Prince Nikoloz "Tato" Baratashvili (; 4 December 1817 – 21 October 1845) was a Georgian poet. He was one of the first Georgians to marry modern nationalism with European Romanticism and to introduce "Europeanism" into Georgian literature. Due to his early death, Baratashvili left a relatively small literary heritage of fewer than forty short lyrics, one extended poem, and a few private letters, but he is nevertheless considered to be the high point of Georgian Romanticism. He was referred to as the "Georgian Byron".

Biography
Nikoloz Baratashvili, affectionately known as Tato (ტატო), was born in Tiflis (Tbilisi), Georgia's capital, which was then a principal city of Russian Transcaucasia. His father, Prince Meliton Baratashvili (1795–1860), was an impoverished nobleman working for the Russian administration. His mother, Ephemia Orbeliani (1801–1849), was a sister of the Georgian poet and general Prince Grigol Orbeliani and a scion of the penultimate Georgian king Erekle II.

Baratashvili graduated, in 1835, from a Tiflis gymnasium for nobility, where he was tutored by Solomon Dodashvili, a Georgian patriot and liberal philosopher. The tragic quality of Baratashvili's poetry was determined by his traumatic personal life as well as the contemporary political situation in his homeland. The failure of the 1832 anti-Russian conspiracy of Georgian nobles, with which Baratashvili was a schoolboy sympathizer, forced many conspirators to see the independent past as irremediably lost and to reconcile themselves with the Russian autocracy, transforming their laments for the lost past and the fall of the native dynasty into Romanticist poetry. Shortage of money prevented Baratashvili from continuing his studies in Russian universities, while an early physical injury – his lameness – did not allow him to enter military service as he wished. Eventually, Baratashvili had to enter the Russian bureaucratic service and serve as an ordinary clerk in the Azerbaijani town of Ganja. The love of his life, Princess Ekaterine Chavchavadze, rejected him and married David Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia.

Baratashvili died of malaria in Ganja, unmourned and unpublished, at the age of 27. Baratashvili's influence was long delayed, but as the next generation of Georgian literati rediscovered his lyrics, he was posthumously published, between 1861 and 1876, and idolized. Baratashvili's reinterment from Ganja to Tbilisi in 1893 turned into a national celebration. Since 1938, his remains have lain in the Mtatsminda Pantheon in Tbilisi.

Works

A key insight into the worldview of Baratashvili can be found in his historical poem Fate of Georgia (ბედი ქართლისა, bedi k'art'lisa; 1839), an inspiring and articulate lament for Georgia's latest misfortunates. This poem, written by Baratashvili at the age of 22, is based on a real historical event: the 1795 ruining of Tbilisi by the Persian ruler Mohammad Khan Qajar, which forced the disappointed Georgian king Erekle II to relegate his country's security onto the Russian Empire. However, national problems considered in this work are viewed with a modern approach; the poem considers not only Georgia's past, but also its future in the aftermath of the failed revolt of 1832. In this poem, Baratashvili reproduces the debate of Erekle II with his chancellor, Solomon Lionidze who opposes the union with Russia and thinks that this will result in the loss of Georgia's national identity. Lionidze's wife asks her husband, in a lament that became familiar to all literate Georgians: "What pleasure does the tender nightingale receive from honor if it is in a cage?" The sympathies of the poet and reader both fall on Solomon's side, but the objectively rational decision of the king prevails.

During his short creative life (1833–45) Baratashvili developed difficult concepts of art and ideas. In the words of the British scholar Donald Rayfield, Baratashvili "evolved a language all his own, obscure but sonorous, laconically modern, sometimes splendidly medieval, with pseudo-archaisms." In his earlier poem Dusk on Mtatsminda (შემოღამება მთაწმინდაზე, shemoghameba mt'ats'mindaze; 1833–36) the reader can feel a romantic aspiration to be freed of earthly burdens and joined with secret natural forces. Baratashvili's love-poetry reached its acme with his unhappy obsessive love for Princess Chavchavadze and is impregnated with an idea of the orphaned soul as in The Orphaned Soul (სული ობოლი, suli oboli; 1839). Despaired of human happiness, Baratashvili admires the superhuman historical figures, such as Erekle II and Napoleon, whom he deems to be beyond joy and misery. Among his most significant works are the poems The Evil Spirit (სული ბოროტი, suli boroti; 1843), Thought on the Riverside of Mtkvari (ფიქრი მტკვრის პირას, p'ik'ri mtkvris piras; 1837), and Pegasus (მერანი, Merani; 1842). This latter poem fascinated later Georgian poets as a mystic, apocalyptic vision of the future. In it the omnipotent mind, inspired by faith, calls for the poem's lyrical hero to knowingly sacrifice himself in the name of his brethren. The tragic optimism of Merani is a striking manifestation of the romantic spirit: active, life-asserting, and full of revolutionary aspirations. Merani is a prominent work of Georgian Romanticism both from an ethical-philosophical view, and from an artistic-aesthetic point of view.

Poetry
"Do not say something, sweetheart, your lover thy heart, certainly"
"Turned out to be illuminated in the east, like the sun alive"
"Blew the rudy wind , led me like a Flower"
"Thought on the Riverside of Mtkvari"
"I bless the day of my birth, I am happy, cup"
"The grace of your Creator, beautiful, woman shavtvalebiano"
"Merani"
"I am happy with you presence"
"My lover, I remember your eyes"
"The grace of your Creator, beautiful, blackeyed woman"
"Will Dry My Tears"
"Colour of the sky, blue colour"
"I have found a real church, standing in the wilderness"
"The fate of Kartli" ("Bedi kartlisa")
"Nightingale on the rose"
"Duke barataevis azarpeshazed"
"Nathan, the singer on the piano"
"To Napoleon"
"War of the nobleman-peasant-to-face"
"Tomb of King Irakli"
"Earring"
"Orphan spirit"
"Hyacinth and a bit"
"Thoughts on the edge"
"Twilight mtatsmidazed"
"To my friends"
"My Pray"
"To my stars"
"Babies"
"Chinari"
"Chonguri"
"Mysterious voice"

Baratashvili Bridge, an avenue in Tbilisi are named after the poet with his monument standing in the center district of the capital of Georgia.

Ancestry

Notes

References

 Rayfield, Donald (2000), The Literature of Georgia: A History. Routledge, .
 Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation. Indiana University Press, .
 Gaga Shurgaia (Hrsg., 2006) Nikoloz Baratasvili: Ein georgischer Dichter der Romantik. Königshausen und Neumann, Würzburg, .

Links
Nikoloz Baratashvili. Six poems translated into English by Venera Urushadze (audio)

1817 births
1845 deaths
Burials at Mtatsminda Pantheon
Male poets from Georgia (country)
Nobility of Georgia (country)
Romantic poets
Writers from Tbilisi
Burials at Didube Pantheon
19th-century poets from Georgia (country)
19th-century male writers

Nikoloz Baratashvili


Armourdale community is a district in the lower part of the Kansas River valley in Kansas City, Kansas. It is a main district between the West Bottoms and the Rosedale, Kansas area.  The Kansas River makes an oxbow curve around the entire district, which is home to Shawnee Park and Bill Clem Park.

History
Armourdale was platted in 1880, and incorporated as a city in 1882.  Its name came from the Armour meatpacking plant in the area.

In March 1886, "new" Kansas City, Kansas was formed through the consolidation of five municipalities: "old" Kansas City, Armstrong, Armourdale, Riverview, Wyandotte.

The district was devastated by the 1903 Kansas City flood, and again in the flood of 1951, with damage adding up to about 50 million dollars that year.  The 1993 flood, however, did no damage as the new floodwalls held up, and protected Armourdale from waters.

Bridges
23rd Street viaduct turns into Kansas Avenue right after the viaduct at the east end of the district.
7th Street Trafficway Bridge runs 7th Street straight through the district over the Kansas River.
12th Street Bridge runs from the south side of the district, to the Argentine district over the Kansas River.
18th Street Expressway Bridge this bridge however, never goes through Armourdale, but goes over the top of it, Kansas Avenue exit is the only exit into the district from the 18th Street Expressway.
Kansas Avenue Bridge (West) this bridge is at the very west end of the district, and carries Kansas Avenue straight through.
10th Street Bridge (North) this bridge connects the Central Avenue district to Northern Armourdale.
Mill Street Bridge (North) this bridge connects the St. Joseph/St. Benedict Polish/Mexican community to Northern Armourdale.

Further reading
 Wyandotte County and Kansas City, Kansas - Historical and Biographical; Goodspeed Publishing Co; 932 pages; 1890.

References

Neighborhoods in Kansas City, Kansas
Populated places established in 1881
Former municipalities in Kansas
1881 establishments in Kansas
Armour family

Armourdale, Kansas


Steven Clark Worster (July 8, 1949 – August 13, 2022) was an American professional football player who was a fullback for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the Canadian Football League (CFL). Following his prep career in Texas, he played college football for the Texas Longhorns under coach Darrell Royal. A two-time All-American, Worster was the inspiration for the team's wishbone formation, and won two national championships with the Longhorns.

High school career
Worster was born in Rawlins, Wyoming, on July 8, 1949, but his parents settled in Orange County, Texas when he was a young boy. Worster attended Bridge City High School in Bridge City, Texas, where he played as a catcher on the baseball team and a fullback on the football team. He was All-District for four years, All-State for three years, and accumulated 5,422 yards during his high school career, including 38 100-yard games, which is second in Texas prep history behind Robert Strait's 41 (Ken Hall and Billy Sims also had 38 100-yard games). Worster led the Bridge City Cardinals to a 13–1 season and the Class 3-A state football championship in 1966, running for 2,210 yards and being named a High-School All-American.

After his graduation, Bridge City High School retired his jersey number. He was later inducted into the Texas High School Hall of Fame.

College career
Worster was heavily recruited to play college football for several schools. He chose to accept a scholarship to the University of Texas at Austin to play for the Longhorns, where he played under coach Darrell Royal. He was the motivation behind Royal's famed wishbone offense, which was introduced in 1968. Fans nicknamed Worster "Big Woo".

