Pierre Hadot (; ; 21 February 1922 – 24 April 2010) was a French philosopher and historian of philosophy specializing in ancient philosophy, particularly Epicureanism and Stoicism.

Life
In 1944, Hadot was ordained, but following Pope Pius XII's encyclical Humani generis (1950) left the priesthood. He studied at the Sorbonne between 1946–1947. In 1961, he graduated from the École Pratique des Hautes Études. In 1964, he was appointed a Director of Studies at EPHE, initially occupying a chair in Latin Patristics, before his chair was renamed "Theologies and Mysticisms of Hellenistic Greece and the End of Antiquity" in 1972. He became professor at the Collège de France in 1983, where he assumed the chair of the History of Hellenistic and Roman Thought. In 1991, he retired from this position to become professeur honoraire at the collège; his last lecture was on 22 May that year. He concluded his final lecture by saying, "In the last analysis, we can scarcely talk about what is most important."

Over the course of his career, Hadot published translations of and commentaries on Porphyry, St. Ambrose, Plotinus, and Marcus Aurelius.

Hadot was married to the historian of philosophy, Ilsetraut Hadot, who assisted him in formulating and extending his knowledge of spiritual exercises. Toward the end of his life, Hadot felt that Epicureanism and Stoicism nourished his life and that of modern society.

Philosophical work
Hadot was one of the first authors to introduce Ludwig Wittgenstein's thought into France. Hadot suggested that one cannot separate the form of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations from their content. Wittgenstein had claimed that philosophy was an illness of language and Hadot notes that the cure required a particular type of literary genre.

Hadot is also famous for his analysis of the conception of philosophy during Greco-Roman antiquity.  He identified and analyzed the "spiritual exercises" used in ancient philosophy (influencing the thought of Michel Foucault in the second and third volumes of his History of Sexuality). By "spiritual exercises" Hadot means "practices ... intended to effect a modification and a transformation in the subjects who practice them. The following is an example of a spiritual exercise coined by Epictetus and practiced by ancient philosophers following Stoicism: "What troubles people is not things, but their judgments about things". The Stoics would repeat these aphorisms, committing them to memory, thereby enabling them to use its wisdom the moment they became troubled by a particular thing.  Another example comes from Marcus Aurelius: "...my thought can "turn upside down" everything that presents an obstacle to my action, and transform the obstacle into an object toward which my impulse to act ought preferably to tend."  "That which impeded action thus becomes profitable to action, and that which blocked the road allows me to advance along the road"  These and many other spiritual exercises enabled its practitioners to transform their lives to better conform to nature and to be of service in their community.  The philosophy teacher's discourse could be presented in such a way that the disciple, as auditor, reader, or interlocutor, could make spiritual progress and transform himself within." Hadot shows that the key to understanding the original philosophical impulse is to be found  in Socrates. What characterizes Socratic therapy above all is the importance given to living contact between human beings.

Hadot's recurring theme is that philosophy in Antiquity was characterized by a series of spiritual exercises intended to transform the perception, and therefore the being, of those who practice it; that philosophy is best pursued in real conversation and not through written texts and lectures; and that philosophy, as it is taught in universities today, is for the most part a distortion of its original, therapeutic impulse. He brings these concerns together in What Is Ancient Philosophy?, which has been critically reviewed. In 1994 Hadot published an article entitled "There Are Nowadays Professors of Philosophy, but not Philosophers", in it Hadot shows us that the American philosopher, Henry David Thoreau, via his book Walden, exemplifies the 'true philosopher', one who lives his philosophy by living simply in natural surroundings.

Much of what Hadot wrote about in his most popular books deals with the personal transformation experienced by people who 'lived philosophy' rather than those who studied philosophy as an academic endeavor.  Hadot didn't 'discover' the practice and benefits of 'spiritual exercises' but he 'rediscovered' it and brought it back into modern day philosophical conversation much like previous philosophers did in the past, namely, Erasmus, Montaigne, Descartes, Kant, Emerson, Marx, Nietzsche, William James, Wittgenstein, Jaspers, and Rilke. Stoicism is undergoing a revitalization, with 25 podcasts on Spotify alone.  Furthermore, CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a highly successful form of psychological therapy, is based on the teachings of Stoicism.

Publications

 with P. Henry, Marius Victorinus, Traités théologiques sur la Trinité, Cerf 1960 (Sources Chrétiennes nos. 68 & 69).
 Porphyre et Victorinus. Paris, Institut d'Etudes augustiniennes, 1968. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 32–33).
 Marius Victorinus: recherches sur sa vie et ses oeuvres, 1971. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 44).
 Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique. Paris, Etudes augustiniennes, 1981. (Collection des études augustiniennes. Série antiquité ; 88). .
 Philosophy as a Way of Life. Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault, edited with an Introduction by Arnold I. Davidson, translated by Michael Chase, Oxford/Cambridge, Massachusetts, Basil Blackwell, 1995, Oxford, Blackwell's, 1995. .
 La citadelle intérieure. Introduction aux Pensées de Marc Aurèle. Paris, Fayard, 1992. .
 The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Massachusetts /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
 Qu'est-ce que la philosophie antique? Paris, Gallimard, 1995. (Folio essais ; 280). .
What is Ancient Philosophy?, translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Massachusetts /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002.
 Plotin ou la simplicité du regard (1963); 4e éd. Paris, Gallimard, 1997. (Folio esais ; 302). .
 Plotinus or the Simplicity of Vision, translated by Michael Chase, with an Introduction by Arnold A. Davidson, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1993.
 Etudes de philosophie ancienne. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1998. (L'âne d'or ; 8).  (recueil d'articles).
 Marc Aurèle. Ecrits pour lui même, texte établi et traduit par Pierre Hadot, avec la collaboration de Concetta Luna. vol. 1 (general introduction and Book 1).  Paris, Collection Budé, 1998.  .
 Plotin, Porphyre: Études néoplatoniciennes. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1999. (L'âne d'or ; 10).  (recueil d'articles).
 La philosophie comme manière de vivre. Paris, Albin Michel, 2002. (Itinéraires du savoir). .
 The Present Alone is Our Happiness: Conversations with Jeannie Carlier and Arnold I. Davidson, 2nd ed. Translated by Marc Djaballah and Michael Chase, Stanford / Stanford University Press, 2011 (Cultural Memory in the Present).
 Exercices spirituels et philosophie antique, nouvelle éd. Paris, Albin Michel, 2002. (Bibliothèque de l'évolution de l'humanité). .
 Le voile d'Isis: Essai sur l'histoire de l'idée de nature. Paris, Gallimard, 2004. (NRF essais). .
  The Veil of Isis: An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature. , translated by Michael Chase, Cambridge, Massachusetts /London, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2002.
 Wittgenstein et les limites du langage. Paris, J. Vrin, 2004. (Bibliothèque d'histoire de la philosophie). .
 Apprendre à philosopher dans l'antiquité. L'enseignement du Manuel d'Epictète et son commentaire néoplatonicien (with Ilsetraut Hadot). Paris, LGF, 2004. (Le livre de poche ; 603). .
 N'oublie pas de vivre. Goethe et la tradition des exercices spirituels, Albin Michel, 2008. (Bibliothèque Idées). .
 Don't Forget to Live: Goethe and the Tradition of Spiritual Exercise, translated by Michael Chase with an foreword by Arnold A. Davidson and Daniele Lorenzini, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2023.

Notes

Further reading
 J. Scheid, "Pierre Hadot (1922–2010), chaire de pensée hellénistique et romaine, 1982–1991", La lettre du Collège de France no. 30 December 2010, 43–45
 G. Catapano, "Pierre Hadot (1922-2010)", Adamantius XVII (2011), 348–352
 M. Chase, S.R.L. Clark, M. McGhee, eds., (2013). Philosophy as a way of life: ancients and moderns. Essays in honor of Pierre Hadot Wiley-Blackwell. .

External links

 Pierre Hadot (1922–2010) by Matthew Sharpe in the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 Review of What is Ancient Philosophy? by Benjamin Balint from First Things
 Michael Chase, Remembering Pierre Hadot – Part I & Part II

1922 births
2010 deaths
20th-century French educators
20th-century French essayists
20th-century French male writers
20th-century French historians
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French educators
21st-century French essayists
21st-century French male writers
21st-century French philosophers
Academic staff of the Collège de France
Continental philosophers
Epistemologists
French historians of philosophy
French male essayists
French male non-fiction writers
French scholars of ancient Greek philosophy
Metaphilosophers
Ontologists
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of religion
Philosophy of life
Philosophy academics
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Wittgensteinian philosophers

Pierre Hadot


David Tyler Smith (born September 4, 1986) is an American basketball player who last played for Elitzur Eito Ashkelon of the Israeli National League. He played college basketball for Iowa and Tennessee, but his college career came to an end when he was dismissed from the Tennessee program in January 2010. He also earned the Bertelkamp Basketball Scholarship Endowment Fund and the Dane Bradshaw Endowed Athletic Scholarship.

