For other people named Högne, see Haguna.

Högne was a king of Östergötland who appears in sources of Norse mythology.

Heimskringla
Snorri Sturluson wrote that he was the king of Östergötland and that he had a son named Hildur and daughter Hilda who was married to Granmar, the king of Södermanland. When Ingjald Ill-ruler murdered most of the sub-kings of Sweden, Högne and Granmar successfully defended their kingdoms. Snorri states that Högne and his son Hildur often made raids into the Swedish provinces killing many of Ingjald's men, and that he ruled his kingdom until he died.

Volsunga saga
In the Volsunga saga, the kings Högne and Granmar also appear, and in this saga, Högne has the sons Bragi and Dag, and a daughter Sigrun who he had promised to Granmar's son Hothbrodd. However, Sigrun has a suitor, Helgi Hundingsbane who attacks Granmar. Helgi kills both Högne, Bragi, Dag and Granmar's sons Hothbrodd, Gudmund and Starkad.

Kings in Norse mythology and legends
Kings of the Geats
Völsung cycle

Högne


The Treaty of Warsaw () is a treaty between West Germany and the People's Republic of Poland. It was signed on December 7, 1970 and ratified by the German Bundestag on May 17, 1972.

In the treaty, both sides committed themselves to nonviolence and accepted the existing border - the Oder-Neisse line. This was a very sensitive topic at the time as Poland was concerned that one day a German government would lay claim to some of the territory Germany lost after World War II. Poland took over this territory to replace eastern Poland, which the Soviet Union had conquered in 1939. A lot of that land was east of the Curzon Line, and Poland kept it after the Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921).

Chancellor Willy Brandt was heavily criticized by the conservative CDU/CSU opposition, which indeed were in favour of such a claim, accusing him of abandoning German interests. The Oder-Neisse line was reaffirmed by a reunited Germany in the German-Polish Border Treaty, signed on 14 November 1990.

In the FRG at the time this treaty was signed it was not seen as the last word on the border, because article IV stated that previous treaties like the Potsdam Agreement were not superseded by this latest agreement, so the provisions of this treaty could be changed by a final peace treaty between Germany and the Allies of World War II as provided for in the Potsdam Agreement.

References

Other websites
 Text of the treaty (PDF file, )

1970 in Germany
20th century in Poland
Warsaw 1970

Treaty of Warsaw (1970)


In video games, a boss is a powerful enemy which is much stronger than other normal enemies in the game. Usually a boss is unique, meaning there is only one of it, but sometimes it must be fought more than one time. Bosses are most often found at the end of a level or the game.

Video game design

Boss (video gaming)


"Spiderwebs" is a pop rock song by No Doubt. The lyrics are about a man who keeps calling Gwen and reciting bad poetry to her. It was released as a single in 1995. On the record charts it peaked near #5 three weeks after release.

Two separate music videos were made. One had exploding telephones. The other was set in a Japanese restaurant. Music Television (MTV) thought the telephone explosions were not good for young viewers to see, so they added more footage of the band.

1995 songs
Pop rock songs
No Doubt songs

Spiderwebs (song)


For the Bible Tells Me So is a 2007 American documentary film directed by Daniel G. Karslake about homosexuality and its perceived conflict with Christianity, as well as various interpretations of what the Bible says about sexual orientation. The film premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.

Overview
The film includes lengthy interview segments with several sets of religious parents (including former House Majority Leader Dick Gephardt and his wife, Jane, and the parents of Bishop V. Gene Robinson) regarding their personal experiences raising homosexual children, and also interviews with those (adult) children.

The film features an animated segment, "Is Homosexuality a Choice?", in which a summary of the then-current scientific theories about sexual orientation is given, such as homosexual behavior in animals and sexual orientation being caused by genes. It is directed by Powerhouse Animation Studios and narrated by Don LaFontaine in one of his last non-trailer narration roles.

People profiled in film
 Gene Robinson
 Jake Reitan
 Chrissy Gephardt
 Tonia Poteat
 Mary Lou Wallner

Critical reception
The film received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator, Rotten Tomatoes, reported that the film received 98% positive reviews, based on 43 reviews. Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 73 out of 100, based on 11 reviews.

Following its premiere in competition at the Sundance Film Festival, For the Bible Tells Me So went on to win several prestigious festival awards, including the Katherine Bryan Edwards Human Rights Prize at the Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, and the Best Documentary Audience Awards at the Seattle International Film Festival the Provincetown International Film Festival, Outfest, the Milwaukee Film Festival, and many others.

On November 19, 2007, For the Bible Tells Me So was named by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as one of 15 films on its documentary feature Oscar shortlist. However, it did not make the final list of five nominated films as announced on January 22, 2008.

References

External links

 For the Bible Tells Me So at First Run Features

2007 films
2007 documentary films
American documentary films
American films with live action and animation
Documentary films about Christianity in the United States
Documentary films about LGBT and Christianity
2007 LGBT-related films
Films about conversion therapy
First Run Features films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Gay-related films
Lesbian-related films
Films about suicide
Films about prejudice
Films about anti-LGBT sentiment
Documentary films about lesbians
Documentary films about gay men

For the Bible Tells Me So


Toell the Great () in Estonian mythology is a great giant hero who lived on the Baltic Sea island of Saaremaa.

Legend

He lived in Tõlluste village with his wife Piret. He tossed huge rocks everywhere, mostly aiming for his archenemy Vanatühi or other enemies of Saaremaa people. Tõll was king of Saaremaa but he lived as a common farmer. He often visited his brother Leiger on the neighboring Hiiumaa (Dagö) island. He was so tall that he could almost walk there (the Soela strait has passageways only 2-3m deep, and is about 6km across). His walking stick was a 5 fathom spruce tree trunk.

Tõll was always kind and ready to help, but very hot-tempered. He loved to eat cabbage, drink beer and go to the sauna (his wife was always busy gathering him sauna stove rocks).

Death
When an enemy decapitated him, he put his head on his sword and walked to his grave, which is supposed to be somewhere in Tõlluste. When Tõll died, he promised to rise from grave and help people in case of war. But naughty children made fun of him by yelling "Tõll, Tõll, wake up, there is a war in the yard". Tõll rose, grew angry and went back to his grave, swearing never to come back.

Theories
It is supposed that stories about Toell the Great are based on historical very tall elder of Saaremaa. Sometimes he is connected with local German (or Germanized) noble family Toll. Some members of that family are told to have been very tall (more than 2.10 meters). Tõll and Toll can be found as surnames in present day Saaremaa.

Modern day
In Ninase village there are two old windmills reshaped into the figures or Tõll and Piret. Newlyweds of Saaremaa go there to pay tribute to the mythical heroes of their island.

 Toell the Great has inspired the cartoon movie Suur Tõll (Tallinnfilm 1980).
 Icebreaker Suur Tõll is a museum ship in Tallinn.
 As of 2009, three of Estonia's most high class hotels (Pädaste Manor, Swissôtel Tallinn, and Hotel Schlossle) have begun to offer the Suur Tõll special to tourists upon request. This consists of a six-hour, custom-tailored sauna session and three cabbage-inspired meals per day, complete with two pints of some of Estonia's finest beers.

References

Estonian mythology
Estonian folklore
Saaremaa
Estonian giants

Toell the Great


Poppo I (also Boppo; died 13 July, before 1044), Count of Weimar-Orlamünde, was margrave of Istria from 1012 and of Carniola from 1040 to his death.

Poppo was the scion of a comital family from the Imperial Landgraviate of Thuringia. His father was Count William II of Weimar.

He married Hadamut, the daughter of one Count Weriand, who in 1001 had received large estates in eastern Friuli and Istria, then part of the March of Verona ruled by the Carinthian dukes, from the hands of Emperor Otto III. Poppo thus inherited a claim to the Istrian peninsula and began to use the margravial title. After King Henry III of Germany had inherited the Duchy Carinthia, he in 1040 established the separate Marches of Istria and Carniola. As his wife's mother was related to the Bavarian Counts of Ebersberg, who held possessions in Carniola, Poppo was also appointed Carniolan margrave.

Hadamut gave him one son, Ulric I, who succeeded his father in 1045.

References

Margraves of Istria
Margraves of Carniola
House of Weimar
11th century in Croatia

Poppo I, Margrave of Carniola


A Stimulus (plural stimuli) is something which causes a response. It is used in various bodies:

Stimulus (psychology): an input to a person's (or animal's) senses which causes a reaction or response. Especially used in classical conditioning and other kinds of behavioral experiments.
Stimulus (physiology): a detectable change around an organism. Sensory receptors may then produce changes in the body's physiology.
Input to a digital system. A stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system.
Stimulus (economics): a code-word for using tax and credit changes to boost a country's economy. Includes other measures to increase the supply of money.

Stimulus


Differential geometry is a field of mathematics. It uses differential and integral calculus as well as linear algebra to study problems of geometry. The theory of the plane, as well as curves and surfaces in Euclidean space are the basis of this study. Big discoveries were made in the 18th and 19th century. In geometry, the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. Carl Friedrich Gauß wondered whether triangle bearings of ships really has a sum of angles of exactly 180 degrees; with this question he was among the pioneers of modern differential geometry.

A long time ago, differential geometry was used for map projections. Today, it is used for fields as diverse as general relativity theory, or satellite navigation. Grigori Perelman's proof of the Poincaré conjecture uses differential geometry.

Differential geometry


Baldassare Ferri (9 December 1610 – 10 September 1680) was an Italian castrato singer. He is said to have possessed "extraordinary endurance of breath, flexibility of voice and depth of emotion".

History
He was born in Perugia, and at the age of eleven was a chorister to Cardinal Crescenzi, at Orvieto, in whose service he remained until 1655, when the Swedish invasion broke up the court. Four years later the Prince, afterwards Wladislaus IV, of Poland, secured Ferri's services for the Court of Sigismund III, at Warsaw. In 1655 the singer entered the service of Ferdinand III in Vienna.

He received many honors from royalty and the nobles of various countries, and was one of the most renowned singers of his time. In 1654 he journeyed to Sweden to sing by request before Queen Christine, his voice even then being famous throughout Europe. He was made a knight of St. Mark of Venice in 1643, sonnets were written in his honor, and he was crowned by his countrymen with roses. Five years before his death Ferri returned to his native country. He died exceedingly rich and left a great deal of money to charity. His voice was a wonderful organ, a beautiful soprano, with a limpid quality that musicians of the time declared was "indescribable." His intonation was perfect and all musicians spoke of his length of breath which was almost inexhaustible, and at all times his singing was quiet and expressive.

