Jonathan Cocker (born 24 August 1986) is a British racing driver. In 2012 he won the  ELMS GTE Pro Championship. He competed in the American Le Mans Series (ALMS) for Drayson Racing, a team run by Paul Drayson.

Career
Cocker, who was born in Cheshire, began his racing career in T Cars in 2001, aged 14. In 2003, he progressed to the Porsche Carrera Cup Great Britain, finishing fourth in the standings. He also competed in a Porsche Supercup event at Silverstone Circuit in support of the British Grand Prix. In 2004 he became the youngest driver to win the British GT Championship, aged 18. In 2005 he won the Porsche Carrera Cup Asia.

In 2006, Cocker began racing an Aston Martin DBRS9 for Barwell Motorsport in the FIA GT3 European Championship and British GT Championship. In 2007, he shared the bio-ethanol powered car in British GT with United Kingdom Minister Paul Drayson, the pair finishing second. In 2008, Cocker graduated with Drayson-Barwell Racing to the American Le Mans Series (ALMS) racing an Aston Martin Vantage GT2.

In 2009, Cocker and Drayson made their debuts at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the Vantage GT2, sharing with Marino Franchitti. Cocker and Drayson also drove the car in the 2009 Le Mans Series season. At the end of the season, the team switched to an LMP1 Lola B09/60-Judd, racing the car at two rounds of the ALMS and in the Asian Le Mans Series. Cocker achieved Pole and fastest lap in both races.

In 2010 Cocker and Drayson competed the season in ALMS in the Lola Judd B09/60 LMP1 bioethanol race car with Cocker (after taking pole) and Drayson achieved their first victory in ALMS during 2010 at Road America when Cocker went from fourth to first in the last four laps of the race.

Cocker came 3rd in the ALMS LMP1 championship with Drayson Racing who came 3rd in the LMP1 Teams Championship.

In 2012 Cocker competed with JMW Motorsport returning to the Le Mans Endurance Series in the GTE Pro Class in a Ferrari 458 Italia. Cocker won the first  race at Paul Ricard followed by pole and a second win at Donington Park which led to him being crowned ELMS GTE Pro Champion, the 3rd title of his career.

Cocker competed for the 3rd time at the infamous Le Mans 24hr with James Walker and Roger Wills in the JMW Motorsport  458 Ferrari Italia.

During 2012 Cocker competed with Dempsey Racing in the ALMS Laguna Seca race in their newly acquired Lola Coupe LMP2 race car.

During 2013 Jonny Cocker is currently the Drayson Racing development driver and clocked up 205.941 mph beating the flying kilometre record by more than 35 mph faster than the previous record. "It was fantastic, a really great experience. You dont look at the speedo, you concentrate on doing the best job you can because you  go any faster than flat out. We were confident because of all the work we've put in. Also, we had a few days testing a week or so ago when we went over 200mph, but its doing it on the day that counts".

The record breaking car was a special low drag version of the Drayson B12 69/EV Electric Le Mans prototype car. Normally the car as two motors per wheel, a 30k Wh battery which produces 850 bhp and weighs 1,095 kg. In its world record guise it had special bodywork, a lightweight 20k Wh high powered battery and crucially it weighed less than 1,000 kg ensuring it met the one-tonne electric land speed record car rules.

Jonny Cocker secured a podium spot at the Goodwood Festival of Speed weekend in July 2013 with a third-place finish for the all-electric B12 69/EV. It was the electric hypercar's first high-profile run since it broke the FIA World Electric Land Speed Record for sub-1000 kg cars with Lord Drayson at the wheel. Back in its high downforce circuit specification, the B12 69/EV, which was driven by Jonny Cocker for the weekend and recorded a best time of 47.34 seconds in Sunday's final shootout, just 0.02 secs behind the second placed Peugeot 20 T16 that won at Pikes Peak earlier in the year. This represents a new electric record at the Goodwood Festival of Speed, over 6 seconds faster than the time set when the car made its Goodwood hill debut last year. That underlines the rapid progress being made by Drayson Racing in developing its electric powertrain technology.

24 Hours of Le Mans results

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
English racing drivers
British GT Championship drivers
American Le Mans Series drivers
European Le Mans Series drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
Porsche Supercup drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
Sportspeople from Cheshire
Asian Le Mans Series drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup GB drivers
Ecurie Ecosse drivers
Porsche Carrera Cup Asia drivers

Jonny Cocker


The 2023 Double or Nothing was the fifth annual Double or Nothing professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by All Elite Wrestling (AEW). It took place during Memorial Day weekend on May 28, 2023, at the T-Mobile Arena in the Las Vegas suburb of Paradise, Nevada.

Eleven matches were contested at the event, including one on The Buy In pre-show. In the event's final match, which was promoted as part of a double main event, Blackpool Combat Club (Bryan Danielson, Jon Moxley, Claudio Castagnoli, and Wheeler Yuta) defeated The Elite (Kenny Omega, Matt Jackson, Nick Jackson, and "Hangman" Adam Page) in an Anarchy in the Arena match. The other main event, which was the penultimate match, saw MJF defeat Sammy Guevara, Darby Allin, and "Jungle Boy" Jack Perry in a four-way match to retain the AEW World Championship. In other prominent matches, Wardlow defeated Christian Cage in a Ladder match to retain the AEW TNT Championship, and in the opening bout, Orange Cassidy won the 21-man Blackjack Battle Royal to retain the AEW International Championship. The event also saw the return of Kris Statlander, who answered Jade Cargill's open challenge and defeated her to win the AEW TBS Championship, ending Cargill's undefeated streak and record reign at 508 days.

Double or Nothing was held on the same day as NXT Battleground, a livestreaming event produced by WWE for its developmental brand, NXT. This marked the first time since April 1989 that two major promotions produced major events head-to-head, after WWE's WrestleMania V and World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Clash of the Champions VI.

Production

Background

Double or Nothing is considered All Elite Wrestling's (AEW) marquee event, having first been held in 2019, which was the promotion's first professional wrestling event and first pay-per-view (PPV) produced. It is held annually during Memorial Day weekend and is one of AEW's "Big Four" PPVs, which includes All Out, Full Gear, and Revolution, their four biggest shows produced quarterly. The event's name is a reference to its Las Vegas theme and it is traditionally held in the Las Vegas area in Paradise, Nevada. Exceptions from this norm occurred in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions that were in place at the time, but they maintained the Vegas theme.

On March 5, 2023, during the Revolution Zero Hour pre-show, it was announced that the fifth Double or Nothing event would take place on May 28 at the T-Mobile Arena, marking the second Double or Nothing held here, after the previous year's event. It was also announced that during Double or Nothing week, both Wednesday Night Dynamite and Friday Night Rampage would air live from the nearby MGM Grand Garden Arena—the location of the inaugural Double or Nothing—on May 24 and May 26, respectively. However, due to a potential TNT broadcast scheduling conflict, Rampage was rescheduled to air on tape delay as a special Saturday Night Rampage on May 27, with the event being taped immediately after the live broadcast of Dynamite, but this conflict ended up not happening, thus Rampage aired in its regular Friday time slot. Tickets for the events went on sale on March 17.

The event went head-to-head with NXT Battleground, a livestreaming event produced by WWE for its developmental brand, NXT. This marked the first time since 1989 that two major promotions produced major events head-to-head, after WWE's WrestleMania V (airing on PPV) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW)'s Clash of the Champions VI (airing on TBS). According to WWE executive Shawn Michaels, the scheduling was not intended for WWE to go head-to-head with AEW, but that it was just due to the holiday (Memorial Day weekend) as he said WWE events had always done well on holidays.

Storylines
Double or Nothing featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines were produced on AEW's weekly television programs, Dynamite and Rampage.

On the April 19 episode of Dynamite, a Four Pillars Tournament was announced, with the winner challenging MJF for the AEW World Championship at Double or Nothing. The participants of the tournament were revealed as Sammy Guevara, "Jungle Boy" Jack Perry, and Darby Allin—these three plus MJF had long been regarded as the "four pillars" of AEW. Guevara defeated Perry by countout with assistance from MJF in the semi-final match, while Allin received a bye to the final. The following week in the final, Guevara would again win with assistance from MJF, this time defeating Darby via disqualification, however, Tony Khan stated that the singles match between MJF and Guevara at Double or Nothing would only go ahead if they could beat Perry and Darby in a tag team match; if Perry and Allin won, the World Championship match at Double or Nothing would be a four-way match between MJF, Guevara, Perry, and Allin. On the May 3 episode, Perry and Allin won.

In October 2022, "Hangman" Adam Page began a feud with Jon Moxley of the Blackpool Combat Club (BCC). This culminated in a Texas Death match at Revolution that Page won. Page thought he was done with Moxley until Moxley and Claudio Castagnoli attacked Page's friends John Silver and Alex Reynolds of The Dark Order, prompting Page to come to their aid, with BCC turning heel. BCC (Moxley, Castagnoli, Bryan Danielson, and Wheeler Yuta) then defeated Page and The Dark Order (Evil Uno and Stu Grayson). Throughout that episode, the teams fought throughout the backstage area until Page was left alone until his former friends-turned-enemies The Elite (Kenny Omega, Matt Jackson, and Nick Jackson) got involved. While The Young Bucks (Matt and Nick) wanted to mend things with Page, Omega was still hesitant until the May 17 episode of Dynamite, when Page officially rejoined The Elite with Omega's approval. The Elite then challenged BCC (Moxley, Castagnoli, Danielson, Yuta) to an Anarchy in the Arena match at Double or Nothing, which was accepted.

