(translates as "an opera for the imagination") is a 1993 live-action animated musical anthology television film. It has been compared to films like Fantasia and Allegro Non Troppo, and consists of 12 different segments, most of which are based on different popular operas. All of these segments are done in a greater variety of animation styles than Fantasia had done. It was nominated for best production at the CableACE Awards in 1994.

Program

Intro
The film begins with "Je crois entendre encore" (from Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles) playing, while screenshots from each of the 12 segments appear.

Segments
"Ladies and gentlemen. Or perhaps... Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome. Welcome to a gala for a very special occasion. Tonight, we are going to celebrate 400 years of opera with some of my very favourite pieces. I've invited a few of my best friends along, and one or two of my best enemies. You may know some of them already: Lakmé, Scarpia, Pagliacci. And who better to accompany us as we start our journey than the first great recording artist, Caruso? Oh, it's not as far as the Met, La Scala or Covent Garden; we are going to my 'Opéra imaginaire'. So, let's imagine."

1. "Vesti la giubba", from Ruggero Leoncavallo's opera Pagliacci, sung by Enrico Caruso (in 1902) in the aria's introduction and Franco Corelli (in 1960) throughout the rest of it. A stop motion animation based on the opera with a dark comedy theme and the characters rendered as circus-style clowns. A "happier" ending is shown with the 2D-animated ghost of Nedda reconciling with a rather obese Canio after he had "accidentally" killed her. Directed by Ken Lidster.

"You may have heard of the jester Rigoletto. Well, his daughter is in love with the Duke of Mantua. This is not a very reputable neighbourhood. But then, the duke is not a very reputable person. He's about to see that women are fickle."

2. "La donna è mobile", from Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto, sung by Nicolai Gedda. In the crimson heart of the wine in his glass, the (live-acted) Duke of Mantua embarks on a 2D fantasy in which he sees hand-drawn animated nude women based on those who come from famous paintings by French painters. Directed by Monique Renault.

"Oh, there's a lady who doesn't let much slip through her fingers if she decides she wants it. But, who will she choose next? Or will fate take her hand? Hey, Carmen, what do the cards hold for you today?"

3. "Avec la garde montante", from Bizet's opera Carmen, sung by Les Petits Chanteurs à la Croix de Bois with the Opéra National de Paris, and conducted by Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos in 1970. Carmen (live-acted) lays down her tarot cards which through CGI spring to life with the images the cards each depicting one of her choices from the opera: Don José, Escamillo, or Death. Directed by Pascal Roulin and Christophe Vallaux.

"They say that love makes the world go round. Well, Count Almaviva's house is certainly spinning before Susanna's and Figaro's marriage. Oh, such a crazy day. Oh, I can remember feeling just like Cherubino, the page; young enough to be allowed liberties and, uh, old enough to take advantage of them. Oh, love..."

4. "Voi che sapete", from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro, sung by Suzanne Danco. A tribute to Cherubino's cross-dressing adventures, rendered through paper cut-out style animation against CGI backgrounds. Directed by Pascal Roulin.

"Now, which one was it, I wonder? Aha! Ah, I should have guessed... Madame Butterfly, such a fragile creature. She's looking for something too. Looking and waiting for a ship, and her husband to return."

5. "Un bel dì vedremo", from Giacomo Puccini's opera Madame Butterfly, sung by Felicia Weathers. The story of Cio-Cio-San's tragedy is rendered through animation in the style of traditional Japanese watercolors. Directed by Jonathan Hills.

"Hmm... Ah, what do we have here? A pearl from a necklace, no doubt. 'Cherchez la femme' as they say. Now where... Aha! Ah, you really can hear the sea. And a song from long ago, of two pearl fishers who swore they would always be friends, and..."

6. "Au fond du temple saint", also from Bizet's Les pêcheurs de perles, sung by Nicolai Gedda and Ernest Blanc. A wispy, black-and-white, rotoscoped animation depicting a condensed version of the opera's plot set to its famous aria. Directed by Jimmy T. Murakami.

"Ah, here we are, the Magic Flute. And the search for truth and light. Will Pamina find Tamino, the man she loves, in the Temple of Ordeal? Ah, ah, ah! Patience, Pamina."

7. "Bald prangt, den Morgen zu verkünden ... Du also bist mein Bräutigam", from Mozart's opera The Magic Flute, sung by Lucia Popp. A 2D-style CGI animated, geometrical version of the scene of Pamina's attempt at suicide and subsequent discovery of Tamino in the Temple of Ordeal, with all the characters' bodies rendered in geometrical shapes on an ever-shifting stage. Directed by Raimund Krumme.

"What's that? Is it the Prince over there? Or perhaps, Dandino? It must be the day after the ball. But it's Cinderella's bracelet, not a slipper, we must look for. And everyone keeps on switching identities. Oh, what a tangle..."

8. "Questo è un nodo avviluppato", from Gioachino Rossini's opera La Cenerentola, sung in sextet in 1963 by Giulietta Simionato, Ugo Benelli, Sesto Bruscantini, Dora Carra, Miti Truccato Pace, and Paolo Montarsolo with the Orchestra of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, and conducted by Oliviero De Fabritiis. A sunny take on the opera and the Cinderella fairy tale through hand-drawn animation with the characters randomly assuming each other's identities, as well as those of characters from other fairy tales, including "Goldilocks and the Three Bears", "Little Red Riding Hood", and "The Three Little Pigs". Directed by Stephen Palmer.

"Ah, I do love a happy ending. Don't you? I think most people do. Oh, except this chap. He's always around offering... temptation, and taking your soul in return. Many like Faust live to regret the pact they made with Mephistopheles."

9. "Le veau d'or", from Charles Gounod's opera Faust, sung by Nicolai Ghiaurov. A hand-drawn, sketchy rendition of the ill-fated romance between Faust and Marguerite as the booming voice of Mephistopheles, who manipulates them like puppets, sings throughout the sequence. Directed by Hilary Audus.

"Still more celebrations. But, not even the tragedy of La Traviata will stop the Parisian high society amusing themselves."

10. "Noi siamo zingarelle", from Verdi's opera La traviata, sung by the Chorus of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia of Rome, and conducted by Francesco Molinari-Pradelli. An unrelated visual version of the opera with stop motion claymation sweets attempting to bring colour to a world made of white cake. Directed by Guionne Leroy.

"Whoa! Well, I know that opera can be a very moving experience, but this? Ah, Lakmé. I can smell that jasmine. It is heavy perfume for a young British officer. And the jungle's full of dangerous secrets, as well as beauty."

11. "Flower Duet", from Léo Delibes's opera Lakmé, sung by Mady Mesplé and Danielle Millet with the Orchestre du Théâtre national de l'Opéra Comique, and conducted by Alain Lombard. A rendition of the opera in which Lakmé's arms and hands, through CGI, turn into various flora and fauna that are found in the jungles of India, including a tree, a cobra, a deer, a bird, a leopard, a woman's arm with bracelets, a rock, a human, a boat, a clump of reeds, and others, as Gérald (live-acted) meets Lakmé (live-acted) in the temple. Directed by Pascal Roulin.

"What the? Ah, of course. Baron Scarpia. Do you know the baron? Well, take it from me, you don't want to. And neither does Tosca, there. She's an opera singer, too. Now, I myself have sung with her on many occasions. The baron has condemned her lover to death. He's being held in the Castel Sant'Angelo."

12. "E lucevan le stelle", from Puccini's opera Tosca, sung by Carlo Bergonzi. An eerie hand-drawn animation depicting Cavaradossi's final hours of life observed by the angel of death and Baron Scarpia's attempted advance on Tosca. Directed by José Abel.

Ending
"Well, the time has come to leave my friends and their stories. But, of course, the magic of music can bring us back here anytime. There are no limits. Just... listen... and imagine."

During the end credits, the film closes again with Bizet's "Je crois entendre encore", while the same screenshots from each of the 12 segments shown in the beginning reappear.

Cast
Ana Lucia Alves as Carmen
Sébastien Chollet as Zurga
Franco Corelli as Canio
Alain de Greffe as Gerald
Mehdi Manglunki as Nadir
Bernard Marbaix as the Duke of Mantua
Fundji Ngelessy as Lakmé
Rubina Owadally as Leila
Ruggero De Pas as Narrator (James Smillie in English dubbing)

References

External links

Opéra imaginaire at Rotten Tomatoes

1993 films
1990s ghost films
French musical films
French anthology films
Films based on operas
Films based on multiple works
Animated musical films
Belgian animated films
1990s French animated films
British animated television films
Dutch animated films
1990s French-language films
1990s German-language films
1990s Italian-language films
1990s stop-motion animated films
Films with live action and animation
Clay animation films
1993 computer-animated films
1993 television films
1990s English-language films
1990s British films
Animated films based on multiple works
Animated films based on operas

Opéra imaginaire


Stirling Price Gilbert Sr. (January 31, 1862 – August 28, 1951) was a lawyer and justice in Georgia.

Education
Gilbert was born on January 31, 1862, in Stewart County, Georgia. In 1883 he graduated from Vanderbilt University with a Bachelor of Science, and in 1885 he graduated from Yale University with a Bachelor of Laws.

Career
Gilbert was admitted to the bar in 1885, and practiced law in Atlanta, Georgia, and Columbus, Georgia. From 1888 to 1893, he was a member of Georgia House of Representatives, and from 1888 to 1893, he was a Georgia superior court judge. 1908-16. From 1916 to 1937, Gilbert was a member of the Supreme Court of Georgia.

From 1943 to 1950, Gilbert served on the Georgia Board of Regents. Gilbert helped establish the Georgia State College for Women, donated funds for the construction of the Gilbert men's infirmary at the University of Georgia, and donated funds towards the design and construction of the S. Price Gilbert Library at the Georgia Institute of Technology, which was completed and dedicated on November 21, 1953.

References

1862 births
1951 deaths
Vanderbilt University alumni
Yale University alumni
People from Stewart County, Georgia
Members of the Georgia House of Representatives
Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges
Justices of the Supreme Court of Georgia (U.S. state)

S. Price Gilbert


Yvonne Schulz (born 19 November 1974) is a German former competitive ice dancer. She represented East Germany from 1988 to 1990 and the unified Germany from 1990 to 1995. Her most successful partnership was with Sven Authorsen, with whom she skated from 1992 until 1995. They qualified for the free dance at the 1994 European Championships, finishing 19th, and won the silver medal at the 1994 German Championships.

