Morda is a village on the outskirts of the town of Oswestry, Shropshire, England, located near the border of England and Wales.

The village is named after the River Morda, a tributary of the River Vyrnwy.

History
The Morda Valley

Prior to 1792, Morda comprised the Drill Inn, perhaps one or two farms, and possibly a small flour mill. The following decades of the Industrial Revolution saw several factories and mills spring up along the banks of the village's namesake river, which provided a ready source of power for machinery. These mills were used to grind corn for flour, and to manufacture textiles, paper and animal products. Dwellings were also built at this time to house the local workforce, which comprised blacksmiths, wheelwrights and millwrights among other craftspeople.

The village's main enterprise at the end of the 18th century was that of Warren Roberts & Co., originally of Manchester, who opened several mills for the printing and dyeing of calico. Calico activities ceased in Morda around 1818.

The village's present school was erected in 1872, replacing one that operated in a malt kiln behind the Drill Inn from around 1850.

Coal mining and brick making

There were several good sources of coal in Shropshire and in its heyday in the 1800s the local mining industry rivalled neighbouring Staffordshire in its output. Contributing to this productivity was coal extracted from Morda, Coed-y-go and Trefonen. The coal in the area was often close to the surface and accordingly the bell pit was a common method of extraction.

By the turn of the 19th century, the Ellesmere Canal and the Shropshire Union offshoot opened up the markets to the north and for some fifty years, much coal mining would take place in Morda. In 1813 the Morda Tramway was laid down to transport coal to the canal at Maesbury. In 1860 local entrepreneur Thomas Savin constructed a railway to link the Morda pits to the main line of the Cambrian Railway at Whitehaven, near Llynclys. The railway opened in 1861 but Savin's bankruptcy in 1866 ended matters and his mine closed in 1869.

As some of the mines in the area became flooded, their owners turned instead to utilising the clay dug out as a by-product of mining. This clay was most often used in the making of bricks and pottery items.

Coal extraction had mostly ended in the Morda field by 1900.

Morda House

The village was home to Morda House, otherwise known as the House of Industry or Oswestry Workhouse, originally opened in 1792 as the communal workhouse for Oswestry, Chirk and Llansilin. After the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 the workhouse's scope was extended to take in people from many more of the surrounding parishes.

The main workhouse was a substantial three-storey building that could accommodate up to 300 inmates. In 1891 a 16-bed isolation hospital was erected to the south-east of the workhouse. This later became the Oswestry and Chirk Isolation Hospital, and then Greenfields Hospital. Since the 1980s the former hospital has housed Morda & Sweeney Social Club.

The main workhouse building was destroyed by fire in 1982. The only surviving part of it was a two-storey section that was later incorporated into a private residence.

Morda United F.C.
The village is home to the football club Morda United, which plays at the Weston Road Ground. The club was first founded as Morda F.C. in the 1800s, but folded in the mid-1900s. The club was reformed in the 1970s under the name of Morda United F.C. and played throughout central Wales and the West Midlands for more than 40 years. Notable success came in 1991, when the club became Mid Wales Football League champions. Following a period of dormancy from 2017, Morda United reformed and returned to playing action in 2020 in the Shropshire County Football League.

Other
Morda features heavily in Dear Thief (2014), a novel by the award-winning author Samantha Harvey.

References

External links
 Morda at A Vision of Britain through Time
 Morda CofE Primary School
Morda United F.C.

Villages in Shropshire

Morda


The Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy (ICM) is a monarchist political  party in Iraq formerly led by the late Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein.

Al-Hussein was related to the Hashemite royal family which ruled Iraq until 1958. He had succeeded in establishing himself as a claimant in the international press and (in the politics of Iraq). Prince Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein was the only Iraqi royal campaigning in Iraq for the return of a monarchy based on a constitutional monarchy. Some critics asserted he was not even in line to the throne according to the constitution of the old Iraqi monarchy (The Iraqi Constitution as amended in November 1943). According to this constitution, the heir to the monarchy would be Prince Ra'ad (born 1936), Lord Chamberlain of Jordan, and the heir apparent Prince Zeid bin Ra'ad, a former Jordanian diplomat who was active within the United Nations.

Goals of the Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy

First: To uphold the unity of the Iraqi nation and to maintain its sovereign independence.

Second: To affirm the Islamic identity of Iraq while respecting all religions and beliefs and recognizing their inviolable rights.

Third:  To implement a free and direct national referendum to decide the nature of government and the Head of State.

Fourth: To draft a permanent Constitution to be confirmed by the people of Iraq in a free public referendum.

Fifth: That the nature of the Monarchy will be hereditary and constitutional emanating from the will of the people and that the Monarch would be the symbol of the unity of the people and the pride and honor of the nation.

Sixth:  The establishment of a pluralistic democratic state in which power is transferred via the ballot box and the establishment of healthy democratic institutions on the basis of the complete separation of power between the executive legislative and judicial branches.

Seventh:  The affirmation of the sanctity of the judiciary and its independence from any group or person in the state.

Eighth: To completely uphold the principals of basic human rights as laid down by religion, the United Nations, and international institutions.

Ninth:  That the armed forces belong to the people and that their sacred mission is to protect the nation from external aggression and are prohibited from any political activity.

Tenth:  To institute a free economy and encourage and develop the industrial agricultural and commercial sectors while maintaining a balance between the rights of ownership and the free market and the rights of the people to social justice equal opportunity and basic amenities.

Eleventh: To implement a comprehensive national reconciliation based on forgiveness and absolution far from a desire for vengeance and retribution with due consideration for the rule of law and justice.

Twelfth: To amend the legacy left by the dark era on the basis of just laws with foremost consideration for ethnic and secular issues, the nationality law, voluntary and forced emigration and on the foundation of equal rights and responsibilities for all citizens as stated in the permanent constitution.

References

External links
 Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy

2003 establishments in Iraq
Political parties established in 2003
Political parties in Iraq
Monarchist parties in Iraq
Monarchist organizations

Iraqi Constitutional Monarchy


Got7 (; romanized as Gatsebeun; stylized as GOT7) is a multi-national K-pop  boy group formed in 2014.  Got7 has seven members. The leader JB, Mark, Jackson, Jinyoung, Youngjae, BamBam and Yugyeom. They are a multinational group with members from South Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand, and the United States. Got7 released their debut EP, Got It?, on January 20, 2014.  On October 22, 2014, they debuted in Japan with the release of their first Japanese single, "Around the World".

Debut
GOT7 debuted on January 16, 2014. Two members of GOT7 made their debut as "JJ Project" once in 2012. However, in 2014, the two members joined the other five members and re-debuted as "GOT7". Their debut EP(Extended Play) "Got It?" was released on January 20, 2014. Also, GOT7 has debuted in Japan too. Japanese single "AROUND THE WORLD" was released on January 22, 2014. Unfortunately, their activities in Japan have ended in 2020.

Members
This boys group's members are JB, Mark, Jackson, Jinyoung, Youngjae, BamBam, and Yugyeom. Mark is the oldest member of GOT7, but JB became the leader of this group because he has been a trainee for the longest period. Four members of GOT7 (JB, Jinyoung, Youngjae, Yugyeom) is Korean. The oldest member Mark is from the United States. Also, Jackson is a member from Hong Kong and BamBam is one from Thailand. GOT7 is a multinational idol group which consists of the above members.

Belongs
This idol group was formed by GOT7 Entertainment and GOT7 is a member of G7 Nation. All members have long been trained as trainees of JYP Entertainment. JB and Jinyoung spent the longest period of their time as trainees. Youngjae has the shortest trainee period and made his debut as GOT7 in about 7 months. In fact, he is a talented person who won his debut in a short training period among all K-POP idols. Also, some members have units. JB is forming two units with GOT7's members. One unit is "JJ Project" with Jinyoung and the other is "Jus2" with the youngest member Yugyeom.

Features
Their characters are funny like comedians and they like doing interesting things. For example, Bottle flipping. Also, the members of GOT7 are on good terms, so it is fun and noisy when they get together. In addition, they are rich in individuality, and each of them has their own color in their own songs. This group has some hit songs. For example, "Just right", "Lullaby" and "Never Ever". The Music Videos of those songs are viewed over 100 million times.

Performance
They are good at live performances. They are good at singing very much and all members can write and compose their original songs. Also, two members of GOT7 (Mark and Jackson) are very athletic and they can captivate the audience with performances which often include elements of martial arts tricking. Not only for martial arts tricking, this group is also famous for difficult dance choreography. In addition, there are members who are good at dancing(Yugyeom) and who are good at acting and also active as an actor (Jinyoung). Each member is actively engaged in solo activities.

Award history
Since their debut in 2014, they received 56 awards and 148 nominations. In 2014, Got7 won Best New Artist Group at the Seoul Music Awards and received three nominations at the 29th Golden Disk Awards, winning the Newcomer Award and China Goodwill Star Award.  Recently, they got awards "WORLDWIDE FANS' CHOICE" in 2020 MAMA (Mnet Asian Music Awards) and "year's artists awards" in TMA (THE FACT MUSIC AWARDS).