On the May 17 episode of Dynamite, Orange Cassidy said that anyone who wanted to challenge him for the AEW International Championship could talk to AEW president Tony Khan to try and get a match as he would defend the title against anyone. It was later revealed that several wrestlers tried talking to Khan, and it was decided that Cassidy would defend the International Championship in a 21-man Blackjack Battle Royal at Double or Nothing.

On the March 15 episode of Dynamite, Taya Valkyrie made her AEW debut and began going after Jade Cargill and her AEW TBS Championship. The two had a match for the title on the April 26 episode in which Valkyrie was banned from using her finisher; Cargill won the match. A frustrated Valkyrie put her hands on referee Aubrey Edwards and was subsequently suspended. On the May 19 episode of Rampage, Cargill held an open challenge for her title. After defeating two challengers back-to-back, Valkyrie then made her return from suspension and attacked Cargill. She subsequently challenged Cargill for the TBS Championship at Double or Nothing, which was made official.

At Full Gear in November 2022, Jamie Hayter defeated Toni Storm to become the interim AEW Women's World Champion; she subsequently became the official champion after Thunder Rosa relinquished the lineal championship due to injury. In the weeks to come, Storm turned heel and allied with Saraya and Ruby Soho, dubbing themselves the Outcasts as they were not AEW originals. After several more weeks of feuding, on the May 17 episode of Dynamite, Storm challenged Hayter to a match for the AEW Women's World Championship at Double or Nothing, which was accepted. That same episode, it was reported that Hayter was injured, but Tony Khan said that despite not being medically cleared, Hayter still wanted to do the match so the match would proceed as planned.

After winning his third AEW TNT Championship on the April 19 episode of Dynamite, Wardlow was confronted by Christian Cage and Luchasaurus. Cage subsequently made his intentions clear that he wanted the TNT Championship. After weeks of feuding, on the May 17 episode of Dynamite, Wardlow challenged Cage to a match at Double or Nothing. Cage and Luchasaurus attacked Wardlow, putting him through a ladder, and Cage accepted, with the match scheduled as a ladder match.

After a long absence due to injury, Adam Cole made his return in early 2023 with his first match scheduled for the March 29 episode of Dynamite. A week prior, he delivered a promo, questioning who his first opponent would be, only to be interrupted by the Jericho Appreciation Society's (JAS) Daniel Garcia, which led to Cole challenging Garcia to be his first opponent since his return. The following week, Cole defeated Garcia, celebrating with his partner Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D. following the match. The celebration was interrupted by JAS leader Chris Jericho, who entered ringside and helped stablemate Garcia to the back. On the April 12 episode, Cole interrupted Jericho's celebration with Garcia after he had defeated Keith Lee, helping his former rival Lee to the back. The following week, Cole and Jericho met in the ring attempting to talk out their problems, however, this led to a brawl and a brutal assault on Cole and Baker. Cole's outnumbered feud with the JAS eventually led to the AEW debut of Roderick Strong, a former teammate of Cole's in NXT. After more feuding, an unsanctioned match between Cole and Jericho was scheduled for Double or Nothing, with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) alumnus Sabu named the special guest enforcer.

Event

Pre-show
There was only one match that took place on The Buy In pre-show, which saw The Hardys (Jeff Hardy and Matt Hardy) and Hook (accompanied by Isiah Kassidy) face Ethan Page and The Gunns (Austin Gunn and Colten Gunn), where if The Hardys and Hook won, Matt would gain control of Page's contract. In the closing stages, The Gunns delivered the 3:10 to Yuma to Matt, but Jeff broke up the pin with a Swanton Bomb. The Hardys then delivered stereo Twists of Fate to The Gunns and Page. Hook then locked in the Redrum on Page, forcing him to submit, thus Page became Matt's employee.

Preliminary matches
The pay-per-view opened with Orange Cassidy defending the AEW International Championship in a 21-man Blackjack Battle Royal. The end came down to Big Bill, Penta El Zero Miedo, Swerve Strickland, and Cassidy as the final four participants. Bill delivered a lariat to Penta, thus eliminating him. As Bill attempted a chokeslam on Cassidy, Strickland snuck up from behind and eliminated Bill. Cassidy performed a Stundog Millionaire, followed by a pump kick by Strickland. Cassidy then hit the Orange Punch, but Strickland held onto the ropes. Cassidy kicked Strickland's hands off the ropes, thus eliminating him and retaining the title.

The next match was an unsanctioned match between Adam Cole (accompanied by Roderick Strong) and Chris Jericho (accompanied by Jake Hager, Daniel Garcia, Matt Menard, and Angelo Parker), with Sabu serving as the special guest enforcer. In the opening stages, Cole delivered a Panama Sunrise on the apron to Jericho. Jericho then pushed Cole into the steel steps. As Jericho attempted a Lionsault, Cole countered into a mid-air superkick. As Cole attempted another Panama Sunrise, Jericho countered into the Walls of Jericho, but Cole reached the ropes. Jericho then delivered the Codebreaker and brought out a kendo stick. Dr. Britt Baker, D.M.D. then came out and started beating Jericho with a kendo stick. Saraya then came out and fought Baker to the back. Cole then performed a DDT to Jericho for a two count. Cole then delivered a superkick, a Panama Sunrise, and two Last Shots (with one with a chain wrapped around his knee). Cole then started punching Jericho with the chain wrapped around his hand, forcing referee Aubrey Edwards to stop the match, declaring Cole the winner via referee stoppage.

After that, FTR (Dax Harwood and Cash Wheeler) defended the AEW World Tag Team Championship against Jay Lethal and Jeff Jarrett (accompanied by Sonjay Dutt, Karen Jarrett, and Satnam Singh), with Mark Briscoe serving as the special guest referee. In the closing stages, as Jeff attempted to smash Harwood with a guitar, Harwood ducked and Jarrett instead hit Briscoe. FTR then delivered the Big Rig, but as Aubrey Edwards was coming down to count the pin, Karen smashed a guitar over her head. Lethal then delivered simultaneous Lethal Injections to FTR for a two count. FTR then delivered the Big Rig to Jeff for the win.

In the fourth match, Wardlow defended the AEW TNT Championship against Christian Cage in a Ladder match. In the closing stages, Cage delivered an inverted DDT off the ladder. Wardlow then performed an Alabama Slam to Cage. Wardlow then delivered a chair shot and a Senton Atomico from the top of a ladder through a table to Luchasaurus. Wardlow then performed a Powerbomb to Cage and climbed the ladder to retain the title.

Next, Jamie Hayter defended the AEW Women's World Championship against Toni Storm. Before the match started, Saraya and Ruby Soho attacked Hayter. Hayter delivered the Hayterade for a two count. Storm then performed the Storm Zero to become the first two-time AEW Women's World Champion.

After that, The House of Black (Malakai Black, Buddy Matthews, and Brody King, accompanied by Julia Hart) defended the AEW World Trios Championship against The Acclaimed (Anthony Bowens and Max Caster) and Billy Gunn. In the closing stages, Matthews delivered a Meteora to Bowens. King then performed a cannonball in the corner, but Caster broke up the pin. Gunn then delivered the Famouser, but Black immediately performed a Black Mass to Gunn for the win.

The next match was for the AEW TBS Championship contested between defending champion Jade Cargill (with Leila Grey and "Smart" Mark Sterling) and Taya Valkyrie. In the end, Valkyrie delivered a lariat, a Blue Thunder Bomb, and the Road to Valhalla for a two count. Cargill then performed a spear and the Jaded for the win. Immediately after, Cargill called out any woman to face her. This brought out the returning Kris Statlander, who had been out with an injury for the last several months. As Cargill attempted the Jaded, Statlander blocked it and performed the Big Bang to become the new champion, ending Cargill's reign at 508 days and making Cargill's record to 60–1.

In the penultimate match and the first of the double main event, MJF defended the AEW World Championship against "Jungle Boy" Jack Perry, Sammy Guevara, and Darby Allin. In the opening stages, Perry delivered a rebound lariat, but Allin followed it up with a poisonrana. Allin then performed Diamond Dust to MJF for a two count. Guevara then hit a superkick and a Spanish Fly for a two count. MJF delivered a powerbomb backbreaker for another two count. Allin then performed a Scorpion Death Drop, Guevara delivered a Codebreaker, and Perry hit a Killswitch, all to MJF. Guevara and Allin then simultaneously performed the Walls of Jericho and the Scorpion Death Lock on MJF and Perry, respectively. Guevara then delivered the Ace Crusher and Allin performed the Yoshi Tonic on MJF for a two count. MJF then delivered an avalanche powerbomb to Darby for a two count. Allin then hit the Last Supper to Perry for a two count. Guevara then delivered the GTH to Perry. As Guevara attempted the 450° splash, Allin pushed him off the ropes. As Allin attempted the Coffin Drop to Perry, MJF put the title belt over Perry's body, causing Allin to fall onto the belt. MJF then delivered a headlock takeover to Allin to retain the title.

