Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy, titular King of Mann, KG, Lord Marshal (10 November 134120 February 1408) was the son of Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy, and a descendant of Henry III of England. His mother was Mary of Lancaster, daughter of Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund, Earl of Leicester and Lancaster, who was the son of Henry III.

Life

Henry Percy was originally a follower of Edward III of England, for whom he held high offices in the administration of northern England. At a young age, he was made Warden of the Marches towards Scotland in 1362, with the authority to negotiate with the Scottish government. In February 1367, he was entrusted with the supervision of all castles and fortified places in the Scottish marches. He went on to support King Richard II, was formally created an Earl on Richard's coronation in 1377, and was briefly given the title of Marshal of England. Between 1383 and 1384, he was appointed Admiral of the Northern Seas. After Richard elevated his rival Ralph Neville to the position of Earl of Westmorland in 1397, Percy and his son, also Henry and known as "Hotspur", supported the rebellion of Henry Bolingbroke, who became King as Henry IV.

On King Henry IV's coronation, Henry Percy was appointed Constable of England and granted the lordship of the Isle of Man. Percy and Hotspur were given the task of subduing the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but their attempts to make peace with the Welsh rebels did not meet with the king's approval.

Rebellion
In September 1402 the Percys took part in the Battle of Homildon Hill, which led to the capture of many Scots nobles. Henry did not want them to be ransomed, leading to another quarrel.
In 1403 the Percys turned against Henry IV in favour of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, and then conspired with Owain Glyndŵr against Henry. The Percy rebellion failed at the Battle of Shrewsbury, where Hotspur was killed.  Since the earl did not directly participate in the rebellion, he was not convicted of treason. However, he lost his office as Constable.

In 1405 all three parties signed the Tripartite Indenture, which divided England up between them. Glyndŵr was to be given Wales, and a substantial part of the west of England, Northumberland was to have received the north of England, as well as Northamptonshire, Norfolk, Warwickshire, and Leicestershire. The Mortimers were to have received the rest of southern England, below the river Trent.

Later in 1405 Percy supported Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York, in another rebellion, after which Percy fled to Scotland, and his estates were confiscated by the king.

In 1408 Percy invaded England in rebellion once more and was killed at the Battle of Bramham Moor. His severed head was subsequently put on display at London Bridge.

Marriages and issue

In 1358, he married Margaret Neville (12 February 133912 May 1372), daughter of Ralph Neville, 2nd Baron Neville de Raby, and Alice de Audley. They had four sons (Harry "Hotspur" Percy, Thomas, Ralph, and Alan) and one daughter (Margaret).

In 1381, he married Maud Lucy (134318 December 1398), daughter of Sir Thomas de Lucy, 2nd Baron Lucy, and Margaret de Multon, and thus sister and heiress of Anthony Lucy, 3rd Baron Lucy (died 1368), of Cockermouth Castle, Cumbria, which estate he inherited on condition that he and his heirs male should bear the arms of Lucy (Gules, three lucies hauriant argent) quarterly with their own. They had no issue.

In literature and media

Northumberland is a major character in Shakespeare's Richard II, Henry IV, part 1, and Henry IV, part 2.

His position as a character in the Shakespearean canon inspired the character of Lord Percy Percy, heir to the duchy of Northumberland in the historical sitcom The Black Adder, set during the very late Plantagenet era.

The novel Lion of Alnwick by Carol Wensby-Scott is the first volume of the Percy Saga trilogy which retells the story of "the wild and brilliant Percy family" and relates a fictionalised account of the lives of the 1st Earl of Northumberland and his son Henry "Hotspur" Percy.  The other novels in the trilogy, Lion Dormant and Lion Invincible tell the story of his other descendants and their role in the English War of the Roses.

Henry Percy and his son Hotspur are also essential characters in Edith Pargeter's novel, A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury which recounts the events leading up to the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403.

He is a major character in My Lord John by Georgette Heyer.

Ancestry

References

Sources
Rymer, Thomas Foedera, The Hague, 1739
Beltz, G.F. Memorials of the most noble Order of the Garter, from its foundation to the present time London 1841
Doyle, J.W.E, The Official Baronage of England London 1886
Jean Froissart, Chronicles

Further reading
Towson, Kris Henry Percy, first earl of Northumberland : ambition, conflict and cooperation in late mediaeval England St Andrews PhD Thesis, 2005.
Rose, Alexander Kings in the North – The House of Percy in British History. Phoenix/Orion Books Ltd, 2002,  (722 pages paperback)

1341 births
1408 deaths
14th-century English Navy personnel
14th-century English nobility
15th-century English nobility
1
English admirals
English military personnel killed in action
Percy, Henry, 1st Earl of Northumberland
Garter Knights appointed by Edward III
Monarchs of the Isle of Man
Henry Percy, 01 Earl of Northumberland
Percy, Henry, 1st Earl of Northumberland
High Sheriffs of Northumberland
Male Shakespearean characters
Monarchs killed in action

Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland


Genocide is the crime of killing many people who are all part of one ethnic or religious group, or some sort of similar group, and trying to destroy that group. Genocide is done usually by a group, such as a government, or military group, not by one person or a small number of people. Usually, the motivation for genocide is based on political reason.

The word genocide was made up by Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jew, in 1944, from the words "genos" (Greek for family, tribe or race) and "-cide" (from the Latin "occidere", to kill). It was first used to the Nazi Holocaust, when many groups, including Jews and others, were killed.

