Samir Nasri (born 26 June 1987) is a French former professional footballer. He primarily played as an attacking midfielder and a winger, although he had also been deployed in central midfield.

Nasri was known for his dribbling, ball control and passing ability. He was described as a player whose "vision and imagination make him an unpredictable opponent". His playing style, ability and cultural background drew comparisons to former French player Zinedine Zidane.

Nasri began his football career playing for local youth clubs in his hometown Marseille. At age nine, he joined professional club Olympique de Marseille and spent the next seven years developing in the club's youth academy at La Commanderie, the club's training centre. In the 2004–05 season, he made his professional debut in September 2004 at age 17 against Sochaux. In the following season, he became a regular starter in the team and participated in European competition for the first time after playing in the 2005–06 edition of the UEFA Cup. In the 2006–07 campaign, Nasri won the National Union of Professional Footballers (UNFP) Young Player of the Year award and was also named to the Team of the Year. He finished his career with Marseille amassing over 160 appearances. He played in the teams that reached back-to-back Coupe de France finals in 2006 and 2007.

In June 2008, Nasri joined Premier League club Arsenal on a four-year contract. He reached prominence with the team in his third season winning the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) Fans' Player of the Month award on three occasions and being named to the association's Team of the Year. In December 2010, he was named the French Player of the Year for his performances during the calendar year. In August 2011, after three seasons with Arsenal, Nasri joined Manchester City on a four-year contract. In his first season with the club, he won his first major honour as a player as the club won the 2011–12 Premier League. In 2017, Nasri was suspended from football for eighteen months until January 2019 following a doping violation. Nasri announced his professional retirement from football in 2021.

Nasri is a former France youth international and represented his nation at every level for which he was eligible. Prior to playing for the senior team, he played on the under-17 team that won the 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. Nasri made his senior international debut in March 2007 in a friendly match against Austria. Two months later, he scored his first senior international goal in a 1–0 UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying win over Georgia. Nasri represented France at two major international tournaments: UEFA Euro 2008 and Euro 2012. In 2014, Nasri announced his retirement from international football after being omitted from the 2014 World Cup.

Personal life
Nasri was born in Septèmes-les-Vallons, a northern suburb of Marseille, to French nationals of Algerian descent. His mother, Ouassila Ben Saïd, and father, Abdelhafid Nasri, were both born in France; his father being born and raised in Marseille, and his mother being from nearby Salon-de-Provence. Nasri's grandparents emigrated to France from Algeria. His mother is a housewife and his father previously worked as a bus driver before becoming his son's personal manager. At the start of his football career, Nasri initially played under his mother's surname, Ben Saïd, before switching to Nasri, his father's surname, following his selection to the France under-16 team. He is the eldest of four children and is a Muslim. Nasri has a younger sister named Sonia and twin brothers named Walid and Malik. All four were raised in La Gavotte Peyret. After joining Arsenal in England, Nasri settled in Hampstead, a district of North London. His cousin, Kaïs Nasri, is also a professional footballer.

Club career

Early career
While growing up in La Gavotte Peyret, Nasri regularly played the sport on the streets where he learned many of his skills. Upon noticing his prodigious talent, his parents signed him up to play with the local club in his hometown. Nasri spent one year playing with the club in La Gavotte Peyret before moving to Pennes Mirabeau in nearby Mirabeau at age seven. While playing with Pennes, Nasri was discovered by Marseille scout Freddy Assolen, who had been informed of the player's talent through local word of mouth. After noticing Nasri's skill in person, Assolen recruited the player to travel with a group of other young players to Italy to participate in a youth tournament where they would play against the youth academies of Milan and Juventus. Nasri impressed at the tournament and Assolen was jokingly told by a Milan scout that "he [Nasri] stays here, you leave him". After returning to France, Marseille officials organized a meeting with the player's father and the group agreed to allow Nasri insertion into the club's academy at the age of nine.

Olympique de Marseille

Upon entering the Marseille youth academy, Nasri quickly impressed. Upon moving to Bastide, where the club's youth players reside, his style of play began to take shape. In 2007, Nasri admitted that the move to Bastide really helped his game, stating, "That's where I really started to progress. Training was different and the facilities are beautiful, all of which helps you work well." As a result of his quick progression, Nasri was an integral part of every youth team he was a part of winning several trophies, such as the Championnat de Provence, Coupe de Provence, and the Ligue de la Méditerranée. After spending most of the 2003–04 season playing with the club's under-18 team, for the latter part of the season, the now 16-year-old Nasri was promoted to the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth division of French football. He appeared primarily as a substitute in a few matches during the campaign as the reserve team failed to rebound from its bad start to the season, which resulted in a 16th-place finish and relegation to the Championnat de France amateur 2.

Debut season
Ahead of the 2004–05 season, several clubs were reported to be interested in signing Nasri, most notably English clubs Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Newcastle United. In an effort to decrease the speculation, Nasri was offered a three-year professional contract by Marseille officials led by president Pape Diouf and manager José Anigo. On 13 August 2004, Nasri agreed to the contract. Marseille officials had been eager to sign Nasri to a contract in an attempt to not undergo a situation similar to the departure of Mathieu Flamini, in which the player departed the club without Marseille receiving any compensation. As a result of his professional contract, Nasri was promoted to the senior team by Anigo and assigned the number 22 shirt. He began the season playing on the club's reserve team and appeared in four matches before earning a call up to the senior team in September 2004.

Nasri made his professional debut on 12 September in a 2–0 league defeat to Sochaux, appearing as a substitute for Bruno Cheyrou. On 17 October, he made his first professional start playing the entire match in a 1–1 draw with Saint-Étienne. Nasri featured heavily within the team under Anigo and later Philippe Troussier. In the team's first match following the winter break, he scored his first professional goal in a 2–1 away victory over Lille. Nasri finished his rookie campaign with 25 total appearances, one goal and two assists.

2005–06 season

The 2005–06 season saw Marseille boosted by the arrival of attackers Franck Ribéry and Djibril Cissé, the latter arriving after having a successful loan stint with the club the previous season. Nasri, who was now given a more prominent role within the team by new manager Jean Fernandez, formed impressive partnerships with the two along with lead striker Mamadou Niang. He appeared in 49 total matches, which included appearances in both the UEFA Cup and the UEFA Intertoto Cup. Nasri made his European debut on 16 July 2005 in the first round of the 2005 UEFA Intertoto Cup against Swiss club Young Boys. Marseille won the first leg 3–2. In the second leg, Nasri scored his first European goal in a 2–1 win. Marseille ultimately won the competition after beating Spanish outfit Deportivo de La Coruña 5–3 on aggregate. In the league, Nasri appeared in 30 matches, 25 as a starter. He scored his only league goal of the season on 29 April 2007 in a 4–2 win over Sochaux. In the Coupe de France, Nasri appeared in five matches as Marseille reached the final of the competition where the club faced Le Classique rivals Paris Saint-Germain. Nasri appeared as a substitute in the match as Marseille were defeated 2–1. Following the season, Nasri signed a two-year contract extension with the club until 2009.

2006–07 season
Nasri began the 2006–07 season playing under Albert Emon, his fourth different manager in three years. Despite this, Marseille's now heightened popularity saw increased speculation from writers and supporters that the club would finally win its first league title since the 1991–92 season. Nasri began the season on a quick note scoring the second goal in the team's 3–1 win over Paris Saint-Germain in September 2006. On 29 April 2007, Nasri scored a goal in Marseille's 4–2 hammering of Sochaux. Marseille were due to face the same club in the 2007 Coupe de France Final just days later and were, subsequently, heavy favorites as a result of the team's two-goal victory in the previous match. However, Sochaux recorded an upset victory defeating Marseille 5–4 on penalties after the match ended 2–2 following extra time. On the final match day of the season, Nasri converted the only goal in a 1–0 win over Sedan. The victory secured 2nd place for Marseille and was the club's best finish since finishing runner-up to Bordeaux in the 1998–99 season. Nasri finished the season with a career-high 50 appearances, 37 of them in the league. For his efforts, he was awarded the UNFP Young Player of the Year award and named to the Team of the Year. Nasri was also voted the Club Player of the Year by supporters, receiving 62% of the votes ahead of the likes of Ribéry and Niang.

2007–08 season

Similar to his previous three years at Marseille, Nasri began the new season under new management as the club was now being led by the Belgian Eric Gerets. Due to the departure of Ribéry to Bayern Munich, Gerets installed Nasri as the focal point of the attack and he responding by having his best season at the club. He appeared in 42 total matches scoring a career-high six goals, also assisting on a career-high 15 goals. Nasri formed partnerships in the midfield with winger Mathieu Valbuena and midfielders Lorik Cana and Benoît Cheyrou as Marseille boasted the third-best attack in the league behind champions Lyon and Bordeaux, who finished first and second in the league respectively. Initially, Nasri struggled during the infancy of the campaign due to dealing with the effects of a severely sprained ankle suffered in the pre-season. He failed to score a goal or provide an assist in the team's first eight league matches. On 24 November 2007, he assisted on two goals in a 2–0 victory over Metz. Nasri closed out the fall season by assisting on the equalizing goal in a 2–2 draw with Bordeaux and making the final pass on the match-winning goal against Le Mans.