Personal life
He earned tournament MVP honors as a sophomore after leading the Bobcats to the state title. He earned first team all-state honors as a junior after averaging 24 points, nine rebounds and five assists as a junior at Giles County High School. Smith averaged 20 points, 10 rebounds and just over five assists per game at Hargrave Military Academy in Chatham, Va., in 2005–06. He helped lead Hargrave to a 28–2 record while ranking as one of the top prep school teams in the nation. He was a Second team selection on the Street & Smith's 2004 Boys High School all-America team, and was rated a four-star prospect by Rivals.com. He was the 2005 Tennessee Mr. Basketball, averaging 26 points per game as a senior.

Collegiate career

Iowa Hawkeyes (2006–2007)
Smith started 29 of 31 games for the Hawkeyes as a freshman, leading the team in both rebounding and steals. He was the third freshman in school history to lead the Hawkeyes in rebounding.  Additionally, Smith was second on the team in scoring (averaging 14.9 ppg) and assists.  His season resulted in his being named to third-team All-Big Ten as well as to the All-Big Ten Freshman Team.  Smith transferred to Tennessee after his freshman season in order to be closer to his father, who was suffering from lung cancer.

Tennessee Volunteers (2007–2010)

Sophomore Season (2007–08)
He transferred from Iowa and was granted a waiver by the Administrative Review Subcommittee to be eligible to play for the Volunteers at the start of 2007–08 season instead of sitting out a season as would normally be required. He led the Vols in assists, rebounding, and field goal percentage and was third in scoring. He ranked second on the team with 50 steals, increasing his season averages in SEC play, averaging 13.5 points and 7.8 rebounds. In SEC games, ranked 4th  among the league leaders in offensive rebounds, 6th in field goal percentage, 7th in rebounding, 9th in assists, 9th in assists/turnover ratio and averaged 13.5 points per game. He started 35 of UT's 36 games. He was named the SEC Player of the Week after leading the Vols to wins over Auburn and at top-ranked Memphis. Scored in double figures in 31 of 36 games and had six double-doubles. He and teammate Chris Lofton were both named to the All-SEC first team.

Junior Season (2008–09)
He was a team leader and the only Vol to start all 34 games during the season, played primarily at the four spot but also saw time at the three position. He led the Vols in scoring 18 times, assists 16 times and rebounding 10 times. He also led the team with 17.4 points per game (6th in SEC), 3.4 assists per game (8th in the SEC), and a .766 free-throw percentage (8th in the SEC). Ranked 6th in the SEC in assist-to-turnover ratio 1.6, 7th in the SEC with 32.6 minutes played per game and 12th in the SEC in field-goal percentage .439. During the season Smith also had the first triple-double in Tennessee history against UNC Asheville and became the 42nd member of UT's 1,000-point club.  He earned All-Tournament Team honors at the Old Spice Classic, averaging 17.3 points, 4.3 rebounds and 3.0 assists in UT's three games against Siena, Georgetown and Gonzaga. Smith totaled 57 points in three games while leading the Vols to their first SEC Tournament championship game appearance since 1991. He went 10-of-10 at the free-throw line and scored a game-high 21 points vs. Oklahoma State in the NCAA Tournament.

Smith was named first-team All-SEC unanimously.

Senior Season (2009–10)
In his last season at Tennessee he averaged 11.7 points per game and 4.7 rebounds, starting 12 early season games.  On January 1, 2010, Tyler Smith, Cameron Tatum, Brian Williams, and Melvin Goins were arrested for weapons charges and marijuana possession.  Bruce Pearl suspended the four players. Tyler Smith was dismissed from the team, Goins and Tatum were reinstated, while Williams remained on indefinite suspension. Williams was reinstated to the team on Sat., February 6, 2010.

College Stats
Season Totals

Professional career
After his dismissal from Tennessee, Smith signed a two-month contract with Bornova Belediye in the Turkish basketball league in March 2010. He was eligible for the 2010 NBA draft, but was not selected. Some credit this to his legal problems. On January 24, 2013, he signed a contract with Boulazac Basket Dordogne Club in France.

On December 5, 2018, Smith returned to Israel for a second stint, signing with Elitzur Eito Ashkelon for the rest of the season. In 22 games played for Ashkelon, he averaged 16 points, 8.6 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game, shooting 66 percent from 2-point range.

References

External links
RealGM profile
French League profile
Tennessee Volunteers bio
NBA Draft 2009 Scouting Report

1986 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Tennessee
Bornova Belediye players
Elitzur Eito Ashkelon players
Hapoel Holon players
Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players
Medi Bayreuth players
People from Pulaski, Tennessee
Petkim Spor players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Tennessee Volunteers basketball players
Hargrave Military Academy alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

Tyler Smith (basketball)


The Rutgers Scarlet Knights are the athletic teams that represent Rutgers University's New Brunswick campus. In sports, Rutgers is famously known for being the "Birthplace of College Football", hosting the first ever intercollegiate football game on November 6, 1869, in which Rutgers defeated a team from the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) with a score of 6 runs to 4.

Among the first American schools to participate in intercollegiate athletics, Rutgers currently fields 27 teams in the Big Ten Conference, which participates in Division I competition, as sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the following sports: baseball, basketball, cross country, field hockey, football, golf, gymnastics, lacrosse, rowing, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, swimming and diving, wrestling, and volleyball. The athletic programs compete under the name Scarlet Knights, after the Rutgers University mascot which was chosen in 1955 by the student body.

The Rutgers campuses in Newark and Camden also participate in intercollegiate competition — under the names Scarlet Raiders and Scarlet Raptors, respectively — in NCAA Division III.

Athletic heritage

Rutgers was among the first American institutions to engage in intercollegiate athletics. The university participated in a small circle of schools that included Yale University, Columbia University and long-time rival, Princeton University (then called The College of New Jersey). The four schools met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in Manhattan on October 19, 1873, to establish a set of rules governing their intercollegiate competition, and particularly to codify the new game of football. Though invited, Harvard University chose not to attend. In the early years of intercollegiate athletics, the circle of schools that participated in these athletic events were located solely in the American Northeast. However, by the turn of the century, colleges and universities across the United States also began to participate.

The first intercollegiate athletic event at Rutgers was a baseball game on May 2, 1866, against Princeton in which they suffered a 40–2 loss. Rutgers University is often referred to as The Birthplace of College Football as the first intercollegiate football game was held on College Field between Rutgers and Princeton on November 6, 1869, in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The game was played on a plot of ground where the present-day College Avenue Gymnasium now stands (although the game was based more on soccer than on rugby, unlike the current version of American football, which takes its rules from a rugby-based framework.). Rutgers won the game, with a score of 6 goals to Princeton's 4. (roughly 36-24 currently). According to Parke H. Davis, the 1869 Rutgers football team shared the national title with Princeton.

For much of its athletic history starting in 1866, Rutgers remained unaffiliated with any formal athletic conference and was classified as "independent". From 1946 to 1951, the university was a member of the Middle Three Conference, along with Lafayette and Lehigh. Rutgers considered petitioning to join the Ivy League at the formation of that conference in 1954. From 1958 to 1961, Rutgers was a member of the Middle Atlantic Conference. From 1976 to 1995, Rutgers was a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference for most sports while being an Eastern Independent in football.

Rutgers remained independent until 1991 when it joined the Big East Conference for football. All sports programs at Rutgers subsequently became affiliated with the Big East in 1995. On July 1, 2014, Rutgers became a member of the Big Ten athletic conference, after paying an $11.5 million exit fee to the American Athletic Conference (which formed as a result of the splitting of the Big East Conference).

While in the Big East, the Scarlet Knights won four conference tournament titles: men's soccer (1997), baseball (2000, 2007), and women's basketball (2007). Several other teams have won regular season titles, but failed to win the conference's championship tournament. Recently, the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team has achieved success on the gridiron after several years of losing seasons. They were invited to the Insight Bowl on December 27, 2005, but lost 45 to 40 against Arizona State. This was Rutgers' first bowl appearance since a December 16, 1978, loss against Arizona State. The score of the game was 34 to 18 at the Garden State Bowl against ASU (which was the first bowl game in which Rutgers was a participant). In 2006, the Scarlet Knights were invited to the inaugural Texas Bowl, in Houston, Texas, in which they defeated the Kansas State Wildcats 37 to 10. On January 5, 2008, Rutgers faced Ball State in the International Bowl held in Toronto, making it their third straight bowl game for the first time in the program's history. They won the game 52–30. Following the 2008 regular season, Rutgers was invited to the Papajohns.com Bowl, where on December 29, 2008, they defeated the North Carolina State University Wolfpack by a score of 29 to 23 for their third straight bowl win. On December 19, 2009, the Scarlet Knights won their fourth straight bowl game by defeating the University of Central Florida 45–28 in the St. Petersburg Bowl. On December 20, 2011, Rutgers faced Iowa State in the Pinstripe Bowl and beat them 27 to 13. On December 28, 2013, the Rutgers Scarlet Knights faced the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the New Era Pinstripe Bowl, which they lost 16 to 29. On December 26, 2014, Rutgers played in the Quick Lane Bowl vs the North Carolina Tar Heels in a 40–21 victory. Their most recent bowl game was on December 31, 2021, as the Scarlet Knights lost to Wake Forest 38-10 in the Taxslayer Gator Bowl.