After retiring from competition, Schulz took an assistant coach position alongside Christina Henke-Mades in Dortmund. She also coached synchronised skating teams in Torvill and Dean's home rink, the National Ice Centre in Nottingham. She was with Nottingham Synchronised Skating Academy, (NSSA) for over a year, whilst living in Coventry with her husband and young daughter. She later returned to her hometown in Germany as she was homesick.

Competitive highlights

References

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Forst (Lausitz)
People from Bezirk Cottbus
German female ice dancers
East German female figure skaters
20th-century German women
German figure skating coaches
German expatriate sportspeople in England

Yvonne Schulz


Mae Naak is a 2003 opera composed by Thai composer Somtow Sucharitkul to an English libretto based on one of Thailand's best known ghost stories Mae Nak Phra Khanong.  The story is also the basis for Nonzee Nimibutr's popular film Nang Nak.

The opera's title role was created by Hong Kong born soprano Nancy Yuen who reprised the role in a 2005 production at the Thailand Cultural Center, Seoul born baritone Kyu Won Han as Maak, directed by Henry Akina, artistic director of the Hawaii Opera Theatre.  Both productions were designed by prominent Thai avant-garde artist Sumet Jumsai.

The opera's London premiere was on September 15, 2011, at the Bloomsbury Theatre in London.  Nancy Yuen again reprised the role.  The 2003 production was revived by Stefan Sanchez and the opera was conducted by Trisdee na Patalung.

Sources
Mae Naak: Review by Ken Smith in Opera Magazine, January 2006

External links
Bangkok Opera
Composers web site, accessed 9 June 2010

Operas
2003 operas
Operas by Somtow Sucharitkul
Mae Nak Phra Khanong
English-language operas

Mae Naak (opera)


Christopher J. Lancos (born July 12, 1984) is an American soccer defender who last played for Real Salt Lake of Major League Soccer.

Lancos played collegiate soccer at the University of Maryland, College Park, where he made 93 appearances for the Terrapins from 2002 to 2005, scoring 7 goals and 18 assists.  He was a starting member of Maryland's 2005 College Cup championship team.

He was selected in the fourth round, 41st overall by Real Salt Lake in the 2006 MLS Supplemental Draft, but opted instead to sign with the youth team of Germany's 1. FC Kaiserslautern.  He was allowed to terminate his contract early in January 2007, after about a year with the German side.  He subsequently signed with Real Salt Lake for the 2007 MLS season.

Lancos spent time in the U.S. Residency Program in Bradenton, Florida during 2000 and 2001.  He has been capped numerous times for the United States national youth teams, and was a member of the squad during the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship.

Chris Lancos is a current member of SAM.

External links

1984 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
Maryland Terrapins men's soccer players
1. FC Kaiserslautern II players
Real Salt Lake players
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Soccer players from West Virginia
Major League Soccer players
United States men's youth international soccer players
People from Glen Dale, West Virginia
Real Salt Lake draft picks
Men's association football defenders

Chris Lancos


The Drametse Ngacham (meaning "mask dance of the drums from Drametse", nga means "drum" and cham means "mask dance") is a sacred dance performed in the village of Drametse in eastern Bhutan. It is performed twice a year during the Drametse festival, which occurs on the fifth and tenth months of the Bhutanese calendar. The festival is organized by the Ogyen Tegchok Namdroel Choeling Monastery to honor Padmasambhava, an 8th-century Buddhist master.

A performance of the dance features sixteen masked male dancers and ten musicians. The dancers wear monastic robes and wooden masks with features of animals, both real and mythical. The musicians play "cymbals, trumpets and drums, including the bang nga, a large cylindrical drum, the lag nga, a small hand-held circular flat drum, and the nga chen, a drum beaten with a bent drumstick." They first perform a prayer dance in the soeldep cham, the main shrine, before appearing one by one in the courtyard of the monastery. The dance has two parts: a calm, contemplative part to represent the peaceful deities, and a rapid, athletic part for the wrathful ones.

Performances of the dance have been conducted for almost five centuries. In the late nineteenth century, the dance started spreading to other parts of Bhutan. Today, it is approaching to be something of a national dance for the country, representing the identity of the Bhutanese nation.

The dance was inscribed in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2008, though it was originally proclaimed in 2005. The original proclamation notes "the number of practitioners is dwindling due to the lack of rehearsal time, the absence of a systematic mechanism to train and honour the dancers and musicians and the gradual decrease in interest among young people."

The Institute of Language and Culture Studies at the Royal University of Bhutan coordinated and implemented a project to preserve and promote the dance. The project was funded by the Japanese Funds-in-Trust for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, through UNESCO. It involved strengthening the training capacities of the monastery, compiling existing documentation, recording videos of the dance, researching its history, and promotional activities. A result of the project was a book about the dance written in English and Dzongkha and an accompanying film.

References

External links
 Short UNESCO documentary on the dance
 Another performance of the dance

Buddhist rituals
Himalayan dances
Bhutanese culture
Sacred dance
Masked dances
Masquerade ceremonies in Asia

Drametse Ngacham


Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (Weimar, 12 July 1634 – hunting accident, Eckhartshausen, Marksuhl, 19 September 1686).

He was the fifth but third surviving son of Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau.

After the death of his father (1662), his older brother Johann Ernst II inherited Weimar, and his second brother Adolf Wilhelm received Eisenach. Johann Georg received an income from the new duchy of Saxe-Eisenach and took his residence in the small town of Marksuhl.

In 1668 his brother Adolf Wilhelm died. His fifth and only surviving son, Wilhelm August, was born eight days after his father's death and became duke from the moment of his birth; Johann George became the regent of the duchy and also the guardian of the new duke. Wilhelm August died in 1671 at only two years of age, and Johann Georg inherited the duchy.

The next year (1672) the death without heirs of the Duke Frederick Wilhelm III of Saxe-Altenburg forced a new treaty of division of the family lands between Johann Georg, his surviving brothers and his cousin. Johann Georg was confirmed in his possession of Eisenach and took some towns, and his younger brother, Bernhard, inherited Jena.

Johann Georg thus became the founder of the most recent line of the dukes of Saxe-Eisenach, who became extinct in 1741.  He was ruler in 1685 when Johann Sebastian Bach was born in the duchy.

Marriage and issue
In Wallau on 29 May 1661, Johann Georg married the Countess Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, heiress of Sayn-Altenkirchen. They had eight children:
Eleonore Erdmuthe Luise (b. Friedewald, 13 April 1662 - d. Schloss Pretzsch, 19 September 1696), married firstly on 4 November 1681 to Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, and secondly on 17 April 1692 to Johann Georg IV, Elector of Saxony. By her first marriage, Eleonore was the mother of the Queen Caroline of Brandeburg-Ansbach, wife of the King George II of Great Britain.
Frederick August, Hereditary Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. Friedewald, 30 October 1663 - killed in battle, Pressburg, 19 September 1684).
Johann Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. Friedewald, 24 July 1665 - d. of smallpox, Eisenach, 10 November 1698).
Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (b. Friedewald, 17 October 1666 - d. Eisenach, 14 January 1729).
Maximilian Heinrich (b. Friedewald, 17 October 1666 - d. Altenkirchen, 23 July 1668), twin of Johann Wilhelm.
Louise (b. Friedewald, 18 April 1668 - d. Altenkirchen, 26 June 1669).
Fredericka Elisabeth (b. Altenkirchen, 5 May 1669 - d. Langensalza, 12 November 1730), married on 7 January 1698 to Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels.
Ernst Gustav (b. Friedewald, 28 August 1672 - d. Altenkirchen, 16 November 1672).

References
 Anton Balthasar König: Biographisches Lexikon aller Helden und Militärpersonen. Band 3, 1790, S. 337 Digitalisat
 Ernst Wülcker: Johann Georg I. (Herzog von Sachsen-Eisenach). In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, S. 365 f.

|-

House of Wettin
1634 births
1686 deaths
Nobility from Weimar
Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach
Dukes of Saxe-Marksuhl
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire

John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach


An hour is a unit of measurement of time.

(The) Hour(s) may also refer to:

Time
 Canonical hours or liturgical hours, divisions of the day in Christianity
 Book of Hours, a printed book or often a manuscript containing prayers for such hours (e.g., the "Hours of Catherine of Cleves")
 Horae (Hours), deities in Greek mythology
 Carnegie Unit and Student Hour or credit-hours, a measurement of completed coursework at a college or university.

Art, entertainment, and media
 The Hours (engraving), by Francesco Bartolozzi, based on a painting by Maria Cosway

Literature
 The Hours (novel), a 1998 novel by Michael Cunningham
 Mrs Dalloway, a novel by Virginia Woolf that had the working title "The Hours"

Periodicals
 The Hour (newspaper), a daily newspaper by in Norwalk, Connecticut, U.S.
 Hour Community, a weekly entertainment newspaper published in Montreal, earlier known as Hour

Television
 Hour Magazine, a 1980–1988 syndicated talk show hosted by Gary Collins
 The Hour (2009 TV programme), a 2009–2011 Scottish early evening lifestyle television programme, broadcast on STV
 The Hour (2011 TV series), a 2011–2012 British television drama series set in 1956 that aired on BBC
 George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight, a 2005–2014 Canadian late-night talk show known from 2005 to 2010 as The Hour

Films
 The Hours (film), a 2002 drama film directed by Stephen Daldry
 Hours (2013 film), a 2013 thriller film

Music
 The Hours (band)
 Hours (David Bowie album), a 1999 album by British musician David Bowie
 Hours (Funeral for a Friend album), a 2005 album by Welsh rock band Funeral for a Friend
 The Hours (soundtrack), the soundtrack composed by Philip Glass to the film of the same name
 "Hours", a song by TV on the Radio from the album Return to Cookie Mountain
 "The Hours", a song by Beach House from the album Bloom
 "The Hours", a song by Handsome Boy Modeling School from the album White People
 The Hours (opera), 2022 opera by Kevin Puts

Places
 Hours, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, a commune in France
 Hour, a part of the Walloon municipality of Houyet in Belgium

Other uses
 Right ascension, the astronomical unit of measure of angle
 Hour record, the hour-long bicycle race
 Day of Resurrection, the Day of Judgement in Islam, also known as "The Hour"

Hour (disambiguation)


Bruce Randall Hornsby (born November 23, 1954) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. His music draws from folk rock, jazz, bluegrass, folk, Southern rock, country rock, jam band, rock, heartland rock, and blues rock musical traditions.

