Robert Southey ( or ; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and Poet Laureate from 1813 until his death. Like the other Lake Poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Southey began as a radical but became steadily more conservative as he gained respect for Britain and its institutions. Other romantics such as Byron accused him of siding with the establishment for money and status. He is remembered especially for the poem "After Blenheim" and the original version of "Goldilocks and the Three Bears".

Life

Robert Southey was born in Wine Street, Bristol, to Robert Southey and Margaret Hill. He was educated at Westminster School, London (where he was expelled for writing an article in The Flagellant, a magazine he originated, attributing the invention of flogging to the Devil), and at Balliol College, Oxford.

Southey went to Oxford with "a heart full of poetry and feeling, a head full of Rousseau and Werther, and my religious principles shaken by Gibbon". He later said of Oxford, "All I learnt was a little swimming... and a little boating". He did, however, write a play, Wat Tyler (which, in 1817, after he became Poet Laureate, was published, to embarrass him, by his enemies). Experimenting with a writing partnership with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, most notably in their joint composition of The Fall of Robespierre, Southey published his first collection of poems in 1794. The same year, Southey, Coleridge, Robert Lovell and several others discussed creating an idealistic community ("pantisocracy") on the banks of the Susquehanna River in America.

In 1795 he married Edith Fricker, whose sister Sara married Coleridge. The same year, he travelled to Portugal, and wrote Joan of Arc, published in 1796. He then wrote many ballads, went to Spain in 1800, and on his return settled in the Lake District.

In 1799, Southey and Coleridge were involved with early experiments with nitrous oxide (laughing gas), conducted by the Cornish scientist Humphry Davy.

While writing prodigiously, he received a government pension in 1807, and in 1809 started a long association with the Quarterly Review, which provided almost his only income for most of his life. He was appointed laureate in 1813, a post he came greatly to dislike. In 1821, Southey wrote A Vision of Judgment, to commemorate George III, in the preface to which he attacked Byron who, as well as responding with a parody, The Vision of Judgment (see below), mocked him frequently in Don Juan.

In 1837, Edith died, and Southey remarried, to Caroline Anne Bowles, also a poet, on 4 June 1839. The marriage broke down, not least because of his increasing dementia. His mind was giving way when he wrote a last letter to his friend Walter Savage Landor in 1839, but he continued to mention Landor's name when generally incapable of mentioning anyone. He died on 21 March 1843 and was buried in the churchyard of Crosthwaite Church, Keswick, where he had worshipped for forty years. There is a memorial to him inside the church, with an epitaph written by his friend, William Wordsworth.

Southey was also a prolific letter writer, literary scholar, essay writer, historian and biographer. His biographies include the life and works of John Bunyan, John Wesley, William Cowper, Oliver Cromwell and Horatio Nelson. The last has rarely been out of print since its publication in 1813 and was adapted as the 1926 British film Nelson.

He was a generous man, particularly kind to Coleridge's abandoned family, but he incurred the enmity of many, including Hazlitt as well as Byron, who felt he had betrayed his principles in accepting pensions and the laureateship, and in retracting his youthful ideals.

Politics

Although originally a radical supporter of the French Revolution, Southey followed the trajectory of his fellow Romantic poets Wordsworth and Coleridge towards conservatism. Embraced by the Tory establishment as Poet Laureate, and from 1807 in receipt of a yearly stipend from them, he vigorously supported the Liverpool government. He argued against parliamentary reform ("the railroad to ruin with the Devil for driver"), blamed the Peterloo Massacre on an allegedly revolutionary "rabble" killed and injured by government troops, and spurned Catholic emancipation. In 1817 he privately proposed penal transportation for those guilty of "libel" or "sedition". He had in mind figures like Thomas Jonathan Wooler and William Hone, whose prosecution he urged. Such writers were guilty, he wrote in the Quarterly Review, of "inflaming the turbulent temper of the manufacturer and disturbing the quiet attachment of the peasant to those institutions under which he and his fathers have dwelt in peace." Wooler and Hone were acquitted, but the threats caused another target, William Cobbett, to emigrate temporarily to the United States.

In some respects, Southey was ahead of his time in his views on social reform. For example, he was an early critic of the evils the new factory system brought to early 19th-century Britain. He was appalled by the living conditions in towns like Birmingham and Manchester and especially by employment of children in factories and outspoken about them. He sympathised with the pioneering socialist plans of Robert Owen, advocated that the state promotes public works to maintain high employment, and called for universal education.

Given his departure from radicalism, and his attempts to have former fellow travellers prosecuted, it is unsurprising that less successful contemporaries who kept the faith attacked Southey. They saw him as selling out for money and respectability.

In 1817, Southey was confronted with the surreptitious publication of a radical play, Wat Tyler, which he had written in 1794 at the height of his radical period. This was instigated by his enemies in an attempt to embarrass the Poet Laureate and highlight his apostasy from radical poet to supporter of the Tory establishment. One of his most savage critics was William Hazlitt. In his portrait of Southey, in The Spirit of the Age, he wrote: "He wooed Liberty as a youthful lover, but it was perhaps more as a mistress than a bride; and he has since wedded with an elderly and not very reputable lady, called Legitimacy." Southey largely ignored his critics but was forced to defend himself when William Smith, a member of Parliament, rose in the House of Commons on 14 March to attack him. In a spirited response Southey wrote an open letter to the MP, in which he explained that he had always aimed at lessening human misery and bettering the condition of all the lower classes and that he had only changed in respect of "the means by which that amelioration was to be effected." As he put it, "that as he learnt to understand the institutions of his country, he learnt to appreciate them rightly, to love, and to revere, and to defend them."

Another critic of Southey in his later period was Thomas Love Peacock, who scorned him in the character of Mr. Feathernest in his 1817 satirical novel Melincourt.

He was often mocked for what were seen as sycophantic odes to the king, notably in Byron's long ironic dedication of Don Juan to Southey. In the poem Southey is dismissed as insolent, narrow and shabby. This was based both on Byron's lack of respect for Southey's literary talent, and his disdain for what he perceived as Southey's hypocritical turn to conservatism later in life. Much of the animosity between the two men can be traced back to Byron's belief that Southey had spread rumours about him and Percy Bysshe Shelley being in a "League of Incest" during their time on Lake Geneva in 1816, an accusation that Southey strenuously denied.

In response, Southey attacked what he called the Satanic School among modern poets in the preface to his poem, A Vision of Judgement, written after the death of George III. While not naming Byron, it was clearly directed at him. Byron retaliated with The Vision of Judgment, a parody of Southey's poem.

Without his prior knowledge, the Earl of Radnor, an admirer of his work, had Southey returned as MP for the latter's pocket borough seat of Downton in Wiltshire at the 1826 general election, as an opponent of Catholic emancipation, but Southey refused to sit, causing a by-election in December that year, pleading that he did not have a large enough estate to support him through political life, or want to take on the hours full attendance required. He wished to continue living in the Lake District and preferred to defend the Church of England in writing rather than speech. He declared that "for me to change my scheme of life and go into Parliament, would be to commit a moral and intellectual suicide." His friend John Rickman, a Commons clerk, noted that "prudential reasons would forbid his appearing in London" as a Member.

In 1835, Southey declined the offer of a baronetcy, but accepted a life pension of £300 a year from Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel.

Reputation

Charles Lamb, in a letter to Coleridge, stated, "With Joan of Arc I have been delighted, amazed. I had not presumed to expect of any thing of such excellence from Southey. Why the poem is alone sufficient to redeem the character of the age we live in from the imputation of degenerating in Poetry [...] On the whole, I expect Southey one day to rival Milton."

Regarding Thalaba the Destroyer, Ernest Bernhard-Kabisch pointed out that "Few readers have been as enthusiastic about it as Cardinal Newman who considered it the most 'morally sublime' of English poems. But the young Shelley reckoned it his favourite poem, and both he and Keats followed its lead in some of their verse narratives."

While Southey was writing Madoc, Coleridge believed that the poem would be superior to the Aeneid.

Robert Southey had a notable influence on Russian literature. Pushkin highly appreciated his work and translated the beginning of the Hymn to the Penates and Madoc, and was also inspired by the plot of Roderick to create an original poem on the same plot (Родрик). At the beginning of the 20th century, Southey was translated by Gumilyov and Lozinsky. In 1922, the publishing house "Vsemirnaya Literatura" published the first separate edition of Southey's ballads in Russia, compiled by Gumilyov. In 2006, a bilingual edition prepared by E. Witkowski was published, a significant part of which included new translations.

Southey was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1822. He was also a member of the Royal Spanish Academy.

In popular culture
In the video game Book of Hours, released in 2023 by Weather Factory, the Southey family are good friends with the fictional Baroness Eva Dewulf, and there are rumours that they adopted her illegitimate child as Abra Southey and presented her as the younger sister to Robert.

Partial list of works
Harold, or, The Castle of Morford (an unpublished Robin Hood novel that Southey wrote in 1791).
The Fall of Robespierre (1794) (with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
Poems: Containing the Retrospect, Odes, Elegies, Sonnets, &c. (with Robert Lovell)
Joan of Arc (1796)
Icelandic Poetry, or The Edda of Sæmund (contributing an introductory epistle to A. S. Cottle's translations, 1797)
Poems (1797–1799)
Letters Written During a Short Residence in Spain and Portugal (1797)
St. Patrick's Purgatory (1798)
After Blenheim (1798)
The Devil's Thoughts (1799). Revised ed. pub. in 1827 as "The Devil's Walk". (with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
English Eclogues (1799)
The Old Man's Comforts and How He Gained Them (1799)
Thalaba the Destroyer (1801)
The Inchcape Rock (1802)
Madoc (1805)
Letters from England: By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella (1807), the observations of a fictitious Spaniard.
Chronicle of the Cid, from the Spanish (1808)
The Curse of Kehama (1810)
History of Brazil (3 vols.) (1810–1819)
The Life of Horatio, Lord Viscount Nelson (1813)
Roderick the Last of the Goths (1814)
Journal of a tour in the Netherlands in the autumn of 1815 (1902)
Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur (1817)
Wat Tyler: A Dramatic Poem (1817; written in 1794)
Cataract of Lodore (1820)
The Life of Wesley; and Rise and Progress of Methodism (2 vols.) (1820)
What Are Little Boys Made Of? (1820)
A Vision of Judgement (1821)
History of the Peninsular War, 1807–1814 (3 vols.) (1823–1832)
Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society (1829)
The Works of William Cowper, 15 vols., ed. (1833–1837)
Lives of the British Admirals, with an Introductory View of the Naval History of England (5 vols.) (1833–40); republished as "English Seamen" in 1895.
The Doctor (7 vols.) (1834–1847). Includes The Story of the Three Bears (1837).
The Poetical Works of Robert Southey, Collected by Himself (1837)