School spirit

Colors and mascots
Rutgers University's school color is scarlet. Initially, students sought to make orange the school color, citing Rutgers' Dutch heritage and in reference to the Prince of Orange. The Daily Targum first proposed that scarlet be adopted in May 1869, claiming that it was a striking color and because scarlet ribbon was easily obtained. During the first intercollegiate football game with Princeton on November 6, 1869, the players from Rutgers wore scarlet-colored turbans and handkerchiefs to distinguish them as a team from the Princeton players. The Board of Trustees officially made scarlet the school colors in 1900.

In its early days, Rutgers athletes were known informally as "The Scarlet" in reference to the school color, or as "Queensmen" in reference to the institution's first name, Queen's College. In 1925, the mascot was changed to Chanticleer, a fighting rooster from the medieval fable Reynard the Fox (Le Roman de Renart) which was used by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Canterbury Tales. At the time, the student humour magazine at Rutgers was called Chanticleer, and one of its early arts editors, Ozzie Nelson (later of The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet fame) was quarterback of the Rutgers team from 1924 to 1926. The Chanticleer mascot was unveiled at a football game against Lafayette College, in which Lafayette was also introducing a new mascot, a leopard. However, the choice of Chanticleer as a mascot was often the subject of ridicule because of its association with "being chicken." In 1955, the mascot was changed to the Scarlet Knight after a campus-wide election, beating out other contenders such as "Queensmen", the "Scarlet", the "Red Lions", the "Redmen" and the "Flying Dutchmen." Earlier proposed nicknames included "Pioneers" and "Cannoneers". When Harvey Harman, then coach of the football team, was asked why he supported changing the Rutgers mascot, he was quoted as saying, "You can call it the Chanticleer, you can call it a fighting cock, you can call it any damn thing you want, but everybody knows it's a chicken." Harman later is said to have bought the first "Scarlet Knight" mascot costume for the 1955 season, which was to be his final season as football coach at Rutgers.

The student that wears the Scarlet Knight costume remains anonymous, and may not admit to being the scarlet knight during his term. Rutgers clubs that seek to rent the Scarlet Knight may do so for 75 dollars.

School songs and chants
Several school songs are connected with the school's athletic heritage. The alma mater of Rutgers University is On the Banks of the Old Raritan with words written by Howard Fullerton (Rutgers Class of 1874) and adapted to an old Scottish melody On the Banks of the Old Dundee. It is typically performed at the close of athletic events by the university's marching band, the Marching Scarlet Knights (also called "The Pride of New Jersey"), at Rutgers University Glee Club concerts, commencement and other important school events. The university's fight song, The Bells Must Ring, is performed often during athletic events especially in recognition of notable scores. Written in 1931 for entry in a student song contest, pianist Richard M. Hadden (Rutgers Class of 1932) composed the song with W. E. Sanford (Rutgers Class of 1930). Between the verses of the fight song, the spirit chant is rhythmically shouted.

This chant is one of many recited during Rutgers athletic events. Another popular chant, where one side of the crowd yells out "R" and the other "U" antiphonally, is often performed. The original spirit chant used at Rutgers was "Rah! Rah! Rah! Bow-wow-wow! Rutgers!"  However, it has not been performed in the modern era.

Other notable songs include Nobody ever died for Dear Old Rutgers composed by Jule Styne to lyrics by Sammy Cahn from the 1947 musical High Button Shoes parodies an 1892 game in which Frank "Pop" Grant, a Rutgers football player, was being taken from the field because of injuries and stated that he would "die for dear old Rutgers." Other's sources state that the player stated "I will die if somebody does not give me a cigarette." The song Loyal Sons which exhorts Rutgers athletes (particularly football players) to "hit the line and run the ends boys...Score once more. Oh score once more."

Athletic rivalry

Rutgers maintains athletic rivalries with other collegiate institutions. The university has historic rivalries with Lafayette College, Lehigh University, Princeton University and Columbia University (formerly King's College) originating from the early days of college football. While they maintain the Princeton rivalry in other sports, neither of them have met in football since 1980. Rutgers has a men's basketball rivalry with Seton Hall University.

The university's longest active football rivalry is with Navy (dating back to 1891). This rivalry stems from Navy and Rutgers being two of the only three programs (the third is Army) to come out of the original, informal "Ivy League" that are still members of the top tier of NCAA college football (currently Division I FBS). Rutgers was a part of a round-robin conference known as the Middle Three Conference in football from 1929 through 1976, which included Lafayette and Lehigh. The winner of the annual round-robin received the Little Brass Cannon. The schools frequently met in other intercollegiate sports.(See Before There Was An Ivy League.)

Teams

Football

Despite being the "Birthplace of College Football" and sharing the 1869 national championship with Princeton University in the first year of intercollegiate play, Rutgers has not had an overly successful heritage in the sport through the years. With 667 losses, Rutgers is among the losingest programs in the history of college football.  Especially in the last three decades, Rutgers was regarded as one of the worst teams in what is now known as FBS (known as Division I-A before 2006), posting several losing seasons in a row and raising discussion of possibly reducing the team to I-AA/FCS competition. For most of its existence, the football team was not associated with any formal football conference and remained independent even when the first football leagues were forming. At present, Rutgers participates in Division I FBS and joined the Big Ten Conference in 2014, after more than two decades in the original Big East Conference and one season in its football-sponsoring offshoot, the American Athletic Conference. The current coach is Greg Schiano, who replaced Chris Ash. Prior to Ash, the coach was Kyle Flood, who was let go from the program after a poor 2015 season. Flood had replaced Schiano who, after leading Rutgers to its first bowl games in decades, accepted the head coaching job for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

2006 season

In 2006, Rutgers boasted its best season in three decades, beginning its first nine games undefeated. Sports commentators and writers began referring to the 2006 season as Rutgers' "Cinderella season" as each week passed in victory, and Rutgers gained nationwide attention and raised discussion of a possible national championship appearance. Rutgers ascended the major college football polls from starting the season unranked to achieving its highest ranking ever after the Scarlet Knights' November 9 victory over the third-ranked, undefeated Louisville Cardinals. The 28–25 contest was won by kicker Jeremy Ito, who kicked the game-winning field goal at the end of the game. After the field goal was made, announcer Chris Carlan said his famous line: "It's pandemonium in Piscataway!" as excited fans stormed the field. "Piscataway" references the fact that the game was played in Piscataway, New Jersey, where Rutgers' Football Stadium is located. Rutgers fans still revel in the memory of the game, as it alleviated the stress of so many losing seasons, and marked the pinnacle of Rutgers football. Many fans consider it to be the best football game in Rutgers history. After this game, Rutgers jumped to seventh in the AP Poll, eighth in the USA Today/Coaches poll, seventh in the Harris Interactive Poll, and sixth in the Bowl Championship Series rankings. Finishing the regular season with a record of 10–2, with losses to the Cincinnati Bearcats and West Virginia Mountaineers. With a 37–10 victory over the Kansas State Wildcats in the inaugural Texas Bowl, Rutgers finished the 2006 season with a record of 11–2 and were ranked twelfth in the nation in the final Associated Press poll. This was Rutgers' highest final ranking ever in any national football poll, although they were ranked in the Top 25 of the Associated Press final poll previously in 1958, 1961 and 1976.

The 2006 team featured players such as Maxwell Award finalist, All-American halfback Ray Rice, quarterback Mike Teel, fullback Brian Leonard, tight end Clark Harris, wide receiver Tiquan Underwood, All-American defensive tackle Eric Foster, safety Courtney Greene, kicker Jeremy Ito, and punter Joe Radigan, who holds the longest-punt record (78 yards) in Rutgers history. Rice, who during the season broke several Rutgers football records, and with 1,794 rushing yards set the Big East's single-season record, came in seventh in voting for the 2006 Heisman Trophy. Head Coach Greg Schiano was awarded the 2006 Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year Award, the Home Depot Coach of the Year Award and the Eddie Robinson Coach of the Year award from the Football Writers Association of America.

