El-Mina or El Mina (Arabic: الميناء / ALA-LC: al-Mīnā', which means "the harbour"), is a coastal independent town that neighbors Tripoli, Northern Lebanon. El-Mina occupies the location of the old Phoenician city of Tripolis. It acts as the harbor city for the neighboring Tripoli, Lebanon's second-largest city, situated 5 km to the east.

El-Mina has a municipality on its own. The Port of Tripoli falls within El Mina jurisdiction, but is operated jointly by the municipalities of El-Mina and Tripoli.

History
El-Mina is the site of the ancient city of Tripolis that dates back to the Phoenician era, and is one of Lebanon's oldest cities, alongside Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon.
The site of Tripolis moved inland after the Islamic reconquest from the crusaders, and today's El-Mina became the harbour district of greater Tripoli, eventually having its own municipal board in the beginning of the 20th century, separate from that of Tripoli, but within the context of greater Tripoli. It was called also Tripoli Marina.

Geography
El-Mina is the city with the largest number of islands surrounding it, along the Levantine coastline. It has nine islands, the closest, the Abdul Wahab Island, can be visited by crossing a bridge over the sea. The farthest island, Ramkin, is 10 km away from the coast, and has a lighthouse. Four of the islands have been declared as natural reservations, to help breed fish, and preserve their natural habitat.
The city's seashore extends 3 to 4 km, and its famous seashore sidewalk, the "corniche", is a popular site frequented by people from all around Lebanon, who come to enjoy the fresh air.
The city is mostly flat, and has a diameter of only 1 km, that extends from the seashore to the border of the city of Tripoli. Due to large expansion, El-Mina and Tripoli are almost attached.

Islands

Al-Bakkar ("the cowman") island: Commonly known as Abdul Wahab Island, it is the closest island to the coastline, and can be reached by crossing a bridge.
Al-Nakhl ("the palm trees") Island or commonly known as Al-Aranib ("The Rabbits") Island is the largest island and is declared Palm Islands Nature Reserve.
Al-Billan (named after a type of plant that grows on it) contains a small cavern on the west side.
Al-Ramkin also known as Al-Fanar: El-Mina's farthest island, and has a lighthouse. The island was frequented by slain Prime Minister Rashid Karami, who sought refuge at the island for moments of peace and quiet.
Sanani is also a natural reserve where sea turtles lay their eggs.
Al-Rmayleh is one of the smaller islands. Its name is derived from the existence of a small sand beach on it.
Al-`Ashaak ("the lovers") is also known as El-Tenieh ("the second").
Al-Telteh ("the third") is a flat, rocky island midway between the coastline and the farthest island, Al-Ramkin.
Al-Rab`aa ("the fourth"), also known as Al-Maatih ("the cut-off"), is the smallest island and is used as a docking place by fishermen while out at sea.

City Parks

Mashti (The Winter) is close to the seaside where the old port of the city used to be. A large anchor is placed at the center of the park.
Shouhada (Martyrs) was constructed in 1964 and has a water fountain at its center.
Baher (Fabulous) contains more than 500 types of trees.
El-Bi'a (The Environment) contains some monumental remains, palm trees, and flowering shrubs.

Demographics
El-Mina (just like neighboring Tripoli) has a majority of Sunni Muslims. Lebanon's small Alawite community and Christian community each constitute today less than 5 percent of the population of the city.

City towers
El-Mina traditionally was a walled city, with five outpost towers to protect the city from external invasion.

The Lion Tower (Borj Al-Sbaa`) is the only tower still standing today.
Arabay was partially demolished, and a new building resembling a castle was built on top of its ruins.
Al-Dewan was built by prince Terseddine Aytamash al-Jarkassly during the Ottoman rule (demolished).
Sheikh-Affan is where two of El-Mina's oldest houses stand today.
Ezzeddine was built by prince Sefeddine Jalaban in 1442,  rubble of which still remains.

Food and fish
El-Mina Is also known and popular with the fish market and  restaurants, where one can go to the many fish markets and choose the fresh fish coming directly from the fishermen. In the city are popular fish restaurants where one can take lunch or dinner in a superb location opposite to the sea while eating the famous and delicious fish and sea food.

Landmarks

The Lion Tower is the only remaining tower of the five protective towers built around the city during the Mamlouk period to protect the city from foreign invasions.
The Corniche is the city's most visited site, with a long sidewalk along the coast of the city, around 4.5 km long, where people come for a walk or sports and leisure activities such as fishing and sailing. A large number of cafes along the corniche makes it an attractive site for tourists and locals alike.
Khan Al-Tamasili is an old Ottoman-style building that was an old marketplace during the Ottoman era.
The Railway station Tripoli railway station is located in El-Mina, It formed the terminus of the Orient Express line in the twenties, thirties and forties of the last century.

Economics

El-Mina is mainly a service-oriented city; much like most of Lebanon, the services sector is the main source of economic income of the city, and employs the largest number of people. Restaurants and cafes are abundant along the city streets, serving tourists and locals alike, who frequent the "Corniche" during afternoons and weekends. The second-most important sector of the city's economy is the fishing industry. As a consequence to the exposure of the city to the sea, the inhabitants have been fishermen and seamen by trade for centuries. This industry employs the second-largest number of citizens of El-Mina, and contributes considerably to the city economy.

The city has a small harbor for fishing boats that hosts a considerable number of small fishing boats. The city's fish market is well known by Lebanese from all over the country. Albeit, the fishermen failed to modernize and incorporate the industry into a well established and strong source of economic wealth, and the combined output of the fishermen fails to supply even the local community, often forcing fish traders to import frozen fish from Turkey. In addition, the lack of heavy equipment and deep-sea fishing ships has left this sector decades behind.

Politics

Because of its location on the Mediterranean coast and its history as a trading hub, similar to metropolitan coastal cities such as Beirut, El-Mina is characterized by its diversity and rich political culture, as most Lebanese political parties hold offices in the city. El Mina citizens, like most Lebanese citizens, are politically aware. The Mayoral elections are always a fierce and closely contested race.

The Municipality of El-Mina is independent from Tripoli and it was established by the colonizers the Ottomans in 1882 with the Mayor being appointed by the Ottoman district governor and was held chronologically by:

 Ibrahim Alamedine (1882- by appointment)
 Mouheiddine Kabbara (by appointment)
 Rami Basha ( 1984 - by appointment)
 Mouheiddine Yafi (by appointment)

After the First World War, and during the French presence in Lebanon, mayoral position remained by appointment by the French district governor.
Nour Alamedine (1920–1928)
Moustafa Ghazi (1928–1933)

The French mandate introduced the municipal committee that would later become the city council.

Abdel Satar Alamedine (1933–1935)
Kheireddine Abdul Wahab (1933–1944)

The posts remained vacant between 1944-1947 after the independence of Lebanon, and the first elections were held in 1947.

Mounir Alamoun (1947–1951)
Saadi Ghazi (1951–1955)
Habib Abdul Wahab (1955–1959)
Saiid Bayakly (1960–1964)
Ahmed Ghazi (1964–1968)
Ahmed Moumtaz Kabara (1968–1972)
Abdel Kader Alamedine (1972-1998)

With the eruption of the Lebanon Civil War in 1975, mayoral elections were no longer held till 1998, and Alamedine remained in office till then. Many regard Alamedine to be the builder of modern El Mina, notably the construction of the El Mina Corniche, which has become an integral part of the city's attractions and landmarks.

After the war, and the municipality became of 21 members (14 Muslims and 7 Christians by an oral agreement, the Mayor is a Sunni and his deputy is a Christian. In the first election in 1998, Alamedine was re-elected into office,

Abdelkader Alamedine (1998–2001, resigned)
Mouhamad Helou (2001–2004)
Abdelkader Alamedine (2004–2010)
Mohammad Issa (2010–2012)
Vacant (2012–2016)
AbdelKader Alamedine (2016–Present)

In 2012, seven members of the city municipality council, that makes third of the council, resigned and thus made the whole council out of office and the municipality of Mina is under the Governor of Tripoli and the North responsibility until the elections of May 2016.

El Mina does not officially have a representative in the Lebanese Parliament, its people elect with the whole Tripoli district.
Knowing that traditionally each parliamentary bloc of former Prime Minister Rachid Karami who was assassinated in 1986, representing North Lebanon, would have one member from El Mina.

See also
Tripoli, Lebanon

References

"Yawmiyat Madinah" (Diaries of a City) - By J. Touma, Jarousse Press 2003.
"El-Mina - Tarikh w Tourath"  (El Mina: History and Culture) - By A. Kabbara, Dar El-Chamal Press 2006.

External links

Pictures from El Mina
El Mina Tourism Information Center
The Official Website of the Municipality of El-Mina
Abdul Wahab Island in 360

Populated places in the North Governorate
Tripoli District, Lebanon
Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon
Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon

El Mina, Lebanon


The Special Libraries Association (SLA) is an international professional association for library and information professionals working in business, government, law, finance, non-profit, and academic organizations and institutions.

History
The Special Libraries Association was founded in 1909 in the United States by a group of librarians working in specialized settings, led by John Cotton Dana, who served as the first president of SLA from 1909 to 1911. In the years prior to SLA's founding Dana and other librarians saw an increasing demand for the types of materials that specialized libraries could provide, and recognized that as information professionals working in such settings responded to the demands of their jobs they were creating a new kind of librarianship. Also, many of them were working as professional librarians but largely without the professional support enjoyed by other librarians and professionals.  The group sought to address their common problems by banding together. Their goal, as stated in the first issue of Special Libraries, was to "unite in co-operation all small libraries throughout the country; financial, commercial, scientific, industrial; and special departments of state, college and general libraries; and, in fact, all libraries devoted to special purposes and serving a limited clientage."

