Sir John Fielding (16 September 1721 – 4 September 1780) was a notable English magistrate and social reformer of the 18th century. He was the younger half-brother of novelist, playwright and chief magistrate Henry Fielding. Despite being blinded in an accident at the age of 19, John set up his own business and, in his spare time, studied law with Henry.

Early life
John Fielding was born on 16 September 1721, most likely in Blenheim Street, St James's, London. He was the third child of Lieutenant-General Edmund Fielding and his second wife Anne  Blanchard. Fielding's mother had previously been married to an Italian named Rapha and may have been the owner of an "eating house" in London. Among Fielding's half-siblings were Henry Fielding and Sarah Fielding, both products of his father's first marriage, who he had close relationships with.

Very little is known about Fielding's childhood and early life; it is possible that he spent some time in service with the Royal Navy. He had poor eyesight, and in 1740 was undergoing treatment from a surgeon named James Wilkie when as a result of Wilkie's negligence Fielding was blinded. In the following year Wilkie was forced to pay £500 in damages to Fielding.

Career
Fielding joined with his brother Henry and several others in February 1750 to create the University Register Office. The aim of the organisation was to be an intermediary for business transactions in order to "bring the World...together", however over time it changed focus to function as an employment exchange and seller of "Glastonbury water". The business was based on the Strand and Fielding lived at the premises as manager.

Appointed Henry's personal assistant in 1750, John helped him to root out corruption and improve the competence of those engaged in administering justice in London. They formed the first professional police force, the Bow Street Runners. Through the regular circulation of a police gazette containing descriptions of known criminals, Fielding also established the basis for the first police criminal records department.

When Henry died in 1754, John was appointed magistrate at Bow Street in his place, becoming renowned as the "Blind Beak", and allegedly being able to recognize three thousand criminals by the sounds of their voices. He also continued to develop his ideas on crime prevention and youth employment, helping to found the Asylum for Orphan Girls in Lambeth in 1758. He was knighted in 1761.

Personal life
Fielding married Elizabeth Whittingham of Lichfield, the daughter of a reverend doctor, on 21 November 1751 at a chapel on Duke Street, St James's. The couple did not have any children but Elizabeth's niece Mary Anne Whittingham lived with them, choosing to also adopt Fielding's surname. She married Allen, the son of Fielding's brother Henry. Elizabeth died in 1774 and on 6 August the same year Fielding married again, this time to Mary Sedgley of Brompton, at the parish church of Kensington. Fielding again had no children with his wife, who outlived him, dying in 1794.

In popular culture

Charles Dickens used John Fielding as a character in his Barnaby Rudge.
 Leon Garfield's Smith (1967), which deals with London's underworld, highwaymen and footpads, contains a blind justice.
 A 1984 West German television series The Blind Judge is based on his career, with Franz Josef Steffens playing Fielding
 John Fielding is a key secondary character in Lempriere's Dictionary (1991) by Lawrence Norfolk although he was dead at the time the scenes were set.
 A fictionalized Sir John Fielding is the protagonist of eleven historical detective novels published from 1994 to 2005. Set in Britain's Georgian period, the series was written by American author Bruce Cook under the pseudonym Bruce Alexander.
 John Fielding is an important character in the historical detective novel Death in the Dark Walk (1994), written by Deryn Lake.
 John Fielding is played by David Fox in the 1997 BBC production of Tom Jones, where he appears as the judge presiding over the protagonist's trial.
 John Fielding is portrayed by David Warner in the 2006 British television film of Sweeney Todd, starring Ray Winstone.
 The 2008 Channel 4 television series City of Vice is based on the crime investigation work of the Fielding brothers. Iain Glen plays John Fielding.
 John Fielding is a recurring supporting character in a series of Benjamin Franklin mysteries by Robert Lee Hall—set in London during the late 1750s. In many instances Fielding himself requests Franklin's help solving a murder.

Citations

References

Pringle, Patrick (1955). Hue and Cry: The Birth of the British Police (Museum Press); US edition: Hue and Cry: The Story of Henry and John Fielding and Their Bow Street Runners (William Morrow & Co.)

External links
The Blind Beak of Bow Street by John Dashney
Sir John Fielding at the National Portrait Gallery
Manuscript Minutes of the Lambeth Orphan's Asylum at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries detailing Fielding's involvement].

1721 births
1780 deaths
English blind people
18th-century English judges
John
Knights Bachelor
Legal history of England
British social reformers
Blind lawyers
British lawyers with disabilities

John Fielding


Andrew Thorburn Thompson (May 27, 1870 – April 20, 1939) was a Canadian military officer, editor, lawyer and a third generation political figure of Canada.

Thompson was born in Seneca Township and raised at Ruthven Park Estate, now designated as Ruthven Park National Historic Site; located just north of Cayuga, Ontario. His father, David Thompson was a businessman and political figure who sat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and then the House of Commons of Canada. His grandfather, also named David, had sat in the 1st and 2nd Legislative Assemblies for the United Province of Canada representing Haldimand County.

A lawyer and editor, he was elected to the House of Commons as the Liberal Member of Parliament for Haldimand and Monck in the 1900 federal election defeating former Conservative cabinet minister Walter Humphries Montague by less than 150 votes.

Due to redistribution, Thompson's riding was abolished and in the 1904 federal election, he ran for re-election in the redrawn district of Haldimand but was defeated by his Conservative opponent by less than 300 votes.

During World War I, Thompson was lieutenant colonel of the 114th Regiment composed of white and First Nations soldiers from Thompson's home region of the Haldimand County area.

In 1923, he was chosen by the deputy superintendent general of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to lead a one-man inquiry into the disturbances on a Six Nations reserve and the demands by Cayuga nation hereditary chief Deskaheh for recognition of the rights of his people after he threatened to take his complaints to the League of Nations along with demands for an independent state under Article 17 of the League's Covenant. As Thompson had commanded Iroquois soldiers during World War I he was seen as a mediator who could be trusted by both sides. However, Thompson's Commission to Investigate and Report upon the Affairs of the Six Nations Indians issued a report that recommended that the hereditary council that governed the reserve be replaced by an elected council thus depriving Deskaheh of his right to speak for the Six Nations. The new council was elected in October 1924.

References

External links

1870 births
1939 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Canadian Expeditionary Force officers
Lawyers in Ontario
People from Haldimand County

Andrew Thorburn Thompson


Albanian names are names that are used in or originate from Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia or the Albanian diaspora. In Albania, a full name usually consists of a given name (); the given name of the individual's father (), which is seldom included except in official documents; and a (most commonly patrilineal) family name or surname (). They are invariably given in the Western name order, with the given name being followed by the family name.

Albanian given names are traditionally originally-Albanian names or religious names (Islamic or Christian). During the Communist regime, supposedly-Illyrian names, based on the theory of the Illyrian origin of the Albanians, were constructed as appropriate names instead of religious ones. The government issued a decree ordering people to change their religious names to "pure Albanian names", and newborns had to receive non-religious names.

Albanian names have changed dramatically, with more opting for foreign, English or Romance names in recent times than the traditional Balkan names. In addition, Albanians from Albania tend to focus on names that are Greek, Italian or Western European, as opposed to those in Kosovo, North Macedonia and elsewhere that are religious, local, geographic or traditional. According to recent statistics some of the  most common baby names in Albania are Amelia, Leandra and Ambra for girls, and Noel, Aron and Roan are the most common names for boys.

Given names
While in Kosovo, Montenegro and North Macedonia, Albanian ("Illyrian") and religious names are quite common, in Albania proper, Albanian or Muslim names are rarely given. That is the result of the high net emigration rate of Albania and the desire of most Albanian emigrants to assimilate internationally. Another factor is the secularisation that took place during the communist rule, which discouraged explicitly Christian or Muslim given names. In 2014, among the 20 most commonly used given names for newborn children in Albania was not a single Albanian name. Instead, "international" (Christian or English) names were most popular.

Traditionally, given names in Albania did not have Albanian origins because they were religious names, either Christian or Islamic. During Communist Albania, an Illyrian origin of the Albanians (without denying "Pelasgian roots", a theory that has been revitalized today) continued to play a significant role in Albanian nationalism, resulting in a revival of given names supposedly of Illyrian origin, at the expense of given names associated with Christianity or Islam. The trend originated with the 19th century Rilindja, but became more common after 1944, when it became the government's policy to heavily discourage religious given names. Ideologically-acceptable names were listed in the Fjalor me emra njerëzish (1982). They could be native Albanian words like Flutur ("butterfly"), ideologically communist ones like Marenglen (Marx-Engels-Lenin), or "Illyrian" ones compiled from epigraphy: from the necropolis at Dyrrhachion excavated in 1958 to 2960.

Surnames
Many surnames in Albania have Islamic and Christian roots.

Common last name endings include -aj, as well as common definite Albanian nominative singular endings: hence -i for originally masculine last names except for those previously ending in k, g, h or i, which add -u; that is replaced by -a/-ja for feminine names.

Many last names were originally surnames, many of them being either Muslim (Ahmeti, Rexhepi, etc.), Bektashi (Bektashi itself as a surname, Dervishi, Shehu, etc.) or Christian (Kristo(ja), Evangjeli, etc.), but a large number are neither simply come from old Albanian secular names (Zogolli, Dushku, Shkoza etc.). Albanians frequently have surnames that do not match their actual religious identity, often because of recent secularization, religious intermarriage, relatively recent conversion in late Ottoman times (many Muslims have Christian names for that reason, and after the fall of communism, some Albanians with Muslim ancestry have become practicing Christians and vice versa) or the practice of Ottoman Christians taking Muslim names because of Muslim dominance of society during those times. Names starting with Papa- usually indicate Christian origin, but there are cases of them being followed by a Muslim element (i.e. Papazisi, a name held by Albanians of both Christian and Muslim heritage).

Another major source of Albanian last names are place names- Albanians sometimes took their hometowns as surnames, and especially when a family moved to another place, they often took their former residence as a surname, leading to somewhat well known last names such as Frashëri, Përmeti, Shkodra, Kelmendi, Shkreli, Delvina, Prishtina, etc.).
In the North and in Kosovo, clan names are also very prominent, most notably the names of widespread clans such as Krasniqi, Berisha and Gashi. The surnames Gega, Gegprifti, Gegaj etc. probably indicate Northern (Gheg) origins, as Toska and Toskaj do for Southerners. In addition, many names, even if not explicitly, are strongly identified with certain regions and Albanians can often tell another Albanian's regional origin from their last name. Surnames based on occupation are less common than in other countries but nevertheless the surnames Hoxha (mullah, either Bektashi or Sunni) and Prifti (priest, used by both Catholics and Orthodox) remain very common.