References

Castrati
1610 births
1680 deaths
People from Perugia
17th-century Italian male actors
17th-century Italian male opera singers

Baldassare Ferri


The alb (from the Latin albus, meaning white), one of the liturgical vestments of the Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, Methodist,  Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational churches, is an ample white garment coming down to the ankles and is usually girdled with a cincture (a type of belt, sometimes of rope similar to the type used with a monastic habit, such as by Franciscans and Capuchins). It is simply the long, white linen tunic used by the ancient Romans.

As a simple derivative of ordinary first-century clothing, the alb was adopted very early by Christians, and especially by the clergy for the Eucharistic liturgy. In early Medieval Europe it was also normally worn by secular clergy in non-liturgical contexts.

Nowadays, the alb is the common vestment for all ministers at Mass, both clerics and laypersons, and is worn over the cassock, but underneath any other special vestments, such as the stole, dalmatic or chasuble. If the alb does not completely cover the collar, an amice is often worn underneath the alb. The shortening of the alb has given rise to the surplice, and its cousin the rochet, worn by canons and bishops. Post-Tridentine albs often were made with liturgical lace. Since then, this detail has fallen out of style, except in parts of the Anglo-Catholic movement and some very traditional Arab Catholic parishes.

Corresponds to the Orthodox sticharion.

Variants
A chasuble-alb is a contemporary Eucharistic vestment that combines features of the chasuble and alb. In the Roman Catholic Church, it was first adopted in France, though without official approval. In France it is no longer fashionable, but it has been officially approved in some tropical countries such as the Philippines, and in Hawaii in the United States. It is always white in colour. A stole of the colour appointed for the Mass of the day is worn outside it, in place of the normal white alb and coloured chasuble.

A cassock-alb is a vestment that combines features of the cassock and alb. It developed as a more convenient undergarment worn by clergy and as an alternative to the alb for deacons and acolytes.

References

Anglican vestments
Eucharistic vestments
History of clothing
History of clothing (Western fashion)
History of fashion
Gowns
Lutheran vestments
Protestant vestments
Roman Catholic vestments

Alb


The Oregon State Fair is the official state fair of the U.S. state of Oregon. It takes place every August–September at the  Oregon State Fairgrounds located in north Salem, the state capital, as it has almost every year since 1862. In 2006, responsibility for running the fair was delegated to the Oregon State Parks and Recreation Department, and the division is now known as the Oregon State Fair & Exposition Center (OSFEC), which holds events on the fairgrounds year-round.

History

As Oregon agriculture expanded in the early 19th century many communities formed agricultural associations for the purpose of sharing information on farming practices and resources. These groups began to organize county fairs such as the Yamhill County Fair (1850). Shortly thereafter the Oregon Farmer newspaper began calling for a statewide fair. A group of farmers known as the Oregon Fruitgrowers Association organized the first unofficial state fair in 1858. That year is recognized as the official anniversary year of the fair.

In 1860, the association merged with other county groups and became the Oregon State Agricultural Society, who held the first official fair in 1861 in the Gladstone/Oregon City area. It was felt a larger area was needed and following a proposal by the Marion County Agriculture Society, the second official state fair was held in Salem in 1862 on the grounds of the Marion County Fair, where it has remained ever since. Homesteader John Savage donated  of his land, which was three miles (5 km) outside of Salem at the time, while pioneer John Minto contributed $1,200 to build a wooden fence around the grounds. The fairgrounds were annexed into Salem in 1921.

The fair has been held every year on the same site, except in 1905, because the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition was taking place in Portland that year, and during the World War II years of 1943 and 1944; instead the fairgrounds were leased to military units as a place to bivouac. Also, although the 1942 fair was held, it was scaled back to only include 4-H displays, livestock exhibits, and displays from 27 Oregon counties, so it was not considered an official State Fair. The fair was also canceled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

1967 Fire
In 1967, an arson occurred just before the opening of the fair, burning several large structures. Along with the fair commissioners, Governor Tom McCall felt the fair should go on, so many groups donated time and money for the cleanup and sent facilities like tents from as far away as the Portland Rose Festival so the fair could open.

National Register of Historic Places

The state fairground is the site of two historic buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places: the Oregon State Fair Stadium and Poultry Building Ensemble. The 1919 horse stadium and the 1921 poultry building were added to the register in 2002. The poultry building is known for the "chicken head" relief sculptures that decorate the exterior. The horse stadium is the oldest state building in Oregon in continuous use.

Heritage oak grove

In 2007, a 200-year-old grove of Oregon White Oaks across the street from the main fairgrounds was designated by the Oregon Heritage Tree Committee as an Oregon Heritage Tree site. The grove was used as a camping and gathering place by the area's original inhabitants, the Kalapuya, who collected acorns and camas there. The site later became a camping place for fairgoers who originally arrived in wagons and created a tent city during the fair; the practice of camping in the grove continued into modern times.

Reorganization
Following a period of financial trouble, the Oregon Legislative Assembly directed the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department to take over management of the fair in 2006. As of 2008, the fair's slogan was: "It's like a magical enchanted land. Except real."

Events
Through the years the fair has showcased Oregon crops and livestock, arts, and culture, and has hosted many food booths and vendors as well as judging competitions, horse racing and popular entertainers. In 2007 the fair hosted its first Lucha Libre (Hispanic wrestling) event.

Facilities
Outdoor concerts are held at the L. B. Day Amphitheatre, which was named in 1987 for L. B. Day, an Oregon State Senator and supporter of the fair.

The Oregon State Fairgrounds Pavilion, completed in 2004, is the newest building on the fairgrounds. The 5,000-seat indoor pavilion is used year-round for a variety of events. The pavilion and parking replaced a badly deteriorated grandstand that was built in 1929, and the horse racing track. Architectural ornaments from the grandstand's facade were to be salvaged and incorporated into the replacement building.

The Salem Armory Auditorium is located on a corner of the fairgrounds site, but is not affiliated with the State Fair. This concert venue is owned by the Oregon Military Department.

Gallery

References

External links

Oregon State Fair (official website)
Historic images of the Oregon State Fair from Salem Public Library
Image of the now-demolished grandstand from salemoregon.com
Historic images of the grandstand from the Historic American Buildings Survey

Oregon culture
State fairs
Fair
Sports venues in Oregon
Indoor arenas in Oregon
Music venues in Oregon
August events
September events
Fairgrounds in the United States
Festivals established in 1862
Festivals in Oregon
Annual fairs
Agriculture in Oregon
Culture of Salem, Oregon
Fairs in Oregon
National Register of Historic Places in Salem, Oregon
Tourist attractions in Salem, Oregon
1858 establishments in Oregon Territory
Annual events in Oregon
Festivals established in 1858

Oregon State Fair


Jednostki organizacyjne wojska Skonfederowanych Stanów Ameryki - lista jednostek organizacyjnych wojska Skonfederowanych Stanów Ameryki w czasie wojny secesyjnej (szczebla pułku, batalionu i kompanii).

Piechota
 1st Confederate Infantry (1st Confederate Regiment, Georgia Volunteers)
 2nd Confederate Infantry
 3rd Confederate Infantry
 4th Confederate Infantry (1st Regiment, Alabama, Tennessee, and Mississippi Infantry)
 9th Confederate Infantry (5th Confederate Infantry; 5th Confederate Regiment, Tennessee Infantry)
 Bailey's Consolidated Regiment of Infantry
 Tucker's Regiment, Confederate Infantry
 1st Battalion, Confederate Infantry (Forney's Regiment)
 8th Battalion, Confederate Infantry (2nd Foreign Battalion, Infantry; 2nd Foreign Legion, Infantry)
 Brooks' Battalion, Confederate Regular Infantry
 Haskell's Company, Infantry

Kawaleria
 1st Confederate Cavalry
 1st Confederate Regular Cavalry
 3rd Confederate Cavalry
 7th Confederate Cavalry (Claiborne's Regiment, Partisan Rangers; 7th Regiment, Confederate Partisan Rangers)
 8th (Dearing's) Confederate Cavalry
 8th (Wade's) Confederate Cavalry (2nd Regiment, Mississippi and Alabama Cavalry)
 10th Confederate Cavalry
 14th Confederate Cavalry
 15th Confederate Cavalry (1st Regiment, Alabama and Florida Cavalry)
 16th Confederate Cavalry (12th Regiment Mississippi Cavalry, Armistead's Cavalry, Spence's Cavalry)
 20th Confederate Cavalry (Lay's Regiment, Confederate Cavalry)
 Powers' Regiment, Confederate Cavalry
 Wood's Regiment, Confederate Cavalry
 1st Battalion, Trans-Mississippi Confederate Cavalry (1st Battalion, Arkansas and Louisiana Cavalry)
 6th Battalion, Confederate Cavalry
 7th Battalion, Confederate Cavalry (Prentice's Battalion, Confederate Cavalry)
 Baxter's Battalion, Confederate Cavalry
 Cutshaw's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Clarkson's Battalion, Confederate Cavalry, Independent Rangers
 Murchison's Battalion, Cavalry
 Raum's Company, Confederate Cavalry (Warren Dragoons)

Kawaleria indiańska
 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles (1st Arkansas Cherokee Mounted Rifles)
 1st Cherokee Mounted Volunteers (Watie's Regiment, Cherokee Mounted Volunteers; 2nd Regiment, Cherokee Mounted Rifles, Arkansas; 1st Regiment, Cherokee Mounted Rifles or Riflemen)
 Cherokee Regiment (Special Service)
 1st Squadron, Cherokee Mounted Volunteers (Holt's Squadron, Cherokee Mounted Volunteers)
 2nd Cherokee Mounted Volunteers (2nd Regiment Cherokee Mounted Rifles or Riflemen)
 1st Chickasaw Infantry (Hunter's Regiment, Indian Volunteers)
 Shecoe's Chickasaw Battalion, Mounted Volunteers
 1st Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles
 1st Choctaw Mounted Rifles
 Deneale's Regiment, Choctaw Warriors (Deneale's Confederate Volunteers)
 Wilkins' (Captain) Company, Choctaw Infantry
 1st Creek Mounted Volunteers (1st Regiment, Creek Mounted Rifles or Riflemen; Creek Regiment, Mounted Indian Volunteers; 2nd Regiment, Arkansas Creeks)
 2nd Creek Mounted Volunteers
 1st Osage Battalion, C.S.A.
 1st Seminole Mounted Volunteers
 Washington's Squadron of Indians, C.S.A. (Reserve Squadron of Cavalry)