The SLA is now an international organization with members in over 75 countries and is organized by 55 regional Chapters. Additionally, the SLA also has a number of Divisions devoted to specific topic areas. Many Divisions also include Sections for sub-specialties. The current Divisions include: Academic; Biomedical & Life Sciences; Business & Finance; Chemistry; Competitive Intelligence; Education; Engineering; Environment & Resource Management; Food, Agriculture & Nutrition; Government Information; Information Technology; Insurance & Employee Benefits; Knowledge Management; Legal; Leadership & Management; Military Libraries; Museums, Arts & Humanities; News; Petroleum & Energy Resources; Pharmaceutical & Health Technology; Physics-Astronomy-Mathematics; Science-Technology; Social Science; Solo Librarians; Taxonomy; and Transportation.

Naming controversy
From the time of the founding of the SLA there has been some controversy surrounding the terminology used in the name Special Libraries Association.  At the time of SLAs founding there was an almost immediate backlash against the term special library or special librarian.  For some, the term was too specific in that it had been used on a limited basis to that time to define reference collections which were limited or narrow in some way. For others, the term was too broad, focusing on a general type of collection rather than the work that the special librarian does. John Cotton Dana himself acknowledged the inadequacy of the name in the years following SLA's founding but noted the term was chosen by default as no other term would be as accurate yet encompassing. This debate continues today among organization members and official name changes were considered in 1982, 2003, and 2009 but they were eventually voted down by the membership.

Membership
SLA membership is open to any person or organization.  Members pay annual dues to SLA and additional fees for any Chapter, Division, or Caucus memberships they wish to obtain.
Members of SLA typically possess a master's degree in library or information science and may have an advanced degree in a related field such as law, medicine or engineering.  While special libraries include law libraries, news libraries, corporate libraries, museum libraries, medical libraries, and transportation libraries, many information professionals today do not actually work in a library setting. They actively apply their specialized skills to support the information needs of their organizations. SLA members fill many non-traditional librarian roles such as corporate competitive intelligence analyst, researcher, or information specialist.  Given the rapid adoption of information technologies for selecting, analyzing, managing, storing, and delivering information and knowledge, the average SLA member might be performing a range of services and employing a diverse mix of skills related to, but not exclusive of, library science.  In fact, it is likely a special librarian does not work in a library, but rather an information center or resource center.

Governing structure
The SLA is governed by a board of directors who are elected by the membership according to the parameters set out in the SLA's bylaws. The board of directors is responsible for the overall direction and management of the SLA and selects the organization's officers.  The board of directors is led by a president who is elected for a one-year term. An executive director selected by the board oversees the day-to-day management and functions of SLA. SLA Welcomed Amy Lestition Burke, CAE, as its executive director in May 2016. Burke had been serving SLA as vice president of success since 1 March, when SLA entered into an agreement with association management company MCI USA (formerly Coulter Companies) to manage its operations.

Each of the regional Chapters and topical Divisions of SLA also elects officers and conducts meetings in a similar fashion to SLA.  Members are entitled to vote in board elections for each Chapter or Division in which they pay dues.

Committees and councils
Committees and Councils are established by the board of directors in order to coordinate its activities relating to achieving the goals and objectives of the association.
 Annual Conference Advisory Council
 Awards and Honors Committee
 Joint Governance and Bylaws Committee
 Emergency Preparedness & Recovery Advisory Council
 Finance Committee
 Industry Partners Alliance
 Information Outlook Advisory Council
 Membership Advisory Council
 Nominating Committee	Online Content Advisory Council
 Professional Development Advisory Council
 Public Relations Advisory Council
 Students and New Professionals Advisory Council
 Student Groups
 Technology Advisory Council
 Transition CommitteeTransition Committee

Activities

SLA activities include conferences, professional education, networking, and advocacy. The SLA Annual Conference & INFO-EXPO, usually held in the summer, includes education programs, networking events, and information exhibits.  The SLA 2017 Annual Conference took place in Phoenix. The SLA 2018 Annual Conference was held 9–13 June 2018, in Baltimore, Maryland.  The SLA 2019 Annual Conference is scheduled to be held 13–18 June in Cleveland, Ohio.

Awards
The SLA presents several awards, some on an annual basis.

Fellowship in SLA is bestowed on active, mid-career SLA members in recognition of past, present and future service to the association and the profession. Fellows are called upon and expected to advise the association's board of directors, prepare necessary documentation, and alert the membership to issues and trends warranting action.  No more than five SLA members can be selected as a Fellow in any given year. Individuals receiving this honor are able to use the title Fellow of the Special Libraries Association. (Members who are currently serving on the SLA Board of Directors are ineligible for designation as Fellows.)

John Cotton Dana Award is the SLA's top honor and is awarded to an individual in recognition of a lifetime of achievement and exceptional service to the SLA. (This should not be confused with the John Cotton Dana Library Public Relations Award, awarded by the American Library Association.)

Presidential Citations are given to SLA members for important or notable contributions advancing the SLA's goal or objectives during the previous year.  The Presidential Citations are given at the pleasure of the SLA President.

Rose L. Vormelker Award is given to a mid-career SLA member who actively teaches or mentors students or working professionals.

SLA Hall of Fame is presented to an SLA member near the end of their professional career in recognition of service and contributions to the SLA and its goal and objectives.

James M. Matarazzo Rising Star Award is presented annually to up to five new SLA members who have been members for no more than five years and show exceptional promise of leadership and contribution to the association and profession.

Nominees must meet at least one of the following criteria:

 Performed outstanding work and professional activities on behalf of SLA
 Developed notable innovations on the job
 Actively participated in SLA units and association programs
 Promoted the visibility of SLA or the value of information professionals

Recipients receive complimentary registration for the SLA Annual Conference & INFO-EXPO in the year in which they receive the award.

SLA Committee/Council/Unit Recognition Programs and SAAAC Merit Awards are presented by the SLA Student and Academic Affairs Advisory Council (SAAAC) in recognition of the active development and participation of student members through their involvement in SLA Student Group activities. Through these awards the SAAAC recognizes and honors SLA Student Groups whose outstanding leadership, innovative programming, or creative use of electronic resources contribute to increased membership and expanded professional development. SAAAC awards are made based on documented quantitative and qualitative evidence pertaining to one or more of the following award criteria:
 Increased student group membership
 Expanded professional development opportunities (both formal and informal)
 Heightened profile of the SLA Student Group within their own school, on their own campus, or in the professional community
 Success in bringing educators and practicing special librarians together
 Increased or enhanced profile of special librarianship and/or SLA within the academic or broader community

Several other awards are given out at the Chapter and Division level as well at the SLA Annual Conference.

Publications
Special Libraries (1910-1996), a journal containing articles and columns on cataloging and indexing, book reviews, and information about the Special Library Association.

Information Outlook (1997-2020), formerly Special Libraries, a bimonthly online professional/trade magazine. Publication ceased with the March-April 2020 issue.

References

External links
Official website
Special Libraries archive at SJSU ScholarWorks
Information Outlook archive at SJSU ScholarWorks

Library-related professional associations
Organizations based in Alexandria, Virginia
Organizations established in 1909

Special Libraries Association


Mark Davis Scatterday (born 1959) is an American conductor best known for his association with the Eastman School of Music, at which he is currently serving as conductor of the Eastman Wind Ensemble.

Education

Scatterday earned a D.M.A. degree in conducting from the Eastman School of Music in 1989 and holds a Master of Music degree in trombone performance from the University of Michigan and Bachelor of Music degrees in music education and trombone performance from The University of Akron: School of Music.  He has studied conducting with Donald Hunsberger, David Effron, Sydney Hodkinson, Carl St.Clair, H. Robert Reynolds, and Richard Jackoboice, and trombone with H. Dennis Smith, Edwin Anderson, Edward Zadronzny, Milt Stevens, David Langlitz, and Hal Janks.

Early career
Prior to his appointment at the Eastman School, Scatterday served as Professor of Music and Chair of the Department of Music at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY from 1989–2002, where he conducted the Cornell Wind Ensemble, Chamber Orchestra, Wind Symphony, Chamber Winds, and Festival Orchestra.  He also taught conducting, music theory, and low brass performance.  While at Cornell, he was one of the principal conductors of the professional new music group Ensemble X, which made its Carnegie Hall debut in 2003, and was also the conductor and music director of the Cayuga Winds, a professional chamber winds ensemble in Ithaca, New York.  He also has taught conducting at Ithaca College.

Eastman Wind Ensemble

On January 28, 2002, after an extensive search, the Eastman School named Scatterday the fourth conductor of the world-renowned Eastman Wind Ensemble, succeeding his former teacher Donald Hunsberger, who had conducted the ensemble for 37 years.

