Snowden is a 2016 biographical thriller film directed by Oliver Stone and written by Stone and Kieran Fitzgerald. Based on the books The Snowden Files (2014) by Luke Harding and Time of the Octopus (2015) by Anatoly Kucherena, the film stars Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Edward Snowden, a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) subcontractor and whistleblower who copied and leaked highly classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) beginning in 2013. In addition to Gordon-Levitt, the film features an ensemble cast including Shailene Woodley, Melissa Leo, Zachary Quinto, Tom Wilkinson, Scott Eastwood, Logan Marshall-Green, Timothy Olyphant, Ben Schnetzer, LaKeith Lee Stanfield, Rhys Ifans and Nicolas Cage. An international co-production of Germany, France, and the United States, principal photography began on February 16, 2015, in Munich.

Snowden screened at San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2016, before premiering at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 9, 2016. The film was theatrically released in the United States on September 16, 2016, by Open Road Films and on September 22 in Germany. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised Gordon-Levitt's performance and said Stone's direction played it safe. It grossed $37.3 million worldwide against its $40 million budget.

Plot
In 2013, Edward Snowden arranges a clandestine meeting in Hong Kong with documentarian Laura Poitras and journalist Glenn Greenwald. They discuss releasing the classified information in the former's possession regarding illegal mass surveillance conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA). Poitras later released a documentary about this meeting titled Citizenfour, this in turn was used in a scene within the film Snowden.

In 2004, Snowden is undergoing basic training, having enlisted in the U.S. Army with intentions of matriculating to the Special Forces. He eventually fractures his tibia and is informed that he will be receiving an administrative discharge in the process.

Snowden applies for a position at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and subsequently undergoes the screening process. Initially, his answers to the screening questions are insufficient, but Deputy Director Corbin O'Brian decides to take a chance on him, given the demands of such extraordinary times. Snowden is then brought to "The Hill" where he is educated and tested on cyberwarfare. He learns about the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which circumvents the Fourth Amendment rights of U.S. citizens by allowing warrant requests to be approved by a panel of judges that were appointed by the Chief Justice. Snowden and his peers are each tasked with building a covert communications network in their hometown, deleting it, and then rebuilding it in eight hours or less, with five hours being the average time taken. Snowden impresses O'Brian when he completes the exercise in 38 minutes.

Meanwhile, Snowden meets Lindsay Mills via a dating website. The two bond, despite sharply contrasting political ideologies. Snowden acquires his first post abroad working with diplomatic cover in Geneva in 2007, taking Mills with him. He meets Gabriel Sol, who has ample experience in electronic surveillance. Snowden begins questioning the ethical implications of their assignment. After his superior decides to set up their target on a DUI charge in order to coerce information from him, Snowden resigns from the CIA.

Snowden later takes a position with the NSA in Japan, initially under the pretense of building a program that would allow the government to back up all critical data from the Middle East in an emergency, a program which he names "Epic Shelter". Snowden learns of the practices the NSA and other U.S. government agencies are using not just in Japan, but in most countries which the U.S. is currently allied with, which include planting malware in different computers that manage government, infrastructure and financial sectors so that, in the event that any allies turn against the US, that country can effectively be shut down in retaliation. The stress associated with the job results in the end of his relationship with Mills, who moves back with her family in Maryland.

Three months later, Snowden has left his post with the NSA and returned to Maryland where he and Mills resume their relationship and he takes a position consulting for the CIA. During a hunting trip, O'Brian reveals an operation in Oahu that revolves around counterattacking Chinese hackers. After Snowden is diagnosed with epilepsy, Mills agrees that he should join the operation for she believes the environment in Hawaii may be beneficial for his health. Upon beginning his new job in "The Tunnel", an underground World War II bunker that has been re-purposed for massive electronic surveillance and SIGINT operations, Snowden learns that Epic Shelter is actually providing real-time data that assists U.S. drone pilots in launching lethal strikes against terror suspects in Pakistan.

Snowden ultimately becomes disillusioned with what he is a part of. It culminates in Snowden smuggling a microSD card into his office by way of a Rubik's Cube, and loading all relevant data. He then tells his colleagues he is feeling ill and departs. He advises Mills to fly home to Maryland, after which he contacts Poitras and Greenwald to schedule the meeting.

With the help of journalist Ewen MacAskill, the information is disseminated to the press on June 5, 2013, with additional leaks published in the following days. In the aftermath, with the help of MacAskill, Greenwald and Poitras, Snowden is smuggled out of Hong Kong on a flight bound for Latin America by way of Russia. However, the U.S. government revokes his passport, forcing him to remain in Moscow indefinitely. He is eventually granted asylum for three years, with Mills joining him at a later date. Snowden continues his activism.

Cast

 Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Edward Snowden
 Edward Snowden briefly portrays himself in a cameo
 Shailene Woodley as Lindsay Mills
 Melissa Leo as Laura Poitras
 Zachary Quinto as Glenn Greenwald
 Tom Wilkinson as Ewen MacAskill
 Scott Eastwood as Trevor James
 Logan Marshall-Green as Male Drone Pilot/"Catfish"
 Timothy Olyphant as CIA officer Geneva
 Ben Schnetzer as Gabriel Sol
 LaKeith Lee Stanfield as Patrick Haynes
 Rhys Ifans as Corbin O'Brian
 Nicolas Cage as Hank Forrester
 Joely Richardson as Janine Gibson
 Robert Firth as Dr. Stillwell
 Ben Chaplin as Robert Tibbo

Anatoly Kucherena, Snowden's Russian attorney and the author of the novel Time of the Octopus, on which the screenplay is said to be partly based, plays a Russian diplomat in one of the Geneva scenes.

Production

Development

When Oliver Stone was first approached to helm the film, he was hesitant. At the time, he was working on another controversial subject, about the last few years in the life of Martin Luther King Jr., with Jamie Foxx attached to star, and did not immediately wish to tackle a project as incendiary again. He had been previously criticized for being too apathetic towards George W. Bush – despite calling him the second worst President in U.S. history only after Richard Nixon – in his film, W. (2008). Nonetheless, a series of events and persuasion prompted him to finally agree to direct it. Glenn Greenwald, the journalist who worked with Laura Poitras to break the Snowden story, asked him for some advice; a couple of months later, Snowden's Russian lawyer, Anatoly Kucherena, contacted Stone via his producer asking to meet him. Wanting to sell his book about Snowden, Kucherena arranged a meeting in Moscow, in a secure place that Stone would not reveal. It was a fictional book, but Stone developed an interest towards it and called it "very Fyodor Dostoyevsky", in the sense that none of it is realistic. Stone, who did not know if Snowden would cooperate, was undecided whether to make a fictional film with an unnamed character or a story as realistic as possible.

Stone began meeting with Snowden in January 2014. At first, Snowden was wary about the idea of turning his life into a film. Stone went to meet Snowden twice more in late May of that year, and Snowden finally agreed to the idea and even decided to take part. Although he became involved in the project, he was given no script approval, nor did he receive any payment for the film. Payment was instead given to The Guardian. Snowden had seen a piece of Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States and was fascinated by it. Columbia Pictures already had the rights to Greenwald's book on the case.

On June 2, 2014, it was announced that Stone and Moritz Borman had acquired the rights to the nonfiction book The Snowden Files by Luke Harding, and that Stone would write and direct a film based on it. The film on Martin Luther King Jr. was scrapped since Stone was committed to direct Snowden instead. Eight days later, on June 10, 2014, Stone acquired the rights to another book, Time of the Octopus, by Kucherena. Stone used both books as the sources for his screenplay. On November 6, 2014, Open Road Films acquired the U.S. rights to the film, while Wild Bunch was set to handle foreign sales. Deadline Hollywood confirmed on November 10, 2014, that Endgame Entertainment had come on board to produce the film.

Pre-production

Before production began, Stone and Gordon-Levitt met Snowden in 2015 in Moscow, where he had been living in exile with his girlfriend, Lindsay Mills, since evading the U.S. government's attempts to arrest him for espionage. The U.S. government had revoked his passport while Snowden was trying to reach South America. Gordon-Levitt described Snowden as a person who is akin to Philippe Petit, whom Gordon-Levitt played in the 2015 film The Walk. Problems arose in Russia, however, as companies that were affiliated with the U.S. refused to become involved in the project, and no studio was ready to support it. It became extremely difficult for Stone, who had to finance everything along with the producer. Eventually, financing came through from France and Germany, and the film ended up being shot in Germany as a German production, with contracts being signed eight days before production began. Since the budget was too tight, Stone had to miss the funeral of his mother, who had died in America while filming was occurring in Germany. Going back to America would have meant that Stone would have had to cut four days of work, which he said he could not afford to do.

Casting
On September 21, 2014, Joseph Gordon-Levitt was in talks to play Edward Snowden, the American computer professional who leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) to the mainstream media starting in June 2013. On November 10, 2014, news confirmed that Gordon-Levitt would be starring in the lead role. On November 14, 2014, Shailene Woodley was in final talks to join the film, to play Snowden's girlfriend, Lindsay Mills. On February 2, 2015, Scott Eastwood joined the cast to play an NSA agent. On February 4, 2015, three more actors joined the cast; Melissa Leo played documentary filmmaker Laura Poitras, who filmed the most famous recording of Snowden, Zachary Quinto played Glenn Greenwald, the journalist chosen by Snowden to leak sensitive information, and Tom Wilkinson played Ewen MacAskill, defense and intelligence correspondent for The Guardian, who helped report the Snowden story. On February 13, 2015, Variety reported that Ben Schnetzer had also joined the film. On February 19, 2015, Timothy Olyphant joined the film to star as a CIA agent who befriended Snowden before he left for Russia, and Rhys Ifans and Joely Richardson were added to the cast of the film on February 20, 2015. On February 23, 2015, Nicolas Cage also signed on to play the role of a former US Intelligence official. Lakeith Stanfield was added to the cast on February 25, 2015, to play an NSA co-worker and a close friend to Snowden.

