Andrei Oișteanu (; born September 18, 1948) is a Romanian historian of religions and mentalities, ethnologist, cultural anthropologist, literary critic and novelist. Specialized in the history of religions and mentalities, he is also noted for his investigation of rituals and magic and his work in Jewish studies and the history of antisemitism. After the Romanian Revolution, he also became noted for his articles and essays on the Holocaust in Romania.

A founding member and researcher at the Institute for History of Religions of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest, he is also the president of the Romanian Association for the History of Religions (RAHR). Oișteanu is professor at the Department for Jewish Studies, at the University of Bucharest. He is also member of the educational board of the Elie Wiesel National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in Romania and member of the editorial board of the Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism (Academic Studies Press, Boston). Andrei Oișteanu is a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania, awarded by the Romanian President (2006), and a Commander of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity, awarded by the Italian President (2005).

He is the father of Amana Ferro Oisteanu, EU public affairs expert (Brussels) and the brother of American poet Valery Oișteanu (New York).

Biography
Born into a Jewish family in Bucharest, Oișteanu took a post-graduate course in Oriental Studies at the University of Bucharest (lecturers: Sergiu Al-George and Amita Bhose). During the early 1970s, he was active in Ceata Melopoică, an experimental music and concept band led by Mircea Florian.

In 1997 he took a course in Jewish Studies at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary (lecturers: Moshe Idel and Michael Silber). Between 1997 and 1999, he had a research grant at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, International Center for the Study of Antisemitism. In 2002 he had a documentary grant in Germany (Berlin, München, Frankfurt am Main, Düsseldorf) offered by Goethe Institute, a grant on "Jewish Identity and Antisemitism in Central and Eastern Europe". In 2005-2006 he had a research grant at the «New Europe College. Institute for Advanced Studies» (as 'Guest of the Rector' Andrei Pleșu) on "History of the History of Religions in Romania".

Works
 Grădina de dincolo. Zoosofia. Comentarii mitologice ("The Garden of the World Beyond. Zoosophy. Mythological Commentaries"), Dacia Publishing House, Cluj, 1980 (second edition, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2012);
 Motive și semnificaţii mito-simbolice în cultura tradițională românească ("Mytho-Symbolical Motifs and Meanings in Romanian Traditional Culture"), Minerva Publishing House, Bucharest, 1989;
 Cutia cu bătrâni ("The Box with Old People", novel), Preface by Dan C. Mihăilescu, Meta Publishing House, Bucharest, 1995 (second edition, Cartea Românească Publishing House, Bucharest, 2005; third edition, Polirom Publishing House, Iasi, 2012);
 Mythos & Logos. Studii și eseuri de antropologie culturală ("Mythos & Logos. Studies and Essays in Cultural Anthropology"), Nemira Publishing House, Bucharest, 1997 (second edition, 1998);
 Cosmos vs. Chaos. Myth and Magic in Romanian Traditional Culture, illustrated edition, Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House, Bucharest, 1999;
 Imaginea evreului în cultura română. Studiu de imagologie în context est-central european ("The Image of the Jew in Romanian Culture. A Study of Imagology in Central-East European Context"), Humanitas Publishing House, Bucharest, 2001 (second edition, Humanitas, 2004; third edition, revised, enhanced and illustrated, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2012). The volume was awarded with five major prizes in Romania, Italy, Belgium and Israel;
 Das Bild des Juden in der rumänischen Volkskultur ("The Image of the Jew in Romanian Popular Culture"), Hartung-Gorre Verlag, Konstanz, 2002;
 Jewish Identity and Antisemitism in Central and South-Eastern Europe, volume edited, foreworded and illustrated by Andrei Oișteanu, Goethe Institut, Bucharest, 2003;
 A Képzeletbeli Zsidó ("The Image of the Jew", translated in Hungarian), Kriterion Publishing House, Cluj, 2005;
 Ordine și Haos. Mit și magie în cultura tradiţională românească ("Order & Chaos. Myth and Magic in Romanian Traditional Culture"), illustrated edition, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2004;
 Religie, politică și mit. Texte despre Mircea Eliade și Ioan Petru Culianu ("Religion, Politics and Myth: Texts on Mircea Eliade and Ioan Petru Culianu"), Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2007 (second edition, revised, enlarged, and illustrated, Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2014);
 Il diluvio, il drago e il labirinto. Studi di magia e mitologia europea comparata ("The Deluge, the Dragon and the Labyrinth. Comparative Studies in European Magic and Mythology"), A cura di Dan Octavian Cepraga e Maria Bulei, Postfazione di Dan Octavian Cepraga, Edizioni Fiorini, Verona, 2008;ş
 Inventing the Jew. Antisemitic Stereotypes in Romanian and Other Central-East European Cultures, foreword by Moshe Idel, Nebraska University Press, Lincoln & London, 2009. The author was awarded with the Prize "A.D. Xenopol" of the Romanian Academy (Bucharest, 2011) and the Prize B'nai B'rith Europe (Brussels, 2015) "for an intellectual who has contributed to the changing image of the Jew in society";
 Konstruktionen des Judenbildes: Rumänische und Ostmitteleuropäische Stereotypen des Antisemitismus, Aus dem Rumänischen übersetzt von Larisa Schippel, Frank & Timme Verlag, Berlin, 2010;
 Narcotice în cultura română. Istorie, religie și literatură ("Narcotics in Romanian Culture. History, Religion and Literature") Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2010 (second edition, 2011; third edition, 2014; forth edition, revised, enlarged and illustrated, Polirom, 2019). The volume was awarded with the Special Prize of the Union of Writers from Romania;
 Les Images du Juif: Clichés antisémites dans la culture roumaine. Une approche comparative, Préface de Matei Cazacu, édition illustrée, Éditions Non Lieu, Paris, 2013;
 Rauschgift in der rumaenischen Kultur: Geschichte, Religion und Literatur, Translated from Romanian by Julia Richter, Frank & Timme Verlag, Berlin, 2013;
 Andrei Oișteanu, Andrei Pleșu, Neagu Djuvara & Adrian Cioroianu, Evreii din România ("The Jews in Romania"), Hasefer Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013;
 Sexualitate și societate. Istorie, religie și literatură ("Sexuality and Society: History, Religion and Literature"), Illustrated edition, Polirom Publishing House, Iaşi, 2016; Second edition, revised, enlarged and illustrated, Polirom, Iaşi, 2018. Author's Prize: "The Writers of the Year 2016"
   L´immagine dell'ebreo: Stereotipi antisemiti nella cultura romena e dell'Europa centro-orientale, a cura di Francesco Testa e Horia Cicortas, Collana di Studi Ebraici, Edizioni Belforte, Livorno, 2018;
   Moravuri și nǎravuri. Eseuri de istorie a mentalitǎților ("Good Habits and Bad Habits: Essays on History of Mentalities", Polirom Publishing House, Iași, 2021. The volume was awarded with the Special Prize of the Union of Writers from Romania;;

References
CV at the Institute of the History of Religions

Further reading
Article about a book series in his honor

External links
Interview

1948 births
Living people
Cultural anthropologists
Romanian historians of religion
Mythographers
Writers from Bucharest
Knights of the Order of the Star of Romania
Romanian anthropologists
Romanian essayists
Romanian ethnologists
20th-century Romanian historians
21st-century Romanian historians
Jewish Romanian writers
Romanian journalists
Romanian literary critics
Romanian literary historians
Romanian experimental musicians
Romanian novelists
Romanian male novelists
University of Bucharest alumni
Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
Central European University alumni
Male essayists
20th-century male writers

Andrei Oișteanu


Christopher Crosby Morris (born 1946) is an American author of fiction and non-fiction, as well as a lyricist, musical composer, and singer-songwriter.  He is married to author Janet Morris. He is a defense policy and strategy analyst and a principal in M2 Technologies, Inc.  He writes primarily as Chris Morris, a shortened form of his name, but occasionally uses pseudonyms.

