Balaraba Ramat Yakubu (born 1959) is a Nigerian author who writes in Hausa. She is a leader in the genre of littattafan soyayya or "love literature", and one of the very few Hausa-language writers whose work has been translated into English. She has also worked as a screenwriter, producer, and director of Kannywood films. Her stories have focused on issues such as forced marriages and women's education.

Early life
Balaraba Ramat Yakubu is the younger sister of General Murtala Ramat Muhammed, who briefly served as the military ruler of Nigeria from 1975 until his assassination in 1976.

At the age of 13, she was taken out of school and forced into an early marriage. She has said that this is the reason she writes in Hausa rather than English.

Career
Balaraba Ramat started her career as the only woman member of the influential Kano-based writer's club Raina Kama. Her first novel, Budurwar Zuciya ("Young at Heart"), was published in 1987. Her second and third novels, Alhaki Kwikwiyo Ne... ("Sin Is a Puppy That Follows You Home") and Wa zai auri jahila? ("Who Will Marry an Ignorant Woman?"), followed in 1990. Alhaki Kwikwiyo Ne... was adapted into a film by Abdulkareem Muhammed in 1998.

An English translation of Alhaki Kuykuyo Ne..., Sin Is a Puppy That Follows You Home, was published in 2012 by Blaft Publications, an Indian publishing house, to positive reviews.

There is a literary prize named after her, the Balaraba Ramat Yakubu Literature Prize for Hausa Drama.

Films
Balaraba Ramat started producing film in 1990's with Wata Shari'ar  and recently she wrote and produced Juyin Sarauta, a film that won about ten awards and received positive reviews from scholars and film experts

Bibliography
 Kabir, Hajara Muhammad,. Northern women development. [Nigeria]. ISBN 978-978-906-469-4. OCLC 890820657.

References

Further reading

Living people
1959 births
21st-century Nigerian women writers
Nigerian women novelists
20th-century Nigerian novelists
20th-century Nigerian women writers
21st-century Nigerian novelists
Hausa-language writers
Hausa people

Balaraba Ramat Yakubu


Francisco Cerro Chaves (born 18 October 1957) is a Spanish prelate, theologian, and philosopher of the Catholic Church who has been Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo since February 2020. He has been a bishop since 2007 and was Bishop of Coria-Caceres from 2007 to 2019.

Biography
He was born on 18 October 1957 in Malpartida di Cáceres. He studied philosophy there and then earned his bachelor's degree in theology at the seminary of Toledo. At the Pontifical Gregorian University he earned his licentiate and then his doctorate in spiritual theology in 1997.

He was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Toledo on 12 July 1981. He became vicar of San Nicolás parish that year and was then assistant for youth from 1982 to 1989, assistant at Santa Teresa parish in 1986–1987, and director of the diocesan house for spiritual exercises from 1986 to 1989. In 1989 he transferred to Valladolid, where he was incardinated in 1992. There he was director of the Center for Formation and Spirituality of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and chaplain of the National Sanctuary of the Great Promise from 1989 to 2007.

On the 21 June 2007, Pope Benedict XVI named him bishop of Coria-Cáceres. He received his episcopal consecration on 12 September.

In the Spanish Bishops Conference, he was a member of the commission for consecrated life from 2007 to 2017 and the commission for the laity from 2008 to 2011. He became a member in 2017 of the commissions for the missions, interchurch cooperation, and the clergy.

Pope Francis appointed him Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo on 27 December 2019.

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
Pontifical Gregorian University alumni
20th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
21st-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians

Francisco Cerro Chaves


Monoglycerides (also: acylglycerols or monoacylglycerols) are a class of glycerides which are composed of a molecule of glycerol linked to a fatty acid via an ester bond. As glycerol contains both primary and secondary alcohol groups two different types of monoglycerides may be formed; 1-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to a primary alcohol, or a 2-monoacylglycerols where the fatty acid is attached to the secondary alcohol.

Synthesis
Monoglycerides are produced both biologically and industrially. They are naturally present at very low levels (0.1-0.2%) in some seed oils such as olive oil, rapeseed oil and cottonseed oil. They are biosynthesized by the enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase and the enzymatic hydrolysis of diglycerides by diacylglycerol lipase; or as an intermediate in the alkanoylation of glycerol to form fats. Several monoglycerides are pharmacologically active (e.g. 2-oleoylglycerol, 2-arachidonoylglycerol).

Industrial production is primarily achieved by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides and glycerol. The commercial raw materials for the production of monoacylglycerols may be either vegetable oils or animal fats.

Uses
Monoglycerides are primarily used as surfactants, usually in the form of emulsifiers. Together with diglycerides, monoglycerides are commonly added to commercial food products in small quantities as "E471" (s.a. Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids), which helps to prevent mixtures of oils and water from separating. The values given in the nutritional labels for total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat do not include those present in mono- and diglycerides, as fats are defined as being triglycerides. They are also often found in bakery products, beverages, ice cream, chewing gum, shortening, whipped toppings, margarine, spreads, and peanut butter, and confections. In bakery products, monoglycerides are useful in improving loaf volume and texture, and as antistaling agents. Monoglycerides are used to enhance the physical stability towards creaming in milk beverages.

Examples

See also
 Diglyceride
 Dietary sources of fatty acids, their digestion, absorption, transport in the blood and storage
 Lipid
 Triglyceride
 Ultra-processed food

References

Fatty acid esters
Lipids

ja:モノアシルグリセロール

Monoglyceride


was a town located in Hikami District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,161 and a density of 71.71 persons per km2. The total area was 99.86 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Aogaki, along with the towns of Hikami, Ichijima, Kaibara, Kasuga and Sannan (all from Hikami District), was merged to create the city of Tamba and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

External links
 Official website of Aogaki in Japanese

Dissolved municipalities of Hyōgo Prefecture
Tamba, Hyōgo

Aogaki, Hyōgo


Central Coast Roadrunners were an American soccer team, founded in 1996. The team was a member of the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, until 2002, after which the team left the league and the franchise rights were transferred to the newly formed Fresno Fuego. The Roadrunners were one of the most successful PDL franchises in California, winning the national championship in 1996 and 1997.

Their chairman, Larry Smyth, was inducted into the USL Hall of Fame in 2004, and was the first person to be inducted into the USL Hall of Fame via vote in the Builder category, which has an automatic induction for owners and executives who have served 10 years in the USL.

They played their home games in Mustang Stadium on the grounds of California Polytechnic State University just outside San Luis Obispo, California. The team's colors were blue and white.

Year-by-year

References

Soccer clubs in California
Defunct Premier Development League teams
Association football clubs established in 1996
Association football clubs disestablished in 2002
1996 establishments in California
2002 disestablishments in California
San Luis Obispo, California

Central Coast Roadrunners


Mike Yam is a studio host for the NFL Network and author of the children's book Fried Rice and Marinara. Previously, he was hired to be the lead studio host for the Pac-12 Network where he worked from 2012 to 2020. Prior to his arrival at Pac-12, he was an ESPN anchor from October 2008 through August 2012.

During Yam's time at ESPN, he could be seen anchoring SportsCenter, as well as hosting college football live and college basketball final. Since July 2011, he can be heard filling in on various shows on 1050 ESPN, New York City. Yam was also the cohost of ESPN's Fantasy Focus Basketball podcast with Keith Lipscomb.

From 2006-2008, Yam was the co-host of The Mike and Murray Show, heard daily on Sirius Satellite Radio, and also hosted NBA Radio's Full Court Press. Previously, he was a host of the Phil Jackson Show. Additionally, Mike was heard on ESPN Radio as the host of Fantasy Focus. Outside of his radio work, Mike served as an anchor for NBA TV's Game Night and host of Fantasy Hoops.

Before ascending to his current posts, Yam was the host of The Desk on Sirius and an anchor at College Sports Television (CSTV) where he provided daily sports updates for the network.

Yam started his broadcasting career at WFUV hosting One on One, (New York's longest- running sports call-in show) and covering the New York Knicks and Mets, where he followed in the footsteps of many great broadcasters who got started at WFUV. Following his run at WFUV, Yam worked as a correspondent for FOX Sports before coming to Sirius Satellite Radio.

Yam is a graduate of Fordham University, and the recipient of the Marty Glickman Award for Excellence in Play-by-Play Broadcasting.

Outside of his work Yam is also a member of the Alzheimer's Association of New York.  Joe Girardi's Catch 25 Foundation awarded him the Joan Pasheluk Tribute Award for raising awareness of Alzheimer's in the media. He also has written about social causes.

References

External links

Fordham University alumni
American sports journalists
Living people
College football announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
WFUV people

Mike Yam


Gateshead F.C. is an association football team who are from North East England.  They are an professional club.

Their supporters, known as Tynesiders, number in the hundreds.

South Shields to Gateshead
During the early years of the English Football League, South Shields played in the league, finishing as high as sixth in the Second Division. However problems with money saw them move the short distance between to Gateshead. Gateshead became an established team in the Football League's bottom division, coming close to promotion twice. But in 1960, they were controversially voted out of the league, to be replaced by Peterborough United F.C.. The team never really recovered and entered administration in 1974.

Recent History
A successor to Gateshead were soon founded, and attempted to join the Scottish Football League, but they did not get enough votes. This new team also went out of business. But once again, the people of South Shields saved Gateshead and in 1977 the current Gateshead side moved to the town. Gateshead have since moved between the Northern Premier League and the Football Conference. Under Gary Mills, they were able to reach the playoff final but Cambridge beat them to end their hopes of return to the League. Since then a more mellow patch followed.

Other websites
Official Gateshead F.C. website

English football clubs

Gateshead F.C.


Michael Haneke (; born 23 March 1942) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. His work often examines social issues and depicts the feelings of estrangement experienced by individuals in modern society. Haneke has made films in French, German, and English and has worked in television and theatre, as well as cinema. He also teaches film direction at the Film Academy Vienna.