See also

Recollections of the Lake Poets
Goldilocks and the Three Bears
Lake Poets

Notes

References

Sources
Geoffrey Carnall, Writers and Their Works: Robert Southey, London: Longman Group, 1971
Kenneth Curry, ed., New Letters of Robert Southey, 2 vols, New York/London: Columbia UP, 1965
Edward Dowden, ed., The Correspondence of Robert Southey with Caroline Bowles, Dublin/London, 1881
Dennis Low, The Literary Protégées of the Lake Poets, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006
John Lionel Madden, Robert Southey: the critical heritage, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972
Michael Nash, Southey's Nelson. Bibliography of the 1813–1857 English Editions of Robert Southey's Life of Nelson, Hoylake & Tattenhall/Marine & Cannon Books, 2019
Lynda Pratt, ed., Robert Southey, Poetical Works, 1793–1810, 5 vols, London: Pickering and Chatto, 2004
Jack Simmons, Southey, Washington DC: Kennikat, 1945
Charles Cuthbert Southey, ed., The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, New York, 1855
W. A. Speck, Robert Southey: Entire Man of Letters, Yale University Press, 2006

External links

The Pilgrim To Compostella
The original Southey version of The Three Bears
History of Brazil Southey, Robert
Haller, William. 1885– The early life of Robert Southey, 1774–1803 (1917)
Southey, Robert, 1774–1843. The doctor, &c. (1848)
e-book of Madoc, an epic poem in two volumes about the legendary Welsh prince Madoc.
Biography of Robert Southey by Peter Landry at Blupete
Greta Hall Keswick home of Robert Southey

Archive materials
The Robert Southey Collection: Presented online by The University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center. Titles include:
Southey, Robert, 1774–1843. Southey's Common-place book. First series. Choice passages. Collections for English manners and literature: 2nd ed. (1850)
Southey, Robert, 1774–1843. Southey's Common-place book. Second series. Special collections: 2nd ed. (1850)
Southey, Robert, 1774–1843. Southey's Common-place book. Third series. Analytical readings: 2d. ed. (1850)

Archival material at
Robert Southey Collection. General Collection. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library

1774 births
1843 deaths
English Christians
British Poets Laureate
Romantic poets
Christian poets
People educated at Westminster School, London
Writers from Bristol
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
British Hispanists
19th-century British biographers
English biographers
19th-century English historians
English translators
19th-century British translators
Spanish–English translators
Burials in Cumbria
English male poets
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
Translators of the Poetic Edda
People from Keswick, Cumbria
Male biographers

Robert Southey


Emil Urbel (born 13 November 1959 in Pärnu) is an Estonian architect.

Emil Urbel studied in the State Art Institute of the Estonian SSR (today's Estonian Academy of Arts) in the department of architecture. He graduated from the institute in 1982.

From 1984 to 1989 Emil Urbel worked in the state design bureau Eesti Projekt (Estonian National Design). From 1989 to 2000 he worked in the architectural bureau Urbel&Peil OÜ. From 2000 to present he works in the architectural bureau Emil Urbel OÜ.

Emil Urbel is most notable for his numerous single-family homes. Most notable public buildings by Emil Urbel are the Rocca Al Mare School, the Kalev Spa and the Flour Mill building in the Rotermanni Quarter. For the Rocca Al Mare School building Emil Urbel received the annual award if the Estonian Cultural Endowment in 2000. Emil Urbel is a member of the Union of Estonian Architects.

He, and some of his buildings, featured in the Jonathan Meades BBC programme "Magnetic North". (2008).

Works
Terminal A of the Tallinn Passengers' Harbour, 1994 (with )
Hotell Central, 1994
Villa in Tabasalu, 1996
Estonian Law Institute 2000
Rocca al Mare School, 2000 (with Ülo Peil, Indrek Erm)
Aaviku housing area, 2003 (with Indrek Erm)
Restaurant Novell, 2004
Viinistu art museum, 2004
Villa in Miiduranna, 2004 (with Indrek Erm)
row housing on Esku Street, 2004
Kalev Spa, 2005
Frlour Mill in the Rotermanni Quarter, 2008 (with Ainar Luik)
Nordea House, 2009 (with Indrek Erm)

References
 Union of Estonian Architects, members
 Architectural Bureau Emil Urbel OÜ, architects
 Architectural Bureau Emil Urbel OÜ, works

Estonian architects
1959 births
Living people
People from Pärnu
Estonian Academy of Arts alumni

Emil Urbel


Jonathan Worth is a British portrait photographer and educator. He has worked for The New York Times, New Scientist magazine, Universal Music and Vogue amongst others. His shot-list includes musicians, sports stars and Hollywood actors like Jude Law, Colin Firth and Casey Affleck. In 2009 Worth pioneered two free and open undergraduate photography classes at Coventry University for which he was made a Higher Education Authority National Teaching Fellow. He is a fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA).

Life and work

After leaving college, Worth assisted portrait photographer Steve Pyke for a number of years both in the UK and New York.

In 2000 he was selected as one of Photo District News'''s "30 under 30".

In 2009 Worth pioneered two open and free undergraduate photography classes called #picbod (Picturing the Body) and #phonar (Photography and Narrative). These classes have drawn large audiences and notable people including Elinor Carucci, Pete Brook and David Campbell. In 2010 the world's first free 'class application' was launched on iPhone for the #picbod class."BJP, Photography class opens its door to the world" "PDN, Photography course offered free, online"  These open classes have brought Worth significant attention from photography academics and external organizations, in 2013 he was made an Higher Education Academy National Teaching Fellow for developing "a radically new approach to teaching, which magnifies the classroom experience through the affordances of social media and networked environments".

In 2010 Worth was made a fellow of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (RSA) for "innovation and influential role in developing new business models for photographers using the social web".

Exhibitions

1998: Family, iD - European traveling group exhibition.
1998: Boys aged 11 to 16, Paul Smith, London.
1999: Beyond Price, iD - European traveling group exhibition.
2000: John Kobal Portrait award, National Portrait Gallery, London.
2000: Thirty Under Thirty, Photo District News – USA traveling group exhibition.
2002: Footballers, Paul Smith, Tokyo, Japan.
2002: Footballers, Royal Exchange, London.
2005: Dancers Part 1, Saltburn, Lancashire.
2005: Editorial work 1998–2004, Picture House Gallery, Leicester.
2006: Kybosh, Picture House Gallery, Leicester.
2007: Darbar – South Asia Musicians, Leicester.
2008: Portraits,'' Thompson's Gallery London.

Collection
Worth's work is held in the following permanent public collection:
National Portrait Gallery, London.

Sources
Use the Creative Commons to nurture photojournalists from boingboing
Jonathan Worth tries out a copy-friendly photography business-experiment from boingboing
The Digital Media Learning Hub
'Free online class shakes up photo education' from Wired Magazine
Photography and Open Education  from BBC
How the Power of Open can benefit photographers  from The Telegraph (Newspaper)
An Interview With Jonathan Worth
'The research lab in your pocket; Apps and the Academy' from the Times Higher Education Magazine
'Turn on, Tune in to Phonar' from Professional Photographer Magazine
An Interview with Jonathan Worth from the Shpilman Institute for Photography

References

External links

Open Lab, Newcastle University
#phonar; a free and open undergraduate photography class

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British portrait photographers
Place of birth missing (living people)

Jonathan Worth (photographer)


Lee Taek-keun (Hangul: 이택근, Hanja: 李宅根) (born July 10, 1980 in Busan, South Korea) is an outfielder who plays for the Kiwoom Heroes in the Korea Baseball Organization. He bats and throws right-handed.

Amateur career
Attending Kyungnam Commerce High School in Busan, South Korea, Lee was considered one of the top high school catching prospects. In 1998, he was selected for the South Korea national junior team that finished in 3rd place at the 1998 Asian Junior Baseball Championship in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Upon graduation from high school in 1999, he chose to play college baseball at Korea University instead of turning pro directly. Lee was soon regarded as one of the best offensive amateur catchers in the nation, becoming a fixture in the starting nine in his first collegiate season. In his freshman year at Korea University, he was called up to the South Korea national baseball team, and participated in the 1999 Intercontinental Cup. In Korea's first game of the round-robin tournament against Cuba, he led his team to a memorable 4-3 victory, which was South Korea's first victory over Cuba at international baseball competitions organized by the IBAF.

In 2001, Lee was selected for the South Korea national baseball team, that finished in 6th place at the 2001 Baseball World Cup. Lee was one of five amateur players on the roster.

In 2002, Lee competed for the South Korea national baseball team again in the inaugural World University Baseball Championship held in Messina, Italy, manning the designated hitting and the catching positions.

Notable international careers

Professional career
Signed by the Hyundai Unicorns in 2003, Lee started his pro career as a catcher. Although Lee immediately became one of the most reliable and consistent hitters in the team, he failed to make an impact with the Unicorns as a catcher due to his defensive deficiencies. So, the team convinced Lee to convert to the outfield in spring training 2006. As the 2006 season started, the team finally moved Lee to the outfield permernantly.

In the 2006 season, he finished second in batting average (.322), tenth in RBI (66) and sixth in hits (135), and was selected to the All-Star team and won his first KBO League Golden Glove Award. After the season, he was selected for the South Korea national team and competed in the 2006 Asian Games held in Doha, Qatar.

In the 2007 season, he finished ninth in batting average (.313) and sixth in hits (137).

In the 2008 season, Lee had a .317 batting average, that ranked seventh overall, with 12 home runs and 118 hits. He also stole 18 bases, batting leadoff. In August 2008, he competed for the South Korean national team in the 2008 Summer Olympics held in Beijing, China, where they won the gold medal in the baseball tournament.

In March 2009, Lee was called up to the South Korea national baseball team for the 2009 World Baseball Classic. He appeared in 7 games, but mostly served as a pinch runner and backup center fielder. In the 2009 KBO season, Lee had another impressive performance. He batted .311 (eighth in the league) and posted career-highs in hits (142), home runs (15), doubles (26), RBI (66), runs (84) and stolen bases (43). Lee finished third in stolen bases (43 in 51 attempts) and his stolen base percentage (.843) was higher than title-winner Lee Dae-Hyung and runner-up Jeong Keun-Woo.

On December 11, 2009, he won his second Golden Glove Award as an outfielder.

On May 18, 2017, he won the game against Hanwha by hitting the first pinch-hitter-ending grand slam in the KBO league against Jung Woo-ram.