Main event
The main event and the final match  was the Anarchy in the Arena match, contested between the Blackpool Combat Club (Bryan Danielson, Jon Moxley, Claudio Castagnoli, and Wheeler Yuta) and The Elite (Kenny Omega, Matt Jackson, Nick Jackson, and "Hangman" Adam Page). In the opening stages, the Blackpool Combat Club's entrance theme (the X cover of "Wild Thing") was performed live by the band Violent Idols, who kept repeating the song long after the match started in keeping with the general theme of the match. Danielson delivered a roundhouse kick to Page, who responded with a lariat. The Elite then performed simultaneous superkicks to the Blackpool Combat Club, after which Matt delivered locomotion northern lights suplexes to Yuta. Matt and Nick then stopped the band from playing by hitting a double superkick on its lead singer. Nick then hit a tope con giro on Castagnoli while Moxley suplexed Omega into barbed wire and stabbed a fork into Omega's forehead, followed by the action spilling out even further into the arena. Castagnoli hit a piledriver on Matt in the back of a pickup truck outside the arena, and Page hit the Dead Eye on Moxley. Page then hit Yuta with the Buckshot Lariat for a two count, followed by Danielson performing Busaiku Knees on Omega and Page. Yuta then hit a low blow on Matt and Moxley then delivered a Gotch-style piledriver to Nick. Moxley put a handful of thumb tacks in Matt's mouth while Castagnoli hit Nick with an uppercut. Omega delivered a V-Trigger to Castagnoli, then hit the One-Winged Angel on Danielson, but Yuta broke up the pin. As Page attempted the Buckshot Lariat again, Yuta ducked and jabbed Page in the face with a screwdriver. Omega set Yuta up for another One-Winged Angel, but Omega's former manager Don Callis appeared with Konosuke Takeshita, who had aligned himself with The Elite in recent weeks. Takeshita betrayed The Elite just as Callis had betrayed Omega a few weeks earlier, delivering a jumping knee strike to Omega and turning heel for the first time in his career. Yuta then rolled Omega up into a seatbelt pin to win the match.

Reception
Journalist Dave Meltzer of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter gave star ratings to each match of the night. He rated the AEW Women's World Championship match 1.25 stars, which was the lowest rated match of the night. He then gave the kick-off show match 1.75 stars, and the Blackjack Battle Royale 4.25 stars. Adam Cole vs Chris Jericho received 3.25 stars, which also carried over to the AEW Trios Championship match, which also received 3.25 stars. The AEW World Tag Team Championship match received 4 stars,  while the TNT Championship Ladder Match received 3.75 stars. Jade Cargill vs Taya Valkyrie received 2.75 stars, while the AEW World Championship match received 4.75 stars. Finally, the Anarchy in the Arena match received 5 stars, which made it the highest rated match of the night. The PPV received 140,000 buys, down from the previous year, which drew 155,000 buys.

Results

Four Pillars Tournament

Note – Due to winning the Four Pillars Tournament, Guevara was scheduled to face MJF for the AEW World Championship at Double or Nothing; however, the championship match was later turned into a four-way match also involving Allin and Perry.

References

External links

2023
2023 All Elite Wrestling pay-per-view events
2023 in professional wrestling
Events in Paradise, Nevada
May 2023 events in the United States
Professional wrestling shows in the Las Vegas Valley

Double or Nothing (2023)


Marco Perella (born May 18, 1949) is an American character actor and author, who has played a variety of small roles in motion pictures shot in Texas.

He is best known for his role in Boyhood (2014), playing an abusive alcoholic second husband, Professor Bill Welbrock, and for his bestselling book, Adventures of A No Name Actor (2001), a humorous autobiography recounting his struggles in the acting world.

Life and career
Perella was born in Houston, Texas, the son of Anthony Paul Perella and Edna Lee Drake. He studied at Stanford University, in Northern California, but left after his junior year. He then worked as a construction worker, firefighter, and musician, before auditioning for a role in West Side Story.

In 1984, he and actress Diane Perella were married in Texas. They have two children.

In the mid-1980s, Perella began to work in film and television. His debut was in Fandango (1985) starring Kevin Costner, but his scenes were cut before the theatrical release. He later took the role as a cab driver in D.O.A. (1988) starring Dennis Quaid and Meg Ryan. Other roles include a police sergeant in the made-for-TV movie Knight Rider 2000 (1991) starring David Hasselhoff, as the Mercer interrogator in Oliver Stone's JFK (1991) starring Kevin Costner, as a roadblock officer in A Perfect World (1993) starring Kevin Costner, Clint Eastwood, and Laura Dern, and as an Anglo father in Lone Star (1996) starring Matthew McConaughey and Kris Kristofferson.

Perella had a recurring role, as Cobalt, in TV's Walker, Texas Ranger (1993–1999) starring Chuck Norris; he also appeared in another episode of Walker, Texas Ranger entitled 'No Way Out' as Zeke, a mercenary working for Caleb Hooks (Michael Parks). He also worked with director Richard Linklater several times, playing Tom Watson in Fast Food Nation (2006) starring Greg Kinnear, Bruce Willis, and Catalina Sandino Moreno, as Donald in A Scanner Darkly (2006) starring Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder, and Robert Downey Jr., and as Professor Bill Welbrock, the abusive alcoholic second husband, in Boyhood (2014) starring Ellar Coltrane, Patricia Arquette, and Ethan Hawke.

His autobiography, Adventures of A No Name Actor, in which Perella humorously recounts his struggles in the acting world, was published in 2001 and became a bestseller.

Perella lives in Onion Creek, Texas, with his wife, Diane. Besides being involved in acting, they offer on-camera acting classes and audition workshops in Austin.

Selected filmography
D.O.A. (1988) as Cab Driver
It Takes Two (1988) as Dave
Cohen and Tate (1988) as FBI George
Pancho Barnes (1988) (TV movie) as Maj. Cooper
Night Game (1989) as Color Man
Challenger (1990) (TV movie) as Dick Methia
Black Snow (1990) as Charlie
A Killing in a Small Town (1990) (TV movie) as Rick Slocum
Knight Rider 2000 (1991) (TV movie) as Police Sergeant
A Seduction in Travis County (1991) (TV movie) as Poge
JFK (1991) as Mercer Interrogator
Murder in the Heartland (1993) (TV Mini-Series) as Bob Von Busch
My Boyfriend's Back (1993) as Townsperson
Fatal Deception: Mrs. Lee Harvey Oswald (1993) (TV movie) as 2nd Young Guy
A Perfect World (1993) as Road Block Officer
The Chase (1994) as Cop #2
Shadows of Desire (1994) (TV movie) as Man #1
Tall, Dark and Deadly (1995) (TV movie) as Waiter
The Tuskegee Airmen (1995) (TV movie) as Col. Sirca
The Man with the Perfect Swing (1995) as Chuck Carter
Lone Star (1996) as Anglo Father
Two Mothers for Zachary (1996) (TV movie) as Reporter #2
The People Next Door (1996) (TV movie) as Simms, Manager
Deep in the Heart (1996) as Mickey / Coach
Keys to Tulsa (1997) as Bedford Shaw
To Live Again (1998) (TV movie) as News Anchor
Home Fries (1998) as Good Ol' Boy in Pickup
Varsity Blues (1999) as Dr. Benton
Brothers. Dogs. And God (2000) as Buddy
Hell Swarm (2000) (TV movie) as Brad Dempsey
Picnic (2000) (TV movie) as Police Chief
Miss Congeniality (2000) as Starbucks Guy
Beyond the Prairie, Part 2: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder (2002) (TV movie) as Grady
The Life of David Gale (2003) as TV Host
No Pain, No Gain (2005) as Preppy Customer
Friday Night Lights (2004) as Booster
The Wendell Baker Story (2005) as Investigator
Sin City (2005) as Skinny Dude
The King (2005) as Chairman
Fast Food Nation (2006) as Tom Watson
A Scanner Darkly (2006) as Donald
Infamous (2006) as Clifford Hope
Elvis and Anabelle (2007) as Doctor
Love and Mary (2007) as Vince
Broke Sky (2007) as Paul
Spirit Camp (2009) as Nikki's Dad
Deep in the Heart (2012) as Fred
This Is Where We Live (2013) as Doctor Benson
Boyhood (2014) as Professor Bill Welbrock
The Teller and the Truth (2015) as FBI Agent Carl Winstead
My All American (2015) as Dr. Martin
The Devil's Candy (2015) as Sgt. Davis
A Room Full of Nothing (2019) as Steve

TV series
Dangerous Curves (1992–1993) as Bruder Larry
Walker, Texas Ranger (1993–1999) as Cobalt / Zeke
Wishbone (1995) as Seymour LaVista
Friday Night Lights (2008) as Big Shot
Dallas (2013) as Mark-Oil Executive
In an Instant (2015) as Koski's neighbor
The Leftovers (2015) as Charlie Simpson
American Crime (2016) as Senator Robert Butler

References

External links
Personal site

1949 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Stanford University people
Male actors from Texas

Marco Perella


Google Optimize, formerly Google Website Optimizer, was a freemium web analytics and testing tool by Google. It allowed running some experiments that are aimed to help online marketers and webmasters to increase visitor conversion rates and overall visitor satisfaction.

The Google Optimize website was used to design experiments and open a WYSIWYG editor for each version tested in the experiment. The free version allowed running a few experiments at the same time, and a user needed to upgrade to Google Optimize 360 to run more of them. There were also other constraints, including limited audience targeting options.

The Google Optimize editor was a Chrome extension that allowed changing some aspects of visible HTML elements. Changes were then applied with JavaScript tailored by rules set in an experiment. Changes could include replacing labels on buttons and links and some style changes like font change, text alignment and such. They could also modify HTML inside chosen elements, which allowed adding more advanced changes. This allowed them to present alternative versions of a static page to different users. GO allowed running some A/B tests — or testing multiple combinations of page elements such as headings, images, or body copy; known as multivariate testing. Other tests included A/B/n testing, where "n" referred to an unknown number of variations a user would test. Split URL testing or redirect testing could be used to check how individual pages are working against each other. Server-Side testing could be used to view reports and results. It could be used at multiple stages in the conversion funnel.