Haneke is known for his political and social satire trilogy The Seventh Continent (1989), Benny's Video (1992), and 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994). He has since won the Cannes Film Festival's Grand Prix for The Piano Teacher (2001) as well as its  twice for The White Ribbon (2009), and Amour (2012), the later of which received five Academy Award nominations and won the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film. He is also known for directing Funny Games (1997), Code Unknown (2000), Caché (2005), and Happy End (2017).

Early life and education
Haneke is the son of German actor and director Fritz Haneke and Austrian actress . His stepfather, the composer , had later married the mother of actor Christoph Waltz. Haneke was raised in the city of Wiener Neustadt, Austria.

Haneke showed a strong interest in literature and music, but as an adolescent developed a "downright contempt for any form of school". During this period of his life, he has later described himself as a "rebel". He had ambitions of becoming an actor in his youth, later abandoning these plans after failing an entrance examination at the Max Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna. He later attended the University of Vienna to study philosophy, psychology and drama. Not a committed student, he would spend most of his time attending local movie theatres. After leaving university, he began working odd jobs, before working as an editor and dramaturge at the southwestern German television station Südwestfunk from 1967 to 1970, a time during which he also worked as a film critic. He made his debut as a television director in 1974.

Career

1974–1988: Early work in television
Haneke started his career directing numerous television projects. He made his debut as a writer and director with the 1974 television movie After Liverpool starring Hildegard Schmahl and Dieter Kirchlechner. The project originally started as a radio play.  He then directed two more television films, Three Paths to the Lake (1976), about war photo journalist faces a moral crisis when she is forced to examine the implications of her work, and another telefilm Sperrmüll (1976). In 1979 he directed two episodes of Lemminge followed by Variation – oder Daß es Utopien gibt, weiß ich selber! (1983). In 1986 he directed Fraulein: A German Melodrama which was described as Haneke's  answer to Fassbinder's The Marriage of Maria Braun. Haneke wanted to make a film about German history that doesn't drown in self-pity and yet still attracts the public". A few years later he would make the experimental tele-documentary film Nachruf für einen Mörder about a young Austrian who provoked a hideous bloodbath in Vienna.

1989–1997: Rise to prominence
Haneke's feature film debut was 1989's The Seventh Continent, which served to trace out the violent and bold style that would bloom in later years. The film chronicles the last years of an Austrian family played by Birgit Doll and Dieter Berner. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian described the film as a "masterpiece". Despite being shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film it wasn't nominated. Three years later he directed the controversial psychological horror film Benny's Video (1992). The film premiered at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival to positive reviews. It later won the FIPRESCI Award at the European Film Awards. The film showed at the New York Film Festival where Stephen Holden of The New York Times praised the performances and Haneke writing, "The film makes strong, if heavy-handed, points about the confusing effects of television violence". His third film in the trilogy is entitled, 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994), Manohla Dargis's The New York Times called it an "An icy-cool study of violence both mediated and horribly real", adding "For Mr. Haneke, the point seems less that evil is commonplace than that we don't engage with it as thinking, actively moral beings. We slurp our soup while Sarajevo burns on the boob tube."

In 1997 he directed the television film The Castle (1997). The project is based of the Franz Kafka's novel of the same name. The film starred Ulrich Mühe and Susanne Lothar. It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival. Also that year he directed the feature film Funny Games (1997). The plot involves two young men who hold a family hostage and torture them with sadistic games in their vacation home. The film premiered at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival. David Rooney of Variety wrote about his continuation of the examination of violence writing, "Haneke is clearly more interested in the implications of violence than the acts themselves, and the psychological wallop they pack is strengthened by having most of the physical and emotional carnage played off-camera".

2000–2009: Breakthrough and acclaim

He directed the French film Code Unknown (2000) starring Juliette Binoche. The film revolves around separates storylines which weave and intersect with each other. The film is inspired by the life of the French novelist and war reporter Olivier Weber. The film screened at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. The New York Times praised Haneke "as a skillful, minutely observant filmmaker who trusts his audience to be able to put two and two together" but adds "Unfortunately, he's often too cryptic, which leaves viewers still trying to make connections when they should already be reacting to the moral lessons implied by them." Haneke has directed a number of stage productions in German, which include works by Strindberg, Goethe, and Heinrich von Kleist in Berlin, Munich and Vienna.

Haneke achieved great success with the critically acclaimed French film The Piano Teacher (2001). The film starred Isabelle Huppert as a sexually repressed piano teacher who soon becomes involved with a younger man. The film tackles subjects such as masochism, rape, incest, sexual repression, sexual violence, and the relationships between men and women. It premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival where it received rapturous reviews. It won the prestigious Grand Prize at the festival and also won its stars, Benoît Magimel and Huppert the Best Actor and Actress awards. David Denby of The New Yorker wrote, "Haneke avoids the sensationalism of movie shockers, even high-class shockers like Hitchcock's Psycho and Polanski's Repulsion. There are no expressionist moments in The Piano Teacher—no scenes of longing, no soft-focus dreams or cinematic dreck". Denby concluded, "[the film] is a seriously scandalous work, beautifully made, and it deserves a sizable audience that might argue over it, appreciate it—even hate it."

A few years later he directed the dystopian drama Time of the Wolf (2003) starring Huppert. The film revolves around a family trying to find their way after a global cataclysm. The film received positive reviews with Scott Foundas of Variety Magazine writing, "Haneke demonstrates profound insight into the essence of human behavior when all humility is pared away, raw panic and despair are the order of the day, and man becomes more like wolf than man." In 2005 Haneke reunited with Juliette Binoche in the psychological thriller Caché after she expressed interest in working with him. Haneke frequently worked with real-life couple Ulrich Mühe and Susanne Lothar – thrice each. The film opened the 2005 Cannes Film Festival to positive reviews. The film involves themes of collective guilt, collective memory and colonialism. He incorporated stories of the Paris massacre of 1961 into the film. Haneke won the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director for the film. It was also included in the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century.

In 2006 he gave his debut as an opera director, staging Mozart's Don Giovanni for the Opéra National de Paris at Palais Garnier when the theater's general manager was Gerard Mortier. With his next film The White Ribbon (2009) Haneke chose to shoot in black-and-white and in Germany. The film is set in 1913 and deals with strange incidents in a small town in Northern Germany, depicting an authoritarian, fascist-like atmosphere, where children are subjected to rigid rules and suffer harsh punishments, and where strange deaths occur. The film premiered at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival and won his first . It later won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and earned two Academy Award nominations for Best International Feature Film and Best Cinematography losing to The Secret in Their Eyes (2009) from Argentina and Avatar (2009). Critic Roger Ebert described the film as "visual[ly] masterful" adding, "His films are like parables, teaching that bad things sometimes happen simply because they...happen. The universe laughs at man's laws and does what it will."

2012–present

In 2012, Haneke directed Amour starring Jean-Louis Trintignant, Emmanuelle Riva and Isabelle Huppert. The film revolves around an elderly couple aging together. The film premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival and received the . This is the second career honour for Haneke. He joined a list of 9 other directors who have won the two Palme d'or awards. Other directors include Alf Sjöberg, Francis Ford Coppola, Bille August, Emir Kusturica, Shōhei Imamura, the Dardenne Brothers, Ken Loach and Ruben Östlund. Ella Tayor of NPR praised the film describing it as "Touching and tragic" adding "Haneke implicates us in the full range of human capacity". The film also earned the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film with Haneke earning Academy Award nominations for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, the later nominations being the first of his career.

In 2012, he was to direct Così fan tutte for the New York City Opera. This production had originally been commissioned by Jürgen Flimm for the Salzburg Festival 2009, but Haneke had to resign due to an illness preventing him from preparing the work. Haneke realized this production at Madrid's Teatro Real in 2013. In 2013, he was the subject of the documentary film Michael H – Profession: Director. That year, Haneke won the Prince of Asturias Award for the arts.

In 2017, for his twelfth film, Happy End Haneke reunited with Trintignant and Huppert. The film also starred Mathieu Kassovitz and Toby Jones. The film centers around a bourgeois French family dealing with a series of setbacks and crises. The film was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 70th Cannes Film Festival. The film received respectable reviews. Alissa Wilkinson of Vox described it as a commentary on "the European refugee crisis and the pitfalls of privilege". Wilkinson added, " challenges its audience to pay attention to put together the story, then, is as much an aesthetic statement about how to watch a movie as a political one. We have to observe and see what's in the background. And that's just what the family at the center of the movie doesn't do, and what makes them civilized monsters — a proclivity they pass on through generations."

Haneke says that films should offer viewers more space for imagination and self-reflection. Films that have too much detail and moral clarity, Haneke says, are used for mindless consumption by their viewers. Haneke teaches film direction at the Film Academy Vienna. One of his students there was director Katharina Mückstein.

Style and reception
Haneke is known for directing films which are often unsentimental and uses disturbing imagery to explore social critiques on issues such as class, race, gender, and violence. The Museum of Modern Art showcased his films in 2007 adding that they feature themes "of alienation and social collapse; the exploitation and consumption of violence; the bourgeois family as the incubator of fascistic impulse; individual responsibility and collective guilt; and the ethics of the photographic image". He is also known for his use of the long take rather than relying on quick edits or fast paced editing. Haneke prefers to let his scenes unfold slowly, allowing the audience to fully experience the tension and emotion of each moment. This creates a sense of intimacy for the audience to draw them into a scene. He also uses static shots, ambiguous endings, meta-narratives, and silence. Haneke also has collaborated with Isabelle Huppert and Juliette Binoche on numerous films.

Favourite films
In 2012, Haneke participated in the Sight & Sound poll and submitted these films as his favorite.

