October: Ten Days That Shook the World (; translit. Oktyabr': Desyat' dney kotorye potryasli mir) is a 1928 Soviet silent historical film written and directed by Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov. It is a celebratory dramatization of the 1917 October Revolution commissioned for the tenth anniversary of the event. Originally released in the Soviet Union as October, the film was re-edited and released internationally as Ten Days That Shook The World, after John Reed's popular 1919 book on the Revolution.

Plot
The film opens with the elation after the February Revolution and the establishment of the Provisional Government, depicting the throwing down of the Tsar's monument. It moves quickly to point out it's the "same old story" of war and hunger under the Provisional Government, however. The buildup to the October Revolution is dramatized with intertitles marking the dates of events.

April 1917 Vladimir Lenin returns to Petrograd's Finland railway station packed with supporters.

July 1917 The demonstrations in Nevsky Square are fired upon by the army. The government orders the working class to be cut off from the city center, and in a dramatic sequence the bridges are raised with the bodies of the Bolsheviks still on them as the Bourgeoisie throw copies of the Bolshevik newspaper into the river.

The Bolshevik headquarters also is destroyed by the ruling class, and the Provisional Government orders the arrest of Lenin, who has gone underground but continues to direct the plans for the uprising. Provisional Government leader Alexander Kerensky is mockingly characterized and compared to a mechanical peacock and Napoleon, before satirically being accused of aspiring to the Russian throne.

General Kornilov advances his troops on Petrograd "for God and country." While the government is helpless the Bolsheviks rally to the defense. The Bolsheviks take control of the city's arsenal and General Kornilov is arrested. Leaflets spread the messages of the revolution, and workers are trained to use weapons for the "last and decisive battle."

October 1917 The Bolshevik Committee votes to approve Lenin's proposal to revolt.

24 October Lenin returns to the Smolny after four months in hiding and takes control of the uprising on the eve of the 25th. A message is sent to the people declaring the Provisional Government is deposed as of 25 October at 10 AM.

25 October The cruiser Aurora sails in as the workers take control of the bridges. The Minister of War calls troops to the aid of the deposed government, and Cossacks and the Women's Death Battalion arrive at the Winter Palace and lounge on the Tsar's billiard table. The Provisional Government drafts an appeal to the citizens attempting to reassert its legitimacy, but that evening a congress is held including delegates from all parts of the country and the Soviets are voted into power.

With the weapons and preparations by the Military Revolutionary Committee, Bolsheviks march immediately on the Winter Palace and demand its surrender. The Provisional Government, seemingly aloof, gives no reply. The Women's Death Battalion surrenders and kills their superiors. A group of Soviets infiltrate the vast palace through the cellars and locate the government forces inside. The Cossacks surrender and join the Soviets. At the congress, the Mensheviks appeal for a bloodless end to the conflict, depicted as "harping", falls on deaf ears.

The signal is given by a shot from the Aurora and the assault begins in earnest. In an epic climactic sequence, Soviets storm the palace en masse and overwhelm the defending forces. Soldiers in the palace raid the palace for valuables, only to have their pockets turned out by the Soviets once they have surrendered. Finally, the Soviets beat down the door to the Provisional Government's chambers and arrest the government members. Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko drafts a formal statement declaring the Provisional Government deposed. Clocks around the world are shown marking the time of the revolution's success as the Soviets cheer.

26 October The new government sets about building a new state, passing decrees for peace and land.

Cast
 Nikolai Popov — Alexander Kerensky
 Vasili Nikandrov — Vladimir Lenin
 Lyaschenko — Aleksandr Konovalov
 Chibisov — Matvey Skobelev
 Boris Livanov — Mikhail Tereshchenko
 Mikhalev — Nikolai Kishkin
 Nikolai Podvoisky — Bolshevik
 Smelsky — Dmitry Verderevsky
 Eduard Tisse — German Soldier
 Yuri Sazonov — Munist

Production

October was one of two films commissioned by the Soviet government to honour the tenth anniversary of the October Revolution (the other was Vsevolod Pudovkin's The End of St. Petersburg). Eisenstein was chosen to head the project due to the international success he had achieved with Battleship Potemkin (1925). Nikolai Podvoisky, one of the troika who led the storming of the Winter Palace, was responsible for the commission. The scene of the storming was based more on The Storming of the Winter Palace (1920), a re-enactment involving Vladimir Lenin and thousands of Red Guards, witnessed by 100,000 spectators, than the original occasion, which was far less photogenic. This scene became the legitimate, historical depiction of the storming of the Winter Palace owing to the lack of print or film documenting the actual event, which led historians and filmmakers to use Eisenstein's recreation. This illustrates Octobers success as a propaganda film.

According to the memoirs of Alexander Gorodnitsky, his father Moisei described that "in the film October there were almost no professional actors. Lenin, for example was played by Nikandrov, a cement factory worker who had with him a portrait likeness. For him a suit, coat and hat were sewed, and a bald spot was shaved on his head. Likewise a University student took on the role of Kerensky. Zinoviev was played by his real brother, in the role of Trotsky some kind of dentist was employed who also had much in common with the hero".

Style
Eisenstein used the film to further develop his theories of film structure, using a concept he described as "intellectual montage", the editing together of shots of apparently unconnected objects in order to create and encourage intellectual comparisons between them. One of the film's most celebrated examples of this technique is a baroque image of Jesus that is compared, through a series of shots, to Hindu deities, the Buddha, Aztec gods, and finally a primitive idol in order to suggest the sameness of all religions; the idol is then compared with military regalia to suggest the linking of patriotism and religious fervour by the state. In another sequence Alexander Kerensky, head of the pre-Bolshevik revolutionary Provisional Government, is compared to a preening mechanical peacock.

Soundtrack
The original 1928 score was written by composer Edmund Meisel. In 1966, Dmitri Shostakovich wrote a new soundtrack for the film, which later appeared as a tone poem 'October' Op.131 where Shostakovich's famous 'Partisan' theme makes an appearance. Sound effects (such as the shouting of crowds, gunshots, glasses breaking) were added to the film after its initial release by co-director Grigori Aleksandrov. This soundtrack is the one used on most DVD releases of the film.

Responses

The film was not as successful or influential in the Soviet Union as Battleship Potemkin.

Among the first spectators of the picture were some who found the film stilted and artificial. Vladimir Mayakovsky said the following about Nikandrov's acting who embodied the character of Lenin in the film:

Eisenstein's montage experiments met with official disapproval; the authorities complained that October was unintelligible to the masses, and Eisenstein was attacked—for neither the first time nor the last—for excessive "formalism". He was also required to re-edit the work to expurgate references to Leon Trotsky, who had recently been purged by Joseph Stalin.

Writing for The Spectator in 1936, Graham Greene gave the film a neutral review. Characterizing the pacing, Greene described it as "restless, excited, [and] crackling with venom", and remarked that the vividness of small impressionistic touches such as the endlessly swinging committee-room door, "telephone bells ringing", and "scared people getting up and proposing resolutions" could only have been properly presented by "one which only a participant would have thought of".

In spite of the film's lack of popular acceptance, film historians consider it to be an immensely rich experience—a sweeping historical epic of vast scale, and a powerful testament to Eisenstein's creativity and artistry. Vsevolod Pudovkin, after viewing the film, remarked, "How I should like to make such a powerful failure."

See also
 Propaganda film
 List of films in the public domain in the United States

References

External links

1928 drama films
1928 films
1920s historical drama films
Soviet silent feature films
Soviet revolutionary propaganda films
Soviet epic films
Soviet historical drama films
Soviet black-and-white films
Russian Revolution films
Cultural depictions of Vladimir Lenin
Films about communism
Films about Vladimir Lenin
Films directed by Sergei Eisenstein
Films scored by Dmitri Shostakovich
Films set in 1917
Films set in Saint Petersburg
Articles containing video clips
Censored films
Silent drama films
Silent adventure films

October: Ten Days That Shook the World


Democritus meditating on the seat of the soul (Démocrite méditant sur le siège de l'âme) is a statue by Léon-Alexandre Delhomme (1841–1895), exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1868. It shows the Greek philosopher Democritus, his eyes fixed on a skull he holds in his hands. It is now exhibited in the garden of the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.

On its base is inscribed an extract from the 29th fable of La Fontaine:
"Hippocrates in time arrived at the conclusion that he had not sought whether the heart or the head was the seat of either reason or sense in man and beast"

Notes

Bronze sculptures in France
1868 sculptures
Sculptures in the Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
Statues in France
Skulls in art


Thomas M. Baxa is an artist whose work has appeared in role-playing games.

Biography
Tom Baxa grew up in the suburbs of Chicago. He enrolled at Northern Illinois University, where he studied under comic and fantasy artist Mark Nelson.

Works
Tom Baxa has continued to produce interior illustrations for many Dungeons & Dragons books and Dragon magazine since 1989, as well as cover art for Realmspace (1991), Greyspace (1992), Swamplight (1993), and Forest Maker. He has also produced artwork for many other games including Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness (Palladium Books), Torg (West End Games), GURPS (Steve Jackson Games), Shadowrun and Earthdawn (FASA Corporation), and illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.

Baxa was the Artist Guest of Honor for Gen Con Indy 2010.

References

External links

 Baxa Art - official home page

Living people
Northern Illinois University alumni
Role-playing game artists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Thomas Baxa


Patrick Joseph "P. J." Kennedy (January 14, 1858 – May 18, 1929) was an American businessman and politician. Kennedy was a major figure in the Democratic Party in Boston. He was the father of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (1888-1969) and the grandfather of President John F. Kennedy (1917-1963).

The son of Irish immigrants, he was the only surviving male in the family after two outbreaks of Cholera. He started work at fourteen as a stevedore in the docks. Kennedy owned three saloons and a whisky import house, and eventually had major interests in coal and banking. He moved successfully into politics, as a sociable man able to mix comfortably with both the Irish and the Protestant elite, and he sat in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and in the Massachusetts Senate. His particular talent was for the behind-the-scenes machinations for which Boston politics became so notorious.

Early life

P. J. was the youngest of five children born to Irish Catholic immigrants Patrick Kennedy (1823–1858) and Bridget Murphy (1821–1888), who were both from New Ross, County Wexford, and married in Boston on September 26, 1849. The couple's elder son, John, had died of cholera in infancy two years before P. J. was born. Ten months after P. J.'s birth, his father Patrick also succumbed to the infectious cholera epidemic that infested the family's East Boston neighborhood. As the only surviving male, P. J. was the first Kennedy to receive a formal education. His mother Bridget had purchased an East Boston stationery and notions store where she had worked. The business took off and expanded into a grocery and liquor store.