During his years at Texas, Worster rushed for 2,353 yards and scored 36 touchdowns. His teams won three Southwest Conference titles and two national championships.  Worster was featured on the cover of Dave Campbell's Texas Football magazine in 1970. He finished fourth in balloting for the Heisman Trophy, behind Jim Plunkett, Joe Theismann, and Archie Manning. Worster was a two-time All-American (1969 and 1970) and three-time All-Southwest Conference selection, and was voted 1970 Texas Amateur Athlete of the Year by Texas Sports Writers Association. Worster has also been inducted into the Texas Longhorn Hall of Fame and the Cotton Bowl Hall of Fame.

Professional career
The Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL) selected Worster as the 12th pick in the fourth round of the 1971 NFL draft. He could not come to terms on a contract with the Rams, and did not play in the NFL, spending one year (1971) in the CFL, playing in three games for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. Worster decided that football was no longer fun, leading him to retire.

Later life
Worster completed his bachelor's degree and then worked in sales for 28 years after retiring from football, and then managed rental properties. He moved to San Antonio, then Austin, and then back to Bridge City after retiring from football. Worster was a sales manager for the Lone Star Brewing Company in San Antonio. He met his wife, Ann, in San Antonio. They had two children prior to their divorce.

Worster died on August 13, 2022.

References

External links

1949 births
2022 deaths
All-American college football players
American football fullbacks
American players of Canadian football
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
People from Orange County, Texas
People from Rawlins, Wyoming
Players of American football from Texas
Players of American football from Wyoming
Texas Longhorns football players

Steve Worster


The Mineola Hotel is a historic hotel located at 91 North Cora Street in Fox Lake, Illinois. The hotel is located on the western shore of Fox Lake, one of the lakes which forms the Chain O'Lakes.

History

Thomas Parker purchased a tract of land along Fox Lake on behalf of the Union League Club of Chicago. The club intended to develop the property as a recreational retreat for its members and built a small clubhouse on the site. The Mineola Club of Chicago constructed the northern half of the hotel in 1888 as a clubhouse; the building became a hotel in 1891. Christen Knowles, Robert McNeil, and Charles O'Boyle were tasked with this section's construction. Edison Howard bought the hotel, opening it to the public, and built its southern half in 1903. The hotel operated as a hunting and fishing resort until it closed in 1963. Al Capone purportedly visited the hotel occasionally as a weekend retreat.

The hotel was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing to the National Register of Historic Places on July 29, 1979. A bar and restaurant operated in the building until 2012, when the village closed it due to safety concerns; the village is now considering the building's demolition. Landmarks Illinois named the hotel one of the ten most endangered historic places in Illinois in 2013.

Architecture
The frame building features a three-story square tower above its front entrance, hipped dormers on each side of the tower, and a two tier verandah with Stick style ornamentation encircling three of its sides. It is the largest surviving frame building in Illinois.

References

Hotel buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois
Hotel buildings completed in 1888
Buildings and structures in Lake County, Illinois
National Register of Historic Places in Lake County, Illinois

Mineola Hotel


Arthur John "Syd" Slater QPM (16 December 1914 – 8 March 1994) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon and North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Slater came to the VFL from Gisborne, in the Riddell District Football League. He started as a forward and kicked four goals on his Essendon debut in the opening round of the 1935 season, against Melbourne at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. The feat was overshadowed by teammate Ted Freyer who kicked 12 goals, a then club record. Despite the promising start up forward, Slater spent most of his time at Essendon in defence and as a follower. He won the best and fairest award for the Essendon seconds in 1938. From 1940 to 1945, Slater played for North Melbourne, then in 1946 crossed to Brunswick in the Victorian Football Association.

Outside of football, Slater worked for Victoria Police, rising to the rank of Superintendent. He was awarded the Queen's Police Medal in 1970.

References

1914 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Essendon Football Club players
North Melbourne Football Club players
Brunswick Football Club players
Gisborne Football Club players
Australian police officers
Australian recipients of the Queen's Police Medal
1994 deaths

Syd Slater


The Close Combat Badge (or CCB) was an approved badge that was never issued. It was quickly scrapped and replaced by the Combat Action Badge.

The U.S. Army would have awarded the CCB to armor, cavalry, combat engineer, and field artillery soldiers in military occupational specialties. It could also have been awarded to corresponding officer branch/specialties recognized as having a high probability to routinely engage in direct combat, and they must be assigned or attached to an army unit of brigade or below that is purposely organized to routinely conduct close combat operations and engage in direct combat in accordance with existing rules and policy.

United States military badges

Close Combat Badge


Aristolochia rotunda, commonly known as smearwort or round-leaved birthwort, is a herbaceous perennial plant native to Southern Europe.

Etymology
The genus name Aristolochia derives from the Greek words αριστος (aristos) meaning "the best" and 'lochéia' meaning ' childbirth', for the old use in promoting uterine contractions. The Latin name of the species rotunda refers to the rounded shape of the leaves.

Botanical description
 The root reaches  in length and sometimes seems out of proportion to the slenderness of the plant. The  unbranched stem has alternate, large, smooth-edged, heart-shaped and stalkless leaves that clasp the stem with enlarged, basal lobes. The solitary flowers have an  unpleasant odor and they are tubular, about  long, yellowish-green with a prominent, dark-brown or dark purple flap, both arising from the axils of the leaves. The flowering period extends from April through June.

Reproduction
The flowers of Aristolochia rotunda are hermaphrodite are  pollinated by midges and other small insects (entomophily), attracted by the smell and by purple-brown color of the flowers. The small hairs inside the cup prevent the flies from coming out and flying away. After the pollination these hairs sag and allow them to escape.

This species is the only host plant of the caterpillars of a beautiful uncommon butterfly (Zerynthia polyxena). Eating the leaves of the plant the larvae this insect ingest aristolochic acid that  make them poisonous to birds.

Distribution
This plant is common in Mediterranean countries. It is rarely naturalized in the British Isles.

Habitat
These plants occur along the banks of canals, edges of ditches and fields, sides of roads, meadows, slopes and forests. They prefer chalky soils and moist, shady areas, at an altitude of  above sea level.

Chemical constituents
A. rotunda contains aristolochic acids which are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic.

Subspecies
 Aristolochia rotunda subsp. rotunda, autonym
 Aristolochia rotunda subsp. insularis (E.Nardi & Arrigoni) Gamisans
 Aristolochia rotunda subsp. reichsteinii E.Nardi

Gallery

References

Additional references
Tela Botanica / 2000-2009 - Le réseau des Botanistes Francophones .
 Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia - Edagricole – 1982, Vol. I, pag 135
 Tutin, T.G. et al. - Flora Europaea, second edition - 1993
 Björn Rulika, Stefan Wankeb, Matthias Nussa and Christoph Neinhuisb  Pollination of Aristolochia pallida Willd. (Aristolochiaceae) in the Mediterranean - Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants - Volume 203, Pages 175-184

External links

rotunda
Medicinal plants of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

Aristolochia rotunda


Sakura Pakk is an anthology OEL manga series created and published by eigoMANGA. Sakura Pakk highlights original comics stories created for female comic book readers. Sakura Pakk was released in November 2004.

Sakura Pakk is a spin-off of eigoMANGA's flagship Ameri-manga anthology comic book, Rumble Pak. eigoMANGA heavily promoted Rumble Pak over Sakura Pakk because of Rumble Pak's commercial appeal but Sakura Pakk is largely considered by fans as more popular and sought after than Rumble Pak.

The Sakura Pakk series debuted at the grand opening ceremony of the Apple Store in San Francisco in June 2004. When Sakura Pakk was first conceived, eigoMANGA's editing team couldn't decide on a name for the female-oriented publication. As a result, an online naming contest was organized where fans contributed name suggestions for the publication series. Two individuals from Canada and Texas came up with the same name, "Sakura Pakk". The winners were illustrated in a comic strip featured in the first volume of Sakura Pakk.

In October 2005, eigoMANGA formed a joint-venture with Devil's Due Publishing to publish an ongoing series for Sakura Pak. The publication was re-released by Devil's Due to stores in January 2006.

Sakura Pakk Versus Rumble Pak
In December 2009, eigoMANGA announced an upcoming release of a special graphic novel publication — Sakura Pakk Versus Rumble Pak Graphic Novel — for the first time features a combination of shonen (male-oriented) and shojo (female-oriented) stories from Sakura Pakk and Rumble Pak.

"We honestly never thought about EVER combining Sakura Pakk and Rumble Pak into one", states eigoMANGA's publisher Austin Osueke. "For years everyone of us within our editor to creator teams bitterly wanted to separate both imprints and create distinct identities for them. From time to time there were actually bitter rivalries between the Sakura Pakk camp and the Rumble Pak camps. A local fan asked us to combine our best works into one book. So just for laughs, we put a sample book together and it looked really good. So here we are"[].

External links
 Sakura Pakk, the shojo anthology from eigoMANGA
 devilsdue
 eigoMANGA RUMBLE PAK
 eigoMANGA

Other References
 Sakura Pakk Announced - IGN
 http://www.comicon.com/cgi-bin/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=37&t=005997
 http://www.comicspriceguide.com/p-issues.asp?t_ID=25118
 Otaku News : eigoManga Release Sakura Pakk

Comics publications
2004 comics debuts
Comics anthologies
Original English-language manga

Sakura Pakk


Passengers is a 2008 romantic mystery thriller film directed by Rodrigo García, written by Ronnie Christensen, and starring Anne Hathaway and Patrick Wilson. It was released in the United States by TriStar Pictures on October 24, 2008.

Plot
Psychotherapist Claire Summers counsels five survivors of a recent plane crash: passengers Dean, Norman, Shannon, Eric, and flight attendant Janice. Eric, however, is unusually euphoric after the tragedy, and he asks that Claire meet with him individually rather than in group sessions with the others. She later talks with Mr. Arkin, an airline official, about the survivors' differing recollections of the crash; Dean is sure there was an explosion before the crash, but the others disagree. Arkin claims pilot error was responsible. Eric expresses his attraction to Claire, but she is suspicious when he seems to know personal information about her, such as her fraught relationship with her sister.

When Dean misses a session and a stranger seems to be stalking the survivors, Norman concludes the airline is targeting the surviving passengers to cover up the airline's history of negligent mechanical failures. While Norman originally remembered nothing odd happening before the crash, he tells Claire that he now remembers an engine exploding. Later, Eric displays strange behavior in response to a dog barking outside, and Claire is conflicted between her role as counselor and her growing personal feelings for him. She asks him to stop coming on to her, but Toni, her kindly neighbor, urges her to take a chance with him.