For his role as Snowden, Joseph Gordon-Levitt pledged to donate his entire salary from the film to "help facilitate the conversation" about the relationship between technology and democracy.

Filming
Principal photography began on February 16, 2015, in Munich, Germany. Shooting was underway in Washington, D.C. in early April, and shooting in Hawaii began on April 15 and lasted until April 18. The house used to film is on the same street Snowden lived on. At the end of April, Hong Kong press reported that crews started filming in The Mira Hong Kong, followed by outdoor filming in some old buildings in To Kwa Wan. Shooting lasted until mid-May. Some exterior footage was also filmed in Tokyo.

Due to fear of interference by the National Security Agency, Stone decided to shoot the film mostly outside of the United States. "We felt like we were at risk here. We didn't know what the NSA might do, so we ended up in Munich, which was a beautiful experience," Stone said. Due to fears of the film leaking, Stone employed self-described ethical hacker Ralph Echemendia as a technical supervisor, and made sure all cast and crew used a secure chat-and-file-sharing program.

Music
Peter Gabriel wrote the song "The Veil" exclusively for the film. The track's video features photos and a cameo of Snowden as well as news coverage scenes and footage from the movie.

Release

On February 20, 2015, Open Road Films set the film for a December 25, 2015 domestic release date. Pathé would release the film in France on December 30, 2015, and Universum Film would release it in Germany on January 7, 2016. However, in September 2015, Open Road moved the film from its December release date to 2016. The studio did not give reasons for the delay; however, The Hollywood Reporter reported that maybe it was because the film was not finished yet. On October 7, 2015, the film was set for a May 13, 2016 release. On February 19, 2016, the release date was again pushed back to September 16, at the forefront of awards season. The official trailer was published on April 27, 2016.

The film was invited to compete at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival, as the festival's director, Thierry Frémaux, saw the film, and praised it, calling it a "really good film. It complements Citizenfour marvelously. It helps understand a lot of things". Frémaux said he wanted the film to screen at Cannes, but explained that the film's producers "want to aim for the Oscars, so for them a Cannes premiere was a little too early". It was shown at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival, and had its European premiere at the 64th San Sebastián Film Festival.

Stone held a private screening of Snowden at the former home of Ernest Hemingway in Sun Valley, for an invited audience of around two dozen, including actress Melissa Leo, who portrayed documentary filmmaker Laura Poitras. Guests were required to sign non-disclosure agreements. The film received critical praise from the attendees, and one audience member was quoted saying, "What he did that's so brilliant is, he gave this kid's whole back story, so you really like him."

The film had an invitation-only screening at San Diego Comic-Con on July 21, 2016. A second trailer for the film was released at the event.

Reception

Box office
Snowden grossed $21.6 million in the United States and Canada and $15.7 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $37.3 million, against a production budget of $40 million.

The film was released on September 16, 2016, alongside Blair Witch, Bridget Jones's Baby and Hillsong: Let Hope Rise, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 2,443 theaters in its opening weekend. It went on to open to $8 million, finishing 4th at the box office. It marked the lowest opening of Oliver Stone's career for a film playing in over 2,000 theaters.

Critical response
Snowden received mixed reviews from critics, although Gordon-Levitt's performance garnered critical praise. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 61%, based on 257 reviews, with an average score of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Snowden boasts a thrilling fact-based tale and a solid lead performance from Joseph Gordon-Levitt, even if director Oliver Stone saps the story of some of its impact by playing it safe." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 58 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.

Richard Roeper gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "Snowden works best when it's just Edward and the three journalists in that hotel room, sweating it out, or when we see the pattern of events that led him to commit acts that exposed the shocking practices of our own government that also quite possibly created serious security breaches."

On November 19, 2016, during the Camerimage festival, cinematographer Anthony Dod Mantle received the Bronze Frog award for his work on this film.

Accolades

See also
 Reality Winner
 Chelsea Manning

References

External links

2016 films
2010s biographical films
2010s thriller films
2010s war films
American biographical films
American political films
American political thriller films
American thriller films
English-language German films
German biographical films
German thriller films
Films directed by Oliver Stone
Films with screenplays by Oliver Stone
Films scored by Craig Armstrong (composer)
Films shot in Bavaria
Films shot in Hong Kong
Films shot in Germany
Films shot in Tokyo
Films shot in Washington, D.C.
Cultural depictions of Edward Snowden
Political thriller films
Thriller films based on actual events
Open Road Films films
Vertigo Films films
Films set in Virginia
Films set in Maryland
Films set in Hawaii
Films set in Geneva
Films set in Japan
Films set in Hong Kong
Films set in Moscow
Films set in the 2000s
Films set in the 2010s
Films set in 2004
Films set in 2013
Films about computer hacking
Films about security and surveillance
Films about whistleblowing
Films based on multiple works
Films about mass surveillance
Films about the National Security Agency
Films based on biographies
Films set in Georgia (U.S. state)
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
2010s German films
Films set in bunkers

Snowden (film)


Lily Allen and Friends was a British TV talk show presented by Lily Allen. The programme was produced by Princess Productions for BBC Three. It was first shown on 12 February 2008.

The audience consists entirely of Lily's online friends, who sign up via the programme's website. Guests include celebrities, topical guests from the online world, chart-topping bands and lesser known acts chosen by the public. Also each week a member of the public has a chance to record a question for either of that week's guest along with an internet celebrity and a character known only as "Mary, the foul-mouthed grandma". Internet correspondents posed questions for the celebrities.

Host
The show was hosted by Lily Allen. Lily Allen and Friends was Allen's first venture into television presenting.

Format
The show was filmed at Pinewood Studios. The programme features a video diary of Lily's life outside the programme and a section titled weird and wonderful, highlighting internet videos in the YouTube Hero and Myspace Band items.

Reception

The BBC was criticised by several teacher unions for a video aired on show of 18 March 2008 that apparently showed a student running up from behind and pulling down his teacher's trousers. The unions said airing this clip was irresponsible and greatly added to the teacher's embarrassment.  While introducing the clip Allen called it kegging and said "It's very childish, but very funny".

As the tickets are simply distributed by an online ticket agency which anyone can apply for in an identical way to other TV shows, there was comment passed on whether the statement "the audience consists entirely of Lily's online friends" was valid.

It was reported that during an interview with Paddy McGuinness, Allen exposed her breast to the audience for three minutes.

Episode guide

See also

 Lily Allen
 MySpace

References

External links

 Princess Productions

2008 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
BBC Television shows
BBC television talk shows
English-language television shows
Television series by Endemol
Television series produced at Pinewood Studios
Lily Allen

Lily Allen and Friends


Marilyn Harris (June 4, 1931 – January 18, 2002) was an American author best known for her seven-novel "Eden" series, an historical saga about the Eden family of England. The series contains This Other Eden (1977); The Prince of Eden (1978); The Eden Passion (1979); The Women of Eden (1980); Eden Rising (1982); American Eden (1987); and Eden and Honor (1989). She is also the author of the best selling novel, Hatter Fox (1973), adapted into a 1977 CBS movie, The Girl Called Hatter Fox.

Early years
Harris was born on June 4, 1931, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the daughter of John P., an oil executive, and Dora (nee Veal) Harris. Harris was educated in her home state, attending Cottey College from 1945 to 1951, then transferring to the University of Oklahoma, from which she received a bachelor of arts degree in 1953 and a master of arts degree in 1955.

Writing career
Harris's first collection of short stories, King's Ex, was published by Doubleday in 1967. After that Harris proved a prolific author, publishing twenty books, including novels, short stories, romance/historical fiction and children's fiction in a twenty-year period from 1970 to 1989. These works, in addition to those listed above, include In the Midst of Earth (1969), The Peppersalt Land (1970), The Runaway's Diary (1971), The Conjurers (1974), Bledding Sorrow (1976), The Portent (1980), The Last Great Love (1981), The Diviner (1983), Warrick (1985), Night Games (1987), and Lost and Found (1991). The novel Hatter Fox was successfully filmed as a TV movie under the title The Girl Called Hatter Fox starring Ronny Cox (Dr. Teague Summer) and Joanelle Romero (the title character).  The film marked the first time a Native American actress played a leading role. Harris's work has received a wide readership; in 1983, nine million of her books were in print, and her work has been translated into many languages, including French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, and Japanese. She was also an author in residence at Oklahoma's Central State University.

Awards
Among the awards Harris received are the following: O. Henry Award, 1968, for her début short story Icarus Again, published in April 1967 issue of The Malahat Review; University of Oklahoma Literary Award, in 1970; Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, 1973, for The Runaway's Diary; Oklahoma Federation of Writers Teepee Award, 1974; Women in Communications By-Liner Award, 1974; Oklahoma Writers Hall of Fame Award, 1980; and Cottey College Distinguished Alumna Award, 1981.

Family
Harris married Edgar V. Springer, Jr., a professor, in 1953; the couple had two children: John P. and Karen Louise. She died in Norman, Oklahoma, on January 18, 2002.

References

External links
 Books by Marilyn Harris on Internet Archive.
 About books by Marilyn Harris on Goodreads.