Arvanite and pre- modern Albanian surnames are also common. Many Arvanite surnames are found in Albania, in the modern Albanian form. For example, the word in Arvanitika (Arbërisht) for "brave" or "pallikari" (in Greek) being "çanavar" (Turkish canavar meaning "monster") or its shortened form "çavar" was pronounced "tzanavar" or "tzavar" giving birth to Arvanitic family names like "Tzanavaras" and/or "Tzavaras". This is a link between Albanian and Greek names.
The Arvanite surname "Κριεζής" (Kriezis) is a very common Albanian surname. "Kryezi" means "Blackhead" in Albanian (hence same meaning in Arbërisht/Arvanitika).

Orthodox Christian names tend to be heavily Greek, including last names which have counterparts in the Greek language.

History

Communist-era Albania
According to a decree issued in 1966, Muslims in Albania had to change their names to Albanian names, and newborn Albanians had to receive non-religious names. In a decree of November 1975, all the citizens of Albania whose names were considered objectionable by the Albanian Communist Party were ordered to change their names to "pure Albanian names" by the end of the year.

Diaspora
Albanians form the largest migrant group in Greece and the second-largest migrant group in Italy. Many modern names are thus Greek or Italian. In Greece and likewise in Italy, many Albanian newcomers change their Albanian names to Greek or Italian ones and their religion, if Islam, to Christianity.

References

Further reading

Names by culture
Culture of Albania

Albanian name


Spivs is a 2004 British crime film directed by Colin Teague, who also co-wrote the screenplay along with screenwriters Gary Young, and Mike Loveday. It is the second of three undertakings by Teague and Young, the others being Shooters and The Last Drop, respectively. Incidentally, director Glenn Durfort, who worked with Teague on Shooters, appears briefly in all three of these films.

Plot summary
Jack, Steve and Goat are East End London "spivs" (British slang for a black marketeer) who spend their days wheeling and dealing whenever and wherever they can. But not until they are landed with the juicy payoff they have been waiting for, involving a shady character who calls himself Villa, do they realize the trouble they have got into. After opening a truck door they discover they were not smuggling merchandise, rather they were smuggling people.  The people run out of the cargo area.  Jack is mad at Steve for not checking.  Then suddenly they discover two small Albanian children a girl and a boy. Now they are in even more trouble.

Cast

References

External links

Albanian-language films
2004 films
British crime comedy-drama films
2000s crime comedy-drama films
Films scored by David Julyan
2000s English-language films
2000s British films

Spivs (film)


Edwin John Luce (1881 in Saint Lawrence, Jersey – 1918) was a writer and journalist in Jèrriais, the Norman language of Jersey. He was known to his friends as Jock Luce, and wrote under the pen name of Élie.

E. J. Luce reported on many matters in the États de Jersey, on the Royal Court, on the Magistrate's Court and the Parish Assemblies. As an editor for Nouvelle Chronique as well as Chroniques de Jersey, he wrote on the events of the day.

From 1900 his poetry in Jèrriais appeared in the almanacs of the Nouvelle Chronique de Jersey. He was a man of extraordinary qualities and a gifted writer in English, French and Jèrriais, who also possessed a remarkable understanding of human nature. His prose and poetry aroused the admiration of other writers in the dialect of Jersey and those who claim that the dialect has neither grammar nor orthography will be convinced otherwise by reading his work.

He was the brother of Philippe William Luce.

Norman-language poets
Jersey writers
1881 births
1918 deaths
People from Saint Lawrence, Jersey
Deaths from Spanish flu
Jersey journalists
20th-century poets
20th-century journalists

Edwin John Luce


The Bavarian Class D XII steam locomotives were manufactured by the firm of Krauss from 1897 for the Royal Bavarian State Railways (Königlich Bayerische Staatsbahn). Ninety six of them were procured for service on the stub lines running from Munich into the mountains, but in reality they were stationed in many large Bavarian locomotive depots (Bahnbetriebswerke or Bw). Two engines were transferred to the Palatinate Railway (Pfalzbahn) in 1916, the remaining 94 later joined the Deutsche Reichsbahn fleet and were incorporated as DRG Class 73.0-1 with operating numbers 73 031–124.

The Palatinate Railway procured the almost identical Palatine P 2.II class in 31 examples during the years 1900 to 1903. 28 engines were taken over as 73 001–028 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the remaining three were handed over to the Saar Railway (Saarbahn).

Between 1903 and 1912, 37 engines went to the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine (Reichseisenbahnen in Elsaß-Lothringen) and were given the numbers T 5 6601–6637. One of these vehicles was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn under operating number 73 125.

The Bavarian Pt 2/5 H built in 1906 as a one-off, had shown that the use of a superheater brought no clear gains due to the low coupled axle load. As a result, in 1907 nine similar machines with saturated steam operation were built, as the Bavarian Pt 2/5 N class. These engines were incorporated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn as numbers 73 131 to 73 139.

Most of the locomotives were retired by 1925; but several examples were still in the vehicle park until 1948.

See also
 Royal Bavarian State Railways
 List of Bavarian locomotives and railbuses

References

2-4-4T locomotives
D 12
Standard gauge locomotives of Germany
Railway locomotives introduced in 1897
Scrapped locomotives
Passenger locomotives

Bavarian D XII


Anahidrano is a town and commune () in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Antsohihy, which is a part of Sofia Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 15,000 in 2001 commune census.

Primary and junior level secondary education are available in town. The majority 62% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 30% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are peanuts, maize and cassava.  Services provide employment for 1% of the population. Additionally fishing employs 7% of the population.

References and notes

Populated places in Sofia Region

Anahidrano


Dr Michael Clark (born 8 August 1935) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom.

Early life
He was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, East Retford and King's College London, where he graduated with a BSc (1st class Hons) in Chemistry in 1956, and subsequently studied at the University of Minnesota on a Fulbright Scholarship, before completing a PhD in Chemistry at St John's College, Cambridge in 1960.
He worked for some years with ICI Plastics Division, initially as a Research Scientist, but subsequently as a Factory Manager. Later, he joined the motor industry, introducing plastics into the manufacture of cars and commercial vehicles. In 1969, he became a manufacturing consultant with the PA Consulting Group in London, and was a Trustee from 1994 to 2000.

Political career

Dr Clark held office at constituency level in Cambridgeshire between 1969 and 1983 being County Treasurer 1975–78, and Chairman 1980–83. He first stood, unsuccessfully, at Ilkeston in 1979, being defeated by the Labour incumbent Ray Fletcher. He served as Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Rochford from 1983 until 1997, then, with its abolition, for the new  constituency of Rayleigh from 1997 until he stood down at the 2001 general election.

In Parliament he was active in all matters involving science and technology joining, in 1983, the Energy Select Committee, becoming Chairman 1989–92. With the demise of that Committee he was elected Chairman of the All-Party Group for Energy Studies. From 1992 to 1994 he served on the Trade and Industry Select Committee, then in the Labour Government of 1997 until his retirement he was Chairman of the Science and Technology Select Committee.
From 1985 to 1988 he was Hon Secretary of the Parliamentary and Scientific Committee then Founding Treasurer and later Chairman ( 1993–97) of the Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, (P.O.S.T.).

Clark was Chairman of the British Russian Parliamentary Group 1994-2001 and British Venezuelan Parliamentary Group 1995–2001, having previously been Hon Secretary of the Nepalese and Malawi Parliamentary Groups. He was an Executive Member of the Inter Parliamentary Union, IPU, from 1987 to 1994, being Chairman 1990–93.

He was invited to join the Speaker's Panel of Chairmen in 1997 chairing the House at the Committee stage of the Budget in 2001 just before retiring. He was elected to the Executive of the 1922 Committee in 1997. he also served (1995-2001) on the Advisory Panel of the Conservation Foundation and the advisory board of the Fulbright Commission. He was a national vice-president of the UN50 celebrations in 1995.

In 1994 he introduced as a Private Member's Bill the Road Traffic (New Drivers) Bill to make specific penalties for newly qualified drivers who commit offences, including re-testing their competence to drive.

Locally, he was President of many organisations including Arthritis Care, Ashingdon Carnival, Chelmsford Industrial Museum, Hawkwell Boys Football Club, Hockley and Hawkwell Old People's Welfare, Leigh Orpheus Male Voice Choir, Mayday Mobile, Rayleigh Brass, Rochford Civic Aid, Rochford District Mencap, South East Essex Youth Symphony Orchestra and the Rayleigh St. John Ambulance Cadets.

He is a Fellow of his alma mater, King's College London, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, and a Companion of the Institute of Energy. In 1992 he gave the Alf Robens Memorial lecture at the Royal Institution and was awarded the BCURA gold medal.

The former Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow MP, began his Parliamentary career working as a researcher for Michael Clark.

References

1935 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of King's College London
University of Minnesota alumni
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Retford

Michael Clark (British politician)


Autumn Reeser (born September 21, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Taylor Townsend on the Fox series The O.C., Lizzie Grant on HBO's Entourage, Katie Andrews on ABC's No Ordinary Family, and Leslie Bellcamp on E!'s The Arrangement. She has appeared in the films The Girl Next Door (2004), So Undercover (2012), Sully (2016), and in ten Hallmark Channel television films in leading roles.

Early life
During her childhood, Reeser played a wide variety of characters in local musical theater productions, from the age of seven until seventeen. Reeser graduated from Carlsbad High School in 1998. After high school, she moved to Los Angeles. She graduated from UCLA's School of Theater, Film and Television in 2004. She also studied acting at the Beverly Hills Playhouse.

Career

Television
Early in her career, she appeared in television commercials for Burger King, Clean & Clear and International House of Pancakes. Her first on-screen appearance was a role as Ventu Girl in the episode "Natural Law" of UPN's Star Trek: Voyager. Shortly thereafter, she booked guest roles in television shows CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Birds of Prey and Cold Case, and moved onto recurring roles in the sitcoms Grounded for Life, Maybe It's Me and Complete Savages. She rose to fame through her role as Taylor Townsend on the Fox series The O.C. (2005–2007). She reflected back on the character during a 2010 interview, saying "I feel like there's a lot of girls out there who could really relate to her, who hadn't seen themselves on TV in that way. I loved that about her. I loved that she made no apologies for who she was even though she wasn't what all the magazines said was OK. She was like, 'I'm still valid. And I'm awesome. And I know I'm odd, and that's OK.'"