Since 2002, Scatterday has served as the conductor of the Eastman Wind Ensemble and the Eastman Wind Orchestra at the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York.  At Eastman, Scatterday serves as Professor of Conducting. He was also the former Chair of the Conducting and Ensembles Department.  In 2004, he led the Eastman Wind Ensemble in their return tour to Japan, as well as to Taiwan and Macau. In 2005, he led the ensemble in a highly acclaimed performance at Carnegie Hall and also conducted in Japan as part of the opening ceremonies of the new concert hall in Karuizawa, joined by members of the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. Recently, he conducted the premiere recording of Roberto Sierra's Cancionero Sefardi with members of the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra on Fleur De Son Classics, Judith Weir's Concerto for Piano and Musicians Wrestling Everywhere with Ensemble X on Albany Records and Danzante with James Thompson and the Eastman Wind Ensemble on Summit Records, Barcelonazo on Bridge Records (nominated for a 2008 Latin Grammy) and Manhattan Music with the EWE and the Canadian Brass on Opening Day Records (nominated for a 2009 Juno). Recently, he has led the Eastman Wind Ensemble in appearances at major venues such as Severance Hall in Cleveland, and Salzburg, Vienna, Prague, and Bayreuth with the Eastman Harmonie.

Advocate of contemporary music
Scatterday is an advocate of contemporary music, especially the music of composers Karel Husa and Roberto Sierra. He has commissioned Roberto Sierra's Diferencias (1997), Fanfarria (2000) and Octeto (2003) and transcribed his Fandangos (2004) and Sinfonia No. 3 and Alegria (2009). His other commissions and premiers include works by composers such as Steven Stucky, David Maslanka, Jorge Liderman, Verne Reynolds, Christopher Theofanidis, Robert Paterson, John Fitz Rogers, David Liptak, Robert Morris, Jeff Tyzik, Joseph Turrin, Kyle Blaha, Jacob Bancks, James Matheson, Steven Burke, Sally Lamb, Sydney Hodkinson, and David Borden.

References

External links
Official Biography of Mark Scatterday

American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
Cornell University faculty
Eastman School of Music alumni
Living people
University of Akron alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance alumni
University and college band directors
Eastman School of Music faculty
1959 births

Mark Scatterday


WEAR-TV (channel 3) is a television station licensed to Pensacola, Florida, United States, serving as the ABC affiliate for northwest Florida and southwest Alabama. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Fort Walton Beach–licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WFGX (channel 35); Sinclair also provides certain services to Mobile, Alabama–licensed NBC affiliate WPMI-TV (channel 15) and Pensacola-licensed independent station WJTC (channel 44) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Deerfield Media.

WEAR-TV and WFGX share studios—which also house master control and some internal operations for WPMI-TV and WJTC—on Mobile Highway (US 90) in unincorporated Escambia County, Florida (with a Pensacola mailing address); WEAR-TV's transmitter is located in unincorporated Baldwin County, Alabama (northeast of Robertsdale).

Although WEAR-TV's call letters represent both the words "wear" and "ear", the station spells out their calls as "W-E-A-R", rather than any word.

History
In 1952, when the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its four-year television applications freeze, WEAR (1230 AM) and WCOA (1370 AM) both filed for new stations on channel 3 at Pensacola. WCOA dropped its bid in June 1953, allowing WEAR to be granted the permit; the withdrawal was half of an agreement by which WEAR dropped an application for channel 36 in Jacksonville to allow WJHP, sister station to WCOA, to get that channel unopposed.

The station first signed on the air on January 13, 1954. Initially, the station was a primary CBS affiliate with a secondary ABC affiliation. In 1955, WKRG-TV (channel 5) signed on as the CBS affiliate for the Mobile-Pensacola area, and WEAR became an exclusive ABC affiliate. In 1959, it was sold to Rollins Telecasting, which completed a construction project already in progress: the completion of a new tower in Baldwin County. Rollins was purchased by Heritage Communications, an operator of cable systems in 1986; when Tele-Communications Inc. acquired the cable systems the next year, management carried out a leveraged buyout of the broadcast division to form Heritage Media.

In October 1997, WEAR and the other Heritage stations were sold to the Sinclair Broadcast Group just as the remainder of Heritage Media was merging with News Corporation (the then-parent company of Fox). This sale also protected former longtime NBC affiliate WALA-TV (channel 10) as the market's Fox outlet; otherwise WEAR would have been forced to switch its network affiliation to Fox. Sinclair prohibited its ABC affiliates, including WEAR, from airing a Nightline broadcast in 2004 that featured a segment displaying the names of those who died in the war in Iraq, because the company felt it was anti-war rhetoric against the invasion.

In late 2006, Sinclair entered into negotiations with Mediacom, the main cable provider for parts of the Florida side of the market (including Santa Rosa County and Pensacola Beach). The two companies could not reach an agreement over retransmission fees. As a result, Mediacom pulled all of Sinclair's stations (including WEAR) from its systems on January 6, 2007. The dispute ended on February 2, when the two sides reached an agreement that restored WEAR to Mediacom systems. Upon the expiration of the 2007 agreement on January 1, 2010, Mediacom was prepared to drop the station once again from its systems. Sinclair agreed to a temporary extension until January 8 in order to allow the Bowl Championship Series college football games to be viewed on Sinclair's ABC and Fox affiliates over Mediacom. Eventually, a one-year agreement was reached which would keep Sinclair stations on the cable television provider until 2011.

In 2012, Newport Television sold five of its stations, including WPMI and WJTC, to Sinclair. However, since Sinclair already owns WEAR and WFGX, WPMI and WJTC were sold to Deerfield Media, while Sinclair operates the two stations under local marketing agreements. The sale created one of the few instances where two "Big Three" stations are operated by the same company. However, the two duopolies maintain separate operations.

News operation
WEAR-TV presently broadcasts  hours of local newscasts each week (with  hours each weekday, and two hours each on Saturdays and Sundays). In addition, the station produces an additional  hours of newscasts weekly for WFGX (with a half-hour each weekday). This totals 38 hours of newscasts on a weekly basis between the two stations; in regards to the number of hours devoted to news programming, it is the highest local newscast output among all broadcast television stations in the Mobile–Pensacola market (in contrast, WPMI produces 27 hours and WKRG produces 22 hours of newscasts each week).

Since WEAR is the only major-network station licensed on the Florida side of the market, the station's newscasts tend to focus more on Pensacola. It does, however, operate a bureau on Dauphin Street in downtown Mobile. Because of WEAR's hour-long 10:00 p.m. newscast, it is one of the last ABC affiliates to continue to air the network's late night programming (including Nightline and presently Jimmy Kimmel Live! since the two shows switched timeslots nationally in January 2013) on a half-hour tape delay, starting at 11:00 p.m. The additional half-hour of the 10:00 p.m. broadcast began as Channel 3 News Extra, but has since evolved into an extension of the 10:00 p.m. newscast.

The station launched a 4:00 p.m. newscast in December 2007. On September 7, 2008, WEAR-TV was the first station in the Mobile–Pensacola market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition; field video remained pillarboxed for almost three years, until widescreen and eventually high definition video began supplementing the newscasts in 2011. On July 15, 2013, the weekday edition of WEAR's morning newscast, 3 in the Morning expanded by a half-hour, moving its start time to 4:30 a.m., putting them in competition with WALA's already existing 4:30 a.m. newscast.

On August 12, 2013, WEAR launched a new half-hour, weeknight-only newscast at 9:00 p.m. on sister station WFGX. The newscast airs in direct competition with WALA's long-established, dominant, and hour-long 9:00 p.m. newscast. This marked the first time that newscasts have aired on WFGX since it shut down its in-house news department in 1998 after two years (the 6:30 and 9:00 p.m. newscasts WFGX produced specifically focused on Okaloosa County, Florida).

Notable former on-air staff
 Steve Berthiaume – sports anchor (last with ESPN's SportsCenter, now play-by-play announcer with the Arizona Diamondbacks)
 Mark Curtis – anchor/reporter (now at WOWK-TV in Charleston, West Virginia)

Technical information

Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

WEAR formerly carried The Tube on its second digital subchannel until early 2007, when it was replaced with a standard definition feed of the station's main channel, which lasted until around 2010. In 2011, The Country Network began occupying the second subchannel, after the network moved from sister station WFGX.

Analog-to-digital conversion
WEAR-TV discontinued regular programming on its analog signal, over VHF channel 3, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 17. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former VHF analog channel 3.

References

External links

 WFGX website

ABC network affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
TBD (TV network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1954
EAR-TV
Sinclair Broadcast Group
1954 establishments in Florida

WEAR-TV


Bera Lake (Malay: Tasik Bera; Chinese: 比拉湖) is a natural freshwater lake system, located in Bera District, Pahang, Malaysia in the saddle of the main and eastern mountain ranges of Peninsular Malaysia, extending 35 km long and 20 km wide, drainings into the Pahang River. It lends its name to the Bera district and parliamentary constituency.

As the largest freshwater swamp in Peninsular Malaysia, Tasik Bera or Bera Lake remains both a unique and remote wetland wilderness. Surrounded by a patchwork of dry lowland dipterocarp forests, the lake environment includes islands of peat swamp forests. Rich in wildlife and vegetation, the ecosystem which supports a diversity of animal and plant life, and sustains the livelihood of the Semelai branch of the Orang Asli people inhabiting the wetlands.

It has been protected under the Ramsar Convention since November 1994, which allows traditional use of the area to continue. The core zone consists of 260 km² and the buffer zone of 275 km².

References

Bera District
Lakes of Malaysia
Ramsar sites in Malaysia
Landforms of Pahang
Nature sites of Malaysia

Bera Lake


Salem was a supertanker which was scuttled off the coast of Guinea on 17 January 1980, after secretly unloading 192,000 tons of oil in Durban, South Africa. The oil was delivered in breach of the South African oil embargo, and the ship was scuttled to fraudulently claim insurance.