 Au Hasard Balthazar by Robert Bresson (France, 1966)
 Lancelot of the Lake by Robert Bresson (France, 1974)
 Mirror by Andrei Tarkovsky (USSR, 1975)
 Salo, or the 120 Days of Sodom by Pier Paolo Pasolini (Italy, 1975)
 The Exterminating Angel by Luis Buñuel (Mexico, 1962)
 The Gold Rush by Charlie Chaplin (USA, 1925)
 Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock (USA, 1960)
 A Woman Under the Influence by John Cassavetes (USA, 1974)
 Germany Year Zero by Roberto Rossellini (Italy, 1948)
 L'Eclisse by Michelangelo Antonioni (Italy, 1962)

Filmography

Feature films

Television

Short films
 Lumière and Company (1995) (segment "Michael Haneke/Vienne")

Awards and nominations

His directorial debut, The Seventh Continent, won the Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1989. He later won the Grand Prix at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival for The Piano Teacher and the Best Director Award for Caché at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. He subsequently directed the 2007 remake of his controversial 1997 film Funny Games.

At the 2009 Cannes Film Festival, his film The White Ribbon won the , and at the 67th Golden Globe Awards the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In 2012, his film Amour premiered and competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. The film would go on to win the , making it his second win of the prestigious award in three years; this made him the seventh director to have won it twice and the only Austrian director to have accomplished this. The film received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Emmanuelle Riva; it won in the category of Best Foreign Language Film.

In 2013, Haneke won the Prince of Asturias Award for the arts. His twelfth and most recent film, Happy End, was nominated for the  at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.

Bibliography
 Catherine Wheatley: Michael Haneke's Cinema: The Ethic of the Image, New York: Berghahn Books, 2009,  review
 Michael Haneke. Special Issue of Modern Austrian Literature. 43.2, 2010.
 Alexander D. Ornella / Stefanie Knauss (ed.): Fascinatingly Disturbing. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Michael Haneke's Cinema, Eugene, Pickwick, 2010, .
 A Companion to Michael Haneke. Germany: Wiley, 2010.
 Fatima Naqvi, Trügerische Vertrautheit: Filme von Michael Haneke/ Deceptive Familiarity: Films by Michael Haneke, Synema, Wien, 2010.
 Wheatley, Catherine. Michael Haneke's Cinema: The Ethic of the Image. United Kingdom: Berghahn Books, 2013.
 Grundmann, Roy, Fatima Naqvi, and Colin Root. Michael Haneke: Interviews. University Press of Mississippi, Jackson, 2020.

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
Austrian film critics
Austrian film directors
Austrian opera directors
Austrian television directors
Austrian theatre directors
Austrian screenwriters
Best Director César Award winners
Best Director German Film Award winners
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director winners
Directors of Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners
Directors of Palme d'Or winners
European Film Award for Best Director winners
European Film Award for Best Screenwriter winners
Filmmakers who won the Best Foreign Language Film BAFTA Award
Film directors from Munich
French-language film directors
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Georges Delerue Award winners
Austrian male screenwriters
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
People from Wiener Neustadt
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
University of Vienna alumni

Michael Haneke


Saigon is the sixth novel in the long-running Nick Carter-Killmaster series of spy novels. Carter is a US secret agent, code-named N-3, with the rank of Killmaster.  He works for AXE – a secret arm of the US intelligence services.

Publishing history
The book was first published in December 1964 (Number A122F) by Award Books part of the Beacon-Signal division of Universal Publishing and Distributing Corporation (New York, USA), part of the Conde Nast Publications Inc. The novel was written by Michael Avallone and Valerie Moolman. Copyright was registered in the US.

Plot summary
The story is set in August–September 1964. Claire La Farge, widow of a French intelligence officer, lives in a large rice and tea plantation in North Vietnam. One night she receives a coded message in the form of a knotted belt (quipu) from a former associate of her husband. She sends her trusted servant, Saito, to Saigon to place an advert in the personal column of the Times of Vietnam hoping to contact former colleagues of her husband who can decode the message. Raoul Dupre, a former French intelligence officer and businessman in Saigon, reads the ad and makes contact. Agent Nick Carter, in Saigon posing as a WHO medical observer, answers the ad on a hunch and learns of Dupre's involvement. Dupre's daughter, Antoinette (Toni), has become a heroin addict under the influence of Lin Tong – a Chinese communist spy interested in finding out the truth about her father.

Hawk orders Carter to help Raoul Dupre contact Claire La Farge to retrieve the coded message. Antoinette tells Carter that Lin Tong is pressing her to spy on her father and that she has revealed to Lin Tong what she has overheard of the coded message and the American agent who would be coming to help. Lin Tong follows Antoinette and Carter to a secluded rendezvous where he accidentally shoots and kills her. Carter and Lin Tong race each other to North Vietnam. Carter heads for the La Farge plantation accompanied by Saito while Lin Tong contacts his communist guerilla allies to be on the lookout for a western agent.

Lin Tong arrives at the La Farge plantation first with a small group of North Vietnamese soldiers. He starts to interrogate and torture Claire La Farge concerning the location of the coded message. Carter and Saito arrive shortly afterwards. They assemble the plantation workers still loyal to Claire La Farge and overpower the North Vietnamese soldiers. Lin Tong is captured and Claire La Farge is released. Raoul Dupre arrives by helicopter to take Carter and Lin Tong back to Saigon. The quipu belt is decoded as a list of Chinese communist spies living and working in South Vietnam. Raoul Dupre takes charge of eliminating the spies, while Carter returns home.

Main characters
Nick Carter (agent N-3, AXE; posing as WHO medical observer)
Mr Hawk (Carter's boss, head of AXE)
Claire La Farge (widowed French rice / tea plantation owner)
Saito (Japanese servant of Claire La Farge)
Raoul Dupre (businessman and former French intelligence officer, father of Antoinette)
Antoinette (Toni) Dupre (daughter of Raoul)
Lin Tong (Chinese communist spy, lover of Antoinette)
Ho Van Minh (N. Vietnamese general)

References

1964 American novels
Nick Carter-Killmaster novels
Novels set in Vietnam
Novels set in the 1960s
Novels set in Saigon

Saigon (Killmaster novel)


The spongy urethra (cavernous portion of urethra, penile urethra) is the longest part of the male urethra, and is contained in the corpus spongiosum of the penis.

It is about 15 cm long, and extends from the termination of the membranous portion to the external urethral orifice.

Commencing below the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm it passes forward and upward to the front of the pubic symphysis; and then, in the flaccid condition of the penis, it bends downward and forward.

It is narrow, and of uniform size in the body of the penis, measuring about 6 mm in diameter; it is dilated behind, within the bulb, and again anteriorly within the glans penis, where it forms the fossa navicularis urethrae.

The spongy urethra runs along the length of the penis on its ventral (underneath) surface. It is about 15–16 cm in length, and travels through the corpus spongiosum. The ducts from the urethral gland (gland of Littré) enter here. The openings of the bulbourethral glands are also found here. Some textbooks will subdivide the spongy urethra into two parts, the bulbous and pendulous urethra. The urethral lumen (interior) runs effectively parallel to the penis, except at the narrowest point, the external urethral meatus, where it is vertical. This produces a spiral stream of urine and has the effect of cleaning the external urethral meatus.  The lack of an equivalent mechanism in the female urethra partly explains why urinary tract infections occur so much more frequently in females.

Epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar – proximally, Stratified squamous – distally

Additional images

References

External links

  - "The Male Pelvis: The Urethra"

Male urethra

Spongy urethra


Jianyi Zhang (张建一 in Chinese) is an American operatic tenor of Chinese birth. A graduate of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music and the Juilliard School, he has had an active international career in concerts and operas since the mid-1980s. In 1987 he attended the summer conservatory program at the Music Academy of the West. He has sung leading roles at the Metropolitan Opera, the New York City Opera, the Opéra-Comique, the Paris Opera, the Staatsoper Stuttgart, the Teatro Comunale Florence, the Vienna State Opera, and the Washington National Opera to name just a few. His concert appearances include performances with the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Philharmonic Orchestra, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France, and the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra.

As an educator, he joined Zhejiang Conservatory of Music in 2018 to chair the voice department.

References

Living people
American operatic tenors
Chinese operatic tenors
Juilliard School alumni
Shanghai Conservatory of Music alumni
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Year of birth missing (living people)
Music Academy of the West alumni

Jianyi Zhang


Dahej (Dowry) is a 1952 Hindi social family drama film based on the dowry system directed by V. Shantaram. Produced by Rajkamal Kalamandir, the director of photography was V. Avadhoot. Music was composed by Vasant Desai with lyrics by Shams Lucknavi, who also wrote the story and dialogues. The film starred Prithviraj Kapoor, Karan Dewan, Jayshree, Ulhas, Mumtaz Begum, Keshavrao Date and Lalita Pawar.

The story is set in the city of Lucknow and involves the social issue of dowry. The film is about a young bride who faces suffering and humiliation for not bringing a dowry and then makes the "ultimate sacrifice" with her death.

Plot
Thakur (Prithviraj Kapoor), his wife (Mumtaz Begum) and daughter Chanda (Jayshree) live in a big old-style house. Though he has this ancestral property, Thakur is not wealthy and he makes this clear to lawyer Biharilal (Ulhas) and his wife (Lalita Pawar) when they ask for Chanda's hand in marriage. He tells them that he can not give a dowry as tradition demands. The lawyer says he does not want a dowry for his son Suraj (Karan Dewan) and are happy having Chanda in their house. He has said this thinking that Thakur is rich and would anyway give a dowry.  Soon after the marriage, the lawyer dies and Chanda's blamed by her mother-in-law for bringing bad luck. She plans to throw Chanda out of the house and get Suraj remarried. Meanwhile, seeing the suffering his daughter has to endure Thakur decides to sell his entire property and get a big dowry for Chanda. He proceeds to bring the dowry to Chanda's house with big fanfare. Suraj lies hurt following an accident and Chanda's mother-in-law refuses to let Chanda look after him. In the melee, Chanda also gets hurt when the door she's standing against is broken down. Suraj hearing the commotion gets out of his bed and collapses dead. Thakur reaches the house only to have Chanda die in his arms.