Artyleria

 Braxton's Battalion, Confederate Artillery (Battalion C, 2d Corps, Army of Northern Virginia)
 Cunningham's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Courtney's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Haskell's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Huger's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Lewis' Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 Martin's Battalion, Confederate Reserve Artillery
 McLaughlin's Battalion, Confederate Artillery
 McIntosh's Battalion, Confederate Artillery (Battalion C,
 Nelson's Battalion, Confederate Artillery (31st Battalion, Virginia Light Artillery; 3rd Battalion Reserve, Light Artillery)
 Page's Battalion, Confederate Artillery (Carter's Battalion of Artillery; Braxton's Battalion of Artillery)
 Palmer's Battalion, Confederate Artillery (Robertson's Battalion of Artillery)
 Poague's Battalion, Artillery

Artyleria lekka
 1st Regular Battery, Confederate Light Artillery (Semmes' Battery; Barnes' Battery)
 Davis' Company, Confederate Light Artillery
 Dent's Battery, Confederate Light Artillery
 Richardson's Battalion, Confederate Light Artillery (Battalion A. 1st Corps Artillery, Army of Northern Virginia)
 Stark's Battalion, Confederate Light Artillery (Battalion B. 1st Corps Artillery, Army of Northern Virginia)

Artyleria ciężka
 De Gournay's Battalion, Heavy Artillery (12th Battalion, Louisiana Heavy Artillery)
 Montague's Battalion, Confederate Heavy Artillery (4th Battalion, Confederate Heavy Artillery)
 Smith's Battalion, Confederate Heavy Artillery

Artyleria konna
 Marshall's Company, Confederate Artillery (Brown Horse Artillery)
 Stuart's Horse Artillery
 White's (Captain) Battery, Horse Artillery

Wojska inżynieryjne
 1st Confederate Engineer Troops
 2nd Confederate Engineer Troops
 3rd Confederate Engineer Troops
 4th Confederate Engineer Troops

Pozostałe
 Bands, C.S.A.
 Bell's Battalion, C.S.A.
 Brush Battalion, C.S.A.
 Burrough's Battalion, Partisan Rangers (Princess Anne Partisan Rangers)
 Click's Company, Ordnance Scouts and Guards, C.S.A.
 Confederate Infantry
 Cunningham's Ordnance Detachment (Cuyler's Ordnance Detachment)
 Davis' Company of Guides, C.S.A.
 Engineers, C.S.A.
 Exchanged Battalion, C.S.A. (Trans-Mississippi Battalion; Western Battalion)
 Gillum's Regiment (Henry Gillum's Regiment; Gillum's Regiment, Mounted Infantry; Gillum's Regiment, Mounted Riflemen)
 Infantry School of Practice
 Veteran Reserve Corps (Invalid Corps)
 Jackson's Company, C.S.A.
 Lyon's Escort, Forrest's Cavalry, C.S.A.
 Madison's Company, Mounted Spies and Guides (Phillips' Mtd. Spies and Guides)
 Martin's Escort, C.S.A.
 McDaniel's (Captain) Company, Secret Service
 Mead's Confederate Cavalry (Mead's Regiment of Partisan Rangers)
 Miscellaneous Indian Records
 Nitre and Mining Bureau, War Department, C.S.A.,
 Ochiltree's Detachment of Recruits (Detachment of Regulars)
 President's Guard, C.S.A.
 Reserve Corps Artillery, Army of Northern Virginia)
 Sappers and Miners
 Signal Corps, C.S.A.
 Stirman's Regiment, Sharp Shooters
 Young's (5th) Company, Retributors

Skauci
 Blake's Scouts, C.S.A.
 Bradford's Corps, Scouts and Guards (Bradford's Battalion)
 Forrest's Scouts, C.S.A.
 Fort's Scouts, C.S.A.
 Lillard's Company, Independent Scouts and Rangers (Nelson Rangers and Scouts)
 Wheeler's Scouts, C.S.A. (Hawkins' Scouts, C.S.A.; Carter's Scouts, C.S.A.; 1st Tennessee Mounted Scouts)

Bibliografia

 The Story of a Confederate Boy in the Civil War (Serving in the 7th Virginia Infantry Regiment) David E Johnston,
 How a One-Legged Rebel Lives John S Robson,

Armia Skonfederowanych Stanów Ameryki
Listy związane z wojskowością


Lime is a general term for various naturally occurring minerals and materials derived from them in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium predominate.

These materials are used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, concrete, and mortar), and as chemical feedstocks, among other uses.  The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, primarily limestone and chalk, are composed primarily of calcium carbonate.    "Burning" (calcination) converts them into the highly caustic material quicklime (calcium oxide), and, through the addition of water, into the less caustic, but still strongly alkaline slaked lime (calcium hydroxide).

In general writing when the term is used in an agricultural context it probably refers to  Agricultural lime.  Otherwise it most commonly means slaked lime, as the more dangerous form is usually described more specifically as quicklime or burnt lime.

Minerals
Building materials

Lime (material)


André Campra (; baptized 4 December 1660 – 29 June 1744) was a French composer and conductor of the Baroque era. The leading French opera composer in the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau, Campra wrote several tragédies en musique and opéra-ballets that were extremely well received. He also wrote three books of cantatas as well as religious music, including a requiem.

Biography
Campra was the son of Giovanni Francesco Campra, a surgeon and violinist from Graglia, Italy, and Louise Fabry, from Aix-en-Provence. His father was his first music teacher. He was baptised on 4 December 1660 in the Église de la Madeleine in Aix. He became a choirboy in the Cathédrale Saint-Sauveur there in 1674 and commenced ecclesiastical studies four years later. He was reprimanded by his superiors in 1681 for having taken part in theatrical performances without permission, but was nevertheless made a chaplain on 27 May of that year.

He served as maître de musique (music director) at the cathedrals of Arles and Toulouse and then, from 1694 to 1700, served in a similar capacity at the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. Campra added violins to the performance of sacred music at the Paris cathedral, a controversial innovation in an era when they were considered street instruments. He began to compose for the theatre in 1697 and published some theatrical compositions under his brother's name to protect his reputation with church authorities. In 1700 he gave up his post at Notre-Dame and devoted himself to theatrical music with critical success. By 1705 he was such a musical celebrity that he became a target for negative articles in the press. In 1720, he adopted the composition of sacred music as his only profession.

Although Campra had obtained critical success he lacked financial security. In 1722 he was engaged briefly as maître de musique by the Prince of Conti. After the death of the regent Philippe d'Orléans in December 1723, Campra became sous-maître at the Royal Chapel in Versailles. In 1730 he became the Inspecteur Général at the Opéra (Royal Academy of Music).

He died in Versailles on 29 June 1744 at the age of 83.

Compositions and style

With his composition of L'Europe galante (1697), he became highly regarded in opéra-ballet, a musical genre originated by Pascal Colasse with Les saisons in 1695.

Principal works

Stage works
 L'Europe galante, opéra-ballet (1697)
 Le carnaval de Venise, opéra-ballet (1699)
 Hésione, tragédie en musique  (1700)
 Aréthuse, opéra-ballet (1701)
 Tancrède, tragédie en musique (1702)
 Les muses, opéra-ballet (1703)
 Iphigénie en Tauride, tragédie en musique (1704)
 Télémaque, tragédie en musique pastiche (1704)
 Alcine, tragédie en musique (1705)
 Hippodamie, tragédie en musique (1708)
 Les fêtes vénitiennes, opéra-ballet (1710)
 Idoménée, tragédie en musique (1712)
 Télèphe, tragédie en musique (1713)
 Énée et Didon, fête musicale (1714)
 Camille, reine des volsques, tragédie en musique (1717)
 Les âges, opéra-ballet (1718)
 Achille et Déidamie, tragédie en musique (1735)

Cantatas
 Book I 1708 – Hebe. L'Heureux jaloux. Didon. Daphne. Arion. Les femmes.
 Book II 1714 – Les Heureux Epoux, Silène, Achille oisif, La Dispute de l'Amour et de l'Hymen, La danse de Flore, Enée et Didon.
 Book III 1728 – L'heureux moment, Les caprices de l'Amour, La colère d'Achille, Les plaisirs de la campagne, Le papillon, Le jaloux, Le lys et la rose

Sacred works
 Nisi Dominus (1722)
 Requiem (after 1723)
 Motets for the royal chapel (1723–1741)
 Te Deum

Legacy
 Darius Milhaud based his 1936 orchestral work Suite provençale on 18th-century themes, including some by Campra.
 A theme from Campra's opera Camille, reine des Volsques (1717) was used as the basis of the collaborative work La guirlande de Campra, a set of variations created by seven French composers in 1952.
 The "Rigaudon" from his opera Idoménée, in an arrangement for organ, is probably his most familiar work, often used as a wedding processional and often recorded.
 The Collège Campra, a state-owned secondary school in the centre of Aix-en-Provence is named for him and houses a statue of him.

References

Additional sources
 Maurice Barthélemy, André Campra: sa vie et son oeuvre (1660–1744) (Éditions A. et J. Picard, 1957)
 Catherine Cessac, ed., Itinéraires d'André Campra (1660–1744) (Editions Mardaga, 2012)
 Jean Duron, André Campra: un musicien provençal à Paris (Editions Mardaga, 2010), available online

 Jean-Paul C. Montagnier: The Polyphonic Mass in France, 1600-1780: The Evidence of the Printed Choirbooks, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

External links

1660 births
1744 deaths
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians
French ballet composers
French Baroque composers
French male classical composers
French composers of sacred music
French opera composers
French people of Italian descent
Male opera composers
Musicians from Aix-en-Provence
17th-century male musicians

André Campra


Monterey Pop is a 1968 American concert film by D. A. Pennebaker that documents the Monterey International Pop Festival of 1967. Among Pennebaker's several camera operators were fellow documentarians Richard Leacock and Albert Maysles. The painter Brice Marden has an "assistant camera" credit. Titles for the film were by the illustrator Tomi Ungerer. Featured performers include Big Brother and the Holding Company with Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Hugh Masekela, Otis Redding, Ravi Shankar, the Mamas & the Papas, the Who and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, whose namesake set his guitar on fire, broke it on the stage, then threw the neck of his guitar in the crowd at the end of "Wild Thing".

In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Performers and songs
Songs featured in the film, in order of appearance:
Scott McKenzie"San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)"*
The Mamas & the Papas"Creeque Alley" and "California Dreamin'"
Canned Heat"Rollin' and Tumblin'"
Simon & Garfunkel"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)"
Hugh Masekela"Bajabula Bonke (The Healing Song)"
Jefferson Airplane"High Flying Bird" and "Today"
Big Brother and the Holding Company"Ball and Chain"
Eric Burdon & the Animals"Paint It Black"
The Who"My Generation"
Country Joe and the Fish"Section 43"
Otis Redding (backed by Booker T. & the M.G.'s)"Shake" and "I've Been Loving You Too Long"
The Jimi Hendrix Experience"Wild Thing"
The Mamas & the Papas"Got a Feelin'"
Ravi Shankar"Dhun" ("Dadra and Fast Teental") (mistitled as "Raga Bhimpalasi")

 - Studio version, played over film footage of pre-concert activity.