Ustashe of Croatia are another example of genocidial horror. About a million of Serbs were killed during WWII in Ustashe death camps especially in Jasenovac. Another example of genocide was when about a million of the Tutsi group of people of Rwanda were killed along with Hutus who were against the genocide in 1994.

In 1933 Lemkin made a speech to the Legal Council of the League of Nations conference on international criminal law in Madrid, for which he prepared an essay on the Crime of Barbarity as a crime against international law. The purpose of the crime, which later evolved into the idea of genocide, was based mostly on the experience of Assyrians massacred in Iraq on 11 August 1933. The event in Iraq reminded him of earlier similar events of the Armenian Genocide during World War I.

Today, any genocide is prohibited by the Genocide Convention and actor or inciter of genocide is judged by the International Criminal Court.

Examples
Today most people see the following events as genocide. Note that the events listed are just examples.
Herero and Namaqua Genocide
Armenian Genocide
Holocaust
Nanking Massacre
Cambodian Genocide
Rwandan Genocide
Darfur conflict
Srebrenica massacre

References

Ethnicity

Genocide


Hellinikon Stadium is a stadium located at the Hellinikon Olympic Complex in Hellinikon, Athens, located approximately 8 kilometres south of the center of Athens, near Glyfada on the Aegean Sea coast. Ethnikos Piraeus F.C. currently plays its home matches there.

The complex was built on the site of the former Hellinikon International Airport for the staging of the 2004 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Paralympics and consisted of the following venues: Hellinikon Indoor Arena (Basketball and Team handball); Hellinikon Fencing Hall; Olympic Hockey Stadium (Field hockey); Helliniko Baseball Centre; Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium; and Hellinikon Slalom Centre (Whitewater slalom).

After the Olympics
The Olympic Baseball Centre's main stadium underwent renovations for football use, and Ethnikos began playing matches there during the 2007–08 season; the team played its first official match in its new home on October 20, 2007. The facility became known as Hellinikon Stadium, and is commonly referred to as Helliniko.

The complex also includes new training pitches for both Ethnikos' first team and youth team.

Ahead of the 2008–09 season renovations continued and seating capacity was increased to 10,000.

It is currently used as a refugee camp for those awaiting processing in Greece.

See also
 Hellinikon Olympic Complex

References

External links

2004 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 269.
Olympicproperties.gr profile.

Buildings and structures completed in 2004
Football venues in Greece
Baseball in Greece
Baseball venues in Europe
Venues of the 2004 Summer Olympics
Stadium
A.O. Glyfada
Olympic baseball venues

Hellinikon Stadium


Matthew Broderick (born Mairch 21, 1962) is an American film, stage an vyce actor who, amang ither roles, played the title character in Ferris Bueller's Day Off, vyced Simba in The Lion King, an portrayed Leo Bloom in the Hollywid an Broadway productions o The Producers.

He haes wan twa Tony Awairds, ane in 1983 for his featured role in the play Brighton Beach Memoirs an ane in 1995 for his leadin role in the muisical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. He wis an aa nominated for the Tony Awaird, Best Actor in a Musical, for The Producers but lost tae his co-star Nathan Lane. , Broderick is the youngest winner o the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play.

1962 births
Livin fowk
Male actors frae New York Ceety
American male film actors
American male sangsters
American male muisical theatre actors
American fowk o Erse strynd
American fowk o German-Jewish strynd
American fowk o Pols-Jewish strynd
American fowk o Inglis strynd
American male stage actors
American male vyce actors
Jewish American male actors
Tony Awaird winners
Fowk frae Manhattan
20t-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors

Matthew Broderick


A pipette is a glass tube used for moving a specific volume of a solution.

A smaller, less accurate version, known as a teat pipette is made of plastic and is filled by squeezing a plastic bubble at the top.

A pipette used for the delivery of small fractions of a milliliter of a liquid is called a micropipette.

Accurate pipettes
Piston-driven air displacement pipettes, or 'micropipettes', are the most accurate and precise pipettes. They handle liquid in the microliter scale, and are used in biology and biochemistry,

Laboratory equipment

Pipette


Salter College was a for-profit junior college with locations in West Boylston and Chicopee, Massachusetts.  It was owned by Premier Education Group.

History
Salter began as the Salter School in 1937, when Dorothy Salter opened a secretarial school.  It was originally located on Cedar Street in Worcester, Massachusetts.  The school's offerings expanded over time, and in 2002 the school was bought by Premier Education Group.  "Salter College" was launched by Premier in 2007 with a new facility in West Boylston.  The college awarded its first three associate degrees in June 2008.

Salter College is a private two-year college with programs in business, health care, and computers. It was accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) to award degrees and certificates.  Salter College Medical Assisting Certificate program was accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (www.caahep.org) upon recommendation of the Curriculum Review Board of the American Association of Medical Assistant Endowment (AAMAE).

The college had two locations, the original in West Boylston, and one in Chicopee, Massachusetts which opened in August 2011 in a building which had previously been the site of a strip club before being renovated for educational use.

Enrollment controversy
The Massachusetts Attorney General brought claims against Salter College alleging deceptive enrollment tactics. An investigation by the state government found that Salter had engaged in dubious marketing tactics and false promises to lure students into its health-related training programs. Salter, together with the Salter Schools, settled the claims in 2014 for $3.75 million.

References

External links

Universities and colleges established in 1937
Private universities and colleges in Massachusetts
Universities and colleges in Worcester County, Massachusetts
1937 establishments in Massachusetts

Salter College


The flag of Malawi was adopted on 6 July 1964. It was made when Nyasaland was made independent from Great Britain, and renamed itself Malawi.

