Carl August Nicholas Rosa (22 March 184230 April 1889) was a German-born musical impresario best remembered for founding an English opera company known as the Carl Rosa Opera Company.  He started his company in 1869 together with his wife, Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa, and popularised opera in Britain and America, performing standard repertory in English, as well as operas by English composers.

Early life and career

Rosa was born Karl August Nikolaus Rose in Hamburg, Germany, the son of Ludwig Rose, a Hamburg businessman, and Sophie Becker.  His father subsequently took him to Edinburgh. A child prodigy, Rosa toured in Scotland from age 12 to age 16, eventually earning glowing notices.  Beginning in 1859, he studied at the Conservatorium at Leipzig (where he met and became lifelong friends with Arthur Sullivan) and, in 1862, in Paris.

In 1863, Rosa was appointed Konzertmeister at Hamburg, where he had occasional opportunities to conduct.  Three years later he visited England, appearing as a soloist at the Crystal Palace.  He had considerable success as a conductor both in England and the United States.  He travelled to America in 1866 as a member of a concert troupe promoted by the Baltimore impresario Hezekiah Linthicum Bateman that also included the Scottish operatic soprano Euphrosyne Parepa.  During this tour, on 26 February 1867 in New York City, he married Parepa, who became known as Madame Parepa-Rosa.

In 1869, in collaboration with the Chicago impresario C. D. Hess, the couple formed the Parepa Rosa English Opera Company in New York and toured in America for three seasons, with Parepa as the star and Rosa as the conductor.  It brought grand opera to places in America that had never seen any, performing Italian operas in English, which made them more accessible to American audiences.  In 1872, the Rosas returned to England and also visited Europe and Egypt.  Rosa changed the spelling of his name after he moved to England, where people took "Rose" as a monosyllable.

Carl Rosa Opera Company

In 1873 Rosa and his wife started the Carl Rosa Opera Company (the change in name reflecting her pregnancy) with a performance of William Vincent Wallace's Maritana in Manchester on 1 September, and then toured England and Ireland. Rosa's policy was to present operas in English, and that remained the company's practice. That year, Rosa invited the dramatist W. S. Gilbert to write a libretto for Rosa to present as part of a planned 1874 season at the Drury Lane Theatre. Gilbert expanded one of the comic Bab Ballads that he had written for Fun magazine<ref>Gilbert, W. S. [http://www.gsarchive.net/bab_ballads/html/trial.html Trial by Jury: An Operetta"], 11 April 1868, accessed at The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, 20 May 2018</ref> into a one-act libretto titled Trial by Jury. Parepa died in January 1874; Rosa dropped the project and cancelled his planned 1874 season. Rosa later endowed a Parepa-Rosa scholarship at the Royal Academy of Music in London.  He married a second time in 1881. With his second wife, Josephine (d. 1927), he had four children.

The company's first London season opened at the Princess's Theatre in September 1875, playing The Marriage of Figaro, with Charles Santley as Figaro and Rose Hersee as Susanna.  In 1876, Rosa staged a second London season, which featured the first performance in English of The Flying Dutchman with Santley in the title role.  For the next fifteen years, under Rosa's guidance, the company prospered and earned good notices, with provincial tours and London seasons, frequently in conjunction with Augustus Harris at the Drury Lane Theatre.  Such was the success of the company that at one point three Carl Rosa touring troupes were set up.  Rosa hired Alberto Randegger as the musical director of the company from 1879 to 1885.  In 1880, George Grove wrote: "The careful way in which the pieces are put on the stage, the number of rehearsals, the eminence of the performers and the excellence of the performers have begun to bear their legitimate fruit, and the Carl Rosa Opera Company bids fair to become a permanent English institution."  In 1892, Rosa's Grand Opera Company gave a command performance of La fille du régiment at Balmoral Castle.

Rosa introduced many works of important opera repertoire to England for the first time, performing some 150 different operas over the years.  Besides Santley and Hersee, Minnie Hauk, Joseph Maas, Barton McGuckin and Giulia Warwick were some of the famous singers associated with the company during its early years.  Rosa also encouraged and supported new works by English composers. Frederic Hymen Cowen's Pauline (1876), Arthur Goring Thomas's Esmeralda (1883), Alexander Mackenzie's  Colomba (1883) and The Troubabour, and Charles Villiers Stanford's The Canterbury Pilgrims (1884) were commissioned by the company.  Earlier English operas by Wallace, Balfe and Julius Benedict were also included in the company's repertoire.  An obituarist noted, "He had long looked forward to the time when Sir Arthur Sullivan would have undertaken a grand opera, and to the last had hoped to have been able to produce such a work."  Shortly before his death, Rosa launched a light opera company that debuted with Robert Planquette's Paul Jones.

Rosa's legacy
Rosa died suddenly in Paris, on 30 April 1889, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery, London.  Rosa's place in English music was indicated by the number of leading musicians who attended his funeral, including Sullivan, Stanford, Mackenzie and George Grove, together with Richard D'Oyly Carte, George Edwardes and Augustus Harris.

By the time he died, Rosa had demonstrated that English opera could be an artistic and financial success.  In a memorial lecture, the critic Herman Klein said of him, "From an artistic point of view he achieved triumph after triumph; he lifted English opera out of the slough of despond in which it was found in 1875."  Both during his life and after his death, his company had much to do with popularizing opera in England, encouraging native composers and training many singers who went on to international careers.  His company survived his death and continued to perform opera in English until 1960.  A new opera company, using the name, was revived in 1997 under the artistic direction of Peter Mulloy.  This company performs Gilbert and Sullivan and other light operas, as well as grand opera.

Notes, references and sources

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading
Abraham, G. A Hundred Years of Music. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co., Ltd., 1964.
Raynor, H. Music in England. London: Hale, 1980.
Smith, C. "The Carl Rosa Opera", Tempo Magazine'', no. 36 (Summer, 1955), pp 26–28.

External links
Photos of the Rosas

Opera managers
Impresarios
People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan
1842 births
1889 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery

Carl Rosa


Antonio Gutiérrez de Otero y Santayana (8 May 1729 – 15 May 1799) was a Spanish Lieutenant general best known for repelling Admiral Nelson's attack on Santa Cruz de Tenerife in 1797.

Biography
He was born in Aranda de Duero, in Burgos, Old Castile, Spain. His father was in the military, and Gutiérrez followed his father's footsteps by enlisting as a cadet in the Spanish army at the age of seven.

He participated in Spanish military campaigns in Italy, the Falklands, Algiers, and in the 1779-1783 blockade of Gibraltar under General Martín Alvarez.  Gutiérrez also served as Commander of the island of Menorca.

He was named Commander-General of the Canary Islands in 1791, and assumed this position on 31 January 1791; his predecessor in the position had been the Marquis of Branciforte.

During the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1797), Gutiérrez was suffering from an attack of asthma, but he managed to defeat British forces under Horatio Nelson.  Gutiérrez allowed the British to leave with their arms and war honors.

As a result of this victory, Gutiérrez was granted the Encomienda of Esparragal in the Order of Alcántara (a system of endowments) by Charles IV of Spain.

Gutiérrez's health continued to suffer and he was afflicted by an attack of paralysis on 22 April 1799.  He died on 15 May that year at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and was buried in the chapel of Saint James the Great (Apóstol Santiago) in the parish of La Concepción de Santa Cruz de Santiago de Tenerife.