The order of performances in the film was rearranged from the order of appearance at the festival. Additionally, many artists who appeared at the festival were not included in the original cut of the film.

Production
The American Broadcasting Company put up a $200,000 advance to get a film made about the Monterey Pop Festival for its new ABC Movie of the Week series. However, Monterey Pop never aired on ABC, a decision made by Thomas W. Moore, the head of ABC at the time and, according to Lou Adler, "a very conservative Southern gentleman." "We showed him Jimi Hendrix fornicating with his amp and we said 'What do you think?' " Adler recalls. "And he said 'Keep the money and get out.' He said 'Not on my network.' "

Monterey Pop was shot on 16mm film blown up to 35mm for theatrical release. Director D. A. Pennebaker said he recorded the audio on a professional 8-channel reel-to-reel recorder borrowed from the Beach Boys. The movie's theatrical release used a four-channel soundtrack that included two to three minutes of rudimentary surround sound. Dolby noise reduction was added in 1978 when fresh prints of the film were struck.

After Leacock-Pennebaker, the original production company, was dissolved in 1970, Pennebaker Associates acquired rights to the film.

Home video
When Sony Video released Monterey Pop on videocassette in 1986, Pennebaker created three one-inch tape masters struck from a 16mm negative he had "wet-gated", a process in which sponges remove particles and also place a fast-drying chemical on the film that fills in scratches. In a digital remix for the video, Pennebaker eliminated the surround track of the theatrical release and mixed the center dialog track into the left and right stereo channels. No Dolby was used, although Sony's initial video release inadvertently stated otherwise on the packaging.

In 2002, Monterey Pop was released on DVD as part of a Criterion Collection box set, The Complete Monterey Pop Festival, that also includes Pennebaker's short films Jimi Plays Monterey (1986) and Shake! Otis at Monterey (1986), as well as two hours of outtake performances, including some by bands not seen in the original film. The box set was re-released in 2009 on Blu-ray. For this edition, the soundtracks were remixed in 5.1 Surround Sound by Eddie Kramer.

Influence

Rock critic Robert Christgau considers Monterey Pop the best of the 1960s concert documentaries, saying, "[T]he music and its... celebrants are like a wonderful secret — wonderful because even though everyone knows about it, it still delivers the thrill of discovery. Unveiled in 1968, Pennebaker's vision of the 1967 event was instrumental in convincing potential organizers and participants that music was the healthiest way to crystallize the energy of a counterculture that by then seemed both blessedly inevitable and dangerously embattled."

French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard was so taken with Jefferson Airplane's performance in Monterey Pop that later in 1968 he set out to make a never-finished film titled One A.M. (for "One American Movie") in collaboration with Pennebaker and Leacock. Godard shot a sequence of the Airplane, (included on the 2004 Fly Jefferson Airplane DVD), playing at high noon on a business day on the roof of a New York hotel across the street from the Leacock-Pennebaker offices, with the tower of Rockefeller Center in the background. Attracted by the extremely high volume of the music, the police arrived and put an end to the shooting.

The screening of Monterey Pop in theaters helped raise the festival to mythic status, rapidly swelled the ranks of would-be festival-goers looking for the next festival, and inspired new entrepreneurs to stage more and more of them around the country.

In 1969, Michael Lang and Artie Kornfeld pitched an idea for a recording studio in Woodstock, New York, to businessmen John P. Roberts and Joel Rosenman. In the documentary Woodstock: Now and Then, Rosenman said the proposal suggested that the studio would encourage occasional rock concerts in the town. Rosenman had watched Monterey Pop the day before meeting with Lang and Kornfeld and, impressed by the film, agreed, with Roberts to bankroll Lang and Kornfeld in an effort that morphed into the 1969 Woodstock Festival.

See also
Summer of Soul (2021)
Gimme Shelter (1970)
Festival (1967)

References

External links

 Monterey Pop: The First Rock Festival an essay by Michael Lydon at the Criterion Collection
 Monterey Pop (35mm and Russian slit-scan photos) on bcx.news

1968 films
1968 documentary films
American rock music films
American documentary films
Concert films
Documentary films about music festivals
Films directed by D. A. Pennebaker
Hippie films
Rockumentaries
United States National Film Registry films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films

Monterey Pop


Siouxsie Sioux (born Susan Janet Ballion, 27 May 1957), is an English singer-songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer of rock band Siouxsie and the Banshees (1976–1996). They released 11 studio albums in their career and two UK top ten singles, "Hong Kong Garden" and "Dear Prudence".

In 1981, Sioux and drummer Budgie made a side-project called The Creatures. They released four studio albums and broke up in 2005. In 1994 she released a single with Morrissey called "Interlude". That year she also sang on a Hector Zazou song called "The Lighthouse". In 2004 she started performing on her own as Siouxsie. Her first solo album, Mantaray, was released in 2007. In June 2013 she performed for the first time in five years at the Royal Festival Hall in London.

She plays guitar, piano, bass, and percussion.  Her voice is in the coloratura contralto range.

Personal life
In 1991 Sioux married Budgie, the Banshees' drummer. She said in an interview with The Sunday Times in 2007 that they had divorced. She lives in France.

References

Weblink
 Siouxsie.com

Living people
1957 births
English singer-songwriters
New wave singers

Siouxsie Sioux


Global Night Commute was a worldwide event organized by the makers of the film Invisible Children through the organization Invisible Children, Inc. It took place on April 29, 2006. Youths from around the world walked to city centers and spent the night in parks to show support for Ugandan children who walk every night into city centers attempting to avoid capture by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).

Overview
These children, between the ages of 3 and 17, from Acholiland in Northern Uganda, are referred to as "night commuters". They walk up to 20 km (12 mi) from internally displaced person camps to larger towns, notably Gulu, in search of safety from the LRA.

The Global Night Commute was similar to other initiatives raising awareness about the plight of the children in Acholiland like the Gulu Walk that took place in over 40 cities internationally in October 2005; however, the Global Night Commute took place on a much larger scale. Over 58,000 people signed up to participate in the event, but over 80,000 attended in total; it took place in 130 cities in seven countries.

The goal of the event was to raise awareness and ultimately end Africa's longest running conflict by facilitating a change in the policies of the United States government.  The slogan for the event is "On April 29th, we gathered. To make a difference. To end a war."

See also
ChildVoice International

References
World Magazine Article on Global Night Commute

External links
Invisible Children

Event photographs
Flickr Collection
Vancouver, Canada
Columbia, South Carolina
Portland, Oregon
Washington DC
Kansas City

Press
Students join Global Night Commute in Washington, D.C., The Johns Hopkins News-Letter

2006 protests
Invisible Children
Organized events

Global Night Commute


Mount Zealand, or Zealand Mountain, is a mountain located in the White Mountains, in Grafton County, New Hampshire.  Zealand stands on a spur ridge northeast of Mount Guyot, and facing Whitewall Mountain to the east across Zealand Notch.

Zealand's south and northeast sides drain into the North Fork Pemigewasset River, thence into the Pemigewasset and Merrimack rivers, reaching the Gulf of Maine in Massachusetts. The west side drains into the Little River, thence into the Ammonoosuc and Connecticut rivers, reaching Long Island Sound in Connecticut.

The Twinway, a section of the Appalachian Trail, a 2,186-mile (3,518-km) National Scenic Trail from Georgia to Maine, crosses Zealand. Zealand is a popular hiking destination, with attractions including the Zeacliffs, on the eastern end of its ridgeline, just off the Appalachian Trail, offering dramatic views across Zealand Notch, to the Presidential and Willey Ranges and to Mount Carrigain, as well as Zealand Falls, for which a neighboring Appalachian Mountain Club hut is named, also along the Appalachian Trail, near the notch and downhill to the north from Zeacliffs.

See also

 List of mountains in New Hampshire
 White Mountain National Forest

External links
  PeakBagger.com: Mount Zealand
  AMC: Mount Zealand
  hikethewhites.com: Mount Zealand

Mountains of New Hampshire
White Mountains (New Hampshire)
Mountains of Grafton County, New Hampshire
New England Four-thousand footers
Mountains on the Appalachian Trail

Mount Zealand


Imagine an electric field E passing through a surface. Consider an infinitesimal area (dA) on that surface across which E remains constant. Also assume that the angle between E and dA is i. The electric flux is defined as EdAcos(i). E and dA are vectors. Flux is the dot product of E and dA. Using full vector notation, the electric flux  through a small area  is given by

The electric flux over a surface S is therefore given by the surface integral:

where E is the electric field and dA is a differential area on the surface  with an outward facing surface normal defining its direction.

For a closed Gaussian surface, electric flux is given by:

where QS is the net charge enclosed by the surface (including both free and bound charge), and ε0 is the electric constant. This relation is known as Gauss' law for electric field in its integral form and it is one of the four Maxwell's equations.

Electric flux is not affected by charges that are not within the closed surface. But the net electric field, E, in the Gauss' Law equation, can be affected by charges that lie outside the closed surface.  Gauss' Law is true in all situations, but people can only use it to calculate when high degrees of symmetry exist in the electric field.  Examples include spherical and cylindrical symmetry. Otherwise, the calculations are too hard to do by hand and must be worked out using a computer.

Electrical flux has SI units of volt metres (V m), or, equivalently, newton metres squared per coulomb . So, the SI base units of electric flux are kg•m3•s−3•A−1.

Related pages
Magnetic flux

Other websites
 Electric flux — HyperPhysics

Electromagnetism

Electric flux


Alien War was a "total reality" experience in the United Kingdom that originally opened at the Arches in Glasgow in April 1992 themed around the Alien series of films. Created by John Gorman and Gary Gillies, the attraction had a short run as a mobile event at various exhibition centres in the UK (including the Bournemouth International Centre and the Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre). On 15 October 1993 it opened in the basement of the Trocadero centre in London. The permanent attraction in London closed after a flood in August 1996 and was never reopened. It made a short return between December 1999 and January 2000 in the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre in Glasgow in a modified form.

Technology
The marines originally carried blank firing pistols. For Alien War London, an innovative electronic system called Soundfire was developed to allow the weapons to sound like those used in the film Aliens. The system consisted of M41A pulse rifles with infrared transmitters and small strobe lights (to simulate muzzle flash). When the trigger is pulled a signal is transmitted to receivers hidden in the set. A central computer then plays gunfire sound effects to speakers in the correct area of the set. The method of producing the effect was entirely different from how it would be imagined the weapons would discharge. The strobe lights also resembled blue camera flashes, and did not resemble a muzzleflash. The system also played other sound effects such as the Alien sounds and suffered teething troubles in the first months after opening meaning that the blank firing pistols had to be used for most early shows.

