Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) is a specification published for the use of Java on embedded devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. MIDP is part of the Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME) framework and sits on top of Connected Limited Device Configuration (CLDC), a set of lower level programming interfaces. MIDP was developed under the Java Community Process. The first MIDP devices were launched in April 2001.

General APIs
The core application programming interfaces are defined by the underlying Connected Limited Device Configuration system.

javax.microedition.io
Contains the Java ME-specific classes used for I/O operations.

javax.microedition.lcdui
Contains the Java ME-specific classes used for the GUI.

LCDUI has a simple screen based approach where a single Displayable is always active at anyone time in the application user interface. LCDUI API provides a small set of displayables common in mobile device user interfaces: List, Alert, TextBox, Form and Canvas. For all displayables the device MIDP implementation has control over the presentation and layout of the displayable. Canvas is a low-level graphics surface for which an application has full control over what is rendered to it, although normally some space is reserved for system areas like screen title and indicators common in mobile device UIs. Since MIDP 2.0, Canvas also supports a full-screen mode that allows use of full screen graphics, which is especially useful for games.

LCDUI also has a quite unique approach of abstract operations, called Commands. The placement of commands added to a displayable is completely up to the device implementation of this toolkit. The application programmer uses API specified command types to indicate the usage or purpose of the command in an application user interface. Common types are BACK, EXIT, ITEM, SCREEN. The idea of the command abstraction is to make applications more portable across various mobile devices. Application developers should use the command types properly to indicate the purpose of an operation, and device implementation then places the operation to the common location for a given type in a device's specific user interface style. This may be e.g. a specific key, like "a back navigation key" for BACK commands or a button on screen.

LCDUI acronym

The acronym LCDUI was actually an in-house joke within the JCP Expert Group. Though undefined in the MIDP specifications, it denotes Limited Capability Device User Interface. (The joke was that no one else really knew what it stood for). Later, the book Programming Wireless Devices with the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition gave this as the definition.

Other common pseudo-definitions have appeared. "Liquid Crystal Display User Interface" would reflect the fact that mobile phones normally use LCDs; however, the API is not specifically tailored to this particular display technology. It is also said that "LCD UI" stands for "lowest common denominator" due to the fact the specific UI has the simplest possible design.

javax.microedition.rms
The Record Management System provides a form of persistent storage for Java ME; a database for the mobile device.

javax.microedition.midlet
Contains the base classes for Java ME applications, and allows applications to be notified of changes to their state.

Optional JSRs

The following Java Specification Requests are a selection of the optional JSRs which can be added on top of a MIDP implementation to add extra functionalities. As optional JSRs there is no guarantee that a MIDP handset will implement such APIs.

javax.microedition.messaging
Wireless messaging API (optional), for sending SMS and MMS messages.

javax.microedition.pim
Personal information management API (optional), access the device's Address Book, to-do List, Calendar.

javax.microedition.io.file
The File Connection Optional Package (FCOP) is one of two optional packages defined by JSR 75 through the Java Community Process.
The FileConnection API specified in JSR 75 gives access to the local file systems on devices like PDA. In order to overcome security issues MIDlet needs to include requested file permission in its JAD file under MIDLet-Permission property.

Development tools
There are several different ways to create MIDP applications: code can be written in a plain text editor, or one can use a more advanced IDE such as NetBeans, IntelliJ (with bundled Java ME plugin), or Eclipse (with plugins such as EclipseME) which has a user interface for graphically laying out any forms you create, as well as providing many other advanced features not available in a simple text editor.

Limitations of MIDP 1.0
 MIDP 1.0 has no active rendering APIs
 MIDP 1.0 has no support for direct access to image pixels (RGB data)
 MIDP 1.0 has no support for full screen mode
 MIDP 1.0 has no support for audio.
 MIDP 1.0 requires only HTTP support.
 MIDP 1.0 cannot query key status (although key events are supported)
 The specifications are not always clear, leading to differences in implementations.

Some limitations may be avoided by using a vendor-specific API or MIDP 2.0, which obviously reduces the portability of the application.

History
MIDP was developed under the Java Community Process.

MIDP 1.0 (JSR 37) - Approved on September 19, 2000
MIDP 2.0 (JSR 118) - Approved on November 20, 2002
MIDP 3.0 (JSR 271) - Approved on December 9, 2009,

MIDP is now succeeded by MEEP as of Java ME 8.

See also
 MIDlet

Bibliography

External links

 Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) (MIDP 2.0)
 JSR 271 collaboration page (MIDP 3.0) - You can get the specification, reference implementation and TCK at here.
 JSR 271 (MIDP 3.0)
 JSR 118 (MIDP 2.0)
 JSR 37 (MIDP 1.0)
 MIDP 2.0 Authoring Tool
  A worldwide list of MIDP enabled phones]
 What's New in MIDP 2.0
 What is new in MIDP 3.0 – a quick summary
 MIDP New Information

Java device platform
Java specification requests

Mobile Information Device Profile


A computer-based predictive model is a computer program that is designed to simulate what might or what did happen in a situation. They are used in many ways including in astronomy, economics and sciences such as physics and biology. Computer models are used in fields such as earthquake performance simulation and making models of buildings.

Well known areas which use computer models:
 Models of the atmosphere for weather forecasts and to predict climate change
 Aerodynamics via fluid dynamics simulation
 Agent-based modelling is used to simulate social interactions in artificial Intelligence

Computer modelling often uses numerical analysis to approximate the real solution of the problem. Simulation techniques are then used to get values. Numerical weather predictions are too inaccurate to give a good local prediction of the weather, so other methods are used to adjust them.

Computing
Modeling
Research

Computer model


Anastasia is a movie made in 1956 by 20th Century Fox.
The movie was directed by Anatole Litvak. The movie stars Ingrid Bergman, Yul Brynner, and Helen Hayes. Other players include Akim Tamiroff (who earlier worked with Ingrid Bergman in the movie For Whom the Bell Tolls), Martita Hunt (who has a comic part as a fussy lady-in-waiting), and, in a small role, Natalie Schafer (familiar to television audiences from her later role on Gilligan's Island). This movie was one of many European movies directed by Litvak into the 1950s and 1960s. It earned an Academy Award for Bergman, who did more movies after this movie. It was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay.

Historical Basis
The movie is based upon the story of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. The youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II, Anastasia was brutally murdered along with her parents and siblings by the Bolsheviks, in an attempt to prevent them from reclaiming power, should they ever escape from captivity. Despite the testimony of Yakov Yurovsky and others present at the shooting, many failed to believe that every member of the family had been killed. This rumor was made worse by stories of one or more of them escaping, thanks to sympathetic guards at the Ipatiev House, where they were being held. Also complicating the truth was the fact the location of the bodies remained a mystery, as they had been burned and buried in a remote forest.

With rumors swirling that one or more of the Romanovs might have escaped, numerous individuals came forward claiming to be one of the Grand Duchesses or Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. The most notable of these was Anna Anderson, who rose to fame in the 1920s with her outlandish claims that she was Anastasia. The movie was most certainly based on Anderson's story, as the opening shots show a woman about to commit suicide from a bridge, as Anna Anderson did. While Anderson vehemently stated she was the heir to the Romanov family, many around her had doubts. Nevertheless, her story was immensely popular with the public.

While the movie hints that Anna was in fact Anastasia, it is now proved beyond a doubt that Anderson was an impostor. With the final resting places of the Romanovs were discovered in 1991 and 2008, all of their bodies have been accounted for. Additionally, DNA tests conducted on the bodies prove that all were members of the Romanov family. Further, DNA testing on a piece of Anderson's intestine that had been saved during an operation she had during the early 1980s proved that she was not a Romanov, but most likely Franziska Schanzkowska, a Polish factory worker with a history of mental illness. Nevertheless, doubt still persisted. Several strands of her hair were discovered in a book, which was also tested. This too proved she was not a member of the royal family and also increased the likelihood that she was Schanzkowska.

The movie
The movie tells the story of a young, confused woman in 1920s France, played by Ingrid Bergman.  She is found by a group of Russian people who have left their country.  They want her to pretend to the world that she is Anastasia, in order to retrieve her inheritance. The real Anastasia, if she were alive, would inherit millions of pounds which had been left in an English bank by the Tsar.

The Russians, led by General Bounine (played by Yul Brynner), teach her how to behave as the Grand Duchess Anastasia would.  They teach her everything she ought to know about her childhood.  They teach her to walk like a Duchess, practicing with a book on her head.  When they think she is ready, she is introduced to several people who knew Anastasia.  None of them believe she really is Anastasia.  The real test comes when she is taken by General Bounine (Brynner) to Denmark to meet the Dowager Empress, Maria Feodorovna, mother of the Tsar, played by Helen Hayes.  At first the old Empress does not believe the young woman is her granddaughter, but when Anastasia coughs because she is nervous, the Empress remembers that Anastasia used to do this as a child.  She now believes she is her granddaughter. Meanwhile, Prince Paul wants to marry Anastasia.  He's obviously after the money he thinks she will inherit.   In the final scene, there is a party.  The Dowager Empress is going to announce the engagement between Paul and Anastasia, but Anastasia and General Bounine have suddenly disappeared.  The Dowager realizes that Anastasia does not desire fame, but simply love, with the man of her choosing.  She says very bravely that she will go in to where all the guests are waiting and tell them that the party is over and that they should go home.

Animated feature
 An animated musical version of Anastasia was made in 1997 by Fox Animation Studios. See: Anastasia (1997 movie).

Other websites

1956 drama movies
1950s American drama movies
Movies set in Russia
Movies set in France
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies about amnesia
20th Century Fox movies
Multilingual movies
Movies directed by Anatole Litvak

Anastasia (1956 movie)


Louis-Nicolas Clérambault (born Paris, 19 December 1676; died Paris, 26 October 1749) was a French organist and composer.

Clérambault (pronounce "CLAY-ram-bow") came from a musical family. He learned to play the violin and harpsichord when he was young, and also learned the organ, composition and singing. He became the organist at the church of the Grands-Augustins and then at Saint-Sulpice. He worked for Madame de Maintenon who arranged concerts for King Louis XIV. He also had a job at the royal house of Saint-Cyr, which was a school for young girls from the poor nobility. He directed the music there, played the organ and trained the choir.