Hornsby has won three Grammy Awards: a 1987 Grammy Award for Best New Artist with Bruce Hornsby and the Range, a 1990 Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Recording, and a 1994 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance.

Hornsby has worked with his touring band Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, his bluegrass project with Ricky Skaggs, and as a session and guest musician. He was a touring member of the Grateful Dead from September 1990 through March 1992, playing over 100 shows with the band.

His 23rd album, 'Flicted, was released in May 2022.

Early life and education
Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, to Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920–1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician, and Lois (née Saunier), a piano player and church community liaison who had a local middle school named after her. He has two brothers, Robert Saunier "Bobby" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and John Hornsby, an engineer with whom he has collaborated in songwriting. They are cousins of actor David Hornsby. While raised in the church of Christian Science, Hornsby went to doctors and dentists as needed. He had a politically liberal upbringing.

Hornsby graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg in 1973, where he played on the basketball team and was chosen by his senior class as most likely to succeed.

He studied music at the University of Richmond for a year, at the Berklee College of Music for two semesters, and then at the University of Miami, where he graduated in 1977.

Career
In 1974, Hornsby's older brother Bobby, who attended the University of Virginia, formed the band "Bobby Hi-Test and the Octane Kids" to play fraternity parties, featuring Bruce on Fender Rhodes and vocals. The band, which is listed in Skeleton Key: A Dictionary for Deadheads, performed covers of Allman Brothers Band, The Band, and predominantly Grateful Dead songs.

Bobby Hornsby's son, Robert Saunier Hornsby, was a recurring guest-guitarist with Hornsby's band and periodically toured with his uncle until his death on January 15, 2009, in a car accident near Crozet, Virginia at age 28.

Following his graduation from the University of Miami in 1977, Hornsby returned to his hometown of Williamsburg, and played in local clubs and hotel bars. In 1980, he and his younger brother and songwriting partner John Hornsby moved to Los Angeles, where they spent three years writing for 20th Century Fox. Before moving back to his native Hampton Roads, he also spent time in Los Angeles as a session musician. In 1982, Hornsby joined the band Ambrosia for their last album Road Island and can be seen in the band's video for the album's single "How Can You Love Me". After Ambrosia disbanded, he and bassist Joe Puerta performed as members of the touring band for Sheena Easton. In 1984, Hornsby appeared in the music video for Easton's single Strut.

The Range

In 1984, Hornsby formed Bruce Hornsby and the Range, who were signed to RCA Records in 1985. Besides Hornsby, Range members were David Mansfield (guitar, mandolin, violin), George Marinelli (guitars and backing vocals), former Ambrosia member Joe Puerta (bass guitar and backing vocals), and John Molo (drums).

Hornsby's recording career started with the biggest hit he has had to date, "The Way It Is". It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1986. The song described aspects of homelessness, the American civil rights movement and institutional racism. It has since been sampled by at least six rap artists, including Tupac Shakur, E-40, and Mase.

With the success of the single, the album The Way It Is received the RIAA certification of multi-platinum. It included "Mandolin Rain" (co-written, as many of Hornsby's early songs were, with his brother John), another top-five hit. "Every Little Kiss" peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 in July 1987. Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the "Virginia sound", a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass. Bruce Hornsby and the Range won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1987, beating out Glass Tiger, Nu Shooz, Simply Red, and Timbuk3.

Hornsby and the Range's sound was distinctive for its use of syncopation in Hornsby's piano solos, a bright piano sound and an extensive use of synthesizers as background for Hornsby's solos. John Molo's drumbeats were often looped throughout the recorded versions of songs. They are typical double-time beats, which allowed Hornsby and the rest of the band to do more with their solos.

Hornsby and the Range's second album, Scenes from the Southside (on which Peter Harris replaced Mansfield) was released in 1988. It included "Look Out Any Window" and "The Valley Road" which many critics noted for their "more spacious" musical arrangements, allowing for "more expressive" piano solos from Hornsby. It also included "Jacob's Ladder", which the Hornsby brothers wrote for musician friend Huey Lewis; Lewis's version became a number one hit from his album Fore!. Scenes offered further slices of "Americana" and "small-town nostalgia", but it was the band's last album to perform well in the singles market.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Hornsby worked extensively as a producer and sideman, producing a comeback album Anything Can Happen for Leon Russell. In 1987, Hornsby collaborated with Irish group Clannad, playing and lending vocals to their single "Something to Believe In". Hornsby also appears on the official music video release for the track. In 1989, Hornsby co-wrote and played piano on Don Henley's hit "The End of the Innocence". In 1991, he played piano on Bonnie Raitt's hit "I Can't Make You Love Me". He also appeared on albums by Bob Dylan, Robbie Robertson, Crosby Stills and Nash, Stevie Nicks and Squeeze.

He slowly began to introduce jazz and bluegrass elements into his music, first in live performance settings and later on studio work. In 1989, he first performed at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival. He also reworked his hit "The Valley Road" with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band for their album Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two. In February 1990, the song won Best Bluegrass Recording at the 32nd Annual Grammy Awards.

In May 1990, he released A Night on the Town, on which he teamed up with jazz musicians Wayne Shorter (tenor saxophone) and Charlie Haden (double bass) as well as bluegrass pioneer Bela Fleck (banjo). A change in style became apparent as the album was much more rock and guitar driven, making use of Jerry Garcia's guitar work on several tracks, including prominently on the single "Across the River". In concert, Hornsby and the Range began to stretch out their songs, incorporating more and more "freewheeling musical exchanges". Critics praised the album for its production, its political relevance, and Hornsby's gestures toward expanding out of a strictly pop sound by incorporating jazz and bluegrass. Ultimately, though, the core "rock band" sound of the Range limited Hornsby's aspirations, and after a final three-week tour in 1991, Hornsby disbanded the Range to enter a new phase of his career. Drummer John Molo continued to perform regularly with Hornsby for another few years, although other members pursued separate musical endeavors. Following Hornsby's and Molo's involvement with The Other Ones, Molo left Hornsby to become the primary drummer with bass guitarist Phil Lesh and Friends.

Grateful Dead

In 1988, Hornsby first appeared on stage with the Grateful Dead, a recurring collaboration that continued until the band's dissolution. Hornsby was frequently a guest before becoming a regular fixture in the touring lineup for the Grateful Dead a few years later.

From 1988 until Jerry Garcia's death in 1995, Hornsby played more than 100 shows with the Grateful Dead. At some shows in 1988 and 1989, he joined the band as a special guest and played accordion or synthesizer. Following the death of Grateful Dead keyboardist Brent Mydland in July 1990, Hornsby played piano (and frequently accordion) at many gigs. Mydland's place was filled in September 1990 by Vince Welnick, who became the sole keyboardist by March 1992, although Hornsby still sat in with the band on occasion.

Hornsby's own music evolved significantly during this time period. Critics have suggested that the Dead's vibrant tradition of melding folk music and the blues with psychedelic rock in "loose-knit expressions" and extended jamming "further pushed [Hornsby] outside the confines of mainstream pop". Critics have also commented upon the close musical connection formed between Hornsby and Jerry Garcia, suggesting that Hornsby's particular style of jazz-fueled improvisation added to the band's repertoire and helped to revitalize and refocus Garcia's guitar solos in the band's sound. Hornsby's friendship with Garcia continued, both inside and outside the band, as the two "challenged" each other to expand their musicianship through several other album and live collaborations. Above all, Hornsby's musical versatility and ability to slip in and out of extended freeform jams won over longtime Grateful Dead fans.

Since his first involvement with the Grateful Dead, Hornsby's live shows have drawn Deadheads and Hornsby has commented: "I've always liked the group of fans that we've drawn from the Grateful Dead time, because those fans are often adventurous music listeners". He has performed several of their songs at his concerts and as homages on studio and live albums, while Hornsby originals "The Valley Road" and "Stander on the Mountain" appeared several times in the Dead's setlists. Hornsby also co-performed the improvisation "Silver Apples of the Moon" for the Grateful Dead's Infrared Roses.

Hornsby was the presenter when the Grateful Dead were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994 and in 2005 he participated in "Comes a Time", a tribute concert to Jerry Garcia. He continues to work with Dead-related projects, such as Bob Weir's Ratdog, Mickey Hart's solo projects. He performed as part of The Other Ones in 1998 and 2000, and on occasion sat in with The Dead. Hornsby continues to be involved in the Grateful Dead and Furthur community. He played at the All Good Music Festival in 2012 with Bob Weir on rhythm guitar. In mid-2013, Hornsby performed with Grateful Dead-influenced bluegrass group Railroad Earth. Hornsby reunited with surviving members of the Grateful Dead along with Trey Anastasio from Phish and Jeff Chimenti at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California, and later at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois, in July 2015.

Solo

Hornsby released his first solo album, Harbor Lights, in 1993. The record showcased him in a more jazz-oriented setting and featured a lineup that included Pat Metheny, Branford Marsalis, Jerry Garcia, Phil Collins and Bonnie Raitt. Hornsby secured his third Grammy in 1993 for Best Pop Instrumental for "Barcelona Mona" (composed with Branford Marsalis for the Barcelona Olympics).

In 1995, Hot House was released, its cover art featuring an imagined jam session between bluegrass musician Bill Monroe and jazz saxophonist Charlie Parker. Hornsby expanded into the jazz sound from Harbor Lights, this time reintroducing elements of bluegrass from A Night on the Town and his earlier collaborations. "Walk in the Sun" reached number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100.

During this time period, "even his concerts conveyed a looser, more playful mood, and Hornsby began taking requests from the audience". Hornsby's concerts became "departure points" for his album compositions, which would be blended with and reworked into "lengthy spontaneous medleys". Both in terms of audience requests and in terms of spontaneous on-stage decisions, Hornsby's performances became opportunities for him to challenge himself by trying to "find a way to seamlessly thread these seemingly disparate elements together".

