The "Leva del Biberón" (also known as the "Quinta del Biberón ", baby bottle in Spanish) was the name given to the levies of 1938 and 1939 throughout the territory that republican Spain still controlled during the last years of the Spanish civil war . Mobilized by order of the President of the Second Spanish Republic, Manuel Azaña, at the end of April 1938. At that time, Franco's troops had attacked Lérida, Gandesa, Balaguer, Tremp and Camarasa and were taking control of the last points of republican resistance.

In total, some 30,000 young people were called up,  coming from all over the national territory on the Republican side: Murcia, Catalonia, Old Castilla and Valencia, among others. They were under the command of Lluís Companys, among whom would be counted future personalities such as Jesús Blasco. First, they had to cover auxiliary tasks, but on July 25, 1938, they were already participating in the Republican offensive of the Battle of the Ebro, the vast majority being minors, reaching, some as children, only 14 years old.

It is believed that it received this name when Federica Montseny referred to all of them in this way: "Seventeen years old? but they still are sucking the baby bottle!».

They were in the bloody battles of Merengue and Baladredo, both at the Segre front during the so-called offensive of Catalonia. They also took part in the Battle of the Ebro  and some were assigned to the Alpine battalion, in the Lleida Pyrenees .

After the war, very different fates ran. Some went into exile in France and ended up in the concentration camps of Argelès-Sur-Mer, Saint-Cyprien and Agda . Others, in the Francoist prisons and in the concentration camps of Vitoria and Miranda de Ebro and others went to battalions of workers distributed throughout Spain and did military service in Zaragoza, Barcelona and even in the Spanish Sahara. Another part of the young people was freed by the Franco regime in case of being captured since, as was normal throughout the conflict, most of the ideology of those called up was not reciprocal to the side that forced them to enlist under duress to a large extent. of the cases.

In 1983, some 307 survivors and 412 relatives founded the «Agrupación de Supervivientes de la Leva del Biberón-41».

References

1930s in Spain
1938

Leva del Biberón


Gilbert L. Gigliotti (born 7 November 1961) is a Professor of early American literature in the English Department at Central Connecticut State University in New Britain, Connecticut, where he has taught since 1992.  He earned a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature (Latin, Greek, and English) at The Catholic University of America (1992).

Gigliotti's dissertation, entitled "Musae Americanae: The Neo-Latin Poetry of Colonial and Revolutionary America," remains the only book-length examination of neo-Latin poetic practice in Anglo-American culture. He has written articles and reviews on a variety of early American Neo-Latin subjects, including farmer/poet John Beveridge and early American Puritan elegies.

At CCSU, Gigliotti teaches a variety of early American authors, including The Connecticut Wits, Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Cotton Mather, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. He produces Central Authors, the university's television series featuring faculty, staff, and alumni/ae speaking about their publications.

Gigliotti has authored two books on Frank Sinatra, hosts a weekly radio program on WFCS, curated exhibits of Sinatra memorabilia at several libraries throughout central Connecticut, and speaks about the singer/actor/entertainer to civic, service, and social clubs. He has taught a course on Sinatra in literature, as well. His work is part of a sustained academic interest in the cultural importance of Sinatra that has been well documented in many media outlets, including The New York Times and The Chronicle of Higher Education.

Other publications examine Girolamo Fracastoro's 16th-century neo-Latin poem Syphilis, American poet Philip Freneau, and chess in early America,.

Books
Ava Gardner: Touches of Venus  Entasis Press, 2010
Foreword to David Lloyd's The Gospel According to Frank New American Press, 2009
Sinatra: But Buddy I'm a Kind of Poem  Entasis Press, 2008
A Storied Singer: Frank Sinatra as Literary Conceit Greenwood Press, 2002

References

External links
 Gigliotti's faculty page at Central Connecticut State
 Entasis Press
 Central Authors

Central Connecticut State University faculty
Living people
1961 births

Catholic University of America alumni

Gilbert L. Gigliotti


Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) is an Australian marsupial, sometimes called a rat-kangaroo. It has a pointed  face and it is about the size of a rabbit. Once thought to be extinct, it is listed as being critically endangered.It is the most endangered mammal and marsupial in the whole of Australia. There are only about 40 of the animals now left in the world. Gilbert's potoroo is one of the world's rarest mammals.

They live in a small area, about , on the southwest coast near Albany, Western Australia. This area is in the Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve.  Gilbert's Potoroos have been released on nearby Bald Island, and are breeding successfully.

Discovery
The first scientific discovery of the Gilbert's potoroo happened in 1840, and it was named in 1841 after the English naturalist and explorer John Gilbert. Gilbert had collected several animals at King George Sound in Australia, including this potoroo. Gilbert's potoroo was not seenagain for many years, even though many people had searched for them in the 1970s. The species was believed to be extinct for 120 years before it was re-discovered in 1994 in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve. Liz Sinclair had been studying wallabies and caught the potoroo in one of her traps.

Habitat
Potoroos live under thick bushes and shrubs. They have made tunnels and paths through the bush so they can get around easily. When moving slowly they use all four legs, but to move quickly they can hop like a kangaroo. Potoroos are nocturnal and they spend their days hiding. They only come out into the open very often. They live in small groups of between three to five animals. They eat different kinds of truffles and fungi. Australia has many different kinds of truffles and potoroos like to eat many of them. Potoroos have sharp three toed claws that help them dig into the ground to find the truffles growing in the soil. After eating them, the potoroos help spread the seeds of the truffles through their wastes.  Scientists have found 40 different types of fungi in the waste from a Gilbert Potoroo.

Reproduction
The female potoroos can have two babies in a year, but only carry one at a time. They can keep a second embryo in a state of diapause while the first embryo is growing. If the first baby does not survive, the second baby can start growing right away. It is not known how long gestation is for Gilbert's potoroo, but it is thought to be the same as the long-nosed potoroo; about 38 days. The baby potoroo is only about  long when it is born. It lives in its mother's pouch for about 4 months.

Saving the potoroo
When Gilbert's potoroo was rediscovered, more animals were captured to start a breeding program. This would help increase the numbers of potoroos. A few young were born in the first couple of years, but then breeding just stopped. Many studies have looked at what they eat, and how they live, but they are still can not get the potoroos to breed in captivity

In 2001, a group was formed called the Gilbert's potoroo Action Group (GPAG). This group helps educate and tell people about the potoroo. It also helps with raising money for more study and captive breeding programs for Gilbert's potoroo.

Three potoroos, one male and two females, were moved to Bald Island in August 2005. This island is free from other animals, like cats and foxes, that would eat the potoroos. Since then, four more potoroos have been sent to start a breeding colony.

There is a lot of danger for the survival of Gilbert's potoroo. Because of the small area where they live, they could be lost in a bushfire. Foxes and cats could easily kill all the potoroos. There may not be enough potoroos to give them enough genetic differences to survive a virus. There is not enough natural bushland at Two Peoples Bay, and there is too much cleared land next to the nature reserve.

References

Other websites

Gilbert's Potoroo  at Western Australia Department of Environment and Conservation
Gilbert's Potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) recovery plan
Gilbert's Potoroo Action Group

Marsupials of Australia
Critically endangered species

Gilbert's potoroo


The Chatra Gorge is a canyon cut by the Kosi River across the Mahabharat Range in Nepal.

Kosi river system
The Kosi, or Sapt Kosi, drains eastern Nepal. It is known as Sapt Koshi because of the seven rivers which join together in east-central Nepal to form this river. The main rivers forming the Kosi system are – the Sun Kosi, the Indravati River, the Bhote Koshi, the Dudh Kosi, the Arun River, Barun River, and Tamur River. The combined river flows through the Chatra gorge in a southerly direction to emerge from the hills.

The Sun Kosi contributes 44 per cent of the total water in the Sapta Koshi, the Arun 37 per cent and the Tamur 19 per cent.

Of the rivers that form the Sapta Kosi, the three main tributaries, Sun Kosi, Arun and Tamur converge
at Tribeni and enter Chatra Gorge.

The Gorge
The Chatra Gorge is about 10 km long and is about 5–8 km wide. Downstream of the gorge, the river enters the alluvial plains forming a huge megafan covering around 16,000 km2.

The gorge is located at . The initial or northern portion of the gorge is at an altitude of .

Sapta Kosi High Dam
A  high dam is proposed to be built near Barahakshetra across the Sapta Kosi in the Chatra gorge. It will have a 3,000 MW power station and a barrage 8 km downstream with canals on both sides for irrigation.

References

Canyons and gorges of Nepal

Chatra Gorge


Shivam is an 2015 Indian Kannada action thriller film written and directed by Srinivas Raju and produced by C. R. Manohar. It stars Upendra, Saloni Aswani, Ragini Dwivedi, Makarand Deshpande, Sharath Lohitashwa, P. Ravi Shankar and Srinivasa Murthy.

Shivam was released on 2 January 2015 and received positive reviews from critics. It was dubbed and released in Telugu as Brahmana in 2016.

Premise
Basavanna is forced to become a priest after his father's sudden death, where he soon learns about the manipulations in the temple's maintenance and decides to eliminate them.

Cast

Production

Casting
Reports emerged in May 2013 of Upendra's signing for the film, then titled Basavanna and that Srinivasa Raju would be directing it. The report said the film however, would not be based on the life of the 12th century A.D. Indian social reformer Basavanna. Ragini Dwivedi's casting as the first female lead was confirmed in June 2013, her second opposite Upendra, after Arakshaka (2012). Saloni Aswani, who was cast opposite Upendra in Budhivanta (2008) and Dubai Babu (2009) was signed as the second female lead in July 2013.

Filming
The principal photography began on 15 May 2013 in Bangalore Palace. Filming began in June 2013, at the Dodda Ganeshana Gudi, a temple in the Basavanagudi locality of Bangalore. It required that Upendra sport a bald head in the film, and instead of the head being shaved, prosthetics were used, considering that he was simultaneously filming with another film that did not require the look. The 3-D effects used in making it was the first for an Indian film and costed around . Parts of the shooting were completed in India, Sweden, Thailand and Turkey. The shooting schedule in India was however delayed by over a month, owing to delay in getting official permission for filming at the temple site in Thanjavur. The Indian schedule also included filming in Chennai, Mysore, Melukote and Bangalore. The song sequences were then filmed in places like Istanbul and Antalya in Turkey, and Cyprus. Speaking of Upendra's dialogues and screen time in the film, Raju said, "Upendra has very less dialogues in this film, that's quite a change from what people have seen of him on screen so far." and said that he would feature in the bald look for 40 minutes in the film. Filming completed in May 2014, and the film producer was said to have contemplated its release on 18 September 2014, on the occasion of Upendra's birthday, which however did not materialise. The work on dubbing was complete at the Balaji Digital Studio in Bangalore in late October 2014.