Clérambault was the first important French composer of cantatas. They were often about Greek and Roman myths. He also composed for the organ, harpsichord and violin. He was thought of as France's greatest organist. Two of his sons took over jobs held by their father after his death.

References

1676 births
1749 deaths
17th-century French composers
Baroque composers
18th-century French composers

Louis-Nicolas Clérambault


Events
 The Cornish language died out
 2nd edition of Encyclopædia Britannica published
 January 3 – American Revolutionary War: American general George Washington defeats British general Charles Cornwallis at the Battle of Princeton.
January 12 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what is now Santa Clara, California
January 16 – Vermont declares its independence from New York becoming an independent country, a status it retained until it joined the United States as the 14th state in 1791
 June 13 – American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina to help the Continental Congress train its army.
 June 14 – Stars and Stripes adopted by the Continental Congress as the Flag of the United States.
 August 16 – American Revolutionary War:  Battle of Bennington – British forces are defeated by American troops.
 September 3 – Cooch's Bridge – Skirmish of American Revolutionary war in New Castle County, Delaware where the Flag of the United States was flown in battle for the first time.
 September 11 – Battle of Brandywine – Major American Revolutionary war victory for British in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
 September 19 – American Revolutionary War: First Battle of Saratoga/Battle of Freeman's Farm/Battle of Bemis Heights.
 October 4 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Germantown– Troops under George Washington are repelled by British troops under Sir William Howe.
 October 17 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Saratoga– American troops defeat the British.
 November 15 – American Revolutionary War: After 16 months of debate, the Continental Congress approves the Articles of Confederation in the temporary American capital at York, Pennsylvania.
 November 17 – Articles of Confederation submitted to the states for ratification.
November 29 – San Jose, California founded.  It is the first pueblo in Spanish Alta California.
 December 24 – Kiritimati discovered by James Cook
 The code duello is adopted at the Clonmell Summer Assizes as the form for pistol duels in Ireland.  It is quickly denounced but nevertheless widely adopted throughout the English-speaking world.

1777


Raymond VII of Saint-Gilles (July 1197 – 27 September 1249) was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death.

He was the son of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Joan of England. During the Albigensian Crusade in May of 1216, he set out from Marseille and besieged Beaucaire, which he captured on August 24. He fought to get the county of Toulouse back from Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester and later Simon's son Amaury VI of Montfort.

When Raymond died, Alphonse became count of Toulouse, and after Alphonse's death the county was captured by France. Raymond VII was buried beside his mother Joan in Fontevrault Abbey.

1197 births
1249 deaths
French nobility

Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse


A magazine is a type of book people read. Magazines are not like regular books. This is because a new version of the magazine is printed many times each year. Magazines are a type of periodical.

They are called periodicals because versions are published at a fixed frequency. Magazines are printed on paper. People usually need to subscribe to them. An example of a magazine is Time. There are magazines about many things.

Magazines are similar to newspapers, but usually the time between new versions is longer. Each one costs more money, and many are in color on every page. Also, sometimes magazines come with little gifts to reward the readers who buy it.

References

Magazine


A Milliarium (plural milliaria) was a stone that was placed alongside Roman roads. Such stones were used from about the 3rd century BC. They marked the distance between two towns, and were placed at intervals of one Roman mile. This was about 1000 milia passum, or . In the celtic provinces, leagues are often used, these are 1500 milia passum, or about .

Very often the stones condain the following information:
The name of the person or emperor who built or repaired the road, usually with all titles.
The distance between the starting point, and the point where the millarium was placed. Some milliaria liste the distance to a larger settlement instead.
Even if they look like modern road signs showing the distance to given places, this was probably not the first function of these stone pillars. What seems more likely is that they were used to show the power of the person who erected them; some were probably used for propaganda. Very often, the inscription of the emperor was in Latin, but the inscription of the distance was in Greek. The ordinary population could probably read the second part, but not the first. Today between 7.000 and 8.000 such stones are known.

Ancient Rome

Milliarium


A plane is a perfectly flat surface extending in all directions. It can be thought of as the ceiling of a room, only extended into all directions infinitely. A plane has two dimensions: length and width. All planes are flat surfaces. If a surface is not flat, it is called a curved surface.

The tool plane can be used to create a flat, level surface like the mathematical plane—hence the name.

In geometry, a plane is made up of an infinite number of lines (or points). It has no depth. It is absolutely flat and infinitely large.

A plane figure is part of a plane. It is named by the capital letters (such as A, B, C, ...X, Y, Z) that are put at its corners. Sometimes, a single capital pi  is also used to refer to a plane. A plane can also be named after three points that are not all on the same line.

In general, two planes can be:
 Parallel (they never meet)
 Concurrent (they meet forming a line)
 Coincident (they are one and the same)

Plane in mathematics

In mathematics, a plane is a fundamental two-dimensional object. Intuitively, it looks like a flat infinite sheet of paper. There are several definitions of the plane. They are equivalent in the sense of Euclidean geometry, but they can be extended in different ways to define objects in other areas of mathematics. The only two-dimensional figure in our three-dimensional world is a shadow.

In some areas of mathematics, such as plane geometry or 2D computer graphics, the whole space in which the work is carried out is a single plane. In such situations, the definite article is used: the plane. Many fundamental tasks in geometry, trigonometry and graphing are performed in the two dimensional space, or in other words, in the plane.

Euclidean geometry

A plane is a surface such that, given any three distinct points on the surface, the surface also contains all of the straight lines that pass through any two of them.
One can introduce a Cartesian coordinate system on a given plane in order to label every point on it with a unique ordered pair, which is composed of two numbers and is the coordinate of the point.

Within any Euclidean space, a plane is uniquely determined by any of the following combinations:

 Three points which are not lying on the same line
 A line and a point not on the line
 Two different lines which intersect
 Two different lines which are parallel
 A vector normal to the plane and a distance from the origin

Related pages
 Point (geometry)
 Line

References

Other websites
 Mathworld: Plane
 Easing the Difficulty of Arithmetic and Planar Geometry (work in Arabic, description in English)

Shapes
Geometry

Plane (mathematics)


28 Days Later: The Aftermath is a graphic novel, as a continuation of the hit film 28 Days Later, written by Steve Niles and distributed by Fox Atomic Comics. It was released on April 3, 2007.

The book bridges the gap between the original film and its sequel film, 28 Weeks Later. It explores four interconnecting stories and delves deeper into the development of the Rage virus, the battle for survival that ensued once it was unleashed in London, and what it finally took to restore order in the ravaged city.

28 Days Later: The Aftermath was the first graphic novel released by Fox Atomic Comics.

Plot
The Aftermath is divided into four stories ranging in setting from shortly before the outbreak to several months afterward.  The first three stories each follow separate groups or individuals; the fourth story brings the survivors of these stories together for their ultimate fate.

Stage 1: Development

At an unspecified time before the initial outbreak, two scientists – the prudent Clive and the reckless Warren – are attempting to develop an inhibitor which can be used to control aggressive impulses in humans. Warren is able to secure a violent criminal as a human test subject after bribing a police captain. When the subject proves uncontrollable, Warren and Clive are forced to kill him and hide his body. Despite his misgivings about Warren and his ethics, Clive is now irrevocably tied to the project.

Deciding that the only feasible means of widely disseminating the inhibitor is through a contagion, Warren genetically modifies the Ebola virus to carry it. However, the virus mutates and reverses the inhibitor's effect – a highly contagious, rage-inducing virus called Rage virus has been born. After a physical fight with Warren, Clive quits the project. Later, he makes a call from a public telephone to an eco-terrorist group called the Animal Freedom Front, then shoots himself in the head.

Meanwhile, Warren talks to an unknown person on the telephone and informs him about the inhibitor's reverse effect. The man enlightens Warren that this could have "other applications" when the telephone suddenly cuts out. At this moment, Warren hears a strange noise coming from down the hall and seems distressed by it. He approaches a door noticing it was left open. Upon entering the door, Warren is abruptly ambushed by an ape that vomits in his face and infects him with Rage Virus. It is implied that the chimp is one of the animal test subjects freed by the eco-terrorists, as seen at the start of the film 28 Days Later.

Stage 2: Outbreak

On the day following the laboratory break-in, a family of five – parents Roger and Barb, and children Sid, Sophie, and Liam – is picnicking at a park in Cambridge. Liam, the youngest son, is attacked and infected by one of the freed chimps, which Roger kills. A team of paramedics rush to Liam's aid and instruct the family to follow their ambulance to London. Along the way, Liam's family witnesses scenes of carnage as the Rage virus precedes them. When Liam infects the paramedics and the three attack the ambulance driver, the family realizes that something is terribly wrong.

Days later, the four survivors hide out in a barricaded dwelling in London, hearing through the radio that the Prime Minister has declared a state of emergency. The family follows Sid's suggestion of escaping via the River Thames. The Infected chase the family on their way to Westminster Bridge, causing Roger and Barbara to urge the remaining children to jump down to the motorboats floating below, promising to follow after. Instead, they remain on the bridge for a last stand while allowing Sid and Sophie to escape upriver undetected.

Stage 3: Decimation

One month after the outbreak, a lone survivor named Hugh is living in deserted London and hunts Infected. After killing an Infected, Hugh is attacked by another survivor wearing SWAT gear and a hockey mask. Evading the assailant's hail of fire, Hugh makes for safety and plans to eliminate this apparent threat. After being ambushed by Hugh, the other survivor retreats to his commandeered military transport. Hugh douses the other survivor's vehicle with perfume from his rooftop perch, which attracts a large number of Infected; caught by the Infected, the other survivor is shot in the head by Hugh, who then ignites the petrol tank and kills a large number of Infected. Afterwards, Hugh sees several U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcats making a low pass over central London.

Stage 4: Quarantine

Two months after the outbreak, Sid and Sophie have found shelter at a refugee center. The children meet the other characters – Sophie meets Clive, who survived his suicide attempt and hides his involvement in the development of the Rage virus, while Sid meets Hugh, who was brought to the camp by the American occupation force. Eventually, Hugh convinces Sid, Sophie, and Clive that the military has ulterior motives and that they must escape.

After stealing uniforms and weapons, the group is intercepted by soldiers during their escape attempt. Sid and Hugh are killed holding off the soldiers. Clive stops Sophie and reveals his involvement with the virus, warning that it could possibly mutate again. He asks her to help him find a way to make things right. Instead, Sophie kisses him, and then shoots him in the head. Smiling, Sophie allows a sniper aboard the pursuit helicopter to kill her with a rifle shot through the head.