Hornsby next worked with several Grateful Dead reformation projects, including several Furthur Festivals and The Other Ones, which resulted in the release of a live album, The Strange Remain. As part of The Other Ones, Hornsby performed Grateful Dead tunes "Jack Straw" and "Sugaree" (which features Hornsby on lead vocal, in Jerry Garcia's absence), as well as Hornsby-originals "White-Wheeled Limousine" and "Rainbow's Cadillac". Hornsby dropped out of The Other Ones in 2002.

In 1998, three years after Hot House, Hornsby released a double album, Spirit Trail. Featuring a picture of his uncle on the cover, the collection blended instrumental tracks with the story-telling, rock, jazz, and other musical forms Hornsby had delved into over his career. The album considered "very Southern" themes with "songs about race, religion, judgment and tolerance" and "struggles with these issues". An example is "Sneaking Up on Boo Radley", which referenced the character from Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird.

Throughout the sequence of Harbor Lights, Hot House, and Spirit Trail, Hornsby's piano playing steadily gained further complexity, taking on a more varied array of musical styles and incorporating more difficult techniques, as evidenced by his two-hand-independence on Spirit Trail "King of the Hill". During this same span of solo album years, Hornsby made several mini-tours playing solo piano gigs for the first time in his career. The shows allowed Hornsby additional possibilities for seguing songs into other songs, often blurring lines between classical compositions, jazz standards, traditional bluegrass, folk, and fiddle tunes, Grateful Dead songs, as well as reworkings of Hornsby originals. Hornsby reflected on these periods of intensive solo performances, stating that the solo tours helped him "recommit [himself] to the study of piano" and "take [his] playing to a whole new level", explorations and improvisations that would not be possible in a band setting.

In August 2014, Hornsby released his first entirely live solo album, Solo Concerts.

In April 2019, his 21st album, Absolute Zero, was released. It features collaborations with Justin Vernon and Sean Carey of Bon Iver, Jack DeJohnette, Blake Mills, yMusic, The Staves, and Brad Cook.

The Noisemakers
Hornsby's touring band lineup underwent extensive changes between 1998 and 2000, with longtime drummer John Molo joining former Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh in his band Phil Lesh & Friends. A set of twenty consecutive shows performed by Hornsby and his band at Yoshi's Jazz Club in Oakland, California included a lot of spontaneity and taking requests from the audience, a form that he continues at live shows to this day. As Hornsby experimented with a different sound, ushering in frequent collaborations with such musicians as Steve Kimock on guitar and Bobby Read on heavily effects-driven electronic woodwinds, a new band, dubbed the Noisemakers, took shape. In 2000, Hornsby chronicled this journey with a compilation live album entitled Here Come the Noise Makers, and did extensive touring with his new band featuring John "J.T." Thomas (keyboards, organ), Bobby Read (saxophones, woodwinds, flute), J.V. Collier (bass), Doug Derryberry (guitar, mandolin), and several different drummers before Sonny Emory took over full-time.

In 2002, Hornsby released Big Swing Face. The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date. It was the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano and relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. Big Swing Face received mixed reviews, ranging from "a new and improved Bruce Hornsby" to being called one of the "strangest records of 2002".

In 2004, after 19 successful years on RCA Records, Hornsby signed with Columbia Records and returned to a more acoustic, piano-driven sound on his Columbia Records debut album, Halcyon Days, released in June 2004. Guests included Sting, Elton John and Eric Clapton.

Throughout tours following the album's release, both with the Noisemakers and in solo performances, Hornsby continued to demonstrate his desire to "grow" as a singer and performer and to expand the instrumental possibilities of the piano in various genres.

In July 2006, Hornsby released a four-CD/DVD box set titled Intersections (1985–2005). The discs are thematically broken into three categories: "Top 90 Time", "Solo Piano, Tribute Records, Country-Bluegrass, Movie Scores", and "By Request (Favorites and Best Songs)". A full third of the music is previously unreleased; many familiar tracks are presented as unreleased live versions rather than the original studio recordings, and the majority of the remaining tracks are from single B-sides, collaborations or tribute albums, and movie soundtracks. One song, "Song H", a new composition, was nominated for Best Pop Instrumental in 2007 at the 49th Annual Grammy Awards.

In 2007, Hornsby began more regularly playing classical music: at a concert in St. Louis, Missouri, during Hornsby's improvisational session in "The Way It Is", he began playing J.S. Bach's Goldberg Variations along with the drums. In a different city, he played five straight Goldberg Variations over the drum intro of "Gonna Be Some Changes Made".

On September 15, 2009, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers released their fourth album, Levitate to mixed reviews; it included new solo material with several songs co-written with Chip DiMatteo for the Broadway play SCKBSTD.

In May 2011, the band released a live album, Bride of the Noisemakers.

On June 17, 2016, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers released their sixth album and fourth studio album, Rehab Reunion. Hornsby only plays the dulcimer on the album and does not play piano. The album was also Hornsby's first release on 429 Records. Like on many of his previous releases, Rehab Reunion features collaborations with guest artists. Justin Vernon of Bon Iver sings background vocals on "Over the Rise". Mavis Staples duets with Hornsby on "Celestial Railroad". Also noteworthy is a folk version of "The Valley Road", originally a hit in 1988 with Hornsby's first backing band, the Range.

Skaggs & Hornsby/The Bruce Hornsby Trio
In March 2007, Hornsby teamed with bluegrass player Ricky Skaggs to produce a bluegrass album, Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby, followed by a tour. In 2000, the pair had collaborated on "Darlin' Cory", a track on the Big Mon Bill Monroe bluegrass music. Ricky Skaggs & Bruce Hornsby, featuring the duo backed by Skaggs's band Kentucky Thunder, combined bluegrass, traditional country music, jazzy piano and a splash of humor on a spectrum of songs from the traditional to new compositions such as the opening track, "The Dreaded Spoon", a humorous tale of a youthful ice cream heist. The pair also reinvented Hornsby's hit "Mandolin Rain" as a minor key acoustic ballad and give his cautionary tale of backwoods violence, "A Night on the Town", a treatment highlighting the "Appalachian storytelling tradition that was always at the song's heart".

The album ended with a cover of Rick James's funk hit "Super Freak" in a bluegrass arrangement. The album peaked at number one on the Billboard Bluegrass Albums list; it was on the charts for 52 weeks. With the album, Hornsby disproved the notion that the piano is not compatible with "string-oriented" bluegrass. The duo released the live album Cluck Ol' Hen in September 2013.

Concurrently with the bluegrass project, Hornsby recorded a jazz album, Camp Meeting with Christian McBride (bass) and Jack DeJohnette (drums). Alongside original compositions by Hornsby, the trio delivered newly reharmonized versions of tunes by John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Thelonious Monk and Bud Powell, a previously unrecorded Ornette Coleman work ("Questions and Answers") and an early Keith Jarrett composition ("Death and the Flower"). The trio made a series of appearances in the summer of 2007, including the Playboy Jazz Festival, the Newport Jazz Festival and at the Hollywood Bowl.

On January 4, 2007, former Grateful Dead members Bob Weir, Bill Kreutzmann and Mickey Hart reunited along with Hornsby, Mike Gordon (of Phish and the Rhythm Devils) and Warren Haynes to play two sets, including Dead classics, at a post-inauguration fundraising party for Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi.

Hornsby wrote songs for SCKBSTD, a Broadway Musical; one song from this project, a playful biographical tune about real-estate tycoon Donald Trump titled "The Don of Dons", was played often at Hornsby's solo piano performances in early 2007. In 2009, he composed the score for Spike Lee's ESPN documentary, Kobe Doin' Work, about NBA star Kobe Bryant and his MVP season.

Hornsby invested in Williamsburg area radio station "The Tide" WTYD 92.3 FM. He has endowed the Bruce Hornsby Creative American Music Program at the Frost School of Music of University of Miami. Hornsby played himself in a cameo role in the Robin Williams movie World's Greatest Dad, in which Williams' character is a Bruce Hornsby fan.

Additional collaborations
On July 10, 1990, Hornsby made a guest appearance with the Grateful Dead onstage at Carter-Finley Stadium in Raleigh, NC, playing accordion during portions of the first and second sets. Grateful Dead keyboardist Brent Mydland died just over two weeks later, and Hornsby was summoned as a temporary replacement. The Grateful Dead released this concert on YouTube in its entirety on July 10, 2020, the 30th anniversary of the performance.

On October 18, 1991, Hornsby joined Pink Floyd, co-founder Roger Waters on stage at Auditorio de la Cartuja in Seville, Spain. Playing keyboards and singing the choruses of Comfortably Numb.

In 2014, Hornsby toured selected dates with Pat Metheny Unity Group.

In 2016, Hornsby performed on a track, "Black Muddy River", along with indie folk band (and Justin Vernon's former band) DeYarmond Edison on Day of the Dead, a Grateful Dead cover album, benefiting the Red Hot Organization, an international charity dedicated to raising funds and awareness for HIV and AIDS. Hornsby performed the song alongside Vernon that same year in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Hornsby performed alongside Vernon at Coachella in 2017, performing Bonnie Raitt's "I Can't Make You Love Me;" the performance also featured Jenny Lewis.

Hornsby has composed and performed for many projects with filmmaker Spike Lee, including end-title songs for two films, Clockers (1995) with Chaka Khan and Bamboozled (2001). He contributed music for If God Is Willing and da Creek Don't Rise (2010), Old Boy (2013) and Chi-Raq (2015), and full film scores for Lee's Kobe Bryant documentary for ESPN: Kobe Doin' Work (2009), Red Hook Summer (2012), Da Sweet Blood of Jesus (2015), and Lee's film for the NBA 2K16 video game (2015). He scored Lee's Netflix production She's Gotta Have It (2017, 2019). Hornsby wrote and performed new music for Lee's film BlacKkKlansman (2018). in 1993, Lee directed the video for Hornsby's song "Talk Of The Town".

On July 3, 2023, Bruce appeared with The Doobie Brothers in Portsmouth, Virginia during their extended 50th anniversary tour, where he performed on keyboards and soloed on several songs.

Equipment
Hornsby uses a Steinway & Sons concert grand piano.  With the Range and up until 1995, he used a Baldwin concert grand piano. He currently uses a Korg M1 synthesizer. With the Range, Hornsby used an Oberheim OB-X synthesizer.