At the following session, Norman is absent, leaving only Janice and Shannon. Arkin warns Claire against feeding the airline coverup theory to the remaining survivors, but she angrily tells him to stay away and later tells her supervisor Perry that she is worried about her missing patients. Claire then visits Eric, rides on his motorcycle, sails on his boat, swims with him, and finally sleeps with him. She also leaves unanswered voice mail messages for her estranged sister, Emma, indicating that she wants to reconcile. She takes flowers to Emma's house, but no one is home. Arkin confronts her as she departs, telling her that he knows she is sleeping with one of her patients. Claire then encounters Norman's stalker, who turns out to be another crash survivor who remembers an explosion. She takes him to see Arkin at the airport and angrily blames the airline for the crash and a cover-up. As Arkin denies the accusations, the survivor suddenly disappears, leaving Claire shaken and bewildered.

Eric returns to the crash site and experiences frightening memories of an exploding engine. Meanwhile, Shannon is the only one at the next session; just before Claire arrives, Shannon has a vision of her dead parents outside. Eric also arrives, and as Claire takes him and Shannon to her apartment, he tells Claire that he recalls an engine blowing up. Claire counsels Shannon about her feelings for her parents, who were killed when she was a child. Eric sees the same dog outside Claire's apartment and recognizes it as a pet that died when he was young. Convinced that he was killed in the crash, he runs out of the apartment and stands in front of an onrushing train, which has no effect on him, then shouts to Claire that she should stay away from him.

Shannon disappears from Claire's apartment, but her neighbor says she left with a man and woman. Claire goes to her supervisor, who is convinced she has latched onto a conspiracy theory, and she angrily accuses him of helping Arkin cover up the truth. At Emma's house, Arkin suddenly appears and again tells Claire that the pilot was responsible for the crash. Arkin departs but leaves his briefcase behind. Claire becomes hysterical after finding a ledger inside listing all the passengers who died in the crash. Claire's name is on the ledger, and Arkin is listed as the pilot.

The next morning Claire finds Eric on his boat. He explains that he withheld telling her that she and the other passengers died in the crash because everyone had to discover it individually. Deceased people and even pets from their pasts (unrecognized by the recently deceased) helped them to understand and accept death. The people Claire spoke to (including her aunt, who was the kindly neighbor, and a schoolteacher, who she thought was her supervisor) were dead friends or relatives. She and Eric sail from the harbor to cross over into the afterlife. A flashback shows Claire and Eric in adjacent seats on the plane, as well as other passengers and crew. During the flight, Claire and Eric develop an attraction. When the engine catches fire and the plane depressurizes, Eric assures her they will be all right and the screen fades to white. The film ends with a landlord letting Emma and her husband into Claire's apartment. Emma finds a note Claire was planning to send to make peace with her.

Cast
 Anne Hathaway as Claire Summers
 Patrick Wilson as Eric Clark
 Clea DuVall as Shannon
 Andre Braugher as Perry Jackson
 Chelah Horsdal as Janice
 David Morse as Arkin
 Dianne Wiest as Toni
 William B. Davis as Eric's grandfather
 Ryan Robbins as Dean
 Don Thompson as Norman
 Brad Turner as Shannon's father
 Claire Smithies as Shannon's mother
 Stacy Grant as Emma, Claire's sister

Music

The film's score is composed by Edward Shearmur.
 "The Wreckage"
 "Group Therapy"
 "House Call"
 "What Do You Remember?"
 "Norman"
 "At the Museum"
 "Giving Eric the Key"
 "Eric at Midnight"
 "Arkin"
 "Rooftop"
 "Motorcycle Fix"
 "Norman's House"
 "Eric Remembers"
 "Porch"
 "Epiphany"
 "At Peace"
 "End Titles"

Release

Box office
Passengers was released in 125 theaters on October 24, 2008 in United States and Canada and earned $173,544 on the opening weekend. The film grossed a total of $5,787,152: $292,437 from domestic location and $5,494,715 from overseas locations.

Critical response
While "Passengers" received a mixed critical response, some critics did appreciate the performances of the lead actors. However, the film's pacing and plot were often cited as areas in need of improvement. Ultimately, the film's reception was not as strong as some had hoped for, and it did not achieve widespread acclaim.

The film received generally negative critical reviews. Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 19% approval rating based on 31 reviews, with an average score of 4.05/10. By comparison, Metacritic reports a score of 40 out of 100 based on 8 reviews.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times: Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, stating that "Passengers" starts promisingly but ultimately becomes a disappointment due to its predictable plot and lack of tension. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times: Dargis was more positive, praising the performances of Anne Hathaway and Patrick Wilson but noting that the film's direction and script were uneven.

References

External links

2008 films
2000s thriller films
American disaster films
American thriller films
American aviation films
Films scored by Edward Shearmur
Films directed by Rodrigo García
Films shot in Vancouver
Mandate Pictures films
TriStar Pictures films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Passengers (2008 film)


Prolacertoides is an extinct genus of archosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of China, the type species being Prolacertoides jimusarensis. Prolacertoides means 'like Prolacerta', in reference to Prolacerta, another genus of archosauromorph which Prolacertoides was once believed to have been closely related to. Prolacertoides is known from a single partial skull, IVPP V3233, which was discovered in Xinjiang in northwestern China. The locality of its discovery belongs to the Cangfanggou Group of the Jiucaiyuan Formation, which is dated to the Induan age of the very early Triassic.

Description

IVPP V3233 is a partially flattened and incomplete skull, with some bones being well preserved and others being badly damaged. The snout is tapering and lacks antorbital fenestrae. The anterodorsal edge of each maxilla is convex, in contrast to the concave edge of other basal archosauromorphs. The ascending process of each maxilla is tall and anteroposteriorly broad, reaching the edge of the skull roof. The anterior process of each jugal is long and thin, forming the lower edge of the orbit, unlike in basal saurians. A moderate number of maxillary teeth (approximately 19) are present, but the tooth row does not reach as far back as the orbits. The teeth themselves are straight, conical, and lack serrations, with only the rear teeth being slightly compressed. The nares are long and situated on the edge of the snout. Each nasal widens towards the rear of the skull, forming an anterolaterally-oriented suture with the prefrontal. Each lacrimal is wide and slit-like while the prefrontals are well exposed, traits similar to those of Prolacerta. Each prefrontal is dorsally smooth and convex, possessing a large lateral pit as well as a triangular medial projection which restricts the nasal-frontal suture. This restriction is also found in Trilophosaurus and Gephyrosaurus. Unlike in Prolacerta and basal archosauriforms, there is extensive contact between the pterygoids. The pterygoids and palatines were seemingly toothless, although this observance may be due to poor preservation. The tip of each ectopterygoid expands into a fan-shaped structure, and the suborbital fenestra is very short.

Classification
Prolacertoides was named in 1973 and classified in the family Prolacertidae. The first phylogenetic analyses to include Prolacertoides (published in 1988 and 1997) found it to be more closely related to the Late Triassic archosauromorph Trilophosaurus rather than prolacertids. Another analysis published in 1997 included Prolacertoides but its relationships with other archosauromorphs could not be resolved because few distinctive anatomical characteristics are known. The exact relationships of Prolacertoides were still considered unknown in 2007.

Prolacertoides was redescribed in a 2016 study of archosauromorph and archosauriform systematics. The study also included a set of phylogenetic analyses in an effort to clarify the classification of certain archosauromorphs. However, the large amount of missing data for Prolacertoides forced it to be excluded from most of the analyses, which focused on more complete taxa. The phylogenetic analyses which did include Prolacertoides found that it was an archosauromorph forming a polytomy with Allokotosauria, Tanystropheidae, and Jesairosaurus. In more precise analyses which exclude incomplete or problematic taxa such as Prolacertoides, this polytomy was resolved, with Allokotosauria forming a clade with more advanced archosauromorphs (such as rhynchosaurs and archosauriforms), and Tanystropheidae forming a more basal clade with Jesairosaurus. Due to its omission from these more specific analyses, it is unclear whether Prolacertoides is closer to Allokotosauria or the Tanystropheidae-Jesairosaurus clade. Nevertheless, Prolacertoides was not found in any analysis to be a particularly close relative of its namesake Prolacerta.

References

Prehistoric archosauromorphs
Prehistoric reptile genera
Induan genera
Early Triassic reptiles of Asia
Triassic China
Fossils of China
Fossil taxa described in 1973

Prolacertoides


Andreas Zimmer is Professor of Neurobiology and Director of the Institute for Molecular Psychiatry at the University of Bonn; he was previously professor at the University of Bielefeld and a researcher at the National Institute of Mental Health. He is perhaps best known in the field of cannabinoid research. His most cited paper on this subject, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has been cited 323 times. He has also done major work in the genetic sequencing of the genes for the function of the nervous system. His most widely cited paper in this subject in Nature Genetics, has been cited 262 times. He has produced more than 121 research articles, as shown in Web of Science.

References

External links
Andreas Zimmer official home page at the University of Bonn

Living people
Academic staff of the University of Bonn
German neuroscientists
Year of birth missing (living people)

Andreas Zimmer


Murchadh mac Sochlachan (died 936) was 32nd King of Uí Maine.

In 918, there occurred "A great slaughter was made of the Ui-Maine at Grian but the circumstances are not stated.

He was a son of Sochlachan mac Diarmata (died 909),  and brother of Mughroin mac Sochlachan and his pedigree - written as Murchatan (from the diminutive Murchadhain) - is recorded in Leabhar Ua Maine as:

Murchatan, son of Sochlachan, son of Diarmait, son of Fergus, son of Murchadh, son of Dubh-da-Thuath, son of Daimin, son of Darnhdairi, son of Ailell, son of Coirbin, son of Aedh, son of Crimthann Cael, son of Lughaidh, son of Dallan, son of Breasal, son of Maine Mor.

A heading indicates that his sept were called the Clann Cremthainn. As his is the terminal name in the list, it may be that the Clann Cremthainn provided no more kings.

References

 Annals of Ulster at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
 Annals of Tigernach at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
Revised edition of McCarthy's synchronisms at Trinity College Dublin.
 Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press,

Nobility from County Galway
Nobility from County Roscommon
10th-century Irish monarchs
936 deaths
Kings of Uí Maine
Year of birth unknown

Murchadh mac Sochlachan


Elvis Stojko,  (born March 22, 1972) is a Canadian figure skater. He was a three-time World champion (1994, 1995, 1997), two-time Olympic silver medallist (1994, 1998), and seven-time Canadian champion (1994, 1996–2000, and 2002).