Title controversy

Following the announcement of the film and during the pre-production stages, the film was titled Hara Hara Mahadev. Following a discussion by the makers, it was retitled Basavanna. This caused an uproar in the Lingayat community in Karnataka, as the name suggested a reference to the Lingayatism pioneer and social reformer Basava, referred to commonly as Basavanna. The issue was raised at the Karnataka Legislative Assembly by former Chief Minister of Karnataka, B. S. Yeddyurappa, who urged that the title be changed. Following this, the director decide to title the film Brahmana, but this title was refused permission by the Karnataka Film Chamber of Commerce (KFCC) and was immediately withdrawn. The producers then decided to release the film theatrically without a title. The film posters showed a symbol of Nandi, a bull, believed to be the vehicle of the mythological Hindu deity Shiva, and Upendra sitting in dhyana mudra, the spiritual gesture of meditation, like an ascetic. Having been rejected by the KFCC again, sections of the Kannada film industry began calling it Naama and Trinetra, before the film was titled Shivam, which the Regional Board of Film Certification accepted in mid-November 2014.

Marketing
The first look poster was launched on 13 May 2014, two days prior to the muhurat shot. It featured a person seated in Chin Mudrā posture with a pistol by his side. The poster became controversial and immediately drew the attention of the media, following which the Manohar promised that the forthcoming posters would not feature the pistol. The motion poster of it was released on YouTube. Following this, posters were released featuring Upendra with a bald head brandishing a sword. They were followed by title-less posters featuring Upendra in dhyana mudra with a symbol of Nandi by his side and another featuring three horizontal lines of Vibhuti with deity Shiva's third eye vertically across them. The film trailer was released on 30 November 2014, on the occasion of the film's audio release in Bangalore.

Music

Background score for the film and soundtrack were composed by Mani Sharma, with lyrics for the soundtracks written by K. Kalyan and V. Nagendra Prasad. The soundtrack album consists of six tracks. It was released on 30 November 2014 in Bangalore.

Release and response
The film was given the "U/A" (Parental Guidance) certificate by the Regional Censor Board, after making 25 cuts in the film, trimming it by four minutes. The censored part included scenes featuring dialogues on religion and the demolition of Indian temples in the past.

Critical reception
Upon theatrical release, the film received mostly positive reviews from critics. G. S. Kumar of The Times of India reviewed the film giving it a rating of 3.5/5, and felt that the film was "armed with a lively script". He credited the dialogues in the films and the role of cinematography and music. Of Upendra's performance, he wrote, "It's Upendra all the way, who steals the show with a brilliant performance." S. Viswanath of Deccan Herald gave it a rating of three out of five and wrote, "Over the top, full paisa vasool. That's Shivam for you. If a fan of Real Star, there's double treat." He added writing praises of the performances of Upendra and Ragini Dwivedi and concluded, "Shivam, is one rollicking, riotous Uppi show, sending fans into hysterical frenzy." Shyam Prasad S. of Bangalore Mirror rated the film 3/5 and called the film "pro-religion" adding that "[the]...hero mouths all the relevant shlokas and quotes religious texts in Sanskrit when his credentials to become a priest are questioned." Without giving a clear verdict, he concluded writing, "The film may please a large section and rake in the moolah. The crowd is happy to see someone finally speak on screen what has become the talk on the street. Welcome to a religiously awakened Sandalwood." Writing for The New Indian Express, A. Sharadhaa felt that "unlike the edgy thriller, falls into a complete masala category." and added that "[The] hero-villain cat and mouse chase, strong dialogues, Upendra's dramatic avatars, item songs and graphic violence form the essence of the film." She credited the performance of Upendra and the "screenplay saves the film somewhat as events unfold logically." IBNLive in its review gave the film a 1.5/5 rating and said it tests the watcher's "patience". It added that the film's plot was "clichéd" with a "misshapen screenplay" and that the music was "bland". Shashiprasad S. M. of Deccan Chronicle rated the film 1.5/5 and wrote, "Neither the script work is good or the making."

References

External links

2015 films
2010s Kannada-language films
2015 action thriller films
Indian action thriller films
Films about religion
Films scored by Mani Sharma
Films shot in Turkey
Films shot in Bangkok
Films shot in Chennai
Films shot in Thailand
Films shot in Mysore
Films shot in Bangalore

Shivam (2015 Kannada film)


The Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba is the representative of the Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II in the government of Manitoba. The Manitoba lieutenant governor is appointed in the same way as the other Canadian lieutenant governors. Most of the lieutenant governor's roles are ceremonial, such as giving provincial awards and decorations.

The office of Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba was created in 1870, when Manitoba became a province. The first lieutenant governor was Adams George Archibald, from 1870 to 1872.

Government of Manitoba
Canadian politicians

Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba


Anton Raaff (6 May 1714 – 28 May 1797) was a German tenor from Gelsdorf near Bonn.

Career
Raaff studied at the Jesuit school in Bonn where the Elector of Bavaria, Clement Augustus, heard him singing and paid for him to train professionally. Raaff was brought to the capital, Munich, where he was engaged on an annual salary of 2000 thalers. From Munich he was sent to Bologna to study the Italian style so he would be able to perform in the prevailing opera seria style.

In 1738 he was sent to Vienna to sing at the wedding ceremonies for Empress Maria Theresa, after which he was sent on a long period of overseas travel, during which time his fame grew.

From 1752 to 1755 he was in Lisbon, and from 1755 to 1759 in Madrid, where he sang with Farinelli. He worked in Naples from 1759 to 1769, after which he returned to Germany. Raaff sang the title role in the premiere of Mozart's 1781 opera Idomeneo; this was his last stage role. He spent his remaining years teaching and died in Munich in 1797.

In the opinion of Schubart, his was the most beautiful male voice of all time, and his diction perfect in several languages. When Elector Charles Theodore asked him to return home, he said he was not sure the Elector would be happy with him any more; indeed, his talents had begun to wane and Schubart noticed that Raaff's vibrato had become extremely marked.

References

External links

1714 births
1797 deaths
People from Ahrweiler (district)
German operatic tenors
People from the Duchy of Bavaria
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singers
18th-century German composers
18th-century German male opera singers

Anton Raaff


James Gordon Miller (born July 5, 1957) is a former American college and professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons during the 1980s.  Miller played college football for the University of Mississippi, and received All-American honors.  He played professionally for the San Francisco 49ers, Dallas Cowboys, and New York Giants of the NFL.   He won a super bowl.

Early years
Miller was born in Ripley, Mississippi and attended Ripley High School, where he played running back, wide receiver, cornerback and punter.

College career
Miller attended the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss), where he played for the Ole Miss Rebels football team from 1976 to 1979.  He started punting barefoot as a freshman (in high school he had to wear a shoe by rule), ranking third in the Southeastern Conference with a 40.5-yard punt average. For a while he doubled as a flanker and punter.

The next year, he led the NCAA with a 45.9-yard punting average, which was also a school and SEC record. As a junior, he finished with a 43.2-yard per punt average. In his last year he averaged 44.6-yards per punt.

At the time he set school records with an 82-yard punt against South Carolina in 1976, punt average in a season (45.9), most punts in a game (12), career punt average (43.4-yard), punts in a career (266), punting yards in
a season (3,283 yards) and total punt yards in a career (11,549). He was inducted into the Ole Miss Athletics Hall of Fame in 1995. He was named to the Ole Miss Team of the Century (1893-1992).

Professional career

San Francisco 49ers
Miller was selected in the third round of the 1980 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers, who had gone through three punters in three years. As a rookie, he was named to the All-rookie team after averaging 40.9 yards per punt. He was a part of the Super Bowl XVI championship team. He was waived before the start of the 1983 season, when he was passed on the depth chart by Tom Orosz.

Dallas Cowboys
On November 16, 1983, he was signed as a free agent by the Dallas Cowboys to replace the injured rookie John Warren. He only played in three games. He was released after losing the preseason competition with Warren on September 6, 1984.

New York Giants
In 1987, he punted in one game for the New York Giants, replacing an injured Sean Landeta. He was cut during the season the team won Super Bowl XXI.

He lives in Ripley, MS with his wife. He has a grandson that enjoys playing football with .

References

External links
October 16, 1978 Sports Illustrated: Ah! Those Punts Hit The Spot - Sports Illustrated feature on Jim Miller
Jim Miller: Barefoot Boy of the 49ers

1957 births
Living people
American football punters
Dallas Cowboys players
New York Giants players
Ole Miss Rebels football players
San Francisco 49ers players
All-American college football players
People from Ripley, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi

Jim Miller (punter)


In woodworking, a trestle table  is a table consisting of two or three trestle supports, often linked by a stretcher (longitudinal cross-member), over which a board or tabletop is placed.  In the Middle Ages, the trestle table was often little more than loose boards over trestle legs for ease of assembly and storage. This simple, collapsible style remained the most common Western form of table until the 16th century, when the basic trestle design gave way to stronger frame-based structures such as gateleg and refectory tables. Ease of assembly and storage has made it the ideal occasional table, and it remains a popular form of dining table, as those seated are not so inconvenienced as they might be with the more usual arrangement of a fixed leg at each corner.

Construction and uses
Trestle tables figure prominently in the traditional American style of household furnishings, usually accompanied by spindle-backed chairs. The trestles in this case are normally of much higher quality, often made of oak and braced with a stretcher beam using a keyed tenon through the centre of each trestle. These typically support a high-quality waxed oak tabletop.  Trestle tables are also used in the event furniture industry, they are the main table used at weddings and other types of venues today.

Heraldry

The trestle (also tressle, tressel and threstle) is (rarely) used as a charge in heraldry, and symbolically associated with hospitality (as historically the trestle was a tripod used both as a stool and to support tables at banquets).

See also
Picnic table
Refectory table
Sawbuck table
Table (furniture)
Trestle desk

References

External links
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Historical reference at Bartleby/Columbia Encyclopedia
Photos of a trestle table broken down into individual components at RL Goins

Tables (furniture)
Portable furniture

Trestle table


Robert S. Garrett (May 24, 1875 – April 25, 1961) was an American athlete, as well as investment banker and philanthropist in Baltimore, Maryland and financier of several important archeological excavations. Garrett was the first modern Olympic champion in discus throw as well as shot put.

Early and family life

Robert S. Garrett was born in then rural/suburban Baltimore County, Maryland (which surrounds the City of Baltimore) into one of Maryland's most prominent and wealthy families. For four generations, the Garretts ran Robert Garrett and Sons, a shipping and financing, investment banking firm founded by his Irish immigrant great-grandfather, also named Robert Garrett, in 1819. His grandfather John Work Garrett (1820-1884) had led the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (the first passenger railroad line established in America, 1827-1828), for nearly three decades (1858-1884), including supporting the Union during the American Civil War (1861-1865), making it by the middle of the 19th century as one of the most important lines in the nation, and also became an important philanthropist in Baltimore. His father was Thomas Harrison Garrett (1849-1888), and his mother the former Alice Dickerson Whitridge; his elder brother John Work Garrett (1872-1942) became a distinguished American diplomat for the United States Department of State.