Men's basketball

The Rutgers men's basketball team was among the "Final Four" in the 1976 Division I NCAA Tournament and ended the 1976 season ranked fourth in the nation, after an 86–70 loss against the Michigan Wolverines in the semifinal round and a 106–92 loss to the UCLA Bruins in the tournament's third-place consolation game. This was the last men's Division I tournament to date to feature two unbeaten teams, as both Indiana, who won that year's title, and Rutgers entered the tournament unbeaten. Rutgers went 31–0 during the regular season.

The Scarlet Knights also played in the 2004 NIT Final, where they were defeated by the Michigan Wolverines. In 2005–2006 Quincy Douby set a Rutgers Basketball single season record by scoring 839 points. He left after his junior year to enter the NBA Draft. Center Hamady N'Diaye, taken by the Minnesota Timberwolves and traded to the Washington Wizards during the 2010 NBA draft, was the last former Scarlet Knight in the NBA. The Scarlet Knights' current coach is Steve Pikiell.

Women's basketball

The Scarlet Knights women's basketball of late has been one of the more successful programs in the school. A notable season would be the 2005–2006 season, when Rutgers at one point was ranked fourth in the nation and reached the Elite Eight behind the shooting of Cappie Pondexter. In the 2006–07 season, Rutgers finished second in the regular season behind UConn, but went on to defeat the Huskies in the Big East Championship game.

Rutgers beat first seeded Duke 53–52 in the 2007 NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Tournament, and advanced to the 2007 Women's Final Four. In the national semifinals, they would defeat LSU, 59–35 and advance to their first ever National Championship game. In that game, however, they lost to the Tennessee Lady Volunteers by the score of 59–46.

In June 2007, the Rutgers women's basketball team earned the Irv Grossman Award of Merit as providing service and unique achievement to increase appreciation for and elevate the status of women's collegiate sports on a national level. The award is named after Irv Grossman, the founder of the Honda Awards Program.

In 2007, the team also won the Wilma Rudolph Courage award. This award is given annually to a female athlete or team who exhibits extraordinary courage in her athletic performance, demonstrates the ability to overcome adversity, makes significant contributions to sports and serves as an inspiration and role model to those who face challenges, overcomes them and strives for success at all levels.

The team is currently coached by Coquese Washington.

Men's lacrosse

Women's soccer
Founded in 1984, the Scarlet Knights women's soccer team has earned fourteen at-large bids to the NCAA Tournament (1987, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2021, 2022) and has won three Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference championship titles (1990, 1991, 1992).

In 2021, the Scarlet Knights won the first Big Ten team title in school history, going undefeated against Big Ten teams during the regular season.

Field hockey
In 2021, the Scarlet Knights defeated the Michigan Wolverines by a score of 1-0 in the Big Ten tournament championship game. The Scarlet Knights became the first Rutgers program to ever win a Big Ten Tournament championship, and just the second RU program to earn any Big Ten Championship after the women's soccer program won the regular season title earlier in the same year.

Softball

The Scarlet Knights softball team has appeared in two Women's College World Series, in 1979 and 1981.

Wrestling
 On March 23, 2019, Nick Suriano and Anthony Ashnault became the first two NCAA national champions in Rutgers history.

Notable non varsity sports

Ice hockey
Ice hockey has existed in some form at Rutgers dating back to 1892 following a game against a "picked team of Princeton men" on Westons Mill Pond. Currently, the school has two teams competing at different levels of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA). The Division 1 team competes in the Northeast Collegiate Hockey League (NECHL) and the Division 2 team in the Colonial States College Hockey Conference (CSCHC). In 1998, the university hosted the ACHA Division II National Championship which was won by Life University.

Quidditch
Founded in 2013, the Rutgers Nearly Headless Knights play in a full contact, co-Ed league as a club sport team for the university. Led by president and captains Lindsay Marella and Phillip Cain, the team has won a few local tournaments and is making moves to advance in World Cup IX, the sport's national championship.

Rugby
Founded in 1965, Rutgers Rugby Football Club plays Division 1 college rugby in the Empire Conference against local rivals such as Syracuse. For the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons, Rutgers played in the College Premier Division, where they were led by Evan Fitzgerald, who holds Rutgers career records in tries scored (32) and points scored (176). Rutgers finished the 2010–11 season ranked 24th in the nation. Rutgers Rugby is active in spreading the sport of rugby throughout New Jersey through involvement in youth leagues and inter-state competitions. Rutgers Rugby is led by head coaches Mark Dobbs and Omar Rivera.

Ultimate
The first intercollegiate competition in Ultimate Frisbee (now called simply "Ultimate") was held between students from Rutgers and Princeton on November 6, 1972, to mark the one hundred third anniversary of the first intercollegiate football game. Rutgers won 29–27.
The Rutgers Ultimate club continued to thrive adopting the name Hot Animal Machine, which later became just Machine. They compete today in the Metro East division of USA Ultimate, the governing body of North American Ultimate.

Powerboating
In 1933 and 1934, Rutgers won the collegiate national championships in powerboating.

Championships

NCAA team championships
Rutgers has won 1 NCAA national championship:
Men's (1)
Fencing (1): 1949 (co-champions)
See also:
List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships
Big Ten Conference NCAA national team championships

Other national team championships
Below are 3 national team titles that were not bestowed by the NCAA:
Women's (3):
Basketball (AIAW) (1): 1982
Cheerleading (2): 1998, 2009
See also:
List of Big Ten Conference National Championships

Conference championships
 Men's Conference Champions:
 Baseball, Big East Tournament champions (1998)
 Baseball, Big East Tournament champions (2000)
 Baseball, Big East Conference champions (2000)
 Baseball, Big East Tournament champions (2007)
 Basketball, Atlantic 10 Conference Tournament champions (1989)
 Track & Field, Outdoor Big East champions (2005)
 Football, Big East Conference co-champions (2012)
 Soccer, Big Ten Tournament champions (2022)
 Women's Conference Champions:
 Basketball, Big East Tournament champions (2007)
 Soccer, Big East Conference champions (1997)
 Soccer, Big Ten Regular Season champions (2021)
 Field Hockey, Big Ten Tournament champions (2021)

Other championships
 Football postseason bowl victories:
 Texas Bowl (2006)
 International Bowl (2008)
 Papa John's Bowl (2008)
 St. Petersburg Bowl (2009)
 New Era Pinstripe Bowl (2011)
 Quick Lane Bowl (2014)
 Other championships:
 Men's track & field, Indoor IC4A Champions (2005)
 Men's track & field, Outdoor IC4A Champions (2005)
 Women's basketball, WNIT Champions (2014)

Controversy and debate

Regarding "bigger time" athletics
Rutgers University's seventeenth president, Edward J. Bloustein (1925–1989) envisioned a drive for success at Rutgers that involved participation in "bigger-time" athletics. Several of the nation's colleges became associated with Division I-AA (now FCS) when that designation was established in the late 1970s, including many of Rutgers' historic rivals like Princeton, Columbia, Lehigh and Lafayette College. Bloustein decided that Rutgers ought to pursue developments that would place the university on par with comparable state universities both academically and athletically. This led to Rutgers opting for inclusion among Division I, and later, under president Francis L. Lawrence, to join the Big East Conference in 1991.

William C. Dowling, a University Professor in the Department of English, and other like-minded faculty, students and alumni organized a movement known as "Rutgers 1000" in 1993, working to return Rutgers to its older tradition of participatory athletics by joining such institutions as the University of Chicago and NYU in the NCAA's Div III. Though the group dissolved itself in 2003 under the mistaken impression that President Richard McCormick supported its position, it was revived in 2007 when McCormick and the Board of Governors announced a $102 million expansion of the football stadium. Also in 2007, Professor Dowling came under fire from athletic director Bob Mulcahy, regarding remarks Mulcahy claimed to perceive as being insulting to minority athletes. In 2011, Dowling received the Drake Group's Robert Maynard Hutchins Award for his opposition to the degradation of academic and intellectual values at Rutgers by commercialized Div IA athletics.

Rutgers efforts to upgrade the quality of its football program have raised criticism of many alumni, faculty and students regarding the size of athletic department's budget, wishing to divert its funds elsewhere. The athletic department's budget is $35.5 million compared to a $1.6 billion budget for the entire university. Most of the athletics budget comes from self-generating revenue (ticket sales, merchandise, broadcast rights), while the rest is taken from mandatory student fees. Though widely dismissed by Rutgers 1000 supporters as a logical fallacy the argument that having a very visible football program increases the donations to the athletic department and even the university as a whole is made by some Scarlet R supporters. An increase in enrollment applications of 12% upon joining the Big Ten Conference, and applicants who score 20 points higher on the SAT would tend to bear that out.

Though some critics feared that the focus on FBS athletics would lower admissions and academic standards, the Rutgers football team set a record high for Academic Performance Rate (APR) of any Football Bowl Sub-division team with a score of 992 in 2010. A final complaint was that the upgraded football schedule would prevent competing against long standing rivals Princeton, Columbia, Lehigh, and Lafayette. However, supporters of the move claim it would make Rutgers more comparable to large, prestigious state universities such as the University of Michigan and University of California and private institutions such as Stanford University which have been touted for balancing their academic reputation with athletic success.