The show was seen in various guises and briefly featured an actor dressed as the Predator for a spell prior to it closing in Glasgow.

Alien War 2008

Alien War (now called Alien Wars) opened at its original home at the Arches Glasgow on 6 December 2008 and ran until 30 August 2009 in a modified format that is unrelated to the 20th Century Fox film series. It opened in Liverpool at Wirral's spaceport and ran until March 2010.

A number of exhibits from Alien War and the associated Movie Magic Exhibition, Glasgow, were acquired by IDEAS, the Edinburgh-based design consultancy, intended for inclusion within the UFO Land, Sci-Fi Museum, part of the Zenith Project and Scarborough Council.

Footnotes

External links
 The Harry Harris Aliens Collection & Archive: About Alien War
 Aliens Collection: Alien War coverage
 International Herald Tribune Article about Alien War

Alien (franchise) games
Outer space in amusement parks

Alien War


Camp Bullis Military Training Reservation is a U.S. Army training camp comprising  in Bexar County, Texas, USA, just northwest of San Antonio. Camp Bullis provides base operations support and training support to Joint Base San Antonio. The camp is named for Brigadier General John L. Bullis.

Camp Bullis and Camp Stanley make up the Leon Springs Military Reservation. Camp Bullis is used primarily as maneuvering grounds for U.S. Army, Air Force, and Marine combat units. It is also used as a field-training site for the various medical units stationed at Brooke Army Medical Center in nearby Fort Sam Houston.

History
In 1906, United States military bought over 17,000 acres from all or parts of six ranches. This area was designated the Leon Springs Military Reservation and was to be used as a maneuvers and training area for troops based at Fort Sam Houston in San Antonio. Leon Springs was praised for its sparse population and varied terrain. Use of the new training area began almost immediately. In July and August 1907, the target ranges in present-day Camp Stanley were used for the Southwestern Rifle and Pistol Competition. The first major maneuvers were held in 1908, involving regular army and National Guard infantry, cavalry, and field-artillery units. The first documented firing of artillery occurred in 1909. Mobilization of troops in response to upheavals in Mexico in 1911 led to large-scale maneuvers at the reservation. With the increased tensions along the United States-Mexico border between 1912 and 1916, activity at the reservation decreased as troops from Fort Sam Houston were deployed along the border. Activity increased again in 1916, as large numbers of troops were called up for training after the raid of Columbus, New Mexico, by Pancho Villa. Also in 1916, a large remount station was built near Anderson Hill in present-day Camp Stanley. In February 1917, the facilities at the reservation were renamed Camp Funston in honor of Major General Frederick Funston. In May 1917 while preparing for World War I, Camp Funston established the first Officers Training Camp. Drills and training there included practice marches, target practice, and trench warfare training. Officers  graduated in August 1917, after which a second series Officer Training Camp began.

In October 1917, Camp Funston was renamed Camp Stanley to avoid confusion with Camp Funston in Kansas; additional land to the south was leased and named Camp Bullis in honor of Brigadier General John L. Bullis. The Camp Bullis cantonment was located across Salado Creek from the old Scheele Ranch. Training facilities at Camp Bullis included cavalry camps, maneuver grounds, and target ranges. Construction of permanent facilities was limited to a camp headquarters, an administrative building, and spaces for rows of mess halls and tents. The 315th Engineer Regiment of the 90th Division constructed rifle ranges and a pistol range between Hogan Ridge and Salado Creek that could easily accommodate 3,000-4,000 men.

Between World Wars I and II, Camp Bullis grew significantly in size. The leased properties of Camp Bullis and additional adjacent properties were purchased. In addition, 1,760 acres of Camp Stanley, primarily the inner cantonment of present-day Camp Stanley, were transferred to the chief of ordnance for the San Antonio Arsenal, which was located in the city of San Antonio to the south. The remaining area, formerly known as the Leon Springs Military Reservation, was transferred to Camp Bullis. During this period, infantry and engineering units of the 2d Division and other troop units in the San Antonio area used Camp Bullis. Training and drills by the Citizens Military Training Camp  and the Reserve Officers Training Corps  also took place at Camp Bullis. Troops took part in target and combat practice, firing Stokes mortars, and maneuvering in regiment-sized units.

Starting in 1937, the Second Division tested new divisional structures meant to increase mobility and flexibility through mechanization and motorization. These tests, featured in a 1939 Life issue and employed the use of antitank units and the 6th Infantry Regiment, and lasted through 1939. The resulting concept, known as the triangular division, was built around three infantry regiments and gave commanders at each level of organization, from platoon to division, three forces to face enemy units - one to confront the enemy, one to maneuver and outflank the enemy, and one to exploit enemy failures or weaknesses and act as a reserve. In 1939, Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall ordered that the triangular division design be adopted for all infantry divisions. The formal reorganization of the Second Division included the addition of the 38th Infantry Regiment, two artillery battalions, and a change from 75-mm to 105-mm howitzers.

In 1942 and 1943, the triangular division was replaced when the need for tank and other armored units became essential parts of division-sized units.

Prior to World War II, Camp Bullis had hosted a number of nonmilitary activities. In 1926, portions of two movies—The Rough Riders and Wings—were filmed at the installation. The Rough Riders was filmed using troops of the 1st and 5th Cavalry regiments as extras. Palmtree Hill, which was stormed by the troops, was planted with palm trees to resemble San Juan Hill in Cuba. The flying fields at Camp Bullis were used in the production of Wings, the winner of the first Academy Award for best picture. In the early 1930s, Camp Bullis was one of many military installations across the country used for the organization of Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) personnel. Personnel from the CCC, as well as the Works Progress Administration (renamed Work Projects Administration in 1939), participated in the construction of some of the camp's facilities during this period.

As the war in Europe began, more troops trained at Camp Bullis. This increased the need for a larger training facility that could accommodate more than one division. Properties to the east along Blanco Road and to the northwest were acquired by condemnation, and additional acreage north of Cibolo Creek was leased. The new facilities reflected changes in technology, tactics, and increased range of weapons. In addition, adding more tent slabs increased the capacity of the cantonment area. A prisoner-of-war camp with a capacity for 200 prisoners was established north of the headquarters, and access to the camp was improved by the completion of Military Highway. Division-sized units trained at Camp Bullis until November 1943, after which the army did not activate any new divisions. Smaller units continued to train at Camp Bullis until the end of World War II. Toward the end of World War II, the Provost Marshal General School, including the Military Police Officer Candidate School, moved to Camp Bullis from Fort Sam Houston.

After World War II, demand decreased for the ranges and maneuver areas. The postwar period brought changes in infantry division weaponry that were incompatible with the size and location of the facility. Divisions used late-model M-4 Shermans and M-26 Pershings, as well as antiaircraft artillery, which "could not be fired safely at Camp Bullis with service ammunition" Other developments at the end of the war made Camp Bullis an ideal facility for different activities. Personnel attached to the Government Tire Test used Camp Bullis and its shop facilities to design and test tires, fuels, vehicles, and tanks for the military. Medical training also became increasingly important, as Fort Sam Houston became the new home of the Medical Field Service School. Remote training facilities were set up at Camp Bullis so personnel could practice field medical skills.

Camp Bullis continues to train medical personnel in field procedures, as well as provide training facilities for Army, Army Reserve, Air Force, and Texas National Guard personnel from the San Antonio area and outside the region.
Since 1970, Camp Bullis has transferred 464 acres to the City of San Antonio and Bexar County for parks and roads.

Water insecurity
As of September 2015, the San Antonio Water System  planned an $11 million project to build nearly 4 miles of pipeline to Camp Bullis, Fort Sam Houston, and Lackland Air Force Base as a backup water supply. This was to prevent San Antonio from becoming a candidate for the next round of Base Closure and Realignment Commission decisions.

Soldier Medic Training Site
The Soldier Medic Training Site  is located at Camp Bullis. It is designed to simulate conditions that new soldier medics are likely to face while deployed to current areas of conflict.

See also

 Texas Military Forces
 Texas Military Department
 List of conflicts involving the Texas Military
 Awards and decorations of the Texas Military

References

Sources

External links

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/camp-bullis.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20080112111145/http://www.cs.amedd.army.mil/Bullistraining/

Buildings and structures in Bexar County, Texas
Military in San Antonio
Bullis, Camp
Civilian Conservation Corps in Texas
Military facilities in Texas
Civilian Conservation Corps camps
Texas Military Department
Texas Military Forces

Camp Bullis


The Scam Artist was a 2004 independent film that was meant to catapult the acting career of Kimberly Page.

The movie stars Kimberly Page, her then husband Diamond Dallas Page and Michael Patrick Larson. The plot was  set in the future in the United States. Corporations rule America and the daughter of a wealthy CEO, Sylvia Heinrich (Kimberly Page), cooks up a scheme with her boyfriend, David Sands (Larson), to fake her kidnapping and to leave the country with the ransom money.

They involve a mercenary, Lenny (Diamond Dallas Page) to assist but then things start to go haywire and greed begins to rear its ugly head.   Sylvia's father, Winston (Tim McNally) does not want to pay a ransom and adds his thugs to the mix.

External links

Official Site
Production Company

American science fiction action films
2004 films
2004 independent films
2004 science fiction action films
American independent films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

The Scam Artist


"Dr. Jay" redirects here.  It is an incorrect name, or misspelling, of Dr. J.  For the American rapper and music producer who does not deejay, see Dr. Dre.  For the fictional character "Doc Jay", see Full Metal Jacket.

Julius Winfield Erving II (born February 22, 1950) is a retired American basketball player. He went to Roosevelt High school. He is best known by the nickname Dr. J.  Other nicknames include The Doctor and J. W. Erving.  Erving helped create the modern style of basketball. Jumping and playing above the rim of the basket became a more important part of the game.

Career
Erving was the best known player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) when it joined with the NBA in 1976. He won three championships and four Most Valuable Player Awards. He scored the most points in the league three times. He did it while playing with the ABA's Virginia Squires and New York Nets and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers.

He is the fifth-highest scorer in professional basketball history. He scored 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was the only player to have been voted Most Valuable Player in both the ABA and the NBA. Erving was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time team. In 1993, he was added into the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Many think that Erving is one of the best basketball players ever. He was well known for slam dunking from the free throw line. He was one of the best dunkers of all time. His best known dunk was the "slam" dunk. Since then, this move has become a regular term in basketball and is felt by most the be a basic part of the game. He is also credited with making the "cross-over" dribble and the "no look" pass a part of the game.