Background
Chris Morris began writing music in 1966, fiction in 1984, and nonfiction in 1989.  Much of his fiction and nonfiction literary work, including all of his book-length science fiction and fantasy, has been written in collaboration with his wife Janet Morris, with whom he has also written two novels under the joint pseudonym of Daniel Stryker and one novel under the pseudonym of Casey Prescott. He has contributed short fiction to the shared universe series Thieves' World, Heroes in Hell, and Merovingen Nights. He has also co-authored with Janet Morris five titles in The Sacred Band of Stepsons saga.

Chris Morris has also authored song lyrics and melodies.  Notably, Chris served as chief songwriter, singer, and leader of the "Christopher Morris Band", formed in 1976, whose first members were Chris Morris, Janet Morris, Leslie Kuipers and Vince Colaiuta. The first "Christoper Morris Band" album, produced by Al Kooper of Blood, Sweat and Tears fame and featuring the Tower of Power horn section, was titled the Christoper Morris Band (MCA 2282), and released by MCA Records in 1977.  The album's nine songs, all of which are sung by Morris, included eight songs written or co-written by him. The Christopher Morris Band album was reviewed by Ken Tucker in Rolling Stone Magazine. and in GIG Magazine. The Christopher Morris Band album was also one of Billboard Magazine's "Top Album Picks" (7/16/77) and listed by WBCN Boston as among WBCN's "52 Heaviest Records for 1977."  The Christopher Morris Band album was also reviewed in Record World, July 23, 1977. The Christopher Morris Band was reviewed after their first major live performance as a headliner in The Boston Globe by Tom Long.  Previous to that, Chris Morris was the band leader, and the original Christopher Morris Band was the core back-up band, for Al Kooper's 1976-1977 "Act Like Nothing's Wrong" national tour.

In the realm of nonfiction writing, Chris Morris has authored books and articles on military and defense matters in collaboration with Janet Morris and others. Chris Morris served as Research Director and Senior Fellow (1989–1994) at the United States Global Strategy Council, as well as Adjunct Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (1993–1995).  At USGSC, Morris co-authored the nonlethal weapons concept and the seminal paper, Nonlethality: A Global Strategy, and co-led the USGSC's Nonlethality Policy Review Group.  Events surrounding Morris's work in the nonlethal weapons area are chronicled in Chapter 15 of War and Anti-War, by Alvin Toffler and Heidi Toffler, (Little, Brown, 1993).  In 1998-1999, Chris Morris was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force on Nonlethal Technologies and his views are reflected in the associated report, Nonlethal Technologies:  Progress and Prospects, Council on Foreign Relations, 1999.  He served in 2003-2004 as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force on Nonlethal Weapons, which produced the report Nonlethal Weapons and Capabilities in 2004.

Fiction Bibliography

Thieves' World shared universe
"What Women Do Best" (1984) (with Janet Morris) in Blood Ties, Asprin & Abbey, ed.
"Red Light, Love Light" (1988) in Uneasy Alliances, Asprin & Abbey, ed.

The Sacred Band of Stepsons saga
City at the Edge of Time (1988) (with Janet Morris)
Tempus Unbound (1989) (with Janet Morris)
Storm Seed (1990) (with Janet Morris)
The Sacred Band (2010) (with Janet Morris)
The Fish the Fighters and the Song-girl (2010) (with Janet Morris)

Heroes in Hell
The Little Helliad (1988) (with Janet Morris)

Threshold
Threshold (1990) (with Janet Morris)
Trust Territory (1992) (with Janet Morris)
The Stalk (1994) (with Janet Morris)

Merovingen Nights
Festival Moon (1987) (with Janet Morris)
Fever Season (1987)
Troubled Waters (1988)
Divine Right (1989)
Flood Tide (1990) (with Janet Morris)
Endgame (1991) (with Janet Morris)

Other novels
The 40-Minute War (1984) (with Janet Morris)
Medusa (1986) (with Janet Morris)
Outpassage (1988) (with Janet Morris)
Hawkeye (1991) (with Janet Morris, as by Daniel Stryker)
Cobra (1991) (with Janet Morris, as by Daniel Stryker)
Asset In Black (1985) (with Janet Morris, as Casey Prescott)

Short stories
"Cross-Currents" (1984)
"What Women Do Best" (1984) (with Janet Morris)
"Undercover Angel" (1986)
"Sanctuary Is for Lovers" (1986) (with Janet Morris)
"Son of the Morning" (1986)
"The Shattered Sphere" (1986)
"Snowballs in Hell" (1987)
"The Nature of Hell" (1987) (with Janet Morris)
"Sword Play" (1987) (with Janet Morris)
"Night Action" (1987)
"Hearts and Minds" (1987)
"Handmaids in Hell" (1987)
"The Ransom of Hellcat" (1987)
"Saying Yes to Drugs" (1987)
"Battle for the Plain of Just Desserts" (1988) (with Janet Morris)
"Sign On" (1988)
"Mystery" (1988) (with Janet Morris)
"Red Light, Love Light" (1988)
"Eye of a Needle" (1989)
"Postpartum Blues (1989)
"Rapproachment" (1990) (with Janet Morris)
"The Price of Victory" (1990)
"Escape from Merovingen: Finale in Two Acts - Act One: The Fool Must Die" (1991) (with Janet Morris)
"Escape from Merovingen: Finale in Two Acts - Act Two: Escape From Merovingen" (1991) (with Janet Morris)
"Escape from Merovingen (Act One Reprised)" (1991) (with Janet Morris)
"Escape from Merovingen (Act One Reprised) (#2)" (1991) (with Janet Morris)
"Interview with the Devil" (2011) (with Janet Morris)
"Erra and the Seven" (2011)
"Babe in Hell" (2012) (with Janet Morris)
"Battle of Tartaros" (2012)
"Fools in Hell" (2013)
"Alms for Oblivion" (2013) (with Janet Morris)
"Words" (2014)
"Seven Against Hell" (2014) (with Janet Morris)
The Black Sword" (2014) (with Janet Morris)

Select Non-Fiction Bibliography

Nonlethality: A Global Strategy (1990, 2010) (with Janet Morris)
Weapons of Mass Protection (1995) (with Morris and Baines)
The American Warrior (1992) (Morris and Morris, ed.)

Discography

Christopher Morris Band, (MCA 2282), 1977
Everybody Knows - Christopher Crosby Morris (Singing Horse), 2016

References

External links
Chris Morris entry at Fantastic Fiction

M2 Technologies information on Chris Morris
 Council on Foreign Relations Independent Task Force Report on Nonlethal Weapons
 Nonlethality: A Global Strategy
 Weapons of Mass Protection
 Chris Morris interviewed by Zauberspiegel-Online Magazine, 29 June 2011
 Chris Morris (with Janet Morris) interviewed by Zauberspiegel-Online Magazine, 29 June 2011
[www.youtube.com/watch?v=2EylzKQa4yg] "Social Reconstruction through Historic Fiction: The Role of Literature in Envisioning Our Future." Chris Morris and Janet Morris presentation at the US Library of Congress, reading and discussion, 25 June 2014

1946 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American fantasy writers
American science fiction writers
American science writers
American military writers
American technology writers
American male composers
21st-century American composers
American male singer-songwriters
American lyricists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American male musicians

Chris Morris (author)


The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) is a species of goats. They are also known as the Rocky Mountain goat. They live in North America. They are part of the genus Oreamnos. They like to live on high elevations. Mountain goats are great at climbing, and will rest on rocky cliffs. They do this so predators cannot get them.

The mountain goat wanders the mountains alone, and meets only to mate. It eats grasses, lichens, and leaves. It is 3–4 ft. at the shoulder (90-120 centimeters.) The mother mountain goat is called a nanny, and the male is called a billy, the baby is called a kid.

Their thick undercoat, and long white overcoat, protects them from blustery wind, and harsh weather that often occurs in their mountainous habitat. Both male and female have short, strong, legs that have large black hooves on the end. The billy had long slender horns that measure approximately 1 foot. The nannies have slightly longer horns. The female uses her horns to defend her young. She will often dominate the territory, and the male will leave her alone.

The female mountain goat, or nanny, becomes pregnant in November, the only month they are together, and gives birth to her kid six months, or half a year, later. The nanny will protect her young for a while and eventually the kid will leave his mother. He will most likely not know his father. They are alone for most of the year except for November which is the mating month.