Budget cuts and financial woes

In the writing of New Jersey's 2006 state budget, the state legislature cut $66 million from the government's appropriations to Rutgers. The university responded by reducing several classes, laying off staff and junior faculty, and closing several programs. The athletic department announced that it would be ending six athletic programs beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year. These athletic programs affected are the men's lightweight and heavyweight Crew (see list of Rutgers Crew Olympic and National Team members below; prior to the cuts Rutgers Crew produced at least 15 Olympians and National Men's Team members), the men's swimming and diving team, men's tennis teams and the men's and women's fencing. Title IX concerns also played a significant role in these cuts.

Since joining the Big Ten conference in 2014, Rutgers racked up $265 million debt by 2021, leading Phil Murphy, the governor of New Jersey, to describe the financial situation as "quite concerning". In March 2022, Rutgers president Jonathan Holloway admitted that the athletic department was "highly unlikely" to break even despite Big 10 revenue and increased investments.

Venues

New Brunswick/Piscataway

Rutgers University fields 27 sports teams from their New Brunswick Campus for NCAA Division I competition, with the football team playing in the top-level FBS subdivision. Most of the university's 14 athletic venues and facilities are currently located in Piscataway on the Busch and Livingston campuses, with two facilities in New Brunswick (the College Avenue Gymnasium and the Class of 1914 Boathouse). Though the College Avenue Gymnasium has hosted a large variety of athletic events—including memorable games in the 1976 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament in which Rutgers advanced to the "Final Four", subsequently ending the season fourth in the nation—it was also the site of conventions to revise the New Jersey State Constitution in 1947 and 1966.

One hundred and twenty-five years after Rutgers and Princeton inaugurated the tradition of American football, High Point Solutions Stadium, which opened as 42,000 seat facility but has since been expanded to 52,454 capacity seating, was opened during the 1994 football season. The field at High Point Solutions Stadium is large enough to host national and international soccer matches. Jersey Mike's Arena, formerly known as the Rutgers Athletic Center, is home to the Rutgers men's and women's basketball programs and has a capacity of 8,000 seats.

The soccer teams play at Yurcak Field, which accommodates over 5,000 fans. The lacrosse teams played here from 1994 until 2013 before moving to the High Point Solutions Stadium in 2014. Built in 1994, Yurcak Field, recognized as one of the premiere collegiate venues for these two sports in the United States, was named in honor of Rutgers alumnus Ronald N. Yurcak, a 1965 All-American Lacrosse player. Rutgers also operates an 18-hole 6,337-yard, par 71 golf course, designed by Hal Purdy and awarded four stars in 2004 by Golf Magazine and ranked by Golf Digest as "Best Place to Play".

Notable athletes

A growing number of alumni who participated in athletic programs during their undergraduate years at Rutgers University have continued their athletic careers professionally. A few became coaches, managers or owners of professional teams, including Alexi Lalas, Class of 1991, a former U.S. Soccer National Team member who is also the former President & General Manager of the Los Angeles Galaxy, Eddie Jordan, Class of 1977, who was Head Coach of the Philadelphia 76ers, Sonny Werblin, Class of 1932, who was founder of the New York Jets in the National Football League, and Jeff Torborg, Class of 1963, a Major League Baseball Catcher with the Los Angeles Dodgers and California Angels who went on to manage several teams in Major League Baseball and coaches of college athletic teams, including Jim Valvano, Class of 1967, who while coach at North Carolina State University won 1983 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament. Also notable, David Stern, a member of the Class of 1963, who was the commissioner of the National Basketball Association (NBA)—up until 2014.

Jon Conway, Class of 1999, is currently a goalkeeper for the Los Angeles Galaxy and Josh Gros, Class of 2003 was a midfielder for D.C. United in American Major League Soccer. Carli Lloyd, former Women's Soccer star, went on to play on the United States women's national soccer team in the 2007, 2011, and 2015 World Cups, plus the 2008 and 2012 Olympics. Lloyd is recently notable for scoring 3 goals on the way to a gold medal in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final vs Japan. Todd Frazier, 2015 MLB Homrun Derby Champion, Cincinnati Reds. Players that went on to the National Football League include: Deron Cherry, Class of 1980, (Kansas City Chiefs) member of the NFL 1980s All-Decade Team, Quarterback Ray Lucas, class of 1996, (New York Jets, Miami Dolphins 1996–2002), Quarterback Mike McMahon, Class of 2001 (Minnesota Vikings), Center Shaun O'Hara, Class of 2000, (New York Giants), Tight End L.J. Smith, Class of 2003, (Baltimore Ravens), Middle Linebacker Gary Brackett, Class of 2002, Indianapolis Colts, and Tight End Marco Battaglia, Class of 1996, (Pittsburgh Steelers) Brian Leonard (Class of 2007, drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the 2nd of the 2007 NFL Draft), Kenny Britt (Class of 2010, drafted by the Tennessee Titans 1st round of the 2009 NFL Draft)and Heisman Trophy candidate Ray Rice (Class of 2009, drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the 2008 NFL Draft), Offensive Guard Darnell Stapleton, who started for the Super Bowl Champion Pittsburgh Steelers during the championship game. David DeJesus is currently a center-fielder for the Chicago Cubs. Rutgers' successful Women's Basketball program have sent several women to the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), including Sue Wicks, Class of 1988, who played for the New York Liberty from 1997 to 2002, and was a member of the American team in the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea, and most recently Cappie Pondexter, Class of 2006, of the Phoenix Mercury and Tammy Sutton-Brown, Class of 2001, with the Charlotte Sting. Among Rutgers Men's Basketball, Roy Hinson, class of 1982, was a long-time player in the league, and Quincy Douby was drafted in 2006 as a guard for the Sacramento Kings.

Rutgers Rowing has produced an exceptional number of Olympians and National Team members who have won Olympic Medals and World Championships. Tom Price and Charlie Logg won Olympic Gold in the 1952 Summer Olympics. In total, Rutgers Rowing alumni have won at least 15 Olympic and World Championship titles and numerous other Olympic and World Championship silver and bronze medals.

Other Rutgers Rowing Olympians and National Team members include:
 Fred Borchelt 1984 Summer Olympics Silver Medal. Olympian in 1976, 1980 and 1984.
 Max Borghard. Two-time US National Team member. Currently Women's Head Coach at Rutgers University.
 Charley Butt. World Championship Silver Medalist. Currently Men's Head Coach at Harvard University.
 Steven Christensen. 1976 and 1980 Olympian (transferred to University of Pennsylvania during undergraduate career).
 David Collins. Bronze Medalist in Rowing at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
 Ned Delguercio. World Champion in 2007 and 2008.
 Jennifer Dore. 1996 and 2000 Olympian. World Champion in 1995.
 Sean Hall. 1992, 1996 and 2000 Olympian. World Champion in 1994.
 Robert Kaehler. 1992, 1996 and 2000 Olympian. World Champion in 1994, 1997, 1998 and 1999.
 Jeffrey Klepacki. 1992, 1996 and 2000 Olympian. World Champion in 1994, 1998 and 1999.
 Sharon Kriz
 Fran McGovern
 James Neil. 1992 and 1996 Olympian. World Champion 1999.
 Grant Nichols
 William Porter. World Championship Bronze Medalist. Currently Women's Head Coach at Yale University.
 Sam Stitt. 2008 Olympian. World Championship Silver and bronze medalist.
 Maite Urtasun. 2002 World Champion.

Notable Head Rowing Coaches who are Rutgers alums:
 Tom Terhaar, Head Coach of USA Women's Olympic and National Team. Under his leadership, the US Women's 8+ has won 10 consecutive World Titles including Olympic Gold in 2008 and 2012.
 Andy Teitelbaum, Women's Head Coach at Ohio State University. He has won 3 consecutive NCAA Division I Rowing Championship: 2013, 2014, 2015.
 William Porter, Women's Head Coach at Yale University. His team has won the NCAA Championship.
 Charley Butt, Men's Head Coach at Harvard University. He has coached the Harvard men's lightweight team to numerous championships over 28 years prior to being named heavyweight coach in 2013.
 Rob Friedrich, Men's Head Coach at the United States Naval Academy
 Sean Hall, Head Coach since 2015 at the storied Penn Athletic Club Rowing Association

The Super Bowl winners from 2007 to 2009 each had a Rutgers Undrafted free agent start for them:

Super Bowl XLI – Gary Brackett – Middle linebacker – Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLII – Shaun O'Hara – Center – New York Giants
Super Bowl XLIII – Darnell Stapleton – Offensive guard – Pittsburgh Steelers

Notable athletics coaches
See List of Rutgers University people#Athletic coaches

Rutgers–Newark

Rutgers–Newark fields teams for NCAA Division III competition in men's and women's soccer, basketball, tennis, and volleyball, as well as baseball for men and softball for women. The men's volleyball team competed as a Division I member through the 2014 season (2013–14 school year), but completed a transition to Division III after that season. Their teams are known as the "Scarlet Raiders." Built in 1977, the Golden Dome Athletic Center is the hub of Rutgers–Newark athletics, seating 2,000. Soccer and softball games are held on Alumni Field, while the Rutgers–Newark baseball team plays at Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium, a 6,200-seat ballpark that is home to the Newark Bears, a minor-league professional baseball franchise.