History

Ship
The tanker, T/T Sea Sovereign, was commissioned in 1969 in Stockholm for Salénrederierna AB and built at the Kockums shipyard in Malmö. In 1977 Salénrederierna sold the tanker to Pimmerton Shipping Ltd. (Liberia), as South Sun and ship management was placed in the hands of Wallem Ship Management Ltd. (Hong Kong). Two years later South Sun was sold to Oxford Shipping Inc. (U.S.). The ship was renamed Salem, but remained under the Liberian flag.

Loading and sinking
On 30 November 1979 Salem left the port of Piraeus to load oil in the Kuwaiti port of Mina Al Ahmadi, on behalf of an Italian charterer. She loaded approximately 194,000 tons of light crude oil to be discharged in Genoa. The tanker, with its cargo, was insured at Lloyd's of London. She left Mina Al Ahmadi on 10 December and proceeded down the East African coast. On 27 December under the name Lema she entered the port of Durban, South Africa. There, the ship discharged 170–180,000 tons of cargo, and took on the same amount in ballast water in order to stay on a laden draft. She departed Durban on 2 January 1980. On 17 January 1980, under the name Salem, she was found off the Senegalese coast in distress. The British tanker British Trident rescued the crew of the sinking tanker.

Fraud
Four days after leaving the port of Mina Al Ahmadi, the charterers in Genoa sold the cargo to the Shell Group for [US$]56 million. This type of transaction is not uncommon. When the British tanker British Trident rescued the shipwrecked Salem crew, it was observed that not only had the crew taken all their belongings in suitcases but they had gone so far as to rescue a number of other items including duty-free goods and sandwiches, although the tanker was supposed to have sunk so quickly, after several explosions, that there was not enough time to save the ship's log. Far more striking was that, despite the ostensible cargo of nearly 200,000 tons of crude oil and having suffered sufficient explosion damage to cause her to sink, there was barely a trace of the vessel left on the surface.

Aftermath
After Salem′s loss, Lloyd's of London received an insurance claim of US$56.3 million from the owner of the cargo. It was the largest single claim that Lloyd's had received up to that time. Research by Lloyd's revealed that the South African oil company Sasol, had bought the Lema / Salem cargo in Durban for US$43 million.

References

Stewart, I.G. (1980), The World's Super Ships, 1965–1980, Perth, W.A., I.G.S. Marine Publishers

Oil tankers
1969 ships
Maritime incidents in 1980
Cargo ships of Liberia

Salem (supertanker)


Hamilton Branch State Park is located near the town of Plum Branch in McCormick County. It sits on a 731-acre peninsula in Lake Strom Thurmond. The park became part of the South Carolina State Park Service in 1972, with land leased from the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

Amenities in the park include lakefront camping sites, picnic shelters, a playground and two boat ramps for access to the lake. The park office sells limited supplies and souvenirs and also rents out a number of games for guests. A short bike trail provides access to the Steven's Creek Bike Trail. The park is a popular spot for geocaching, fishing and bird watching.

External links
Official Website

References

State parks of South Carolina
Protected areas of McCormick County, South Carolina

Hamilton Branch State Park


Jacky Daydream is an autobiographical book about Jacqueline Wilson's childhood, first published in 2007.

The book's title refers to a nickname given to the author when she was at school. The teacher, Mr Branson (who the children nicknamed Brandy Balls) would give all the children nicknames according to their character; initially he rather cruelly dubbed her "Jacky Four-eyes" when she came to school in glasses, subsequently he named her "Jacky Daydream" for staring out of the window during maths, a subject she hated.

The book details her very early life, from babyhood to the summer she was 11, when she is about to start at secondary school. The book is interspersed with many photos of the author at that time in her life. She also tells the reader what inspired her to write certain books, and she ends each chapter with a question that the reader must answer; for instance "Who had a doll named Bluebell and an imaginary Rottweiler?" Then she will give the answer.

She also gives a rather uncomfortable account of her constantly warring parents, Biddy and Harry. The book reveals that she failed the 11-plus the first time she sat the exams, as she had a terrible cold. She passed it a second time.

Jacqueline also writes about her favourite books, her first TV, her first china doll, who was apparently unwieldy, her parents' marriage, her first boyfriend David and many more facts about her life. Jac writes with love about her maternal grand parents, Ga and Gongon (nicknamed by Jacky before she could speak properly).

She has stated that from an early age she was determined to deal with "real" issues that affect children, and not to write Enid Blyton-style stories, although she greatly admired them.
She was also a great fan of the child actress Mandy Miller, who was about a year older.
She frequently talks about her favourite books and dolls she played with when she was a child. She is still an avid collector of both books and dolls and she also still enjoys reading and writing.

2007 non-fiction books
British autobiographies
Works by Jacqueline Wilson
Doubleday (publisher) books

Jacky Daydream


Herman Vanderpoorten (; 25 August 1922 – 3 September 1984) was a Belgian liberal politician. He was a son of the politician Arthur Vanderpoorten, the father of Marleen Vanderpoorten and an uncle of Patrick Dewael.

Education
He obtained a law degree at the University of Ghent and got acquainted with, among others, Frans Grootjans and Karel Poma.

Career
After World War II he followed his father's footsteps, who had died in the Nazi concentration camp of Bergen-Belsen. From 1949 up to 1958 he was province council member in Antwerp. In 1961, he became a member of parliament and in 1965, he changed to the senate where he remained until his death. Vanderpoorten led several ministries during his political career. For the PVV-PLP, he was minister of internal affairs in the government Paul Vanden Boeynants-Willy De Clercq (1966–1968), minister of justice in the government Edmond Leburton (1973–1974), in the government Leo Tindemans-II (1974–1977) and in the government Wilfried Martens-III (1980) and in addition vice-prime minister and minister for institutional reforms in that same government. In 1979, he took part in the first direct European elections and was member of the European parliament in Strasbourg up to 1980. In 1983, he was appointed by the king as Minister of State. He was burgomaster of Lier (1982–1984). He was president of the Liberaal Vlaams Verbond (1957–1966, 1969–1973).

Honours
4 November 1971 : Commander in the Order of Leopold.
 7 December 1978 : Knight Grand Cross in the Order of Leopold II.
5 November 1981 : Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Crown.

References

Sources
 Wouters, Nico, Vanderpoorten Herman, in Nieuwe Encyclopedie van de Vlaamse Beweging, Tielt, Lannoo, 1998, dl. 3, pp. 3159–3160
 Herman Vanderpoorten

1922 births
1984 deaths

Flemish politicians
Belgian Ministers of State
Ghent University alumni
People from Lier, Belgium

Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)

Herman Vanderpoorten


Chase was an American television show on the NBC network. On October 19, 2010, the network ordered a full season consisting of 22 episodes. On April 6, 2011, NBC announced the remaining five episodes would be broadcast on Saturday nights beginning on April 23 and ended the series on May 21, 2011. The show was replaced by Harry's Law.

NBC network shows
2010 American television series debuts
English-language television programs

Chase (2010 TV series)


Landing craft are small or medium sized boats made to land at a beach. They help military troops move from their transport ships to the beach, when they cannot use a port. They are also used to deliver supplies and vehicles for troops. To get onto a beach, the landing craft has to be flat-bottomed. The lack of a proper keel makes them uncomfortable in rough seas.

Ship types

Landing craft


Ann Morrish (born 15 June 1928) is a British actress. Her television appearances include regular roles in Compact and The Expert, as well as The House of Eliott, Minder, Softly Softly . She appeared in the 2006 Midsomer Murders episode "Four Funerals and a Wedding" as  Mildred Danvers. In 1996, she played Emily Arundell in  Agatha Christie's Poirot - Dumb Witness . In the autumn season 1964, she acted at the Bristol Old Vic (Colston Hall and Theatre Royal), playing roles in Isabelle, Mary Mary and The Beaux' Stratagem.

Her roles in television plays included the Welsh BAFTA winner written off by Derrick Geer. In addition, she was a presenter on Play School in the late 1960s and she appeared in the BBC children's drama series Break Point (1982), alongside Jeremy Burnham and Stephen Yardley.

External links

1928 births
Living people
BBC television presenters
British television actresses

Ann Morrish


Nelson James Dunford (December 12, 1906 – September 7, 1986) was an American mathematician, known for his work in functional analysis, namely integration of vector valued functions, ergodic theory, and linear operators. The Dunford decomposition, Dunford–Pettis property, and Dunford-Schwartz theorem bear his name.

He studied mathematics at the University of Chicago and obtained his Ph.D. in 1936 at Brown University under Jacob Tamarkin. He moved in 1939 to Yale University, where he remained until his retirement in 1960.

In 1981, he was awarded jointly with Jacob T. Schwartz, his Ph.D. student, the well-known Leroy P. Steele Prize of the American Mathematical Society for the three-volume work Linear operators.

Nelson Dunford was coeditor of Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (1941–1945) and Mathematical Surveys and Monographs (1945–1949).

Publications

 Nelson Dunford, Jacob T. Schwartz, Linear Operators, Part I General Theory , Part II Spectral Theory, Self Adjoint Operators in Hilbert Space , Part III Spectral Operators

References
 Obituary in Notices Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 34, 1987, p. 287

External links

1906 births
1986 deaths
People from St. Louis
Mathematicians from Missouri
20th-century American mathematicians
Brown University alumni
Yale University faculty
Operator theorists
University of Chicago alumni

Nelson Dunford


The Ferengi are a fictional group of space people on Star Trek.  They first appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1987.  They are also in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Enterprise.