Following the winter break, Nasri's goal-scoring began to take form. In late January, he scored goals in back-to-back matches against Nancy and Caen. In European competition, Nasri participated in the UEFA Champions League for the first time in his career, however he failed to make an impact in the four group stage matches he appeared in. He missed the club's upset victory over Liverpool at Anfield due to dealing with a bout of meningitis. Marseille ultimately finished the group in third place, which resulted in the team qualifying for the round of 32 of the UEFA Cup. The club was defeated in the round of 16 by Zenit Saint Petersburg despite being up 3–1 heading into the second leg. Of those three goals Marseille scored in the first leg, Nasri assisted on two of them. On 16 March 2008, Nasri scored a goal in a 3–3 draw with Lens. A month later, he scored the game-winning goal in a 2–1 victory over Metz. In his final match with Marseille, against Strasbourg, Nasri scored a goal and assisted on another in a 4–3 victory. Marseille finished the league campaign in third place, which resulted in the club qualifying for the UEFA Champions League for the second consecutive season. On 8 May 2008, with all the transfer speculation surrounding the player, Nasri surprised many by signing a three-year contract extension with the club until 2012.

Arsenal

2008–09 season

One week later, despite signing a contract extension with Marseille, Nasri was linked with a move to Premier League club Arsenal. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger had been tracking Nasri since watching him play at the 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship. It was later revealed that the contract extension Nasri signed with Marseille was simply protocol to allow Marseille to receive a higher transfer fee for the player. The Bouches-du-Rhône-based club was seeking £14 million for the young midfielder. Ahead of UEFA Euro 2008, both Nasri's agent and Wenger admitted that offers were made for the player and that a move to the English club was imminent. The deal was ultimately concluded following the competition on 11 July 2008 with Nasri agreeing to a four-year contract. The transfer fee was undisclosed, but has been purported to be in the region of £12 million. Upon arriving at the club, Nasri admitted Wenger was one of the primary reasons for him joining the club: "The fact that Arsène Wenger gives great opportunities to young players is very important for me. Arsène has a great reputation and he is one of the best managers in the world."

Nasri was given the number 8 shirt – previously worn by Arsenal legends Ian Wright, George Graham, Alan Sunderland and Freddie Ljungberg – and made his club debut on 30 July 2008 in a friendly match against German club VfB Stuttgart in a 3–1 win. He made his Premier League debut in the team's first match of the league season on 16 August against West Bromwich Albion. In the match, Nasri scored his first league goal scoring with a close-range effort, after four minutes in a 1–0 victory. As a result of his debut goal, he became the 83rd player in Premier League history to score on his league debut and the 22nd Arsenal player. On 27 August, Nasri scored his second goal for the club in the team's 2008–09 UEFA Champions League third round qualifying second leg tie against Twente. Arsenal won the match 4–0 and the tie 6–0 on aggregate. On 8 November, Nasri scored both of Arsenal's goals in a 2–1 win over Manchester United.

On 21 December, Nasri assisted on the opening goal scored by Robin van Persie in the team's 1–1 draw with Liverpool. Nasri returned to his scoring form in the new year. On 17 January 2009, he scored the second goal in the club's 3–1 win over Hull City at the KC Stadium. It took Nasri another two months to score another goal, which came in Arsenal's 3–1 away win against Newcastle United. He finished his first campaign at Arsenal appearing in 44 matches, scoring seven goals and providing five assists.

2009–10 season
On 21 July 2009, while participating in a training match during pre-season with Arsenal in Bad Waltersdorf, Nasri suffered a broken leg. The injury required two to three months of rest and, as a result, Nasri missed the opening of the 2009–10 Premier League season. He made his debut late in the campaign on 25 October 2009 in a League Cup tie against Liverpool. Nasri played the entire match in a 2–1 win. On 4 November, he scored his first goal of the season in the team's 2009–10 UEFA Champions League group stage match against AZ. Three weeks later, Nasri converted another Champions League goal, this time against Standard Liège in a 2–0 win. He featured heavily with the team during the winter months and he ended the 2009 calendar year by scoring a goal and providing an assist 4–1 win over Portsmouth away at Fratton Park.

After going nearly two months without scoring a goal, Nasri marked his goal-scoring return in emphatic fashion in the team's 5–0 second leg victory over Porto in the round of 16 of the Champions League knockout stage. The goal, described by English newspaper The Guardian columnist David Lacey as "reminiscent of a lost art in British football", showcased Nasri's dribbling, as well as his individuality. Upon receiving the ball on the right wing from midfielder Abou Diaby, Nasri dribbled through and past three Porto players in a small area of space before bringing the ball past wing-back Álvaro Pereira and driving it across the goalkeeper, sending the ball in off the far post. Nasri goal was subsequently compared by the English media to similar goals that occurred in the country. Three weeks later, after appearing as a substitute in the second half, Nasri scored the opening goal against Birmingham City. Birmingham later equalized through a late goal from Kevin Phillips. The draw ended a string of seven consecutive league victories for Arsenal and Wenger admitted that the draw "was a big blow for our chances [of winning the league]". In the team's final seven league matches, Nasri assisted on goals in a 3–2 loss to Wigan Athletic and a 4–0 home win over Fulham. Arsenal ultimately finished the campaign in third place. Nasri concluded his second season at Arsenal appearing in 34 matches, scoring five goals and providing five assists.

2010–11 season

Ahead of the 2010–11 season, Nasri admitted he was determined to re-capture his form that resulted in Arsenal signing him two years prior. He also admitted he did not take missing out on the 2010 FIFA World Cup well, stating, "When I discovered that I wasn't part of the squad for the World Cup, I got a big slap in the face." However, after speaking to Arsène Wenger, who informed him he should use the non-call-up as motivation, Nasri was reassured. Nasri started the campaign well. He was named in Arsenal's starting line-up to play against Liverpool for the first match of the season on 15 August 2010. Nasri played the entire match in a 1–1 draw. After the match, Arsenal confirmed Nasri had suffered a knee injury that would keep him out for a month. However, the player returned to the team after just three matches to help Arsenal defeat Braga 6–0 in the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League group stage on his return. On 21 September, he scored a double in the club's 4–1 extra time victory over North London derby rivals Tottenham Hotspur. Both goals were converted from the penalty spot. Fours days later, Nasri scored another double in a 3–2 home defeat to West Bromwich Albion.

Nasri continued his fine form as season wore on. In the club's Champions League group stage tie against Serbian club Partizan, he assisted on a Sébastien Squillaci goal in the team's 3–1 victory. In October 2010, Nasri went on a streak in which he scored goals in three-straight matches. He started the streak by converting a penalty in a 2–1 win over Birmingham City. In the club's following match, against Shakhtar Donetsk, Nasri scored on a left-footed volley in a 5–1 victory. He also assisted on a goal in the match. Against Manchester City five days later, he scored the first goal and set up the third in a 3–0 victory. As a result of his performances in October 2010, Nasri was named the PFA Fans' Player of the Month. In November, Nasri was on the score-sheet again netting the opener in a 3–2 defeat to Tottenham. A week later, he scored a volley in a 4–2 win over Aston Villa.

On 4 December, Nasri scored two goals against Fulham to give Arsenal a 2–1 win. The victory placed Arsenal at the top of the league table. The two goals were Nasri's seventh and eighth goals, respectively, in the league and his tenth and 11th overall. Just four days later, Nasri scored a goal in Arsenal's vital last group match against Partizan, a 3–1 victory. On 13 December, for his performances during the 2010 calendar year, Nasri was named the France Football French Player of the Year, edging Chelsea midfielder Florent Malouda and Lyon goalkeeper Hugo Lloris. He became the first Arsenal player to achieve the honour since Thierry Henry in 2006. Nasri was also rewarded domestically for his performances in December, winning the Fans' Player of the Month for the second time in the season, also capturing the club's monthly award. He won the award for the second consecutive month in January.

Nasri scored his 13th goal of the season in the 3–0 win against Birmingham City on 1 January 2011. In the FA Cup, Nasri scored his first-ever goal in the competition in a 3–1 win over Leeds United in the third round. On 30 January, Nasri was forced to leave the team's fourth round FA Cup tie against Huddersfield Town due to a hamstring injury. He subsequently missed two weeks and returned to the team ahead of its Champions League knockout round tie with Spanish champions Barcelona. In the first leg, Nasri assisted the match-winning goal scored by Andrey Arshavin. Arsenal won the match 2–1, but lost the tie 4–3 on aggregate after suffering a 3–1 defeat at the Camp Nou in the second leg. On 8 April, Nasri was nominated for both the PFA Players' Player of the Year and PFA Young Player of the Year awards. He lost out on both awards to Tottenham midfielder Gareth Bale and teammate Jack Wilshere, respectively, but was given consolation with an appearance on the association's Team of the Year.

Of his time at Emirates Stadium, Nasri has expressed deep admiration for his former manager Wenger, of whom he also described as a "role model" and a "magician". Altogether, Nasri scored 27 goals in 124 total appearances for Arsenal.

Manchester City
On 24 August 2011, it was confirmed Nasri had joined Premier League club Manchester City. The transfer fee was priced in the region of £25 million, and the player signed a four-year contract.

2011–12 season
Nasri made his club debut on 28 August in a league fixture away to Tottenham Hotspur. In the match, he assisted on three goals as Manchester City cruised to a 5–1 win. In the team's next match following the September international break, Nasri assisted on one of Sergio Agüero's three goals in a 3–0 win over Wigan Athletic. On 1 October, he scored his first goal for the club, scoring the third goal in a 4–0 victory, also assisting on two other goals. After nearly two months without a league goal, on 3 December, Nasri scored his second goal for Manchester City, converting a free-kick in a 5–1 win against Norwich City. In the following month, Nasri scored his third goal for the club in a 3–2 win against Tottenham. On 21 March 2012, he scored the game-winning goal in a 2–1 win over Chelsea after receiving a through-ball from teammate Carlos Tevez. On 22 April, he scored in a 2–0 away win against Wolverhampton Wanderers. On 13 May, Nasri won his first Premier League trophy as Manchester City were crowned Premier League champions for the 2011–12 season after defeating Queens Park Rangers 3–2.