Design
The flag is made of three colored stripes, which are red, black, and green. On the top stripe, there is a red sun, with 31 rays. The rising sun means hope and freedom for Africa . The 31 rays of the sun mean that Malawi was the 31st country to have independence. The black means the people of Africa. The red means the blood of their struggle to be free, and the green means nature.

Flag from 2010-2012
A new flag of Malawi was made on July 29, 2010. The stripes were changed from the first flag to match the Pan-African Flag, with the red stripe at the top, the black stripe in middle, and the green stripe at the bottom. The sun at the top was replaced with a white sun in the middle. This sun had 45 rays, that meant the economic growth Malawi has made since being independent. The flag was approved by the President of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika, on July 29, 2010. The people of Malwai didn't want to change the flag, but the government kept going through the process of having it. The flag was nicknamed "Bingu's flag" by the peoplen who saw it as a fake flag. Many didn't like the flag, seeing it as bad for the nation.

On 28 May 2012, President Joyce Banda changed the flag back to the first flag.
Malawi
National symbols of Malawi

Flag of Malawi


Boophis baetkei is a species of frog in the family Mantellidae. It is endemic to northern Madagascar and only known from its type locality on the eastern edge of the Fôret d'Ambre Special Reserve in the Antsiranana Province. It is an arboreal species that was found in a heavily disturbed transitional forest (characterized also as relatively dry rainforest). It is threatened by severe habitat loss occurring in the area of its type locality.

References

baetkei
Amphibians described in 2008
Endemic frogs of Madagascar

Boophis baetkei


His Grace or Her Grace is a style of address used for various high-ranking persons. It was the style used to address the King or Queen of Scots up to the Act of Union of 1707.  It was also used to address monarchs of England before Henry VIII. Today, the style is used when referring to dukes and duchesses in the United Kingdom, who are not members of the royal family. Your Grace would be used in spoken or written address. Royal dukes, for example The Duke of York, are addressed with their higher royal title, Royal Highness.

Examples
 His Grace The Duke of Ormonde.
His Grace The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
His Grace The Duke of Marlborough. The title of the Spencer-Churchill family from which Winston Churchill descends.
His Grace The Duke of Bedford.

Ecclesiastical usage
The style "His Grace" and "Your Grace" is used in England and other English-speaking countries to address Roman Catholic archbishops. This is not common in other countries (for example in France and the United States Roman Catholic bishops are addressed using the style "Excellency"). In the Eastern Orthodox Church it is used for bishops and abbots. The style is also used for an archbishop and some bishops in the Anglican Church.  In the United Methodist Church in the United States, bishops are addressed "Your Grace" (spoken style, and "His/Her Grace" (reference style). In the Church of God in Christ, the Presiding Bishop's style is "His Holy Grace" and "Your Holy Grace". The bishop's reference style is "His Eminence" and the spoken style is "Your Eminence".

International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON—Hare Krishna) devotees prefix the name of their founder, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, with "His Divine Grace".

In Islam several Sufi orders (such as the Qadrianis and Hawariyun) may refer to their spiritual Grand Masters with the epithet "(Most) Graceful ..." or "His Grace" in reference style while the spoken style is "(Most) Graceful".

Other British dukedoms that use the style

Lennox
Rutland
Richmond
Rutland
Norfolk
Portland
Grafton
Devonshire
Somerset
Westminster
Bedford

Notes

References

Styles (manners of address)

Grace (style)


Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (born 88/89 BC, died 12/13 BC) was a Roman politician. He was one of the closest men to Julius Caesar. He was Caesar's deputy in Rome when Caesar was away from Rome defeating Pompey in the battle of Pharsalus in Greece. He served as Pontifex Maximus (High Priest) after Caesar's death.

Together with Octavian and Mark Antony he formed the Second Triumvirate to oppose the conspirators. The Triumvirate was set up to sideline the Consuls and Senate, which means it was the effective end of the Roman Republic.

Lepidus was older than the other two triumvirs. After the Battle of Philippi, he governed Spain and part of North Africa. He was blamed for a revolt in Sicily. This gave Octavian the excuse to strip him of his offices, except for Pontifex Maximus. He died peacefully in Circeii in Italy about end 12 to early 13 BC.

80s BC births
10s BC deaths
Roman politicians

Marcus Aemilius Lepidus


MLB.com is the official site of Major League Baseball and is overseen by Major League Baseball Advanced Media, L.P. (a subsidiary of MLB). MLB.com is a source of baseball-related information, including baseball news, statistics, and sports columns. MLB.com is also a commercial site, providing online streaming video and streaming audio broadcasts of all Major League Baseball games to paying subscribers, as well as "gameday", a near-live streaming box score of baseball games for free. In addition, MLB.com sells official baseball merchandise, allows users to buy tickets to baseball games, runs fantasy baseball leagues, and runs auctions of baseball memorabilia. In association with HB Studios, MLB.com has also developed recent R.B.I. Baseball installments.

MLB.tv
MLB.tv is an American subscription based audio and video service which through two different service tiers allows users to listen and watch HD quality out of market Major League Baseball games live via a high-speed Internet connection (subject to blackout restrictions). Currently users can subscribe to the "MLB.tv All Teams" package which access to every MLB teams live feeds as well as in-game highlights and stats and live DVR control, full game archives and pitch widget. The other option, the "MLB.tv Single Team" gives subscribers access to a single MLB team's live audio and video feeds (subject to blackout restrictions) as well as in-game highlights, stats and live DVR controls.