Awards and honors
2006 Golden Glove Award (Outfielder)
2009 Golden Glove Award (Outfielder)

Notable international careers

Controversy
In 2018 Lee was suspended 36 games for the 2019 season by the league because of an earlier (May 2015) incident in which he struck a younger teammate, Moon Woo-ram, in the face with a bat multiple times, leaving him with a concussion and serious swelling in the face. Lee said that he had hit Moon because he didn't follow his order of getting a haircut.

Filmography

Television show

References

External links
 Profile and stats on the KBO official site

2009 World Baseball Classic players
Baseball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for South Korea
Olympic baseball players for South Korea
LG Twins players
Kiwoom Heroes players
Hyundai Unicorns players
KBO League first basemen
KBO League center fielders
South Korean baseball players
Korea University alumni
1980 births
Living people
Olympic medalists in baseball
Asian Games medalists in baseball
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Baseball players at the 2006 Asian Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 2006 Asian Games
Baseball players from Busan

Lee Taek-keun


Inga Žolude (born August 9, 1984) is a Latvian writer and translator.  She studied English literature at the University of Latvia, before winning a Fulbright scholarship to attend Southern Illinois University in the USA. At present, she is pursuing a PhD at the University of Latvia.

Žolude's first novel Silta zeme (Warm Earth) was published in 2008. She has written two more novels since: Sarkanie bērni (Red Children, 2012) and Santa Biblia (2013). Red Children won the Latvian Writers' Union prize as well as the Raimonds Gerkens prize.

Žolude has published several collections of short stories. She won the EU Prize for Literature for her 2010 collection Mierinājums Ādama kokam (A Solace for the Adam's Tree). She has also written several plays.

As a translator, Žolude has translated works by Philip Larkin and Robert Crawford. Her own work has been translated into numerous languages, including English, German, French, Swedish, Polish, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Czech and Bulgarian.

She has participated in the Prose Readings' festival several times, winning the main prize in 2013 for her short story "Writers' House". In 2015, her second collection of short stories "Stories" was published, containing seven long stories. The book has been nominated for the Literature Award in the category "Best Prose Work".

Žolude has been a member of the Latvian Writers' Union since 2010.

References

1984 births
Latvian women novelists
Latvian women writers
Living people
21st-century Latvian writers
21st-century Latvian women writers

Inga Žolude


Washington Allon Bartlett (c. 1816 – February 6, 1865) was the first U.S. citizen to serve as alcalde of Yerba Buena/San Francisco, appointed by the military government during the Mexican-American War and serving from August 14, 1846, to January 31, 1847.

Early years

While some sources state that Bartlett was born in Maine, citing dates of September 3, 1812 to 1820, other sources have stated he was related to Josiah Bartlett, a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence; however, there is no independent evidence for either proposition. Much of the biographical data regarding Bartlett in the period before 1856 is found in a memorial he submitted to Congress.  He was originally appointed as a midshipman in the United States Navy on January 22, 1833, having had some previous at-sea nautical training.  Between 1833 and 1837, Bartlett served on board the sloop USS Vincennes on a lengthy Pacific Ocean cruise.  On July 8, 1839, he passed seventh in a class of 32 in examinations for the rank of passed midshipman.  Between 1839 and 1844, he was principally engaged in surveying duties, until he was commissioned a Lieutenant in the U.S. Navy in November 1844, at which time he joined the sloop USS Portsmouth for a cruise which lasted until May 1848.

Mayor of San Francisco

It was during this cruise that Bartlett achieved his greatest professional fame.  The Mexican–American War broke out during this cruise.  Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7, 1846, and Commander John B. Montgomery of USS Portsmouth arrived at the coastal village of Yerba Buena on July 9, 1846 to take control of the area for the United States.

As Lieutenant Bartlett was a fluent speaker of Spanish, and was well read in legal matters, he was detailed by Commander Montgomery on August 14, 1846, to represent the military government as alcalde at Yerba Buena, in a position functionally similar to the office of prefect in the Mexican system. Bartlett served concurrently with a civilian (also appointed), José de Jesús Noé, who had previously served as alcalde in 1842–43. Accordingly, Lt. Bartlett became the first U.S. citizen to be alcalde (an office combining functions of a strong mayor with those of a municipal court judge), of Yerba Buena.

Lt. Bartlett was elected to succeed himself at the first election held under the new regime, on September 15, 1846.  Bartlett was involved in the Donner Party tragedy; upon news being received at Yerba Buena of the disaster, Bartlett collected clothing and provisions to relieve the survivors.  For a period of a month in December 1846, he was taken prisoner on December 8, 1846, by "an irregular body of Californians" while on a provisioning expedition.

In one of his last acts as alcalde, Bartlett formally changed the name of Yerba Buena on January 30, 1847 to that by which it is known today: San Francisco. Bartlett resigned the office and rejoined the Portsmouth when the ship received new orders and left the area.

Bartlett, as an experienced surveyor, also ordered the creation of some of the first maps of the city-to-be. Montgomery Street, still a prominent thoroughfare in San Francisco, was named for his commanding officer, and although Bartlett Street is most probably named for him, some say it was for Washington Montgomery Bartlett, who was the twentieth mayor of San Francisco, and later the sixteenth governor of California.

Pacific Coast Survey

Probably due to his familiarity with the West Coast, in 1848 Bartlett was assigned to the Pacific portion of the United States Coast Survey.  On January 9, 1849, he left for San Francisco in command of the USS Ewing.  The voyage around Cape Horn was grueling, and it took almost seven months; the Ewing arriving in San Francisco on August 1.  The Ewing, however, did not remain in San Francisco Bay; Bartlett took it north to Tomales Bay to try to prevent the crew from deserting to the gold fields.  It returned on August 6, at which time William Pope McArthur, who had arrived on August 31, took command of her.  Bartlett remained on the ship, and sailed with it to Hawaii where they stayed over the winter of 1849–50.

Later career and scandal

In 1852, Bartlett was released from the Survey and spent an extended period of time in Europe purchasing lighthouse equipment on behalf of the Treasury.

In February 1855, Bartlett once again went to sea, for service as a first lieutenant and executive officer of the flagship of the African squadron.  This service was not to be long, for in September 1855, Bartlett was struck from the Navy List by a naval board.  Upon an enquiry by the wife of Lt. Bartlett, it was noted that no charges had been preferred against any officers so struck.

Lt. Bartlett, upon his return to the United States, engaged in vigorous efforts to be restored to the Navy List, including the presentation in 1856 of a lengthy "Memorial" to Congress which outlined his service.  To a certain extent, the Memorial was focused on rebutting charges that Lt. Bartlett had been engaged in financial irregularities when acting as agent for the Treasury, and when an officer in the African squadron.  As of 1859, Lt. Bartlett had not been restored to service; Bartlett was granted leave to withdraw his petition to be restored to service by the U.S. Senate on March 13, 1857.

"Diamond Wedding"

The daughter of Lt. Bartlett, Frances Amelia Bartlett, married Don Esteban Santa Cruz de Oviedo, a wealthy Cuban landowner and slave-owner, in a lavish ceremony at St. Patrick's Cathedral (now St. Patrick's Old Cathedral) on Mott Street in New York on October 13, 1859.  The wedding was soon known as "The Diamond Wedding," in part because of the allegedly lavish gifts of jewelry given by the 55-year-old Oviedo to his 18-year-old bride.  The name was also attached to a satirical poem written by Edmund Clarence Stedman which appeared in The New York Tribune, which so enraged the father of the bride that an apology or "satisfaction" was demanded.  Neither a duel nor the threatened lawsuit ever came to pass.

The marriage lasted until Don Esteban's death in February 1870.  His widow, in 1882, was subsequently remarried to Bodo von Gluemer, a German engineering officer in the service of the Mexican Army.  As of 1904, Frances Amelia Bartlett de Oviedo von Gluemer was still alive, though in significantly reduced circumstances, pursuing claims under the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish–American War, regarding property left to her by her first husband in Cuba.

Civil War career

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War, Bartlett was engaged in raising Bartlett's Naval Brigade for service.  However, upon reporting to the area of Fort Monroe, Virginia in the late spring of 1861, the Brigade was rejected for service by the commanding officer, Major-General Benjamin F. Butler.  Bartlett, who was Colonel of the Brigade, subsequently suffered a serious injury in a fall, and the Brigade was dissolved, portions of it being reformed as the 99th Volunteer Regiment of the New York militia in August, 1861.  Bartlett was subject to serious criticism in the press by some regarding his conduct, one article even noting that some in the Brigade questioned his sanity.

Bartlett continued to seek vindication; Senator John P. Hale of New Hampshire is on record as having written to Navy Secretary Gideon Welles regarding Bartlett's case in March 1862.  However, there is no record of Bartlett ever receiving vindication.  As of 1862, Bartlett was in a partnership practicing civil, marine, naval and steam engineering at 169 Broadway, in New York City.

Bartlett died in Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, in February 1865, and is buried at Green-Wood Cemetery, section 90, lot 772/775, in Brooklyn.

References

External links

1816 births
1865 deaths
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Mayors of San Francisco
United States Coast Survey personnel
19th-century American politicians

Washington Allon Bartlett


Rosario Oeste is a railway station in Rosario, province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It is located in the west of the city, on the junction of Paraná St. and 9 de Julio streets.

The station, part of the Belgrano Railway network, is currently operated by State-owned company Trenes Argentinos Cargas that runs freight trains to the north of Argentina.

History
The site of the station was originally only a stop for the line that led west to Córdoba, operated by the Córdoba Central Railway company. It was established in 1917 under the name Kilómetro 302 (i.e. 302 km measured from Buenos Aires). In 1939 the State Railway Administration renamed it to "Rosario Oeste".

During the mid-1940s the existing building (a wooden construction) was demolished and the new station was built, in a modern rationalist style (unlike other, older stations which followed British or French models). Rosario Oeste was designated as the local stop of all meter gauge long-distance trains that arrived in Rosario, avoiding the complicated process of entering and backing up at Rosario Central Córdoba Station.

In 1949 the government of Juan Perón nationalized the railways and attempted to optimize them. The Central Córdoba Railway, which had been taken over by the Argentine government in 1939, was now merged with other companies into the General Manuel Belgrano Railway, which concentrated all of the passenger services at Rosario Oeste, closing down other termini.

In September 1969 the popular uprising known as the Rosariazo caused grave damages to the transport infrastructure of the city. Rosario Oeste Station was looted and set on fire; it was the only station to be rebuilt later.

As the Argentine railway system declined (most of the remaining passenger services being cancelled in 1977, and the cargo services privatized and downsized in the 1990s), the station, like most others, fell into abandon.

