Shiba Prasad Chatterjee  (22 February 1903 – 27 February 1989) was a Professor of Geography at the University of Calcutta, India. He served as President of the International Geographical Union from 1964 until 1968, Chatterjee received a Murchison Award from the Royal Geographical Society in 1959, and a Padma Bhushan from the Government of India in 1985. He coined the name 'Meghalaya' for one of India's states.

Bibliography

References

Sources
 Mookerjee, S. (1998): Shiba P. Chatterjee, 1903–1989. Geographers: biobibliographical studies 18.

Context
Shiba P. Chatterjee's works emerge within the broader context of India's dynamic geographical landscape, characterized by its diverse physical features, cultural richness, and complex societal dynamics. India, as a country, faces numerous geographical challenges, including rapid urbanization, regional disparities, transportation infrastructure development, and sustainable resource management. In this context, Chatterjee's research becomes particularly relevant and valuable in understanding and addressing these challenges.

India's urban areas are experiencing unprecedented growth, with rising populations, increasing migration, and expanding urban footprints. The spatial organization of cities, efficient transportation systems, and sustainable urban development have become critical concerns. Chatterjee's research in urban geography and transportation studies provides insights into the patterns, processes, and implications of urbanization. His work contributes to understanding the spatial dynamics of cities, the socio-economic impacts of urban growth, and the formulation of strategies for sustainable urban development.

The regional disparities prevalent in India pose significant challenges in achieving balanced development across different regions. Regional planning and development strategies must address these disparities, optimize resource allocation, and promote inclusive growth. Chatterjee's contributions to regional planning shed light on the spatial dimensions of regional disparities and inform policymakers about the factors influencing regional development. His research contributes to the formulation of effective strategies that take into account the unique characteristics and potentials of different regions in India.

Transportation infrastructure plays a vital role in connectivity, accessibility, and economic development. India's vast geographic expanse necessitates efficient transportation networks to facilitate the movement of goods, services, and people. Chatterjee's research in transportation studies and infrastructure planning provides insights into the spatial patterns of transportation infrastructure, their impact on regional connectivity, and the need for sustainable transportation systems. His work guides policymakers in formulating transportation policies, optimizing infrastructure investments, and ensuring efficient movement within and between regions.

Amidst these challenges, the need for sustainable development practices becomes paramount. The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization requires a careful balance between economic growth, social equity, and environmental conservation. Chatterjee's research in sustainable urban development emphasizes the importance of integrating environmental considerations into urban planning and policy frameworks. His work promotes strategies for creating environmentally sustainable and livable cities, ensuring that India's development path aligns with long-term ecological sustainability.

The context of Chatterjee's works reflects the ongoing geographical transformations and challenges faced by India. His research addresses the pressing issues of urbanization, regional disparities, transportation infrastructure, and sustainable development. By contextualizing Chatterjee's contributions within the broader Indian geographical landscape, we can appreciate the significance and applicability of his research in shaping policies, informing planning practices, and addressing the geographical complexities of the country.

Works Of Shiba. P Chatterjee
Shiba P. Chatterjee, a distinguished geographer from India, has made substantial contributions to the field of geography, particularly in the areas of urban geography, regional planning, and transportation studies. His extensive body of work reflects his deep understanding of the complex spatial dynamics and their socio-economic implications. Let's explore some of his notable works and their significance:

"Urban Geography and Spatial Planning": Chatterjee's research in urban geography has been instrumental in comprehending the intricate patterns and processes shaping urban areas in India. His work delves into the spatial organization of cities, including land-use patterns, urban morphology, and the socio-economic dimensions of urban spaces. Chatterjee's analysis offers valuable insights into urban growth, migration, and the challenges of sustainable urban development.

"Regional Planning and Development": Chatterjee's contributions to regional planning emphasize the importance of a comprehensive and integrated approach to address regional disparities, optimize resource allocation, and promote balanced development. His research focuses on understanding the spatial dynamics of regions, identifying key drivers of regional disparities, and formulating strategies for equitable development. Chatterjee's work has informed policy decisions and interventions aimed at promoting inclusive growth across diverse regions in India.

"Transportation Studies and Infrastructure Planning": Chatterjee's research in transportation geography has shed light on the critical role of transportation networks in shaping urban and regional dynamics. He has studied the spatial patterns of transportation infrastructure, the impact of transportation on accessibility and connectivity, and the implications for regional development and planning. Chatterjee's work has contributed to the formulation of efficient and sustainable transportation policies and infrastructure planning strategies in India.

"Sustainable Urban Development": Chatterjee's research underscores the significance of sustainable urban development in the Indian context. His work highlights the importance of integrating environmental considerations, social equity, and economic viability into urban planning and policy frameworks. Chatterjee's findings have influenced urban planners and policymakers in their pursuit of creating livable, resilient, and environmentally sustainable cities in India.

"Geospatial Analysis and GIS Applications": Chatterjee has been an advocate for utilizing geospatial technologies and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in geographical research and planning. His work focuses on leveraging spatial data analysis, remote sensing, and GIS applications to enhance decision-making processes, particularly in urban and regional planning. Chatterjee's research has played a pivotal role in advancing the use of geospatial tools in understanding and addressing complex geographical challenges.

Chatterjee's works exemplify his interdisciplinary approach, incorporating elements from geography, urban planning, economics, and environmental studies. His research has not only contributed to academic knowledge but has also influenced policy and planning practices in India. The insights gained from his works have facilitated a deeper understanding of the spatial dynamics and complexities of urban areas, regional disparities, and transportation networks in the Indian context.

Chatterjee's works continue to inspire researchers, geographers, and policymakers in their quest for sustainable and inclusive development. His research methodologies, theoretical frameworks, and empirical findings provide a solid foundation for further exploration and application in geographical research and planning endeavors. Shiba P. Chatterjee's significant contributions have left an indelible mark on the field of geography in India, shaping the discourse and advancing our understanding of the intricate spatial dynamics of the Indian subcontinent.

1903 births
1989 deaths
Indian geographers
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Bangabasi College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Banaras Hindu University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
Presidents of the International Geographical Union
20th-century Indian earth scientists
20th-century geographers

Shiba P. Chatterjee


Bananarama are a British and Irish pop group, formed as a trio in 1980 by friends Sara Dallin, Siobhan Fahey, and Keren Woodward. Fahey left the group in 1988 and was replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan until 1991, when the trio became a duo. Their success on both pop and dance charts saw them listed in the Guinness World Records for achieving the world's highest number of chart entries by an all-female group. Between 1982 and 2009, they had 30 singles reach the Top 50 of the UK Singles Chart.

The group's UK top-10 hits include "It Ain't What You Do (It's the Way That You Do It)" (1982), "Really Saying Something" (1982), "Shy Boy" (1982), "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" (1983), "Cruel Summer" (1983), "Robert De Niro's Waiting..." (1984),  "Love in the First Degree" (1987), "I Want You Back" in 1988, and charity track "Help!" in 1989. In 1986, they had a U.S. number one with another of their UK top-10 hits, a cover of "Venus". In total, they had 11 singles reach the US Billboard Hot 100 (1983–1988), including the top-10 hits "Cruel Summer" (1984) and "I Heard a Rumour" (1987). They are associated with the MTV-driven Second British Invasion of the US. The trio performed on "Do They Know It's Christmas?", a UK chart-topping collaborative charity single released in 1984. They topped the Australian ARIA albums chart in June 1988 with Wow! (1987), and earned Brit Award nominations for Best British Single for "Love in the First Degree", and Best Music Video for their cover of the Supremes single "Nathan Jones".

Fahey left the group in 1988 and formed Shakespears Sister, best known for the UK number one "Stay" (1992). She was replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan. This line-up had UK top-five hits with "I Want You Back", (1988) and a cover of The Beatles' "Help!" (1989) recorded with comedy duo French and Saunders and comedian Kathy Burke for the charity Comic Relief. They also charted with "Love, Truth and Honesty" and "Nathan Jones".
In 1989, they embarked on their first world tour and had another hit with a new remixed version of "Cruel Summer".
In 1990 and 1991, they had top-30 hits with "Only Your Love", "Preacher Man", and "Long Train Running" and their new studio album Pop Life, which featured these singles and a fourth, "Tripping on Your Love", which was released soon after the album.
After O'Sullivan's late-1991 departure, Dallin and Woodward continued Bananarama as a duo, with further top-30 hits including "Movin' On" (1992), "More, More, More" (1993), "Move in My Direction" (2005), and "Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango) (2005)".
Fahey temporarily rejoined Bananarama in 2017 and they toured the UK and North America between November that year and August 2018.

Career

1980–1982: early years
Bananarama formed in September 1980 when teenagers and childhood friends Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward moved from Bristol to London and met Siobhan Fahey. Dallin and Fahey were studying journalism at the London College of Fashion (University of Arts) and Woodward was working at the BBC in Portland Place. Dallin and Woodward were living at the YWCA and were about to be made homeless until Paul Cook, with whom they had become friends after meeting at a club, offered them a place to live above the former Sex Pistols rehearsal room in Denmark Street, Charing Cross. They took their name, in part, from the Roxy Music song "Pyjamarama".

The trio were ardent followers of the punk rock and post-punk music scenes during the late 1970s and early 1980s. They often performed impromptu sets or backing vocals at gigs for such bands as The Monochrome Set, The Professionals, Subway Sect, Iggy Pop, Department S, The Nipple Erectors, and The Jam. In 1981, Bananarama recorded their first demo, "Aie a Mwana", a cover of a song by Black Blood, sung in Swahili. The demo was heard at Demon Records, who consequently offered Bananarama their first deal. The song was an underground hit (UK #92) and Bananarama were signed by Decca (later London Records) and remained on the label until 1993. UK music magazine The Face featured an article on Bananarama after the release of their first single. This caught the attention of ex-Specials member Terry Hall, who invited them to collaborate with his new vocal group Fun Boy Three on their album and the single "It Ain't What You Do (It's The Way That You Do It)". In 1982, the song hit the Top 5 in the UK and gave Bananarama their first significant mainstream success. Fun Boy Three then guested on Bananarama's single, "Really Saying Something", later that year.

1982–1985: Deep Sea Skiving and Bananarama

Bananarama experienced their greatest success during the period 1982 to 1989, with their first three albums primarily produced and co-written with Jolley & Swain. Their debut album, Deep Sea Skiving (UK #7, US #63) (1983) contained several hit singles – "Really Saying Something" (UK #5) and "Shy Boy" (UK #4) – and included a cover version of "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" (UK #5). "Cheers Then" (#45) was released as the third single, with little chart success, but very positive reviews from critics. The band recorded a version of the Sex Pistols' song "No Feelings" in late 1982 for the soundtrack of the British teen-comedy film, Party Party.

