Outlook Express, formerly known as Microsoft Internet Mail and News, is a discontinued email and news client included with Internet Explorer versions 3.0 through 6.0. As such, it was bundled with several versions of Microsoft Windows, from Windows 98 to Windows Server 2003, and was available for Windows 3.x, Windows NT 3.51, Windows 95, Mac System 7, Mac OS 8, and Mac OS 9. In Windows Vista, Outlook Express was superseded by Windows Mail.

Outlook Express is a different application from Microsoft Outlook. The two programs do not share a common codebase, but they do share a common architectural philosophy. The similar names lead many people to conclude incorrectly that Outlook Express is a stripped-down version of Microsoft Outlook. Outlook Express uses the Windows Address Book to store contact information and integrates tightly with it.

History

Version 1.0 was released as Microsoft Internet Mail and News in 1996 following the Internet Explorer 3 release. This add-on precedes the Internet Mail profile for Microsoft Exchange 4.0 bundled in Windows 95. Version 2.0 was released at the end of 1996. Internet Mail and News handled only plain text and rich text (RTF) email, lacking HTML email.

In 1997 the program was changed and renamed to Outlook Express and bundled with Internet Explorer 4. The Windows executable file for Outlook Express, msimn.exe, is a holdover from the Internet Mail and News era. Like Internet Explorer, Outlook Express 4 can run on Mac System 7, OS 8, and OS 9.

Internet Explorer 5 required Outlook Express 5 to save Web Archive files (see MHTML).

Outlook Express 6 is the last version of the software with Outlook branding. It has a similar layout to Outlook Express 5. It was included with Windows XP.

Supported file formats

 .DBX – Outlook Express Email Folder
.EMAIL - Outlook Express Email Message
 .EML - E-Mail Message
 .IDX - Outlook Express Mailbox Index File
 .MBX - Outlook Express Mailbox
 .MIM - Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Message File
 .MIME - Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extension
 .MS-TNEF - MS Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format
 .NCH - Outlook Express Folder File
 .ODS - Outlook Express 5 Mailbox (not to be confused with OpenDocument spreadsheet file)
 .OEB - Outlook Express Backup Wizard File
 .PAB - Personal Address Book
 .PST - Outlook Personal Information Store File
 .SIG - Signature File
 .VCF - vCard File
 .WAB - Windows Address Book

Versions for Windows

 Microsoft Internet Mail and News 1.0 was released in 1996 with Internet Explorer 3.
 Microsoft Internet Mail and News 2.0 was released later in 1996.
 Outlook Express 4.0, which was included in Windows 98 (June 1998) and integrated with Internet Explorer 4, stored messages in *.mbx files (similar to the Mbox format used in Unix-based systems).
 Outlook Express 5.0, which was included in Windows 98 Second Edition (SE) (June 1999) and integrated with Internet Explorer 5, switched to *.dbx files, with a separate file for each mailbox folder.
 Outlook Express 5.01 was included in Windows 2000 (February 2000)  and integrated with Internet Explorer 5.01.
 Outlook Express 5.5 was included in Windows Me (June 2000) and integrated with Internet Explorer 5.5.
 Outlook Express 6.0 was included in Windows XP (October 2001) and integrated with Internet Explorer 6.

Versions for Mac

 Outlook Express 4.0 was included in Microsoft Office 98 Macintosh Edition.
 Outlook Express 5.01 was integrated with Internet Explorer 5.
 Outlook Express 5.01 was bundled with Internet Explorer 5.01.
 Outlook Express 5.5 was bundled with Internet Explorer 5.5.

Replacements

Builds of "Outlook Express 7" appeared in early builds of Windows Vista when in development as "Longhorn". It relied on WinFS for the management and storage of contacts and other data.

The final version of Vista included a successor to Outlook Express known as Windows Mail (Vista).

Criticism

Email standards
Beginning with the text-based Unix Mail command, email traditionally used the inline or bottom posting styles when replying to messages. Outlook Express, as well as Lotus Notes and Microsoft Outlook, top-post (show replies newest to oldest) by default.

Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange use a proprietary email attachment format called Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format (TNEF) to handle formatting and other features specific to Outlook such as meeting requests. Outlook Express and other email clients are unable to read this format. This can be confusing to Outlook Express users (as well as those who use other email clients) who receive attachments sent from Outlook.

Database corruption
Outlook Express has been prone to a number of problems which can corrupt its files database, especially when the database increases in size due to an increasing number of stored emails and during database compaction. This has led to a thriving market for software that can back up, restore and recover corrupted files. An open-source project called UnDBX was also created, which seems to be successful in recovering corrupt databases. Microsoft has also released documentation which may be able to correct some non-severe problems and restore access to email messages, without resorting to third-party solutions.

Security issues
Outlook Express was one of the earlier email clients to support HTML email and scripts. As a result, emails were commonly infected with viruses. Previously, another security flaw was that a script could automatically be opened as an attachment. Another bug was in Outlook Express's attachment handling that allowed an executable to appear to be a harmless attachment such as a graphics file. Opening or previewing the email could cause code to run without the user's knowledge or consent. Outlook Express uses Internet Explorer to render HTML email. Internet Explorer has been subjected to many security vulnerabilities and concerns.

With Outlook Express SP2 (part of Windows XP SP2), Microsoft has tried to correct the security holes. Outlook Express now blocks images inside emails by default. It uses only the restricted security zone for HTML email, which disables scripts and imposes restrictions on what web content can be rendered. It also warns when opening potentially malicious attachments.

Handling of PGP/MIME signed messages
Outlook Express does not correctly handle MIME, and will not display the body of signed messages inline. Users get a filled email and one attachment (one of the message text and one of the signature) and therefore need to open an attachment to see the email. If the email has been forwarded several times, users need to open attached email messages one inside the other multiple times to reach the parent email message. This bug has still not been rectified.  The proper behavior is described in RFC 1847.
When replying or forwarding a message to a user who has a digital signature, Outlook Express gives an error and does not allow the user to continue if there is no digital signature installed for the sender.

Extensibility
Outlook Express does not have a documented object model like Microsoft Outlook. Programmatic access to, or control of Outlook Express for custom messaging applications or plugins is not officially documented or supported by Microsoft. IStoreNamespace and IStoreFolder interfaces were documented in 2003, but they are only related to the storage.

Some companies have managed to create their plugins hacking the interface using Windows hooks. A significant one was the PGP plugin because it was the only example of a working plugin whose source code was available (licensed under GPL). By 2003, some companies provided commercial solutions to develop add-ins.

Office 2007 spell checker incompatibility
Outlook Express does not have a dedicated spell checker. It can use the spell checkers from Microsoft Office if Office is also installed. However, the Office 2007 spell checkers, except for the French spell checker, are incompatible with Outlook Express. Microsoft has acknowledged this problem, but does not provide any sort of remedy.

Glitches and other unusual aspects
Cancelling sending an email while it is being sent does not effectively prevent it from being sent. Similarly, when importing .PST files, cancelling the import while it is in progress merely cancels the import of the current folder and the import resumes with the next folder. Furthermore, Outlook Express only supports .dbx files that are smaller than 2 GB, and may have performance problems when dealing with files approaching that limit.

See also
 List of Usenet newsreaders
 Comparison of Usenet newsreaders
 Microsoft Mail
 Windows Messaging
 Windows Mail
 Windows Live Mail
 Apple Mail
 Windows 95

References

External links

Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer add-ons
Windows email clients
Classic Mac OS email clients
Usenet clients
Microsoft email software
1996 software
1997 software
Discontinued Windows components

Outlook Express


Bokaro, officially known as Bokaro Steel City (), is a large and planned city in Jharkhand, India. It is the fourth most populous city in the state and one of the first planned cities of India. Bokaro is the administrative headquarters of Bokaro district. The city is located on the banks of Garga River and on the fringes of Bokaro river and is surrounded by hill ranges at Giridih and Ramgarh districts. It is one of the most peaceful cities in India. As per 2011 census, the city's population was 563,417 and 1,100,000 of its metropolitan area. The city span across 183 km in geographic area.

Marafari is the oldest settlement in Bokaro which was just a village during the time of Mughals and Sultanates. The nearby cities of Purulia was ruled by Maharaja of Kashipur. Manbhum region also covered Bokaro which was ruled by Mughal and Sultanates. After independence, it became a part of Bihar state. Bokaro Steel City is the headquarters of the Bokaro District as well as Koylanchal range (Bokaro, Dhanbad and Giridih) and is also one of the headquarters of the Police IG zone, apart from Ranchi and Dumka, covering seven districts- Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, Giridih, Koderma, Chatra, Bokaro, and Ramgarh (North Chotanagpur Division).

Bokaro has emerged as a commercial, industrial, healthcare, sports, educational and startup hub. It is India's first global active city (GAC). The city hosts tourist spots such as Jawaharlal Nehru Biological Park, Pindrajora, Tenughat Dam etc. It has multiple big corporations operating such as Steel Authority of India, Bharat Coking Coal Limited, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Damodar Valley Corporation, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, INOX Group, Jaypee Cement, Orica, Vedanta Resources, Dalmia Cement, Electrosteel Castings and various other industries. It lies on the mineral-rich Chota Nagpur Plateau and a Coal Bed Methane(Gas) reserves of 45 billion cubic metres. It has one of the most important coalfields of India in nearby areas which are Jharia, Kulti, West Bokaro, East Bokaro and Ramgarh.

Geography
Bokaro district consists of undulating uplands on the Chota Nagpur Plateau with the Damodar River cutting a valley right across. It has an average elevation of  above mean sea level. The highest hill, Lugu Pahar, rises to a height of . The East Bokaro Coalfield located in the Bermo-Phusro area and small intrusions of Jharia Coalfield make Bokaro a coal rich district.  In 1965, one of the largest steel manufacturing units in the country, Bokaro Steel Plant, operated by Steel Authority of India Limited, was set-up at Bokaro Steel City. The Damodar Valley Corporation established its first thermal power station at Bokaro (Thermal). The  long,  high earthfill dam with composite masonry cum concrete spillway, Tenughat Dam, across the Damodar River, is operated by the Government of Jharkhand. The average annual rainfall is . The soil is generally infertile and agriculture is mostly rain-fed.

Bokaro Steel City is located at . The city stands at an elevation of  above sea level and has an urban area of . Bounded on the east by Dhanbad and Purulia, on the west by Ramgarh and Hazaribagh, on the north by Giridih and on the south by Ranchi. It is accessible through National Highway NH 320 & NH-18. The city has the total area of 183 km. It includes the suburban area of Chas Municipal Corporation. There are many national highways crossing the city of Bokaro. Each sector has shopping centres, playgrounds, schools, recreational areas and health centres as entire city is planned with avenues and residential areas as well as commercial areas. Bokaro was one of the first planned cities in the state of Jharkhand.

Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bokaro Steel City is the 86th largest urban agglomeration in India, and the 4th largest city in Jharkhand.

According to the 2011 Census of India, Bokaro Steel City Urban Agglomeration had a total population of 563,417, of which males were 299,232 and females 264,185. Bokaro Steel City Urban Agglomeration is composed of Bokaro Steel City (Census Town), Chas (Nagar Nigam) and Bandhgora (CT). The UA had an effective literacy rate (7+ population) of 84.87%, with male literacy of 92.27% and female literacy of 76.50%. A new metropolitan area of Bokaro has been planned named Greater Bokaro and population is expected to be around 1,100,000.

Bokaro Steel City had a population of 413,934, of which males were 220,088 and females were 193,846. Population in the age range of 0-6 was 48,834. The effective literacy rate (7+ population) was 84.94%, with male literacy of 92.35% and female literacy of 76.54%.

The major languages spoken are Hindi,  Khortha,  Urdu, Bengali, Santhali and Maithili with Hindi and Santali have official status and Urdu as second official language. A Russian colony was located in the city housing Soviet communities. Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu speaking and various other South Indian communities also settled in the city.

Infrastructure
According to the District Census Handbook 2011, Bokaro, Bokaro Steel City  covered an area of 162.91 km2. Among the civic amenities, it had 415 km roads with both open and closed drains, the protected water supply involved tapwater from treated and untreated sources, overhead tank, service reservoir. It had 67,083 domestic electric connections, 10,283 road lighting points. Among the medical facilities, it had 9 hospitals (with 1,200 beds), 2 dispensaries, 2 health centres, 1 family welfare centre, 1 maternity and child welfare centre, 1 maternity home, 5 nursing homes (with 120 beds), 30 medicine shops. It had 1 polytechnic, 2 recognised shorthand, typewriting and vocational training centres, 1 non-formal educational centre (Sarva Siksha Abhiyan). Among the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 2 stadiums, 3 cinema theatres, 8 auditorium/ community halls, 9 public libraries, 9 reading rooms. An important commodity it produced was steel products. It had the branch offices of 30 nationalised banks, 12 private commercial banks, 1 cooperative bank.

Economy

The economy of the city is primarily dependent on the integrated steel plant established by Steel Authority of India . The Bokaro Steel Plant was established with the collaboration of Soviet Union when the First Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru desired to establish a steel plant in the region. Bokaro Steel Plant expansion to extend its capacity from 4.5 million metric tons to 7.5 million metric tonnes in 2010-2011.

Vedanta Electrosteel Castings Limited - A Kolkata-based water pipe manufacturer acquired  of land  from the city and has erected its 2.2 MTPA steel plant. The company has invested close to Rs 80 Bn (US$1.6 Bn) on this project which was operational from 2010.

ONGC Bokaro operates the Bokaro Coal Bed Methane (CBM) block BK-CBM-2001/1 with 80 per cent stake while the remaining 20 per cent is with Indian Oil Corp (IOC). It plans to invest ₨ 8.23 billion from 2017 to 2018 to achieve a peak production of 0.9 million standard cubic meters per day. Dalmia Cement Bharat Limited (DCBL) operates a 1.5 Million Tonne cement plant at Bokaro utilising slag supply from Bokaro Steel Plant.

Future projects
SAIL-POSCO JV Steel Plant: Steel minister Sri Virbhadra Singh has announced another new steel plant for Bokaro as part of a joint venture with Posco and SAIL by using FINEX technologies for high quality steel. The capacity of the plant will be 1.5 mt, establish in BSP periphery of .

Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited - BPCL will set up a LPG bottling plant and POL (petroleum, oil and lubricants) terminal in Bokaro, the foundation stone of which was laid on 11 August 2019.

Software Technology Parks of India - STPI will setup an IT Park.

Transport

Air

The nearest commercial airport is at Ranchi, named Birsa Munda Airport, at a distance of 120 km.
Bokaro Airport is an unserviced airport with no scheduled commercial flights. However, the Government of India has planned to connect Bokaro to the regional hub of Patna and an international airport in Kolkata through the UDAN regional airport development scheme, opening the airport up could see commercial flights by 2023.

SpiceJet airline has been awarded under the second phase of the UDAN Scheme to cater unserved market of Bokaro.SpiceJet starts direct flight between Kolkata and Lilabari under UDAN scheme

Railway

Bokaro Steel City railway station lies at the edge of the Jharia Coalfield and serves the residents of Bokaro and the surrounding mining-industrial area. It is a A-category railway station, with amenities including escalators, A.C waiting rooms, a food court, charging points, a foot over-bridge, and computerised ticket reservation counters. The railway station is operated by the South Eastern Railway of the Indian Railways, and provides connectivity to neighbouring states and major metropolitan areas such as Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai.

Road
Dhanbad-Bokaro-Ranchi-Jamshedpur Mega Industrial Corridor Expressway was completed till Bokaro in 2018 and Bokaro-Dhanbad expansion to 6 lanes was completed in 2022. Bokaro Bus Stand is a private bus stand and land acquisition is being done in Sector-12 for new bus stand. National Highway-18 (old NH-32) and National Highway-23 which is a 4-laned till Purulia.

Education
 Among the educational facilities it had 43 primary schools, 44 middle schools, 45 secondary schools, 22 senior secondary schools, 3 general degree colleges. Bokaro Ispat Vidyalayas are a set of schools in the city of Bokaro is run by the Education Department of Bokaro Steel Limited. Popular schools in the city are- DAV Public School, Delhi Public School, Chinmaya Vidyalaya, St. Xavier's School and Guru Gobind Singh Public School.

Sports
 Mohan Kumar Mangalam Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in sector 4, the heart of the city.
 Senapati Cricket Stadium and cricket academy was constructed in 1995 and is currently maintained by Steel Authority of India.

Gallery

Notable people

 Shabnam Asthana, public relation expert, speaker and entrepreneur.
 Arundhati Bhattacharya, banker and former chairperson of the State Bank of India
 Kumar Deobrat, Ranchi Jharkhand team captain
 Prakash Jha, Bollywood producer, actor, director and screenwriter
 Chetan Joshi, Indian classical musician
 Sumit Kumar, cricketer of Jharkhand team
 Shahbaz Nadeem, Indian cricketer and member of Delhi Daredevils player.
 Sambit Patra, politician, BJP national spokesperson
 Samresh Singh, former MP and minister
 Shishir Parkhie - A widely acclaimed Indian Ghazal Singer, Composer & Live Performer.
 Peter Thangaraj, Indian footballer, Olympian and Arjuna awardee
 Imran Zahid, Bollywood actor & theatre artist

References

External links

 Bokaro District website
 Bokaro in Wikimapia

Steel Authority of India
Cities and towns in Bokaro district

Bokaro Steel City


Mike Bushell (born 5 July 1989) is a British racing driver. In 2013, Bushell competed in the British Touring Car Championship for the first time, driving for IP Tech Race Engineering in their Chevrolet Cruze NGTC car at Knockhill in place of Andy Neate. He returned to the series in 2015 with AmD Tuning, after winning the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom in 2014.

Bushell has since returned to the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom for 2016 after failing to secure raise the budget needed to retain a seat in the British Touring Car Championship.

Alongside racing, Bushell is a keen programmer and is developing solo the upcoming title ARENA 3D, which is set to be released via the Steam Store in 2017.

Racing career
Bushell began his racing career in 2004 in karting, with his father stepping aside after winning a British Endurance Karting title. These early years were spent competing at club level with the occasional entry into national level events.

In 2011 Bushell moved to circuit racing and competed in 5 rounds of the UK Ford Fiesta Championship, with a first ever podium achieved at the final round at Brands Hatch.

Bushell entered as a privateer in 2012 for the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom under MBR (Mike Bushell Racing). Results were difficult to come by with limited circuit racing experience and lack of knowledge with car set up in such a competitive series. A move to Westbourne Motorsport for the final round at Brands Hatch resulted in 2nd place and fastest lap after an intense race for the lead in the wet with series ace Stefan Hodgetts.

Returning to the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom for 2013, the season continued with Westbourne Motorsport and Bushell achieved his first pole position in the series at the first round. This early showing of pace resulted in the KX Academy selecting Bushell to be part of their programme and subsequently moved to Scuderia Vittoria partnering long term rival Ant Whorton-Eales and Stefan Hodgetts. The partnership was short lived with differences of opinion and poor results. The contract was not renewed after its initial run of three races and Bushell switched to reigning champions Team Pyro for the final round, with an immediate return to the podium. Scoring more points than the eventual 2013 champion in the same team.

Bushell remained with Team Pyro for the 2014 season which was the first year to introduce the new Renault Clio Mk IV. After achieving his first win in the series at Thruxton, Bushell went on to win a total of four races and clinch the championship after a season long duel with Josh Cook.

AmD Tuning signed Bushell for the 2015 season. With limited testing due to a heart illness in early February and a small budget throughout the season, only a handful of points finishes were attained with a season best finish of 10th place at Snetterton. A heavy accident at Thruxton resulted in a dislocated hip and extensive repair bill, affecting the budget for the following season.

2016 brought about a return to the Renault Clio Cup United Kingdom with former team Team Pyro.

Bushell competed in the BTCC in 2018 for a second full season, being more successful in the championship than the previous year, scoring 59 points. In 2019, Bushell left the team which allowed Jack Goff to continue in the series. After Sam Tordoff left the championship in 2019, Bushell took his spot in a Honda Civic Type R, driving for Cobra Sport AmD AutoAid/RCIB Insurance. Bushell will return to Team HARD for the 2020 season.

Racing record

Complete British Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1 point awarded just in first race; races in italics indicate fastest lap – 1 point awarded all races; * signifies that driver led race for at least one lap – 1 point given all races)

References

Living people
Sportspeople from Sheffield
English racing drivers
British Touring Car Championship drivers
1989 births
Renault UK Clio Cup drivers

Mike Bushell (racing driver)


Alexander Alexandrovich Majorov (, born 19 July 1991) is a Swedish retired figure skater. He is the 2017 Winter Universiade bronze medalist, the 2011 World Junior bronze medalist, a five-time Nordic champion (2011–14 and 2016), and a four-time Swedish national champion (2012–14, 2017). His best finish at the European Championships is 6th (2013). He was 14th at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Personal life
Majorov was born on 19 July 1991 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. When he was an infant, his family began spending half a year in Sweden and half in Russia, settling in Luleå when he was six years old. His father, Alexander senior, is a figure skating coach, who was the first coach of Alexei Yagudin. His mother, Irina Majorova, runs a dance and ballet school in Luleå. He has a younger brother, Nikolaj, who also competes in figure skating.