References

Raedeke, Kenneth J. "Mountain goat." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 20 Dec. 2012.

Other websites

 A.W.F. Banfield (1974). The Mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press.
 D. Chadwick (1983). A Beast the Color of Winter – The Mountain Goat Observed. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco. 208 p.
 Loyal J. Johnson (1994) Alaska Department of Fish & Game
 US Forest Service – Mountain Goats

Mammals of North America

Mountain goat


Geocaching is an outdoor sport activity based on GPS (Global Positioning System). Players use a receiver or mobile device and other navigational techniques to hide or look for containers, called "geocaches" or "caches".

One of the main ideas of geocaching is putting caches in places that are interesting, but not often visited by tourists. In the listing of the cache, information about the places is given.

After 19 years of activity there are over 3,000,000 active geocaches. There are over 5 million geocachers worldwide.

History
Geocaching was invented shortly after the removal of artificial error from GPS on May 2, 2000. Accuracy of the GPS before this date was about 100m, after this date is less than 3m. Improved accuracy allowed geocachers to specify where caches are located.

The first cache was placed on May 3, 2000, by Dave Ulmer in Beavercreek. It was found by Mike Teague of Vancouver on May 6, 2000. The original name of the game is GPS Stash Hunt, but it was changed on May 30, 2000 after the discussion of several players to Geocaching.

Cache
The cache is usually in a waterproof plastic container with a logbook where geocachers write their registered nickname and date they find it. Larger containers usually contain items for trading like plastic toys, hockey cards or special trackable items called Travel Bugs or Geocoins. Trackable items are logged on the website and moved from cache to cache.

The coordinates of a hidden cache with the rating of the difficulty and terrain and information about size are placed by owner at the official website Geocaching.com. After checking by a reviewer, they are published and available for other gteocachers.

Types of caches
Traditional cache: The basic cache type, hidden on the place defined by coordinates in header of listing.

Multi cache: The geocacher usually has to go over the stages, find some information at every stage (such as number on information board etc.) and at the finish calculate the coordinates of the final cache.

Mystery/puzzle cache (also called "Unknown cache"): The coordinates of the final cache are usually hidden in some cipher, image or text and the geocacher has to discover it.

Letterbox hybrid cache: A combination of geocaching and letterboxing in the same container. Instead of a classic cache there is a stamp, which the finder can print to his or her diary.

Webcam cache: It is not a typical cache where the geocacher has to find a hidden box with a logbook. Instead, he has to find a webcam on the published coordinates and take a photo of himself.

Virtual cache:  Similar to webcam cache, there is no hidden box at the coordinates. The geocacher only has to find out information such as the name on a monument and send it to the owner of the cache.

Earth cache: Very similar to virtual cache, but in a geographically interesting place. The geocacher has to find out answers for the questions in a listing, take a photo here, and send it to the owner of the cache.

Event cache: Meeting organized and attended by geocachers. There is also special type of event – CITO (Cache in, trash out), where geocachers have to clean up an area. An event attended by more than 500 people is called a Mega-event, and an event attended by more than 5000 people is called a Giga-event

References

Sports

Geocaching


The Comédie-Française or Théâtre-Français is one of the few state theatres in France. It is the only state theatre to have its own company of actors. The company's primary venue is the Salle Richelieu. The theatre is part of the Palais-Royal complex at 2 rue de Richelieu on the Place André-Malraux in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.

The theatre has also been known as the Théâtre de la République and La maison de Molière (English: House of Molière). It inherited the latter name from the troupe of the best-known playwright associated with the Comédie-Française, Molière. He was considered the patron of French actors. He died seven years before "La maison de Molière" was rechristened the "Comédie-Française," and the company continued to be known popularly by the former name long after the official change of name.

The Comédie-Française today has a repertoire of 3,000 works and three theatre locations in Paris (salle Richelieu;  théâtre du Vieux-Colombier; Studio-Théâtre)

References

Theatres in Paris

Comédie-Française


Hamish MacCunn (22 March 1868 – 2 August 1916), was a Scottish composer and conductor who lived in the later part of the romantic period.

Birth

He was born in Greenock.  His father was a shipowner.  He soon showed a great talent for music. In 1883 he got a scholarship to study  at the Royal College of Music, which had only just been founded. His teachers there included Sir Hubert Parry and Sir Charles Villiers Stanford.

Works
MacCunn became a professor of harmony at the Royal Academy of Music from 1888-1894.  He also taught at the Guildhall School of Music.

MacCunn composed several orchestral works as well as operas,  but he had to spend more and more time conducting in order to earn money.  For a time he conducted the Carl Rosa Opera Company.  He conducted Wagner's opera Siegfried  and the first performance in English  of Tristan and Isolde.

In 1887 he conducted his overture The Land of the Mountain and the Flood'' at the Crystal Palace.  This was a very successful piece, and it remains the only composition of his which is still often performed.  The music has a Scottish feeling and sounds quite similar to the music of Mendelssohn.  Although he composed other pieces which were similar in mood, none of them were as successful as this one.

In 1888, he married Alison Pettie, daughter of the painter John Pettie who had painted MacCunn's portrait several times.  They had one son.  John Pettie liked music and helped MacCunn in his career by organizing concerts of his music.

He died aged only 48.

References
New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, edited Stanley Sadie, 1980;

Other websites
Biography from the British Musical Society

1868 births
1916 deaths
20th-century British composers
Romantic composers
Scottish musicians
People from Greenock

Hamish MacCunn


Toothpaste is a part liquid paste, applied to the bristles of a toothbrush in order to aid oneself with the act of toothbrushing.

This substance has several purposes, such as removing plaque from one's teeth, whitening one's teeth and freshening one's breath.

Several toothpaste brands specialize in caring for teeth sensitive to certain conditions (for example heat, cold) or flavours (such as sweetness). The majority of these products work by strengthening the tooth enamel, thus easing discomfort and providing the teeth with a protective outer layer.

Traditionally, toothpaste has a minty flavour, as this is said to allow a sense of freshness in the mouth. However, fruit and flavours have been popular in the past. Fruit toothpastes, however, are discouraged by dentists due to their acidic and tooth-eroding properties.

Swallowing
Swallowing big amounts of toothpaste can make humans very sick and is poisonous. Due to this, the FDA started making toothpaste companies to put a notice about swallowing from 1997 to present.

References

Dentistry

Toothpaste


Opéra bouffe (, plural: opéras bouffes) is a genre of late 19th-century French operetta, closely associated with Jacques Offenbach, who produced many of them at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, inspiring the genre's name.

Opéras bouffes are known for elements of comedy, satire, parody and farce. The most famous examples are La belle Hélène, Barbe-bleue (Bluebeard), , La Périchole and La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein.

Sources

Bartlet, M. Elizabeth C.: "Opéra bouffe" Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera (London, 1992).

Opera genres
Opera terminology

Opéra bouffe


Mega Python vs. Gatoroid is a 2011 monster, science-fiction, disaster film by The Asylum, directed by Mary Lambert, and starring pop singers Debbie Gibson and Tiffany. The film premiered theatrically in Texas and premiered on television on January 29, 2011, on Syfy in the United States before being released on home video on June 21, 2011.

Plot
A group of animal activists, consisting of Dr. Nikki Riley, Gia, and Ben, breaks into a house and steals dozens of exotic pythons before setting them free into the Florida Everglades. Their actions inadvertently cause the snakes to grow into alarming sizes and threaten the ecosystem, as they kill over 72 alligators in a matter of days. Due to the threat of the invasive species, Park Ranger Terry O'Hara issues permits to the local hunters to exterminate the pythons – much to Nikki's dismay. However, the hunters themselves – including Terry's fiancé Justin – are quickly eliminated by the giant snakes. Vowing to avenge her fiancé's death, Terry and Angie take boxes of anabolic steroids from Angie's grandson Manny and inject them into dead chickens before feeding them to alligators. Among the steroids is an experimental serum that neutralizes muscle growth inhibitors with a side effect of increased aggression. Meanwhile, Nikki and her group set up cameras all over the Everglades to monitor Terry's activities. They catch and record Terry and Angie feeding the steroid-laced chickens to the alligators.