2012–13 season
At the start of the 2012–13 season, Nasri switched his squad number from 19 to 8. On 12 August, Nasri scored and assisted a goal in the 2012 Community Shield, a 3–2 win against FA Cup winners Chelsea. A week later, on the opening day of the 2012–13 Premier League, he scored and assisted again in a 3–2 win against newly promoted Southampton. He then scored against Ajax in a 3–1 loss in the UEFA Champions League group stage. In December 2012, Nasri was criticised for not blocking Robin van Persie's winning goal for Manchester United in the Manchester Derby.

In March 2013, after a man of the match performance in a 4–0 win against Newcastle United, Manchester City manager Roberto Mancini said he "would like to give [Nasri] a punch" due to his inconsistent form. On 14 April, Nasri scored the opening goal as City defeated Chelsea 2–1 in the FA Cup semi-final.

2013–14 season
Nasri scored his first goal of the 2013–14 season in the match against Manchester United in a 4–1 win. On 5 November, he provided assists for goals by Sergio Agüero and Álvaro Negredo as City cruised by CSKA Moscow 5–2 to advance to the knockout stages of the Champions League for the first time in club history. On 1 December, Nasri scored twice in a 3–0 win over Swansea City.

On 2 March 2014, Nasri scored the second goal as Manchester City defeated Sunderland 3–1 to win the 2014 League Cup final. For his performance in the final, Nasri received the Alan Hardaker Trophy, given to the Man of the Match.

In a crucial Premier League match away to Everton on 3 May, Nasri provided the assist for Edin Džeko's game-winning goal as City came from behind to win 3–2 and go top of the table with two matches remaining. On 11 May, Nasri scored Manchester City's opening goal in a 2–0 defeat of West Ham United as the club won the 2013–14 Premier League title.

2014–15 season

On 10 July 2014, Nasri signed a new five-year contract deal with Manchester City, which kept him at the club until 2017.

2015–16 season
On 22 November 2015, Manuel Pellegrini confirmed Nasri would miss four-to-five months of action because of a tendon injury sustained in training. On 10 April 2016, during his first match back from injury, he scored the match-winning goal against West Bromwich Albion as Manchester City won 2–1.

Loan to Sevilla
On 31 August 2016, Nasri joined Spanish club Sevilla on a season-long loan deal.

Antalyaspor
On 21 August 2017, Nasri signed for Turkish side Antalyaspor on a two-year contract for a reported €3.5 million transfer fee. On 31 January 2018, Nasri mutually terminated his contract with the club, having made eight appearances and scored two goals in the Süper Lig during his five-month stay.

Doping ban

On 22 February 2018, Nasri was given a six-month ban from football by UEFA, for breaching WADA rules in December 2016 by receiving an intravenous drip of 500 millilitres of water containing nutrients. On 1 August 2018, Nasri's ban was increased by an extra 12 months following an appeal from UEFA's ethics and disciplinary inspector. The ban was back-dated to 1 July 2017.

West Ham United
With his ban from football due to finish on 31 December 2018, Nasri began training with West Ham United and undertook a medical in the hopes of signing a short-term contract. When the sanction ended, Nasri signed a short-term deal with West Ham until the end of the 2018–19 season. In May 2019, West Ham announced that Nasri would leave the club at the end of his contract in June 2019. He was released by West Ham at the end of the 2018–19 season.

Anderlecht
On 5 July 2019, Nasri signed for Belgian club Anderlecht on a free transfer. He was released by the club in 2020.

Retirement
In September 2021, Nasri revealed to Le Journal du Dimanche that he had retired from professional football since his release from Anderlecht.

International career

Youth
Nasri has earned caps with all of France's youth teams for which he was eligible. He is a member of the group, commonly known as the "Génération 1987" which produced internationals Hatem Ben Arfa, Karim Benzema and Jérémy Ménez, alongside himself. With the under-16 team, Nasri made 16 appearances and scored eight goals. Of the four players, Nasri was the first player to become a regular starter in the team under coach François Blaquart and made his debut in the team's opening match of the campaign against Spain. France won the match 3–0. Nasri scored his first goal for the team on 29 October in its first group stage match against Sweden at the Tournoi du Val-de-Marne. On 11 December, Nasri scored the opening goal in the team's 6–1 defeat of Greece. At the 2003 Aegean Cup in Turkey, he scored two goals in four matches as France finished the competition in third place. Nasri scored in the team's second group stage match against Israel, a 3–1 win. In the next group stage match, he scored a goal in 5–0 win over Ukraine. In the third place match against Belgium, Nasri assisted on a goal scored by Ben Arfa. At the Tournoi de Montaigu, Nasri scored his only goal in the team's 8–0 win over Gabon in the team's opening group match. France finished the competition runner-up to Italy, who defeated France 5–1 in the final match.

At under-17 level, Nasri, Menez and Ben Arfa were joined by Karim Benzema and tasked with the goal of winning the 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship on home soil. Nasri made his debut with the team in the opening match of the season against Sweden, scoring a goal in a 5–2 victory. In the team's second straight yearly appearance at the Tournoi du Val-de-Marne, Nasri scored his lone goal in the competition against the United States in a 2–0 win as France were declared champions without conceding a goal. At the 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, Nasri scored against Portugal in the competition's semi-finals. France went on to win the match 3–1 to earn a place in the final. In the final match, France faced Spain. In the match, Nasri scored the game-winning goal to give France its first-ever title in the competition. In total with the under-17s, he made 16 appearances and scored six goals. Due to increased playing time at his parent club Marseille, Nasri's stint with the under-18 team was uneventful, appearing in only four matches.

The foursome of Nasri, Ben Arfa, Benzema and Ménez returned to international play together for under-19 duty. The four were joined by Issiar Dia, Blaise Matuidi and Serge Gakpé with the objective of winning the 2006 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. The team opened the campaign with two friendly matches against Norway. Over the course of the two matches, Nasri scored two goals: one in a 4–0 win and another in a 5–0 victory. In the first round of qualification for the tournament, Nasri assisted on two goals in the team's 3–1 win over Wales. In the team's next group stage match against San Marino, he scored the third goal in a 3–0 victory. In the final group match against Austria, Nasri scored the opening goal and provided the assist on a Benzema goal in a 2–0 win. In the final round of qualification, despite finishing the round undefeated, France were eliminated after being beaten on points by Scotland. Nasri earned his first call up to the under-21 team under coach René Girard in the team's first match following the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship against Belgium. He started the match and was replaced at half-time by Florent Sinama Pongolle. He featured in qualification matches for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship and appeared as a substitute in both legs of the team's surprising defeat to Israel in the qualifying playoffs. Despite still being eligible to represent the team until 2009, his appearance in the second leg defeat to Israel was Nasri's last with the team.

Senior

On 15 March 2007, Nasri was called up to the senior team for the first time by coach Raymond Domenech for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria. Nasri said he was "very happy and very proud" to be called into the national team, stating that the call-up was all the more satisfying as the game was an important European Championship qualifier. He appeared on the bench in the match against Lithuania, but failed to make an appearance. Nasri made his international debut on 28 March against Austria at age 19. He started the match and was involved with the only goal, delivering the free-kick from which Karim Benzema scored. Nasri returned to the team in June for matches and, on 6 June, scored his first international goal in a 1–0 Euro qualifying win over Georgia.

On 16 November 2007, Nasri scored his second international goal in a friendly match against Morocco. As a result of his performances, he was named in the 23-man squad to participate in Euro 2008. Nasri made his debut in the tournament on 9 June 2008 in the team's opening group stage match against Romania, appearing as a substitute. He did not appear in the team's 4–1 loss to the Netherlands, but did appear in the team's final group stage match against Italy. Nasri appeared as a substitute for the injured Franck Ribéry in the tenth minute. Following defender's Eric Abidal's red card in the 24th minute, Nasri was taken out of the match in order for defender Jean-Alain Boumsong to take Abidal's spot in the lineup.

In November 2008, Nasri was one of a group of young players who were accused of being insolent during the team's campaign at Euro 2008. The accusation came from domestic teammate William Gallas, who made the charge in his autobiography. Though not explicitly named in the book, Nasri was widely identified as the player in question. In 2010, after failing to make the 2010 World Cup squad, Nasri opened up about the situation, stating that during Gallas' final year at Arsenal, Nasri was one of "four or five" Arsenal players who did not speak to the defender. The feud culminated on 20 November 2010 when Nasri lived up to a pledge he would not shake the hand of Gallas, who was then playing for Tottenham Hotspur, during the pre-match build-up.

In the 2008–09 season, Nasri appeared in only three matches with the national team. After playing against Lithuania on 28 March 2009, the midfielder went uncapped for the almost a year and a half. During the 2009–10 season, Nasri grew weary of his chances of appearing with the team at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In the end, he did not appear with the team, failing to make the 23-man squad or even the preliminary squad.

Nasri returned to the national team under the reign of new coach Laurent Blanc for the team's friendly against Norway on 11 August 2010. He missed the September call-ups due to injury before returning to the team in October for Euro 2012 qualifying matches against Romania and Luxembourg. On 25 March 2011, Nasri captained the national team for the first time in its 2–0 Euro qualification win over Luxembourg. He provided the assist on the opening goal scored by Philippe Mexès. In the team's final Euro qualifier against Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nasri scored the equalizing goal, converting a penalty in a 1–1 draw. The point gained from the stalemate secured a Euro 2012 qualifying spot for France. After appearing regularly in qualifying for Euro 2012, on 29 May 2012, Nasri was named to the squad to participate in the competition. In the team's opening group stage match against England, he scored the equalizing goal in a 1–1 draw.