Rutgers–Camden

Rutgers–Camden fields teams for NCAA Division III competition in Men's and Women's Crew, Cross Country, Golf, Soccer, Volleyball, Basketball, Indoor Track, Baseball (men), Softball (women), and Track and Field. Their teams are known as the "Scarlet Raptors." In 2006, Rutgers–Camden won the NCAA Division III Softball championship, defeating two-time defending champion St. Thomas, 3–2 to capture the school's first national title. Rutgers–Camden basketball also holds the unfortunate distinction of the longest losing streak in college basketball, set in 1997. The team was disbanded, but student outcry lead to a re-instatement. Rutgers–Camden broke its NCAA-record 117-game losing streak with a 77–72 victory over Bloomfield College.

RVision
A part of the Rutgers University Department of Athletic Communications, RVision, is a digital media network that is responsible for providing live and highlight video coverage of many Rutgers intercollegiate athletic events. Created in 2009, RVision broadcasts more than 100 live events in addition to countless interviews and game highlights posted by the RVision staff on ScarletKnights.com. With the recent addition of Rutgers to the Big Ten Conference in 2014, RVision set up a fundraiser nicknamed RStarter. RStarter's goal was to raise $30,000 to improve all aspects of RVision and bring even better coverage of all sports to Rutgers fans. RStarter's proceeds would go toward the purchase of new cameras, laptops and student stipends. By the start of the opening day for football on August 28, 2014, fans and supporters came together and raised over $32,000 for the RVision Network.

With the addition of the university to the Big Ten Conference comes the addition of a national television outlet, the Big Ten Network (BTN). RVision and BTN work hand in hand to bring sports fanatics as much coverage as possible of Rutgers athletics. "There is an additional amount of work that BTN needs for their network that we can now shoot for them since we're here and local," said Rutgers senior associate athletics director Jason Baum, who has overseen the venture since its launch in 2009. "RVision is a three-person team led by Colin Osborne that has a lot on their plate. I don't know if there are too many people that work as many hours a year as the RVision crew." RVision has been asked by the Big Ten Network to provide footage of games, individual players, talkbacks with players and coaches, and scenic shots around campus with a Big Ten-logoed sign.

RVision continues to expand its broadcasts and its student crews. On any given day RVision can have several crews shooting multiple different athletic events all across the Rutgers–New Brunswick Campus.

Notes and references
Footnotes and citations

Books and printed materials
 Demarest, William Henry Steele. History of Rutgers College: 1776–1924. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers College, 1924). (No ISBN)
 Dowling, William C. Confessions of a Spoilsport: My Life and Hard Times Fighting Sports Corruption at an Old Eastern University. (Penn State University Press, 2007). .
 Leitch, A Princeton Companion (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978).
 Lukac, George J. (ed.), Aloud to Alma Mater. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966), 70–73. (No ISBN)
 McCormick, Richard P. Rutgers: a Bicentennial History. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1966).
 Schmidt, George P. Princeton and Rutgers: The Two Colonial Colleges of New Jersey''. (Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand, 1964). (No ISBN)

Online resources
 Division I-A Historical Scores Index by James Howell.

External links

Sports clubs and teams in the New York metropolitan area

Rutgers Scarlet Knights


Vietnam National Children's Hospital (VNCH) is a medical facility in Hanoi. Initially established in 1969 as Institute for the Protection of Children's Health. It was also known as Vietnam-Sweden Children's Hospital, Olof Palme Pediatric Institute, and National Hospital of Pediatrics (NHP) before adopting its present name in 2016.

The facility was designated to follow the model of pediatric department in Bach Mai Hospital of Hanoi and became the leading pediatric center in all Vietnam.

The Hospital provide treatment in neurology, respiratory diseases, malnutrition, oncology, nephrology, endocrinology, hematology, cardiology, gastroenterology, surgery, neonatology, intensive care, emergency, infectious diseases, psychiatry, anaesthesiology, surgical recovery, traditional East Asian medicine, out-patient examination, physiotherapy rehabilitation.

Each year VNCH organize services for nearly 40,000 in-patients and 350,000 out-patients and performs about 30,000 surgical operations. It also regularly conducts scientific research and training in pediatrics field.

There is an active cooperation with international organizations and hospitals from other countries of the world, including Japan International Cooperation Agency, the Royal Children's Hospital of Melbourne, the TRAC (training and research collaboration Sweden-Vietnam, where Swedish universities work together with 3 Vietnamese partners),the Friendship Organization ICPH of Sweden, the American Veterans Association, REI association of the USA, Atlantic Philanthropies, Project Vietnam (based in United States), Dartmouth College, Samsung Medical center of Korea, Babino Gesú Hospital of Italia etc.

See also
Nguyen Thanh Liem (former director)

References

External links

Hospital buildings completed in 1969
Hospitals in Hanoi
Hospitals established in 1969
1969 establishments in North Vietnam

Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics


SIMD is a cryptographic hash function based on the Merkle–Damgård construction submitted to the NIST hash function competition by Gaëtan Leurent. It is one of fourteen entries to be accepted into round two of the competition, but was not shortlisted for the third and final round.

The designer states that the "most important component of SIMD is its message expansion, which is designed to give a high minimal distance". The algorithm's speed is claimed to be 11–13 cycles per byte.

References

NIST hash function competition

SIMD (hash function)


Tempelhof-Schöneberg is one of the new borough of Berlin, formed in 2001 by merging the old boroughs of Tempelhof and Schöneberg.

Tempelhof-Schöneberg has an area of  and has, as of November 2004, about 335.000 inhabitants. Its current mayor is Ekkehard Band (SPD).

Other websites

 Official Homepage

Tempelhof-Schöneberg


"Why I Live at the P.O." is a short story written by Eudora Welty, American writer and photographer. It was published in her collection of stories named A Curtain of Green (1941). The work was inspired by a photograph taken by Welty that depicts a woman ironing at the back of a post office. The story is classified as an example of Southern realism. "Why I Live at the P.O." is one of Welty's most popular and frequently anthologized stories.

Plot

On the Fourth of July in China Grove, Mississippi, Sister, the narrator, who is also a protagonist, begins her story when her younger sister, Stella-Rondo, comes back home after separating from her husband – Mr. Whitaker. Stella brings with her a child, Shirley-T. and despite a great resemblance to Papa-Daddy (grandfather of Sister and Stella-Rondo) she claims the girl is adopted. Sister does not believe her and that begins a series of quarrels between the siblings, whose relationship has been tough since Stella caused Sister's and Mr. Whitaker's breakup and married the man. Later that day, Stella lies to Papa-Daddy about Sister suggesting that he should shave his beard, to which he is very devoted. That causes a tension between him and his granddaughter. Then Uncle Rondo enters the house and borrows Stella's negligee, which makes her comment upon his look to Sister. A while later the sisters have another argument concerning Shirley-T. – Sister claims that the girl cannot speak, which angers Stella and also makes Mama upset. Mother even suggests that Sister should apologize to Stella, but she refuses and quarrels with Mama. As a result, Stella convinces Uncle Rondo that Sister suggested that he looks like a fool in her pink kimono. This lie aggravates the uncle; he believes that Sister really vilified him and that makes him mad at her. As everyone in the house is angry with Sister because of Stella-Rondo's lies, she leaves her home and moves to the post office, where she works.

Characters

Sister – narrator and protagonist; she is the U.S. postmistress in the very small town of China Grove, Mississippi, working in a tiny one-person post office. She is one year older than Stella-Rondo. She dated Mr. Whitaker before her sister. After Stella caused their breakup and married the man their relationship became tough, although she believes that Stella-Rondo was always spoiled.
Stella-Rondo – narrator's younger sister and rival. After separating from her husband – Mr. Whitaker, she comes back home with a child, who (as she claims) is adopted. Stella tells lies to other family members; she wants to be the center of attention and expects them to give her emotional support.
Papa-Daddy – Sister's grandfather. He is very proud of his connections, which helped him get his granddaughter appointed postmistress. He is very devoted to his beard, which symbolizes the old order.
Mama – she is very supportive of her younger daughter, Stella-Rondo, and seems to favor her, although she believes that she treats the sisters equally.
Uncle Rondo – he visits his family on July 4 and borrows Stella's kimono, which leads to a quarrel. He is temperamental and easily provoked.
Shirley-T. – daughter of Stella, supposedly adopted. She is two years old.
Mr.  Whitaker - Stella-Rondo's husband, a photographer. He used to date Sister, but left her because of Stella's lie.