Several months later, Terry meets Dr. Diego Ortiz, who warns her that an all-out war between the giant pythons and the mutated alligators in the Everglades has begun. After seeing a python and an alligator battle each other, Diego urges Terry to cancel a fund-raising event that is to be held that night to help restore a nearby estuary, but his cries fall on deaf ears. As Nikki and her group walk around the forest to plant pheromones, they discover the skeleton of a dead giant python before they are attacked by a giant alligator, which eats Gia. In another part of the Everglades, Diego discovers that the alligators have laid hundreds of eggs – all of which are 20-30 times their normal size. He calls Terry and asks her to give him access to explosives to get rid of the eggs, but his request is denied. Flying a helicopter over a swamp, Diego rescues Nikki, but Ben is devoured by an alligator. He offers to fly her to the nearest hospital, but she tells him to bring her to her office immediately. After dropping her off, he returns to the site of the alligator eggs and destroys them with a pack of dynamite. He then finds a cave filled with thousands more eggs and calls Terry, telling her that if she does not evacuate the party nearby, he will call the governor and have him send the National Guard to the quarry.

At the fund-raising event, Nikki shows up at the VIP tent uninvited, threatening to blackmail Terry with a disc containing footage of her feeding the alligators. This leads to a fight between the two women that destroys the party. Meanwhile, as Nikki and Terry continue their fight in a swamp, the reptiles crash the event, devouring guest of honor Micky Dolenz and several other partygoers. However, Terry's friend Barbara Fine manages to survive and escape. Realizing that they will have to work together to stop this threat, Nikki and Terry, along with Angie and Diego, drive to Miami to get help and prevent the reptiles from invading the city, but are too late and Angie is devoured by a python as they flee from the city. Nikki comes up with a plan to save Florida; she plants explosives in the quarry while Terry and Diego fly over Miami in a crop duster and spray pheromones they acquired from Nikki's office, luring the reptiles to them. However, when their plane crashes on a highway after being hit by a python, Terry takes the remaining bottles of pheromones and drives an abandoned car to lure the reptiles away from the Turkey Point Nuclear Power Plant. Back in the cave, Nikki finds herself surrounded by an alligator and hundreds of hatchlings. Terry rescues her by driving her car with a lit container of gasoline toward the alligator. Surrounded by the remaining reptiles around the quarry, the two women lock themselves inside a supply shed, where Nikki admits to Terry that she released the snakes into the Everglades, to Terry's disgust. Diego arrives in a rescue helicopter and picks up Nikki, but is too late to save Terry, who is caught by an alligator and devoured, with Nikki and Diego helpless to save her. Nikki blows up the quarry, killing all of the reptiles in sight, but the explosion rocks the helicopter, throwing her off as she falls into a swamp. The helicopter circles back for Nikki while pieces of pythons and alligators rain around her, and she is eaten by a python head that is still alive (as snake heads can survive for up to an hour).

One year after the incident, Diego cuts a ribbon to inaugurate the O'Hara-Riley Estuary, named in memory of Terry and Nikki.

Cast
 Debbie Gibson as Dr. Nikki Riley
 Tiffany as Park Ranger Terry O'Hara
 A Martinez as Dr. Diego Ortiz
 Kathryn Joosten as Angie
 Kevin M. Horton as R.J. Cupelli
 Micky Dolenz as himself
 Carey Van Dyke as Justin
 Arden Cho as Gia
 Patrick Hancock as Ben
 Kristen Wilson as Barbara Fine
 Vanessa Claire Smith as Mary "Contrary Mary"
 Chris Neville as Manny
 Jay Beyers as Martin "Matredee Martin"
 Harmony Blossom as Girl At The Party
 Kaiwi Lyman as Tom
 Kylan James as Jordan
 Timmy McFunn as Morgan
 Jeff DuJardin as Jack
 Jack N. Harding as Hank
 Robert R. Shafer as Zeke
 Travis Seaborn as Jackson

Production
The film was shot at Griffith Park and the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden in Los Angeles, California, which acted as a stand-in setting for Florida. Some of the film's footage was recycled from Mega Shark Versus Crocosaurus.

Soundtrack
The film's soundtrack features the songs "Snake Charmer" by Debbie Gibson and "Serpentine" by Tiffany.

Reception
Mega Python vs. Gatoroid has been panned by critics. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly said on his review that the film "did something that other stalwarts of this genre, such as Sharktopus and Dinocroc vs. Supergator, did not do: It called attention to how bad, campy, and trashy it was; the actors did everything except wink coyly at the camera." Jared Rasic of CHUD.com gave the film two out of five stars, commenting, "this movie knows exactly what it is and doesn't try to surprise you with any sort of quality element to make the time you spent watching this have meaning."

See also
 Mega Shark Versus Giant Octopus – a 2009 monster disaster film by The Asylum starring Debbie Gibson

Mega Shark Versus Mecha Shark – a 2014 sequel, featuring Gibson in a reduced role
 Mega Piranha – a 2010 monster disaster film by The Asylum starring Tiffany
 List of killer crocodile films
 List of killer snake films

References

External links

 Mega Python vs. Gatoroid at Syfy.com

2011 horror films
2011 television films
2011 films
2011 independent films
2010s monster movies
American comedy horror films
American disaster films
American monster movies
The Asylum films
Films about crocodilians
Films about snakes
Films directed by Mary Lambert
Films set in Florida
Films shot in Los Angeles
Giant monster films
American natural horror films
Syfy original films
American horror television films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films

Mega Python vs. Gatoroid


Simple Simon is a Broadway musical with book by Guy Bolton, and Ed Wynn, lyrics by Lorenz Hart, music by Richard Rodgers, produced by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., and starring Ed Wynn.

It originally played from February 18, 1930 to June 14, 1930 at the Ziegfeld Theatre, then reopened on March 9, 1931 at the Majestic Theatre.

The play, a loose plot designed to show off Ed Wynn's fumbling, clowning, punning style, cast him as a newspaper vendor who spends his time in a fairy-tale land where bad news does not exist. The song "Ten Cents a Dance" was introduced by Ruth Etting in this show. "Love Me or Leave Me" by Gus Kahn and Walter Donaldson was interpolated into the show about two months after it opened.

"Dancing on the Ceiling", cut during the Broadway previews, was eventually sung by Jessie Matthews in the London production of Ever Green, and became a standard.

The musical numbers written for the show included:
"Coney Island"
"Don't Tell Your Folks"
"Magic Music"
"I Still Believe in You"
"Send for Me"
"Dull and Gay"
"Sweetenheart"
"Hunting the Fox"
"Come On, Men"
"Ten Cents a Dance"
"Rags and Tatters"
"Dancing on the Ceiling" (dropped before the New York opening)
"He Was Too Good to Me" (dropped before the New York opening)
"Oh, So Lovely" (unused)
"Peter Pan"
"The Simple Simon Instep" (unused)
"Prayers of Tears and Laughter" (dropped before the New York opening)
"Hunting Song" (unused)
"Come out of the Nursery" (dropped before the pre-Broadway tryout)
"Sing Glory Hallelujah" (dropped before the pre-Broadway tryout)

The song "I Can Do Wonders with You", from a previous show, was interpolated.

References

External links

 Article on Simple Simon in Ruth Etting site

Broadway musicals
1930 musicals
Musicals by Rodgers and Hart
Musicals set in fictional countries

Simple Simon (musical)


Loreto is Peru's most northern region. Covering almost one-third of Peru's territory, Loreto is the nation's biggest region.  It is also one of the least populated ones, because of its remote location in the Amazon rainforest. Its capital is the city of Iquitos.