During 1982 and 1983, Bananarama did several promotional US press tours and TV appearances the first being on The Uncle Floyd Show and on American Bandstand and Solid Gold. Success in the United States came in 1984 with a Top Ten hit "Cruel Summer".

Their second album, Bananarama (UK #16, US #30) (1984) was a more socially conscious effort. The group wanted to be taken more seriously, so they wrote songs that focused on heavier topics. "Hot Line To Heaven" (UK #58) is a stand against the drugs-are-cool culture. Meanwhile, "Rough Justice" (UK #23) was written about Thomas "Kidso" Reilly, the band's road manager and brother of Fahey's boyfriend Jim Reilly (drummer of the Northern Irish punk band Stiff Little Fingers), who was shot and killed by a British soldier in Belfast in August 1983. The album also contained the hit singles, "Robert De Niro's Waiting..." (UK #3) and their first US Top 10 hit, "Cruel Summer" (UK #8, US #9) (1983), which was included in the film The Karate Kid. The trio also recorded the single, "The Wild Life" (US #70) for a 1984 American film of the same name.

In 1984, Bananarama featured on the Band Aid single, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and were the only artists to appear on both the original 1984 Band Aid and the 1989 Band Aid II versions (Fahey appeared on the 1984 version while O'Sullivan appeared on the 1989 version).

1985 was a quiet transitional year for Bananarama. The single "Do Not Disturb" (UK #31), which would appear on their next album, maintained their public profile.

1986–1987: True Confessions and international success
1986 saw the release of their third Jolley/Swain album, True Confessions. Later editions contained other tracks and extra production duties by Mike Stock, Matt Aitken, and Pete Waterman known as Stock Aitken Waterman (SAW). The move resulted in the international number one hit, "Venus", (a remake of Shocking Blue's song from 1969, which had been a number 1 hit in 1970). The dance-oriented production typified the SAW approach to pop music. Bananarama had tracked the producers down after hearing "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)" by Dead or Alive. The song won a Juno Award in Canada for International Single of The Year. Also in 1986, Dallin and Woodward were featured as backing vocalists on two songs on Family Album, produced by John Lydon.

The music video for "Venus" received heavy airplay on MTV in the United States. It featured the group in various costumes including a devil, a French temptress, a vampire, and Greek goddesses. The video marked a pivotal shift towards a more glamorous and sexy image, which contrasted with their tomboyish appearances in their earlier work.

Follow-up singles "More Than Physical" (UK #41) and "A Trick of the Night" (UK #32) were less successful, which unfortunately had less promotion. Woodward was pregnant with her son Thomas at the time and was unable to tour or physically promote the album or its subsequent singles.

"More Than Physical" marked the beginning of Bananarama's songwriting relationship with Stock Aitken Waterman. It was a collaborative process that Stock has described as troubled, despite producing a string of hits.

"It's very difficult to be creative if someone's just going to mock you, or laugh at you," he said. "With Bananarama it was just awkward, all the time very awkward, and I didn't feel comfortable writing with them."

During a press tour in New York City, the group also recorded a song "Riskin' a Romance" featured in the film The Secret of My Success (1987). The track was notable because it featured Fahey taking lead vocals, and Daryl Hall was the producer. During this trip, the group also re-recorded the vocals for their next UK release "More Than Physical" and "A Trick of the Night" with Mike Stock in Miami.

In March 1987, Bananarama participated in the recording of the single "Let It Be" (UK #1) as members of the charity supergroup Ferry Aid. All sales from the single were donated to charity in response to the capsizing of the ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise, which killed 193 people. Among the featured singers was Woodward, who sang with Nick Kamen.

1987–1988: Wow! and Fahey's departure
In the wake of the success of "Venus", Bananarama began work on the album Wow! The group's sound successfully shifted towards dance-oriented Europop under the direction of Pete Waterman, but the creative process on the project was often fraught, with Matt Aitken describing the band's contribution to song writing as minimal. Fahey often clashed with Waterman over the direction of the project, while studio tensions commonly centred on a struggle for dominance between Aitken and the trio.

Wow! was released on 4 September 1987 by London Records. It topped the Australian ARIA album charts for one week in June 1988.

"I Heard a Rumour" (UK #14, US #4) was their strongest performing international hit from this album. The track bears notable similarities in part to Michael Fortunati's "Give Me Up", which was released in early 1986. However, producer Mike Stock denied the track was based excessively on that record, insisting "I Heard A Rumour" was simply broadly inspired by Europop trends at the time. "We didn't do sampling... There's no similarity in the lyric, there's no actual similarity in terms of note-for-noteness in the tune," he said. "We were doing Europop."

"Love in the First Degree" (UK #3), one of their biggest UK hits, was nominated at the 1988 Brit Awards for best single. Producer Pete Waterman claimed he had to threaten to pull SAW off the Wow! project in order to force the release of the track as a single, after it was dismissed by the band and label as too commercial.

A further single, "I Can't Help It" (which boasted a semi-controversial video featuring the group in a milk bath filled with fruit and half-naked men), was also a hit (UK #20).

After the third single from Wow! was released in early 1988, Fahey – who had married Eurythmics' Dave Stewart – left the group. Her last performance as a member of the group was "Love in the First Degree" at the Brit Awards in February 1988. She would later resurface in the BRIT Award–winning pop duo Shakespears Sister with Marcella Detroit.

1988–1991: second line-up, Greatest Hits, Pop Life and world tour
After Fahey's exit, Jacquie O'Sullivan (formerly of the Shillelagh Sisters) joined the group in March 1988. The single "I Want You Back" (UK #5) was re-recorded with O'Sullivan, as was The Supremes cover "Nathan Jones" (UK #15) which was nominated for best video at the 1989 Brit Awards. "Love, Truth and Honesty" (UK #23) was released as a single from their 1988 retrospective compilation, Greatest Hits Collection (UK #3). At the same time, Bananarama entered the Guinness Book of World Records as the all-female group who have the most UK chart entries in history, a record they still hold.

Initial tensions began to appear within the new lineup around this time, with O'Sullivan complaining that there were no photographs of her displayed at the Soho launch of Greatest Hits Collection, and tour preparation marked by her bandmates' discomfort with her partying lifestyle.

As a fundraising charity single for Comic Relief in 1989, Bananarama recorded a cover of The Beatles' song "Help!" with Lananeeneenoonoo (UK #3), a mock girl-group created by British female comedy duo French and Saunders, with fellow comedian Kathy Burke. Also in 1989, the band embarked upon their first world tour, which included shows in North America, East Asia, and the UK.

Bananarama's 1991 album, Pop Life, saw Dallin's and Woodward's songwriting collaboration with their friend Youth. They worked with a variety of producers including Youth, Shep Pettibone, and Steve Jolley of Jolley & Swain. They also incorporated a wider range of musical genres including reggae, flamenco guitar, and acid house. Singles "Only Your Love" (UK #27), "Preacher Man" (UK #20), a cover of the Doobie Brothers' "Long Train Running" (UK #30), and "Tripping on Your Love" (UK #76) were the group's final releases with O'Sullivan. This album received some of the strongest and most positive reviews of their career.

1992–2001: Duo re-launch, Please Yourself, Ultra Violet and Exotica
In 1992, Dallin and Woodward returned as a duo and had a UK top 30 hit with "Movin' On" (UK #24), which was the first single from the 1993 album Please Yourself. Other singles from the album were "Last Thing on My Mind" (UK #71) and a cover of the 1976 Andrea True Connection song "More, More, More" (UK #24). This album was Bananarama's last one on London Records.

Their next offering was 1995's Ultra Violet (entitled I Found Love in Japan) on a new label. The album and its three singles — "I Found Love", "Every Shade of Blue", and "Take Me to Your Heart" — were only released in some European countries, North America, Japan, and Australia, but not in Britain.

In 1998, Dallin and Woodward asked Fahey to join them to record the track "Waterloo" (a cover of the classic ABBA song) for the Eurovision celebration A Song for Eurotrash on Channel 4. However, Fahey made it clear that it was a one-off and that she was not formally rejoining the group. In 1999, Dallin, Woodward, and Fahey were interviewed together for an episode of the BBC music documentary series Young Guns Go For It dedicated to the group. Jacquie O'Sullivan also took part in the programme.

In 2001, Dallin and Woodward, who had been frequently working in France, had recorded the album Exotica with the French label M6. The album also included a cover of George Michael's "Careless Whisper", Latin- and R&B-influenced dance songs, and reinterpreted versions of their earlier hits.

2002–2006: Drama
By 2002, Bananarama had sold 40 million records worldwide. That year, they released another greatest hits album, The Very Best of Bananarama, in the UK. They also recorded the song "Love Him, Leave Him, Forget Him" for Sky TV's show Is Harry on the Boat? as well as the song "U R My Baby" for a German disco project. With Siobhan Fahey returning as a special guest for a performance of "Venus", the group celebrated the 20th anniversary of their first hit with a gig at G-A-Y at the London Astoria, in front of an audience of 3,000 people.

With 1980s retro in vogue, Bananarama made a comeback in the British dance charts in 2005. Solasso remixed their early hit "Really Saying Something". A video was filmed with models from Britain's Next Top Model TV show.

In 2005, Dallin and Woodward collaborated with Swedish hit makers Murlyn, writing and recording in Sweden for 6 months to produce the album 'Drama'. The first single "Move in My Direction" reached #14. The second single "Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" entered and peaked at #26 on the UK charts. In the US on the Billboard Dance Chart, "Look on the Floor" peaked at #2 and "Move in My Direction" reached #14 in July 2006.

2006–2011: remasters and Viva

Summer 2006 saw the Warner Bros. Records release of The Twelve Inches of Bananarama, a compilation of twelve remixes on CD for the first time. The collection includes the rare George Michael remix of "Tripping on Your Love", among others.

On 19 March 2007, Bananarama's first six studio albums were reissued by Rhino Records on CD with bonus material, including alternative versions, remixes, and B-sides. On 7 May 2007, another best-of collection titled Greatest Hits and More More More was released by Warner Bros. Records.

Dallin and Woodward performed a set along with other 1980s acts at Retro Fest on 1 September 2007 at Culzean Castle in Ayrshire, Scotland.