References

Further reading

Welty, Eudora. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
 Marrs, Suzanne. Eudora Welty: a biography. Orlando: Harcourt, 2005.

External links
 "Why I Live at the P.O."
 Fiction Writers Review on Eudora Welty's "Why I Live at the P.O."

Short stories by Eudora Welty
1941 short stories

Why I Live at the P.O.


The Head Gear System (HGS) is a future headgear ensemble under development by the U.S. Army. HGS attempts to integrate head protection against ballistics, fragmentation, blast, blunt force, flash heat, and noise into a single lightweight, modular, scalable headgear system. Program Executive Office (PEO) Soldier is working to develop a Soldier-centric Head Gear System (HGS) that provides ballistic and traumatic brain injury protection as well as face, neck, and hearing protection. The HGS also will incorporate integrated sensor inputs along with display hardware and software for increased situational awareness. The system will address technology gaps identified by the Capabilities Development Integration Directorate of the Army's Training and Doctrine Command.

Design

The headgear system will be based on a modular platform for which protection levels and system enhancements can be added or removed based on mission requirements and/or predetermined threat assessments. HGS will be a lightweight, multifunctional system that protects Soldiers from wounds to the face and neck without degrading range of motion or mobility. Hearing protection will also be included. The system will monitor the degradation of a Soldier's ability to continue operations and will record exposure to blast events. Modular, integrated chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) protection. Optimized sensor packages for use in all natural and man-made conditions, such as obscurants, will be included. The helmet system will be designed to be easily upgradeable.

Development

The HGS development effort will mature, evaluate, integrate, and demonstrate technologies for improved system performance in the areas of ballistic and impact protection, hearing protection and hearing enhancement, video displays, audio and communications systems, training sensors, and CBRN capabilities, with the overarching goal of improving comfort and combat-effectiveness. The projected completion date for this initiative is FY12.

See also

Enhanced Combat Helmet
Lightweight Helmet
Advanced Combat Helmet
Soldier Protection Demonstration

References

Combat helmets of the United States

Head Gear System


Ovalentaria is a clade of ray-finned fishes within the Percomorpha, referred to as a subseries. It is made up of a group of fish families which are referred to in Fishes of the World's fifth edition as incertae sedis, as well as the orders Mugiliformes, Cichliformes, and Blenniiformes. It was named by W. L. Smith and T. J. Near in Wainwright et al. (2012) based on a molecular phylogeny, but the authors suggested that the group was united by the presence of demersal eggs that are attached to a substrate. Some authors have used the ordinal name Stiassnyiformes for a clade including Mugiloidei, Plesiopidae, Blenniiformes, Atherinomorpha, and Cichlidae, and this grouping does appear to be monophyletic.

Classification
In the 5th edition of Fishes of the World, the Ovalentaria are classified as:

 incertae sedis
 Family Ambassidae (Asian glassfishes)
 Family Embiotocidae (surfperches)
 Family Grammatidae (basslets)
 Family Plesiopidae (roundheads)
 Family Polycentridae (South American leaffishes)
 Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes)
 Family Pseudochromidae (dottybacks)
 Family Opistognathidae (jawfishes)
 Order Mugiliformes
 Family Mugilidae (mullets)
 Order Cichliformes
 Family Cichlidae (cichilds)
 Family Pholidichthyidae (convict blenny)
 Order Blenniiformes
 Family Tripterygiidae (triplefin blennies)
 Family Dactyloscopidae (sand stargazers)
 Family Blenniidae (combtooth blennies)
 Family Clinidae (kelp blennies)
 Family Labrisomidae (labrisomid blennies)
 Family Chaenopsidae (tube blennies)
 Order Gobiesociformes
 Family Gobiesocidae (clingfishes)
 Infraseries Atherinomorpha
 Order Atheriniformes
 Suborder Atherinopsoidei
 Family Atherinopsidae (New World silversides)
 Family Notocheiridae (surf silversides)
 Suborder Atherinoidei
 Family Isonidae (surf sardines)
 Family Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfishes and blue eyes)
 Family Atherionidae (pricklenose silversides)
 Family Dentatherinidae (Mercer's tusked silverside)
 Family Phallostethidae (priapiumfishes)
 Family Atherinidae (Old World silversides)
 Order Beloniformes
 Suborder Adrianichthyoidei
 Family Adrianichthyidae
 Suborder Exocoetoidei
 Superfamily Exocoetoidea
 Family Exocoetidae (flying fishes)
 Family Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks)
 Family Zenarchopteridae (viviparous halfbeaks)
 Superfamily Scomberesocoidea
 Family Belonidae (needlefishes)
 Family Scomberesocidae (sauries)
 Order Cyprinodontiformes
 Suborder Aplocheiloidei
 Family Aplocheilidae (Asian rivulines)
 Family Nothobranchiidae (African rivulines)
 Family Rivulidae (New World rivulines)
 Suborder Cyprinodontoidei
 Superfamily Funduloidea
 Family Profundulidae (Middle American killifishes)
 Family Goodeidae
 Family Fundulidae (topminnows)
 Superfamily Valencioidea
 Family Valenciidae (Valencia toothcarps)
 Superfamily Cyprinodontoidea
 Family Cyprinodontidae (pupfishes)
 Superfamily Poecilioidea
 Family Anablepidae (four-eyed fish)
 Family Poecilidae (livebearers)

The sister clades to the Ovalentaria is the group of taxa called the Carangimorpharia or Carangaria, which includes the flatfishes, billfishes, and jacks among others.

References

Ray-finned fish orders
Percomorpha

Ovalentaria


Windows Mobile 6.0 is a third released for Windows Mobile and produced by Microsoft, It was released on February 12, 2007 at the World  3GSM in 2007. It  has been codenamed ''Crossbow'' The release started  on January 12, 2004.

Development history

As of Windows Mobile Longhorn
In November 2003, Microsoft starting the released for developer Windows Mobile Longhorn was the news codenamed is ''Crossbow'' coming on January 2004, at the Mobile World Congress on November 20, 2003, where the mistaken for Windows Mobile Longhorn, in December 17, 2003, the Windows CE 5.1 Tablet has been available for Microsoft, based for Windows Mobile Longhorn Beta.

In January 12, 2004, the codenamed ''Crossbow'' has been released for officially, the Windows Mobile Longhorn can starting history on January 15, 2004, in the milestone 1 for Windows Mobile Longhorn development, in January 21, 2004, Windows Mobile Longhorn can be leaked on Internet.

Leaked for internet
In February 2004, Windows Mobile Longhorn build 4002 is the officially for Microsoft can be released, leaked on BetaWiki on January 29, 2019. In March 13, 2004, the officially released for Windows Mobile Longhorn Beta 2 has been available for Microsoft Corporation.

Beta and Pre-RTM
In April 19, 2004, Windows Mobile Longhorn build 4074 is available leaked on BetaArchives on February 20, 2018. Windows Mobile Longhorn build 4093 can be released on June 15, 2004, based for Windows Longhorn build 4093 and 5000. In January 2006, Microsoft released Pre-RTM for Windows Mobile Longhorn, can renamed for Windows Mobile Longhorn to Windows Mobile 6.0 on January 20, 2006. In January 30, 2006, Windows Mobile 6.0 can launch for 5 device in LG, Samsung, HTC Vouge and Vodafone, at the Mobile World Congress 2006. In March 2006, Windows Mobile 6.0 by Microsoft can be released by schedule on February 12, 2007. In May 16, 2006, Windows Mobile Longhorn is mainstream support for sale and extended support as for on May 29, 2006. Windows Mobile 6.0 can be released on February 12, 2007, in January 3, 2007, the officiall Pre-RTM for Windows Mobile 6.0 can reach renamed is RTM version for Windows Mobile 6.0 officially.

Features and user interface
Windows Mobile 6.0 can succesor for the desktop Windows CE 6.1 and 6.2, released from Microsoft on April 12, 2007 at the Mobile World Congress on 2007, the first mobile device can released next version for Windows Mobile 6.1, released on 2008, in Windows Mobile 6.0 family, Windows CE 6.2 can be use for enterprise, family, business and more, not the student and teacher, Windows CE 6.2 can reach released on April 12, 2007, in the next of Windows CE 6.1, in the next Windows logo below sticker inside Windows Mobile 6.0, look like the Windows Mobile 5.0, can released for Windows CE Tablet PC Congress on June 16, 2008. Can launch for Windows Mobile 6.0 and Windows Mobile 6.1, Windows CE Tablet PC Congress was released taken on May 15, 2008 in Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, in July 2008, Windows CE Tablet PC Congress was available for different language : Japanese, Chinese, Indian, Turkey, Arabian and English. Windows Mobile 6.0 can succesor from the Windows CE Tablet PC Congress developed for Windows Mobile 6.1 was developer until January 7, 2009. In Windows Mobile 6.0 features, the main for theme in the blue light colored, the Windows Start can like for Windows Mobile 6.0, about the succesor for operating system Windows Vista Business. In next features, can be the smillar icon for sounds and record.