Boundaries
 Northwest: Ecuadorian provinces of Sucumbíos, Orellana, Pastaza and Morona-Santiago
 North: Colombian department of Putumayo
 Northeast: Amazonas Department, also in Colombia
 East: Brazilian states of Amazonas and Acre
 South: Ucayali and Huánuco regions
 West: San Martín and Amazonas regions

Administrative divisions
The region is divided into eight provinces (provincias, singular: provincia), which are composed of 53 districts (distritos, singular: distrito). The provinces, with their capitals in parenthesis, are:
 Maynas (Iquitos)
 Alto Amazonas (Yurimaguas)
 Datem del Marañón (San Lorenzo)
 Loreto (Nauta)
 Mariscal Ramón Castilla (Caballococha)
 Putumayo (San Antonio del Estrecho)
 Requena (Requena)
 Ucayali (Contamana)

Other websites

 INEI Peru

Loreto Region


Mary Louise Smith (October 6, 1914 – August 22, 1997), a U.S. political organizer and women's rights activist, was the second woman to become chair of a major political party in the United States (the first was Jean Westwood).

Life and career

Born Mary Louise Epperson in Eddyville, Iowa, she married medical student Elmer M. Smith while both were studying at the University of Iowa. She graduated in 1935 with a degree in social work administration and worked for the Iowa Employment Relief Administration in Iowa City.

After moving to Eagle Grove she became active in civic life and Republican Party politics. She became membership chair of the Iowa Council of Republican Women in 1961 and was elected vice-chairwoman of the Wright County Republican Central Committee the following year. She was elected national committeewoman for Iowa in 1964, a post she held for the next twenty years.

In 1974, during the wake of the Watergate scandal, President Gerald Ford named her the first female chair of the Republican National Committee. She held that post until 1977, and in that role became the first woman of her party, and second woman of a major party, to organize a presidential nominating convention, the 1976 Republican National Convention in Kansas City. In 1977, she was inducted in the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame. In 1978, she served as Co-Manager of the Committee for Governor Ray in the successful fourth re-election campaign of Iowa Governor Robert D. Ray.

In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Smith's name and picture.

She campaigned for George H. W. Bush in the 1980 primaries, but supported Ronald Reagan both in the 1980 and 1984 general elections. Reagan appointed her vice-chairwoman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights in 1981, but declined to re-appoint her in 1984. Smith was a social liberal, while the party and the electorate was shifting to the right. In 1991, President George H.W. Bush appointed her to the board of directors of the U.S. Institute of Peace (USIP). Influenced by her husband's experiences as a medic during the Vietnam War, Smith had become active in movements to establish a national peace institute, and she served with USIP until her death.

Smith was active in such organizations as the Republican Mainstream Committee, Iowa Women's Political Caucus, and Planned Parenthood of Greater Iowa. She was a staunch advocate of the Equal Rights Amendment. In 1995, Iowa State University established the Mary Louise Smith Chair in Women and Politics in her honor, and numerous other awards and recognitions are named for her throughout the state.

Smith died of lung cancer in Des Moines at the age of 82. A widow, she was survived by three children.

Further reading
 O'Dea, Suzanne. Madame Chairman: Mary Louise Smith and the Republican Revival After Watergate (University of Missouri Press; 2012) 216 pages; scholarly biography

References

External links
 ISU Mary Louise Smith Chair in Women and Politics
 Mary Louise Smith Papers at the Iowa Women's Archives, University of Iowa

1914 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer in Iowa
Iowa Republicans
People from Eagle Grove, Iowa
People from Eddyville, Iowa
Republican National Committee chairs
University of Iowa alumni
Women in Iowa politics
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians

Mary Louise Smith (politician)


Welded wire mesh, or welded wire fabric, or "weldmesh" is an electric fusion welded prefabricated joined grid consisting of a series of parallel longitudinal wires with accurate spacing welded to cross wires at the required spacing.

Machines are used to produce the mesh with precise dimensional control.  The product can result in considerable savings in time, labour and money.

Uses of welded wire mesh
The welded wire mesh is a metal wire screen that is made up of low carbon steel wire or stainless steel wire. It is available in various sizes and shapes. It is widely used in agricultural, industrial, transportation, horticultural and food procuring sectors. It is also used in mines, gardening, machine protection and other decorations.

Weld mesh is the term given to the kind of barrier fencing that is manufactured in square, rectangular or rhombus mesh from steel wire, welded at each intersection.

Welded wire fabric (WWF) is also sometimes used in reinforced concrete, notably for slabs.

Types of welded wire mesh
There are several types of welded wire mesh which can be categorized according to their structure, use, and characteristics.

Welded wire fabric (WWF) for concrete slab reinforcement
This type of mesh is a square grid of uniformly placed wires, welded at all intersections, and meeting the requirements of ASTM A185 and A497 or other standards. The sizes are specified by combining the spacing, in inches or mm, and the wire cross section area in hundredths of square inches or mm2. The common sizes are in the following table:

Electro galvanized welded wire mesh with square opening
This type of welded wire mesh is designed for building fencing and in other infrastructural purposes. It is a corrosion resistant wire mesh that  is largely used in structural building.  It is also available in different forms like rolls and panels for industrial uses.

Hot dipped galvanized welded mesh
This type of mesh wire is generally made up of plain steel wire. At the time of processing it goes through a hot zinc covering process. This type of welded mesh ware with square opening is ideal for animal cage structuring, fabricating the wire boxes, grilling, partition making, grating purposes and machine protection fencing.

PVC coated welded mesh
PVC coated welded mesh with plastic covering is constructed with galvanized iron wire of high quality. It has PVC powder covering that is processed by an automatic machine. The smooth plastic coating on this corrosion protective wire is attached with a strong adhesive which make increases durability of the wire. It is used in fencing residential and official properties like gardens, parks, building etc. The PVC coated welded mesh which is available as both rolls and panels, is also available in different colors like white, black, green etc.

Welded stainless steel mesh
This kind of welded mesh wire is basically used in industrial fencing purposes. It is made up of stainless steel that has high strength and integrity. This corrosion resistance meshed wire is long lasting and is widely used in transportation, agricultural, mining, horticulture, entertainment and other service sectors.

Welded wire fencing
This is a type of meshed wire that is available in rolls or panel for used for fencing. Also referred to as "weldmesh", it is available with or without galvanization. The non-galvanized version comes for a lower cost.

Welded steel bar gratings
This type of welded mesh wire provides advantages like high strength, easy installation and feasible cost. It is mostly used for grating roads, making drainage coverings and building safety walls. It also has uses in chemical plantation, platform grating, metallurgy etc.

References

External links

Building materials
Concrete
Steel

Welded wire mesh


Stanley George Miller (born October 10, 1940), better known as Mouse or Stanley Mouse, is an American artist who is notable for his 1960s psychedelic rock concert poster designs and album covers for the Grateful Dead, Journey, and other bands.

Personal life
Born in Fresno, California, Miller grew up in Detroit, Michigan. He was given the nickname Mouse as a ninth grader. He was expelled from Mackenzie High School (Michigan) in 1956 for mischievously repainting the façade at The Box, a popular restaurant across the street from Mackenzie. Following his junior year at nearby Cooley High School, Mouse completed his formal education at Detroit's Society of Arts and Crafts.

By 1958, Mouse had become fascinated by the Weirdo hot rod art movement that had begun in California a decade earlier. Having developed skills using an airbrush he began painting T-shirts at custom car shows. There he met and worked with Ed "Big Daddy" Roth, the leading exponent of Weirdo Hot Rod art. Mouse was also strongly influenced by the art of Rick Griffin, with whom he would later collaborate on posters and album covers. In 1959, Mouse and his family founded Mouse Studios, a mail-order company, which sold his products. In 1964, he was invited to help in the design of Monogram automobile model kits using the "monster" cartoon characters he had developed to compete with Roth's "Rat Fink" character.

In 1966–1967, Mouse and Alton Kelley lived and worked from 715 Ashbury (across the street from the house where The Grateful Dead lived at 710 Ashbury).

As of June 2023, Mouse was recovering at his home of 20 years in Sebastopal, Sonoma County, California, from a disabling stroke that had left him with an inability to draw.