Hornsby selected ten Model B Steinway Grands to be featured in its Limited Edition Signature Piano Series, each one personalized with his signature. Hornsby owns three  Model D Steinway Grands.

For his 2016 album Rehab Reunion, he played Appalachian dulcimer made by BlueLion.

Personal life
Hornsby and his wife Kathy have twin sons, born 1992: Russell, who ran for the Oregon Ducks track and field team at the University of Oregon, and Keith, who played Division I basketball for the University of North Carolina Asheville Bulldogs from 2011 to 2013, transferred to Louisiana State University and played for LSU from 2014 to 2016. They were named after musicians Leon Russell and Keith Jarrett, respectively.

Hornsby is a regular basketball player and an avid fan of the sport. As such, he can frequently be seen at college basketball games throughout Virginia. Hornsby stated that he beat Allen Iverson in one-on-one basketball three games in a row after helping him get out of jail. He is also a friend of baseball Hall of Fame manager Tony La Russa and attends games in St. Louis. Their friendship led to La Russa introducing Hornsby to jazz bassist Christian McBride, which then led to the formation of The Bruce Hornsby Trio (along with drummer Jack DeJohnette) and their first album, Camp Meeting.

Awards and nominations
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Nominee(s)
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"|
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=3|ASCAP Pop Music Awards
| 1988
| "The Way It Is"
| rowspan=3|Most Performed Songs
|
|
|-
| 1990
| rowspan=2|"The End of the Innocence"
|
|
|-
| 1991
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan=13|Grammy Awards
| 1987
| Bruce Hornsby & the Range
| Best New Artist
|
| rowspan=13|
|-
| rowspan=3|1990
| "The Valley Road"
| Best Bluegrass Recording
|
|-
| rowspan=2|"The End of the Innocence"
| Song of the Year
|
|-
| Record of the Year
|
|-
| 1991
| "Across the River"
| Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal
|
|-
| 1994
| "Barcelona Mona"
| rowspan=3|Best Pop Instrumental Performance
|
|-
| 1995
| "The Star Spangled Banner"
|
|-
|rowspan=2|1996
| "Song B"
|
|-
| "Love Me Still"
| Best Song Written for Visual Media
|
|-
| 2000
| "Song C"
| rowspan=3|Best Pop Instrumental Performance
|
|-
| 2005
| "Song F"
|
|-
| 2007
| "Song H"
|
|-
| 2009
| "Is This America?"
| Best Country Instrumental Performance
|
|-
!scope="row"|MTV Video Music Awards
| 1987
| "The Way It Is"
| Best New Artist in a Video
|
|
|-
!scope="row" rowspan=3|Pollstar Concert Industry Awards
| 1987
| rowspan=2|Bruce Hornsby & the Range
| rowspan=2|Next Major Arena Headliner
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|1988
|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| Tour
| Small Hall Tour Of The Year
|

Discography

 The Way It Is (1986)
 Scenes from the Southside (1988)
 A Night on the Town (1990)
 Harbor Lights (1993)
 Hot House (1995)
 Spirit Trail (1998)
 Here Come the Noisemakers (2000) (live album)
 Big Swing Face (2002)
 Halcyon Days (2004)
 Greatest Radio Hits (2004) (compilation)
 Camp Meeting (2007)
 Levitate (2009)
 Bride of the Noisemakers (2011) (live album)
 Red Hook Summer (2012)
 Solo Concerts (2014) (live album)
 Rehab Reunion (2016)
 Absolute Zero (2019)
 Non-Secure Connection (2020)
 'Flicted (2022)

References

External links

Bruuuce.com, Bruce Hornsby fan website
Bruce Hornsby setlist database
List of shows played with the Grateful Dead
Interview with Bruce Hornsby, TheWaster.com

1954 births
Living people
American jazz pianists
American male singer-songwriters
American pop pianists
American blues pianists
American male pianists
American rock pianists
American country singer-songwriters
American country keyboardists
Bluegrass musicians from Virginia
Berklee College of Music alumni
University of Miami alumni
Ambrosia (band) members
Bruce Hornsby and the Range members
Columbia Records artists
Grammy Award winners
People from Williamsburg, Virginia
Singer-songwriters from Virginia
Musicians from Los Angeles
Country musicians from Virginia
20th-century American pianists
American accordionists
21st-century accordionists
21st-century American keyboardists
Jazz musicians from Virginia
American male jazz musicians
20th-century American keyboardists
Singer-songwriters from California

Bruce Hornsby


Delhi Public School (DPS), Bhagalpur, is a school in Bhagalpur, Bihar, India. It was  established in April 2006 as an English medium co-educational school affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi, India. The school is run jointly by the Delhi Public School Society and the Angika Development Society, a non-profit making society. Dr. Girish Chanwas the first principal of the school. Mrs. Arunima Chakraborty is the present Principal.The school motto is Where Dreams Meet Destination.

Facilities

Library
The school has library facilities in the building of the school. The facility is available to students of the school during the school hours. All classes from class I onwards are provided with at least one library period per week.

Computer centre
There are computer labs in the school. In the senior school all computers are interconnected with LAN and WLAN. Computer education is provided from class I onwards. Cyber Security Essentials taught by NSD, a Government of India supported organisation.

High speed (broadband) Internet and email facilities are available in the school. All students of classes VI to XII have access to these facilities. The School has wireless computer labs for ultimate experience of Internet World and Knowledge. The entire campus is on Wi-Fi enabled. Students can log on to network from any corner in campus through computer. Students can interact with their teachers through the Internet.

Laboratories
The school laboratories include physics lab, chemistry lab, biology lab, language lab, quiz lab, maths lab, audio – visual hall.

Games and sports
 The campus includes a full-sized playground with football field, cricket pitches for net practices, volleyball courts, basketball courts, kho-kho and kabaddi courts. There are sand-pits, swing, slides and see-saws for the primary students.
 There is a gymnasium for work-outs and exercises.
 Table tennis, billiards, chess and carom are available.
 The school has indoor badminton courts.
 A swimming pool has been built near hostel.

Transport
The school has its own Air-Conditioned buses and they are fitted with Toilet and T.V. All buses run on specified routes and covers the city area and the neighbouring areas.

Clinic
There are sick rooms in the school. A trained nurse attends to sick children and provides first aid in case of an emergency. An annual medical checkup of the students is done in the clinic.

References

External links

Delhi Public School Society
Schools in Bihar
Education in Bhagalpur district
Bhagalpur
Educational institutions established in 2006
2006 establishments in Bihar

Delhi Public School, Bhagalpur


Crank's Ridge, sometimes called Hippie Hill, is a pine-covered ridge located on the way to Kasar Devi temple, above the town of Almora, Uttarakhand, India, the ancient capital of Kumaon.

Kasar Devi is a temple on the Kaashaay Hills, 7 km north from Almora, where Swami Vivekananda once came to meditate in the late 19th century. The place, got its popular name, Crank's Ridge, ever since Timothy Leary streaked on the ridge in the 1960s, when it became part of the Hippie trail, during the peak of hippie movement.

History

The ridge became a haunt for bohemian artists, writers and spiritual seekers in the 1920s and 1930s, including notable western Tibetan Buddhists, W. Y. Evans-Wentz, and Lama Anagarika Govinda, who in turn was visited by Anandamayi Ma and Neem Karoli Baba. Other early people connected to Crank's Ridge were Earl Brewster, an American artist and his wife Achsah Barlow Brewster, author John Blofeld and Danish mystic Alfred Sorensen. In 1934, Alfred Sorensen who was earlier introduced to Nehru by Tagore, visited the home of Nehru's sister and brother-in-law at their house Khali, Binsar where he stayed and used his horticultural skills in the garden, while still travelling during the summer. It was while staying with the Nehru family that one of their friends offered Sorensen a piece of land where he could live on Crank's Ridge, near Almora.

In the 1960s and 1970s, luminaries of the counter-culture, including Bob Dylan and Cat Stevens made pilgrimages to the ridge to visit these established inhabitants. In 1962, Allen Ginsberg came with Peter Orlovsky, Gary Snyder and Joanne Kyger to visit Lama Govinda. Ginsberg commented in a letter to John Kelley that "Rishikesh and Almora were not unlike the Catskills readily accessible, only more spiritual." In late 1964, Ralph Metzner visited Lama Govinda on the ridge and was later joined by Timothy Leary on honeymoon with his wife Nena von Schlebrügge. The marriage did not last long. Leary wrote much of Psychedelic Prayers, a psychedelic version the Tao Te Ching composed from nine English translations of the book, on the ridge. Later in the decade Richard Alpert (Ram Dass), visited the ridge as a part of his own pilgrimage. Scottish psychiatrist, R. D. Laing spent some time there in the early 1970s; as did Robert Thurman, the Buddhist scholar, who spent six months with his wife Nena von Schlebrügge and family, including their 3-year-old daughter Uma Thurman, studying with Lama Govinda as a part of his doctoral dissertation over the summer of 1971. Lama Govinda's ashram was visited by many other spiritual seekers. Physician Karl-Heinz Gottmann, composer Peter Michael Hamel and the philosopher Volker Zotz visited his ashram. In the mid-seventies Alfred 'Sunyata' Sorensen was taken to San Francisco by the Alan Watts society.

The village of Kasar Devi has now become a cult destination, many incognito celebs visit frequently and it also has a small community of backpackers. Participants of the hippie movement settled there ever since the place gained the reputation of being a Power Centre during the 1960s counter-culture. This reputation is due to the alleged gap in the Van Allen Belt above the ridge, a perception arguably strengthened by the free and easy availability of hemp on the slopes.

There is also a Buddhist meditation center on the ridge. This Center is in a Buddhist Ashram (Bodh Ashram), originally the estate of Evans-Wentz, then of Lama Anagarika Govinda, then of a Tibetan-Ladakhi family. The Center is affiliated to the Drikung Kagyu order of Tibetan Buddhism.