1931 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
University of Oklahoma alumni
Cottey College alumni
20th-century American women writers

Marilyn Harris (writer)


Futebol Clube do Porto, MHIH, OM (), commonly known as FC Porto or simply Porto, is a Portuguese professional sports club based in Porto. It is best known for the professional football team playing in the Primeira Liga, the top flight of Portuguese football.

Founded on 28 September 1893, Porto is one of the "Big Three" (Portuguese: Os Três Grandes) teams in Portugal – together with Lisbon-based rivals Benfica and Sporting CP, that have appeared in every season of the Primeira Liga since its establishment in 1934. They are nicknamed Dragões (Dragons), for the mythical creature atop the club's crest, and Azuis e brancos (Blue-and-whites), for the shirt colours. Those colours are in stripes with blue shorts. The club supporters are called portistas. Since 2003, Porto have played their home matches at the Estádio do Dragão, which replaced the previous 51-year-old ground, the Estádio das Antas.

Porto are the second most decorated team in Portuguese football, with 84 major trophies. Domestically, these comprise 30 Portuguese league titles (five of which won consecutively between 1994–95 and 1998–99, a Portuguese football record), 19 Taça de Portugal, 4 Campeonato de Portugal, 1 Taça da Liga and a record 23 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Porto is one of two teams to have won the league title without defeats, in the 2010–11 and 2012–13 seasons. In the former, Porto achieved the largest-ever difference of points between champion and runner-up in a three-points-per-win system (21 points), on their way to a second quadruple.

In international competitions, Porto is the most decorated Portuguese team, with seven trophies. They won the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1987 and 2004, the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 2003 and 2011, the UEFA Super Cup in 1987, and the Intercontinental Cup in 1987 and 2004. In addition, they were runners-up in the 1983–84 European Cup Winners' Cup, plus the 2003, 2004 and 2011 editions of the UEFA Super Cup. Porto is the only Portuguese club to have won the UEFA Cup/Europa League, the UEFA Super Cup, the Intercontinental Cup, and to have achieved a continental treble of domestic league, domestic cup and European titles (2002–03 and 2010–11). Porto have the third-most appearances in the UEFA Champions League group stage (23), behind Barcelona and Real Madrid (24). In UEFA, Porto ranks 9th in the all-time club ranking and also ranked 20th in the club coefficient rankings at the end of the 2022–23 season.

History

Early years (1893–1921)

The club was founded on 28 September 1893 as Foot-Ball Club do Porto by António Nicolau de Almeida, a local port wine merchant and avid sportsman, who became fascinated with football during his trips to England. Porto played its first matches with other Portuguese clubs, including one against Lisbon's Foot-Ball Club Lisbonense on 2 March 1894. This match had the patronage of King Carlos I and Queen Amélie of Orléans, who travelled to Porto to witness the event and present a trophy to the winners.

Almeida's enthusiasm and involvement with the club waned due to family pressure, and by the turn of the century, Porto had entered a period of inactivity. In 1906, José Monteiro da Costa returned to Porto after finishing his studies in England. Like Almeida, thirteen years before, he was also captivated by the English game, and together with some associates, decided to reintroduce the practice of football in the city, outside of the British circles. On 2 August 1906, Porto was revived and Monteiro da Costa appointed its president. Although football was the driving force, the club also promoted other sports, including gymnastics, weightlifting and wrestling, athletics and swimming. Shortly after, Porto rented its first ground and recruited a French coach named Adolphe Cassaigne, who would stay in the club until 1925.

On 15 December 1907, Porto played its first match against a foreign team, hosting Spain's Real Fortuna. In the following month, Porto returned the visit and played its first match abroad. Four years later, the club won the inaugural staging of the Taça José Monteiro da Costa, securing its first-ever major title. In 1912, Porto joined efforts with Leixões to establish the Porto Football Association, which began organising the regional championship in the following year. Porto finished the first season as runners-up, behind local rivals Boavista, but in the following season the club won its first championship. By the end of the 1920–21 season, Porto had been regional champions six times in seven years, and outright winners of the Taça José Monteiro da Costa, after claiming a third consecutive victory in 1916.

First national titles and drought years (1921–1977)
The 1921–22 season was marked by the creation of the first nationwide football competition – the Campeonato de Portugal. Organised by the national federation, this knockout tournament gathered the winners of the regional championships to determine the Portuguese champion. After clinching its fourth consecutive regional title, Porto defeated Sporting CP in the inaugural edition and became the first national champions. While a dominant regional force, the club faced stronger opposition in the national championship, winning it only three more times in a span of sixteen years (1925, 1932 and 1937). In 1933–34, Porto was denied participation in the Campeonato de Portugal by its football association for refusing to release players for a match between the Porto and Lisbon regional teams.

In the following season, a second nationwide competition named "Campeonato da Primeira Liga" (English: Premier League Championship), or simply Primeira Liga, was provisionally established by the national federation to increase the number of matches per season and improve the competitiveness of Portuguese football. As the regional champion, Porto qualified for the first edition of the new round-robin competition, winning it with 10 victories in 14 matches. Due to the success of its format, the Primeira Liga was made an official championship competition for the 1938–39 season – its name changed to "Campeonato Nacional da Primeira Divisão" (English: First Division National Championship) or simply Primeira Divisão – and replaced the Campeonato de Portugal, which in turn was converted into the Taça de Portugal, the main domestic cup competition. Porto won the inaugural edition of the new league championship and successfully defended the title in the next season, despite almost failing to take part. The club failed to secure a third consecutive title, and after nearly missing again a place in the Primeira Divisão in 1941–42, it would only return to a top-three finish in the 1946–47 season. In 1948, Porto defeated English champions Arsenal 3–2 in a friendly match. To commemorate this victory, the associates offered the club a massive trophy made of  of silver and wood – the Arsenal Cup.

Having endured a 16-year title drought period, Porto returned to winning ways by taking the 1955–56 Primeira Divisão on head-to-head advantage over runners-up Benfica. Later that season, Porto beat Torreense to win its first Taça de Portugal and achieved its first double. As the Portuguese league winner, Porto made its debut in European competitions by qualifying for the 1956–57 European Cup. The club's first participation was short-lived, ending in the preliminary round with two defeats against Spanish champions Athletic Bilbao.

A year later, Porto lifted its second Taça de Portugal by beating Benfica 1–0 in the final. In 1958, Béla Guttmann took charge as coach of Porto and helped them overhaul a five-point lead enjoyed by Benfica to win the Portuguese League title in 1959. The two clubs met in the season's final, but this time Benfica took the trophy and denied a second double for Porto that had won the 1958–59 Primeira Divisão three months before.

Shortly after, the club entered another lacklustre period of its history, the highest point of which was a victory in the 1968 Taça de Portugal final. During this time, Porto had its worst-ever league classification, a ninth place in 1969–70, while its best league record in that period consisted of six runner-up finishes (four consecutive between 1961–62 and 1964–65). In European competitions, the club participated for the first time in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup (and its successor, the UEFA Cup) and in the Cup Winners' Cup, without getting past the third round.
One of the club's most tragic moments occurred on 16 December 1973, when during a league match against Vitória de Setúbal, the 26-year-old captain Pavão fell unconscious on the pitch and died later at the hospital. The following month, Porto presented Peruvian international Teófilo Cubillas, who became one of the club's most successful players, scoring 65 goals in 108 games.

International affirmation (1977–1988)

The return of José Maria Pedroto – a former Porto player and head coach in the late 1960s – in the 1976–77 season started a new chapter in the club's history. Responsible for the previous cup triumph in 1968, Pedroto guided Porto to its fourth title in the competition. In the following season, he put an end to Porto's league title drought, winning the championship 19 years after having played in the team that took the last title. Internationally, Porto reached the quarter-finals of the 1977–78 Cup Winners' Cup, beating Manchester United along the way, but suffered its heaviest defeat (6–1) against AEK Athens in the subsequent season's European Cup. A poor run of performances in the latter part of the season – resulting in the loss of the league and cup titles – sparked a conflict between the technical staff and president Américo de Sá, which ended with the resignation of Pedroto and his replacement by Hermann Stessl. In December 1981, Porto overcame Benfica to win the inaugural staging of the Portuguese Super Cup, the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira.

Pedroto returned in April 1982 by the hand of the club's newly elected president Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa, who had resigned as director of football, two years before, in solidarity with the coach. The previous month, Porto fell again in the Cup Winners' Cup quarter-finals against one of the eventual finalists, but needed only two years to finally reach the competition's final. On 16 May 1984, Porto played its first major European final in Basel's St. Jakob Stadium, losing 2–1 to Michel Platini's Juventus. Already without Pedroto, who stepped down due to illness, Porto won that season's Taça and Supertaça but lost the championship to Benfica. Under the steering of Pedroto's apprentice, Artur Jorge, the following season brought the Primeira Divisão title back to the club and crowned homegrown striker Fernando Gomes as Europe's top goalscorer for the second time, after first taking the award in 1983.

Porto retained the league title in 1986, securing an entry to the 1986–87 European Cup. In the first game, the club recorded its biggest win in European competitions: 9–0 against Maltese side Rabat Ajax. Vítkovice of Czechoslovakia, Brøndby of Denmark, and Dynamo Kyiv of the Soviet Union were successively eliminated as Porto advanced to its first European Cup final, against Bayern Munich. Trailing the Germans 1–0 until the 79th minute, Porto scored twice in two minutes – the first goal through a famous backheel from former Algerian international Rabah Madjer, who assisted Juary for the second – to secure a surprising win and the European Cup title.
The following season, under new coach Tomislav Ivic, the club completed a treble of international trophies by beating Ajax for the 1987 European Super Cup and Uruguay's Peñarol for the 1987 Intercontinental Cup.
The 1987–88 season was one of the most successful for the club, who also won the Taça de Portugal and an expanded 20-team Primeira Divisão with a record number of goals scored (88) and distance in points to the runners-up (15).