Reeser portrayed Lizzy Grant in ten episodes of HBO's comedy-drama television series Entourage (2009–2010). First appearing in the show's sixth season, Lizzie is a junior agent working in the Miller Gold Agency's TV division under Andrew Klein, with whom she has an affair. Reeser played Phoebe Valentine, a goddess from Greek mythology in The CW's romantic comedy-drama series Valentine (2008–2009). In 2009, she portrayed lawyer Ashley Hastings in three episodes of TNT's legal drama series Raising the Bar. Reeser played Katie Andrews, Julie Benz's personal assistant in ABC's No Ordinary Family (2010–2011). The show centers on the Powells, a typical American family living in fictional Pacific Bay, California, whose members gain special powers after their plane crashes in the Amazon, Brazil. Reeser also had roles as Kylie Sinclair in Last Resort, as Dr. Gabrielle Asano in Hawaii Five-0 and as Abigail Bruce in Necessary Roughness. She had guest roles in several television shows, including It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia, Ghost Whisperer, Pushing Daisies, Human Target, Royal Pains, Jane by Design, and Hart of Dixie.

In 2015, Reeser portrayed Amanda Weil in three episodes of ABC's science fiction drama series The Whispers. In 2017, she had a recurring role as Tess, Darius Tanz's childhood sweetheart, on the CBS show Salvation. She played talent agent Leslie Bellcamp on the two seasons of The Arrangement, on the E! network. The series follows an unknown actress who, after a successful audition, is plucked from obscurity and offered a secret contract to be the fiancée to Kyle West, one of Hollywood's biggest stars. In 2018, she made a guest appearance as Dr. Wells on Fox's procedural drama television series 9-1-1, in the episode "Let Go".

Films
Reeser has appeared in several feature films and television movies, such as the musical The American Mall with Nina Dobrev, the comedy The Girl Next Door with Elisha Cuthbert, the horror film Lost Boys: The Tribe with Corey Feldman, the thriller The Big Bang with Antonio Banderas, the action movie Smokin' Aces 2: Assassins' Ball with Tom Berenger and the detective comedy So Undercover with Miley Cyrus. She appeared in Clint Eastwood's biographical drama film Sully (2016), released on September 2, 2016. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide. She also appeared in films Kill 'Em All (2017), Valley of Bones (2017), Dead Trigger (2017), and The Legend of La Llorona (2022).

In late 2012, she received positive reviews for Hallmark Channel's Love at the Thanksgiving Day Parade, in which she was the main heroine. Shortly after, she appeared in a number of romantic comedies aired on the Hallmark Channel, with leading roles in Midnight Masquerade (October 2014), I Do, I Do, I Do (February 2015), A Country Wedding (June 2015), Valentine Ever After (February 2016), A Bramble House Christmas (November 2017), Season for Love (August 2018), Love on the Menu (February 2019), All Summer Long (August 2019), and Christmas Under the Stars (November 2019).

She joined forces with fellow Hallmark regulars Lacey Chabert and Allison Sweeney in a trilogy that aired on the Hallmark Channel in 2022 about three long-time college friends who find an antique wedding veil that was reputed to bring its possessor her destined partner. She played Emma, who teaches art history and later travels to Italy to investigate the veil's origin. Lacey Chabert as Avery and Allison Sweeney as Tracy were her cohorts, and the three actresses reprised their roles in a sequel trilogy that aired on the Hallmark Channel in 2023.

Theater
Since 2006, she has been a member of The WorkJuice Players, a theater troupe primarily known for The Thrilling Adventure Hour, a popular Los Angeles staged production in the style of old-time radio. She stars in the Amelia Earhart segment, playing the famed pilot, traveling through time; as well as playing a wide variety of other characters in other segments. In 2015, Reeser and The Thrilling Adventure Hour were invited to perform in New York City and Chicago, then Australia (Sydney) and New Zealand (Auckland and Wellington). Other members in the troupe include Paul F. Tompkins, Paget Brewster and Busy Philipps.

An accomplished singer and dancer, Reeser has played in many musicals throughout her life. She also sang in numerous cabarets around Los Angeles, including Upright Cabaret and the acclaimed For The Record: Quentin Tarantino (Show at Barre). Reeser played Julie Cooper in The O.C. one-night musical, which took place at The Federal Bar in North Hollywood on August 30, 2015. In 2019, she starred in the West Coast premiere of Nicky Silver's Too Much Sun at the Odyssey Theater in Los Angeles.

Video games
Reeser played the character of Lissette Hanley in the video game Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3, released in 2008.

Other ventures
Reeser was featured on the cover of December 2006 issue of Stuff magazine. She has also appeared in editorials for Maxim, Celebrity Skin and Zooey. She was ranked at number 57 on the Maxim magazine's "Hot 100 of 2006" list, at number 65 on the Maxim "Hot 100 of 2007" list and at number 85 on the Maxim "Hot 100 of 2011" list.

Personal life
On May 9, 2009, Reeser married writer and director Jesse Warren in Ojai, California. The couple have two sons. In November 2014, Reeser filed for divorce from Warren and requested joint physical and legal custody of their children.

Author and friend Patrick Loubatière wrote her 2014 biography, titled No Ordinary Girl, published in English and French.

In 2015, she was elected to SAG-AFTRA's National and Los Angeles Local Boards.

Filmography

References

Bibliography

Patrick Loubatière. Autumn Reeser - No Ordinary Girl (Book, 2014).

External links

21st-century American actresses
Actresses from San Diego
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American bloggers
Living people
UCLA Film School alumni
American women bloggers
1980 births

Autumn Reeser


Discover is an American general audience science magazine launched in October 1980 by Time Inc. It has been owned by Kalmbach Publishing since 2010.

History

Founding
Discover was created primarily through the efforts of Time magazine editor Leon Jaroff. He noticed that magazine sales jumped every time the cover featured a science topic. Jaroff interpreted this as a considerable public interest in science, and in 1971, he began agitating for the creation of a science-oriented magazine. This was difficult, as a former colleague noted, because "Selling science to people who graduated to be managers was very difficult".

Jaroff's persistence finally paid off, and Discover magazine published its first edition in 1980. Discover was originally launched into a burgeoning market for science magazines aimed at educated non-professionals, intended to be easier to read than Scientific American but more detailed and science-oriented than Popular Science. Shortly after its launch, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) launched a similar magazine called Science 80 (not to be confused with its flagship academic journal, Science), and both Science News and Science Digest changed their formats to follow the new trend.

During this period, Discover featured fairly in-depth science reporting on "hard science" and avoided fringe topics like extraterrestrial intelligence. Most issues contained essays by well-known scientists—such as Stephen Jay Gould, Jared Diamond, and Stephen Hawking. Another common article was a biography, often linked with mentions of other scientists working in the field. The "Skeptical Eye" column sought to uncover pop-science scams, and was the medium where James Randi released the results of Project Alpha. Jaroff said that it was the most-read section at its launch.

Competition and change
The sudden appearance of so many magazines in the same market space inevitably led to some falling by the wayside, and Discover was left largely alone in its market space by the mid-1980s; it nevertheless decided to appeal to a wider audience by including articles on psychology and psychiatry. Jaroff told the editor-in-chief that these were not "solid sciences", and was sent back to Discover'''s parent, Time, Inc. "Skeptical Eye" and other columns disappeared, and articles covered more controversial, speculative topics (like "How the Universe Will End"). The new format was a great success, and the new format remained largely unchanged for the next two decades.

Gilbert Rogin, a Sports Illustrated editor, was brought in 1985 to revive Discover. In 1986, Time purchased the subscription lists of the shuttered magazines Science Digest and Science 86 from their publishers. Circulation for the magazine reached 925,000 by May 1987 with revenue for 1986 being $6.9 million, but annual net loss was $10 million.

In January 1987, Time appointed a new Discover publisher, Bruce A. Barnet, previously publisher of Picture Week test magazine from August 1985 to replace James B. Hayes, who was appointed publisher of Fortune.

The magazine changed hands several times. In 1987, Time, Inc. sold Discover to Family Media, the owners of Health, Golf Illustrated, Homeowner, 1,001 Home Ideas and World Tennis, for $26 million. From January to July 1991, Discover magazine lost 15% of its advertising while still remaining profitable. Family Media closed down while suspending publication of all its magazines and placing them up for sale. Family Media's last Discover issue was August 1991, with a circulation of 1.1 million copies.

In September 1991, The Walt Disney Company bought the magazine for its Disney Publishing's Magazine Group. The magazine's main office was moved to the Magazine Group office in Burbank while leaving one third behind in New York in a small editorial and advertising office. Disney was able to retain Family Media's editor-in-chief for the magazine, Paul Hoffman. Disney doubled the magazine's photography and its content budget to overcome skipping two issues in Family Media's shutdown and ownership change. In 1993, Disney Magazine Publishing Inc. decided to launch a trade advertising campaign designed with advertising firm Ziff Marketing to raise awareness in the advertising field that the magazine is an accessible general interest magazine in the science category.

In October 2005, Bob Guccione, Jr., founder of Spin and Gear magazines, and some private equity partners purchased the magazine from Disney. Guccione served as CEO and oversaw a redesign for the April 2006 issue. However, Guccione was ousted as CEO in October 2007 in what was described as "a falling-out over philosophical differences with his financial backers". Henry Donahue, Discover Media's chief financial officer, became the new CEO. In 2008, he also assumed the role of publisher. In October 2008, Corey Powell, Discover's executive editor, became editor-in-chief. As of April 2009, the magazine published combined issues in January/February and July/August, for a total of ten issues a year.

In 2010 the magazine was sold to Kalmbach Publishing, whose books and magazines are generally about craft and hobby subjects such as modeling (Model Railroader, FineScale Modeler, Scale Auto, Classic Toy Trains, Garden Railways, Model Retailer), beadwork (BeadStyle, Bead&Button, Art Jewelry), and the outdoors (Birder's World, Cabin Life, American Snowmobiler). It has one other science magazine, Astronomy. In August 2012 Kalmbach announced that Discover would be moving from New York City to Kalmbach's headquarters in Wisconsin in January 2013. In December 2012, Stephen C. George became the editor-in-chief. Becky Lang was the editor-in-chief until mid-2020.

Blog portal
The Discover website includes a collection of blogs related to science, including Cosmic Variance, Carl Zimmer's The Loom, and Melissa Lafsky's Reality Base.

TV series
From 1983–1990, PBS aired Discover: The World of Science'', a monthly hour-long news magazine featuring topics from the publication and hosted by Peter Graves.

See also
 Stephen Petranek – former editor

References

External links

Monthly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1980
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Wisconsin
Disney Publishing Worldwide

Discover (magazine)


Prodigal Son is a 2007 album recorded by the English guitarist Martin Simpson and released on the Topic Records label. The album won the Best Album award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards 2008 and the track Never Any Good won the Best Original Song award and is included on the 2008 Folk Awards album issued by Proper Music Distribution.

The accompanying book to the Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten lists this as one of the classic albums.  the track Never Any Good is track 7 on the fifth CD in the boxed set.

Track listing
Reference to  folk song indexes will be used where identified.  These references are from the three major numbering schemes, the Roud Numbers, Child Ballad Numbers originating from Francis James Child and the Laws Numbers from the George Malcolm Laws numbering system.

 "Batchelors Hall" (Dick Connette, Roud 385) 4:45
 "Pretty Crowing Chicken" (Trad. Roud179;Child 248) 2:53
 "Lakes Of Champlain" (Trad.) 4:36
 "She Slips Away" (Martin Simpson) 3:18
 "The Granemore Hare" (Trad. Roud 2993) 5:55
 "Mother Love" (Martin Simpson) 1:52
 "Little Musgrave" (Trad. Roud 52;Child 81) 5:54
 "A Love Letter" (Martin Simpson) 3:14
 "Duncan & Brady" (Trad. Roud 4177; Laws I9) 2:41
 "Never Any Good" (Martin Simpson) 5:23
 "Good Morning Mr Railroad Man" (Trad.) 3:27
 "Louisiana 1927" (Randy Newman) 4:19
 "La Rivolte" (Martin Simpson) 1:52
 "Andrew Lammie" (Trad. Roud 98; Child 233) 9:18
 "Kit's Tune; When A Knight Won His Spurs" (Martin Simpson; Public Domain) 5:18

References

Martin Simpson albums
2007 albums
Topic Records albums

Prodigal Son (Martin Simpson album)


Politika ekspres was a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade by Politika AD from 1963 until 2005.

Known colloquially as Ekspres and started in 1963 as an evening paper meant to compete with Večernje novosti, it arrived on the market as the fourth Belgrade daily. After initial difficulties it eventually managed to build a sizable readership, so that by the early 1980s it achieved a daily circulation in excess of 200,000 copies.

With the disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia followed by wars, the UN trade embargo, and the resulting severe financial crisis that hit Serbia, Ekspres''' circulation nosedived.

In 1999, during NATO's bombardment of Serbia, the paper became the centerpiece of controversy due to a commentary published in the April 5, 1999 issue titled "Ćuruvija dočekao bombe" (Ćuruvija Greeted the Bombs) about a prominent journalist Slavko Ćuruvija. Ćuruvija was essentially accused of being happy about the fact that Serbia suffers daily NATO air raids. The piece was even referenced on RTS television's (Serbian state TV, also firmly under Milošević's control at the time) central evening newscast Dnevnik 2 on April 4, the night before the issue went to news stands. When Ćuruvija got assassinated six days later on April 11, 1999, many pointed to the article and its mention in the newscast as part of groundwork for the murder, meant to dehumanize Ćuruvija and desensitize the public to the news of his impending death. Widely held view is that Milošević's wife Mira Marković ordered both the article and Ćuruvija's subsequent murder.

With its reputation severely tarnished, the paper continued after the October 2000 regime change, but its financial prospects looked very bleak.

In 2004, one last attempt to resurrect it occurred after Politika AD and WAZ-Mediengruppe formed a 50-50 joint venture. Ekspres'' got a visual makeover, but it still couldn't keep up and eventually folded in early 2005.

References

External links
 Politika Ekspres

Defunct newspapers published in Serbia
Newspapers established in 1963
Publications disestablished in 2005
Mass media in Belgrade
1963 establishments in Serbia
2005 disestablishments in Serbia
Newspapers published in Yugoslavia

Politika Ekspres


Janet Allison Taylor Spence (August 29, 1923 – March 16, 2015) was an American psychologist who worked in the field of the psychology of anxiety and in gender studies.

Early life

Spence was born on August 29, 1923, in Toledo, Ohio.  She was the older of two daughters. Her sister was born in 1927. Her father, John Chrichton, and her mother, Helen Taylor, were both active members of their community. Janet Taylor Spence's parents met in New York where John was working as a reporter and Helen was studying for a master's degree in economics at Columbia University. John joined the school board after running for governor, and Helen worked with the League of Women Voters.

Education

Spence received her undergraduate degree in Psychology at Oberlin College in 1945.  The fall after finishing her bachelor's degree, she began a graduate program at Yale University, which she left for the New York Rotating Internship Program.  It is here that she changed and better developed her interests from clinical practice to human behavior. She later transferred to the University of Iowa.  Yale proved to be an important part of her life as it was where she met her future husband and co-creator of the Hull-Spence Hypothesis of discrimination learning, Kenneth Spence.  While at the University of Iowa, she worked as his graduate student doing anxiety research. While attending Yale University as a clinical student, Spence worked under Clark L. Hull, the predominant learning theorist of his era.

An extension of the Hull-Spence Hypothesis, her dissertation studied the possibility of anxiety being a dispositional trait.  "Quite simply, I investigated whether chronically anxious individuals would classically condition more rapidly that less anxious individuals," she explained.  One of her accomplishments was creating an instrument to measure her hypothesis.  This instrument, called the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, "consisted of 50 statements that were indicative of manifest anxiety when answered a certain way," and is one of her most acknowledged pieces, especially because it was the first of its kind.  She graduated in 1949 with a Ph.D. in Psychology.

Post-education work and life

After graduation, Spence accepted a position as a psychology instructor at Northwestern University.  In 1951, her first article, "Anxiety and strength of UCS as determiners of the amount of eyelid conditioning," was published with Kenneth Spence as the co-author.  In the same year, her first independently authored article, "The relationship of anxiety to the conditioned eyelid response," was published.  She later received associate professor standing and stayed at this job until 1960.  She first experienced gender discrimination in the work force when she began teaching at Northwestern University.  She was given the opportunity to be the first female faculty member because, as Janet Taylor Spence said, "the chair of the university thought 'having a woman on the faculty was a novel and interesting idea,'" against the belief of some of the other faculty members.  She also wrote a statistics textbook.

Janet Taylor Spence and Kenneth Spence were married on December 27, 1959, and moved to Iowa shortly after.  As she was female and unable to get a job at the Department of Psychology of the University of Iowa, she was hired by the Veterans Hospital in Iowa City as a research psychologist.  While working at the VA Hospital, she was able to expand her interests to the study of schizophrenia.  In 1964, she and her husband moved to Austin, Texas for his job at the University of Texas.  Just as in Iowa, because she was female, she was unable to get a job at the university.  She accepted a job at an institution for the mentally handicapped called the Austin State School.  While there, she began a number of studies with normal and mentally handicapped children.  She was later offered a position at the University of Texas by the Department of Educational Psychology.  She went on to replace the chair of the Department of Psychology.

Her husband died on January 12, 1967, but that did not slow down her progress.  In 1970, Spence was elected to the Board of Scientific Affairs of the American Psychological Association (APA). Two years later, she became the president of the Southwestern Psychological Association.  In 1974, she began editing Contemporary Psychology, where she had started as an associate editor to Gardner Lindzey five years prior.  During the 1970s, she was on the Board of Directors for the APA and served on the Communications Committee with oversight for development of a National Information System for Psychology.  She later became sixth female president of the APA in 1985.

In 1984, Spence founded and became the first elected president of the American Psychological Society (now the Association for Psychological Science).  She was awarded the 1993 National Academy of Sciences Award for Excellence in Scientific Reviewing.  She has been awarded three honorary doctorates from Oberlin College, Ohio State University and the University of Toledo.   She was  editor of the Annual Review of Psychology from 1995 to 1999.
She also received the American Psychological Foundation's 2004 Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Science of Psychology (American Psychologist, 2004).  She has been a visiting research professor at Harvard twice.  She has claimed that "as children and teenagers, my sister and I were fully exposed to all these activities...perhaps it was due to the exposure to the human suffering so common during the Depression and my parents' concern with it that as a young adolescent I decided I wanted to become a psychologist".

In 2009, the Janet Taylor Spence Award for Transformative Early Career Contributions was established by the APS Board of Directors to recognize transformative contributions to psychological science by rising stars in the field. The award is a fitting tribute to Spence, who developed new approaches to research and pioneering tools including the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Attitudes Toward Women Scale, as well as crossing disciplinary boundaries with work on topics ranging from schizophrenia to developmental psychology to gender bias.

Works
 Spence, J. T. (1988). Janet Taylor Spence. In A. N. O'Connell, & N. F. Russo (Eds.), Models of achievement: Reflections of eminent women in psychology (Vol. 2). (pp. 191–203). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
 Spence, J. T. (1999). Thirty years of gender research: a personal chronicle. In W. B. Swann, Jr., J. H. Langolis, & L. A. Gilbert (Eds.), Sexism and stereotypes in modern society: The gender science of Janet Taylor Spence. (pp. 35–42). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Further Reading Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates and antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press.
 Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. (1972b). Who likes competent women? Competence, sex-role congruence of interest, and subjects' attitudes toward women as determinants of interpersonal attraction. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 197-213.
 Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1973). The Personal Attributes Questionnaire: A Measure of sex-role stereotypes and masculinity-femininity. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 43-44 (Ms. 617).

References

Further reading
Helmreich, R. (1999). The many faces of Janet Taylor Spence. In W. B. Swann, W.B. Jr., J. H. Langolis, & L. A. Gilbert, L.A. (Eds.), Sexism and stereotypes in modern society: The gender science of Janet Taylor Spence. (pp. 35–42). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

American women psychologists
Oberlin College alumni
University of Iowa alumni
Anxiety disorder treatment
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
1923 births
2015 deaths
American women non-fiction writers
Annual Reviews (publisher) editors
21st-century American women

Janet Taylor Spence


Saint Sophronius of Vratsa (or Sofroniy Vrachanski; ; 1739–1813), born Stoyko Vladislavov (), was a Bulgarian cleric and one of the leading figures of the early Bulgarian National Revival.

Biography
Vladislavov was born in the town of Kotel in eastern Bulgaria in 1739 to the family of a cattle trader. His father, Vladislav died in 1750 in Istanbul of the plague. When Stoiko was 3 years old his mother, Maria, died and his father remarried. He attended a monastery school in his home town and studied Slavic and Greek books. He worked as a frieze weaver, but had an interest in religion and became a cleric in 1762. While working as a teacher and writer he met Paisius of Hilendar in Kotel in 1765. Paisius showed him his Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya, the primary work of the Bulgarian Revival, of which Vladislavov made the first copy, known as Sophronius' Copy (Софрониев препис, Sofroniev prepis). Vladislavov travelled to Mount Athos between 1770 and 1775 and left Kotel in 1795. He served in the Karnobat parish and went to a monastery in Arbanasi in 1794, becoming Bishop of Vratsa under the name of Sophronius on 17 September. There he was engaged in social activity and initiated the sending of a political delegation of Vratsa residents to Moscow according to some sources. Sophronius had close ties with the Phanariote circles.

After the dislocations caused by Osman Pazvantoğlu, the bishop's duties became more and more difficult for Vladislavov and he left Vratsa in 1797 to wander in northwestern Bulgaria. He spent three years in Vidin in a period that helped him determine his goals as a writer. He left for Bucharest in 1803 to serve the people as a high-standing clergyman, being released on his insistence from his bishop's post but continuing to sign under his bishop's name.

Between 1806 and 1812 Sophronius of Vratsa was one of the most eminent representatives of the Bulgarian people in their communication with the Russian commanding of the Russo-Turkish War. He spent his last years in a monastery in Bucharest. His date of death is unknown, the last signed document being from 2 August 1813.

Works
Sophronius wrote his best and most popular works in his Bucharest period. These include Nedelnik ("Неделник")—his only printed work—a collection of precepts and sermons for every holiday of the year based on Greek and Slavic sources. The collection had historical importance in initiating book printing in modern Bulgarian and establishing the Bulgarian vernacular as the language of literature. This big book includes also several woodcuts and ornaments making it an impressive object. He also wrote another collection, Sunday Evangelic Interpretation in 1805, as well as a very popular autobiography, Life and Sufferings of Sinful Sophronius ("Житие и страдания грешнаго Софрония", Zhitie i Stradaniya Greshnago Sofroniya) and an appeal to Bulgarian people, making him the most noted representative of the Bulgarian literature of the early 19th century.

Legacy
Sophronius of Vratsa was canonized as a saint by the Bulgarian Orthodox Church on 31 December 1964.

St. Sofroniy Knoll on Snow Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Sophronius of Vratsa.

Descendants
Sophronius of Vratsa was married to Ganka. They had four children - Tsonko, Vladislav, Maria and Ganka. Through his son Tsonko Sophronius was ancestor of:
Prince Stefan Bogoridi (1775/1780-1859) - a high ranking Ottoman statesman.
Prince Alexander Bogoridi (1822-1910) - an Ottoman statesman and governor-general of Eastern Rumelia.
Prince Nicolae Vogoride (1821-1868) - Ottoman-nominated Governor (kaymakam) of Moldavia;
Anna de Noailles (1876-1933) - French writer and poet;

Notes

External links

 Life and Sufferings of Sinful Sophronius, online text
World Digital Library presentation of Kyrīakōdromion or Sunday Book authored by Sophronius of Vratsa. Library of Congress.
The Early Bulgarian Imprint Collection at the Library of Congress has works by Sophroniums of Vratsa.

Bulgarian male writers
1739 births
1813 deaths
People from Kotel, Bulgaria
Bishops of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church
Bulgarian saints
18th-century Bulgarian people
19th-century Bulgarian people
19th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
18th-century Eastern Orthodox clergy
18th-century Bulgarian writers
19th-century Bulgarian writers

Sophronius of Vratsa


Kamp Batu Lintang (yang juga dikenal sebagai Barak-Barak Lintang dan kamp tahanan perang Kuching) di Kuching, Sarawak, pulau Kalimantan adalah sebuah kamp interniran Jepang pada masa Perang Dunia Kedua. Biasanya, tempat tersebut digunakan untuk menempatkan interniran sipil dan tahanan perang Sekutu. Kamp tersebut, yang dioperasikan dari Maret 1942 sampai pembebasan kamp tersebut pada September 1945, berisi bangunan-bangunan yang aslinya merupakan barak-barak Angkatan Darat India Britania. Kawasan tersebut direbut oleh Jepang, sampai tempat tersebut diperluas menjadi sekitar 50 acre (20 hektar). Populasi kamp tersebut berubah-ubah, karena pergerakan para tahanan antar kamp ke kamp di Kalimantan, dan akibat kematian para tahanan. Populasi maksimumnya berjumlah sekitar 3,000 tahanan.

Catatan

Referensi

 Anonymous (1944) "Kuching Internment Camp, July 1943" The Chronicle: A Quarterly Report Of The Borneo Mission Association 28(1), 7 (March 1944)
 Archer, B. E. (1999) A study of civilian internment by the Japanese in the Far East, 1941–45 Essex: B. Archer (University of Essex PhD thesis)
 Archer, Bernice (2004) The Internment of Western Civilians under the Japanese 1941–45, A Patchwork of Internment London: Routledge Curzon ISBN 0-7146-5592-9 (A 2008 reprint with expanded final chapter has been published by Hong Kong University Press)
 Archer, John Belville (1946) (collected and edited) Lintang Camp: Official Documents from the Records of The Civilian Internment Camp (No 1 Camp) at Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak, During the Years 1942-1943-1944-1945. Published as a pamphlet March 1946
 Archer, John Belville (1997) Glimpses of Sarawak Between 1912 & 1946: Autobiographical Extracts & Articles of an Officer of the Rajahs Compiled and edited by Vernon L. Porritt Special Issue of the Department of South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull ISBN 0-85958-906-4
 Arvier, Robyn (2001) "Caesar's Ghost!": Maurie Arvier's story of war, captivity and survival Launceston, Tasmania. Arvier was in the Australian officers' camp
 Arvier, Robyn (collected and edited) (2004) Don't worry about me: Wartime letters of the 8th Division A.I.F. Launceston, Tasmania: Bokprint. ISBN 0-646-44026-8
 Bell, Frank (1991) Undercover University (revised edition) Cambridge: Elisabeth Bell. ISBN 0-9516984-0-0 (Originally published in 1990, same ISBN). Bell was in the British officers' camp; his wife published his account after his death
 Brown, D. A. D. (1946) "Reminiscences of Internment" The Chronicle: A Quarterly Report Of The Borneo Mission Association 29(3), 37 (December 1946)
 Colley, George S. Jr. (1951) Manila, Kuching and return 1941–1945 San Francisco: privately printed (first printing 1946). Colley was in the male civilians' camp; his wife was in the female civilians' camp
 Cunningham, Michele K. (2006) Defying the Odds. Surviving Sandakan and Kuching Lothian Books/Hachette Livre ISBN 978-0-7344-0917-1
 Darch, Ernest G. (Airman) (2000) Survival in Japanese POW Camps with Changkol and Basket London: Minerva Press. ISBN 0-7541-1161-X (also published by Stewart Books, Ontario, Canada). Darch was in the British other ranks' camp
 Dawson, Christopher (1995) To Sandakan: The Diaries of Charlie Johnstone Prisoner of War 1942–45 St Leonards, Australia: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86373-818-5 Johnstone, an Australian serving in the RAF, was in the British officers' camp
 Digby, K. H. (1980) Lawyer in the Wilderness Ithaca, New York: Cornell University (Data Paper 114, Southeast Asia Program, Department of Asian Studies) Digby was in the male civilians' camp
 Evans, Stephen R. (1999) Sabah (North Borneo) Under the Rising Sun Government Printed in Malaysia, no publisher details or ISBN. Contains an account by J. R. Baxter, who was in the male civilians' camp
 Firkins, Peter (1995) Borneo Surgeon: A Reluctant Hero Carlisle, Western Australia: Hesperian Press. ISBN 0-85905-211-7. A biography of Dr James P. Taylor, Principal Medical Officer in North Borneo when the Japanese invaded. His wife Celia was in the female civilians' camp
 Forbes, George K. et al. (1947) Borneo Burlesque: Comic Tragedy/Tragic Comedy Sydney: H. S. Clayton. Edition limited to 338 copies
 Howes, Peter H. H. (1976) "The Lintang Camp: Reminiscences of an Internee during the Japanese Occupation, 1942–1945" Journal of the Malaysian Historical Society (Sarawak Branch) 2, 33–47. Howes was a Church of England priest in Sarawak, and was in the male civilians' camp
 Howes, Peter H. H. (1994) In a Fair Ground or Cibus Cassowari London: Excalibur Press. ISBN 1-85634-367-7
 Keith, Agnes Newton (1955) Three Came Home London: Michael Joseph (Mermaid Books). Originally published in 1947 by Little Brown and Company, Boston, Mass. Keith was in the female civilians' camp
 Keith, Agnes Newton (1972) Beloved Exiles Boston, Mass: Little Brown and Company Semi-autobiographical novel based on Keith's time in Borneo, including her internment
 Kell, Derwent (1984) A Doctor's Borneo Brisbane: Boolarong Publications. ISBN 0-908175-80-9. Derwent Kell is the pen name of Dr Marcus C. Clarke, who was in the male civilians' camp
 Kirby, S. Woodburn et al. (1957) The War Against Japan. Volume 1: The Loss of Singapore London: HMSO
 Kirby, S. Woodburn et al. (1969) The War Against Japan. Volume 5: The Surrender of Japan London: HMSO
 Lim, Shau Hua Julitta (1995) From an Army Camp to a Teacher College: A History of Batu Lintang Teachers' College, Kuching, Sarawak ISBN 983-99068-0-1
 Lim, Shau Hua Julitta (2005) Pussy's in the well: Japanese Occupation of Sarawak 1941 – 1945 Kuching, Sarawak: Research and Resource Centre ISBN 983-41998-2-1 Some accounts, many photographs and some nominal rolls
 Long, Gavin (1963) The Final Campaigns Australia in the War 1939–1945 Series 1 (Army), Volume 7. Canberra: Australian War Memorial (Online in PDF form at  )
 Mackie, John (2007) Captain Jack Surveyor and Engineer: The autobiography of John Mackie Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Institute of Surveyors ISBN 0-9582486-6-4 Mackie was in the British officers' camp
 Newman, Carolyn (ed) (2005) Legacies of our Fathers South Melbourne: Lothian Books ISBN 0-7344-0877-3 Accounts of six Australian officers and a female civilian internee
 O'Connor, Michael P. (1954) The More Fool I Dublin: Michael F. Moynihan Account of O'Connor's time in Malaya, including Batu Lintang. He was in the male civilians' camp
 Ooi, Keat Gin (1998) Japanese Empire in the Tropics: Selected Documents and Reports of the Japanese Period in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo, 1941–1945 Ohio University Center for International Studies, Monographs in International Studies, SE Asia Series 101 (2 vols) ISBN 0-89680-199-3 Contains many accounts by British POWs and civilian internees.
 Ooi, Keat Gin (2006) "The 'Slapping Monster' and Other Stories: Recollections of the Japanese Occupation (1941–1945) of Borneo through Autobiographies, Biographies, Memoirs, and Other Ego-documents" Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 7(3), Winter 2006
 Purden, Ivor M. (1989) "Japanese P.O.W. Camps in Borneo" in Neville Watterson (1989) Borneo: The Japanese P.O.W. Camps – Mail of the Forces, P.O.W. and Internees (published by W. N. Watterson)
 Reece, Bob (1998) Masa Jepun: Sarawak under the Japanese 1941–1945 Kuching, Sarawak: Sarawak Literary Society ISBN 983-9115-06-5
 St. John-Jones, L. W. (2004) "The Kuching Prisoner-of-War Camp 1944–45: Heroism and Tragedy" Sabah Society Journal 21
 Smallfield, E. J. (1947) "Internment Under the Japanese" New Zealand Surveyor 19, no 4, April 1947, 301–310. Smallfield was in the male civilians' camp
 Southwell, C. Hudson (1999) Uncharted Waters Calgary, Canada: Astana Publishing ISBN 0-9685440-0-2 Southwell was in the male civilians' camp
 Taylor, Brian (2006) "Lintang Camp Memorials" The Sarawak Museum Journal 62(83), 59–62 (December 2006)
 Torrens, Alexandra (1998) "Borneo burlesque" Wartime 4 (Summer 1998), 51–55. Wartime is the official magazine of the Australian War Memorial. The article is about a group of officers who made it their mission to uphold the morale of Australian POWs in Batu Lintang
 Walker, Allan S. (1953) Middle East and Far East Australia in the War 1939–1945 Series 5 (Medical), Volume 2. Canberra: Australian War Memorial (1962 reprint online in PDF form at  )
 Wall, Don (no date, post-1993) Kill the Prisoners! Mona Vale, NSW, Australia: Don Wall ISBN 0-646-27834-7
 Watterson, W. N. (1989) and (1994) Borneo: The Japanese P.O.W. Camps – Mail of the Forces, P.O.W. and Internees (published in two parts by W. N. Watterson) ISBN 0-9514951-0-0 (Part 1, 1989); ISBN 0-9514951-2-7 (Part 2, 1994)
 Wigmore, Lionel (1957) The Japanese Thrust Australia in the War 1939–1945 Series 1 (Army), Volume 4. Canberra: Australian War Memorial (Online in PDF form at  )
 Yap, Felicia (2004) Reassessing the Japanese prisoner of war and internment experience: the Lintang Camp, Kuching, Sarawak, 1942–45 Cambridge: M. Phil. dissertation (copy held in the Seeley Library, University of Cambridge Faculty of History)