Psychedelic posters
In 1965, Mouse travelled to San Francisco, California with a group of art school friends. Settling initially in Oakland, Mouse met Alton Kelley. Kelley, a self-taught artist, had recently arrived from Virginia City, Nevada, where he had joined a group of hippies who called themselves the Red Dog Saloon gang. Upon arrival in San Francisco Kelley and other veterans of the gang renamed themselves The Family Dog, and began producing rock music dances. In 1966, when Chet Helms assumed leadership of the group and began promoting the dances at the Avalon Ballroom, Mouse and Kelley began working together to produce posters for the events. Later the pair also produced posters for promoter Bill Graham and for other events in the psychedelic community. From September 1967  through December 1967 Mouse and Kelley created psychedelic posters for shows at Helms' The Family Dog Denver.

In 1967, Mouse collaborated with artists Kelley, Rick Griffin, Victor Moscoso and Wes Wilson to create the Berkeley Bonaparte Distribution Agency. Mouse and Kelley also worked together as lead artists at Mouse Studios and The Monster Company, producing album cover art for the bands Journey and Grateful Dead. The Monster Company also developed a profitable line of T-shirts, utilizing the four color process for silk screening.

The psychedelic posters Mouse and Kelley produced were heavily influenced by Art Nouveau graphics, particularly the works of Alphonse Mucha and Edmund Joseph Sullivan. Material associated with psychedelics, such as Zig-Zag rolling papers, were also referenced. Producing posters advertising for such musical groups as Big Brother and the Holding Company, Quicksilver Messenger Service, and Grateful Dead led to meeting the musicians and making contacts that were later to prove fruitful.

Later career

In 1968, Helms and Graham began turning to other artists for their poster work, and Mouse's career languished. After brief periods in London and Massachusetts, he moved to Toronto where he ran a Yorkville waterbed store called The Waterbed Gallery—with the walls featuring his artwork. Mouse returned to California to live in Marin County near Kelley. The pair resumed their partnership in 1971, producing commercial artwork related to the Grateful Dead and later Journey. The pair are credited with creating the skeleton and roses image that became the Grateful Dead's archetypal iconography, and Journey's wings and beetles that appeared on their album covers from 1977 to 1980. In 1977, Mouse, with Kelley, created the Styx album cover for The Grand Illusion with a pastiche of René Magritte. Mouse and Kelley continued to work together on rock memorabilia until 1980.
Mouse continued to produce album cover art and other music-related graphics through the 1980s. Early in the decade, he moved to New Mexico where he began producing fine art in a variety of media. In 1999, he contributed a portrait of Skip Spence to the tribute album, More Oar: A Tribute to the Skip Spence Album, being a collection of cover versions of songs by the co-founder of Moby Grape performed by such artists as Beck, Tom Waits and Robert Plant.

Stanley Mouse filed a lawsuit against the producers of the film Monsters, Inc. in 2002, alleging that the characters of Mike and Sulley were based on his drawings of Excuse My Dust, which he unsuccessfully pitched to Hollywood producers in 1998. A Disney spokeswoman responded that the characters in Monsters, Inc were "developed independently by the Pixar and Walt Disney Pictures creative teams, and do not infringe on anyone's copyrights".

Bibliography

References

External links
Stanley Mouse Studio website

Psychedelic artists
American illustrators
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Painters from California
1940 births
Living people
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area
Mackenzie High School (Michigan) alumni
20th-century American male artists

Stanley Mouse


James J. Lyons (February 12, 1890 – January 7, 1966) was an American Democratic Party politician, who served as Borough President of the Bronx from 1934–1962.

Early life
James Lyons was born in Manhattan's old Ninth Ward. His father was in the produce business and the family decided to move to the Bronx when Lyons was 3. He once reminisced in an interview that he used to drive a pony and a cart under High Bridge and sell fruit to the locals. When he graduated from Public School 11 at age 13, he went to go work as an office boy in the office of the Surpass Leather Company. He would later regret not staying in school and graduating from High School. He eventually moved his way up in the ranks of the company and became a Salesman. Lyons told his men that with the right approach, anything could be sold to anyone. To drive his point home, in his career he sold enough leather to cover four million pairs of women's feet.

Political career
Lyons was president of the Bronx Grand Jurors Association and only moderately interested in politics. When he got a call from the Bronx Democratic Party leader, Edward J. Flynn, in 1932 asking him to become the Democrats' nomination for the Borough President, he was shocked. But he went on to run for the position and won overwhelmingly in the heavily Democratic Borough. Eventually he would go on to be Borough President for seven terms.

Lyons once stated that being a politician in New York City was like being in business, and New York was like a corporation. He ran his office like a tight ship, but was known to have a humorous side. It was his ability to combine the responsibilities of being in charge with being humorous that made him able to never lose an election in his life. He was annoyed that the comedians of the time only had to mention the Bronx to get a laugh. This was because most people only thought the Bronx was good for its famous Bronx Cheer. He devised a plan to call the Bronx the "Borough of Universities" and to play up that the Bronx Cheer came from the hospitality of the founders of the Bronx, instead of the common idea that it was just the attitude of the unsociable people of the Bronx. He was once chided by Deputy Mayor Henry Curran for using the word contact as a verb. He then decided he would set up the "Henry Curran University" in order to correct all grammar mistakes made in the city, in an effort to mock the Deputy Mayor. Lyons had his people send grammar corrections to all of the politicians in the city when they made mistakes. At one point he got the New York City Police Chief to apologize for putting up signs that were not incorrect. Despite these lighter moments in office, Lyons was a very hard worker. He would attend up to 10 meetings a night, and was always present at the opening of a new institution in the Bronx. When Long Beach Airport was being built in Queens, Lyons was instrumental in getting it to be named after Mayor Fiorello La Guardia.

In 1914 the unused bend of the Harlem River was filled in, physically connecting Marble Hill, a part of Manhattan, to the borough of The Bronx. The result of the filling-in was the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, now the main channel connecting the Harlem River to the Hudson River. In 1939, when a judge found Marble Hill to be legally still a part of the borough of Manhattan (and the County of New York), Lyons declared it "the Bronx Sudetenland", referencing Hitler's 1938 annexation of a region of Czechoslovakia, because he wished it to be part of the Bronx.

Family life
In 1917 James J Lyons wed Gertrude O'Brien. They had three children: James J. Lyons Jr., William Lyons and Gertrude Lyons.  He later wed Josephine Lyons in a common law marriage. Lyons was the sister of Bella Salomon and the sister-in-law of Bronx attorney H. Bennett Salomon who briefly represented Bruno Richard Hauptmann convicted of kidnapping aviator Charles Lindbergh's twenty month old daughter in what was called the crime of the century.  James Lyons was a lifelong friend of Joseph Kennedy and was instrumental in getting his son William a job with President John F. Kennedy. It was later known that the reason Lyons never ran for an 8th term was because he overheard a phone conversation from President in which the President said that an "important Federal Position" awaited him at the Capitol.

See also
 Timeline of the Bronx, 20th c.

References

Further reading

1890 births
1966 deaths
Bronx borough presidents
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)
New York (state) Democrats
Politicians from the Bronx

James J. Lyons


Roland Michel Tremblay (born October 15, 1972 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a French Canadian author, poet, scriptwriter, development producer and science-fiction consultant. He has been living in London since 1995.

Biography
Roland Michel Tremblay was born in Quebec City but moved to the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region in the North of the Quebec province when he was 7 years old. He obtained a college diploma in Sciences from the CEGEP de Jonquière in 1991, and a B.A. in French Literature and Philosophy from the University of Ottawa in Ontario in 1994. He studied one year at La Sorbonne in Paris and finished his master's degree in French Literature at Birkbeck, University of London in 1999.

He has been writing since he was 10 years old, and lived in Canada, France, Belgium, the United States and the United Kingdom. He is now an author and technical adviser, writing novels, essays, poetry, television and film scripts. He has six books published in French in Paris by iDLivre and GT Publishers, and his books are distributed in many French-speaking countries.

Tremblay has written poetry, novels and film scripts mostly in English. He developed a science fiction website aimed at helping authors working in the genre for television. He lived in Los Angeles during 2005 and 2006, but then returned to live in Isleworth, West London.