Cast
 Jayashree as Chanda
 Prithviraj Kapoor as Thakur (Chanda's father)
 Karan Dewan as Suraj
 Lalita Pawar as Suraj's mother
 Ulhas as Lawyer Biharilal, Suraj's father
 Keshavrao Date
 Shantarin
 Mumtaz Begum as Thakur's wife
 Shantarin
 Lata Rao

Soundtrack
The music was by Vasant Desai with lyrics by Shams Lucknavi. The singers were Shamshad Begum, Krishna Goyal, Jayshree.

Song list

References

External links

1952 films
1950s Hindi-language films
Films directed by V. Shantaram
Indian drama films
1952 drama films
Indian black-and-white films

Dahej (film)


She is a 1925 British-German fantasy adventure film made by Reciprocity Films, co-directed by Leander de Cordova and G. B. Samuelson, and starring Betty Blythe, Carlyle Blackwell, and Mary Odette. It was filmed in Berlin by a British film company as a co-production, and based on H. Rider Haggard's 1887 novel of the same name. According to the opening credits, the intertitles were specially written for the film by Haggard himself; he died in 1925, the year the film was made, and never got to see the finished film. The film still exists in its complete form today.

The book has been a popular subject for filmmakers in the silent and sound eras, with at least five short silent film adaptations produced in 1908, 1911, 1916, 1917, and 1919 respectively. The 1925 version was the first feature-length adaptation, although it was trimmed from its original 95-minute running time down to 69 minutes for US release (it was only released in the US by the Lee-Bradford Corporation in 1926). (A sound version was made in 1935 by RKO Pictures, and again in 1965 by Hammer Films of England.)

The 1925 film is the most faithful of the three feature-length adaptations to date and follows the action, characters and locations of the original novel closely. Heinrich Richter handled the sumptuous set designs and impressive landscape shots. Hollywood actress Blythe traveled to Europe to appear in the film, as the producers hoped to cash in on her "vamp" appeal, placing her in a see-through negligee for the part. She later was quoted as saying "A director is the only man beside your husband who can tell you how much of your clothes to take off".

Critic Christopher Workman opined "Lead actor Carlyle Blackwell (who played a dual role in the film) was much too old for the part of the youthful Leo Vincey, and the pasty-faced  makeup and ludicrous blond wig he is forced to sport only make his age  more obvious....He walks through the part  without showing the least bit of interest in any of it." (He later appeared in Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger (1927) and The Hound of the Baskervilles (1929).) Alexander Butler, who plays Mahomet in the film, was actually a director who had made some earlier silent horror films, including The Sorrows of Satan (1917) and The Beetle (1919).

Plot
At Cambridge University, the ape-like Horace Holly, nicknamed "Baboon", is visited by the dying Vincey who asks Holly to raise his only child Leo, and that he give Leo a chest on the latter's twenty fifth birthday. Holly agrees. It leads Leo, Horace and Job on an expedition to Ethiopia to find the lost "Pillars of Fire", said to grant immortality to whoever bathes in their light, and to be guarded by an immortal queen named Ayesha, called by her mistreated subjects "She Who Must Be Obeyed". They travel down into a lost city hidden in the underground volcanic caves of Ethiopia, where Leo learns he is the reincarnation of an ancient Egyptian king named Kallikrates. He discovers that thousands of years ago, Queen Ayesha murdered him when she discovered he was in love with a woman named Amenartes. Ayesha convinces Leo to bath in the Pillars of Fire so that he can become an immortal like her and share her throne. However, when they enter the mystical flames, Ayesha rapidly ages and dies, not realizing that to enter the flames twice is a fatal mistake.

Cast
Betty Blythe as Ayesha
Carlyle Blackwell as Leo Vincey/Kallikrates
Mary Odette as Ustane
Tom Reynolds as Job
Heinrich George as Horace Holly
Jerrold Robertshaw as Billali
Alexander Butler as Mahomet

References

External links

Poster for She

1925 films
1920s fantasy adventure films
Films of the Weimar Republic
German silent feature films
German fantasy adventure films
British fantasy adventure films
British silent feature films
Films directed by G. B. Samuelson
Films based on She
German black-and-white films
British black-and-white films
1920s British films
Silent fantasy adventure films
1920s German films
1920s English-language films
English-language German films

She (1925 film)


The Space Applications Centre (SAC) is an institution of research in Ahmedabad under the aegis of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is one of the major centres of ISRO that is engaged in the research, development and demonstration of applications of space technology in the field of telecommunications, remote sensing, meteorology and satellite navigation (Sat Nav). This includes research and development of on-board systems, ground systems and end user equipment hardware and software. SAC has three campuses, two of which are located at Ahmedabad and one at Delhi.

Achievements

Some of the achievements of the Space Applications Centre include development of communication and meteorological payloads for INSAT satellites, optical and microwave payloads for IRS satellites. SAC provides its infrastructure to conduct training courses to the students of the Center for Space Science and Technology Education in Asia and The Pacific (CSSTEAP). It was founded by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai.

On 19 March 2021, SAC in a major breakthrough demonstrated free space quantum communication technology at a distance of 300 meters between two buildings through live video conferencing as part of Quantum Experiments using Satellite Technology (QuEST) project. The primary objective is to successfully perform satellite based quantum communication between two ISRO ground station. Hardware developed for performing the experiment includes NavIC receiver for time synchronization between transmitter and receiver, gimbal mechanism systems as an alternative to large aperture telescope for optical alignment.

Collaborations between SAC Ahmedabad and National Institute of Design, Gujarat began in the early 1970s.

References

External links
 Space Applications Centre website
 ISRO SAC page
 CSSTEAP website

1972 establishments in Gujarat
Research institutes in Ahmedabad
Research institutes established in 1972
Space programme of India
Space technology research institutes
Research institutes in Gujarat

Space Applications Centre


The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) are two extensively modified Boeing 747 airliners that NASA used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters. One (N905NA) is a 747-100 model, while the other (N911NA) is a short range 747-100SR.

The SCAs were used to ferry Space Shuttles from landing sites back to the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center. The orbiters were placed on top of the SCAs by Mate-Demate Devices, large gantry-like structures that hoisted the orbiters off the ground for post-flight servicing then mated them with the SCAs for ferry flights.

In approach and landing test flights conducted in 1977, the test shuttle Enterprise was released from an SCA during flight and glided to a landing under its own control.

Design and development
The Lockheed C-5 Galaxy was considered for the shuttle-carrier role by NASA, but rejected in favor of the 747. This was due to the 747's low-wing design in comparison to the C-5's high-wing design, and also because the U.S. Air Force would have retained ownership of the C-5, while NASA could own the 747s outright.

The first aircraft, a Boeing 747-123 registered N905NA, was originally manufactured for American Airlines. With a decline in air traffic and failure to fill their 747s, American Airlines sold it to NASA. It still wore the visible American cheatlines while testing Enterprise in the 1970s. It was acquired in 1974 and initially used for trailing wake vortex research as part of a broader study by NASA Dryden, as well as Shuttle tests involving an F-104 flying in close formation and simulating a release from the 747.

The aircraft was extensively modified for NASA by Boeing in 1976. While first-class seats were kept for NASA passengers, its main cabin and insulation were stripped, and the fuselage was strengthened. Mounting struts were added on top of the 747, located to match the fittings on the Shuttle that attach it to the external fuel tank for launch. With the Shuttle riding on top, the center of gravity was altered. Vertical stabilizers were added to the tail to improve stability when the Orbiter was being carried. The avionics and engines were also upgraded.

An internal escape slide was added behind the flight deck in case of catastrophic failure mid-flight. In the event of a bail-out, explosives would be detonated to make an opening in the fuselage at the bottom of the slide, allowing the crew to exit through the slide and parachute to the ground. The slide system was removed following the Approach and Landing Tests because of concerns over the possibility of escaping crew members being ingested into an engine.

Flying with the additional drag and weight of the Orbiter imposed significant fuel and altitude penalties. The range was reduced to , compared to an unladen range of , requiring an SCA to stop several times to refuel on a transcontinental flight. Without the Orbiter, the SCA needed to carry ballast to balance its center of gravity. The SCA had an altitude ceiling of  and a maximum cruise speed of Mach 0.6 with the orbiter attached. A crew of 170 took a week to prepare the shuttle and SCA for flight.

Studies were conducted to equip the SCA with aerial refueling equipment, a modification already made to the U.S. Air Force E-4 (modified 747-200s) and 747 tanker transports for the IIAF. However, during formation flying with a tanker aircraft to test refueling approaches, minor cracks were spotted on the tailfin of N905NA. While these were not likely to have been caused by the test flights, it was felt that there was no sense taking unnecessary risks.  Since there was no urgent need to provide an aerial refueling capacity, the tests were suspended.By 1983, SCA N905NA no longer carried the distinct American Airlines tricolor cheatline. NASA replaced it with its own livery, consisting of a white fuselage and a single blue cheatline. That year, after secretly being fitted with an infrared countermeasures system to protect it from heat-seeking missiles, it was also used to fly Enterprise on a tour in Europe, with refueling stops in Goose Bay, Canada; Keflavik, Iceland; England; and West Germany. It then went to the Paris Air Show.

In 1988, in the wake of the Challenger accident, NASA procured a surplus 747SR-46 from Japan Airlines.  Registered N911NA, it entered service with NASA in 1990 after undergoing modifications similar to N905NA. It was first used in 1991 to ferry the new shuttle Endeavour from the manufacturers in Palmdale, California to Kennedy Space Center.

Based at the Dryden Flight Research Center within Edwards Air Force Base in California the two aircraft were functionally identical, although N911NA has five upper-deck windows on each side, while N905NA has only two.

The rear mounting points on both aircraft were labeled with humorous instructions to "attach orbiter here" or "place orbiter here", clarified by the precautionary note "black side down".

Shuttle Carriers were capable of operating from alternative shuttle landing sites such as those in the United Kingdom, Spain, and France. Because Shuttle Carrier's range is reduced while mated to an orbiter, additional preparations such as removal of the payload from the orbiter may have been necessary to reduce its weight.

Boeing transported its Phantom Ray unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) demonstrator from St. Louis, Missouri, to Edwards on a Shuttle Carrier Aircraft on December 11, 2010.