See also
 List of comics based on films

References

External links
 Fox Atomic Comics
 28 Days Later: The Aftermath – Stage 1: Full Animated Story

28 Days Later
2007 graphic novels
American graphic novels
Post-apocalyptic comics
Comics based on films
Zombies in comics
Comics by Steve Niles

28 Days Later: The Aftermath


A need is a thing that, when a living being, plant or animal does not have it, it is not able to live.
A thing that someone wants to have, but is able to live when they do not have it, is called a want.

Every person has the same basic needs for the body.
Humans have bodily needs of water, food, clothing, and shelter to live.
The need for water is the most important because a person will die very quickly when they do not have drinking water. In a warm place food is the next most important need.
In a cold place, the need for clothes or shelter may be next most important because a person will soon die when they do not have these.

Other human needs are not so certain. They are mostly needs for the mind. It is often said that a person needs love, family, and friends. These needs are for personal relationships. They may also be wants. It is true that a life may be better with these things, but some friends can be bad, or bad sometimes. Good relationships can make life very happy. Thinking about a need that is not possible can make a person very unhappy.

Some of the study of philosophy is about questions like "What are the needs of a human?"

Some scientists study the needs of human or animal minds and bodies. The study of the mind is called psychology - words about the mind. The study of bodily needs is part of medicine.

Related pages
Economics
Wikipedia:Basic English alphabetical wordlist

Philosophy
Psychology

Need


Dieter König (19 May 1931 – 17 August 1991) raced hydroplanes and was also responsible for manufacturing the engines that powered them. During the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s his "König" engines dominated the sport.

The engines were manufactured in his hometown of Berlin, Germany. They were used in Grand Prix motorcycle racing powering Kim Newcombe to second place in the 500cc class of the 1973 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season, as well as powering Rolf Steinhausen/Josef Huber to win two World Sidecar Championships.

References

External links
"Konig and Kim Newcombe"
Love, Speed and Loss - Television, 2005 (Sport, Documentary)

1931 births
1991 deaths
German motorboat racers
Sportspeople from Berlin

Dieter König


The Museum of Cham Sculpture () is a museum located in Hải Châu District, Đà Nẵng, central Vietnam, near the Han River.

The establishment of a Cham sculpture museum in Da Nang was first proposed in 1902 by the Department of Archaeology of EFEO. Henri Parmentier, a prominent archaeologist of the department, made great contributions to the campaign for its construction.  Reportedly founded in 1915 as the Musée Henri Parmentier, its first building opened in 1919 and was designed by two French architects, M. Deleval and M. Auclair, who were inspired by Parmentier to use some traditional Cham elements in the composition.  Prior to the establishment of the museum, the site was known as the "garden of sculptures" and many Cham sculptures that had been collected in Da Nang, Quảng Nam and elsewhere had been brought there over the preceding twenty years.

The museum has been expanded twice. The first expansion was in the mid-1930s, with two new galleries providing display space for the objects added in the 1920s and 1930s. Henri Parmentier directed the display based on the areas where sculptures were found. The 1000 meter square of floor space was arranged for the collections of Mỹ Sơn, Trà Kiệu, Đồng Dương, Tháp Mẫm, Quang Tri, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định and Kon Tum.  In 2002, the Museum was again expanded with the two-story building providing an additional 1000 square meters.  The new building provides not only space for display, but also for storage, a library, a restoration workshop and offices for staff.

Before 2007, the Museum was managed by Da Nang Museums, an administrative organ in charge of the city's museums and heritage.  In 2008 it became affiliated with the city Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism.

The museum houses the world's largest collection of Cham sculpture and is a popular tourist destination.

Sculptures at the Museum

See also
Art of Champa

Literature

External links

 Vietnam National Administration of Tourism | Museum of Cham Sculpture
 Photo gallery of the museum

Museums in Vietnam
Cham
Buildings and structures in Da Nang
French colonial architecture in Vietnam
Archaeological museums
Tourist attractions in Da Nang

Museum of Cham Sculpture


Leon Sigmund Fuerth (born 1939) is a former diplomat who served as national security adviser to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore. He was succeeded in that capacity by I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby in January 2001.  Fuerth now directs the Project on Forward Engagement at the George Washington University, where he also serves as a professor of international affairs.

Education
Fuerth has a B.A. in English and an M.A. in History from New York University.  He earned an M.P.A. from Harvard after serving as an officer in the United States Air Force.

Early career
Prior to beginning work on Capitol Hill in 1979, Fuerth spent eleven years as a foreign service officer with the State Department. His diplomatic posts included the U.S. Consulate General in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. He also worked in the office of the Counselor of the Department; the Bureau of Intelligence and Research; and in both the Bureau of Political Military Affairs and the Bureau of European Affairs in several capacities. He became a resource for strategic intelligence (chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons); arms control; Soviet and Warsaw Pact affairs; and NATO.

After working for Congressman Les Aspin as staff director of the sub-committee on covert action in the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Fuerth spent many years working for Al Gore in a variety of capacities.  In the 1980s he worked for Congressman Gore on issues such as arms control and stability.  In 1985 Fuerth joined Gore's senatorial staff where he also worked on issues of national security.

White House career
When Gore became Vice President in January, 1993, Fuerth became his national security adviser. He operated, by Presidential order, as a full member of the Principals and Deputies Committees in both the National Security Council and the National Economic Council. During his tenure he worked on issues relating to the following countries: South Africa, Russia, Egypt, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. His former experiences as a foreign service officer in the Balkans proved useful in his pursuit of sanctions  against Slobodan Milošević's regime in Serbia, his tenacious approach earning the nickname 'Mr Sanctions' from President Clinton. Through his management of a bilateral commission with South Africa, Fuerth also spent time fighting the spread of AIDS. He would have likely been named Presidential National Security Advisor, had Gore prevailed in the 2000 election.

Academic career
Upon leaving public service, Fuerth joined academia.  He is a research professor at the Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C.  In this capacity, he teaches graduate students and works to develop the concept of "forward engagement," with support from both the university and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. The Project on Forward Engagement seeks to develop the means to incorporate systematic long-range thinking into national and global policymaking.  Fuerth continues to be active in the Democratic Party, and acted as a foreign policy adviser to Howard Dean during his 2004 Presidential candidacy. He is also a guiding coalition member of the Project on National Security Reform.

References

External links
 George Washington University biography of Fuerth
 Leon Fuerth's Project on Forward Engagement: Official Site
 "A Gore Adviser Who Basks in the Shadows" Elaine Sciolino, The New York Times, April 25, 2000.
 "Thinking about the Future: A Conversation with Leon Fuerth" Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley, February 7, 2005

1939 births
Elliott School of International Affairs faculty
George Washington University faculty
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Jewish American government officials
Living people
New York University alumni
United States Air Force officers

Leon Fuerth


Eilat, Hebrew: אילת , is a city in the most southern part of Israel. About 50,000 people were living in this city in 2015.

Eilat is at the southern end of the Negev Desert and the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba or Gulf of Eilat on the Red Sea. It is an important port for Israel. Ships bring many products to Israel from the Far East and other places here.

Eilat also hosts an airport, called Eilat Airport.

Many tourists from Israel and other countries visit Eilat to enjoy the desert views, beaches and all-year warm weather. The temperature can easily reach more than 40 °C (104 °F) in summer and 21 °C (70 °F) in winter. The sea water is between 20 and 26 °C (68 and 79 °F). Coral reefs grow in the sea near Eilat and people can see them by scuba diving or from an underwater observatory (Coral World Underwater Observatory). Kings City is an amusement park in Eilat.

Other websites

Spa towns
Ports and harbours of Israel

Eilat


E-1027 is a modernist villa in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France. It was designed and built from 1926-29 by the Irish architect and furniture designer Eileen Gray. L-shaped and flat-roofed with floor-to-ceiling windows and a spiral stairway to the guest room, E-1027 was both open and compact. This is considered to be Gray's first major work, making indistinct the border between architecture and decoration, and highly personalized to be in accord with the lifestyle of its intended occupants. The name of the house, E-1027, is a code of Eileen Gray and Jean Badovici, 'E' standing for Eileen, '10' Jean, '2' Badovici, '7' Gray. The encoded name was Eileen Gray's way of showing their relationship as lovers at the time when built.

It is impossible to identify the exact individual contributions of Gray or Badovici to E-1027. Gray also designed furniture for the house, including a tubular steel table which would enable her sister to eat breakfast in bed without leaving crumbs on sheets, due to an adjustable top that caught the crumbs.

Gray and Badovici separated shortly after the completion of the house. Gray began working on a new house, Tempe à Pailla, in nearby Menton in 1931. Tempe à Pailla was furnished by Gray with flexible furniture designed to save space. Only a later house designed by Gray, Lou Pérou in Saint-Tropez, was fully architecturally realized by her.

E-1027 and Le Corbusier
The Swiss born-French Modernist architect Le Corbusier was a friend of Badovici and visited the house several times after Badovici and Gray had parted. While staying as a guest in the house in 1938 and 1939, Le Corbusier painted bright murals on its plain white walls, and sometimes painted in the nude. This intrusion onto her design infuriated Gray, who considered the murals outright vandalism. In 2013, the architecture critic Rowan Moore said of the painting of the murals that "As an act of naked phallocracy, Corbusier's actions are hard to top...", adding that Le Corbusier was "seemingly affronted that a woman could create such a fine work of modernism" so he "asserted his dominion, like a urinating dog, over the territory".

Whether he painted these murals out of admiration for her work or jealousy of her accomplishment, Le Corbusier became intricately tied with the future of the house. Failing to purchase it himself, he eventually bought a piece of property just east of E-1027, where he built a small, rustic cabin, his Cabanon de vacances. Here he would go for work and quiet contemplation, taking daily swims on the beach outside the house. After, he died in those very waters, the whole area was declared a "Site Moderne," or "Modern Site," and deemed an area of cultural and historical importance and international interest. Today, E-1027 is recognized as the founding element of this site.
Furthermore, Eileen Gray was so slow at putting her name forward as being the architect of the house that for many years it was assumed by many historians and journalists that Le Corbusier was in fact its designer.