At the age of fourteen, P. J. left school to work with his mother and three older sisters, Mary, Joanna, and Margaret, as a stevedore on the Boston Docks. In the 1880s, with money he had saved from his modest earnings, he launched a business career by buying a saloon in Haymarket Square downtown. In time, he bought a second establishment by the East Boston docks. Next, to capitalize on the social drinking of upperclass Boston, Kennedy purchased a third bar in an upscale East Boston hotel, the Maverick House. Before he was thirty, his growing prosperity allowed him to buy a whiskey-importing business. By the time he died in 1929, Kennedy held an interest in a coal company and a substantial amount ofstock in a bank, the Columbia Trust Company. His wealth afforded his family of one son and two daughters an attractive home on Jeffries Point in East Boston.

Political career

Kennedy was "always ready to help less fortunate fellow Irishmen with a little cash and some sensible advice." He enjoyed the approval and respect of most folks in East Boston, living on the hill of a mixed Boston neighborhood of upscale Irish and Protestant elite. Beginning in 1884, he converted his popularity into five consecutive one-year terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, followed by three two-year terms in the Massachusetts Senate. Establishing himself as one of Boston's principal Democratic leaders, he was invited to give one of the seconding speeches for Grover Cleveland at the party's 1888 national convention in St. Louis. However, he found campaigning, speech making, and legislative maneuvering, to be less appealing than the behind-the-scenes machinations that characterized so much of Boston politics in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. After leaving the Senate in 1895, Kennedy spent his political career as an appointed elections commissioner, an appointed fire commissioner, as the backroom boss of Boston's Ward Two, and as a member of his party's unofficial Board of Strategy.

Marriage and children
On November 23, 1887, he married Mary Augusta Hickey (1857-1923), daughter of James Hickey and Margaret Martha Field. P. J. and Mary had four children:
Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (1888-1969), a businessman and politician who married Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (1890-1995).
Francis Kennedy (1891-1892), died young.
Mary Kennedy (1892-1972), who married George William Connelly (1898-1971).
Margaret Kennedy (1898-1974), who married Charles Joseph Burke (1899-1967).

Death
P. J. Kennedy died on May 18, 1929 from natural causes at age 71.
Kennedy family

P. J. Kennedy


Glasnost () was a policy that called for increased openness in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union. It was introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the second half of the 1980s. Glasnost is often paired with Perestroika (restructuring), another reform instituted by Gorbachev at the same time. The word "glasnost" has been used in Russian at least since the end of the 18th century.

The word was often used by Gorbachev for policies he believed might reduce corruption at the top, and moderate the abuse of power by the Central Committee. Russian human rights activist and dissident Lyudmila Alexeyeva explained glasnost as a word that "had been in the Russian language for centuries. It was in the dictionaries and lawbooks as long as there had been dictionaries and lawbooks. It was an ordinary, hardworking, nondescript word that was used to refer to a process, any process of justice of governance, being conducted in the open".

Glasnost can also refer to the specific period in the history of the USSR during the 1980s when there was less censorship and greater freedom of information.

References

Mikhail Gorbachev
1980s in the Soviet Union
Politics of Russia

Glasnost


Cannabis in Vanuatu is illegal for recreational purposes but is legal for medical and industrial purposes.

Enforcement
A 2017 news report noted recent increases in cannabis arrests as police attempted to clarify and enforce cannabis law on remote islands where "locals did not adapt." A 2018 report recounted an incident on the Epi Island to Port Vila ferry where some 60 young people from Malekula were being transported under police escort for cannabis cultivation, distribution, and consumption.

Medical reform
A September 2018 news report noted that Vanuatu's national health care system was considering clinical trials of a cannabis-based drug to treat diabetes. On September 20, 2018, the government's Council of Ministers issued Decision 157/2018 allowing for the establishment of industries for the production of medical cannabis and industrial hemp.

References

Vanuatu
Drugs in Vanuatu

Cannabis in Vanuatu


Brynseng is a rapid transit station on the Oslo Metro system located in the Helsfyr borough. The station is shared by three lines, the Østensjø Line (Line 3), the Furuset Line (Line 2) and the Lambertseter Line (Line  1 and 4). The station has four platforms. The two northernmost platforms are for trains on the Østensjø- and Furuset Line. The Lambertseter Line uses the two other platforms before turning south and leaving the other two lines. At Brynseng Station is one of the train yards for the metro operator Oslo T-banedrift.

References

External links

Oslo Metro stations in Oslo
Railway stations in Norway opened in 1966

Brynseng (station)


A traffic collision, also known as a car crash, is when one or more cars crash into something.

Informally, a car crash may also refer to something or someone that has suffered ruin or a calamity.

Car Crash or Carcrash may also refer to:

 "Car Crash" (Matt Nathanson song), on the album Some Mad Hope
 "Car Crash" (Our Lady Peace song), on the album Clumsy
 "Car Crash" (Powerman 5000 song), on the album The Blood-Splat Rating System
 "Car Crash" (Avengers song), on the EP We Are the One
 "Car Crash" (Dirty Americans song), a song by Dirty Americans
 Carcrash International, an English rock music group
 "Carcrash" (Esbjörn Svensson Trio song), on the album Strange Place for Snow
 "Carcrash" (Section 25 song), on the album Love & Hate
 Car Crash (film), a 1981 Italian-Spanish-Mexican action film

See also

 Car (disambiguation)
 Crash (disambiguation)
 List of car crash songs

Car Crash


Saints Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Denise (Dionisia, Dionysia) are venerated as martyrs by the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic Churches.  They were killed in the 3rd century at Lampsacus, Mysia (in present-day Turkey) on the Hellespont.

Martyrdom
According to tradition, Denise was martyred during the persecution of Christians by the Emperor Decius, along with three men named Andrew, Paul, and Nichomachus.  Nichomachus,  "presumptuous and over-confident", denied that he was a Christian after he was tortured and was asked to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods.  However, as he was about to perform this task, he suffered a convulsion and fell dead.  Andrew and Paul refused to apostatize and were tortured on the rack and then imprisoned.

Denise was a sixteen-year-old Christian girl who vocalized her unhappiness regarding Nichomachus' apostasy.  She was brought before the proconsul Optimus, and refused to abjure her faith.  Optimus condemned her to be raped by several soldiers; however, according to tradition, she was "subjected to the approaches of three libertines, but was protected by an angel." Paul and Andrew were finally led to their execution, and were stoned to death in the local arena.

Denise managed to escape from prison and locate the bodies of the two men.  She publicly expressed her desire to share their martyrdom, was carried away by force, and was promptly ordered to be beheaded by Optimus.

Feast day
The feast day of these saints is observed in the Roman Catholic Church on May 15, and in the Eastern Orthodox Church on May 18 (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, May 18 falls on May 31 of the modern Gregorian Calendar).

Relics
Relics attributed to Denise were brought to the Abbey of Flône in Belgium in 1922, and placed within a statue of wax; the relics included a vase associated that contains her crystallized blood.  A second vase contains earth said to have been drenched with the blood of Christian martyrs.  On the sarcophagus is embedded a marble tablet said to come from Roman catacombs; it carries the inscription: DIONISE, V.M..I.IN.P  VIX.  AN.  XXIX. ("Denise, celebrated virgin martyr rests in peace. She lived 29 years").

The relics are visible through small openings; in the modern era this saint is invoked for protection against bicycle and motorcycle accidents and headaches.

See also
Denis

References

External links
 Santi Pietro, Andrea, Paolo e Dionisia
 Padre Felipe Santos Campaña SDB «Santa Dionisia, Mayo 15» dal sito autorescatolicos.org

Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era
Saints from Roman Anatolia
3rd-century Christian martyrs
Year of birth unknown
Virgin martyrs

Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Denise


Micrathena sagittata, also known as the arrow-shaped micrathena,  is a species of spider belonging to the family Araneidae. It is found in the eastern United States and throughout Central America.

This is a striking spider with a distinctive arrow-shaped abdomen which is largely yellow, with black depressions above and variable red and black patterning below. There are 3 pairs of tubercles that are tipped with black and red at the base. The pair of tubercles at the back end of the abdomen are rather large and point outward, forming two corners of the triangular, arrow-shaped body. Females can grow up to  in length (excluding legs), while males are smaller at . The males lack spines and are rarely seen.

The genus name is derived from the Greek "micro," meaning "small," and the goddess Athena. The species name sagittata is Latin meaning "arrowed, in the form of an arrow" referring to the shape of the abdomen.

References

General references

Araneidae
Spiders described in 1841
Spiders of Central America
Spiders of North America

Micrathena sagittata


"Weeping Willow" is a 1903 classic piano ragtime composition by Scott Joplin.
It was one of Joplin's simpler and less famous ragtime scores, written during a transitional period in his life, and one of the few pieces that Joplin cut as a piano roll in a 1916 session.

Music
"Weeping Willow" is sub-titled "A rag time two step", which was a form of dance popular until about 1911, and a common style among rags written at the time.

Its structure is: Intro A A B B A C C D D

The A and B sections are in the key of G major very lofty and highly melodic. The "B" section makes good use of alternating patterns creating interesting melodic shifts. The Trio ("C" section) is in the key of C major; its chord progression was popular in black folk songs, and was used in Eddie Miller's Tain't Nobody's Bizness If I Do. The D section emphasizes another fine melody, and accentuates the variety found between sections.

Publication history
Joplin's recent scuffle with John Stillwell Stark over the publication of The Ragtime Dance created a level of animosity between composer and publisher. Weeping Willow became the second of many pieces published by a firm other than Stark's since Maple Leaf Rag.

The copyright was registered June 6, 1903, and sheet music was published by the Val A. Reis Music Company of St. Louis.  The piece was also released on Connorized piano rolls.

See also
 List of compositions by Scott Joplin

References

External links
"Perfessor" Bill Edwards plays Joplin, with anecdotes and research.
MIDI format

Compositions for solo piano
1903 compositions
Rags by Scott Joplin

Weeping Willow (rag)


In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as inorganic chemistry.

Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation.