References

External links

 Biography of General Gutiérrez

Spanish generals
1729 births
1799 deaths
People from the Province of Burgos

Antonio Gutiérrez de Otero y Santayana


William Theodore Dwight (June 15, 1795 – October 22, 1865) was an American minister and member of the prominent Dwight family.

Dwight was the son of Rev. Timothy Dwight, President of Yale College, and Mary (Woolsey) Dwight.

He was born at Greenfield Hill, Connecticut, June 15, 1795.  He graduated from Yale College in 1813.  Four years after his graduation he became Tutor in the college, in which office he continued till 1819. He entered upon the study of law, and, having removed to Philadelphia in 1819, was admitted to the bar in that city, in the spring of 1821. For a period of about ten years he devoted himself to that profession, but at the end of this time his views of duty
led him to study theology.

He was licensed to preach in 1831, and after a short time was invited to supply the pulpit of the Third Congregational Church in Portland, Maine. He was ordained, and installed as pastor of that Church, June 6, 1832, and for thirty three years he continued to minister to the same people. The death of his wife, and his own impaired health
and advancing years, led him to resign his pastorate on May 4, 1864, and immediately after his resignation he removed to Andover, Massachusetts, to reside with his daughter, the wife of Professor Egbert C. Smyth, of the Andover Theological Seminary.

He died in Andover on October 22, 1865, aged 70 years.  Dr. Dwight was for many years previous to his death one of the most prominent and influential ministers in Maine, and was well known everywhere as an earnest supporter of all the institutions of Christian benevolence. He was for a long time a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College, from which institution he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1846. He was also one of the Board of Visitors of Andover Theological Seminary during a period of ten years or more, and held this office at the time of his death. He was the last survivor among the children of President Dwight, and resembled him in his appearance and manner, and in the character
of his preaching.

He was married, in October, 1831, to Eliza, daughter of Thomas Bradford, Esq, of Philadelphia, who died October 2,
1863.  Four children, two sons and two daughters, survived him.

1795 births
1865 deaths
People from Fairfield, Connecticut
Yale College alumni
Pennsylvania lawyers
American Congregationalist ministers
Woolsey family

William Theodore Dwight


Adaptive coordinate descent is an improvement of the coordinate descent algorithm to non-separable optimization by the use of adaptive encoding. The adaptive coordinate descent approach gradually builds a transformation of the coordinate system such that the new coordinates are as decorrelated as possible with respect to the objective function. The adaptive coordinate descent was shown to be competitive to the state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms and has the following invariance properties:
 Invariance with respect to monotonous transformations of the function (scaling)
 Invariance with respect to orthogonal transformations of the search space (rotation).

CMA-like Adaptive Encoding Update (b) mostly based on principal component analysis (a) is used to extend the coordinate descent method (c) to the optimization of non-separable problems (d).

The adaptation of an appropriate coordinate system allows adaptive coordinate descent to outperform coordinate descent on non-separable functions. The following figure illustrates the convergence of both algorithms on 2-dimensional Rosenbrock function up to a target function value , starting from the initial point .

The adaptive coordinate descent method reaches the target value after only 325 function evaluations (about 70 times faster than coordinate descent), that is comparable to gradient-based methods. The algorithm has linear time complexity if update coordinate system every D iterations, it is also suitable for large-scale (D>>100) non-linear optimization.

Relevant approaches

First approaches to optimization using adaptive coordinate system were proposed already in the 1960s (see, e.g., Rosenbrock's method). PRincipal Axis (PRAXIS) algorithm, also referred to as Brent's algorithm, is a derivative-free algorithm which assumes quadratic form of the optimized function and repeatedly updates a set of conjugate search directions.
The algorithm, however, is not invariant to scaling of the objective function and may fail under its certain rank-preserving transformations (e.g., will lead to a non-quadratic shape of the objective function). A recent analysis of PRAXIS can be found in
.
For practical applications see, where an adaptive coordinate descent approach with step-size adaptation and local coordinate system rotation was proposed
for robot-manipulator path planning in 3D space with static polygonal obstacles.

See also
 Coordinate descent
 CMA-ES
 Rosenbrock methods
 Mathematical optimization

References

External links
 SOURCE CODE ACD ACD is a MATLAB source code for Adaptive Coordinate Descent

Optimization algorithms and methods

Adaptive coordinate descent


Clarence Seaman Howell (2 April 1881, New York City – 27 October 1936) was an American chess master.

He took 4th at Buffalo 1901 (Harry Pillsbury won), and played in several cable matches USA vs. England (1901, 1902, 1903, 1907, 1908) and Brooklyn CC vs. Chicago CC (1905) and vs. Rice CC (1909). He won at Trenton Falls 1908 (quadrangular), won the New York State Chess Championship in 1909, and won ahead of Juan Corzo at Havana 1917 (triangular).

His name is attached to the Howell Attack in the Ruy Lopez, Open (1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. OO Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Qe2).

References

External links
 Chessgames.com
 Chessmetrics.com

1881 births
1936 deaths
American chess players
Sportspeople from New York City

Clarence Howell


In phonology and historical linguistics, feeding order of phonological rules refers to a situation in which the application of a rule A creates new contexts in which a rule B can apply; it would not have been possible for rule B to apply otherwise.

Suppose there are two rules.  Rule A takes in input x and returns output y.  Rule B takes in input y and returns input z. When rule B is applied to input x, it will return the same output (x). The following order is called a feeding order:
 A: x→y
 B: y→z

The opposite of feeding order, the situation in which rule A destroys a certain context so rule B can no longer apply, is called bleeding order.

Example

An example of feeding order can be seen in English.

Rule A is fortis stop insertion, which inserts voiceless plosives into consonant cluster codas consisting of nasals and voiceless fricatives.

A: ∅→[-son, -cont, -del rel, -voi, αplace] / [+nasal] _ [-son, +cont, -voi, αplace]

Rule B is preglottalization, which glottalizes voiceless stops in word-final codas. As a consequence of this rule, all voiceless plosives which make part of a word-final consonant cluster are glottalized.

B: [-son, -cont, -del rel, -voi] → [+constricted glottis]/ _ (C)#

In English, rule A precedes rule B. We can derive the surface form of prince by applying the rules to the underlying form  (x in the generalization above).  Using rule A,  becomes  (y in the generalization above); using rule B, which can now be applied as there is a voiceless stop in a word-final coda,  becomes .  Thus, the final output form of both rules is  (z in the generalization above).

Since rule A created a phonological context in which rule B could apply and because rule B could not apply without the application of rule A, the two rules are in feeding order; that is, rule A feeds rule B.

Counterfeeding order
If the order of rules which are in feeding order is reversed, this is said to be a counterfeeding order.

If we have two rules, rule A which looks like x → y and rule B which looks like y → z the following is a counterfeeding order:
 B: y→z
 A: x→y

An example of this can be seen in French, where petite nièce ("little niece") is pronounced . If the rule which deletes word-final  in French had been applied before another rule which deletes word-final consonants before another consonant, this would have been an example of feeding order and the "final output" form (surface form) would have been  instead.

A counter-feeding order very often creates phonological opacity. In the given case, it is the application of the rule deleting word-final consonants which has thus become opaque in French.