Roland Michel Tremblay is not related to Michel Tremblay, one of the most celebrated authors in Quebec. He is openly gay.

Bibliography
Published literary work in French
 Eclecticism (philosophical essay),
 Waiting for Paris (novel),
 Denfert-Rochereau (novel),
 The Anarchist (poetry),
 A French-Canadian in Paris (journal/essay),
 A French-Canadian in New York (journal/essay),

Produced work in television (development producer/science consultant) (uncredited)
 Strange Days at Blake Holsey High (Black Hole High, 2002) (NBC and Discovery Channel Television Series)
 E=mc², The World's Most Famous Equation (WGBH/PBS, Channel 4 UK and Arte Documentary, 2003)

References

External links
 The Crowned Anarchist Sci-Fi and Literature
 The Marginal
 L'Anarchiste Couronné Littérature (French)
 Le Marginal (French)
 TG Publisher  (French)

1972 births
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian dramatists and playwrights in French
Canadian screenwriters in French
Canadian male novelists
Canadian novelists in French
Canadian science fiction writers
Canadian poets in French
French Quebecers
Canadian gay writers
Canadian LGBT dramatists and playwrights
Canadian LGBT poets
Living people
University of Ottawa alumni
Writers from Quebec City
Canadian male screenwriters
Canadian male poets
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Gay poets
Gay screenwriters
Gay dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian LGBT people

Roland Michel Tremblay


The British Rail Class 40 is a type of British railway diesel locomotive. Built by English Electric between 1958 and 1962, and eventually numbering 200, they were for a time the pride of the British Rail early diesel fleet.  Despite their initial success, by the time the last examples were entering service they were already being replaced on some top-link duties by more powerful locomotives.  As they were slowly relegated from express passenger uses, the type found work on secondary passenger and freight services where they worked for many years, the final locomotives being retired from regular service in 1985.

40

British Rail Class 40


George V (born George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 186520 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom. He was the first British monarch with the family name Windsor. His father was Edward VII.

George was born in 1865. He was in the Royal Navy when he was twelve; he left the Navy to become king. George was crowned King and Emperor of India in 1911. He was married to Princess Mary of Teck.

As King during World War I, George and his wife visited the Western Front regularly to greet British and Commonwealth troops and also to raise morale amongst the troops. He changed the family name to "Windsor" to remove any association with a German heritage, because Germany was very unpopular at this time. Among other things, he started the "Royal Christmas Broadcast" tradition. He was known for being a stamp collector. His sons Edward and George would later become kings of the United Kingdom and British Empire.

George was a popular monarch. His great-grandson is the current British monarch, King Charles III, who ascended the throne in 2022.

Early life and family
George was born the second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra). He married a distant cousin (his double second cousin once removed) Mary of Teck (later Queen Mary), and they stayed married until his death.

George was known as the Duke of York for many years until his grandmother, Queen Victoria, died peacefully at the age of 81. His father, Edward, inherited the throne gaining the nickname "Edward the Peaceful" for his hard work maintaining stability when tensions were increasing. Edward's death was greeted with great sadness across the empire, George describing him as "my best friend". By the time George became king Britain was the richest, most powerful nation in the world and during his reign the Empire expanded to its greatest ever extent.

King and Emperor
George was quick to prove himself a decent and popular monarch. He became a symbol of British resistance during the First World War in which he, and his wife, visited the war front regularly. During these visits, he tried to raise the morale of the troops and also awarded medals such as the Victoria Cross to certain troops who had excelled themselves in the battlefield such as Khudadad Khan. However, at home his popularity was waning with even H.G Wells referring to him as "an alien" because of his German background (his grandfather Prince Albert was German). Growing increasingly worried he changed the family name to "Windsor" to remove any association with a German heritage. He was seriously injured when thrown by his horse at a troop review in France.

As the war came to a close many world monarchies were abolished or diminished, yet under the reign of George V the monarchy remained very much firmly established and as popular with the ordinary public as his late father. He worked hard as King, visiting many places and meeting many people, from world leaders to working class miners. The King also made friendly relations with socialist Labour party politicians and trade union members. The King, if anything was ahead of his ministers and understood the Empire better. He advised the government during the General Strike of 1926 not to take a hard line against the protestor stating "Try living on their wages before you judge them." Again, unlike most ministers, George became concerned by the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis. He warned that within ten years there would be yet another world war and told many to be suspicious of the Nazis. He was correct with war in fact breaking out just three years after his death.

Among other things, he is also credited for starting the Royal Christmas Broadcast tradition in 1932. His Silver Jubilee in 1935 was greeted with jubilations and was a very well loved king across all classes of society. Afterwards however his health suddenly declined. It was in these later years when George's relationship with his eldest son and heir, Edward, deteriorated. George was cross with Edward's failure to settle down in life and was angered and appalled by his many affairs with married women. Edward did not take royal duties seriously and, although quite popular, preferred partying and luxury, in direct conflict with George's sense of duty and hard work. George said of his son Edward: "After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself within 12 months", indeed he was correct: less than a year after taking the throne, Edward abdicated, causing the family damage to its reputation. George V was regarded as a wise King with good judgement.

Death
Seriously ill, on the evening of 15 January 1936, the King took to his bedroom at Sandringham House feeling unwell; he died on the 20th January. He was 70 years old. He lay in Westminster Hall before his state funeral. A night previous all his surviving sons mounted guard, known as the Vigil of the Princes as a mark of deep respect. Statues of King George V were erected across the world and he has been portrayed numerous times by actors.

It was not known until recently that he had been deliberately euthanized by his chief physician, Lord Dawson of Penn. Dawson issued a bulletin with words that became famous: "The King's life is moving peacefully towards its close". Dawson's private diary, unearthed after his death and made public in 1986, reveals that the King's last words, a mumbled "God damn you!", were addressed to his nurse when she gave him a sedative on the night of 20 January. Dawson wrote that he hastened the King's death by injecting him with a lethal combination of morphine and cocaine. Dawson noted that he acted to preserve the King's dignity, to prevent further strain on the family, and so that the King's death at 11:55 p.m. could be announced in the morning edition of The Times newspaper rather than "less appropriate ... evening journals".

This account, revealed in 1986, caused great astonishment. Euthanasia was completely illegal in Britain at the time of Dawson's action.

Titles
HM King George V had many titles from his birth to his death. His titles were:
 June 1865 – 24 May 1892: His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales
 24 May 1892 – 22 January 1901: His Royal Highness The Duke of York
 22 January 1901 – 9 November 1901: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall and York
 9 November 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales
 9 November 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Royal Highness The Duke of Rothesay (Scotland only)
 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936: His Majesty The King

He was also often referred to as His Imperial Majesty The King within the British Empire
or His Most Gracious Majesty The King, although this was not his official title.

References

Other websites

1865 births
1936 deaths
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
Deaths by euthanasia
Order of St Michael and St George
Royalty from London
Philatelists

George V


Frederick DuCane Godman DCL FRS FLS FGS FRGS FES FZS MRI FRHS (15 January 1834 – 19 February 1919) was an English lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist. He was one of the twenty founding members of the British Ornithologists' Union. Along with Osbert Salvin, he is remembered for studying the fauna and flora of Central America.

Godman collected Iznik, Hispano-Moresque and early Iranian pottery. His collection of more than 600 pieces was donated to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982.

Early life and Cambridge years
Frederick DuCane Godman was born on 15 January 1834 at Park Hatch, Godalming, Surrey, and was one of the thirteen children of Joseph Godman and Caroline Smith. Joseph Godman was a partner in the brewery firm Whitbread & Company. Frederick was sent to study at Eton College in 1844 but left three years later due to poor health and was educated at home by private tutors. At the age of 18 he went with his tutor on a trip around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea visiting southern Spain, Athens and Constantinople.