Distribution
Windows Mobile 6.0 was released extended awards on January 14, 2009, available from United States and United Kingdom on January 25, 2009, in the state for Bill Gates say : ''We never say for Windows Tablet PC again'', succesor for Windows Vista Business edition.

In February 28, 2009, Windows Mobile 6.0 was available for 110% awards, in September 2009 has been an 185% awards, the succeded for Windows Mobile 6.1 has been mainstream support for Service Update 1 has been ended on January 14, 2010.

Related pages
 Windows Mobile
 Windows Vista
 Windows XP
 Windows 7

Other websites

Microsoft operating systems

Windows Mobile 6.0


Jan Janků (born 10 August 1971 in Česká Lípa) is a former Czech high jumper.

His personal bests are 2.30 m indoors and 2.29 m outdoors. His younger brother Tomáš Janků is also a prominent high jumper.

He is married to Katerina Babova, a sister of the high jumper Jaroslav Bába. The couple has one son, Jan Junior, born in 2007.

Achievements

References

1971 births
Living people
People from Česká Lípa
Czech male high jumpers
Sportspeople from the Liberec Region

Jan Janků


John Homer Schaar (July 7, 1928 – December 26, 2011), also known as Jack Schaar, was an American political theorist.  He was a professor emeritus at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Schaar was born in Montoursville, Pennsylvania, and raised on a farm in a Lutheran family.

Early life and education
Schaar received his Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees from the University of California, Los Angeles.  He taught political theory at the University of California, Berkeley, where his theory colleagues included Sheldon Wolin, Norman Jacobson, Michael Rogin, and Hanna Pitkin. In 1970 he moved to UC Santa Cruz. At Berkeley, he was a significant influence on the Free Speech Movement of the 1960s.

His closest students included the late Wilson Carey McWilliams, Jeff Lustig, Douglas Lummis, Marge Frantz, J. Peter Euben, Frank Bardacke, Joshua Miller, and S. Paige Baty. He frequently taught at Deep Springs College. His central political values included community, democracy, and political participation. He published articles on patriotism, equality, and authority. He advocated the decentralization of political and economic power.

Personal life
He was married to political theorist Hanna Pitkin, and together they resided in the Santa Cruz mountains.

Publications
 Loyalty in America (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957).
 Escape from Authority: The Perspectives of Erich Fromm (New York: Basic Books, 1961).
 The Berkeley Rebellion and Beyond: Essays on Politics & Education in the Technological Society, co-authored with Sheldon S. Wolin (New York: New York Review Book, 1970).
 Legitimacy in the Modern State (collected essays) (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press, 1981). See especially the title essay and "The Case for Patriotism."

External links
 What is Patriotism?, John Schaar et al., at The Nation, July 15, 1991
 Links at The New York Review of Books

1928 births
American political philosophers
Deep Springs College faculty
University of California, Santa Cruz faculty
2011 deaths

John Schaar


The District Five Schoolhouse, also known as the Fenner Hill School, is a historic former school building at 449 School Street in Webster, Massachusetts.  Built in 1835, the one-room schoolhouse was the first school building built by the recently incorporated town of Webster.  It served the town as a school for 100 years, after which it was used by the school system for storage.  In 1966 it became the museum and headquarters of the Webster-Dudley Historical Society.  The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

Description and history
The District Five Schoolhouse is located south of Webster's central business district, on the east side of School Street, historically the major route leading south toward Thompson, Connecticut.  It is a single story brick building, rectangular in shape, with a gable roof oriented parallel to the street.  A gable-roofed wood frame vestibule on the south side houses the main entrance, and a shed-roof ell extends to the north.  The east and west sides each have three sash windows.  The interior houses a single classroom, with the northern ell originally housing wood storage and a bathroom, now altered to house a kitchen and bath.

The town of Webster was incorporated in 1832, principally by the efforts of early industrialist Samuel Slater, out of neighboring towns.  This school was built soon afterward, and was the first school to be built in the new town, at a cost of $447.50.  Although the town abolished its district school system in 1867, this school remained open, serving the nearby neighborhood.  In 1883 the school designated one of the town's primary schools.  The school was briefly closed during the Great Depression, and was permanently closed in 1939.  After being used by the town for storage for many years, it was leased in 1962 to the local historical society for $1, on the condition it be used as a museum.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Worcester County, Massachusetts

References

External links
 Webster-Dudley Historical Society

School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Schoolhouses in Massachusetts
Schools in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Webster, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Worcester County, Massachusetts
School buildings completed in 1835
Greek Revival architecture in Massachusetts
Museums in Worcester County, Massachusetts

District Five Schoolhouse


Conrad II Otto (; /1140 – 9 September 1191), a member of Přemyslid dynasty, was the first margrave of Moravia from 1182 to 1189 and duke of Bohemia from 1189 until his death.

Family history
Conrad was the son of count Conrad II of Znojmo and Maria, a daughter of Grand Prince Uroš I of Serbia. Conrad was the grandson of Luitpold, the first ruler of the Přemyslid appanage of Znojmo in southern Moravia. Conrad's sister Helen of Znojmo became a Polish duchess by her marriage to High Duke Casimir II the Just.

Rule over Znojmo
After the death of his father in 1161, he assumed the rule over the Znojmo principality. In 1173 he occupied the lands of Brno, which controlled more than the half of the Moravian territory (except for Olomouc) at that time. When in summer 1176 he also invaded the region north of the Danube that belonged to Duke Soběslav II of Bohemia, he became entangled in the duke's conflict with his nephew Frederick (Bedřich). Conrad attacked churches and monasteries and was excommunicated by Pope Alexander III.

After Frederick had again obtained the support of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, Conrad and Duke Leopold V of Austria joined him on his campaign into Moravia and the occupation of Prague in 1178. Frederick was re-installed as Bohemian duke and Conrad expected to be rewarded with Olomouc, however, his hopes were dashed.

Margrave of Moravia
Conrad took a chance on revenge when he rose against the unpopular Frederick in 1182. The duke fled from Prague and only with the emperor's consent was able to retain the Bohemian throne. At the same time, Frederick Barbarossa aimed at weakening his rule: he summoned the adversaries to the Imperial Diet at Regensburg, where he appointed Conrad ruler of the united principalities of Znojmo, Brno and Olomouc, elevated to the Margraviate of Moravia. Deliberately or not, these measures only fuelled the internal Přemyslid quarrels. The conflict between the Bohemian and the Moravian branches culminated in a bloody battle at Loděnice on 10 December 1185, after which both sides chose to enter into peace negotiations. Conrad and Frederick met at Knín, where the margrave recognised Frederick's suzerainty and was acknowledged in turn as ruler of Moravia by the duke and as his successor upon his death.

Duke of Bohemia
When Frederick died on 25 March 1189, Conrad was made duke with the unanimous support of the Bohemian nobility. He renounced his margravial title in order to unite the Bohemian and Moravian lands under his rule. In May of that year, he received the formal affirmation of the emperor. Conrad assumed an active role in Imperial politics, arbitrating in the conflict around the disputed succession of Margrave Otto II of Meissen.

During his short reign in Bohemia, Duke Conrad was beholden to the nobles. He was forced to concede them a set of privileges by the iura Conradi (Czech: Statuta Konrádova), the first Bohemian codex issued at Sadská in 1189. Among the concessions were these:
freemen guaranteed against the abuses of the duke or the provincial courts under his župans
extension of the right of inheritance to the daughters and brothers of deceased lords
confiscation of property only after a long legal procedure conforming to local custom.
In 1190, Conrad and his mother Maria founded the Premonstratensian Louka Abbey in Znojmo.

Released from the obligation of participating in the Third Crusade, Conrad accompanied Henry VI, the emperor's son, to Southern Italy as part of his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Sicily from Tancred in right of Henry's wife Constance. On the campaign, Conrad died of the plague in an Imperial military camp near besieged Naples. First buried in Monte Cassino Abbey, his mortal remains were later transferred to Prague.

Conrad's marriage with Hellicha of Wittelsbach remained childless. He was succeeded by Wenceslaus II, a younger brother of late Duke Soběslav II of Bohemia.

References

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Dukes of Bohemia
Year of birth unknown
1191 deaths
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Roman Catholic monarchs
Czech people of Serbian descent
12th-century deaths from plague (disease)
12th-century people from Bohemia.
Bohemian monarchs

Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia