Stewart Montagu Cleeve (20 October 1894 – 5 January 1993) was a professional soldier who later in life was an enthusiastic music teacher who assisted in the revival of the viola d'amore.

Born in Southsea in Hampshire, he went to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and commissioned into the Royal Artillery. During the First World War, he became involved in super heavy artillery (see BL 14 inch Railway Gun) and was reputedly recalled to Dover in the Second World War on Churchill's instructions to help reassemble the same guns when they were deployed for coastal defence.

After 1946, when he had retired from the army, he dedicated himself to music; especially the violin which he taught enthusiastically to many generations of London schoolboys.

In later life, Cleeve helped with the revival of the viola d'amore and he formed, with others, the Viola d'Amore Society with the composer Frank Merrick as their first president (Ian White took over the Society in 1991).

In 1967, Cleeve attended a class run by Maurice Bouette and made his first reproduction. He made several improvements to increase the volume and assist tuning to meet the demands of modern music, increasing the strings to 18. Through the Viola d'Amore Society he gave concerts, commissioned works from contemporary composers and edited some 400 himself.

References

External links
 Imperial War Museum Interview

1894 births
1993 deaths
English musical instrument makers
People from Southsea
20th-century English businesspeople
Military personnel from Portsmouth
Royal Artillery officers
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich

Montagu Cleeve


Joshua Ilan Gad (born February 23, 1981) is an American actor, comedian and singer. He is known for voicing Olaf in the Frozen franchise, playing Elder Arnold Cunningham in the Broadway musical The Book of Mormon, and playing Le Fou in the live-action adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast. For his role as Olaf, Gad won two Annie Awards, and for his work in The Book of Mormon, he co-won a Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and received a Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical, both shared with Andrew Rannells as one of the two leading artists.

Gad played Skip Gilchrist in the political sitcom 1600 Penn on NBC, and a fictionalized version of himself on FX's The Comedians, alongside Billy Crystal. His other film roles include The Rocker, The Internship, 21, Love & Other Drugs, Jobs, Pixels, The Wedding Ringer, The Angry Birds Movie and its sequel, A Dog's Purpose and its sequel A Dog's Journey, Marshall, Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express, Little Monsters and Ghostbusters: Afterlife. He has also appeared in ER, The Daily Show, Modern Family, New Girl, Bored to Death, and Numb3rs. From 2020 to 2022, he starred in the HBO comedy series Avenue 5.

Early life
Joshua Ilan Gad was born in Hollywood, Florida, on February 23, 1981. His mother, Susan, is a real estate agent and his stepfather is an investment advisor, and he has two older brothers Jason Gad and Jeff Gad, a stepbrother and a stepsister. His father, Sam (Shmuel) Gad was born to a Jewish family in Afghanistan and moved to Israel as a teenager. Gad believes his father is a descendant of the Tribe of Gad, one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, further stating that his paternal ancestors traveled through India before settling in Afghanistan. His mother was born in Germany to an Ashkenazi Jewish family of Holocaust survivors. He was raised Jewish.

Gad attended the University School of Nova Southeastern University, graduating in 1999. While there, he won the National Forensics League (NFL) National Tournament Championships for Original Oratory in 1998 and 1999. He also won the 1999 Humorous Interpretation at the National tournament in Phoenix. He then attended the Carnegie Mellon College of Fine Arts, where he graduated in 2003 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama. He attended college with fellow Broadway stars Leslie Odom Jr. and Rory O'Malley, the latter of whom he based his portrayal of Olaf in Frozen on. During this time, he undertook a semester-long exchange at the National Institute of Dramatic Art.

Career

2002–2008: Early career
Gad made his film debut in the 2002 film Mary and Joe. In 2005, Gad made his television debut by guest-starring in an episode of the NBC medical drama series ER. The same year, he replaced Dan Fogler as William Barfée in The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee on Broadway after Fogler left the show. Gad went on to star in the Fox sitcom Back to You as news director Ryan Church. The sitcom lasted one season from 2007 to 2008. In 2008, Gad had a supporting role in the drama film 21, and a leading role in the comedy film The Rocker.

2008–2012: The Book of Mormon and minor success on television
After Back to You, Gad appeared as a correspondent on The Daily Show on May 5, 2009, and became a regular correspondent on June 2, 2009. His signature segments include "The War on Christmas", in which he played an oversexed Benjamin Franklin, and "Chubby Chasers", in which he reported on Michelle Obama's efforts to curb childhood obesity. Gad made his final appearance as a correspondent on June 27, 2011. Also in 2009, Gad starred in the short-form Crackle horror comedy series Woke Up Dead.

In 2010, he had a supporting role in the romantic comedy-drama film Love & Other Drugs opposite Jake Gyllenhaal and Anne Hathaway. That same year, Gad had a voice role in the family comedy film Marmaduke. In 2011, Gad voiced Mondo in the MTV adult animated sitcom Good Vibes. That same year, Gad portrayed Elder Cunningham in the Broadway musical The Book of Mormon. The show opened at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre on March 24, 2011. His last performance was June 6, 2012. Gad was nominated for the 2011 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical and won for Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album, along with his co-star Andrew Rannells.

In 2012, Gad had a leading role in the independent film She Wants Me. Also in 2012, Gad co-created, produced and starred in the NBC sitcom 1600 Penn. Both Good Vibes and 1600 Penn were canceled after one season. That same year, Gad voiced the molehog Louis in Ice Age: Continental Drift.

2013–2019: Frozen franchise and continued success
In 2013, he played Andrew in the film The Internship and starred as Steve Wozniak in the film Jobs. The same year, he voiced Olaf in the Disney film Frozen, re-collaborating with co-songwriter Robert Lopez from The Book of Mormon. In 2014, Gad co-starred in Zach Braff's film Wish I Was Here, playing the main character's brother.

In 2015, Gad starred alongside Kevin Hart and Kaley Cuoco in The Wedding Ringer and starred alongside Adam Sandler and Peter Dinklage in Pixels, a film about video game players who are recruited by the military to fight 1980s-era video game characters who have attacked the earth. That same year, Gad co-starred with Billy Crystal on the FX comedy series The Comedians, which premiered on April 9, 2015. The series was canceled after one season. In 2016, Gad voiced Chuck in The Angry Birds Movie, based on the game franchise of the same name.

In 2017, Gad voiced the dog Bailey in A Dog's Purpose, Also that year, he played LeFou in the live-action adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and co-starring with Emma Watson. Gad also starred in Reginald Hudlin's biographical drama Marshall, alongside Chadwick Boseman and Beauty and the Beast co-star Dan Stevens, and Gad played Hector MacQueen in a film adaptation of Agatha Christie's detective novel Murder on the Orient Express, directed by and starring Kenneth Branagh, alongside Johnny Depp, Michelle Pfeiffer, Judi Dench, and Daisy Ridley.

In 2019, Gad starred with Lupita Nyong'o and Alexander England in the Hulu horror-comedy Little Monsters. He also starred in A Dog's Journey, the sequel to A Dog's Purpose, reprising his role as Bailey. Also in 2019, Gad reprised his role of Olaf in the sequel Frozen II as well as the video game Kingdom Hearts III.

2020–present: Expanding ventures
In 2020, Gad returned to television by starring in two different television series. First, Gad starred in the HBO science fiction comedy series Avenue 5 opposite Hugh Laurie. The series premiered on January 19 and was renewed for a second season a month later. Second, Gad created, produced and starred in the Apple TV+ animated musical comedy series Central Park. The series received a two-season order from Apple with each season set to consist of thirteen episodes each. The series premiered on May 29.

He starred in the science fantasy adventure Artemis Fowl (2020), based on the book of the same name by Eoin Colfer. The film was initially set for a theatrical release but was changed to a streaming release on Disney+ due to the coronavirus pandemic. In September 2020 Gad joined Princess Bride Reunion, a virtual live script read-through of the 1987 movie, in the role of Fezzik, originally played by André the Giant. The A.V. Club review singled out his performance as "Josh Gad's surprisingly moving Andre the Giant tribute... It was an impression in the gentlest, sweetest sense of the word, something remarked on repeatedly by the rest of the cast and host/moderator Patton Oswalt. 10s across the board."

During the COVID-19 pandemic, where people were encouraged to practice social distancing, Gad launched the YouTube series Reunited Apart, which reunites the cast, via video conferencing, of several popular movies and movie series including Back to The Future and Lord of the Rings. The series encourages its viewers to support non-profit charities such as Dig Deep, Project Hope and No Kid Hungry. In June, Gad announced that the episode on Ferris Bueller's Day Off would be the last, though the series later returned for a second season, which premiered in December 2020 with the cast of Wayne's World.

In the runup to the 2020 election, Gad joined other Broadway celebrities with the voter education nonprofit VoteRiders for a virtual party to raise awareness around the complexities of voter ID laws targeting at-risk voters.

Gad is set to serve as co-creator, co-writer, and executive-producer for a Beauty and the Beast prequel limited series for Disney+, in which he will also reprise his role as LeFou as a series regular. Gad was also announced to star as Nick Szalinski in the upcoming film Shrunk, a legacy-sequel to Honey, I Shrunk the Kids.

In January 2019, it was announced Gad was set to produce the live-action remake of Disney's 1996 film The Hunchback of Notre Dame. It was later rumored Gad was considered to play the lead role of Quasimodo; however in 2023, the plans for the live action film was cancelled. Gad was a guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional Dec 10–12, 2022.

Personal life
In 2004, Gad met actress Ida Darvish after the two were cast to play a married couple in the David Ives play All in the Timing. They married in 2008. Gad has stated that while he loves the traditional aspects of Judaism and celebrates some traditions of his wife's Catholicism, he considers himself spiritual but not religious. They have two daughters, Ava Gad, born in 2011, and Isabella Gad, born in 2014. Gad has publicly talked about his struggle with Generalized Anxiety Disorder, as part of his effort to combat mental health stigma and shame. As an effort towards squashing the mental health stigma, Gad joined other celebrities in 2018 in an ongoing project through the Child Mind Institute, titled #MyYoungerSelf. This campaign focuses on normalizing mental health especially in kids. The website features Gad and other celebrities talking about their own personal struggles with mental health and how they've found the help they need, while they also encourage viewers to find what can specifically help them. Gad's YouTube series Reunited Apart helped him get through the pandemic and lockdown. While he was out of work for the lockdown, he was able to focus on the series and not let his mental health plummet like many other Americans suffered from during the lockdown period.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Web

Theatre

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American singers
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American Mizrahi Jews
American people of Afghan-Jewish descent
American people of German-Jewish descent
Annie Award winners
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
Disney Legends
Disney people
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American male actors
Jewish singers
Male actors from Florida
NSU University School alumni
People from Hollywood, Florida
People of Afghan descent

Josh Gad


Cabanne's Trading Post was established in 1822 by the American Fur Company as Fort Robidoux near present-day Dodge Park in North Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It was named for the influential fur trapper Joseph Robidoux. Soon after it was opened, the post was called the French Company or Cabanné's Post, for the ancestry and name of its operator, Jean Pierre Cabanné, who was born and raised among the French community of St. Louis, Missouri.