See also

 Manali
 Goa

References

External links
 KasarDevi (Crank's Ridge) at Kumaon: Kala Shilp Aur Sanskriti :: www.himvan.com
 Kasar Devi and Ridge videos and slideshows, especially from Lama Anagarika Govinda's Buddhist Ashram area and around, 2000-2007 and 2013

Almora
Hippie movement
Landforms of Uttarakhand
Ridges of India
Tourism in Uttarakhand

Crank's Ridge


Vittal Rāo K () (born 12 May 1942) is a  Tamil writer who was born at Hosur, a small town in the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu, India. Although a Kannadiga by birth, Tamil was his medium of instruction since he did his schooling in Tamil Nadu. A man of varied talents, he took to writing in his early twenties, but he became a recognizable face in the local literary circles when his short stories started appearing in popular Tamil weekly magazines such as Ananda Vikatan  in 1967. In his literary career spanning over four decades, Vittal Rao has written 9 novels, 5 collections of 140 short stories and 7 essays ranging from world cinema to fine art, history and literature.

Biography

Personal life
Vittal Rao was born in Hosur, a small town in the old Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India. He was the sixth of eight siblings born to Saraswathi and Krishna Rāo. He spent most of his childhood and adolescent days in Salem before moving to Chennai in 1960 to work as a radiographer at Stanley Medical College and Hospital there. It was during this time that he developed an interest in fine arts and literature which encouraged him to enroll at the prestigious Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai (formerly known as the Madras School of Art) in Chennai. He joined Madras Telephones later, in 1963, where he continued to work until his retirement in May, 2002. Working at Madras Telephones, allowed him to pursue his interest in fine arts and literature. One of his favorite pastimes included browsing the Moor Market, near the Madras Central Railway Station, which used to be a popular hangout of literary and art aficionados where used books from around the world could be bought at a bargain.

Works

His first short story appeared in the popular weekly, Ananda Vikatan  in 1967, and from there on his writings have appeared in all the popular as well as little literary magazines.

His novel, Pokkidam (Refuge, 1976), which won the best novel award instituted by Ilakkiya Chintanai, brought him to serious literary attention. He has so far written 9 novels, long and short, and over a hundred short stories, of which only 4 collections have come out.

To talk about a few of his significant works, Nadhimoolam (Source of the river, 1981), unfolds the lives of three generations of a Madhava Brahmin family, dovetailing the narrative with the happenings and movements outside in society. It is a large and intricate tapestry of varied designs and colors, of interacting social forces in individual human lives. The happenings in society that he has woven into the story are authentic historical developments. It is a unique work in Tamil in that, while reading the lives of individuals one also reads the history of social changes, both bound up inextricably.

In Kaalaveli (Temporal expanse, 1988) the author presents a segment in lives of some students of an arts school with all their aspirations, frustrations, mutual jealousies and compromises in life. It is almost a documentary record of the milieu of artists and writers in Madras city in the seventies. In fact, all his works have a documentary dimension with authentic history as a background, intricately woven in to the narrative he chooses to unfold.

His novels have the dimension of being the chronicles of social history with a keen sense of observation and with an eye for detail. These qualities mark him out as one of the few significant novelists the twentieth century has given to contemporary Tamil literature.

Bibliography

Novels

Innoru Tāj Mahāl (இன்னொரு தாஜ் மஹால் - Another Taj Mahal, 1974)
Pōkkidam (போக்கிடம் - Refuge, 1976)
Thooral (தூறல் - Rain shower, 1976)
Nadhimoolam (நதிமூலம் - Source of the river,1981)
Matravargal (மற்றவர்கள் - Others, 1992)
Meendum Avalukkaaga (மீண்டும் அவளுக்காக - Once again for her, 1993)
Kaalaveli (காலவெளி - Temporal expanse, 1993)
Vanna Mugangal (வண்ண முகங்கள் - Colorful faces, 1994)
Comradugal (காம்ரேடுகள் - Comrades, 1996)

Awards
Ilakkiya Chintanai (இலக்கிய சிந்தனை விருது)

References

1942 births
Tamil-language writers
Tamil writers
Living people
Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai alumni

Vittal Rao K.


"Me So Horny" is a song by the rap group 2 Live Crew on their album As Nasty as They Wanna Be. The explicit nature of the lyrics of this song and the album led to the initially successful prosecution of the group on obscenity charges and the album being banned from sale in Florida. This ban was overturned on appeal.

It reached number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart and number 26 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in 1989, staying on the Hot 100 for 30 weeks, despite lack of airplay due to the controversial nature of the lyrics (and/or possibly because of the associated controversy). The song also reached number one in the Netherlands.

The song samples music from the 1979 hit song "Firecracker" by Mass Production and dialogue from the Richard Pryor film Which Way Is Up? and the Stanley Kubrick film Full Metal Jacket.

Samples
The song heavily samples the 1979 funk hit single "Firecracker" by Mass Production. It also features lines from two different films:

Which Way Is Up? (1977) – The "Gonna do that thing. What we gonna do? Oh sock it to me. [moaning]" sample heard at the beginning of the song (and occasionally sampled throughout) is from the scene in which Leroy (Richard Pryor) listens in on his father Rufus (also played by Pryor) having sex in another room.

Full Metal Jacket (1987) – The lines listed below were sampled from the scene in which Private Joker (Matthew Modine) and Private Rafterman (Kevyn Major Howard) are approached by a Da Nang prostitute (Papillon Soo Soo). The exchange between Joker and the prostitute is used at the beginning, while the "Me so horny. Me love you long time. Me sucky sucky" sample is used in the chorus and throughout the song. Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" can be heard underneath the samples at the beginning and end; that song appeared in the original scene in the movie.
Da Nang prostitute: Well, baby, me so horny. Me so horny. Me love you long time. Me sucky sucky.

[later in the same dialogue exchange]
Private Joker: What'll we get for ten dollars?
Da Nang prostitute: Every t'ing you want.
Private Joker: Everything?
Da Nang prostitute: Every t'ing.

The "Me So Horny" sample was also featured three years later, when Sir Mix-a-Lot included the sample in "Baby Got Back".

Success and controversy
The song became a major hit for 2 Live Crew, topping the rap charts and going to No. 26 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1989. As Nasty as They Wanna Be reached No. 3 on the rap album charts and No. 29 on the album chart. The album eventually sold millions of copies.  Because of the controversy, the song's title was never mentioned by Shadoe Stevens when he played the song on the radio show  American Top 40, though it did get mentioned on a Summer 1990 episode when the group's second top 40 hit, Banned in the U.S.A. was on the chart.

The success of the single and the album led to concern over the explicit nature of rap lyrics both by 2 Live Crew and by gangsta rappers such as Geto Boys, Ice-T and N.W.A.

Then–Broward County prosecutor Jack Thompson prosecuted 2 Live Crew on obscenity charges and persuaded a Federal District judge to declare the album obscene in June 1990. 2 Live Crew performed songs from the album including "Me So Horny" and were prosecuted for obscenity. Record store clerks who sold copies of the album were also arrested.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr. testified on behalf of the group during the trial. The decision was later overturned on appeal and the ruling was upheld by the US Supreme Court. The publicity from the trials led to further sales of the album.

In 1999, the group, minus former bandleader Luther Campbell, rerecorded the song as "Bill So Horny" during the impeachment of U.S. President Bill Clinton for perjury under oath about his relationship with Monica Lewinsky. However, the remix failed to chart.

In 2008, it was ranked number 83 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop.

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Music video
The music video mainly features the members of the band rapping while scantily clad women are shown dancing on a stage.

Two versions of the video were ultimately released. The original "uncut" version featured the dancing women in G-string bikini bottoms (with rotoscoped black squares placed over the women's buttocks) and sport brassieres. The MTV version featured alternative lyrics for the song (to comply with MTV's standards and practices) and alternative footage of the dancers in cycling shorts instead of bikinis.

Covers and re-mixes
 American industrial metal act Revolting Cocks covered the song on their 2010 longplayer Got Cock?. The album also included a remix of the track.
 Andy LaPlegua of Combichrist made an EBM version of the song for his solo album "13 Ways to Masturbate" released under the moniker of Dj Scandy.
An interpolation of the song can be heard on the track Kitty Kat from the mixtape Something for Thee Hotties by American rap artist Megan Thee Stallion.
The M.I.A. song "10 Dollar" (from Arular) features an interpolation of the refrain: "What can I get for ten dollar? Every/any-ting you want"

Parodies
 A comedy hip-hop duo known as 2 Live Jews (whose name is an obvious parody of 2 Live Crew) released a spoof of the song, called "Oy! It's So Humid". This spoof replaces the line, "Me love you long time" with "It's like a sauna in here." This is one of the tracks of their first album, titled As Kosher As They Wanna Be.
 Richard Cheese and Lounge Against the Machine did a Lounge cover on the 2005 album, Aperitif for Destruction.
 A parody group known as "MC Pillsberry & the 4 Large Crew (aka Too Large Crew)" made a spoof of the song called, "Me So Hungry". This title was also used for a similar spoof by 3 Local Boyz.
 The parody music video "Me Want Maury" on the January 19, 1992 third-season episode of In Living Color mocked Maury Povich (Jim Carrey) and Connie Chung's (Steve Park) attempts to conceive a child.
 The South Park episode "Cow Days" contains Eric Cartman saying the lines "Me love you long time. Me sucky sucky."

See also
Dirty rap
Miami bass

References

External links
 Music video for the song on MTV.com
 Allmusic article
 Boston Review article on obscenity trial
 NME article on obscenity trial
 MTV Article on release of "Bill So Horny"
 Anecdotage article on trial

1989 songs
2 Live Crew songs
Obscenity controversies in music
Funk-rap songs
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Songs about telephone calls
Luke Records singles

Me So Horny


Mercury(II) hydroxide or mercuric hydroxide is the metal hydroxide with the chemical formula Hg(OH)2. The compound has not been isolated in pure form, although it has been the subject of several studies.  Attempts to isolate Hg(OH)2 yield yellow solid HgO.

The solid has produced it by irradiating a frozen mixture of mercury, oxygen and hydrogen. The mixture had been produced by evaporating mercury atoms at 50 °C into a gas consisting of neon, argon or deuterium (in separate experiments) plus 2 to 8% hydrogen and 0.2 to 2.0% oxygen. The mixture was then condensed at 5 kelvins onto a caesium iodide window, through which it could be irradiated.