In historical linguistics, a sequence of rules in counterfeeding order is called a chain shift.  A chain shift can be presented graphically like the following:
 a→b→c→d
where only one rule can apply.  The result is that what was originally a becomes b, what was originally b becomes c, what was originally c becomes d, etc.  In essence, each sound "shifts" one position to the right.  A good example of such a chain shift occurred as part of the Great Vowel Shift, which took place historically in English starting around 1500 AD.  The long front vowels were raised one position, and the original high front vowel became a diphthong:

See also
Bleeding order
Markedness
Optimality theory

References

Gussenhoven, C. & Jacobs, H. (1998). Understanding Phonology. Arnold, Londen.
Jensen, J.T. (2004). Principles of Generative Phonology: An introduction.

Phonology
Sound changes

Feeding order


Duck! Rabbit, Duck! is a 1953 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Charles M. Jones. The cartoon was released on October 3, 1953 and stars Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd.

The cartoon is the third of Jones' "hunting trilogy", which began with 1951's Rabbit Fire and 1952's Rabbit Seasoning.

Plot
During winter, Daffy Duck is busy removing and burning every "Duck Season Open" sign he finds in order to warm himself and prevent himself from being hunted. Elmer is out hunting, and Daffy uses several signs to convince Elmer that it is rabbit season, making Elmer excited about "Fwesh wabbit stew!" just before Elmer follows a yellow line to Bugs' rabbit hole. Daffy lures Bugs Bunny out by asking for a cup of blackstrap molasses. Just as Bugs Bunny comes out of his rabbit hole, Elmer points the gun at him and declares that he got his "wabbit stew". However, Bugs is already prepared for Daffy's trick and attempts to convince Elmer not to shoot him because he is obviously an endangered species — a fricasseeing rabbit — and that Elmer does not have a license to shoot fricasseeing rabbits.

 This enrages Daffy, who attempts to convince Elmer that Bugs is actually trying to fool Elmer and orders Elmer to shoot Bugs, prompting Elmer to regretfully point out that he does not have the proper license. Exasperated, Daffy writes out the proper hunting license but has to ask Bugs how to spell "fricasseeing". Bugs spells it for him and adds "D-U-C-K" at the end. Oblivious to the trick, Daffy gives Elmer the "license" and Elmer obediently blasts Daffy. This leads into an extended routine in this short which has Bugs holding up various season signs to correspond with every figurative expression involving an animal which Daffy is called, either by himself or by Bugs in response (including "goat", "dirty skunk", "pigeon" and "mongoose"). Each presentation of the sign is accompanied by a brass fanfare of a fox hunting call, and is, of course, followed by a gunshot, after each shot, the irritated Daffy is forced to put his beak back in place.

At one point, Bugs builds a snow rabbit image of himself and when Elmer blasts it, Bugs Bunny appears disguised as an angel which Elmer believes, to Daffy's total disgust.

Bugs then puts on a duck disguise. Daffy (who has now instructed Elmer to "pay no more attention to no more signs, you're just gonna listen to me") sees him and says "Shoot the duck! Shoot the duck!" to which Elmer obliges by shooting the nearest duck — Daffy. Daffy finally goes completely insane, demanding "Shoot me again! I enjoy it! I love the smell of burnt feathers and gunpowder and cordite!" then holding up his fingers at the top of his head like the antlers of an elk and scuttling around sideways like a crab, shrieking that it is elk and fiddler crab season, respectively, and that Elmer should shoot him. The antics become truly confusing at the end when the now-totally bewildered Elmer encounters a game warden (actually Bugs in disguise) and begs him to tell Elmer what hunting season it really is, to which the "game warden" tells Elmer that it is baseball season while holding up a baseball.

Upon hearing this, Elmer loses his sanity and starts shooting at the baseball (which Bugs throws out a little bit in front of him) as he goes off into the distance. When he is gone, Bugs removes his disguise and asks Daffy what hunting season it really is. Daffy casually answers not to be naive; "everybody knows" that it is really duck season and ends up getting blasted by several hunters hiding behind rocks all at the same time. Devastated, Daffy reattaches his bill and weakly drags himself to Bugs who is eating a carrot, climbs up his uniform and remarks "You're despicable!" and Bugs gives one last look to the audience as the cartoon irises out.

Cast
 Mel Blanc as Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck
 Arthur Q. Bryan as Elmer Fudd

Reception
In a commentary by Eric Goldberg, he cites the short as his favorite in the hunting trilogy. Goldberg praises the setting, describing it as "Maurice Noble's beautiful snowscape", reasoning "it makes the action read that much cleaner". When discussing the whole hunting trilogy, Forrest Wickman at Slate states "The formula is simple, but what makes the cartoons classics are the small variations in execution." Wickman praises the various ways Daffy is shot.

Animation historian David Gerstein writes, "Duck! Rabbit, Duck! succeeds because the exaggeration of the villain role blends perfectly with the cartoon's exaggeration of Bugs, its exaggeration of Elmer — and its exaggeration of logic. Duck! Rabbit, Duck! is a cartoon that derives its entire mood from pushing gags past conventional Looney Tunes limits."

In popular culture
A small clip from this cartoon (specifically the scene where Daffy says to Elmer, "I'm an elk! Shoot me!") is briefly seen in the film Space Jam, right after the camera moves away from the clip from Muzzle Tough.

Home media
VHS: Warner Bros. Cartoons Golden Jubilee 24-Karat Collection: Bugs Bunny's Wacky Adventures, Lethal Weapon 3 (U.K. release only)
Laserdisc: Daffy Duck's Screen Classics: Duck Victory
DVD: Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3
DVD/Blu-ray: Looney Tunes Platinum Collection: Volume 2

References

External links

1953 films
1953 short films
1953 comedy films
1953 animated films
1950s Warner Bros. animated short films
Merrie Melodies short films
Films about hunters
Bugs Bunny films
Daffy Duck films
Elmer Fudd films
Fictional rivalries
Animated films set in forests
Short films directed by Chuck Jones
Films scored by Carl Stalling
Warner Bros. Cartoons animated short films
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
1950s English-language films

Duck! Rabbit, Duck!


Analomink is a section of Stroud Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.

History
The village of Spragueville was founded in 1848. It is approximately  northwest of Stroudsburg. It was known for the manufacturing of sprags (or spragues).  At the time, the wood sprags were widely used in coal mines to lock the wheels of mining cars to prevent rolling. The term sprag was also applied to the prop used to support the roof of a mine. It was from the local production of sprags that the village's name is believed to have evolved. About a year after the founding of Spragueville, the post office reportedly began operations, presumably with the Analomink name.

Nearby were Analomink Creek (known today as the Brodhead Creek) and Analomink Waterfalls, more recently known as the Penn Hills falls.

Throughout the years, the name Analomink (meaning "tumbling water" in the local American Indian language) was associated with the village of Spragueville, but a town with two names caused confusion. At this time, the village was a stop on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). In 1901, residents sought to change the name of their village to conform with the name of its post office. It took about five years to have the town's identifier changed to Analomink. Spragueville was used unofficially for a time after the transition.

See also
Analomink (NJT station)

References

Unincorporated communities in Monroe County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania

Analomink, Pennsylvania


Janjgir–Champa district is a district in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. The district headquarters of the district Janjgir–Champa, Janjgir, is the city of Maharaja Jajawalya Dev of the Kalachuri dynasty. Earlier a part of the Bilaspur district, Jangir was carved out in 1998 to a separate district of its own, and ran to a political controversy about the name of the freshly minted district, which it carries to date as the name "Janjgir–Champa". Inhabitants are generally migrants from nearby villages.