References

K-pop music groups
2014 establishments in South Korea
South Korean boy bands

Got7


Microsoft Office PerformancePoint Server is a business intelligence software product released in 2007 by Microsoft.  The product was generally an integration of the acquisitions from ProClarity - the Planning Server and Monitoring Server - into Microsoft's SharePoint server product line.  Although discontinued in 2009, the dashboard, scorecard, and analytics capabilities of PerformancePoint Server were incorporated into SharePoint 2010 and later versions.

PerformancePoint Server also provided a planning and budgeting component directly integrated with Excel.

History

Microsoft offered preview releases of PerformancePoint Server starting in mid-2006. Previews of the product were formed from Business Scorecard Manager 2005 and the Planning Server component. Acquisitions ProClarity and Great Plains brought additional analytics and planning/reporting capabilities, as well as companion products ProClarity 6.3 and FRx.

PerformancePoint Server was officially released in November 2007.

Microsoft discontinued PerformancePoint Server as an independent product in 2009 and folded its dashboard, scorecard and analytics capabilities into PerformancePoint Services in SharePoint Server 2010.

Monitoring Server Component
Business monitoring capabilities, including dashboards, scorecards & key performance indicators, navigable reports for deeper analysis, strategy maps, and linked filtering, are provided by PerformancePoint's Monitoring Server component. A Dashboard Designer application that is distributed from Monitoring Server enables business analysts or IT Administrators to:

 create & test data source connections
 create views that use those data connections
 assemble the views into a dashboard
 deploy the dashboard as a SharePoint page

Dashboard Designer saved content and security information back to the Monitoring Server. Data source connections, such as OLAP cubes or relational tables, were also made through Monitoring Server.

After a dashboard has been published to the Monitoring Server database, it would be deployed as a SharePoint page and shared with other users as such. When the pages were opened in a web browser, Monitoring Server updated the data in the views by connecting back to the original data sources.

Planning Server Component
PerformancePoint's Planning Server component supported maintenance of logical business models, budget & approval workflows, enterprise data sources, and it followed Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Planning Server made use of Excel for input and line-of-business reporting, as well as SQL Server for storing and processing business models.

Management Reporter Component
The Management Reporter component was designed to perform financial reporting and can read PerformancePoint Planning models directly. A development kit was also available to allow this component to read other models.

References

External links
 PerformancePoint Server 2007 Developer Portal
 Data Puzzle
 PerformancePoint Insider
 Performance Point Planning being discontinued

Microsoft Office servers
Business intelligence software
Data management


David Longstreth (born December 17, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is the lead singer and guitarist for the band Dirty Projectors.

Biography
Longstreth was born in Southbury, Connecticut. Longstreth attended Yale University and majored in music shortly before dropping out halfway through his second year. He stated that "he rarely ventured out of his dorm room. He found himself completely absorbed in making his own music, though there wasn't really anyone to play it for." After dropping out, he moved in with his brother in Portland, Oregon and worked on his first album The Graceful Fallen Mango, which he released in 2002. Shortly after completing the album, Longstreth returned to Yale to finish his degree and began making music under the Dirty Projectors title. He proceeded to record multiple records under the name during his time at Yale.

In 2015, he contributed to "FourFiveSeconds", a collaborative song by Rihanna, Kanye West and Paul McCartney. That same year, he composed a classical composition called "Michael Jordan". It was composed for New York group Ensemble LPR. He also contributed to the orchestral arrangement for the song "Time, As a Symptom" on the album Divers by American musician Joanna Newsom. In 2016, he produced the album Azel by Nigerian musician Bombino and collaborated on the Solange release, A Seat at the Table.

Longstreth is the younger brother of American painter, musician, and internet radio personality Jake Longstreth.

References

American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
1981 births
Living people
People from Southbury, Connecticut
Yale School of Music alumni
Dirty Projectors members
Domino Recording Company artists
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American guitarists

David Longstreth


Gismonda is a Greek-set melodrama in four acts by Victorien Sardou that premiered on October 31, 1894  at the Théâtre de la Renaissance. In 1918, the play was adapted for the now lost film Love's Conquest. In 1918/1919, it was adapted into the opera Gismonda by Henry Février.

Plot

Act I

Act I starts in 1451 in Athens at the foot of the Acropolis.

In the opening act, we find Gismonda, the widow of the Duke of Athens, and the mother of his child, a five-year-old boy named Francesco. Gismonda is the ruling power of the duchy as regent for her son, an absolute monarch. She is surrounded by a flattering court, among whom is a Venetian, named Zaccaria Franco, who loved the Duchess before she married the Duke of Athens. He is seemingly one of her strongest supporters, but is actually trying to seize power for himself. Zaccaria is in league with the Turks, who support him in his plotting against the duchy. Gismonda's young son Francesco, the heir to the duchy, stands between Zaccaria and his ambitions. So Zaccaria has conspired with an accomplice, Gregoras Drakos, to murder the boy.

In the opening scene, a cross stands in the center of the stage and a crowd is surging about it. Presently Agnello, a young nephew of the Duchess Gismonda, enters. He looks down at a tiger in a pit, preferring to keep his distance from it, and discusses a statue of Aphrodite, next to the cross, with some comrades. Zaccaria and his accomplice Gregoras appear. They plan to lure Francesco, Gismonda's son, to the edge of the pit, and shove him in, making it look like an accident. The excitement above has driven the captive tiger into a frenzy.

After a long scene, in which every detail of their scheme is arranged, Zaccaria and Gregoras are joined on stage by Gismonda, with Francesco and others. Gismonda says that she does not like the statue of Aphrodite. A bishop passes by, and he agrees that the statue is inappropriate. During this talk, Gregoras has taken Francesco to the edge of the pit to show him the tiger. With a quick jostle, Francesco falls in.

Gismonda sees her son fall into the tiger pit and screams. She does not see that Gregoras pushed him in. She beseeches someone—anyone—to save her son. She offers unlimited rewards but no one is willing to risk almost certain death to rescue the boy. At last a man takes a poignard and goes to the child's rescue. The tiger crouches ready to seize his prey and the man leaps into the pit.

Gismonda prays for help at the foot of the cross. The others describe the conflict in the pit. The man stabs the tiger in the eye. The point of the dagger goes through to its brain and the tiger dies.

Joyful, Gismonda hugs Francesco, and vows before God to marry and share her duchy with the man who saved her son. No one knows the man, who turns out to be Almerio, a commoner. When she hears this, Gismonda's gratitude begins to cool. Her child is safe, and she has no desire to marry a commoner. The bishop reminds her of her promise. Gismonda tells the bishop that he need not remind her of her oath; it is impossible to fulfill it.

The entire play revolves around this vow.

Gismonda kindly and patronizingly thanks Almerio, and begins to look for a loophole out of her promise. She decides to appeal to the Pope. Almerio, however, wants her to live up to her vow. Gismonda promises him whatever he wants, except herself and her duchy.

"Vous avez promis et j'insiste que vous tiendrez votre promesse (You promised and I insist that you keep your word)," Almerio says.

The curtain falls as Gismonda is hurrying away with her child.

Act II
The second act begins in the Convent of Daphne, where Gismonda has gone into a retreat with her son, Francesco. The boy is ill with a strange fever that comes on every evening and breaks every morning.

Rumors circulate, even in the convent, that during Easter week Gismonda will marry Almerio, the man who has saved the life of her son. A character tells how Almerio was treated for his injuries in the palace, and that the courtiers learned to admire the handsome, brave man. Almerio had been a falconer at the ducal palace and loved Gismonda long before she ever knew of his existence. Gismonda, meanwhile, is eagerly awaiting an answer from the Pope about whether her vow can be absolved.

Many calamities have fallen upon the people of Athens lately, and they have blamed Gismonda. In breaking a pledge made in the sight of God, it is said she is bringing disaster upon the country. Half of the lower part of the city is flooded, cholera is raging, a cross has blown off a church, and, worst of all, pirates have landed at Marathon.

A noble offered an estate and the title of duke to the man who will bring before him the head of the pirate leader. Almerio took two hundred men and marched on Marathon. He defeated the pirates and beheaded their leader. As a reward, Almerio became the Count of Sonla.

Gismonda fears all suitors. She thinks they are in love with her duchy, not with her. There is only one man she thinks, perhaps, she can trust—Zaccaria. At this point, Zaccaria enters. He pleads his love for Gismonda, in vain.

The bishop comes in and tells Gismonda that the Pope insists that Gismonda must keep her vow and marry Almerio, or else she must be the spouse of Christ, that is, a nun.

Almerio's triumphal approach is heard. The populace is bearing him, a conquering hero, to the convent. Zaccaria and the barons see that the gates are tightly closed against the approaching procession. Almerio and the barons all draw their swords. "Stop!" Gismonda commands, and orders Almerio to give up his sword. Zaccaria wants Almerio to be taken prisoner, but Gismonda forbids it, calling him sacred.

"Voilà un homme! (There is a man!)," she says, looking at Almerio with pride.

Act III
This act takes place in Gismonda's private apartment in her palace.

The Athenian populace is not pleased that their Duchess does not keep her vow. The sympathy of the people is with Almerio. The barons, Gismonda's followers, jeer at Almerio's presumption. Gismonda tells a doctor that she imagines she sees Almerio everywhere. The doctor thinks it is her conscience bothering her, and advises prayer rather than medicine.