Majorov holds dual Swedish and Russian citizenship and speaks both languages. He has a degree in physiotherapy. He is a bone marrow donor for his father, who was diagnosed with severe MDS in June 2015 and acute leukaemia a few months later.

Career
Majorov began competing on the ISU Junior Grand Prix series in 2005. He made his senior international debut at the 2007 Golden Spin of Zagreb, placing 11th, but continued competing also on the junior level.

In the 2009–10 season, Majorov was eighth at the 2010 World Junior Championships and ended his season by winning the senior silver medal at the Triglav Trophy.

In 2010–11, Majorov won his first JGP medal, bronze, at the JGP in Ostrava. He also won two senior events, the Ice Challenge in Graz and the 2010 NRW Trophy. In March 2011, he won the bronze medal at the World Junior Championships. It was Sweden's first ISU Championships medal in 74 years. Majorov had back problems in 2011.

In the 2011–12 season, Majorov finished 11th at the 2012 European Championships and 26th at the 2012 World Championships.

In 2012–13, Majorov was 6th at the 2013 European Championships and 18th at the 2013 World Championships.

In the 2015–16 season, Majorov placed 8th at the 2015 CS Finlandia Trophy and won silver medals at two events – the International Cup of Nice and Volvo Open Cup. To prepare for his father's treatment, one bag of blood was drawn from the skater a week before the Volvo Open Cup and another a week before the 2015 Rostelecom Cup, from which he withdrew. He withdrew from the Swedish Championships to recover after an operation to extract bone marrow for his father. Majorov won gold at the Nordics Open in February 2016. His withdrawal from the 2016 World Championships in Boston followed the detection of a precursor to a stress fracture of the pelvis.

Programs

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Detailed results
Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. At team events, medals awarded for team results only.

References

External links

Alexander Majorov  at Skate Sweden

Swedish male single skaters
1991 births
Living people
Figure skaters from Saint Petersburg
Russian emigrants to Sweden
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Luleå
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for Sweden
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Universiade bronze medalists for Sweden
Competitors at the 2017 Winter Universiade

Alexander Majorov


Wall clouds (or pedestal clouds) are localized, large and persistent lowering cloud formations that develop below the rain-free region of thunderstorms. Rotating wall clouds are indicative of mesocyclones in thunderstorms. Wall clouds do not always rotate, though.

Wall clouds are formed by a process known as entrainment, when an inflow of warm, moist air rises and overpowers rain-cooled air during a downwind downdraft.

References

Severe weather
Clouds

Wall cloud


Whips and Roses is a collection of previously unreleased material from the 1975 rock album Teaser by Tommy Bolin. Released on April 25, 2006, it features newly discovered takes from songs found on Teaser as well as several instrumental jams heard for the first time on this album.

Songs

Previously released
Several songs on Whips and Roses were originally released on the album Teaser. These versions are remixed from alternate takes remaining from the Teaser sessions. Many of these new renditions feature extended arrangements and radically alternate guitar solos from the original album.

Teaser tracks:
 Teaser
 Wild Dogs
 Savannah Woman
 Marching Powder
 Dreamer

Though not originally featured on Teaser, the song "Crazed Fandango" was recorded for the album but was not released until the 1996 compilation From the Archives, Vol. 1. A new version of this song, simply titled "Fandango", also appears on Whips and Roses.

Studio jams
In addition to alternate versions of previously released songs, Whips and Roses features two never before heard instrumental jams from the same sessions. Both tunes showcase Bolin's unique style of blending many genres of music into one cohesive performance. "Cookoo" features elements of the Teaser instrumental "Homeward Strut", and "Flyin' Fingers" contains a segment of "Cucumber Slumber" from the Weather Report album Mysterious Traveller.

Live tracks
The final two tracks of Whips and Roses are live tracks of historic significance to Bolin's career. "Just Don't Fall Down", is in fact a song from Bolin's 1972 band Energy called "Hoka Hey". The album's final track, "Blowin' Your Cookies", is a jam that took place on December 2, 1976, less than two days before Bolin would die of a drug overdose. The remaining musicians from this session were the band of a Miami hotel club called the Seven Seas Lounge.

Track listing
 Teaser  – 4:48
 Fandango  – 6:13
 Wild Dogs   – 8:31
 Cookoo  – 4:55
 Savannah Woman  – 3:46
 Marching Powder  – 5:49
 Flyin' Fingers  – 15:56
 Dreamer  – 5:23
 Just Don't Fall Down  – 10:43
 Blowin' Your Cookies  – 12:09

References

2006 albums
Tommy Bolin albums
Albums published posthumously

Whips and Roses


Wallachen is an Old Bavarian card game which used to be very popular in eastern Bavaria. Although, by 2012, it had become a rarer sight at pub tables, there have been more recent moves to revive it. Wallachen is a relatively simple three-hander that is easy to learn. As a result, like Grasobern, it has a relatively relaxed character without the mental demands of Schafkopf or the psychological stress of Watten. It is a member of the Préférence family of card games.

History and distribution
Wallachen appears to have originally come from the Bohemian area. It emerges in the literature as early as 1784, as Wallacho or Walacho, when it was added along with Macao to a long list of banned gambling games across the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is locally banned in Bohemia in 1830, and continues to be banned until at least 1851 in Austria-Hungary In a 1798 account, Wallachen is played under the name of Preference in order to "thumb the nose" at the law. The game is not dissimilar to the widely popular Préférence for which Piatnik continue to produce bespoke packs today.

In 1853, the Lower Bavarian Historical Society reported that Bavarians were "lovers of all games and especially card games." Certain games were as regionally defined as village costumes and modes of house construction. "For example, the game of Wallach (Wallachspiel) is played from the eastern Tyrol down to this area [ Landshut ] as a unique folk game", yet west of the upper Inn and the lower Isar it is not known under that name.

In 1875, Wallachen is described as a favourite pastime of certain gentlemen in Bavarian Vilsbiburg along with Quadrille and Stichbrandeln. And again, in the Rott valley during the early 19th century, a favourite pastime of the men was playing cards of which Wallachen was one of the most common, alongside Stichbrandeln and Zwicken. The farmers often played late into the night, despite the presence of local policemen. Their wives did not approve of this and often gave told their menfolk off in no uncertain terms and with choice expressions.

The game goes under various other names depending on the region, for example in the area of Grafenau in eastern Bavaria it is also called Säbeln ("Sabre"). Other spelling variants include Wallach, Wallacha, Walachen, Wallachan (Bavarian) or Wallachern. According to Rohrmayer (2015), after Schafkopf and Watten, Wallachen is probably still the most widely played card game in Old Bavaria (especially East Bavaria including Regensburg) and therefore an indispensable part of Bavarian pub culture. The terminology for the contracts - Brand, Bettel and Mord - may be derived from the old German game of Brandeln, which dates to the 17th century.

Courses were being run in places like Schierling as recently as 2019.

Cards

Like Schafkopf, Wallachen is played with German playing cards of the Bavarian pattern. These are usually marketed as Tarock/Schafkopf packs of 36 cards. The Sixes are removed as in Schafkopf and Grasobern.

Aim
The aim is to win six or more tricks out of a total of ten. Players usually play for small sums of money, but they may also keep score by using counters or recording points.

Card ranking

Trick-taking power
For trick-taking the cards rank as follows (from highest to lowest): Sow (Sau) (Deuce, marked "A") > King > Ober > Unter > 10 > 9 > 8 > 7.

Trumps
In the normal game, the card led to the first trick determines the trump suit for the hand. Within the trump suit cards rank as shown above and all trumps outrank other suit cards. There are no trumps in Bettel and Mord.

Playing

Dealing
Dealer shuffles the pack, offers it to middlehand to cut and then deals ten cards each, either in two packets of 5 or in two packets of 4 and one of 2 or in three packets of 3, 4 and 3 cards respectively. Two cards are then dealt to a start. Each player has a doubling token such as a coin or matchbox in front of them. After the first 3 cards have been dealt to each player, the deal is paused while players look at these cards, and any player may 'double' (doppeln) the stake by pushing their token called the Doppler (formerly a matchbox, usually a coin) forwards. For example if all three players do this the stake is multiplied by 8 for this deal.

Auction
The player to the left of the dealer, forehand, begins the auction by  announcing whether to will "play" (ich spiele) or "pass" (weiter). If forehand plays and the other two players agree and forehand does not raise the bid, forehand becomes the declarer and has to take six tricks to win. If, however, the next player in clockwise order, middlehand, also wants to play, he has to outbid forehand by announcing "Seven" (Sieben), which commits him to taking at least seven tricks. Forehand may respond by equalling middlehand's bid with "me too" or "hold" (Selber or ich halte). Forehand and middlehand continue to bid until one gives up by saying "pass". Next, the dealer has the opportunity to outbid the highest bid so far. The highest bidder becomes the declarer and plays against the other two 'defenders'.

Once the bidding reaches the point where two players both bid ten tricks, the next highest bid is a Bettel. Bettel in turn can be outbid by Mord, the highest contract.

Once the declarer (or soloist) has been determined, he may pick up the two cards from the start, choose the most favourable hand and discard two cards, face down, back to  the start. The start plays no further part in the game.

It is possible that the two cards from the start change the soloist's tactics or even undermine them. On the one hand, he may decide to stick with the number of tricks he first announced. On the other hand, he may increase the number of tricks bid, or change his contract to Bettel or Mord (the latter is called Kini in some regions). In Bettel, the player must not take a single trick, in Mord he must take all of them. So Bettel corresponds to Bettel in Schafkopf and Grasoberln or to Null in Skat; Mord corresponds to the Tout from Schafkopf.

Bid summary
From lowest to highest the possible bids are: Six, Seven, Eight, Nine, Bettel, Mord. In Sirch's variant, which may represent an earlier form of the game, there are only three bids: Brand, Beddl [sic] and Mord. This is also the case in Bolachen, however if two players bid a Brand, the player with the higher ranking suit takes precedence (the order from lowest to highest being: Acorns, Leaves, Bells, Hearts).

Raising the game value
Before the end of the first round, players may raise the game value by announcing Kontra or Re. Each Kontra or Re doubles the stakes. For Bettel and Mord there is a higher pre-agreed tariff.