E-1027 today
After its lengthy restoration, E-1027 opened to the public in July 2021. Gray's original furniture has been removed from the house, and was sold in the early 1990s at the auction house Sotheby's. Replica furniture was to be supplied for the house by Zeev Aram, a champion of Gray's work. Plans for the renovation were prepared by the French government, who designated it as a French National Cultural Monument. As a result, the state of France and the city of Roquebrune Cap Martin - through the national agency "Conservatoire du littoral"  - bought the villa in 1999 and made it secure provisionally. A signboard during the restoration designated the restoration as an initiative of the state of France, the department "Alpes Maritimes" and the city of Roquebrune (expenses to be borne 50% / 10% / 40% respectively).

The house is owned by the Conservatoire du littoral, who have delegated responsibility for it to the local commune of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin. It was the wish of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin that the restoration of E-1027 be managed by the architect Renaud Barres, who had previously produced a study on a possible restoration of the house, and that Barres should work with Burkhardt Rukschcio, an architect who had restored modernist buildings. The French Ministry of Culture wished that the restoration be managed by Pierre-Antoine Gatier, the chief architect for historic monuments in the south of France, who had little experience of modern buildings.

By 2013 the restoration had cost €600,000, and was criticised by Barres and Rukschcio who produced a "dossier which details, with convincing photographic evidence, departures from Gray's intent: thickening of metal rails, original glazing and light switches replaced by standard 21st-century products, a stair clumsily misplaced and mis-dimensioned, a colour scheme different from the 1929 version." In 2016, the Getty Foundation contributed a $200,000 grant to the ongoing restoration work.

Visits are by guided tour only and for groups of no more than 12 persons.

The production of a 2015 biographical film about Gray, The Price of Desire, supported part of the restoration.

References

External links

Official website
Eileen Gray. Etoile de mer. Le Corbusier
Friends of E.1027
Rukschcio and Barres analysis of recent restoration
Le Corbusier's Role in the Controversy Over Eileen Gray's E.1027
Eileen Gray, Le Corbusier and E.1027

Eileen Gray buildings
Houses completed in 1929
Houses in Alpes-Maritimes
Interior design
International Style (architecture)
Modernist architecture in France
Villas in France

E-1027


Cytokinesis is the division of cells after either mitosis or meiosis I and II.

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm (the liquid center of the cell that holds the organelles into place) splits into two equal halves, and the cell becomes two daughter cells. This occurs right after the beginning of anaphase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II).

Cell division continues during telophase (in mitosis and in meiosis I and II) until the cell has completely divided. mitosis and meiosis II starts again after cytokinesis. A new and complete nucleus has been formed in each of the two cells.

Cytokinesis in plants

In plants cytokinesis is slightly different. As plant cells cannot move apart because of their cell wall, a cell plate begins to form during late anaphase and throughout telophase.

When the cytoplasm and organelles are divided evenly between the two new cells, the plate then becomes less flimsy and soon becomes another cell wall separating the daughter cells. Cytokinesis splits the cell wall, unlike animal cells, where it splits the cytoplasm. The cell wall grows later as the two new cells expand.

References

Cell biology

Cytokinesis


Chichen Itza was a large Mayan city by the Maya civilization. It is on the Yucatán Peninsula, about 120 km to the east of Mérida.

Some of the most famous parts of Chichen Itza include:
the temple of Kukultán, the Plumed Serpent . This is called El Castillo: in Spanish.  It has four sides, and each side has 91 steps.It is one of the seven wonders of world.

There are many temples and pyramids in Chichen Itza. Tourists, or visitors, were once able to climb some of the pyramids, but it was quite challenging because the steps are very steep and small. Climbing is no longer permitted.

Temple of the Warriors is a big temple with hundreds of columns. The columns used to hold up the roof of the temple. These columns are carved on all four sides with figures of warriors wearing feathers.

The Great Ballcourt is the largest known ancient sports field in Central America. It is 545 feet in length and 225 feet in width. Each end has a raised temple area. The sounds in the ballcourt are remarkable: a whisper from one end can be clearly heard at the other.

Sacred Cenote (pronounced sen-O-tay): a cenote is an underground lake or river.  This cenote is where royalty gave gifts to the gods.

Chichen Itza means at the mouth of the well of enchanted water.

Maya civilization
World Heritage Sites in Mexico
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Yucatán (state)

Chichen Itza


Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary (AMBS) is an Anabaptist Christian seminary in Elkhart, Indiana, affiliated with Mennonite Church USA and Mennonite Church Canada. It was formerly known as Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary until its name was changed in 2012.

The seminary offers a three-year Master of Divinity degree and two-year Master of Arts degree. It is accredited by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada.

History
Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary has roots in two former Mennonite seminaries: Goshen Biblical Seminary of the Mennonite Church and Mennonite Biblical Seminary of the General Conference Mennonite Church.

Goshen Biblical Seminary
Goshen Biblical Seminary at Goshen College, a Mennonite Church school in Goshen, Indiana, was one of two institutions that joined to form AMBS. Goshen Biblical Seminary was the direct continuation of the Bible School that began at Elkhart Institute in Elkhart, Indiana in 1894, while Elkhart Institute was organized as an academy. In 1903, Elkhart Institute moved to Goshen, Indiana, became Goshen College, and was reorganized as a junior college; in 1910 Goshen College was reorganized as a senior college. From 1894 until 1933, the Bible School offered a two-year course of study leading to a diploma and served as the Bible department of the college. In 1933, the Bible School began offering a four-year ThB (Bachelor of Theology), which expanded to a five-year course in 1942. In 1944, the Bible School was organized as a separate school with its own dean. In 1946, the school began using the name Goshen Biblical Seminary and began offering a seven-year BD (Bachelor of Divinity) with four years of liberal arts and three years of Bible and theology. In 1949, a BRE (Bachelor of Religious Education) was added as a four-year program. In 1955, the Th.B. program was discontinued and the seminary was organized into graduate and undergraduate divisions.

Harold S. Bender served as dean of the college and Bible School from 1931. Bender became dean of the seminary in 1944 when it was organized as a separate school and served until his death in 1962. In 1953-54, 67 students were enrolled. The total number of graduates from 1934-1956 was 190, with over 380 having matriculated. Goshen Biblical Seminary began aligning its academic program with that of Mennonite Biblical Seminary in 1958 and moved from Goshen to Mennonite Biblical Seminary's Elkhart campus after 1969.

Mennonite Biblical Seminary
Mennonite Biblical Seminary (MBS), a General Conference Mennonite Church institution in Chicago, Illinois, was the second school that became part of AMBS. The General Conference Mennonites had a history of educating pastors and church leaders which started with Wadsworth Institute (1868–1878), then Halstead Seminary (1883) the forerunner of Bethel College and Witmarsum Theological Seminary (1914–1931), part of Bluffton College.

The Witmarsum school closed in 1931 for what was assumed to be a year or two during which a better location could be found and an association with an older seminary arranged. This would last until 1945 when a Chicago, Illinois, site was selected and an affiliation with Bethany Biblical Seminary was established.

Mennonite Biblical Seminary was opened in September 1945 and used available space at Bethany for classes and student housing. By the fall of 1946 the seminary purchased property on the 4600 block of Woodlawn Avenue as it prepared for more students who were expected with the end of Civilian Public Service. Over the next six years most of the property on that block would become part of the Seminary.

The school operated with five full-time faculty and two part-time administrative staff members. After the startup years, student enrollment averaged about 40 with about nine degrees granted each year. Each year about a dozen Mennonite students who were attending other Chicago schools were allowed to use Seminary apartments.

In 1953, MBS worked together with Goshen Biblical Seminary to create a joint summer school for the following year. As this friendly exchange progressed throughout the next several years a desire for a larger inter-Mennonite seminary developed. This process was culminated in 1958 by which time the Chicago property had been sold and the Seminary moved to a new joint campus in Indiana.

Association
After the success of the 1954 cooperative summer school, the Goshen and Chicago seminaries started seriously exploring closer cooperation. Other Mennonite denominations were invited to explore what was hoped to be a larger inter-Mennonite school. Although the Evangelical Mennonite Church, Mennonite Brethren, Evangelical Mennonite Brethren and Brethren in Christ all showed initial interest, each of these bodies ultimately opted not to pursue this type of partnership.

A plan was devised where each school would operate independently at a single site, sharing a library, a few joint courses, joint chapel services once a week and joint use of certain facilities. It was felt that the two denominations' respective constituencies would support this new venture only if the schools remained independent. This arrangement of two parallel schools is evident in the school's original plural name: Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries.

The largest sticking point in the negotiations was selecting a suitable location. Although Bethel College in Kansas offered a site, this option was never seriously considered. The Goshen group wanted the seminary to be located on their existing campus at Goshen College in Indiana, believing their church members would not support a move. The General Conference Mennonites rejected this site for fear of being swallowed up by the larger group. Eventually an Elkhart, Indiana, site was chosen as a neutral location between the two schools.

Ground breaking at the Elkhart property took place on September 3, 1957, and was essentially completed by the next August. A chapel was added and dedicated in June 1965.

The Goshen Seminary received Association of Theological Schools accreditation in 1958 and Mennonite Biblical Seminary followed with accreditation in 1964.

Over the years closer cooperation eventually eliminated the distinction between the two schools, and by 1994 they formally merged into the (now-singular) Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary. By 2002 the two Mennonite denominations themselves had joined to form a common structure, in which decades of cooperation between the two groups at AMBS had played a role.

Institute of Mennonite Studies
The Institute of Mennonite Studies (IMS) is the research and publishing arm of Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary. The Institute has fostered inter-Mennonite connections and scholarship advances in the areas of Anabaptist theology and history since 1958. Key Mennonite leaders such as theologian John Howard Yoder have been associated with IMS. The current director of IMS is Jamie Pitts.

Notable faculty (past and present)

Alan Kreider
J. C. Wenger
John Howard Yoder

Library

In 2007, AMBS completed a new building to house the library and bookstore. This building was the first theological library registered with the United States Green Building Council for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification. The building received a LEED Gold rating in 2009.

The library construction included the installation of a "green landscape," including rain gardens surrounding most of the library's exterior and a prairie restoration project that restored significant portions of the campus ground to its original tall-grass prairie.

In 2014, the library reported that it had 113,296 books and media in its physical library collections and 5754 books, databases, and media in its electronic library collections.