References

1950 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sportspeople from New York (state)
American basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees

Julius Erving


AIP Records  is a record label that was started by Greg Shaw's Bomp! Records in 1983 to continue the Pebbles series. AIP stands for "Archive International Productions". The first 10 volumes in the Pebbles series had been released by BFD Records of Kookaburra, Australia (most likely a fictitious label name to avoid copyright infringement lawsuits) in 1979–1980 and have been kept in print by AIP for many years. Including those in the companion Highs in the Mid-Sixties series – which concentrated on American regional music scenes – there are over 50 LPs covering some 800 obscure, mostly American "Original Punk Rock" songs recorded in the mid-1960s – primarily known today as the garage rock and psychedelic rock genres – that were previously known only to a handful of collectors.

Two similar series of LPs featuring British music were released in the ensuing years, the English Freakbeat series and Electric Sugar Cube Flashbacks series. Although LPs are still available from the Bomp! Records website, none are being manufactured any longer; and many are now out of print, including all of the Freakbeat and Flashbacks discs.

AIP Records also issued numerous CDs in the English Freakbeat series and Pebbles series, with the first 6 Pebbles volumes being basically the same as the LPs, with bonus tracks. The 6th Pebbles album was reissued more appropriately as the 6th CD in the English Freakbeat series, since this LP also featured British music. Most of the later Pebbles CDs were taken from particular regions, like the Highs series. In 2007, AIP Records released the Pebbles, Volume 11 CD as the last of the albums in this landmark series.

AIP Records has begun the Essential Pebbles series, the Planetary Pebbles series, and the You Gotta Have Moxie series. With the exception of an album called New Fruit by Sky Saxon, former leader of the Seeds, all of the AIP releases are in one of these series.

See also
 List of record labels

References

External links
AIP Records mail order site
AIP Records historical information

Record labels established in 1983
American independent record labels
Garage rock record labels
Reissue record labels

AIP Records


Maney is an area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, England. It is situated close to the town centre of Sutton Coldfield and is also near Wylde Green and Walmley. The main thoroughfare is Birmingham Road, which runs through Maney.

Facilities
Sutton Coldfield's only remaining cinema is located in Maney. It was operated by Odeon Cinemas from 1936 until 2006, when it was acquired by Empire Cinemas. It was officially opened on April 18, 1936, by Councillor W. A. Perry, the Mayor of Sutton Coldfield. Upon its opening, it had a seating capacity of 1,636 and was designed by Harry Weedon. It was put in direct competition of the 'Empress Cinema' on the Parade in Sutton Coldfield town centre which had reopened after reconstruction work in February of that year. The 'Empress Cinema' shut down in the 1970s and the site is now the location of Sutton Coldfield Library.

Beeches Walk, Birmingham Road, offers a range of shops and restaurants. This parade stands on the site of a large Victorian house 'The Beeches'. In 1929, over  of paddock at the rear of the house was acquired by Compulsory Purchase Order for the building of Sutton Coldfield Grammar School for Girls. In 1932, the old house was demolished and despite some local opposition retail development was permitted.

St Peter's Church is located on Maney Hill Road. The foundation stone was laid on June 22, 1904, by Rt. Hon. William Henry Lord Leigh and was completed in 1905. It is the parish church for the parish of St Peter.

Nearby are the local football team, Sutton Coldfield Town F.C., Maney Hill Primary School, Plantsbrook School, and the Sutton Coldfield campus of Birmingham Metropolitan College.

History
14th century references to this ancient hamlet appear in the National Archives. A windmill was present in the area during the time of Bishop Vesey as a result of the high elevation of Maney Hill in comparison to the other lower lying areas of Sutton.

The area contains several buildings of some antiquity having Grade II listed status. These include:

The Smithy, 78 Birmingham Road; originally a stone built cottage based on a 15th-century cruck frame construction, now used as an art gallery.
The Stone House, St Peters Close, which is thought to be one of the very few remaining stone cottages built by John Vesey, Bishop of Exeter in about 1530.
"Vesey Manor" at 62/64 Birmingham Road, built as two stone cottages in the 16th century, later converted to a farmhouse, and in the late 19th century enlarged and provided with its current frontage.

In World War II, a bomb exploded in the middle of Maney Hill Road. The Beatles played a concert on the 1 February 1963 in St Peter's Church Hall.

In the 1921, Maney Corner in Maney became the first place in the world where a centre white line was painted in a road. This was as a result of reckless driving and numerous collisions on the road.

References

External links
 1889 Ordnance Survey map of Maney

Areas of Birmingham, West Midlands
Sutton Coldfield

Maney


The Bairnsdale railway line is a regional railway in Victoria, Australia. It continues from the Pakenham metropolitan line. The part as far as Warragul used to be run with  Melbourne electric trains, but only for a period during the 1990s. It has 24 stations.

List of stations

Bold stations are terminuses, italic stations are staffed at least part-time (this has been confirmed).

Continues from the Pakenham metropolitan line.

Pakenham
Nar Nar Goon
Tynong
Garfield
Bunyip
Longwarry
Drouin
Warragul
(Nilma, closed)
(Darnum, closed)
Yarragon
Trafalgar
Moe
(Herne's Oak, unmanned crossing loop)
Morwell
Traralgon
(Flynn, Closed)
Rosedale
(Kilmany, Closed)
(Fulham, Closed)
Sale
(Montgomery, Closed)
(Stratford Junction, Closed)
Stratford
(Munro, Closed)
(Fernbank, Closed)
(Lindenow, Closed)
(Hillside, Closed)
Bairnsdale

Branch lines went from Warragul to Noojee, Moe to Walhalla (a 2' 6" line), Thorpdale and Yallourn after the line from Hearne's Oak to Yallourn was closed to allow for a grater expansion of a brown coal mine, Morwell to Mirboo North, Traralgon to Stratford Junction via Maffra, which also included a branch line to Briagolong, and a short branch line from Bairnsdale to Bairnsdale Wharf, all of which have been closed.

As well, several timber tramways existed from many of the stations between Pakenham and Yarragon.

Other websites, maps, and timetables
Traralgon to Melbourne timetable
Bairnsdale to Melbourne timetable
Statistics and detailed schematic map at the vicsig enthusiast website

Victoria, Australia

Bairnsdale railway line, Victoria


In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

This includes:
 electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, visible light, and x-rays
 particle radiation such as α, β, and neutron radiation
 acoustic radiation such as ultrasound, sound
 seismic waves.

Radiation may also refer to the energy, waves, or particles being radiated. Originally, radiation waves do not contain particles as they are transferred to Earth by the Sun for example.

Electromagnetic radiation
Many people are already familiar with electromagnetic radiation (EMR), including light.  The electromagnetic spectrum shows the types of radiation according to their wavelength and frequency. Some kinds are:
 Ionizing radiation comes from radioactive materials and X-ray machines and non-ionizing radiation comes from other sources. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 eV (electronvolts), which is enough to ionize atoms and molecules, and break chemical bonds. This is important for its harmfulness to living organisms. Non-ionizing radiation does not cause microscopic damage, but it can make things hotter and some types can cause chemical changes.
 X-rays and gamma rays: These very strong rays are commonly used in medicine to photograph the interior of the body and treat cancer. However, in large amounts, they are dangerous to life.
 Ultraviolet light: This is a type of radiation with more energy than visible light. It gives people a sunburn. Ultraviolet light is used to kill bacteria.
 Visible light: This is the radiation that we see all around us as what most people call 'light'. It can make chemical changes.
 Infrared waves: Objects at room temperature emit infrared radiation. Although humans cannot see it, special cameras can pick up this kind of radiation.
 Radio waves: This is the kind of electromagnetic radiation with the longest waves.  Radio waves are used to send and receive communications.
 Micro-waves: This kind of radio wave is used by a microwave oven to warm up food. Microwaves are also used for communications, as weapons, and to move electrical power from one place to another.
 Radar waves: This kind of radio wave is used to detect air planes in the sky and ships in the ocean. Radar is also used to see changes in weather.

Danger from radiation
Ionizing radiation is radiation that carries enough energy to free electrons from atoms or molecules.

Only certain types of radiation are harmful to humans. For example, ultraviolet radiation can give people sunburns. X-rays and gamma rays can make a person sick, or even die, depending on the dose they get. Some types of particle radiation can also make people sick and lead to burns. If radiation does not carry high enough levels of energy, though, then these changes will not happen when something is hit by the radiation. This is referred to as non-ionizing radiation, which is not as dangerous.

One can distinguish between various types of radiation by looking at the source of the radiation, its wavelength (if the radiation is electromagnetic), the amount of energy being carried, any particles involved, etc. Radioactive material is a material which emits radiation. Uranium and plutonium are examples of radioactive materials. The atoms they are made of tend to fall apart and give off different kinds of radiation, like gamma rays and lots of particle radiation.

Ionizing radiation by type
Ionizing radiation can kill living things. It can cause genetic mutations, as shown by H.J. Muller. It can destroy cells in the body which divide, and thus indirectly kill a person.
 Alpha radiation, a type of particle radiation made up of the nuclei of helium atoms.
 Beta radiation, another type of particle radiation made up of high energy electrons or positrons.
 Neutron radiation, yet another type of particle radiation made up of high energy neutrons.
 Gamma radiation (Gamma rays), a type of radiation made up of high energy photons.
 X-ray radiation (X-rays), a type of radiation also made up of photons but which typically contain less energy than gamma rays.

Non-ionizing radiation by type
 Ultraviolet radiation, also known as UV.
 Visible light
 Infrared radiation
 Radio waves including
 Microwave radiation
 Gravitational radiation, a predicted consequence of general relativity.
 Sound waves

Related pages
 Background radiation
 Cosmic microwave background radiation, 3K blackbody radiation that fills the Universe
 Laser
 Maser
 Radiation damage – destructive effects on materials and devices
 Radiation poisoning – destructive effects on life forms
 Radiation hardening – making devices resistant to failure in high radiation environments
 Radioactive contamination
 Radioactive decay
 Radiation accidents

References

Basic physics ideas
Wave physics
Nuclear physics

Radiation


The General San Martín Cultural Centre () is a cultural centre located in Buenos Aires, Argentina near the major thoroughfare Corrientes Avenue.

It is run by the city government, and hosts diverse cultural and artistic events. Adjacent to the theatre of the same name inaugurated in 1960 on Corrientes Avenue, the cultural center was designed by local architect Mario Roberto Álvarez, and was built between 1962 and 1970.

The center hosted the National Commission on the Disappeared (CONADEP) in 1984, as well as the first session of the Buenos Aires City Legislature following the devolution of autonomy to the city in 1996, and an extensive renovation began in 2007. Its annual theatre audiences of nearly 350,000 make it the largest public cultural center nationally, and with similar numbers at the privately operated Paseo La Plaza one block west, the 1500 block of Corrientes Avenue is arguably the leading center for the theatre in Latin America.