Playing
Once the declarer has decided whether to play the announced game or switch to Bettel or Mord, he discards two unwanted cards to the start and leads to the first trick. The soloist always leads, regardless of his position with respect to the dealer. The led card determines the trump suit and so the two defenders must play a trump if they have one. Players must follow suit and must play a higher card, if able. If unable to follow they must trump and overtrump if possible. Whoever wins the trick leads to the next trick. Players may ask to see the last trick taken by their opponent(s).

In some places, the defenders may indicate a blank card by tapping clearly audibly on the table when discarding the only or last remaining card of a suit.

Scoring
After all the cards have been played, the tricks are counted. The soloist must take at least as many tricks as announced in order to win. If he wins, he receives the pre-agreed stake from each of the  defenders for each trick taken. If the soloist loses, he has to pay the stake for the announced number of tricks to each defender. The game score is calculated as follows: payment = the agreed stake per trick x number of tricks. This game value may, however, be doubled before the game starts through the announcements of "Kontra" and "Re" and/or the Doppeln.

If no player wants to 'play', forehand becomes the soloist. Alternatively, each player may pay an additional stake into the 'pot' for the winner of the next game.

Strategy
The difficulty in Wallachen is in accurately estimating the number of tricks that one can take and then bidding correctly. In addition, the soloist must discard the right cards after picking up the start.

Similarities
Wallachen bears similarities to the four-player game of Brandle as well as Austrian Préférence, indeed Geiser states that Préférence is called Walàcheln or Walàchen in Bavaria. However, a major difference is that there is no suit hierarchy in Wallachen. By contrast, Bavarian Tarock, albeit superficially similar with respect to the dealing of cards and the auction, is a point-trick, Ace-Ten game.

See also
 Bolachen - a simpler version of Wallachen.

Footnotes

References

Literature
 _ (1853). Historischer Verein für Niederbayern: Verhandlungen des Historischen Vereins für Niederbayern. Landshut: J.F. Rietsch.

 Kingdom of Bohemia (1832). Provinzial-Gesetzsammlung des Königreichs Böhmen für das Jahr 1830, Volume 12. Prague: Schönfeld.
 Koppel, Johann (1851). Handbuch der österreichischen Strafgesetze über Vergehen und Übertretungen. Olmüz: Eduard Hölzel.
 Muhr, Gisela (2014). Spritz! Z'rück! un druff! Rheinbach: Regionala.
 Richter, Joseph (1798). Die Wahrheit in Maske, Volume 6. Vienna: Peter Rehm.
 Rohrmayer, Erich (2015). Lerne Wallachen: Eine Spielanleitung für Anfänger, 1st edition. Amberg, Buch & Kunstverlag Oberpfalz.
 Roth, Johann Wenzl (1787). Vollständiger Auszug aller für das Königreich Böheim unter glorreichester Regierung Joseph des Zweyten ergangenen Gesetzen. Vol. 2. Prague: k.k. Normalschulbuchdruckerey.
 Sirch, Walter (2008). Vom Alten zum Zwanzger - Bayerische Kartenspiele für Kinder und Erwachsene - neu entdeckt.'' Bayerischer Trachtenverband. Traunstein: Chiemgau-Druck.

Bavarian card games
Preference group
German deck card games
Three-player card games
18th-century card games

Wallachen


Mount Empung, together with Mount Lokon, is a twin volcano (2.2 km apart) in the North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Both rise above the Tondano plain and are among active volcanoes of Sulawesi. Mount Empung has a 400 m wide and 150 m deep crater at the summit that erupted in the eighteenth century.

References

Stratovolcanoes of Indonesia
Mountains of Sulawesi
Volcanoes of Sulawesi
Active volcanoes of Indonesia
Landforms of North Sulawesi
Holocene stratovolcanoes

Mount Empung


Mondello is a small borough of the city of Palermo in the autonomous region of Sicily in Southern Italy.

Its beach lies between two cliffs called Mount Gallo and Mount Pellegrino. The town was originally a small fishing village situated on marshland, but at the end of the 19th century, it grew into a tourist destination. A number of Liberty-style villas on the seafront promenade have made it one of the gems of Art Nouveau in Europe.

History
Until the beginning of the 20th century, Mondello was an unhealthy marsh enclosed by two headlands: the Mount Pellegrino described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as "the most beautiful promontory in the world" and Mount Gallo.

At some point, a Palermitan nobleman had the idea to drain the swamp. Prince Francesco Lanza di Scalea, with the help of a Belgian real estate company, built a plant for the drainage of swampy waters to the sea. The newly rehabilitated areas, previously occupied by the swamp, underwent a process of expansion and evolution from the 18th to the 20th centuries.

From 1912 onwards, Mondello became the seat of the high bourgeoisie and the aristocracy. The nobility of the city fostered the construction of several exclusive and aristocratic circles, the construction of villas, and the exploitation of lush gardens. King Ferdinand of Bourbon called it "a corner of paradise". Eventually, the beach of Mondello was born.

Attractions

Mondello is characterized by a sandy bay that binds the two promontories, called Monte Gallo and Mount Pellegrino, with a coastline of white sand that nowadays is approximately 1.5 kilometers long. The Natural Reserve of Capo Gallo and the reserve of Monte Pellegrino are nearby. Today the area is known for its beach and for its Art Nouveau villas, which characterize the architecture of the borough, making it a landmark in the history of international modernism.

Bibliography

 P.Hardy, A. Bing, A. Blasi, C. Bonetto, K. Christiani, Italy, pp. 759–60, Lonely Planet.
 W. Dello Russo, Spiagge in Sicilia, Sime Books.
 Michelin, M. Magni, M. Marca, Sicilia, p. 90, La Guida Verde 2013
 Sicilia, p. 39, Lonely Planet, EDT 2013

References

Palermo
Sicily

Mondello


Peter Edward Ramsbotham, 3rd Viscount Soulbury  (8 October 1919 – 9 April 2010) was a British diplomat and colonial administrator.

Early life
Born in London, Ramsbotham was the younger son of Herwald Ramsbotham, later the 1st Viscount Soulbury. He was educated at Eton College and at Magdalen College, Oxford. At Oxford he contracted polio in 1938, which left him with a slightly shorter right leg.

World War II
He was already working for MI5 as a civilian when he joined the army on the outbreak of the Second World War. In April 1941, Ramsbotham was working in B3 Division of MI5 (Communications) with the task of studying the activities of foreign journalists in the UK. In July he was with B3A (Censorship) before moving to E3 (Alien Control – USA citizens in the UK and other territories). By 1943 he was with E2 Division dealing with nationals from the Baltic states, the Balkans and Central Europe. In June 1943, he left MI5 and was later commissioned into the Intelligence Corps on 9 June 1944. As a fluent speaker in French, he continued to work with MI5 on the Continent as a member of 106 Special Counter Intelligence Unit (SCIU), running double agents and acting as a liaison officer to the counter-espionage section of the French Intelligence Service. He also reported to the '212' Committee', the Allied equivalent of MI5's 'XX Committee' ('Double Cross Committee'). At the close of hostilities, he was employed in the Political Division of the Control Commissions for both Germany and Austria and served also in Hamburg and Berlin. In recognition of his exemplary service during the war, he received a Mention in Despatches in August 1945 and was awarded a Croix de Guerre on 1 March 1949 (en bloc).

Diplomatic Service
In 1948, Ramsbotham joined the diplomatic service on the advice of his superior, Sir Christopher Steel. He failed the Foreign Office exam on his first attempt, due to poor mathematical skill, but passed six months later after some coaching. His first position was in the German Department of the Foreign Office in London.

His posts included High Commissioner to Cyprus (1969–1971) Ambassador to Iran (1971–1974) and Ambassador to the United States (1974–1977). He had a close relationship with Jimmy Carter, and was the first ambassador Carter invited to the White House.

Ramsbotham was removed from his position as Ambassador to the United States by incoming Foreign Secretary David Owen. Owen controversially replaced him with Peter Jay, who was economics editor of The Times, the son-in-law of Prime Minister James Callaghan and Owen's personal friend.

Governor
Ramsbotham's final posting was as Governor of Bermuda (1977–1980). During his governorship, the two assassins of Sir Richard Sharples, the former governor, were hanged. The executions were followed by extensive rioting, as a result of which troops had to be sent to Bermuda to restore order.

Honours and title
He was appointed Companion (CMG) of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1964, promoted to Knight Commander (KCMG) in 1972, becoming Sir Peter Ramsbotham, and promoted again to Knight Grand Cross (GCMG) in 1978. In 1976, he was appointed Knight Grand Cross (GCVO) of the Royal Victorian Order as well as Knight (KStJ) of the Venerable Order of St John of Jerusalem. He inherited the title of Viscount Soulbury from his elder brother in 2004 but continued to be known as Sir Peter Ramsbotham.

Family
His first marriage was to Frances Marie Massie Blomfield. They were married on 30 August 1941 and their marriage ended with her death in 1982. His second marriage was to Dr Zaida Mary Hall, née Megrah, in 1985 (died 17 March 2013). He died in New Alresford, Hampshire on 9 April 2010.

References
Who's Who 2009

External links

Interview with Hon Sir Peter Ramsbotham & transcript, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge, 2001

1919 births
2010 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Iran
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to the United States
British Army personnel of World War II
Deputy Lieutenants of Hampshire
Governors of Bermuda
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Cyprus
Intelligence Corps officers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights of the Order of St John
MI5 personnel
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Younger sons of viscounts

Peter Ramsbotham


Sir William Lindsay Murphy, KCMG KStJ (1888–1965) was the British Governor of the Bahamas from 28 July 1945 to 1950. Prior to his appointment as governor, he was the Colonial Secretary of Bermuda from 1942 to 1945, before which he was the Mayor of Colombo and first Municipal Commissioner from 1937 to 1941 in Ceylon. The Irish poet Richard Murphy is his son. Sir William was educated at The Abbey Grammar School in Tipperary,
County Tipperary. While governor of The Bahamas he officially opened the famous Lerner Marine Laboratory on the island of Bimini, a field station of the American Museum of Natural History. He was acting Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from February to October 1957.

His family's life in Ireland was documented in the film The Other Irish Travellers by his granddaughter, Fiona Murphy.

He is buried in Christ Church graveyard, Clifden, County Galway.