Rosario Oeste was intended from the beginning to be a convenient stop for long-distance trains, located in the periphery so that trains would not have to enter the central part of the city. As such, it is usually considered again for this role every time that a possible revamping of the railway system is discussed. In 2006, the municipality announced the site of Rosario Oeste was a likely alternative to build the terminus of the projected Buenos Aires-Rosario-Córdoba high-speed railway, as it was "accessible and presented low urbanistic impact". The official Urban Plan for the period 2007–2017, however, shifted the site to the railway maneuver area known as Patio Parada, closer to the city center (west of Rosario Norte Station).<ref>"La transformación de la ciudad", Página/12, Rosario/12, 4 Mar 2007</ref>

 Operators

Notes

Bibliography
 British Railways in Argentina 1860-1948'' by H.R.Stones, P.E. Waters & Associates, Bromley, Kent, England, 1993

References

External links

Trenes Argentinos Cargas y Logística, operator

Railway stations opened in 1917
Railway stations in Rosario, Santa Fe

Rosario Oeste railway station


Operation Roundabout was a British Commando raid that took place on 23 March 1943, during the Second World War. The Commando party was commanded by Captain Gilchrist of No. 12 Commando and included two Commandos from the same unit, as well as an officer and four men from the 29th Ranger Battalion and four Norwegian soldiers

The raid was supposed to destroy a bridge over a Fjord but was unsuccessful when one of the Norwegians dropped the magazine for his machine gun, alerting the German guards.

References

Conflicts in 1943
World War II British Commando raids
1943 in Norway

Operation Roundabout


Long Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park located in Alberta, Canada.
Long Lake is located one and one half hours from Edmonton along Highway 831, south of the village of Boyle and northeast of the hamlet of Newbrook, within Thorhild County.

The park is situated at an elevation of  and has an area of . It was established on March 25, 1957, and is maintained by the Alberta Parks Division of Alberta Environment and Parks.

Recreation
Recreation activities available at the park include:
Camping, Canoeing/Kayaking, Cross Country Skiing, Downhill Skiing, Fishing, Group Use, Hiking - Front Country, Horseshoes, Ice Fishing, Mountain Biking/Cycling, Power Boating, Sailing, Snowmobiling (Off-site), Swimming and Water Skiing

There is also the Long Lake Ski Area, a downhill and cross country ski area for recreation during the winter months with a chalet and cafe.  A golf course and horse stables are also located nearby.

Facilities and Services
Boat Launch Boat Launch, Change Rooms, Cook Shelters, Fast Food Concession, Firepits, Firewood Sold, Fish Cleaning Stations, Flush Toilets, Golf Course, Grocery/supply store, Hand Launch,   Horseshoe Pitch, Laundry, Pay Phone, Picnic Shelter, Pier, Pit/Vault Toilets, Playground, Power, Sewage Disposal, Showers, Warmup Shelter, Water (TapWater), Wheelchair Accessible

See also
List of provincial parks in Alberta
List of Canadian provincial parks
List of Canadian national parks

References

External links

Provincial parks of Alberta
Thorhild County

Long Lake Provincial Park (Alberta)


Allan Bruce McKinnon, , (11 January 1917 – 19 September 1990) was a Canadian politician.

Born in Canora, Saskatchewan, he served with the Royal Canadian Artillery and was officer with the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. In 1945, he was awarded the Military Cross. After the war, he remained in the Canadian Army. He retired with the rank of major in 1965 and settled in Victoria, British Columbia. He then taught at Sangster Elementary School in Colwood. From 1968 to 1972, he was a trustee and later chairman of the Victoria School Board.

McKinnon was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 federal election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Victoria, British Columbia. He was re-elected on four successive occasions, and served from 1979 to 1980 as Minister of National Defence and Minister of Veterans Affairs in the short-lived minority government of Joe Clark.

McKinnon retired from politics at the 1988 federal election. He died at Royal Jubilee Hospital in Victoria, British Columbia in 1990 due to cancer.

References

External links

1917 births
1990 deaths
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Members of the 21st Canadian Ministry
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
People from Canora, Saskatchewan
Defence ministers of Canada
Politicians from Victoria, British Columbia
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Canadian recipients of the Military Cross
Deaths from cancer in British Columbia

Allan McKinnon


Annetta Johnson Saint-Gaudens (1869–1943) was an American sculptor, born in Flint, Ohio. She is best remembered for creating sculptures of "animals, children (and) fountains", but she also did the finishing carving on a "colossal marble figure", the allegorical sculpture Painting in front of the St. Louis Art Museum. She was also significant in the art world as being the wife of Louis Saint-Gaudens and the sister-in-law of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, with whom she studied and worked as an assistant.

Early years
As a young child Johnson began to draw and then model figures. Eventually her parents, realizing that their daughter had talent that needed to be developed, sent her to the Columbus Art School. She later moved to New York City, where she continued her studies at the Art Students League, studying with John Twachtman and Augustus Saint-Gaudens. In 1894, she joined the studio of Saint-Gaudens as an assistant to help with the commission for the General Logan Monument. In 1898, Annetta married Louis Saint-Gaudens, the brother of Augustus.

Her brother was the sculptor Burt Johnson.

Later life
After their marriage, Annetta and her husband relocated to Annette's hometown of Flint, Ohio. Shortly after, in 1900, Annetta gave birth to their son, Paul. In 1900, Annetta's former teacher, and now brother-in-law, again asked for her assistance in his studio. The couple relocated to Cornish, New Hampshire, where they assisted Augustus with his major sculptural commissions after Augustus was side-lined by a cancer diagnosis. Annetta and Louis set up a home and studio, relocating an old home from a near-by shaker village. Eventually, as their son Paul became interested in ceramics, the family established a pottery kiln on the property known as "Orchard Kiln."

Annetta became actively engaged in the social community of the Cornish Art Colony. She was a member of the Cornish Equal Suffrage. After the death of her husband, Annetta eventually relocated to Claremont, California. She continued to engage with the arts by teaching public school art classes.

Awards
In 1913, Johnson was awarded the McMillin Prize by the Association of Women Painters and Sculptors of New York City.  She received an honorable mention at the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco in 1915. Twenty pieces of her work were shown in a joint exhibition with her husband at the City Art Museum of Saint Louis, in 1917.

References

External links
Louis St. Gaudens Home & Studio: National Register of Historic Places. Connecticut River Joint Commissions.

20th-century American sculptors
19th-century American sculptors
Sculptors from Ohio
1869 births
1943 deaths
People from Franklin County, Ohio
Art Students League of New York alumni
20th-century American women artists
19th-century American women artists
Sculptors from New York (state)
20th-century American women sculptors
19th-century American women sculptors

Annetta Johnson Saint-Gaudens


Kempinski Hotels S.A., commonly known as Kempinski, is a luxury hotel management company headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. Founded in Berlin in 1897 as the Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft, the group currently operates 77 five-star hotels and residences in 35 countries.

History

Kempinski Hotels claims to be Europe's oldest luxury hotel group. Its history began in 1897 with the foundation of the "Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft" in Berlin. A parallel development was that of M. Kempinski & Co, founded by Berthold Kempinski, which was acquired by the "Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft" in 1953.

Berthold Kempinski was born on 10 October 1843 in Posen (then a German province, and now Poland). The Kempinski family was already successfully active in the wine trade from 1862. In 1872 it extended its company to Berlin, where Berthold Kempinski opened a wine merchant's business under his name in the Friedrichstraße. In 1889 he opened a restaurant, the biggest in Berlin, in the Leipziger Straße.

Since Berthold Kempinski and his wife Helena had no son, they invited their son-in-law Richard Unger (1866–1947) to join the business. Berthold Kempinski finally transferred the firm to his son-in-law on condition that he kept the name Kempinski. Berthold Kempinski died on March 14, 1910.

Alongside his wine and restaurant activities, Richard Unger developed his property business up to the start of World War I. After a short period of stagnation during the War, he sold products of his own manufacture under the brand name Kempinski. The business in Berlin flourished so that in 1918, a Kempinski hotel dependency was established at 27 Kurfürstendamm, where the Kempinski Hotel Bristol now stands. Ten years later, M. Kempinski & Co. took over the "Haus Vaterland" on the Potsdamer Platz, where the firm exploited a concept that was unique in Berlin for a long time and is still known as "event gastronomy" ("Erlebnisgastronomie").

To escape the events of World War II, Richard Unger and his family emigrated to the United States and the firm M. Kempinski & Co became part of Aschinger AG.

The Restaurant at 27 Kurfürstendamm was destroyed by fire shortly before the end of the War, and the other properties fell victim to bombing raids. After the end of the conflict, Richard Unger's son and Berthold Kempinski's grandson, Dr Friedrich Unger, returned to Germany. In 1951 construction started on a hotel on the site of the ruined restaurant at 27 Kurfürstendamm, and it opened a year later under the name Hotel Kempinski. For 20 years the modern, progressive five-star hotel enjoyed the undisputed status of the sole luxury hotel in Berlin.

In 1953 Dr Friedrich Unger sold his shares and the name Kempinski to the "Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft", which already ran hotels such as the Baltic, the Bristol and the Kaiserhof. The name Bristol was adopted and is still used at the Kempinski Hotel at 27 Kurfürstendamm. In subsequent years, the "Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft" took over the management of several famous hotels. In 1957 it acquired the luxurious Hotel Atlantic in Hamburg.

In 1970 the General Assembly of the "Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft" voted to change its name to "Kempinski Hotelbetriebs-Aktiengesellschaft". In the same year, a long-lasting partnership was established with Lufthansa in the form of a 50-per cent participation in the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten in Munich, in which Lufthansa already had a holding. In 1977 the hotel company received its present name as "Kempinski Aktiengesellschaft (AG)". At the same time, the Kempinski Hotel Frankfurt Gravenbruch was added to the group's portfolio as its fourth German hotel.

In 1985, Lufthansa acquired shares in Kempinski AG and thereby enabled the hotel company to operate Kempinski hotels abroad too. A year later, Kempinski AG, Lufthansa and the finance company Rolaco S.A. founded Kempinski Hotels S.A., with its head office in Geneva. In 1993 Kempinski AG acquired all the shares in Kempinski S.A.

The Bangkok-based Dusit Sindhorn Company Ltd took over Kempinski in November 1994, when it acquired a 52% stake. The 50:50 joint venture between Dusit Thani Group, and the Siam Commercial Bank eventually accumulated an 83% stake in the group, and Dusit Thani exited from the joint venture in 1998 when it sold out to its partner.