The next day is a feast day and Zaccaria worries that the people, who support Almerio, might begin an uprising. The barons propose different ways that Almerio might be killed, but Gismonda rejects them.

Almerio is quietly brought to Gismonda's room. She notices that he is very handsome, but she still does not want to marry him. She offers him money and a barony, but Almerio says the only thing he wants is to marry Gismonda. He tells her that he did not save Francesco to become Duke of Athens, but just to win Gismonda's love. He offers to give up his dukedom and even his claim to marry Gismonda if he can become her lover. Gismonda agrees, and makes him promise to publicly absolve her from her vow.

Act IV

The act begins near Almerio's cabin.  Gismonda has kept her promise to be Almerio's lover, and is leaving his cabin. Her maid, Thisbe, has followed here and confronts her. Thisbe asks if Gismonda has fallen in love with Almerio. "Oui, mon âme et mon corps sont à lui, et je me méprise pour ma folie. (Yes, body and soul, I am his; and I hate myself for it)," Gismonda confesses.

Gregoras and Zaccaria approach. Gismonda and Thisbe hide. Zaccaria wants Gregoras to kill Almerio in his sleep, but Gregoras hesitates.

"Un homme qui dort ne donne pas de peine (A sleeping man is no trouble at all)," Zaccaria urges.

"Il est plus facile de pousser un enfant dans un trou que de tuer un homme, grand et fort comme Almério (It is easier to push the child into the tiger's pit than to kill a big strong man like this Almerio)," Gregoras answers.

He drops his hatchet and runs. Zaccaria calls after him that he'll kill Almerio and the child, Francesco, himself. At this, Gismonda takes the hatchet and attacks Zaccaria, screaming,  "Vous avez donné mon fils au tigre; je vous donne à l'enfer! (You sent my son to the tiger; I'll send you to Hell!)" Almerio wakes up and comes out, offering to deliver the coup de grace. Gismonda refuses, and, making sure Zaccaria can see and hear her, tells him that she loves Almerio as Zaccaria slowly and painfully dies.

The second scene of the last act takes place in a church.

The news comes of Zaccaria's death. The people of Athens are outside carrying palms, demanding that Gismonda announce her marriage to Almerio. Almerio enters sadly. He is about to fulfill his vow and give up the only woman he has ever loved. As he is absolving Gismonda of her pledge, Gregoras enters, accusing him of having murdered Zaccaria. Almerio takes the blame for the murder, lest Gismonda have to admit why she was at his cabin in the night, and the barons urge Gismonda to sentence Almerio to death. Gismonda, in turn, accuses Gregoras of having thrown her son to the tiger, at the order of Zaccaria, and of meaning to kill Almerio. Gregoras returns that he refused to kill the man, thus inadvertently betraying himself.

Gregoras is taken away, a prisoner. Gismonda fearlessly admits to having killed Zaccaria herself, and to her affair with Almerio. She recognizes Almerio's honor and bravery and asks him to forgive her and to become her husband. Almerio is only too happy to marry Gismonda, and to become father to Francesco and the new duke of Athens. The people praise their new leader and the organ plays "Gloria."

Production

The original production starred Sarah Bernhardt as Gismonda and Lucien Guitry as Almerio. The show would go to Broadway at the Fifth Avenue Theatre on December 11, 1894, and end in February 1895. The set design was by Joseph Clare, D. Frank Dodge, Homer Emens, Richard Marston, and Ernest Albert.

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1894 plays
Plays by Victorien Sardou
French plays adapted into films
Plays adapted into operas

Gismonda


George Michael R. Parris (born 11 September 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder or defender for West Ham United, Birmingham City, and Brighton & Hove Albion.

Early life
Parris was born in Barking, Essex. He played district, county and national football for Redbridge, Greater London, and England Under 15 as a schoolboy. He was invited to train at West Ham United when he was 13 and signed as an apprentice in July 1981 when he left Seven Kings High school.

Career

West Ham United
Parris turned professional the following year in September 1982. A lengthy spell of reserve team football followed before he made his First Division debut in the final match of the 1984–85 season at home against Liverpool in May 1985. He made a handful of appearances in the first half of the 1985–86 season, then replaced the injured Steve Walford at left-back and impressed as the West Ham won 11 of their last 14 games to finish third in the table. Parris made 48 league and cup games appearances in the 1986–87 season. The arrival of left-back Tommy McQueen in March 1987 saw Parris move briefly to midfield but he returned to the left-back position for much of the 1987–88 season until the arrival of Julian Dicks in March 1988, whose form led to Parris playing at right-back or midfield for most of the rest of his career at West Ham.

He made 32 league and cup appearance in the 1988–89 season as West Ham reached the semi-finals of the League Cup but were relegated to Division Two, and 49 league and cup appearances in the 1989–90 season as West Ham again reached the semi-finals of the League Cup. He made 55 league and cup appearances in the 1990–91 season, returning to left-back when Julian Dicks suffered a severe knee injury in October 1990, scoring in four successive games in January 1991 and helping West Ham to promotion back to the First Division and to the semi-finals of the FA Cup. His performances that season saw him voted as runner-up to Ludek Miklosko as 'Hammer of the Year'. Parris made only 27 league and cup appearances in the 1991–92 season; he suffered a knee injury against Aston Villa on Boxing Day that required surgery, and then collapsed during his comeback game against Arsenal in March 1992 with a suspected heart-related problem. He returned to the first team in the opening game of the 1992–93 season against Barnsley and made 18 league and cup appearances before Birmingham City made an offer for him in March 1993. Parris had made 300 first-team appearances for West Ham, scoring 20 goals. In April 1995, after he had left the club, Parris was granted a testimonial by West Ham. Played in front of only 1,382 fans a West Ham team lost 3–2 to Ipswich Town at The Boleyn Ground.

Birmingham City
Parris joined Birmingham City in March 1993 for a fee of £100,000, where he was made captain. Injuries and a change of manager in November 1993 saw him fall out of favour and he spent the 1994–95 season on loan at Brentford, Bristol City and Brighton & Hove Albion before being released. Parris had made 42 league and cup appearances for Birmingham City.

Brighton and Hove Albion
After a trial with Stoke and a short spell with Norrköping in Sweden, Parris signed a permanent deal with Brighton in September 1995 and stayed for two seasons. He was made captain and made 63 first-team appearances before being released on a free transfer in May 1997. He was best remembered for an impudent goal against Bristol Rovers in October 1995 when he came from behind the Rovers goalkeeper as he released the ball to dispossess him and score.

Later career
After leaving Brighton, Parris played one league game on a non-contract basis for Southend and also played for non-league clubs Kettering Town, St Leonards, where he was also assistant manager, and Shoreham, where he was player-manager. After retiring from playing, he worked as a part-time activities organiser at the Ovingdean Hall School for deaf children in Sussex, and went on to work as a sports coach at the University of Sussex. In April 2008 he was appointed manager of Sussex County League club Whitehawk. As of 2012, Parris was also operating a soccer coaching school based in Brighton. In April 2016, Parris was appointed interim manager of Brighton & Hove Albion Women. He agreed to remain in post for the FA WSL Spring Series, before standing down to be replaced by Hope Powell.

Autobiography
In 2005 his autobiography, "My Name is George...I am a Compulsive Gambler" was published. During his playing days Parris became addicted to gambling, amassing debts, after leaving West Ham to join Birmingham City.

References
General

Specific

External links

George Parris at westhamstats.info

1964 births
Living people
Footballers from Barking, London
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
West Ham United F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
IFK Norrköping players
Southend United F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
St. Leonards F.C. players
Shoreham F.C. players
People associated with the University of Sussex
English Football League players
Allsvenskan players
English autobiographers
Black British sportsmen
England men's youth international footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Sweden
English football managers
Shoreham F.C. managers
Whitehawk F.C. managers

George Parris


Table shuffleboard (also known as American shuffleboard, indoor shuffleboard, slingers, shufflepuck,  and quoits, sandy table) is a game in which players push metal-and-plastic weighted pucks (also called weights or quoits) down a long and smooth wooden table into a scoring area at the opposite end of the table.  Shooting is performed with the hand directly, as opposed to deck shuffleboard's use of cue sticks.

Tables

Shuffleboard tables vary in length, usually within a , and are at least  wide.  Tables are intended to be kept flat, but any given table may have its own slight concave or convex condition, adding an extra challenge.  In order to decrease friction, the table is periodically sprinkled liberally with tiny, salt-like beads of silicone (often referred to as shuffleboard wax even though silicone is not a wax, or sometimes as shuffleboard sand, or shuffleboard cheese, due to its visual similarity to grated cheese). These beads act like ball bearings, letting a puck slide down the table a great distance with only a slight push.  There are many different speeds of wax to choose from to match the player's skill level. Powdered wax is made of silicone, cornmeal and sometimes compressed walnut shells.  The longer the table, the greater speed of wax that is needed.  Faster speed waxes have more silicone and less cornmeal.