References

Mercury(II) compounds
Hydroxides

Mercury(II) hydroxide


Kristin Elizabeth Cavallari (born January 5, 1987) is an American television personality, fashion designer, and author. She first rose to fame in 2004 as a cast member on the popular MTV reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County (2004–2005), then on the spin-off MTV reality television series The Hills (2009–2010), and was later given her own E! reality series to star in, Very Cavallari (2018–2020). She also starred as an actress on television shows and in films, including National Lampoon's Van Wilder: Freshman Year. In 2017, Cavallari founded the company Uncommon James, which sells jewelry, homeware, skincare, and beauty products.

Life and career

Early life
Cavallari was born in Denver, Colorado, one of two children born to Judith Eifrig and Dennis Cavallari, the other being her late older brother, Michael Cavallari. She is of Italian heritage through her father and of German heritage through her mother. After her parents divorced, she moved with her mother from Denver to Barrington, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, where she lived until her freshman year of high school, when she moved to Laguna Beach, California, to live with her father and brother. She graduated from Laguna Beach High School in 2005. She then briefly attended Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles but dropped out to pursue her acting career.

Reality television
Cavallari was in her junior year of high school when the first season of Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County began production. At the time, she was involved in an on-and-off relationship with High School senior Stephen Colletti. Cavallari's romance with Colletti caused a rivalry with another cast member, Lauren Conrad, which was covered in the show. After Laguna Beach, Cavallari moved to Los Angeles and signed on the UPN reality television series Get This Party Started, which premiered in February 2006 and was canceled after airing two episodes. In 2009, Cavallari joined the cast of Laguna Beach'''s spin-off series, The Hills, making her first appearance on the series during the fifth season's midseason finale at Heidi Montag and Spencer Pratt's wedding, where she caught the bouquet. For the second half of the season, Cavallari replaced Conrad as a main cast member and narrator. Despite originally signing a deal with MTV to appear in two additional seasons following the fifth, the sixth and final season concluded in July 2010. Cavallari then appeared on various reality competition shows as a guest, and as a contestant on the 13th season of ABC's Dancing with the Stars, partnering with two-time champion Mark Ballas. She was the third to be eliminated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/dancing-with-the-stars-kristin-cavallari-voted-off-244436|title='Dancing With the Stars Kristin Cavallari: Why I Got Voted Off (Video)|work=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=September 29, 2017|language=en}}</ref> In 2012, Cavallari began commentating the Academy Awards for E! and in 2014, she co-hosted the half-hour fashion and lifestyle trends show The Fabulist. In April 2018, E! announced a reality show starring Cavallari, Very Cavallari, which premiered that July and followed her opening the flagship store for Uncommon James. In May 2020, after three seasons, Cavallari announced that she was ending her series. In 2021, Cavallari made two final guest appearances on the second season of The Hills' sequel, The Hills: New Beginnings. In 2022, Cavallari started a podcast with her former Laguna Beach co-star Stephen Colletti called Back to the Beach with Kristin and Stephen, in collaboration with Dear Media. The podcast revisited the show with behind-the-scenes commentary and special guests.

Acting
Cavallari appeared on one episode of another UPN series, Veronica Mars, and went on to guest roles on series including CSI: NY, The Middle, and Adventures in Hollyhood. In 2006, she signed on as Crystal in the horror film Fingerprints. In 2008, she had a supporting role as Summer in Spring Breakdown, which was released direct-to-DVD. She also starred in the independent film Green Flash with Torrey DeVitto. In 2009, she starred as Trish in the independent American high school comedy film Wild Cherry and as Kaitlyn in the direct-to-DVD film National Lampoon's Van Wilder: Freshman Year. She made acting appearances with Cutler and solo on the American sitcom The League in 2012 and 2013.

Fashion lines
Cavallari served as an ambassador for the children's charity OneKid OneWorld, traveling to El Salvador to rebuild schools in local communities in 2010. After another trip to Kenya the following year, Cavallari made her first foray in fashion design by collaborating with the company ShoeDazzle to design a spring shoe, with proceeds benefiting the charity. In 2012, Cavallari designed the first of many shoe lines for the company Chinese Laundry. She launched her first jewelry collection in 2013, in collaboration with GLAMboutique. In 2014, she co-founded a jewelry line with her friend Chelsea Bulte called Emerald Duv; she left the brand in 2016 to launch her solo line the following year. She founded her jewelry business, Uncommon James, in 2017, which later expanded into selling home and beauty products. She subsequently founded a children's clothing line, Little James, in 2019. In collaboration with Feat Clothing, she launched an athleisure collection in July 2021.

Lifestyle books
Cavallari wrote her first book, the lifestyle-oriented autobiography Balancing in Heels, in 2016. She has also published two cookbooks, True Roots and True Comfort, with recipes without gluten, dairy or refined sugar, in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Both cookbooks were created in collaboration with Chef Mike Kubiesa. All of her books were New York Times bestsellers, and her comfort food cookbook, True Comfort, was named one of the best cookbooks of the year by Delish. Her third cookbook, Truly Simple, was released on April 4, 2023.

Personal life
In June 2013, Cavallari married Chicago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler. They have three children. In March 2014, she drew criticism for refusing to vaccinate her children, a decision she and her husband made due to their concerns over the alleged claims of a connection between childhood vaccination and autism.

On December 10, 2015, her brother Michael was found dead from hypothermia following a car crash.

In June 2018, Cavallari and Cutler put their Nashville, Tennessee mansion up for sale for $7.9 million; by the time it sold two years later for less than half of that, $3.7 million, the couple were pursuing a divorce. They had originally purchased the property and home in 2012 for $5.3 million. The couple purchased another mansion in Nashville for $4.2 million in April 2018. In April 2020, Cutler filed for divorce and agreed to share joint custody of the children with Cavallari. Shortly after their divorce announcement, Cavallari purchased a $5.5 million estate in nearby Franklin for herself. As of May 2021, the couple had not finalized their divorce due to financial disputes. In June 2022, it was reported that their settlement had been finalized and the couple were officially divorced.

Filmography

As actress

As herself

Music videos

Published works
Balancing in Heels: My Journey to Health, Happiness, and Making it all Work (2016)
True Roots: A Mindful Kitchen With More Than 100 Recipes Free Of Gluten, Dairy, And Refined Sugar (2018)
True Comfort: More Than 100 Cozy Recipes Free Of Gluten And Refined Sugar (2020)
Truly Simple: 140 Healthy Recipes for Weekday Cooking (2023)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Uncommon James business website

1987 births
21st-century American women

Actresses from Denver
Actresses from Chicago
Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Actresses from Orange County, California
Activists from California
American film actresses
American people of German descent
American people of Italian descent
American television actresses
Gluten-free cookbook writers
HIV/AIDS activists
American LGBT rights activists
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
People from Barrington, Illinois
People from Laguna Beach, California
The Hills (TV series)
Women cookbook writers

Kristin Cavallari


Genetic drift is a random effect on biological populations. Its effect is to remove genetic variation from a population of living organisms.

In natural populations there are a number of forces acting. There are forces which add heritable variation to the population, such as mutation and recombination. There are also  factors which remove variation from the population, and drift is one of these.

Overview
In a species, or an interbreeding population, there is usually a great deal of genetic variation. This genetic variation is in the form of different alleles at many loci (gene positions) on the chromosomes.

Changes in allele frequency are mainly caused by natural selection, that is, by differential survival, and contribution to the next generation. But as populations get smaller, there is a tendency for each generation to become more homozygous, with less variety of alleles. This is an effect similar to inbreeding: it leads to genetic uniformity.

Genetic drift is the name given to this loss of variation. It can affect evolution in surprisingly big ways, but only when populations are quite small. What 'small' means would depend on the organism. 50 individuals is small, 5000 is not, 500 is maybe. The basic mechanism of drift is that genetic variety is reduced by chance, making the individuals more similar to each other, and hence more vulnerable.

 Drift reduces genetic variation in populations, potentially reducing a population's ability to survive new selective pressures.
 Genetic drift acts faster and has more drastic results in smaller populations. Small populations usually become extinct.
 Genetic drift may contribute to speciation, if the small group does survive.
 Bottleneck events: when a large population is suddenly and drastically reduced in size by some event, the genetic variety will be very much reduced. Infections and extreme climate events are frequent causes. Occasionally, invasions by more competitive species can be devastating. ♦ In the 1880/90s, hunting reduced the Northern elephant seal to only about 20 individuals. Although the population has rebounded, its genetic variability is much less than that of the Southern elephant seal.♦ Cheetahs have very little variation. We think the species was reduced to a small number at some recent time. Because it lacks genetic variation, it is in danger from infectious diseases.
Founder events: these occur when a small group buds off from a larger population. The small group then lives separately from the main population. The human species is often quoted as having been through such stages, for example, when groups left Africa to set up elsewhere (see human evolution). Apparently, we have less variation than would be expected from our worldwide distribution. Groups that arrive on islands far from the mainland are also good examples. These groups, by virtue of their small size, cannot carry the full range of alleles to be found in the parent population.

Related pages
 Evolution
 Natural selection
 Hardy–Weinberg law
 Population genetics

References

Evolutionary biology
Classical genetics

Genetic drift


Lampang (, ) is one of the northern provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

Geography
Lampang is in the broad river valley of the Wang River. It has mountain chains.  The highest mountain is Doi Luang. It stands at  high.

Economy

Lampang is famous for the production of ceramic goods and its mining operations.  A great deal of ball clay, china stone, and lignite are extracted from the surrounding mountains.

There are more than 200 ceramic factories in and around Mueang Lampang district. Most of ceramic factories are small to medium-sized operations mainly producing novelties (plant pots, dolls), tablewares, and building materials (tiles, railings).

The largest coal fired power plant in Southeast Asia is in Mae Mo district near the lignite mining area. The plant uses the abundant lignite as fuel. The largest concrete plant is also north of Mueang Lampang. This is also powered by lignite. Limestone is another abundant rock mined in Lampang. The agricultural products that this province is famous for are rice and pineapples.

History

In the 11th century, the Khmer Empire occupied the Lampang area. King Mengrai of Lanna took control of the region and made it part of his kingdom in 1292. Lampang became a province of Thailand in 1892.

Tourism

Local products
Hand-made cotton (ผ้าทอมือ) comes in different patterns designed by different villages.