Personal life
Stojko was born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada to a Hungarian mother and Slovenian father and was named after Elvis Presley, of whom his parents were fans. His father arrived in Canada on a boat in 1955 and his mother, Irene (), fled the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. Stojko grew up in Richmond Hill, Ontario. There is a hockey arena named after him in Richmond Hill.

Stojko competed in the 2005 WKA Canadian Championships and placed first in the Chinese martial arts division. He has been involved with Ronald McDonald Children's Charities in Canada. He settled in Ajijic, Jalisco, Mexico in 2001. On June 20, 2010, he married Mexican figure skater Gladys Orozco in Las Vegas. They resided in Ajijic until June 2014, when they relocated to Toronto. They now live on 140 acres near Bowmanville.

On October 3, 2021, Stojko was revealed to have been named in the Pandora Papers by the CBC.

Career
Stojko began skating at the age of four and won his first trophy when he was eleven.

1990–91 to 1992–93
At the 1991 World Championships, Stojko became the first person to land a quadruple-double jump combination. He later said he had studied VHS tapes of Kurt Browning, Brian Boitano, Alexander Fadeyev, and Jozef Sabovčík to help him master the quad.

At the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, he finished 7th despite skating a technically strong routine, but a month later he made his first appearance on a major international podium when he placed third at the 1992 World Championships behind winner Viktor Petrenko and Kurt Browning. In 1993 at the World Figure Skating Championships he finished second, once again behind Kurt Browning.

1993–94 season: Silver at Olympics and first World title
At the 1994 Canadian Championships in Edmonton, Stojko defeated Kurt Browning in the free skate to win his first national title. At the 1994 Winter Olympics in Norway at the Hamar Olympic Amphitheatre, he skated well enough in the short program to place second, putting him in good position heading into the free skate, after three of the pre-Olympic favourites (Brian Boitano, Viktor Petrenko & Kurt Browning) had disappointing short programs. Stojko had a strong performance in the free skate, despite popping a planned triple axel combination (which he later replaced by doing another triple Axel combination spontaneously) and won the silver medal. Stojko entered the 1994 World Championships in Chiba, Japan, as the favourite and won his first world championship with a performance that included another quadruple jump.

For Stojko's free skating program this season, he used music from the soundtrack of Dragon, the 1993 film biography about Bruce Lee. He was able to demonstrate his interest in karate and tai chi by incorporating movements from his extensive study of the disciplines into the program.

1994–95 season: Second World title
Stojko sustained a serious ankle injury during practice for the 1995 Canadian Championships, but was determined to compete anyway. He began his short program but was not able to complete it due to the injury, and was awarded a bye to the 1995 World Championships. His 1995 World Championship skate is regarded as one of his most impressive competitive outings because he completed his full routine despite his still-unhealed injury. Although in second place after the short programme behind American Todd Eldredge, Stojko won the free skate – and his second world championship – with a performance that included a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination in the closing seconds of his programme.

1995–96 season
At the 1996 World Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Stojko fell on his triple axel combo jump, leaving him in seventh place after the short programme. In the free programme he included a quadruple jump combination (the only one in the competition) and moved him all the way up to fourth, just off the podium behind American Rudy Galindo, who won the bronze. His quadruple toe loop–triple toe loop was the first ever performed by a skater in a major competition.

1996–97 season: Champions Series title
Stojko won the 1996–97 Champions Series Final (Grand Prix Final) in Hamilton, Ontario, skating to the movie soundtrack of "Dragon Heart". Two other skaters also landed quad jumps during the free skate (Ilia Kulik and Alexei Urmanov), but not in combination as Stojko did.

At the 1997 World Championships, he again had a strong short programme and placed fourth going into the free. Approximately halfway through the free skate, Alexei Urmanov, leader after the short programme, withdrew from the event with an injury, while Ilia Kulik, in third, had a performance that put him out of contention. Stojko then took the ice and landed his quad-triple combination to earn two perfect scores of 6.0 and another world title.

1997–98 season: Silver at Nagano Olympics
Stojko entered the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan as the heavy favorite and was expected to become the first Canadian man to win an Olympic gold medal. He did not disclose to the media that he had suffered a groin injury and was also recovering from a flu that had struck many other athletes during the Games. He was unable to take painkillers due to the possibility of failing his drug test. He later stated in an interview that he was already feeling stiff and sore during the warm-up prior to the long program, and therefore downgraded his planned quadruple toe loop to a triple, likely costing him a chance at gold. Later in the programme, on the landing of a triple axel, Stojko aggravated the injury even further, saying he "felt something snap." He still managed to successfully complete four more triples after that point, and won the silver medal.

In February 1998, Stojko published a book, Heart and Soul, about his career.

1998–99 to 2001–02
Stojko finished fourth in the 1999 World Championships. After the 1998–99 season, Stojko changed coaches from Doug Leigh to Uschi Keszler and Tim Wood. He won silver at the 2000 World Championships.

Stojko placed eighth at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. He turned professional in 2002.

He appeared as a hockey player Doug, in 2000's tv movie Ice Angel.

2003–present
Stojko was a commentator for CTV/TSN for the men's event at the 2003 World Championships in Washington, D.C. In 2006, he was a celebrity judge on the WE tv series Skating's Next Star, created and produced by Major League Figure Skating. The show was hosted by Kristi Yamaguchi.

Stojko briefly reinstated as an Olympic-eligible skater and publicly declared his intention to compete in the 2006 Olympics in Turin, Italy, before changing his mind and resuming his professional skating career. On August 10, 2006, he skated a farewell performance at a gala for the Mariposa skating club, where he trained most of his amateur career. He took a hiatus from active figure skating for several years.

Stojko provided commentary and analysis for Yahoo! Sports during the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He wrote an article criticizing the figure skating judging system used during the 2010 Olympics, saying that it did not reward athletes for undertaking quadruple jumps.

Stojko participated in ISF Entertainment's acrobatic ice show, "A Rock & Roll Fantasy", in the July 2010 Calgary Stampede.

Since 2011, Stojko has been racing karts in the Canadian Rotax DD2 Master Class and the SKUSA Mexico Series (S1 and S4 classes).

After Stojko relocated back from Mexico to Canada, he resumed his show skating career. He has participated in the Canadian tour of Stars on Ice since 2016, the show skating events of the Canadian National Exhibition in Toronto, and Busch Gardens' Christmas Town events in Williamsburg, Virginia since 2015.

In 2016 Stojko played the role of Mercury in a TV-movie Ice Girls.

Stojko was named in the Pandora Papers in 2021.

Accomplishments
 Three-time World Figure skating champion: 1994, 1995, 1997
 Two-time Olympic Silver medallist: 1994, 1998
 Seven-time Canadian Figure skating champion: 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002
 Four Continents champion: 2000
 Grand Prix Final Champion: 1996/1997
 Winner of the Lionel Conacher Award: 1994
 First man to land a quadruple jump in combination (quadruple toe-loop, double toe-loop): 1991 World Championships
 First man to land a quadruple/triple jump combination (quadruple toe-loop, triple toe-loop): ISU Champions Series Final
 Inducted into the Canada's Sports Hall of Fame in 2006.
 Inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2009.
 Inducted into the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame in 2011.

Programs

Post-2002

Pre-2002

Results
GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix

See also
 List of Olympic medalists in figure skating

References

External links

 Meritorious Service Decorations Citations
 Canoe.ca (2005). SLAM! Presents Elvis Stojko. Retrieved July 2, 2005.
 Brenda Gorman (2005). Stojko, Elvis . Retrieved July 2, 2005.

1972 births
Canadian male single skaters
Canadian people of Slovenian descent
Canadian people of Hungarian descent
Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Living people
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Sportspeople from Newmarket, Ontario
Sportspeople from Richmond Hill, Ontario
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Canadian male karateka
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
People from Ajijic
People named in the Pandora Papers

Elvis Stojko


Charcuterie is a French word that means cold cooked meats and the process of making them. Charcuterie often means food made from pork but not always.

An example of a charcuterie meat is salami.

A charcuterie platter or charcuterie board is a wooden board with these types of meats, crackers, fruits, nuts, etc.

Cooking
Meat dishes
Italian food
Portuguese food
French food
Pork

Charcuterie


KUNG is the English transcription of the Cyrillic initialism КУНГ for  Romanized:kuzov universal'nyy nulevogo (normal'nogo) gabarita (English:universal body of zero [standard] dimension). The KUNG is a Soviet, then Russian, term for a standardized military vehicle module/trailer system.

The most widespread standard frame-metal body-van is assembled from steel angles and angle bars, steering aluminum sheets outside, but inside - impregnated varnished plywood. The voids between the sheathing panels are filled with insulating foam. All bodies, regardless of specialization are supplied with heating, ventilation, lighting and ceiling light household equipment.
KUNGs are manufactured for installation on the chassis of GAZ-63, ZIL-157, GAZ-66, ZIL-131, KAMAZ-4310, Ural-375, Ural-4320. Versions for different vehicles are standardized with the same type of items and equipment.

KUNG body type: wood and metal, insulated, sealed, heated and are designed for placement of personnel, repair shops, electronic systems, health centers, etc.

Also the term kung is used informally for an accessory for civilian vehicles, pickup trucks - a metal or fiberglass roof on the body.

Gallery

References

Recreational vehicles
Trucks

KUNG


A warp drive or a drive enabling space warp is a fictional superluminal (faster than the speed of light) spacecraft propulsion system in many science fiction works, most notably Star Trek, and a subject of ongoing physics research.  The general concept of "warp drive" was introduced by John W. Campbell in his 1957 novel Islands of Space and was popularized by the Star Trek series. Its closest real-life equivalent is the Alcubierre drive, a theoretical solution of the field equations of general relativity.

History and characteristics
Warp drive, or a drive enabling space warp, is one of several ways of travelling through space found in science fiction. It has been often discussed as being conceptually similar to hyperspace. A warp drive is a device that distorts the shape of the space-time continuum. A spacecraft equipped with a warp drive may travel at speeds greater than that of light by many orders of magnitude. In contrast to some other fictitious faster-than-light technologies such as a jump drive, the warp drive does not permit instantaneous travel and transfers between two points, but rather involves a measurable passage of time which is pertinent to the concept. In contrast to hyperspace, spacecraft at warp velocity would continue to interact with objects in "normal space".