Each end of the table is divided into three scoring sections by straight lines across the width of the table. The scoring sections extend from the very edge of either end of the table towards the middle of the table, covering approximately one-third of the length of the table. The outer scoring section, at the end of the table,  is labeled with the number "3" in the middle (for "3 points"). The next section is adjacent to this section, of equal length (6 inches), and is labeled with a "2."  The final section, "1", is adjacent to  section "2." This section continues all  the way to the foul line.  The foul line measures 6 feet from the end of the table.  The center third of the table is unmarked. The line that separates the center third of the table and the beginning of the "1 point" section is called the "foul line" (a weight which does not pass the foul line closest to the player is removed from the table for the round). The table is surrounded by a gutter, or "alley"; pucks that accidentally fall, or are knocked, into a gutter are out of play for the rest of the round.

Game play

Scoring

Players take turns sliding, or "shuffling," the weights to the opposite end of the board, trying to score points, bump opposing pucks off the board, or protect their own pucks from bump-offs. Points are scored by getting a weight to stop in one of the numbered scoring areas. A weight has to completely cross the zone line to count as a full score (if a weight is partially in zone 2 and 3 the weight's score is 2). A weight that's hanging partially over the edge at the end of the table in the 3-point area, called a "hanger" (or sometimes a "shipper"), usually receives an extra point (count as 4). If a puck hangs off the end corner, it receives no additional scoring points other than being a 4 for hanging over the back edge of the board.

Weights that haven't passed the foul line closest to the player are removed for the round. Pucks that fall off or are bumped off the table into the gutter are removed from play for the round. No points are tabulated until the end of the round.

When all weights have been shuffled, the player with the puck closest to the far edge of the table takes points for all pucks that are ahead of their opponent's furthest shot. The other player does not take points. For example: there is a red puck in 3, a red in 1, a blue in 1, but not as close to the end as the red, and two red pucks in 1 but further away from the end of the table than the blue puck. Red player would receive 4 points for the first 2 pucks ahead of the blue and no points for the pucks behind the blue, blue player does not score.  The player who scores will shoot first the next round.

In 1974, Reginald Charles Gilchrist invented the digital scoring unit for table shuffleboards while president of Universal Shuffleboards, one of the companies he founded.

Object of the game
The objective of the game is to slide, by hand, all four of one's weights alternately against those of an opponent, so that they reach the highest scoring area without falling off the end of the board into the alley. Furthermore, a player's weight(s) must be farther down the board than their opponent's weight(s), in order to be in scoring position. This may be achieved either by knocking off the opponent's weight(s), or by outdistancing them. Horse collar, the most common form of the game, is played to either 15 or, more typically, 21. Below is an image of the weights on the board. Only the weights in front score.

One-on-one
In one-on-one, each player is assigned a color of puck (4 pucks per player). Play begins at one end of the table, and each player alternates shuffling one weight at a time down towards the opposite end of the table (which becomes the "scoring end" of the table), until all 8 pucks have been shuffled. Each player tries to either land their puck closest to the end of the table, knock the opponent's pucks off the table, knock their own puck into a higher scoring area, or position a puck so that it will block their opponent from being able to hit another puck off the table.

This finishes the "round." Play then continues from the other end of the table, where the pucks have come to rest. When a set number of points has been reached by a player (often 15 or 21), that player has won that "frame." A "match" consists of a predetermined number of frames.

Teams

In two-on-two, teammates stand on the opposite end of the table and play every other round, shooting from alternating ends of the table (i.e. two games are effectively played at once, with team scores combined). Sometimes players will switch to the other end of the table between frames.

An unofficial but common variation has all players at one end of the table. Each player will have 2 weights/shots per round. Teams alternate turns, with each teammate shooting every other turn.

Variations

While there are some official rules agreed upon by shuffleboard organizations, players should be aware that it can be a very informal and spontaneous game, and as such, regional variations and house rules abound. There are some differences by country, as well.

In Canada, the game is played under rules approved by the Canadian Shuffleboard Congress. Except in certain tournaments, in one-on-one play, games are played to 15. Two-person teams compete until one team reaches 21 points. In both cases, a frame consists of four stones (pucks) per player.

In the U.S. League and Tournament Rules are established by The Shuffleboard Federation and the Table Shuffleboard Association. These rules can be very detailed and complex. The Shuffleboard Federation also has more basic rules that are geared towards beginners and casual recreational players. These fall under the heading of How To Play Shuffleboard. The Shuffleboard Federation website also provides rules and how to play info for other games that can be played on a Shuffleboard Table, such as Horse Collar and Crazy Eights.

Variants and related games

Sjoelen

A Dutch variation known as sjoelen, apparently influenced by bagatelle (a billiards offshoot and pinball ancestor), bar billiards, skeeball, miniature golf and related games, makes use of a long, unidirectional board placed on a table in which the goal is to slide 30 wooden pucks towards the end of the board and try to have them enter through small open doorways or arches into numbered scoring boxes. Each player has 3 sub-turns to get as many pucks as they can in the scoring boxes. The boxes are numbered from left to right: 2, 3, 4 and 1.

A notable rule is that for each set of pucks (a puck in every box) they count double so instead of 10 points for a set, the player will get 20 points for each set. The maximum score is 148 which is accomplished by getting 7 pucks in 2, 7 pucks in 3, 9 pucks in 4 and 7 pucks in 1. It totals to 7 × 20 + 4 + 4 = 148. However, if the player accomplishes the max score of 148 in less than 3 sub-turns, they are returned one puck for each sub-turn less, increasing the maximum possible score to either 152 (148 in 2 sub-turns) or 156 (148 in 1 sub-turn).

The most famous manufacturers of sjoelbakken (sjoelen boards) are Homas, Heemskerk Sport and Schilte, who mass-produce the game for the continental European market. A typical sjoelbak is two metres long and 40cm wide, although there are slight variations between manufacturers and models.

A Sjoelen World Cup has taken place since 2008; the 2023 edition took place in Beneden-Leeuwen, Netherlands on 1 and 2 September 2023 and was organised by the Algemene Nederlandse Sjoelbond (the Dutch governing body of the sport, which is affiliated with the NOC*NSF).

Shove ha'penny

An even more miniaturized, related British game, with a much less elongated board and many more scoring zones, is played with coins and known as shove ha'penny. An evolutionary relationship between the game variants is uncertain.

Bonus Shuffle
In the 1979–1980 version of Beat the Clock which aired on CBS and was hosted by Monty Hall, the final round of the main game was called Bonus Shuffle, a game of table shuffleboard where the two teams attempted to throw disks to win cash from $300–$1,000. The team whose disk was the farthest won the game and the chance to play the Bonus Stunt for 10 times their Bonus Shuffle amount from $3,000–$10,000.

Tins of Glory World Tinnie Hurling Championships
Tins of Glory World Tinnie Hurling Championships is a version of the game made by Balter Brewing Company using beer cans on a table shuffleboard started in 2017.

See also

Curling

References

External links

 Official Table Shuffleboard Rules, From The Shuffleboard Federation and Table Shuffleboard Association (TSA)
 Table Shuffleboard History Information
 Table Shuffleboard Refinishing Information
 Table Shuffleboard Rules
 Shuffleboard Game Rules
 Shuffleboard Rules
 Sjoelen Rules

Table shuffleboard


The Na'vi are a fictional indigenous species that live on the fictional world of Pandora in the movie Avatar. They look like humans. They have two eyes, ears, arms, and legs. They also have a nose, a mouth, and expressions that are similar to humans. The Na'vi are different because they have blue skin, pointed ears, huge eyes, and tails.  They are also taller than humans. They have a smaller body frame. At the beginning, the Na'vi were meant to be more alien in their looks. Director James Cameron said that in the first drawing of the main character, "Neytiri", she had fins, gills, and cat-like features. The species was changed to look more like humans. This was so audiences could relate (feel closer and empathise) to them better. Cameron said that Avatar was more "science fantasy" than true science fiction. He said that he would explain in the novel why the Na'vi look like humans.

According to Entertainment Weekly, "The Na'vi can commune with animals on their planet by literally plugging their ponytails into the creatures' nerve systems. To become a warrior, a Na'vi must tame and ride a creature known as Ikran." The Na'vi also use this system to mate with a "life partner". They make a bond that cannot be broken in the Na'vi's lifetime.

The Na'vi language is a constructed language. It was made for the movie to be spoken by the actors when they played Na'vi characters. The Na'vi language was made by linguistics professor Paul Former of the University of Southern California. Frommer made the language so it could be spoken by human actors. It uses syntax and grammar from real languages. The professor made up over 1,000 words for the Na'vi language. He taught the actors who played Na'vi characters to speak it for the movie.

Related pages
Avatar
Na'vi language
Fictional universe in Avatar

References

Fictional races

Na'vi


Helen Maynor Scheirbeck (August 21, 1935 – December 19, 2010) was a Native American educator and activist. Born in Lumberton, North Carolina, she was Assistant Director for Public Programs at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of the American Indian. Scheirbeck was best known for her work with young Native Americans, training them to work with the United States Congress and other federal agencies in the United States to promote policies that help Indian communities.

Before her work with the Smithsonian Institution, Scheirbeck was the national director for Head Start programs serving American Indian and Alaskan Natives. She has served as a human resources administrator for Save the Children Federation, chairwoman of the U.S. Department of Education Indian Education Task Force, and as a staffer in the U.S. Senate where she helped develop the American Indian Civil Rights Act.

Professional history

Early life and education
Helen Maynor was born into the Lumbee Tribe. Scheirbeck earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1957 in education from Berea College in Kentucky. In 1980, she earned a Doctorate in Educational Administration from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Career
Scheirbeck began her professional career as an intern for the National Congress of American Indians, assisting in the founding of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium, which lobbies for tribal colleges and universities on the federal level. She then worked as a staff member for Sam Ervin for the Senate Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights. There she organized the Capitol Conference on Poverty in 1962, where Native American leaders first advocated for Indian participation in the War on Poverty.

She helped establish the Coalition of Indian Controlled School Boards in 1972. She was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to chair the Indian Education Task Force. This body helped define the Indian-controlled schools movement. Scheirbeck was appointed director of the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Office of Indian Education. Here, she developed strategy in 1973 to enable tribal colleges and universities to obtain start-up funds as developing institutions through Title III of the Higher Education Act.

In 1978, Scheirbeck assisted in the development of the Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act, and guided it to passage in Congress. This legislation formed the foundation of the tribal college movement in the United States. Scheirbeck was appointed head of the Indian Head Start Program in 1991, where she managed the American Indian and Alaskan Native Head Start Bureau and improved its efficiency nationwide.

From 1987 to 1995, she served on the Board of Trustees of the National Museum of the American Indian, key to its founding. After her term as a trustee ended, she became director of the museum's public programs.

References

 Davis, Thomas. Tribal College Journal (article, year?)
 Stilling, Glenn Ellen Starr, "Helen Maynor Schneirbeck", Online Lumbee bibliography

1935 births
2010 deaths
20th-century Native Americans
Berea College alumni
Female Native American leaders
Lumbee people
Virginia State University alumni
Virginia Tech alumni
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women
21st-century Native Americans
Native American people from North Carolina
People from Lumberton, North Carolina

Helen Maynor Scheirbeck


Durham School Boat Club (DSBC) is a school club offering rowing to students, parents, friends and other local schools. Based at Durham School in the city of Durham, England.

History
Durham School Boat Club was founded in 1847. However, there was rowing at Durham School in earlier years: the club was a founder of Durham Regatta in 1834 and it is, therefore, one of the oldest clubs on the River Wear in Durham. Record keeping in the early days was non-existent and the first reference to a School boat was to the four oared wherry Argo in 1838. At the regatta, the club went on to win its first Challenge Cup in 1865. The first club rower to win a blue for Oxford or Cambridge rowing in The Boat Race was W. King, who rowed for Oxford in 1854.

Facilities

The club operates from its own boathouse situated just downstream of Prebends Bridge; this was built in 1892.

The club has a range of boats ranging in size from singles to eights and octuples. Durham School boats use the three letter boat code DUS.

Philosophy

The club is not selective; that is, it is open to all students: "All year groups at the school have the opportunity to row at the appropriate level for their physiological and physical development".

The club also offers rowing to The Chorister School and parents and friends of Durham School.

International representation

The club has been successful at international level, the athletes having represented their home countries and Great Britain at Olympic, World Championships, Under-23, University and Junior level, most recently being GB representation, winning a silver medal in the junior women's 8, at the 2010 Coupe de la Jeunesse in Hazewinkel, Belgium;  England in the 2010 Home International Regatta in Cork, Ireland; the World Rowing Junior Championships in Brive-la-Gaillarde, France in August 2009; the Coupe de la Jeunesse in Cork, Ireland in 2008 and England representation at the Home International Regatta in 2006.

National events

The club enters a number of local, national and international events. In addition to wide-ranging representation at the various north-eastern heads and regattas oarsmen and women of different ages are regularly entered in events further afield.

The club has been successful in the British Rowing Championships producing eight champion crews, the last in 2010 with Gold in the Open Junior Coxless Pair and women's eight composite.

In the National Schools Regatta in 2010 the club won silver in the Fours Cup for First Coxed Fours.

Recent years have also seen the club at Henley. The women's 1st Eight entered Henley Women's Regatta in 2010 for the first time in The Peabody Cup, losing to Headington School Oxford who went on to the final. The 1st Eight rowed in the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at the Henley Royal Regatta in 2008 for the first time in over 40 years. Having pre-qualified again, the 1st Eight was in action in the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta in 2009, achieving a win over Reading Blue Coat School in their first race before being knocked out by Abingdon School (one of the country's premier rowing schools who went through to the final) on the second day. The school achieved pre-qualification into the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup again in 2011, being knocked out by the Sophie Barat Schule. In 2013, Durham School Boat Club was the only club in the North-East of England to have a J18 boat qualify for an event at Henley Royal Regatta, pre-qualifying a first eight for the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup. They were beaten by Bedford School in the heats. Most recently competing at HRR in the Prince Elizabeth entering their men's 8+ in August 2021. Where they competed first day against Norwich School.

There are also frequent trips to various events held on the Tideway in London, the Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre and Dorney Lake. In 2012, the school achieved its first success at the School's Head of the River race on the Tideway, with the women's J16 4+ winning their category.

International events

The club also trains and competes internationally.

Each year there is an annual training camp, previously to Gent with entry into the Gent Spring Regatta in Belgium. In 2010 the club won gold, silver and bronze medals in a number of categories. In 2011 the camp was on Lago d'Iseo in Italy, based in Lovere. Since 2012, the club has held its training camp annually in Soustons, France.

In addition, the club visited the United States in October 2008 to row in the Head of the Charles Regatta, achieving an excellent result for their first visit.

Honours

British champions

References

Durham School
Rowing clubs in England
Sport in Durham, England
1847 establishments in England
Sports clubs and teams established in 1847
Rowing clubs of the River Wear
Scholastic rowing in the United Kingdom

Durham School Boat Club


The Shadhili Order () is a tariqah or Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by al-Shadhili in the 13th century  and is followed by millions of people around the world. Many followers (Arabic murids, "seekers") of the Shadhili Order are known as Shadhilis, and a single follower is known as Shadhili.

It has historically been of importance and influence in the Maghreb and Egypt with many contributions to  Islamic literature. Among the figures most known for their literary and intellectual contributions are ibn Ata Allah al-Iskandari, author of the Hikam, and Ahmad Zarruq, author of numerous commentaries and works, and Ahmad ibn Ajiba who also wrote numerous commentaries and works.

In poetry expressing love of Muhammad, there have been the notable contributions of Muhammad al-Jazuli, author of the Dala'il al-Khayrat, and al-Busiri, author of the famous poem, the Al-Burda or "The Celestial Lights in Praise of the Best of Creation". Many of the head lecturers of al-Azhar University in Cairo have also been followers of this tariqa.

Of the various branches of the Shadhili are the Fassiyatush of Imam Fassi, found largely in India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. The Darqawiyya of Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi is found mostly in Morocco and the Alawi-Darqawiyya of Ahmad al-Alawi originated in Algeria is now found the world over, particularly in Syria, Jordan, France, and among many English-speaking communities. British scholar Martin Lings wrote an extensive biography of Ahmad al-Alawi entitled A Moslem Saint of the Twentieth Century.

The anniversary of al-Shadhili is held on 12th of Shawwal (the tenth month of lunar calendar) at Humaithara in Egypt.

Branches
Shadhiliyya has numerous across the globe. A few prominent branches are listed below.

Fassiyya
The Fassiyatush was established by Imam Fassi, a Moroccan by origin who was born in Mecca. Fassiyatush Shadhiliyya is widely practised in India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Mauritius and Indonesia. The descendants of al-Fassi who are sheikhs of the Fassiyatush and reside in Mecca and Jeddah visit these countries frequently. The international leader of the Fassiyatash is selected from the heirs of al-Fassi and Ajwad ibn Abdallah al-Fassi is the present leader.

Darqawiyya

The Darqawiyya, a Moroccan branch of the Shadhili order, was founded in the late 18th century by Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi. Selections from the letters of al-Darqawi were translated by the Shadhili Titus Burckhardt and more recently by the scholar Aisha Abdurrahman Bewley. One of the first tariqas to be established in the West was the Alawiya branch of the Darqawiyya, which was named after Ahmad al-Alawi, popularly known as "Shaykh al-Alawi".

Attasiyah
The 'Attasiyah Order is a branch of the 'Alawi Order, founded by Umar bin Abdur Rahman bin Aqil al-Attas. It is centered in Yemen but also has centers in Pakistan, India, and Myanmar. The 'Alawiya order in Yemen has recently been studied by the anthropologist David Buchman. In his article "The Underground Friends of God and Their Adversaries: A Case Study and Survey of Sufism in Contemporary Yemen", Professor Buchman summarizes the results of his six-month period of fieldwork in Yemen. The article was originally published in the journal Yemen Update

Darqawi Hashimiya
The Darqawi-Alawi branch of the Shadili Tariqa established itself in Damascus and the Levant through Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani, the son of an Algerian qadi, who migrated to Damascus along with his spiritual guide Ibn Yallis. After the death of Ibn Yallis, Hashimi was authorized by Sheikh Ahmad al-'Alawi in the early 1920s and was made his deputy in Damascus. The most well known living spiritual guide of this branch of the Shadhili tariqa is Sheikh Nuh Ha Mim Keller, an American scholar, author, and translator, who resides in Amman, Jordan, and Sheikh Abd al-Aziz al-Khateeb from Damascus both were authorized by Sheikh Abd al Rahman Al Shaghouri, who was himself a student of Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani. Sheikh Muhammad Said al-Jamal ar-Rifa'i, another student of Sheikh Muhammad al-Hashimi al-Tilmisani and who died in 2015, had worked from the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem and was a mufti of the Hanbali Madhab. He wrote many books on Sufism, tafsir, and healing and his students established the University of Spiritual Healing and Sufism.