References

Footnotes

Bibliography
 Pannabecker, Samuel Floyd (1975), Ventures of Faith: The Story of Mennonite Biblical Seminary, Mennonite Biblical Seminary.

Further reading
 Pannabecker, Samuel Floyd (1975), Open Doors: A History of the General Conference Mennonite Church, Faith and Life Press. , pp. 368–374.

External links

Mennonite Church USA
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Mennonite Church USA
Education in Elkhart County, Indiana
Seminaries and theological colleges in Indiana
Buildings and structures in Elkhart, Indiana
Mennonitism in the United States
Universities and colleges established in 1894
1894 establishments in Indiana
1958 establishments in Indiana

Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary


The Flash (or simply Flash) is the name of several popular comic book characters from the DC Comics universe. Nicknamed the "Scarlet Speedster", all versions of the Flash have the ability to travel at a very high speed, use superhuman reflexes and defy the laws of physics. The original Flash first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (cover date January 1940 / release month November 1939). This fictional character was created by writer Gardner Fox and Harry Lampert.Thus far, at least four different characters—each of whom somehow gained the power of the "Speed Force"—have assumed the role of the Flash in DC's history: College athlete Jay Garrick (1940–1951, 1961–2011, 2017–present) was the first character to take on the alter-ego "The Flash", other characters who have been the  Flash are forensic scientist Barry Allen (1956–1985, 2008–present), Barry's brother-in-law Wally West (1986–2011, 2016–present) who is currently the youngest Flash, he calls himself "Kid Flash"; and Barry's grandson Bart Allen (2006–2007) who becomes "Impulse", the second hero known as Kid Flash. Each version of the Flash has been a key member of at least one of DC's premier teams: the Justice Society of America, the Justice League, and the Teen Titans. Most of the Flash stories take place in the fictional city of Central City.

The Flash is one of DC Comics' most popular characters and has been integral to the publisher's many reality-changing "crisis" storylines over the years. The original meeting of the Golden Age Flash Jay Garrick and Silver Age Flash Barry Allen in "Flash of Two Worlds" (1961) introduced the Multiverse storytelling concept to DC readers, which would become the basis for many DC stories in the years to come.

Fictional characters biographies

Jay Garrick

The original Flash Jay Garrick from the Golden Age got his powers by inhaling heavy water vapors after falling asleep in his science lab. He first used his powers to become a star football player. Then later he began to use his powers to fight crime. The character was created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Harry Lampert, and he first appeared in Flash Comics #1 (1940)

Barry Allen

Barry Allen is a police scientist. He got his powers when a lightning bolt hit his lab and splashed a number of chemicals on him. Becoming Flash was ironic as Barry was slow, methodical, and often late prior to gaining his powers. He is the Flash from the Silver Age, he was created by writer Robert Kanigher and penciler Carmine Infantino and he first appeared in Showcase #4 (October 1956).

Wally West

Wally West got his powers at the young age of ten when he visited his uncle's laboratory (Uncle Barry Allen who was already Flash). He got some chemicals on him and gained the power of super-speed. Since he was so young he became "Kid Flash". Later on he would take over the role of his uncle as Flash. He is somehow the Flash from the Modern Age. He made his first appearance as the Kid Flash in the Flash#110 in 1959 and he was created by John Broome and Carmine Infantino.

Bart Allen

Bart Allen is Barry Allen's grandson. He was born with Super-speed, but also fast aging causing him to appear twelve when he was only two years old. Once he got his aging under control he became "Impulse". He would later become Kid Flash and finally Flash once he had grown up. The character was created by Mark Waid and Mike Wieringo and he first made a cameo appearance in The Flash #91 in 1994, while his first full appearance in issue #92, and appeared as the lead character in Impulse (1995–2002) and The Flash: The Fastest Man Alive (2006–2007).

Jesse Chambers
Daughter of the speedster Johnny Quick, Jesse Chambers becomes a speeding superhero like her father. She later meets Wally West, the Flash, who asks her to be his replacement if something were to happen to him (as part of an elaborate plan on his part, trying to force Bart Allen to take his role in the legacy of the Flash more seriously). She briefly assumes the mantle of the Flash, after Wally enters the Speed Force.

John Fox
John Fox was a historian for the National Academy of Science in Central City in the 27th Century. He was sent back in time to get the help of one or more of the three Flashes (Garrick, Allen, West), in order to defeat the radioactive villain Mota back in Fox's own time period. (Each Flash had individually fought Mota over the course of several years in the 20th century.) Fox's mission was a failure, but during his return trip, the tachyon radiation that sent him through the time stream gave him superspeed. He defeated Mota as a new iteration of the Flash and operated as his century's Flash for a time. Shortly after, he moved to the 853rd century and joined "Justice Legion A" (also known as Justice Legion Alpha) as seen in the DC One Million series of books. The name "John Fox" is combined from the names of seminal comic book writers John Broome, who co-created the Barry Allen and Wally West Flashes, and Gardner Fox, who co-created the Jay Garrick Flash.

Unnamed Allen of the 23rd century
The father of Sela Allen, his wife and daughter were captured by Cobalt Blue. He is forced to watch his wife die and his daughter become crippled. As he and Max Mercury kill Cobalt Blue, a child takes Cobalt Blue's power gem and kills Allen. This Flash is one of the two destined Flashes to be killed by Cobalt Blue.

Sela Allen
Sela Allen is an ordinary human in the 23rd century until Cobalt Blue steals electrical impulses away from her, causing her to become as slow to the world as the world is to the Flash. Hoping to restore her, her father takes her into the Speed Force. When her father is killed, she appears as a living manifestation of the Speed Force, able to lend speed to various people and objects, but unable to physically interact with the world.

Blaine Allen
Blaine Allen and his son live on the colony world of Petrus in the 28th century. In an attempt to end the Allen blood line, Cobalt Blue injects Allen's son Jace with a virus. Lacking super speed, Jace was unable to shake off the virus. In despair, Blaine takes his son to the Speed Force in the hopes that it would accept him. It takes Blaine instead and grants super speed to Jace so that he can shake off the sickness.

Jace Allen
Jace Allen gains super speed when his father brings him into the Speed Force to attempt to cure him of a virus injected into his body by Cobalt Blue in an attempt to end the Allen bloodline. In memory of his father, Jace assumes the mantle of the Flash and continues the feud against Cobalt Blue.

Kryiad
After an alien creature invades Earth, a history buff named Kriyad travels back in time from the 98th century to acquire a Green Lantern power ring. He fails, so he tries to capture the Flash's speed instead. After being beaten by Barry Allen (The Flash (vol. 1) #309, May 1982), he travels back further in time and uses the chemicals from the clothes Barry Allen was wearing when he gained his powers to give himself super speed. Kryiad later sacrifices his life to defeat the alien creature.

Bizarro Flash
Bizarro-Flash was created when Bizarro cloned Flash. He had a costume the reverse colors of Flash's, however he had a mallet symbol because Flash was holding one when he was cloned. The modern version of Bizarro Flash has the symbol of a thunderbolt-shaped mustard stain. He has the powers of the Flash but he is completely intangible.

Supporting characters

Like his Justice League colleagues Wonder Woman, Superman and Batman, the Flash has a distinctive cast of adversaries, including the various Rogues (unique among DC supervillains for their code of honor) and the various psychopathic "speedsters" who go by the names Reverse-Flash or Zoom. Other supporting characters in Flash stories include Barry's wife Iris West, Wally's wife Linda Park, Bart's girlfriend Valerie Perez, friendly fellow speedster Max Mercury, and Central City police department members David Singh and Patty Spivot.

Adaptations

The Flash has been adapted to numerous DC films, video games, animated series, and live-action television shows. In live action, Barry Allen has been portrayed by Rod Haase for the 1979 television special Legends of the Superheroes, John Wesley Shipp portrayed the title character in the 1990's television series The Flash and Grant Gustin portrays Barry Allen in the 2014 television series titled The Flash. Shipp also portrays a version of Jay Garrick in the 2014 The Flash series. Ezra Miller played the Flash in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Justice League (2017) and its director's cut (2021) and in The Flash (2023). The various incarnations of the Flash also feature in animated series such as Superman: The Animated Series, Justice League, Batman: The Brave and the Bold and Young Justice'', as well as the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series.

DC Comics superheroes

The Flash


James Alden Jr. (March 31, 1810 – February 6, 1877) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy. In the Mexican–American War he participated in the captures of Veracruz, Tuxpan, and Tabasco. Fighting on the Union side in the Civil War, he took part in the relief of Fort Pickens, followed by many engagements on the Lower Mississippi, before being promoted captain of USS Brooklyn and assisting in the Union victory in the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Early career
Alden was born in Portland, Maine, on March 31, 1810, and was a direct descendant of John Alden, a Mayflower pilgrim. He was appointed United States Navy as midshipman on April 1, 1828, and spent the initial years of his naval career ashore at the Naval Station in Boston, Massachusetts, before he served in the Mediterranean Squadron on board the sloop of war USS John Adams. Promoted to passed midshipman on June 14, 1834, Alden then served at the Boston Navy Yard until he was assigned to the United States Exploring Expedition under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes.

During the course of his first voyage (1838–1842), the officers and men of the expedition were transferred freely from one vessel to another; Alden, promoted to lieutenant on February 25, 1841, concluded the cruise as executive officer of the sloop USS Porpoise. He saw action at Malolo, in the Fiji Islands, on July 26, 1840, in the punitive expedition against the tribe which had murdered Lieutenant Joseph Underwood and Midshipman Wilkes Henry two days before. Henry was a nephew of the expedition's leader.

After another tour of duty at the naval station at Boston, Alden was assigned to USS Constitution, and circumnavigated the globe in the frigate during her cruise under Captain John ("Mad Jack") Percival. While serving therein, he commanded a boat expedition that cut out several war junks from under the guns of a fort at Zuron Bay, Cochin China. Later serving in the Home Squadron during the Mexican–American War (1846), Alden, an adept surveyor, participated in the captures of Veracruz, Tuxpan, and Tabasco.