After France lost to Spain in the quarter-finals, Nasri subjected a reporter to what was described as a "foul-mouthed tirade" when asked for his views on the match. For that and other misdemeanours, the French Football Federation (FFF) imposed a three-match international ban.

On 13 May 2014, France manager Didier Deschamps revealed his 23-man squad for the 2014 World Cup, omitting Nasri.

On 9 August 2014, at age 27, Nasri confirmed his decision to retire from international football.

Style of play

In his early years at Marseille, Nasri was deployed in several positions, most notably as a deep-lying midfielder and a wide midfielder primarily on the right side as he was deemed too small to play in the middle of the park. After two years of developing his physical traits, in the 2006–07 season, manager Albert Emon inserted Nasri into the playmaker role, where his vision, passing, technical skill and ability to read and understand the game suited him. Since that season, Nasri was primarily deployed in the position or as a central attacking midfielder at both club and international level. The player personally said that playing centrally was his preference. As a result of his versatility, Nasri could also function on the wing and spent the majority of his career at Arsenal occupying the role in the team's 4–3–3 formation. His close control with the ball, speed, dribbling, crossing, and ability to use both feet suited the position well, which resulted in former manager Arsène Wenger deploying Nasri in the role during the player's four-year stay at the club. Nasri often featured centrally for Arsenal in the absence of former club captain Cesc Fàbregas.

In 2009, in order to accommodate the arrival of Russian attacker Andrey Arshavin, it was recommended by both Wenger and then-France national team coach Raymond Domenech that Nasri revert to his role as a deep-lying midfielder so the player could showcase his underrated defensive abilities. Nasri was also an underrated direct free kick and penalty kick taker. The player had previously developed a superstition with regards to taking spot kicks, but conquered the issue after successfully converting two penalties in the team's League Cup victory over Tottenham Hotspur in 2010. Wenger described Nasri as a "young, quick and technically outstanding player". He was described in a similar fashion by club scout Gilles Grimandi, who stated that Nasri was "a fantastic athlete, he's quick, flexible and good with his feet". Nasri's playing style, ability and cultural background drew comparisons to Zinedine Zidane. After joining Arsenal and excelling on the wing, the English media began comparing him to former club player and compatriot Robert Pires.

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Nasri goal.

Honours
Marseille
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2005

Arsenal
Football League Cup runner-up: 2010–11

Manchester City
Premier League: 2011–12, 2013–14
Football League Cup: 2013–14
FA Community Shield: 2012
FA Cup runner-up: 2012–13
France U17
UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2004

Individual
UNFP Ligue 1 Young Player of the Year: 2006–07
UNFP Ligue 1 Team of the Year: 2006–07
Premier League Player of the Month: December 2010
French Player of the Year: 2010
PFA Fans' Player of the Month: October 2010, December 2010, January 2011
PFA Team of the Year: 2010–11 Premier League
Nominated for the Best at Sport award at the British Muslim Awards: 2013
Alan Hardaker Trophy: 2014

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Marseille
French Muslims
French sportspeople of Algerian descent
French men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
France men's youth international footballers
France men's under-21 international footballers
France men's international footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Olympique de Marseille players
Arsenal F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Sevilla FC players
Antalyaspor footballers
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
UEFA Euro 2012 players
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Spain
French expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
La Liga players
Süper Lig players
Doping cases in association football
French sportspeople in doping cases
West Ham United F.C. players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Belgian Pro League players

Samir Nasri


Miller Wolf Oberman is a former Ruth Lilly Fellow as well as a 2016 winner of the 92nd St Y's Boston Review/ Discovery Prize. His translation of selections from the "Old English Rune Poem" won Poetry's John Frederick Nims Memorial Prize For Translation in 2013. Miller's first book "The Unstill Ones," a collection of poems and Old English translations was published in September 2017 by Princeton University Press. He lives in Brooklyn with his wife, rock singer Louisa Rachel Solomon of The Shondes, and holds a PhD in English from the University of Connecticut.

Awards
Discovery/Boston Review Prize, 2016.

AWP Intro Award Journals Project, 2014 Honorable Mention for "Lies After the War."

John Frederick Nims Memorial Prize for Translation, 2013, awarded by Poetry Magazine for the "Old English Rune Poem."

The Wallace Stevens Student Poetry Prize, 2014.

Finalist for the Montreal International Poetry Prize, 2012.

Winner of a Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Prize, 2009.

Winner of The Academy of American Poets University Prize, 2006.

Recipient of the Ruth Lilly Fellowship, 2005.

Recipient of the Flannery O'Connor Fellowship, 2004–2005.

Winner of the Sarah Lawrence College Andrea K. Willison Poetry Prize, 2000.

Selected publications
Harvard Review: "From Old English Rune Poem," "The Ruin," "Caedmon's Hymn," "Riddle 63" and "Riddle 94," forthcoming.

Southeast Review: "He Was Restless," summer 2016.

The Minnesota Review: "Silentium" 2016.

Tin House: "Wulf and Eadwacer" and "Tension" Winter 2016/17.

The Nation: "Lies After the War," forthcoming, 2016.

Broadsided Press: "Morning Pastoral," forthcoming, 2016.

Boston Review: "Wolf Brother," summer 2016.

Fourteen Hills: "The Smokewood Tree," summer, 2016.

Poetry Magazine: translation of "The Woman Who Cannot," July/August, 2016.

berfrois: "The Grave," March, 2016, and "The Ruin" and "Dear Lengthening Day" June, 2016.

Beloit Poetry Journal: "Who People Are," winter 2015-2016.

Poetry Daily: "Who People Are," February 25, 2016.

Poetry Magazine: "On Trans," March, 2015.

Poetry Magazine: translation from the "Old English Rune Poem," June, 2013.

Rattle: "Ears" Summer, 2010.

Realpoetik: "Myron," "To Keep the House Quiet," "Eighth Nerve" and "Daybreak," April, 2008.

The Minnesota Review: "Dixie Paint," Winter, 2006.

Bloom Magazine: "After the Demolition Derby," Fall, 2005.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American male poets
Poets from New York (state)
21st-century American poets
21st-century American male writers

Miller Wolf Oberman


Fred LeRoy Granville was born in Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia, in 1896, and educated in New Zealand. The 1 February 1922, issue of American Cinematographer stated that he was "a bloody Britisher by birth" and "first saw the light at Worton Hall, Isleworth, Middlesex, England." Granville became interested in photography as a boy. His first experience with cinematography came in 1913 under the guidance of James Crosby at the Selig Polyscope studio in Edendale, near downtown Los Angeles. Granville photographed the documentary Rescue of the Stefansson Expedition (1914) and a number of features and serials for Universal, including Liberty, A Daughter of the USA (1916) and The Heart of Humanity (1918). He also shot several of cowboy actor Tom Mix's early Fox features. The last two films he directed were produced in France.

While married to Mary J., he had two sons, George E., born about 1908 and Roy F., born about 1911.

In 1920, Granville went to England, where he worked as a cinematographer and director into the mid-1920s. Here he met and married the actress Peggy Hyland in 1923. The marriage was later dissolved. He died in London on 14 November 1932, from complications related to Bright's disease.

Selected filmography
 Liberty, A Daughter of the USA (1916)
 Money Madness (1917)
 The Bride's Awakening (1918)
 The Heart of Humanity (1918)
 Her Body in Bond (1918)
 Rough Riding Romance (1919)
 The Coming of the Law (1919)
 The Honeypot (1920)
 The Price of Silence (1920) aka At the Mercy of Tiberius
 Once to Every Woman (1920 film)
 Love Maggy (1921)
 The Smart Sex (1921)
 The Shark Master (1921)
 The Fighting Lover (1921)
 Shifting Sands (1922)
 The Beloved Vagabond (1923)
 The Sins Ye Do (1924)
 Forbidden Cargoes (1926)
 Lady Harrington (1926)

References

External links

1896 births
1932 deaths
Australian cinematographers
British cinematographers
People from Warrnambool
Australian expatriates in New Zealand
Australian emigrants to the United States

Fred LeRoy Granville


Pestonji D Kanga was a Mumbai-based Parsee cricketer. Kanga was an all-rounder, good with the bat, a fast-bowler with variety. He was part of the Parsi team that toured England in 1888.  The 1939 book Parsi Lustre on Indian Soil: Volume 2, compiled by Hormusji Dhunjishaw Darukhanawala, reported: "Mr. Pestonjee Kanga was a keen golfer and an enthusiastic Rotarian. Hygiene was his hobby and in 1907 he wrote a book entitled ' Reflections on Plague and the Methods of Checking It'."

References
The South Asian

Indian cricketers
Parsees cricketers

Pestonji Kanga


Steak and Blowjob Day (sometimes Steak & BJ Day or Steak and Knobber Day) is a satirical unofficial holiday created in the United States as a male response to Valentine's Day and celebrated a month later, on March 14. On the day, women are purportedly supposed to cook a filet steak for and perform fellatio on a man in response to cards, chocolate, flowers and other gifts given by men on Valentine's Day.

The observance has no official status, being a popular Internet meme rather than an actual holiday, but various souvenirs and video clips have been produced about it. It was conceived in 2002 by DJ Tom Birdsey on WFNX radio.

It has been suggested that Steak and Blowjob Day is a backlash against the feminist movement; the holiday has been criticized as sexist and patriarchal, though it has also been positively received by some, and used as a platform to fundraise for breast cancer research.