Like his elder brother, Robert S. Garrett studied at Princeton University, in Princeton, New Jersey, where he excelled in track and field athletics as an undergraduate, and captained Princeton's track team in both his junior and senior years. Garrett married Katharine Barker Johnson (1885-1961), who survived him by less than a year. They had two sons and three daughters by 1920. Although their first daughter and son both died as infants, and their youngest son, a United States Army Air Corps pilot Lt. John Work Garrett (1924–1944) died during World War II (1939/1941-1945), and sons Harrison Garrett (1911–1994) and Johnson Garrett (1912–1979) survived their parents, as did daughters Katharine Garrett Bainbridge (1914–1999) and Ella Brock Johnson Garrett Brigham (1917–2006).

Athletic career

As an undergraduate, Garrett was primarily a shot-putter, though he also competed in the jumping events. When he decided to compete in the famous first modern Olympic games (First Olympiad) being revived and held in Athens, Greece, in 1896, Professor William Milligan Sloane suggested that Garrett also try the discus. They consulted classical authorities to develop a drawing and Garrett hired a blacksmith to make a discus. It weighed nearly 30 pounds (14 kg) and was impossible to throw any distance, so he gave up on the idea. Garrett paid for his own and three classmates' travel to Athens to compete in the games. Francis Lane would finish third in 100 m, Herbert Jamison finished second in 400 m, and Albert Tyler placed second in pole vault. When Garrett discovered that a real discus weighed less than five pounds, he decided to enter the event for fun.

1896 First Olympics
The three Greek discus throwers among the eleven men entered in the event were true stylists. Each throw, as they spun and rose from a classical Discobolus stance, was intended to be beautiful. Garrett threw the discus with tremendous force using a style more similar to the hammer throw, after seizing the discus in his right hand and swinging himself around and around. Garrett's first two throws were clumsy. Instead of sailing parallel to the ground, the discus turned over and over and narrowly missed hitting audience members. Both foreigners and Americans laughed at his efforts, and Garrett joined in the general merriment. His final throw, however, punctuated with a loud grunt, sent the discus sailing  beyond the second-place throw (by Panagiotis Paraskevopoulos) mark at .

American spectator Burton Holmes wrote: "All were stupefied. The Greeks had been defeated at their own classic exercise. They were overwhelmed by the superior skill and daring of the Americans, to whom they ascribed a supernatural invincibility enabling them to dispense with training and to win at games which they had never before seen." According to James Connolly, the winning Americans in five of the track and field events had not had a single day of outdoor practice since the previous fall.

Garrett also won the shot put with a distance of  and finished second in the high jump (tied equally with James Connolly at ) and second in the long jump (with a jump of ).

1900 Second Olympics
In the subsequent 1900 Olympics four years later, Garrett competed again and placed third in the shot put and the standing triple jump. His bronze medal in the shot put was unusual, as he refused to compete in the final because it was on a Sunday, his religious day of rest. However, his qualifying mark was good enough to place Garrett in third place. He also competed in the discus throw again, but due to a poorly planned course was unable to set a legal mark as all of his discus throws hit trees.

Garrett was also a member of the Tug-of-War team at the 1900 Olympics that was forced to withdraw because three of the six members were engaged in the hammer throw final.

Baltimore banker and civic leader

Garrett later became a banker and financier at his grandfather's historic mercantile firm, Robert Garrett and Sons, at their landmark office building on the southwest corner of South and Water Streets in downtown Baltimore.   He was an investor in the B&O Railroad.

Archeology and manuscripts

Garrett had an early intensive interest in science, especially in history and archeology, and became an early collector and important donor. He helped to organize and finance an archaeological expedition to Syria, led by Dr. John M. T. Finney. From 1932 to 1939, he was involved with the Committee for the Excavation of Antioch and Its Vicinity both helping to fund the excavations and working on them.  Garrett's hobby was collecting medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. Garrett amassed a collection of historical volumes of Western and non-Western manuscripts, fragments, and scrolls, originating from Europe, the Near East, Africa, Asia and Mesoamerica, ca. 1340 B.C. – A.D. 1900s. He inherited his collecting interest from his father, Thomas Harrison Garrett. After his father's sudden death in 1888, Robert spent the following two and a half years traveling extensively with his mother and two brothers, Horatio and John, in Europe and the Near East. During his travels Garrett developed a particular interest in manuscripts and began collecting. He used the text Universal Paleography: or, Facsimiles of Writing of All Nations and Periods by J. B. Silvester (by Sir Frederic Madden, London, 1949–50) as his guide for collecting primary examples of every known type of script.

Garrett was for many years an enthusiastic alumnus and served as trustee of Princeton University and also on the governing board of the Baltimore Museum of Art, founded in 1914 by his aunt Mary Elizabeth Garrett, (1857-1915), and working in the relocation and construction project of their new museum building designed by famous American architect John Russell Pope (1874-1937), on Art Museum Drive, off of North Charles Street, and adjacent to the also newly located Homewood Campus of The Johns Hopkins University. In 1942, Garrett donated his collection of more than 11,000 manuscripts to Princeton University, including the "Aksum Scrolls" and sixteen Byzantine Greek manuscripts, containing rare examples of illuminated Byzantine art.

Baltimore activist
Through a mayoral appointment, Garrett served as the chairman of the city's Public Improvement Commission. He was also largely responsible for bringing the new Boy Scouts of America youth organization to Baltimore in 1910, shortly after its national establishment and imported from Great Britain with founder . He managed the BSA in Baltimore until his retirement in 1934. In 1919, Garrett gave to the City of Baltimore a tract of land of a city block along East Patapsco Avenue, between Second and Third Streets in its recently annexed Brooklyn neighborhood in South Baltimore to be used as a public park, which was named in his honor.

Garrett helped develop Baltimore's public recreational facilities, many of which were privately funded by himself, colleagues and friends. Garrett organized the Public Athletic League which later merged with a similar earlier Children's Playground Association. He was the first chairman of Baltimore City's Bureau of Recreation, and the first chairman of the City's Board of Park Commissioners for the combined Department of Recreation and Parks. Garrett was through much of his life an active member of the National Recreation Association, and was elected its chairman in 1941.

In the Baltimore mayoral campaign of 1947, both the Republican and Democratic nominees promised that, if elected, they would name Garrett as chairman of the City's Department of Recreation and Parks. A devout Presbyterian throughout his life, he was a member of their national convention - the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and was recognized in 1948 as the year's outstanding layperson in the field of religious education by the International Council of Religious Education.

In the realm of civil rights for African-Americans, Garrett was a staunch conservative and opposed any racial integration of the City's public facilities in its parks, playgrounds, swimming pools, tennis courts and recreation centers. Controversies increased as the national civil rights movement expanded in the late 1940s and 1950s. Garrett was later asked to resign from the Board of Park Commissioners when a positive vote for integration was taken.

Death and legacy

Garrett died on April 25, 1961, in Baltimore, Maryland and was buried with other family members at Baltimore's historic Green Mount Cemetery, where his widow would also be buried by year's end. As noted above, the Garrett Park recreation area in Baltimore City's Brooklyn neighborhood, on East Patapsco Avenue, between Second and Third Streets, was donated and named for him. He donated his papers to Princeton University; the Library of Congress also has family papers

In the 1984 NBC television two-part miniseries, The First Olympics: Athens 1896, Garrett was portrayed by actor Hunt Block. In the second episode, Garrett was incorrectly portrayed as being a participant in the first Olympic Marathon.

See also
List of Princeton University Olympians

References

De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Athletics 1900".  Accessed March 18, 2006. Available electronically at .

Robert Garrett Papers, 1903-1949 (bulk 1920-1945), Princeton University Library, Manuscripts Division.  .

External links

"Antioch Field Excavation Reports, 1932-1935," Baltimore Museum of Art.
"Robert Garrett Diaries and Calling Card,1899-1900," Baltimore Museum of Art.
"Selected Maseterpieces from the Garret Collection of Prints," Baltimore Museum of Art.
"Robert Garrett family papers, 1778-1925," Library of Congress.

American male shot putters
American male discus throwers
American male high jumpers
American male long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1896 Summer Olympics
19th-century sportsmen
Athletes (track and field) at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Tug of war competitors at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in track and field
Olympic tug of war competitors for the United States
Medalists at the 1896 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Scouting pioneers
Track and field athletes from Baltimore
1875 births
1961 deaths
Olympic male high jumpers

Robert Garrett


The 303rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (303rd ACR) was a New York-based reconnaissance unit of the United States Army Organized Reserve Corps that briefly existed after World War II.

It traced its history back to the 303rd Cavalry Regiment, a reserve unit that existed during World War I and the interwar period. It was activated in early 1918 but broken up in the middle of the year to form new artillery units. The unit was recreated as a New York Organized Reserve unit during the interwar period, and was disbanded after the United States entered World War II.

History
The 303rd Cavalry was constituted shortly after the United States entered World War I on 18 May 1917, part of the National Army. Organized on 4 February 1918 at Camp Stanley, Leon Springs, Texas. It was split into the 52nd and 53rd Field Artillery Regiments and the 18th Trench Mortar Battery on 14 August. The three artillery units were demobilized on 13 February 1919 at Camp Travis, Texas.

On 15 October 1921, the 52nd and 53rd Regiments and the 18th Battery were reconstituted in the Organized Reserve and consolidated as the 303rd Cavalry, part of the 61st Cavalry Division's 152nd Cavalry Brigade in the Second Corps Area. The 303rd was initiated (activated) on 17 January 1922 with its headquarters in Manhattan. The 1st Squadron was headquartered in Manhattan and the 2nd Squadron in White Plains. The regiment's first executive officer was future World War II general Terry de la Mesa Allen. On 2 July 1929, the regiment was reorganized to add a new 3rd Squadron in Manhattan.

The regiment conducted summer training with the 1st Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont, and with the remainder of the 3rd Cavalry at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. It also conducted regular equestrian training using the horses of the 101st Cavalry Regiment in Manhattan. The 303rd's designated mobilization training station was the Syracuse Concentration Area in New York. After the United States entered World War II, it was disbanded on 18 October 1943 due to most of its officers being called up for active duty.

Postwar, the regiment was reconstituted on 21 October 1948 in the Organized Reserve Corps as the 303rd Armored Cavalry Regiment, and partially organized from existing units. On the same day, the Headquarters and Headquarters Troop (HHT) was redesignated from the HHT, 303rd Mechanized Cavalry Group, which had been reconstituted on 7 October 1946 in the Organized Reserves and activated on 1 November 1946 in New York City. The 303rd's 1st Battalion was redesignated on 10 November from the 461st Mechanized Cavalry Squadron, originally constituted on 15 October 1921 as the 151st Machine Gun Squadron in the 61st Cavalry Division and organized with headquarters at Albany in February 1922. It was reorganized and redesignated the 461st Armored Car Squadron on 1 July 1929, and became the 64th Tank Destroyer Battalion on 30 January 1942 before its disbandment on 11 November 1944. The 461st was reconstituted in the Organized Reserves and activated on 27 May 1947 in New York City. The 303rd ACR was inactivated on 31 July 1950 in New York City and disbanded on 10 March 1952.