The editor alone would not work for creating complicated tests, especially on pages with dynamic content such as Angular, Vue or React. To use GO on more complicated, dynamic pages, manual work by programmers was required to integrate experiments into frontend or backend code.

On 1 June 2012, Google announced that Google Website Optimizer (the predecessor to Google Optimize) as a separate product would be retired as of 1 August 2012, and its functionality would be integrated into Google Analytics as Google Analytics Content Experiments. However, Google revived Google Website Optimizer as Google Optimize, which allowed connecting to Google Analytics to run the tests and design experiments on the GO website.

Google Optimize and Optimize 360 were announced to be sunset and no longer available after September 30, 2023.

Google Optimize was part of the Google Marketing Platform.

See also
Google PageSpeed Tools
Google Analytics
Google Search Console
Google Trends
Google Search
Google Ads
Google Ad Manager
Google Tag Manager
Gmail
Google Drive

References

Optimize
Web analytics
Products and services discontinued in 2023

Google Optimize


The Busby Babes was a nickname given to a group of association football players that played for . The players with this nickname were recruited by Manchester United's chief scout Joe Armstrong and assistant manager Jimmy Murphy, and would be progressed to the first team by manager Matt Busby. The term was commonly used for players who joined the Manchester United academy during the 1940s and 1950s.

History

The term was first used in 1951 by Manchester Evening News journalist Tom Jackson. The term was commonly used to refer to the players that won the 1955–56 and the 1956–57 Football League First Division titles.

Eight of the players, being Roger Byrne (28), Eddie Colman (21), Mark Jones (24), Duncan Edwards (21), Billy Whelan (22), Tommy Taylor (26), David Pegg (22), and Geoff Bent (25) would die after the Munich air disaster.Jackie Blanchflower (24 at the time of the crash), and Johnny Berry (31 at the time of the crash) would survive the disaster, but they would be unable to play again.

The last player Matt Busby would sign was Sammy McIlroy in 1969. He was known as "The last of the Busby Babes"

References

English footballers

Busby Babes


Commander Steel (also known as Captain Steel, Citizen Steel and Sergeant Steel) is the name of three superheroes appearing in media published by DC Comics, all members of the same family. The first Steel appeared in Steel, The Indestructible Man #1 (1978), and was created by Gerry Conway and Don Heck. His stories were set in World War II. The two later characters called Steel are his grandsons.

Nate Heywood / Steel, his grandfather Henry Heywood / Commander Steel, and Nate's father Hank Heywood all appear in Legends of Tomorrow, portrayed by Nick Zano, Matthew MacCaull, and Thomas F. Wilson respectively.

Publishing history
Steel first appeared in a series set in 1939, Steel: The Indestructible Man, written by Captain America writer Gerry Conway. The series was canceled after five issues, and Steel later made a guest-appearance in Justice League of America. Steel was also a member of the World War II era All-Star Squadron team. He made a prominent appearance many years later in four issues of the Eclipso ongoing series, where he was killed. After this, he appeared in issue #2 of the 2010 series, DC Universe: Legacies, which chronicled the superheroes of the 1940s.

The character served as an homage to the Marvel Comics character, Captain America.  "Steel was intended to be a tip of the hat to the original Captain America.
My favorite Cap stories, when I was growing up, were the ones Stan and Jack set in World War II, so I was just trying to recapture that feeling."

Starting in 1984, the second Steel appeared as one of the lead characters in Justice League of America, until its cancellation during the Legends crossover in 1987. He made a single appearance several years later in issue #38 of Justice League America, a continuation of Justice League International, where he was killed. In 2006, he played a leading posthumous role in a single story arc of JLA Classified, which chronicled a previously unrevealed adventure of the Detroit-era JLA. In 2010, he played a major role in the two-issue Justice League of America vol. 2 tie-in to Blackest Night, where he was temporarily resurrected.

The third Steel made his debut in the 2007 relaunch of Justice Society of America, where he appeared for several years until the team was split into two separate groups by writers Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges, where he appeared as one of the lead characters in JSA All-Stars. In 2011's The New 52 reboot of DC's continuity, he is shown to exist on Earth 2, under the name Captain Steel.

Fictional character biography

Henry Heywood

The World War II version of the character, Henry Heywood, enlisted in the United States Marine Corps prior to the United States involvement in the war but was injured when saboteurs, spearheaded by the man who would become Baron Blitzkrieg, attacked his base. Heywood had been a biology student under the tutelage of Doctor Gilbert Giles, and his former professor performed extensive surgery on him, enhancing his damaged body with mechanized steel devices that gave him superhuman strength, speed, and durability. At the request of Doctor Giles, Heywood kept his newfound gifts a secret and was returned to service in a desk position. Frustrated at his inability to help more directly, Heywood adopted the masked-hero persona "Steel", and was attempting to steal armaments from the military base where he worked—to send to those more directly in the war's fray—when some fifth columnist saboteurs broke into the base. Heywood defeated the saboteurs, and embarked on a career fighting foreign threats and other criminals before America went to war.

Heywood entered more directly into World War II as a secret weapon before he allied himself with the All-Star Squadron. In that time he was commissioned Commander Steel by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. His membership in the Squadron was only for a brief period as Crisis on Infinite Earths caused him to shift from his native Earth-Two to Earth-One, which later became the Post-Crisis Earth. Hank retired from his superhero career, as there were no active costumed heroes at that time on his new home.

Years later, Heywood's son, Hank Haywood Junior, dies in the Vietnam War. Overcome by grief, Heywood blames his death on mortal weakness, and uses his resources as a wealthy industrialist to incorporate the same mechanized components into his grandson, Hank Haywood III. He financed the Detroit version of the Justice League and gave them his best worker, Dale Gunn, to serve as this version of the JLA's all purpose man. When he realized that this new League didn't adhere to his now narrow beliefs, he enlisted Infinity Inc. to help him defeat them so that he could "straighten Hank out". The plan failed, and Hank suffered the indignity of being beaten by his grandson in hand-to-hand combat. They were estranged from that point on. He was there, however, to try to save young Hank's life after a vicious attack by Dr. Ivo left him broken. He couldn't save his grandson though; all he could do was be with him when they turned off his life support.

After his grandson's death, Heywood resumed the mantle of Commander Steel and died battling the supervillain Eclipso, while a member of the Shadow Fighters. He did come to a heroic end - detonating the Sunburst 300 (a device meant to destroy Eclipso) as his teammate Nemesis escaped.

Hank Heywood III

The second Steel is Henry "Hank" Heywood III. Raised by his grandfather after the death of his parents, Heywood III was subject to the same procedure that created Commander Steel by his grandfather against his will.

Heywood III was a "Justice League Detroit" team member, joining the team after Aquaman has the team revamped, and with his grandfather's support provides the team with a new headquarters. Hank befriends a Detroit youth named Paco Ramone, who joins the team as the superhero Vibe. While on the team, Hank develops an attraction to Paco's sister Rosita, causing friction between the two men. As part of the Justice League, Heywood takes part in the Crisis on Infinite Earths, where the supervillain Warp of the Brotherhood of Evil sends him into the far future during a battle on Earth-S.

During the event "Legends", the Martian Manhunter disbands the Justice League when the President of the United States outlaws all superhero activity. Taking to the streets regardless, Steel is mortally wounded in battle against an android belonging to one of the team's classic foes, Professor Ivo. The android initially appears to be a police officer, drawing a crowd of outraged civilians. When the android threatens to self-destruct, Steel takes the blast to save them. His grandfather is unable to repair the injuries, and at the Martian Manhunter's suggestion Heywood turns off his grandson's life support. His body remained preserved in the JLA Bunker until it was discovered and destroyed by Despero.

Although it was originally said that Heywood performed unnecessary surgeries on his grandson, it is stated in Justice League of America #260 that if he hadn't made his grandson into Steel, "Hank would have been dead... years ago". Hank later remarked that his grandfather may have been driven insane by the metal in his skull.

In a Justice League of America tie-in to the Blackest Night crossover, Steel is reanimated as a member of the Black Lantern Corps in the Hall of Justice. Alongside the Black Lantern Vibe, Steel attacks his former teammates, Gypsy and Vixen, until Doctor Light destroys him. During a later battle between the Justice League and Crime Syndicate of America at the Hall of Justice, Steel's remains were destroyed by Superwoman. The villainess even went so far as to use one of Steel's severed legs as a club, which she proceeded to use to bludgeon Donna Troy.

During the Heroes in Crisis storyline, Commander Steel checked into Sanctuary to deal with the trauma of deaths. He was among the heroes who was killed in a blast. While doing an autopsy, Batman found Joker Teeth in his throat.

In 'The Flash #791, it was revealed that the hero Goldbug has replaced all of the dead heroes with clones from the 31st Century and that they were all actually alive.

Nathan Heywood

The relaunched Justice Society of America features another member of the Heywood family. During an interview with Newsarama, new series writer Geoff Johns announced him as a brand new character with new powers. He debuted in Justice Society of America #2 with the name of Nathan "Buckeye" Heywood.

Nathan is the grandson of Henry Heywood and cousin of Henry Heywood III. Formerly a football star at the Ohio State University, Nathan retired after shattering his kneecap and having his leg amputated due to an undiagnosed infection. The incident left Nathan addicted to painkillers.