Located 10 miles north of Omaha, Nebraska; six miles south of Fort Atkinson, and 2 miles south of Fort Lisa, Cabanné's Post was an important link in relations between the United States and Native American tribes in the Louisiana Purchase. The Cabanné Archaeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

History
Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, who toured the Louisiana Purchase extensively, visited the Post in 1823 and wrote highly of it, praising Cabanné and the accommodations.  Part of the success of Cabanné's Post was that it provisioned the garrison at nearby Fort Atkinson (1819–27) so had a steady business. Cabanné recruited traders and trappers for the American Fur Company, which expanded under John Jacob Astor to monopolize the American fur trade. Among Cabanne's recruits was Joseph Marie La Barge, namesake of La Barge, Wyoming. Cabanné operated the post until 1833.

Consisting by then of a row of storehouses, shops, and houses, the post in 1833 was taken over by Joshua Pilcher. He managed it until the American Fur Company folded its operations about 1840 into those at Fontenelle's Post at present-day Bellevue, Nebraska, as the fur trade had declined in economic importance. Peter A. Sarpy later took over management of Fontenelle's Post.

The site of Cabanné's Trading Post is north of present-day Dodge Park by Florence in North Omaha. Cabanné's Post Archaeological Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a featured site on the Lewis and Clark Scenic Byway.

A house built on the site and in the style of Cabanné's House in St. Louis is a listed historic site.

See also
List of Registered Historic Places in Douglas County, Nebraska
Nebraska Territory
History of North Omaha, Nebraska
Landmarks in North Omaha, Nebraska

References

Related publications
Dictionary of American History by James Truslow Adams, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.
Jensen, M. (1999) The Fontenelle and Cabanné Trading Posts: The History and Archeology of Two Missouri River Sites, 1822-1838, Nebraska State Historical Society.

External links
Lewis and Clark Scenic Byway, Community Directory and Travel Guide

1822 establishments in Indian Territory
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Nebraska
Buildings and structures in Omaha, Nebraska
Forts in Nebraska
History of North Omaha, Nebraska
History of United States expansionism
Landmarks in North Omaha, Nebraska
Missouri River
National Register of Historic Places in Omaha, Nebraska
Pre-statehood history of Nebraska
Trading posts in Nebraska
American Fur Company
Forts along the Missouri River

Cabanne's Trading Post


The Anti-Lebanon muntains is the Wastren name for the Eastren Lebanon Muntain Range (), which are a soothwast-northeast-trendin muntain range atween Sirie an Lebanon. Its Wastren name (Anti-Lebanon) comes frae the Greek wird for 'opposite'. The majority o the muntain range lees in Sirie. The border atween Sirie an Lebanon is lairgely defined alang the crest o the range. At its soothren end it is an aw athin the Golan Hichts.  The range lees east o an parallel (opposite) tae the Munt Lebanon range.  Tae the wast lees the Beqaa Valley in the north an the Hasbani River valley in the sooth. These valleys separate it frae the Lebanon range in central Lebanon. Tae the east, in Sirie, lees the Eastren Plateau which contains the ceety o Damascus.

The Anti-Lebanon range is approximately 150 km in length. Tae the north, it extends tae amaist the latitude o the Sirie ceety o Homs afore dying oot. Tae the sooth, the range coalesces wi the Golan Hichts plateau but includes the heichest peaks o Munt Hermon (Jabal el-Shaykh, in Arabic), at 2,814 metres, an Ta'la't Musa, at 2,669 metres. These peaks are snaw-covered for hintle o the year an are locatit on the Lebanese-Sirie border.

References

Further readin

Muntains o Lebanon
Muntain ranges o Asie
Muntain ranges o Sirie

Anti-Lebanon muntains


The European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), also known as the river lamprey or lampern, is a species of freshwater lamprey.

Description
Adult river lampreys measure from  for the sea-going forms and up to  for the lake forms. The very elongate body is a uniform dark grey above, lightening to yellowish off-white on the sides and pure white below. Like all lampreys, these fish lack paired fins and possess a circular sucking disc instead of jaws. They have a single nostril and seven small gill slits on either side behind the eye. The teeth are sharp and these fish can be told from the rather smaller brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri) by the fact that the two dorsal fins are more widely separated.

Distribution
The European river lamprey is found in coastal waters around almost all of Europe from the north-west Mediterranean Sea north to the lakes of Finland, Scotland, Norway (Mjøsa), Wales (Cors Caron), and Russia, including rivers in the Alps; especially in Nakkila, Finland, European river lampreys are a traditional local delicacy. Initially, in 1996, its conservation status was rated "near threatened" but since 2008 it has been rated as being of "least concern"  following recovery of populations after pollution problems in central and western Europe. An assessment for the Baltic Sea published in 2014, however, classified the river lamprey as Near Threatened in this region. In August 2018, Spain declared it officially extinct in its territory.