Commanders
The following officers commanded the regiment between 1917 and 1941.
 Lieutenant Colonel Charles S. Haight (26 January–4 February 1918)
 Colonel Samuel McPherson Rutherford (4 February–13 August 1918)
 Colonel Latham R. Reed (17 January 1922 – 13 February 1931)
 Colonel Arthur M. Wolff (13 February 1931–June 1941)

Heraldry
The 303rd's distinctive unit insignia was approved on 23 October 1925, with the coat of arms following a day later. Both were rescinded on 2 March 1959. The distinctive unit insignia consisted of a  circular blue garter with a gold edge depicting the regimental motto, Toujours Pret et Audacieux, meaning "Always Ready and Fearless". The wings of a windmill were placed over the garter and a red star with a gold border was in turn placed over the center of the windmill. The red star symbolized the regiment's initial organization in Texas and World War I artillery service and the windmill symbolized New York City.

The regiment's coat of arms included a yellow shield divided by a diagonal red stripe with the shield of the New York National Guard's 51st Machine Gun Squadron in the canton. The wings of a windmill were depicted in red in the lower left below the stripe, while a red star was located in the upper right above the stripe. The star represented the regiment's initial organization in Texas, the stripe symbolized its conversion to artillery, and the canton represented the regiment's initial composition, as more than half of its personnel in the interwar period were ex-members of the 51st Machine Gun Squadron. The Organized Reserve's Minuteman crest was located above the shield.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Armored cavalry regiments of the United States Army
Cavalry regiments of the United States Army
Military units and formations established in 1917
Military units and formations disestablished in 1952
Military units and formations in New York (state)

303rd Armored Cavalry Regiment


Sethuraman Panayappan Sethuraman (born 25 February 1993 in Chennai) is an Indian chess grandmaster.

He achieved the three norms required for the grandmaster title with shared second place and a score of 8/10 points at the Parsvnath Open in New Delhi in 2009, third place and 6.5/9 score at the Paris International Championship in 2010, and winning the Voivoda Cup in Legnica with 7/9 in the same year.

Sethuraman won the 2004 Asian under-12 championship in Singapore and the 2009 world U16 championship in Antalya. In 2014, Sethuraman took team bronze medal with the Indian team at the 41st Chess Olympiad in Tromsø and won the Indian National Premier Championship. With this win, he qualified for the Chess World Cup 2015, where he knocked out Sanan Sjugirov in round one and compatriot Pentala Harikrishna in the second round, before being eliminated by Shakhriyar Mamedyarov in the third.

In 2016 he won the Asian Chess Championship in Tashkent.

In February 2018, he participated in the Aeroflot Open. He finished second out of ninety-two, scoring 6½/9 (+5–1=3).

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Indian chess players
World Youth Chess Champions
Tamil sportspeople

S. P. Sethuraman


Gervase Avenel (died 1219), Lord of Eskdale and Abercorn was a 12th-13th century noble. He served as Justiciar in Lothian between 1206 until 1215 and served as Constable of Roxburgh Castle. He was a son of Robert Avenel and Sybil. Gervase was buried in the Chapter House of Melrose Abbey.

Marriage and issue
Gervase married Sybil, of unknown parentage, and is known to have the following issue:
Gervase Avenel
Roger Avenel (died 1243)
John Avenel
Robert Avenel

References
People of Medieval Scotland Gervase Avenel, lord of Eskdale (d.1219), accessed 3 October 2018.

Year of birth unknown
1219 deaths
History of Dumfriesshire
People associated with West Lothian
Burials at Melrose Abbey

Gervase Avenel


Leisure Connection Ltd is a fitness and leisure provider and manager of facilities on behalf of local government, national sporting bodies and businesses in UK.

Background
Leisure Connection was formed from the merger of Relaxion and Circa leisure companies and is now part of the multinational Danoptra Group. In 2008, the Cognetas investment company, formerly Electra Partners Europe, sold their interest in Danoptra to Credit Suisse.

In recent years Leisure Connection has faced increasing competition for local authority contracts, not just from other companies but also from not-for-profit leisure trusts. It has sought to replace the dwindling margins of traditional contracts with private finance initiatives and more recently, running facilities owned by other companies including hotels.

Leisure Connection's reputation has not been helped by frequent changes of Chief Executive, reports of poor standards, contracts terminated by dissatisfied councils, and involvement in the Clissold Leisure Centre, a new built facility that opened in February 2002 and closed in November 2003. In 2006, while Clissold was still closed, Hackney Council and Leisure Connection agreed to end their contract.

Since 2008, the Leisure Connection brand has been replaced to a large extent by Harpers Fitness. Other brands that belong to Leisure Connection include Camp Energy, Aqua Action Swim School, Learning Hub, Venue Connect, Planet Action and Party Animals.

Key facts and figures
 Over 60 centres
 Managing the centre of excellence for disability sport at Stoke Mandeville Stadium
 28 centres with squash courts
 32 with badminton courts
 91 swimming pools ranging from 50 metre pools to teaching pools, baby splash pools and leisure pools
 22 centres with indoor or outdoor tennis courts
 2 centres with golf courses
 11 centres with football pitches
 50,000 Harpers gym members
 Over 40,000 children learning to swim each week
 25 million visitors each year
 4,000 employees

References

Leisure Connection Watch - Consumer monitoring site
 Royston, Jack (21 March 2011). "Leisure Connection loses Harrow Council contract for Harrow Leisure Centre, Hatch End Pool and Bannister Sports Centre". Harrow Times.
 "Leisure Connection fined over chemical burns to boy". BBC News. 6 December 2013.
 (Staff writer) (11 May 2012). "Manifest wins Leisure Connection account". The Drum.
 "Leisure Connection Narrowly Lose out to Apleby in League Cup Semi Finals". News & Star. 6 February 2004.

External links
 Leisure Connection corporate website

Sport in the United Kingdom
Service companies of the United Kingdom

Leisure Connection


Parekunnel Joseph Thomas (1895 - 1965) was the first economic advisor of independent India. He was a Member of the Madras Legislative Council and later Member of the upper house (Rajya Sabha) of the Indian Parliament.

Biography
He was born on 25 February 1895 at Kuravilangad, near Palai, in Meenachil Taluk, Kottayam District, Kerala as the son of Thommen Ouseph and Annama Thomas of the Pakalomattam-Parekunnel family. He had his schooling at St. Ephraim's High School, Mannanam and did Intermediate at C M.S. College, Kottayam and M.A. at Department of Economics, St. Joseph's College, Trichy.

Initially he worked as a lecturer at University College, Trivandrum. In 1920 he went to UK and took B.Litt. from Balliol College, University of Oxford (1920–1922) and later D.Phil., also from University of Oxford (1922–1924). On his return he worked as professor at the University of Ceylon (1924–1927) and the University of Madras (1927–1942).

His public life started when he became a Member of the Madras Legislative Council in 1937 and continued as a Member up to 1942. In 1942 he became adviser, Department of Finance, Government of India, held that position during India's independence and continued for 6 years up to 1948. Dr Thomas signed the Bretton Woods Agreement that founded the IMF and the World Bank. He was a member of the Indian delegation that signed the United Nations Charter in 1945.

After leaving government service, he functioned as the founder-principal of St. Thomas College, Palai (1950–1952). He later became a Member of Rajya Sabha (1957–1962).

He died on 26 July 1965 and is buried at the Infant Jesus Church, South Vazhakulam which falls under the Kizhakambalam forane of Ernakulam-Angamaly archdiocese, at Aluva, in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

Famous works
'The Indian calico trade and its influence on English history', B.Litt. thesis, Oxford, 1922.'
 Mercantilism and the East India trade', P. S. King and Son Ltd., London, 1926
 'The South Indian tradition of the Apostle Thomas', Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London, England, 1924, Centenary supplement, pp. 213–223
 'The beginnings of calico-printing in England', English historical review, XXXIX(154), April 1924, pp. 206–216.'
 'Was the Apostle St. Thomas in South India?', Madras, 1929
 'An ancient monastery of St. Thomas in Mylapore', Madras, 1934.
 'The problem of rural indebtedness', Madras, 1934.
 'India in the world depression', The Economic Journal, Vol. 45, No. 179, Sep. 1935, pp. 469–483.
 'Malayalam literature and Christians' SPCS, Kottayam, 1961. First Edition: St. Mary's Press, Athirampuzha, 1935
 'Economic depression in the Madras presidency (1825–54)', with B. Natarajan, The Economic History Review, VII(1), Nov. 1936, pp. 67–75
 'The marriage customs of the St. Thomas Christians of Malabar', Madras, 1936.
 'Indian currency in the depression', The Economic Journal, Vol. 48, No. 190, Jun. 1938, pp. 237–248.'The growth of federal finance in India: being a survey of India's public finances from 1833 to 1939', Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, Madras, 1939. Partly composed as D.Phil. thesis, Oxford, 1924.
 'Indian agricultural statistics: an introductory study', with N. Sundararama Sastry, University of Madras, Madras, 1939. Review.
 'Economic results of prohibition in the Salem District (Oct. 1937-Sept. 1938)', University of Madras economics series, no. 2, Madras, 1940.
 'Commodity prices in South India, 1918-1938', with N. Sundararama Sastry, University of Madras economics series, no. 3, Madras, 1940.
 'Some South Indian villages: a resurvey', with R. C. Ramakrishnan, University of Madras economics series, no. 4, Madras, 1940. Review.
 'Studies in the price of rice in South India', Sankhya: the Indian journal of statistics, V(3), 1940, pp. 195–200.
 'The census as an agency for economic planning', Sankhya: the Indian journal of statistics, V(3), 1940, pp. 247–248.
 'Report on the regulation of the stock market in India', Department of Finance, Government of India, 1948
 'India's basic industries', Orient Longman, Calcutta, 1948.'Kerala's trading class', Journal of the Rama Varma Archaeological Society, XIV (1948), Trichur.
 'St. Thomas the Apostle: A souvenir of the 19th century of his arrival in India', Ernakulam, 1952.

References

External links

1965 deaths
1895 births
University of Madras alumni
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
20th-century Indian economists
Malayalam-language writers
Historians of India
Historians of the Catholic Church
Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
People from Kottayam district
20th-century Indian historians
Scientists from Kerala

P. J. Thomas, Parakunnel


The Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain (Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art), also known as MAMAC, is a museum dedicated to modern art and contemporary art. It opened on 21 June 1990, in Nice, France.

In 2010, the museum welcomed 162,951 visitors, making it the second most frequently visited single site in Nice.