While attending a Heywood family reunion, he is attacked by the Fourth Reich, a team of metahuman Neo-Nazis ordered by Vandal Savage to wipe out the bloodlines of Golden Age heroes. The Fourth Reich fails to completely destroy the Heywood bloodline, as both Nathan and a few children manage to survive. Both Nathan's brother and mother are turned to metal statues by the villain Reichsmark. Nathan jams his crutch into Reichsmark's mouth, causing him to spit liquid metal blood onto Nathan. Hawkman takes him to Dr. Mid-Nite, who notes that the metal is being absorbed by Nathan's skin. Nathan's brother and mother, in their metal forms, are moved to the rooftop of the JSA brownstone.

Later, it is revealed that the metal has grown out from where Nathan's amputated leg once was, forming metallic bone, muscles, and flesh. Waking in his hospital room, Nathan is shown to have superhuman strength. Dr. Mid-Nite informs Nathan that he is now a being of living steel, due to an unknown reaction to Reichsmark's blood. However, the steel tissues do not give Nathan tactile response, meaning he cannot feel textures or temperatures, nor gauge exerted pressures, and his weight has greatly increased, causing his footsteps to crack the ground. He is given a costume, a "second skin" of a stainless steel alloy developed by Dr. Mid-Nite and Mr. Terrific specifically to restrict his movements and reduce his strength to a more manageable level. They chose the costume's colors because of Heywood's heritage. He then joins the Justice Society to defeat the Fourth Reich. Afterwards, the press asks if he is the new Commander Steel. Nathan denies it, saying that he is just an ordinary citizen, so he is called "Citizen Steel" by Power Girl.

When the Third World survivor Gog appears, Nathan is one of the JSA members who sides with him, hoping that Gog can restore his sense of touch. The Old God continually ignores his presence. It is later revealed that Gog is rooting himself into the Earth, which would cause its destruction if he ever left, and when the unconverted JSAers battle him, they are blown away by winds created by Gog. Nathan alone is able to withstand the winds. Gog offers Nathan his greatest wishes fulfilled if he sides with him and worships him, but Nathan refuses, and joins the fight against him. For this act, Gog induces excruciating pain in Nathan. Nathan then tears off his suit and unleashes his full strength against Gog, actually managing to topple the giant, which gives Gog's former herald Magog the chance to cut off his head and send him to the Source Wall.

Following Gog's defeat, Nathan takes time off from the JSA to be with his family. This consists of survivors of the attack on the reunion, various children, most of whom call him 'Uncle Nathan' or 'Uncle Nate'.

During the events of Blackest Night, Nathan helps fight off the hordes of Black Lanterns attacking Manhattan. He tries to help Power Girl during her battle with the newly reanimated Kal-L, but is knocked aside by the hero, who mockingly refers to him as a "paperweight" compared to him.

Following the split in the Justice Society, Nathan opted to join Power Girl's more youth-oriented team of JSA All-Stars.

Powers and abilities
Originally Commander Steel could lift 1,000 pounds, but when he appeared in the pages of the All-Star Squadron, he was attributed 'super-human' strength without an exact limit.

Citizen Steel's metallic body grants him superhuman strength and allows him to take direct blows from opponents as powerful as Gog, and remain standing, and in turn knocking him to the ground—the only one in the JSA able to do so—but at the cost of reducing his sense of touch so that he cannot really feel anything he comes in contact with, making it hard for him to judge how much effort he should put into doing things. His alloy suit limits his strength to controllable levels but at a cost of slowing him down, as well as making him so heavy that he has been shown cracking pavements just by walking. Upon removing his suit, he is able to unleash his full strength without a speed penalty.

Other versions

Earth 2
In September 2011, DC Comics cancelled and relaunched its entire line of monthly comics, in an initiative called "The New 52", and in so doing, rebooted the continuity the DC Universe. There are two different versions of Commander Steel on Earth 2:

Hank Heywood Jr.
In this new timeline, Hank Heywood Jr. appears as Captain Steel in the comic series Earth 2 taking place on the titular Earth. The modern version of Hank is revealed to be a young Filipino man. It is stated that Hank was originally a young boy born with a degenerative bone disorder that would have killed him by his 18th birthday, and that his father replaced all of his bones with an experimental metal to save his life (although it also made him unable to feel emotion). During Darkseid's invasion of Earth 2, Hank's father killed himself and destroyed his research to prevent the Parademons from getting their hands on it.

He is among those who managed to escaped the Apokolips Invasion in the following series Earth-2: World's End and found sanctuary in a newly terraformed Earth-like planet (nicknamed Earth 2) following some of their Wonders actions during the Convergence event. In Earth 2: Society, he is a member of the World Army cabinet working to maintain peace amongst the new cities of Earth 2. In hopes of preventing war from happening between two cities, Erebus and Ark Home, Hank is granted full military suppression by Commander Sato to any hostiles of both parties. Steel is blocked by Flash, Power Girl, and Huntress. Following a small argument, the conflict is ended as Green Lantern re-purposes his power ring to become Earth 2's energy supply. Steel is among those who come into conflict with Fury and Aquawoman following the Amazonian's suggestion to use an artifact known as the Pandora Vessel to recreate the Earth back to its original state.

The World Army cabinet is attacked by Ultra-Humanite's soldiers and Steel is gravely injured by a metahuman named Scalpel. Flash rescues Steel and sends him to a nearby medical team, but upon the speedsters's return to his friends, he announces Hank's nearing death, upsetting the group.

Sergeant Steel
Following a brief encounter with Ultra-Humanite, Fury opens the Pandora Vessel as a last resort in saving the Wonders with Earth-2 being recreated once again. Following the completion of the recreation, Earth 2 returns to its original state, but it never had a history of the Wonders of the World protecting it and Sandmen soldiers keeping everything in check 24/7. An unidentified man sporting Steel's color appears before Huntress, Batman, and John Grayson.

This man is identified as Sergeant Steel and is the first and last member of a super soldier program called Americommando. He is the leader of an underground movement of concerned citizens and ex-servicemen hoping to build up strength to fight back. He takes in the three Wonders of the World in hopes that The Movement can finally strike. After the Ultra-Humanite incident, Sergeant Steel joins the Wonders of the World in protecting their new Earth.

In other media

Television

 Hank Heywood III / Commander Steel makes non-speaking appearances in Justice League Unlimited as a member of the Justice League.
 Three characters based on the Heywoods appear in Legends of Tomorrow:
 Historian Dr. Nathaniel "Nate" Heywood / Steel (portrayed by Nick Zano) is introduced in the second season as a hemophiliac until he is injected with a super serum that Eobard Thawne gave to the Nazis before the Legends retrieved it and Dr. Ray Palmer modified it to save Nate. After receiving the serum, he becomes a metahuman with superhuman strength and the ability to transform himself into a steel-like form. Nate takes the name "Steel" and joins the Legends in their adventures before leaving them in the series finale after he loses his powers due to mustard gas exposure and retires to the Wind Totem to maintain his relationship with Zari Tomaz.
 Nate's grandfather Henry Heywood I / Commander Steel also appears in the second season, portrayed by Matthew MacCaull. This version is a member of the Justice Society of America (JSA) who operated during the 1940s before going missing and being presumed dead in the 1950s. In reality, Henry and the JSA assisted Rip Hunter in breaking the Spear of Destiny into several fragments and protecting them across different points in time, with Henry protecting his fragment in the 1970s, during which he became a NASA flight commander. Henry would later sacrifice himself to save the Legends from the Legion of Doom.
 Nate's father and Henry's son Henry "Hank" Heywood II appears in the fourth season, portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson. This version is the Time Bureau's primary founder who secretly works with the demon Neron to capture mystical creatures and train them for use in the theme park "Heyworld", which he based on a drawing Nate made as a child. After discovering Nate is a superhero, Hank attempts to break off his partnership with Neron, only to be killed. Upon discovering Hank's true intentions, the Legends realize his dream.

Merchandise
 Henry Heywood / Commander Steel received an action figure in the DC Universe Classics line.
 Commander Steel received an action figure in Mattel's Justice League Unlimited line.

References

External links
 Steel at Don Markstein's Toonopedia

Articles about multiple fictional characters
1978 comics debuts
Characters created by Alex Ross
Characters created by Chuck Patton
Characters created by Don Heck
Characters created by Geoff Johns
Characters created by Gerry Conway
Comics characters introduced in 1978
Comics characters introduced in 1984
Comics characters introduced in 2007
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics male superheroes
DC Comics military personnel
Earth-Two
Fictional amputees
Fictional characters from parallel universes
Steel
DC Comics cyborgs
Fictional players of American football
Fictional United States Marine Corps personnel
United States-themed superheroes

Commander Steel


Dispepsi is the eighth album by the American experimental plunderphonics band Negativland. It was released on July 29, 1997, by Seeland Records, Negativland's record label. It is structured as a statement against the major soft drink companies and contains many samples of advertisements from the industry. Particularly, the collage album focuses on Pepsi adverts.

History
The album was an attack on the highly competitive soft drink companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The title is a variation of dyspepsia, which is synonymous with indigestion. The word "Dispepsi" deliberately does not appear anywhere on the album artwork, but a telephone number was set up to provide the proper title. It is scrambled into anagrams including "Pedissip" and "Ideppiss", as the band originally believed they would be sued for trademark infringement if the actual title was shown. Once Pepsi lawyers indicated that they had no intention of suing Negativland, they began referring to it by its actual title. However, on the front artwork, the actual album title could be un-scrambled by reading the red letters in order of their decreasing size, starting with the largest, D, and ending with the smallest, I.

Notes on samples include:
"All of the cola commercials that were appropriated, transformed, and reused in this recording attempted to assault us in our homes without permission. Other sources reused include: talk radio, MOMMIE DEAREST, tabloid TV, Pepsi and Shirlie, documentary TV, Bryan Ferry, the news, Ice-T, public service announcements, Asha Bhosle, MC Lyte, The Clio Awards, traditional Burmese music, the O. J. Simpson murder case, motivational marketing tapes by advertising executives."
A music video for "The Greatest Taste Around" incorporates clips of Pepsi ads synchronized with the song.