Badawiyya
Another branch of the Shadhilia which has groups in Egypt, Indonesia, Turkey and America is the Batawiyya founded by Ibrahim al-Batawi, for many years professor at al-Azhar. He was a confrere of Sheikh Abdu-l-Halim Mahmud, Shaikh al-Azhar, who was very influential in the revival of Sufism in Egypt. Sheikh Ibrahim's student, Nooruddeen Durkee, has established the Battawi order in the United States. Nooruddeen Durkee has translated and transliterated the Qur'an and has compiled two definitive books on the Shadhali, including The School of the Shadhdhuliyyah, Volume One: Orisons.

Maryamiyya
The Maryamiyya Order was founded by Swiss-German metaphysician Frithjof Schuon, author of The Transcendent Unity of Religions, among other influential books, as an outgrowth of the Alawiyya order. In 1946, the disciples of a group he led in Switzerland declared him to be an "independent master", spurring him to create his own order. In 1965, he began having visions of Maryam (as the Virgin Mary is known in Islam), who the Order is named after. The Maryamiyya Order was largely formed around Perennial philosophy and Neoplatonism, and heavily influenced by Advaita Vedanta and Guénon's Traditionalist School.

Influence

On Christianity

Miguel Asín Palacios has suggested that the Shadhili order drew detailed connections between the teachings of ibn Abbad al-Rundi and John of the Cross, such as in the account of the Dark Night of the Soul.

José Nieto, on the other hand, argues that these mystical doctrines are quite general, and that while similarities exist between the works of John, ibn Abbad and other Shadhilis, these reflect independent development, not influence.

The Spiritual Chain

Every tariqa must have a chain of transmission and authorization to be recognized as valid. Most of the chains start from Ali ibn Abi Talib and goes as 2 branches one through his son Hasan ibn Ali and another through Husayn ibn Ali.

 Muhammad
 Ali
 Hasan ibn Ali
 Jabir ibn Abd Allah
 Sa'id al-Ghazawani
 Abu Muhammad Fath al-Su'ood
 Abu Muhammad Sa'eed
 Abul Qasim Ahmad ibn Marwani
 Sayyid Ishaq Ibrahim al-Basri
 Zayn al-Din al-Qazwini
 Shams al-Din
 Muhammad Taj al-Din
 Nur al-Din Abul Hasan 'Ali
 Fakhr al-Din
 Tuqayy al-Din al-Fuqayr
 'Abd al-Rahman al-Madani al-'Attar al-Zayyat
 Abd al-Salam ibn Mashish al-Alami
 al-Shadhili

See also

Chishti
Qadiriyya
Wazifa Zarruqiyya

References

External links

 Shadhili Tariqa, Information on the tariqa of Sh. Nuh Keller.
 Fassiya branch
 Muhammad al-Jamal
 The Shadhili Darqawi 'Alawi branch
 The Shadhdhuli School for tranquility of being and illumination of hearts Green Mountain branch, located in Charlottesville, Virginia
 A biography of Muhammad ibn al Habib of the Darqawi branch
 Tariqa Burhaniya as Shadhiliya
 The Founders of the Shadhili Order
 Nasheed group based in Avignon, France.
 Ba`alawi.com Ba'alawi.com | The Definitive Resource for Islam and the Alawiyyen Ancestry.
 Shahdili section of Dr. Godlas' Sufism website. Discusses various Shadhili branches.
 The Relevance and the Beauty of the Teaching of Shaykh Ibn 'Ata' Allah

Sufism in Africa
Sunni Sufi orders
Moroccan Sufi orders

Shadhili


Wolfgang Birkner (27 October 1913 – 24 March 1945) was a German SS functionary and a Holocaust perpetrator in World War II. Birkner served as the KdS Warschau (Komandeur der Sicherheitspolizei) in Warsaw following the German invasion of Poland in 1939.

After the German attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, Birkner and his Einsatzkommando were deployed in the newly-formed Bialystok District in the Army Group Centre Rear Area. Birkner arrived in Białystok from the General Government on 30 June 1941, sent in by the SS Police commander Eberhard Schöngarth on orders from the Reich Security Main Office. As veteran of Einsatzgruppe IV from the 1939 invasion of Poland, Birkner was a specialist in rear security operations.

Kommando Bialystok

Birkner was appointed chief of the Kommando Bialystok under Arthur Nebe, commander of Einsatzgruppe B. Birkner's death squad was made up of 29 SS men, as well as Gestapo functionaries. It was one of several units summoned at around the same time by Karl Eberhard Schöngarth stationing in Kraków. Birkner and his squad committed mass murder in and around Białystok. In the two initial months of operation, between 30 June and 28 August 1941, they had claimed the lives of 1,800 Jews. Birkner was promoted to the rank of SS-Hauptsturmführer Kriminalkommissar (the equivalent of a police captain) on 20 April 1943. He was killed in the Pomorze Province on 24 March 1945.

Birkner was investigated by the West German prosecutors in 1960, prior to a court trial of the SS commander Hermann Schaper, who had directed parallel mass murders by Kommando SS Zichenau-Schröttersburg in the same area.

Notes and references

1913 births
1945 deaths
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Military personnel from Wrocław
People from the Province of Silesia
German military personnel killed in World War II
SS-Hauptsturmführer
Einsatzgruppen personnel

Wolfgang Birkner


Midnight is the opposite of solar noon, which is when the Sun is highest in the sky. The time period "00:00 - 00:01" is midnight. On computer clocks, the day changes to the next day the minute(s) after midnight.

Start and end of the day
In the world, midnight is the start of one day and the end of the last day. It iss the dividing point between two days.In the United States and Canada, digital clocks and computers usually show 12 a.m. right at midnight. However, people have to remember that any time is actually an instant. The "a.m." shown on clock displays means the 12-hour period after the instant of midnight. So when a clock says "12:00 a.m.", midnight has already passed and a new day has started. In other words, 11:59 p.m. shows until midnight; at the instant of midnight, it changes to 12:00. At the same time, the p.m. changes to a.m., but a.m. does not mean the instant of midnight which separates p.m. and a.m.

During New Year
Midnight is also the time where you get to watch fireworks. Typically, this only happens when it is a new year, like 2023. Fireworks were originally invented in China. China remains the largest manufacturer and exporter of fireworks in the world.
Parts of a day

Midnight


Malcolm Alexander Allison (5 September 1927 – 14 October 2010) was an English football player and manager. Nicknamed "Big Mal", he was one of English football's most flamboyant and intriguing characters because of his panache, fedora and cigar, controversies off the pitch and outspoken nature.

Allison's managerial potential become apparent while in his youth at West Ham United, where he became a reliable defender and acted as a mentor to the younger players including future England World Cup winning captain Bobby Moore. His playing career was cut short in 1958 when he had to have a lung removed because of tuberculosis.

As a coach, he is remembered for assisting manager Joe Mercer in the transformation of the team he supported as a young boy – Manchester City. During the 1960s and early 1970s, Allison won six major trophies in seven years with Mercer. After Mercer left, he managed the club on two occasions whilst offering his managerial services for a third time in 1989. He also managed several more English clubs including Crystal Palace and Middlesbrough, as well as three in Portugal and the Kuwait national team.

Early life
Son of an electrical engineer, Allison was born in Dartford in September 1927. Allison was educated at secondary modern schools rather than grammar school after deliberately failing the 11-plus exam so he could play football, not rugby.

Playing career
Allison started his career with Charlton Athletic but struggled to make a difference on the pitch, playing just twice in six years. Matters off the pitch led to his transfer, after letting club coaches know that their training methods – which were normally nothing more than running up and down the terracing – were outdated.

Allison joined West Ham United in February 1951, after seven seasons at Charlton Athletic. Here he gained experience not only as a footballer but also as a future coach, and often stayed behind after training with anyone interested in football to discuss and devise new tactics.

A promising career as a centre-half was ended prematurely by a bout of tuberculosis as he fell ill after a game against Sheffield United on 16 September 1957 and had a lung removed in hospital. This turned out to be his last senior game for West Ham, and although he battled on in their reserve team he struggled with the inability to achieve full fitness. For a period he left football altogether, and worked first as a car salesman, then as a professional gambler and nightclub owner. He came back to football to play a final season for non-league Romford in 1963.