The cultural centre is named after General José de San Martín, leader of the Argentine War of Independence.

The  building is spread over 12 floors and has different rooms for workshops and courses, including the Buenos Aires Audiovisual Nucleus with over 7,000 documentary works. The principal halls are:
Sala Ernesto Bianco - 70 persons, dances
Sala Enrique Muino - 254 persons, scenic arts
Sala A/B - 750 persons
Sala C - 200 persons
Sala D - 200 persons
Sala E - 200 persons
Sala F - 200 persons
Salón Madres de Plaza de Mayo, 150 persons, for use of Madres de Plaza de Mayo, and others.

At the eastern end of the building there are two small parks– the Plaza de las Américas and the Patio de Esculturas.

References

External links

Art museums and galleries in Argentina
Theatres in Buenos Aires
Culture in Buenos Aires
Buildings and structures in Buenos Aires
Tourist attractions in Buenos Aires
Buildings and structures completed in 1970

Centro Cultural General San Martín


Carter's Grove, also known as Carter's Grove Plantation, is a  plantation located on the north shore of the James River in the Grove Community of southeastern James City County in the Virginia Peninsula area of the Hampton Roads region of Virginia in the United States.

The plantation was built for Carter Burwell, grandson of Robert "King" Carter, and was completed in 1755. It was probably named for both the prominent and wealthy Carter family and nearby Grove Creek. Carter's Grove Plantation was built on the site of an earlier tract known as Martin's Hundred which had first been settled by the English colonists around 1620. In 1976, an archaeological project discovered the site of Wolstenholme Towne, a small settlement downstream a few miles from Jamestown which had been developed in the first 15 years of the Colony of Virginia. The population of the settlement was decimated during the Indian Massacre of 1622.

After hundreds of years of multiple owners and generations of families, and the death of the last resident in 1964, Carter's Grove was added to Colonial Williamsburg Foundation's (CW) properties through a gift from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1969.

Carter's Grove was open to tourists for many years but closed its doors to the public in 2003 while CW redefined its mission and role. Later that year, Hurricane Isabel seriously damaged Carter's Grove Country Road, which had linked the estate directly to the Historic Area, a distance of , bypassing commercial and public roadways. CW then shifted some of the interpretive programs to locations closer to the main Williamsburg Historic Area and announced in late 2006 that it would be offered for sale under specific restrictive conditions, including a conservation easement.

In December 2007, CNET founder Halsey Minor acquired the Georgian style mansion and  for $15.3 million (~$ in ) and announced plans to use it as his home and for a thoroughbred horse breeding program with the Phipps family. The Virginia Outdoors Foundation and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources co-hold the conservation easement on 400 of the 476 acres. However, Minor never lived at the property and filed for personal bankruptcy in 2013. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation submitted the only bid at the auction held on May 21, 2014, for the outstanding mortgage amount, and announced that it planned to resell it, with a price increased because of significant costs related to the sale, including over $600,000 (~$ in ) in necessary repairs. Samuel M. Mencoff, a founder of Madison Dearborn Partners, acquired the property later in 2014.

History

Wolstenholme Towne
In 1620, Wolstenholme Towne was built on the original land grant on the James River known as Martin's Hundred (in what is now James City County, Virginia). It was owned by an investment group of the Virginia Company of London but was later abandoned after losing many of its citizens in the Indian Massacre of 1622.

Robert Carter
Robert Carter (1663–1732) aka "King" Carter, was born in Corotoman in Lancaster County, Virginia. Robert was married to Judith Armistead (1665–1699). He bought some of the land that had been Wolstenholme Towne, when his daughter, Elizabeth Carter (1688–1721) married. Robert retained ownership of the property and Elizabeth was entitled to the income produced by the land.

Elizabeth Carter
Elizabeth Carter of Corotoman, Lancaster County, Virginia (1688–1721) was married to Nathaniel Burwell (1680–1721),  in 1709. Elizabeth and Nathaniel had a son: Carter Burwell (1716–1777).

Carter Burwell
Carter Burwell (1716–1777) inherited the property from his grandfather, and built the current house on what was by then a  estate. Carter married Lucy Ludwell Grymes (1720-?). Lucy was the daughter of John Grymes (1691–1749) and Lucy Ludwell (1698–1748). Carter and Lucy lived in the completed house for six months before Carter died in 1777. Carter had a son, Nathaniel Burwell (1750–1814), who married Susanna Grymes (1752–1788) on November 28, 1772.

Nathaniel Burwell
Colonel Nathaniel Burwell (1750–1814) moved to Carter's Grove in 1771 and raised corn and wheat. Carter's Grove remained in the Burwell family until 1838 when it was sold to Thomas Wynne, grandson of John Wynne (1705-1774).

Edwin G. Booth
Edwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886) bought the Carter's Grove property in 1879, two years before Americans celebrated the hundredth anniversary of George Washington's victory at Yorktown nearby. Booth renovated the mansion and used it to celebrate a reconciliation theme. A "New South" advocate and tireless supporter of railroads and new industry, Booth painted the interior red, white and blue and planted a grove of locust trees on the approach from the land. He also added elaborate porches to the mansion's front and rear. A Virginia lawyer, plantation owner and prewar Whig delegate in the Virginia House of Delegates for Nottoway County, Booth Sr. spent much of the war based in Philadelphia with his second wife and providing assistance to Confederate prisoners. Both his sons who reached adulthood had been Confederate officers, Archer Jones Booth dying in 1864. Dr. Edwin G. Booth Jr. (1839-1922) survived the war in part because the Confederate ship on which he was a naval surgeon was captured in the Battle of Mobile Bay. He inherited Carter's Grove and after the turn of the century bought the George Wythe house in Williamsburg, where he died. His eldest daughter Lucy married Dr. Hugh Smith Cummings, who served as the fifth U.S. Surgeon General (1920-1935). The family's papers are held by the library of the University of Virginia.

T. Percival Bisland
New York businessman and investor in silver mining bought Carter's Grove in 1907. He rehabilitated the property with the assistance of New York architect William W. Tyree, removing one of the Booth era porches, adding window screens, indoor toilets, central heat and a modern kitchen in a flanking dependency joined to the mansion by an enclosed gallery. However, by the fall of 1910, both he and his wife died, so the property languished under absentee owners.

Archibald McCrea
Archibald McCrea, a Pittsburgh industrialist, bought the dilapidated mansion in 1928. He and his wife, Mary "Mollie" Corling (Johnston) Dunlop McCrea, originally of Petersburg, restored the mansion, and substantially modernized and expanded it under the guidance of Richmond architect Duncan Lee who designed several of the stately homes along Monument Avenue. These renovations significantly changed the appearance of the mansion. As originally built Carter's Grove had a low hip roof similar to Wilton, the McCreas had the roof raised and added dormer windows for additional rooms on the upper floor which gave the house a roofline similar to the mansion at Westover Plantation.

Archibald McCrea died in 1937, but his widow lived on at Carter's Grove another 25 years. Soon after her death, it was purchased from her estate and transferred to the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.

Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
From 1969 to 2007, Carter's Grove was operated by the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, and was open to the public for most of those years. In the 1970s, archaeological discoveries uncovered the remains of the circa 1620 Wolstenholme Towne fortified settlement on the property (which was substantially wiped out by the Indian Massacre of 1622, and soon thereafter abandoned). Wolstenholme Towne and slave quarters from a later period were partially restored to represent their respective periods during the almost 400-year history of the property.

It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971.

However, while inclusion of a Colonial-era plantation was part of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s aspirations for Colonial Williamsburg, the practical challenge with Carter's Grove was that it did not connect directly with the focus on presenting Revolutionary-era Williamsburg and was unable to attract sufficient audiences. Audience development—the appeal to rising generations—is fundamental to the Foundation.

On January 2, 2003, the site was closed to the public to save operating funds saying:
The main house at Carter's Grove is furnished as it was in 1928, and does not fit into the time period of Colonial Williamsburg.
Colonial Williamsburg is  away and few visitors make the journey to the plantation.
Closer to the downtown Williamsburg area, Colonial Williamsburg operates the Great Hopes Plantation which can easily be reached by the pedestrian traffic from the restored area.

An additional hardship in the physical linking between the Historic Area of Colonial Williamsburg and Carter's Grove Plantation was severe weather damage to bucolic Carter's Grove Country Road in James City County during Hurricane Isabel later in 2003. The storm destroyed many trees along the paved road, which is located almost entirely on private property, and required much of it to be semi-permanently closed, pending funding for costly repairs. (Since the hurricane, the Carter's Grove Plantation property continued to be physically accessible by its main entrance on U.S. Route 60 in Grove, Virginia, although still closed to the public).

In 2006, completing a four-year evaluation, CW concluded that the best approach to Carter's Grove was to offer it in a fully protected sale. This was to include restrictions to ensure protection of the James River view shed, wetlands and forest, exterior and interior architecture, and archaeological sites on the property as well as prohibit residential and commercial development. On March 31, 2007, Colonial Williamsburg announced that it would be listing Carter's Grove with a real estate company based in Charlottesville, Virginia, for $19 million (~$ in ).

2007 and beyond
Colonial Williamsburg put Carter's Grove up for sale, asking $19 million.

On December 19, 2007, it was publicly announced that Carter's Grove, its Georgian style mansion and  had been acquired for $15.3 million by CNET founder Halsey Minor, a Virginia native and entrepreneur. Per the press release from the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation the new owner "plans to use the mansion as a private residence and use the site as a center for a thoroughbred horse-breeding program."

Colonial Williamsburg did not include the contents of the plantation in the sale. The contents, instead, were sold May 17–18, 2008, by Northeast Auctions at auction in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

A conservation easement on the mansion and 400 of the  is co-held by the Virginia Outdoors Foundation and the Virginia Department of Historic Resources.

Carter's Grove Country Road was never fully restored after the damage from Hurricane Isabel in 2003. The easternmost portion remains part of the Carter's Grove proper, subject to land conservation covenants. The portion west to Mounts Bay Road reverted to Kingsmill Properties. The section west of Mounts Bay Road continues to be owned by Colonial Williamsburg.

Halsey Minor made no changes to Carter's Grove, and he stopped making mortgage payments in 2010, announcing he owed $12 million (~$ in ) in debts. Carter's Grove LLC went into bankruptcy and a federal judge appointed Stan Samorajczyk as trustee to make repairs and sell the property. The leaking roof and inoperable environmental control system had caused deterioration. Thus, in 2013 the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation and Virginia Department of Historic Resources supervised repairs by The Roofing & Remodeling Company, including replacing leaky flashing around 40 dormers, six chimneys and eight brick walls, installing new copper flashings in accordance with National Slate Association specifications; replaced flashings on the ridges and hips of the roof, as well as replacing some slates. The Martin's Hundred artifacts had been feared lost, but were saved.