Prey
Like many lampreys, this species feeds as an ectoparasite and parasite of fish. It clings on to the flanks or gills of the fish with its sucker and rasps at the tissues below.

Taxonomy
River lampreys belong to the same genus as brook lamprey and are thought to be very closely related. Current thinking suggests that European brook and river lampreys are a paired species, which means the river lamprey represents the anadromous (seagoing) form of the resident brook lamprey. However, this is an area that is still being actively researched.

Reproductive cycle
The European river lamprey has a reproduction cycle similar to that of salmon. River lampreys migrate upstream from the sea to spawning grounds in autumn and winter. Spawning activity is greatest in the springtime (like the brook lamprey) and after spawning, the adults die. The young larvae, known as ammocoetes, spend several years in soft sediment before migrating to the sea as adults. It is thought that these fish spend two to three years in marine habitats before making the return trip to spawn.

Statistics
As ammocoetes, identification of these animals beyond genus level (Lampetra) is difficult because of their close similarity to brook lamprey. They average 30 cm in length as adults, and some may be considerably smaller (20 cm), but in each case they are distinctly larger than adult brook lamprey (12–14 cm). They are generally 150 g in mass, and their maximum life span is roughly 10 years.

See also
Lamprey pie

References

Further reading

Lampetra
Freshwater fish of Europe
Animal parasites of fish
Least concern biota of Europe
Fish described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Habitats Directive Species

European river lamprey


"Time Is on My Side" is a song written by Jerry Ragovoy (using the pseudonym "Norman Meade"). First recorded by jazz trombonist Kai Winding and his orchestra in 1963, it was covered (with additional lyrics by Jimmy Norman) by both soul singer Irma Thomas and then later the Rolling Stones in 1964.

Kai Winding
Session arranger Garry Sherman contacted friend and colleague Ragovoy after Winding had expressed an interest in going in a more commercial and rhythmic direction. Ragovoy had thought of no lyrics for the song other than "time is on my side". Produced by Creed Taylor and engineered by Phil Ramone, and including background vocals by Cissy Houston, Dionne Warwick, and Dee Dee Warwick, the recording was released on the Verve Records label in October 1963.

Irma Thomas rendition

In early 1964, Irma Thomas recorded a R&B cover of the song as the B-side for her single "Anyone Who Knows What Love Is (Will Understand)", released on Imperial Records. Songwriter Jimmy Norman was enlisted by the arranger H. B. Barnum to create  more lyrics for the song, which at that time consisted only of the words "Time is on my side" and "You'll come runnin' back". He managed to finish moments before Thomas entered the studio to record it.  Produced by Eddie Ray, Thomas' version of "Time Is on My Side" provided the inspiration for the title of her 1996 greatest hits release Time Is on My Side.

Rolling Stones version

The Rolling Stones recorded two versions of the song in 1964. The first (a looser arrangement featuring a briefer, organ-only intro), recorded in London in June 1964, was released as a single in the US, on September 25, 1964, and was included the following month on their US album 12 X 5. It became the band's first top ten hit in the United States. The second  (more tightly arranged and featuring guitar in the intro), recorded in Chicago on November 8, 1964, was released in the UK on January 15, 1965, on The Rolling Stones No. 2 This later rendition is the one that receives the most airplay and appears on most "best of" compilations. Both versions incorporate elements of Irma Thomas's recording, including spoken-word interjections in the chorus, a monologue in the middle of the song, and distinctive lead guitar.  Cash Box described it as a "throbbing rhythm affair" with "an effective mid-deck recitation".

The single peaked at No. 6 on the US Billboard Pop Singles Chart to become the Rolling Stones' first top ten hit in the US. Their previous single, "It's All Over Now", had peaked at No. 26.

A live version of the song from the band's 1982 live album, Still Life, reached No. 62 in the UK Singles Chart.

Personnel
 Mick Jagger – lead vocals and tambourine
 Keith Richards – lead guitar and backing vocals
 Brian Jones – rhythm guitar and backing vocals
 Bill Wyman – bass and backing vocals
 Charlie Watts – drums
 Ian Stewart – Vox Continental organ

Charts

Recordings by other artists

"Time Is on My Side" has since been covered by artists such as Indexi, Michael Bolton, Cat Power, Hattie Littles, Blondie, Wilson Pickett, Brian Poole and the Tremeloes, the O'Jays, the Pretty Things, Lorraine Ellison, Paul Revere and the Raiders, Kim Wilson, Tracy Nelson, Patti Smith, Andrés Calamaro (for his "El Salmón", a CD with 103 songs), and the Moody Blues (in 1965 and on the 1985 re-release of The Magnificent Moodies).

Pop singer and pianist Vanessa Carlton recorded a version for a Time Warner digital video recorders commercial, which also served as promotion for her second album, Harmonium (2004), and received heavy rotation on US television during early 2005. The newspaper Metroland reviewed her take on the song negatively, and wrote, "we tend to think time is most definitely not on her side — how else to explain the near-universal apathy to the release of her second album, Harmonium?" Harmonium was not re-issued to include the song.

In 2004, Jimmy Norman, who wrote the lyrics to "Time is on My Side" but whose name was eventually removed from credits, recorded it for the first time as the last track on his album Little Pieces.