Track listing
"The Smile You Can't Hide" (1:34)
"Drink It Up" (3:46)
"Why Is This Commercial?" (2:18)
"Happy Hero" (5:03)
"A Most Successful Formula" (3:30)
"The Greatest Taste Around" (2:14)
"Hyper Real" (0:54)
"All She Called About" (3:23)
"I Believe It's L" - Ft. Steve Fisk (6:21)
"Humanitarian Effort" (0:32)
"Voice Inside My Head" (3:46)
"Aluminum or Glass: The Memo" (3:46)
"Bite Back" (5:31)

Credits

 Made, played, recorded and mixed by: Negativland
 Keyboards and drum boxing on "I Believe It's L": Steve Fisk
 Dyspeptic designing: Shawn Wolfe
 Tuneless found warbling: Catherine Carter
 Authoritative voice and number crunching: Peter Conheim
 Video jiggling: Harold Boihem
 Commercial contributions: Arjan Schutte and John Skelton
 Image looting: Craig Baldwin
 Drum butchering: Pat Maley
 Digital master assembling: Matt Spiro and James LeBrecht
 Free legal advising from our team of lawyer-operated salad shooters: Keith Aoki, James Boyle, Kohel Haver, Alan Korn, Jeffery Selman and Peter Shaver
 Unlimited access to their vast archives: One World Advertising

References

Negativland albums
1997 albums
PepsiCo
Cola
Seeland Records albums
Sound collage albums
Plunderphonics albums

Dispepsi


Julius Edward "Chuck" Meriwether (June 30, 1956 – October 26, 2019) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) umpire. After working in the American League (AL) from 1988 to 1999, he umpired in both leagues from 2000 to 2009. Meriwether originally wore number 32, but in 2004 switched to number 14.

Career
After graduating from Athens State College in 1978, he first umpired in the minor leagues in 1979, reaching the American Association in 1986 before continuing up to the AL. He was an umpire in the 2004 World Series and the 2007 World Series, and in the All-Star Game in 1996 and 2002. He also umpired in the 2003 National League Championship Series and the 2006 American League Championship Series, and in eight Division Series (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2007, and 2009). He was the third base umpire for the single-game playoff to decide the National League's 2007 wild card team. He was the third base umpire for David Cone's perfect game on July 18, 1999, and the second base umpire for Mark Buehrle's perfect game on July 23, 2009.

Upon joining the AL's staff, Meriwether became only the fifth African American umpire in major league history, and the first in the AL since Emmett Ashford retired in 1970. Coincidentally, Meriwether was behind the plate when the Boston Red Sox – the last major league team to integrate its roster – won its first World Series in 86 years in 2004, and he was again behind the plate when they won the Series three years later in 2007.

He worked on the same umpiring crew as Eric Cooper, who died six days before Meriwether, in 2004 and 2009. Before the start of the 2010 season, fellow MLB umpire Mike DiMuro wrote on his "Umps Care Blog" that Meriwether would sit out the 2010 season on the disabled list and then retire following the 2010 season. Meriwether did in fact miss the entire season, and retired along with fellow veteran umpires Mike Reilly and Jerry Crawford on February 23, 2011.

The umpire dressing room at Nashville's First Horizon Park was named after Meriwether in 2016. At the time of his death, Meriwether was a supervisor of MLB umpires.

Personal life
Meriwether's son Chris was a walk-on point guard for the Vanderbilt University basketball team from 2008 to 2010.

Meriwether died at his home in Nashville on October 26, 2019, at the age of 63 after a battle with cancer. Later that evening, there was a moment of silence in memory of Meriwether prior to Game 4 of the World Series.

See also

 List of Major League Baseball umpires

References

External links

Career statistics and umpire information from MLB, or The Baseball Cube, or Retrosheet

1956 births
2019 deaths
American League umpires
Athens State University alumni
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
Major League Baseball umpires
African-American sports officials
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

Chuck Meriwether


Amasya is a city in northern Turkey. The city is in the Amasya Province and is in the mountains near the Black Sea coast. In 2013, 134,434 people lived there.

Other websites

 Provincial governorate official website
 Municipality official website
 GCatholic with titular incumbent bio links

Cities in Turkey
Black Sea Region

Amasya


Musical Chairs is an American game show that aired from June 16 to October 31, 1975, on CBS. Singer Adam Wade hosted, making him the first African-American game show host. Wade had three Billboard top ten hits in 1961. The game show was recorded at the Ed Sullivan Theater (CBS Studio 50) in New York City and sportscaster Pat Hernon was the announcer. The show was created by Don Kirshner.

Musical Chairs aired at 4:00 PM (3:00 Central Time), replacing Tattletales, which had moved to the morning, against NBC's Somerset and ABC's The Money Maze (and later You Don't Say!); it was not successful in the ratings against that competition. Give-n-Take replaced Chairs the following Monday for 4 weeks before Tattletales moved back to 4:00 PM.

Usually appearing on each episode were guest singers and musical groups, among them The Tokens, The Spinners, Larry Kert, Margaret Whiting, Sharon Vaughn, The New Christy Minstrels and Sister Sledge as well as up and coming singers and stars such as Alaina Reed, Kelly Garrett,  Marilyn Sokol, Jane Olivor, and Irene Cara.

Gameplay
Four contestants competed, one usually a champion. Three rounds and nine songs were played. A singer (host Wade and/or one of the guest performers) would begin to sing a song, but stop at a certain point. The singer then sang three different lyrics for the next line of the song, only one of which was correct, which were all displayed on back-lit panels. The third panel occasionally contained humorous or absurd lyrics. The incorrect lyrics were written by songwriters/lyricists who were on the show's staff. Songwriter Bruce Sussman was the show's chief writer for its entire run.  On occasion, the performers would sing an entire verse and/or chorus and Wade would ask a simple trivia question related to the song, with three possible answers.  The players then picked which of the three options s/he thought was correct by pressing a button on their console.

For the first question in each round, the first three players to lock in the correct answer won the money for that question.  On the second question, only the first two correct answers won the money, and for the third question, only the first correct answer won the money.  The questions were worth $50 for the first round, $75 for the second round, and $100 for the third round.  However, after each question in the third round, the player with the least money was eliminated from the game, although they did get to keep any winnings up to that point.

Changes
Later in the run, the first song in each round paid $50 each to the first three players to lock in with the right answer. The second song paid $75 to the first three players to be correct, and the last song paid $100 to the first three players with the correct song line. The player with the lowest score after each round would be eliminated from further play, but kept all winnings up to that point. In the second round, the first two players to lock in the correct answer won money.

The third round was played differently than the previous two. Once again, three songs were played with the money paying off to the first player to lock in the correct answer. If the leader rang in first and answered correctly on the third question, the game ended and he/she became the day's champion. If not, another song was played for $100. The game would then continue in this manner until the leader answered one more question or the opponent answered enough questions to overtake the leader. As before, the player with the most money after the final round won the game.

Bonus round
Originally, the contestant had to name each song that was sung (with the singer humming through any part that uses the song's title, much like the "Sing-A-Tune" round of Name That Tune). Getting a stated amount in 60 seconds won a bonus prize.

Later, the bonus round was dropped and the winning contestant simply had his/her main game total doubled.

Beginning in mid-September, a new bonus round was introduced – the day's winner chose one of three categories, then heard the melody of a song. The lyrics were then shown split into ten lines, albeit scrambled and had to be put in the proper order.  Each time a line was correctly placed, the contestant won $100. Getting all 10 in the proper places within 30 seconds won $2,000.

Episode status
The show's status is unknown, as CBS had ceased wiping its daytime games in late 1972. One episode exists with musical guests Irene Cara, soap star Mary Stuart, and the Spinners.

A partial audio recording of an episode featuring musical guests Buddy Greco, Hattie Winston and Dick Roman is known to be in the collection of Roman's daughter, Miel.

Former contestant Arlene Dittamo uploaded two more episodes to YouTube in October 2017, which originally aired during the show's final week in October 1975. Bobby Rydell, Ernestine Jackson, Ralph Carter, Donna Cellini, Sister Sledge, Larry Kert, and Shari Lewis appear in the episodes.

References

External links
 Musical Chairs on IMDb

CBS original programming
1970s American game shows
1975 American television series debuts
1975 American television series endings
Musical game shows

Musical Chairs (1975 game show)


United Nations Security Council resolution 1357, adopted unanimously on 21 June 2001, after recalling resolutions 1031 (1995), 1035 (1995), 1088 (1996), 1103 (1997), 1107 (1997), 1144 (1997), 1168 (1998), 1174 (1998), 1184 (1998), 1247 (1999) and 1305 (2000), the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) for a period until 21 June 2002 and authorised states participating in the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) to continue to do so for a further twelve months.

The security council underlined the importance of the Dayton Agreement (General Framework Agreement) and the importance that Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and other states had to play in the peace process in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The situation continued to constitute a threat to peace and security and the council was determined to promote a peaceful resolution of the conflict.

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council reminded the authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and others of their responsibility to implement the Dayton Agreement. It emphasised the role of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina to monitor its implementation. It also attached importance to co-operation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.

The security council commended the countries participating in SFOR to continue their operations for an additional twelve months; it would be extended beyond this date if warranted by the situation in the country. It also authorised the use of necessary measures, including that of the use of force and self-defense, to ensure compliance with the agreements and the safety and freedom of movement of SFOR personnel. At the same time, the mandate of UNMIBH, which included that of the International Police Task Force (IPTF), was extended until 21 June 2002. Countries were urged to provide training, equipment and support to local police forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to submit reports from the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.