In February 2012 Dominion Virginia Power gave notice that the company planned to construct a 7+ mile, 500 kV Extra-High Voltage transmission line from their Surry Nuclear Power Plant in Surry, Virginia, across the James River to a planned switching station, just east of Carter's Grove. The river crossing will be supported on 17 lattice-type transmission towers, four of which will stand 295' above the river surface, nearly as tall as the Statue of Liberty. This has sparked significant opposition from historic preservationists who are concerned that these towers will mar the view from Carters Grove, and the nearby Colonial Parkway.

See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in James City County, Virginia

Notes

References

External links

Real estate listing (April 2007) with McLean-Faulconer

Historic American Buildings Survey in Virginia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Carter's Grove Plantation
Carter's Grove Plantation
James River plantations
National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
Carter family residences
Houses completed in 1755
Georgian architecture in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in James City County, Virginia
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
Burwell family of Virginia

Carter's Grove


The Edgar Centre is a large multi-purpose indoor sports venue in South Dunedin, New Zealand, on the shore of Otago Harbour close to Andersons Bay Inlet. It is the home venue of the Otago Nuggets basketball team, and an alternate venue for the Southern Steel netball team. The centre also hosts a wide variety of other sports events and community events such as auctions and fairs, and is owned by the Dunedin City Council.

The building is named after Dunedin millionaire and philanthropist Eion Edgar. Originally a wool-store, it was purchased and converted by the Dunedin City Council at a cost of NZ$2.5 million, of which 20% was provided by Edgar. The building was officially opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 1995, and won the Hillary Commission's 1996 Win-Win Facility Award. Extensions were carried out during 1996, which included the addition of a seminar room, refreshment facilities, foyer, and control rooms. In 2005, extra work was carried out, extending the playing area with the addition of the Lion Foundation Arena (now renamed the MoreFM Arena), which also includes a medical centre and enlarged viewing areas. The Arena is also used for functions and events, hosting up to 1,600 dinner guests.

The centre contains five ASF Hormer PR1 Messemate timber floor courts suitable and marked for netball, basketball, and volleyball. It can be set up to provide 5 basketball courts, 21 netball courts, or 16 indoor tennis courts. Nets are also available for cricket training. In 2007 the centre hosted a Davis Cup tie with Pacific Oceania. The main arena at the Edgar Centre is the More FM Arena (formerly the Lion Foundation Arena), which is the home venue of the Otago Nuggets basketball team and one of the home venues of the Southern Steel netball franchise.

At 14.4 hectares, the centre is the largest single-building indoor sports arena in the Southern Hemisphere.

References

External links

Edgar Centre website

Netball venues in New Zealand
Sports venues in Dunedin
Southern Steel

Edgar Centre


USS Arenac (APA-128) was a  in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946. She was scrapped in 1974.

History
Arenac was of the VC2-S-AP5 Victory ship design type and was named for Arenac County, Michigan. She was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (MCV hull 44) on 9 July 1944 at Wilmington, California, by the California Shipbuilding Corporation; launched on 14 September 1944; sponsored by Mrs. L.D. Worsham; delivered to the Moore Dry Dock Company, Oakland, California, on 24 September 1944 for completion; acquired by the U.S. Navy and placed in commission, 8 January 1945.

After shakedown and amphibious training exercises off San Diego, California, Arenac took on a load of cargo and departed for Hawaii.  On 3 February 1945, Arenac was designated the flagship for Combat Transport Division (COMTRANSDIV) 68, under the command of Commodore Chauncey Crutcher.  She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 17 March 1945 and during the next two months operated out of Pearl Harbor carrying personnel and cargo to Eniwetok and Guam.

On 12 May, Arenac arrived at Ulithi, Caroline Islands, and there embarked troops and took on supplies for support of the invasion of Okinawa.  She got underway for that island on 23 May and anchored in waters off Okinawa on the 27th.  While awaiting clearance to proceed to the beaches to unload her cargo Arenac underwent frequent alerts for enemy air attack.  She moored off Hagushi Beach on 3 June, finished unloading her cargo and passengers by the 5th, and then began taking on personnel for evacuation from Okinawa.  The transport left the area on 6 June and set a course for Saipan.

Arenac paused at Saipan on the 12th to discharge a few of her passengers, continued on to Guam on the 13th, and remained in port there for six days before returning to Saipan on 20 June.  She then began preparations to return to Okinawa.  After a stop at Ulithi en route, the vessel arrived back at Okinawa on 5 July.

Following discharge of her cargo, Arenac got underway on 8 July to return to the West Coast of the United States.  Port calls at Saipan and Guam preceded the transport's arrival at San Francisco, California, on 28 July.  Three days later, the vessel entered a shipyard at Richmond, California for an intermediate maintenance availability.  She resumed operations on 11 August and made a course for Pearl Harbor.  While the ship was en route, she received word of Japan's capitulation ending World War II.  Arenac arrived in Hawaiian waters on the 17th and took on personnel for passage to the western Pacific.  She set sail for Eniwetok on the 20th and after a brief pause at that atoll, stood out to sea to rendezvous with a convoy bound for Ulithi.

Arenac reached Ulithi on 31 August.  She got underway for the Philippines four days later and arrived at Manila on 9 September.  She debarked her passengers there before moving on to San Fabian, Luzon, on the 18th to take on cargo and embarked troops (3/161 Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division) for transportation to Japan.  The ship set sail on 1 October and arrived at Wakayama, Japan on 7 October.  However, before her passengers went ashore, she was ordered out of the area because of an approaching typhoon. The ship finally put into port at Nagoya, Japan, on 28 October and proceeded to debark her troops for occupation duty.  On that same day, the transport was assigned to Service Force, Pacific Fleet for Operation Magic Carpet, transporting "high-point" military personnel from Japan and the Philippines to the West Coast of the United States for discharge.

After off-loading passengers and equipment at Nagoya, Arenac set a course for the Philippines on 30 October 1945, and arrived at Guiuan, Samar on 4 November.  "High-point" Navy and Army personnel were loaded for transport to San Francisco for discharge, but while en route, Arenac was diverted to Seattle, Washington instead, and arrived there on 25 November 1945.

After necessary voyage repairs and a period of liberty for the crew, Arenac resumed operations. On 8 December 1945, she got underway for Nagoya, Japan but was diverted en route to the Naval Base at Sasebo on the island of Kyushu, Japan, arriving on 31 December 1945.  The ship debarked the Navy replacement passengers, then four days later departed for Nagoya, arriving on 6 January 1946, embarking veterans for return to stateside and discharge.  Arenac made three round-trip Pacific crossings in this service.  The Operation Magic Carpet assignment was completed in March 1946, and the ship was ordered to the East Coast of the United States for deactivation.  The transport transited the Panama Canal and then continued on to Norfolk, Virginia.

Proceeding to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, Virginia on 8 April 1946 and then the Naval Mine Depot at Yorktown, Virginia, Arenac was decommissioned on 10 July 1946.  She was transferred to the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River Group at Fort Eustis, Virginia.

Fate
On 14 January 1959, the ship was transferred to the Maritime Administration at the same location. Her name was struck from the Navy List on 1 October 1958.  On 21 August 1974 she was sold to Consolidated Steel Corporation, for US$298,999, to be scrapped. At 1425 EDT, on 25 October 1974 she was withdrawn from the Reserve Fleet and sent to the breaker's yard.

Awards
Arenac earned one battle star for her World War II service.
The USS Arenac earned campaign streamers for:
- American Campaign
- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign

Additional Awards:
- World War II Victory Medal
- Navy Occupation Service Medal w/ Japan Clasp (for the period 3 Oct 45 to 2 Nov 45 for the occupation landings at Nagoya, Japan)

References

- National Archives USS Arenac (APA-128) Deck Logs August 1945 to December 1945 https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/special-list-44-named
- National Archives Action Report Landing at Nagoya, Honshu, Japan & TransRon 20 War Diary September 1945
- National Archives TransDiv 68 War Diary November 1945
- National Archives USS Arenac (APA-128) War Diaries February 1945 to October 1945

External links

navsource.org: USS Arenac APA-128

Victory ships
Ships built in Los Angeles
Haskell-class attack transports
Arenac County, Michigan
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Troop ships
1944 ships

USS Arenac


webpage (or web page) is a document from the internet which can be seen with a web browser.  Web pages each have a URL or address, which is how a page is found, and is different for every page.  When a webpage is part of a larger group of pages managed by a company, person, or organization, it is part of a website.

Pages can have words, pictures, videos, and links. Links are ways to get to other web pages.

For example, this article is a webpage. It has the URL https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webpage, and is part of the Wikipedia website.  It has words and links.  The links in this page are shown in blue and can be clicked to go to other webpages.

Technology
Web pages are usually stored in HTML code which describes what to show on the page like words or pictures. Web pages also use two other types of code to tell the page how to work:
 Cascading Style Sheets (or CSS) is a code used to tell the page how to look.
 JavaScript (or JS) is used to change the words, style, or pictures on the page.

Internet

Webpage


The Wadensday is the day o the week atween Tysday an Fuirsday. Its name comes fae the Auld Inglis Ƿódnesdæȝ, meanin the day o Woden. The astrological sign o the warld Mercury represents Wadensday, an wis Dies Mercurii tae the Romans. In Scots, this becam Woden's Day acause the Roman god Mercury wis identified wi the Germanic god Woden in northren Europe.

Whan Sunday is taen as the first day o the week, the day in the middle o the eftergangin week is Wadensday. In the German, the name for Wadensday haes been Mittwoch (literally: "mid-week") sin the 10t century, cause it displaced the oreiginal name: Wodanstag.

Wadensday is in the middle o the common warkin week fae Monanday tae Fryday forby. Hooivver, see Fuirsday an ISO 8601.

In the popular rime, "Wadensday's bairn is fou wi wae".

In the Spaingie, miércoles is uised tae mean Wadensday, bit forby a hauf-rude euphemism for niver iver.

A Inglis leid eediom for Wadensday is "hump day", a reference tae makkin it throu the middle o the warkweek as gettin "ower the hump".

The name for the day in Arabic, Armenian, Georgian, Greek, Ebreu an Portuguese is "fowert day". Quakers tradeitionally caas Wadensday the "Fowert Day" an aw, eschewin the "heathen" oreegin o the name "Wadensday".

Popular cultur
The film Angel Hert includes a scene whaur Harry Angel refers tae Wadensday as "Oniething can happen day" in reference tae the original Mickey Moose Club televeision programme.

Days

Wadensday