Coast Survey
Following the war with Mexico, Alden served as inspector of provisions and clothing at Boston until detached from this duty on May 18, 1849, to go to Washington, D.C., and report to the Secretary of the Treasury for duty with the United States Coast Survey. From the summer of 1849 to the late winter of 1851, he commanded, in succession, the Coast Survey steamers John Y. Mason and Walker in survey duty off the eastern seaboard. Assigned to duty on the Pacific coast thereafter, Alden traveled to San Francisco where he replaced William Pope McArthur as commander of the Coast Survey Schooner Ewing. He arrived in May 1851 and surveyed from San Francisco to San Diego, reporting on the expedition from San Francisco on February 17, 1852.

Active
In 1852, he assumed command of the Coast Survey steamer Active, purchased to replace the wrecked Jefferson  (the Ewing was temporarily abandoned,) and carried out survey work off the United States West Coast into 1860. During this time, on September 1, 1855, he was promoted to commander. Indian disturbances in Washington Territory in January 1856 highlighted Alden's tour of duty in command of Active, and his ship, joining the sloop-of-war USS Decatur and the steamer USS Massachusetts, proved "of great service" during those troubled times. Active operated in the headwaters of Puget Sound, where her presence reassured the settlers. In the summer of 1859, during tensions incident to an American's killing a Britisher's pig on San Juan Island, Actives timely arrival at that isle apparently helped to quiet a potentially dangerous situation in what became later known as the "Pig War."

U.S. Civil War

The outbreak of the American Civil War in the spring of 1861 found Alden in command of the steamer USS South Carolina, in which he participated in the relief of Fort Pickens. Next given the steam sloop USS Richmond, Alden commanded her in the passage of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip, and in the engagements with Confederate batteries at Chalmette, Louisiana, twice passing the southern guns at Vicksburg, Mississippi, and in the battle at Port Hudson, Louisiana.

Promoted to captain on January 2, 1863, Alden next assumed command of the steam sloop USS Brooklyn, and led that ship in the action with Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan and with the Confederate gunboats in the Battle of Mobile Bay. While Brooklyn was being sent north for repairs, she was attached to the naval forces gathering off Fort Fisher, North Carolina, and took part in both assaults on that Confederate bastion.

Promotion and late career
Promoted to commodore on July 25, 1866, Alden, over the next two years, commanded, in succession, the steam sloop USS Susquehanna and the steam frigate USS Minnesota before he was made commandant of the Mare Island Navy Yard. Appointed Chief of the Bureau of Navigation in April 1869 and promoted to rear admiral on June 19, 1871, Alden returned to sea in 1871 with orders to command the naval force on the European Station.

Departing New York in his flagship, USS Wabash, on November 17, 1871, Alden relieved rear admiral Charles S. Boggs at Villefranche, France, on January 1, 1872. Although placed on the retired list on March 31, 1872, Alden remained on active duty commanding the European Fleet until relieved by Rear Admiral A. Ludlow Case at Villefranche on June 2, 1873. His last tour of duty afloat completed, he sailed home in his former command, Brooklyn.

Alden died at San Francisco on February 6, 1877, but was buried in his native Portland's Eastern Cemetery on February 24, 1877.

Namesake
The U.S. Navy destroyer USS Alden was named for him.

References

Attribution

1810 births
1877 deaths
Union Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of the Mexican–American War
Military personnel from Portland, Maine
United States Navy rear admirals (upper half)
People of Maine in the American Civil War
Burials at Eastern Cemetery
People of the United States Exploring Expedition

James Alden Jr.


A hydride is a compound with hydrogen bonded to other elements. Except for a few of the Noble gases, all of the elements in the periodic table can form hydrides. The properties of hydrides can be very different, but some of the hydrides have similar properties.

Metallic hydrides: compounds with ionic bonding. They are very reactive, making them difficult to dissolve. Most alkali metals and alkaline earth metals form ionic hydrides.

Metallic or Interstitial hydrides: These have metallic properties like good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. They are called interstitial because hydrogen can enter the metallic lattice (framework of metal atoms). Metallic hydrides are mostly formed from the metals in the groups 3 to 5 of the periodic table. Some of these are used in the nickel metal-hydride battery.

Covalent hydrides: These have covalent bonds between hydrogen and the other element. Most of the p-block elements form covalent hydrides. Many of these hydrides are unstable in air or water or when heated. Hydrocarbons are the hydrides of carbon, ammonia is a hydride of nitrogen, and water is a hydride of oxygen.

References

Hydrogen compounds
Ions

Hydride


The Centrophoridae are a family of squaliform sharks. The family contains just two genera and about 15 species. They are sometimes called gulper sharks, but this is also the name of a specific species in the family, Centrophorus granulosus.
These are generally deepwater fish.  While some, such as the gulper shark C. granulosus, are found worldwide and fished commercially, others are uncommon and little-known.  Their usual prey is other fish; some are known to feed on squid, octopus, and shrimp.  Some species live on the bottom (benthic), while others are pelagic. They are ovoviviparous, with the female retaining the egg-cases in her body until they hatch.

They are small to medium sharks, ranging from  in adult body length. The members of the genus Deania generally have a long flattened snout.

Species
The 18 known species are grouped into two genera:

 Centrophorus J. P. Müller & Henle, 1837
 Centrophorus atromarginatus Garman, 1913 (dwarf gulper shark)
 Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801). (gulper shark)
 Centrophorus harrissoni McCulloch, 1915 (dumb gulper shark)
 Centrophorus isodon (Y. T. Chu, Q. W. Meng & J. X. Liu, 1981) (blackfin gulper shark)
 Centrophorus lusitanicus Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (lowfin gulper shark)
 Centrophorus moluccensis Bleeker, 1860 (smallfin gulper shark)
 Centrophorus seychellorum Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles gulper shark)
 Centrophorus squamosus (Bonnaterre, 1788) (leafscale gulper shark)
 Centrophorus tessellatus Garman, 1906 (mosaic gulper shark)
 Centrophorus uyato Rafinesque, 1810 (Little gulper shark)
 Centrophorus westraliensis W. T. White, Ebert & Compagno, 2008 (western gulper shark)
 Centrophorus zeehaani W. T. White, Ebert & Compagno, 2008 (southern dogfish)
 Centrophorus sp. A (minigulper)
 Centrophorus sp. B (slender gulper)
 Deania D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902
 Deania calcea (R. T. Lowe, 1839) (birdbeak dogfish)
 Deania hystricosa (Garman, 1906) (rough longnose dogfish)
 Deania profundorum (H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) (arrowhead dogfish)
 Deania quadrispinosa (McCulloch, 1915) (longsnout dogfish)

References

External links
 FishBase entry for Centrophoridae

Shark families
Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker

Centrophoridae


Richard Turner (born 1954) is a distinguished service professor in the School of Systems and Enterprises of Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey.

Turner has a BA in mathematics from Huntingdon College, an MS in computer science from the University of Louisiana-Lafayette, and a DSc in engineering management from the George Washington University.

Before joining Stevens, he was a Fellow of the Systems and Software Consortium Inc., a Research Professor at The George Washington University, a computer scientist at the  Federal Aviation Administration, and technical manager and practitioner with various DC area businesses working with defense, intelligence, and commercial clients.  He has also served as a visiting scientist at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, and consulted independently.

Much of his research at Stevens has been through the Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) supporting the U.S. Department of Defense, particularly on the integration of systems and software engineering and the acquisition of complex defense systems. He was on the original author team of the CMMI and a core author of the Software Extension to the Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMI and IEEE Computer Society.

He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, a Golden Core Awardee of the IEEE Computer Society, and a Fellow of the Lean Systems Society.

He has authored / co authored several books:-

The Incremental Commitment Spiral Model: Principles and Practices for Successful Systems and Software,  by Barry Boehm, Jo Ann Lane, Supannika Koolmanojwong, and Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (2014).
CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) Distilled: A Practical Introduction to Integrated Process Improvement, by Dennis M. Ahern, Aaron Clouse, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (Third Edition 2008).
CMMI Survival Guide: Just enough process improvement, by Suzanne Garcia, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (2007).
Balancing Agility and Discipline: A Guide for the Perplexed by Barry Boehm, Richard Turner: Addison-Wesley, (Paperback - September 26, 2003)
An interactive simulator for MATHILDA-RIKKE on multics: Concept, design and implementation by Richard Turner, Publisher: Computer Science Dept., University of Southwestern, Louisiana (1977)

Turner lives in the District of Columbia with his wife, Johanna - they have three grown children and two grandchildren.

Notes

References

External links
 http://www.sercuarc.org
 http://leansystemssociety.org

1954 births
Living people
Huntingdon College alumni
Software engineering researchers
Stevens Institute of Technology faculty
American male writers

Richard Turner (computer scientist)


Reaper is a restored historic Fifie herring drifter which is registered by the National Historic Ships Committee as part of the National Historic Fleet of the UK, and currently operates as a museum ship.

History
Built by J. & G. Forbes of Sandhaven in 1901, she is 21 metres long and of carvel construction, using larch planking on larch and oak frames. First registered at Fraserburgh in 1902, she operated initially as a sailing lugger with a main dipping lug sail and a mizzen standing lug sail. There would have been a crew of around eight to work the nets which were set at dusk and hauled in at dawn. Once the haul was complete, a swift return to port would ensure the best prices for the earliest-sold catches.

Reaper later spent many years in Shetland fishing for herring in the summer and she was fitted with an engine between the Wars. During World War II she was requisitioned by the Admiralty and served in the southeast of England, often being used as a barrage balloon mooring. After the war, she resumed fishing in Shetland and continued until 1957. She holds the record catch for Shetland of 233 cran (almost 250,000 herrings).

From 1959 she served the local council as a general purpose cargo boat until the introduction of the roll on-roll off ferries when she was retired from service.

Reaper today
Reaper was purchased by the Scottish Fisheries Museum in Anstruther, Fife in 1975 and restored to her traditional sailing configuration as a two-masted sailing lugger, much as she would have appeared when first going to sea in 1902. Renamed Reaper FR958, she is one of the last authentic survivors of this type of vessel, once plentiful on the east coast of Scotland.

Listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, she sails regularly in the summer months. When not sailing, the boat is berthed in Anstruther harbour opposite the fisheries museum. In 2003 she visited 14 ports around Britain, attracting 24,000 visitors. In 2005 she visited 12 ports around Britain, including a visit to the Festival of the Sea in Portsmouth, and attracted 20,000 visitors.

In 2001, with seven people aboard, she was the centre of an emergency off the coast of northeast England when she began to take on water due to the failure of a bilge pump. A rescue helicopter was scrambled from RAF Boulmer in Northumberland. A lifeboat dispatched from Amble transferred a new pump and escorted her to harbour for repairs.