Appearance

The Ferengi are shorter than humans.  They have bald heads, large ears and small teeth.  They have noses with deep ridges in them.  Most Ferengi are played by short actors in heavy makeup.

Many male Ferengi characters wear colorful clothes and some have hats that cover the backs of their heads but not the tops of their heads.

Culture

The Ferengi have a very Capitalist culture.  Ferengi think greed is good.  In the Ferengi culture, men are supposed to gain wealth. There is a saying: "A Ferengi without profit is no Ferengi at all." Money, payment, and contracts are a big part of life.  For example, a guest in a house can be charged admission.

The Ferengi home planet is called Ferenginar.  The capital city has a Tower of Commerce that holds the leader's office.  The leader of the Ferengi is called the Grand Nagus.  The Ferengi call themselves "The Ferengi Alliance," not "Empire" or "Federation."

Ferengi culture is very male-dominated.  Women are not supposed to wear clothes or appear in public.  During the Deep Space Nine run, a Ferengi feminist named Ishka becomes the Grand Nagus's chief financial advisor.  She helps Ferengi women gain more rights.

In the Deep Space Nine episode "Little Green Men," three characters talk about the Ferengi afterlife.  It has reincarnation.  Ferengi believe that if they have lived well, they will bid on new lives, like in an auction.  If they have lived badly, they will go to the Vault of Eternal Destitution.

Rules of Acquisition
Ferengi characters on Star Trek often say the Rules of Acquisition.  They are similar to proverbs.  They are about how to get (acquire) wealth.  Some of the Rules are "War is good for business," "Peace is good for business," "Never have sex with the boss' sister," and "Greed is eternal." There are 285 Rules of Acquisition.

Origin

The word "Ferengi" comes from the Persian word for "foreigner," usually a Westerner.  The Star Trek writers wanted a race of people they could use to tell stories about capitalism and 20th and 21st century Western culture.

The first idea for the Ferengi was that they would be the main enemy aliens in Star Trek: The Next Generation, but they were not scary enough.  After that, the writers used the Ferengi for comic relief, to tell the funny parts of their stories.

Criticism

Some critics have said the Ferengi are too much like stereotypes of Jews.

Important characters

There are five very important Ferengi characters in Star Trek, and all of them appear in Deep Space Nine:

Quark runs a bar on the Deep Space Nine space station.  Actor Armin Shimerman played Quark.
Rom is Quark's brother.  He is not good at getting wealth, so other Ferengi think he is a failure. Actor Max Grodénchik played Rom.
Nog is Rom's son.  He decides to join Starfleet because he knows he is not good at business. Actor Aron Eisenberg played Nog.
Grand Nagus Zek was played by Wallace Shawn.
Ishka is Quark and Rom's mother.  She was played by more than one actor during the show.
Liquidator Brunt, an agent of the Ferengi Alliance government who hates Quark.
Gala, Quark and Rom's cousin who sells weapons.

References

Fictional races
Star Trek

Ferengi


Neuron is a simulation environment for modeling individual and networks of neurons. It was primarily developed by Michael Hines, John W. Moore, and Ted Carnevale at Yale and Duke.

Neuron models individual neurons via the use of sections that are automatically subdivided into individual compartments, instead of requiring the user to manually create compartments. The primary scripting language is hoc but a Python interface is also available. Programs can be written interactively in a shell, or loaded from a file. Neuron supports parallelization via the MPI protocol.

Neuron is capable of handling diffusion-reaction models, and integrating diffusion functions into models of synapses and cellular networks. Parallelization is possible via internal multithreaded routines, for use on multi-core computers. The properties of the membrane channels of the neuron are simulated using compiled mechanisms written using the NMODL language or by compiled routines operating on internal data structures that are set up with Channel Builder.

Along with the analogous software platform GENESIS, Neuron is the basis for instruction in computational neuroscience in many courses and laboratories around the world.

User interface
Neuron features a graphical user interface (GUI), for use by individuals with minimal programming experience. The GUI comes equipped with a builder for single and multiple compartment cells, networks, network cells, channels and linear electric circuits. Single and multiple compartment cells differ in that multiple compartment cells features several "sections", each with potentially distinct parameters for dimensions and kinetics. Tutorials are available on the Neuron website, including for getting basic models out of the cell, channel and network builders. With these builders, the user can form the basis of all simulations and models.

Cell Builder

Cell Builder allows the user to generate and modify stick figure cell structures. These sections form the basis of functionally distinct areas of the neuron.

The user can define functionally distinct groups of sections. Sections branching from one another can be labeled "dendrites," while another, single section that projects from the same central one can be labeled as the "axon." The user can define parameters along which certain values are variable as a function across a section. For instance, path length along a subset can be defined as a domain, the functions along which can then be defined later.

The user can select either individual sections, or groups and set precise parameters for length, diameter, area and length for that group or section. Any of these values can be set as a function of length or some other parameter of the corresponding section. The user can set the number of functional segments in a section, which is a strategy for spatial resolution. The higher the number of segments, the more precisely Neuron can handle a function in a section. Segments are the points where point process managers can be associated.

Users can define kinetic and electro-physiological functions across both subsets and sections. Neuron comes equipped with a probabilistic model of Hodgkin-Huxley Model giant squid axon kinetics, as well as a function to model passive leak channel kinetics. Both of these functions, and the features they describe, can be added to the membrane of the constructed cell. Values for leak rate, sodium conductance and potassium conductance can be set for modeling these kinetics can be set as functions over a parameterized domain. Channels become available for implementation in a cell membrane.

Channel Builder
The user can generate both voltage- and ligand-gated channel models. Channel Builder supports local point channels, generally used for single, large channels whose function is to be modeled, and general channels whose density across the cell can be defined. Maximum conductance, reversal potential, ligand sensitivity, ion permeability, as well as precise dynamics of transitional states using activation and inactivation variables, and including differential conductance, can be defined.

Network and Network Cell Builder
Neuron allows for the generation of mixed models, populated with both artificial cells and neurons. Artificial cells essentially function as point processes, implemented into the network. Artificial cells require only a point process, with defined parameters. The user can create the structure and dynamics of network cells. The user can create synapses, using simulated synapse point processes as archetypes. Parameters on these point processes can be manipulated to simulate both inhibitory and excitatory responses. Synapses can be placed on specific segments of the constructed cell, wherein, again, they will behave as point processes, except that they are sensitive to the activity of a pre-synaptic element. Cells can be managed. The user creates the basic grid of network cells, taking previously completed network cells as archetypes. Connections can be defined between source cells and target synapses on other cells. The cell containing the target synapse becomes the post-synaptic element, whereas the source cells function as pre-synaptic elements. Weights can be added to define strength of activation of a synapse by the pre-synaptic cell. A plot option can be activated to open a graph of spikes across time for individual neurons.

Simulation and recording
Neuron comes equipped with a slew of simulation tools. Most notably, it includes several "point processes," which are simple functions at a particular segment of a cell. Point processes include simulations of voltage, patch, single electrode and current clamps, as well as several simulated synapses. Synapse point processes are distinct for their ability to model stimulation intensities that vary non-linearly across time. These can be placed on any segment of any section of a built cell, individual or network, and their precise values, including amplitude and duration of stimulation, delay time of activation in a run and time decay parameters (for synapses), can be defined from the point process manager module. When implemented into a network as synapses, point process parameters are defined in the synapse builder for a particular network cell. Graphs describing voltage, conductance, and current axes over time can be used to describe changes in electrical state at the location of any segment on the cell.  Neuron allows for graphs of change at both individual points over time, and across an entire section through time. Duration of run can be set. All point processes, including those standing for cells or synapses of artificial neurons, and all graphs reflect the duration.

Examples
This example creates a simple cell, with a single compartment soma and a multi compartment axon. It has the dynamics of the cell membrane simulated using Hodgkin-Huxley squid axon kinetics. The simulator stimulates the cell and runs for 50 ms.

//create two sections, the body of the neuron and a very long axon
create soma, axon

soma {
	//length is set to 100 micrometers
	L = 100
	//diameter is set to 100 micrometers
	diam = 100
	//insert a mechanism simulating the standard squid Hodgkin–Huxley channels
	insert hh
	//insert a mechanism simulating the passive membrane properties
	insert pas
}
axon {
	L = 5000
	diam = 10
	insert hh
	insert pas
	//the axon shall be simulated using 10 compartments. By default a single compartment is used
	nseg = 10
}

//connect the proximal end of the axon to the distal end of the soma
connect axon(0), soma(1)

//declare and insert a current clamp into the middle of the soma
objref stim
soma stim = new IClamp(0.5)

//define some parameters of the stimulus: delay, duration (both in ms) and amplitude (in nA)
stim.del = 10
stim.dur = 5
stim.amp = 10

//load a default NEURON library file that defines the run routine
load_file("stdrun.hoc")
//set the simulation to run for 50 ms
tstop = 50

//run the simulation
run()

A plot can be generated showing the voltage traces starting from the soma and the distal end of the axon. The action potential at the end of the axon arrives slightly later than it appears in the soma at the point of stimulation. The plot is membrane voltage versus time.