The general concept of warp drive was introduced by John W. Campbell in his 1957 novel Islands of Space. Brave New Words gave the earliest example of the term "space-warp drive" as Fredric Brown's Gateway to Darkness (1949), and also cited an unnamed story from Cosmic Stories (May 1941) as using the word "warp" in the context of space travel, although the usage of this term as a "bend or curvature" in space which facilitates travel can be traced to several works at as far back as the mid-1930s, for example Jack Williamson's The Cometeers (1936).

Einstein's space warp and real-world physics

Einstein's theory of special relativity states that speed of light travel is impossible for material objects that, unlike photons, have a non-zero rest mass. The problem of a material object exceeding light speed is that an infinite amount of kinetic energy would be required to travel at exactly the speed of light. Warp drives are one of the science-fiction tropes that serve to circumvent this limitation in fiction to facilitate stories set at galactic scales. However, the concept of space warp has been criticized as "illogical", and has been connected to several other rubber science ideas that do not fit into our current understanding of physics, such as antigravity or negative mass.

Some argue that these effects mean that although it's not possible to travel faster than the speed of light, both space and time "warp" to allow travelling the distance of one light year, in less than a year. Although it is not possible to travel faster than the speed of light, the effective speed is faster than light. This warping of space and time is precisely mathematically specified by the Lorentz factor, which depends on velocity. Although only theoretical when published over 100 years ago, the effect has since been measured and confirmed many times. In the limit, at light speed time stops completely and it is possible to travel infinite distances across space with no passage of time.

Although the concept of warp drive has originated in fiction, it has received some scientific consideration, most notably related to the 1990s concept of the Alcubierre drive. Alcubierre stated in an email to William Shatner that his theory was directly inspired by the term used in the TV series Star Trek and cites the "'warp drive' of science fiction" in his 1994 article.

In 2021, DARPA-funded researcher Harold White, of the Limitless Space Institute, claimed that he had succeeded in creating a real warp bubble, saying "our detailed numerical analysis of our custom Casimir cavities helped us identify a real and manufacturable nano/microstructure that is predicted to generate a negative vacuum energy density such that it would manifest a real nanoscale warp bubble, not an analog, but the real thing."

Star Trek

Warp drive is one of the fundamental features of the Star Trek franchise and one of the best-known examples of space warp (warp drive) in fiction. In the first pilot episode of Star Trek: The Original Series, "The Cage", it is referred to as a "hyperdrive", with Captain Pike stating the speed to reach planet TalosIV as "time warp, factor 7". The warp drive in Star Trek is one of the most detailed fictional technologies there is. Compared to the hyperspace drives of other fictional universes, it differs in that a spaceship does not leave the normal space-time continuum and instead the space-time itself is distorted, as is made possible in the general theory of relativity.

The basic functional principle of the warp drive in Star Trek is the same for all spaceships. A strong energy source, usually a so-called  warp core  or sometimes called intermix chamber, generates a high-energy plasma. This plasma is transported to the so-called warp field generators via lines that are reminiscent of pipes. These generators are basically coils in warp nacelles protruding from the spaceship. These generate a subspace field, the so-called warp field or a warp bubble, which distort space-time and propels the bubble and spaceship in the bubble forward.

The warp core can be designed in various forms. Humans and most of the other fictional races use a moderated reaction of antideuterium and deuterium. The energy produced passes through a matrix, which is made of a fictional chemical element, called dilithium. However, other species are shown to use different methods for faster-than-light propulsion. The Romulans, for example, use artificial micro-black holes called quantum singularities.

The speeds are given in warp factors and follow a Geometric progression. The first scale developed by Franz Joseph was simply a cubic progression with no limit. This leads to the use of ever growing warp factors in the Original Series and the Animated Series. For example, warp 14.1 in the TOS-episode "That Which Survives" or warp 36 in the TAS-episode "The Counter-Clock Incident". In order to focus more on the story and away from the technobabble, Gene Roddenberry commissioned Michael Okuda to invent a revised warp scale. Warp 10 should be the absolute limit and stand for infinite speed. In homage to Gene Roddenberry, this limit was also called "Eugene's Limit". Okuda explains this in an author's comment in his technical manual for the USS Enterprise-D. Between Warp 1 (the speed of light) and Warp 9, the increase was still roughly geometric, but the exponent was adjusted so that the speeds were higher compared to the old scale. For instance, Warp 9 is more than 1500 times faster than Warp 1 in comparison to the 729 times (nine to the power of 3) calculated using the original cubic formula. In the same author's comment, Okuda explains that the motivation was to fulfill fan expectations that the new Enterprise is much faster than the original, but without changing the warp factor numbers. Between Warp 9 and Warp 10, the new scale grows exponentially. Only in a single episode of Star Trek Voyager there was a specific numerical speed value given for a warp factor. In the episode "The 37's", Tom Paris tells Amelia Earhart that Warp 9.9 is about 4 billion miles per second (using customary units for the character's benefit). That is more than 14 times the value of Warp 9 and equal to around 21,400 times speed of light. However, this statement contradicts the technical manuals and encyclopedias written by Rick Sternbach and Michael Okuda. There a speed of 3053 times the speed of light was established for a warp factor of 9.9 and a speed of 7912 times the speed of light for a warp factor of 9.99. Both numerical values are well below the value given by Tom Paris.

In the episode "Vis à Vis", a coaxial warp drive is mentioned. The working principle is explained in more detail in the Star Trek Encyclopedia. This variant of a warp drive uses spatial folding instead of a warp field and allows an instant movement with nearly infinite velocity.

Star Trek has also introduced a so-called Transwarp concept, but without a fixed definition. It is effectively a catch-all phrase for any and all technologies and natural phenomena that enable speeds above Warp 9.99.

Rick Sternbach described the basic idea in the Technical Manual: "Finally, we had to provide some loophole for various powerful aliens like Q, who have a knack for tossing the ship million of light years in the time of a commercial break. [...] This lets Q and his friends have fun in the 9.9999+ range, but also lets our ship travel slowly enough to keep the galaxy a big place, and meets the other criteria."

See also
 Bussard collector
 Exotic matter
 Gravitational interaction of antimatter
 Krasnikov tube
 Negative energy
 Tachyons
 Timeline of black hole physics
 Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity

References

External links

 Embedding of the Alcubierre Warp drive 2d plot in Google

 Warp Drive, When? A NASA feasibility article
 Special Relativity Simulator What would things look like at near-warp speeds?
 Alcubierre Warp Drive at the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight

 The Warp Drive Could Become Science Fact

Faster-than-light travel in fiction
Science fiction themes
Star Trek devices

Emerging technologies

Warp drive


Wipeout 2097 (released as Wipeout XL in North America and Japan) is a racing video game developed and published by Psygnosis. It is the second installment released in the Wipeout series and the direct sequel of the original game released the previous year. It was originally released in 1996 for the PlayStation, and in 1997 for Microsoft Windows and the Sega Saturn. It was later ported by Digital Images to the Amiga in 1999 and by Coderus to Mac OS in 2002.

Whereas the original game introduced the F3600 anti-gravity racing league in 2052, Wipeout 2097 is set over four decades later and introduces the player to the much faster, more competitive, and more dangerous F5000 AG racing league. The game introduced a new damage interface and new weapons and tracks. The Sega Saturn version supported analogue control by using its 3D Control Pad, whereas the PlayStation version supported analogue control only through using the optional NeGcon twist controller.

Wipeout 2097 received critical acclaim upon release; reviewers praised the game for its dramatic improvements to the controls, graphics, and gameplay of the original Wipeout. It has appeared on lists of the greatest games of all time by multiple publications.

Gameplay

Gameplay does not differ much from the previous title. Aside from the different circuits and new weapons, the fundamental aspects were kept. Pilots race each other or computer-controlled A.I. opponents to finish in the highest position possible.

Though the crafts move at very high straight-line speeds, Wipeout takes its inspiration from Formula 1 breakthroughs by aspiring for even greater turning speeds. Using the Formula 1 parallel, rather than using aerodynamics to increase wheel grip by down-force for faster turning speeds, Wipeout uses a fictionalised method of air braking for ever greater turning force. Just moving a craft left or right alone is very responsive, but by applying an air-brake in the direction of movement, players zip around very tight turns at near top speed, including those greater than 90 degrees. By applying an air-brake, the turn starts out gradually but as it continues, change in direction increases sharply. Where necessary, the player may also use dual air-brakes for rapid deceleration, typically used if the pilot has flown off the racing line in tight corners and needs to steady. The player can also take damage from enemy fire and be blown up, but the ship can be "recharged" to health at the pit stop in exchange for a precious few seconds of the race.

Aside from the usual tactical aspects of racing, Wipeout 2097 (unlike its predecessor) offered the chance to eliminate other drivers from the competition by destroying their craft with weapons. Each craft has a shield energy quota, and when this quota reaches zero—either from damage sustained from weapon attacks, or impact from other craft or the edges of the circuit—the craft blows up. The craft also blows up if the time limit is reached, though this only applies to human players. The biggest weapon introduced in 2097 was the Quake Disruptor, which has been a series hallmark ever since. This weapon causes a quake to whip up the track, sending opponent craft into the air and smashing back down.

The aim of the game remains the same from its predecessor: complete increasingly difficult challenges to move on to the next race. The difficulty level is changed by increasing the top speed of the craft, through four different classes (Vector, Venom, Rapier, and Phantom). The number of laps needed to complete a race also increased with each new class. Victory in the challenge modes is the game's ultimate accomplishment. These modes are similar to a championship where players have to race every track to become a champion; however, rather than tallying up points, Challenge mode takes a very single player-centric approach by only allowing progress to the next track by coming in first on the current track. Players can lose the mode by losing all three lives, which are lost by finishing a race in worse than third position. By winning all the races, the player is crowned champion and given access to faster modes, new tracks and ultimately the Piranha craft.