In February 2017, the two existing shareholders of Kempinski AG formalized previous plans for an equity transfer between them. The majority shares of Kempinski AG are held by the existing Bahraini shareholder while the shareholder from Thailand holds a minority.
In the same month, Kempinski announced the opening of its first luxury hotel in Cuba.

Kempinski Hotels worldwide
Kempinski Hotels' portfolio currently comprises 77 hotels and residences worldwide. With the exception of the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten Kempinski in Munich, which belongs to the group, and two hotels with leasing contracts, Kempinski Hotels operates its luxury hotels and residences under management contracts.

Global Hotel Alliance
Kempinski is a founding member of the Global Hotel Alliance (GHA) which was founded in Geneva in 2004. Members of GHA's DISCOVERY loyalty programme receive recognition and rewards across more than 570 hotels, resorts, palaces and spas in 35 brands of hotels across 85 countries.

Social responsibility
As an internationally active company, Kempinski has introduced its own corporate social responsibility programme. In this respect the company is primarily committed in the areas of health and safety. In addition, individual Kempinski Hotels support social projects in specific locations to improve public welfare and justice locally.

BE Health
Kempinski is a founding member of BE Health, a non-profit association, duly organised and existing under Swiss law, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. BE Health facilitates awareness-raising programmes, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases for its corporate sector members, their employees, families and local communities. Kempinski believes that business can make a positive impact in limiting the spread of infectious diseases. BE has the support of the WHO, The Global Fund, and many other well-known partners.

References

Further reading
 "Second Swiss opening for Kempinski." Caterer and Hotelkeeper. 23 January 2003. Volume 192, Issue 4257, p. 8. Available at EBSCOHost.

External links

 Global Hotel Alliance

Hotel chains
Hospitality companies established in 1897
Kempinski Hotels
Companies based in Geneva
1897 establishments in Germany
Hospitality companies of Switzerland
Hotels in Geneva

Kempinski


Marmarica (, ) in ancient geography was a littoral area in Ancient Libya, located between Cyrenaica and Aegyptus. It corresponds to what is now the Libya and Egypt frontier, including the towns of Bomba (ancient Phthia), Timimi (ancient Paliurus), Tobruk (ancient Antipyrgus), Acroma (ancient Gonia),  Bardiya, As-Salum, and Sidi Barrani (ancient Zygra). The territory stretched to the far south, encompassing the Siwa Oasis, which at the time was known for its sanctuary to the deity Amun. The eastern part of Marmarica, by some geographers considered a separate district between Marmarica and Aegyptus, was known as Libycus Nomus. In late antiquity, Marmarica was also known as Libya Inferior, while Cyrenaica was known as Libya Superior.

Libya is found in Africa and is  located west of the Nile, more precisely west of the mouth of the Nile at Canopus. The Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax names the Adyrmachidae as the first people of Libya (Africa).
Marmarica proper was delimited towards the east by the escarpment of  Catabathmus Magnus, now known as Akabah el-Kebir, at Salum.

Under the Roman Empire, Marmarica included the Libycus Nomus, located between the Catabathmus and the Bay of Plinthine (Sinus Plinthinetes). This area had formerly been considered part of Egypt. The city of Paraetonium (also Ammonia, modern Mersa Matruh) was the westernmost town of Egypt, for which reason it together with Pelusium was known as the "horns of Egypt". About 10 stadia west of Paraetonium was Apis, marking the border to the Libyan Nomos. Menelaus Portus (near modern Zawiyat Umm Rukbah), according to tradition founded by Menelaus, was known as the site of the death of Agesilaus II.

The inhabitants of Marmarica were known generically as Marmaridae (Μαρμαρίδαι), but they are given the special names of
Adyrmachidae (Ἀδυρμαχίδαι) and Giligammae (Γιλιγάμμαι and Γιλιγάμβαι) in the coastal districts, and of Nasamones (Νασαμῶνες) and Augilae (Αὔγιλαι and Αὐγιλίται) in the interior.
The Adyrmachidae are said to have differed considerably from the nomadic tribes of the country, strongly resembling the Egyptians.
The territory south of the Libyan Nomos was inhabited by the Ammonii (Ἀμμώνιοι), centered on the celebrated and fertile oasis of Ammon (Siwa)

Both Cyrenaica and Marmarica were included in  the diocese of Egypt in the 4th century, within the larger Praetorian prefecture of the East (while Tripolitania was in the Praetorian prefecture of Italy).

Episcopal sees

Ancient episcopal sees of the Roman province of Marmarica or Libya Inferior listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:

For the sees of Libya Superior see Cyrenaica.

See also
North Africa during Antiquity
Butnan District
Matrouh Governorate
Libyan Desert

References

External links
Charles Anthon, A system of ancient and mediæval geography for the use of schools and colleges, Harper & brothers, 1855, 722-224.
George Kish, A Source book in geography, Harvard University Press, 1978, , p. 24.
Leonhard Schmitz, A manual of ancient geography, Blanchard and Lea, 1857, 383-384.

Geographic history of Egypt
Geographic history of Libya
Historical regions

Marmarica


Saul Singer is formerly the editorial page editor at The Jerusalem Post, Singer co-wrote with Dan Senor Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle, a best-seller which investigates Israel's innovative prowess.

Biography
Saul Singer served as an adviser in the United States Congress to the House Foreign Affairs and Senate Banking Committees.In 1994, he immigrated to Israel. He is married to Wendy Singer. They reside in Jerusalem with their three daughters; Noa, Tamar and Yarden.

In 1987, Singer's brother Alexander, an IDF Lieutenant, was killed at the age of 25 during an Israeli military operation in Lebanon. He died trying to rescue his downed company commander. Alex Singer's journal became a book. Saul dedicated Start-up Nation to the memory of his fallen brother.

Journalism and literary career
Singer is a columnist and former editorial page editor at The Jerusalem Post. He has also been published in The Wall Street Journal, Commentary, Moment, The New Leader and The Washington Post blog "PostGlobal".

Along with Dan Senor, Singer co-authored Start-up Nation, published in 2009. The book was highly acclaimed, ranking fifth on the business best-seller list of The New York Times in 2010.

In 2003, Singer authored another book: Confronting Jihad: Israel's Struggle and the World After 9/11. The book collects many of his columns and unsigned editorials written for The Jerusalem Post between 1997 and the summer of 2003. Reviewing Confronting Jihad in National Review, contributing editor Mackubin Thomas Owens writes, "9/11 and terrorist attacks against Israel form a seamless garment, both being motivated by the same hatred. No one has done a better job of demonstrating this point than Saul Singer... Americans who wish to understand the reality of Israel's war against terrorism and its connection to our own struggle should read this fine collection of essays."

Published works
 Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle (2009)
 Confronting Jihad: Israel's Struggle & The World After 9/11 (2003)

References

External links
 Saul Singer on Twitter
 Saul Singer's profile at The Washington Post PostGlobal blog

American emigrants to Israel
American male journalists
American civil servants
American political writers
Israeli Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli political writers
Jewish American writers
Living people
The Jerusalem Post people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews

Saul Singer


Keith H. Steinkraus (1918–2007) was an American food scientist who was well known in food fermentation which led to the growth of soy-based foods. He also was involved in bacterial diseases used in the control of European chafer and Japanese beetles in New York state.

Career
A native of Minnesota, Steinkraus graduated cum laude (B.A.) from the University of Minnesota in 1939 and earned his Ph.D. in microbiology in 1951 from Iowa State University in 1951. He would stay at Iowa State for one year before joining Cornell University and the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station (NYSAES) in 1952.
He was promoted to full professor in 1962  at Cornell and NYSAES and retired as professor emeritus in 1988, although he remained active in his field and at Cornell for many years afterward.

During his career, Steinkraus's research would focus on the microbial, chemical, and nutritional changes occurring in fermented foods. At Cornell, the experience of mentoring students who had come from Asia, Central America and Africa to study the microbiology of their native foods prompted Steinkraus to study fermented foods, including  tempeh, soy sauce, soy milk, tape, trahanas, idli/dosa and the fermented fish sauces (List of fish sauces; List of fish pastes)and soy products of the Far East, including miso and tofu.

He was the first researcher to obtain sporulation of Bacillus popillae in a fermentation medium.

He published over 180 scientific papers, edited three books, and earned seven patents. His "Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods," published in 1983, was the first comprehensive and authoritative book on the subject.

After his retirement from Cornell, Steinkraus acted as a consulting microbiologist worldwide, especially in Asia.

Honors and awards
American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow.
American Academy of Microbiology Fellow.
Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) International Award - 1985.
((IFT Fellow - 1987.
International Academy of Food Science and Technology Charter Fellow - 1999.

Selected work
Steinkraus, K.H. (2004). Industrialization of Indigenous Fermented Foods, Second Edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

References
"Steinkraus named fellow of IUFoST's International Academy of Food Science and Technology". Food Technology. November 1999. p. 28.

External links
List of IFT fellows
List of IFT past award winners
 Professor Emeritus Keith H. Steinkraus dies at age 89

((Category: Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology/Steinkraus,Keith H.))

1918 births
American food scientists
American microbiologists
Cornell University faculty
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the Institute of Food Technologists
Iowa State University alumni
Iowa State University faculty
Scientists from Iowa
Scientists from Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
2007 deaths

Keith H. Steinkraus


is an art festival which started in 2009. Started by the local government, it is held every three years in Niigata City, Japan. The main theme of the festival is "Where have we come from, and where are we going? - From Niigata's Water and Land: Examining the Future through the Present and the Past -." It aims to explore how local culture in Niigata has been influenced by the water and land in the area, and at the same time, it also asks participants to reflect upon the relationship between nature and humanity. Niigata has always been known as "a place of meeting between water and land", as it is situated between two major rivers in Japan, the Shinano and the Agano, and is known as for its wetlands and rice-growing regions. It also illustrates the respect for the wisdom of Niigata residents' predecessors overcoming natural disasters.