Approach and Landing Tests

The Approach and Landing Tests were a series of taxi and flight trials of the prototype Space Shuttle Enterprise, conducted at Edwards Air Force Base in 1977. They verified the shuttle's flight characteristics when mated to the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and when flying on its own, prior to the Shuttle system becoming operational. There were 3 taxi tests, 8 captive flight tests and 5 free flight tests.

Ferry flights

During the decades of Shuttle operations, the SCAs were most often used to transport the orbiters from Edwards Air Force Base, the shuttle's secondary landing site, to the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) at the Kennedy Space Center where the orbiter was processed for another launch. The SCAs were also used to transport the orbiters between manufacturer Rockwell International and NASA during initial delivery and mid-life refits.

At the end of the Space Shuttle program the SCA was used to deliver the retired orbiters from the Kennedy Space Center to their museums.

Discovery was flown to the Udvar-Hazy Center of the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum at the Dulles International Airport on April 17, 2012, making low-level passes over Washington, D.C. landmarks before landing. Enterprise, which had been on display at the Smithsonian was transported to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City on April 27, 2012, making low-level passes over the city's landmarks, before landing at John F. Kennedy International Airport, where it was transferred by barge to the museum.

The last ferry flight took Endeavour from Kennedy Space Center to Los Angeles between September 19 and 21, 2012 with refueling stops at Ellington Field and Edwards Air Force Base. After leaving Edwards the SCA with Endeavour performed low level flyovers above various landmarks across California, from Sacramento to the San Francisco Bay Area, before finally being delivered to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). From there the orbiter was transported through the streets of Los Angeles and Inglewood to its final destination, the California Science Center in Exposition Park.

Retirement

Shuttle Carrier N911NA was retired on February 8, 2012, after its final mission to the Dryden Flight Research Facility at Edwards Air Force Base in Palmdale, California, and was used as a source of parts for NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) aircraft, another modified Boeing 747. N911NA is now preserved and on display at the Joe Davies Heritage Airpark in Palmdale, California as part of a long-term loan to the city from NASA.

Shuttle Carrier N905NA was used to ferry the retired Space Shuttles to their respective museums. After delivering Endeavour to the Los Angeles International Airport in September 2012, the aircraft was flown to the Dryden Flight Research Facility, where NASA intended it to join N911NA as a source of spare parts for NASA's SOFIA aircraft, but when NASA engineers surveyed N905NA they determined that it had few parts usable for SOFIA. In 2013, a decision was made to preserve N905NA and display it at Space Center Houston with the mockup Space Shuttle Independence mounted on its back. N905NA was flown to Ellington Field where it was carefully dismantled, ferried to the Johnson Space Center in seven major pieces (a process called The Big Move), reassembled, and finally mated with the replica shuttle in August 2014. The display, called Independence Plaza, opened to the public for the first time on January 23, 2016.

Specifications

See also

References

Further reading

External links

NASA fact sheet
NASA SCA images
Interview with SCA Pilot and Former Astronaut Gordon Fullerton
Interview with SCA Crew Chief Pete Seidl

1970s United States special-purpose aircraft
Space Shuttle program
Quadjets
NASA aircraft
Boeing 747
Articles containing video clips
Aircraft related to spaceflight
Historic American Engineering Record in Texas

Shuttle Carrier Aircraft


A Study in Scarlet is a 1933 American pre-Code mystery thriller film directed by Edwin L. Marin and starring Reginald Owen as Sherlock Holmes and Anna May Wong as Mrs. Pyke. The title is taken from Arthur Conan Doyle's 1887 novel of the same name, the first in the Holmes series, but the screenplay by Robert Florey was original.

Plot
London, present day. The body of Mr. Murphy is found dead on a train, apparently from natural causes but, in fact, murdered.

A secret society holds a meeting in Limehouse, chaired by lawyer Thaddeus Merrydew. He reports Murphy's death, which follows the recent death of fellow member Colonel Forrester, whose daughter Eileen for unexplained reasons inherits her father's membership. Merrydew explains that the financial interest in the society will be divided between the surviving members, with Murphy's widow getting nothing.

Mrs. Murphy visits Sherlock Holmes at 221A Baker Street   to ask his help to get payment from Merrydew. Holmes tells Dr. Watson that Merrydew is London's most dangerous crook and has eluded him several times previously, but this time he intends to catch him.

Merrydew warns Eileen that she should not marry her fiancé John Stanford for the time being. While they are talking one of the society's members, Captain Pyke, rushes in and Eileen sees him killed by a shot fired through the window. She is then terrified by the murderer's apparent accomplice and faints. Captain Pyke's body is identified by his wife Mrs. Pyke, whose lawyer is Merrydew. Holmes does not believe what she tells him.

It appears that the members of the society are being killed off. Inspector Lestrade, Holmes and Watson investigate the death of member Malcolm Dearing. Holmes and Watson visit Merrydew to ask about Murphy's money, without success. They pass Mrs. Pyke, who is arriving.

Merrydew pays a call to Eileen to invite her to another meeting of the society, the Scarlet Ring. Eileen tells John that her late father had told her that Merrydew would arrange for her to receive a large inheritance. John visits Holmes, who says Eileen is in great danger.

Holmes disguises himself and goes to the Pykes' mansion The Grange in Shoeburyness (spelled Shoebryness), which is now for sale by Mrs. Pyke. His investigations there make him suspicious that Mrs. Pyke is collaborating with Merrydew. Holmes places newspaper advertisements requesting any information about the Scarlet Ring.

The Scarlet Ring holds another meeting, where some of its remaining members, especially Jabez Wilson, are fearful for their lives. Merrydew tells them that, after waiting five years, their scheme is about to pay out one million pounds, which is £200,000 for each of the five remaining members. Holmes and John arrive as the meeting breaks up. They smell gas and are just in time to save Eileen, who had been left to die. The terrified Wilson goes to Holmes to get his help after an apparent attempt is made on his life.

Wilson and Eileen are lured to The Grange without realizing they are next to be killed. Holmes, Lestrade and police officers surround and enter the mansion and rescue them. The killer is revealed as Captain Pyke, whose death had been fabricated. He is arrested for three murders, and Mrs. Pyke is arrested as an accomplice. Merrydew arrives with the gems, and is arrested as an accomplice. Eileen and John depart happily, and Holmes is content he has rid London of another master criminal.

Cast

Production
Despite her billing, Anna May Wong only appears on screen for less than ten minutes. Reginald Owen had played Dr. Watson in Sherlock Holmes the previous year. Owen was one of a small number of actors to play both Holmes and Watson.

References

External links

1933 films
1930s mystery thriller films
American black-and-white films
American mystery thriller films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Edwin L. Marin
Films produced by Samuel Bischoff
Films set in London
Films shot in Los Angeles
Sherlock Holmes films based on works by Arthur Conan Doyle
1930s American films
Films with screenplays by Robert Florey

A Study in Scarlet (1933 film)


Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior (; born 9 September 1991), known as Oscar, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for and captains Chinese Super League club Shanghai Port.

Oscar began his career at São Paulo, and in 2009, he went to court against the club due to irregularities in his contract. After a series of controversies, he left for Internacional, where he spent the next three years of his career. His displays for club and country led to him signing for Chelsea for a fee of R$61.575 million. After four-and-a-half years with Chelsea, he signed for Chinese Super League club Shanghai SIPG (now known as Shanghai Port) for an Asian transfer record of £60 million in January 2017.

He is a Brazilian international and has represented his country at the under-20 level, at the 2012 London Olympics and at senior level. On 20 August 2011, Oscar scored three goals in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup final win against Portugal, becoming the first player to score a hat-trick in the FIFA U-20 World Cup final. Oscar later described his performances at the tournament as being a "gateway to the senior side". His playing style and ability have drawn comparison to compatriot Kaká. He made his senior debut for Brazil in 2011 and was a member of the team that won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and that finished fourth at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, both on home soil.

Club career

Early career

Born in Americana, Oscar came through the youth academy at União Barbarense and impressed from an early age. Oscar was spotted by talent scouts who took him to the state capital where he subsequently joined São Paulo in 2004 at the age of 13.

He made his professional debut on 28 August 2008, in the second leg of the first stage of the Copa Sudamericana. He played the full 90 minutes of the goalless draw with Atlético Paranaense at the Arena da Baixada, but he and Juninho had their attempts saved by Vinícius in the penalty shootout, eliminating their team. His domestic debut came on 13 March 2009, filling in for Jean for the final eight minutes of a 5–0 home win over Mirassol in the Campeonato Paulista. That year, he also made 11 substitute appearances for the team in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

Internacional
Initially, Oscar joined Internacional after a contractual dispute with his former club São Paulo, with Oscar's agent claiming that the club had not paid salaries as promised. Oscar's representatives argued that his contract with São Paulo was null and void whereupon Oscar joined Internacional as a free agent. São Paulo continued to claim that Oscar belonged to them and lodged legal appeals which prevented Oscar from playing for Internacional in vital Copa Libertadores fixtures. Eventually, a settlement was agreed upon between São Paulo and Internacional on 30 May 2012, severing his contract for a fee of €6 million.

Oscar's first season at Internacional was blighted by injury. On 23 February 2011, as an 80th-minute substitute for Leandro Damião, he scored his first goal for the club to conclude a 4–0 home win over Jaguares de Chiapas at the start of Inter's defence of the Copa Libertadores. He added two more goals in the competition before their elimination in the last 16 by Peñarol. His first goals in domestic football came on 5 June, a brace in a 4–2 win over América-MG in the third game of the Série A season; he finished the season with 10 goals from 26 games.

Chelsea
On 16 July 2012, Chelsea agreed on a fee of R$61.575 million for Oscar. (according to several media, the fee was estimated for £19 million or £25 million) On 25 July, Chelsea announced the signing of Oscar on a five-year contract. On 19 August 2012, Oscar made his debut for Chelsea by coming on in the 64th minute for fellow debutant, Eden Hazard in their opening game of the 2012–13 season against Wigan Athletic.