References

External links
 The NEURON Book
 A Neuron tutorial
 NEURON documentation at Yale University
 Screenshot of the network builder, displaying a completed simple network

Computational neuroscience

Neuron (software)


St Bartholomew's Church is a Church of England parish church in Bathealton, Somerset, England. It was built in 1854 to the designs of C. E. Giles and is a Grade II listed building. Today the church is part of the Wellington and District Team Ministry.

History
The first church to be built on the site of St Bartholomew's is believed to date to the early 14th century. The church was rebuilt in the 16th century using money bequeathed by the 1542 will of Elizabeth Siddenham. The chancel was rebuilt in 1774 and other major repairs were later made to the building, but its condition had deteriorated by the 1850s, prompting a faculty to be obtained in 1853 for its demolition and replacement.

Plans for the new church were drawn up by Charles Edmund Giles of Taunton, and it was built at the sole expense of Henry Gorges Moysey of Bathealton Court, for a cost of £1,881. It was consecrated by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, the Right Rev. Robert Eden, on 18 September 1854.

In 1901, Mrs. Burton Borough of Milverton gifted a clock for the church's tower. The church underwent repair in circa 1964, including treatment of the roof timbers and other woodwork in the church for beetle infestation and wet rot, re-pointing of joints in the external masonry, replacement of broken slates on the roof and other general repairs.

Architecture
St Bartholomew's is built of coursed and squared red sandstone, with dressings in white limestone and a tiled roof. The church is made up of a three-bay nave, chancel, north aisle, north-east vestry, south porch and a three-stage west tower. The tower contains four bells and has crenellations and a staircase turret.

The interior contains many fittings dating from the mid-19th century and a four-centred arch arcade with octagonal moulded piers. The church incorporates a lintel from its Elizabethan predecessor, which is now located in the bell ringing chamber.

References

Churches in Somerset
Church of England church buildings in Taunton Deane
Grade II listed churches in Somerset
Churches completed in 1854

St Bartholomew's Church, Bathealton


Matthew Sherman (October 31, 1827 – July 5, 1898) was a land developer and American Republican politician from California.

Born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, he enlisted in the U.S. Navy at age 13 and served on the  and the . During the Mexican–American War, his ship briefly visited Monterey, California. During the Civil War, he served as Captain of the California Volunteers. He was at San Diego during the war and liked the city so much that he came back permanently after the war.

Sherman started out in San Diego as a Customs Collector. He married Augusta Jane Barrett on May 10, 1867. They had three children.

Sherman was a developer in San Diego and created "Sherman's Addition," or "Sherman's Heights", located just east of downtown. He bought this land in June 1867, a month after Alonzo Horton purchased land for New Town San Diego (now downtown).

He became a prominent business leader. He was interested in bringing a transcontintal railroad to San Diego, but his efforts were unsuccessful, as were later efforts with others for the San Diego and Gila Railroad. Finally, though, in 1885 the California Southern Railroad finished a line from San Bernardino to San Diego causing population and land sales to boom, earning much money for Sherman.

After the boom faded in the 1890s, Sherman became active in civic affairs, being elected to the city's Board of Trustees, and later the San Diego County Board of Supervisors. Sherman was Mayor of San Diego in 1891 and 1893. He was the first mayor elected on a straight party ticket (the previous mayor was elected with two separate Republican tickets), winning by just 18 votes.

While mayor, the first Cabrillo Landing celebration was held, honoring the 350th anniversary of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo's arrival in San Diego Bay. The boat containing "Cabrillo" was late and the tide went out in the meantime. When the Cabrillo party arrived, the crowd surged, pushing Mayor Sherman and other officials into the tidal mud.

Matthew Sherman died at age 70, in 1898, and his wife Augusta died January 5, 1913. They are interred in Mount Hope Cemetery; Augusta was the one who named the cemetery. Sherman was eulogized as a man of strong character, yet "gentle in manner and approachable. ... He was a man who had many friends and few enemies."

See also
 , v. 2, pp. 48–52: "Captain Matthew Sherman"; includes portrait.

External links
 "Matthew Sherman: Pioneer San Diegan", The Journal of San Diego History 18:4 (Fall 1972) by Clare Crane
 "San Diego's First Cabrillo Celebration, 1892", The Journal of San Diego History 30:3 (Summer 1984) by Sally Bullard Thornton

1827 births
1898 deaths
Mayors of San Diego
California Republicans
19th-century American politicians
Burials at Mount Hope Cemetery (San Diego)

Matthew Sherman


Hard to Kill is a 1990 American vigilante action-thriller film directed by Bruce Malmuth, starring Steven Seagal, Kelly LeBrock, William Sadler and Frederick Coffin. Seagal's second film after Above the Law, he portrays Mason Storm, a detective who falls into a coma after being shot during a home invasion that killed his wife. Reawakening seven years later, Storm embarks on a journey to avenge the death of his wife, and expose the corruption of Senator Vernon Trent, the man who ordered the murder of his family. The film was released on February 9, 1990, and grossed $59 million.

Plot
In 1983, Mason Storm (Steven Seagal), a Los Angeles police internal affairs detective investigates a mob meeting that takes place by a pier. He records a shadowy figure who assures the mob they can rely on his political support. Mason is spotted, but escapes. Unaware that he is monitored by corrupt cops, Mason informs his partner, Becker, and his friend Lt. O'Malley that he has evidence of corruption.

Mason hides the videotape in his house. When he goes upstairs, a hit squad composed of corrupt policemen, including Jack Axel and Max Quentero, break in and proceed to murder Mason's wife and shoot him. Mason's young son, Sonny, escapes out of a window. The corrupt policemen frame Mason, making it look like a murder-suicide. At the same time, assassins kill Mason's partner. Later at the hospital, Mason is first pronounced dead, but is then discovered to be alive, although in a coma. To prevent the assassins from finishing the job, Lieutenant O'Malley tells the medics to keep Mason's status a secret.

Seven years later, Mason wakes from his coma. Andy Stewart (Kelly LeBrock), one of his nurses, makes a phone call, which is intercepted by corrupt police officers. They send Axel to finish the job and kill the nurses to whom Mason might have talked. Mason realizes that he is still in danger, but his muscles have atrophied to where he can barely move. He manages to get to an elevator, and when Andy sees her co-workers killed, she helps Mason escape.

Needing time to recuperate, Andy takes Mason to a friend's house, where Mason uses his knowledge of acupuncture, moxibustion and other meditation techniques to recover his strength. While training, Mason hears a commercial for Senator Vernon Trent and recognizes the voice from the pier. Mason contacts O'Malley, who supplies him with weapons and tells him that his son is still alive. O'Malley adopted Sonny and sent him to a private school so that he would be out of danger. He arranges to meet O'Malley and his now-teenage son at a train station later. After O'Malley leaves, Senator Trent's men find the house and attempt to kill Andy and Mason, but they both manage to escape.

Posing as a real estate agent, Mason recovers the hidden videotape from his old house. O'Malley and Sonny arrive at the train station, but are confronted by some of the Senator's men. Sonny flees with the tape, but O'Malley is killed. When Mason arrives, he sees Sonny running away from Quentero and Nolan. Mason catches up with the men and subdues Nolan by breaking his leg and throwing him in a trash bin. He then beats up Quentero and recognizes him as one of the men who took part in the assault on Mason's home. Mason proceeds to snap Quentero's neck, killing him. After a brief reunion with his son, Mason goes after Senator Trent.

Mason sneaks into the Senator's mansion and manages to eliminate his men one by one. Mason fights with Axel in the billiard room and avenges his wife by jamming a broken pool cue into Axel's neck, killing him. Next, Mason leaves a death taunt to Capt. Hulland, another corrupt cop who betrayed Mason to Trent, and stalks Hulland through the house before cornering the corrupt captain near the fireplace. Mason then strangles Hulland with his necktie and breaks his neck, killing him as well. Mason finally confronts Senator Trent and holds him at gunpoint when the police storm the mansion. However, they reveal that they had already seen the film and knew that Mason was set up. Trent is arrested, and Mason is reunited with Andy and his son as the footage from the videotape is played on the news, showing Trent coming out of the shadows.

Cast

Reception

Box office
Hard to Kill debuted at number 1 at the U.S. box office with an opening weekend gross of $9.2 million, the biggest 3-day February opening at the time. It eventually grossed $47.4 million in the United States and Canada and $59 million total box office worldwide

Critical response
It holds a 33% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 15 reviews; the average rating is 4.1/10. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly rated it a letter grade of D− and called Seagal as generic an actor as the film.  In describing the film as "a lively one for its genre", Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Mr. Seagal is effective for both his novelty value and his ability to be both literally and figuratively disarming."

See also
 Cheetah
 Ram Shastra

References

External links

1990 films
1990 action thriller films
American action thriller films
American martial arts films
Fictional portrayals of the Los Angeles Police Department
American films about revenge
Films directed by Bruce Malmuth
Films scored by David Michael Frank
Films set in 1983
Films set in 1990
Films set in Los Angeles
Films shot in California
American vigilante films
Warner Bros. films
1990 martial arts films
1990s vigilante films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
English-language action thriller films

Hard to Kill


Otis Bryant Thayer (1862 – August 16, 1935) was an American actor, director, producer and owner of silent era film production companies. Before his film career he was a stage actor and operatic comedian. By 1910, he piloted the Chicago based Selig Polyscope Company filming westerns on locations at Canon City. He founded the Art-O-Graf film company of Denver in 1919. And by 1920, he was the president of the "Superior Foto Play Company."