Previously MLB.tv services were offered as a "Basic" and "Premium" tiers with basic receiving only HD quality audio and video on their desktop or laptop devices whereas the Premium subscribers were given access to live game audio and video on desktop and laptop as well as on mobile devices such as Android or iOS devices through a free subscription to the At-Bat mobile app and through certain connected devices including smart televisions, Blu-ray players, TiVo DVRs, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. MLB.TV has since eliminated these restrictions and now users of both the "All Teams" and "Single Team" tier can share the same access including new access via an Amazon Fire TV, Google Chromecast and Roku devices.

Starting with the 2012 season MLB.TV Premium had begun a service called Audio Overlay which allows the user to replace the video's home or away audio with the audio feed from the home or away radio feed (Away team audio overlay is only available to MLB.TV Premium subscribers) or Park which removes all audio commentary and lets the viewer hear the ball park's natural sounds. As with MLB's Extra Innings cable and satellite television service, normal blackout restrictions apply where applicable, see below. This service has since been discontinued starting with the new subscription tier.

MLB.tv Mosaic

Mosaic was a downloadable program which provided features not available when streaming through a web browser. It was only available to subscribers of MLB.tv Premium. Live games were shown, and on-demand games available for a period of two days previous to the current date. Major League Baseball has not used MLB.tv Mosaic since the 2008 season.

Mosaic allowed you to show multiple games at once, and provided the following viewing modes:

 6 games tiled across the screen
 4 games tiled across the screen
 One main game, with 2 games tiled on the right hand side
 One main game, with 3 games tiled on the right hand side
 One main game (which can be made full-screen)

When set on one main game, team information was shown to the right hand side of the game, including team line-ups, the boxscore, and team statistics. Users could also view their "player tracker", which would alert the user when a player in their chosen player list was active in a game.

Beginning with the 2009 season, Mosaic functionality was largely incorporated into the main viewing mode. Multiple-game viewing has been retained, with a choice of one, two side to side, two (one in the main window and one in a secondary 'picture in picture' mode), and four-game mode available.

MLB Big Inning
MLB Big Inning is a feature of MLB.tv, which presents whiparound coverage of MLB games that air on the MLB.tv service, including live action and highlights. The service was introduced in 2021, and airs every weeknight. Alexa Datt is the host of the show. The broadcast is occasionally simulcast on MLB Network.

The service is similar to the existing MLB Strike Zone service; both services air a similar whiparound format.

Blackout restrictions
MLB.com has been providing live and archived streaming video since the 2002 baseball season with only audio available before that. MLB games in the United States, Canada, South Korea, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands are subject to blackout restrictions. In Guam all of the live Los Angeles Dodgers and Oakland A's games are blackout for the entire season. Games are blacked out to all users within the theoretical home television territory assigned to each team, irrespective of whether local television stations carry local games of those teams. Contractual stipulations with Fox and ESPN respectively mean that regular season Saturday games scheduled before 1900 EST (beginning 20 May 2006) and Sunday games scheduled after 17:00 EST are blacked out throughout the United States. During the post-season, all games are blacked out in the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands. In all other countries and territories, no exclusivity rights have been granted and MLB.com is able to broadcast all games. MLB Gameday Audio does not have blackout restrictions.

Any game that is blacked out (for any reason) is made available as an archived game approximately 90 minutes after the conclusion of each game.

MLB.com can check a viewer's origin by using IP address information, but some users have reported inaccuracy of the ISP-based targeting used, thus leaving many fans unable to watch games on MLB.com.

MLB.com At Bat

MLB.com At Bat was a mobile application available for different platforms including iOS (a universal app which works on iPhone and iPod Touch), iPadOS, Android, BlackBerry, and HP TouchPad/webOS. The iOS application featured "live audio, in-game video highlights, pitch-by-pitch live data and more." (Users may view live games if they log in with MLB.tv subscriptions.) The BlackBerry and Android application featured "real-time scores, live audio, in-game highlights and more." The application was free (although it required a subscription to MLB.TV to unlock its full functionality) and was available on the App Store, Google Play, and BlackBerry App World stores. MLB distributes a new application for each season; the 2012 version was the first to be available free of charge. Later the app's functionality was integrated into the standard MLB app, and it has since been removed.

A social networking app, MLB Ballpark, is also available. The free app allows fans to view ballpark maps, post to assorted social networking sites (via 'checking in' when they attend games), and in some ballparks, order concessions directly from their mobile devices.

MLB.com Fantasy
MLB.com Fantasy has many games and simulations, including Beat the Streak. Beat the Streak is a game where a player is picked for each day, and if that player gets at least one hit, one's streak continues. The goal is to reach a 57-game streak (one more than Joe DiMaggio's famed 56-game streak), to win a grand total of $5.6 million. The contest has never had a winner in its 17-year history, despite some tweaks to make the goal more attainable.

History
Major League Baseball's previous website was at www.MajorLeagueBaseball.com. The MLB.com domain name was originally registered in 1994 by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, a Philadelphia-based law firm. In September 2000, Morgan Lewis & Bockius agreed to transfer the domain name to Major League Baseball. The longer address remains as a redirect to MLB.com to prevent cybersquatting.