By February 2007, Bananarama were back in the studio recording new material. A cover version of "Voyage Voyage" was performed at a concert in France. Bananarama also confirmed they were contributing vocals as guest artists on the song "Ultra Violet" (not to be confused with Bananarama's seventh album Ultra Violet) by new dance act Block Rocker, a teaming up of producers/remixers Digital Dog and Ashiva. However, the song never surfaced.

In 2008, Bananarama appeared on the Here and Now Tour with other 1980s artists such as Belinda Carlisle, Paul Young, ABC, and Rick Astley. They also planned to record a new album of disco cover versions and new songs.

In August 2008, Bananarama were back in the studio recording a track with Rev Run from Run-D.M.C. who had a new album in the pipeline. He wanted to sample "Na Na Hey Hey Kiss Him Goodbye" for his track but then decided to ask Dallin and Woodward to sing it instead. The title of the track was not confirmed but was to be credited as be "Run-D.M.C. featuring Bananarama". The song, 'Invincible', credited as Rev Run featuring Bananarama, did not surface until late 2014 on Rev Run's solo album Red Rhythm Rewind.

In June 2009, Bananarama performed at the Isle of Wight Festival. In August 2009, they performed at the 80s Rewind Festival in Henley-on-Thames alongside other '80s acts which included Rick Astley, Belinda Carlisle, and Kim Wilde. The duo also performed at The Manchester Gay Pride Festival over the August Bank Holiday weekend.

Bananarama released a new single entitled "Love Comes" (UK #44) and a new album Viva (UK #87) in September 2009. The album was produced by Ian Masterson and released through Fascination Records. A second single was released from the album in April 2010, a new remix of the song "Love Don't Live Here" (UK #114) backed by Ian Masterson's 2010 reworking of the 1995 single "Every Shade of Blue" and "The Runner" (originally recorded by The Three Degrees), remixed by Buzz Junkies. Other covers recorded during this period included Bryan Adams's "Run To You", Simon & Garfunkel's "The Sound of Silence", and Bryan Ferry's "Tokyo Joe". These were included as B-sides to the released singles and as bonus digital tracks to the parent album.

In September 2010, Bananarama were back in the studio with producer Ian Masterson, and recorded a Christmas song titled "Baby It's Christmas" (UK #199). The track was written by Dallin and Masterson and was released on 13 December in the UK and Europe as a digital EP. The track was also included on a US digital Christmas compilation entitled Super Dance Christmas Party, Volume 3. "Baby It's Christmas" reached #19 on the UK Indie Singles chart and #199 on the main UK Singles Chart.

In April 2011, Bananarama appeared on ITV's hit comedy Benidorm and performed "Love in the First Degree", "Robert De Niro's Waiting...", and "Movin' On".

In October 2011, Bananarama performed at Retrolicious 2011 in Singapore, together with The Human League and Belinda Carlisle.

Dallin and Woodward continued to perform live since 2002, with highlights including headlining the festival of the Handover of Hong Kong, The Isle of Wight Festival, and the Singapore Grand Prix. In 2012, they embarked upon a 10-date USA tour for the Pinktober Hard Rock charity and released an EP 'Now or Never'.

In 2016, they played a sell-out tour of Australia and as well as dates in Japan.

2012–2016: 30 Years of Bananarama and Now or Never
On 9 July 2012, Warner Music imprint Rhino Records released a greatest hits CD and DVD Collection 30 Years of Bananarama to celebrate the band's 30th anniversary. The album charted at #62 on the UK Albums Chart. On 9 August 2012, the band performed at the men's final of the beach volleyball at the London Olympics. They performed a medley of "Cruel Summer", "Love in the First Degree", and "Venus".

On 28 October 2013, Bananarama's first six albums Deep Sea Skiving, Bananarama, True Confessions, Wow!, Pop Life and Please Yourself were reissued by Edsel Records, each of them consisting of Deluxe 2CDs plus DVD. Bananarama are also confirmed to perform in 2014 at Let's Rock Bristol! (7 June), Let's Rock Leeds! (21 June) and Let's Rock Southampton! (12 July). On 9 November 2013, Bananarama revealed on the BBC show Pointless Celebrities that they were recording a new album in Nashville and that it would be influenced by country and pop.

In March 2015, Edsel Records released Megarama, a 3 CD collection of remixes that was followed in August with a 33 CD singles collection box set entitled In A Bunch, which contains all single releases from "Aie a Mwana" right through to "More, More, More". In 2016, Bananarama toured Australia in February and showcased their new song "Got to Get Away". On 9 March 2016, Sara confirmed on her Twitter page that Bananarama had signed a new deal with BMG. In November 2016, an excerpt of a song with the working title "Looking For Someone" was posted on the official Twitter page of the band.

In December 2016, Billboard magazine ranked them the 94th most successful dance artist of all time.

2017–present: original line-up tour, In Stereo, Really Saying Something and  Masquerade

On 23 April 2017 Fahey rejoined Bananarama. The Original Line-up Tour saw them perform 23 sell-out dates across the UK in November and December 2017. They performed many of their hits such as "Nathan Jones", "Robert De Niro's Waiting...", "Cruel Summer", "Really Saying Something", "I Heard A Rumour", "I Can't Help It", "Venus", and "Love in the First Degree" as well as the Shakespears Sister hit "Stay". In February 2018, they played four dates in North America: Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York in the United States; and Toronto in Canada. Their performances at London's Eventim Apollo Hammersmith Theatre and Newcastle City Hall were released on CD, DVD, and Blu-Ray through PledgeMusic in July 2018. Their final dates as a trio were in August 2018. In November 2018, Bananarama's first six London albums, Deep Sea Skiving, Bananarama, True Confessions, Wow!, Pop Life, and Please Yourself were released as coloured vinyl and limited-edition cassettes.

On 22 December 2018, Dallin and Woodward again appeared as contestants on the Christmas Special of the game show Pointless Celebrities, which featured musical acts with Christmas number one hits. Dallin and Woodward (who had Christmas number ones with the original Band Aid and Band Aid II) won the episode, winning the £2,500 jackpot for their charities of choice.

On 19 April 2019, Dallin and Woodward released their new album In Stereo (UK #29). The first track from the album that served as a taster was "Dance Music", followed by the first official single "Stuff Like That", which was released on 7 March. An accompanying video to the single was directed by Andy Morahan, who had also directed the videos for many former singles from "I Heard a Rumour" to "Preacher Man". On 30 March the album track "Looking for Someone" premiered on The Graham Norton Show on BBC Radio 2 and was released as the second single from In Stereo. The album was supported by a five-date promo tour in the UK, which later that year was released as a live album entitled Live in Stereo.

On 29 October 2020, Dallin and Woodward released their autobiography, entitled Really Saying Something.

On 29 April 2022, Dallin and Woodward released the taster track "Favourite" from their twelfth studio album Masquerade, which was released on 22 July 2022. On 15 June 2022, the album title track "Masquerade" was released as the first official single, and its music video followed two days later. A second taster track entitled "Velvet Lies" followed on 18 July 2022. On 12 August 2022, "Forever Young" was released as the official second single. On 14 October 2022, "Running with the Night" was released as the official third single. As part of their 40th anniversary celebrations of releasing music, Bananarama released "Cruel Summer 3AM" on 13 July 2023, to be followed by "Venus Boys Noize Remix" on 18 August.

On 18 October of the same year, Bananarama  premiered their new song "Feel the Love" on BBC Radio. On the same day, it was announced that the retrospective album "Glorious: The Ultimate Collection", including singles, new versions of classic hits such as "Movin' On", "Last Thing On My Mind" or "Cruel Summer", deep cuts and new tracks "Feel the Love" and "Supernova" will be released on various vinyl and CD formats on 8 March 2024. To promote the album, a visualizer of "Feel the Love" was released, and on 3 April 2024, Bananarama will perform at the London Palladium.

Awards and nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=10|Billboard Music Awards
| rowspan=6|1986
| Top Hot 100 Artist
| rowspan=3|Themselves
|
|rowspan=6|
|-
| Top Dance Club Play Artist
|
|-
| Top Dance Sales Artist
|
|-
| Top Hot 100 Song
| rowspan=3|"Venus"
|
|-
| Top Dance Club Play Single
|
|-
| Top Dance Sales Single
|
|-
| rowspan=4|1987
| Top Hot 100 Artist
| rowspan=2|Themselves
|
|rowspan=4|
|-
| Top Dance Club Play Artist
|
|-
| Top Hot 100 Song
| rowspan=2|"I Heard a Rumour"
|
|-
| Top Dance Club Play Single
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|Brit Awards
| 1988
| British Single of the Year
| "Love in the First Degree"
|
|
|-
| 1989
| British Video of the Year
| "Nathan Jones"
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|Classic Pop Readers' Awards
| 2018
| Group of the Year
| Themselves
|
|
|-
| 2020
| Album of the Year
| In Stereo
|
|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2|International Dance Music Awards
| rowspan=2|2007
| Best HiNRG/Euro Dance Track
| rowspan=2|"Look on the Floor"
|
|rowspan=2|
|-
| Best Dance Music Video
|
|-
! scope="row"|Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
| 1989
| Best Group
| Themselves
|
|

Members

Current members
Sara Dallin
Keren Woodward

Former members
Siobhan Fahey
Jacquie O'Sullivan

Timeline

Discography

Studio albums
Deep Sea Skiving (1983)
Bananarama (1984)
True Confessions (1986)
Wow! (1987)
Pop Life (1991)
Please Yourself (1993)
Ultra Violet (1995)
Exotica (2001)
Drama (2005)
Viva (2009)
In Stereo (2019)
Masquerade (2022)

Concert tours
Headlining
 Cruel Summer Tour (1985)
 Lovekids Tour (1988)
 Bananarama World Tour (1989)
 Dance Mix Tour (1995–1996)
 Bananarama Culture Tour (1997–1999)
 Drama World Tour (2005–2006)
 Viva Tour (2009–2010)
 Live in Concert (2012–2016)
 The Original Line Tour (2017–2018)
 In Stereo Tour (2019)
 Masquerade Tour (2022–present)

Co-headlining
 Here and Now Tour  (2007–2008)

List of all record labels

 London Records (UK, US and Canada, 1981–1993)
 ZYX Records (Germany, 1994–1996)
 avex trax (Japan, 1995 / Taiwan, 2006)
 Quality Records (Canada, 1995)
 Mega Records (Denmark, 1995)
 DigIt International (Italy, 1995)
 Festival Records (Australia, 1995)
 Popular Records (Canada 1996)
 Curb Records (USA, 1996)
 M6 Interactions (France, 2000)
 A&G Productions (UK, 2004–2006)
 The Lab (USA, 2006)
 True North Records (Canada, 2006)
 Edel Company (Germany, 2006)
 EQ Music (Singapore and Malaysia, 2005)
 Phantom Imports (Hong Kong, 2006)
 Central Station (Australia, 2005)
 Pony Canyon (Japan, 2006)
 Universal Records (Philippines, 2005)
 Blanco y Negro Records (Spain, 1995–2006)
 Megaliner Records (Russia, 2005)
 Nice Records (France, 2007)
 Fascination Records (UK, 2009–2010)
 BMG (UK, 2016–2019)
 Absolute Label Services (UK, 2019–present)

See also
Girl group
List of best-selling girl groups

References

External links

Musical groups established in 1981
British new wave girl groups
British Eurodance groups
English pop music duos
Dance-pop groups
Deram Records artists
English dance music groups
British hi-NRG groups
English new wave musical groups
English dance girl groups
English pop girl groups
London Records artists
English musical trios
Musical groups from London
Polydor Records artists
ZYX Music artists
Female musical duos
Second British Invasion artists
Live Here Now artists
English musical duos

Bananarama


The Edinburgh Cape Society is a convivial Edinburgh tavern-based society which was first established in the 18th century. It is one of many Convivial Edinburgh Societies which were extant in the 18th century, but the only (known) one which survives to the present day.