Development
As with the first installment, Wipeout 2097 was developed by Liverpudlian developer Psygnosis and the promotional art was designed by Sheffield-based The Designers Republic. The development cycle ran for seven months. To cater for the increase in Wipeout players, an easier learning curve was introduced whilst keeping the difficulty at the top end for the experienced gamers. The game was originally intended as a tracks add-on for the original Wipeout. No sequel had been planned, but Andy Satterthwaite (who worked on the MS-DOS version of the original) was asked by Psygnosis to apply for the role "internal producer". He did, and during the interview, asked to do a sequel to Wipeout, but instead ended up developing extra tracks. The add-on was titled Wipeout 2097 because Psygnosis did not want to give the impression that it was a full sequel. In the United States, it went by the name of Wipeout XL because it was felt that American players would not understand the concept of the game being set a century in the future. The American title was originally to be Wipeout XS (for "Excess"), but it was pointed out that XS could also stand for "extra small". Satterthwaite ended up with a team of two coders (two of whom were new), six artists, and Nick Burcombe.

The game's look was influenced by Japanese culture because the team had worked with The Designers Republic. Nicky Westcott was the lead artist, and her team built on the original vehicle designs. She also worked with the designers and coders on the tracks. Custom tools were created in Softimage to develop the tracks, which were tweaked and the team played each other's tracks to obtain feedback. During the process, Satterthwaite realised that he could do more than the tracks add-on he was tasked with producing. Work on the tracks began in January 1996, and the plan was to select eight tracks out of twenty designed and built in a month. Their "skinning" was expected to be complete by June, with the game anticipated for release in October. Despite the work involved, Satterthwaite had three uninvolved coders. The collision code from the original Wipeout was also completely overhauled.

Burcombe wanted to improve on the original's ship handling and introduce a new weapon, which led to new power-up ideas. Westcott said that it was a collaboration between the areas because of the strict deadline. The gameplay change that had the most interest was what happened to ships that hit track edges. That ships stopped immediately in the original game was considered too harsh. It was desired that ships scraped the edges instead, and this took longer than expected to develop. Ghost vehicles were only featured in the European version because Atari had a patent on them from Hard Drivin' in the United States. The team wanted to make it possible to win races in any ship, and a challenge was to make them all feel different and to still have their worth. Months of work rebalancing the artificial intelligence was undertaken to ensure all vehicle and track settings were a challenge. Sony wanted a link-up feature, which proved difficult due to syncing issues and the frame rate differences between PAL and NTSC. Much extra content, such as more difficult tracks and a prototype ship, was added because, according to Westcott, the team were both enthusiastic and stressed, and described their development as "a period of great energy and immense exhaustion at the same time".

An entire United Kingdom nightclub tour was initiated in conjunction with the Red Bull energy drink, which was featured prominently throughout the game before the drink actually gained popularity in the American market.

The game was first unveiled in the form of a pre-alpha demo at the May 1996 Electronic Entertainment Expo. Wipeout 2097 was released in 1996 and sold around a million copies. Ports for the Sega Saturn, Amiga, Apple Macintosh, and PC were later released.

Music
New music was mostly recorded from Psygnosis's in-house music team, CoLD SToRAGE, for versions released outside the PlayStation. The songs of the PlayStation, Sega Saturn and the Windows and Mac versions could also be listened to by inserting the CD into a CD player (and skipping the first track). The soundtrack was also released as an audio CD, though with a different artist and track listing.

Reception

PlayStation
In the United Kingdom, it was among the nineteen best-selling PlayStation games of 1996, according to HMV.

Air Hendrix scored the PlayStation version a perfect 5 out of 5 in every category (FunFactor, control, sound, and graphics) in GamePro, citing "across-the-board innovations" over the already excellent original WipeOut. He particularly remarked that the controls are much more refined, fairer, and easier to master, and that the frame rate and graphical effects are much more impressive. Tom Ham of GameSpot also commented on the control improvements and approved of the new ability to destroy opponents. Additionally praising the elaborate backgrounds, detailed sound effects, and more aggressive A.I., he deemed it "a must buy." IGN said that it had topped the original in terms of music, number of simultaneous racers, A.I., weapons, and graphics, and concluded, "It's games like this that make you proud to be a PlayStation owner." In 1996, Next Generation ranked Wipeout 2097 as the 32nd top game of all time for how "playing linked Wipeout comes close to gaming at its very best", noting that the game could have been a technology demonstration for PlayStation. Edge gave both the PlayStation and Sega Saturn versions a score of 8 out of 10, with similar remarks of its improved graphics and its gameplay.

Electronic Gaming Monthly editors awarded Wipeout 2097 Best Music of 1996 and a runner-up (behind Super Mario 64) for Best Graphics. In 1997, The Official PlayStation Magazine named it the fifth top PlayStation game yet, and Electronic Gaming Monthly named the PlayStation version the 96th best game of all time, calling it "the first game of the cyberpunk-esque 'electronic age,' before the electronic age was just a hype-filled buzzword." In IGNs top 25 PlayStation games of all-time list it ranked 13th, noted for being often considered the PlayStation's best racing game of its time and was chosen ahead of others in the series because Wipeout 2097 was "the one they preferred to keep coming back to". In 2003, Wipeout 2097 was inducted into GameSpot's list of the greatest games of all time. It ranks as the third-best PlayStation game at GameRankings with an average review score of 94.75 per cent from ten different sources.

Ports
Rich Leadbetter of Sega Saturn Magazine commented that the Saturn version, while not as good as the PlayStation original, is a much closer conversion than the Saturn port of the first Wipeout, particularly in terms of the fluidity, control, and sense of speed. He deemed it the second best racing game on the Saturn, exceeded only by Sega Rally Championship.

Jeff Gerstmann reviewed the PC version in GameSpot, assessing that "The PC version's Direct3D support gives this new release a nice face-lift, while still keeping intact the fast action and stylized graphics that console players have come to know and love." He said that the new soundtrack, while good, is a disappointment compared to the PlayStation version's techno tracks, but gave the game a strong recommendation. Next Generation stated that "If you have a 3D accelerator of any sort, you owe it to yourself to pick up this game. Its nearly flawless gameplay, pumping soundtrack, and visual excellence mark it as a showcase title and all around good time."

Notes

References

External links

1996 video games
2097
Amiga games
Classic Mac OS games
Golden Joystick Award winners
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Perfect Entertainment games
PlayStation (console) games
Psygnosis games
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Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the 2090s
Video games scored by Tim Wright (Welsh musician)
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Video game sequels
Windows games
Wipeout (series)

Wipeout 2097


Noodle is an unincorporated community in Jones County, Texas, United States.

History
A post office called Noodle was established in 1900, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1924. Noodle has been noted for its unusual place name. The name comes from nearby Noodle Creek, a dry creek named for the local term for "nothing" according to local history.

References

Unincorporated communities in Jones County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
1900 establishments in Texas

Noodle, Texas


Egerton House Hotel is an AA five star double-townhouse hotel located at 17-19 Egerton Terrace off Brompton Road in the Knightsbridge area of London.  It is part of the Red Carnation Hotels group. The hotel consists of two adjoining Victorian townhouses constructed from red-brick, which were originally built in 1843. It is managed by Michelle Devlin and Annie McCrann. The hotel has 28 en-suite rooms and a number of suites. The hotel is consistently rated within the top 10 best reviewed hotels within London on Tripadvisor.com

Art
The hotel contains a number of original lithographs, by French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and original works by Picasso and Matisse which belong to the personal collection of the president and founder Mrs. Beatrice Tollman.

Reception
The hotel featured in travel magazine Condé Nast Traveller's annual Gold List of 'best places in the world to stay' in January 2011 and Voted "Most Excellent City Hotel in the UK 2012" by Condenast Johansens

References

External links
 Official website
Review of The Egerton House Hotel on Tripadvisor

Hotels in London

Egerton House Hotel


The BMW CE 04 is an electric scooter produced by BMW Motorrad.

History

The Concept Link design study gave an initial preview for the successor to the C evolution electric scooter as early as 2017, when it was shown at the Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este in Lake Como, Italy. The Concept Link featured a touchscreen instrument panel and luggage compartment beneath the rider's seat, using space made available through an electric traction motor; the "Link" name referred to internet connectivity features, including the ability to plot routes and select music based on the rider's appointment calendar. As an accessory, a jacket wirelessly linked to the scooter allowed the rider to manipulate controls by making specific gestures.

An updated concept named Definition CE 04 was shown in November 2020 at BMW's "Next/Gen 2020" virtual show; at the time, BMW hinted a closely related production model would follow. The Definition concept included a large screen in the instrument panel, connected to the user's smartphone; the matching riding jacket was illuminated for visibility and contained a pocket that would charge the phone wirelessly. By March 2021, leaked patent images indicated that BMW had completed the design for a production version of the CE 04 with very few changes from the earlier Concept Link and Definition concepts.

In July 2021, BMW officially presented the final production version of the CE 04, which is scheduled to go on sale in February 2022. The "04" in the name refers to the market segment (400 cc gasoline-powered scooters) at which it is intended. The suggested retail price is  in the United States and  in the United Kingdom. At Milipol 2021 in November, BMW showed a CE 04 equipped with a police package, which adds typical emergency vehicle equipment including LED strobe lights, siren, additional secured storage, and extra radio.

Design

Styling
The CE 04 implements the styling from the Concept Link in production form with changes to make it road-legal, including mirrors and license plate mounts; The Verge noted the Concept Link looked like "[it would] be right at home in a sci-fi movie like Blade Runner" in 2017 and called the follow-up Definition CE 04 concept of November 2020 "straight out of a William Gibson novel. The elongated, low vehicle body and the diagonally rising front end create a clean break from the look of scooters as we know them." Deliberate rear panel gaps were left to provide a hint of the mechanics of the scooter.

Powertrain and battery
The powertrain of the CE 04 is derived from BMW automobiles. The traction motor is a shortened version of the electric motor used in the X3 xDrive 30e and 225xe plug-in hybrid models, generating a peak of  ( continuous) and  of torque. The scooter can accelerate from  in 2.6 seconds. The maximum speed is .

A derating version is available, for  driving license reasons and their specifications are reduced to 31 hp (23 kW) (15 hp (11 kW) continuous).

The electric traction motor is mounted to the chassis, not the swingarm, reducing unsprung weight. A toothed belt drive is used to transmit power from the motor to the rear wheel. Three driving modes are available (Eco, Rain, and Road), controlling the amount of throttle response and regenerative braking; an optional driving mode (Dynamic) provides the most aggressive throttle response and strongest regeneration.