Managerial career
Allison's first taste of coaching was at West Ham, where – under Ted Fenton – he took charge of coaching sessions and acted as mentor to a young Bobby Moore and was a leading figure in the establishment of the academy principles at the club.
After gaining further experience of coaching at Cambridge University, Allison moved into management at non-league Bath City. He replaced the veteran Bob Hewson, who had retired. One of his first moves was to double the number of training sessions. The players, who held full-time jobs outside football, were required to train four times every week. Allison's first season as a manager was a moderate success; he led the club to a third-place finish in the league, and to a third round F.A.Cup tie with First Division Bolton Wanderers. City were leading 1–0 at Twerton Park until a late equaliser from the penalty spot. They lost the replay 3–0.

At the end of the English season Allison accepted an offer to coach in North America over the summer, with Toronto City. After a matter of weeks he was back in England. His success at Bath had alerted a number of Football League clubs, and in May 1964 he joined Plymouth Argyle, where he had been offered a £3,000 per annum salary. He soon returned to Bath to sign full-back Tony Book. However, Allison knew the Argyle board would be reluctant to permit the purchase of a player with no League experience, who was approaching his thirtieth birthday. Allison encouraged Book to doctor his birth certificate, making him appear two years younger.

Manchester City
Joe Mercer was named Manchester City manager in July 1965. As ill health had hindered him in his previous job as manager of Aston Villa, Mercer sought a younger, energetic man to be his assistant. He offered the position to Allison, whom he knew from coaching courses at Lilleshall. Allison was due to meet Raich Carter to discuss a position at Middlesbrough, but Mercer was able to arrange a meeting the day before, and persuaded Allison to accept his offer.

The Mercer–Allison era is believed to be the strongest in Manchester City's history before the 2010s. They were surprise winners of the First Division in 1967–68 against the odds, some at a long 200–1 for City to win the league at the start of the season. In the following seasons they won the 1969 FA Cup, the 1970 League Cup and Cup Winners' Cup, with a team including Colin Bell, Mike Summerbee and Francis Lee. Allison turned down an offer to manage Juventus on the understanding that Mercer would move aside and let him become full-time Manchester City manager – however, Mercer steadfastly refused to stand down. Their relationship disintegrated and eventually Allison won the power struggle – Mercer was sidelined and quit to take over at Coventry City in the summer of 1972. Allison was left in sole charge at City, but the team struggled and in March 1973 he resigned.

Crystal Palace
On 31 March 1973, Allison was appointed manager of Crystal Palace. The club had struggled in the top flight throughout the 1972–73 season and he replaced Bert Head. Despite his arrival Palace were relegated, losing five out of their last seven games.

Allison immediately instigated a huge stylistic shift both on and off the field, raising Palace's profile with his charismatic media appearances, replacing the club's rather homely nickname 'The Glaziers' with 'The Eagles', and ending the 68-year association with claret-and-blue kits. Palace's highly recognisable red-and-blue striped home kit was introduced, and later, the all-white strip with red and blue sash, changes which still reflect in the character of the club today.

The following season, 1973–74, was even more disastrous because of a second successive relegation.
Allison completely restructured the side in an attempt to halt the club's decline and he angered many fans with his decision to replace favourite John Jackson in the Palace goal. Allison's larger than life image was a mixed blessing in Division Three for it raised hopes and aspirations of supporters while also serving to motivate other clubs when they visited Selhurst Park. Palace defender Jim Cannon said: "Malcolm Allison put Palace on the map. No other man could single-handedly take a club from the First Division to the Third Division and still become an instant hero".

However 1975–76 ended up the most successful season for Allison at Selhurst Park as he spurred Palace on to an FA Cup semi-final appearance, after brilliant victories against higher league opposition in the shape of Leeds United, Chelsea and Sunderland. The eventual winners Southampton proved too strong in the semi-final which was played at Stamford Bridge. The FA Cup run was also notable for the first appearance of Allison's trademark fedora hat during a third-round game at Scarborough and his use of the sweeper system in football which, at the time, was a relatively new idea.

With the team failing to reach Wembley and win promotion (despite building up a big lead in the league table in the early part of the season) Allison resigned in May 1976. He returned to the club in 1980–81 for a two-month period in a doomed attempt to avoid relegation from the top flight.

Return to Manchester City
In 1979, Allison was offered the chance to return to Manchester City by then-chairman Peter Swales. City's only success since Allison left in 1972 was League Cup victory in 1976, although the club had been doing reasonably well under long-term manager Tony Book, finishing second in the league in the 1976–77 season and runners-up in the League Cup in 1974.

Allison was given a sizeable war chest to build his team — this time without Joe Mercer. Allison controversially sold crowd favourites Peter Barnes and Gary Owen and replaced them with players including Michael Robinson and Steve Daley – who became the British transfer record for £1,450,000m.

Daley turned out to be an expensive flop, and Allison always said that he had agreed a much lower fee with the Wolves manager for Daley. Allison later said Swales intervened on a chairman to chairman basis and secured the transfer instantly but at a much higher, possibly rip-off price. Allison later admitted on his first meeting with chairman Swales: "I looked at him, saw the comb-over, the England blazer and the suede shoes and thought 'this isn't going to work'". Allison left a year later in 1980 with City struggling in the league. He later got involved in a verbal scrap with his successor and fellow maverick manager, John Bond.

Overseas
Allison also managed overseas, in Turkey with Galatasaray (1976–1977), and in Portugal with Sporting. With the Lisbon club he won the league championship and the Portuguese Cup in 1981–1982. That would be the only Championship title won by Sporting until the 1999–2000 season, which meant that Allison is fondly remembered by Sporting fans.

Personality
Allison was remembered as one of the most exuberant characters in football. During his time as assistant to Joe Mercer at Manchester City, his reputation for unpredictability was well known. When Mercer was stopped by police in his car for erratic driving in the early hours of the morning after leaving a club function at Maine Road, upon winding down his window Mercer quipped to the police officers: "OK chaps, what's Malcolm done now?"

Whilst at City, Allison enjoyed winding up rivals Manchester United. At a reception, he called Matt Busby "Matt Baby" and when City beat United 4–1 in December 1970 he walked over to the Stretford End and held four fingers aloft to signify City's goal tally. Allison later said he had hired a steeplejack to lower the flag on top of Old Trafford's main stand to half-mast.

Allison's outspoken nature and womanising were of great interest to tabloid newspapers and it was reputed that he had relationships with Christine Keeler of the Profumo scandal, singer Dorothy Squires and two Miss UKs. In 1976, Allison received a Football Association disrepute charge after a News of the World photograph appeared showing him in the Crystal Palace players' bath with porn star Fiona Richmond whom he had invited to a training session. Then Crystal Palace player, Terry Venables later said of the incident, "I was in the bath with all the players and we heard the whisper that she was coming down the corridor. So far, so good. We all leapt out and hid, because we knew there'd be photos and that wouldn't go down too well. Malcolm and Fiona dropped everything and got in the bath."

After football
In 2001 it was revealed by his son that Allison was suffering from alcoholism and in 2009 that he had developed dementia.

In January 2007, Crystal Palace fans organised a tribute to Allison, which they named 'Fedora Day'. Fans set up a campaign on www.cpfc.org, an unofficial forum dedicated to the club, to mark the 31st anniversary of the famous FA Cup run which Allison masterminded. The date chosen was that of the game against Preston North End in the 4th Round of the FA Cup on 27 January 2007. Fans sporting Allison's favoured Fedoras smoked cigars and drank champagne while cheering on their side. This generated major national press coverage. Crystal Palace – managed by Peter Taylor, a star of the 1976 side – were unable to match their predecessors and were knocked out of the cup 2–0.

Allison died in a nursing home on 14 October 2010 at the age of 83. He had six children. His funeral took place on 27 October, with the cortege passing the City of Manchester Stadium on its way to a service at the Southern Cemetery. Around 300 people gathered to pay their respects and a round of applause from the assembled crowd greeted the arrival of the cars. A sky-blue Manchester City scarf was draped over his coffin next to an ice bucket containing a bottle of Moet et Chandon champagne.

Legacy
Allison was known as a great innovator in revolutionising training methods in English football.

Quotes
"A lot of hard work went into this defeat."
"You're not a real manager unless you've been sacked."
"John Bond has blackened my name with his insinuations about the private lives of football managers. Both my wives are upset." – Allison on his successor at Manchester City in 1980.
"A lot of people in football don't have much time for the press; they say they're amateurs."
"I think I'm one of the luckiest guys in the world because I had a job I loved doing."
"We'll terrify the cowards of Europe" – Allison following Manchester City's European Cup qualification in 1968.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
West Ham United
Football League Second Division: 1957–58

Coach
Manchester City
 Football League First Division: 1967–68
 Football League Second Division: 1965–66
 FA Cup: 1969
 League Cup: 1970
 Charity Shield: 1968, 1972; runner-up: 1969
 European Cup Winners' Cup: 1970

Sporting CP
 Primeira Liga: 1981–82
 Cup of Portugal: 1981–82

References

Bibliography

External links
Records

Biographical articles
Malcolm Allison – Flamboyant manager with the fedora hat – Courtesy of mirrorfootball.co.uk

Obituaries and tributes
Malcolm Allison: A tribute at mcfc.co.uk – Video tribute courtesy of Manchester City Football Club
Obituary at guardian.co.uk – courtesy of The Guardian
Obituary at telegraph.co.uk – courtesy of The Daily Telegraph
Obituary at independent.co.uk – courtesy of The Independent

1927 births
2010 deaths
Footballers from Dartford
Erith & Belvedere F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Romford F.C. players
Bath City F.C. managers
Plymouth Argyle F.C. managers
Manchester City F.C. managers
Crystal Palace F.C. managers
Galatasaray S.K. (football) managers
Yeovil Town F.C. managers
Sporting CP managers
Middlesbrough F.C. managers
Vitória F.C. managers
Bristol Rovers F.C. managers
English football managers
English men's footballers
English Football Hall of Fame inductees
English Football League players
English Football League managers
Süper Lig managers
Footballers from Greater London
London XI players
Toronto City coaches
S.C. Farense managers
Men's association football defenders
Association football coaches

Malcolm Allison


Hawa Air was a charter airline that operated from Deurne, Belgium, in the 1970s and 1980s. The airline flew international services on jet aircraft, but included a flight school, courier service, overnight delivery service and an aircraft maintenance facility.