In 2007, British soul singer Beverley Knight recorded it, featuring Ronnie Wood, for her fifth studio album, Music City Soul.

References

Sources

1963 singles
1964 singles
Songs written by Jerry Ragovoy
Irma Thomas songs
The Rolling Stones songs
Vanessa Carlton songs
The Moody Blues songs
Decca Records singles
London Records singles
Song recordings produced by Andrew Loog Oldham
Song recordings produced by Jagger–Richards
1963 songs
Verve Records singles
Imperial Records singles

Time Is on My Side


In Greek mythology, Dodone (Ancient Greek: Δωδώνης) was said to be one of the Oceanid nymphs (the 3,000 daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys), after whom the ancient city of Dodona was named. The 6th century AD grammarian Stephanus of Byzantium (s.v. Δωδὠνη), writes that according to Thrasyboulos (FHG II 464, a), as reported by  Epaphroditus (fr. 57 Braswell–Billerbeck) in his commentary on Callimachus's Aetia (fr. 53 Pfeiffer), the ancient city Dodona was named after an Oceanid nymph named Dodone.

Stephanus further notes that, according to Akestodorus, the city was instead named after Dodon, a son of Zeus and Europa, but concludes that it is more likely that the city was named after the river Dodon, as Herodian says. According to Schol. Iliad 16.233) the city was named after Dodon or Dodone the wife of Deucalion who named the city after her, and according to Eustathius, on Iliad 2.750, the city was named after Dodone, a heroine or Oceanid, or after Dodon.

Notes

References
 Braswell, Bruce Karl, Billerbeck, Magarethe, The Gramarian Epaphroditus: Testimonia and Fragments, Peter Lang, 2007. .
 Harder, Annette, Callimachus: Aetia: Introduction, Text, Translation and Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2012. . (two volume set).
 Meineke, August, Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorvm quae svpersvnt, Berolini: Impensis G. Reimeri, 1849. Internet Archive.

Oceanids

Dodone (mythology)


Sacramento City College (SCC) is a public community college in Sacramento, California. SCC is part of the Los Rios Community College District and had an enrollment of 25,307 in 2009. It is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges (ACCJC), offering Associate in Science (A.S) and Associate in Art (A.A.) degrees.

History

Founded in 1916 as a department of Sacramento High School, Sacramento City College is the seventh oldest public community college in California and the oldest institution of higher learning in Sacramento.

Rare for its time, Sacramento City College was founded by a woman (Belle Cooledge) and with an all female class as its first graduates, the college began with the spirit of inclusion at its very heart. First known as Sacramento Junior College, Cooledge founded the college to provide a safe, welcoming place for students to learn the basics for a college education, and to be a gathering spot for extra-curricular activities that would bring the community together.

In 1922, the citizens of Sacramento organized a junior college district, effectively granting Sacramento Junior College its administrative independence from Sacramento High School. This plan of organization remained in force until 1936, when the college became a part of the Sacramento City Unified School District.

Twenty-eight years later, as a result of a March 17, 1964, election, Sacramento City College separated from the Sacramento City Unified School District to join the newly organized Los Rios Junior College District, which took over the operation of American River College and Sacramento City College. Los Rios paid the total of $1.00 for the  Sacramento City College Campus. In October 1967, the Sacramento Pop Festival was held at the main campus' Charles C. Hughes Stadium. In 1970, the newly renamed Los Rios Community College District opened a third campus, Cosumnes River College. Folsom Lake College has recently been added to the district.

The Sacramento City College yearbook was called the Pioneer when initially published in the 1920s. The format changed in the early 1970s, and it was discontinued by 1980. The school newspaper-originally named "the Blotter" in the 1920s—would be called "The Pony Express" for several decades. It is now called "the Express."

Student life
There are over 50 student clubs and groups on campus, although there are no official fraternities or sororities. The campus does not offer any dorms.

Athletics
The Sacramento City College Panthers are members of the California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA), and the Big 8 Conference. SCC fields 18 teams, including 10 women's teams and 8 men's teams. The baseball program has demonstrated the most consistent success with 37 league titles, 5 state titles, and 1 national title. On the women's side, the track and field team won 3 straight state titles (2003, 2004, 2005), while the softball program won 4 state titles between 1988 and 2004. Sac City's athletic alumni have competed in the Olympic Games, the World Series, the NFL playoffs, and a world championship boxing match. Several of its coaches (and former coaches) have coached or served in administrative positions on a national and international level, including the Olympic Games, the NFL, and Major League Baseball.

Alumni

American culture
 Michael James Adams – aviator and NASA astronaut
 F. Carlton Ball – potter, educator
 Faith Bromberg – painter
 Herb Caen – former "items" columnist for the school newspaper went on to become a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle
 Samuel Charters – writer on music and record producer
 Jessica Chastain – Academy Award-winning actress
 Nguyen Do – poet, editor and translator
 Ray Eames – American artist, designer, architect and filmmaker
 Kurt Edward Fishback – photographer
 Sasha Grey – actress and adult film star
 Sherwood "Shakey" Johnson – founder of Shakey's Pizza Parlor chain
 Mel Ramos – artist
 Doug Siebum - professional audio engineer
 Bergen Williams (1983–1984) – filmmaker, inventor, artist,
 Wes Wilson – rock poster artist