The present collector of Janjgir-Champa is Shri Jitendra Kumar Shukla.

History
The Janjgir–Champa district, which is best known as the heart of Chhattisgarh because of its central location in state, was established on 25 May 1998. The Vishnu Mandir of the district reflects its golden past. Janjgir- Champa is also a place where one can find a number of temples having very versatile history.

Geography
The district is located in the central area of Chhattisgarh. It is bordered on the east by Sakti district, on the north by Korba district, on the west by Bilaspur district and on the south by Baloda Bazar district. The Hasdeo–Bango project has been considered as life supporting canal for this district. Under this project 3/4 area of the district will be covered for irrigation. The district headquarters of Janjgir–Champa is Janjgir, which is situated on National Highway 49. Janjgir is  from Bilaspur and  from State capital Raipur through the rail route.

Administrative divisions
Janjgir–Champa district is divided into three subdivisions: Champa, Janjgir and Pamgarh.

There are nine tehsils in Janjgir-Champa: Akaltara, Baloda, Champa, Janjgir, Nawagarh, Pamgarh, Shivrinarayan, Bamhanidih, Saragaon.

There are five blocks/janpad panchayats: Akaltara, Baloda, Bamhindih, Nawagarh and Pamgarh.

Economy

Janjgir–Champa district is one of the fastest growing district of India, as 52 power plants are being opened in the district. Janjgir is going to become the "power hub" of the country, which will supply 15 to 20 thousand megawatt electricity. KSK Energy Venture (6 x 600 MW) which is 2nd biggest private thermal power plant of Asia, is one of the major thermal power plant of the district.

Janjgir–Champa district is a major producer of food grains in the state. It is a major hub for agricultural trade and a major local market for fresh farm supplies and the district is also famous for limestone.

Cottage industries such as Kosa sarees (Silk), Kansa (Bronze Utensils) & Kanchan (Gold Jewelry) trading and manufacturing work have been done from ancient times.

Transport

Railway
District headquarters Janjgir is connected with Rail Line of South-Eastern Central Railway. It is situated on Howrah—Mumbai main line. State capital Raipur is  from Janjgir through rail route. The main railway stations of district Janjgir–Champa are Champa, Janjgir-Naila, Akaltara. The railway station of Janjgir is called Janjgir-Naila after the part of the town in which it is located. Where as Champa JN is A-category Station.

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Janjgir–Champa has a population of 1,619,707, roughly equal to the nation of Guinea-Bissau or the US state of Idaho. This gives it a ranking of 308th in India (out of a total of 640).  The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was  23.01%. Janjgir–Champa has a sex ratio of 991 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.7%.

After bifurcation, the district had a population of 966,671, of which 163,553 (16.92%) live in urban areas. Janjgir-Champa has a sex ratio of 973 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 249,522 (25.81%) and 82,900 (8.58%) of the population respectively.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 94.16% of the population in the district spoke Chhattisgarhi and 4.30% Hindi as their first language.

Culture

One of the most popular religious sites in the district is Shivarinarayan. According to tradition, it was here where Shabari had her ashram. According to the Ramayana, during his exile, Rama encountered Sabari and ate the little food which she could offer him.

Janjgir has been the residence of Annie Funk, a Christian Missionary who lost her life in Titanic. Her house still lies deserted in the city and people often visit the ruins of her house. Further, the Nahariya Baba Temple, a temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman has always been a place of interest for the tourists. Manka Devi Mandir of Khokhra is also a peaceful and nice place of district located between two big ponds. Major tourist places and religious pilgrims are Madanpurgarh, Rishabhtirth, and Vishnu Temple(Janjgir), Shivarinarayan,  Pithampur (Kaleshwarnath Temple), Chandrapur (Chandrahasini Temple and Mahanadi river), Adbhar (Ashtabhuji Temple), Samleshwari Temple (Champa). Lord Hanuman Temple (Mehandi) and Kharod (Laxmenshwar temple).

References

External links
 Janjgir Facebook
 Official website
 Janjgir website
 Map of Janjgir

Districts of Chhattisgarh

1998 establishments in Madhya Pradesh

Janjgir–Champa district


Central Foundation Girls' School is a voluntary-aided comprehensive girls' school in Bow, London, England, for 11- to 18-year-olds.

It is the sister school to Central Foundation Boys' School in Islington. Both schools are beneficiaries of the charity Central Foundation Schools of London, which in turn is a beneficiary of The Dulwich Estate, successor to the historic College of God's Gift charity.

The school's origins can be traced back to the founding of Bishopsgate Ward School in the school's origins can be traced back to the founding of Bishopsgate Ward School in St Botolph-without-Bishopsgate in 1726.  The school moved to various locations including Fanmakers' Hall, St. Botolph's churchyard and other buildings around the location of the present Liverpool Street railway station. In 1891 the Central Foundation Schools of London was established to support the boys' school in Cowper Street and the girls' school in Spital Square.  Both schools prior to the 1945 Education Act were fee-charging, as were most selective grammar schools at that time.  The school was a state grammar school until 1975 when it became comprehensive and at the same time relocated from Spital Square to Bow.

In 2011 Ofsted rated the school 'good', with many outstanding features.  The inspectors particularly liked the harmonious community and positive ethos.  Students were praised for their courteous and respectful behaviour and keen attitudes to learning. Inspectors also praised the Parents' Forum and range of classes for parents. Sixth form students were found to have a sense of self-direction and ambition and received good support and guidance with university applications. The inspectors also praised the headteacher for her inspirational leadership. The 2016 and 2021 inspections maintained the status of 'good'.

Notable former pupils
 Kia Abdullah, author and journalist, attended the school from 1992-1998

See also
List of schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

References

External links

Girls' schools in London
Secondary schools in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Voluntary aided schools in London
Bow, London

Central Foundation Girls' School


Cameron Paul Lillicrap (born 19 April 1963) is a former international rugby union player.

Lillicrap was born in Brisbane.  He played prop and was capped seven times for Australia between 1985 and 1991. He was part of the 1984 Wallabies Grand Slam Tour squad and played for Australia at two Rugby World Cups – the inaugural tournament in 1987 and as part of the victorious Wallabies squad in 1991. In 1999 he was named in the Queensland Team of the Century. He represented Queensland from 1984 to 1994.

He retired from playing in 1994 and started his career as a professional physiotherapist in 1996.

In his two decades in the industry, Lillicrap has worked as both the Queensland (1996-2001, 2007–2008) and Wallabies (1997-2006) physiotherapist, before shifting his focus to private practice in 2007.

References

1963 births
Living people
Rugby union players from Brisbane
Australian rugby union players
Rugby union props
Australia international rugby union players
1987 Rugby World Cup players
1991 Rugby World Cup players

Cameron Lillicrap


The Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN) is a Finnish institute carrying out several roles in support of chemical weapons disarmament.

Established in 1994 as a continuation of a research project started in 1973, it is located within the Chemistry Department of the Kumpula Campus of the University of Helsinki.

Funded by the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, its main task is to develop improved methods of verification of chemical weapons disarmament. The particular approach adopted is to refine analytical chemical techniques for identifying traces of chemical weapons, their precursors and their degradation products.