History
Several websites claim to be the official site of Steak and Blowjob Day, but none of them identify as the creator. The sites concur that the holiday was devised by radio DJ Tom Birdsey in 2002, during a show on WFNX radio station in Boston, Massachusetts. One of the various websites competing to be the 'official' page of the day stated "March 14th henceforth became 'Steak and Blowjob Day.' Simple, effective, and self-explanatory. No cards, no flowers, no special nights on the town; the name explains it all: just a steak and a BJ. That's it."  The "official" websites provide guides on how best to cook steak, and how to best perform fellatio.

The day of celebration is sometimes suggested to be March 20 instead of March 14, either because the former was proclaimed to be Steak and Knobber Day by another radio host Dave Rickards in 1998, or because the latter coincides with Pi Day, which observes the mathematical constant  (pi).

A female equivalent of the day is Cake and Cunnilingus Day on April 14.

Cultural analysis
According to the women's historian Lois Banner, the day appeared to be part of the backlash against the feminist movement, moving toward a version of human interaction inherent to hookup culture, and that men "are really frightened because women are outperforming them". Activist Feminista Jones argues that it limits women's freedom of choice, thus being in the mainstream of traditional patriarchal restriction of female sexual behaviours. The sexual educator Walker Thornton wrote that the day, although silly, emphasized for her the issues she had with the modern worldview of Valentine's Day.  Men's Health was unsure whether the holiday was actually celebrated, or whether the whole thing was a joke. Spanish soccer newspaper Diario AS considers the holiday to be "surreal". Student newspaper The Brown Daily Herald discussed the gender and sexual political implications surrounding the meme, suggesting that fellatio is considered by many to be a job the giver must endure as opposed to a form of enjoyment, and in the framing of Steak and Blowjob Day as a "man's holiday" aimed at obtaining payback for Valentine's Day, this is perpetuated. The Daily Dot considers it a "lame joke gone viral".

Reception
Lifestyle blog YourTango felt the idea of such a holiday was an enshrining of male privilege and was, like Valentine's Day, a "silly calendar filler". The Huffington Post stated that the day "made them want to gag", and FHM and the Daily Mirror noted that businesses were cashing in on the unofficial holiday.

The concept of a men's movement looking to create such a day has caused some controversy and incited opposition, being described as antifeminist or patriarchal. The men's magazine Maxim described it as the greatest holiday of all time, whereas Cosmopolitan was unsure whether it was an outdated and sexist event or a bawdy celebration of sex and food. One opinion piece on the day suggested it was Neanderthal in trying to force through the idea of a day devoted to the combination of fellatio and steak, and suggested a range of alternatives.

The holiday has drawn attention from various celebrities, including Christina Aguilera, who encouraged her fans to celebrate it in 2014.

In 2016, Instinct noted that the day is also now being used as a way to successfully raise money for breast cancer research. In Germany, Bild noted the day is known as Schnitzel und Blowjob Tag, or Schniblo for short, and in France, female-targeted magazine  noted it was a day targeted at men, while  said it was a "most American holiday". In Spain, daily newspaper El Mundo noted in Spain it would be called Día del Solomillo y el Sexo Oral and that the day joined food and sex, which it opined were two of the greatest pleasures in the world.

See also
 Cake and Cunnilingus Day
 Same date
 Pi Day
 White Day

References

External links

March observances
Steak
Observances in the United States
Observances in Germany
Unofficial observances
Off-color humor
Fellatio
Internet memes
Misogyny

Steak and Blowjob Day


CHRM-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Matane, Quebec.

Owned and operated by Les Communications Matane Inc., it broadcasts on 105.3 MHz using an omnidirectional antenna with an effective radiated power of 30,000 watts (class B).  CHRM-FM also operates a relay, CHRM-FM-1 in Les Méchins which operates on 91.3 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 23 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 49 watts (class LP).

The station has an adult contemporary format, and has occasionally had some talk programming and sports play-by-play.

Originally known as CHRM when the station was on the AM band on 1290 kHz, the station moved to FM in 2001. CHRM went on the air on April 13, 1975 and was the first local private radio service in Matane since CKBL (now CBGA-FM) was bought by Radio-Canada in 1972.

The relay in Les Méchins, which was added as part of the conversion to FM, was originally on 104.1 MHz; it was moved to 91.3 MHz in 2005.

References

External links
 Official site

Hrm
Hrm
Hrm
Matane
Radio stations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Quebec

CHRM-FM


The Fundy Islands, also known as the Fundy Isles, is a term given to a group of Canadian islands in the Bay of Fundy along the southwestern coast of New Brunswick, Canada, in the provincial county of Charlotte.

There are over 25 islands within this group including several parishes including the West Isles. Some of the larger islands are inhabited year-round while some of the smaller islands may have seasonal residents. The largest of the islands is Grand Manan with the second and third largest islands being Campobello Island and Deer Island respectively. Deer Island shares its coastline with not only the Bay of Fundy, but also Passamaquoddy Bay to its north. Smaller island exist along each of the larger islands as well as within Passamaquoddy Bay and along the New Brunswick mainland. Some of these islands include White Head Island (situated off Grand Manan's southeast coast), Macs Island and Pendelton Island (both situated between Deer Island and the New Brunswick mainland), Minister's Island and Hospital Island (situated in Passamaquoddy Bay).

References
 Visit Campobello
 Lonely Planet - The Fundy Isles

Landforms of Charlotte County, New Brunswick
Geographic regions of New Brunswick
Coastal islands of New Brunswick

Fundy Islands


For robot control, Stochastic roadmap simulation is inspired by probabilistic roadmap methods (PRM) developed for robot motion planning.

The main idea of these methods is to capture the connectivity of a geometrically complex high-dimensional space by constructing a graph of local paths connecting points randomly sampled from that space. A roadmap G = (V,E) is a directed graph. Each vertex v is a randomly sampled conformation in C. Each (directed) edge from vertex vi to vertex vj carries a weight Pij , which represents the probability that the molecule will move to conformation vj , given that it is currently at vi. The probability Pij is 0 if there is no edge from vi to vj. Otherwise, it depends on the energy difference between conformations.

Stochastic roadmap simulation is used to explore the kinetics of molecular motion by simultaneously examining multiple pathways in the roadmap. Ensemble properties of molecular motion (e.g., probability of folding (PFold), escape time in ligand-protein binding) is computed efficiently and accurately with stochastic roadmap simulation. PFold values are computed using the first step analysis of Markov chain theory.

See also
Jean-Claude Latombe
Mark Overmars

References

Robot control
Stochastic simulation

Stochastic roadmap simulation


e.tv Ghana also known as ETV Ghana is a free-to-air terrestrial television network broadcasting 24-hours a day from Accra since its launch in October 2009. As of December 2011 it will also commence terrestrial transmissions in Kumasi. Beyond Accra and Kumasi, it is available via satellite on First Digital TV and SMART TV. It is privately owned TV in Accra.

History
The TV station was born of a partnership between Global Media Alliance (GMA) and Sabido Group, parent company of e.tv, the largest English-medium channel in South Africa. e.tv Ghana operates under Global Media Alliance's broadcasting company (GMABC).

Edward Boateng is the Chairman of the Board of Directors and renowned Ghanaian film and TV personality Jot Agyeman is e.tv Ghana's Station Manager.

Programming
e.tv Ghana's programming falls into six broad categories: entertainment; talkshows; sports; current affairs; drama; and movies. It also broadcasts special major one-off events, children's programming and comedy shows.

e.tv Ghana has historically invested heavily in local talent and programming and supplements its local content with shows imported from South Africa and the United States. About 30-40% of its prime time programming is locally produced. Its local acquisitions are a mix of in-house shows and co-productions with local production companies. Locally produced shows include Awake, The Be Bold Show, 100 Degrees, Meet the Girls, The Late Night Celebrity Show and Sports Lounge. South African shows include the hit-soapies Rhythm City and Scandal! and international imports include How I Met Your Mother and WWE Wrestling.

News
e.tv Ghana has an in-house news production department that focuses on national and business news content for its website and local and international news stories for its television transmissions. The main nightly news programme is called Prime News and is fronted by Gideon Aryeequaye in a 20:00h slot. The main business news programme is fronted by Christal Jeanne and is called eBusiness Journal, airing prior to Prime News at 19:30h.

In addition to regular news updates broadcast during the day, e.tv Ghana also airs a daily news programme from parent station e.tv South Africa at 18:00h, eNCA.

References

External links

Television stations in Ghana
Ghanaian culture
Television channels and stations established in 2009

ETV Ghana


Transaction Application Language or TAL (originally "Tandem Application Language") is a block-structured, procedural language optimized for use on Tandem (and later HP NonStop) hardware. TAL resembles a cross between C and Pascal. It was the original system programming language for the Tandem Computers CISC machines, which had no assembler.

The design concept of TAL, an evolution of Hewlett-Packard's SPL, was intimately associated and optimized with a microprogrammed CISC instruction set. Each TAL statement could easily compile into a sequence of instructions that manipulated data on a transient floating register stack. The register stack itself floated at the crest of the program's memory allocation and call stack.

The language itself has the appearance of ALGOL or Pascal, with BEGIN and END statements. However, its semantics are far more like C. It does not permit indefinite levels of procedure nesting, it does not pass complex structured arguments by value, and it does not strictly type most variable references. Programming techniques are much like C using pointers to structures, occasional overlays, deliberate string handling and casts when appropriate.

Available datatypes include 8 bit, 16 bit, 32 bit and (introduced later) 64 bit integers. Microcode level support was available for null terminated character strings. However, this is not commonly used.