See also
 Bosnian War
 Dayton Agreement
 List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1301 to 1400 (2000–2002)
 Yugoslav Wars

References

External links

Text of the Resolution at undocs.org

 1357
 1357
2001 in Yugoslavia
2001 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
 1357
June 2001 events

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1357


Delusional disorder, traditionally synonymous with paranoia, is a mental illness in which a person has delusions, but with no accompanying prominent hallucinations, thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening of affect. Delusions are a specific symptom of psychosis. Delusions can be bizarre or non-bizarre in content; non-bizarre delusions are fixed false beliefs that involve situations that could occur in real life, such as being harmed or poisoned. Apart from their delusion or delusions, people with delusional disorder may continue to socialize and function in a normal manner and their behavior does not necessarily generally seem odd. However, the preoccupation with delusional ideas can be disruptive to their overall lives.

For the diagnosis to be made, auditory and visual hallucinations cannot be prominent, though olfactory or tactile hallucinations related to the content of the delusion may be present. The delusions cannot be due to the effects of a drug, medication, or general medical condition, and delusional disorder cannot be diagnosed in an individual previously properly diagnosed with schizophrenia. A person with delusional disorder may be high functioning in daily life. Recent and comprehensive meta-analyses of scientific studies point to an association with a deterioration in aspects of IQ in psychotic patients, in particular perceptual reasoning, although, the between-group differences were small.

According to German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, patients with delusional disorder remain coherent, sensible and reasonable.  The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines six subtypes of the disorder: erotomanic (belief that someone is in love with one), grandiose (belief that one is the greatest, strongest, fastest, richest, or most intelligent person ever), jealous (belief that one is being cheated on), persecutory (delusions that one or someone one is close to is being malevolently treated in some way), somatic (belief that one has a disease or medical condition), and mixed, i.e., having features of more than one subtype.

Delusions also occur as symptoms of many other mental disorders, especially the other psychotic disorders.

The DSM-IV and psychologists agree that personal beliefs should be evaluated with great respect to cultural and religious differences, as some cultures have normalized beliefs that may be considered delusional in other cultures.

An earlier, now obsolete, nosological name for delusional disorder was "paranoia".

Classification
The International Classification of Diseases classifies delusional disorder as a mental and behavioural disorder.
Diagnosis of a specific type of delusional disorder can sometimes be made based on the content of the delusions, to wit,  the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) enumerates seven types:

 Erotomanic type (erotomania): delusion that another person, often a prominent figure, is in love with the individual. The individual may breach the law as they try to obsessively make contact with the desired person.
 Grandiose type (megalomania): delusion of inflated worth, power, knowledge, identity or believing oneself to be a famous person, claiming the actual person is an impostor or an impersonator.
 Jealous type: delusion that the individual's sexual partner is unfaithful when it is untrue. The patient may follow the partner, check text messages, emails, phone calls etc. in an attempt to find "evidence" of the infidelity.
 Persecutory type: This delusion is a common subtype. It includes the belief that the person (or someone to whom the person is close) is being malevolently treated in some way. The patient may believe that they have been drugged, spied upon, harmed, harassed and so on and may seek "justice" by making reports, taking  action or even acting violently.
 Somatic type: delusions that the person has some physical defect or general medical condition
 Mixed type: delusions with characteristics of more than one of the above types but with no one theme predominating.
Unspecified type: delusions that cannot be clearly determined or characterized in any of the categories in the specific types.

Signs and symptoms
The following can indicate a delusion:
 An individual expresses an idea or belief with unusual persistence or force, even when evidence suggests the contrary.
 That idea appears to have an undue influence on the person's life, and the way of life is often altered to an inexplicable extent.
 Despite their profound conviction, there is often a quality of secretiveness or suspicion when the person is questioned about it.
 The individual tends to be humorless and oversensitive, especially about the belief.
 There is a quality of centrality: no matter how unlikely it is that these strange things are happening to the person, they accept them relatively unquestioningly.
 An attempt to contradict the belief is likely to arouse an inappropriately strong emotional reaction, often with irritability and hostility. They will not accept any other opinions.
 The belief is, at the least, unlikely, and out of keeping with the individual's social, cultural, and religious background.
 The person is emotionally over-invested in the idea and it overwhelms other elements of their psyche.
 The delusion, if acted out, often leads to behaviors which are abnormal, and out of character, although perhaps understandable in light of the delusional beliefs.
 Other people who know the individual observe that the belief and behavior are uncharacteristic and alien.

Additional characteristic of delusional disorder include the following:
 It is a primary disorder.
 It is a stable disorder characterized by the presence of delusions to which the patient clings with extraordinary tenacity.
 The illness is chronic and frequently lifelong.
 The delusions are logically constructed and internally consistent.
 The delusions do not interfere with general logical reasoning (although within the delusional system the logic is perverted) and there is usually no general disturbance of behavior. If disturbed behavior does occur, it is directly related to the delusional beliefs.
 The individual experiences a heightened sense of self-reference.  Events which, to others, are nonsignificant are of enormous significance to them, and the atmosphere surrounding the delusions is highly charged.

However this should not be confused with gaslighting, where a person denies the truth, and causes the one being gaslit to think that they are being delusional.

Causes

The cause of delusional disorder is unknown, but genetic, biochemical, and environmental factors may play a significant role in its development. Some people with delusional disorders may have an imbalance in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that send and receive messages to the brain. There does seem to be some familial component, and immigration (generally for persecutory reasons), drug abuse, excessive stress, being married, being employed, low socioeconomic status, celibacy among men, and widowhood among women may also be risk factors. Delusional disorder is currently thought to be on the same spectrum or dimension as schizophrenia, but people with delusional disorder, in general, may have less symptomatology and functional disability.

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis includes ruling out other causes such as drug-induced conditions, dementia, infections, metabolic disorders, and endocrine disorders. Other psychiatric disorders must then be ruled out. In delusional disorder, mood symptoms tend to be brief or absent, and unlike schizophrenia, delusions are non-bizarre and hallucinations are minimal or absent.

Interviews are important tools to obtain information about the patient's life situation and history to help make a diagnosis. Clinicians generally review earlier medical records to gather a full history. Clinicians also try to interview the patient's immediate family, as this can be helpful in determining the presence of delusions. The mental status examination is used to assess the patient's current mental condition.

A psychological questionnaire used in the diagnosis of the delusional disorder is the Peters Delusion Inventory (PDI) which focuses on identifying and understanding delusional thinking. However, this questionnaire is more likely used in research than in clinical practice.

In terms of diagnosing a non-bizarre delusion as a delusion, ample support should be provided through fact checking. In case of non-bizarre delusions,  Psych Central notes, "All of these situations could be true or possible, but the person suffering from this disorder knows them not to be (e.g., through fact-checking, third-person confirmation, etc.)."

Treatment
A challenge in the treatment of delusional disorders is that most patients have limited insight, and do not acknowledge that there is a problem.  Most patients are treated as out-patients, although hospitalization may be required in some cases if there is a risk of harm to self or others. Individual psychotherapy is recommended rather than group psychotherapy, as patients are often quite suspicious and sensitive.  Antipsychotics are not well tested in delusional disorder, but they do not seem to work very well, and often have no effect on the core delusional belief. Antipsychotics may be more useful in managing agitation that can accompany delusional disorder. Until further evidence is found, it seems reasonable to offer treatments which have efficacy in other psychotic disorders.

There is a certain amount of evidence that alternative treatment-regimes (beyond conventional attempted treatment with antipsychotics) may include clomipramine for people with the somatic subtype of paranoia. There is a dearth of well-published studies investigating the effectiveness of trimipramine; another derivative of tricyclic-antidepressant imipramine and one which has modest anti-psychotic properties weakly analogous to those of clozapine; in delusional disorder per-se. However, trimipramine was compared to a combination of amitriptyline and haloperidol in a double-blinded trial involving patients with severe, psychotic depression (specifically with customary delusional features) and appeared favourable in its treatment.

Psychotherapy for patients with delusional disorder can include cognitive therapy which is conducted with the use of empathy. During the process, the therapist can ask hypothetical questions in a form of therapeutic Socratic questioning. This therapy has been mostly studied in patients with the persecutory type. The combination of pharmacotherapy with cognitive therapy integrates treating the possible underlying biological problems and decreasing the symptoms with psychotherapy as well. Psychotherapy has been said to be the most useful form of treatment because of the trust formed in a patient and therapist relationship.

Supportive therapy has also been shown to be helpful. Its goal is to facilitate treatment adherence and provide education about the illness and its treatment.

Furthermore, providing social skills training has been found to be helpful for many people. It can promote interpersonal competence as well as confidence and comfort when interacting with those individuals perceived as a threat.

Insight-oriented therapy is rarely indicated or contraindicated; yet there are reports of successful treatment. Its goals are to develop therapeutic alliance, containment of projected feelings of hatred, powerlessness, and badness; measured interpretation as well as the development of a sense of creative doubt in the internal perception of the world. The latter requires empathy with the patient's defensive position.

Epidemiology
Delusional disorders are uncommon in psychiatric practice, though this may be an underestimation due to the fact that those with the condition lack insight and thus avoid psychiatric assessment. The prevalence of this condition stands at about 24 to 30 cases per 100,000 people while 0.7 to 3.0 new cases per 100,000 people are reported every year. Delusional disorder accounts for 1–2% of admissions to inpatient mental health facilities. The incidence of first admissions for delusional disorder is lower, from 0.001 to 0.003%.