Customer service complaints
According to the Better Business Bureau:
"Consumers previously reported to the BBB their subscriptions were automatically renewed with MLB Advanced Media even though they had cancelled their plans within the specified cancellation period. MLB Advanced Media has taken steps to address these concerns by adding more prominent disclosures and an opt-out feature."

In 2009, opening week games were not available as archives, and users reported limited High Definition service available.

References

External links

Internet television channels
Major League Baseball mass media

MLB.com


A sabretache (derived from ) is a flat bag or pouch, which was worn suspended from the belt of a cavalry soldier together with the sabre.

Origins
The sabretache is derived from a traditional Hungarian horseman's flat leather bag called a tarsoly. Early examples have been found in the tombs of Magyar warriors from the 10th century Conquest of Pannonia. They were often strengthened and decorated with silver plates and would have contained fire-making tools and other essentials.

Military use
In the early 18th century, hussar cavalry became popular amongst the European powers, and a tarsoly was often a part of the accoutrements. The German name sabretache was adopted, tache meaning "pocket". It fulfilled the function of a pocket, which were absent from the tight fitting uniform of the hussar style. Part of the wartime function of the light cavalry was to deliver orders and dispatches; the sabertache was well suited to hold these. The large front flap was usually heavily embroidered with a royal cypher or regimental crest, and could be used as a firm surface for writing. By the 19th century, other types of cavalry, such as cuirassiers and lancers, also wore them.

In the British Army, sabretaches were first adopted at the end of the 18th century by light dragoon regiments, four of which acquired "hussar" status in 1805. They were still being worn in combat by British cavalry during the Crimean War; "undress" versions in plain black patent leather were used on active duty. The Prussian Guard Hussars wore theirs in the Franco-Prussian War. In most European armies, sabretaches were gradually abandoned for field use by the late 19th century, but were retained by some regiments for ceremonial occasions.

Sabretaches are now much sought after by collectors of militaria.

Gallery

References

Bags

Military uniforms

Sabretache


"Get Up Stand Up" is a reggae song by Bob Marley. It was released in 1973. It is about rebellion. It lasts 3 minutes and 16 seconds. It was written by Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. It was produced by Chris Blackwell and The Wailers. It is from the album Burnin'.

Interpretation
In "Get Up Stand Up", Bob Marley opens people's eyes ("Now you see the light"). It's about how appearances can fool the people ("half the story has never been told"). In the song, Bob Marley believes that the society controls the people. The song is a message of rebellion. He promotes the Rastafari culture.

Reggae songs
1973 songs

Get Up Stand Up


"Flip Decision" is a Donald Duck comic book story written and illustrated by Carl Barks in June 1952. Like many other Barks stories, it was originally untitled. In the story, Donald becomes an adherent of a philosophy of life called flipism, in which all decisions in life are made by flipping a coin.

Publications
The story first appeared in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #149 in February 1953. It has later appeared in Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #365 (February 1971), #507 (1984), and #561 (July 1991).

Outside of the United States, the story has been published in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, the Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and probably other countries.

Plot

Donald Duck happens to enter a lecture held by a charlatan calling himself Professor Batty, who claims that flipism — the philosophy of using coin flipping to make all decisions in life — is the solution to everyone's problems. The professor persuades a confused Donald to buy a membership of the "Great Society of Flippists", as well as book introducing the "methods and benefits of Flipism". Reading the book, Donald quickly becomes a devoted flippist. When his nephews want to go see a movie called Gore in the Gully, Donald uses a coin flip to decide that they shall take a leisurely drive instead.

The downsides of flipism begin to reveal themselves during the drive. Donald keeps flipping a coin to decide where to drive, eventually getting lost, and ultimately driving in the wrong direction of traffic before colliding head on with a large truck. Donald and his nephews are physically unharmed, but Donald is sentenced to pay a fine for "letting a dime do [his] thinking", rather than the usual (smaller) fines for violating traffic rules.

Donald holds Professor Batty responsible for his fate, and attempts to find him. However, the professor has disappeared, and Donald, despite having lost his belief in the philosophy, resolves to use flipism to find him. Flipism leads him to a house with two apartments, and he flips a coin to select which apartment to go for. Donald is unable to see the result (apartment 2) in the dark, and knocks on apartment 1's door instead. His girlfriend, Daisy Duck, opens the door and it turns out that this apartment is the home of Daisy's unseen sister. Daisy is furious at Donald for forgetting that he had invited her to go to the movies that day. After Daisy has finished her tirade, Donald has forgotten about his search for Professor Batty, and ends up taking Daisy, her nieces, and his nephews to see Gore in the Gully.

The final panel reveals that flipism actually worked in Donald's search for Professor Batty, showing that a frightened Batty is located in apartment 2 waiting for someone to find him.

Themes and impact

"Flip Decision" introduced the term flipism. Similar concepts appear in several other works, including Luke Rhinehart's 1971 novel The Dice Man, in which dice are used instead of a coin. Media studies professor Helge Rønning has interpreted "Flip Decision" as a satire over existentialism.

The story features several themes that are common in Carl Barks' stories, including questionable professors and self-inflicted bad luck.

The story introduced Daisy's nieces, April, May and June, who would become regular characters in Disney comics. As in later stories, they appear as counterparts of Huey, Dewey and Louie.

See also
List of Disney comics by Carl Barks

References

External links
"Flip Decision" (dt.: "Wappen oder Zahl?") Walt Disney's Comics & Stories Nr. 149 (1953).