Oscar made his first start of the season on 19 September in Chelsea's first Champions League match against Juventus. After making the match 1–0 in favour of Chelsea with a deflected effort, he added a second, which curled over Juventus keeper Gianluigi Buffon, to make it 2–0 at Stamford Bridge. However the game ended in a 2–2 draw, but he was awarded Man of the Match. He commented on his second goal, saying, "I am very happy with two goals on my debut but I would have been much happier if the team had won the game. In Brazil, young boys dream of playing in the Champions League and I'm very proud to have realised my dream."

Three days later, Oscar then made his first Premier League start in a 1–0 victory over Stoke City. Following his good performances, Oscar became a regular starter in Roberto Di Matteo's creative midfield triumvirate with Juan Mata and Eden Hazard. He scored his third goal of the season, in the Champions League, in Chelsea's 2–1 away defeat away to Shakhtar Donetsk in Donetsk, and continued his scoring record in Europe by scoring into an open net from 40 yards out in the reverse fixture against Shakhtar at Stamford Bridge, a match which Chelsea won 3–2. Oscar also scored in Europe in ultimately Chelsea's last Champions League fixture, making the score 6–1 for Chelsea against debutants Nordsjælland.

After the sacking of manager Di Matteo on 21 November, interim manager Rafael Benítez only started Oscar three times in his first seven games. Benítez praised Oscar's attitude after dropping him for the FIFA Club World Cup Final against Corinthians and believed there was no rift between himself and the player. He scored his first Premier League goal for the club on 23 December, scoring a penalty during an 8–0 win against Aston Villa.

On 14 February 2013, less than a minute after coming off the bench to replace Mata, Oscar exchanged passes with Hazard before finishing past Tomáš Vaclík, breaking the deadlock and handing Chelsea a 1–0 away victory over Sparta Praha in the first leg of their Europa League Round of 32 clash. On 15 May, Oscar played the full ninety minutes as Chelsea defeated Benfica 2–1 in the Europa League final in Amsterdam, securing his first piece of silverware with the London club. The following day, his goal against Juventus in the Champions League was named the Chelsea "Goal of the Season".

In the first match of the 2013–14 season on 18 August, Oscar scored Chelsea's opening goal in a 2–0 win over Hull City. He opened the scoring against local rivals Fulham in a 2–1 win on 21 September. On 1 January 2014 Oscar put in a match-winning performance against Southampton at St Mary's Stadium, scoring one and assisting two as Chelsea won the match 0–3. However, he was booked in that match for diving. Oscar scored fourth and fifth goals in Chelsea's 6–0 victory over Arsenal on 23 March, which was Arsène Wenger's 1000th match in charge of the club.

Before the start of the 2014–15 season, Oscar's shirt number 11 was given back to the returning Didier Drogba, and he instead took the number 8 vacated by Frank Lampard earlier in the summer. He said "Didier is a Chelsea legend and a senior player. I am happy for him to take the 11 and for me to take the 8. Lamps is another legend at this club and I hope I will be as successful in the shirt as he was." His early season success was rewarded in November as he signed a new contract with the club keeping him with the Blues until the end of the 2018–19 season. Oscar scored twice in the first half of Chelsea's 5–0 away win at Swansea City on 17 January 2015, exploiting a wayward pass by Gylfi Sigurðsson to open the scoring after 50 seconds. On 26 April, he was hospitalised after suffering a head injury following a collision with opposing goalkeeper David Ospina in a 0–0 away draw against Arsenal in the Premier League; he was released the following day.

Oscar scored Chelsea's first goal of the next season in an eventual 2–2 home draw with Swansea, being substituted early in the second half after the dismissal of goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. On 16 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win over Maccabi Tel Aviv in the first game of the Champions League group stage. He, Diego Costa and Cesc Fàbregas were abused by supporters who believed that the trio's slump in form had cost the job of popular manager José Mourinho; in the first game since his dismissal, on 26 December, Oscar slipped and missed a spot kick in a 2–2 home draw against Watford. The following 31 January, Oscar scored a first-half hat-trick in a 5–1 win at Milton Keynes Dons in the fourth round of the FA Cup.

On 26 October 2016, Oscar made his 200th appearance for Chelsea in a 2–1 League Cup defeat to West Ham United.

Shanghai Port
On 23 December 2016, Chinese Super League side Shanghai SIPG officially confirmed that the club had agreed on terms with Chelsea for the transfer of Oscar, to be completed during the January transfer window for a reported £60 million. The fee represented an Asian transfer record. Oscar was reported to have signed a four-year contract with a weekly salary of £400,000, equivalent to an annual salary of £20.8 million (US$26.5 million). The contract placed Oscar amongst the highest paid footballers in the world, annually during his 4-year tenure with the club. After signing for Shanghai SIPG, Oscar revealed that various European clubs were interested in signing him but decided to play in China as "China has incredible financial power and sometimes makes offers that players can't refuse." He subsequently mentioned that he was more concerned about his family, than of his own career. Furthermore, he added that after completing his contract with Shanghai SIPG, he was interested in returning to Europe as he remained motivated to play football at a high level.

The Brazilian made an immediate impression for his new club, scoring on his friendly debut against Saudi Arabian side Al-Batin. Oscar made his official debut on 7 February 2017 and scored the first goal of a 3–0 win over Thai club Sukhothai in the 2017 AFC Champions League qualifying play-off. On 11 April 2017, Oscar missed two penalty kicks as his team lost 1–0 in an AFC Champions League match against Urawa Red Diamonds. He scored his first domestic league goal for SIPG with a penalty on 21 April 2017 in a 3–0 home win against Hebei China Fortune. In a league match between Shanghai SIPG and Guangzhou R&F on 18 June 2017, Oscar assisted Hulk's equaliser in the 45+1 minute, however, afterwards as the opposition players complained to the referee that Hulk had been offside, Oscar twice purposely kicked the ball into Guangzhou players. In the ensuing brawl, both Li Tixiang and Fu Huan were sent off. Although Oscar himself was not booked for his role, he was later banned for 8 matches and fined 40,000 RMB for his role in starting the incident.

In his second season, Oscar scored 12 goals as Shanghai won the league for the first time. In January 2022, Oscar was linked with a return to Europe and a move to FC Barcelona.

In March 2023, Oscar claimed that he would love to return to Chelsea one day. "Of course, it's a dream to come back to Chelsea because everyone knows the passion that I have for this club," he told Talksport. "It's the same passion I have for Shanghai. It's the two clubs I have played at for a long period. I have a lot of good memories at Chelsea and I also have a lot of good memories of Shanghai. But I'm still here and I still have dreams to play for this team."

International career

Youth

On 20 August 2011, Oscar scored three goals in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup final win against Portugal, becoming the first player to score a hat-trick in the FIFA U-20 World Cup final. This performance was immediately compared to the 1966 hat trick by Geoff Hurst as only the second time a single player scored three goals in a World Cup final match.

2012 Olympics

Oscar was named into the Brazilian squad to compete at the Olympics in London. Oscar starred in Brazil's 3–2 victory over Egypt in the opening game, providing the assists for goals by Rafael and Leandro Damião. In Brazil's next game, a 3–1 victory over Belarus, Oscar netted the Seleção's third goal in injury time, after being played through by Neymar, to send the Brazilians into the quarter-finals. All goals in the Olympics was assisted or scored by Oscar and Neymar, the two prodigies who are both regarded as the exceptional talents coming from Brazil. Oscar provided two assists, one to Rômulo and another for Leandro Damião, as the Seleção defeated South Korea 3–0 in the semi-finals at Old Trafford on 7 August. Brazil went on to lose the gold medal match against Mexico 2–1.

Senior

Oscar was given his first senior call-up as a substitute in a 0–0 draw against Argentina. Due to injuries to the attacking midfielder Ganso, he saw his national team opportunities increase and was even preferred over more experienced playmakers on a number of occasions. In June 2012, Oscar scored his first international goal in a friendly match in New York City against Argentina, which Brazil went on to lose 4–3. He also scored a penalty kick against China as well as recording three assists in the 8–0 rout, before firing a brace against Iraq one month later.

On 25 March 2013 Oscar played against Russia at Stamford Bridge with fellow Chelsea teammates David Luiz and Ramires. He wore the nation's iconic 10 number shirt.

Oscar played and started in all of Brazil's games in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup as they beat Spain 3–0 in the final to claim the trophy. He provided the assist for the second goal in the final, scored by Neymar.

In the opening match of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, on 12 June against Croatia in São Paulo, Oscar scored in injury time with a toe-poke from outside the box for the last goal in a 3–1 win.  In Brazil's record-breaking 7–1 semi-final defeat to Germany on 8 July, Oscar scored the only goal for Brazil in the 90th minute. Alongside Thiago Silva, he was one of two Brazilians included in the Team of the Tournament. He also played and started every game.

Due to an injury in training, Oscar was not included in Brazil's squad for the 2015 Copa América in Chile. He was last recalled to the squad in October 2016, for Brazil's 2018 World Cup qualifiers.

Style of play

Considered to be a highly talented and promising player in his youth, Oscar has drawn comparisons to players such as Mesut Özil and fellow Brazilian teammate Kaká due to his playmaking abilities. A quick, agile, and technically gifted player, with superb dribbling skills and an excellent first touch, Oscar is very fluid and creative in his runs. As an offensive playmaker, Oscar has great vision and is able to deliver precise short passes to his teammates, which enables him to play "killer balls". Oscar is also extremely effective in building up play in areas higher up the pitch. His cunning runs, as well as his skills, range of passing and finishing ability, make him a threat inside or near the opposing penalty area, and allow him to score goals in addition to creating goalscoring opportunities. Although he typically played either as a second striker or in a central attacking midfield position for Internacional, since his transfer to Chelsea, Oscar has been deployed in all three attacking midfield positions behind the central striker, in the centre as well as on either flank. Known for his vision, ability to pick out teammates in tight positions, and carve out chances in difficult situations, Oscar often acted as the catalyst in Chelsea's attacks during his time with the club, and was widely praised for his role in the team's Europa League success in 2013. Under Mourinho, Oscar was used as Chelsea's primary playmaker in midfield. A versatile player, he has also been praised by managers for being capable of playing in wider positions, as well as in his favoured role in the centre of the pitch. Oscar's energy, work-rate, tenacity, and ability to press opponents high up the pitch made him a favorite of his former Chelsea manager Mourinho, and also allowed him to play in deeper midfield positions, or even in a box-to-box role on occasion, in particular during his time with São Paulo and under his former Chelsea manager Antonio Conte. Despite his talent, however, he has accused by certain pundits – such as Nizaar Kinsella of Goal.com – of being inconsistent, and of failing to live up to his potential, in particular during his later Chelsea career, where he struggled to adapt to different systems and retain his place in the team's starting line-up.