Pranala luar

 Plan of the camp, one of several different versions The plan is dated 1945, and the layout of the barracks differs (mostly in orientation rather than location) from that shown in the 1945 aerial reconnaissance photographs held at the AWM
 Sketch of malnutrition cases from Batu Lintang "Typical Malnutrition Cases: Australian and British Prisoners of War just released from Lintang Barracks, Kuching, Borneo 16 September 1945" by Tony Rafty. Imperial War Museum, Catalogue No. Art.IWM ART LD 5884
 Sketch of hospitalised POWs from Batu Lintang "British Prisoners-of-War after Rescue from Kuching, Borneo" by Tony Rafty. Imperial War Museum, Catalogue No. Art.IWM ART LD 5885
 Photograph of the stone which commemorated the opening of the camp on 15 August 1942.  The stone bears the name of the camp commander, Colonel Tatsuji Suga, and the command "Be faithful". It is now housed at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra.
 Information on Borneo Burlesque (Forbes et al..)
 Episode 10 of Can We Help? Broadcast by ABC 18 April 2008. Part of the programme features Dandi Michael Tiong, who with his twin brother Danis Stephen Tiong was in the camp as a child. Includes some AWM archive footage of the camp. (NB all archive film material shows Batu Lintang, not the Labuan camp mentioned). Relevant times: 01:24–02:05 and 17:58–25:03.
 A roll book kept in the British Other Ranks' compound and now in the National Museums of Scotland
 "Perspex Crucifix" by Sarah Hilary, an article in foto8 about her mother and maternal grandparents who were civilian internees in the camp
 "How the Japanese military used my family" by Sarah Hilary, an article in The Guardian, "Family" section, pp 4–5, 1 March 2014. (The online version of the article is titled "My mother was Emperor Hirohito's poster child").
 Three Came Home full movie (now in the public domain)

Personal histories
 Maurie Arvier (Australian serviceman) Short account  Scroll down to near the bottom of the page
 Mary Baldwin (civilian internee) Captivity; Release
 John Stewart Bell (Australian serviceman) Short account; Short account Same article but both have small amounts of additional information
 Leslie Bickerton (British serviceman) The Batu Lintang Union Jack
 Charles Cleal (British serviceman) Short account
 W. G. Cockburn (British serviceman) The use of maggots to clean a wound Second article down on the page
 Edwin John Esler (Australian serviceman) Short account
 Robert Fyvie and Frances Colina (British serviceman and civilian internee) Couple who met at Batu Lintang and married soon after their liberation
 Bennie Gold (British serviceman) Near-discovery of the generator; Religion in the camp
 Harold McManus (American serviceman) Short account The webpage is mainly about Harold's brother, O. C. McManus
 Les Mockridge (British serviceman) Short account. Mockridge was initially at Sandakan
 Dennis Riley (British serviceman) Life in the camp; The radio; Liberation of the camp; Labuan field hospital
 Vernon Hopetoun Smith (Australian serviceman) Brief profile

Organisasi
 Batu Lintang Teachers' Training College website (in Malay)
 Borneo POW Relatives Association of Western Australia Parts of the site still under construction
 COFEPOW (Children and Families of Far East Prisoners of War)
 FEPOW (Far East Prisoners of War) Community

Kamp interniran dan tahanan perang Jepang
Kerajaan Sarawak
Sejarah Sarawak
Bangunan dan struktur di Sarawak
Sejarah militer Jepang pada Perang Dunia II
Kejahatan perang Jepang
Pendirian tahun 1942 di Sarawak

Kamp Batu Lintang


Dave Bloustien (born 7 December 1975, in Adelaide) is an Australian comedian, improviser and comedy writer.

Living and working in Sydney, New South Wales, Bloustien has written for many Australian television comedies, including ABC's The Glass House, The Sideshow and Randling, and Channel Ten's Good News Week. He has won five Australian Writers Guild awards, or AWGIES, for his work on Good News Week.

As a stand-up comedian and improviser Bloustien has performed across Australia and internationally, including many shows as part of the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, Edinburgh Fringe Festival, Adelaide Fringe Festival, Cracker Comedy Festival and New Zealand Comedy Festival. In 2009 he was a recipient of a Moosehead Award for The Social Contract, an account of how a client tried to sue him on the grounds that his act wasn't funny. His more recent shows include the "improvised rumble" Puppy Fight Social Club, A Complete History of Western Philosophy and Dave Bloustien's Grand Guignol.

Bloustien is also founder and co-producer of Sydney-based comedy production company Wit Large.

References

External links

 bloustien.com – official home page
 witlarge.com.au – production company official home page
 EntertainOz – Dave Bloustien profile

Living people
Australian male comedians
1975 births

Dave Bloustien


Andrew Michael Sullivan (born 10 August 1963) is a British-American author, editor, and blogger. Sullivan is a political commentator, a former editor of The New Republic, and the author or editor of six books. He started a political blog, The Daily Dish, in 2000, and eventually moved his blog to platforms, including Time, The Atlantic, The Daily Beast, and finally an independent subscription-based format. He announced his retirement from blogging in 2015. From 2016 to 2020, Sullivan was a writer-at-large at New York. His newsletter The Weekly Dish was launched in July 2020.

Sullivan has stated that his conservatism is rooted in his Catholic background and in the ideas of the British political philosopher Michael Oakeshott. In 2003, he wrote he was no longer able to support the American conservative movement, as he was disaffected with the Republican Party's continued rightward shift towards social conservatism on social issues during the George W. Bush era.

Born and raised in Britain, he has lived in the United States since 1984 and currently resides in Washington, D.C., and Provincetown, Massachusetts. He is openly gay and a practicing  Catholic.

Early life and education
Sullivan was born in South Godstone, Surrey, England, into a  Catholic family of Irish descent, and was brought up in the nearby town of East Grinstead, West Sussex. He was educated at a Catholic primary school followed by Reigate Grammar School, where his classmates included future Labour Party leader Keir Starmer and future Conservative member of the House of Lords Andrew Cooper. He won a scholarship in 1981 to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was awarded a first-class Bachelor of Arts in modern history and modern languages. He founded the Pooh Stick Society at Oxford, and in his second year, he was elected President of the Oxford Union for Trinity term 1983.

After writing briefly for a newspaper, Sullivan won scholarship in 1984 to Harvard University, where he earned a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard in 1990. His dissertation was titled Intimations Pursued: The Voice of Practice in the Conversation of Michael Oakeshott.

Career
Sullivan first wrote for The Daily Telegraph on American politics. In 1986, Sullivan went to work for The New Republic magazine initially on a summer internship; among the most significant articles he wrote were "Gay Life Gay Death", an essay on the AIDS crisis, and "Sleeping with the Enemy", in which he attacked the practice of "outing", both of which earned him some recognition among the gay community. He was appointed the editor of The New Republic in October 1991, a position he held until 1996. In that position, he expanded the magazine from its traditional roots in political coverage to cultural issues and the politics surrounding them. During this time, the magazine generated several high-profile controversies.

While completing graduate work at Harvard in 1988, Sullivan published an attack in Spy magazine on Rhodes Scholars, "All Rhodes Lead Nowhere in Particular," which dismissed recipients of the scholarship as "hustling apple-polisher[s]"; "high-profile losers"; "the very best of the second-rate"; and "misfits by the very virtue of their bland, eugenic perfection." "[T]he sad truth is that as a rule," Sullivan wrote, "Rhodies possess none of the charms of the aristocracy and all of the debilities: fecklessness, excessive concern that peasants be aware of their achievement, and a certain hemophilia of character." Author Thomas Schaeper notes that "[i]ronically, Sullivan had first gone to the United States on a Harkness Fellowship, one of many scholarships spawned in emulation of the Rhodes program."