Disney comics stories
Donald Duck comics by Carl Barks
1952 in comics
Coin flipping

Flip Decision


The Rule against Perpetuities is one of the most complicated rules in property law and wills and trusts.  In general, the rule states that a gift of a will (or a trust) will not be enforced if the subject of the gift is to be given to a person who can not be known now, and will not be able to be known, by the end of 21 years after the death of everyone who was alive (including children in their mother's uterus but not yet born) at the time the gift was created.

For example, if a woman says in her will that her house is to be given "to the children of her children when they graduate from college" this would not be enforced by a court. It would not be enforced because one (or more) of her children's children might not graduate from college until 21 years after everyone who was alive at the time of the woman's death has died.

The purpose of the rule is to prevent property from being tied up for "perpetuity" (a very long time).  The courts (and many people in society) do not want to hold property to see who will receive it after a complicated set of rules from the gift-giver. First, this would result in a waste of the courts' time and resources. Second, it would be a waste of the property that is being given through the gift.  If a gift in a will violates the Rule against Perpetuities, the court will simply strike that gift and transfer the subject of the gift as if the will had not mentioned it.

However, many countries and states have changed this rule, and it does not apply at all, or in a changed way, in those countries and states.
Property law

Rule against perpetuities


Jacques Villiers, (26 August 1924 – 13 March 2012) is a French aerospace engineer and public servant. He is the founder of the Centre d'études de la navigation aérienne (French air navigation center) and co-founder of the CAUTRA system, the computer system of the French air traffic management.

In the words of Michel Wachenheim: "We can consider Jacques Villiers as one of the main
founders of "the French school of air navigation" with everything
it has scientific expertise, know-how
technological and operational experience. He quickly understood
that France could and should play a leading role in this
sector, because of its aviation history, its ability to
train highly qualified specialists, but also its global ambitions
and European geography. He retained confident until the end that we could provide leadership in technical
international level, I am reminded of conversations with him on this
subject. The best tribute to him is certainly to continue
in this way."

Bibliography
 In partnership with Paul Funel, Le transport aérien français : rapport au ministre d'État, ministre des Transports, La documentation française, Paris 1982 ()
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche-Midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p. 523, Villiers, Jacques
 Sophie Poirot-Delpech, Mémoire et histoires de l'automatisation du contrôle aérien : Sociobiographie du CAUTRA, L'Harmattan Editions, 11th of September 2009

References

1924 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French aerospace engineers
Aviation in France
Alumni of the École Polytechnique

Jacques Villiers


William Hilton Hovell (April 26 1786 — November 9 1875) was an English explorer of Australia. Together with Hamilton Hume he explored much of Victoria.

Early life
William Hovell was born at Yarmouth, Norfolk, England. He joined the Royal Navy  and became a captain. In October 1813, he moved to New South Wales with his wife Esther Arndell. He got work as a ship captain and made several trading trips along the coast and to New Zealand. In 1816 he was shipwrecked in Bass Strait.  In 1819 he lived near Sydney and did some exploring to the south. He reached the Burragorang Valley in 1823.

Corio Bay

In 1824, Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane asked Hovell to go with Hamilton Hume to explore the south part of New South Wales and Victoria. He wanted to know more about any rivers that might run south. Hovell was not an explorer but he knew how to navigate (find out where he was). There were problems deciding who was going to pay for the expedition. The two explorers bought most of the equipment. The government provided saddles, clothes, blankets and guns. Hume and Hovell left Sydney on  October 3 1824, with six men, five bullocks, three horses and two carts. The Murrumbidgee River was in flood so they had to make one of the carts into a kind of boat to get across. The men, horses, and bullocks swam over. A day or two later, in rough hilly country, they had great difficulty in finding a path for the carts. On October 27 they decided to leave them behind. They came to a large river on November 16, which Hovell called Hume's River "he being the first that saw it". This was the Murray River renamed by Charles Sturt a few years later. It was impossible to cross here (near the site of Albury), but after a few days they found a better place. They built the rough frame of a boat and managed to get across. By December 3, they had reached the Goulburn River. During the next ten days it was hard traveling through rough country, but they did get to more level and open land.
On December 16, they saw Port Phillip Bay. They went along its shores in south-westerly direction. They came to what is now Corio Bay near Geelong. Hovell made a mistake of one degree in working out the longitude. The explorers thought that they were on Western Port Bay. The party went back on December 18, and went more to the west. This was an easier journey. By January 8 1825, they came to the end of their food. For a few days they lived on fish and a kangaroo they were able to shoot. On January 16 they reached the carts they had left behind them, and 2 days later came to Lake George.

Western Port
On March 25, Governor Brisbane wrote about the discoveries of Hovell and Hume in a letter to England. He said that he was going to send a ship to Western Port to have it explored. His successor, Governor Ralph Darling, towards the end of 1826, sent an expedition led by Captain Wright to Western Port. Hovell went with this expedition, and his mistake in longitude was soon discovered. Hovell explored the land around Western Port and to the north. Near the coast at Cape Paterson he discovered "great quantities of very fine coal". This was the first discovery of coal in Victoria. Hovell was away 5 months on this expedition. He tried during the next 10 years to obtain some special reward from the government. He had already got 1,200 acres (5 km2) for the trip with Hume, and 1,280 acres (5 km2) for the trip to Western Port. He did not think this was enough.