Tri, Tetra, Penta (1988–2001)
In contrast to the previous season, Porto failed to win a trophy in 1988–89, with many of its players struck down with injuries, such as Madjer and Gomes. Fifteen years after his first-team debut, Gomes made his last season for Porto, where he became the all-time top goalscorer with 352 goals in 455 matches. The club brought back Artur Jorge, who recovered the Primeira Divisão title in the following season and added the Taça and Supertaça trophies in 1991. His successor, Brazilian Carlos Alberto Silva, won back-to-back league titles in two seasons and qualified Porto for the first UEFA Champions League.

Midway through the 1993–94 season, Porto hired former England manager Bobby Robson, who had been sacked by Sporting CP. The club closed the gap to league winners Benfica, reached the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League semi-finals, and ended the season with a victory over Sporting CP in the Taça de Portugal final.
In Robson's first full season, Porto claimed the 1994–95 Primeira Divisão title with a win at Sporting CP's ground and played Benfica four times to secure both the 1993 and 1994 stagings of the Supertaça. The beginning of the season had been clouded by the death of 26-year-old midfielder Rui Filipe, who had scored the club's first league goal. Robson's increasing health problems barred him from leading Porto in the first months of the 1995–96 season, but he returned in time to revalidate the league title. Striker Domingos Paciência became the club's top goalscorer for the second consecutive time and won that season's Bola de Prata, the last win by a Portuguese player.

To fill the void left by the departure of Robson for Barcelona, Porto hired former club captain and Portugal national team manager António Oliveira. Under his command, Porto made history by winning a third consecutive league title (the Tri) for the first time, leaving the runners-up at a distance of 13 points. The club's eighth Supertaça win over Benfica was achieved with a solid performance at the Estádio da Luz that resulted in a 5–0 scoreline. The arrival of Brazilian players Artur and Mário Jardel proved highly productive in the 1996–97 UEFA Champions League, as their goals helped Porto beat Milan in Italy and win its group without defeats. In addition, Jardel would win the first of four consecutive Bola de Prata awards while at Porto. In Oliveira's second and last season at the club, Porto won the Primeira Divisão for the fourth straight season (the Tetra), matching Sporting CP's achievement in the early 1950s, and secured its third double after beating Braga in the 1998 Taça de Portugal Final.

For the 1998–99 season, Porto tasked Portuguese coach Fernando Santos with winning the club's fifth successive Primeira Divisão title (the Penta) – a Portuguese football record. He accomplished this feat, becoming thereafter known as the "Penta engineer" (a pun to his academic degree), and saw Jardel's 36 goals win him the European Golden Shoe. Porto lost the chance to win its sixth straight league title, after finishing four points behind 1999–2000 Primeira Liga champions Sporting, but overcame them to lift its tenth Taça de Portugal trophy. Despite winning the Portuguese cup for the second time in two years, continued failure to retake the league title led to the resignation of Santos at the end of the 2000–01 season.

Mourinho's golden years (2001–2004)

The appointment of former club player and assistant coach Octávio Machado to head Porto back to the league title appeared to pay off as the team began the season with a Supertaça win against the 2000–01 Primeira Liga winners, Boavista. However, this would be the only major achievement in a lacklustre season that would culminate with a third place in the league classification – the lowest in 20 years. The elimination from the 2001–02 Taça de Portugal, four days after losing away for the Primeira Liga, precipitated the sacking of Machado after 36 matches in charge.

Two days later, Porto signed União de Leiria's coach, José Mourinho, who had previously worked for the club alongside Robson. In his presentation, Mourinho promptly showcased his personality by stating unequivocally that the club would win next season's league title. He kept true to his promise and delivered one of the club's most successful seasons. Fielding the likes of Deco, Ricardo Carvalho, Maniche, and less known players hired from other Portuguese clubs, such as Paulo Ferreira, Pedro Emanuel, Nuno Valente and Derlei, Porto won the 2002–03 Primeira Liga with relative comfort, finishing 11 points ahead of second-placed Benfica. The club also won the UEFA Cup, defeating Celtic in a dramatic extra-time final, to win its second major European title. Mourinho then secured an unprecedented treble for Porto by winning the Taça de Portugal final against his previous club.

The 2003–04 season began with another 1–0 win over União de Leiria, which gave the club its 13th Supertaça. Weeks later, Porto failed to repeat this success in the 2003 UEFA Super Cup, losing 1–0 to Milan. The departure of striker Hélder Postiga was compensated by the signing of South Africa's Benni McCarthy, whose 20 league goals helped Porto in its league title defense and crowned him the competition's top scorer.

Porto entered the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League directly into the group stage. Porto finished second in its group, losing only once to Real Madrid, and advanced to the round-of-16 where they met Manchester United. After narrowly winning at home (2–1), Porto was on the verge of elimination, being behind by 1–0 till the last minute of official playtime at the second leg at Old Trafford. However, Porto scored the equalizer in the 90th minute of the second leg to draw 1–1 and to advance to the quarter-finals with a 3–2 aggregate win. The team then overcame Lyon and Deportivo La Coruña to reach the Champions League final. Porto defeated Monaco 3–0 to lift the club's second European Champion Clubs' Cup. A 2–1 loss to Benfica in the Taça de Portugal final, held 10 days before, prevented another treble-winning season.

Life after Mourinho (2004–2010)
The successful European performances of Mourinho's Porto enhanced the reputations of the coach and players like Carvalho, Ferreira and Deco, all of whom left the club in the aftermath of the Champions League victory. The following season was an atypical one, as the club had three coaches: Luigi Delneri, Víctor Fernández and José Couceiro. Under Férnandez, Porto won the 2004 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and the 2004 Intercontinental Cup, but lost the 2004 UEFA Super Cup to Valencia and was eliminated prematurely in the 2004–05 Taça de Portugal. Recording only 17 wins in 34 matches, Porto lost the Primeira Liga title to Benfica by three points. During this period, Porto was directly involved in the corruption scandal Apito Dourado.

In 2005–06, Dutch coach Co Adriaanse was picked to reorganise the team and return the club to the top of Portuguese football. His tactical discipline and the contribution of new signings Lucho González and Lisandro López led the club to not only retake the Primeira Liga title but also secure its fifth domestic double, after beating holders Vitória de Setúbal in the Taça de Portugal final. Adriaanse's domestic success did not transfer to the Champions League, as Porto finished in the bottom of its group.

The club began the 2006–07 season with a new coach, Jesualdo Ferreira, signed from neighbours Boavista. Before Ferreira assumed his role, Porto won the season-opening Supertaça, with former club player Rui Barros acting as interim coach. An experienced head coach, Ferreira had never achieved major club level success, but in his first season in Porto he became national champion for the first time. The 2006–07 Primeira Liga title was only secured in a frantic final day, as Porto finished one point above Sporting and two above Benfica. The following season, the club achieved the Tri for the second time in its history – with López clinching the top goalscorer award – but lost the Taça and Supertaça finals to Sporting CP. In May 2008, as result of Apito Dourado, a legal investigation on match fixing in Portuguese football, Porto was fined €150,000 and punished with the loss of six points, while Pinto da Costa was suspended for two years. Porto did not appeal the decision.

Having claimed a sixth league and cup double in the 2008–09 season, Porto was on course to emulate the Penta of the late 1990s, but the series was broken by Benfica in the following season. Although Ferreira won his first Supertaça and defended the Taça de Portugal title, the team's failure to claim a fifth consecutive league – finishing third, outside the Champions League-qualifying places – and a 3–0 defeat against Benfica in the final of the Taça da Liga contributed to his resignation at the end of the season. A home win against Benfica prevented the rivals from celebrating the league title at the Estádio do Dragão. Under Ferreira's steering, Porto always qualified for the Champions League knockout stage, reaching the quarter-finals in 2008–09, where it was eliminated by holders Manchester United.

Villas-Boas, Pereira and subsequent years (2010–2017)

The arrival of Mourinho's former assistant André Villas-Boas, in the spring of 2010, set the stage for a highly successful 2010–11 season, which began with a 2–0 victory over Benfica for the Supertaça. Spearheaded by João Moutinho, Silvestre Varela, Falcao and Hulk (the Bola de Prata winner), Porto performed strongly in the Primeira Liga and assured its 25th title with five matches to play, after beating Benfica in its stadium. In addition, the club broke a number of records: biggest distance between champions and runners-up (21 points), the most consecutive league wins (16), and the highest percentage of points in a 30-game season (93.33%), dropping only six points and finishing the league without defeats, for the first time in its history.
Eight years after the 2003 triumph, Porto returned to the UEFA Cup (renamed UEFA Europa League) and reached the final in Dublin's Aviva Stadium. In an all-Portuguese affair, Porto beat Braga with a goal from the competition's top goalscorer Falcao and lifted the trophy for the second time, as Villas-Boas became the youngest UEFA competition-winning coach. Four days later, Porto won its third consecutive Taça de Portugal with a convincing 6–2 scoreline, securing their fourth trophy of the season.