It was founded initially to support a Scottish Militia.

It is known mostly for its connections to the poet Robert Fergusson.

The original Edinburgh Cape Club

The club was founded in the early 1700s, but was not formally constituted until 1764. Its main meeting place was then The Isle of Man Arms, run by a James Mann, in the middle of Craigs Close in the Old Town of Edinburgh. It met on a nightly basis, where "high jinks" would ensue.

Its insignia were a cape, or crown, worn by the Sovereign of the Cape, and two maces in the form of huge steel pokers (which can still be seen the National Museum of Scotland).

The comedian Tom Lancashire was the first Sovereign of the club in 1764, as Sir Cape – all members took a Knights pseudonym upon joining – whilst the title of Sir Poker was taken by its oldest member, at that time James Aitken.

David Herd (a collector of Scottish Ballad Poetry) succeeded Lancashire as Sovereign and took the pseudonym  Sir Scrape. The Knight Recorder (Club Secretary) of this time was Jacob More, the Scottish Landscape Painter.

When a Knight of the Cape was inaugurated he was led forward by his sponsors, and kneeling before the Sovereign, had to grasp the poker and take an oath of fidelity, while all Knights stood with Pokers raised to acknowledge acceptance:

Among the more famous members of the original Cape were Deacon William Brodie (the inspiration behind Robert Louis Stevenson's "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde") and painters Alexander Runciman and Sir Henry Raeburn.

The entrance fee to the club was originally half-a-crown, but eventually it rose to a guinea, but so economical were its members, that among the last entries in the minutes of this time was one to the effect that suppers should be at "the old price of 4 and a half Pennies a head".

Robert Fergusson and The Cape Club

Fergusson joined the Cape Club in October 1772.

Delighting in its quasi-masonic rituals, Fergusson took on the nickname 'Sir Precenter',  and hymned the Cape's exploits. A drawing of him is thought to survive in the Club's Minute Book (National Library of Scotland). At the Cape he mixed with ordinary tradesmen as well as with artistic figures such as David Herd and Alexander Runciman, who painted Fergusson's portrait, now in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, and to whom Fergusson addressed some comic verses.

Fergusson also wrote the Poem "Auld Reekie", which he dedicated to his fellow Knights of The Cape.

On 2 July 1774 the Cape Club took up a collection to aid Fergusson after the onset of his illness. He died on 17 October 1774, and was buried on 19 October in the Canongate Kirkyard.

Present day Edinburgh Cape Society

The Edinburgh Cape Society was reconstituted in the 1960s, following the research of James Grubb, who became The Cape Society's first Sovereign after reconstitution, aka Sir Dun Eiden. To this day, the Society holds its monthly meetings in Edinburgh.

See also
 The Poker Club
 Crochallan Fencibles

Notes

External links
 Original Cape Manuscripts at The Scottish National Archive
 "Auld Reekie", Fergussons Poem to the Cape.
 Edinburgh Cape Society Turtle Feast, 2006
 Edinburgh Cape Society Turtle Feast, 2007
 Further Descriptions of The Cape Club from The Works of Robert Fergusson by Alexander Balloch Grosart, 1851 (Harvard College Library).
 Portrait of Fergusson by Alexander Runciman in the National Gallery of Scotland

1965 establishments in Scotland
Clubs and societies in Edinburgh
Mutual organizations
Organisations based in Edinburgh

Edinburgh Cape Club


Renewable energy in Pakistan is mostly solar and wind power.  It is a relatively underdeveloped sector. In recent years, environmental groups and the authorities explored renewable energy resources for energy production. New renewable energy projects were designed to address the energy crises and power shortages affecting the country.
Renewable energy

Economy of Pakistan

Renewable energy in Pakistan


John Prideaux (1718–1759) was a brigadier-general in the British Army.

He was born 1718 in Devon, England the second son of Sir John Prideaux, 6th Baronet, of Netherton Hall, near Honiton (see Prideaux Baronets). On 17 July 1739 he was appointed ensign of the 3rd Foot-Guards; he was adjutant of his battalion at the Battle of Dettingen (27 July 1743) and become lieutenant colonel of his regiment on 24 February 1748.

Seven Years War

On 20 October 1758 he was appointed colonel of the 55th Regiment of Foot. During the French and Indian War he was given command of the British force at the Battle of Fort Niagara, promoted as Brigadier General. However, on 19 July 1759 he was killed by being struck in the head with a shell fragment. On the morning of that day, being still dusk, the recently appointed General was inspecting his artillery, when he suddenly stepped in front of a British mortar and was struck on the head by a fragment of shell, which burst prematurely at the mouth of one of their cohorns, and killed him on the spot decapitating him. He is described by some writers as an unpopular officer. The command of the siege of Fort Niagara then fell on Sir William Johnson.

References

British Army brigadiers
1718 births
1759 deaths
People from Honiton
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
British military personnel killed in the Seven Years' War
Scots Guards officers
55th Regiment of Foot officers
Younger sons of baronets

John Prideaux (British Army officer)


is the theatrical superhero film adaptation of the Japanese 2002 Kamen Rider series, Kamen Rider Ryuki, directed by Ryuta Tasaki and written by Toshiki Inoue. The catchphrases for the movie are  and .

The film is produced by Ishimori Productions and Toei, the producers of all the previous television series and films of the Kamen Rider series. Following the tradition of all Heisei Kamen Rider movies, it is a double bill with the movie for 2002's Super Sentai series Ninpuu Sentai Hurricaneger, Ninpuu Sentai Hurricaneger: Shushuuto the Movie, both of which premiered on August 17, 2002. The film's title is translated into English as Masked Rider Ryuki The Movie: Episode Final.

Plot
This movie is an alternate ending to the series, taking place after the events of episode 46. With only six Riders remaining in the Rider War, Shirō Kanzaki feels that time is running short to save Yui's life. At that time, Yui shows Shinji Kido and Ren Akiyama her childhood drawings and explains the reasoning for the Mirror World monsters and Shiro's reason to start the Rider War.

Shinji bumps into Miho Kirishima after she cons another wealthy man and takes Shinji's wallet. He chases after her before learning she Kamen Rider Femme prior to them being forced into fighting Mirror World monsters, Shinji making a failed attempt to convince her that they have to fight each other. Eventually, all but one of the riders are gathered by Shiro for an out-all fight, Miho revealed to be seeking revenge on Takeshi Asakura who murdered her sister and to resurrect her. But during the fight, Kamen Rider Ouja overwhelms Femme and was about to finish her off with Genocider when the Contract Monster is destroyed by a black-colored version of Kamen Rider Ryuki. His Kamen Rider form regressed to a Blank State before Femme destroys his Advent deck keeping him alive in the Mirror World, Takeshi disintegrates while attempting to kill the woman. Later, having intended to continue fighting, Shuichi Kitaoka renounces being Kamen Rider Zolda and forfeits to use his remaining moments to date Reiko Momoi.

Having assumed Shinji saved her from Takashi, Miho treats him to dinner while expressing her gratitude to the confused Shinji. While in the bathroom, the mirror Shinji enters, and disguised as the real one, tries to throw Miho off the roof of a building. As she realizes that he is not Shinji, he reveals himself as Ryuga, and Miho transforms to Femme to fight him. Ren as Kamen Rider Knight and fighting another Mirror World monster, notices Ryuga and Femme fighting, mistaking Ryuga to be Shinji. Femme is mortally wounded, but saved by Shinji as Ryuki who then catches a glimpse of his own mirror doppelganger before Ryuga leaves. After leaving the Mirror World, Shinji and Miho share a final moment together, before Miho dies from her wounds.

Ren returns to Shinji, thinking Shinji has finally realized the meaning of the Rider War and demands the two of them fight, while Shinji rejects Ren bluntly and claims he never thought of that.

Shinji remembers that he had previously known Yui as a child, and had abandoned her. This made her create a doppelganger Shinji in the Mirror World, then revealed as the mysterious Kamen Rider Ryuga, a darker form of Ryuki. Shinji feels that it was his fault that resulted in the creation of a darker version of himself. Taking Shinji's guilt into account, Ryuga tricks Shinji into uniting both bodies so he can be a real human, taking over Shinji's body in the process.

This is seen by Ren, who transforms into Knight and battles Ryuga, the two of them fighting while Yui's life shortens further. After defeating Knight, Ryuga tries to strike the killing blow before Shinji within Ryuga struggles. The two beings separate and they fight each other. After a climactic battle, Ryuga is killed by his original counterpart via Ryuki's Final Vent.

Ren tells Shinji that he must win, and that Shinji agrees he will not let up and will fight Ren willingly. Before they fight, Shinji and Ren transform into their respective Survive Rider forms and face a horde of Hydragoon Mirror World monsters as the movie ends.