References

British governors of the Bahamas
Governors-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Mayors of Colombo
1888 births
1965 deaths
Colonial Secretaries of Bermuda
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights of the Order of St John
20th-century Bahamian people
20th-century British politicians

William Lindsay Murphy


Alice Yen-Ping Ting is Taiwanese-born American chemist. She is a professor of genetics, of biology, and by courtesy, of chemistry at Stanford University. She is also a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub investigator and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Early life and education
Alice Ting was born in Taiwan and immigrated to the United States when she was three years old.  She was raised in Texas and attended the Texas Academy of Mathematics and Science (TAMS). She received her B.S. in chemistry from Harvard University in 1996, working with Nobel laureate E.J. Corey. She completed her Ph.D. with Peter G. Schultz at the University of California, Berkeley in 2000.

Ting completed her postdoctoral fellowship with 2008 Nobel Laureate Roger Y. Tsien.

Career
Ting joined the MIT Chemistry Department in 2002 where she was the Ellen Swallow Richards Professor until 2016.  In 2016, she moved to Stanford University, Departments of Genetics, of Biology, and, by courtesy, of Chemistry.  Her research harnesses the power of directed evolution and synthetic organic chemistry to develop novel methods for studying the cell.  She has received a number of awards, including a 2008 NIH Director's Pioneer Award, a 2010 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award from the American Chemical Society, an NIH Transformative R01 Award (both 2013 and 2018), the McKnight Technological Innovations in Neuroscience Award, the Technology Review TR35 Award, the Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, the Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and the Vilcek Prize for Creative Promise in Biomedical Science in 2012. Ting has been an investigator of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub since 2017. Ting was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2023.

Research
Ting and her lab are credited with developing several influential techniques, some of which have been broadly adopted by academic and industrial researchers across the world. Proximity labeling (PL) is a method for discovery of molecules that reside within a few nanometers (1-5 nm) of a designated molecule of interest, within living cells or organisms. The technique involves fusing a promiscuous labeling enzyme to the molecule of interest and then adding a small-molecule substrate that enables the enzyme to covalently tag any (protein or RNA) molecule within its immediate vicinity. PL is a powerful method for elucidating signaling networks, dissecting molecular function, and potentially discovering novel disease genes. Ting's laboratory has developed three widely used enzymes for PL; all were engineered using directed evolution: the peroxidase APEX2, and the biotin ligases TurboID and miniTurbo.

In addition, Ting and her lab developed monovalent streptavidin, site-specific biotinylation in mammalian cells, small monovalent quantum dots for single molecule imaging, APEX2 as a genetic tag for electron microscopy (analogous to green fluorescent protein but visible by electron microscopy), split horseradish peroxidase for visualization of synapses in vivo, FLARE (fast light- and activity-regulated expression) for gaining genetic access to activated neural ensembles, SPARK (specific protein association tool giving transcriptional readout with rapid kinetics) for transcriptional readout of protein-protein interactions, and PRIME (probe incorporation mediated by enzymes) – a protein labeling technique that enables scientists to capitalize on the brightness, photostability, small size, and chemical diversity of small-molecule probes as an alternative to green fluorescent protein.

References

External links
 TR35
 Ting Laboratory website at Stanford

American women chemists
Harvard College alumni
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Organic chemists
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Taiwanese chemists
Stanford University Department of Chemistry faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women

Alice Y. Ting


Saint Bricín (c. 590–650; also known as Bricin, Briccine, DaBreccoc, Da-Breccocus) was an Irish abbot of Tuaim Dreccon in Breifne (modern Tomregan, County Cavan), a monastery that flourished in the 7th century.

Túaim Dreccon
The history of Bricín centres on the abbey of Túaim Dreccon in the Bréifne territory. The Gaelic place name meant "tumulus (burial mound) of Dreacon", referring to a pre-Christian chieftain who ruled the district around the Woodford river.

In early Christian times, Tuaim Dreccon was the site of a monastic school. Investigations by the Breffni Antiquarian and Historical Society show that the present townland of Mullynagolman (located about two miles southeast of Ballyconnell) corresponds to the original site. All traces of the building have disappeared, as have any remnants of the mound of Dreacon.

Bricín and Cenn Fáelad

In the early years of the 7th century, Bricin was attached to this scholarly establishment, distinguishing himself as a scholar and surgeon.

His most distinguished surgical achievement relates to his care of a serious skull wound on an Ulster noble of royal blood named Cenn Fáelad mac Aillila. Following the Battle of Magh Rath fought near Moira, County Down in 636 AD, the wounded Cenn Fáelad was rushed to Bricín at Tomregan for treatment. After surgery Cennfaelad remained at the academy for a period of convalescence under Bricín's care. As a result, Cenn Fáelad developed an almost perfect memory and a keen interest in study at the three colleges of the university—Brehon Law, History and Poetry, and Classical Learning—going on to become its most distinguished scholar and poet. Following his studies Cenn Fáelad produced three famous works, on law, Irish grammar and history, which include references to exploits of the Ulster Red Branch Knights.

A Romanesque sculpture depicting Bricin performing the operation on Cenn Fáelad still survives from the medieval church of Tomregan.

Baile Bricín

In a later Millennium Prophecy called Baile Bricín, he is stated to be in his house at Tomregan when he receives a vision.

Regarding Saint Bricin's later years, he would seem to have left Ireland for missionary work in Scotland according to a dubious entry in the Félire Óengusso but it may have confused him with another saint of the same name. The Scottish Kalendar of Drummond has the following entry for 4 September: "Apud Hiberniam natale sanctorum confessorum Bulaig et Bricin". The personal name Maolbhricin or Mael Bricín, Mal Bricín, Maíl Bricín (meaning 'Servant of Bricin') occurs in medieval Scottish records so it may indicate traces of a Bricin cult there.

Bricin, like Saint Patrick, seems to have become a saint by popular canonisation. He is mentioned in the Book of Fenagh, page 412, as being a companion of Saint Caillin of Fenagh, County Leitrim, which indicates that he was venerated at the time of the original composition of the Book of Fenagh.

He is also mentioned in the Life of Saint Naile of Kinawley, County Fermanagh, which again indicates his veneration at the time of composition of that Life.

Commemoration

The Félire Óengusso records his feast day on 5 September but the earlier Martyrology of Tallaght records it as 9 May. The mistake probably arose in copying, when 9/5 would have been miscopied as 5/9. Bricin's name survives in local place-names like Slievebrickan ("Bricin's mountain"), a townland west of Mullynagolman. This indicates that in earlier times, his name and fame was well remembered in the district.

The vocational school in Belturbet, County Cavan is called St. Bricin's VEC. The Irish Military Hospital is named in his honour, St Bricin's Military Hospital.

Notes

References
Smith, Tom. The kennings in 'Baile Bricín'. A source for 10th century Irish church history

Book of Aicill
Auraicept na n-Éces ,

7th-century Irish abbots
Medieval saints of Ulster
People from County Cavan
Year of birth uncertain
590s births
650 deaths

Bricín


The Clifton Oyster Rocks are islands off the coast of the Clifton neighbourhood of Karachi, Pakistan. The islands were controlled by the Pakistani Navy until 2006, when the Karachi city government decided to make island as part of its plans to renovate the city. As part of these plans, the Port Fountain was constructed at the base of the northern island. It shoots water up to 620 feet in the air, and is the second-tallest fountain in the world.

Islands of Pakistan

Clifton Oyster Rocks


John Frank Adams  (5 November 1930 – 7 January 1989) was a British mathematician, one of the major contributors to homotopy theory.

Life
He was born in Woolwich, a suburb in south-east London, and attended Bedford School. He began his academic career at Trinity College, Cambridge, as a student of Abram Besicovitch, but soon switched to algebraic topology. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 1956.  His thesis, written under the direction of Shaun Wylie, was titled On spectral sequences and self-obstruction invariants. He held the Fielden Chair at the University of Manchester (1964–1970), and became Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry at the University of Cambridge (1970–1989). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1964.

His interests included mountaineering—he would demonstrate how to climb right round a table at parties (a Whitney traverse)—and the game of Go.

He died in a car crash in Brampton.  There is a memorial plaque for him in the Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge.

Work
In the 1950s, homotopy theory was at an early stage of development, and unsolved problems abounded.  Adams made a number of important theoretical advances in algebraic topology, but his innovations were always motivated by specific problems.  Influenced by the French school of Henri Cartan and Jean-Pierre Serre, he reformulated and strengthened their method of killing homotopy groups in spectral sequence terms, creating the basic tool of stable homotopy theory now known as the Adams spectral sequence. This begins with Ext groups calculated over the ring of cohomology operations, which is the Steenrod algebra in the classical case. He used this spectral sequence to attack the celebrated Hopf invariant one problem, which he completely solved in a 1960 paper by making a deep analysis of secondary cohomology operations.  The Adams–Novikov spectral sequence is an analogue of the Adams spectral sequence using an extraordinary cohomology theory in place of classical cohomology: it is a computational tool of great potential scope.

Adams was also a pioneer in the application of K-theory. He invented the Adams operations in K-theory, which are derived from the exterior powers; they are now also widely used in purely algebraic contexts.  Adams introduced them in a 1962 paper to solve the famous vector fields on spheres problem. Subsequently he used them to investigate the Adams conjecture, which is concerned (in one instance) with the image of the J-homomorphism in the stable homotopy groups of spheres. A later paper of Adams and Michael F. Atiyah uses the Adams operations to give an extremely elegant and much faster version of the above-mentioned Hopf invariant one result.

In 1974 Adams became the first recipient of the Senior Whitehead Prize, awarded by the London Mathematical Society. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1957–58.

Adams had many talented students, and was highly influential in the development of algebraic topology in Britain and worldwide. His University of Chicago lectures were published in a 1996 series titled "Chicago Lectures in Mathematics Series", such as Lectures on Exceptional Lie Groups and Stable Homotopy and Generalised Homology  .

Recognition
The main mathematics research seminar room in the Alan Turing Building at the University of Manchester is named in his honour.

See also
Adams filtration

References

Publications

External links

1930 births
1989 deaths
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Academics of the Victoria University of Manchester
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Adams, John Frank
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Lowndean Professors of Astronomy and Geometry
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Homotopy theory
People from Woolwich

Frank Adams


Events
 Thomas Fraser obtains lands in Aberdeenshire, upon which he starts the building of a towerhouse that would later be known as Muchalls Castle.
 Henry II deposes his half-brother, Pedro of Castile, to become King of Castile.
 Muhammed V builds the Granada Hospital in the Granada (in present-day Spain).
 War continues between the Hindu Vijayanagar Empire and the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate in present-day southern India. Tens of thousands of civilians massacred by each side.
 Dmitri Donskoi, ruler of Moscow & Vladimir, makes peace with Dmitri Konstantinovich, former ruler of Vladimir.
 Abu Faris Abdul Aziz succeeds assassinated Abu Zayyan as Sultan of the Marinid Empire in Morocco.
 Foundation of the Stella Artois brewery in present-day Belgium.