Career
As a director
1911 - The Bully of Bingo Gulch, A Romance of the Rio Grande, Circumstantial Evidence
1912 - An Equine Hero, The Whiskey Runners, A Cowboy's Mother, The Wayfarer, The Boob, An Unexpected Fortune, The Peculiar Nature of the White Man's Burden, The Double Cross, Murray the Masher, The Adopted Son, The Mystery of Room 29, A Citizen in the Making, The Vagabonds, According to Law, Jack and Jingles, Driftwood, His Chance to Make Good, All on Account of Checkers, The Slip, Hypnotized, The 'Diamond S' Ranch, The Horseshoe, The Girl He Left Behind, , A Cowboy's Best Girl, A Modern Ananias, Two Men and a Girl
1913 - Saved by the Juvenile Court
1914 - Across the Border, Bringing in the Law, The Romance of Copper Gulch, Pirates of the Plains, The Ace of Diamonds, The Range War
1915 - Montana Blunt, Out of the Silence, The Word, Told in the Rockies, The Parasite's Double, The Cost, The Greater Barrier
1916 - The Unborn, The Awakening of Bess Morton, The Sins That Ye Sin
1917 - The Love of Princess Olga, The Prodigal's Return, The Mystery of No. 47, A Social Climber, The Daughter of Gas House Dan, The Evil Sag, Two-Dollar Gloves, A Question of Honesty, Father and Son, The Boob, The Power of Pin Money, The Great Treasure
1918 - Little Red Riding Hood
1919 - Miss Arizona (1919 Film)
1920 - A Desperate Tenderfoot, Wolves of the Street (1920 Film), The Desert Scorpion
1921 - Out of the Depths (1921 Film), The Outlaw's Revenge, The Golden Lure, A Western Feud, Finders Keepers (1921 Film)
1923 - Riders of the Range (1923 Film)
1928 - Tracy the Outlaw, Finders Keepers

As an actor
1911 - Western Hearts, Why the Sheriff Is a Bachelor, Told in Colorado, A Tennessee Love Story, A New York Cowboy, A Fair Exchange, The Warrant, Dan Thomas - the Sheriff, Two Lives, The New Editor, The Mission Worker, Montana Anna, A Novel Experiment, Busy Day at the Selig
1912 - Circumstantial Evidence, The Wayfarer, The Boob, The Double Cross, Murray the Masher
1914 - Pirates of the Plains
1920 - The Desert Scorpion

As a writer
1911 - The Bully of Bingo Gulch, A Romance of the Rio Grande
1912 - The Scapegoat, Riders of the Range

As a producer
1928 - Tracy the Outlaw

Personal life and death
Educated in Freeport, Illinois. Son of William Henry Harrison and Letitia Ann (Morgan) Thayer, husband of Gertrude M. Cavagna.

Founder of Art-O-Graf Film Co., and was President and Director for General Superior Foto Play Company.

References

External links

 tcm.com

1862 births
1935 deaths
American directors
20th-century American male actors
People from Richland Center, Wisconsin
Film producers from Wisconsin

Otis B. Thayer


A9.com was a former subsidiary of Amazon that developed search engine and search advertising technology. A9 was based in Palo Alto, California, with teams in Seattle, Bangalore, Beijing, Dublin, Iași, Munich and Tokyo. A9 has development efforts in areas of product search, cloud search, visual search, augmented reality, advertising technology and community question answering.

History

A9, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, was founded in 2003 with an exclusive focus on producing technology for search and advertising. They moved into the building previously used by the DEC Systems Research Center in Palo Alto, California.  One purpose of A9.com was to leverage algorithms, and the name was chosen as a numeronym to represent that word (i.e. 'A' + 9 other letters). The office was in Silicon Valley, near Stanford University. Under the direction of its first president, Udi Manber, A9 focused on several areas, including the A9.com destination website, product search, and a search advertising platform.  Some early A9 services such as "search inside the book" continued, while others have been discontinued. The A9 search engine powered product search for Amazon.com and several other eCommerce retailers.

In February 2006, Manber was replaced by David L. Tennenhouse as president.  In September 2006, William Stasior, one of A9's founders and a former AltaVista and Amazon.com executive, was named president. In June 2009, A9 acquired SnapTell, which developed smartphone-based visual search applications.

Stasior left in October 2012 to join Apple Inc. to work on Siri. Brian Pinkerton, who had developed WebCrawler in the 1990s,  became general manager of A9 in 2012.

In 2019, after reporting from The Wall Street Journal revealed that Amazon had changed its search algorithm to favor more profitable products, Amazon took down the A9.com site and pointed the domain name to Amazon's home page.

Past projects

A9.com search portal

A9.com originally operated a search portal, along with an A9 toolbar, which was first demonstrated on April 14, 2004.  The service featured some innovative design elements, allowing users to choose from over 400 sources to search and view results in separate columns grouped by source. In addition to web search results, users could get product search results from Amazon, encyclopedia results from Wikipedia, movie information from IMDb, and others, starting in September 2004. Web search results were provided by different search engines over time.  The search portal functionality was discontinued in 2008.

OpenSearch

A9 developed a protocol called OpenSearch that enabled the "plug-in" search source functionality from the A9.com portal.  The original specification, OpenSearch 1.0, was released in March 2005.  A9 made the protocol freely available through a Creative Commons license.

BlockView

A9 developed the first service that allowed users of maps and "yellow pages" (a telephone directory) to view buildings at street level.  Called BlockView, the service was announced in January 2005.  Within a year, the service included images for 24 US cities.  Both BlockView and maps (as well as support for the A9 tool bar) were discontinued in September 2006.

Clickriver

In November 2006, A9 announced Clickriver, an advertising program that let third parties place advertisements on Amazon.com pages.
Clickriver focused primarily on products and services that complemented Amazon's own offerings.  For example, if a customer viewed a television on Amazon, a Clickriver ad might offer installation services in his or her local area.  Clickriver was discontinued in 2010, replaced by other Amazon advertising programs.

Community question answering
A9 operated Askville, a community-based question-and-answer site first tested in December 2006. Service began in November 2007.  Compared with other question-and-answer sites, Askville focused more on social interaction, allowing users to follow other users as well as track specific topics.
On October 25, 2013, Askville was shut down.

CloudSearch
CloudSearch is a managed Amazon Web Services service that makes client data searchable.  For example, a business that wanted to allow customers to search their catalog could upload the catalog entries to CloudSearch and then route search requests from their application or web site to the service.  CloudSearch instances could be brought online as data or traffic volume demanded.  Sites using CloudSearch included SmugMug, and Sage Bionetworks.

In March 2014, Amazon moved away from using A9 for CloudSearch to technology based on Apache Solr.

Recent projects

Product search
A9 continued to develop and operate the service that provides search on all nine Amazon.com sites, as well as other retail sites owned by Amazon such as Endless.com, Javari.de, and Audible.com.  In addition, A9 search is also used by other retailers, such as Marks & Spencer, that license the Amazon retail platform for their online presence.

A9 provided the "search inside the book" capability for Amazon. Announced in 2003, this service allows customers to search through the full text of hundreds of thousands of books.  This feature is available both for searching individual books and for the entire book catalog.

Visual search

The visual search group at A9 created  mobile applications that recognize objects and allow users to find these products on Amazon.com.  Their first augmented reality app, Flow, provided both object and barcode recognition. It was released in 2011.

A9 visual search technology powers features to let customers search for certain products (such as shoes) by shape, and find visually similar items on Amazon.com, Zappos.com, Endless.com, and other retail sites.

Advertising technology

A9's advertising technology group began delivering sponsored link advertisements on the Amazon.com retail Web site in 2003 and continued to manage this program for Amazon properties. A9 also invested in display advertising technology, including technology for Amazon's ad-supported e-reader, the Kindle with special offers.

References

Defunct internet search engines
Amazon (company)
Internet properties established in 2004
Web mapping
Creative Commons-licensed authors

A9.com


The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) is an emergency radio service authorized in Part 97.407 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations governing amateur radio in the United States.

The concept of a standby "Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service" to replace the conventional "Amateur Radio Service" during wartime was developed in 1952 as result of input from the American Radio Relay League and the Department of the Army's Office of Civil Defense.  During World War II, the Amateur Radio Service had been silenced and a new War Emergency Radio Service (WERS) had to be created from scratch in a process that took six months.

The resulting standby RACES service was designed to provide a quicker and smoother transition in the event the President ever needed to silence the regular Amateur Radio Service again when invoking the War Powers Act of 1941. Despite many wars involving the United States since 1952, this has never happened.

Enrollment
FCC licensed amateur radio operators may choose to enroll in RACES in order to provide emergency communications supporting the state, county and local emergency management agencies.  The operator registers their amateur radio license and their station with the appropriate emergency management official and may receive credentials according to the emergency management agency's policies.

Activation
RACES stations are only activated by the state, county or local emergency management authority to operate on their behalf.  Only amateur radio stations who have previously registered with state and local governments to provide emergency radio communications for them in times of emergency can be activated. Other amateur radio operations might be suspended and operations under the RACES rules might be restricted to certain frequencies within the amateur radio bands.

If amateur radio operators, registered as RACES stations, regularly conduct on air training but not at the request or direction of the emergency management official, then those stations are operating in the amateur radio service and not RACES.