Later life
He spent the rest of his life at his farm at Goulburn, New South Wales. He married Sophia Wilkinson in 1848. In December 1853, Hovell was special guest at a public dinner in Geelong, Victoria. His speech was reported in some of the newspapers. Hume thought that Hovell tried to claim all the credit for their joint expedition. This led to a long and bitter public fight between the two men. A full report of the speech shows that Hume was wrong. Hume was an experienced leader in the bush. Hovell was well-educated with a friendly character. During their expedition they worked well together. They were responsible for an important piece of exploration. Hovell's discovery of coal during his visit to Western Port was also important. Hovell died in Sydney on November 9 1875, and was buried at Goulburn. In 1877 his widow left £6000 to the University of Sydney as a memorial of him, which was used to start the William Hilton Hovell lectureship on geology and physical geography.

Recognition

In 1922 a group was started in Melbourne to celebrate the centenary (100 years) of the expedition. Along the path of the expedition 37 memorials were built in Victoria. A dam was built on the King River near Cheshunt, Victoria in 1973. This formed Lake William Hovell. It supplies water for crops, vineyards and farms along the King River from Cheshunt to Wangaratta. A River Redgum tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis at Albury still has the mark Hovell made in 1824. He carved the words "Hovell NovR17/24" into the tree. The tree has been cloned so its genes can be kept for the future. An iron treasure chest, made in Germany in about 1660, and owned by Hovell is now in the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney. The Hume and Hovell Walking Track has been made, following the explorers path from Yass to Albury.

Related pages
 Hamilton Hume

References

1786 births
1875 deaths
English explorers
Exploration of Australia
People from Norfolk

William Hovell


The Grand Olympic Auditorium is the old name of a sports arena in Los Angeles, California, United States, located at 1801 S. Grand Avenue. It was built in 1924 for the 1932 Summer Olympics. The boxing, weightlifting, and wrestling events were held there. At the time it was the largest indoor venue in the U.S with seats for around 10,500. It opened on August 5, 1925, and famous people like boxer Jack Dempsey and silent film actor Rudolph Valentino were there.

In the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s it was home to some of the biggest boxing, wrestling and roller derby events.

The 1960s and 1970s were a major boom period for the Olympic Auditorium, as major wrestling events were held at the arena every other Friday night. It was the home of the T-Birds, who played a game called "Roller Derby". In the late 1980s it was changed and 3,000 seats were taken out, leaving space for about 7,500.

Some scenes from the movie Rocky were filmed there.

In June 2005, the Glory Church of Jesus Christ, a Korean-American Christian church, bought the entire property and changed the name. In 2007, the arena was painted brown like it used to be.

Sports buildings in Los Angeles
1925 establishments in California

Grand Olympic Auditorium


Martin Vetterli is the current president of École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland, succeeding Patrick Aebischer. He's a professor of engineering and was formerly the president of the National Research Council of the Swiss National Science Foundation.

Martin Vetterli has made numerous research contributions in the general area of digital signal processing and is best known for his work on wavelets. He has also contributed to other areas, including sampling (signal processing), computational complexity theory, signal processing for communications, digital video processing and joint source/channel coding. His work has led to over 150 journal publications and to two dozen of patents.

Career

Martin Vetterli received his Dipl. El.-Ing. degree from the ETH Zurich in 1981, and then completed a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering at Stanford University in 1982. He later pursued his Doctorat ès Sciences at EPFL in 1986.

After his dissertation, he was an assistant and associate professor in electrical engineering at Columbia University in New York, and in 1993, he became an associate and then full professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley in California.

In 1995, he joined EPFL as a full-time professor. He held several positions there, including chair of communication systems and founding director of the National Competence Center in Research on Mobile Information and Communication systems (NCCR-MICS).

From 2004 to 2011, he was vice president of EPFL for international affairs and, from 2011 to 2012, he was the dean of the School of Computer and Communications Sciences at EPFL.

In 2015, he was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering for his contributions to the development of time-frequency representations and algorithms in multimedia signal processing and communications.

From 2013 to 2016 he was the president of the National Research Council of the Swiss National Science Foundation, before being elected as the president of EPFL in Switzerland.

He is also responsible for developing, publishing and maintaining an extensive massive open online course on the basics of digital signal processing. The course is a collaboration effort between him and his colleague, Paolo Prandoni. The course was first offered in February 2013 on Coursera and has been offered every year on the site since then. Each session runs for 10 weeks.

Scientific contributions

Martin Vetterli works in the areas of electrical engineering, computer science and applied mathematics. His work covers wavelets and applications, image and video compression (data compression), self-organized communications systems and sensor networks, as well as fast algorithms.

At the core of his laboratory's current research is mathematical signal processing, that is, the set of tools and algorithms from applied harmonic analysis that are central to signal processing. These include representations for signals (Fourier, wavelets, frames), sampling theory, and sparse representations.

A main application of signal processing is in communications and sensor networks. In addition to important classic topics like channel estimation and equalization, multiuser systems like sensor networks are of great interest. This leads to distributed compression, sampling, and modeling of physical phenomena.

The area of audio processing and digital acoustics deals with multi-channel acquisition, processing and rendering of audio signals. This includes questions of sound field sampling, synthesis and perception.

Inverse problems and tomography are key signal processing tasks where state of the art techniques have high potential impact. In particular, the project on ultrasound tomography intends to solve a long-standing quest for a safe and affordable breast cancer screening method.

In the area of image/video processing and applications, his research has on-going projects in image acquisition, image representations, and super-resolution imaging. Applications include image annotation and augmented reality for mobile devices.

The eFacsimile research project, sponsored by Google, is focused on the research and development of a new acquisition, representation and rendering paradigm for the high-quality reproduction of artwork.