Births
 March 22 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (d. 1399)
 July 11 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (died 1394)
 Lady Elizabeth FitzAlan, English noblewoman (died 1425)
 Miran Shah, governor of Azerbaijan (died 1408)

Deaths
 January 25 – Henry Suso, German mystic
 Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury
 Petrus Torkilsson, Archbishop of Uppsala
 Ming Yuzhen, founder of the rebel empire of Daxia

1366


Ivan Rutkovych (), born c. 1650 in Bilyi Kamin, near Zolochiv, Lviv region, Ukraine, died after 1708, was a Ukrainian icon painter who worked mostly in Zhovkva and Univ.

Biography
Ivan Rutkovych is considered a founder of Zhovkva Iconographic School of painting and wood carving.

Some of Rutkovych's work was lost, but there is still a significant amount of well-preserved icons, as well as iconostases, made by Rutkovych together with other masters. There are iconostases of the wooden churches in Volytsia Derevlianska (1680–82), Volia Vysotska (1688–89); the large (10,85 х 11,87 m) iconostasis of the Church of Christ's Nativity in Zhovkva (also known as iconostasis from Nova Skvariava) (1697–99), now in Lviv National Museum. The last is considered as a masterpiece among Ukrainian iconostases of that time. It consists from 7 rows of icons. It was restored and exhibited to the public in 2009. Also in Lviv National Museum are preserved separate icons, among them Supplication (1683) from Potelych village, Lviv region.

The artistic style of Ivan Rutkovych combines Ukrainian-Byzantine tradition of expressing religious subjects with modern European influences, more secular and realistic.

Rutkovych is a most prominent representative of Zhovkva Iconographic School of painting and wood carving. According to art historians, in that time new iconographical cannons were established, giving free rein to the artist to reveal his individual style with maximum care for detail. A score of local schools sprang up in Sudova Vyshnia, Zhovkva, Robotychi, Volyn region and other.

The iconostasis of The Holy Trinity Church in Zhovkva shows contribution of different masters, among them Vasyl Petranovych (icon of Savoir, icon of Our Lady), Hnat Stobensky (carving of the Holy Door) and Ivan Rutkovych himself (Annunciation, Christmas, Archangel Michael). The Church is placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2013.

In Lviv and Zhovkva there is the street named after Ivan Rutkovych.

Rutkovich died between 1703 and 1708.

Gallery

References

External links
Online encyclopedia of Ukraine
Roman Zilinko. Ivan Rutkovych`s iconostasis from Zhovkva. Religious Information Service of Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
Exhibition of Ivan Rutkovych`s Zhovkva iconostasis in 2009 (in Ukrainian)

1708 deaths
Ukrainian male painters
Icon painters
Year of birth unknown
People from Zhovkva

Ivan Rutkovych


The Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS) is an agency of the government of Oklahoma dedicated to promotion and preservation of Oklahoma's history and its people by collecting, interpreting, and disseminating knowledge and artifacts of Oklahoma. The mission of the OHS is to collect, preserve, and share the history and culture of the state of Oklahoma and its people.

The society has the rare distinction of being both a Smithsonian Institution and National Archives and Records Administration affiliate.

History
The OHS was formed in May 1893, 14 years before Oklahoma became a state, by the Territorial Press Association. The initial function of the OHS was to collect and distribute newspapers published in Oklahoma Territory. The society was declared an agency of the territorial government in 1895, and it became an official state government agency when Oklahoma reached statehood in 1907. The OHS is both a private, membership organization and an Oklahoma government agency. The OHS Board of Directors is made up of 25 members, 12 of whom are appointed by the governor and 13 elected by OHS members to three-year terms.

Functions
The OHS today works statewide and nationally to preserve and nurture Oklahoma's history. The Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office, also operated by the OHS, carries out federal preservation programs in Oklahoma under the National Historic Preservation Act, to preserve Oklahoma's significant buildings, parks, objects, and sites. Projects are carried out in partnership with the Department of the Interior and the National Park Service, as well as other state and local governments, groups, and interested people. The society posts markers at historical sites.

Annual membership can be purchased for individuals, families, and institutions.

Publications
The OHS has published The Chronicles of Oklahoma, the society's scholarly journal, since 1921 and continues to issue four editions per year. The society's monthly newsletter, Mistletoe Leaves, includes information about OHS activities and historical happenings throughout Oklahoma. Both publications and other historical works are available by subscription or per issue. The OHS has also published numerous other titles including The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.

More than 380 issues of The Chronicles of Oklahoma are available online for free through The Gateway to Oklahoma History. The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture is available on the society's website.

Archives and collections
The OHS Research Division houses more than 9 million photographs, more than 1 million pages of historical documents and manuscripts, 3,000 oral histories, historic film and video collections, and more than 4,400 titles of newspapers on available microfilm.

Many of the Oklahoma Historical Society's documents and materials are available online at little or no charge, including indexes to the Dawes Rolls, Oklahoma military deaths, the 1890 Oklahoma Territorial Census, Territorial Incorporation Records, Hastain's Township Plats of the Creek Nation, Oklahoma County marriage records 1889–1951, Daily Oklahoman obituaries, and Smith's First Directory of Oklahoma Territory. The online archives catalog also contains some of the photographs in the OHS Research Division Collection. Historic newspapers are available free of charge on the society's Gateway to Oklahoma History.

Museums and historic sites

Oklahoma History Center
The society operates the Oklahoma History Center, the state's museum located in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma History Center occupies 215,000 ft² (19,974m²) and contains more than 2,000 artifacts and exhibits featuring hands-on audio, video, and activities. A museum store is available online or at the Oklahoma History Center.

From 1919 to 1942, Czarina Conlan was in charge of collecting artifacts and documents for the museum from the various Native American tribes throughout the state. The History Center also houses the OHS Research Division, which includes a large Research Center that is free and open to the public.

Oklahoma Museum of Popular Culture (OKPOP)
In May 2009 the OHS announced plans to build a second museum, to be called the Oklahoma Museum of Popular Culture, or OKPOP, and located in Tulsa's Brady District.  It is planned as the state museum of popular culture, including music, television, film and the performing arts.  After lengthy delays, funding for the museum was obtained through a $25 million bond issue approved in 2015. In late 2016, the society announced that OKPOP will be located on North Main Street, across the street from Cain's Ballroom.

In May of 2023 the Oklahoma Senate passed a bill to provide $18 million in State funds to help finish the interior and install exhibits, provided the museum could raise a matching $18 million by November 15, 2024.

Other locations
The Oklahoma Historical Society also administers a number of state-owned properties either in their entirety or with interpretive centers.:
 Museums
 Cherokee Strip Regional Heritage Center
 Museum of the Western Prairie
Oklahoma History Center
 Oklahoma Route 66 Museum
 Oklahoma Territorial Museum and Carnegie Library
 Pioneer Woman Museum and Statue
 Spiro Mounds Archaeological Center
 White Hair Memorial
 Will Rogers Memorial Museum
 Historic Homes
 Pawnee Bill Ranch and Museum
 Fred and Adeline Drummond House
 Hunter's Home
 Sod House
Military Sites
 Cabin Creek Battlefield
 Fort Gibson Historic Site
 Fort Towson Historic Site
 Honey Springs Battlefield
Affiliates
Atoka Museum and Civil War Cemetery
 Cherokee Strip Museum and Rose Hill School
 Chisholm Trail Museum and Horizon Hill
 Fort Supply Historic Site
 Henry and Anna Overholser Mansion
Oklahoma State Capitol Museum
Tom Mix Museum

Leadership
The Oklahoma Historical Society is under the supervision of the Oklahoma Secretary of Tourism and Branding. Under Governor of Oklahoma Kevin Stitt, Matt Pinnell is serving as the secretary.

Board of directors
The OHS is governed by a 25-member board of directors. Thirteen of those members are elected by the members of the society and twelve are appointed by the governor of Oklahoma, with the approval of the Oklahoma Senate. All members serve three-year terms. The governor also serves as an ex officio member of the board. The board is responsible for appointing an executive director of the society, who serves concurrently as the state historic preservation officer. The current executive director is Trait Thompson.

References

External links
 Oklahoma Historical Society official site
 The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture
 OHS Gateway to Oklahoma History
 OKPOP official site

State historical societies of the United States
History of Oklahoma
State agencies of Oklahoma
Museum organizations
Historical societies in Oklahoma
1893 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Organizations established in 1893

Oklahoma Historical Society


Leonard Horner FRSE FRS FGS (17 January 1785 – 5 March 1864) was a Scottish merchant, geologist and educational reformer. He was the younger brother of Francis Horner.

Horner was a founder of the School of Arts of Edinburgh, now Heriot-Watt University and one of the founders of the Edinburgh Academy. A 'radical educational reformer' he was involved in the establishment of University College School. As a commissioner on the Royal Commission on the Employment of Children in Factories, Horner arguably did more to improve the working conditions of women and children in North England than any other person in the 19th century.

Early life and education
His father, John Horner, was a linen merchant in Edinburgh, and partner in the firm of Inglis & Horner. Leonard, the third and youngest son, attended the High School and entered the University of Edinburgh in 1799. There in the course of the next four years he studied chemistry and mineralogy, and gained a love of geology from Playfairs Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory. At the age of nineteen he became a partner in a branch of his father's business, and went to London.

Career

In 1808 he joined the newly formed Geological Society of London and two years later was elected one of the secretaries. Throughout his long life he was ardently devoted to the welfare of the society; he was elected president in 1846 and again in 1860. In 1811 he read his first paper On the Mineralogy of the Malvern Hills (Trans. Geol. Soc. vol. i.) and subsequently communicated other papers on the Brine-springs at Droitwich, and the Geology of the S.W. part of Somersetshire.

He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1813. In 1815 he returned to Edinburgh to take personal superintendence of his business, and while there (1821) he was instrumental in founding the Edinburgh School of Arts on Adam Square where the instruction of mechanics and art was taught, and he was one of the founders of the Edinburgh Academy. In 1827 he was invited to London to become warden of London University (now University College London), an office which he held for four years; he then resided at Bonn for two years and pursued the study of minerals and rocks, communicating to the Geological Society on his return a paper on the Geology of the Environs of Bonn, and another On the Quantity of Solid Matter suspended in the Water of the Rhine. He made significant contributions to the study of loess material and loess deposits and published what is probably the first illustration of a loess section. He also produced the first map of the Siebengebirge region of the Rhineland.