Location
The Museum is located near the Place Garibaldi. It was designed by two architects, Yves Bayard and Henri Vidal, and is shaped as a tetrapod arch straddling the course of the Paillon. The monumentality of the project developed to cross the Paillon allows connection through a terrace, called the Promenade des Arts, from the Museum to the Theater. With its square plan, the architecture of the building is inspired by neo-classicism rules. The available area is approximately 4,500 m2, distributed over ten showrooms. The facades are covered with smooth white Carrara marble. The entrance and the shop are located at the level of the esplanade Niki de Saint Phalle, which overlooks the Place Yves Klein. The gallery spaces are devoted to temporary exhibitions on the first floor, and the permanent collections are on the second and third floors. The entrance is free and opens daily from 10.00 am to 6:00 pm, except on Mondays and some holidays.

Collections
The collections present an overview of the artistic creations considered as avant-garde, from the late 1950s to today, which belong to different movements:
 The European New Realists with Arman, Yves Klein, and Martial Raysse, alongside César Baldaccini, Christo, Niki de Saint Phalle, Mimmo Rotella, François Dufrêne, Jean Tinguely, Gérard Deschamps, Daniel Spoerri, Raymond Hains, and Jacques Villeglé
 American Pop art is represented by a collection of works by Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Indiana, Andy Warhol, James Rosenquist, Claes Oldenburg, Tom Wesselmann, and neo-Dadaist assemblages of Rauschenberg
 The School of Nice: Ben Vautier, Sacha Sosno and Robert Malaval is close to several representative works of Fluxus
 The Arte Povera includes artists such as Pier Paolo Calzolari, Michelangelo Pistoletto, Enrica Borghi, and Jan Fabre
 Supports and Surfaces are represented through Noel Dolla, Marcel Alocco, André-Pierre Arnal, Louis Cane, Daniel Dezeuze, Vincent Bouliès, Marcel Devade, Christian Jaccard, Claude Pagès, and Claude Viallat
 The American minimalism and color field is shown with Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, Ellsworth Kelly, Larry Poons, and Frank Stella.

Donations and deposits
Since the opening, Yves Klein has a room which displays approximately twenty of his works, several of them belonging to the permanent collection of the museum.

In October 2001, Niki de Saint Phalle bequeathed a large part of her collection to the city of Nice for the museum. The donation consists of 170 works including 63 paintings and sculptures, 18 prints, 40 lithographs, serigraphs, and 54 many original documents.

In 2004, artist Albert Chubac gave a hundred works to the Museum.

In 2010, the collector Khalil Nahoul offered 94 art pieces (paintings, drawings, prints).

Temporary exhibitions

Since the opening of the Museum on June 21, 1990, over 213 exhibitions have been presented.
 3 exhibitions are actually running (May 2013)
 8 exhibitions were shown at the Galerie des Ponchettes
 34 exhibitions were shown in the display cabinet
 89 exhibitions were shown at the Museum's Galery
 79 exhibitions were shown in the Museum

Bibliography
 Musée d'art moderne et d'art contemporain, Éditions des Arts graphiques, Nice, 1997 ()

References

External links
 Official site
 Collection on line

Art museums and galleries in France
Museums in Nice
Art museums established in 1990
Musee d'art moderne et d'art contemporain
Modern art museums in France
Contemporary art galleries in France


John Scott Peet (1915 - 29 June 1988 in East-Berlin) was a British journalist who defected to East Germany (the German Democratic Republic) in 1950.

Biography

Parental family

John Peet was born on 27 November 1915, the third child of Hubert William Peet (1886 - 1951) and his wife, Edith Mary, born Scott. He had two older sisters and a younger brother, Stephen. John's parents were Quakers, unlike his four grandparents who were Congregationalist. His mother's parents had served as missionaries.

John went to the Quaker boarding schools at Saffron Walden and then Bootham

His father was a journalist, who wrote religious news and also edited the weekly Quaker magazine The Friend from 1932 to 1949. He was also an absolutist conscientious objector, who suffered three terms of imprisonment for his refusal to obey military orders.

Grenadier Guard
"For complex reasons", after Quaker School, John Peet joined the Grenadier Guards. According to his brother, Stephen, he was bought out after three months

Spanish episode
John Peet fought in the Spanish Civil War with the International Brigade.

He travelled and worked in various European cities, until 1939, when he joined the British Army, serving in the British Mandate of Palestine. There he ran the news section of Jerusalem Radio, until he was recruited by Reuters News agency in 1945.

International journalist
He worked for Reuters in Palestine, Vienna and Warsaw and covered the Nuremberg trials after World War II, November 1945 to October 1946.

Defection
After three years as a reporter in Berlin, Peet announced, during a Press Conference in East Berlin in 1950, that he was leaving the West because of West German rearmament.

From 1952 to 1975, Peet produced the Democratic German Report, a fortnightly newsletter targeting the left-of-centre public opinion in the United Kingdom. His positive portrayal of the GDR was among the GDR's most believable and powerful propaganda in Britain.

He spent the last ten years of his life translating Marx and Engels into English. The Times (London) published three of his letters to the Editor during his exile.

Many East Germans saw Peet as the archetypical Englishman, and he played this character in several East German films.

Peet was married four times. In 1952, he married the Bulgarian Ravensbrück survivor Georgia Tanewa (1923-2012) and they had two children.

He died on 29 June 1988, after a long illness. He was survived by his fourth wife, Engelgard.
An autobiography, The Long Engagement was published after his death, with an introduction by Len Deighton. In these memoirs, Peet writes about his defection stating he "could no longer serve the Anglo-American warmongers ...". He also writes about his relationship with Soviet intelligence.

References

Other sources
Friendly enemies: Britain and the GDR 1949-1990, by Stefan Berger and Norman Lapole; Berghahn Books, New York and London (2010). Text available online (minus index)

British communists
British male journalists
British defectors to East Germany
British people of the Spanish Civil War
British spies for the Soviet Union
1915 births
1988 deaths
International Brigades personnel

John Peet (1915–1988)


is a Japanese video game composer. After working for Konami in the early 1990s, he was employed by Squaresoft and then Square Enix from 1995 to 2009. He is best known for scoring Threads of Fate and co-composing Final Fantasy X for Squaresoft, arranging for Dawn of Mana and the Nintendo DS version of Final Fantasy IV for Square Enix, and scoring arcade video games such as X-Men and Mystic Warriors for Konami. Nakano has collaborated with Masashi Hamauzu on a number of games.

He was introduced to music at the age of three when his parents offered him lessons in the electronic organ. After studying composition and arrangement at a vocational school, Nakano worked for Konami from 1991 to 1994, where he scored numerous arcade games. Nakano is noted for his ambient style and for using percussion, timbre, and rhythm in his compositions.

Biography
Junya Nakano was born in Kyoto, Japan. His parents introduced him to music when he was three years old, offering him lessons in the electronic organ through the Yamaha Music Foundation; they also encouraged him to join some brass bands. After playing the 1979 arcade game Lunar Rescue, he developed an interest in video games and subsequently began to enjoy chiptune music. By frequently listening to the radio, he started composing MIDI music using the NEC PC-9801 in 1985. In 1987, he attended a vocational school to study composition and arrangement in hopes of entering the gaming industry. After graduation, he joined the Kobe branch of Konami in 1991, where he contributed music to eight arcade games with several collaborators over a three-year period, including titles such as X-Men and Mystic Warriors. Deciding he wanted to create more original music and have a chance to receive individual recognition, Nakano left Konami after completing the score for Golfing Greats 2 in 1994.

Nakano joined Square (now Square Enix) in 1995. He created four pieces for the 1996 video game Front Mission: Gun Hazard, which featured composers Nobuo Uematsu, Yasunori Mitsuda, and Masashi Hamauzu. His first solo project came about with Satellaview's Treasure Conflix the same year. In 1996, Nakano joined several of Square's composers to create the soundtrack for the fighting game Tobal No. 1; he contributed three compositions. Hamauzu and Nakano became friends after working on Front Mission: Gun Hazard and Tobal No. 1, and they have later collaborated on several titles. In 1997, Nakano served as synthesizer programmer for the score to Front Mission: Alternative. Nakano composed the soundtrack for the Japan-only adventure game Another Mind, which he was given a deadline of two months to complete. His subsequent score to the 1999 title Threads of Fate (known as "Dewprism" in Japan) gave him worldwide recognition.

Since scoring Threads of Fate, Nakano has collaborated with several composers on major projects instead of being the sole composer. In 2001, Nakano and Hamauzu were chosen to assist Uematsu in the production of the score for the critically acclaimed Final Fantasy X, based on their ability to create music that was different from Uematsu's style; Nakano created 20 pieces. One of his tracks from the game, "Guadosalam", was arranged for the piano and featured in the album Piano Collections Final Fantasy X (2002). Following Final Fantasy X, Nakano composed the soundtrack to Asmik Ace Entertainment's flight simulator Sidewinder F.

Back at Square Enix, he created the music for Musashi: Samurai Legend with Hamauzu and the duo Wavelink Zeal (Takayuki and Yuki Iwai) in 2004. In 2006, Nakano created seven tracks for the Xbox 360 game Project Sylpheed, which also featured several other composers. Later the same year, he arranged four pieces from the Mana series for Dawn of Mana (known as "Seiken Densetsu 4" in Japan). He was also selected to arrange half of Final Fantasy IVs Nintendo DS remake under the supervision of Uematsu, and composed the soundtrack to its 2008 sequel, Final Fantasy IV: The After Years. On December 31, 2009, Nakano confirmed that he had left Square Enix and would be joining his former mentor and collaborator Yuji Takenouchi's supergroup "GeOnDan", whom have since disbanded. Nakano's last projects for Square Enix before leaving were the soundtracks to Fullmetal Alchemist: Prince of the Dawn and Daughter of the Dusk.

Musical style and influences
Nakano is best known for creating ambient music with percussive, timbral, and rhythmic elements. According to an interview conducted by the website RocketBaby.net, Nakano was composing music focusing on an instrument's tone and acoustics until 1995, while after that time, he slowly moved his focus toward studying the harmony and melody important to music as a whole. After joining Square, he started focusing on rhythm and timbre which he implemented in titles like Front Mission: Gun Hazard, Treasure Conflix, and Tobal No. 1. The music in Threads of Fate contains many different styles like ambient, jazz, and Spanish music; the tracks have been described as "mellow" and "upbeat". For Final Fantasy X, Nakano was responsible for most of the ambient-styled compositions, which featured percussion, timbre, and rhythm. Nakano stated in the original soundtrack's liner notes that he wanted to create music with a "vibrant and dynamic feel" that tied together his years of experience with game music.

When starting out in the field of music, he was influenced by brass bands he was involved with and electronic organ music; however, he could not think of a specific musician who influenced him. Nakano cites Hamauzu as the colleague he admires most at Square Enix, and is particularly interested in the sounds he creates. When asked about his thoughts of Uematsu and how he had influenced his work, Nakano replied: "He is a very youthful and active person, but he hasn't influenced my work."