Characters

Cast
Takamasa Suga as Shinji Kido, Mirror Shinji Kido
Satoshi Matsuda as Ren Akiyama
Ayano Sugiyama as Yui Kanzaki
Kenzaburo Kikuchi as Shiro Kanzaki
Ryohei as Shuichi Kitaoka
Tomohisa Yuge as Goro Yura
Takashi Hagino as Takeshi Asakura
Kanji Tsuda as Daisuke Okubo
Sayaka Kuon as Reiko Momoi
Hitomi Kurihara as Nanako Shimada
Kazue Tsunogae as Sanako Kanzaki
Natsuki Katō as Miho Kirishima
Eugene Nomura as Restaurant Customer (DC ver. only)
Yoji Sawamukai (Played as "沢向 要士") as Kazuo Mizuoka
Erena as Miho Kirishima's Older Sister
Yoshikazu Ebisu as Owner of Mansion
Bengaru as Taxi Driver
Toshiki Kashu as Restaurant Staff (cameo)
Rina Akiyama as Amusement Park Staff (cameo)
Yūsuke Tomoi as Takeshi Asakura's Victim (cameo)
Jun Kaname (cameo), Tōko Fujita (cameo), Jun Yamasaki (cameo) as Okonomiyaki Restaurant Customers
Akiyoshi Shibata (cameo) as Okonomiyaki Restaurant Staff
Hiroyuki Shibamoto, Shigenori Sōya, Yoshimasa Chida, Katsumi Shiono as Sheerghost/Raydragoon voice
Tsuyoshi Koyama as Visor Voice

Songs
Theme song
 "Alive A life -Advent Mix-"
 Lyrics: Yuko Ebine
 Composition: Kohei Wada
 Arrangement: Takahiro Ando
 Artist: Rica Matsumoto

Reception
Kamen Rider Ryuki: Episode Final grossed $10,112,538 at the box office.

References

External links
 Official website from Toei TV

2002 films
Ryuki
Battle royale
Films directed by Ryuta Tasaki

Kamen Rider Ryuki: Episode Final


Morben is a hamlet in northern Powys, Wales. Part of the historic county of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn) from 1536 to 1974, it lies on the Afon Dyfi and was once the home of a number of riverside quays, including Cei Ward and Y Bwtri. The site of Cei Ward lies alongside the A487 opposite Plas Llugwy, where the road, railway and river run close together. Y Bwtri lay on the bend of the river opposite Pennal and was the site of a shipyard.

The narrow gauge Corris, Machynlleth & River Dovey Tramroad (opened 1859) carried slate from the quarries around Corris and Aberllefenni to Morben, where it was loaded into ships for onward shipment. At around the time the tramway became the Corris Railway in the early 1860s the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway extended the standard gauge rails west of Machynlleth, and soon after the section of the Tramroad west of Machynlleth was abandoned and slate was instead trans-shipped to main line trains.

Inward goods offloaded at Morben would have included lime and coal.

Morben lies on the A487 trunk road from Machynlleth to Aberystwyth. Plas Morben stands on the hillside above the road, while Morben Isaf caravan park lies between the road and the river.

Villages in Powys
Corris Railway

Morben


Jonathan Hugger (born April 20, 1977) is an American professional wrestler and author.  He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling  under the ring name Johnny the Bull, for World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring name Johnny Stamboli, and for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Lucha Libre AAA World Wide and Lucha Libre USA under the ring name Rellik.  His memoir, Through the Eyes of the Bull, focuses on his time with the Mamalukes in WCW.

Professional wrestling career

World Championship Wrestling (1999–2001)

While attending college in Atlanta, Georgia and working as a doorman at the Club Oxygen nightclub, Hugger exercised at the Main Event Fitness gym, which was owned by World Championship Wrestling employees Lex Luger and Sting. During one of his visits to the gym, WCW employee Diamond Dallas Page met with Hugger and encouraged him to train as a wrestler. Hugger subsequently participated alongside 19 other prospective wrestlers in a $240 tryout at the WCW's Power Plant training center. The tryout featured press ups, sprinting, squats and freestyle wrestling in temperatures of over 100 degrees. Hugger passed the tryout, but did not immediately begin training as a wrestler. Six months later, he was attacked and stabbed six times. Hugger resolved to change his lifestyle, which he believed had resulted in his assault, and enlisted in the Power Plant, where he was finally trained to wrestle in earnest.

After training, Hugger debuted for WCW as "Johnny Hugger" on the September 28, 1999 episode of WCW WorldWide, losing to Chuck Palumbo. Hugger's WCW Pay-Per-View debut came at their December 19, 1999 Starrcade. He adopted the ring name "Johnny the Bull" and formed a Mafia-themed tag team called the Mamalukes with Big Vito, which was managed by Tony Marinara.

On January 18, 2000 in Evansville, Indiana, Hugger and Big Vito defeated Crowbar and David Flair for the WCW World Tag Team Championship. The match was broadcast on the January 19 episode of Thunder. They held the championship until February 12, when they were defeated by Creative Control in Oberhausen during a tour of Germany. The Mamalukes regained the championship on the following day in Leipzig, and held it until March 19, when they lost to Creative Control in a no disqualification match at the pay-per-view Uncensored, which took place in the AmericanAirlines Arena in Miami, Florida.

On June 5, 2000, The Mamalukes attacked Hardcore Champion Terry Funk during a title defense against WCW President Eric Bischoff, enabling Bischoff to defeat Funk. On the June 7 episode of Thunder, Bischoff awarded the Hardcore Championship to The Mamalukes, making them co-champions. On June 19, Big Vito defeated Hugger to become the undisputed Hardcore Champion. On the July 3 episode of Nitro, while wrestling Funk in a hardcore match, Hugger tore his urethra while executing a diving leg drop and was sidelined for two months while recuperating.

On the September 11, 2000 edition of Nitro, Hugger returned to betray Vito and join several other Power Plant graduates in a stable known as the Natural Born Thrillers, a collection of young wrestlers who sought to challenge more established wrestlers. Hugger eventually reconciled with Vito and reformed the Mamalukes, and the two continued teaming until WCW's closure in March 2001.  Their final match in WCW was a loss to the team of Lance Storm and Mike Awesome on 12 March 2001's edition of Nitro.

World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment (2001–2004)

In March 2001, World Championship Wrestling was purchased by its Stamford, Connecticut-based rival, the World Wrestling Federation. Hugger's contract was bought out by the WWF. Johnny the Bull wrestled one dark match before the July 12, 2001 edition of SmackDown!, losing to Rob Van Dam. Johnny the Bull was introduced to the promotion as a member of The Alliance but after a single appearance on WWF television, Hugger was sent to the Heartland Wrestling Association, an Ohio-based WWF developmental territory, in late July 2001, to further his training. While in the HWA, he won the promotion's Heavyweight Championship on two occasions in 2002.

After the company was renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment in May 2002, Hugger returned to WWF television on the June 30, 2002 episode of Sunday Night Heat under the ring name Johnny "The Bull" Stamboli, losing via disqualification to Tommy Dreamer. On the July 15 episode of Raw, Stamboli won the Hardcore Championship, his first title in WWE, from Bradshaw. Bradshaw would, however, regain the title from Hugger later that night. On the July 29 episode of Raw, Stamboli won the Hardcore Title once again after pinning Jeff Hardy, but lost the title a few seconds later to Tommy Dreamer. Following this, he became a mainstay on Heat and would later turn face due to fan reaction in late September 2002.

On February 13, 2003, Stamboli was moved to the SmackDown! brand and became a heel again when he allied with Nunzio and Chuck Palumbo to attack Rikishi. Together, the trio became the Full Blooded Italians. The FBI would go on to wrestle throughout 2003 and early 2004 before disbanding on March 22, 2004 when Palumbo was moved to the Raw brand. Stamboli and Nunzio continued to team together until he was released from his WWE contract on November 4.

All Japan Pro Wrestling (2004–2005)

Following his release from WWE, Hugger began wrestling for the Japanese All Japan Pro Wrestling promotion after his friend Troy Endres, who was portraying a fake Great Muta, retired after tearing both of his anterior cruciate ligaments and nominated Hugger as his replacement. Hugger donned a mask and adopted the character of GREAT MUTA, losing to the real Great Muta at The Unchained World on December 5, 2004 in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan in Tokyo.

On January 2, 2005 in the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Hugger dropped his Great Muta character and formed a stable with Taru known as the Voodoo Murders. The Voodoo Murders, who declared that they wished to destroy AJPW, eventually expanded to include several other WCW and WWE alumni, including Chuck Palumbo.

Independent circuit (2005–2007)
In 2005, Hugger and Chuck Palumbo reformed the Full Blooded Italians in the Italy-based Nu-Wrestling Evolution promotion. In 2006, Hugger toured Mexico, teaming with Marco Corleone in the Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre promotion. In late 2006, Hugger began working for the Arizona-based Impact Zone Wrestling promotion, where he created a character named REDRUM, a reference to the 1980 film The Shining. Hugger based Redrum on the Great Muta character he had portrayed in AJPW.

In the summer of 2007, Hugger wrestled two dark matches for World Wrestling Entertainment, using the ring name The Unknown Wrestler defeating Chavo Guerrero Jr.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2007–2008)
In late 2007, Hugger exhibited his REDRUM character for Jeff Jarrett, Vince Russo and Terry Taylor, members of the creative team of the Orlando, Florida-based Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) promotion, and was subsequently hired. He debuted in TNA on November 11, 2007 at the pay-per-view Genesis. In his next appearance, his ring name was changed to Rellik. He then aligned himself with Black Reign and James Mitchell, with he and Reign forming a tag team. In their debut match as a team, they lost to Abyss and Raven at Turning Point in a Match of 10,000 Tacks. After losing several matches, the team picked up its first and only victory after defeating The Motor City Machineguns on the March 10, 2008 episode of Impact!. On the April 16 episode of Impact!, Rellik and Black Reign made their final appearance as a team in a losing effort to Team 3D in the first round of the Deuces Wild tournament. After losing three dark matches in mid-May, Hugger left TNA. After TNA, Hugger returned to the independent circuit until the end of the year. For 2009 he was inactive from wrestling.

Lucha Libre USA (2010–2011)
Hugger returned to wrestling on June 6, 2010 Lucha Libre USA debut match saw him, as Rellik, team with Misteriosito in a losing effort against Lujo Esquire and Octagoncito. Rellik took part in a tournament to crown number one contenders for the LLUSA Heavyweight Championship but was defeated by Charly Malice in the first round of the tournament. Hugger Joined Lizmark, Jr.'s stable Treachery along with Sydistiko. On December 12, 2010, Treachery (Rellik and Sydistiko) defeated Dinastia (El Oriental and Tinieblas, Jr.) in a tag match to advance into the 3-way tag team title match, Rellik helped Lizmark, Jr. to win the LLUSA Heavyweight Championship by blinding Marco Corleone with powder. On January 22, 2011, Rudisimo (El Oriental and Tinieblas, Jr.) defeated Puerto Rican Power (P.R. Flyer and San Juan Kid) and Treachery (Rellik and Sydistiko) in a three-way tag match to become the inaugural Lucha Libre USA Tag Team Champions. On March 19, Marco Corleone and Shane Helms defeated Treachery (Rellik and Sydistiko) in a tag team match, and later on in the main event, Rellik took part in a lucha roulette elimination number one contenders match for the LLUSA Championship, which was won by Charly Malice.