In 1828 he returned to Edinburgh to take charge of his ailing father's company. In 1829, on the death of his father, he took full charge of the company, and continued in this role until 1833.

In 1833 he was appointed one of the commissioners to inquire into the employment of children in the factories of Great Britain, and he was subsequently selected as one of the inspectors. He held this post for 26 years and during this time arguably did more to improve the working condition of women and children in the mills of north England than any other person in the 19th-century and for which he was praised by Karl Marx in Das Kapital. In later years he devoted much attention to the geological history of the alluvial lands of Egypt; and in 1843 he published his Life of his brother Francis.

Family
Horner married Anna Susanna Lloyd, daughter of Gamaliel Lloyd.

They had six daughters, who were all educated to a high standard for the age. The eldest sister, Mary Elizabeth, married Sir Charles Lyell, author of The Principles of Geology in 1832. Her younger sister Katharine married Lyell's younger brother Henry in 1848, and later edited The Life, Letters and Journals of Sir Charles Lyell. A third daughter, Frances, married Charles Bunbury, a noted paleobotanist. A fourth daughter, Leonora, married Georg Heinrich Pertz, a historian and archivist; one of their children was Dorothea Pertz and through this connection Horner was the step-great-great-grandfather of astronomer and astrophysicist Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin. Two other daughters, Susan and Joanna, were known in their day as the authors of a book on walking tours of Florence, Italy.

Freemasonry
He was Initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in 1803 in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No.2. He was also an honorary member of Lodge Kirknewton and Ratho, No.85, this also being conferred in 1803.

Death
He died in Montagu Square in London on 5 March 1864.

References
Karl Marx "Das Kapital, Volume I" London 1867: "He rendered undying service to the English working-class." (ch. 9)
Memoir of Leonard Horner, by Katherine M Lyell (1890) (privately printed). Vol. 1 Vol. 2
 Charles Darwin "Origin of Species" 1859

External links

Lodge Canongate Kilwinning, No.2.

Horner, Leonard
Horner, Leonard
Horner, Leonard
Horner, Leonard
Businesspeople from Edinburgh
Horner, Leonard
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
People associated with Heriot-Watt University
Horner, Leonard
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Presidents of the Geological Society of London
Scottish Freemasons
Scottish educational theorists
Horner, Leonard
Scottish merchants
19th-century British businesspeople
Committee members of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge

Leonard Horner


Oliver von Dohnányi (born 2 March 1955) is a Slovak conductor based in Prague, Czech Republic.

Dohnányi was born in Trenčín, Czechoslovakia (now in Slovakia) and studied violin, composition and conducting at the Prague Academy for Music under Václav Neumann and the University of Music and Performing Arts in Vienna under Otmar Suitner. He made his conducting debut in 1979 with the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra in Bratislava. Previously, Dohnányi served as the music director of the Czech National Theatre in Prague, Intendent/Artistic Director of the Opera of the Slovak National Theatre in Bratislava, Intendent/Artistic Director of the Opera of the Moravian-Silesian National Theatre in Ostrava, and principal conductor of the Slovak Sinfonietta.

In 2018, Dohnányi received the biggest Russian theatrical award, The Golden Mask, with the title "Best Conductor".

Dohnányi is also a member of the well-known Dohnányi family, a notable Hungarian family of politicians and musicians.

References

External links
Official web page

1955 births
Slovak conductors (music)
Hungarian male conductors (music)
Czech conductors (music)
Hungarian male musicians
Living people
People from Trenčín
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni
Oliver Dohnanyi
University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna alumni
21st-century conductors (music)
21st-century Czech male musicians

Oliver von Dohnányi


Sara María Aldrete (born September 6, 1964 in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico) is a Mexican serial killer kent as "La Madrina". She attendit heich schuil in Brownsville, Texas, Unitit States, while still livin sooth o the border, an gained resident alien status so she coud attend Texas Southmost College. She wis kent amang her peers as a guid student. She is  taw an studiet physical education, preparin tae transfer tae a university tae earn a pheesical education teachin certification.

Adolfo Constanzo, a Cuban American fortune-teller an releegious cult leader, introducit her tae witchcraft an daurk magic. He gave her the nickname "La Madrina", Spainyie for "godmither", an initiatit her intae his cult, which wis a conglomeration o Santería, Aztec warrior ritual, an Palo Mayombe, complete wi blood sacrifices. Costanzo sexually assaultit an killed drug dealers an uised their body pairts for releegious sacrifice ceremonies in an auld warehoose near Matamoros. Mony o his victims' body pairts wur ceukit in a lairge pot cried a nganga. Costanzo made Sara Aldrete seicont-in-command o his cult, an directit her tae supervise his follaeers while he wis oot shippin marijuana ower the border intae the US.

In 1989 the killins grew mair frequent an gained attention when affluent American tourist Mark J. Kilroy, a University o Texas student on Spring Break, wis abductit. Costanzo, Aldrete an the rest o the cult went on the run when detectives discovered their 'shrine'. They foond human hair, brains, teeth an skulls at the steid o the murthers. Eventually, the polis foond their hideoot in Mexico Ceety on 6 Mey 1989. Efter a shuitoot, Costanzo an ane of his accomplices wur shot an killed bi anither member o the cult, apparently at Constanzo's behest. Aldrete wis convictit o creeminal association in 1990 an jailed for sax years. In a seicont trial, she wis convictit of several o the killins at the cult's heidquarters, an sentencit tae 30 years in preeson. If Aldrete is iver released frae preeson, American authorities plan tae prosecute her for the murther o Mark Kilroy.

Notes

Freemit airtins
Crime Library

1964 births
Mexican female serial killers
Fowk frae Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Livin fowk
Mexican Santeríans
Mexican fowk convictit o murther
Fowk convictit o murther bi Mexico
Occultists

Sara Aldrete


Jian Yi () is a Chinese independent filmmaker, social innovator and food activist who currently conducts research at the Animal Law and Policy Program at the Harvard Law School since 2022. His films Bamboo Shoots and Super, Girls! won a number of international film festival awards. Jian Yi co-founded the ground-breaking China Villager Documentary Project with filmmaker Wu Wenguang in 2004, and founded the IFChina Original Studio in 2008. His works have been shown at numerous film festivals, museums (including at the Museum of Modern Art in New York) and university campuses across the globe. Jian Yi also spoke at the Apple Artists' Series among many public and media talks, including the BBC and the National Public Radio.

Since 2014, Jian Yi has been at the forefront of promoting sustainable food system in China. He founded and preside the Good Food Fund under the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, one of the ten global Top Visionaries named by the Rockefeller Foundation for its 2050 Food Systems Vision Prize. He was frequently interviewed by international media for his views on China's food systems and appeared on Eating Animals, a documentary produced by Natalie Portman.

Jian Yi served on the Core Leadership Team of Action Track 2 of the United Nations Food Systems Summit between 2020 and 2021 and led the initial Workstream 1 on Food Environments. He has served on a number of roles related to this, including on several UNFSS action areas, FoodXFilm Festival, etc. Jian Yi also led his colleagues to set up the China Action Hub for UNFSS AT2, and organized 10+ independent dialogues on food systems in the first half of 2021, with a combined views of 1 million for their livestreams across platforms. He serves as the Deputy Secretary General of the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation.

Jian Yi founded the China Vegan Society, which was officially launched in Dali, Yunnan, May 2021, receiving supporting messages from celebrated figures such as Peter Singer, Dr. Jane Goodall, and Joaquin Phoenix.

Personal life
Jian Yi was born in Ji'an, Jiangxi, China in 1975. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts with his wife, Eva Song, and son, Kuankuan.

Education
Jian Yi got three Master's degrees respectively an MPA from Harvard Kennedy School of Government in 2022, an MA in International Journalism from Beijing Broadcasting Institute in 1999, and an MA in International Peace Studies from the University of Notre Dame in 1998. Jian Yi received the Distinguished Alumni Award from the Kroc Institute of International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame in 2015. While at Harvard, he was a Mason Fellow and a Gleitsman Leadership Fellow of the Center for Public Leadership. Jian Yi conducts research at the Animal Law and Policy Program at the Harvard Law School since 2022. He got a Bachelor of Education in Education Management from Jiangxi Normal University in 1995,

He was a tenured lecturer at the Communication University of China for five years (1999-2004).

Filmmaking
Jian Yi is the founder and director of ARTiSIMPLE Studio, which was founded in January 2005 and has pioneered the art of collaborative community and citizen projects. In 2005–2006, he partnered with premier documentary filmmaker Wu Wenguang to launch the China Villager Documentary Project. Jian's photos on China's village governance toured the nation's seven provinces as well as the headquarters of the European Commission in Brussels and the Seat of the European Parliament in Strasbourg.

In 2007, Jian Yi won the Bronze Zenith Award at the 31st Montreal World Film Festival for his feature film Dong Sun ("Bamboo Shoots"), one of only two Asian films to win an award. In 2007 Jian also produced and directed Super, Girls!, the only independently produced documentary film about the Super Girl singing contest, one of the most popular TV shows in China's history. As a result, he was one of the three Chinese national finalists selected by the British Council for the 2007 International Young Film Entrepreneur of the Year award. (Bamboo Shoots officially hit Canadian cinemas on August 26, 2010.)

Social Memories/Civic Engagement
Jian launched the IFChina in his hometown of Ji'an, birthplace of Mao Zedong's Revolution, in 2008–2009 with Douglas Xiao and Eva Song. IFChina was China's first civic engagement center that focuses solely on documenting social memories through the use of filmmaking, photography, oral history and theater. It was inspired by the China Villager Documentary Project, co-founded by Wu Wenguang and Jian Yi in 2004.

Food systems activism
Jointly with Yale Hospitality of Yale University, Jian started the China Food Leadership Initiative in 2018 and during the Chinese New Year in 2019, he headed a delegation of seven top Chinese chefs, entrepreneurs, journalists and toured five U.S. universities (Yale, UMass, Harvard, UConn and CIA), where they coached chefs in the host universities on preparing for Chinese New Year banquets and were engaged in dialogues on sustainable food system.  The tour was taken place under the theme of the Food Forward Forum.

Other activism
In 2012–2014, he lived and worked at the 1700-year-old Buddhist monastery at the foot of Mount Lu, a World Heritage Site.