Personal life
Oscar's father was killed in a traffic accident in 1994. At the time, Oscar's mother was pregnant with his sister, Gabriela. Oscar said that while growing up, he remembered little of his father and wished his dad could have watched him play football during his childhood. Oscar also said he grew up in poverty and that his family had nothing. Oscar attributed his footballing success to his mother Sueli, who raised three children (including Oscar) alone. She earned money by making and selling clothes in the family's hometown, as she was unable to work for a company.

Oscar is married to his childhood sweetheart, Ludmila, who is a Japanese Brazilian. They have been together since 2009. They were married in 2011. Oscar is a Catholic who prays before each game to relax and get confidence for the match. He started taking English classes when he moved to London and became neighbors with former teammate Juan Mata and retired midfielder Giorgos Karagounis upon his arrival at the club. Oscar and his wife have a daughter, Júlia, who was born in 2014, and son, Caio, who was born in 2016.

Career statistics

Club

 Assist Goals

International
As of 18 November 2015.
Appearances and goals by national team and year

Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.

Honours

Internacional
Recopa Sudamericana: 2011

Chelsea
Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17
Football League Cup: 2014–15
UEFA Europa League: 2012–13

Shanghai Port
Chinese Super League: 2018, 2023
Chinese FA Super Cup: 2019

Brazil U20
South American Youth Football Championship: 2011
FIFA U-20 World Cup: 2011

Brazil U23
Summer Olympics Silver Medal: 2012

Brazil
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2013
Individual
FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2014
Chelsea Goal of the Year: 2012–13 vs. Juventus, 2014–15 vs. Queens Park Rangers
Chinese Super League Team of the Year: 2018
AFC Champions League OPTA Best XI: 2019

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Americana, São Paulo
Footballers from São Paulo (state)
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
São Paulo FC players
Sport Club Internacional players
Chelsea F.C. players
Shanghai Port F.C. players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Premier League players
Chinese Super League players
UEFA Europa League winning players
Brazil men's youth international footballers
Brazil men's under-20 international footballers
Olympic footballers for Brazil
Brazil men's international footballers
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in football
Olympic silver medalists for Brazil
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in England
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in China
Brazilian Roman Catholics

Oscar (footballer, born 1991)


Zepherinus Joseph (born 13 August 1975, in Mon Repos, Saint Lucia) is a Saint Lucian athlete, specialising in middle and long distance events. Zepherinus holds the Saint Lucia National Records for every outdoor track and road event from the 1500m to the marathon.

Better known as Knockay or Straws, Zepherinus attended Micoud Secondary School before taking up athletics scholarships at Central Arizona College and University of North Florida, where he studied Building Construction. He was a member of Creation Sports Club in Saint Lucia.

Before leaving for Central Arizona College in 1998, Zepherinus had already established himself as the best distance runner St Lucia had ever produced. By the time he got to Arizona on a scholarship sourced by Saint Lucia Pole Vault record-holder Dominic Johnson, "Knockay" was St Lucia's national champion at 1500m and 5000m, and he held the national records at both distances. In 1998, he had completed the 1500m in 3:57.33 at the Central American and Caribbean Games in Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Central Arizona
It did not take long to make a mark on CAC. Zepherinus came second at the National Junior College Athletics Association (NJCAA) cross-country championships in his first year, his 24:21 a new school record. He won the regional college cross-country championships and came second in his conference, clocking a little over 25 minutes each time.

Zepherinus also became a father in 1999, a year in which he also achieved his greatest athletic feat up to that point in his career. In January, he placed fifth in the Central American and Caribbean Cross Country Championships, the best individual finish ever for a St. Lucian.

Zepherinus started the 2000 season with a 10,000m win in March, in Phoenix Arizona, in 31 minutes 27 seconds. Days later he won he 1,500m run at Azrizona State University in 3:55, equalling his personal, national and course record in the event. In May, he went on to win the NJCAA 10K title in 31 minutes 25 seconds in Illinois.

North Florida
Upon graduating CAC, Zepherinus transferred to University of North Florida. In 2001, his junior year, he ran the 10K in a new national-record time of 29:48.97 in a meet at Tallahassee, Florida. his time was also a new event record for the nine-member Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

Also in 2001, representing St Lucia, Zepherinus lowered his national record for the men's 5000m run at the Fourth Francophonie Games in Ottawa-Hull, Canada. Zepherinus was ninth. Athletes from Morocco took all three medals. Zepherinus' time of 14:25.20 lowered his months-old from the Penn Relays (14:37.77), itself a five-second reduction from his then two-year-old mark. At Francophonie, Zepherinus was also seventh in the 1500m, running 3:52.36.

In 2002, Zepherinus was hit by a car whilst on a morning run, but he determined to recover fully and come back stronger than ever. He placed second in the 5,000 (14:34.25) and the 10,000 (31:12.82) at the NCAA Division II Outdoor Track Championships in San Angelo, Texas. But it was in the cross country season that he really came alive, setting course records and winning every race he competed in up to the NCAA Division II South Region Championship. The NCAA Division II Cross-Country Coaches Association named him Division II Cross Country Co-Athlete of the Year, along with Ashland University's Nick Cordis. Zepherinus was the first UNF Osprey to claim that title.

Unfortunately, the boy from the tropics found it hard going in cold, windy, mushy conditions at the 2002 NCAA Division II National Cross-Country Championships at Ashland University in Ohio. His time of 30:51.0 earned him a fairly close third, within 10 seconds of the champion, Alfred Rugema (30:43.7) of Abilene Christian University. Cordes (30:46.5) was second.

In December 2002, Zepherinus made the Sports Illustrated "Faces in the Crowd" page.

Professional career
In November 2003, Zepherinus won his first OECS NEMWIL Half Marathon title in Basseterre, St Kitts-Nevis. Reigning champion Pamenos Ballantyne of St Vincent & the Grenadines was absent in controversial circumstances, but Zepherinus' 1:12:10.18 win came against a quality field comprising the region's best distance runners, and he beat Trinidad & Tobago's Curtis Cox by less than 14 seconds.

That year he had also qualified for the men's Marathon at the 2004 Athlens Olympics after running the Twin Cities Marathon in Minnesota. He completed the race in 2:44:19, finishing 80th. Zepherinus was the Saint Lucian flagbearer at the opening ceremony of the 28th Olympiad.  by a quirk of the Greek alphabet, Saint Lucia was first into the stadium, and so Zepherinus had the honour of leading the opening procession. Upon his return to Saint Lucia the community of Mon Repos renamed of Coolie Town Road to Knockay Avenue in recognition of his accomplishments.

In 2005, Zepherinus took his second OECS title in Antigua-Barbuda in 1:10:15. He won again in 2006 in the Commonwealth of Dominica, in 1:08:33.7.
That earned him his first Sportsman of the Year title in Saint Lucia. Zepherinus won OECS in St Kitts-Nevis again in 2007, this time in 1:13:22. He won on home soil in 2008 in 1:7:44.14, still his best-ever time in the OECS event. In 2009, he made it five on the trot, winning in St Vincent & the Grenadines in 1.14.13.

In February 2010 Zepherinus was named Saint Lucia's 2009 Sportsman of the Year, the second time he had taken that title.

Outdoor records

Indoor records

Junior records

References

1975 births
Living people
Saint Lucian male middle-distance runners
Olympic athletes for Saint Lucia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Central Arizona College alumni
University of North Florida alumni
Saint Lucian male long-distance runners
Saint Lucian male marathon runners
People from Micoud Quarter

Zepherinus Joseph


Fluid is a  free and open source computer platform for real-time collaboration across applications. Microsoft first demonstrated the software at its Build conference in May 2019 as a framework that would allow for real-time collaboration between users of its Office on the web online office suite. It replaces the concept of a "document" with a cloud address for real-time collaboration and sharing of content forms including text and tables. Microsoft expects to implement it in its Teams chat software, Outlook mail software, and other productivity software. It is designed for integration with other services, such as live translation and Cortana voice assistance. Public and private previews of the software began in November 2019. Microsoft open sourced the software in September 2020.

See also
 Distributed computing
 Document collaboration

References

External links

Microsoft free software
Software using the MIT license
2020 software

Fluid Framework


Colbert Michael Hamels (born December 27, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2006 to 2015, and the Texas Rangers from 2015 to 2018.

The Phillies drafted him out of high school in the first round of the 2002 MLB Draft (17th), and he began his career in the Phillies minor league system.. He was the top pitcher in the Phillies' minor league system in 2006.

In May 2006, Hamels made his major league debut for the Phillies. After securing a long-term spot as a member of the Phillies starting rotation in his rookie season, he made large strides in the 2007 Major League Baseball season and won the Phillies' top major league pitcher award. He was the top pitcher on the team entering the 2008 season, and during the Phillies' postseason run, during which they ultimately won the 2008 World Series over the Tampa Bay Rays, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. After the 2008 season, Hamels signed a three-year contract with the Phillies. His statistics declined over the next two seasons, struggling through a tumultuous 2009 campaign and somewhat bouncing back in 2010, however still not approaching his 2008 numbers. Over the next few seasons, Hamels was joined by fellow All-Star pitchers including Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, and Roy Oswalt and flourished with them, putting up some of his top career seasons before suffering from poor run support in 2013. With the decline of his aging teammates, the team missed the postseason for the next few years, but Hamels remained one of the Phillies' consistent stars. Hamels was traded to the Texas Rangers in 2015, and he subsequently sparked their run to the AL West title that season.  He spent parts of four seasons with the Rangers, including an All-Star season in 2016, before being traded to the Cubs in 2018.