Delusional disorder tends to appear in middle to late adult life, and for the most part first admissions to hospital for delusional disorder occur between age 33 and 55. It is more common in women than men, and immigrants seem to be at higher risk.

Criticism
In some situations, the delusion may turn out to be true belief. For example, in delusional jealousy, where a person believes that the partner is being unfaithful (in extreme cases perhaps going so far as to follow the partner into the bathroom, believing the other to be seeing a lover even during the briefest of separations), it may actually be true that the partner is having sexual relations with another person. In this case, the delusion does not cease to be a delusion because the content later turns out to be verified as true or the partner actually chose to engage in the behavior of which they were being accused.

In other cases, a belief may be incorrectly deemed delusional by a doctor or psychiatrist who subjectively concludes that a patient's assertions are unlikely, bizarre, or held with excessive conviction. Psychiatrists rarely have the time or resources to check the validity of a person's claims leading some true beliefs to be erroneously classified as delusional. This is known as the Martha Mitchell effect, named after the wife of US Attorney General John Mitchell and derived from the initial response to her allegations of illegal activity taking place in the White House. At the time, her claims were thought to be signs of mental illness; only after the Watergate scandal broke were her claims corroborated and her sanity thus confirmed.

Similar factors have led to criticisms of Jaspers' definition of delusion as being ultimately 'un-understandable'. Critics (such as R. D. Laing) have argued that this leads to the diagnosis of delusions being based on the subjective understanding of a particular psychiatrist, who may not have access to all the information that might make a belief otherwise interpretable.

Another difficulty with the diagnosis of delusions is that almost all of these features can be found in "normal" beliefs. Many religious beliefs hold exactly the same features, yet are not universally considered delusional. For instance, if a person was holding a true belief then they will of course persist with it. This can cause the disorder to be misdiagnosed by psychiatrists. These factors have led the psychiatrist Anthony David to write that "there is no acceptable (rather than accepted) definition of a delusion."

In popular culture
In the 2010 psychological thriller Shutter Island, directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, delusional disorder is portrayed along with other disorders. An Indian movie Anantaram (Thereafter) directed by Adoor Gopalakrishnan also portrays the complex nature of delusions. The plot of the French movie He Loves Me... He Loves Me Not revolves around a case of erotomania, as does the plot of the Ian McEwan novel, Enduring Love.

See also
 Delusional parasitosis
 Monothematic delusions
 Morgellons
 Paranoia
 Shared delusional disorder

References

Further reading

 McDermott, Sarah (22 February 2018), "'The story of a weird world I was warned never to tell'", BBC News. [A related case study.]
 Munro, A. (1999) Delusional Disorder: Paranoia and Related Illnesses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. .
 Sims, A. (1995) Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology. Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. .

External links

Paranoia
Psychosis

Delusional disorder


Carmen Lucía Aldana Roldán (born March 9, 1992, in Cali) is a Colombian model and holds the title of Miss Colombia 2012. Aldana represented Colombia in Miss Universe 2013. She was the last Colombian delegate of the Miss Universe 1st Colombian drought, as her successor as Miss Colombia, Paulina Vega, won the title as Miss Universe 2014.

Early life
Aldana grew up in Samanes de Guadalupe a low middle-class neighborhood in Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and is the daughter of Maria Consuelo Roldan de Aldana (A Housewife) and Hector Aldana (A lawyer) she is the youngest of five children.  Aldana graduated from public school Instituto Tecnico Industrial. She was raised Catholic but since 2003 when she was 11 years she and her family became members of a Protestant church called Avivando La Fe in Cali, Colombia. Aldana identifies herself as Protestant.

Education
She attended Universidad Autonoma de Occidente up until she won; she was studying her last year of Journalism.  One of her bigger dreams is to be the Producer and Director of a TV show.

Miss Colombia
Miss Valle, Lucia Aldana was crowned Miss Colombia 2012 by Daniella Alvarez (Miss Colombia 2011) at the 78th edition of Miss Colombia beauty pageant which took place at the Convention Center Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala, in the auditorium Gethsemane, Cartagena de Indias on grand coronation night of Monday, November 12, 2012. She then competed in Miss Universe 2013 in Moscow, Russia but failed to place in the semifinals.

References

External links
Official Miss Colombia website

1992 births
Living people
Miss Colombia winners
Colombian beauty pageant winners
Miss Universe 2013 contestants

Lucia Aldana


"Monotonous" is a popular song written by June Carroll and Arthur Siegel for Leonard Sillman's Broadway revue New Faces of 1952. The song was written based on the experiences of its singer Eartha Kitt. It was performed, at the insistence of Kitt, on three chaise longues (Kitt tried originally for six and was given three in compromise), crawling cat-like from one to the other, demonstrating her flexibility and her dance training from the Katherine Dunham Company. The song also includes references to many well-known figures of the early 1950s. People referenced in the song include:

Montgomery Clift
Jacques Fath (the song states that he made a new style for Eartha Kitt, based on when she opened the club Le Perroquet, and Fath provided her with a completely new wardrobe as he admired her body).
Johnnie Ray ("I even made Johnnie Ray smile for me")
Harry S. Truman
T. S. Eliot
Farouk of Egypt
Sherman Billingsley
Chiang Kai-shek
Gayelord Hauser
Dwight David Eisenhower, referred to as "Ike"

1952 songs
Eartha Kitt songs

Monotonous (song)


Hugo Fox (February 2, 1897 in South Whitley, Indiana – December 29, 1969 in South Whitley, Indiana) was an American classical bassoonist. He also designed and manufactured bassoons and oboes.

Fox studied the bassoon with Adolph Weiss, a member of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.  In 1921, he studied with  Walter Guetter, the principal bassoonist of the CSO.  The following year, he took over Guetter's post, at his recommendation, and remained in that capacity from 1922 to 1949.  He also taught at Northwestern University from 1936 to 1950. In 1949, Fox founded the Fox Products Corporation, which made bassoons and oboes.  The company is a supplier of double reed instruments.  His son, Alan Fox, was a founding member of the International Double Reed Society and took over Fox Products in 1960.

In 1979, the International Double Reed Society created the annual Fernand Gillet-Hugo Fox International Competition for oboists and bassoonists in honor of the oboist Fernand Gillet and Hugo Fox.

References

External links
Fox Products history

1897 births
1969 deaths
American classical bassoonists
People from South Whitley, Indiana
20th-century American musicians
20th-century classical musicians

Hugo Fox


Hamilton Boyd was an American politician who served as mayor of Portland, Oregon, in 1868-69.  He is thought to have come to Portland in 1860, worked as an assistant county clerk, and later worked as an accountant in the Ladd & Tilton bank.  He was elected to a two-year term as county commissioner in 1868 and served as mayor from 1868 to 1869.  He was elected mayor on June 16, 1868, and assumed office later that month. He was succeeded as mayor by Bernard Goldsmith in 1869.

Sources differ on when Boyd died, with at least one source saying he died in Portland in 1886, while The Oregonian reported that he died in March 1883.

He is buried in the Lone Fir Cemetery in Portland.

References

Multnomah County Commissioners
1830s births
1880s deaths
Mayors of Portland, Oregon
19th-century American politicians
Burials at Lone Fir Cemetery

Hamilton Boyd


Ubaldo is a masculine Italian and Spanish given name, from Germanic hug "mind" and bald "bold". Notable people with the name include:
Ubald of Gubbio (Ubaldo Baldassini) (c. 1084 – 1160), Italian bishop and Catholic saint
Guido Ubaldo Abbatini (1600–1656), Italian painter of the Baroque period
Ubaldo Aquino (born 1958), football (soccer) referee from Paraguay
Ubaldo Bellugi (1899–1992), Italian poet, writer and playwright and Podestà of Massa
Ubaldo Caccianemici (died 1171), Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius II
Ubaldo Fillol (born 1950), Argentine football coach and former goalkeeper
Ubaldo Gandolfi (1728–1781), Italian painter of the late-Baroque period
Ubaldo Giraldi (1692–1775), Italian canonist
Ubaldo Heredia (born 1956), former Major League Baseball right-handed starting pitcher
Ubaldo I Visconti (died 1230), the de jure overlord of the Giudicato of Cagliari from 1217
Ubaldo Jiménez (born 1984), Major League Baseball starting pitcher
Ubaldo Mesa (1973–2005), male professional road cyclist from Colombia
Ubaldo Nestor Sacco (1955–1997), Argentine boxer
Ubaldo of Gallura, the Judge of Gallura from 1225 to his death in 1238
Ubaldo Passalacqua (born 1918), Italian professional football player
Ubaldo Ranzi, Italian bobsledder who competed in the late 1990s and the early 2000s
João Ubaldo Ribeiro (born 1941), Brazilian author born in Itaparica, Bahia
Ubaldo Ricci, Italian painter of the late-Baroque who practised in Italy in the 18th century
Ubaldo Righetti (born 1963), retired Italian professional football player
Ubaldo Soddu (1883–1949), Italian military officer, commanded the Italian Forces in the Greco-Italian War for a month
Ubaldo Terzano, Italian cinematographer and camera operator, with numerous collaborations with Mario Ubaldo

See also
Juan Ubaldo (born 1979), boxer from the Dominican Republic
Marie-Claire D'Ubaldo
Hucbald
Saint Ubaldo Day, Jessup, Pennsylvania's observance of Gubbio, Italy's La Festa dei Ceri

Italian masculine given names
Masculine given names
Germanic names in Italy

Ubaldo