Athletes
 Malachi Davis – ran in the 400-meter and 4x400-meter at the 2004 Summer Olympics for the United Kingdom team
 Sheila Hudson – 1996 Olympian and former world record holder in the triple jump
 Tommy Kono – three-time medalist in weightlifting in the 1952 Summer Olympics, 1956 Summer Olympics and 1960 Summer Olympics
 Albert Miller – 3 time Olympian (1984, 1988, and 1992) in the decathlon for Fiji
 Tom Moore – world record holder in the 120 yard high hurdles in 1935, US national champion in the 400m hurdles in 1935, and member of the National Track & Field Hall of Fame
 Jamie Nieto – finished 4th in the high jump in the 2004 Summer Olympics
 Lou Nova – heavyweight boxer who was the 1935 amateur world champion, and fought Joe Louis in 1941
 Roger "Jack" Parker – bronze medalist in the decathlon at the 1936 Berlin Olympics
 Edwin Salisbury – was the stroke for the 1932 gold medal-winning men's rowing eights team that was later inducted into the National Rowing Foundation's Rowing Hall of Fame
 Richson Simeon - track and field athlete, competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 100 meters event for the Marshall Islands
 Scott Smith – professional mixed martial arts fighter in the UFC
 John "Jack" Stack – won a gold medal in the men's rowing eights at the 1948 Olympic Games
 George Stanich – bronze medalist in the high jump in the 1948 Summer Olympics, as well as John Wooden's first all-American basketball player at UCLA

Baseball

 Facundo Cuno Barragan – former MLB catcher
 Dave Berg – seven-year MLB infielder
 Adam Bernero – former MLB pitcher
 Joe Bitker – former MLB pitcher
 Jeff Blauser – 13-year MLB shortstop with the Atlanta Braves and Chicago Cubs
 Chris Bosio – 10-year MLB pitcher with the Milwaukee Brewers and Seattle Mariners
 Larry Bowa – former MLB shortstop and current Los Angeles Dodgers third-base coach
 Jim Bowie – former MLB first baseman and current hitting coach for the Fresno Grizzlies
 Kevin Brown – former MLB pitcher
 Rob Cooper – College baseball coach at Wright State and Penn State
 Trace Coquillette – former MLB infielder
 Ken Dowell – former MLB shortstop
 Bob Forsch – former MLB pitcher
 Ken Forsch – former MLB pitcher
 La Vel Freeman – former MLB designated hitter
 Joe Horgan – former MLB pitcher
 Ken Hottman – former MLB outfielder
 John Spider Jorgensen – former MLB infielder
 Mike Marjama- catcher for the Seattle Mariners
 Jeffrey Marquez- pitcher for the Chicago White Sox
 Buck Martinez – 17-year MLB catcher
 Darrell May – former MLB pitcher
 Jason McDonald – former MLB outfielder
 John McNamara – former MLB manager
 Marcus Moore – former MLB pitcher
 David Moraga – former MLB pitcher
 Mike Neu former MLB pitcher and current Cal Berkeley head coach
 Jerry Nielsen – former MLB pitcher
 Geno Petralli – 12-year MLB catcher
 R. J. Reynolds – eight-year MLB outfielder
 Matt Riley – former MLB pitcher
 Rich Rodas – former MLB pitcher
 F. P. Santangelo – seven-year MLB player and an analyst on the San Francisco Giants pregame show on Fox Sports Net
 Rick Schu – former MLB infielder
 Joe Thurston – infielder in the St. Louis Cardinals organization
 Greg Vaughn – four-time MLB All-Star outfielder
 Randy Veres – former MLB pitcher
 Fernando Viña – 12-year infielder for five MLB teams
 Casey Weathers – member of the bronze medal winning 2008 Summer Olympics United States baseball team
 Larry Wolfe – former MLB infielder
 Charlie Zink – pitcher for the Boston Red Sox

Basketball
 Bill Putnam – college basketball player and coach
 John Stanich – guard on the 1950 U.S. national basketball team which placed second at the 1950 FIBA World Championship, where he was the only American on the all-tournament team

Football
 Robert Awalt – seven-year NFL tight end
 Issac Booth – three-year NFL defensive back
 James Campen - seven-year NFL offensive lineman for the Green Bay Packers, where he is currently an assistant coach.
 Gene Cronin – seven-year NFL defensive lineman
 Rick Cunningham – eight-year NFL lineman
 Bobby Dawson – former Canadian Football League defensive back
 Kenny Graham – seven-year AFL/NFL defensive back
 Akiem Hicks – current defensive lineman for the Chicago Bears of the NFL
 Mike Jones – three-year NFL tight end
 Stephen Jordan – former Canadian Football League defensive back who was the 1989 rookie of the year
 Derrick Lewis – former NFL and Arena Football League wide receiver
 Carl Littlefield – former NFL running back
 Stan Mataele – former NFL defensive lineman
 Perry Schwartz – all-American end for UC Berkeley's undefeated "Thunder Team" in 1937 and a first team all-NFL end for Brooklyn Dodgers in 1940 and 1941 when he led the league in yards per catch
 Phil Snow – football coach who is currently the defensive coordinator for Baylor University
 Alex Van Dyke – five-year NFL wide receiver, who also set NCAA receiving records while at the University of Nevada, Reno
 Seneca Wallace – former quarterback for the Cleveland Browns of the NFL
 Derek Ware – former NFL tight end and running back