In addition to wartime communications, operations under the RACES rules can provide or supplement communications during emergencies where normal communication systems have sustained damage. It may be used in a wide variety of situations, including natural disasters, technological disasters, nuclear accidents, nuclear attack, terrorist incidents, and bomb threats.

Participation
In the past, actual RACES station licenses were also issued to civil defense organizations.  To prevent abuse of station licenses by officials who were not licensed amateur radio operators, limitations on the duration of non-emergency operation and stations that might be contacted were incorporated into part 97.407.  Such RACES station licenses are no longer issued, and any operations under the RACES rules would now use licensed amateur radio operators as control operators.

In daily practice, most amateur radio operators enrolled with their local government for possible operations under the RACES rules are also members of the Amateur Radio Emergency Service, organized by the American Radio Relay League.  ARES provides emergency communications in the conventional Amateur Radio Service without the need for an emergency declaration from the government or direction from the emergency management official.

See also
 Amateur Radio Emergency Communications
 Amateur Radio Emergency Service
 Emergency management
 Military Auxiliary Radio System
 NetHope
 RAYNET in the United Kingdom.
 Salvation Army Team Emergency Radio Network, SATERN, US
 Skywarn

References

External links
 State/Local Guidance from FEMA.  RACES is mentioned in the plan (issued after the CPG 1-15 document)
 An interpretation of FEMA document CPG 1-15.  This document is referenced by the SLG document from FEMA.
 ARRL ARES manual (2015). See chapter 2. It answers the question, "Is RACES an organization?".
 CPG 1-15 and CPG 101 are both obsolete and have been absorbed into the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101, currently on Version 3.0 (September 2021).
Amateur radio emergency communications organizations
Disaster preparedness in the United States
Emergency communication
Organizations established in 1952
United States communications regulation
1952 establishments in the United States

Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service


Penang cuisine is the cuisine of the multicultural society of Penang, Malaysia. Most of these cuisine are sold at road-side stalls, known as "hawker food" and colloquially as "muckan carts".  Local Penangites typically find these hawker fares cheaper and easier to eat out at due to the ubiquitousness of the hawker stalls and that they are open for much of the day and night. Penang island. On February 22, 2013, Penang was ranked by CNN Travel as one of the top ten street food cities in Asia. Penang has also been voted by Lonely Planet as the top culinary destination in 2014.

Snacks

Indian
 Apom (Tamil: அப்பம்)—Indian-style pancake with a thin skin. It is crispy outside but soft and thick in the middle. Unlike apom balik (ban chean kuih), it has no fillings.
 Appalam (Tamil: அப்பளம்)—a thin, crisp disc-shaped cracker typically based on a seasoned dough made from black gram (urad flour), fried or cooked with dry heat. Flours made from other sources such as lentils, chickpeas, rice, or potato, can be used.
 Samosa (Tamil: சமோசா)—fried or baked pastry with a savoury filling, such as spiced potatoes, onions, peas, lentils, macaroni, noodles, and/or minced meat
 Bhajji (Tamil: பஜ்ஜி)—a spicy Indian snack similar to a fritter.

Chinese
 Eu char kuih (Chinese: 油炸粿) - Chinese-style deep-fried bread sticks usually eaten with congee or almond cream.
 Lor bak (鹵肉) - marinated minced pork, rolled in thin soybean sheets and then deep-fried. Usually served with a small bowl of loh (a thick broth thickened with corn-starch and beaten eggs) and chili sauce.
 Phong pneah (Chinese: 清糖餅) - Chinese light brown pastry filled with melted white sugar.

Peranakan
 Popiah (Chinese: 薄餅) - Teochew style spring roll with a filling which consists of turnip, beancurd, egg bits and a dash of chilli paste and sweet sauce.

Malay
 Otak-otak - fresh fish fillets are blended with light spices, coconut milk, kaffir lime leaves and other aromatic herbs, into a sort of fish mousse. The fish mousse is wrapped in banana leaves and steamed or grilled. It is stated that the dish originated from Johor.

Main dishes

 Banana leaf rice (Tamil: வாழையிலைச் சோறு கறி) - white rice (or parboiled rice in authentic South Indian restaurants) is served on a banana leaf with an assortment of vegetables, curried meat or fish, pickles, and/or papadum. Is very much part of the few favourite local food in Penang particularly along Little India within the George Town Heritage zone.
Biryani (Tamil: பிரியாணி) - also known as nasi beriani and has many different variant.
 Fish head curry (Tamil: மீன் தலை கறி)  - head of the red snapper stewed with vegetables such as okra, tomato and brinjals in a curry, usually served with rice. Passion of Kerala at New World Park, Burmah Road, is famous for this dish.
 Mee Goreng Mamak (Tamil: மாமா வறுத்த மி) - it is made with thin yellow noodles fried with garlic, onion or shallots, fried prawn, chicken, chili, tofu, vegetables, tomatoes, egg and spices, giving this fried noodle dish a distinctly unique Indian flavor.
 Mee Rebus (Tamil: அவித்த மி) - a rich gravy made out of sweet potatoes, is ladled over fresh yellow egg noodles and bean sprouts. It is garnished with cooked squid, prawn fritters, boiled egg and fried shallots. A squeeze of a fresh local lime before serving.
 Nasi Kandar (Tamil: நாசிக் கண்டார்) - a meal of steamed rice which can be plain or mildly flavoured, and served with a variety of curries and side dishes . Among the most well-known is a place called Line Clear, off Penang Road.
 Pasembur (Tamil: பசெம்பூர்) - a spicy salad dish consists of fried titbits and shreded vegetable sold by Indian Muslims.
 Penang Acar (Tamil: பினாங்கு ஊறுகாய்) - Indian pickles. Known as Urukai in Tamil language, made from certain individual varieties of vegetables and fruits that are chopped into small pieces and cooked in edible oils like sesame oil or brine with many different spices
 Bak kut teh (Chinese: 肉骨茶) -  literally translates as "meat bone tea", the soup dish consists of meaty pork ribs and meatballs simmered in a complex broth of herbs and spices.
 Bee Tai Bak or Mee Tai Mak (Chinese: 米苔目) - silver needle noodles served with clear soup and minced pork.
 Char Koay Kak (Chinese: 炒粿角) - stir-fried rice cake.
 Char Koay Teow (Chinese: 炒粿條) - fried flat rice noodles with chilli spices with seafood typically prawns and cockles (and typically with fried eggs). (A stall at a corner along Chulia Street which uses distinctive narrower noodles than other vendors.)
 Claypot chicken rice (Chinese: 砂煲飯) - another popular hawker food in Penang comprises chicken cooked in a claypot over a fire, served with Chinese sausages, egg, salted fish and mushroom.
 Duck soup noodles  (Chinese: 鴨腿麵線) - a complex savoury herbal soup served with Thin vermicelli and topped with a duck drumstick.
 Fried Oyster Omelette or Oh Chien (Chinese: 蚵煎) - an oyster omelette dish available at many hawker stalls and coffee shops in Penang. Garnished with coriander or parsley, the omelette is served with a dip made of chilli sauce and garlic paste.
 Hainanese chicken rice (Chinese: 海南雞飯) - a dish of Hainanese origin consists of rice cooked in chicken stock, and served with either roasted or steamed chicken, sometimes with sliced cucumber, bean sprout, spring onions and parsley.
 Hokkien mee or Hae Mee (Chinese: 福建麵 in Penang, 虾面 in Kuala Lumpur) - rice and egg noodles, served together with hard boiled eggs, small prawns, meat slices, bean sprouts and kangkung (water spinach) in a spicy prawn & pig bone (Chinese: 肉骨) stock.
 Lor mee (Chinese: 鹵麵) - rice and egg noodles in broth thickened with corn starch and beaten eggs, served with eggs (some feature duck eggs), meat slices and bean sprouts. The noteworthy stall is located next to the Goddess of Mercy Temple, with branches in Jones Road and Pulau Tikus
 Wan Than Mee (Chinese: 雲吞麵) - also known as Tok-tok Mee from the sound of knocking bamboo sticks made by the vendors in former times to draw attention to their food, of a dish of egg noodles and wontons with sliced barbecued pork and vegetables.
 Penang Laksa (Malay: Laksa Pulau Pinang), a dish of thick round rice noodles in a spicy and sour tamarind-based (or assam fruit-based) fish soup. The dish is garnished with mint, cucumber, onions, shreadded lettuce and pineapple.
 Nasi Lemuni - A rice dish that blended with daun lemuni, garlic, ginger, fenugreek, lemongrass, onion and salt.

Dessert

 Almond cream - a local dessert available at Restoran Traditional Home of Dessert along Kimberley Street which has been operating at the road side stall for three decades. Many people who have tasted it have described it as having the smell of cockroaches and a bitter aftertaste. It is usually served with eu char koay (fried bread fritters).
 Cendol - a dessert with green noodles in coconut milk, brown sugar and shaved ice.
 Tau Foo Fah or Tau Hua (Chinese: 豆腐花) - Chinese pudding made with soft tofu in sugar syrup.
 Ice kacang (Malay: Ais Kacang) - sweet red beans, seaweed jelly, barley pearls, sweet corn and fruits are covered with shaved ice, then laced with rose syrup, brown sugar syrup and sweetened condensed milk.
 Pulot tartal -  a Nyonya glutinous rice dessert
 Rojak - a fruit and vegetable dish in shrimp and chilli paste.

References

Penang

Penang cuisine