The institute is the National Authority for Finland under the Chemical Weapons Convention, carrying out many of the tasks required by the treaty such as preparing the Finnish Government declarations to the OPCW of inventories of controlled substances and escorting OPCW inspections of Finnish chemical production facilities. It is also one of the 18 OPCW designated laboratories worldwide for performing chemical weapons verification tests, a role it has performed since 1998.

The institute also runs several courses on chemical weapons verification for chemists from developing countries.

In 2014 VERIFIN was awarded The OPCW-The Hague Award in recognition of its outstanding leadership in the development of advanced verification methods for use in the detection and identification of chemical weapons and their components.

References

Chemical weapons demilitarization
Organizations established in 1994
Organisations based in Helsinki


Jessie Barr (born 24 July 1989 in Waterford, Ireland) is an Irish athlete who competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Early life
Jessie is from Dunmore East in Waterford and she attended the local girls primary school, the Light of Christ National School. She also attended the Ursuline Convent (St Angela's School), Waterford. Her parents are Thomas and Martina Barr. She has a sister Becky and she is the older sister of hurdler Thomas Barr.

Career
She currently lives in Limerick. She competed for Ireland in the London Olympics. In the 400 metres hurdles she has also been a European Athletics Championship Finalist, a World University Games Finalist and she is the Irish U23 Record holder.

She was forced to lay off her training in 2014 following a stress fracture to her foot so she finished her Masters in Sports Psychology at the University of the West of England. She moved back to her training group in Limerick, Ireland in September 2014 and started her PhD in Sport Psychology.

References

External links
IAAF Profile

1989 births
Living people
Olympic athletes for Ireland
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes from the Republic of Ireland
Sportspeople from Waterford (city)
Irish female sprinters
Olympic female sprinters
Athletes from County Waterford

Jessie Barr


Wang Baoshan (; born on April 13, 1963) is a Chinese former international football player. As a player he represented Shaanxi Province before being one of the first Chinese players who went to Japan when he joined Otsuka Pharmaceutical. Internationally he played for the Chinese national team at the 1988 AFC Asian Cup

Playing career
While Wang Baoshan was born in Pingyi, Shandong his family would move to Baoji in Shaanxi to see him graduate to the senior team of the Shaanxi Province football club by the 1980 Chinese league season. Unfortunately for Wang in his debut season he was part of the squad that came bottom of the league and his club were relegated at the end of the campaign. His time within the second tier would see him establish himself within the team and by the 1985 league season he would help aid Shaanxi win promotion back into the top tier, which soon caught the attention of the Chinese national team. With the national team he would play within the 1988 AFC Asian Cup and was part of the team that came fourth within the tournament. When he returned to club football he would move to Japan and joined Otsuka Pharmaceutical before he retired.

International goals

Management career
Wang Baoshan got his break in club management with second-tier football club Foshan Fosti in the 1995 league season and helped guide the club to a fifth-place finish. For the next several seasons he would guide the club to mid-table mediocrity until the club were taken over by Xiamen Yuanhua at the beginning of the 1998 league season and was subsequently released by the club. Wang wouldn't have to wait long for a new job and would take on the position of general manager for another second-tier club Yunnan Hongta, however he would quickly also serve as the club's manager for one season before he would settle on becoming the team's youth team manager for the next two seasons. His work with the youth team would quickly draw the attentions of the China U-20 team and he would lead them into the 2002 AFC Youth Championship where the team finished in a disappointing sixth-place finish. After the tournament the Chinese Football Association would decide not to renew his contract and Wang would join another second-tier football club Guangdong Xiongying in the 2003 league season and guide the team to a mid-table position. The following season saw the club decide to move to Shenzhen and rename themselves Shenzhen Kejian, Wang would again guide the club to another mid-table position, however the club was severely in debt and dissolved at the end of the 2004 league season.

Wang would join another second-tier football club in Jiangsu Sainty, however his time with them only lasted one season when he was unable to win promotion with the club. In November 2005 Wang would receive his first attempt at the top tier when he was offered the management post at Shenzhen Jianlibao and led them into the 2006 league season. His time at the club was not very successful, he had lost the respect of the players and was floating above relegation also the club were in debt and could not afford to be relegated, which saw in September 2006 Wang being sacked as the team's manager and replaced by Xie Feng for the rest of the season. Wang would take a step back from being a Head coach and take on the assistant management position with the Chinese national team where he worked under Vladimir Petrović. The Chinese Football Association would sack Petrović in June 2008 which saw the National team without a Head coach to lead them into important 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification matches, being the only assistant with top flight management experience there were rumours that Wang would lead the national team on at least a short-term basis, however the Chinese FA decided to bring in experienced coach Yin Tiesheng in instead. Strangely enough in July 2008 after being sacked from Shenzhen Jianlibao the club took him back but this time as a technical advisor.

In May 2009 the Head coach position at top-tier club Chengdu Blades became available after their previous manager Li Bing resigned, under Wang results would improve throughout the season and he would go on to lead the team onto a respectable seventh-place finish. Despite this achievement Chengdu Blades were relegated to the second tier before the start of the 2010 league season for match fixing after it was discovered the club had fixed a match several years ago. Wang decided to stay loyal towards the club and remained as manager to aid the club win immediate promotion back into the top tier at the end of the 2010 league season. Despite this achievement the club decided that they needed a new manager and brought in Lawrie McKinna for the start of the 2011 Chinese Super League season. After over a year out of management Chengdu Blades who had fallen back into the second tier asked for Wang's help half-way through the 2012 China League One season after the previous manager Niu Hongli had resigned.

In 2013, Wang became the head coach of Chongqing Lifan.

On 27 September 2018, Henan Jianye signed Wang to replace Chang Woe-ryong.

On 20 January 2022, Wang was named as the manager of Shaanxi Chang'an Athletic.

Managerial statistics

|}
Note: win or lose by penalty shoot-out is counted as the draw in time.

References

External links
Profile at Sodasoccer.com

1963 births
Living people
People from Linyi
Chinese football managers
Chinese men's footballers
Footballers from Shandong
China men's international footballers
Chinese expatriate men's footballers
Tokushima Vortis players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
1988 AFC Asian Cup players
Olympic footballers for China
Jiangsu F.C. managers
Shenzhen F.C. managers
Chongqing Liangjiang Athletic F.C. managers
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C. managers
Beijing Chengfeng F.C. managers
Henan F.C. managers
Footballers at the 1990 Asian Games
Men's association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for China
Chinese Super League managers

Wang Baoshan


Filter is an American rock band formed in 1993 in Cleveland, Ohio, by singer Richard Patrick and guitarist and programmer Brian Liesegang. The band was formed when Patrick desired to start his own band after leaving Nine Inch Nails as their touring guitarist. Their debut album Short Bus was released in 1995 and ended up going platinum, largely due to the success of the single "Hey Man Nice Shot". After the album, the band would go through the first of many lineup changes, leaving Patrick as the only consistent member across all releases.

After Liesegang's departure in 1997, Patrick recorded a follow-up album with the Short Bus touring band members, who became full-time members thereafter. The resulting effort, 1999's Title of Record, also went platinum driven by the success of the song "Take a Picture". A third album, The Amalgamut, was released in 2002 with the same members, though sales stalled with Patrick checking into rehab after years of heavy alcohol and drug abuse just as touring for the album had begun. The band went into hiatus while Patrick went to rehab, and then formed a new band, Army of Anyone, which released one self-titled album. After Army of Anyone went into hiatus, Patrick returned to Filter, releasing Anthems for the Damned in 2008, The Trouble with Angels in 2010, and The Sun Comes Out Tonight in 2013 with a revolving door of different musicians. A seventh studio album, Crazy Eyes, recorded with Patrick and another entirely new lineup, was released on April 8, 2016. In 2018, Brian Liesegang returned to Filter to work on a new album, reBus that was meant to musically be the follow-up to Short Bus. Due to the PledgeMusic bankruptcy, reBus was shelved and Patrick commenced on recording The Algorithm, which was released in August 2023.