Works
All works listed below were composed by Nakano unless otherwise noted.

References

External links
Junya Nakano's profile
Junya Nakano's profile from Square Enix

1971 births
Ambient composers
Japanese composers
Japanese male composers
Japanese music arrangers
Living people
Musicians from Kyoto
Square Enix people
Video game composers

Junya Nakano


was a Japanese electrical engineer, inventor of the non-loaded cable carrier system, the Minister of the Ministry of Communications (Teishin-in, between August 30, 1945, and April 8, 1946), politician and the founder of Tokai University. He is also known as a patron of Yasuhiro Yamashita, a judo champion from Tokai University.

Life
He was born in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan and graduated from Tohoku Imperial University in 1925. After entering the Ministry of Communications as an engineer, he proposed the idea of Long Distance Non-Loaded Cable Carrier Communication System in 1932. In 1933, he was sent to Germany by the Government for one year, and exchanged opinions with engineers such as of Siemens factories. The Long Distance Non-Loaded Cable Carrier Communication System was realized between Harbin of Manchuria and Japan. In 1940, he assumed the post of the general affairs department of the Taisei Yokusankai (大政翼賛会, "Imperial Rule Assistance Association") which was Japan's para-fascist organization created by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe on October 12, 1940, to promote the goals of his Shintaisei movement. In 1941, he was appointed General Director of the Engineering Department of the Ministry of Communications. In 1943, he established a school for airplane technology in Shimizu, Shizuoka Prefecture, and in 1949 a school for wireless science in Nakano, Tokyo; these schools joined later to a school called Tokai Science School. During World War II, he changed his opinions and left the Taisei Yokusankai and strongly opposed the policy of the Hideki Tojo cabinet. Matsumae was sent to the front of the Philippines, as a second class private in the Imperial Army. Right before the end of the war, he returned to Japan. He was appointed Minister of Communications in 1945.  Between January 1950 and June 1951, he was purged from public service. Later, he assumed the post of the President of Tokai University, which was constructed based on the schools established earlier. In 1952, he was elected a member of the Lower House of the Japanese Parliament and served for 17 years belonging to the Socialist Party. In 1966, he established a cultural exchange system Nihon Taigai Bunka Kyokai at the request of Soviet Russia, and assumed the post of its president. He boasted that he could talk to the Chief Secretary personally by telephone. He was also a judo player and as the top of Students' Association of Judo, he staged harsh struggles with the Kodokan, the traditional association of judo. He established the Matsumae International Foundation in 1979. He has established a large number of educational cultural exchange programs with universities throughout the world. For his efforts he received numerous honorary degrees from various countries. He died in 1991 at the age of 89.

World War II
At age 42, he was sent to the Philippines as a private soldier, as a punitive treatment by Hideki Tojo. At that time, Matsumae was the top of the engineering bureau of the Tsushin-in (Ministry of Communications), and the draft came in a telegram on July 18, 1944. A document of the draft came from the Mayor of Kumamoto. In spite of all efforts from his side, he was sent to Manila, Saigon, and Singapore. He came back to Japan in January 1945.

Nuclear research
Atom bomb was dropped on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 at 9:15 am. To look into the nature of the new type of bomb "Hiroshima Bomb Investigation Group" was formed and Matsumae was appointed as its leader. On 8 August 1945, the Hiroshima Bomb Investigation Group (Shigeyoshi Matsumae accompanied by a team of technicians) set off from Tokorozawa in a military aircraft bound for Hiroshima.  As the team left the aircraft and walked into the city area the scene of desolation was indescribable.  Besides the heaps of corpses the survivors, their bodies terribly burnt, squatted vacantly. Matsumae found his way into the Hiroshima telegraph office which Matsumae visited previously and went inside the shell of the building. Matsumae found the blackened body of the Director, Tadasi Yoshida, who had helped him with the development of non-loaded cable. He had already been laid to rest. Squatting by his side was his wife, apparently drained of blood (5 days later she died of radiation sickness).

Wherever Matsumae took measurements of radiation, the amount of deadly radiation was  far above normal.  Matsumae and technicians of his team were continuously being bathed in radiation and had no idea when their bodies would start to undergo some change.  They worked desperately, since Matsumae had a duty to the dead to record all the details of the appalling scene and to transmit these to posterity.  On 10 August 1945 Matsumae returned to Tokyo with the results of the investigation and submitted the report to the Emperor.  The book "My Turbulent life in a Turbulent Century" by Dr. Shigeyoshi Matsumae, Published by Tokai University Press shows a photo of Matsumae carrying out the radiation measurements in Hiroshima in page 159.

Religion and education
While serving as an engineer in Tokyo, he attended Bible classes by Uchimura Kanzō, the founder of the Nonchurch Movement (Mukyōkai) of Christianity in the Meiji and Taishō period Japan. Matsumae was deeply interested in him, especially in his talk on Denmark and education there. Matsumae was interested further in education, leading to the establishment of many schools later, and the European center of Tokai University in Copenhagen, in 1970. In 1971, Hirohito and Empress Kōjun paid a visit there.

Family
The father of Shigeyoshi Matsumae was the chief of a village, Kashima town, Kumamoto. There was one elder brother, named Akiyoshi, who became a pharmacist and a judo champion (once, No. 1 in Japan) who helped Shigeyoshi financially. Akiyoshi built a training hall and Shigeyoshi also became a strong judoist.
Tatsuro Matsumae, the first son of Shigeyoshi is the chief President of Tokai University. Norio Matsumae, the second son, was previously the President of Tokai University and Aogu Matsumae, the third son, was previously the President of Hokkaido Tokai University. Yoshiaki Matsumae, the first son of Tatsuro Matsumae is the vice President of Tokai University.

Bibliography
 Record of a 2nd Private Soldier Tokai University Press.
 A Collection of Works by Shigeyoshi Matsumae in 10 volumes, Tokai University Press.
This includes Record of my discovery Exploring Denmark culture, Progress of Science and materialistic conception of history, My views on Politics in these present days of science, Science changes history, Record of a 2nd private soldier, Science, Technology and Thought, My Thought on Religion, Dialogues of Shigeyoshi Matsumae, Poems of Shigeyoshi Matsumae, My thought on modern culture,  Let's live in young days (Collection of lectures of Matsumae at Bosei Juku,  Revized edition of Electric Communications (Matsumae and Kitahara).
 Exploring Bushido Thoughts
My Turbulent life in a turbulent century 1982, by Dr.Shigeyoshi Matsumae,  TOKAI UNIVERSITY PRESS,  C0023.

Honours
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (1971)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (1982)
Senior third rank in the order of precedence
Honorary degree at the Technical University Dresden (1979)
Inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame (2022)

References
Kumamoto Prefecture Encyclopedia  Kumamoto Nichinichi Shinbun, 1982 p. 759
Kimio Mori, Kumamoto Prefecture Modern Cultural Persons with Achievements Kumamoto Prefecture Educational Committee, 1989 p. 178-189
Hisaya Shirai(edit) Matsumae Shigeyoshi - My Showa History Asahi Shinbun sha, 1987.
Mamoru Sakamoto, Shishifunjin(With lionlike force)- Shigeyoshi Matsumae Story  Nishinippon Shimnun sha,1983.

Footnotes

People from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japanese electrical engineers
20th-century Japanese politicians
1901 births
1991 deaths
Japanese educators
University and college founders
20th-century Japanese engineers
Imperial Japanese Army personnel of World War II
Imperial Japanese Army soldiers
Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame inductees

Shigeyoshi Matsumae


The Dispositio Achillea (also: Constitutio Achillea or Achillean House Law) was the disposition of the territories of Elector Albert III Achilles of Brandenburg as regulated in his last will and testament of 1473.

In particular, the Achillea Dispositio stipulated that the Mark Brandenburg was to remain undivided and to be inherited in its entirety by the eldest son (at Albrecht Achilles death, that would be John Cicero). This was a requirement of the Golden Bull: electorates were required to be indivisible. Albrecht Achilles's younger sons, Frederick I and Siegmund would inherit the Franconian Margraviates of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach (later Brandenburg-Bayreuth), and draw lots to decide who would inherit which principality. If Albrecht Achilles were to have any more sons (which he did not), they would not inherit any land and should instead pursue an ecclesiastical career.

Strictly speaking, at the time the Dispositio Achillea was written, it only defined the division of the Margraviates among the sons of the Margrave of the day. Over time, however, it was accepted as a succession principle of the House of Hohenzollern and in 1541 the Dispositio Achillea and the House Treaty of Regensburg were accepted as a binding house law of the Hohenzollern dynasty.

The central element of Achillea Dispositio was the principle of the indivisibility of the Mark Brandenburg, which it made part of the Hohenzollern House law, and not—as previously—only a clause in the Golden Bull. At the same time, it provided the cornerstone for a development that eventually lead to progressive separation of the Mark Brandenburg from the Hohenzollern stem lands in Franconia. It created the two territories of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach, which were only reunited with the Mark's successor state of Prussia in 1792.

References and sources
 Gerhard Taddey: Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte, Stuttgart, 1998,
 M. Spindler, A. Kraus: Geschichte Frankens bis zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts, Munich, 1997,
House of Hohenzollern
1473 in Europe
1470s in the Holy Roman Empire
1470s in law

Dispositio Achillea


During war, or when a country is occupied, many people who serve in the military are present in that country. Some of these people are soldiers, other people are part of military personnel. Women who marry those people are known as war brides. The effect is well-documented for the period of the First and Second World War, but it also applies to other wars, such as the Philippine–American War, the Vietnam War, the Korean War or the Occupation of Japan.

Marriage

War bride


Sunday School is a kind of schooling found in many churches or other Christian communities. Classes are done on Sundays. Before or after the main part of worship, a class is held to learn more about that church's teachings and about the Bible. Sometimes the class is only for children, sometimes adults go there as well and sometimes there are different classes for adults and for children.

Development

Sunday schools were first set up in the 1780s to provide education to working children on their one day off from the factory. Robert Raikes contributed to their development. Raikes was the editor of The Glouchestor Journal, and he wanted to stop children from becoming bad. In 1805, Stockport Sunday School made a school for 5000 students. In the late 19th century this was the largest in the world.
The first Sunday school in London opened at Surrey Chapel by a pastor named Rowland Hill. By 1831, 1,250,000 children went every week to Sunday School in Great Britain. This was bout 25 percent of the people.

The American Sunday School system was first begun by Samuel Slater in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, in the 1790's.

Some Roman Catholic churches do Sunday schools, though Catholics commonly refer to Sunday school as "Catechism class".

Priests or pastors sometimes teach Sunday schools.