Law and politics

 Jeff Adachi – elected Public Defender of San Francisco, pension reform advocate, and a former candidate for Mayor of San Francisco.
 Tani Cantil-Sakauye – 28th Chief Justice of California
 Morrison C. England, Jr. - Chief United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California.
 John E. Moss – served in 13 Congresses of the United States House of Representatives and championed the Freedom of Information Act

References

External links

 Official website

California Community Colleges
Universities and colleges in Sacramento County, California
Education in Sacramento, California
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Universities and colleges established in 1916
1916 establishments in California
Historic American Buildings Survey in California

Sacramento City College


The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma is a Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral located in Palma, Majorca, Spain. It was built on the site of a pre-existing Arab mosque. It is 121 metres long and 55 metres wide. Its nave is 44 metres tall.

The cathedral was styled in the Catalan Gothic style. It has Northern European influences. The building was it was started by King James I of Aragon in 1229. It was finished building in 1601. It sits within the old city of Palma. It is on top of the former citadel of the Roman city. It is between the Royal Palace of La Almudaina and the episcopal palace. It overlooks the Parc de la Mar and the Mediterranean Sea.

Fifty years after a restoration of the cathedral had started in 1901 Antoni Gaudí was invited to take over the project. Some of his ideas were adopted. He moved the choir stalls from the middle nave to be closer to the altar. He also made a large canopy. Gaudí abandoned his work in 1914 after an argument with the contractor. The planned changes were cosmetic rather than structural. The project was cancelled soon after.

The Cathedral of Santa Maria of Palma was one of 100 finalists for the 12 Treasures of Spain in 2007.

References

Other websites
 "Cathedral of Palma: La Seu", Video in english, 3:33 min., Mallorca TV Teleweb+
 La Seu Cathedral History
 La Seu Cathedral in www.mallorcawebsite.com
 Almudaina Palace

Roman Catholic cathedrals in Spain
12 Treasures of Spain - Finalists
13th-century buildings and structures
Palma de Mallorca

Palma Cathedral


The Tribal Hidage is generally considered to be a tribute list dated to 7th or 8th century Anglo-Saxon England. It was a list of 35 tribes that made up the majority of the peoples living in southern England at that time. Each tribe or kingdom on the list had a rounded off number of hides (units of land measurement). Modern historians believe it was created by either Mercian or Northumbrian overlords to collect tribute from the other groups.

Origins

The Tribal Hidage is an important historical document. The oldest copies available were written in style of the 11th century. This is at a time when many of the names of the earlier regions had been forgotten. In some cases the list is the only evidence that a region or people of that name ever existed. There were probably older versions of the Tribal Hidage and may have dated back to when Penda of Mercia dominated Anglo-Saxon England (642–655).

Historians are mixed when it comes to where the document came from originally. It may have been written by Paulinus for King Edwin of Northumbria. It may have been created for the use of Offa of Mercia. Others have not suggested a place or reign, but a particular period of time for when it was probably written—between 670-690. Historians are not certain what the exact reason was for creating the list.  Most seem to agree it was probably a tribute list. There are signs that the list was updated over a period of time. So it may have had more than one purpose.

The Hidage list

The text in the original documents is corrupt. Not every name can be clearly read. The names on the list are for tribal groups of peoples and not for districts or regions they lived in. Three different revisions have been identified by historian David Dumville. These are called Recension A, Recension B, and Recension C.

The first part of the list had 20 names. At the end of the first group is a total number of hides of land given as 66, 100. The numbers of hides for each group add up to 66,100 so the number is correct. The second group of 15 names has a total under it listed at 242,700 hides. But this is incorrect. If you add up the hides for each of the names in this group it totals 244,100. These are almost certainly math errors.

Primary list

Of the first or primary part of the list contained several recognized peoples:

 Mercian lands - 30,000 hides.
 Wrekin dwellers - 7,000 hides
 Lindsey–folk - 7,000 hides (including Hatfield)
 Wrekin-dwellers - 7,000 hides (Staffordshire, Northern Shropshire)
 Western men - 7,000 hides (Worcestershire, Herefordshire)
 South Gyrwas - 600 hides
 North Gyrwas - 600 hides
 Elmet dwellers - 600 hides
 The remaining 13 names had between 300 and 1,200 hides each.

Secondary list

This part of the list seems to have been added:
 Hwicce - 7,000 hides. (Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, and parts of Warwickshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and Staffordshire)
 East Angles - 30,000 hides.
 East Saxons - 7,000 hides. (Essex, Hertfordshire, Middlesex)
 Kent men - 15,000 hides.
 South Saxons - 7,000 hides.
 West Saxons - 100,000 hides.
 The remaining nine names had between 300 and 4,000 hides each.

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Tribal Hidage Online, The British Library

Anglo-Saxons
History of England

Tribal Hidage


A Lady Without Passport is a 1950 American film noir film directed by Joseph H. Lewis and starring Hedy Lamarr and John Hodiak. Written by Howard Dimsdale, the film is about a beautiful concentration-camp refugee who has taken up residence in Cuba while awaiting permission to enter the United States. An undercover immigration agent decides to use her as an informant to entrap the leader of an alien-smuggling ring.

This film marked the feature film debut of actor Steven Hill.