All allotropes (structurally different pure forms of an element) and some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, graphene, etc.), carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , carbides, and salts of inorganic anions such as carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, phosphates, sulphates, chlorates, etc. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it cannot not occur within living things.

History
Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern organic chemistry. In Wöhler's era, there was widespread belief that organic compounds were characterized by a vital spirit.  In the absence of vitalism, the distinction between inorganic and organic chemistry is merely semantic.

Modern usage
The Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) in its definition of "inorganic" carbon compounds, states that such compounds may contain either C-H or C-C bonds, but not both.
The book series Inorganic Syntheses does not define inorganic compounds. The majority of its content deals with metal complexes of organic ligands.
IUPAC does not offer a definition of "inorganic" or "inorganic compound" but does define inorganic polymer as "...skeletal structure that does not include carbon atoms."

See also
 Inorganic compounds by element
 List of inorganic compounds
 List of named inorganic compounds
 Mineral acid

References

Inorganic compound


The Pernil Alto archaeological site is located in Rio Grande District of Palpa province in the Ica Region of Peru. Although the site was occupied earlier, archaeologists traced the adoption of agriculture by the inhabitants from about 3800 BCE to 3000 BCE (5800 to 5000 BP). The excavators cite radiocarbon dates which establish Pernil Alto as the oldest known inland and sedentary agricultural village in the Central Andes of Peru and Bolivia. The date at which agriculture became the main source of subsistence for the inhabitants of Pernil Alto was 3300 BCE.

Description
Pernil Alto was discovered in 2001 by the German Archaeological Institute. The site is in the Andrean foothills about  from the Pacific Ocean and  from the high Andes. Pernil Alto is located on a terrace approximately  above the irrigated valley of the Rio Grande de Nazca River at an elevation of . This area in the 21st century is a desert, receiving less than  of precipitation annually. In 3000 BC the site was more favorable for agriculture, hunting, and foraging with an estimated annual precipitation of  and vegetation consisting of sparse grassland and riparian forest.

The excavated site covers about . Within that area were 18 dwellings, not all occupied simultaneously, consisting of semi-subterranean circular or oval huts measuring  to  in diameter along with associated fireplaces and storage pits. Archaeologists found 33 graves with the skeletons of 35 persons as well as artifacts made of stone, bone, wood, and straw, plus jewelry. The maximum population of Pernil Alto might have reached 50 persons. The artifacts found and the settlement pattern around an open plaza demonstrate that Pernil Alto became a sedentary village of year-round occupation rather than the scattered dwellings of a hamlet occupied by seasonal nomads.

Adoption of agriculture
Botanical remains at the site were well-preserved due to the extreme aridity. The archaeologists traced the adoption of agriculture as the main source of subsistence by the inhabitants of Pernil Alto. They recovered the botanical remains of ten genera of edible plants. The most important wild food plant was a species of mesquite (Prosopis pallida) which produces edible beans and pods. The most important cultivated crops were sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) and lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus). Other food crops cultivated were Canna (Canna indica), an edible root; beans (Phaseolus vulgaris); guava (Psidium guajava), a fruit; jack-beans (Canavalia); squash (Cucurbita); and Jicama (Pachyrhizus), an edible root. The people of Pernil Alto also cultivated the bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) for use as vessels.  The two most common food plants in the later history of Peru, maize and potatoes, were absent from the site. None of the food plants grown at Pernil Alto originated there, but were imported from agricultural cultures elsewhere.

The examination of botanical remains enabled the archaeologists to determine that in 3800 BCE more than 60 percent of the food consumed by the inhabitants of Pernil Alto was from wild plants.  By 3000 BCE more than 70 percent of the food consumed was from cultivated plants. The cross-over point at which food from cultivated plants equaled the food from wild plants was about 3300 BCE. Over a period of about 800 years Pernil Alto had evolved from being a hamlet occupied by hunter-gatherers with limited agriculture to a village occupied by farmers who grew most of their food.

The village of Pernil Alto was abandoned in about 2900 BCE, possibly due to the Rio Grande River changing its course to a more distant part of the valley. The archaeologists claim that Pernil Alto is the "oldest hitherto known agricultural village of the Central Andes," although similar villages of equal or greater age may still be found in the Andes foothills.  Older villages also existed near the Pacific coast of Peru, although they depended as much or more upon marine resources than agriculture.

Notes

Archaeological sites in Peru
Ruins in Peru
Archaeological sites in Ica Region
History of agriculture
Prehistoric agriculture
Andean preceramic
Agriculture in Peru

Pernil Alto


Edgar Ewing Brandon (August 9, 1865 – June 8, 1957) was a professor of French and college administrator who served twice as acting president of Miami University (1909–10 and 1927–28) and was an expert on the Marquis de Lafayette.

Born in York Springs, Pennsylvania, Brandon earned an A.B. degree from the University of Michigan, a A.M. degree from the University of Missouri in 1897 and a Docteur d'Universite degree from the University of Paris in 1904.

Dr. Brandon was appointed professor of Romance Languages at Miami University and held that position until his retirement in 1931.  He served as vice president of Miami University from 1908 to 1931, Dean from 1912 to 1931 and was twice acting president.  In 1906, he became the first faculty advisor to the organization that would become Phi Kappa Tau fraternity and later served two terms as national president of the fraternity.  For his guidance in the development of the fraternity, he is known as the "Architect of Phi Kappa Tau."  The fraternity gives the Edgar Ewing Brandon Award to outstanding faculty advisors in the fraternity each year.

During World War I, he served in France as director of the Foyer du Soldat (French YMCA).

In his retirement, he wrote two books on the Marquis de Lafayette chronicling his travels through the United States.

He died in Hamilton, Ohio and is buried in the Oxford (Ohio) Cemetery.  Brandon Hall, a dormitory on the Miami University campus is named for Dr. Brandon.

References

1865 births
1957 deaths
Presidents of Miami University
University of Missouri alumni
Miami University faculty
University of Michigan alumni
Phi Kappa Tau
Burials at Oxford Cemetery, Oxford, Ohio

Edgar Ewing Brandon


Gustav Solomon Oppert, (30 July 1836 – 1 March 1908) was a  German Indologist and Sanskritist. He was a professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Presidency College, Madras, a Telugu translator to government, and a curator in the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library. He was a professor in Madras from 1872 to 1893. He was also editor of the Madras Journal of Literature and Science from 1878 to 1882. After traveling in north India from 1893 to 1894, he returned to Europe in 1894.

Early life
Oppert was born in Hamburg on 30 July 1836 and counted Julius Oppert and Ernst Oppert among his eleven siblings. He  obtained a PhD in 1860, having attended four universities - Bonn, Leipzig, Berlin and Halle - and in 1866 became an assistant librarian at the Bodleian Library in Oxford, England. He also took a similar post at Windsor Castle for Queen Victoria.

Orientalist
In 1872, Oppert was appointed professor of Sanskrit at the Presidency College in Madras. He stayed in that post until 1893, when he left to conduct a tour of north India, China, Japan and the United States before returning to Berlin to become privat-docent in Dravidian languages at the university.

Oppert's significant writings are On the classification of languages (1879), On the weapons, army, organisation and Political Maxims of the ancient Hindoos (1880), Lists of Sanskrit manuscripts in Southern India (2 Vol. 1880-1885), Contributions to the history of Southern India (1882), and On the original inhabitants of Bharatavarsha of India (1893).

In the last of these, Oppert used extensive philological research to support the idea of the Dravidians as the original inhabitants of India.  Among popular Dravidians, Oppert counts Thiruvalluvar, who wrote the Thirukkural, and Avvaiyar, the Tamil poet saint.

He edited the book entitled Ramarajiyamu or Narapativijayamu written in Telugu by Venkayya, when he was working ay Presidency College. It was published by Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons in 1923.

Death
Oppert, who was unmarried and childless, died in Berlin on 1 March 1908. He was buried there at the Weissensee Jewish cemetery.

References

Further reading

1836 births
1908 deaths
German Indologists
Jewish orientalists
19th-century German Jews
Writers from Hamburg
German male non-fiction writers
University of Bonn alumni
Leipzig University alumni
University of Halle alumni
Berlin University of the Arts alumni
Academic staff of the Berlin University of the Arts
Academic staff of Presidency College, Chennai
People associated with the Bodleian Library
German librarians

Gustav Solomon Oppert


Vu Cat Tuong ( October 2, 1992 in Long An) is a Vietnamese singer, songwriter, and record producer. She can sing R&B, neo soul, pop, blues, jazz, funk and ballad.

1992-2013: Childhood and career start

Vu Cat Tuong was born on October 2, 1992 in Long An city, in family with tradition of education; Her father and grandfather are teachers. In 5 years old, she learned organ and start learning music in 2013.

Vũ Cát Tường auditioned for The Voice of Vietnam season 2, singing "Đông" in her blind audition. All four coaches, Đàm Vĩnh Hưng, Mỹ Linh, Quốc Trung and Hồng Nhung turned her chair for her and Tường eventually chose to join team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng.

Vũ Cát Tường was pitted against fellow team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng member, Song Tú, who defeated her after singing "One Night Only". Although not chosen as the winner, she received three "steals" from other coaches and opted for Hồng Nhung. In the Knockout round, Vũ Cát Tường sang "Cám ơn tình yêu tôi" by Phương Uyên and advanced to the Live shows.

In the semi-final round, coach Hồng Nhung gave her all 100% of her point, which advanced her to the finale without any public vote counted. In the live finale broadcast on December 15, 2013, she was declared the second runner-up of the second season, behind team Đàm Vĩnh Hưng's Vũ Thảo My and team Mỹ Linh's Nguyễn Hoàng Tôn.

2014–2016: Release MV, Album Vol.1, The Voice Kids
In 2014, Vũ Cát Tường released her first products created by herself: "Yêu xa" is a love story of two lovers who must be temporarily apart. On pop background played by piano, the song has bright colors but still full of narrative feelings. This is the first single from Vũ Cát Tường's debut album, which marked her collaboration with musician Huy Tuấn, who is the music producer of the album. After the debut, this song received a lot of attention and reached the top of the music charts. Vũ Cát Tường also released this music video, the MV uses body language to create a poetic but daring multidimensional way of romance over geographical distances. At the end of 2014, Vũ Cát Tường released her first album Giải mã (Decode) (December 23). The songs in this album were all composed by Vũ Cát Tường with her true nostalgia and emotions about life. After that, Vũ Cát Tường also produced an MV for a song in the album Giải mã (Decode): "Anh và Anh".