Originally the Tandem NonStop operating system was written in TAL. Much of it has since been rewritten in C and TAL has been deprecated for new development.

In the migration from CISC to RISC, TAL was updated/replaced with pTAL – compilers allowed TAL to be re-compiled into Native RISC Applications. Later, the epTAL compiler was introduced for Itanium processors.

See also
 Enscribe
 NonStop SQL
 NonStop (server computers)
 TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
 Tandem Computers
 List of compilers for a partial list of NonStop compilers

References

Further reading
 TAL Programmer's Guide
 NonStop Computing Home – main Nonstop Computing page at Hewlett Packard Enterprise

Systems programming languages

Transaction Application Language


The Castle of San Sebastián (Spanish: Castillo de San Sebastián) is a fortress located in Cádiz, Spain,  at the end of La Caleta beach on a small island separated from the main city. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1993.

History
According to the classical tradition of the location of the fortress, there was a Temple of Kronos, a Titan of the Greek gods, the father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter and Hera.

In 1457, a chapel on the island was raised by a Venetian boat crew recovering from the plague.

In 1706, a castle was constructed, which resulted in a fortified enclosure of an irregular plane. It defended the northern flank of the city from attack. At the base of the lighthouse was a watchtower from the Muslim period.

In 1811, the Maltese navy arrived with the famous POW/rebel Junta of Buenos Aires, Juan Bautista Azopardo. He was housed in the fortress until 1815, when they suspected a leak and transferred him to the military prison in Ceuta.

In 1860, a levee was built to serve as a link between the island and the city.

The lighthouse has an iron structure designed by Rafael de la Cerda in 1908 and is the second electric-powered lighthouse in Spain. The tower rises to 41 meters above the sea.

The Castillo de San Sebastian was declared a cultural landmark in 1985.

References

Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Cádiz
Castles in Andalusia

Castle of San Sebastián (Cádiz)


Antonio Aliotta (18 January 1881 – 1 February 1964) was an Italian philosopher.

He was born in Palermo and studied philosophy at the University of Florence, graduating in 1903. His initial work was in experimental psychology. In 1912 he won the Paladin prize for his work, La reazione idealistica contro la scienza. He became professor of theoretical philosophy at the University of Padua from 1913 to 1919, then served as a professor at the University of Naples until 1951.

Aliotta died in Naples.

References

External links

1881 births
1964 deaths
People from Salerno
20th-century Italian philosophers
University of Florence alumni
Academic staff of the University of Padua
Academic staff of the University of Naples Federico II

Antonio Aliotta


Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends: Imagination Invaders is a video game based on the animated television series of the same name. The game was published by Midway Games, and released for the Nintendo DS in November 2007

Gameplay
In this game based on the episode "Make Believe It or Not" where Goo imagines the Evil Space Nut-Boogies, the player controls Bloo using the buttons on the Nintendo DS console. Bloo can jump and fire spit wads from a straw. The main objective of the game is to rescue Madame Foster who has been kidnapped by Space Nut Boogies. To do this the player must earn the cooperation of different characters from the television series by performing tasks for them in order to gain their help. Throughout the game the player must also find eggs laid by Coco which contain Coco cards. Coco cards allow players to view pictures they collect in their scrap book, which can be viewed from the pause screen. The gameplay is not similar to its prequel, as it is in 3-D.

Trivia

 Although the cover art depicts him as also being captured by the Evil Space Nut-Boogies, Mac is actually a playable character in the game and is subjected to tickle torture if captured three times during gameplay, much like he was in the original episode in which the game was based on.
 Bendy makes a minor appearance in this game.

References
play.com

game.co.uk
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
2007 video games
2008 video games


The Big Classic sandwich was a hamburger sold by the international fast-food restaurant chain Wendy's. The sandwich was intended to present a larger burger that appealed to the 18- to 36-year-old male demographic that desired a "heartier" product. It is one of only two named hamburger products sold by the company and was designed to compete against the Burger King Whopper sandwich.

Product description
The Big Classic was a  hamburger, consisting of a ¼ pound (113 g) beef patty, lettuce, tomatoes, mayonnaise, ketchup, onions, pickles and grill seasoning served on a Kaiser style roll. Cheese could be added upon request.

Variants
 Big Bacon Classic - adds Bacon

History
The Big Classic was introduced in September 1986 as part of a line of sandwiches that were launched during a major corporate restructuring of Wendy's. Initially, it was in a clamshell-style styrofoam; this was a clam container that form-fitted the sandwich but was replaced later on with its signature foil wrapper as a result of environmental concerns. Some years later the recipe was changed so that two strips of bacon were added, and the name changed to the Big Bacon Classic. It was replaced on the menu with the Baconator in June 2007, but one could still order the sandwich. The Big Bacon Classic returned to Wendy's menu in October 2009, was called the Bacon Deluxe, and contained four strips of bacon instead of two until its discontinuation in June 2012. The Bacon Deluxe was replaced on the menu by the Son of Baconator. If a customer wants a Bacon Deluxe, they can now add three pieces of bacon to a single, double, or triple classic cheeseburger.

See also
 Baconator

Similar sandwiches by other QSR vendors:

 Burger King Whopper
 McDonald's Big Mac

References

Wendy's foods
Fast food hamburgers

Big Classic


2Point9 Records (DohPointNau) is an independent record label, a subsidiary of an all-in-one entertainment company called 2Point9, that was started in 2003 when Telstar Records A&R manager Billy Grant and Promotions manager Rob Stuart decided to leave the company to set up their own little independent runnings.

History
Credited with breaking Jay Sean, Craig David and Mis-Teeq among others to mainstream audiences, Billy Grant and Rob Stuart gained a reputation for being able to create effective strategies for exposing so called "niche" markets to a mainstream audience.

After leaving Telstar Records in 2003, they formed 2Point9 combining management, record label, music publishing, live agency and consultancy. It quickly established itself as the No. 1 record label for contemporary South Asian-Western crossover music not only in the UK but worldwide. Signing producer Rishi Rich and artists Jay Sean, Juggy D, Mumzy Stranger and Mentor, 2Point9 quickly developed a sound which was to represent the new generation of young western South Asian youth. Ricky Martin and Britney Spears were just two of the international artists who benefited from the 2Point9 sound.

2Point9's first signing, Jay Sean went on to sell over 300,000 copies of his debut album Me Against Myself, going multi-platinum in India, a territory where 2Point9 have enjoyed huge success. As a result, he became the leading icon for South Asian youth around the world.

Getting involved in movies and commercials, 2Point9 also produced tracks for TV ads for a number of brands including McDonald's and Sharwood's. They also were responsible for a number of Bollywood smashes including the title track for Hum Tum - one of the biggest Bollywood movies. Jay Sean's track "Ride It" was featured in the western movie Fish Tank which got rave reviews at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.

2Point9 has toured in over 100 cities across four continents including the Middle East, Australia, NZ, Hong Kong, USA, Canada, South East Asia, Kenya and all over Europe. They utilize the internet as a key promotional tool, finding innovative ways to reach new audiences across the globe.

2Point9 also placed and then produced a weekly show on London radio station Kiss FM for three years with Jay Sean being one of the main presenters. The 2Point9 coordinator for the show, Neev, going on to gain a daytime radio slot on the station.

More recently, 2Point9 decided to focus solely for a couple of years on developing the career of Jay Sean. They independently released Jay Sean's second album My Own Way on the Jayded record label (a joint venture between 2Point9 founders Billy Grant and Rob Stuart and Jay Sean himself). The album peaked at Number 6 in the UK album chart and has sold close on 100,000 physical units and in excess of 250,000 mobile and MP3 computer downloads worldwide across all formats.  It was the No. 2 album for 6 weeks in UAE behind Coldplay and the singles "Ride It" and "Maybe" were No. 1 airplay records in places as far afield as Russia, Poland, UAE and Japan.

2Point9 Publishing Ltd
"2Point9" also runs a publishing company (TwoPointNine Publishing Ltd) and an artist booking agency which sources gigs for 2Point9 artists and other artists worldwide. The label is best known for the Rishi Rich Project, an Asian Underground group founded by producer Rishi Rich, and British Asian artists formerly associated with it, particularly Jay Sean and Juggy D.

Artists
2Point9's includes:
Jernade Miah
Jay Sean
Juggy D
Mentor Kolektiv
Rishi Rich
Veronica Mehta

References

British independent record labels

2Point9 Records


Willie D. Davis (July 24, 1934 – April 15, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). Davis played college football for the Grambling State Tigers before being drafted 181st in the 1956 NFL Draft. He spent 12 seasons in the NFL, playing for the Cleveland Browns and the Green Bay Packers.

In the NFL, Davis was a five-time champion, including winning the first two Super Bowls under Vince Lombardi. Individually, Davis was a six-time All-Pro, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1981.

Biography

College career
Davis attended college at Grambling State University, where he played football for the Tigers at both offensive tackle and defensive end.

Professional career
Davis was selected with pick number 181 in the 15th round of the 1956 NFL Draft by the Cleveland Browns, but he did not start his career until the 1958 NFL season due to military service in the United States Army. Davis wore number 77 and played at various positions on both offense and defense for the Browns, before being traded to the Green Bay Packers in 1960.

Davis wore number 87 during his career with the Packers, where he was moved to a permanent position at defensive end by Vince Lombardi. For 10 seasons, Davis anchored the Packers' defensive line, playing 138 consecutive regular-season games and part of 162 regular-season games for his NFL career. Davis was a member of all five of Lombardi's NFL title-winning teams and played in Super Bowls I and II.