1983 births
American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from California
Chicago Cubs players
Living people
National League All-Stars
Philadelphia Phillies players
Texas Rangers players

Cole Hamels


A Dhakai (Daccai), often considered as a type of sari (traditional cloth for women of Bengal) is a traditional attire of women in Bengal made with cotton. The name comes from the Dhaka (Dacca)city, capital of Bangladesh, where this type of fabric is usually made.

History
The unique hand technique of weaving was called jamdani in the old days, while the weave was called Dhakai. The sensitive weavers and artisans of this art form took inspirations for their weave designs from the life around them, from simple things such as a broken comb to things in the nature such as flora and fauna and traditional Bengali designs known as Alpana.

References

Bangladeshi clothing
Indian clothing
Saris

Dhakai


Lake Göygöl is the second largest lake in Azerbaijan. The lake has a length of 48 km and stretches to widths of up to 3 km across. It is named after a 14th-century Azerbaijani king, Huseyn Göygöl who ruled his kingdom and military forces just kilometres from the water, and used it as their main water source. Lake Göygöl is now known today as a secluded lake that regional people use for fishing and swimming.
The lake contains a heightened amount of calcium and oxohydroxide within the water. This has caused some local fish (The Fauna of Azerbaijani) to grow up to 4x their regular size.

Lakes of Azerbaijan

Lake Göygöl


Andrew Clark "Sandy" Herd (4 October 1903 – 1 December 1984) was a Scottish professional footballer.

A miner by trade, Herd started his senior career with Dundee, whom he joined from junior side Hearts of Beath, in 1923. He joined Dunfermline Athletic a year later, helping them to win the Division Two title in 1925–26. He was signed by Hearts in 1927 in a £250 transfer deal, with Colin Dand moving to Dunfermline as part of the agreement.

Herd spent ten seasons with the Tynecastle club, making 291 first team appearances in the process. Initially selected as a fullback, he switched to the left half position when Andy Anderson joined the club in 1929, and established himself in the latter role. His half-back combination with Alex Massie and John Johnston proved both durable and successful for Hearts, the trio proving a constant part of the side between 1930 and 1935, and eventually all three were clled up to the Scotland national team. Herd's sole cap was earned against Ireland in 1935, while he also made one appearance for the Scottish Football League XI, against the (English) Football League XI in 1934.

In 1936, Herd was awarded a joint testimonial match, alongside Northern Irish centre half Willie Reid. Chelsea provided the opposition and Andy Black scored Hearts' goal in a 1–1 draw in front of 8,500 spectators. By now 34, Herd's career was considered to be drawing to a close and he was allowed to leave for Second Division East Fife at the end of the 1936–37 season.

Herd was to an enjoy an Indian summer with the Methil side though, and in his first season with East Fife they remarkably reached the final of the Scottish Cup. Kilmarnock were their opponents at Hampden Park and the match was drawn 1–1 but Herd suffered an injury which would force him to miss the replay. His replacement John Harvey, loaned from Hearts for the occasion, helped the Fifers to a 4–2 victory, making them the first club from the Second Division to win the trophy. Although he missed the decisive match, Herd had played in every game of East Fife's cup run up to that point, notably scoring twice in their quarter-final defeat of Raith Rovers, and the club successfully petitioned the Scottish FA to allow him to receive a winner's medal.

Herd retired in 1939 and emigrated to Melbourne, Australia later that year. His younger brother Alec maintained the family's representation in the professional footballing ranks, playing for Manchester City and representing Scotland in several unofficial wartime internationals during World War II. Herd's nephew, Alec's son David, would also later represent Scotland.

References

1903 births
1984 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Dundee F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
East Fife F.C. players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Footballers from Fife
Place of death missing
Men's association football wing halves
Men's association football fullbacks
Hearts of Beath F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Scottish emigrants to Australia

Sandy Herd (footballer)


Columbus Marion Joiner, nicknamed Dad Joiner (March 12, 1860 – March 27, 1947), was an American oilman who at the age of seventy drilled the discovery well of the East Texas Oil Field of the 1930s.  Newspaper articles referred to Joiner as the Daddy of the Rusk County Oil Field.

Born in Lauderdale County, Alabama, Joiner's father was killed in 1864 during the American Civil War, and his mother died in 1868.  Joiner had only seven weeks of formal schooling. Tutored at home by his sister, he was taught to read using the Bible, their only book. He learned to write by copying text from the Book of Genesis.

Joiner left home in 1877, but returned in 1881 to marry and start a dry goods store in Muscle Shoals Canal.  In 1883, he entered into the practice of law in Tennessee and was from 1889 to 1891 a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives. He relocated in 1897 to Ardmore in the southern Oklahoma Territory, where he farmed and handled leases for the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, but lost all of his assets in the Panic of 1907.  Joiner and former druggist, physician, and amateur geologist A. D. Lloyd (his original name was Joseph Idelbert Durham) teamed up to drill two test wells, barely missing out on discovering the Seminole and Cement oil fields. Joiner then commuted to Rusk County from 1921 to 1925, before moving to Dallas, Texas, in 1925, where he focused on selling some of his Rusk County leases to recent widows.  On 11 August 1925, Joiner obtained a lease on widow Daisy Bradford's 975.5 acre farm, and moved to Rusk County proper in 1926.

In 1930, Joiner and Lloyd discovered the East Texas field, the largest petroleum deposit yet found at that time. Based in five counties, it was centered about western Rusk County. Yet, Joiner had oversold interest in all three wells he drilled on the Daisy Bradford farm, and later sold everything for $1.335 million to H. L. Hunt.

The town of Joinerville in western Rusk County is named in his honor.

The East Texas Oil Field

In 1927, A. D. "Doc" Lloyd convinced Joiner to drill for oil in East Texas, predicting a well would encounter the Woodbine at a depth of . Joiner mailed out a prospectus written by Lloyd to seek financing for his wildcatting.  After collecting enough financial backing, Joiner began drilling in Rusk County. Joiner and his crew drilled for three years beginning in 1927 with rusted, third-hand equipment. At one point, the Texas Company geologist Walter R. Smith visited and joked, "I'll drink every barrel of oil you get out of that hole."  Despite the opposition, Joiner was convinced of the possibility of oil in Rusk County.  Beginning in 1930, Joiner began to drill eight miles west of Henderson, Texas, on the farm of Daisy Bradford. Using a flimsy pine rig and battered tools, his first two wells were unsuccessful. Eventually, at 8 p.m. on October 3, 1930, the Daisy Bradford Number 3 struck oil. The ensuing gusher sent the area into a frenzy. Joiner was nicknamed "Dad" because he was the father of the oil strike.

References

External links

1860 births
1947 deaths
American petroleum geologists
American businesspeople in the oil industry
Wildcatters
Texas Oil Boom people
Businesspeople from Texas
Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Tennessee lawyers
People from Lauderdale County, Alabama
People from Ardmore, Oklahoma
People from Rusk County, Texas
Politicians from Dallas
19th-century American geologists
20th-century American geologists

Columbus Marion Joiner


Nishinomiya is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. It is in the Kansai region of Japan and has a population of 483,598.

It has been recognized as a core city since 2008.

History

The Great Hanshin Earthquake on January 17, 1995 killed 1,134 people in Nishinomiya and injring 6386 people. 34,181 buildings were completely destroyed with 27,116 buildings being partially destroyed. Nishinomiya had 194 evacuation spots with 44,351 evacuees.

Some famous places in Nishinomiya include Koshien Stadium, where the professional baseball team the Hanshin Tigers play, and Nishinomiya Gardens.

Sister Cities
Sister cities
U.S., Spokane, Washington September, 1961

Friendship cities
Brazil, Paraná, Londrina, May, 1977
China, Zhejiang, Shaoxing July, 1985
France District of Lot-et-Garonne and Agen, April, 1992
 U.S., Burlington, Vermont
 Aquitaine
 Japan, Kagoshima (formerly Naze), Amami, October, 1981
 Japan, Kochi, Yusuhara, March, 1991

Geography
 Location - Nishinomiya City is in Hyogo Prefecture. It lies on Osaka Bay between Kobe (to the West) and Osaka (to the East).
 Size - Area is 99.96km2
 Transport - There are excellent links to Kobe, Osaka and beyond with a choice of three separate train lines. The Bullet train, which connects to Tokyo, stops in nearby Kobe. Also, roads out of the city are good. Many people within the city travel by bicycle so there are large bicycle parking places especially near stations.
 The Land - most of Nishinomiya is on the flat plain in the south, however there are mountains in the north. The town has expanded up the mountains, so many houses are built on the slopes of these mountains with excellent views over the city below and even out over Osaka Bay.  One small mountain is called Kabuto-yama. This landmark, with its Japanese helmet shape, can be seen from most parts of the city. In the bay, artificial islands have been made on which industries, residential areas and a marina have been built. There is a small beach.

Economy
Nishinomiya is famous in Japan for its sake (rice wine) production. Other food production is the main industry. There are also docks for shipping.

Leisure and Culture
There are huge shopping centres that are very popular. The city is the home of the famous Hanshin Tigers baseball team who play at Koshien Stadium. The Tigers have won the Central League pennant five times (1962, 1964, 1985, 2003, 2005) and the Japan Series once (1985). In each of 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009, more than three million people attended games at their Nishinomiya stadium. There are many shrines, such as Nishinomiya Shrine, Hirota-jinja and Kannō-ji. A popular light novel, manga, and anime series 'The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya' is set in Nishinomiya.

References

Cities in Hyōgo Prefecture

Nishinomiya, Hyōgo