In August 2016 she was blown over and partially submerged in unseasonably strong winds while docked at Johnshaven Harbor in Aberdeenshire.

Gallery

Media
Reaper was portrayed in an episode of the 2010 BBC TV series Boats that Built Britain.

References

External links
 Reaper at the Scottish Fisheries Museum
 History of Reaper, Scottish Fisheries Museum Boat Club
  National Register of Historic Vessels
 The history of herring fishing on the east coast of Scotland

Individual sailing vessels
Museum ships in the United Kingdom
Sailing ships of Scotland
1901 ships
Tourist attractions in Fife
Ships and vessels of the National Historic Fleet
Boat types
1901 in Scotland
History of Fife

Reaper (sailing vessel)


James Lee Stanley (born April 30, 1946) is an American folk singer-songwriter. Stanley was also a regular extra on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine for six seasons.

Biography
Stanley was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of Italian, German, Cherokee Indian, Scotch/Irish and English heritage. He said in a 2002 interview that as a child he was "shy, bright, blessed ...[with a] strict father gentle mother ...[and] three beautiful sisters." Stanley's uncle taught him to play the ukulele at an early age, and at sixteen he got his first recording contract and in 1970 did his first Los Angeles recording session through his friend Cass Elliot of The Mamas & the Papas. Stanley and Elliott remained friends until her death.  About his early attempts at songwriting, Stanley said "The Producer told me to write songs, so I did. They were terrible."

Stanley spent time in the United States Air Force during the late 1960s as a Chinese linguist and from 1969 to 1972 studied music at Los Angeles City College and Cal State-Northridge. Upon graduation, Stanley began working as a songwriter for producer Bones Howe, a relationship which led Stanley to a recording contract with Wooden Nickel Records, a Chicago label distributed by RCA.

Early work
Stanley's first self-titled album on Wooden Nickel was released January 23, 1973, and one month later he had his first booking as a recording artist, opening for Les Paul at McCabe's Guitar Shop in Santa Monica. Though Stanley had a ten-album contract, he was unhappy with the promotion offered by the label. "Publicity campaign?", Stanley said. "They made three T-shirts, one for me, one for the president of Wooden Nickel and one for his wife. And there was one group ad with Tower Records L.A. in which my album was included. So far as I know, that was it." Critically, Stanley fared much better.  "I received nothing but brilliant reviews. I remember Billboard Magazine, then the biggest music/showbiz mag in the world, choosing only a few albums to spotlight the week I put out Three's the Charm: Queen's Night at the Opera,  Loggins and Messina's Sittin In /Ten Years After with Alvin Lee / and Three's the Charm."

After a positive critical reception for Three's the Charm and little support from Wooden Nickel, Stanley asked to be released from his contract which still had seven albums to go.  The label agreed.  Six years later, Stanley recorded Midnight Radio (1980) for Regency Records. A compilation album of Stanley's earlier recordings titled Eclipse (1982) was released by Jollye Roger.  Stanley then recorded Racing the Moon (1984) for Takoma.

Beachwood Recordings
Following the release of Racing the Moon, Stanley made the decision to start his own label Beachwood Recordings. Stanley said,  "I wanted to make a recording of music and comedy and all the labels said: 'Choose one or the other.' So I chose to start my own label and do just what I do.". Stanley currently records for Beachwood, and tours regularly, performing up to three hundred dates each year.  He has performed with such diverse acts as Steven Wright, Bonnie Raitt, Robin Williams, Nicolette Larson and Bill Cosby.  Since 1990 Stanley has also been working on a musical titled Straight From The Heart, the story of two women and their relationship.  In recent years Stanley has collaborated on "two-man band" projects with Peter Tork, Michael Smith, John Batdorf and Cliff Eberhardt, and the upcoming "two-man band" project All Wood and Led with Dan Navarro.

Discography

Albums

James Lee Stanley (1973)
James Lee Stanley, Too (1973)
Three's the Charm (1974)
Midnight Radio (1980)
Eclipse (1982)
Racing the Moon (1984)
James Lee Stanley Live (1985)
Simpatico (1989)
Ripe Four Distraction (1991)
The Envoy (1993)
Even Cowgirls Get the Blues: A Soundtrack Inspired by the Novel (1993)
Domino Harvest (1997)
Freelance Human Being (1998)
Beachwood Christmas CD – 2001 (2001)
Beachwood Christmas CD – 2002 (2002)
Traces of the Old Road (2003)
A Beachwood Christmas – 2003 (2003)
The Eternal Contradiction (2007)
New Traces of the Old Road (2008)
Live in Tehachapi, Vol. 1–2 (2009)
Backstage at the Resurrection (2011)
The Apocaloptimist (2014)
Alive at Last – In Philadelphia (2016)
Dove – The Soundtrack to the Novel by M.H. Salter (2016)
Had Enough Yet? Songs of Protest, Resistance and Hope (2017)
Without Susie (2019)

With Peter Tork:
 Two Man Band (1996)
 Once Again (2001)
 Live/Backstage at the Coffee Gallery (2006)

With Michael Smith:Two Man Band Two (2002)

With John Batdorf:All Wood And Stones (2005)All Wood and Stones II (2013)

With Pamala Stanley and Chris Bennett:Straight From The Heart – The Musical (2015)

With Cliff Eberhardt:All Wood and Doors'' (2011)

Singles
"Every Minute" / "I Knead You" (1973)
"Wishing Well" / "This Could Be Goodbye" (1973)
"Afternoon Rain" / "Lydia" (1974)
"Plenty of Reason (For Going)" / "Windmill" (1974)
"Midnight Radio" (1980)
"Same Olde Samba" / "The Dancer" (1989)

References

External links

 James Lee Stanley Discography Detailed - Album track listings, musicians and recording details.
DataMusicata.com blog
Details about his Rolling Stones covers album
Details about his Doors covers album

James Lee Stanley discusses how the All Wood projects came to be
 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mike-ragogna/the-apocaloptimist-chatti_b_6294870.html
 singout.org/2015/02/11/james-lee-stanley-apocaloptimist/
 http://www.elmoremagazine.com/2014/11/reviews/albums/james-lee-stanley-apocaloptimist
 http://thealternateroot.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2841:jls-thea&catid=228&Itemid=299
 http://www.jazzweekly.com/2015/01/james-lee-stanley-the-apocaloptimist/
 http://www.acousticmusic.com/fame/p10090.htm
 http://www.seaoftranquility.org/reviews.php?op=showcontent&id=16894

Living people
1946 births
Singers from Philadelphia

James Lee Stanley


Kat DeLuna (born Kat Emperatriz de Luna; November 26, 1987) is an American crossover artist. Signed to Epic Records, she sings songs in both English as Spanish. At the age of 12, she was invited by the 'Queen of Merengue', Milly Quezada, to sing with her on stage in front of a big crowd of over thousand people. In April 2004, she opened for J Records musician Cassidy as part of the all Latino girl group Coquette.

Life
Kat and her family moved from The Bronx, US to the Dominican Republic early, where she was raised in poverty. Kat spent her time listening to Aretha Franklin and Billie Holiday records. At the age of 14, they moved back to the US, where Kat realized her potential as a singer. With that goal in mind, Kat was accepted to the New Jersey School of the Performing Arts. As a freshman, she scoured the pages of The Village Voice for auditions. After many auditions, DeLuna received a call for an all girl group, which later became the first Latina, Hip Hop/R&B group: Coquette. While being a part of Coquette, Kat continued to search for opportunities to pursue her dream of becoming a solo artist. At age of 15, Kat entered a Coca-Cola sponsored karaoke competition. Her version of "I Will Always Love You" won the competition. The competition also resulted her into meeting the legendary Cuban salsa singer Rey Ruiz. Ruiz gave KAT advice and with it, she started writing her own music and has continued to do so since.

Currently, Epic Records, her label, is in the process of launching a promotional campaign for her worldwide first single "Whine Up". The song features Elephant Man and a music video is in the works. On the official website, a video of DeLuna doing a choreography to the song is shown on the front page. Also Elephant Man is shown in the short rehearsing video.

Album discography
 9 Lives (2007)
 Inside Out (2010)
 Loading (2016)
 Kat Attack (2023)

Other websites
Official website

1987 births
Living people
singers from New York City

Kat DeLuna


Admiral Sir John Wentworth Loring, KCB, KCH (13 October 1775 – 29 July 1852) was a Royal Navy officer of the early nineteenth century who is best known for his service in the Napoleonic Wars as a frigate commander. Born in the Thirteen Colonies at the outbreak of the American War of Independence, Loring's family fled to Britain and he subsequently joined the Royal Navy aged 13. In 1793, aged 17, Loring was badly wounded in combat at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars. He subsequently served throughout the following 23 years of warfare between Britain and France, achieving success in command of the frigate HMS Niobe. After the war he served in an influential position at the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth and eventually became a full admiral.

Life
John Loring was born in October 1775 at the start of the American War of Independence to Joshua Loring, High Sheriff of Massachusetts. John's grandfather, Joshua Loring, had served in the navy in the Seven Years' War, commanding a squadron on the Great Lakes. The Loring family were Loyalists, and were ultimately forced to flee to Britain. In 1789, 13-year-old John Loring joined the Royal Navy, serving in HMS Salisbury before joining HMS Victory at the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. Loring was badly wounded early in the conflict at the Siege of Toulon, but in 1794 was in independent command of a gunboat at the Siege of Bastia and later served in the sloop HMS Fleche before joining Admiral Sir Hyde Parker's flagship HMS St George, seeing combat at the Battle of Genoa and the Battle of Hyères Islands in 1795.

In 1796, Loring served in HMS Britannia before joining HMS Comet in the West Indies. Over the next five years, Loring commanded a succession of ships, including HMS Rattler, HMS Lark, HMS Abergavenny and HMS Syren, operating against French privateers with some success and subduing a mutiny in his last command. For this service he was promoted to post captain by Rear-Admiral John Thomas Duckworth. Following the Peace of Amiens, Loring took command of HMS Utrecht. He subsequently returned to Europe, and was eventually given command of HMS Niobe in the blockade of France.