Independent circuit (2011–2014)
Hugger wrestled as Johnny Stamboli for the Phoenix, Arizona based IWF promotion.  He teamed with Tyson Tyler as "G.F.Y.".
Hugger also appeared in IWF as "REDRUM," a character similar to Rellik. As REDRUM, Hugger lost via disqualification to The Hurricane on 15 May 2014. As of January 2022, according to Cagematch.net, this was Hugger's most recent wrestling match.

Personal life
In July 2016, Hugger was named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury.  The suit is litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who has been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. In September 2018, The lawsuit was dismissed by US District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant.

Championships and accomplishments
Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Impact Zone Wrestling
IZW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Toryumon
Yamaha Cup (2006) – with Chuck Palumbo
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Hardcore Championship (1 time)1
WCW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Big Vito
World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Hardcore Championship (2 times)

1Johnny the Bull held the title jointly with Big Vito during his reign.

References

External links

1977 births
20th-century professional wrestlers
21st-century professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Atlanta
Professional wrestlers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Full Blooded Italians members
WWF/WWE Hardcore Champions
WCW World Tag Team Champions

Johnny Stamboli


The Central New England Railway  was a railroad from Hartford, Connecticut, and Springfield, Massachusetts, west across northern Connecticut and across the Hudson River on the Poughkeepsie Bridge to Maybrook, New York. It was part of the Poughkeepsie Bridge Route, an alliance between railroads for a passenger route from Washington to Boston, and was acquired by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad in 1904.

History

Hartford west: 1868-1889
The Connecticut Western Railroad was chartered June 25, 1868 to run from Hartford, Connecticut, west to the New York state line, where it would meet the Dutchess & Columbia Railroad just east of Millerton, New York. The line was completed December 21, 1871; the previous month the company had leased the easternmost bit of the D&C to gain access to the New York & Harlem Railroad at Millerton. The only branch was a short one in Connecticut, south into Collinsville, which would not be completed until December, 1874. The Connecticut Western became bankrupt on April 27, 1880, and on March 31, 1881 it was reorganized as the Hartford & Connecticut Western Railroad.

In the meantime, the Rhinebeck & Connecticut Railroad was organized in New York on June 29, 1870 to build from Rhinecliff on the Hudson River east to the Connecticut state line to join the Connecticut Western. The line opened to the public on April 14, 1875, running from Rhinecliff east to Boston Corners, New York. From Boston Corners to the state line, the R&C obtained trackage rights over the track of the Poughkeepsie & Eastern Railroad, which junctioned with the Connecticut Western and Dutchess and Columbia at the state line.

On July 1, 1882 the Hartford & Connecticut Western bought the Rhinebeck & Connecticut Railroad, giving it a line from Hartford to the Hudson River. The Poughkeepsie, Hartford & Boston Railroad, the successor to the Poughkeepsie & Eastern, went bankrupt in the 1880s, and on January 26, 1884 the H&CW outright bought the line east of Boston Corners that it had operated under trackage rights.

Poughkeepsie Bridge: 1871-1899
Over the years, several plans had been made for a fixed span across the Hudson River south of Albany to replace the numerous car float operations. One of the most persistent was originally chartered in 1868 as the Hudson Highland Suspension Bridge Company, and would have crossed from Anthony's Nose to Fort Clinton, now roughly the site of the Bear Mountain Bridge.

The proposal that was eventually built was the Poughkeepsie Bridge at Poughkeepsie. The Poughkeepsie Bridge Company was chartered in June 1871 to build the bridge, and the first train crossed the bridge on December 29, 1888. The Hudson Connecting Railroad was chartered in 1887 to build southwest from the bridge, and about the same time the Poughkeepsie & Connecticut Railroad was chartered to continue the line northeast from Poughkeepsie. The bridge company had hoped to acquire the Poughkeepsie, Hartford & Boston Railroad, but was unable to, and so chartered the P&C to run parallel, ending at the Hartford & Connecticut Western Railroad at Silvernails, NY. The connections were not completed until 1889, and on July 22 the two approaches merged to form the Central New England & Western Railroad. That same year the CNE&W leased the Hartford and Connecticut Western, giving it a route from Hartford all the way across the Hudson River to Maybrook and Campbell Hall, New York. Maybrook/Campbell Hall soon became a major junction point for many railroads transferring cars to the CNE&W. The Delaware & New England Railroad was also formed in 1889 as a holding company to own the CNE&W and Poughkeepsie Bridge Company.

In April 1890 the CNE&W chartered the Dutchess County Railroad to run southeast from the east end of the bridge in Poughkeepsie to Hopewell Junction, the west end of the New York & New England Railroad (NY&NE) at the Newburgh, Dutchess and Connecticut Railroad. The line opened May 8, 1892, giving the NY&NE a route to the bridge.

The Reading Company (RDG) bought the CNE&W and Poughkeepsie Bridge Company from D&NE in January 1892, extending RDG's influence to New England via the Pennsylvania, Poughkeepsie & Boston Railroad. The two companies merged on August 1, 1892 to form the Philadelphia, Reading & New England Railroad (PR&NE). RDG proved unable to handle its new acquisitions, and PR&NE defaulted on its interest payments in May 1893. The final reorganization came on January 12, 1899 with the formation of the Central New England Railway (CNE).

Central New England Railway: 1899-1927

The original Connecticut Western had from the start been interested in building a branch from Tariffville, Connecticut, to Springfield, Massachusetts and the CNE finally began it in 1899. Thwarted by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad's  (NH) surreptitious grab of a parcel of land known as Montague Farm and legal maneuvers thereafter, the East Granby and Suffield Railroad had to be incorporated in 1901 to build a loop around the farm and rejoin the branch which connected with the Boston & Albany Railroad at Agawam Junction in West Springfield, Massachusetts. From West Springfield to Springfield, trackage rights were obtained over the B&A. The branch opened on September 12, 1902. Less than six months after the Springfield extension debuted via the loop, the Montague property was suddenly obtainable for a pittance. CNE then completed the last 313 feet of the original line, which it had to charter separately as the Short Line Railroad Company, and passenger trains began to run via the farm on March 9, 1903. The loop was retained briefly for freight use but was ended by May 1904. NH acquired financial control of CNE that same year, mostly for the Poughkeepsie Bridge and western connection at Maybrook that it would soon develop to its fullest potential. CNE was allowed to operate separately, but the lease of the Dutchess County Railroad was assigned to NH on December 1 to allow its access to the bridge. The Newburgh,  Dutchess & Connecticut Railroad and Poughkeepsie & Eastern Railway (P&E) acquired by the NH in 1905 and 1907, were both assigned to the CNE and merged into it June 25, 1907 (along with the Dutchess County Railroad). The ND&C gave CNE a route from Millerton southwest to the Hudson River at Beacon, intersecting the Dutchess County at Hopewell Junction, and P&E ran parallel to the main line from Boston Corners southwest to Poughkeepsie. By 1915 the former NY&NE from Hopewell Junction to Danbury, Connecticut, would also be transferred to CNE.

In 1910 the Poughkeepsie & Connecticut main line was abandoned in favor of the parallel Poughkeepsie & Eastern Railway from Pine Plains, New York, southwest to Salt Point, where the two lines had crossed The P&E used trackage of the Newburgh, Dutchess & Connecticut Railroad (also merged into the CNE in 1907) from Pine Plains southwest to Stissing, NY. Connections were built at both ends of the abandonment.

By the early 1920s, the New York, New Haven and Hartford had acquired access to the CNE lines. However, the NYNHH made limited use of the opportunity for long-distance east-west integration of the CNE lines with the NYNHH network. Passengers wishing for making east-west trips between the Hudson Valley and eastern Connecticut or Boston would need to take a Campbell Hall - Waterbury - Hartford train, and then transfer to one of the latter two stations to a Waterbury - Hartford - Boston train.

In 1921 the Massachusetts part of the Springfield Branch was abandoned after less than 20 years of operation. The former P&E was abandoned from Ancram Lead Mines (NY) northeast to Boston Corners in 1925; along with the concurrent abandonment of part of the former Newburgh, Dutchess & Connecticut Railroad to the south, the old Poughkeepsie and Connecticut Railroad and Rhinebeck & Connecticut Railroad was the only remaining route of three from Pine Plains to Connecticut.

New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and successors: 1927-
On January 1, 1927 CNE was finally merged into NH. The New Haven ended all passenger service on the CNE lines that year, with the exception of the segment running from Copake, New York, southwest to  Stanfordville, Pleasant Valley and Poughkeepsie, which ran at least to January, 1932.

CNE had the steepest grades of the various east-west routes of the NH; most bridge traffic was routed via the former NY&NE to Hopewell Junction. In 1932 the former Rhinebeck & Connecticut Railroad was abandoned from Copake (northwest of Boston Corners) southeast to the state line, cutting the CNE in two. The NH had removed CNE tracks from Waterbury west to Southbury in 1937, a critical link in any east-west rail itinerary between the mid-Hudson Valley (Campbell Hall and Poughkeepsie) and eastern Connecticut (Willimantic).

More abandonments came during 1938. The main line was closed from East Canaan east to Tariffville, along with the rest of the Springfield Branch. The main line and former Rhinebeck & Connecticut were abandoned northeast and east from Poughkeepsie and Rhinecliff, as well as the parallel P&E and the main line from the state line east to Lakeville. In 1940 the main line from East Canaan to Canaan was closed, and in 1965 the line between Lakeville and Canaan was abandoned.

The Hartford & Connecticut Western Railroad was owned by NH through the CNE, but was not merged by the mid-1930s when NH became bankrupt. On December 31, 1937 the H&CW filed a reorganization plan. After a long reorganization, H&CW was merged into the NH on September 18, 1947 (along with the Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad and Old Colony Railroad); by then all of the H&CW but the easternmost section had been abandoned.

