 2013 ballot.

History

Along with Weld County, several other counties were invited to or interested in being involved with this proposal: Morgan, Logan, Sedgwick, Phillips, Washington, Yuma, and Kit Carson. Also interested in joining the new state are parts of Nebraska. Colorado's Eastern Plain counties all may possibly be involved in the split, but Larimer County Commissioners indicated that their county would not likely approve of a split.

On July 8, 2013, a meeting of representatives from 10 counties was held in Akron, Colorado to begin setting the boundaries of the potential state. The news media reported that some people in Lincoln and Cheyenne counties wish to join in forming the state. Additionally, the organizers reported that three other Colorado and two Kansas counties also wish to join in forming the state. The county commissioners involved discussed an alternative plan if breaking away is not feasible. This alternative would be to change the Colorado Constitution to have one state senator per county;  however, the U. S. Supreme Court invalidated such representation by county in Reynolds v. Sims (1964) as a violation of the one man, one vote principle.

Cheyenne County—outside the original proposed area— became the first county to refer the measure to the people on July 23, 2013.  A total of eleven counties placed the measure on the November 5, 2013, ballot.  Voters in Cheyenne, Kit Carson, Phillips, Washington, and Yuma counties approved the measure.

Counties

Ballot initiative counties
Cheyenne
Elbert
Kit Carsoni
Lincoln
Logani
Moffat
Phillipsi
Sedgwicki
Washingtoni
Weldi
Yumai
Kansas counties - under consideration
Cheyenne
Wallace
Other counties
Morgani
i. initial invited county

References

External links
51st State Initiative - secession campaign group

Politics of Colorado
Proposed states and territories of the United States
Regions of Colorado
Separatism in the United States
2013 in Colorado
2013 in American politics

Northern Colorado


Major Edmund Leopold de Rothschild  (2 January 1916 – 17 January 2009) was an English financier, a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England, and a recipient of the Victoria Medal of Honour (VMH), given by the Royal Horticultural Society.

Life and career
Born in Westminster, London, he was the second child and first son of Lionel Nathan de Rothschild and Marie Louise Eugénie de Rothschild née Beer (1892–1975). Known as Eddy de Rothschild, he was educated at Lockers Park School in Hertfordshire, Harrow School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Having travelled the world after university, he worked at N M Rothschild & Sons before joining the British Army at the outbreak of World War II. As an artillery officer in the Buckinghamshire Yeomanry, he served with the British Expeditionary Force in France, the North African Campaign and in Italy with the 77th Field (Highland) Regiment before becoming a major in the newly formed Jewish Infantry Brigade.

In May 1946 Rothschild was demobilised and once back home in England he returned to work at N M Rothschild & Sons. He became a partner, his father having died in 1942, but then had very little experience. Tutored by his uncle Anthony Gustav de Rothschild, he played a key role in the continuing success of the bank, and became its chairman from 1970 to 1975. An aggressive business developer, during his career Rothschild flew the Atlantic Ocean more than four hundred times playing a key role in developing British interests in postwar Japan and was a significant part of the Rothschild syndicate that formed the British Newfoundland Development Corporation to undertake mineral exploration in Labrador, Canada and to develop the Churchill Falls hydro-electric dam.

Over the years he was involved in a number of philanthropic causes and in recognition of his services, the New Year Honours 1997 made Rothschild a Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Still active into his nineties, he was President of the Association of Jewish Ex-Servicemen and Women (AJEX). In 1998, he appeared in the Chuck Olin documentary film titled In Our Own Hands that told the story of the only all-Jewish fighting force in World War II.

Like other members of the Rothschild family, he was an art collector, but the maintenance and development of the Exbury gardens was his most important pastime. From his father, Rothschild inherited Exbury Gardens in Hampshire which had fallen into severe disrepair as a result of the War, and he set about restoring the  gardens. Edmund's expertise became such that in the 1950s and 1960s he served on the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society. In 2001, the American Rhododendron Society in Eugene, Oregon awarded him a citation in appreciation of his many services to the horticultural world. In 2005, the Royal Horticultural Society bestowed on him the Victoria Medal of Honour, the highest accolade in the British gardening world. Rothschild established a charitable trust to manage Exbury Gardens with which his children are involved.

In 1949 he published Window on the World, an account of his world tour of 1937–39. His autobiography was published in 1998.

Private life
On 22 June 1948 Rothschild married Elizabeth Edith Lentner (1923–1980). The couple had the following children:

 Katherine Juliette (b. 1949), who married Marcus Agius
 Nicholas David (b. 1951)
 David Lionel (b. 1955) (twin)
 Charlotte Henriette (b. 1955) (twin)

Elizabeth Lentner de Rothschild died in 1980 and Edmund remarried in 1982 to Anne Kitching (1921-2012).

He died in 2009 at the age of 93.

References

External links
Official site of the Rothschild Archive
N M Rothschild & Sons
Exbury Gardens

English bankers
English gardeners
English art collectors
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Edmund Leopold de Rothschild
English Jews
English people of German-Jewish descent
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1916 births
2009 deaths
Victoria Medal of Honour recipients
Royal Artillery officers
Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry officers
Jewish Brigade personnel
20th-century English businesspeople
Military personnel from London

Edmund Leopold de Rothschild