The research of Martin Vetterli has led to about 150 journal papers and resulted also in about two dozen patents that led to technology transfers to high-tech companies and the creation of several start-ups.

Martin Vetterli is a co-author of the book Wavelets and Subband Coding (Prentice-Hall, 1995). In 2008, Vetterli authored with Paolo Prandoni a free textbook Signal Processing for Communications.

In 2014, another book with the title Foundations of Signal Processing (coauthored by Jelena Kovačević and Vivek Goyal) was also published freely accessible.

Presidency of the EPFL

On 1 January 2017, Martin Vetterli became the EPFL's fifth president. The priorities of his direction team include open science, computational thinking and sustainability.

Awards and honours
 2017 IEEE Jack S. Kilby Signal Processing Medal
 Best paper award from EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (1984)
 Best paper award from IEEE Signal Processing Society (1991, 1996 and 2006)
 Fellow of the IEEE "for contributions to the theory and practice of subband coding and wavelets" (1995)
 National Latsis Prize (1996)
 SPIE Presidential award (1999)
 IEEE Signal Processing Technical Achievement Award (2001)
 Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (2009)
 Fellow of EURASIP
 IEEE Signal Processing Society Award (2010)
 Former member of the Swiss Science and Innovation Council (2000-2004)
 President of the National Research Council of the Swiss National Science Foundation
 Member of the US National Academy of Engineering.

References

External links

Martin Vetterli's homepage at the EPFL
Wavelets and Subband Coding webpage
Foundations of Signal processing webpage

1957 births
Living people
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Electrical engineering academics
Swiss electronics engineers
ETH Zurich alumni
Academic staff of the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering

Martin Vetterli


Thomas Morley (born at Norwich?,  1557 or 1558; died at London, October 1602) was an English composer, music theorist and organist.  He was  the most important English composer of madrigals.  He studied the madrigals by Italian composers and  created the tradition of the English madrigal, a tradition that became extremely popular, but which only lasted about 30 years.

Life
Morley's father was a brewer who lived in Norwich, so it is likely that Morley was born there.  He may have been a choirboy in Norwich Cathedral.  We know that in 1583 he got the job of organist there.  In a book he published later in his life he said that William Byrd was his master.  If this means that he had lessons from Byrd he must have travelled away from Norwich.   In 1588 he got a degree from Oxford, and soon afterwards he became an organist at St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

In 1588 Nicholas Yonge published a book called  Musica transalpina.  It was a collection of Italian madrigals with words translated into English.  Soon after this Morley started to publish his own madrigals.  In 1592 he became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal.

In London Morley lived near Shakespeare.  We do not know whether the two men worked together, but Morley did set Shakespeare's words "It was a lover and his lass" from As You Like It.  We do not know whether it was ever used in a performance of Shakespeare's play.  It is quite possible, because Morley was well-known.

From 1593 onwards Morley published a great deal of music and also made a lot of money out of music publishing, both of his own and other composers' music.

It is thought that Morley died in October 1602.

His music

Morley wrote sacred music as well as madrigals.  His church music is strongly influenced by William Byrd.

His madrigals are his most important works.  They are often very lively and have tunes that are easy to sing.  One of his best known madrigals is called Now is the Month of Maying.  He started by using the Italian style and changed it to make it sound English. The madrigals of Thomas Weelkes and John Wilbye are usually more serious.

As well as madrigals, Morley wrote music for instruments, including keyboard music.  Some of his pieces are in the famous collection called Fitzwilliam Virginal Book). He also wrote music for the typically English combination of two viols, flute, lute, cittern and bandora.

Morley wrote a book about music theory called  Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke.  It was published in 1597 and was read by many people for two centuries after his death.  It tells us a lot about how music was performed in Morley's

English composers
Renaissance composers
Music theorists
English organists
1550s births
1602 deaths

Thomas Morley


A courante () is a dance that was popular in Baroque music in the 17th and early 18th centuries.  The word comes from the French word for to "run".

The courante was a fast, running dance with 3 beats in a bar (the time signature was often 3/2, although sometimes it was 3/4).  During the 17th century the French courante started to become slower than the Italian corrente, and it often had more counterpoint (imitating parts).  However, this was not a strict rule, and the courantes that Bach wrote were both Italian and French in style, and sometimes he called them "courante" and sometimes "corrente".

Composers of the Baroque period often composed a group of several dances.  This was called a suite.  There was usually an allemande, then the courante was the second dance, followed by a sarabande and a gigue and sometimes one or two other dances or as well.

Ballroom dances
Musical forms

Courante


In Australia, a stockman is the name given to a person who looks after the livestock on large farms known as a station. Stations are owned by a  or a grazing company. A stockman can also be the persons employed at abattoirs, feedlots, on live export ships or with stock and station agencies.

People who work on station, including stockmen, are also known as "station hands". Men learning how to become station managers are known as "jackaroos", while women are known as "jillaroos". Girls are often stockmen on farms. Some stations are now making it easier for women to work on stations by building female living quarters and putting in machinery to do some of the heavy work.

A related job is that of the drover, who, like the shearer may be an temporary seasonal worker. Drovers are employed in looking after the livestock while they are travelling on a stock route.

The word stockman was used in the United States and Canada as meaning a person who raised livestock, mainly cattle. The word stockgrower is used now. This meaning is very different from the Australian use of the word stockman.

References

Australian culture
Agriculture in Australia
Agricultural occupations

Stockman