At the time of the 1969 merger of the NH into Penn Central, all that remained of the original CNE was the westernmost section, from Maybrook over the Poughkeepsie Bridge and southeast along the Dutchess County Railroad to the former NY&NE as well as the easternmost portion to the northern part of Bloomfield, CT, from Hartford. The westernmost section was part of the Maybrook Branch, continuing east over former NY&NE and other lines to Derby. With the May 8, 1974 closure of the Poughkeepsie Bridge, the Maybrook Branch was abandoned west of Hopewell Junction. In 1976 the remaining line became part of Conrail. The Connecticut Department of Transportation later acquired it and in January 1999 the Central New England Railroad began operations on the 8.7 mile (14 km) Griffins Industrial Track.

References

Railroad History Database
Philip C. Blakeslee, A Brief History Lines West Of The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Co. (1953)
Lyndon A. Haight, Pine Plains and the Railroads (1976)
Surface Transportation Board - Central New England Railroad, Inc.--operation exemption--line owned by State of Connecticut Department of Transportation
PRR Chronology

External links

Defunct Connecticut railroads
Defunct Massachusetts railroads
Defunct New York (state) railroads
Companies affiliated with the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Former Class I railroads in the United States
Predecessors of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad
Railway companies established in 1899
Railway companies disestablished in 1927
American companies established in 1899

Central New England Railway


Kane Waselenchuk (born November 9, 1981) is a professional racquetball player born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Waselenchuk finished the 2018–19 season as the #1 player on the International Racquetball Tour  (IRT) for a record extending 13th time. Waselenchuk, a left-handed player, has dominated the IRT for the last decade, including a record 134-match unbeaten streak that lasted over three years.

Professional career
Waselenchuk has won 118 IRT tournaments through the 2019 US Open, which is the most career IRT wins ahead of Cliff Swain with 71. Remarkably, Waselenchuk's won those 118 tournaments in only 172 tournament appearances for a  tournament winning rate of 68.6%.

Waselenchuk has won 15 US Open Racquetball Championships, pro racquetball's most prestigious event, which is more than any other player (Sudsy Monchik is second with four US Open titles). He won it from 2003 to 2005 and from 2008 to 2019.

Waselenchuk was undefeated in completed matches between January 2009 and September 2013 with his only losses coming from defaults due to injury. The streak was ended by Jose Rojas in the semi-finals of the Kansas City Pro-Am – the first IRT tournament of the 2013–14 season.

Early Seasons 2000–01 to 2002–2003
In his first tournament in April 2000 at age 18, Waselenchuk made it to the quarter finals before falling to Cliff Swain in five games. Then in October he played in his first US Open and upset defending champion Jason Mannino in the Round of 32 before falling in the quarters to Álvaro Beltrán.

Waselenchuk won his first IRT tournament in October 2001 a few weeks short of his 20th birthday, defeating John Ellis in the final of the Chicago event. He finished #4 in his first full season on the IRT. Waselenchuk improved to a #2 season ending ranking in 2002–03 (behind only Jason Mannino), winning 3 of the 5 finals he was in that season.

Middle Seasons 2003–04 to 2005–2006
Waselenchuk began to dominate the IRT in 2003–04, when he won 6 of 13 IRT events, including his first US Open title, and he finished as the #1 IRT player for the first time.

In 2004–05, Waselenchuk continued his dominance of the IRT by winning 8 of the 12 tournaments he entered, including the 2004 US Open, the second of his career. In the US Open final he gave up only four points to former IRT #1 Cliff Swain, winning 11–1, 11–3, 11–0. The 0 or donut is the first time a player has held his opponent scoreless in a US Open final. Waselenchuk successfully retained the season ending #1 ranking on the IRT.

In 2005–06, Waselenchuk won 4 of the 10 IRT main events this season, including a third straight US Open title, when he again beat Swain in the final, but this time by scores of 11–5, 12–10, 12–10, and finished #1 at season's end.

Seasons 2008–09 to 2017–18
In 2008–09, Waselenchuk went 49–1, with the only loss to Álvaro Beltrán in the semi-finals of the California Open in January 2009. He regained the US Open title – his fourth, although did lose some games on the road to the final, including two in a tie-breaker win over Beltran. Waselenchuk finishes as the #1 IRT player for the fourth time, although he did miss three events.

Waselenchuk won 9 of the 10 IRT events in the 2009–10 season – defeating Jack Huczek in six finals and Rocky Carson in two, and Ben Croft in another. He won 102 games and lost only 3, and did not face a tie-breaking 5th game in any match. The only tournament Waselenchuk did not win was one he missed due to illness. In October, he won his 5th US Open title setting a new mark for most US Open titles by a man, passing Sudsy Monchik's 4 titles, and did not lose a game in winning the title.

In 2010–11, Waslenchuk won 12 IRT events, including a 6th US Open victory. He played Mexican Álvaro Beltrán in that final, and Beltran won the first game, which was the first time Waselenchuk had lost a game in a US Open final.  Waselenchuk entered the 2011 New York City Pro-Am, but withdrew due to illness prior to his semi-final with Jack Huczek.

Waselenchuk won nine tournaments in each of the 2011–12 and 2012–13 IRT seasons, including his 7th and 8th US Open, which is the most by any player. His only loss in 2012–13 came in the Denver Pro-Am, when he hurt his knee in the final against Rocky Carson and had to retire after the third game, with Carson leading 2–1.

Waselenchuk won eight of the nine IRT tournaments he entered in the 2013–14 season. The loss came against Jose Rojas in the semi-finals of the Kansas City Pro-Am – the first IRT tournament of the season. He then won his 9th US Open, which set the career IRT tournament wins record. But in doing so he was injured, and missed the next two IRT events as a result. Upon his return, Waselenechuk won out the rest of the season: seven straight tournaments.

In the 2014–15 season, Waselenchuk missed three events in the first part of the season due to a recurrence of the vestibular problems he'd had earlier in his career. He came back for the Garden City, Kansas event, but forfeited his quarterfinal match due to the problem. As result of these absences and the quarterfinal result, Waselenchuk was the #2 ranked player for most of the second half of the IRT season behind Carson. But by winning the last event of the season in Fresno, California, Waselenchuk passed Carson in the rankings to finish #1 for a 10th season.

He won 10 of the 14 Tier 1/Grand Slam events in the 2015–16 season to finish #1 by a fair margin over his competition and secure his 11th pro title.  His record of 41-3 for the season includes two tournament withdrawals and one on-the-court injury forfeit in May 2016.  He missed one tournament altogether.

In the 2016–17 season, Waselenchuk won 7 of the 9 events, missed the other two tournaments and was undefeated at 29-0 for the season to secure his 12th pro title.  More impressively, he was undefeated in GAMES for this season, finishing the year 85-0 in games played, part of an amazing streak of 113 consecutive games won by Waselenchuk during this time period on tour.

He began the 2017–18 season in dominant fashion, winning the first four events, including his 13th US Open title in October, 2017. He suffered what appeared initially to be an innocuous looking knee injury in a semi finals win in January 2018's Canoga Park event, but it turned out to be a Grade 2 MCL sprain that cost him most of the second half of this season.  He made his return to the court for the season's final event, but was not able to secure enough points to retain the pro title.  When Rocky Carson secured a place in the finals of the Sarasota, Florida pro event in April 2018, he was guaranteed to finish no higher than #2 for the year.  He still won the event, defeating Carson in the final and finishing the season 24-2 (with both losses being injury defaults).

Retirement
Immediately after downing Carson for the final title of the year on 4/28/18, and hours after he was dethroned as champ after a decade on top, Waselenchuk announces that he is "90% sure that he's retiring" in his post-game interview on the court (see the 46:30 point of the Facebook Live video link). He's going to "take the summer" to think about it but says that he "isn't enjoying playing as much as he used to" and he may just show up at the US Open to "play spoiler" next year. He qualifies his announcement with a quick Facebook post saying that his announcement had nothing to do with "his injury or travel."  In a wide-ranging interview with Dylan Reid on The Racquetball Show in August 2018, he remained noncommittal to playing the tour full time again, citing differences with the current tour management regarding his compensation model given his stature on the tour.

International and Canadian competitions
Waselenchuk has played for Canada eight times: at the 1998, 2000 and 2002 International Racquetball Federation (IRF) World Championships, 1999–2002 Pan American Championships as well as the 1999 Pan American Games. In those appearances, Waselenchuk won gold once (in singles at the 2002 Pan American Championships), silver twice (both at the Pan American Championships; one in singles in 2001 and one in doubles with Brian Istace in 1999), and bronze twice (both at the World Championships, in 2002 in singles and in 1998 in doubles with Mike Green).

Waselenchuk won the Canadian Championship three consecutive years, from 1999 to 2001. He also won the doubles title in 2001 with Brian Istace.

Waselenchuk would have won a fourth title in 2006, but following the final match in which he defeated Mike Green, Waselenchuk failed a drug test for "cannabis and cocaine metabolite" after winning the Canadian Nationals. That positive test led to a two-year suspension from racquetball, so Waselenchuk did not play in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 IRT seasons.

Outdoor Competition
Waselenchuk made a foray into outdoor racquetball competition on two occasions. In October 2020, he partnered with Ben Croft and made an impressive run to the finals of the 3WB grand slam in Las Vegas, losing to what many considered to be the top outdoor team at the time, Daniel De La Rosa and Alvaro Beltran. Later, in 2023 Waselenchuk entered the Outdoor Nationals in Huntington Beach, CA, this time playing with Alvaro Beltran. Many thought this to be the most skilled doubles team ever assembled, but they fell in the quarterfinals to the best team nobody has ever heard of, Micah Rich and Jason Geis, the reigning two-time outdoor national champions.

Personal life
Waselenchuk resides in Austin, Texas. Waselenchuk is currently sponsored by Onnit, ProKennex, Nike, and Gemini.

See also
 List of racquetball players

References

Canadian racquetball players
Living people
1981 births
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Pan American Games competitors for Canada
Canadian sportspeople in doping cases
Racquetball players at the 1999 Pan American Games

Kane Waselenchuk


Mojo (stylised in all caps) is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom, initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in classic rock music. The magazine was designed to appeal to the 30 to 45-plus age group, or the baby boomer generation. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993. In keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, the first issue had Bob Dylan and John Lennon as its first cover stars. Noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it, including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, David Fricke, Jon Savage and Mick Wall. The launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka, Pat Gilbert and Phil Alexander. The current editor is John Mulvey.

While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of classic rock acts such as the Beatles, David Bowie and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer and "left-field" acts. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, and it continues to cover emerging acts. Modern cover stars of recent years have included Lana Del Rey and Arctic Monkeys. Every issue of Mojo published since its inception (apart from Mojo #88 and Mojo #125) has featured an article on Colin Blunstone.

Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. It introduced the Mojo Honours List, an awards ceremony that is a mixture of readers' and critics' awards, in 2004.