As Villas-Boas left for Chelsea, Porto recruited the services of his assistant, Vítor Pereira. For the third straight year, the club began the season with another Supertaça title, which was followed by a 2–0 loss to Barcelona for the 2011 UEFA Super Cup. Although lacking the goalscoring prolificacy of Falcao (sold to Atlético Madrid), Porto was able to revalidate the Primeira Liga title, but was eliminated prematurely from the Taça and Champions League competitions. Transferred to the Europa League, Porto failed to defend its title after being knocked out by Manchester City.
In the following season, the club went a stage further in both domestic cup competitions and in the Champions League, where it fell to Málaga in the last-16 round. In the 2012–13 Primeira Liga, Porto reduced the distance to leaders Benfica to two points, before hosting them in the penultimate matchday. In a dramatic turn of events, Porto won with a goal in stoppage time and moved to the top of the league table. An away victory in the last game confirmed the Tri and Porto's 27th league title – the second without defeats.

Porto entered the 2013–14 season with a new head coach – Paulo Fonseca, signed from 2012 to 2013 Primeira Liga third-placed Paços de Ferreira – but continued the trend of the previous four seasons by winning the Supertaça. This title would be the highlight of the season, as the club underperformed in every other competition it was involved. In the league, Porto led with five points over its pursuers, but a series of compromising results pushed the club down to third place, resulting in the sacking of Fonseca. Failing to overcome the Champions League group stage, Porto reached the Europa League quarter-finals, where they lost 4–1 to the eventual winners Sevilla. In the following weeks, two semi-final losses against Benfica closed the doors to the finals of the Taça de Portugal and Taça da Liga, the latter at home on penalties.

Porto started the 2014–15 season with their biggest budget ever, hiring Spanish head coach Julen Lopetegui. Despite the signing of many new players, they failed to win any silverware, contributing to the biggest hiatus during Pinto da Costa's presidency. They also equalized, in terms of goals conceded, their biggest defeat in European competitions (6–1 against AEK Athens) and suffered their biggest defeat in the UEFA Champions League (6–1 against Bayern Munich, after the 5–0 loss against Arsenal in 2010). Porto continued their losing trend in the 2015–16 season, making it the second consecutive trophyless season, with the contribution of José Peseiro, who had replaced Julen Lopetegui in January 2016. After the season was over, Peseiro was replaced by Nuno Espírito Santo.

Conceição era (2017–present)

In the 2017–18 season, after almost five years without winning any trophy, Porto won their 28th league title with the contribution of coach Sérgio Conceição, a former player of the club. The following year, in the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, Porto managed to reach the quarter-finals of the competition, but were defeated by 6–1 on aggregate against the eventual winners Liverpool.

In the 2019–20 season, Porto managed to recapture the league title, winning it for the 29th time and added for the first time in eleven years the Portuguese cup along with it. However, despite their national success, FC Porto did not reach the group phase of the Champions League and did poorly in their Europa League campaign.

In the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League round of 16, Porto won on away goals rule (4–4 on aggregate) against Juventus, to reach the quarter-finals. The season would, however, end with only one national trophy, the Supertaça.

After having lost the national title to Sporting in the previous season, Porto's 2021–22 season saw them reach various successes at domestic level: with Conceição at the helm for the 5th season in a row, the team recaptured the Primeira Liga, achieving a record 91 points. During the season, the Dragons also set a new record for longest unbeaten run in the league, with 58 matches, a sequence that had been started during the first half of the 2020–21 edition. One week after the league's conclusion, they added the domestic cup, thus securing the second double in Conceição's reign.

On January 28 2023, still under Conceição, and on their fifth try, Porto won their first ever Taça da Liga title, defeating Sporting CP in the final, thus winning every national trophy available.

Crest and kit

The club's first crest was created in 1910 and consisted of an old blue football with white seams bearing the club name's initials in white. On 26 October 1922, the crest was changed to its present-day appearance after the club approved a design by Augusto Baptista Ferreira (nicknamed "Simplício"), a graphical artist and one of the club's players. In his proposal, the city's coat of arms – consisting at the time of a quartered shield (first and fourth quadrants: national arms; second and third quadrants: image of Our Lady holding baby Jesus and flanked by two towers holding above a banner with the Latin words "Civitas Virginis") surrounded by the collar of the Order of the Tower and Sword and topped by a crown supporting a green dragon with a red banner inscribed with "Invicta" (Undefeated [city]) – was added on top of the old crest, pushing the white letters down.

In 1906, the club's first official team wore kits with a variety of colors and patterns, which included white shirts with red collars or vertical blue stripes, and even red shirts. This indefinition in the equipment was only solved in 1909, when through the initiative of Monteiro da Costa, Porto stipulated in its first statutes that the players had to use "a shirt with blue vertical stripes, black shorts, and personal footwear" as the club's uniform, at every training and match.  Some argued that the kit should have included the city colours, green and white. Monteiro da Costa, however, defended the blue-and-white combination because he believed the colors "should be those of the country's flag, and not of the city's flag", hoping that the club would "not only defend the good name of the city, but also that of Portugal, in sporting feuds against foreigners."

In 1975, Adidas became the first sports apparel manufacturers to provide kits for the club. Eight years later, Porto became the first Portuguese team to have a shirt sponsor, after signing a deal with Revigrés worth 10 million escudos per year. This deal lasted for 20 years, with successive renovations, after which the national communications corporation Portugal Telecom (PT) became the new shirt sponsors. Still, Revigrés remain as one of the club's main and longest-serving collaborators.

Home stadiums

The club's first ground was the Campo da Rainha (Queen's Field), inaugurated in 1906 with an exhibition game against Boavista. The site was located near the residence of Monteiro da Costa and was the property of the city's horticultural society. Aided by his father, a horticultor by profession, Monteiro da Costa rented a portion (30 by 50 meters) of uncultivated terrain to create the first dedicated football pitch in the country. Later that year, the society's vivaria were transferred to another location, allowing Porto to increase the pitch area to match the sport's official dimensions. The ground had capacity for 600 people, including a VIP tribune, and possessed a changing room equipped with showers and sinks, a bar and a gym. The first match between Porto and a foreign team took place at the Campo da Raínha, on 15 December 1907, when the hosts played Spanish side Real Fortuna.

By 1911, the Campo da Raínha was becoming too small for the rapidly growing attendances. After being notified about the sale of the ground for construction of a factory, the club searched for a new ground and rented a terrain near the Constituição street for an annual fee of 350$00. The Campo da Constituição (Constitution Field) was opened in January 1913 with a match against Oporto Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club and hosted Porto's home matches for the regional championship. Eventually, the larger capacity of this ground also became insufficient for the ever-increasing crowds attending the games, particularly against high-profile opponents. On several occasions, between the 1920s and 1940s, Porto played host to matches at the Campo do Ameal (Ameal Field) or the Estádio do Lima (Lima Stadium), home of local rivals Sport Progresso and Académico, respectively. It was in the latter ground that the club achieved their most important victory at the time, as they beat English champions Arsenal 3–2 in a friendly match on 7 May 1948.

In 1933, Porto approved a plan to build a new stadium to accommodate and meet the demands of larger attendances, but the project only moved forward with the purchase of  of land in the eastern side of the city in 1947. Designed by Portuguese architects Oldemiro Carneiro and Aires de Sá, the construction of the Estádio do Futebol Clube do Porto – better known as Estádio das Antas (Antas Stadium) for the neighbourhood where it was built – began in January 1950, one month after the first stone was symbolically laid. Two years later, on 28 May 1952, the stadium was inaugurated with a ceremony, featuring the presence of the President of the Republic Francisco Craveiro Lopes, and a match against Benfica, which Porto lost 2–8. The stadium's initial layout had an open east sector (Marathon Door), which was closed in 1976 with the construction of a two-tier stand that raised the capacity to 70,000. In 1986, works to lower the pitch and build an additional tier in the place of the athletics and cycling track were concluded, setting the capacity to a new maximum of 95,000. As stadium safety regulations became stricter during the following decade, the placing of individual seats brought the capacity of the Estádio das Antas down to 55,000 by 1997.

The awarding of the UEFA Euro 2004 hosting rights to Portugal in 1999 was the perfect opportunity for Porto to move into a more modern, functional and comfortable stadium, in line with the demands of high-level international football. The club decided to build an entirely new ground and chose a site located a few hundreds of meters southeast of the Estádio das Antas. The project was commissioned to Portuguese architect Manuel Salgado, and construction took two years to complete at a cost of €98 million. Baptised Estádio do Dragão (Dragon Stadium) by president Pinto da Costa, for the mythological creature placed atop the club's crest, it was officially inaugurated on 16 November 2003 with a match against Barcelona. Porto won 2–0 in front of a record 52,000 spectators, which also witnessed the professional debut of Lionel Messi. In June 2004, the venue hosted the opening ceremony and match of the UEFA Euro 2004, and four other tournament matches. The highest attendance in an official match was registered on 21 April 2004, when 50,818 people saw Porto draw Deportivo La Coruña without goals, for the first leg of the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League semi-finals. For safety reasons, its current capacity is limited to 50,431.

Museum

On 28 September 2013 The FC Porto Museum was inaugurated, on occasion of the club's 120th anniversary. The museum includes an auditorium, a club store, a coffeehouse, and spaces for educational services and temporary exhibitions.