References

Other websites

Lesson guides and printable Bible activities
Apostolic Children's Ministry

Christian behavior and experience
Religious education

Sunday school


Mary Pierce and Rennae Stubbs were the defending champions, but had different outcomes. While Pierce did not compete this year, Stubbs partnered with Cara Black, but they lost in first round to Daniela Hantuchová and Chanda Rubin.

Nadia Petrova and Meghann Shaughnessy won the title, defeating Conchita Martínez and Virginia Ruano Pascual 6–7(2–7), 6–4, 6–3 in the final. It was the 5th title of the year for the pair, and the 9th title for both Petrova and Shaughnessy in their respective careers.

Seeds

Draw

Draw

External links
 Main and Qualifying Draws

JPMorgan Chase Open Doubles
2004 Women's Doubles

2004 JPMorgan Chase Open – Doubles


Water polo is a sport played in water with a ball. It has similarities to basketball and soccer, although players are in the pool. Players try to get the ball into the goal more times than the opposing team, without using goggles.

Outline
Water polo is a team game. Two teams play a match. Each match has four periods called quarters. The length of each period is usually between 5 and 8 minutes. Because the amount of time spent on fouls or out throws is not counted in the quarter time, an average quarter really lasts around 12 minutes.

Each team has six field players and one goalkeeper. Water polo players need to be good at swimming and ball handing. They need good reflexes and awareness.

Players must keep floating in a game. Players may not stand on the bottom of the pool.

Water polo is played in a pool : depth is above 2 m, a vertical line is 30 m and width is 20 m.

Positions
 Goal Keeper (2)
 Floater (1)
 Floater Back (1)
 Driver (4)

Equipments
To play water polo, you need swimwear, caps, mouth guards, a ball and a goal.
The caps' design is unique. They are designed to protect head and ears.

Fouls
 Putting an offensive player who doesn't have a ball under the water; a defensive player who does this should go outside of the field for 20 seconds
 Sinking a ball
 Grasping a carrier's swimwear
 Touching a ball with both hands
 Putting both hands up to defend from shoot

History
The rules of water polo were originally developed in the mid-nineteenth century in Great Britain by William Wilson. The game originated as a form of rugby football played in rivers and lakes in England and Scotland with a ball constructed of Indian rubber, probably from the 1850s onwards.

Famous players
 Francesco di Fulvio
 Kan Aoyagi
 Seichiro Okuda
 Yoshitaka Koike
 Gerben Zwiep

Other websites
 FINA Official Website
 Waterpolo-world
 Water Polo Planet
 Coaching Information on Water Polo

Summer Olympic sports

Water polo


Michel Déon (; 4 August 1919 – 28 December 2016) was a French novelist and literary columnist. He published over 50 works and was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Prix Interallié for his 1970 novel, Les Poneys sauvages (The Wild Ponies). Déon's 1973 novel Un taxi mauve received the Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française. His novels have been translated into numerous languages.

He is considered to have been one of the most innovative French writers of the 20th century. In 1978, Déon was elected to the Académie française.

Early years
Michel Déon was born in Paris on 4 August 1919, the only child of a civil servant and his wife. His father took his family along on the many foreign trips his work required, stimulating his son's interest in travel and cross-cultural relations that came to define his writings. Déon's father died in 1933 while on assignment in Monaco serving as advisor to Prince Louis. He and his mother returned to Paris, where Déon attended the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly. Although he was passionate about literature and journalism, Déon acquiesced to familial pressure and studied law in college.

Born a year after the end of World War I, he adopted the pacifism popular with many others of his generation. When drafted into the French military, he was assigned to the 152nd regiment under General de Lattre. Back to civil life, he was secretary to Charles Maurras, an elderly writer and poet, member of the Académie française since 1938, and the main inspiration behind Action Française, a counter-revolutionary, monarchist political movement who embraced collaboration. In Lyon, Deon mostly helped Maurras in editing the quality newspaper of the same name. Maurras, a fatherly figure, instilled in the young Déon a distaste for both demagogy and fascism. Déon said that freedom is his highest value, both in life and for the individual. This crucial experience is related in Déon's book of memories, "les Vingt ans du jeune homme vert" ( or Green young man, see below.)

Career
At the end of World War II, Déon returned to Paris to dedicate himself to a literary career. He first worked for a series of small-press French newspapers to support himself while drafting a novel and short stories. His first collection of short stories, Adieux à Sheila, was published in 1944.

Shortly after his first publication, Déon received a Rockefeller Foundation grant that supported his travels through the United States. While there, Déon worked alongside William Faulkner and Saul Bellow. Their collaboration proved beneficial for all three of them and Déon assisted Bellow in translating his works into French.

Alongside such contemporary French writers as Jacques Laurent, Antoine Blondin, and Roger Nimier, Déon staunchly opposed the existentialism of Sartre and other prominent cultural figures. Déon and his fellow authors became known as Les Hussards, named after Nimier's novel The Blue Hussar. They were recognized for their innovative unconventionality, sympathy for the bizarre underdog, and pervasive refusal to adopt fashionable themes and tone.

In 1944, Roland Laudenbach and Jean Cocteau founded Éditions de la Table ronde (Round Table Publishing), a publishing enterprise that published works by many members of Les Hussards. Table ronde published several of Déon's novels, including Les Gens de la Nuit, La Carotte et le Bâton, and Tout L'Amour du Monde II. After Table ronde became a subsidiary of Éditions Gallimard around 1970, Gallimard published more than twenty of Déon's works.

In 1970, Déon's novel Les Poneys sauvages (The Wild Ponies) was awarded the Prix Interallié, given annually since 1930 to the best novel written by a journalist.

Déon wrote his critical masterpiece Un taxi mauve (A Purple Taxi) in 1973. It became an immediate literary sensation and won the Grand Prix du Roman de l'Académie française. Un Taxi Mauve was made into a film in 1977. The following year, 1978, Déon was elected to the Académie française.

In addition to his numerous individual works and awards, Déon has collaborated with several public figures. In 1953, he assisted Coco Chanel in writing her autobiography, though she refused to have it published. Déon destroyed the only existing copy for the sake of his friendship with her. In 1966, Déon worked with Salvador Dalí on the artist's memoirs, Diary of a Genius.

Personal life
Much of Déon's work engages his experience via travel to such locations as Switzerland, Italy, Canada, and Portugal. During the 1940s, he explored the United States by Greyhound Bus.

Déon was an affiliate member of the Portuguese Academy of Science and Letters. He is a doctor honoris causa at the universities of Athens and Ireland. He is also an honorary citizen of Nice, Aix-en-Provence, and Antibes. His works have been translated into many languages.

Déon and his wife Chantal raised their two children, Alice and Alexandre, on the small Greek island of Spetsai. When the children reached school age in 1968, France was in a state of upheaval. The Déon family settled in Ireland. For over forty years, Déon and his family made Ireland their home, raising Chantal's fifty horses. There Déon wrote on his Louis XVI desk. He visited France frequently.

Déon died from a pulmonary embolism at the age of 97 on 28 December 2016 in Galway, Ireland.

Novels
Les Poneys Sauvages (1970) is a story of murder, intrigue, and revenge. It begins in 1937, as George, Barry, Cyril, and Horace, students of varying backgrounds, complete their educations at the University of Cambridge. As the decade ends, the group becomes tangled in the Second World War. Those who survive the war take the reader on a journey that spans three decades and covers all of Europe, from Italy to Poland and back to Paris. As the friends age, they learn that the past is not forgotten quickly. In 1981, it was the basis of a six-part television series that starred Hélène Vincent.

Un Taxi Mauve (1973) follows a group of troubled European and American expatriates who have settled in rural Ireland – each for his own reason. Living in a self-punishing exile, their interactions create a tangle of love and deceit. An English-language film based on the novel, released in 1977 and called The Purple Taxi in English, starred Fred Astaire, Charlotte Rampling, and Philippe Noiret.

In The Foundling Boy (Le Jeune Homme Vert) (1975), the infant Jean, born in 1919, is adopted by a rural couple who help maintain a wealthy family's estate. The novel follows his adventures and those of several others, notably the owner of the estate on which he is raised, until he joins the French army at the start of World War II. Diane Johnson compared Jean to Fielding's Tom Jones, noting how "his picaresque adventures unfold in cheerful profusion, in and out of foreign countries and strange beds". She also recommended the novel for its depiction of the European political climate in the years between the world wars. A sequel, The Foundling's War (Les Vingt Ans du Jeune Homme Vert), appeared in 1977.

In Un Souvenir (1990), Edward has just passed his sixtieth year and is beginning to consider himself an old man. He finds an old photo from 1936. It shows him hugging a beautiful girl named Sheila, an obscure yet unforgettable woman he met in England during the war. Despite his age, he returns to England to find her and come to terms with the regret and guilt at having lost her.

In Pages Grecques (1993), Déon explores the multi-layered mythical and actual history of Greek culture. Employing the gods, muses, and legendary Greek figures, alongside historical events and characters, Déon weaves Greece's dual histories together to create a beautiful and inspiring picture of the culture.

The Great and the Good (La Cour Des Grands, 1996) follows the life of Arthur Morgan, the son of an impoverished French widow. He is offered a first class boat ticket to the United States in 1950 and there experiences all the classic elements of the American dream, graduating college and moving to New York City where he becomes a successful stockbroker. When he returns to France in the face of family tragedy, he is forced to reconcile his American life with a past life and is shocked to discover what has become of the friends of his youth.

Horseman, Pass By! (Cavalier, passe ton chemin!, 2005) offers a social history of the Irish people that combines fact and fiction. Exploring the country's extraordinary folklore and cultural legends, Déon examines the nation's collective identity.

English translations
An English translation of Un déjeuner de soleil appeared in 1983 (UK) and 1989 (US) as Where Are You Dying Tonight?. Le Jeune Homme vert appeared as The Foundling Boy in 2013, and the publisher, Gallic Books, published a translation of the sequel, Les Vingt Ans du Jeune Homme Vert as The Foundling's War in 2014. La cour des grands was published as The Great and the Good in 2016 and La chambre de ton père as Your Father's Room in 2017.

Films / documentaries
1977 : The Purple Taxi (Un taxi mauve), movie adaptation from Michel Déon's novel, directed by Yves Boisset starring Charlotte Rampling, Fred Astaire, Peter Ustinov, etc.
1979 : Le jeune homme vert, television adaptation (Antenne 2), directed by Roger Pigaut with Philippe Deplanche.
1982 : Michel Déon (la Part de vérité TF1 collection), documentary directed by Christian Giudicelli and Michèle Armand.
1983 : Les Poneys sauvages, TV adaptation from Michel Déon's novel, directed by Robert Mazoyer with Jacques Weber, Michel Duchaussoy, etc.
1995 : Michel Déon (Un siècle d'écrivains documentary collection France 3), directed by Pierre Dupouey.
2008 : Un souvenir, television adaptation from Michel Déon's novel, directed by Jacques Renard with Daniel Prévost, Valérie Mairesse, etc.
2018 : Michel Déon ou la force de l'amitié, documentary directed by Jérémie Carboni with Michel Déon, Jean d'Ormesson, Xavier Darcos, Emmanuel Carrère, Yves Boisset, Milan Kundera, Eric Neuhoff, Antoine Gallimard, Frédéric Vitoux, Nicolas Briançon, Belinda Cannone, Thierry Laurent, etc.