In 2015, Vũ Cát Tường released two singles that were "Góc đa hình" for fans in the summer and single "Phai" with a new remix. These two years also marked the moments when the name Vũ Cát Tường "bombarded" the awards, the rankings. These are the recognition for Tường's creation, the music products regarded by the audience and highly appreciated by the experts.

After 1 gap year, Vũ Cát Tường returned, the first shot in 2016 was the release of the "Mơ" single – one of the hits that built Vũ Cát Tường's music career. "Mơ" is a soulful version of Soul & R&B music that had Vũ Cát Tường's hidden minds. The song still holds the style of Tường with the loosened melody and the romantic lyrics. The message that she wants to convey in this song is "the peaceful moments watching the moon on the terrace".

Living people
1992 births
Singer-songwriters
Record producers

Vũ Cát Tường


ArtEZ University of Arts () is an art academy in Netherlands. ArtEZ  combines several art institutes and art disciplines with branches in Arnhem, Enschede, and Zwolle. In its name the A stands for Arnhem, the E for Enschede, and Z for Zwolle.

Academics
ArtEZ has divisions in the following subjects in the following locations:
 Arnhem: fashion design, graphic design, product design, fine art, music, creative writing, dance, theatre, architecture, interior, education in art, interaction design
 Enschede has two locations: the AKI Academy for Art & Design offering graphic design, fine art, and moving image, and the conservatory, offering music and education in art
 Zwolle: graphic design, music, architecture, interior, education in art

Notable alumni

 Alexander van Slobbe (fashion designer)
 Iris van Herpen (fashion designer)
 Lucas Ossendrijver (fashion designer)
 Viktor & Rolf (fashion designers)
 Wilbert Das (fashion designer)
 Lidewij Edelkoort (trend forecaster)
 Marcel Wanders (product designer)
 Ruud-Jan Kokke (product designer)
 Martin Majoor (type designer)
 Tom Holkenborg (DJ, componist and producer)
 Daan Roosegaarde (innovator)
 Levi van Veluw (fine arts)

References

External links
 ArtEZ official website

Art schools in the Netherlands
Schools in Arnhem

ArtEZ University of Arts


The National Academic Grand Opera and Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus () is located in a park in the Trinity Hill district of Minsk. Local people call it the "Opierny Teatr" (Belarusian) or the "Opera and Ballet Theatre." While the theatre opened on 15 May 1933, in the beginning, it did not have its own performance venue. Until 1938, the troupe performed at the Belarusian Drama Theatre building.

History
The first permanent theatre was founded in Belarus in 1933 based on the Belarusian Opera and ballet school; the founder of the studio was a famous Russian Opera singer Anton Bonachich (Belarusian: Anton Bonatschitsch) (ru: Антон Петрович Боначич). Shortly after, Bonachich died in 1933.

The current theatre's building was opened in 1939. It was designed by the Belarusian architect from Leningrad,  Iosif Langbard, whose original design was only partially implemented; some design details were omitted for financial reasons. The theatre has reliefs done by Zair Azgur.

Bizet's Carmen opened the theatre on 25 May 1933 with the title role being sung by Larisa Aleksandrovskaya. Several professional soloists and dancers were added to the troupe in the first few years at this location. Swan Lake, performed by K. Muller, was the first show on the stage of the new theatre. By 1940, Grand was added to the theatre's name to indicate its expansion. The performances by the theatre company during the "Decade of Belarusian Art" in Moscow in June 1940 was a great success which included the first Belarusian ballet, The Nightingale composed by Mikhail Kroshner, as well as other national operas such as "In the Dense Forest of Palesse", "The Flower of Fortune", and the second version of "Mikhas Podgorny". Performances continued during the war in Nizhny Novgorod, then known as Gorky until the liberation of Minsk in 1944; after that performances took place in Kovrov.

Enrichment of post World War 2 repertoire and expansion

During this time the repertoire was greatly enriched. The most famous operas staged in this theatre include Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky, Otello and Don Carlo by Giuseppe Verdi, Jacques Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann, Sadko and The Golden Cockerel by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Lohengrin by Richard Wagner. Socialist realist operas by Belarusian composers such as Yuri Semenyako, Yevgeny Glebov (Your Spring, 1963) and Heinrich Wagner were included.

 Among the most notable composers has been Kulikovich Shcheglov, who like some of the writers went into exile after the war. Others include Yevgeny Glebov, composer of the opera Your Spring (1963) and the ballet Alpine Ballad (1967), ..." In 1967, the theatre was awarded the title of Academic for its status in the progression of the performing arts.

In 1996 the State Theater was divided into two independent theatres: the National Academic Grand Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus and the National Academic Opera Theatre of Belarus, but in 2008 they once again combined to become the present name, National Academic Grand Opera and Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus.

The building was renovated and it reopened in 2009. Many sculptures were added around the theatre, its stage was slightly moved and audience space expanded. The most up-to-date lighting and motion equipment were added while adhering to the original design. The ballet company is considered one of the foremost companies in the world.

The theatre today
Works by Belarus composers in the company's repertoire today include Dmitry Smolsky's The Grey Legend (Russian «Седая легенда» 1978).

References

External links
 National Academic Grand Opera and Ballet Theatre of the Republic of Belarus – official website

Buildings and structures in Minsk
Theatres in Belarus
Culture in Minsk
Tourist attractions in Minsk
Theatres completed in 1939
Music venues completed in 1939

National Opera and Ballet of Belarus


The Wheeler-Merriam House (also known as the Elm Brook Farm) is a historic house located at 477 Virginia Road in Concord, Massachusetts.  With a construction history dating to about 1692, it is one of Concord's oldest buildings.  It is also notable for having joinery by Abner Wheeler, a prominent local builder of the late 18th century, and for its long association with the locally prominent Wheeler and Merriam families. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1982.

Description and history
The Wheeler-Merriam House stands in a rural residential-commercial area of eastern Concord.  Property historically associated with the house is located on both sides of Virginia Road, east of its crossing of Elm Brook.  The house stands north of the road, on about  of land, while a barn stands on  south of the road.  The barn property has since been sold, and now houses the production offices of This Old House.

The house is a wood-frame structure,  stories in height, with a side gable roof and a central brick chimney.  Its rear roof extends to the first floor, giving the house a classic saltbox profile.  The front facade is five bays wide, with a slightly asymmetrical organization: the center bay is skewed slightly to the right.  The interior is organized in a traditional center-chimney plan, with chambers on either side of the chimney, and a long third chamber behind it.  A narrow winding stair rises to the second floor in the entrance vestibule.  The building's principal timber framing beams have been enclosed in finished wood.

The property was allocated to Thomas Wheeler in the mid-17th century, and this house was probably built by him in 1692 as a wedding present for his son Timothy.  Both Wheelers were prominent in local affairs and were among the town's wealthier residents.  Abner Wheeler, the fourth generation of Wheelers on the land, is credited with doing the woodwork finishes in the left parlor and upstairs chamber above.  Wheeler was an important local builder, who was one of the leaders of the reconstruction of the town's meetinghouse in 1791.  The property remained in agricultural use into the 1980s.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Concord, Massachusetts
List of the oldest buildings in Massachusetts

References

Houses completed in 1692
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Concord, Massachusetts
Concord, Massachusetts
1692 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
Colonial architecture in Massachusetts

Wheeler-Merriam House


Starlight is an early British television programme, one of the first regular series to be broadcast by the BBC Television Service during the 1930s. Its first edition was broadcast on 3 November 1936 – the day after the service had officially begun – and it continued to be broadcast until the suspension of television for the duration of the Second World War during 1939.
After the resumption of BBC television during 1946, Starlight was one of the few pre-war programmes to be reinstated, and it was broadcast for a further three years until 1949.

A variety show, the programmes would feature comedians, singers, dancers and various other entertainment acts. One notable edition of the 1930s gave popular singer Gracie Fields her first ever television appearance.

As with all other BBC programmes of the time, Starlight was transmitted live from the studios at Alexandra Palace. The shows were not recorded, and no material other than still photographs exists for the series now.

References
Vahimagi, Tise. British Television: An Illustrated Guide. Oxford. Oxford University Press / British Film Institute. 1994. .

1936 British television series debuts
1949 British television series endings
1930s British television series
1940s British television series
BBC Television shows
Lost BBC episodes
1936 establishments in the United Kingdom
Black-and-white British television shows

Starlight (TV series)


The Twilight Chronicles is the eighth studio album released by the British hard rock band Ten. The album marked a shift in the band's sound, relying more heavily on symphonic orchestrations and musical landscape, more so than ever before.

Track listing
All songs written by Gary Hughes.
 "The Prologue (The Elysian Fields)/Rome" – 12:19
 "The Chronicles" – 6:43
 "The Elysian Fields" – 6:49
 "Hallowed Ground" – 7:39
 "This Heart Goes On" – 4:24
 "Oblivion" – 7:03
 "The Twilight Masquerade" – 6:38
 "Tourniquet" – 6:49
 "Born to the Grave" – 5:00
 "When This Night Is Done/The Epilogue" – 7:36
The Asian version (Avalon Records MICP-10582) adds:
"Fahrenheit" – 5:54

Personnel
Gary Hughes – lead, backing vocals and programming
Chris Francis – lead guitars and bass guitar
John Halliwell – rhythm guitars
Paul Hodson – keyboards and programming
Frank Basile – drums and percussion

Production
Executive producers – Chris Francis and John Halliwell
Mixing – Gary Hughes
Engineer – Gary Hughes, Chris Francis, Paul Hodson and Frank Basile
Additional engineering – Simon Brayshaw, Jason Hutton, Roger Smith and Annette Stelfox
Drums recorded by Frank Basile then "Gogged Up" by Chris Francis.

Concepts
"The Prologue (The Elysian Fields) / Rome" is about the legend of the foundation of Ancient Rome.
"The Chronicles" is based on The Chronicles of Narnia, a series of books by C.S Lewis.

References

External links
Heavy Harmonies page
Powermetal.dk review

Ten (band) albums
2006 albums
Albums produced by Gary Hughes
Frontiers Records albums

The Twilight Chronicles


Capture the Flag is a traditional game. It is played outdoors by two teams. In the game, each team has a flag, or another similar object. The goal of the game is to take the other team's flag, while defending their own flag. Whichever team does this first is the winner of the game.

Games
Team sports

Capture the flag


Ahimaaz ben Paltiel (; 1017–1060) was a Graeco-Italian liturgical poet and author of a family chronicle. Very little is known about his life. He came from a family some of whose members are well known in Jewish literature as scholars and poets; for example, Shefatya ben Amitai, Hananiel ben Amittai, and his nephew Amittai ben Shephatiah. Ahimaaz had two sons, Paltiel and Samuel. The family tree of this clan is given by Ahimaaz in his Chronicle:

Benjamin of Tudela mentions an Ahimaaz ben Paltiel in Amalfi in southern Italy, in the year 1162 (see his Travels, ed. Asher, i. 13, 14). This may well have been a descendant of his earlier namesake; for it is known that two brothers of the grandfather of Ahimaaz ben Paltiel were sent with presents to Paltiel by the prince of Amalfi. In a list of twenty-two selihah (elegiac) poets (Italy, fifteenth century?), Ahimaaz ben Paltiel is mentioned as the author of two poems, and a Mahzor of the Roman rite attributes to him a selihah for the Fast of Esther.

Chronicle of Ahimaaz

Ahimaaz is best known as the compiler of the Chronicle, composed in 1054, which, though intended merely to glorify his immediate ancestors, gives much important information regarding the history of the early Jewish settlements in such towns as Oria, Bari, Otranto, Gaeta, Benevento, Capua, Amalfi, in southern Italy, and Pavia in northern Italy. Written about one hundred years before Abraham ibn Daud, it covers a period (850–1054) about which little is known; the only information hitherto having been obtained from a few inscriptions and from notices in the works of Shabbetai Donolo, who also was a native of Oria. Only one manuscript of the Chronicle is known to exist; it is in the library of the cathedral at Toledo, Spain. It bears the title Sefer Yuhasin (Book of Genealogies) and is written in the peculiar rhymed prose which the Arab al-Hamadani had, in the Maqama, brought into prominence fifty years before Ahimaaz, and which Hariri perfected fifty years after him: the same style that in Hebrew literature was affected by Judah al-Harizi and Immanuel of Rome.

According to the traditions preserved by Ahimaaz, his family had its origin among the captives whom Titus brought to Italy after the destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem by the Romans. The first person he mentions is Amittai of Oria, whom he calls sabbar and payyat, a man versed in Talmudic halakha and a writer of liturgical poetry. The Chronicle describes Aaron of Babylon, the reputed teacher of Kalonymus of Lucca; also through an account by Rabbi Silano additional information is gleaned about the Jewish community of Venosa, some epitaphs from which place had previously been published by G. J. Ascoli.

Basil I atrocities

Of the sons of Amittai, the Chronicle dwells especially upon Shefatya, one of the earliest and most prolific liturgical poets (about 850–860), and gives some reliable data on the persecutions which the Byzantine Jews had to suffer under Basil I; on the Saracen invasion of Sicily and Italy (872); on another liturgical poet, Amittai ben Shefatya (son of Shefatya ben Amitai); and on the disputation which Hananiel ben Amittai was forced to hold with the archbishop of Oria. The author is obviously proud of the honor done to his family by one of its members, Paltiel, the vizier of al-Muizz and Abd al-Mansur (962–992) of Egypt; perhaps the first of the Egyptian nagids, whom De Goeje has tried to identify with Jauhar al-Rumi or al-Saqlabi. Ahimaaz closes with short accounts of Hananiel, of his son Samuel in Capua, and of Paltiel ben Samuel (988–1048), father of the author himself.

The unique manuscript in Toledo bears the name of Menahem ben Benjamin in its signature. It is uncertain whether the word used there, (finished), refers to the composition or to the copying of the work. This signature is also in rhymed prose; and it seems probable that at least part of page 132 (lines 12–23) in Neubauer's edition is by Menahem and not by Ahimaaz, for it contains an account of the author in language that one would not expect an author to use of himself.

There is no evidence that Ahimaaz made use of any literary records: he simply gathered together traditions that had been current in his family. In describing the activity of the vizier Paltiel, he refers to the Chronicles of Egypt as containing further data on the subject. Even in this case it is improbable that he has any individual work in mind. The body of the Chronicle contains no dates: a few are to be found in the last two sections, part of which may be, as stated above, a later addition.

Popular beliefs and superstitions

The Chronicle of Ahimaaz is, however, of interest from another point of view. It is full of accounts of wonderful deeds and of superhuman efforts; and gives an interesting picture of the popular beliefs and superstitions of the author's day. It narrates the exploits of Aaron, who is able to lock up an evil spirit in a chest by means of the Shem (ineffable name of God); how his pupil Shephatiah is able miraculously to cover a great distance in a very short time so as to avoid profaning the Sabbath day; how Shephatiah is able to save the life of a child that two female demons had determined to put to death; how Hananiel is able to bring his cousin to life again; how heaven directly helps the same Hananiel; and how the moon remains obscured for a whole night in order to cover up an error made in an astronomical calculation. The tale is told of the Sefer ha-Merkabah, a wonderful book from which Shephatiah draws his knowledge of heaven's mysteries: before this book a light burned upon the Sabbath day. In order that the book should not fall into the hands of those that were unworthy to use it, it was put into a case of lead and thrown to the waves, which receded perceptibly and carried away the mysterious gift. The power of Paltiel as an astrologer is dwelt upon; it was this power which, in a measure, insured for him the friendship of the conqueror of Egypt. In this Chronicle are also found the first traces of the story of the Wandering Jew. Filled as it is with these legends, one would be tempted to disregard the Chronicle as a historical source. But the naïveté with which the story is told shows that there is no attempt at historical reconstruction; and one can feel certain that the basis upon which Ahimaaz's work rests is reliable family tradition.

The language in which the Chronicle is written bears out this view. In its formation of new nouns and verbs, in its biliteral roots, its peculiar plural endings, and in its use of the construct state, it recalls the style of Donolo and of the liturgical poets of the school of Eleazar Kalir. It also shows the influence of Arabic and the Romance languages. From the rhyme one can also learn the pronunciation of Hebrew in the days of the author. The Chronicle contains a poetical elegy on Paltiel, which has a double alphabetic acrostic, as well as an acrostic upon the full name of the author.

References

; citing:
 For Ahimaaz as a liturgical poet, see:
 Rabbi Leopold Zunz, Literaturgesch. pp. 264, 626.
 The first accounts of the manuscript of the Chronicle (Nos. 86, 25 in the catalogue of the library of the Cathedral of Toledo) were given by Neubauer, in Rev. Ét. Juives, xxiii. 236;
 idem, in Jew. Quart. Rev. iv. 614 t seq. Neubauer published the full text in his Mediœval Jew. Chron. ii. 111-132, from a facsimile and a photograph of the original. A complete résumé of the contents is given by Kaufmann, in Monatsschrift, 1896, pp. 462-473, 496-509, 529-554, together with emendations of the text, a discussion of its linguistic peculiarities, and a reprint of the elegy in a poetical form (not recognized as such, however, by Neubauer).
 Further corrections of the text may be found in the reviews by:
 Henrik Bródy, Zeit. f. Hebr. Bibl. iii. 159 et seq.;
 Bacher, in Rev. Ét. Juives, xxxii. 144–151.
 On the identity of Paltiel, see:
 David Kaufmann, Beiträge zur Gesch. Aegyptens aus Jüd. Quellen, in Z.D.M.G. li. 436–442;
 De Goeje, Paltiel-Djaubar, ib. lii. 75–80.
 On the general value of the Chronicle, see
 Moritz Steinschneider's remark in Monatsschrift, xliv. 239

Byzantine Jews
11th-century Byzantine historians
Jewish historians
Jewish poets
Jewish medieval literature
People from the Province of Caserta
11th-century Italian poets
11th-century Italian writers
11th-century Italian Jews
1017 births
1060 deaths

Ahimaaz ben Paltiel


In Christianity, particularly within the theological framework of Calvinism, election involves God choosing a particular person or group of people to a particular task or relationship, especially eternal life.

Election to eternal life is viewed by some as conditional on a person's faith, and by others as unconditional. According to Calvinist theology, before the foundation of the world, God chose certain individuals, known as the "elect", to receive his saving grace and be predestined for eternal salvation; Calvinists view this election as unconditional, based not on human merit or works but solely on God's sovereign will and purpose.

In the Old Testament

The Old Testament applies the term "elect" (Gk: ἐκλεκτος, Hebrew: בָּחִיר) to the Israelites in as far as they are called to be the chosen people, or people of God, or are faithful to their divine call. The idea of such an election is common in Deuteronomy and in Isaiah 40-66.

In the New Testament
The New Testament transfers the meaning of the term from its connection with the people of Israel to the members of the body of Christ (Christian church), either militant on earth or triumphant in heaven.

Based on the statement of Jesus Christ that one should, "enter in at the narrow gate, for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leads to destruction, and many there are that go in thereat. How narrow is the gate and strait the way that leads to life, and few there are that find it," (Matt. 7:13,14) many have inferred that there are very few elect, who are saved. However the number of the elect is generally an open question with no conclusive answer, as evidenced by the fact that there is no Catholic dogma concerning the matter.

See also

Predestination
Corporate election

References

 LESÊTRE in Dict. de la Bible (Paris, 1899), II, 1708 sqq.; MURRAY, Dict. of the Bible (New York, 1900), I, 678 sqq.; KNABENBAUER, Evang. secundum Matthæum (Paris, 1893), II, 178, 247; MONSABRÉ Conférences de Notre-Dame (1899), Conference VI.

Christian soteriology
Christian terminology

Election in Christianity


Hamilton King Management Limited is a property management company specialising in residential apartments and developments throughout the United Kingdom.

History
Hamilton King deals in a range of developments, from new builds to older developments that have been refurbished or renovated; handling maintenance of common areas within complexes; arrangement of finances; collection of rents and service charges and property management services.

Hamilton King Management Limited's registered offices are located at Altrincham, Greater Manchester. The Altrincham office principally handles financial administration operations and resources as well as arranging insurance.

Hamilton King Management Limited's London office is situated Enfield, Middlesex. The London office deals with the company's estate portfolio, and is primarily responsible for liaising with lessees, particularly on maintenance issues; coordinating repairs; routine maintenance; landscaping gardens and maintaining common areas of the management company's properties as well as regulatory compliance, including hiring consultants and contractors and carrying out all necessary risk assessments. The company provides a range of services to lessees, including sourcing, instructing and referring contractors, and co-ordinating repairs and refurbishment projects.

Hamilton King Management Limited was incorporated on 30 November 1993. It is a registered company in England and Wales under company number 02876669.

References

Companies based in Trafford
Property management companies

Hamilton King Management


James Levesque (1962 – October 19, 2014) was an American musician. He was best known as the bass player from the hardcore punk/surf punk band Agent Orange. Levesque was the bass player for the touring punk band from 1979-1988, along with original members Mike Palm and Scott Miller. Levesque's songwriting and artistic influences on the band's most notable releases (Living in Darkness, This is the Voice) helped create the explosive music scene in Orange County, California in the early 1980s. The melodic guitar driven surf punk with vocal harmonies influenced bands such as Nirvana, Bad Religion, The Offspring and Green Day.

Agent Orange is considered to be the originator of "skate rock" after their music was used in the Vision Skateboard video "Skate Visions" that crowned them Kings of the skater bands. The video spawned many imitators and is the best-selling skateboard music video of all time.

Levesque was a BMI affiliated songwriter and co-writer of such punk classics as "Everything Turns Grey", "Living in Darkness", "Voices in the Night", and "In Your Dreams Tonight".

Levesque was a music and entertainment publicist in Beverly Hills, California and represented Larry Birkhead and attorney Debra Opri in the Anna Nicole Smith paternity battle.

Levesque died on October 19, 2014.

References

External links
The Official Agent Orange Website

2014 deaths
American rock bass guitarists
American male singer-songwriters
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
American punk rock musicians
Musicians from Orange County, California
Singer-songwriters from California
1962 births
Guitarists from California
American male bass guitarists
Agent Orange (band) members
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians

James Levesque


A vessel's length at the waterline (abbreviated to L.W.L) is the length of a ship or boat at the level where it sits in the water (the waterline). The LWL will be shorter than the length of the boat overall (length overall or LOA) as most boats have bows and stern protrusions that make the LOA greater than the LWL. As a ship becomes more loaded, it will sit lower in the water and its ambient waterline length may change; but the registered L.W.L  it is measured from a default load condition.

This measure is significant in determining several of a vessel's properties, such as how much water it displaces, where the bow and stern waves occur, hull speed, amount of bottom-paint needed, etc. Traditionally, a stripe called the "boot top" is painted around the hull just above the waterline.

In sailing boats, longer waterline length will usually enable a greater maximum speed, because it allows greater sail area, without increasing beam or draft. Greater beam and draft produces a larger wetted surface, thereby causing higher hull drag.  In particular, any "displacement" or non-planing boat requires much greater power to accelerate beyond its hull speed, which is determined by the length of the waterline, and can be calculated using the formula: Vmax (in knots) = square root of LWL (in feet) x 1.34.  The hull speed is the speed at which the wavelength of the bow wave stretches out to the length of the waterline, thus dropping the boat into a hollow between the two waves.  While small boats like canoes can overcome this effect fairly easily, heavier sailboats cannot.

Since waterline length provides a practical limit for the speed of a typical sailboat, traditional rules for racing sailboats often classed boats using waterline length as a principal measure.  To get around this rule, designers in the early 20th century began building racing sailboats with long overhangs fore and aft.  This resulted in a nominally shorter waterline, but when the boats were sailed they heeled over, pulling the sides of the overhangs into the water as well and creating a much longer effective waterline, and thereby achieving much greater speed.  The first recorded use of a line (documented by New Jersey marine museum) is by the small and rather unknown naval fleet of Thomas Jefferson.

See also
Length between perpendiculars

Notes

References

Nautical terminology
Shipbuilding
Ship measurements

Waterline length


HMS Bullfinch was a three-funnel, 30-knot destroyer ordered by the Royal Navy under the 1896–1897 Naval Estimates. She was the third ship to carry this name since it was introduced in 1857 for a 4-gun wooden-screw gunboat.

Construction
Bullfinch was laid down on 17 September 1896, at the Earle's Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Limited shipyard at Hull, Yorkshire, and launched on 10 February 1898.  During her trials while steaming at  she suffered a major accident in which the connecting rod to the high-pressure cylinder broke and released steam into the forward engine room. Eight individuals were killed and six were injured. The broken connecting rod punctured the hull, and Lieutenant F.G. Dineley (in command during trials) ordered the use of collision mats to stem the intake of water and she was able to make port. The destroyer was completed and accepted by the Royal Navy in June 1901.

Service history

Early service
After commissioning Bullfinch was assigned to the Channel Fleet. Commander Brian Barttelot was appointed in command on 24 February 1902, and she was assigned to the Portsmouth instructional flotilla. In May 1902 she towed her sister ship  to Queenstown, after the latter had struck a rock off Kildorney.

She spent her operational career mainly in Home Waters operating with the Channel Fleet as part of the Devonport Flotilla.

On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyer classes were to be designated by alpha characters starting with the letter 'A'. Since her design speed was 30 knots and she had three funnels, she was assigned to the . After 30 September 1913, she was known as a C-class destroyer and had the letter 'C' painted on the hull below the bridge area and on either the fore or aft funnel.

World War I
In July 1914 Bullfinch was in active commission in the 7th Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport tendered to , destroyer depot ship to the 7th Flotilla. In September 1914 the 7th Flotilla was redeployed to the Humber River. She remained in this deployment until the cessation of hostilities. Her employment within the Humber Patrol included anti-submarine and counter-mining patrols. On 15 August 1914, she was involved in a collision in British waters, with the loss of four stokers.

In 1919 Bullfinch was paid off and laid-up in reserve awaiting disposal. She was sold on 10 June 1919 to Young of Sunderland for breaking.

Pennant numbers

References
NOTE:  All tabular data under General Characteristics only from the listed Jane's Fighting Ships volume unless otherwise specified

Bibliography

Ships built on the Humber
1898 ships
C-class destroyers (1913)
World War I destroyers of the United Kingdom

HMS Bullfinch (1898)


The Alternate Routes are an American rock band based in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The group was formed by Tim Warren and Eric Donnelly in 2002 while studying at Fairfield University.

As of early 2013, The Alternate Routes were touring and working on a new album to follow up Lately.

Career
In 2005, the band recorded their debut album, Good and Reckless and True, with producer Jay Joyce in Nashville, TN. The next few years were spent touring and honing their live sound.

In 2006, the band won an Independent Music Award for the song "Ordinary." Later that year, the band signed with Vanguard Records.

In 2007, the band re-released Good and Reckless and True on Vanguard, and released a limited-edition acoustic album. This album, available only at shows, was affectionately titled The Brooklawn Sessions, referring to the house where Tim and then bass player Chip Johnson lived and recorded the album. On April 10, 2007, the Alternate Routes performed their single "Time is a Runaway" on Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

In 2008, the band recorded their follow-up LP, Sucker's Dream, again with Jay Joyce in Nashville. While waiting for its release in February 2009, the band recorded a five-song EP, The Watershed EP, at Tarquin Studios with producer Peter Katis in their hometown of Bridgeport.

In 2010, longtime band member Chip Johnson left the band to pursue his home studio, Alpine Red.

The Alternate Routes parted ways with Vanguard Records in 2010 and shortly headed back to Nashville to begin work on their third studio album, Lately. Lately was produced by Teddy Morgan at Barrio East in Nashville over the course of 6 weeks. The album features drummer Richard Medek and multi-instrumentalist Carl Broemel of My Morning Jacket.

In the summer of 2011, the Alternate Routes toured with co-headliners Scattered Trees. The tour introduced the band's new four-piece lineup featuring drummer Richard Medek and longtime guitarist turned bassist Mike Sembos (also of The Backyard Committee).

On December 17, 2013, The Alternate Routes' new single "Nothing More" was featured in its full length during the final scenes of the Christmas episode of NCIS, earning them the #92 rank on the iTunes US charts.

The Alternate Routes released their fourth studio album, Nothing More, on September 30, 2013 with record producer Peter Katis.

"Nothing More" was featured in the closing ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics on NBC. The band also performed "Nothing More" on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson in March 2014.

Nothing More featured at the end of documentary "Collective" about the 2015 fire at a concert in Romania (killing 27 and injuring 180) and the subsequent corruption scandal which brought down the government and following on from that the deaths of a further 37 victims in the hospitals which exposed widespread corruption and mismanagement in the Romanian healthcare system.

In 2019 the Alternate Routes hosted an event called The Alternate Routes Getaway.  It has been running for 3 years with a break during 2020.  The likes of Tony Lucca, Meaghan Farrell, Amy Gerhartz along with many more have graced the stage.  The 2 day event is hosted in the Outerbanks of NC, once in Kitty Hawk and the last two times in Avon, NC.

Members

Present
 Tim Warren - lead vocals, acoustic and electric guitars
 Eric Donnelly - electric guitars, backing vocals
 Ian Tait - bass guitar
 Kurt Leon - drums (2007–2008, then rejoined the band in 2012)
Taryn Chory- Vocals

Previous
 Mike Sembos - bass guitar, backing vocals, electric guitar (2005-2013)
 Chip Johnson - bass, keys, backing vocals, drums (2003–2010)
 Stephen Chopek - drums (2005–2007)
 David Grant - drums (late 2008)
 Mike Stavitz - drums (2008–2010)
 Richard Medek - drums (2010-2011)

Discography

Albums
 This Is When EP (2003)
 Over Your Shoulder EP (2004)
 Good and Reckless and True (2005)
 Good and Reckless and True (2007, re-released on Vanguard Records)
 The Watershed EP (2008)
 Sucker's Dream (2009)
 Live... in Seattle (2010)
 Lately (2010)
 Nothing More (2014)
 It's That Time EP (2014)
 Live In Pawling (2017)

Singles
 "Time Is a Runaway" (2007)
 "The Future's Nothing New" (2009)
 "Ain't No Secret" (2009)
 "Carry Me Home" (2011)
 "Nothing More" (2013)
 "Somewhere In America" (2016)
 "Safe Haven" (2017)
 "Stronger" (2017)

Notes

External links

The Alternate Routes collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
Official Getaway Website

Rock music groups from Connecticut
Fairfield University alumni
Independent Music Awards winners

The Alternate Routes


Frankie John Raymond (born 18 November 1992) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Cray Wanderers.