In 1994, Sullivan published excerpts on race and intelligence from Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray's controversial The Bell Curve, which argued that some of the measured difference in IQ scores among racially defined groups was a result of genetic inheritance. Almost the entire editorial staff of the magazine threatened to resign if material that they considered racist was published. To appease them, Sullivan included lengthy rebuttals from 19 writers and contributors. He has continued to speak approvingly of the research and arguments presented in The Bell Curve, writing, "The book ... still holds up as one of the most insightful and careful of the last decade. The fact of human inequality and the subtle and complex differences between various manifestations of being human—gay, straight, male, female, black, Asian—is a subject worth exploring, period." According to Sullivan, this incident was a turning point in his relationship with the magazine's staff and management, which he conceded was already bad because he "was a lousy manager of people". He left the magazine in 1996.

Sullivan began writing for The New York Times Magazine in 1998, but was fired by editor Adam Moss in 2002. Jack Shafer wrote in Slate magazine that he had asked Moss in an e-mail to explain this decision, but that his e-mails went unanswered, adding that Sullivan was not fully forthcoming on the subject. Sullivan wrote on his blog that the decision had been made by Times executive editor Howell Raines, who found Sullivan's presence "uncomfortable", but defended Raines's right to fire him. Sullivan suggested that Raines had done so in response to Sullivan's criticism of the Times on his blog, and said he had expected that his criticisms would eventually anger Raines.

Sullivan has also worked as a columnist for The Sunday Times of London.

Ross Douthat and Tyler Cowen have suggested that Sullivan is the most influential political writer of his generation, particularly because of his very early and strident support for same-sex marriage, his early political blog, his support of the Iraq War, and his subsequent support of Barack Obama's presidential candidacy.

After the cessation of his long-running blog, The Dish, in 2015, Sullivan wrote regularly for New York during the 2016 presidential election, and in February 2017 he began writing a weekly column, "Interesting Times", for the magazine.

On July 19, 2020, following the unexplained absence of his column for June 5, Sullivan announced that he would no longer write for New York. He announced he would be reviving The Dish as a newsletter, The Weekly Dish, hosted by Substack.

Politics

Sullivan describes himself as a conservative and is the author of The Conservative Soul. He has supported a number of traditional libertarian positions, favouring limited government and opposing social interventionist measures such as affirmative action. However, on a number of controversial public issues, including same-sex marriage, social security, progressive taxation, anti-discrimination laws, the Affordable Care Act, the United States government's use of torture, and capital punishment, he has taken positions not typically shared by conservatives in the United States. In July 2012, Sullivan said that "the catastrophe of the Bush–Cheney years ... all but exploded the logic of neoconservatism and its domestic partner-in-crime, supply-side economics."

One of the most important intellectual and political influences on Sullivan is Michael Oakeshott. Sullivan describes Oakeshott's thought as "an anti-ideology, a nonprogramme, a way of looking at the world whose most perfect expression might be called inactivism." He argues "that Oakeshott requires us to systematically discard programmes and ideologies and view each new situation sui generis. Change should only ever be incremental and evolutionary. Oakeshott viewed society as resembling language: it is learned gradually and without us really realising it, and it evolves unconsciously, and for ever." In 1984, he wrote that Oakeshott offered "a conservatism which ends by affirming a radical liberalism." This "anti-ideology" is perhaps the source of accusations that Sullivan "flip-flops" or changes his opinions to suit the whims of the moment. He has written, "A true conservative—who is, above all, an anti-ideologue—will often be attacked for alleged inconsistency, for changing positions, for promising change but not a radical break with the past, for pursuing two objectives—like liberty and authority, or change and continuity—that seem to all ideologues as completely contradictory."

As a youth, Sullivan was a fervent supporter of Margaret Thatcher and later Ronald Reagan. He says of that time, "What really made me a right-winger was seeing the left use the state to impose egalitarianism—on my school", after the Labour government in Britain tried to merge his admissions-selective school with the local comprehensive school. At Oxford, he became friends with future prominent conservatives William Hague and Niall Ferguson and became involved with Conservative Party politics.

From 1980 through 2000, he supported Republican presidential candidates in the United States, with the exception of the election of 1992, when he supported Bill Clinton in his first presidential campaign. In 2004, however, he was angered by George W. Bush's support of the Federal Marriage Amendment designed to enshrine in the Constitution marriage as a union between a man and a woman, as well as what he saw as the Bush administration's incompetence over its Iraq War management, and consequently supported the presidential campaign of John Kerry, a Democrat.

Sullivan endorsed Senator Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination in the 2008 United States presidential election, and Representative Ron Paul for the Republican nomination. After John McCain clinched the Republican primary and named Sarah Palin as his vice presidential nominee, Sullivan began to espouse a birther-like conspiracy theory involving Palin and her young son Trig. Sullivan devoted a significant amount of space on The Atlantic, questioning whether Palin is Trig's biological mother. He and others who held this belief, dubbed "Trig Truthers", demanded Palin produce a birth certificate or other piece of medical evidence that proves Trig is indeed her biological son.

Sullivan eventually endorsed Obama for president, largely because he believed that he would restore "the rule of law and Constitutional balance"; he also argued that Obama represented a more realistic prospect for "bringing America back to fiscal reason", and expressed a hope that Obama would be able to "get us past the culture war." Sullivan continued to maintain that Obama was the best choice for president from a conservative point of view. During the 2012 election campaign, he wrote, "Against a radical right, reckless, populist insurgency, Obama is the conservative option, dealing with emergent problems with pragmatic calm and modest innovation. He seeks as a good Oakeshottian would to reform the country's policies in order to regain the country's past virtues. What could possibly be more conservative than that?"
Sullivan has declared support for Arnold Schwarzenegger and other like-minded Republicans. He argues that the Republican Party, and much of the conservative movement in the United States, has largely abandoned its earlier scepticism and moderation in favour of a more fundamentalist certainty, both in religious and political terms. He has said this is the primary source of his alienation from the modern Republican Party.

In January 2009, Forbes ranked Sullivan No. 19 on a list of "The 25 Most Influential Liberals in the U.S. Media". Sullivan rejected the "liberal" label and set out his grounds in a published article in response.

In August 2018, after Sarah Jeong, an editorial board-member of The New York Times, received widespread criticism for her old anti-white tweets, Sullivan accused Jeong of being racist and calling white people "subhuman". Sullivan also accused Jeong of spreading eliminationist rhetoric; a belief that political opponents are a societal cancer that should be separated, censored or exterminated.

LGBT issues

HIV
In 1996, discussing HIV, he argued in the New York Times Magazine that "this plague is over" insofar as "it no longer signifies death. It merely signifies illness." This led to "a trend of white male journalists proclaiming that AIDS is over", according to Sarah Schulman.

Gay issues
Sullivan, like Marshall Kirk, Hunter Madsen, and Bruce Bawer, has been described by Urvashi Vaid as a proponent of "legitimation", seeing the objective of the gay rights movement as being "mainstreaming gay and lesbian people" rather than "radical social change". Sullivan wrote the first major article in the United States advocating for gay people to be given the right to marry, published in The New Republic in 1989. According to one columnist for Intelligent Life, many on "the gay left," aiming to alter social codes of sexuality for everyone, were chagrined at Sullivan's endorsement of the "assimilation" of gay people into "straight culture." In the wake of the United States Supreme Court rulings on same-sex marriage in 2013 (Hollingsworth v. Perry and United States v. Windsor), The New York Times op-ed columnist Ross Douthat suggested that Sullivan might be the most influential political writer of his generation, writing: "No intellectual that I can think of, writing on a fraught and controversial topic, has seen their once-crankish, outlandish-seeming idea become the conventional wisdom so quickly, and be instantiated so rapidly in law and custom."

As of 2007, Sullivan opposed hate crime laws, arguing that they undermine freedom of speech and equal protection.

In 2014, Sullivan opposed calls to remove Brendan Eich as CEO of Mozilla for donating to the campaign for Proposition 8, which made same-sex marriage illegal in California. In 2015, he claimed that "gay equality" had been achieved in the United States through the persuasive arguments of "old-fashioned liberalism" rather than by the activism of "identity politics leftism."

Transgender issues
In 2007, he said he was "no big supporter" of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act, arguing that it would "not make much of a difference." However, he said, the "gay rights establishment" was making a tactical error to insist on including protections for gender identity, as he believed it would be easier to pass the bill without transgender people.

In a September 2019 Intelligencer column, Sullivan expressed concern that gender-nonconforming children (especially those who are likely one day to come out as gay) might be encouraged to believe that they are transgender when they are not. In November 2019, Sullivan wrote another Intelligencer column on young women who, in their teens, had begun to transition to live as men but who later detransitioned. In that article, he discussed the controversy over a 2018 journal article by Lisa Littman that proposed a socially mediated subtype of gender dysphoria that Littman had termed "rapid onset gender dysphoria". In April 2021, he said it should be illegal for doctors to initiate cross-sex hormones for children under 16 or sex reassignment surgery for children under 18.

Recognitions
In 1996, Sullivan's book, Virtually Normal: An Argument about Homosexuality, won the 1996 Mencken Award for Best Book, presented by the Free Press Association. In 2006, Sullivan was named an LGBT History Month icon.

Foreign policy
Sullivan supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the United States and was initially hawkish in the war on terror, arguing that weakness would embolden terrorists. He was "one of the most militant" supporters of the Bush administration's counter-terrorism strategy immediately following the September 11 attacks in 2001; in an essay for The Sunday Times, he stated, "The middle part of the country—the great red zone that voted for Bush—is clearly ready for war. The decadent Left in its enclaves on the coasts is not dead—and may well mount what amounts to a fifth column." Eric Alterman wrote in 2002 that Sullivan had "set himself up as a one-man House Un-American Activities Committee" running an "inquisition" to unmask "anti-war Democrats", "basing his argument less on the words these politicians speak than on the thoughts he knows them to be holding in secret".