Loring served in Niobe for eight years, capturing numerous French merchant vessels and small warships. Two particularly notable exploits were the destruction of French frigates at the action of 13 November 1810 and the action of 24 March 1811. He finished the war as captain of HMS Impregnable, the flagship of the North Sea fleet. In 1816, Loring was superintendent of the ordinary (or reserve) at Sheerness and in 1819 he became lieutenant governor of the Royal Naval College, Portsmouth. He held this latter position for 18 years. Retiring in 1837 a rear-admiral, Loring was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Guelphic Order and in 1840 a Knight Commander of the Bath, having been a Companion of the Order of the Bath since 1815. He was also promoted, becoming a vice-admiral in 1846 and a full admiral in 1851.

Loring had married, in 1804, Anna Patton, daughter of Vice-Admiral Philip Patton. They had two sons, including William Loring who later also became an admiral, and three daughters. Loring died at his estate in Ryde, Isle of Wight in July 1852.

He also lived at Peartree House, near Peartree Green, Southampton from 1842 until his death.

Ship
The British Navy ship HMS Loring (K565) was named after him.

References

See also

1775 births
1852 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars

John Wentworth Loring


Export performance is the relative success or failure of the efforts of a firm or nation to sell domestically-produced goods and services in other nations.

Export performance can be described in objective terms such as sales, profits, or marketing measures or by subjective measures such as distributor or customer satisfaction.

See also
 Performance improvement

External links and references

See a review of the literature:
 Article from  Academy of Marketing Science Review

See two empirical articles from Journal of International Marketing:

Lages, Luis Filipe, Carmen Lages & Cristiana Raquel Lages (2005), "Bringing export performance metrics into annual reports: The APEV scale and the PERFEX scorecard." Journal of International Marketing, 13(3), 79-104.

Lages, Luis Filipe & Cristiana Raquel Lages (2004), "The STEP scale: A measure of short-term export performance improvement." Journal of International Marketing, 12(1), 36-56.

National accounts

Export performance


Energy can mean various things:

 In physics, energy is a property of matter and space. It can be transferred between objects. It can be converted in its form. It cannot be created or destroyed.
 In economics it may mean the 'energy industry', as in fuel or electric power distribution.
 Energy can be used to heat, move or illuminate.
 In everyday use, the word is used to describe someone acting or speaking in a lively and vigorous way.

Scientific energy
In physics, energy is a property intrinsic to anything that is able to interact in the universe. The energy of an object is its capability of producing a force that can do work, as well as its capability of transferring heat. When an object does work on another object (changing its momentum), the former's energy (its capability of doing work) decreases and the latter's energy increases, by transferring it.

Basic forms of energy include:
 Kinetic energy - energy of an object in motion, which acts as the capacity to undergo change in position over time.
 Potential energy - the potential a stationary object has to cause a force because it has mass, its position relative to other objects, or stresses within itself (elasticity). Motion is also relative.
 Heat - thermal energy which is used to vibrate atoms and molecules.
 Electrical energy - energy that relates to electrical interactions.

Conservation of energy
Energy is a property that is not created or destroyed, although energy can change in detectable form.  This is a rule that is commonly understood as the "conservation law of energy". In respects to this rule, the total amount of energy that exists in an isolated system will always be the same, no matter what changes have been made to it.

In the early 20th century, scientist found that matter itself can be created from energy (energy and matter are interchangeable, in spite of everyday experiences).  This is just another change of form.  After these discoveries, the conservation law of energy was extended to become the conservation law of matter and energy: matter and energy can neither be created from nothing nor destroyed to the point of complete erasure from reality. Albert Einstein was the first to mathematically show this. (E = mc2)

Matter can be created from energy or converted into energy through processes such as nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

Types of energy
Scientists have identified many types of energy, and found that they can be changed from one kind into another. These include:
Chemical energy
 Sound energy
 Renewable energy
 Solar energy
 Nuclear energy
 Elastic energy
 Gravitational potential energy
 Kinetic energy
 Dark energy
 Hamiltonian mechanics
 Internal energy

For example:

 human throws the stone using energy stored in muscles = chemical energy
 stone moves upwards = kinetic energy
 stone at the highest point = potential energy
 stone falls to ground = kinetic energy
 stone hits ground = thermal energy/sonic energy

Measuring energy
Energy can be measured. The amount of energy a thing has can be given a number.

As in other kinds of measurements, there are measurement units. The units of measurement for measuring energy are used to make the numbers meaningful.

The SI unit for both energy and work is the joule (J). It is named after James Prescott Joule. 1 joule is equal to 1 newton-metre. In terms of SI base units, 1 J is equal to 1 kg m2 s−2. It is most often used in science, though particle physics often uses the electronvolt.

The measurement for electricity most often uses the kilowatt-hour (kW·h). One kW·h is equivalent to 3,600,000 J (3600 kJ or 3.6 MJ).

Related pages
 Heat

References

Basic physics ideas

Energy


A conductor is a material which allows electricity, heat or sound to flow through it.

An  electrical conductor conducts electricity.  The ability to conduct electricity is called electrical conductivity. An excellent electrical conductor has high conductivity and low resistivity.  Electrical resistivity is the reciprocal/opposite of conductivity.

Prominent electrical conductors include:

 Copper
 Aluminum
 Gold
 Silver
 Water
 Human skin

Metals, like iron and copper, are used to make wires to carry electric current. Plasma is an excellent conductor of electricity and is used for many purposes but metals are more used.

Impure water can also conduct electricity. Living tissues, as in the human body, are wet and therefore conductors of electricity.

Some materials are semiconductors. This means that electricity can flow through them to a certain temperature and below that semiconductors do not pass electricity.

Some materials are resistors. This means electricity does not easily flow through them.

A material that stops electric current is called an insulator (electricity).  Wires are covered with insulators like plastic to stop the electricity from leaving the wire.

Some materials when very cold, are superconductors. They offer no resistance at all to the flow of electricity.

Most conductors' resistance becomes higher at higher temperatures.

References

Electricity
Basic physics ideas

Electrical conductor


Speed reading is the name for a number of ways to increase the speed at which a text can be read, so that the important facts of the text can still be understood. There are different ways to improve reading speed, but they are all similar. A trained reader is able to read and understand between 200 and 300 words per minute, for a text that is not very difficult to understand. Better training can improve this speed to over 1000 words per minute. Using a lot of exercise, it is possible to increase reading speed further. The best readers can read between 3000 and 4000 words per minute, and understand about 80% of them.

How do people read
In general, only a small part of the letters read are seen clearly. The brain guesses what the rest of the word is, based on a small part of the word. This also applies to groups of words, which are treated the same way. Known groups are handled faster, because the reader knows them, and also has an "image" for them.

What is very important when reading text is the ability to recognize words and word groups. The reader will then add the known image to the context. A known font can help this.

What is bad for speed reading is having a bad short-term memory. Another factor is a small vocabulary. People who only know few words, need more time to "scan" unknown words, simply because fewer words in the text are known.

Literature

Speed reading


Mushroom Records is an Australian record company started by Michael Gudinski and Ray Evans in Melbourne in 1972. After its sale in 1998, it joined with Festival Records (Australia) and became Festival Mushroom Records. In 2006 it became one of the record labels owned by Warner Bros. Records. It is currently internationally known as WEA International Inc.

Australian record labels
1972 establishments
1970s establishments in Australia
Electropop

Mushroom Records


Nordic countries are a group of countries in Northern Europe. These countries include Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, and the territories of Svalbard, the Åland Islands and the Faroe Islands. Though often confused as such, Scandinavia is not equivalent to the Nordic countries. Scandinavia is a peninsula while the Nordic countries are recognized states. Sweden and Norway (and a small part of Finland) rest on the Scandinavian peninsula. Scandinavia and Finland together belong to a larger peninsula, Fennoscandia. Finns speak a non-Germanic language.

Nordic countries have similar state, law and culture. Historically, Nordic countries have maintained close connections. Nordic countries are primarily socialist democracies. Nordic countries have some political co-operation, such as the Nordic council. Cooperation with a larger group, the European Union, makes the Nordic cooperation even smaller.

Nordic countries have long, cold winters with warm days in the summer, but only a small part of Northern Norway and approximately half of Iceland is arctic, although Iceland lies below the Arctic Circle except for one small island.

References

Nordic countries


The Birth of Venus is a painting by Sandro Botticelli (1445 – May 17, 1510). It is of a Roman goddess who was called Venus. He pictured her standing on a shell because Venus was said to have been born from foam on the sea in Stanze per la giostra, a poem written by Angelo Poliziano. The painting shows Zephyr, god of the winds holding the gentle breeze Aura, blowing her toward the shore where Horae, goddess of the seasons, is awaiting her with a cloak. She is pictured naked to show her innocence and divinity.

Art by Sandro Botticelli
15th-century paintings

The Birth of Venus


Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to organic compounds. It is done to alkenes.

Vegetable oils have alkenes in them. Alkenes are liquid and spoil easily. People making shortening add hydrogen to the alkene, turning it into an alkane. The alkanes are more solid and stable. A catalyst is used to react the hydrogen with the oil. This makes trans fats, though. Margarine is an example of a hydrogenated spread.

Other things can be hydrogenated, too. Hot nitrogen is reacted with hydrogen under high pressure with a catalyst, usually nickel to make ammonia gas.

Hydrogen compounds

Hydrogenation


Luca Turillli (born 5 March 1972, Triest) is an Italian muisicker (maistly a guitarist) an componer. He is ane o foondin members o the influential Pouer metal baund Rhapsody of Fire - the baund that he is the ae leeracist o (forby ae sang, Il Canto del Vento bi singer Fabio Lione) an, alang wi keybuirist Alex Staropoli, heidmaist componer o muisic.

Forby his wark in Rhapsody of Fire, Turilli haes twa by-projects, Luca Turilli an Luca Turilli's Dreamquest. He compones aw the muisic for baith thir projects that's in mony weys seemilar tae his main baund. He plays keybuirds raither nor guitar in Luca Turilli's Dreamquest.

Acause o his clessical backgrund (unner the influence o his faither he learnt pianae an guitar in clessical styles), his metal styles is unco influenced bi clessical muisic, an is aften gey melodic an complicate.

See Forby
 Pouer metal
 Rhapsody of Fire

Fremmit Airtins
 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Rhapsody of Fire
 Encyclopaedia Metallum page anent Luca Turilli's Dreamquest

Hivy metal guitarists
Hivy metal muisickers

Luca Turilli