History

Short Bus (1993–1998)
Richard Patrick played guitar with Nine Inch Nails during the touring for Pretty Hate Machine and in the music videos for Broken; he left the band while Trent Reznor was recording The Downward Spiral and began a new recording project with Brian Liesegang. Dubbing themselves Filter, they signed to Reprise Records in 1994 and recorded their first album, Short Bus, which was released in the following year. The album was commercially successful, and included the hit single "Hey Man Nice Shot". This song was somewhat controversial, as it was seen as capitalizing on the public suicide of Budd Dwyer. Kurt Cobain's suicide was widely rumored to have inspired the song, but the band denied this. The first single "Hey Man Nice Shot" was also included in the soundtrack for the movie Tales from the Crypt: Demon Knight in 1995 before Short Bus was released. In need of a live band to tour the album, Patrick and Liesegang recruited Geno Lenardo on guitar, Frank Cavanagh on bass, and Matt Walker on drums. They would all later be featured in the video for the album's second single, "Dose".

Between Filter's first and second albums, the band became known for their soundtrack contributions, The first of these tracks, "Thanks Bro", landed on the Songs in the Key of X: Music from and Inspired by the X-Files album. In 1996, Filter recorded and filmed the video for the song "Jurassitol", for The Crow: City of Angels soundtrack. They also released the home video Phenomenology in 1996, which showcased some of the band's live performances and music videos, as well as an interview with Patrick and Liesegang filmed in New Mexico.

Liesegang left in 1997 shortly after recording the Filter/Crystal Method collaboration "(Can't You) Trip Like I Do" for the Spawn movie soundtrack, due to creative differences with Patrick. In 1998, for The X-Files film soundtrack, Patrick decided to keep the Filter name and recorded a cover of Harry Nilsson's "One".

Title of Record (1999–2001)
Patrick continued with 1999's Title of Record with returning members Lenardo and Cavanagh, as well as Steve Gillis on drums, filling in the gap left by Walker after he left to work with The Smashing Pumpkins. Title of Record moved away from industrial rock somewhat, and resulted in the band's biggest hit, the mellow ballad "Take a Picture", along with other lesser-heard singles "Welcome to the Fold" and "The Best Things". The song "Take a Picture" is about a dispute on an aircraft, when Richard Patrick drunkenly stripped down to his boxers, alarming the other passengers. "Miss Blue" is said to have been about Smashing Pumpkins bassist D'arcy Wretzky. She can be heard on the songs "Cancer", and "Take a Picture".

The Amalgamut (2002)
2002 saw the release of The Amalgamut, featuring the singles "Where Do We Go from Here?" and "American Cliché". "The Only Way (Is the Wrong Way)" was also featured in the first wave of the Hummer H2 commercials that year and in the 2003 movie Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life. Alan Bailey was recruited for live guitar when they set off to tour the album; however, the tour ended abruptly in a matter of weeks when Richard Patrick voluntarily checked himself into rehab. He has since tattooed his date of sobriety, September 28, 2002, on his forearm. Lenardo, Gillis and Cavanagh all left the group at this time.

Hiatus and side projects (2003–2007)
Richard Patrick was part of the supergroup The Damning Well, which has only released one track on the Underworld movie soundtrack in 2003. While rumors sparked that an entire album's worth of material was produced, Patrick later denied this in an interview, stating the bits and pieces of other rough tracks mostly wound up in Black Light Burns, save for the track "In Dreams" on the then upcoming Filter album Anthems for the Damned.

Army of Anyone, a second supergroup side project with drummer Ray Luzier and Stone Temple Pilots members Robert and Dean DeLeo, released its debut album on November 14, 2006. However, lack of sales of the album coupled with Richard Patrick's desire to do more work with Filter, led the band breaking up around mid-2007.

Anthems for the Damned (2007–2009)

As Army of Anyone wound down, Patrick began working on material for a new Filter album, to eventually be titled Anthems for the Damned. Released to the public in May 2008, it was more serious in tone than some expected and expresses more of his mixed emotions regarding the state of the world and the state of his life.

On March 7, 2008, it was announced that Frank Cavanagh had reunited with Filter and would play as a live member at the operation Myspace concert in Kuwait. It was confirmed at Operation MySpace that he would not be joining Filter on the full tour as he would be shipping off to Iraq in April. The only song played live during the performance of March 10 by Cavanagh, now a Sergeant and Paralegal in the U.S. Army Reserve, was the band's first mainstream hit, "Hey, Man, Nice Shot".

Patrick also announced a remix album to Anthems for the Damned on November 4, titled Remixes for the Damned. Remixes for the Damned was released on November 21, 2008 in the U.S. and Canada. The remix album was released internationally on December 1, 2008. The lead-off single was "I Keep Flowers Around (Love's Labour's Lost)".

A greatest hits album entitled The Very Best Things (1995–2008) was released March 31, 2009. It featured tracks from all four previous studio albums and various movie soundtrack contributions, but no new content. There are 14 tracks total, with some tracks being radio edits.

The Trouble with Angels (2009–2011)
Filter started working on a fifth album shortly after the release of the remix and greatest hits albums, with Bob Marlette as a producer. The album, as said by Richard Patrick, would be a lot heavier than Anthems for the Damned and is to have a song written for the Amalgamut on it. He also stated he would be moving away from the political lyrical content present in Anthems for the Damned. When asked about the direction of his upcoming music style in an interview with Suicide Girls on September 13, 2008, Patrick said, "Actually the stuff I'm writing right now for a record that I'm going to release sometime next year is actually way more heavy industrial, more electronic. There's probably not going to be that many live drums on it."

Richard Patrick has stated on the Filter website that he has been recording songs for movies recently. Filter covered the song "Happy Together" by The Turtles for the soundtrack to the movie The Stepfather (2009). The song features ambient sound with alternative metal. It was used in a promo for the seventh season of Criminal Minds and also a trailer for Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby (2013).

Filter also contributed a new song "Fades Like a Photograph" for the soundtrack of the movie 2012 (2009). The song saw Patrick reuniting with former Filter co-conspirator, Brian Liesegang, who co-produced the track.

Through the end of 2009 and into 2010, Filter released a series of fourteen studio updates chronicling the progress made on the album. Each update touched on a certain part of the album process, such as "recording guitar parts" or "mixing the album". The last studio updates confirmed that the album recording had been completed. In their last studio video update, Richard Patrick showcased two clips from final mixed songs on iTunes that listed track listing and track lengths. While the video was legitimate, it was not the actual final track list, it was only a collection of new Filter songs on a playlist.

Filter released "The Inevitable Relapse", as their first single on May 26. The song was made available on the band's official website as a free digital download. The Trouble with Angels was released on August 17, 2010 on the Rocket Science Ventures record label.

After the album's release, the band also released a cover of ZZ Top's hit single "Gimme All Your Lovin'" which appears on the compilation ZZ Top: A Tribute from Friends.