Later, Sullivan criticised the Bush administration for its prosecution of the war, especially regarding the numbers of troops, protection of munitions, and treatment of prisoners, including the use of torture against detainees in United States custody. Though he argued that enemy combatants in the war on terror should not have been given status as prisoners of war because "terrorists are not soldiers", he believed that the US government was required to abide by the rules of war—in particular, Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions—when dealing with such detainees. In retrospect, Sullivan said that the torture and abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq had jolted him back to "sanity". Of his early support for the invasion of Iraq, he said, "I was terribly wrong. In the shock and trauma of 9/11, I forgot the principles of scepticism and doubt towards utopian schemes that I had learned."

On the edition of 27 October 2006 of Real Time with Bill Maher, he described conservatives and Republicans who refused to admit they had been wrong to support the Iraq War as "cowards". On 26 February 2008, he wrote on his blog: "After 9/11, I was clearly blinded by fear of al Qaeda and deluded by the overwhelming military superiority of the US and the ease of democratic transitions in Eastern Europe into thinking we could simply fight our way to victory against Islamist terror. I wasn't alone. But I was surely wrong." His reversal on the Iraq issue and his increasing attacks on the Bush administration caused a severe backlash from many hawkish conservatives, who accused him of not being a "real" conservative.

Sullivan authored an opinion piece, "Dear President Bush," that was featured as the cover article of the October 2009 edition of The Atlantic. In it, he called on Bush to take personal responsibility for the incidents and practices of torture that occurred during his administration as part of the war on terror.

Sullivan states that he has "always been a Zionist". However, his views have become more critical over time. In February 2009, he wrote that he could no longer take the neoconservative position on Israel seriously.

In January 2010, Sullivan blogged that he was "moving toward" the idea of "a direct American military imposition" of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with NATO troops enforcing "the borders of the new states of Palestine and Israel". He commented, "I too am sick of the Israelis. [...] I'm sick of having a great power like the US being dictated to." His post was criticised by Noah Pollak of Commentary, who referred to it as "crazy", "heady stuff" based on "hubris".

In February 2010, Leon Wieseltier suggested in The New Republic that Sullivan, a former friend and colleague, had a "venomous hostility toward Israel and Jews" and was "either a bigot, or just moronically insensitive" toward the Jewish people. Sullivan rejected the accusation and was defended by some writers, while others at least partly supported Wieseltier.

In March 2019, Sullivan wrote in New York magazine that while he strongly supported the right of a Jewish state to exist, he felt that U.S. Representative Ilhan Omar's comments about the influence of the pro-Israel lobby were largely correct. Sullivan said that "it is simply a fact that the Israel lobby uses money, passion, and persuasion to warp this country's foreign policy in favor of another country — out of all proportion to what Israel can do for the US."

Sullivan devoted a significant amount of blog space to covering the allegations of fraud and related protests after the 2009 Iranian presidential election. Francis Wilkinson of The Week stated that Sullivan's "coverage—and that journalism term takes on new meaning here—of the uprising in Iran was nothing short of extraordinary. 'Revolutionary' might be a better word."

Sullivan was inspired by the Iranian people's reactions to the election results and used his blog as a hub of information. Because of the media blackout in Iran, Iranian Twitter accounts were a major source of information. Sullivan frequently quoted and linked to Nico Pitney of The Huffington Post.

Immigration
Writing for New York magazine, Sullivan expressed concern that high levels of immigration to the United States could drive "white anxiety" by causing white Americans to be "increasingly troubled by the pace of change" since they were never formally asked whether they wanted such a demographic shift. Sullivan has advocated for tighter immigration controls on asylum and overall lower levels of immigration. He has criticized Democrats for what he perceived as their unwillingness to implement such controls.

Race
As editor at The New Republic, Sullivan published excerpts from the 1994 book The Bell Curve, by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray. The book, which contained a chapter about the subject of IQ on society and public policy, argued that there are innate differences in intelligence between racial groups. This view of an innate connection between race and intelligence is rejected by several scientists.

In 2015 Jeet Heer, in an article in The New Republic entitled "The New Republic's Legacy on Race" described Sullivan's decision as an example of "The magazine's myopia on racial issues". The importance of Sullivan to the popularization of The Bell Curve and race science was noted by Matthew Yglesias who called Sullivan "the punditocracy's original champion of Murray's thinking on genetics". Similarly, Gavin Evans wrote in The Guardian that Sullivan "was one of the loudest cheerleaders for The Bell Curve in 1994" and that he "returned to the fray in 2011, using his popular blog, The Dish, to promote the view that population groups had different innate potentials when it came to intelligence."

In Current Affairs in 2017 Nathan J. Robinson said that Sullivan:

Religion
Sullivan identifies himself as a faithful Catholic while disagreeing with some aspects of the Catholic Church's doctrine.

He expressed concern about the election of Pope Benedict XVI in a Time magazine article on 24 April 2005, titled "The Vicar of Orthodoxy". He wrote that Benedict was opposed to the modern world and women's rights, and considered gays and lesbians innately disposed to evil. Sullivan has, however, agreed with Benedict's assertion that reason is an integral element of faith.

Sullivan takes a moderate approach to religion, rejecting fundamentalism and describing himself as a "dogged defender of pluralism and secularism". He defended religious moderates in a series of exchanges with atheist author Sam Harris.

Blogging
In late 2000, Sullivan began his blog, The Daily Dish. The core principle of the blog has been the style of conservatism he views as traditional. This includes fiscal conservatism, limited government, and classic libertarianism on social issues. Sullivan opposes government involvement with respect to sexual and consensual matters between adults, such as the use of marijuana and prostitution. He believes recognition of same-sex marriage is a civil-rights issue but expressed willingness to promote it on a state-by-state legislative federalism basis, rather than trying to judicially impose the change. Most of Sullivan's disputes with other conservatives have been over social issues and the handling of postwar Iraq.

Sullivan gave out yearly "awards" for various public statements, parodying those of the people the awards were named after. Throughout the year, nominees were mentioned in various blog posts. The readers of his blog chose winners at the end of each year.
 The Hugh Hewitt Award, introduced in June 2008 and named after a man Sullivan described as an "absurd partisan fanatic", was for the most egregious attempts to label Barack Obama as un-American, alien, treasonous, and far out of the mainstream of American life and politics.
 The John Derbyshire Award was for egregious and outlandish comments on gays, women, and minorities.
 The Paul Begala Award was for extreme liberal hyperbole.
 The Michelle Malkin Award was for shrill, hyperbolic, divisive, and intemperate right-wing rhetoric. (Ann Coulter was ineligible for this award so that, in Sullivan's words, "other people will have a chance.")
 The Michael Moore Award was for divisive, bitter, and intemperate left-wing rhetoric.
 The Matthew Yglesias Award was for writers, politicians, columnists, or pundits who criticised their own side of the political spectrum, made enemies among political allies, and generally risked something for the sake of saying what they believed.
 The "Poseur Alert" was awarded for passages of prose that stood out for pretension, vanity, and bad writing designed to look profound.
 The Dick Morris Award (formerly the Von Hoffman Award) was for stunningly wrong cultural, political, and social predictions. Sullivan renamed this award in September 2012, saying that Von Hoffman was "someone who in many ways got the future right—at least righter than I did."

In February 2007, Sullivan moved his blog from Time to The Atlantic Monthly, where he had accepted an editorial post. His presence was estimated to have contributed as much as 30% of the subsequent traffic increase for The Atlantic website.

In 2009, The Daily Dish won the 2008 Weblog Award for Best Blog.

Sullivan left The Atlantic to begin blogging at The Daily Beast in April 2011. In 2013, he announced that he was leaving The Daily Beast to launch The Dish as a stand-alone website, charging subscribers $20 a year.

In a note posted on The Dish on 28 January 2015, Sullivan announced his decision to retire from blogging. He posted his final blog entry on 6 February 2015. On 26 June 2015, he posted an additional piece in reaction to Obergefell v. Hodges, which legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.

In July 2020, Sullivan announced that The Dish would be revived as a weekly feature, including a column and podcast; he published there and elsewhere a notable obituary of Queen Elizabeth II.

Personal life
In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with "other HIV-positive men". He was widely criticised in the media for this, with some critics noting that he had condemned President Bill Clinton's "incautious behavior", though others wrote in his defence.

In 2003, Sullivan wrote a Salon article identifying himself as a member of the gay "bear community". On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts.

Sullivan was a friend of late journalist Christopher Hitchens.

Sullivan was barred for many years from applying for United States citizenship because of his HIV-positive status. Following the statutory and administrative repeals of the HIV immigration ban in 2008 and 2009, respectively, he announced his intention to begin the process of becoming a permanent resident and citizen. On The Chris Matthews Show on 16 April 2011, Sullivan confirmed that he had become a permanent resident, showing his green card. On 1 December 2016, Sullivan became a naturalised US citizen.

He has been a daily user of marijuana since 2001.

On May 26, 2023, Sullivan announced on his blog that he and his husband, Aaron Tone, divorced the previous week.

Works
As author
 Virtually Normal: An Argument About Homosexuality (1995). Knopf. .
 Love Undetectable: Notes on Friendship, Sex and Survival (1998). Knopf. .
 The Conservative Soul: How We Lost It, How to Get It Back (2006). HarperCollins. .
 Intimations Pursued: The Voice of Practice in the Conversation of Michael Oakeshott (2007). Imprint Academic.
 Out on a Limb: Selected Writing, 1989–2021 (2021). Avid Reader Press.
As editor
 Same-Sex Marriage Pro & Con: A Reader (1997). Vintage. . First edition
 Same-Sex Marriage Pro & Con: A Reader (2004). Vintage. . Second edition
 The View from Your Window: The World as Seen by Readers of One Blog (2009). Blurb.com

References

External links

 The Weekly Dish, Andrew Sullivan's substack newsletter
 The Dish, Andrew Sullivan's blog
 Column archive (2009–2009) at The Atlantic
 Why I Blog, November 2008

 World's Best Blogger?, Harvard Magazine, May–June 2011

1963 births
Living people
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
The Atlantic (magazine) people
British Christian Zionists
British expatriates in the United States
English bloggers
English columnists
English magazine editors
English political writers
English people of Irish descent
English Roman Catholics
People with HIV/AIDS
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
LGBT conservatism in the United States
British LGBT journalists
American LGBT journalists
LGBT people from Massachusetts
LGBT Roman Catholics
English LGBT rights activists
English gay writers
The New Republic people
People educated at Reigate Grammar School
People from Godstone
Presidents of the Oxford Union
The Sunday Times people
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Naturalized citizens of the United States
British male bloggers
American male bloggers
American bloggers
21st-century American LGBT people
Harkness Fellows
American activists with disabilities

Andrew Sullivan