Rivalries

Porto's biggest rivalries are with the other Big Three members and regular league title contenders, Benfica and Sporting CP. They stem from the historical, political, economical and cultural clash between the cities of Porto and Lisbon, where the other two clubs are based. These rivalries became more intense in the past decades, particularly since Pinto da Costa assumed Porto's presidency in 1982 and adopted a regionalistic and confrontational speech towards Lisbon. In the following years, the club began establishing its dominance in Portuguese football, at the expense of Benfica and Sporting, who had been the traditional powers since the 1940s.

To Porto, the rivalry with Benfica is the strongest and most passionate, and it opposes the most representative football emblems from each city as well as the current most titled Portuguese clubs. The first match between Porto and Benfica – traditionally referred to as O Clássico (The Classic) – took place on 28 April 1912, and ended with a 2–8 win for Benfica; Porto's first victory (3–2) came only in 1920. As of the end of the 2014–15 season, the clubs have faced each other in 232 competitive matches, which have resulted in 89 wins for Porto, 86 for Benfica and 57 draws.

The first meeting between Porto and Sporting CP occurred on 30 November 1919, during a friendly tournament organised by Porto. Their first official encounter was in the first leg of the final of the inaugural Campeonato de Portugal in 1922, which Porto won 2–1 en route to its first national title. Since then, the clubs have met in 221 official matches, with 80 wins for Porto, 78 for Sporting CP and 63 draws. Despite the rivalry, both clubs formed an alliance against Benfica in 2017.

The club also has a strong rivalry with city rivals Boavista, sometimes called O Dérbi da Invicta.

Records and statistics

Former defender João Pinto holds the record for most matches played in all competitions (587) and in the Primeira Liga (408), while former goalkeeper Vítor Baía has the most appearances in international competitions (99). Baía is also the most titled player, having won 25 trophies during his career in Porto. Portuguese striker Fernando Gomes is the all-time club goalscorer in all competitions (352), having also scored the most league goals (288). In European competitions, Porto's record goalscorer is Radamel Falcao, with 22 goals.

José Maria Pedroto is the longest-serving coach, having taken charge of the team for 327 matches in nine seasons, while Jesualdo Ferreira became the first Portuguese coach to win three consecutive league titles (2006–2009). André Villas-Boas's victorious campaign in the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League made him the youngest coach ever to win a European competition.

The 2010–11 season was particularly strong in record achievements. Porto played the most matches (58) and secured the most wins (49) and highest winning percentage (84.4%). For the league, it had the most consecutive wins (16) and suffered the fewest defeats (none). In Europe, the club won the most matches (14 in 17) and scored the most goals (44) en route to the UEFA Europa League title – one of a record-matching four.

In April 2022, Porto set a national record of 58 matches without defeats in the Primeira Liga after losing 1–0 to Braga for the first time since the end of October 2020. The team also matched the same unbeaten league run (58) as AC Milan and Olympiacos achieved in their respective domestic leagues.

Recent seasons

Below are listed the club's performances in the past ten seasons:

UEFA club coefficient ranking

Honours

As of 2023, Porto have 84 major trophies in senior football. Domestically, they have won 30 Portuguese league titles, 19 Taça de Portugal, 1 Taça da Liga, 4 Campeonato de Portugal (a record shared with Sporting CP), and a record 23 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira. Porto is the most decorated Portuguese team in international competitions, having won two European Cup/UEFA Champions League, two UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Super Cup and two Intercontinental Cup trophies. In addition, it is the only Portuguese team to have won either the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Super Cup or the Intercontinental Cup.

Porto have achieved four titles in a single season on two occasions: in 1987–88 (UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup, Primeira Liga and Taça de Portugal) and in 2010–11 (Supertaça, Primeira Liga, UEFA Europa League and Taça de Portugal). The latter also included the club's second continental treble, after the one achieved in 2002–03 (Primeira Liga, Taça de Portugal and UEFA Cup). The club also reached the Cup Winners' Cup final in 1983–84 (losing to Juventus) and made three more appearances in the UEFA Super Cup (2003, 2004 and 2011).

Domestic
Primeira Liga
Winners (30): 1934–35, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1955–56, 1958–59, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2017–18, 2019–20, 2021–22

Taça de Portugal
Winners (19): 1955–56, 1957–58, 1967–68, 1976–77, 1983–84, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2019–20, 2021–22, 2022–23

Taça da Liga
Winners (1): 2022–23

Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira
Winners (23) – record: 1981, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2018, 2020, 2022

Campeonato de Portugal
Winners (4) – shared record: 1921–22, 1924–25, 1931–32, 1936–37

European
European Cup / UEFA Champions League
Winners (2): 1986–87, 2003–04

UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League
Winners (2): 2002–03, 2010–11

UEFA Super Cup
Winners (1): 1987

International
Intercontinental Cup
Winners (2): 1987, 2004

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Personnel

Technical staff

{| class=wikitable
|-
!Position
!Staff
|-
| Head coach ||  Sérgio Conceição
|-
| rowspan=2| Assistant coaches ||  Vítor Bruno
|-
|  Siramana Dembélé
|-
| rowspan=2| Goalkeeper coaches ||  Diamantino Figueiredo
|-
|  Vedran Runje
|-
| Exercise Physiologist  ||  Eduardo Oliveira
|-
| Fitness Coach  ||  Telmo Sousa
|-

Management

{| class=wikitable
|-
!Position
!Staff
|-
|President
|Jorge Nuno Pinto da Costa
|-
|Vice-presidents
|Adelino CaldeiraAlípio FernandesFernando GomesJosé Américo AmorimPaulo MendesVítor Baía
|-
|Section Deputy Directors
|João Baldaia (roller hockey)Júlio Matos (basketball)Manuel Arezes (handball)Elias Barros (cycling)Mário Cereja (swimming)José Carlos Alves (boxing)Manuela Pinto (billiards)
|-
|Chairman of General Meeting Board
|Lourenço Pinto
|-

Organisation
After going public in 1997, Porto created several satellite companies:
 FC Porto – youth football, basketball, handball, roller hockey, athletics, club's magazine, etc.
 FC Porto – Futebol SAD (professional football company); SAD stands for Sociedade Anónima Desportiva
 Porto Estádio (stadium management)
 Porto Multimédia (official site and multimedia products)
 Porto Comercial (merchandising)
 Porto Seguro (insurance)

The FCPorto SAD is listed in the Euronext Lisbon stock exchange.

Media

Porto Canal is a television channel owned and operated by Porto, which broadcasts generalist, regional, and club-related content through cable, satellite and IPTV. The channel's programming includes live transmission of the home matches of the reserve and youth football teams, as well as of the senior basketball, handball and roller hockey teams. Founded in 2006, the channel began a managing partnership with Porto in 2011, and on 17 July 2015 was fully purchased and integrated into the club.

The club also issues Dragões, an official monthly magazine that publishes articles and interviews of the teams, players and other club-related content and a daily newsletter called Dragões Diário.

Other sports

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

External links

 Club page at Primeira Liga
 Club page at UEFA

Football clubs in Porto
Football clubs in Portugal
Companies listed on Euronext Lisbon
Publicly traded sports companies
Association football clubs established in 1893
G-14 clubs
1893 establishments in Portugal
Unrelegated association football clubs
Taça de Portugal winners
Primeira Liga clubs
UEFA Champions League winning clubs
UEFA Europa League winning clubs
UEFA Super Cup winning clubs
UEFA Cup winning clubs
P

FC Porto


Anabisetia ( ) is a genus of  ornithopod dinosaur from  the Late Cretaceous Period of Patagonia, South America. It was a small bipedal herbivore, around  long.

Discovery
Argentine paleontologists Rodolfo Coria and Jorge Orlando Calvo named Anabisetia in 2002. The generic name honors the late Ana Maria Biset, an influential archeologist from Neuquén Province in Argentina, where the remains of this animal were found. The one named species is called A. saldiviai, after Roberto Saldivia Blanco, a local farmer who had discovered the fossils in 1985 and brought them to the attention of science in 1993. The finds had already been reported in the scientific literature in 1996.

There are four specimens known, all listed in the original 2002 description. The holotype, MCF-PVPH 74, is the most complete of the four. It consists of fragmentary skull material, including a partial braincase and both dentary (lower jaw) bones, as well as a complete forelimb from shoulder to hand, a complete hindlimb and foot, and representative vertebrae from all sections of the spinal column. The other three specimens are less complete, but include elements not seen in the holotype, including more vertebrae, a complete pelvis and a nearly complete, articulated tail. Two specimens are the paratypes, MCF-PVPH-75 and MCF-PVPH-76. The fourth, MCF-PVPH-77, is referred to the species. When all four specimens are considered, the skeleton is more or less completely known except for the skull. These specimens are housed at the Museo Carmen Funes in Plaza Huincul, Argentina.

All four specimens were discovered at a locality called Cerro Bayo Mesa, thirty kilometers south of Plaza Huincul in the Neuquén province of Argentina. This locality is part of the Cerro Lisandro Formation, which is a geologic formation within the Rio Limay subgroup of the Neuquén Group. The sediments in this formation preserve a swamp which existed from the late Cenomanian through early Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous Period, or about 95 to 92 million years ago.

Description
Anabisetia was a small bipedal herbivore. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated its length at two meters, its weight at twenty kilograms. The describers established several unique traits of the species. At the back of the head, the connection with the neck, the occipital condyle, pointed rather downwards. The shoulder blade had an extension on its upper lower rim, the acromial process, that relatively was the largest ever found in the Euornithopoda. In the hand the fifth metatarsal was flattened with straight edges, instead of rounded in cross-section. In the pelvis, the ilium had a front blade that accounted for more than half of the total ilium length and extended in front of the prepubis. The ischium had a shaft that in the upper part was triangular in cross-section and in the lower part quadrangular. In the ankle the fibula touched the astragalus.