In early 2010, Mojo was involved in a controversial move by its new parent company, Bauer, to unilaterally impose a new contract on all photographers and writers, taking away their copyright, and offloading liability for libel or copyright infringement from the publisher onto the contributor. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauer's other music magazines, Kerrang! and Q, were reported as refusing to work under the new terms.

Lists
More recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many "Top 100" lists, including the subjects of drug songs (Mojo #109), rock epics (Mojo #125), protest songs (Mojo #126) and even the most miserable songs of all time (Mojo #127). To celebrate 150 issues, the magazine published a "Top 100 Albums of Mojo's Lifetime" list (essentially 1993 to 2006). The top five for this list were:

 Grace – Jeff Buckley (1994)
 American Recordings – Johnny Cash (1994)
 OK Computer – Radiohead (1997)
 Time Out of Mind – Bob Dylan (1997)
 Definitely Maybe – Oasis (1994)

In 2007, the magazine set out to determine "The Top 100 Records That Changed the World". The list was compiled and voted on by an eclectic panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz and Steve Earle. Little Richard's 1955 hit "Tutti Frutti" took the number one spot. Richard's record beat the Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (2nd) and Elvis Presley's "Heartbreak Hotel" (3rd). The magazine's editors claimed that "the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made". Hailing "Tutti Frutti" as the sound of the birth of rock 'n' roll, the editors went on to state that "one can only imagine how it must have sounded when the song exploded across the airwaves!"

The top ten on Mojo's "100 Records That Changed the World" list are:
 "Tutti Frutti" by Little Richard
 "I Want to Hold Your Hand" by The Beatles
 "Heartbreak Hotel" by Elvis Presley
 The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan by Bob Dylan
 Autobahn by Kraftwerk
 King of the Delta Blues Singers by Robert Johnson
 The Velvet Underground & Nico by the Velvet Underground and Nico
 Anthology of American Folk Music (various artists)
 "What'd I Say" by Ray Charles
 "God Save the Queen" by Sex Pistols

Other lists include a Top 50 of songs by a particular artist from time to time, usually compiled by a panel of music journalists and musicians. Featured artists have included David Bowie, Pink Floyd, The Beach Boys, The Who, Bruce Springsteen, and Neil Young, among many.

Special editions

After the success of an all-Beatles issue published to mark the release of The Beatles Anthology in 1995, many stand-alone, special editions of Mojo have been produced, devoting an entire magazine to one artist or genre. Three of the most successful were the series (produced by then special editions editor Chris Hunt) telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Featuring contributions from many of the world's leading rock critics and Beatles experts, such as Hunter Davies, Mark Lewisohn, Richard Williams, Ian MacDonald, Peter Doggett and Alan Clayson, the three magazines were published between 2002 and 2003, before being collected together by editor-in-chief Paul Trynka and published as the book The Beatles: Ten Years That Shook The World (Dorling Kindersley, 2004).

Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, psychedelia, punk and the sixties. Mojo has also published four editions of "The MOJO Collection: The Greatest Albums Of All Time" (Canongate Books), originally edited by the magazine's founding features editor, Jim Irvin, and a series of short, definitive biographies under the imprint Mojo Heroes, starting in 2002 with Neil Young: Reflections In Broken Glass, written by Sylvie Simmons, a longtime Mojo contributing editor.

Mojo Radio
The company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the digital television networks in the UK (Freeview channel 721 and Sky Digital channel 0182, though not Virgin Media) and online. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine. It was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008, in order to save Bauer the financial outlay.

Mojo Rocks
The magazine's current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a regular show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks, in which he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist.

References

External links

1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Bauer Group (UK)
Bauer Radio
Defunct radio stations in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1993
Magazines published in London
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Music magazines published in the United Kingdom
Periodicals with audio content

Mojo (magazine)


The Fiat Siena is a subcompact car produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat from 1996 to 2021. It is the four-door sedan version of the Fiat Palio, a supermini car especially designed for developing countries. It was introduced for the first time in South America, and was produced in various countries worldwide.

The Siena was produced in two generations from 1996 to 2012.

Siena
Front wheel drive vehicles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles

Fiat Siena


Swimmers is a 2005 American independent drama about a waterman's family on Chesapeake Bay's eastern shore. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2005, and won the Grand Jury Prize for Best New American Film from the Seattle International Film Festival. The title and theme of the film were inspired by the Latin name for the Chesapeake Bay's indigenous Maryland blue crab – Callinectes sapidus – Callinectes translates as "beautiful swimmers."

Plot
Set in a small waterfront town in coastal Maryland, Swimmers is a film that focuses on Emma Tyler, a fiercely intelligent and observant 11-year-old who develops an ear problem requiring surgery that the Tylers can ill afford. Emma's father, Will, drinks a lot and lives hand to mouth as a waterman. Her mother, Julia, has become a miserable soul, trying to keep a household together on meager funds. She also suspects that Will is having an affair.

Grounded, literally, from her favorite pastime, swimming, Emma is forced to look for alternative ways to pass those lazy summer days. When no one seems to be very interested in talking to Emma, she finds friendship with a troubled young woman, Merrill, who has returned to town looking to deal with her past. The sweetly innocent Emma allows the world-weary Merrill in some ways to reconnect with her own lost innocence, while Merrill, for her part, provides an oasis for Emma, who feels invisible at home in the eyes of her struggling parents. Added to this volatile mix of domestic strife is a love story desperately trying to emerge between Merrill and one of Emma's older brothers Clyde. However, Merrill's ugly past and pathologic need to be used threatens to resurface and destroy her newfound sense of purity.

Will and Julia love their daughter immensely, but suffer from the financial woes of a poor fishing season, the sudden loss of Will's boat and Will's fierce pride in not having to ask for handouts.

Casting
 Tara Devon Gallagher plays the pivotal role of 11-year-old Emma Tyler, whose passion for swimming is suddenly disrupted by an ear injury requiring expensive surgery. Although Gallagher never had an acting class before – much less ever acted, she beat out hundreds of other preteens from New York, Los Angeles and Maryland. Producers said that they were blown away in her initial audition when they asked her to improvise a line of dialog in the script. Sadler says, "it was clear she was seeing and experiencing those things in her mind's eye."
 Robert Knott as Will Tyler, a Chesapeake Bay waterman who struggles to hold onto his livelihood. Sadler discovered Knott through actor Ed Harris, who had served as one of Sadler's advisors at the Sundance Institute Directing Workshop and had previously cast Knott as his brother in his critically acclaimed film, Pollock. Harris was so impressed with the Swimmers script that he had shown it to Knott before there was any discussion about who would play Will Tyler in the film.
 Cherry Jones as Julia Tyler, the fiercely determined wife of Will Tyler. Jones says of her character, "She's the matriarch of a family who's bottoming out, and she has got to be the glue that binds everything together."
 Shawn Hatosy as Clyde Tyler, the second son who becomes the town's patrolman rather than a waterman like his dad. From the moment Hatosy received the script for Swimmers he said the story really affected him, saying "The story and the way Doug wrote it – from the perspective of the little girl – just found its way into me." Being from Maryland originally, Hatosy also had a real soft spot for anything that has to do with his home state. Aware that the production would be auditioning actors the following week, he called producer Melanie Backer and persuaded her to accompany him to a screening of his latest film, Dallas 362. Backer, who was already a Hatosy fan from his work in Outside Providence immediately arranged a meeting with writer-director Doug Sadler. Several hours later, Hatosy had the role.
 Sarah Paulson as Merrill, the mysterious, kohl-eyed beauty who suddenly turns up in town in a desperate attempt to understand her own emotionally troubled past. Swimmers casting director Ellen Parks first spotted Paulson in the 1998 off-Broadway hit, Killer Joe, with Scott Glenn and Amanda Plummer.

Reception
Swimmers was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival's American Spectrum showcase and finalist for the Humanitas Prize. The festival called the movie "a uniquely American story that combines an Arthur Miller sense of drama with emotive Edward Hopperesque photography. Swimmers draws us in as naturally as the tide with the sharp reflections of its truth and humanity."

Daniel Wible of Film Threat described the film as "idyllically filmed" and having "a wonderfully evocative sense of place." Commenting on the film's water motif, Wible said, "Sadler and cinematographer Rodney Taylor draw exquisite visual parallels between the gentle rise and fall of the tide and the banal rhythms of daily seaside life. Their use of water as a timeless surrogate for life, hope, and even death, is particularly interesting, if not entirely original." About the performances, Wible said, "the film's cast is uniformly authentic and mesmerizing" but that, "Swimmers is ultimately young Tara Devon Gallagher's film. The rookie actress improbably delivers a profoundly mature performance that belies her experience."

Desson Thomson of The Washington Post wrote that overall, "Swimmers is an unhurried delight with persuasive performances, particularly from the beguiling Gallagher. And it evokes a memorable world -- dark mornings on the Chesapeake as watermen take out their chugging boats; silhouettes on piers; and the glistening of wriggling crabs in the sun."

The film has an 83% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

References

External links
 Official Site

2005 films
Films set in Maryland
Films shot in Maryland
Works about Chesapeake Bay
2000s English-language films
American independent films
American drama films
Eastern Shore of Maryland in fiction
2000s American films

Swimmers (2005 film)


Terefe Maregu Zewdie (born 1982 in Gojjam), also known as Dereje Maregu and Zwedo Maregu, is an Ethiopian runner who specializes in the 5000 metres. His personal best time is 13:06.39 minutes, achieved in July 2004 in Rome.

His breakthrough year came in 2004: he took the individual bronze medal and team gold in the short race at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and then went on to take the 5000 m title at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics. He won the Cross Internacional de Itálica in 2005 and went on to win team gold at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships that year. Tarefe won the Carlsbad 5000 in 2008, beating Mo Farah to the finish line. He also won the Boilermaker Road Race that year. He set a half marathon best of 1:01:14 in late 2009 with a third-place finish behind Haile Gebrselassie at the Oporto Half Marathon.

In 2010, he also took third at the Berlin Half Marathon, running 1:00:24 in wet conditions. He finished in third place at the BIG 25 race (also in Berlin) in May that year, running a time of 1:13:16. He made his marathon debut in October at the Frankfurt Marathon and he completed the race with a sub-2:10 run, securing sixth place in 2:09:03. He was also sixth at the Seoul International Marathon in March 2011, but was much slower (2:15:15) in that race.

Achievements

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Amhara Region
Ethiopian male long-distance runners
Ethiopian male cross country runners
21st-century Ethiopian people

Terefe Maregu