History

Water and Land Niigata Art Festival 2015
Date Saturday, June 18 - Monday, October 12, 2015 (total 87 days)

Location

 Main Fields: Toyanogata, Fukushimagata, Sakata and Uwasekigata
 Base Camp: Former Futaba Junior High School
 Satellite Festival Locations: Tenjuen Garden and IKUTOPIA SHOKU HANA (Food & Flower Complex)

Participating artists

 Eisaku Andou
 Katsumi Asaba
 /BONBORI Lighting Architect & Associates, Inc.
 Atelier Bow-Wow
 Dot architects (Toshikatsu Ienari + Takeshi Shakushiro + Wataru Doi)
 Takashi Fujino / Ikimono Architects
 Anne Graham
 Guan Huai Bin
 Katsuhiko Hibino
 Naoki Ishikawa
 Yukihisa Isobe
 Masahide Kakudate
 Kimio Tsuchiya Art Project Team (Tadayuki Tahara + Kohsuke Kimura)
 Masayuki Kishimoto
 Chie Konno
 Shunsuke Kurakata
 Noriaki Maeda
 Junko Maruyama × Hukazawa Art Laboratory Planting Labo Cabu
 Miki Maruyama+Akira Hasegawa
 Yuuki Minamikawa
 Noism 0
 Noism 1
 Noism 2
 Shohei Oka + Kenraku Tokumoto
 Yoshihide Ohtomo
 Rica Ohya
 Oscar Oiwa
 Jaume Plensa
 Koichi Sakao
 Tetsuo Sekine
 【SHELTER】project GOZU-NS
 Yee Sookyung
 Yoichi Takada
 Nobuyuki Takahashi
 Team Monolith
 Mariko Tomomasa
 u ru sa☆nai
 Wang Wen-Chih
 World Dirt Association
 Xiao Xiao
 Yuri Miyauchi
 Yukihiro Yoshihara

Water and Land Niigata Art Festival 2018
Water and Land Niigata Art Festival 2018 (in Japanese also called "水と土の芸術祭2018") marked the 4th "Water and Land – Niigata Art Festival".

 Date: 14/07/2018–08/10/2018 (87 days)
 Venues: Bandaijima Multipurpose Plaza (main venue); Niigata City Center for Creative Arts and International Youth Exchange, and others at various locations within Niigata City (satellite venues)
 General Director: Arata Tani
 Organisers: Water and Land Niigata Art Festival 2018 Execution Committee
 This exhibition worked with artists inside and outside Japan, and the participation of citizens of Niigata.
List of participating artists:

 Shin Morikita
 Navin Rawanchaikul
 Yasuaki Onishi
 Shiro Matsui
 Kosho Ito
 Chiharu Shiota
 Toshikatsu Endo
 Takahiro Iwasaki
 Ryoichi Majima
 Jaume Plensa
 Miho Takamizawa
 Enpei Ito
 Fumito Urabe
 Kiyoko Sakata
 Kenichi Ushikubo
 Satoshi Kakuchi
 Motohiro Tomii
 Enpei Ito
 Miho Takamizawa
 Chika Ito
 Yoo, Geun-Taek
 Kei Arai
 Sergey Vasenkin
 Han Ishu
 Syoin Kajii
 Toshikatsu Endo
 Akiko Ikeuchi
 Tadasu Yamamoto
 Noe Aok
 Chisen Furukawa
 Satoru Hoshino
 Chie Aoki
 Satoru Hoshino
 Kei Arai×Yoo, Geun-Taek
 Satoru Hoshino
 Chisen Furukawa
 Yuki Minamikawa
 Guan Huai Bin
 Tatsumi Orimoto
 Han Ishu
 Terue Yamauchi
 Noe Aoki
 Yukihisa Isobe
 Katsuhiko Hibino
 Yoichi Takada
 Kimio Tsuchiya APT
 Katsumi Asaba

Number of visitors: approximately 717,000 people

References

Further reading

Festivals in Japan
Niigata (city)

Water and Land Niigata Art Festival


Kevin Eastler (born October 14, 1977) is an American race walker. He is a four-time U.S. 20-km race walking champion (2003, 2006, 2007, and 2008), a 2007 U.S. 50-km race walking champion, and a 30-km record holder at the 2006 U.S. Outdoor Track & Field Championships. Eastler is also a captain of the United States Air Force, and is assigned to the 566th Intelligence Squadron at Buckley Air Force Base in Aurora, Colorado.

Early life and education
Eastler, a native of Farmington, Maine, started race walking at the age of nine, following in the footsteps of his father Tom, and his sister Gretchen, both of whom were competitive walkers. He earned numerous age group records and All-American titles, before entering the United States Air Force Academy in the summer of 1995. During his first three years, Eastler focused his efforts on academics and cross-country skiing. Upon reaching his senior year, he started training again with race walking, qualifying for the World Cup, and finishing fifth at the national championships. In 1999, Eastler graduated with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, and a commission as second lieutenant in the Air Force.

Professional career
After graduating from the academy, Eastler spent his first assignment with the World Class Athlete Program in Chula Vista, California. Training full-time for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, he finished in second place at the U.S. Olympic Trials, but was denied a spot on the United States team, as he failed to achieve an A-qualifying standard time. Eastler stopped race walking for over a year until he was reassigned to Francis E. Warren Air Force Base in Cheyenne, Wyoming.

In 2003, Eastler reached his breakthrough season by winning the race walk at the U.S. Outdoor Track & Field Championships, with a time of 1:23:52. He also posted a huge personal best in the men's 20 km walk at the IAAF World Championships in Paris, France, by placing eighteenth, tying the highest finish ever by a U.S. walker in the event, with his time of 1:22:25. Because of his outstanding achievement in the sport, Eastler was named the Male Athlete of the Year by the U.S. Air Force.

Eastler qualified for the second time at the 2004 U.S. Olympic Trials in Sacramento, California, where he finished third in the 20 km race walk, with a time of 1:28:39. Having achieved an A-standard time from the IAAF World Championships, he earned a spot on the United States team for his first Olympics.

At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Eastler competed as a member of the U.S. track and field team in the men's 20 km race walk, along with his teammates Tim Seaman and John Nunn. He finished twenty-first in this event by three seconds behind Seaman, with a time of 1:25:20.

In 2006, Eastler set a record-breaking time of 2:12:53 at the U.S. 30-km Race Walk Championships in Chula Vista, California. He also claimed his second U.S. championship title, and posted three fastest times by an American in the 20 km race walk. Eastler ended his season as being ranked no. 1 in the United States at the distance for the second time in his career, and the first since 2003.

In 2007, Eastler established himself as America's preeminent male race walker. He won his third consecutive title in the 20 km and added the 50 km title, with a personal best time of 4:05:44 at the U.S. Outdoor Track & Field Championships. He also competed at the IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan, where he finished twenty-eighth in the 20 km race walk, and thirty-first in the 50 km, posting his time of 1:28:29 and 4:31:52, respectively.

Eastler earned a spot on the United States team for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by winning the race walk at the U.S. Olympic Trials in Eugene, Oregon, with an A-standard time of 1:22:56. Eastler competed as a lone athlete in the men's 20 km race walk, where he successfully finished the race in forty-third place by nineteen seconds behind Kazakhstan's Rustam Kuvatov, with a time of 1:28:44.

Personal bests

All information taken from IAAF profile.

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
People from Farmington, Maine
Sportspeople from Aurora, Colorado
Track and field athletes from Maine
American male racewalkers
Olympic track and field athletes for the United States
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
United States Air Force World Class Athlete Program
United States Air Force Athlete of the Year

Kevin Eastler


Firat Ayverdi is a Kurdish film actor, born in 1990, best known for his lead role as young Bilal in French director Philippe Lioret's film Welcome about illegal immigration, a film that co-stars French actor Vincent Lindon.

In 2010, Ayverdi was nominated for the prestigious French César Awards "Meilleur espoir masculin" (Most Promising Male Actor) for his role. But the award went to Tahar Rahim for his role in A Prophet.

His sister Derya Ayverdi is also an actress and has appeared in the same film Welcome.

References

External links

Kurdish male actors
1990 births
Living people

Firat Ayverdi


Emperor Shao of Liu Song ((劉)宋少帝; 406 – 4 August 424), also known by his post-removal title Prince of Yingyang (營陽王), personal name Liu Yifu (劉義符), childhood name Chebing (車兵), was an emperor of the Chinese Liu Song dynasty. He was the oldest son of the founding emperor, Emperor Wu, and became emperor after his father's death in 422. The officials whom his father left in charge of the government became convinced that he was unfit to govern, and so deposed and killed him in 424, making his more-capable younger brother Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen) the emperor.

During Jin Dynasty
Liu Yifu was born in 406, when his father Liu Yu was already a paramount general of Jin and effectively regent.  His mother was Liu Yu's concubine Consort Zhang.  He was Liu Yu's oldest son.

As Liu Yu consolidated his power, he began to bestow on Liu Yifu increasingly more nominal authority, although Liu Yu had his subordinates actually carry out the duties that Liu Yifu would otherwise be expected to carry out.  In 415, he was officially made heir apparent of Liu Yu's dukedom of Yuzhang and made the governor of Yan Province (兗州, then modern central Jiangsu).  In 416, he was made the governor of Yu Province (豫州, then modern central Anhui).  Later that year, he was again made the governor of Yan Province, but also the governor of Xu Province (徐州, modern northern Jiangsu).  Then, in the fall, as Liu Yu launched a major campaign to attack Later Qin, Liu Yifu was made the defender of the capital Jiankang, even though it was Liu Muzhi () who had actual authority.

In 417, after Liu Yu had destroyed Later Qin and annexed its territory, Liu Muzhi died.  Liu Yu then withdrew, leaving the former Later Qin capital Chang'an in the hands of Liu Yifu's younger brother Liu Yizhen () the Duke of Guiyang, but again with generals and officials actually in charge.  In 418, after he had reached Pengcheng (彭城, in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), he considered making Liu Yifu the governor of Jing Province (荊州, roughly modern Hubei), but at the counsel of Zhang Shao () that Liu Yifu, as the heir, should not be sent away from Jiankang, that post was given to Liu Yilong instead.  When Liu Yu accepted the greater title of Duke of Song that year, Liu Yifu became the heir apparent to his dukedom, and in 419, after he was created the Prince of Song, Liu Yifu was given the special honor to be known as Crown Prince of Song.  It was also around this time that he married Emperor Gong of Jin's daughter Sima Maoying the Princess Haiyan.

During Emperor Wu's reign
After Liu Yu seized the throne from Emperor Gong and established Liu Song (as its Emperor Wu) in 420, he created Liu Yifu crown prince.

By 422, Emperor Wu was ill.  His official Xie Hui saw that Crown Prince Yifu was often spending time with people lacking in abilities and virtue, and warned Emperor Wu about it.  Emperor Wu considered making Liu Yizhen the Prince of Luling crown prince instead. Xie, however, after meeting with Liu Yizhen, had an even worse opinion of Liu Yizhen, and so Emperor Wu stopped considering so.

As Emperor Wu grew seriously ill later that year, he entrusted Crown Prince Yifu to Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Xie Hui, and Tan Daoji.  At the same time, however, he secretly warned Crown Prince Yifu that Xie was such a quick thinker that he could not be trusted greatly.  He then died, and Crown Prince Yifu took the throne as Emperor Shao.