Wood-carving (ไม้แกะสลัก) is a major industry at Tambon Na Khrua of Mae Tha district

Terra-cotta or ceramics (เซรามิก) produced in Lampang are of the best quality in Thailand.

Sa Paper (กระดาษสา) is a fine product made from a type of soft wood. The process is purely traditional and the major producing center is the village of Ban Nam Thong.

Culture

Festivals
Luang Wiang Lakhon Fair (งานหลวงเวียงละคอน) features  Lampang's own historical backgrounds and long-established customs and traditions.i

Khantok Chang Fair (งานขันโตกช้าง หรือ สะโตกช้าง) hosts an elephant fiar

Lampang Trains and Horse Carriages Day (งานวันรถไฟรถม้าลำปาง) is organized at the Nakhon Lampang Railway Station at the beginning of April to commemorate the first royal train that arrived to the station 1 April 1916. In the event, there will be an exhibition and Kat Mua market, where the participants will dress up in the traditional style of costume of some 80 years ago, when the horse carriage was first used in Lampang. The carriage service is also provided in the event.

Salung Luang Procession and Songkran Festival (งานแห่สลุงหลวงและสงกรานต์) is a festival held from 12–14 April every year. On 12 April, water bowls will be decorated". On 13–14 April every year, there will be, sand pagoda making, ceremony of pouring water onto the elderly, splashing of water, fairs and various forms of entertainment.

References

Other websites

Province page from the Tourist Authority of Thailand
Golden Jubilee Network province guide
 Lampang provincial map, coat of arms and postal stamp

Provinces of Thailand

Lampang province


Robert Gray Allen (born October 23, 1937) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He batted and threw left-handed. He pitched for part or all of five seasons in Major League Baseball, all with the Cleveland Indians.

Major League Baseball career
Allen was signed by the Indians as an amateur free agent in . He had an impressive 1960 season with Cleveland's Mobile minor league affiliate with a 16–11 won-loss record. Allen made his major league debut on April 14, 1961, with the Cleveland Indians at age 23. On that day, Allen pitched to three hitters, all of whom he retired. Despite a record of 3–2 and 3.75 earned run average in 81-2/3 innings pitched,  saw Allen's record slip to 1–1 with an earned run average of 5.87 in 30-2/3 innings. He spent much of 1962 with Cleveland's Salt Lake City farm club, posting a 5–2 record there.

Allen had a record of 1–2 and an ERA of 4.66 for Cleveland in , pitching 56 innings. After the season, the Indians traded Allen to the Pittsburgh Pirates on December 14 for players to be named. The Pirates sent Allen back to Cleveland in April . He appeared as a Pittsburgh Pirate on his 1964 Topps baseball card, #209, although he never appeared in a regular season major league game as a Pirate. He did not pitch in the major leagues in 1964 or .

After years of working back to the Major Leagues, Allen had a record of 2–2 and a 4.21 ERA in , pitching 51-1/3 innings. In , Allen's record was 0–5 despite a 2.98 ERA, pitching 54-1/3 innings. Allen never pitched in the majors again. Allen had a lifetime 7–12 record, a 4.11 ERA, 132 walks, and 199 strikeouts. He never started a major league game, appearing as a reliever in 204 games and recording 19 saves. Allen was 4 for 31 with a lifetime batting average of .129. His lifetime fielding percentage was .944.

References

External links
, or Retrosheet, or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League)

1937 births
Living people
Baseball players from Texas
Burlington Indians players (1958–1964)
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Cleveland Indians players
Fargo-Moorhead Twins players
Hawaii Islanders players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mobile Bears players
North Platte Indians players
People from Tatum, Texas
Portland Beavers players
Reading Indians players
Salt Lake City Bees players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Wichita Aeros players

Bob Allen (1960s pitcher)


Pastor Sethy John Regenvanu (born 1945) is a politician in Vanuatu. He is one of several churchmen who have been active in Vanuatu politics, like Father Walter Lini, Rev. Frederick Karlomuana Timakata, and Father Gérard Leymang.

Hailing from Uripiv island near Malekula, he became lands minister in the last pre-independence government of the New Hebrides in November 1979.

He was Christian Education Officer with the Presbyterian Church of New Hebrides, before becoming Minister of Lands in the new government of Vanuatu on Independence in July 1980.

In February 1983 he succeeded Timakata as deputy prime minister. In January 1988 he became minister of education, youth and sports, and in December 1991 he again became deputy prime minister. He was Minister of Finance in 1991. Later he served as chairman of the electoral commission.

In 1994 he led a group which broke away from Lini's National United Party and formed the People's Democratic Party.

He has also been social issues coordinator in the Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu. In October 2004 he was seconded for a three-year appointment to St. Andrew's, Suva, Fiji.

He married an Australian-born missionary teacher, Dorothy Rutter, who also became a pastor in the Presbyterian Church. They have five sons, including Ralph Regenvanu, formerly the long-time director of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre and currently Minister for Lands in the government of Moana Carcasses.

He has written an autobiography, Laef Blong Mi (2004).

References

Vanuatuan Presbyterians
People from Malampa Province
Living people
National United Party (Vanuatu) politicians
Finance Ministers of Vanuatu
Government ministers of Vanuatu
Year of birth uncertain
1945 births
Members of the Parliament of Vanuatu

Sethy Regenvanu


The .270 British (or .270 Enfield) is an experimental intermediate rifle cartridge that was developed by the British at the same time as the .280 British as a potential successor to the .303 British cartridge. The rimless cartridge has a base diameter of 11.3 mm (like the Russian 7.62×39mm) and a case length of 46 mm. The bullet is a standard .270/.277 caliber bullet with a light 100 gr weight with a muzzle velocity of .  It was not good at long range, but its slender case had the potential to fire a heavier bullet at a relatively high velocity.  It was optimized for shorter ranges, while the .280 favored long-range performance to try to meet U.S. requirements.

The cartridge was not adopted, the British initially focused development on the .270, then ultimately chose the NATO-standard 7.62×51mm cartridge.

References

Pistol and rifle cartridges
Experimental cartridges

.270 British


Jippi Comics is a Norwegian comics publisher, best known for their ongoing anthology "Forresten", and publishing the work of now famous Jason long before his international breakthrough.

Started and run by the comic creators themselves, Jippi has been a catalyst in the Norwegian comics scene since the early 1990s, giving unknown artists a chance to show off their work to each other and the general public. Among the hundreds of artists published by Jippi are:  Jens Styve, Ronny Haugeland, Øystein Runde, Tor Ærlig, Martin Ernstsen, Inga Sætre, Jason, Sigbjørn Lilleeng, Roy Søbstad, Lene Ask, Odd Henning Skyllingstad, Kristian Hammerstad and Henry Bronken.

External links

Publishing companies of Norway

Jippi Comics


Worsley is a town in Western Australia located in the South West region near the town of Collie. The town is within the Shire of Collie.

The town's name comes from the Worsley River, a tributary of the Collie River, which is located nearby. The river was named after Charles Anderson-Pelham, Lord Worsley, a member of the Western Australian Land and Emigration Committee, which also included James Stirling, John Hutt, William Hutt (MP), Edward Barrett-Lennard  and Captain Bunbury.  The committee promoted emigration to the Swan River colony and the Western Australian Land Company, which established the Australind land settlement project in 1841 under Marshall Waller Clifton. The name was first recorded in surveys performed in the area in 1845.

In the 1890s a railway siding was constructed in the area to service the timber industry, and later in 1906 the state government decided to create a town-site in the area. Lots were surveyed in 1907 and the town was gazetted in 1909.
The town peaked in 1902 when its population was in excess of 1,500 people but it began to decline in the 1920s and saw the town all but disappear by the 1950s.

In 1984 construction of the Worsley Alumina refinery began and the area experienced an unexpected revival. The refinery and mine are a joint venture operation between South32 (86%), Japan Alumina Associates (Australia) Pty Ltd (10%) and Sojitz Alumina Pty Ltd (4%). Bauxite ore is delivered to the refinery by a  conveyor belt from the Boddington Bauxite Mine site at Mount Saddleback south of Boddington.

References

Towns in Western Australia
Shire of Collie
Mining towns in Western Australia

Worsley, Western Australia


The Strasenburgh Planetarium is a public planetarium located at 663 East Avenue in the city of Rochester, New York. It is named after its benefactors, Edwin and Clara Strasenburgh. It is a department of the Rochester Museum and Science Center. The Planetarium was dedicated on September 14, 1968. The 65-foot-diameter Star Theater originally seated 240 people. The original seats were replaced in 1985; as currently configured, the theater seats 225. The Star Theater houses the first Zeiss Mark VI planetarium projector; it is still in daily operation. The planetarium received world-wide attention by being the first to be computer automated. It was known for both its technical and programming innovations.

History
In 1935, soon after the opening of major planetariums in Chicago, Philadelphia, New York and Los Angeles, Arthur C. Parker, Director of the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences (predecessor to today's Rochester Museum & Science Center), recommended construction of a planetarium in Rochester.

In 1959, the Rochester Museum Association Planning Committee announced a master plan for expansion of the museum. An architectural design by Robert Napier, then a student at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, NY, included a detached planetarium building at the corner of East Avenue and Goodman Street, just west of the main Museum building. The conceptual plan also included a separate auditorium and a building for industry-related exhibits. None of these was actually constructed.

In the fall of 1964 the Rochester Museum of Arts and Sciences announced that it had received a gift of "more than one million dollars" from Mr. and Mrs. Edwin G. Strasenburgh of Rochester for the purpose of building a planetarium. The building design, by Carl F. W. Kaelber Jr. of the Rochester architectural firm of Waasdorp, Northup & Kaelber, was announced on June 28, 1966. In contrast to the 1959 concept, Kaelber's design placed the Strasenburgh Planetarium on the east side of the original Museum building. The Planetarium building was said to resemble a snail shell or a spiral nebula.

Construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony on March 16, 1967. The building was dedicated on September 14, 1968.

References

External links

Strasenburgh Planetarium Home
Rochester Museum & Science Center website
RMSC Lobby and Strasenburgh Planetarium (Renovations)

Planetaria in the United States
Educational buildings in Rochester, New York
Tourist attractions in Rochester, New York
1968 establishments in New York (state)

Strasenburgh Planetarium