Career
Raymond started his youth career at Wimbledon before joining Millwall. He then joined Reading's academy. In December 2010, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division side Horsham on loan, making his debut a month later in a 3–1 win over Kingstonian. He scored his only goal for the club in a 4–2 win over Hassocks in the Sussex Senior Cup, with a speculative effort from outside the box. He returned to Reading at the end of the month having made five appearances scoring once. In February 2011, he signed for Conference South side Basingstoke Town on loan until the end of the season, making seven appearances. In August 2011, he joined Conference South side Eastleigh on an initial one-month loan. In his fourth appearance for the club, he was sent off for an alleged headbutt against Tonbridge Angels and received a three-match ban. Prior to that incident, Eastleigh manager Ian Baird had looked into the opportunity of extending the loan until the end of the season, however his loan was cut short in September 2011. In October 2011, he joined Southern Football League Division One South & West side Hungerford Town on loan. In May 2012, he was released by Reading following the club's promotion to the Premier League.

In September 2012, he joined Football League Two side Gillingham on a non-contract basis and joined the club's development squad, having featured for the side in pre-season friendlies. His stay at the club was short-lived as he went on to sign for Conference South side Eastbourne Borough on a free transfer. He was a first team regular for Eastbourne during his two years at the club, as the side finished regularly in mid-table, making seventy appearances and scoring three goals. In July 2014, he signed for League Two side Dagenham & Redbridge for an undisclosed fee, signing a one-year contract with the option of a second year, having featured for the side in pre-season. He made his professional debut for the club in a 2–0 defeat to local rivals Leyton Orient in the Football League Trophy, replacing Abu Ogogo as a late substitute. In November 2014 after finding it difficult to break into the first team, he was loaned back to former Conference South club Eastbourne Borough on an initial one-month loan deal. In December 2014, his loan was extended for a further month, having made seven appearances during his loan spell. Then for a third consecutive month the deal was extended again for one more month. In May 2017 after three years at Dagenham, Raymond was released following the expiry of his contract.

Soon after, Raymond joined his local side Bromley.

On 1 July 2021, Raymond joined Boreham Wood on a two-year deal after four seasons with Bromley.

On 8 July 2022, Raymond joined National League South club Dulwich Hamlet. Following the club's relegation, he joined Isthmian League Premier Division club Cray Wanderers.

Career statistics

Honours
Bromley
FA Trophy runner-up: 2017–18

References

External links
Frankie Raymond profile at Dagenham & Redbridge F.C.

1992 births
Living people
English men's footballers
People from Chislehurst
Footballers from the London Borough of Bromley
Men's association football midfielders
Reading F.C. players
Horsham F.C. players
Basingstoke Town F.C. players
Eastleigh F.C. players
Hungerford Town F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
Eastbourne Borough F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Bromley F.C. players
Boreham Wood F.C. players
Dulwich Hamlet F.C. players
Cray Wanderers F.C. players
National League (English football) players
Isthmian League players
Southern Football League players
English Football League players

Frankie Raymond


Tear gas is the name for a number of chemical compounds.  They are not actually gases.  They are fine powders or mists of liquid.  The chemicals are acidic and cause  pain in the eyes.  Tear gas may cause temporary blindness for up to 45 minutes.  Tear gas is commonly used by police to control crowds.  Phenacyl chloride (CN) liquid and CS powder are two of the chemicals that are often found in tear gas.  Pepper spray is another chemical compound that acts very similarly and is sometimes used to control crowds.

Tear gas is a chemical weapon, and was used as a weapon in the First World War.  The 1925 Geneva Protocol is not specific enough about the use of irritating agents, such as tear gas in war.  The Chemical Weapons Convention, of 1992 prohibits the use of tear gas for warfare.  The use as a riot control agent is not covered by the treaty.

Problems of using tear gas

The use of tear gas also has problems: Usually, cartidges of tear gas are thrown; they can hit and injure people. A case of serious injury to the blood vessels from tear gas shells has also been reported from Iran, with high rates of associated nerve injury (44%) and amputation (17%), as well as instances of head injuries in young people. Directly exposing skin to tear gas may lead to chemical burns and allergic reactions of the skin.

In the short term, the medical consequences are usually limited to  skin inflammation. delayed complications are also possible: people with respiratory conditions such as asthma are likely to need medical attention and may sometimes require hospitalization or even ventilation support. Skin exposure to CS may cause chemical burns or induce allergic contact dermatitis. When people are hit at close range or are severely exposed, eye injuries involving scarring of the cornea can lead to a permanent loss in visual acuity. Frequent or high levels of exposure carry increased risks of respiratory illness.

References

Related pages
 Chemical warfare

Other websites
 Riot Agents

Chemical warfare
Law enforcement equipment
Chemicals

Tear gas


Baguettes are long thin loaves of bread popular in France, but now common in many other countries. Usually, they are made of white bread. Baguettes usually have a hard crust on the outside but soft bread on the inside.

French traditions say that bread may only contain the following four things: flour, water, yeast and salt. Anything containing more than those things must not be called bread.

A baguette is about 5-6 cm wide, 3 to 4 cm high, and about 65 cm long. Such a baguette usually weighs about 250 grams. It is common to dip the bread into olive oil when it is eaten.

History
The baguette is thought as to have come from France, but it actually came from Vienna. In the middle of the nineteenth century, steam ovens had just been brought into use. This allowed loaves to be made with a crispy crust and the white centre, similar to today's baguettes.

Later, in 1920, a law was passed that did not let bakers work before 4am. This made it impossible to make a larger loaf in time for their customers' breakfasts. The longer, thinner baguette helped solve this problem because it could be prepared and baked much faster. However, since the French had been making long thin loaves for a long time, what exactly was invented in 1920? It seems to be just the use of the word "baguette"  for those thin loaves.

Description
Outside France, the baguette is also called a 'French stick'. It is a loaf of bread, up to a metre long but only about four to five centimetres in diameter. The baguette is a symbol of France.

Baguettes are eaten as a sandwich cut in half lengthwise. They are also eaten for breakfast (usually with jam or chocolate spread).

A loaf the same length as a baguette but thicker (about 8-10 centimetres diameter) is known as 'pain'. A thin version of the baguette is called 'ficelle'.

Even in France there is a difference between a traditional baguette and a 'supermarket' baguette.

Baguette has the same texture as the Greek bread Tsoureki.

References

Breads

Baguette


was a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded on April 5, 1954.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 25,856 and the density of 139.96 persons per km². The total area was 184.74 km².

History
On November 1, 2005, Enzan, along with the town of Katsunuma, and the village of Yamato (both from Higashiyamanashi District), was merged to create the city of Kōshū.

Education
There are 3 Junior High Schools in Enzan:
Enzan Junior High
Matsusato Junior High
Enzan Kita Junior High

Notable people
 Actor Tomokazu Miura was born in Enzan in 1952.

Dissolved municipalities of Yamanashi Prefecture

Enzan, Yamanashi


Gelo (or Gelon) (before 266 BC – 216 BC) was the eldest son of Hiero II, king of Syracuse, Magna Graecia.

Gelo died shortly before his father Hiero, at the age of more than 50 years. Not much is known concerning him, but he appears to have inherited the quiet and prudent character of his father. Polybius records to his praise that he sacrificed all objects of personal ambition to the duty of obedience and reverence to his parents. It seems that Hiero awarded him by associating him to his government and that he even received the title of king.

Livy asserts that, after the huge defeat suffered by the Romans at Cannae, Gelo was preparing to abandon the alliance of Rome for that of Carthage. According to this account, he began making friendly overtures to the cities allied to Rome and might have convinced the entire island of Sicily to defect to the Carthaginian side, had he not died later in the year of 216 BC. However, this seems quite at variance with the statement of Polybius of his uniform submission to his father's views and may very likely deserve as little credit as Livy's insinuation that his death occurred so opportunely, as to cast suspicion upon Hiero being the murderer of his own son.

Gelo was married to Nereis, daughter of Pyrrhus of Epirus, by whom he left a son, Hieronymus, and a daughter, Harmonia, who was married to a Syracusan named Themistus.

Archimedes dedicated to him his treatise The Sand Reckoner, in which he addresses him by the title of king.

The coins referred by earlier writers to the elder Gelon are admitted by some numismatists to belong to this prince. The head on the obverse is possibly that of Gelo himself.

Notes

216 BC deaths
3rd-century BC people
Sicilian Greeks
Year of birth unknown
3rd-century BC births
3rd-century BC Syracusans

Gelo, son of Hiero II


Eimuntas Nekrošius (November 21, 1952 – November 20, 2018) was a Lithuanian theatre director.

Biography

Early life
Nekrošius was born in Pažobris village, Raseiniai district municipality, Lithuania on November 21, 1952.

Career
In 1978, Nekrošius graduated from Lunacharsky Institute of Theatre Arts in Moscow. After returning to Lithuania Nekrošius has been working in the Vilnius State Youth Theatre from 1978 until 1979. In 1979, he moved to the Kaunas State Drama Theatre, where he stayed for a year until 1980. 1980, he returned to Vilnius State Youth Theatre, where he staged series of notable plays. In 1998 he founded a theatre Meno fortas (Fortress of Art). From 2012 to 2013, E.Nekrošius worked as an art director in Teatro Olimpico,  Vicenza. Just before his sudden death he was working on production of Edipo a Colono by Ruggero Cappuccio which was planned to be shown in Amphitheatre of Pompeii.

Between 1988 and 1992 he worked and staged performances in many countries - Austria, Yugoslavia, Italy, Finland, Israel, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Among the features characteristic to his plays are the soothing background music of a repetitive pattern throughout the performance, extensive use of dance and movement and unique props on stage, as well as an employment of natural substances as water, fire, wind, ice and stone. The length of a single performance often exceeds conventional viewing time since Nekrošius favours complex and challenging pieces to stage, such as the Song of Songs or The Seasons by Kristijonas Donelaitis. According to Nekrošius, a production, must not only speak, but it must do so on several levels, using multiple systems of meaning, in concert, to achieve a cumulative, unified effect.

In 1994 he was awarded the Europe Prize Theatrical Realities, in Taormina, Italy, «for the dramaturgic work of elaboration of plays staged with the actors of the Theatre of Vilnius».

Death
On November 20, 2018, Nekrošius died in Vilnius, Lithuania, at the age of 65.