Reign
Emperor Shao honored his stepgrandmother Xiao Wenshou as grand empress dowager, and he created his wife Crown Princess Sima Maoying as empress.  The matters of the central government were largely in the hands of Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Hui.

One immediate matter that needed to be dealt with was that Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei, hearing of Emperor Wu's death, launched a major attack on Liu Song and crossed the Yellow River.  In winter 422, Northern Wei forces captured Huatai (滑台, in modern Anyang, Henan).  In spring 423, they captured Luoyang.  Tan Daoji was dispatched to try to save the northern cities, and he was able to save Shandong Peninsula from falling, but by summer 423, the last major Liu Song outpost on the Yellow River, Hulao (虎牢, in modern Zhengzhou, Henan), had fallen, along with Xuchang.  Only then did Northern Wei stop its advances.

In fall 423, Emperor Shao honored his mother Consort Zhang as empress dowager.

By 424, Xu, Fu, and Xie had grown increasingly dissatisfied with Emperor Shao as an emperor, as Emperor Shao had failed to follow the proper behavior during the three-year mourning period for his father, but spent most of his time on games and pleasure rather than on studies and important matters of state, despite encouragement from his official Fan Tai ().  They therefore considered deposing him, but they were also dissatisfied with the next ranked son of Emperor Wu, Liu Yizhen, who was talented but was even more frivolous than Emperor Shao in his behavior, often spending time with other talented but frivolous men, including Xie Lingyun and Yan Yanzhi () and often requesting the imperial government to supply him with more and more money.  They therefore stoked the rivalry that Emperor Shao already had with Liu Yizhen and then accused Liu Yizhen of crimes, and Emperor Shao reduced Liu Yizhen to commoner status and exiled him to Xin'an Commandery (新安, roughly modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

With Liu Yizhen out of the way, Xu, Fu, and Xie prepared to remove Emperor Shao as well.  Because they were apprehensive about the powerful armies that Tan and Wang Hong had, they summoned Tan and Wang to the capital and then informed them of the plot.  They then sent soldiers into the palace to arrest Emperor Shao, after first persuading the imperial guards not to resist.  Before Emperor Shao could get up from bed in the morning, the soldiers were already in his bedchamber, and he made a futile attempt to resist, but was captured.  He was sent back to his old palace.  The officials then, in the name of Empress Dowager Zhang, declared Emperor Shao's faults and demoted him to Prince of Yingyang, offering the throne to his younger brother Liu Yilong Prince of Yidu instead.

After removal
Liu Yifu was exiled to Wu Commandery (roughly modern Suzhou, Jiangsu) and kept under secure guard.  One month later, Xu Xianzhi sent the assassin Xing Antai () to assassinate the former emperor. Liu Yifu was still a strong man, and he fought his way out of the capital of Wu Commandery, but he was eventually chased down and knocked to the ground with a doorknob, and then killed.

Though Liu Yifu died sonless, in 429, Liu Lang, the eldest son of his younger brother Liu Yigong, was designated as his heir.

Family
Consorts:
 Princess consort, of the Sima clan of Henei (; 403–439), personal name Maoying ()

Ancestry

References

Liu Song emperors
406 births
424 deaths
Jin dynasty (266–420) people
People from Zhenjiang

Emperor Shao of Song


Bruce William Biddle (born 2 November 1948 in Warkworth) is a former road racing cyclist from New Zealand, who was a professional rider from 1974 to 1979. He won the gold medal in the men's individual road race at the 1970 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, Scotland.

He represented his native country at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, where he came fourth in the men's individual road race. Although Jaime Huelamo from Spain, who came third, was disqualified for failing a drug test, the bronze medal was not awarded to Biddle as he had not been tested for drugs.

Career highlights

1969
 National Road Race Champion
 1st Overall Dulux Tour of the North Island
1970
 1st Commonwealth Games Road Race
1971
 2nd, Stage 11 Milk Race, Bognor Regis (GBR)
1972
 4th, Olympic Road Race
1974
 3rd, Giro del Lazio (ITA)
1976
 3rd, Stage 5 part b Tirreno - Adriatico (ITA)
 2nd, Stage 7 Tour de Suisse, Lausanne (SUI)
 2nd, Stage 8 Tour de Suisse, Solothurn (SUI)
 2nd, Möhlin (SUI)
1978
 34th, GC Giro d'Italia (ITA)

References

External links
 Profile New Zealand Olympic Committee
 NZ Herald

1949 births
Living people
New Zealand male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for New Zealand
Cyclists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
Cyclists from Auckland
People from Warkworth, New Zealand
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
20th-century New Zealand people
Medallists at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games

Bruce Biddle


The Construction Holiday () is the most popular time for summer vacations in Québec, Canada.

In 1970, Québec legislated an annual holiday for the construction industry that begins on the second-last Sunday of July and lasts for two weeks. The holiday officially came into effect in the summer of 1971.

Many Québécois outside the construction industry also take their holidays during that time. It is thus the busiest time of year for the tourism industry, with an increase of up to 40% of visitors at some sites.

External links
 Official website

Holidays in Quebec
July observances
August observances
Holidays and observances by scheduling (nth weekday of the month)
Sunday observances
Summer events in Canada

Construction Holiday (Quebec)


Joseph Gaspard Boucher (February 3, 1897 – April 18, 1955) was a journalist and political figure in New Brunswick, Canada. He represented Madawaska County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1935 to 1952 and Restigouche—Madawaska in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1953 to 1955.

Known as Gaspard, he was born in Notre-Dame-du-Portage, Quebec and studied at the agricultural college at Sainte-Anne-de-La-Pocatière and McDonald College (now the Macdonald Campus of McGill University) at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue. He worked as an agronomist for some time before moving to Edmundston, New Brunswick in 1920 where he became manager of the Royal Hotel acquired by his father.

Gaspard Boucher married Annette Lamarche in 1921. The couple had nine children.

Gaspard Boucher was involved with the Société nationale des Acadiens and was one of the founders of the New Brunswick chapter of the Ordre de Jacques Cartier, an organization dedicated to defending the rights of Francophones. Gaspard aided in the establishment of credit unions in the Madawaska region and the Knights of Columbus branch in the city of Edmundston.

In 1923, Boucher became owner-editor of Le Madawaska newspaper. Boucher served in the province's Executive Council as a minister without portfolio from 1941 to 1949 and as Provincial Secretary-Treasurer from August 10, 1949 to October 8, 1952.

Gaspard Boucher died of a heart attack at the age of 58.

References

 Fonds J-Gaspard Boucher, University of Moncton Archives (French)
 Village Historique Acadien article on Gaspard Boucher
SAVOIE, Alexandre J. «Biographie de J. Gaspard Boucher», Revue de la Société historique du Madawaska, Vol. XII, Nos. 1-2, Janvier-juin 1984, 72 pages.

1897 births
1955 deaths
French Quebecers
20th-century Canadian legislators
20th-century Canadian newspaper publishers (people)
Canadian newspaper publishers (people)
Canadian agronomists
Members of the Executive Council of New Brunswick
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from New Brunswick
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
People from Edmundston
People from Bas-Saint-Laurent
Canadian Roman Catholics
New Brunswick Liberal Association MLAs
Finance ministers of New Brunswick
20th-century agronomists

Joseph Gaspard Boucher


Evolution Day is a celebration to commemorate the anniversary of the initial publication of On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin on 24 November 1859. Such celebrations have been held for over a century, but the specific term "Evolution Day" for the anniversary appears to be a neologism which was coined prior to 1997. By highlighting Darwin's contributions to science, the day's events are used to educate about evolutionary biology. It is similar to the better-known Darwin Day, held on the anniversary of his birth (12 February 1809). It is unrelated to the secularization campaign by the Giordano Bruno Foundation to have the German public holiday of Ascension Day renamed to "Evolutionstag" (Evolution Day).

Commemorations

1909, the 50th anniversary of the publication of On The Origin of Species and the 100th anniversary of Darwin's birth, saw several major events celebrating both. At Cambridge, more than 400 scientists and dignitaries from 167 countries met in a widely reported event of public interest to honour Darwin's contributions and discuss the latest discoveries and ideas related to evolution, the New York Academy of Sciences held a celebration at the American Museum of Natural History,
and the Royal Society of New Zealand held an event with "a very large attendance".

The Darwin Centennial Celebration (1959) had a major, well publicised event from 24–28 November at the University of Chicago.

In 2009, the BBC aired BBC Darwin Season, a series of television and radio programs, to celebrate Darwin's bicentenary and the 150th anniversary of the publication of the Origin.

See also

 Evolution Sunday

References

External links

Charles Darwin celebrations
November observances
Unofficial observances

Evolution Day


Charles Melville (1828 – January 5, 1867) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War and a recipient of the U.S. military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor, for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Born in 1828 in Dover, New Hampshire, Melville's birth name was James Ramsbottom. He joined the Navy from his hometown of Dover and served during the Civil War as an ordinary seaman on Admiral David Farragut's flagship, the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864, he was wounded by an artillery shell but returned to his post manning one of Hartford's guns for the remainder of the battle. For this action, he was awarded the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Melville's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On board the flagship U.S.S. Hartford during action against rebel gunboats, the ram Tennessee, and Fort Morgan in Mobile Bay, 5 August 1864. Wounded and taken below to the surgeon when a shell burst between the two forward 9-inch guns, killing and wounding 15 men, Melville promptly returned to his gun on the deck and, although scarcely able to stand, refused to go below and continued to man his post throughout the remainder of the action resulting in the capture of the rebel ram Tennessee.

Melville died on January 5, 1867, at age 38 or 39 and was buried in Rochester, New Hampshire. His Medal of Honor is held by the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.

References

External links

1828 births
1867 deaths
People from Dover, New Hampshire
People of New Hampshire in the American Civil War
Union Navy sailors
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor

Charles Melville


Uswitch Limited is a UK-based price comparison service and switching website founded in 2000.  The site allows consumers to compare prices for a range of energy, personal finance, insurance, and communications services.

History

uSwitch.com was founded by Lord Milford Haven in September 2000 with an initial £4 million investment to take advantage of the UK's deregulated gas and electricity markets. He partnered with Andrew Salmon, George Milford Haven and Vipul Amin. The company subsequently expanded into the telephony and communications markets in 2001. In the same year, it also bought competitor buy.co.uk followed by local community information website UpMyStreet.com in 2003.

uSwitch.com was itself acquired by US media conglomerate, E.W. Scripps Company in March 2006 for £210 million ($366 million). The purchase added a second freestanding interactive media business to its portfolio alongside leading US product price comparison site, Shopzilla.