Jian Yi served as a member of the Art Advisory Board for the Yale-China Association. He was the founding president of the Notre Dame Club of Beijing in 2006.

Fellowships
 2021 Gleitsman Leadership Fellow, the Center for Public Leadership, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University
 2011 delegate to the Asia Society's Asia 21 Young Leaders Summit in Jakarta, Indonesia
 2009 Yale World Fellow (Yale University, New Haven, CT)
 2008–2010 India-China Fellow (New School, New York City)
 2007–2008 Starr Foundation Fellowship (Asian Cultural Council, New York City)
 2007 Visiting Fellow, CRASSH (University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK)

Awards
Bamboo Shoots
 Bronze Zenith Award, 27th Montreal World Film Festival
 Digital Cinema Award, 10th Barcelona Asian Film Festival
 Official Selection, Minneapolis-St. Paul International Film Festival, 2008
 Official Selection, 10th Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema, 2008

Super Girls!
 Official Selection, Cambridge Film Festival, 2007
 Official Selection, Documentary Fortnight, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 2008

Filmography

External links

 Good Food Fund/Academy
 China Village Documentary Project
 Artisimple.com
 IfChina.org
 https://news.yale.edu/2019/01/31/how-did-yale-hospitality-become-lean-green-leader-even-chinas-asking
 https://news.yale.edu/2019/02/01/yale-hosts-top-chinese-chefs-sustainability-focused-culinary-exchange
 https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/11062-A-less-meaty-Year-of-the-Pig-
 Yale World Fellows Program
 China Vegan Society
 https://www.plantforwardkitchen.org/jian-yi

Interviews
 Roger Ebert Show - Chinese Cinema, Oct. 2011
 "You Can't Build on an Emptiness," by Dan Edwards, Real Time Arts
 China Dialogue
 Eating Animals - the documentary: http://www.eatinganimalsmovie.com/
 https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/29/can-the-world-quench-chinas-bottomless-thirst-for-milk
 China's cloned cows: meat on the table or environmental disaster? https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/dec/05/chinas-cloned-cows-meat-on-the-table-or-environmental-disaster
 Bloomberg story on China's wet market after outbreak of COVID-19 on 2020: https://www.bloombergquint.com/global-economics/wuhan-is-returning-to-life-so-are-its-disputed-wet-markets
 China Wakes Up to the Need of a Greener Diet: https://www.ft.com/content/afc52d70-1bab-4375-984e-7814a1d0aa7d
 The Rockefeller Foundation short documentary about Jian Yi and the Good Food Fund's vision: https://foodxfilmfestival.org/rockefeller-foundation

Film directors from Jiangxi
Asian Cultural Council grantees
Living people
People from Ji'an
Chinese film directors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Jiangxi Normal University alumni
University of Notre Dame alumni
Communication University of China alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Mason Fellows

Jian Yi


Alf Handrahan (born December 27, 1949) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey player who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA). During his five year career, he played for the Tulsa Oilers, the Oklahoma City Blazers, the Fort Worth Texans, and the Cincinnati Stingers. He was born in Alberton, Prince Edward Island.

On the ice, Handrahan was known for his aggressive, "all-action" style of play which led to frequent fights and penalties. While attending the Maple Leafs training camp, Handrahan got into five fights, all of which he won. During his professional career, Handrahan was a polarizing figure, earning a "fan favourite" award from his team during his first season, while often subjected to insults and thrown objects from visiting fans after fights. Handrahan retired from professional hockey in 1978, and pursued a career with the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company.

Handrahan was inducted into the Prince Edward Island Sports Hall of Fame on September 2, 2006.

References

External links

1949 births
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Ice hockey people from Prince Edward Island
Cincinnati Stingers players
Living people
Fort Worth Texans players
Tulsa Oilers (AHA) players
People from Alberton, Prince Edward Island
Philadelphia Firebirds (AHL) players

Alf Handrahan


Dietmar Damerau (September 22, 1935 – October 22, 2011) was a German artist who lived most years of his life in Greece.

Life
Dietmar was born in Preußisch Holland, East Prussia in 1935. When he was 10 years old, on January 22, 1945, Dietmar, his mother and his three siblings fled their hometown in an abandoned Wehrmacht vehicle, with three other families fleeing the allied bombing of Berlin. They stopped in many European cities, that had been recently bombed such as Hamburg, Dresden, Prague, Styria, Salzburg and Coburg, eventually settling in Munich. During the next few years, and after the war had ended, he learned typesetting in Passau at the "Neue Passauer Presse". There he met teacher and friend Otto Sammer whom he worked with many times over the years. He remained in the art world and continued his studies at the Academy of Graphic Arts in Munich. He was forced to quit his studies due to a serious accident in Seville, Spain where he spent 2 years recovering in the hospital. In the early 1960s he moved to the island of Crete in Greece, where he settled, and lived for many years. In 1967, he was married and had one son, two years later. Later on, he was forced by the military Junta to leave Greece – moving to Sardinia. After the fall of the Junta, he returned to Crete. Extensive tourist development on the island caused him to want to leave again, at which point he moved to the small village of Lafkos on the mountain of Pelion, where he built a home and studio, beginning to paint and to create sculptures once again. He spent many years living in Lafkos, in various places in Upper Bavaria and Denmark. He lived a solitary, yet creative life, producing a high volume of artwork. He died at Volos hospital at the age of 76, on October 22, 2011.

Work
His work consists of a wide range of media, including drawing, painting, printmaking and sculpture. He composed his art using an array of materials, from the conventional oil paint and gouache to anything he could get his hands on, such as driftwood, trash, lipstick and coffee grinds.
He exhibited in various European cities such as Copenhagen, Athens, Berlin and Munich among others and was a member of the Künstlergilde Esslingen since 1976. His largest painting is one covering a 106 square metre ceiling in a private home in Lafkos, which took him 3 years to complete.

References

External links
 https://archive.today/20130217060505/http://www.museum-synthese.de/index_kuenstler_1.html?/kuenstler_1.html
 http://www.kuenstlerinbayern.de/kib/detail_print.phtml?kunr=1190
 Pelion

German artists
1935 births
2011 deaths
People from Pasłęk
Artists from East Prussia

Dietmar Damerau


Nina Susann Åström (née Lindkvist, born 1962), is a Finland Swede Christian singer-songwriter, pianist and evangelist.

Early life
Nina Åström (née Lindkvist) was born on the Swedish-speaking west coast of Finland. She has two siblings. She graduated high school in Kokkola in 1981, and completed her MA in English philology at the University of Turku in 1986.

Åström became a committed Christian when she was 17 after some years of struggling with the questions of salvation, and surrender to Jesus.

Career

Åström began writing songs in her early twenties. She began to perform regularly towards the end of the 1980s. Her first album, Person 2 Person, was released in 1992.

In 1992 she was invited to perform at the Christian Artists Seminar in the Netherlands. Through this event she was invited to perform on a Dutch TV program. The producer of the program, Gerrit aan't Goor, then offered to become her manager. Aan't Goor became Åström's main lyric writer until 2003. During this Åström collaborated with several artists including Luca Genta, Ralph van Manen, Buddy Miller, Julie Miller and Phil Keaggy.

Nina represented Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest in the year 2000 with the song "A Little Bit" (written by aan't Goor/Genta)

In 2001 she was asked to join Ilkka Puhakka and Reijo "Klinu" Loikkanen for  evangelistic tours in Russian prisons. Since then she has been touring regularly in some 400 prisons and drug rehab centers, particularly within the former Soviet Union countries.
Åström has performed in over 20 countries.

In her home province of Kokkola, she has acted as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.

In 2007 Åström started songwriting again. She also produced her own album, Landscape of My Soul.  In 2010, she released The Way We Are. She released a Finnish language album in spring 2012, under the name Avoin taivas; the album sold gold in Finland in June 2013. In 2019 Nina released an English compilation album, including new recordings of her "trademark" song Freedom within prison walls and the album title song Give me Jesus.

In 2016 a biography "Nina Åström Toisin silmin" was published, written by Leevi Launonen.

Åström teaches seminars and carries out  coaching/mentoring both in Finland and abroad on what it means to be a Christian artist and communicator.

Personal life

Åström is married to Benni Åström, and the couple has twin daughters Wilma and Natalie. She belongs to a Lutheran congregation.

Åström has taught the English and Swedish languages for short periods of time.

Åström's pop/folk style of music is influenced by artists including James Taylor, The Carpenters, Stevie Wonder and Jennifer Warnes.

C.S. Lewis, Tim Keller and Watchman Nee, among others, have had significant impact on Åström through their literature and sermons. The basic foundation for her life and thinking is her relationship with Jesus Christ.

Discography

 Person 2 Person (1992)
 A Matter of Time (1993)
 Moods (1995)
 A Friend (1999)
 A Little Bit of Love (2000)
 Vierelle jäät (Finnish version of "A Friend") (2000)
 Merry Christmas Jesus (2001)
 Real Life (2003)
 Landscape of My Soul (2007)
 The Way We Are (2010)
 Avoin taivas (2012)    Gold album in Finland (2013)
 Minun aarteeni (2014)
 Joulun kuningas (2014)
 Takaisin kotiin (2016)
 Rauhaa ja rohkeutta (2018)
 Frid och frimodighet (2019) (Swedish version of Rauhaa ja rohkeutta)
 Give me Jesus (2019)

Other
 Nina Åström Toisin silmin; biography by Leevi Launonen (2016)
 Nina Åström lukee Luukkaan tekstejä; audio book (2016)

See also
 List of Finnish singers

References

Sana-lehti 13-14, 2012

Hufvudstadsbladet 10.2.2010

External links

 YouTube weblink

Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Finland
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2000
20th-century Finnish women singers
People from Kokkola
Swedish-speaking Finns
Folk-pop singers
University of Turku alumni
1962 births
Living people
Teachers of English as a second or foreign language
21st-century Finnish women singers

Nina Åström


The second cholera pandemic is also known as the Asiatic cholera pandemic. It was a cholera pandemic that spread from India to the entire West Asia, then to the United Kingdom and the Americas, and then to China and Japan.

The cause of cholera was not known until later in the 19th century. Cholera and typhus are bacterial diseases. Cholera spread by the absence of, or defective, sewage treatment or defective water supply systems. Typhus is spread by lice, chiggers and fleas.

Related pages
For the disease, see cholera and John Snow.
For the development of modern water treatment, see Joseph Bazalgette.
For another cause of pandemics, see typhus.

1830s
1820s

02

1826–1837 cholera pandemic