History
Hawa (Helicopter Aircraft World Association) initially was established in Switzerland in 1959 by Dr. Ahura Khaleghi Yazdi to collect worldwide aviation information and to keep that information updated for the global use of airman. The information was stored in either of these five categories:
Aircraft Owners
Directors and Managers of...
Manufacturers and Suppliers of...
Government Authorities
Air Services
This initiative was later transferred to World Aviation magazine, while Hawa Air was reinvented to become a pure aviation company, active as a flight school, courier service, overnight delivery service, as well as an airliner and an aircraft maintenance facility. Hawa Air was the company's name when it started operations in Belgium where Dr. Ahura Khaleghi Yazdi initially set up a flying school to teach to individuals, airline pilots and air forces for countries going as far as the Middle-East and Africa.  Hawa Air operated from the airport of Deurne, now known as Antwerp Airport, between 1975 and 1988. Hawa Air initially focused on private airplanes and had distributor rights for Belgium for Cessna, American Jet and Jeppersen, as well as other companies producing aviation related equipment. Hawa Air eventually switched to the more exclusive jets, which was started by its purchase of 3 Cessna Citation 500's from the Dutch Royalty.

Hawa's flying school back then was known for its unique educational program and complete services in coordination with major aircraft manufacturers.

Hawa Air flew locally for its daughter company Hawa Courier Services: one of the first overnight and worldwide delivery services, thanks to the enormous worldwide demand Khaleghi International tax-free services brought. These courier services required last minutes transportation of goods for which Hawa rented cargo or even passenger space from major airlines around the world. Thanks to existing contract with postal systems, Dr. Ahura Khaleghi Yazdi found better and more efficient ways to work on overnight delivery. The courier services initially and eventually were transferred to the newly established EMS through contracts with the Swedish, English, German and Dutch postal systems and were gradually instated all over Europe. Only a year later the EMS services were rolled out worldwide with the support of USPS. Although the EMS logo has stayed the same, the abbreviation changed from European Mail Services to Express Mail Systems.

The company was the first European airliner approved for using the Casa C-212-200 planes, which it used to transport mail for the Belgian Post. It received its first Aviocar plane May 26, 1986 for the transport of passengers and cargo. Additionally, Hawa Air was flying with an ACMI Leased Boeing 727 for European destinations as well as a McDonald-Douglas DC9 which flew New York-Brussels five times a week.
As mentioned, Hawa Air started the first worldwide courier service, which operated until its closure. It also constructed a state-of-the-art maintenance center for general aviation. Although it was successful and was turning profit for both the airline and Antwerp Airport, Hawa Air was maneuvered to close down under political pressure in 1988.

Fleet
Hawa Air's fleet consisted of the following aircraft for training, rental, cargo and passenger flights:
 1 Cessna C150
 2 Cessna C152
 1 Cessna C170
 4 Cessna C172
 1 Cessna C177
 1 Cessna C177RG
 1 Cessna C182
 3 Cessna Citation 500 Jets
 1 Partenavia
 1 Boeing 727 (ACMI Leased)
 1 McDonald-Douglas DC9 (ACMI Leased)
 1 Casa C-212-200 Aviocar
 1 Piper 31P Navajo

Hubs
Deurne, Belgium (main hub)
Ostend (Secondary Hub)
Brussels International (Secondary Hub)

References

External links

 Hawa Air on Belgian Airlines

Defunct airlines of Belgium
Airlines disestablished in 1988
Belgian companies established in 1959
1988 disestablishments in Belgium
Airlines established in 1959

Hawa Air


The Bartlett–Russell–Hedge House is a historic house in Plymouth, Massachusetts.  Built in 1803, it is a fine local example of Federal architecture.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 30, 1976.  It is presently part of a larger building that houses financial services businesses.

Description and history
The Bartlett–Russell–Hedge House is located in the center of Plymouth, on the south side of Court Street at its junction with Russell Street.  It is a three-story painted brick building, with a hip roof surrounded by a low balustrade and topped by a cupola.  It is five bays wide and three deep, with a symmetrically arranged front facade.  The outer bays have sash windows set in rectangular openings, with smaller windows on the third floor.  The main entrance is in the center bay; it is accessed by a short flight of side-facing stone steps, and is sheltered by a roughly rectangular portico supported by paired paneled square columns in front and pilasters in the back.  The center portion of the portico has a slightly rounded projection, and is topped by a balustrade.  On the second floor above is a Palladian window, while the third-floor window is a three-part window lacking the Palladian rounded arch at the center.

The house was built about 1803 for Joseph Bartlett, a ship's captain.  After suffering financial reverses due to the War of 1812, his son William took over the property, converting it to an inn.  It was here that his son John was spent his early years; he would later achieve fame as the publisher of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.  The next owner, Nathaniel Russell, owned a local iron manufacturing business.  His granddaughter married into the family of Barnabas Hedge, one of his business partners, and eventually inherited the property.  In 1951, the Hedge family sold the house to a bank, which made additions to the rear to accommodate its business.  The modern attachments to the structure have since been extended further, but the house interior still retains many original features.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Plymouth County, Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1803
Houses in Plymouth, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Federal architecture in Massachusetts

Bartlett–Russell–Hedge House


The 'Hatcher' mango is a named commercial mango cultivar that originated in south Florida.

History
The original tree was grown from seed on the property of nurseryman John Hatcher in Lantana, Florida and was selected during the 1940s. A 2005 pedigree analysis indicated that Hatcher was likely a cross between the Haden and Brooks cultivars. John Hatcher's grove continues in operation throughout the decades selling the Hatcher mangoes and trees. Today, the grove is still in operation at its original location and ships mangoes nationwide.

Examples of Hatcher have been planted at the USDA's germplasm collection, the Miami-Dade Fruit and Spice Park in Homestead, Florida.

Description
The Hatcher fruit skin is yellow in color at maturity often with a pink blush. The fruits average over three pounds in weight and are large compared to most mangoes, with an oval shape and lacking a beak. The flesh is fiberless and orange–yellow in color with a mild, sweet flavor. Hatcher contains a monoembryonic seed, and the fruit typically matures from July to August in Florida.

The trees reach large sizes and are vigorous growers with dense canopies.

References

Mango cultivars
Flora of Florida
Agriculture in Florida

Hatcher (mango)


Irangani Manel Abeysekera is a Sri Lankan diplomat. Having served as Sri Lankan Ambassador in Germany and Thailand, she is known as Sri Lanka's first woman career diplomat.

Education
Abeysekera was born to E. W. Kannangara, a prominent civil servant who had served as the Clerk of the State Council. Educated at Methodist College, Colombo, she read history at Somerville College, Oxford. After joining the Overseas Service she studied modern languages at New Hall, Cambridge.

Abeysekera is an Honorary Fellow of Somerville College.

Diplomatic career

After graduating from Oxford in 1957, she returned to Ceylon and applied to the newly formed Ceylon Overseas Service through the Ceylon Civil Service, having become only female in the batch of eight selected candidates. Having been appointed to the service as the first female recruit, she became the first female diplomat in Sri Lanka.

Having completed her modern languages training at Cambridge, she was made permanent in her appointment and took up the post of Third Secretary at the Ceylon's High Commission in London. Thereafter she was posted to Thailand as Charge d' Affaires from 1970 to 1974. Returning to Sri Lanka in 1974 she took up the post of Chief of Protocol at the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence, where she played a major role in organizing the Non-Aligned Summit in 1976. During her tuner she wrote the Foreign Ministry Manual of Protocol Procedure. She then went on to serve as Sri Lankan Ambassador to Thailand, there after Director General - Press and Publicity Division of the Foreign Ministry and finally became Sri Lankan Ambassador to Germany, having accreditation to Austria and Switzerland. She retired from the Foreign Service in 1993.

At present, she works as a Consultant (Foreign Service Training), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is based at the Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute of International Relations and Strategic Studies and is also as a Consultant on Gender and Development

Family
Abeysekera married Hector Abeysekera, a UN diplomat.

References and external links

1933 births
Living people
Alumni of Methodist College, Colombo
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Germany
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Thailand
Sinhalese people
Sri Lankan civil servants
Sri Lankan diplomats
Sri Lankan women ambassadors
Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
Date of birth missing (living people)

Manel Abeysekera