Classification
This dinosaur is thought to be closely related to another Patagonian ornithopod, Gasparinisaura, although the lack of skull material makes it difficult to place with precision. When originally described, Gasparinisaura and Anabisetia were thought to be basal iguanodontians, more derived than Tenontosaurus and members of the clade Euiguanodontia, and seen as endemic remnants of an early dispersion of basal iguanodontians on Pangea. Relatively recent cladistic analyses performed by Coria and others indicated that Gasparinisaura lies just  outside of Iguanodontia, closer to North American ornithopods like Thescelosaurus and Parksosaurus. Anabisetia may fall in a similar position. However, in 2015, both taxa were found to be part of the clade Elasmaria along with other Antarctic and Patagonian ornithopods.

Cladogram based in the phylogenetic analysis of Rozadilla et al., 2015:

References

Ornithopods of South America
Cenomanian genus first appearances
Turonian genus extinctions
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous Argentina
Fossils of Argentina
Neuquén Basin
Fossil taxa described in 2002
Taxa named by Rodolfo Coria
Taxa named by Jorge O. Calvo
Ornithischian genera
Late Cretaceous ornithopods

Anabisetia


The Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway was a Lehigh Valley Railroad company organized in 1891 through the consolidation of the companies that formed the Lehigh Valley's route from South Plainfield through Newark to Jersey City via its bridge across Newark Bay. Until 1895, when the Greenville and Hudson Railway was constructed, the Lehigh Valley depended on the National Docks Railway to reach the Hudson River terminal.

In 1903, all the Lehigh Valley's lines in New Jersey were consolidated under the name of Lehigh Valley Railroad Company of New Jersey.

Timeline of the Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway

 1871 - The Lehigh Valley leases the Morris Canal, which includes the canal basin at South Cove in Jersey City.
 1872 - The Lehigh Valley acquires land on the south side of the Morris Canal basin, intending it for a proposed railroad, the New Jersey West Line, which was never built.
 1875 - The Easton and Amboy Railroad opens for traffic.  Passenger traffic is routed onto the Pennsylvania Railroad at Metuchen.
 1887 - The Roselle and South Plainfield Railway opens on Dec 17. Freight traffic connects to the  Central Railroad of New Jersey at Roselle.
 1887 - The Lehigh Valley settles a long legal battle with the Central Railroad of New Jersey, opening the way to build a Jersey City terminal on the land originally purchased in 1872 for the New Jersey West Line.
 1889 - The Jersey City terminal opens as the Jersey City Terminal Railway.
 1890 - The Edgewater Railway is formed to construct lines on the north side of the Morris Canal basin.
 1890 - The Newark and Passaic Railway builds a freight yard and coal depot at Hamburg Place, Newark.
 1890 - The LVRR purchases a half interest in the National Docks Railway.
 1891 - The Newark and Roselle Railway and the Newark Railway open to connect with the PRR in Newark.  On February 16, passenger traffic through Metuchen is discontinued in favor of the LVRR's own line at South Plainfield.
 1891 - The companies are consolidated as the Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway Company. The route to Jersey City is still incomplete due to legal and engineering difficulties with the Jersey City, Newark and Western Railway bridge across Newark Bay.  The consolidated companies are:
 Roselle and South Plainfield Railway
 Newark and Roselle Railway
 Newark and Passaic Railway
 Newark Railway
 Jersey City, Newark and Western Railway
 Jersey City Terminal Railway
 Edgewater Railway
 1892 - The route opens for traffic across Newark Bay to a connection with the National Docks Railway in Jersey City. (see:Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge
 1895 - The Lehigh Valley creates the Greenville and Hudson Railway to construct a line roughly parallel to the National Docks Railway from the Newark Bay bridge to the Jersey City terminal.  Upon completion in 1900, the LVRR has a wholly owned route from the coalfields of Pennsylvania to the Hudson River.
 1900 - The Lehigh Valley acquires complete control of the National Docks Railway.
 1901 - The Lehigh Valley acquires the facilities of the National Docks Storage Company on Black Tom Island.
 1903 - The Oak Island Yard is opened in Newark.
 1903 - The Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway is consolidated into the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company of New Jersey.

References

 Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company to the Stockholders.  Reports for fiscal years ending 1875, 1887, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892.
 Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations: New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission. 1920. p. 111, 116
 Lehigh Valley's Terminal, The New York Times, Jan 16, 1900

Predecessors of the Lehigh Valley Railroad
Defunct New Jersey railroads
Railway companies established in 1891
Railway companies disestablished in 1903

Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway


Xhevahir Spahiu (born 1 March 1945 in Malind, Skrapar District, Albania) is an Albanian poet.

Biography

Spahiu studied at the University of Tirana, Faculty of Philology and History, Literature-Language Branch. Since 1968, he has worked as a journalist for the newspaper Zëri i Popullit (Voice of the People), a magazine editor for Nëntori, and a librettist and teacher at the Opera and Ballet Theater in Tirana. He has received the "Migjen" Award and was the winner of the first prize in the competition for the 45th anniversary of the liberation of the homeland.

His work also includes children's books. Xhevahir Spahiu has even made lyricist for some songs, some of which have won awards. His poetry also was the recipient of several awards, like twice the price Migjeni awarded by the Union of Writers Albanians in 1987 and 1991 respectively for titles Neser aty jam (Tomorrow I am there) and Kohe e krisur (Radiant time). The palm of the National Floralies was attributed to the collection Heshtje s'ka (There's no silence) in 1989 and the collection Ferrparasja (Hell-Heaven) won the National Prize of Literature for the year 1994-1995 .

In 1973, appeared in a magazine the poem thrown (Live) which earned him the ire of the communist regime, Enver Hoxha would have seen in a few lines recall a sentence of Jean-Paul Sartre , author whose reading was outlawed by the regime . That earned him a publication ban for two years. The collection Zgjimi i thellësive (Awakening depths) was meanwhile released in 1979, then withdrawn from sale because, afterwards, it was deemed "unhealthy".

In 1993, after the fall of communism, he became secretary of the Union of Writers and he became president in 1998 .

Poems translated into French
Xhevahir Spahiu of the poems are presented in the following works along with those of other Albanian poets. All translations are the author Alexandre Zotos.

 Nine Albanian poets today, Poetry 93, 46, Seghers editions, 1993
 Poets and prose writers from Albania, The Main Monkey No. 17 editions Comp'Act, 1998
 Anthology of Albanian poetry, Alexandre Zotos, The Polygraph, Comp'Act editions, 1998
 The Foreign Belles . 13 writers from Albania, Ministry of Culture and Communication, National Book Centre, 1998
 Open window ... and then. Twelve Albanian and French poets, the Inventory, coll. "Other Places", Regional Center of Arts of Basse-Normandie, 2002.

Titles of works

 Siren's Morning (1970)
 You Beloved City (1973)
 Death of the Gods (1977)
 Doors and Open Hearts (1978)
 Contemporaries (1980)
 Albanian Dawns (1981)
 Mamica's Lilies (1981)
 Young Guitarists (1983)
 Tomorrow I Am There (1987)
 No Silence (1989)
 Toys's Sun (1990)
 Albanian Poetry (1990)
 Potty Time (1991)
 Way (2005)

References

1945 births
Living people
20th-century Albanian poets
People from Skrapar
21st-century Albanian poets
Albanian schoolteachers
Albanian librettists
University of Tirana alumni
Albanian male poets
Albanian-language poets
Albanian journalists
20th-century male writers
21st-century male writers

Xhevahir Spahiu


The Pacific Islands are islands that are in the Pacific Ocean. There are about 20,000 or 30,000 of them. These islands are sometimes called Oceania. The Pacific Islands are in three groups. These groups are Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. People who live on these islands are called Pacific Islanders. These islands can be made by volcanoes or made on coral reefs. The islands made by volcanoes are bigger, and more people can live on them. The islands made on coral reefs are smaller, and fewer people can live on them. One of Oceania's biggest economic advantages are tourism. As many vacationers come to see the wildlife and the beautiful beaches that span the islands. Major countries and territories include the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Hawaii (United States), Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Tonga.

Island nations in the western Pacific Ocean, such as Brunei, East Timor, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, and most of Indonesia are not considered parts of the Pacific Islands since they do not lie in any of the three Oceanic regions. People inhabiting those islands, therefore are not Pacific Islanders.

Pacific Islands


Wayland is an unincorporated community in western Paris Township, Portage County, Ohio, United States.  It is located at latitude 41.161 and longitude -81.071, with an elevation of 948 feet.  It has a post office with the ZIP code 44285. The community is part of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area.

For a period of time in the nineteenth century, when it was a stop on the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal, Wayland was called "Cyclone."  However, the name was changed, as it reminded people of a tornado.   The community is nicknamed Cyclone, Newport and Parisville.

Draft beer.

References

Unincorporated communities in Portage County, Ohio
Unincorporated communities in Ohio

Wayland, Ohio


VJ Search is the title of a reality television program aired on Canadian music video TV station MuchMusic. Focused on finding a new MuchMusic VJ to join the existing MuchMusic on-air personalities, the original search was a weekend-long on-air live event in 1995, with the first season crafted as a reality series presented in 2006, followed by a season series in 2009 and 2013. By 2014, MuchMusic had reduced its music content significantly, cancelling all VJ hosted programming and dropping "Music" from the station name, rebranding itself as Much. As such, 2013 was the last season of VJ Search.

MuchMusic VJ Search 2006
2006 marked the first year that the VJ Search embarked on a reality series format, consisting
of ten episodes over a ten-week period. The show was extended 10 episodes. In previous years, the search for a new VJ took place over a 2-day period, broadcast live on MuchMusic beginning Saturday afternoon and completing on Sunday evening, when a new VJ was crowned. Previous winners include Diego Fuentes (1995), Bradford How (2000) and Devon Soltendieck (2004).

The program documents a team called the VJ Search Team made up of VJs (Matte Babel, Leah Miller, Devon Soltendieck and Sarah Taylor). The team goes on a cross-Canada tour - the VJ Search Team visits 23 cities and make 32 stops from coast to coast - where VJ applicants demonstrate their talent in front of a camera and assembled crowd in shopping malls, university and college campuses.

After decision making by judges, 10 applicants were chosen to participate in the show, filmed in a luxury penthouse in Toronto. Throughout the duration of the program, a process of elimination singles out applicants by their talent. By the end of the 10 episodes, only one person became a MuchMusic VJ.  The winner of the 2006 series was Tim Deegan.

VJ Search is hosted by Dina Pugliese.

Much VJ Search 2006 Expert Panel
Steve Anthony
Robin Black
Traci Melchor
Kardinal Offishall

Much VJ Search 2006 Castoffs
 February 13 - Norm Alconcel
 February 20 - Nathalie Morgan
 February 27 - Larissa Tobacco
 March 6 - Rebecca Stacey
 March 13 - Franklin Nwankwo
 March 20 - Casey-Jo Loos and Tim Deegan
 March 27 - Nobody is taken off the air in this episode, though it is announced that one of 6 previous VJ hopefuls will be returning as a wildcard contestant.
 April 3 - Tim Deegan returned to the show as the wildcard.
 April 10 - Erik Bartik is first voted off, followed by Nikki Mah and last Sean Gehon with Tim Deegan winning the final.

Much VJ Search 2006 Standings
10th: Norm
09th: Nathalie
08th: Larissa
07th: Rebecca
06th: Frank
05th: Casey-Jo
04th: Erik
03rd: Nikki
02nd: Sean
01st: Tim

2006 Much VJ Search Episode Recaps
 January 30 - Episode 1: Auditions; 20 semi-finalists revealed. Also clips of advice and insight from former MuchMusic VJs.
 February 6 - Episode 2: 20 semi-finalists are flown to Toronto and kept inside the Gladstone Hotel. Each person had to randomly pick either Yellowcard or Our Lady Peace to interview, but they were only allowed to ask them one question. In the elimination, the judges narrowed 20 down to 10.
 February 13 - Episode 3: Remaining 10 move into the penthouse in The Suites at 1 King West and are given the challenge of co-hosting MuchOnDemand. They then have a press party in their penthouse. Norm Aloconcel is voted off for acting like this was 'The Big Norm' show. The full introduction to theme song with all 10 finalists.
 February 20 - Episode 4: 9 finalists are put into 3 groups and are assigned to make a short video for Star! Daily about the upcoming Academy Awards. Nathalie Morgan is voted off because she did not appear on camera in her group's production, though some viewers believe that they did not pick either Erik or Frank to be voted off because they would add to the penthouse drama, therefore giving the show higher ratings. Introduction to the 'Loser Loft', where all cast-offs are sent and are given the opportunity to choose who they want to go off after watching the challenges themselves. However, the remaining finalists are unaware of this factor in the series.
 February 27 - Episode 5: The 8 left have the challenge of practicing their live on-air throws and then get a make-over. Larissa Tobacco is voted off for having terrible throws and not having performed well on any of the other challenges.
 March 6 - Episode 6: The remaining seven are flown off to Edmonton to cover the first anniversary concert of 91.7 the Bounce and provide a story. They were split into two groups: 4 guys against 3 girls. The girls got 1 less member because Rebecca Stacey had the hometown advantage. However, she was voted off for failing as a group leader.
 March 13 - Episode 7: It's down to six and they are flown, once again, to Edmonton to design a promotional shirt for the band Theory of a Deadman. They were split into two teams (Nikki, Erik, and Tim against Frank, Sean and Casey-Jo) and the band chose the design of a white T-shirt made by Nikki, Erik and Tim since it was more concert-friendly. They then had the challenge of selling the winning T-shirt to as many fans at an Edmonton concert as possible, and since Erik managed to sell the most T-shirts in the shortest amount of time he was given the opportunity to interview and introduce the band. Frank Nwankwo is then voted off, mostly because of his attitude, and because other contestants saw him drinking on the job.
 March 20 - Episode 8: The final five are flown to L.A. to do an interview with Covergirl spokesperson, supermodel, and actress Molly Sims. Casey-Jo Loos and Tim Deegan performed the weakest in their interview with the supermodel, and are both taken off the air. It is announced to the viewers at the end of this episode they will be choosing one of the seven people from The Loser Loft that would be given the opportunity to return.
 March 27 - Episode 9: It's down to three, and they are given the challenge to choose the concept for the music video for the show's theme song, What Would You Do? by Lindsay Robins, in which Nikki's idea is picked. They must each then conduct an on-set interview with a person that was working on the shoot. No one is eliminated in this episode, but it is announced to the remaining finalists that someone from the Loser Loft will be coming back.
 April 3 - Episode 10: The first-part of the finale in which the wildcard winner is announced (Tim). Most people think that the fact he looks good/took off his shirt a couple times is one of the few reasons of voting Tim back on. All four finalists are interviewed by Dina and asked a question from a random member in the audience, and then some of their highlights from the show are shown for each finalist. Then, they put all four together in their last challenge: to test their music-knowledge to its full extent. Erik takes an early lead, but Sean surpasses him and goes on to win the competition with 100 points thanks to the question about Cher and all of the image-related questions while Nikki only managed to score 10 points. Fans then find out that they now have the chance to vote for who they feel should be the winner: Erik Bartik, Nicole Mah, Tim Deegan or Sean Gehon.
 April 10 - Finale: The remaining four finalists, Expert Panel, and all five remaining Lost Lofters arrive at Much HQ to a live studio audience once more for the grand finale. First, we look at how the campaign for each of the remaining four finalists turned out in each of their home cities. Then, we see how the judges have acted throughout the show, and after the Losers give their choice as to who will win, all polls stop and Norm Alconcel performs his smash hit 'I'm Not a Loser' live, eliminations began. Erik was sent packing, followed by Nikki, then Sean, thus crowning Tim Deegan as Muchmusic's next VJ.

Much Music VJ 2.0 2009

VJ 2.0 was the series in 2009 to pick a new VJ for the station. After hundreds of application, 16 were chosen for the show. The series ran in October and November 2009 and sponsored by Doritos.

The Top 18. were:
Nadine Sykora – Vancouver, BC
Caity Babcock – Maple Ridge, BC
Elma Mehmedbegovic – Edmonton, AB
Kelly Peter – London, ON
Liz Trinnear – London, ON
Julian Koehler – Kitchener, ON
Jessy Pesce – Keswick, ON
Ashley Stennett – Hamilton, ON
Andrew Bravener – Oakville, ON
Lyric James – Mississauga, ON
Marlon Palmer – Toronto, ON
Tasia Kemp-Jackson – Toronto, ON
Laith Hakeem – Richmond Hill, ON
Asal Hazel - Richmond Hill, ON
Cody Dobie – Ottawa, ON
Christina Meng – Montreal, QC
Alli Walker – Summerside, PEI
Brodie Chaisson - Bathurst, NB

Hakeem, Palmer, Trinnear and Walker made to the Final Four and the series 2.0 was won by Liz Trinnear who was signed as a VJ for the station.

Much VJ Search 2013
The Much VJ Search reality show returned on April 1, 2013. 20 VJ hopefuls started in Vancouver and travelled across Canada on the Much Bus with eliminations happening in each stop.
Vancouver (Kelsey Spencer and Myron Mayne were both eliminated)
Banff (Brandon Elbaz was eliminated)
Calgary (Desiree Mark was eliminated)
Regina (Brian Arcand was eliminated)
Winnipeg (Justine Williamson was eliminated)
Thunder Bay (Tyson Geick was eliminated, but came back for the vote back)
Ottawa (Junior Mbeng was eliminated)
Toronto (Jasmin Shim and Lauren West were both eliminated)

Once the bus arrived in Toronto, the Top 10 moved into "Camp Much" living in the MuchMusic environment for two weeks. The Top 10 were:

Boe Vyntage - Toronto, ON
Nash Elliot - Toronto, ON
Kyle Whitehead (Selk) - Red Deer, AB
Alexandria MacFarlane - Vancouver, BC
Kevy Oh - Toronto, ON
Madison Pinder - Calgary, AB
Joshua Tubbs - Toronto, ON
Tyson Geick - Newmarket, ON (Voted back)
Ryan Pownall - Ottawa, ON
Drama Diabolos - Toronto, ON
Chloe Wilde - Montreal, QC

The finale was on April 26 and the final three hopefuls were Ryan Pownall, Chloe Wilde and Drama Diabolos.

The winner was Chloe Wilde from Montreal, Quebec.

References

External links
VJ Search 2013
VJ Search Preliminary Blog Page
VJ Search Contestant & Expert Panel Blogs
VJ Search Homepage
VJ Search Podcast

Much (TV channel) original programming
2000s Canadian reality television series
2010s Canadian reality television series
Citytv original programming
Gemini and Canadian Screen Award for Best Reality Series winners

VJ Search