In February 2008, E.W. Scripps Company recorded a $411 million pre-tax charge related to the uSwitch acquisition, contributing to an overall $256 million loss for Scripps in the last quarter of 2007. The scale of the write-down reflects more realistic revenue expectations due to lower-than-expected levels of switching.

In December 2009, uSwitch was acquired by forwarding Internet Group for $10.3 million in cash. Forward is a privately funded collection of internet-based businesses focused on consumer engagement and innovation.  Forward3D is the group's 3D search agency (formerly known as TrafficBroker) and Forward Innovations is the consumer division that focuses on price comparison and switching, including brands such as InvisibleHand and Omio.

In June 2011, uSwitch acquired Top10.com. 2011 also saw uSwitch enter the Irish market with uSwitch.ie, which operates in the same way as the UK but currently offers switching services for broadband, TV, phone, and energy services and not insurance or financial services.

In August 2013, LDC backed an MBO of uSwitch, the private equity firm acquired a significant stake in the business with forwarding Internet Group retaining a substantial minority holding. Both investors aligned with the existing management team who have a minority holding in the business.

On 30 April 2015, the property website firm Zoopla agreed to purchase uSwitch from LDC for £160 million.

In 2018, Red Ventures and the investment firm Silverlake purchased Uswitch from the property giant Zoopla to create RVU, a family of brands of which Uswitch is now a part.

Business model
uSwitch.com is a free, online comparison and switching service, that helps consumers compare prices on energy, finance, insurance, and other services. There are no direct costs to consumers for the service, the company instead receives a commission from some suppliers when a customer chooses to switch to them. uSwitch provides several mechanisms designed to increase suppliers' visibility for a fee.

uSwitch.com was the first comparison website to achieve the Plain English Campaign's Internet Crystal Mark  It also hosts guides advising the public on how to save money and releases research covering technology, the energy market, and financial developments.

uSwitch.com also has a London-based call centre and a Freepost 'Send us your bill' service, where customers can post their latest energy bills to receive comparison advice.

In January 2018, the company launched a campaign featuring Channel 4 presenter Rachel Riley in Winkleigh, Devon.

Accreditation
uSwitch is accredited under the Ofgem Confidence Code, a voluntary code of practice for online domestic price comparison services. uSwitch was involved in the formation of the Confidence Code in 2002 with Consumer Focus, which managed the code until Ofgem took over in 2013. uSwitch.com was previously accredited by Consumer Focus, and played a role in the industry consultation which led to the establishment of a voluntary code of practice—the Energywatch Confidence Code (now known as the Consumer Focus Confidence Code)—in 2002.

The September 2007 minutes of the Consumer Focus Management Board Meeting, and press reports, show that the company was asked by Consumer Focus to change how it displays comparison results and information so that consumers receive unbiased results. The company complied with these requests and has remained accredited.

In Ofgem's (Office of Gas and Electricity Markets) September 2013 audit of the uSwitch.com website, it scored 100% for each of the nine code of practice requirements of the Confidence Code.

Partners and affiliates
Major partners include Yahoo, AOL, Orange, Virgin Media, People's Champion and Johnston Press.

See also
Moneysupermarket.com
Go.Compare
Comparethemarket.com
Confused.com

References

External links

Vehicle insurance
Financial services companies established in 2000
Internet properties established in 2000
Companies based in the London Borough of Southwark
Online retailers of the United Kingdom
Comparison shopping websites
British companies established in 2000
Red Ventures

Uswitch


WOAS is an American educational high school radio station that broadcasts a variety style music format on 88.5 MHz.  The studio and transmitter tower is located at the Ontonagon Area School building. The Ontonagon Area School District holds ownership and U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensing for the station.  Operation of the station is conducted by an all volunteer staff that includes students of the Ontonagon Area Schools and local community members.

Hours
WOAS broadcasts on weekdays from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. ET during the school year. The station also does selective broadcasting in August in conjunction with the Porcupine Mountains Music Festival, held at the Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park.

Station office hours are on weekdays from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. ET during the school year. The station office is located within the Ontonagon Area School building.

Programming
WOAS features on-air student disc jockey programs typically in one-hour blocks from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. After 3:30 p.m., the station features an assortment of on-air disc jockey programs hosted by local community members and syndicated  shows. Weekly syndicated shows include: "Beale Street Caravan", "Midnight Special", "PorkiesFest Radio", "Dr Duck's Rx for Guitar", "Woodsongs Old Time Radio Hour", "Acooustic Rainbow" and a variety of artists from the "Home Grown Music Network."

The variety format allows students and community staff to program their personal preference of genre during their respective on-air shows as long as it complies with the "terms-of-broadcast" concerning profanity and other points. Some local production of PSAs and promotional materials is also done by the station volunteers.

WOAS features a complete digital media system including three Compact Disc (CD) players, a Computerized Media Processor (CMP) and input jacks for MP3 or headphone based media devices. The only exception to the digital system is a single cassette tape player that is used for select syndicate programs and legacy media.

Live feed
The audio feed has been on and off the internet for the past 10 years due to web platform difficulties and lack of resources.  In early 2014, the WOAS radio station completed implementation of its live internet audio stream. The audio stream broadcasts on the public internet in stereo at 128 KBps. As of March 2016, the main server has been replaced and it is now feeding the weather station on line (also to Weather Underground), video and audio.

History
The first broadcast of WOAS started at 8:00 AM on Friday, December 15, 1978. The station was managed by the Ontonagon Area High School librarian, Thomas Graham Lee. At the time, the station featured two reel-to-reel players and a turntable as well as wiring for remote broadcasting in the cafeteria and gymnasium of the high school building.

Margaret Muskatt succeeded Thomas Lee as manager in 1985 and, in the years that followed, the appeal of the station began to dwindle due to under-funding and aging equipment (which was donated to begin with); this led to a lull in staff morale. In 1987, the Community Schools program took over daily operations under the leadership of Community School Director Mike Bennett. What followed was a decade of growth and operating income for the station and school district as many grants for programs and new equipment were secured.

Through the mid-1990s, the popularity of WOAS again bottomed out as the Community Schools budget took massive hits and their involvement in the radio station eventually folded. The Ontonagon Area School District continued to be the station's owner but operations continued with a skeleton crew of volunteers when the Community Schools program ceased to exist in 1994. In 1995, Bennett became the elementary school principal, which left the station without an acting manager. In 1997, the station hit its lowest point when a license renewal lapse was about to occur and the Ontonagon Area School District directors debated about whether or not to renew the station's FCC license.

Also in 1997, science teachers Ken Raisanen and Chuck Zelinski made a pitch to the school district superintendent John Peterson to take over station operations and save the nearly dead project. They renewed the broadcasting license and began refurbishing the station's infrastructure and equipment. With generous grants from the Ontonagon Area School District (OASD), the Upper Peninsula Power Company (UPPCO), community members and volunteers, the station underwent a major remodeling and equipment replacement.  The station has encountered some difficulty with a stable web platform, but has managed to keep the station's audio stream intact at www.woas-fm.org.  Assistance from REMC 1 has put the WOAS web presence on a stable footing after the initial server was not able to handle the multiple feeds and was replaced by a more capable unit.

Ken Raisanen assumed the Station Manager position in 1997 and he continues as the Station Manager.  Beginning in the 2013–14 school year, students from the Senior Service Project class have developed their own daily program.  The SSP classes developed the first talk format shows and pioneered the 'multiple DJ' format. During the 2015–16 school year, 3 of the 7 day shift blocks are being filled by SSP students.  DJs have put together a safe driving campaign with a grant from the Strive for a Safer Drive (S4SD) program jointly sponsored by the State of Michigan and Ford Motor Company.  The local campaign is called 'Don't Be Distracted' or 'DbD' for short.  WOAS marked another milestone in 2015-16 as one of the DJs has featured a live, interactive broadcast with a fellow fan of the band Aviators each Friday via face to face computer networking from Germany.  The station website at www.woas-fm.org hosts the district weather station, audio and video streaming.  The FROM THE VAULTS blog also appears weekly in the local newspaper, The Ontonagon Herald.

References
Michiguide.com - WOAS History
WOAS Station Website
WOAS Documentation & Historical Records

External links

OAS
High school radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1978

WOAS


Scrophularia desertorum is a species of flowering plant in the figwort family known by the common name desert figwort. It is native to Nevada and eastern California where it grows in dry areas in local mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada and the desert ranges adjacent. It is a perennial herb producing clusters of erect stems that often exceed one meter tall. The leaves have toothed, triangular or lance-shaped blades up to 13 centimeters long which are borne on petioles measuring up to 10 centimeters in length. The inflorescence is a wide-open panicle with several hairy, glandular branches bearing flowers. The flower has a spherical corolla opening at the top into a hoodlike, lobed mouth. The corolla is just under a centimeter long and is whitish at the base and deep red around the mouth and on the lobes. The staminode is generally visible in the mouth of the corolla. The fruit is a capsule just under a centimeter long containing many seeds.

External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Photo gallery

desertorum
Flora of California
Flora of Nevada
Flora of Northern America
Flora without expected TNC conservation status

Scrophularia desertorum


Gustave du Bois, baron de Romand (1810—1871) was a respected amateur French entomologist, a member of the Société entomologique de France. who was prominent in the political arena. He contributed on September 4, 1837, a "Description of the male Epomidiopteron Julii." to the Royal Entomological Society of London,  but his modest place in the history of entomology is secured by his Tableau de l'aile supérieure des Hyménoptêres (privately printed  in Paris, 1838). In a hand-colored lithograph it presented 28 kinds of Hymenopteran upper wings, their homologous features differently tinted, so that by comparing them the viewer could establish to which family an individual specimen belonged. In an accompanying printed 14-column table, the terms used by previous entomologists to describe Hymnopteran wings are tabulated.are presented for comparison. The Australian paper wasp Ropalidia romandi was named by Élie Jean François Le Guillou to honour him in 1841.

M. de Roland was more widely known among his contemporaries as a conservative politician, author of the political essay De l'État des partis en France (1839), and of an essay on the dictatorial political strength of radical, socialist Paris over the provinces (De la dictature de Paris sur la France) in the year of revolution, 1848. The crisis of 1848 elicited from him several other pamphlets. He was a member of the Corps législatif under the Second Empire (1852-1870). He published his Souvenirs politiques et administratifs in 1855. His father, aide-de-camp of the prince de Polignac and a staunch royalist during the Hundred Days was ennobled by Louis XVIII at the second Bourbon restoration, 1815, and was made a member of the Legion of Honor.

He married the only daughter of General Paisi Kaïsarov and adopted in 1860 the double surname "du Bois de Romand-Kaïsaroff".

Notes

French entomologists
1810 births
1871 deaths

Gustave de Romand