Bibliography
 1944 Adieux à Sheila (Robert Laffont)
 1946 Amours perdues (Bordas)
 1950 Je ne veux jamais l'oublier (Plon)
 1952 La Corrida (Plon)
 1954 Le Dieu pâle (Plon)
 1955 Tout l'amour du monde I, récits (Plon)
 1955 Plaisirs  (Editions de Paris) sous le nom de Michel Férou
 1956 Lettre à un jeune Rastignac, libelle (Fasquelle)
 1956 Les Trompeuses Espérances (Plon)
 1958 Les Gens de la nuit (La Table ronde)
 1960 La Carotte et le Bâton (La Table ronde)
 1960 Tout l'amour du monde II, récits (La Table ronde)
 1964 Louis XIV par lui-même (Gallimard)
 1965 Le Rendez-vous de Patmos, récits (Gallimard)
 1967 Un parfum de jasmin (Gallimard)
 1967 Mégalonose (La Table ronde)
 1970 Les Poneys sauvages (Gallimard), Prix Interallié
 1973 Un taxi mauve  (Gallimard), (Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française)
 1975 The Foundling Boy (Le Jeune Homme vert) (Gallimard)
 1975 Thomas et l'infini, récit pour enfants, illustrated by Étienne Delessert (Gallimard)
 1977 The Foundling's War (Les Vingt Ans du jeune homme vert) (Gallimard)
 1981 Where Are You Dying Tonight? (Un déjeuner de soleil) (Gallimard)
 1984 Je vous écris d'Italie (Gallimard)
 1987 La Montée du soir (Gallimard)
 1987 Ma vie n'est plus un roman (Gallimard)
 1990 Un souvenir (Gallimard)
 1992 Le Prix de l'amour (Gallimard)
 1992 Ariane ou l'oubli (Gallimard)
 1993 Pages grecques, récits (Le Balcon de Spetsai, Le Rendez-vous de Patmos, Spetsai revisité) (Gallimard)
 1993 Parlons-en… (in collaboration with Alice Déon) (Gallimard)
 1995 Je me suis beaucoup promené… (La Table ronde)
 1995 Une longue amitié, lettres d'André Fraigneau et Michel Déon (La Table ronde)
 1995 Le Flâneur de Londres (Robert Laffont)
 1996 The Great and the Good (La Cour des grands) (Gallimard)
 1998 Madame Rose (Albin Michel)
 1999 Pages françaises, récits (Mes arches de Noé, Bagages pour Vancouver, Post-Scriptum) (Gallimard)
 2001 Taisez-vous… j'entends venir un ange (Gallimard)
 2002 Une affiche bleue et blanche (Gallimard)
 2002 Mentir est tout un art (Le Rocher)
 2004 Your Father's Room (La Chambre de ton père) (Gallimard)
 2005 Horseman, Pass By! (Cavalier, passe ton chemin!) (Gallimard)
 2006 Œuvres (Gallimard)
 2009 Lettres de château (Gallimard)
 2009 Cahier Déon (L'Herne). Previously unpublished documents, essays and letters.
 2009 Journal (L'Herne)
 2011 Nouvelles complètes (Gallimard)
 2011 Tout l'amour du monde
 2013 À la légère (Finitude)

Notes

External links
  Académie française
  Micheldeon.com

1919 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Writers from Paris
20th-century French novelists
21st-century French novelists
French literary critics
Members of the Académie Française
Prix Interallié winners
Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française winners
Prix Maison de la Presse winners
Lycée Janson-de-Sailly alumni
French male novelists
Grand prix Jean Giono recipients
Roman Catholic writers
French children's writers
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French male writers
French male non-fiction writers
French emigrants to Ireland
People affiliated with Action Française

Michel Déon


A flyer (or flier) is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to individuals or sent through the mail. Today, flyers range from inexpensively photocopied leaflets to expensive, glossy, full-color circulars. Flyers in a digital format can be shared on the internet.

Terminology
A flyer is also called a "palm card", "circular", "handbill", "pamphlet", "poster", "lit'" (literature), "weekly ad", "catalogue" or "leaflet".

Usage

Flyers may be used by individuals, businesses, not-for-profit organizations or governments to:
 Advertise an event such as a music concert, nightclub appearance, festival, or political rally
 Promote a goods-selling businesses such as a used car lot discount store or a service business such as a restaurant or massage parlour.
 Persuade people about a social, religious, or political message, as in evangelism or political campaign activities on behalf of a political party or candidate during an election. Flyers have been used in armed conflict: for example, airborne leaflet propaganda has been a tactic of psychological warfare.
 Recruit members for organizations or companies.

Like postcards, pamphlets and small posters, flyers are a low-cost form of mass marketing or communication. There are many different flyer formats. Some examples include:
 A4 (roughly letterhead size)
 A5 (roughly half letterhead size)
 DL (compliments slip size)
 A6 (postcard size)

Flyers are inexpensive to produce and they required only a basic printing press from the 18th century to the 20th century. Their widespread use intensified in the 1990s with the spread of less expensive desktop publishing systems. In the 2010s, inexpensive black and white flyers can be produced with just a personal computer and a computer printer. In the 2010s, the ordering of flyers through traditional printing services has been supplanted by Internet services. Customers send designs, review proofs online or via e-mail and receive the final products by mail.

Flyers are not a new medium: prior to the War of American Independence some colonists were outraged with the Stamp Act (1765) and gathered together in anti-stamp act congresses and meetings. In these congresses they had to win support, and issued handbills and leaflets, pamphlets, along with other written paraphernalia, to do so.

In the 2000s, some jurisdictions have laws or ordinances banning or restricting leafleting or flyering in certain locations. Owners of private property may put up signs saying "Post No Bills"; this occurs particularly on wooden fences surrounding building sites or vacant lots.

Distribution and use
Flyers are handed out on the street (a practice known as "flyering" or "leafleting"), distributed door-to-door through the mail, posted on bulletin boards, put under windshield wipers of cars, given away at events or on the street, or affixed to telephone poles, walls, or other surfaces. Bulletin boards are found on college campuses, in cafés, community meeting houses, laundromats and small markets. Cheap to produce, contemporary flyers are frequently produced in 300 g/m2 glossy card, whereas a leaflet might be produced on a 130 g/m2–170 g/m2 weight paper and can be a very effective form of direct marketing.

In the 2010s, some individuals and organizations send flyers through e-mail, a tactic that avoids spending money on paper, printing and mailing or hiring people to post the flyers on telephone poles or hand them out. Digital flyers can be shared on the internet. The digital flyer may be embedded into the body of the e-mail or added as an attachment to be opened.

See also
 Canvassing
 Folded leaflet
 Street marketing

References

 Ackland-Snow, Nicola & Brett, Nathan & Williams, Steven. Fly: The Art of the Club Flyer. Watson-Guptill Publications, 1997.
 Searching for the Perfect Beat: Flyer Designs of the American Rave Scene. Watson-Guptill, 2000. by The Earth Program (Author), Neil Strauss (Introduction).
 Barcelona Club Flyers (Actar Publishing, 1999), by Tite Barbuzza (Contributor), Joan Manel Jubany (Contributor), Albert Masferrer (Contributor), Yolanda Muelas (Contributor),
 Büru Destruct (Consortium Book Sales & Dist, 1999), By Büru Destruct,
 Clubspotting (Happy Books, 2000), by Paolo Davoli & Gabriele Fantuzzi,
 Design After Dark: The Story of Dancefloor Style (Thames and Hudson, London, 1991), by Cynthia Rose,
 Design Agent 007: License to Design DGV. Die gestaften Verlag, Berlin 2002.
 Event Flyer Graphics. Nippan/Biblios, 2001.
 Flyer Soziotope: Topography of a Media Phenomenon. (Archiv der Jugendkulturen (G)/Actar (ES), 2005), German-English and English-German. ,
 Klanten, Robert & Peyerl, Andreas & Hollmann-Loges, Markus: Flyermania: European Flyers. Art Books Intl Ltd, 1998.
 Highflyers: Clubravepartyart. By 3 Beat Music. Booth Clibborn Editions, London, UK, 1995.
 Beddard, Phil: Nocturnal: Global Highflyers. Booth-Clibborn, 2000.
 Jordan, Joel T. et alii: Searching for the Perfect Beat: Flyer Designs of the American Rave Scene. Watson-Guptill Pubns, US, 2000.

External links

Advertising publications by format
Direct marketing
Political communication
Propaganda
Pamphlets

Flyer (pamphlet)


Heylerosauridae is a family of mastodonsauroid temnospondyls. It was first named in 1980 to include the genera Odenwaldia and Quasicyclotosaurus. In addition to these genera, the family now includes Eocyclotosaurus and Yuanansuchus. Recent phylogenetic analyses have not found a close relationship between Odenwaldia and other heylerosaurids and place it outside the family. Heylerosaurids are generally regarded as the sister taxon of the stenotosaurids.

References

Triassic temnospondyls
Middle Triassic first appearances
Late Triassic extinctions

Heylerosauridae


Astarte (Ashtoreth, also spelled Athtart, Ashtoreth, or Ashtart) is the Queen of Heaven to whom the Canaanites burned offerings and poured libations (Jeremiah 44). Astarte, goddess of war and sexual love, shared so many qualities with her sister, Anath, that they may originally have been seen as a single deity. Their names together are the basis for the Aramaic goddess Atargatis.

Astarte was a great goddess of the ancient Middle East and chief deity of Tyre, Sidon, and Elat, important Mediterranean seaports. Hebrew scholars now feel that the goddess Ashtoreth mentioned so often in the Bible is a deliberate conflation of the Greek name Astarte and the Hebrew word boshet, "shame," indicating the Hebrews' contempt for her cult. Ashtaroth, the plural form of the goddess's name in Hebrew, became a general term denoting goddesses and paganism.

Astarte was worshiped in Egypt and Ugarit and among the Hittites, as well as in Canaan. Her Akkadian counterpart was Ishtar. Later she became assimilated with the Egyptian deities Isis and Hathor (a goddess of the sky and of women), and in the Greco-Roman world with Aphrodite, Artemis, and Juno.

Astarte is a Semitic queen, and sister of Isis.

Gods and goddesses

Astarte


New Haven may refer to:

New Haven, Connecticut, a city in the state Connecticut
New Haven, Indiana, a city in the state of Indiana
New Haven, Kentucky, a city in the state of Kentucky
New Haven, Missouri, a city in the state of Missouri
New Haven, Vermont, a town in the state of Vermont

New Haven (disambiguation)