The Sun Comes Out Tonight (2012–2013)

Patrick and Jonathan Radtke entered the studio with producer Bob Marlette in April 2012 to work on the sixth Filter studio album, titled The Sun Comes Out Tonight. The first single off the new album, "What Do You Say", was released on April 2, 2013. A track entitled "We Hate It When You Get What You Want" was available on the band's official site as a free download (for a limited time). The official track listing for the album was released on March 18, 2013. The album was released on June 4, 2013. Phil Buckman announced that he has left Filter on October 1, 2013 after finishing a tour in support of Stone Temple Pilots. Tim Kelleher, former bassist for Thirty Seconds to Mars joined Filter in October 2013.

Crazy Eyes (2014–2017)
In August 2014, Patrick announced his intention to work on a seventh studio album in late 2014. Later revealed to be titled Crazy Eyes, he aimed to keep recording time short, with the goal of releasing the album in 2015. Patrick states that he plans on writing again with Radtke, and this time also with touring members Hayden Scott and Tim Kelleher. On June 8, 2014, Patrick announced via Facebook that former guitarist Geno Lenardo has been extended an invitation to write music with the band. Patrick later commented that he was unsure if Lenardo would be able to commit to the formal recording sessions or not. Patrick later announced that he would be collaborating again with Liesegang, with whom he created Short Bus, and producer Ben Grosse, who produced Title of Record and The Amalgamut. Patrick also confirmed that the band would be in the studio in February 2015, and would then go on tour with Coal Chamber through March and April.

For some of album's recording sessions for the album, the band announced the ability to watch to livestream half-hour or hour intervals of the band in the studio, costing $175 for a half-hour, or $300 for a full hour.

On March 4, 2015, Radtke announced he had left the band to pursue other musical interests. Shortly after, Filter's Facebook page updated its members, indicating that an entirely new touring lineup would support Patrick, including Oumi Kapila, Ashley Dzerigian, and Chris Reeve.

On March 30, Filter launched a five-month campaign with PledgeMusic, offering fans the opportunity to have exclusive insights into the writing and recording of the new record. In a video update posted on PledgeMusic on December 4, Richard Patrick revealed the album is complete and is titled Crazy Eyes.

On December 18, Filter stated via Facebook that the album would be released on April 8, 2016.

The Algorithm (2018–present)

In early 2018, original member Brian Liesegang returned to Filter after 21 years and started working with Patrick on the band's 8th studio album. The latter mentioned that "Brian and I are making the official follow-up to Short Bus (maybe), called Re-Bus." Liesegang offered an official statement regarding the project: "We are gearing up for official reboot of initial Filter. Working right at this instant together on lyrics. We have fun afternoons and focusing the loud and the pretty noise maelstrom. Gonna be a full length, and its hard or maybe not right to call it a sequel, as it's not so much that in that it is just a return to a certain approach and philosophy. Whatever. Not gonna overthink it, just do it. We'll figure that all out later... In the middle of it now."

In October 2018, the duo launched a PledgeMusic campaign to raise funds for production of the new album, tentatively titled ReBus. On July 18, 2019, Richard Patrick announced via Filter's Facebook that he and Liesegang would not release ReBus due to PledgeMusic's bankruptcy. Instead, Patrick announced he will focus on the twentieth anniversary re-release of Title of Record while he works on a new album, tentatively titled They've Got Us Right Where They Want Us, At Each Other's Throats with Radtke, who returned to the band.

On June 18, 2020, Filter debuted a music video on YouTube for the track "Thoughts and Prayers". Patrick had also stated in a story video on his Facebook the day before while promoting the release of the new single that the new working title for the upcoming album is Murica. The title track was released as a follow-up single on October 29, 2020.

A new single, "For the Beaten," was released on October 14, 2022. Patrick stated this was the first single for the new album coming in Spring 2023 on Golden Robot Records, that the album's title has reverted back to They've Got Us Right Where They Want Us, At Each Other's Throats, and that the two 2020 singles "Thoughts and Prayers" and "Murica" are not on the upcoming album.

On May 5, 2023, Filter released a second single, "Face Down," for the once again retitled album, The Algorithm, due out in August 25, 2023. A third single, "Obliteration", was released on July 14, 2023.

In the fall of 2023, Filter, along with Ministry, opened the Freaks on Parade tour, headlined by Alice Cooper and Rob Zombie. The tour spanned one month, lasting from August 24, 2023 until September 24, 2023, visiting 19 venues across the United States and Canada.

Musical style and influences
Filter's sound has been described as industrial rock, post-grunge, industrial metal, alternative rock, hard rock, electronic rock, alternative metal, nu metal, grunge, and pop rock. The band's debut, Short Bus, melded grunge with mainstream industrial music; music critic Greg Kot remarked that the record "finds a middle ground between grunge's world-weary sense of melody and industrial rock's icy steel-pulse rhythms." The record's heavy use of drum machine was influenced by the sounds of Ministry and Big Black; Patrick's other influences during Filter's early career included Pantera, Skinny Puppy, Butthole Surfers, Helmet, Soundgarden and Deftones, as well as the drop D tuning. Liesegang parted ways with the band after Short Bus due to creative differences; he has sought to incorporate more electronic sounds while Patrick opted for a heavier, guitar-oriented direction. The band's second full-length album, Title of Record, incorporated more diverse elements and sounds, drawing from folk, worldbeat and psychedelia in addition to industrial and grunge. The Amalgamut marked a continuation of the sound of its predecessor with juxtaposing softer and heavier tracks, while 2008's Anthems for the Damned featured the band's trademark sound of "heavy rock" with "equal parts of grunge, industrial, and '80s rock". 2013's The Sun Comes Out Tonight introduced an update to Filter's sound with newly introduced harmonies and electronic elements. 2016's Crazy Eyes marked a sharper return to the industrial sound with Patrick's rediscovery of his appreciation for industrial acts such as Skinny Puppy and Ministry, as well as modern electronic artists such as deadmau5; he has referred to the sound on the record as "new industrial".

Members
Current members

Former members

Former live and session musicians

Timeline

Discography

Short Bus (1995)
Title of Record (1999)
The Amalgamut (2002)
Anthems for the Damned (2008)
The Trouble with Angels (2010)
The Sun Comes Out Tonight (2013)
Crazy Eyes (2016)
The Algorithm (2023)

See also
List of alternative music artists
List of number-one dance hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

References

External links

1993 establishments in Ohio
American alternative metal musical groups
American hard rock musical groups
American industrial metal musical groups
American industrial rock musical groups
Alternative rock groups from Ohio
Musical groups established in 1993
Musical groups reestablished in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2003
Musical groups from Cleveland
Musical groups from Illinois
American musical quartets
Nine Inch Nails
Trent Reznor
Warner Music Group artists
Wind-up Records artists

Filter (band)


Lawrence H. Siegel (October 29, 1925 – August 20, 2019) was an American comedy writer and satirist who wrote for television, stage, magazines, records, and books. He won three Emmys as Head Writer during four seasons of The Carol Burnett Show along with one Writers Guild award and a dozen Emmy and Writers Guild nominations for his work in television comedy on shows like Burnett and Laugh-In.  He was one of Mad Magazine's top movie satire writers, and a member of the  "usual gang of idiots" for almost 33 years as well as one of the earliest humor and satire writers for Playboy. He was also a WWII Veteran, and the only American comedy writer to have ever both won an Emmy and received a Purple Heart.