Plot
After World War II, immigrants in Cuba who are refused visas for various reasons try to sneak into the U.S. illegally with the help of a human smuggling ring run by Palinov (George Macready), a Levantine café owner. Following the death of one immigrant, U.S. Immigration operative Pete Karczag (John Hodiak) is sent to Havana, where he poses as a Hungarian in need of Palinov's services. During his dangerous undercover investigation, Pete meets Marianne Lorress (Hedy Lamarr), a penniless Austrian refugee of the Buchenwald concentration camp who is waiting to be smuggled into the United States by Palinov. He decides to use her to obtain the place and time of Palinov's next operation.

However Pete falls in love with Marianne, and deducing that she must give herself to Palinov in trade for the trip, talks her into staying in Cuba. Palinov discovers Karczag's true purpose and decides to use his own services. He exposes Pete to Marianne, who angrily decides to go ahead with the smuggling trip. Palinov tries to have Pete killed but the agent overcomes his would-be killer, gets the information from him, and reports it to his superior, Frank Westlake (James Craig). Palinov flies to the United States with Marianne and the other smuggled passengers. However, the airplane is being tracked by U.S. Immigration and is unable to refuel in Florida. Palinov and his pilot crash-land in the Florida Everglades in a desperate attempt to elude capture.

Palinov forces Marianne to accompany him and his pilot, seeking a boat hidden on a river. He kills one of the passengers trying to board their small raft; the rest flee into the glades. Pete and Westlake take up pursuit but split up when Westlake decides that saving the lives of the remaining immigrants takes priority over arresting Palinov. Pete continues after the fugitives and Marianne. The pilot is bitten by a poisonous snake and is left behind. Pete finds the hidden boat and gives it to Palinov in exchange for Marianne, although Palinov treacherously tries but fails to shoot them during his escape. Pete reassures her that Palinov won't get far—Pete emptied the boat's fuel tank before giving it up.

Cast
 Hedy Lamarr as Marianne Lorress
 John Hodiak as Peter Karczag
 James Craig as Frank Westlake
 George Macready as Palinov
 Steven Geray as Frenchman
 Bruce Cowling as Archer Delby James
 Nedrick Young as Harry Nordell
 Steven Hill as Jack
 Robert Osterloh as Lt. Lannahan
 Trevor Bardette as Lt. Carfagno
 Charles Wagenheim as Ramon Santez
 Renzo Cesana as A. Sestina
 Esther Zeitlin as Beryl Sandring
 Carlo Tricoli as Mr. Sandring
 Marta Mitrovich as Elizaveth Alonescu
 Don Garner as Dmitri Matthias
 Richard Crane as Navy Flyer
 Nita Bieber as Dancer

Production
The working title of this film was Visa and the production dates were early January through late February 1950.

Reception

According to MGM records the film earned $668,000 in the US and Canada and $336,000 elsewhere, leading to a loss of $444,000.

Critical response
Despite the fact that the film was made on a small budget, most reviews find the Casablanca-like film entertaining.

When the film was released, the staff at Variety praised the film, writing "Beginning is a bit too cryptic for quick understanding, but when plotline [adapted by Cyril Hume from a suggested story by Lawrence Taylor] does take shape, the story builds and holds attention. Joseph H. Lewis' direction spins it along expertly, neatly pacing the suspenseful sequences."

In the 21st century, Time Out Film Guide praised director Lewis. "A tight little script and economically etched characters provide a strong foundation, but it is Lewis' evocative visuals that really turn this into a poverty row gem."

In 2003, Dennis Schwartz gave the film a mixed review, writing: "Joseph H. Lewis (Gun Crazy/The Big Combo) does his best to make this tightly but uninspiring clichéd film noir work. But even though he adds zest and style by his solid visual directing effort, this low-budget Casablanca wannabe still lacks force. Though this is one of the much praised poverty row director's poorer films, it still is an interesting watch due to the strange effects of the visuals and the surreal atmospheric location shots."

Music
The dramatic score for the film, an ethnic Caribbean motif, was composed by David Raksin and conducted by Johnny Green.

A suite of Raksin's music that survives on the film's master tape was issued on CD in 2009 on Film Score Monthly records.

References

External links

1950 films
1950 crime drama films
American black-and-white films
1950s English-language films
Film noir
Films based on short fiction
Films directed by Joseph H. Lewis
Films scored by David Raksin
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films set in Havana
Films set in Florida
American crime drama films
Films about illegal immigration to the United States
1950s American films

A Lady Without Passport


The Kanjar are a nomadic tribe or group of people of North India, Kashmir and Pakistan. The Mirasi tribes are also probably related to them. These people are also sometimes called by the names of Nath, Banchra and Gashtay.

In old times, most of the Kanjar people used to live in jungles or forests. They used to hunt wild animals to eat and also keep some goats, cows and Water buffaloes for their meat and milk. Many of them still live like nomads, moving from place to place but some have started to live in towns and cities. Some of them are Hindu and Sikhs and some are Muslims. They are mostly very poor people  The subcastes of kashmir which are also known as (Kanjal) live in Central Kashmir.
Althouh they belong to poor category of people, but they still a diginified life in kashmir, their anceators used to make goods made up of wood.
Eventhough, this is caste is not that prominent in kashmir but they  have a sizeable population presence.These people are usually a considered (Naangars), which means they were not among the (Zamindars) means landlord class.

References

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnic groups in India

Kanjar