The scooter is equipped with a 147.6 V, 60.6 Ah / 8.9 kWh (8.5 usable) lithium-ion storage battery originally designed for the iX and i4. The battery is attached to a cooling plate with fins, allowing heat to dissipate through the air. Estimated range is  and  for the derating version, using the WLTP cycle. It is capable of AC charging at up to 6.9 kW; it is not equipped with a DC fast charging inlet. Charging times (for battery state from 0% to 100%) are estimated to range from 4 hours, 20 minutes (using a 2.3 kW / Level 1 AC supply) to 1 hour, 40 minutes (6.9 kW / Level 2). On Level 2 charging, it takes 45 minutes to bring the battery from 20% to 80% state of charge.

The CE 04 is fitted with mechanical brakes made by the Spanish brand JJuan; the front fork has twin  discs with 4-piston fixed calipers, while the rear wheel is equipped with a single  disc and single-piston floating caliper. A two-channel anti-lock braking system from Bosch is fitted; as an option, the ABS Pro system includes a tilt sensor, regulating braking during cornering.

Features
The instrument panel features a  TFT color screen with integrated navigation and connectivity with the rider's smartphone through a Bluetooth and a Wi-Fi connection. Additionally, it features a ventilated smartphone storage compartment with a USB-C charging port. LED lights are standard. Traction control is available as an option. An adaptive headlight is optional, which provides additional light depending on lean angle.

A reversing aid is provided, controlled by a handlebar-mounted switch on the left side. When activated, the vehicle reverses at a walking pace.

References

CE 04
Electric scooters
Motorcycles introduced in 2022

BMW CE 04


Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a Japanese American-Hawaiian adult fiction novel by Lois-Ann Yamanaka.  Its tonality is distinctive to that of a local Hawaiian culture in that all the main characters speak in Hawaiian Pidgin.  Although it is an adult fiction novel, the plot follows a young Japanese girl throughout her years in middle school.  The major themes of the novel include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity, and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in a white America.

Sections of the novel were adapted for the award-winning film, Fishbowl (2005), by Hawaii filmmaker Kayo Hatta, that aired nationally on PBS in 2006.

Plot introduction
The novel's characters and setting stay true to Lois-Ann Yamanaka's local upbringing on the Big Island of Hawaii.  Written in both English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers is a coming-of-age first-person narrative of Lovey Nariyoshi, a local Japanese girl growing up in Hilo, Hawaii in the 1970s.  During the anti-Japanese wave that flowed through the United States during this time period, Lovey looks back at all of the key events and people in her life that help shape the young girl she becomes in the end.  By only seeing white stars on TV, discovering the birthing canal with her pregnant teenage-neighbor Katy, rationalizing her best friend Jerome's homosexuality and other events, Lovey tries to find her place in the world - a world that constantly tells her that being pure Japanese is not beautiful.

Explanation of the novel's title
Apart from being the title of the novel, "Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers" is also the title of the eleventh chapter in the book.  Here, Lovey describes the wild animals that her father, Hubert, hunts, kills, and cooks for the family.  One day Hubert brings home a black-and-white calf that Lovey's sister Calhoon names Bully.  The chapter ends when Hubert fries hamburgers for the girls, burgers made with Bully meat.  The wild smell of the Bully Burgers fills the entire kitchen, and neither of them can eat dinner that night.

Plot summary
The novel takes place, roughly, over a period of three years.  Part One begins when Lovey is in the sixth grade and she and her best friend Jerry are watching a Shirley Temple movie.  Lovey comments on how there is always a happy ending in movies, but never in real life – especially in her own life where she is pure Japanese, and not pretty like the haoles and hapa children in her class.  And so she and Jerry constantly make up their own obituaries when they are playing together.

We are introduced to both of Lovey's parents in Part One: Verva Nariyoshi being the mother that always seems unhappy with Lovey, and Hubert Nariyoshi being the father that treats Lovey like the son he never had.  Other characters in this section include Katy – the Nariyoshi's pregnant teenage neighbor that teaches Lovey that babies come out of a woman's vagina and not the other end.  Aunt Helen is another neighbor, and Verva's best friend.

Among all the characters in the novel, Lovey learns the most from her father Hubert.  He teaches her about the "dominate and recessid jeans" of pea flowers and rabbit mating on their farm, hunting wild turkey and other animals, and tells her not to get too close to any the animals bred for food - like the cow that Calhoon names Bully.  Hubert also teaches Lovey about his Japanese Samurai ancestors, how they moved to Hawaii to work on the plantations on the island of Kauai, and how Lovey should be proud of her heritage.

Part Two begins at school, probably at the beginning of the seventh grade.  Although Jerry is handsome enough to attract the eyes of the popular Lori Shigemura, their classmates still call him "Queer" and "Fag" and call Lovey "Queen" and "Lez."  This is the section where Jerry's homosexuality is alluded to the most.  He and Lovey both argue over who David Cassidy would rather date, and they both decide that it would be a blonde haole girl.  This is also where Lovey gets her period and realizes that she hates being a girl.

In this section we are introduced to Jerry's older high school-aged brother Larry.  Larry is always violent towards Lovey and Cal and Jerry, later killing their pet Koi in Part Three because they watch him and his girlfriend Crystal have sex in her bedroom.

Part Three is where most of the rising action occurs throughout the novel.  Lovey and Jerry are now in their last year of middle school.  We are given fuller descriptions of the Rays of the Rising Sun, a YMCA club consisting of the most popular girls in Lovey's class.  Lori is a part of this group, and dances with Jerry at their Graduation Dance at the end of the year.  Lori is constantly calling Lovey names because she is jealous of the relationship she has with Jerry.

And as mentioned before, Larry kills Lovey and Calhoon's pet Koi out of anger - Crystal gets pregnant and her mother takes her to Japan to abort the baby.  However, a few months after she comes back home, she again gets pregnant by Larry.  Refusing to live with the shame, she hangs herself.

But the most traumatic event in Part Three is when Hubert loses his eyesight during a hunting accident.  Out of anger he yells and throws dirt at Lovey.  And out of guilt he gets drunk and accidentally blows out his eyes when trying to shoot a deer.  Lovey feels responsible, and finally learns that being proud of her ancestry is more important than the physical things that she lacks - things that society tells her she should have.  Lovey flies to the island of Kauai to get a bag filled with dirt for her father to "see" his home again.

Characters
Lovey Nariyoshi - main character and protagonist of the novel.  Lovey is the narrator, speaking in both standard English and Hawaiian Pidgin.  Lovey hates being pure Japanese and would prefer to be haole or hapa.  She and her best friend Jerry are in middle school and constantly pretend they are popular television characters including Shirley Temple and Donny Osmond & Marie Osmond.  Lovey also hates being a girl, and she would much rather be a boy and hunt like her father, Hubert.  Because of her self-loathing, Lovey is constantly butting heads with Hubert.  It isn't until a terrible accident that Lovey begins to accept her heritage.

Hubert Nariyoshi - Lovey's father and the antagonist of the novel.  It is through Hubert that Lovey undergoes a change in understanding and character by the end.  Hubert lived and worked on the rice plantations on the island of Kaua'i.  He left the island, moved to the Big Island of Hawaii and it is there where he raises his two daughters.  He is married to Verva, although he plays a bigger role in Lovey's life than Verva.

Jerome "Jerry" - Lovey's best friend.  His homosexuality is alluded to many times throughout the novel, but it is clear that he and Lovey have a deeper love beyond friendship.  His quest for popularity with their classmates leaves Lovey alone at times, but he always comes back to her when these "friendships" do not work out.  Jerry is tall and skinny, and although he is smaller than the other boys in their middle school, Jerry is good-looking enough to get the attention of popular girls.

Calhoon Nariyoshi - Lovey's younger sister.  Cal and Lovey constantly butt heads, both vying for their father's affections.  She gives Lovey derogatory nicknames throughout the book, including Oompa Loompa when their mother tries to Toni Perm her hair, and the name "Bloody Lovey" when Lovey gets her period.  Cal is the typical younger sibling, sometimes understanding, but most of the time tattling on Lovey and Jerry.  Verva constantly compares Lovey to Cal, wondering why her older daughter can't be like the younger one.

Verva Nariyoshi - Lovey's mother.  Her role is both small in the novel, as well as in Lovey's life.  She smokes Parliaments and constantly tries to change the outward appearance of Lovey.  She blames her daughters for not being able to give Hubert a male heir.

Uncle Tora - Hubert's older brother.  As a boy Tora was mean to Hubert.  Later he writes Hubert a letter, apologizing for how he treated him as a child.  Tora is the one that tells Hubert about the Nariyoshi's family heritage, stemming from Samurai in Russia.  Tora plays a bigger role towards the end when he comes back and helps the family after the accident.

Larry - Jerry's violent older brother.  He is always physically hurting Lovey, Jerry, and Cal.  His girlfriend, Crystal, gets pregnant twice by him.

Crystal Kawasaki – the pretty girlfriend of Larry.  She is both beautiful and smart and Verva hires her to tutor Lovey and Cal.  The first time Crystal gets pregnant, her mother takes her to Japan to abort the child.  But she gets pregnant a second time and commits suicide because of the shame.

Aunt Helen – One of the Nariyoshi's neighbors.  She is Verva's best friend, and exactly like Verva in that they both criticize Lovey without any remorse.  Aunt Helen plays a minor role in the novel.

Katy – the other neighbor of the Nariyoshi family.  She is a pregnant teenager that Lovey grows fond of throughout the novel.  She teaches Lovey the birthing process, and allows Lovey to play with her baby son, Charlie, whenever she comes over.

"The Teacher" - an unnamed character.  Lovey and Jerry love this teacher and it seems that the relationship they have with her is a bit inappropriate.  They are constantly spending nights over at this teacher's house, and she is constantly teaching them about Hell fire and the Devil.  Verva finds out and forbids Lovey to speak to her ever again.

Grandma - Hubert's mother.  She lives on the island of Molokai and Verva sends Lovey to spend a few weeks with her after she keeps getting nightmares of the Devil and Hell from "The Teacher."  Grandma teaches Lovey about the true love of God

Rays of the Rising Dawn - a YMCA girls club consisting of characters Traci Kihara, Gina Oshiro, Laura Murayama, Jodie Louie, Lori Shigemura, Rhonda Whang and Kandi Mitsuda.  Lori has a bigger part in the novel than the rest of the girls because she has a constant crush on Jerry throughout their years in middle school.