Davis played in an era when neither tackles nor sacks were official statistics. However, John Turney, a member of the Professional Football Researchers Association, reports that Davis had in excess of 100 sacks during his 10-year Green Bay career (1960–69), "possibly more than 120," including a minimum of 40 over the 1963–65 seasons alone. Davis himself is quoted as saying, "I would think I would have to be the team's all-time leader in sacks. I played 10 years and I averaged in the 'teens' in sacks for those 10 years. I had 25 one season. [Paul] Hornung just reminded me of that the other day." Davis earned  All-Pro honors 5 times (1962, 64–67). He was voted to the Pro Bowl five times (1963–67).

Davis recovered 21 fumbles over his Packers career, which, more than three decades removed from his retirement, remains a team record. The Packers honored his retirement with a Willie Davis Day on December 21, 1969. Davis served on the team's Board of Directors.

During his early years with the Packers, Davis along with other players, lived in the Hotel Northland. He often told the story about how he along with the visiting officials, CBS broadcasters and crew, etc. were awoken on the morning of the Ice Bowl by a wake-up call from the front desk announcing the time and that the temperature was 17 degrees below zero.

Davis was also credited with following Vince Lombardi's lead in having no one associated with the team treat any man differently regardless of race. Davis would intentionally take the leadership position to offer to have lunch and dinner with players that had never played on an integrated team or eaten at the same table with an African American. Davis proactively and positively ensured that they acclimated well to Lombardi's culture of inclusion.

Later life and legacy
In the early 1970s, Davis worked as a color commentator on NFL telecasts for NBC. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1981. In 1986, Davis was named the Walter Camp Man of the Year. In 1987, he was given the Career Achievement Award from the NFL Alumni, and in 1988 he was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame. In 1999, Davis was ranked number 69 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.

Davis was a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. He received his Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business in 1968. He was a member of the boards of Marquette University, Alliance Bank, Dow Chemical (1988–2006), Johnson Controls (1991–2006), K-Mart, LA Gear, Manpower (2001–2020), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1999–2020), MGM Mirage, Rally's Inc., Sara Lee (1983–2020), Schlitz Brewing, and WICOR Inc. He was president of All-Pro Broadcasting, operators of radio stations KHTI, KATY-FM, WLDB-FM, WLUM-FM, and WZTI since 1976. In 1989 he was a finalist for the position of National Football League Commissioner.

Davis' son is actor Duane Davis, known for his role as "Featherstone" in Necessary Roughness. He also had a daughter, Lori Davis a lawyer known for her work in marijuana legislation within the Los Angeles children's court system. Davis' grandson, Wyatt Davis, was an All-American guard at the Ohio State University, and currently plays for the New York Giants.

After being hospitalized for a month due to kidney failure, Davis died on April 15, 2020, at the age of 85.

During the 2020 season, the Green Bay Packers wore a helmet decal to honor Davis, featuring his name and number.

References

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Willie Davis (defensive end)


Sister Henrietta, CSM and AA (9 July 1847 – 6 October 1911) was a British nursing pioneer and Anglican religious sister. Through her influence and pressure the first state registration of nurses and midwives in the world was brought about when the Cape of Good Hope Medical and Pharmacy Act of 1891 passed into law. She was a member of the Anglican Community of St Michael and All Angels.

Early influences
Sister Henrietta was born on 9 July 1847 at Gringley on the Hill, Nottinghamshire, the eldest of five children of the Revd Henry Stockdale, the vicar of Misterton and, later of Bole. She was confirmed by John Jackson, bishop of Lincoln on 22 March 1863, at Walkeringham. A few weeks previously the Edward Twells, newly consecrated bishop of the Orange River Mission (as the Bloemfontein Mission was then called), visited the Walkeringham Vicarage, where Mr. Stockdale, Henrietta and a cousin of hers met with him. The young Henrietta's missionary enthusiasm was fired by this meeting, and she and her cousin were both made Associates of the Bloemfontein Mission."From that time, when she was only fifteen, until her death nearly fifty years afterwards, she gave her prayers, her thoughts, her time, and finally herself to the Bloemfontein Mission, and died in its cause."

Going to South Africa

In 1870 Bishop Allan Becher Webb was made Bishop of Bloemfontein, and before he went out he visited Bole to see Henrietta. A year later the Revd Mr Bevan from the Orange River Mission visited the family and was instrumental in having Herietta's brother go out to the mission at Modderpoort. She followed in due course, responding to a call by Webb for teachers and nurses. Miss Stockdale received some months' training as a nurse at the Clewer Hospital and at the Great Ormond Street Hospital for children. She sailed for South Africa, with other volunteers and in the company of Archdeacon and Mrs Croghan, on 6 March 1874, the same day on which she had, eleven years before, been made an Associate of the Orange River Mission. Landing at Port Elizabeth, the party travelled up to Bloemfontein, where they founded the Community of St Michael and All Angels. When Miss Stockdale was admitted to full membership of the order, about 1875, she took her vows and was henceforth known as Sister Henrietta.

Kimberley and the establishment of Southern Africa's first training school for nurses

Sister Henrietta first went across to Kimberley in the winter of 1876, working as district nurse in the mining camps, and then at Kimberley's new Carnarvon Hospital. She returned to England to recover from typhoid contracted at this time, taking the opportunity to train further at London's University College Hospital. It was on her going back to Kimberley that she established Southern Africa's first training school for nurses at the Carnarvon Hospital. "Inspired and guided by her", wrote Dr Charlotte Searle, "Kimberley nurses moved out to wherever they were needed, establishing hospitals, starting nurses' training schools, and providing nursing care."

Sister Henrietta spent a year as Matron at the St George's Hospital in Bloemfontein (1877), but then returned to Kimberley. In 1880–1881, during the First Boer War, she took charge of the military hospital at Newcastle, Colony of Natal.

State Registration of Nurses

Sister Henrietta registered with the British Trained Nurses' Association in 1890 (she held certificate No 15), and maintained contact with its founder, Mrs Bedford Fenwick, who was an early advocate of State registration of nurses. In South Africa Sister Henrietta persuaded influential figures, notably Dr William Guybon Atherstone of Grahamstown, to back legislation providing for registration of nurses and midwives. This was achieved through the Cape Colony's Medical and Pharmacy Act of 1891.

The Carnarvon and Diggers' Hospitals combined to become the Kimberley Hospital in 1892. Subsidised by the Cape Government, it was enlarged and attracted doctors such as Leander Starr Jameson and John Eddie Mackenzie, who took part in the training of nurses. The Community of St Michael and All Angels withdrew from Kimberley Hospital in 1895, whereafter Sister Henrietta established a maternity nursing home and nursing co-operative at St Michael's Home.

Death
Sister Henrietta died in Kimberley on 6 October 1911, aged 64, and was buried at the Dutoitspan Cemetery.

Commemoration

Windows, statues and grave site
A stained glass window at St Cyprian's Cathedral, installed in the nave soon after her death, was given in memory of Sr Henrietta. In 1970 a statue by Jack Penn, reputedly one of the only statues of a nun, was erected in the cathedral grounds and unveiled by Bishop Philip Wheeldon. A bust, based on the same statue, is situated in the north transept of the Anglican Cathedral in Bloemfontein, where the Community of St Michael and All Angels was founded.

In 1984 the remains of Sister Henrietta, and of two fellow workers also originally buried at Dutoitspan Cemetery, were reinterred at St Cyprian's Cathedral. The graves (with the later addition of the reinterred remains of Archdeacon Lawson) are within a commemorative garden, alongside the statue.

Annual commemorations and centenary
Over a number of years, Sister Henriettta has come to be remembered annually in Kimberley. The St Cyprian's Guild at the cathedral, in association with the Historical Society of Kimberley and the Northern Cape, organised services led by cathedral clergy and choir at the Sister Henrietta Stockdale Chapel (at the hospital), on 6 October each year. The anniversary of her death is fixed in the calendar of saints of the Anglican Church of Southern Africa, which also provides a collect for Sister Henrietta CSM & AA.

The centenary of her death in 2011 was marked with a Health and Wellness Day on the lawns at St Cyprian's Cathedral and a Thanksgiving Mass in the cathedral at which Bishop Oswald Swartz presided and preached. In the spirit of Sister Henrietta's vision, and with links thus rekindled with health and medical services in the city, the cathedral promotes and co-ordinates this new pattern of commemoration through health screening, education and career guidance, combined with a symbolic element of thanksgiving and wreath-laying.

Institutions and awards
The Henrietta Stockdale Training College for nurses in Kimberley was named in recognition of this pioneer nurse who initiated training courses for nurses at Kimberley Hospital and was instrumental in obtaining state registration for nurses and midwives in the Cape Colony in 1891. It had been through her work that South Africa became the first country in the world to legally recognise nursing education, approve nursing schools and provide statutory curricula and examinations for nurses.

The South African Nursing Association established a prize, the Henrietta Stockdale Floating Trophy at the University of the Witwatersrand, which is awarded to students achieving the highest level of professional maturity during the four-year nursing degree at the university.

Sister Henrietta Stockdale Chapel
The Kimberley Hospital Chapel, built in her time at the hospital (with a dedication to St Michael), was declared a provincial heritage site in 1963 (now a Provincial Heritage Site) and is known as the "Sister Henrietta Stockdale Chapel".