Early life
Siegel was born in New York City on October 29, 1925, to a family of Jewish descent. His first published work was a poem, Oh Dear What Can Sinatra Be?, which tweaked both the singer and his bobbysoxer fans, and ran in Earl Wilson's syndicated newspaper column in 1943. The verse read in part:
A quivering lip
Blaring lovesick rhyme,
Her insides flip in double time.

A slender frame with sagging knees
Yet garnering fame with uncanny ease
The stricken dame pants the breeze.

Eyes of blue, two hands alike
Stretching forth true
Lovingly to strike
Close to you?  No, his mike.

At the age of 18, Siegel was drafted into the Army soon after his contribution to Wilson's column.  In early 1944, after concluding infantry basic training in Georgia, he volunteered for additional stateside training with the 10th Mountain Division. The 10th landed in Naples, Italy for battle in January 1945. Siegel became an Army Rifleman and decorated war hero who received a Purple Heart, Bronze Star Medal, American Theater Ribbon, EAME Theater Ribbon with two Bronze Stars, Victory Medal, Combat Infantry Badge, and a Good Conduct ribbon.

After the war ended, Siegel enrolled at the University of Illinois on the G.I. Bill. He wrote for the school humor magazine, Shaft, for two years. He became editor of the publication when his predecessor, Hugh Hefner, graduated, a college connection that would influence his future comedy career. While at college, Siegel had stories published in Fantasy and Science Fiction and American Legion Magazine. Siegel graduated and returned to his family in New York in 1950.

In 1955, while on vacation in Nantucket, Siegel fell in love with Helen Hartman, an aide in the office of United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld in New York.  He proposed on their first date and they were married until Siegel's death.

Career

New York
In the late 1950s, Hugh Hefner would enter his life once again when Siegel found work as Eastern Promotion Manager for Chicago-based Playboy. Siegel started writing humorous articles and satirical pieces for Playboy, Humbug and Mad Magazine.  He wrote nearly 300 articles for the latter, which appeared in more than 150 issues.  Siegel's output for Mad included nearly 80 movie and television parodies, including "The Oddfather," "Balmy and Clod" and "Flawrence of Arabia" as well as a dozen "primers," and several imaginary magazine parodies on topics ranging from medicine, to 1960s protesters, to "gun nuts."  Siegel also wrote song parodies, including several of those in the Mad special issue which ultimately provoked a failed lawsuit by Irving Berlin and other composers which established certain copyright law protections that endure to this day.

In 1965, at the behest of composer Mary Rodgers and Mad publisher William Gaines, Siegel collaborated with Stan Hart on The Mad Show.

California
The world-wide success of The Mad Show brought the Siegel and Hart families to Los Angeles in 1968. There, they wrote a Flip Wilson special for NBC and a pilot for 20th Century Fox producer David Gerber called Oh Nurse!

In 1970, Siegel was hired by producer George Schlatter to write for Laugh-In. He later broke contract to write for Carol Burnett with Stan Hart. The team spent three years with Burnett, during which they won two Emmys and were nominated for another. Siegel and Hart parted from the Burnett show in 1974, and Siegel helped launch That's My Mama on ABC. He returned for the final season of Carol Burnett's show in 1977 and won a third Emmy.

In the early 1980s, Siegel was hired as part of a team of writers to pen a sequel of sorts to the hit LP record The First Family. Titled The First Family Rides Again and highlighting mimic Rich Little, the follow-up dealt with the life of Ronald Reagan.

During the 1990s, Siegel spent three years teaching comedy writing at UCLA before turning to acting and joining the Screen Actors Guild. He did commercials for companies including IBM and Northwest Airlines and also performed in stage musicals in the Los Angeles area.  At the age of 87, Siegel was still  doing improvisational comedy, writing, and performing in sketches for shows at the Broad Theater in Santa Monica, California. He died on August 20, 2019, at the age of 93.

References

External links
 Lambiek Comiclopedia article.
 Complete list of Siegel's MAD articles
 Larry Siegel in 2010 at a Los Angeles comedy club

 Entry at isfdb.org

 Larry Siegel at Find a Grave

American comedy writers
American comics writers
American male television writers
American satirists
American parodists
American male dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American comedians
Mad (magazine) people
Primetime Emmy Award winners
1925 births
2019 deaths
Male actors from New York City
Military personnel from New York City
Writers from New York City
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
Jewish American writers
21st-century American screenwriters
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
21st-century American Jews
Writers Guild of America Award winners

Larry Siegel


Transfer is a technique used in propaganda and advertising. Also known as association, this is a technique of projecting positive or negative qualities (praise or blame) of a person, entity, object, or value (an individual, group, organization, nation, patriotism, etc.) to another in order to make the second more acceptable or to discredit it. It evokes an emotional response, which stimulates the target to identify with recognized authorities. Often highly visual, this technique often utilizes symbols superimposed over other visual images. An example of common use of this technique in the United States is for the President to be filmed or photographed in front of the country's flag. Another technique used is celebrity endorsement. Example of using the method for negative purpose is association of LGBT with pedophilia that is used by the authorities and pro-government media in Russia.

See also
 Propaganda
 Advertising
 Persuade

References

Propaganda techniques
Advertising techniques
Metaphors by type

Transfer (propaganda)


Peroxisomes or microbodies are organelles inside eukariotic cells which are enclosed  with a membrane. They are involved in various processes, and use up oxygen.

Peroxisomes play an important role in  metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling.

Peroxisomes derive their name from their use of molecular oxygen for metabolic processes. These organelles are largely associated with lipid (fat) metabolism and the processing of reactive oxygen species. The products are sent to the mitochondria for use as an energy source.

Cell biology

Peroxisome


Carex concinna is a species of sedge known by the common names low northern sedge, northern elegant sedge, beauty sedge, and beautiful sedge. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and in high elevations in the northern contiguous United States.

This sedge produces loose or dense clumps of triangular stems up to about 20 centimeters tall. There are a few light green leaves around the bases of the stems, each measuring up to 10 centimeters long but just a few millimeters wide. The inflorescences grow at the top and from the sides of the stems. The terminal spike is made up of staminate flowers. Each is under a centimeter long. The plant reproduces by seed and by sprouting from its rhizome.

This plant grows in forests and wooded areas, often on calcareous substrates. It is common on the edges of flood channels. It occurs in the alvars around the Great Lakes along with other sedges such as spikerush (Eleocharis elliptica), ebony sedge (Carex eburnea), Richardson's sedge (Carex richardsonii), and bulrush sedge (C. scirpoidea).

References

External links
The Nature Conservancy
USDA Plants Profile

concinna
Flora of Northern America
Plants described in 1823

Carex concinna


The Ecologic Association Green Osijek () was founded in 1995 in Osijek, Croatia.

Its main activities are environmental protection, schools in nature, ecotourism and preserving the cultural and natural heritage of Slavonia and Baranja region. The main project of Green Osijek is development of Eco centre Zlatna Greda near the Nature park Kopački rit. In Eco centre Zlatna Greda, the association is organising schools in nature, hiking through wetlands and forests, boat rides on the Danube, birdwatching, making of traditional meals in the open fire under the gazebo.

External links
Zeleni Osijek
Zlatna Greda

Osijek
Environmental organizations based in Croatia
1995 establishments in Croatia

Ecologic Association Green Osijek