Major themes
The major themes of the novel that is discussed by Literary Critics include comparing a mother-daughter relationship with a father-daughter one, finding one's identity and the politics of Japanese Hawaiian culture in White America.

Father-daughter relationship:
Asian-American writers usually follow the pattern of writing about mother-daughter relationships (20).  Parents constantly want to live out their dreams through their children, particularly their children of the same sex.  A son, to his father, should grow up just as strong and capable as his father in both the family and the working world.  Likewise, a daughter should be as beautiful and ladylike as her mother.  But Hubert wants to live his dreams through Lovey because he has no male heirs.  And since Verva isn't willing to accept Lovey the way she is, her relationship with her daughter is stunted.  Instead, Hubert accepts Lovey and tries to get her to also accept their Japanese heritage.

Identity:
Micheline Soong states in her dissertation "Yosegire Buton, The 'Crazy Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii," that the narrative structure in Wild Meat produces racial and gender expectations of society and its different layers by the different voices of the narrator – Lovey's pre-adolescent voice and her adolescent teenager voice (135).

In her article, "Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka's Bildungsroman," Serena Fusco claims that "by the end of [the] novel the main character, a teenage girl, has acquired a great deal of knowledge, which enables her to achieve self-awareness and get over the racial and sexual abuse perpetrated on her by the patriarchal society (197).

Politics of local Hawaiian culture in White America:
Although the novel is narrated in both the Standard American English and Hawaiian Pidgin, Lovey and the rest of the characters speak Hawaiian Pidgin to each other.  In his article "I wish you a land," Rocio Davis says that the fact the Lovey speaks Pidgin is an example of how her character is separated from Western ideals (59).  And by this separation, Lovey and the other characters in Wild Meat try to find their identities amidst political struggles (47).

Publication history
1996, USA, Farrar Straus , Pub date January 1996, Hardback

Scholarly articles
Chang, Juliana.  "Interpreting Asian American Identity and Subjectivity."  Modern Fiction Studies 53.4 (2007): 867-75.
Davis, Rocio G.  "I wish you a land: Hawai'i short Story Cycles and aloha 'aina."  Journal of American Studies 35.1 (2001): 47-64
- - -.  "Short Story Cycle and Hawai'i Bildungsroman: Writing Self, Place, and Family in Lois-Ann Yamanaka's Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers."  Form and 	Transformation in Asian American Literature.  Seattle: University of Washington Press (2005): 231-48.
Fusco, Serena.  "Spreading Traditions: Lois-Ann Yamanaka's Bildungsroman." Incoronata Inserra (2003): 197-226.
Makino, Rie.  "Localized Masculinities and Translocal Femininities: The Politics of Locations in the novels by Jessica Hagedorn, Lois-Ann Yamanaka, and Karen Tei Yamashita." Diss. Arizona State University, 2006.
Soong, Micheline M.  "Yosegire Buton, The 'Crazy' Patchwork Quilt: An Alternative Narrative Strategy for Three Local Japanese Women Writers of Hawaii." Diss. University of California in L.A., 1999.
Wong, Sau-ling C, and Jeffrey J. Santa Ana.  "Gender and Sexuality in Asian American Literature." Signs 25.1 (1999): 171-226.
Young, Morris.  "Standard English and Student Bodies: Institutionalizing Race and Literacy in Hawai'i."  College English 64.4 (2002): 405-31.

References

External links
 Lois-Ann Yamanaka's webpage
 Editorial Review of "Wild Meat"

1996 American novels
Novels by Lois-Ann Yamanaka
Hawaiian literature
American bildungsromans
Novels set in Hawaii
American novels adapted into films
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books

Wild Meat and the Bully Burgers


The Highland Park General Hospital is a former hospital complex located at 357 Glendale Avenue in Highland Park, Michigan. It was closed in 1976 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The hospital primarily served African Americans. The building was later renovated into apartments, and is now the Bella Vista Glen Senior Apartments.

Description
The Highland Park General Hospital sits on a  at the western edge of Highland Park, in an area that is primarily residential.  The complex includes three separate buildings.  The primary building faces Glendale, and includes the original hospital building, built in 1918, and the attached nurses' residence (1925).  The other two buildings are located behind the main unit, and consist of the power plant/laundry buildings (builtin in 1921 and 1940, respectively) and the Contagious and Psychopathic Units (built in 1926).

This complex of buildings was developed to be a coherent assemblage, united by a common use of materials, utilitarian design, and hierarchical relationship.  The buildings constructed before World War II are detailed in a neo-Georgian style characteristic of the early 20th century period of construction, while elements built in the postwar era have no historical or ornamental detailing.

History
The Highland Park General Hospital is a significant landmark in the history of Highland Park.  The hospital was one of the first two institutions established when Highland Park incorporated as a city in 1916.  The main building was constructed in the period from 1918 to 1921, and the growth and usage of the hospital contributed to the strong municipal identity of Highland Park, particularly as Detroit grew and annexed the surrounding suburbs.  The Highland Park General Hospital served the city as a hospital until its closing in 1976. The building remained vacant until 1986, when it was purchased and renovated into apartments. It now serves as the Bella Vista Glen Senior Apartments.

References

Defunct hospitals in Michigan
Highland Park, Michigan
Buildings and structures in Wayne County, Michigan
Hospital buildings completed in 1918
Hospital buildings completed in 1926
Hospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Michigan State Historic Sites in Wayne County, Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Wayne County, Michigan
Historically black hospitals in the United States

Highland Park General Hospital


The 1992 Australian Individual Speedway Championship was the 1992 version of the Australian Individual Speedway Championship organised by Motorcycling Australia. The final took place on 26 January 1992 at the North Arm Speedway in Adelaide, South Australia. The championship was won by Mildura's Leigh Adams who won the first of his record 10 national championships. Shane Parker from Adelaide was second (and the only rider who defeated Adams on the night) with Queensland's Mark Carlson in third place. Jason Lyons, also from Mildura defeated former champion Glenn Doyle and Queensland's Tony Langdon in a run-off for fourth place to grab the last Australian qualifying spot in the 1992 Commonwealth Final in England.

Leigh Adams became the first rider to complete the Australian Championship 'treble' having already won the Australian Under-16 Championship in 1986 and the Australian Under-21 Championship in 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1992. He also became the first rider to win the Under-21 and senior championships in the same season, a feat not repeated until Chris Holder from Sydney did so in 2008. Adams would go on to win the 1992 Under-21 Speedway World Championship later in the year in Germany

During Heat 3 of the meeting, Todd Wiltshire from New South Wales, who had placed 3rd in the 1990 World Final in England, fell in the second last turn after a race long battle for the lead with Victorian Jason Lyons. As Lyons dived under him for the lead, Wiltshire fell and along with his bike crashed into the safety fence, suffering terrible back injuries and multiple fractures of the Pelvis. Thankfully his Spinal Cord was not damaged, however the injuries were bad enough that the 23-year-old Wiltshire decided to retire from racing, though he would make a comeback to the sport in 1997. Wiltshire's place for the rest of the meeting was then given to the reserves, local riders Steve Greatz and Paul Chevy.

1992 Australian Solo Championship
 Australian Championship
 26 January 1992
  Adelaide, South Australia - North Arm Speedway
 Attendance - 6,000 (capacity)
 Referee:  Sam Bass
 Qualification: The top four riders go through to the Commonwealth Final in England.

Classification

References

See also
 Australia national speedway team
 Sport in Australia

Speedway in Australia
Australia
Individual Speedway Championship


"Zebra" is the first single released from the John Butler Trio's album Sunrise Over Sea. Featuring the Sunrise lineup of John Butler on guitar/vocals, Shannon Birchall on double bass and Nicky Bomba on drums/percussion, it blends the genres of folk, funk, rock, and a bit of blues.

"Zebra" is exceptionally known for its catchy refrain and lyrics which are entirely about opposites, for example "I can be alive, man, or be the walking dead" or "I can be black or I can be white".

Inspiration
According to John Butler, the song began as a riff that he had stuck in his head for several years, but had difficulty recalling when he had a guitar. The lyric pattern of "I could be da da, I could be da da" originated from Butler scat singing the riff to his baby daughter, while the opposites in each line of the lyrics led Nicky Bomba to the idea of a zebra asking itself if it was white with black stripes or black with white stripes, from which the song's title is derived.

Music video
The music video for "Zebra" features Butler and the band recording the song in a studio which seems like a small, worn-out backyard shed. It is also interspersed with footage of Butler on his skateboard.

Track listing
All tracks written by John Butler.

 "Zebra" – 3:56
 "Media" (Live at the Wireless for Triple J) – 7:10
 "Losing My Cool" (previously unreleased) – 8:10

Personnel
John Butler Trio
John Butler – Amplified 11-string acoustic guitar, banjo, lead vocals
Shannon Birchall – Double bass, electric bass, backing vocals
Nicky Bomba – Drums, percussion, backing vocals

Additional musicians
Michael Barker – cookie spoons, congas (Track 1)
Michael Caruana – Hammond organ (Track 1)
Dave Pensabene – backing vocals (Track 1)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2003 singles
APRA Award winners
John Butler Trio songs
Songs written by John Butler (musician)
Jarrah Records singles

Zebra (The John Butler Trio song)


The Warld is a proper noon for the planet Yird frae a human pynt o view, as a place that human beins bides in. There wis aboot 7 billion (or 7,000 million) fowk on the planet as o Mairch 2013..

In a filosofical context the term mey refer tae the whole o the pheesical Universe, or an ontological warld, describit bi Martin Heidegger as warld disclosur.

In a theological context, warld usually refers tae the material or the profane sphere, as opponed tae the celestial, spiritual, transcendent or saucrit. The "end o the warld" refers tae scenarios o the final end o human history, eften in releegious contexts.

Warld history is commonly unnerstuid as spannin the major geopoleetical developments o aboot five millennia, frae the first ceevilisations tae the present. In terms such as warld releegion, warld leid, warld govrenment, an warld war, warld suggests internaitional or intercontinental scope wioot necessarily implyin pairteecipation o the entire warld.

Warld population is the sum o aw human populations at ony time; similarly, warld economy is the sum o the economies o aw societies or kintras, especially in the context o globalization. Terms like warld championship, gross warld product, warld banners imply the sum or combination o aw current-day sovereign states.

Soorces

Yird

Warld