Notable plays
 The Square (1980)
 Pirosmani, Pirosmani... (1981)
 Rock opera Love and Death in Verona by Sigitas Geda and Kęstutis Antanėlis' (1982, renewed in 1996)
 The Day Lasts More Than a Hundred Years by Chinghiz Aitmatov (1983)
 Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov (1986)
 The Nose by Nikolai Gogol(1991)
 Little Tragedies by Aleksandr Pushkin
 Hamlet by William Shakespeare (1997)
 Macbeth (2002)
 The Children of Rosenthal (2005)
 Johann Wolfgang Goethe's Faust (2006)
 The Idiot  by Fyodor Dostoevsky (2009)
 Caligula  by Albert Camus (2011)
 Divine Comedy  by Dante Alighieri (2012)
 Paradise  by Dante Alighieri (2013)
 The Book of Job  based on The Old Testament (2014)
Dziady by Adam Mickiewicz (2016)

Awards and nominations
Plays by Nekrošius were awarded diplomas of various theatre festivals in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia and other countries. Nekrošius is a laureate of numerous state awards.

 1994, Nekrošius received a special prize of the Lithuanian Theatre Union as the Best Director of the Year, and the Baltic Assembly Prize for Literature, the Arts and Science for Aleksandr Pushkin's Little Tragedies (Mozart and Salieri. Don Juan. Plague) as the best theatre performance in the Baltic States.
 1994, Nekrošius received the II Europe Prize Theatrical Realities.
 1997, Nekrošius produced one of his most successful directions — Hamlet by William Shakespeare, starring Lithuanian music idol Andrius Mamontovas. The play took part in nearly all main European theatre festivals and received numerous awards including Lithuanian National Prize.
 1997, Nekrošius received prestigious polish prize for directors — Konrad Swinarski Award of   Teatr, polish theatre monthly journal — for Hamlet.
 November 2002, Nekrošius produced Giuseppe Verdi's opera Macbeth at Teatro Comunale Florence.
 In 2001, Nekrošius received the prestigious international Konstantin Stanislavski's award in Moscow.
In 2005, he received the Herder Prize. In January 2008, Italian theater critics recognized Nekrošius' staged play Faust as the best foreign production in Italy and awarded UBU Prize, a third one in Nekrošius carrier.
2008, Nekrosius received the third Honorary Award of the 16th International Istanbul Theater Festival

Bibliography

 (In Lithuanian) Marcinkevičiūtė, R. (2002). Eimuntas Nekrošius. Vilnius: Scena.

See also
 List of famous Lithuanians

References

External links
 Recently directed plays and awards
 Review of play 'The Square' by The New York Times
 List of recorded performances
 Theatre Meno Fortas
 Recorded performance Pirosmani, Pirosmani...

1952 births
2018 deaths
Soviet theatre directors
Lithuanian theatre directors
Herder Prize recipients
State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates
Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 4th class
Commander's Crosses of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
People from Raseiniai District Municipality
People from Raseiniai

Eimuntas Nekrošius


WXPX-TV (channel 66) is a television station licensed to Bradenton, Florida, United States, serving as the Tampa Bay area's Ion Television outlet. It is owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company alongside Tampa-licensed ABC affiliate WFTS-TV (channel 28). WXPX-TV's studios are located on 66th Street North in Clearwater, and its transmitter is located in Riverview, Florida.

History
The station first signed on the air on August 1, 1994 as WFCT; the station was founded by Paxson Communications, which was renamed Ion Media Networks in 2007. It originally ran an all-infomercial format as an affiliate of the Paxson-owned Infomall TV Network (inTV), and also carried programming from The Worship Network during the overnight hours. The station also broadcast games from the now-defunct Atlanta Knights minor league hockey franchise, which was affiliated with the NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning. At the time, Paxson also owned a chain of radio stations in Florida. Paxson's Tampa Bay radio cluster regularly received commercial time on WFCT; this ended when Paxson sold off his radio and billboard businesses to fund start up operations for the Pax TV network.

The station changed its call letters to WXPX-TV in 1998; the station then became a charter owned-and-operated station of Pax TV (which rebranded as i: Independent Television on July 1, 2005 and later to Ion on January 29, 2007) when it debuted on August 31 of that year, after which it rebranded as "Pax 66". The Worship Network and infomercial remained on the station's schedule but it also carried the network's family-oriented programming.

From 2004 to 2008, WXPX became the over-the-air broadcaster of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays Major League Baseball franchise, airing a number of games that were not televised on a national broadcast or cable network. It also carried NBA games from the Orlando Magic through the syndicated Magic Television Network. The rights to those games later exclusively moved to regional sports networks Fox Sports Florida and Sun Sports.

Sale to Scripps
On September 24, 2020, the Cincinnati-based E. W. Scripps Company announced that it would purchase Ion Media for $2.65 billion, with financing from Berkshire Hathaway. With this purchase, Scripps will divest 23 Ion-owned stations, but no announcement has been made as to which stations that Scripps will divest as part of the move. The proposed divestitures will allow the merged company to fully comply with the FCC local and national ownership regulations. Scripps has agreed to a transaction with an unnamed buyer, who has agreed to maintain Ion affiliations for the stations. Scripps decided to keep WXPX-TV, making it a sister station to ABC affiliate WFTS-TV (channel 28).

Newscasts and local programming

In 2000, WXPX entered into a news share agreement with NBC affiliate WFLA-TV (channel 8) as a result of NBC's management agreement with Pax TV. Unlike other Pax stations that rebroadcast newscasts seen on the originating station on a half-hour delay at minimum, the WFLA newscasts aired on WXPX were initially broadcast live and produced specifically for the station; the newscasts, titled News Channel 8 on Pax, aired weeknights at 7 and 10 p.m. (the latter competed with Fox owned-and-operated station WTVT channel 13's longer-established in-house prime time newscast).

Due to poor ratings of the live newscasts, in 2002, the newscasts switched to pre-recorded broadcasts of WFLA's 6 and 11 p.m. newscasts airing at 7 and 11:30 p.m. (WFLA attempted another 10 p.m. newscast five years later for WTTA, channel 38, in October 2007, which ran until its 2009 cancellation; WFLA launched its own 7 p.m. newscast in 2012). The WFLA agreement ended on June 30, 2005, when Paxson dissolved news share agreements on all of its stations (which, with a few exceptions, mainly involved NBC owned-and-operated stations and affiliates, such as WFLA). Scripps has indicated no plans to produce any newscast extensions for the station from WFTS or its Florida 24 network, and does not slot preempted ABC programming on WXPX.

Before the repeal of the FCC's Main Studio Rule in 2019 and WFTS becoming its duopoly partner, WXPX carried the local public affairs program i on Tampa. WXPX and its Florida sister stations also carried Miccosukee Magazine, a series produced in partnership with the Native American tribe to highlight its culture and contributions to the state of Florida.

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Analog-to-digital conversion
WXPX-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 66, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42, using PSIP to display WXPX-TV's virtual channel as 66 on digital television receivers, which was among the high band UHF channels (52–69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition.

References

External links

Ion Television affiliates
Court TV affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
Defy TV affiliates
Scripps News affiliates
E. W. Scripps Company television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1994
XPX-TV
1994 establishments in Florida

WXPX-TV


A Las Vegas algorithm is an algorithm that uses randomness which has the consequence that the algorithm terminates with probability $p<1$. If the algorithm does terminate then it does so with a correct result (unlike a Monte Carlo algorithm which definitely terminates but with a result that is only correct with probability $p<1$). The algorithm  gambles with the resources used. It may take a very long times to give back a result, or it may not give back a result at all.

A simple example would be a version of the Quicksort. Quicksort is used to quickly sort things (mostly numbers). For this, each element is compared to a central element (called pivot). Depending on how this element is selected the sorting can take more time or less.

Most often, a Las Vegas algorithm is used to pick the pivot randomly.

Randomised algorithms
Game theory

Las Vegas algorithm


Brett Geoffrey Hawke (born 2 June 1975) is a former competitive swimmer who represented Australia at the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics.  He was the head coach of the Auburn Tigers swimming and diving team of Auburn University in the United States until 28 March 2018.

Swimming career

Hawke received an athletic scholarship to attend Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, and swam for the Auburn Tigers swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Southeastern Conference (SEC) competition from 1996 to 1999.  He received seventeen All-American honors and was a nine-time NCAA individual champion, and helped Auburn win two national team championships in his three years as a student-athlete.

Hawke returned to Australia in 1999.  For much of his career, Hawke was regarded as the top sprinter in Australia.  He is a five-time Australian national champion and former Australian record-holder in the 50-metre freestyle (22.07), which he set in the semifinals of the 2004 Summer Olympics.  Hawke retired from competitive swimming after the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, where he won the bronze in the 50-metre freestyle and a silver medal as a member of the second-place Australian team in the 4x100-metre freestyle relay.  Hawke finished his career with seven international medals.

Hawke trained at The Race Club, a swimming techniques training club founded by Olympic Swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. The Race Club, originally known as "The World Team," was designed to serve as a training group for elite swimmers across the world in preparation for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.  To be eligible to train with the Race Club, a swimmer must either have been ranked in the top 20 in the world the past 3 calendar years or top 3 in their nation in the past year. The Race Club included such well known swimmers as Roland Mark Schoeman, Mark Foster, Ryk Neethling, and Therese Alshammar.

Coaching career

Hawke returned to Auburn in 2006 to serve as an assistant under his former head coach David Marsh.  In 2007, Marsh left Auburn and was replaced by Richard Quick.  In 2009, Hawke was named head coach after Quick died from an inoperable brain tumor.  Quick and Hawke were named 2009 CSCAA Coaches of the Year after the men's swimming and diving program won the national title.

He became a United States citizen in 2009, saying that one of his goals is to coach the U.S. Olympic team in future games.

He was the head coach of the Auburn Tigers swimming and diving team of Auburn University in the United States until 28 March 2018 In October, 2018, Hawke joined the Fitter and Faster Team.

See also
List of Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming (men)

References

External links
Auburn Tigers bio: Brett Hawke
Arena coaches - Brett Hawke

1975 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for Australia
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Auburn Tigers swimming coaches
Auburn Tigers men's swimmers
Swimmers from Sydney
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for Australia
Australian swimming coaches
Australian male freestyle swimmers
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Goodwill Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
21st-century Australian people
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from New South Wales

Brett Hawke