In 1887 Sister Henrietta had proposed that the Sisterhood's existing oratory should be converted into four bedrooms, owing to the demand for extra wards as well as extra accommodation for nurses. She then sought public subscription and mining company support for the building of a new Chapel and purchase of an organ, plans being approved by 5 July 1887. By St Michael's Day, 29 September that same year, the new chapel had been completed and was furnished and ready for its dedication. Furnishings include stained glass windows depicting St Michael the Archangel, and the Angels Gabriel, Uriel and others. Initially the property of the Anglican Church, open for use by any denomination, it was deemed from 1947 to be property of the Kimberley Hospital. Memorial plaques within the chapel were erected in memory of nursing members and associates of the Community of St Michael and All Angels as well as nursing and medical staff of the Kimberley Hospital spanning the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Assessment
Dr Charlotte Searle has described Sister Henrietta as a "remarkable woman, who laid the foundation of professional nursing and modern hospital organisation in Southern Africa ... [she] was regarded as a saint by some, and as a keen business woman politician by others. She had a fearless approach to the political questions of the day, and never hesitated to enlist the aid of a Royal Princess when she felt that nursing and the care of the sick were threatened."

Assessing her impact after a hundred years, in October 2011, the Dean of Kimberley, the Very Revd Simon Aiken, said that "Sister Henrietta's legacy is the living, active, ongoing delivery of healthcare to ordinary people, most especially the marginalised who might not have access to such opportunities."

References

1847 births
1911 deaths
19th-century British Anglican nuns
20th-century British Anglican nuns
Anglican saints
South African Anglicans
People from Gringley on the Hill
People from Kimberley, Northern Cape
South African nurses

Henrietta Stockdale


John Courtney Murray  (September 12, 1904 – August 16, 1967) was an American Jesuit priest and theologian who was especially known for his efforts to reconcile Catholicism and religious pluralism and particularly focused on the relationship between religious freedom and the institutions of a democratically-structured modern state.

During the Second Vatican Council, he played a key role in persuading the assembly of the Catholic bishops to adopt the Council's ground-breaking Declaration on Religious Liberty, Dignitatis humanae.

Early life and education
John Courtney Murray was born in New York City on September 12, 1904. In 1920, he entered the New York province of the Society of Jesus after attending Xavier High School. He studied Classics and Philosophy at Boston College. He obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1926 and 1927, respectively. Following After graduation, he traveled to the Philippines, where he taught Latin and English literature at the Ateneo de Manila.

Career
In 1930, Murray returned to the United States. He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1933. He pursued further studies at the Gregorian University in Rome and in 1937 completed a doctorate in sacred theology.

After his return from Rome to the United States, just before the beginning of World War II, he joined the Jesuit theologate in Woodstock, Maryland and taught Catholic trinitarian theology. In 1940, Murray still fully supported the Catholic doctrine that there was no salvation outside the Church.

In 1941, he was named editor of the Jesuit journal Theological Studies. He held both positions until his death.

As representative of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and consultant to the religious affairs section of the Allied High Commission, he helped draft and promote the 1943 Declaration on World Peace, an interfaith statement of principles for postwar reconstruction. He successfully promoted a close constitutional arrangement between the restored German state and the Church, which included the sharing of tax revenue with the churches.

By 1944, Murray's endorsement of full co-operation with other theists led many Catholics to complain that he endangered American Catholic faith, which then recommended minimal co-operation with non-Catholics for fear that lay Catholic faith would be weakened.

Similarly, Murray advocated religious freedom and pluralism as defined and protected by the First Amendment of the US Constitution, which contradicted Catholic doctrines of church-and-state relations before Vatican II.

Postwar reconstruction

His background and training suggest a heavily-theoretical bent, but Murray became a leading public figure, and his work dealt primarily with the tensions between religion and public life. His best-known book, We Hold These Truths: Catholic Reflections on the American Proposition (1960), collects a number of his essays on such topics.

In 1951 to 1952, after a lectureship at Yale University, he collaborated on a project with Robert Morrison MacIver of Columbia University to assess academic freedom and religious education in American public universities. Ultimately, the proposal argued for public aid to private schools and for sympathetic exposure of religious faiths in public schools. The project was both nationally influential and personally formative, as it deepened Murray's understanding of and esteem for American constitutional law.

In his increasingly public role, several American bishops consulted Murray on legal issues such as censorship and birth control. He argued against what he saw as the reactionary and coercive practices of some Catholic bishops and instead advocated participation in substantive public debate, which he suggested offered a better appeal to public virtue. Instead of civic coercion, he argued, presenting moral opinions in the context of public discourse enabled Americans to deepen their moral commitments and to safeguard the "genius" of American freedoms.

From 1958 to 1962, he served at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and applied just war criteria to Soviet-American relations.

Throughout the 1950s Murray promoted his ideas in Catholic journals where they received heavy criticism from the leading Catholic thinkers of the day. Msgr Fenton was the most prominent of those that opposed Murray as Murray's line was much closer to Americanism, which had been condemned by Leo XIII. Murray had the advantage of being friends with Clare Boothe Luce, the US ambassador to Italy and the second wife of Henry Luce, the prominent magazine magnate. Murray's ideas were featured in Henry Luce's Time magazine, most prominently on December 12, 1960, when Murray graced the cover in a feature about US Catholics and the State. Henry Luce was a prominent Republican and close friends with John Foster Dulles, the father of Avery Dulles, SJ, who was known to be sympathetic to Murray's theology and with CIA Director Allen Dulles, who was John's brother. The CIA then sought to use the news media to influence public opinion during the Cold War. Murray's liberal approach to religious liberty and the traditionally-strong Catholic opposition to communism were useful in the global battle against communism, especially in Latin America and other Catholic strongholds. After his death in 1967, his obituary in Time declared that he had been responsible for incorporating /the US secular doctrines of church-state separation and freedom of conscience in to the spiritual tradition of Roman Catholicism" despite the efforts of the "ultra conservative" faction in the Church.

Tensions with the Vatican, 1954
By the late 1940s, Murray argued that Catholic teaching on church-and-state relations was inadequate to the "moral functioning" of contemporary peoples. The Anglo-American West, he claimed, had developed a fuller truth about human dignity, which was the responsibility of all citizens to assume "moral control" over their own religious beliefs and to wrest control from paternalistic states. That truth was an "intention of nature" or a new dictate of natural law philosophy.

Murray's claim that a "new moral truth" had emerged outside the Church led to conflict with Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, Pro-Secretary of the Vatican Holy Office. In 1954, the Vatican demanded for Murray to end both writing on religious freedom and publishing his two latest articles on the issue.

Second Vatican Council, 1963
In spite of his silencing, Murray continued to write privately on religious liberties and submitted his works to Rome, all of which were rejected.

In 1963, he was invited to the second but not the first session of the Second Vatican Council in which he drafted the third and the fourth versions of a document on religious freedom.

In 1965, the document eventually became the Council's endorsement of religious freedom Dignitatis humanae personae. He continued to write on the issue by claiming that the arguments offered by the final decree were inadequate even if the affirmation of religious freedom was unequivocal.

In 1966, prompted by the Vietnam War, he was appointed to serve on Lyndon Johnson's presidential commission, which reviewed Selective Service classifications. He supported the allowance of a classification for those opposed on moral grounds to some but not all wars, but that recommendation was not accepted by the Selective Service Administration.

Murray then turned to questions of how the Church might arrive at new theological doctrines. He argued that Catholics who arrived at new truths about God would have to do so in conversation "on a footing of equality" with non-Catholics and atheists. He suggested greater reforms, including a restructuring of the Church, which he saw as having overdeveloped its notion of authority and hierarchy at the expense of the bonds of love that had from the start defined the authentically Christian life.

Death
In August 1967, Murray died of a heart attack in Queens, New York, one month before his 63rd birthday.

References

Further reading
 Baxter, Michael J. "John Courtney Murray." The Blackwell Companion to Political Theology (2004): 150-164. online

 Bersnak, P. Bracy. "John Courtney Murray, SJ, and the Development of Doctrine." Catholic Social Science Review 27 (2022): 57-68. online

 Cadeddu, Francesca. "A call to action: John Courtney Murray, SJ, and the renewal of American democracy." Catholic Historical Review (2015): 530-553. online

 Cadeddu, Francesca. "John Courtney Murray." The Oxford Handbook of Reinhold Niebuhr (Oxford University Press, 2021) pppp. 180-198. online

 Curran, Charles E. Catholic moral theology in the United States: A history (Georgetown University Press, 2008) online.

 Diaz, Miguel H. "An Unfinished Project: John Courtney Murray, Religious Freedom and Unresolved Tensions in Contemporary American Society." Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 50 (2018): 1+. online

 Ferguson, Thomas P. Catholic and American: the political theology of John Courtney Murray (Rowman & Littlefield, 1993). online

 Hollenbach, David. "Religious Freedom, Morality and Law: John Courtney Murray Today." Journal of Moral Theology 1.1 (2012): 69-91. online
 Hooper, J. Leon, and Todd Whitmore, eds. John Courtney Murray & the growth of tradition (Rowman & Littlefield, 1996). online

 Komonchak, Joseph A. "The American Contribution to" Dignitatis Humanae": The Role of John Courtney Murray, SJ." US Catholic Historian 24.1 (2006): 1-20. online
 Lovin, Robin W. "Religious Freedom and Public Argument: John Courtney Murray on the American Proposition." Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 50 (2018): 25+. online
 Whelan, Gerard. "John Courtney Murray on Church and State." Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review 106.421 (2017): 70-94. online

 Witte, John, and Frank S. Alexander, eds. The teachings of modern Roman Catholicism on law, politics, and human nature (Columbia University Press, 2007).

External links
Published and Unpublished Works woodstock.georgetown.edu
Essays on Murray's Thought woodstock.georgetown.edu
A compilation of writings by and about Fr. John Courtney Murray, SJ. johncourtneymurray.blogspot.com

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John Courtney Murray