Godman joined Trinity College, Cambridge in 1853, where he met Alfred Newton and Osbert Salvin. Both Salvin and Godman spent time learning to skin and mount birds at Baker's taxidermy shop on the Trumpington Road. They also spent time in the field on the fens. The custom of these ornithological friends, (which included his younger brother Percy (1836–1922)), to meet and talk over their recent acquisitions led to the idea of an organisation and the foundation of the British Ornithological Union. At a meeting in Newton's room in Magdalene College on 17 November 1858, a group that included Godman, Salvin, Wilfred Simpson, John Wolley, Philip Sclater and others decided that "... an Ornithological Union of twenty members should be formed, with the object of establishing a new Journal devoted to Birds: that Lieut.-Colonel H. M. Drummond should be President, Professor Newton the Secretary of the Union, and Sclater should edit the Journal: that the title of the Journal should be The Ibis."

Travels
Godman inherited a fortune from his father that allowed him to travel the world. In 1857 Godman and his brother Percy visited Bodø in northern Norway. They later published an account of their visit in the Ibis. In 1861 he joined Salvin (who was making his third trip to South America) in a trip to Guatemala and Belize via Jamaica. Godman left Salvin in Belize due to a fever and returned home via the Atlantic coast. In 1865, he made a trip to the Azores with one of his younger brothers, Captain Temple Godman (1844–1894). In 1871 he visited the Canary and Madeira Islands. He corresponded with Charles Darwin. He made many other trips later including a trip to India in 1886 with his brother-in-law Henry John Elwes. They visited Bombay, Delhi, Allan Octavian Hume at Simla, Calcutta and then travelled east to Sikkim. He purchased a collection of butterflies from Robert Lidderdale (1835–1908). During this trip he had trouble walking particularly at high altitudes. They returned through Madras and Sri Lanka. Later on he had a blood clot in the veins of his legs, leading him to move and live in the warmth of Mexico in 1885. Even here he joined Elwes on a trip up Popacatapetl.

Life and work

In 1876 Godman and Salvin decided to work on a project to document the fauna and flora of Central America. This monumental work Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) was to grow into a 63 volume encyclopaedia on the natural history of Central America. Some of the botanical plates were painted by Salvin's wife. Salvin did not live to see it completed. Godman relied on Salvin for much of the systematics involved. The work was made possible by a number of other collaborators including Richard Bowdler Sharpe and George Charles Champion. The associated collection was also enormous and included collections made by others such as Henry Walter Bates that were purchased. Godman and Salvin also collected numerous bird and butterfly specimens. These were presented to the British Museum in 1885, including nearly 520,000 bird skins alone. Other works by Godman included The Natural History of the Azores (1870) and a two-volume Monograph of the Petrels (1907–10) with plates by J. G. Keulemans. The British Ornithologists' Union instituted the Godman-Salvin Medal for contributions to ornithology while a memorial to Godman and Salvin was constructed and is exhibited in the Natural History Museum.

Godman also took an interest in plants, maintaining a large collection of rhododendrons, orchids and alpine plants in his garden and rockery at South Lodge near Horsham. This house is now the South Lodge Hotel. There appears to have been a friendly rivalry with his friend Sir Edmund Loder, a plantsman and owner of nearby Leonardslee country estate. They co-operated on loderii hybrid rhododendron, a cross between Leanardslee's Rhododendron fortunei and South Lodge's Rhododendron griffianthium. South Lodge remains notable for its rhododendrons. His other botanical passions included orchids and nerines, and with his gardener, Geoffrey Giles, he propagated rare orchids, regularly being awarded for his efforts by the Royal Horticultural Society. Along with his brother Colonel Charles Bulkeley Godman (1849–1941), he took an interest in hunting with dogs, fishing and shooting.

Godman collected early Iranian pottery, Iznik pottery and Hispano-Moresque ware. Although he had visited Istanbul in 1852, the ceramics were purchased in England. He became well known as a collector and dealers would bring items to his home near Horsham. His collection included important inscribed and dated works.

In 1873  he married Edith, the daughter of J. H. Elwes (and hence sister of Godman's friend H. J. Elwes) and after her death in 1875 married Alice, daughter of Percy Chaplin in 1891. Along with his second wife, later Dame Alice Mary Godman (1868–1944, who became deputy president of the British Red Cross Society), he travelled to the West Indies and through Africa. He had two daughters by his second wife, Eva Mary (1895–1965) and Catherine Edith (1896–1982). Both his daughters took an interest in natural history. The elder daughter Eva was killed by a vehicle when she crossed a street to post a letter. His collection of more than 600 pieces of Islamic pottery was transferred to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982.

Godman was secretary of the British Ornithological Union from 1870 to 1882 and again from 1889 to 1897, and also served as president from 1896 until 1913. He was a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and member of its council from 1902. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1882, received a gold medal from the Linnean Society in 1918, and was made a trustee of the British Museum.

Death
Godman died on 19 February 1919 at 45 Pont Street, London, and was laid to rest in Cowfold, Sussex.

Legacy
Godman is commemorated in the scientific names of four species of reptiles: Anolis godmani (a synonym of Anolis limifrons), Cerrophidion godmani, Rhadinella godmani, Thamnophis godmani ; one amphibian, Godman's tree frog (Tlalocohyla godmani); and a heliconiine butterfly, Heliconius godmani.

Works

Books

 Scans from the Internet archive: Volume 1, Volume 2.

Journal articles
Godman published 12 article on birds in the Ibis. Several of these had multiple parts and almost all were with Salvin as a co-author. He also published over 30 articles on butterflies, again mostly with Salvin.

References

Further reading

External links
British Museum collection information

1834 births
1919 deaths
People from Godalming
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English lepidopterists
English ornithologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society
Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society
People from Cowfold

Frederick DuCane Godman


The term type species is used in the scientific naming of living things, and is part of a system using a so-called "type".

The type system is central to the scientific naming of living things (organisms). How exactly it works is different depending on exactly what living thing is considered, but in a very general (and imprecise) sense it may be said that it fixes each name to a particular specimen, the type specimen. This helps in finding out what particular name is to be used for a particular living thing (or a group of living things, a taxon). There are international Codes of nomenclature which set out exactly how types are to be designated and used.

For animals, the type species of a genus (or subgenus) is the type of that genus (or subgenus). The species (hopefully) has a specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) as its type, so the type species is the link between a genus (or subgenus) and a type specimen.

For algae, fungi and plants, it is different: the type species of a genus is the species that has the same type (specimen or illustration) as the genus. For example, Malus sylvestris, the European Wild Apple, is the type species of the genus Malus. Thus, for algae, fungi and plants, a type species plays no great role; it is not an official term, but only a term of convenience.

Notes

Taxonomy

Type species


The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the last novel written by Charles Dickens. The novel was not finished at the time of Dickens's death (9 June 1870) and his ending for it is unknown.

Summary
The story is set in a fictional town called Cloisterham, which is believed to be based on Rochester. It begins as John Jasper is leaving a place in London where opium (a powerful drug) is taken by lots of people. Jasper leads a choir (group of singers) in a large church in Cloisterham. The next day Jasper is visited by his nephew Edwin Drood. Edwin tells Jasper he is worried about getting married to a girl called Rosa Bud. He has to get married to her because his parents and Rosa's parents said they had to.

The next day, Edwin finds Rosa in a nun's house which is a school. At the same time, Jasper wants to learn about the graveyard, so he goes to find a man called Durdles, who knows a lot about the graveyard. A person called Neville Landless has a twin sister called Helena. They are both sent to a school in Cloisterham. Helena goes to live with Rosa in the nuns' house, and Neville is taught by a reverend named Crisparkle.

We find out that Neville doesn't like his stepfather who is a nasty man. He tells this to Crisparkle. Rosa tells Helena that she doesn't like Jasper, who is her music teacher. She says she finds him scary. When Neville meets Rosa, he falls in love with her. He is angry that Edwin Drood doesn't like her very much, but still wants to get married. Edwin makes Neville angry, and Neville attacks him. Jasper tells everyone that Neville is a violent (hurts a lot of people) person.

Reverend Crisparkle wants Edwin and Neville to be friends. He wants to say sorry to Edwin, but only is Edwin accepts the apology (saying sorry). They all decide to have dinner the day before Christmas at Jasper's house, so that everyone can say sorry.

Mr. Gregious who takes care of Rosa, tells Rosa that she has a lot of money. This money is from her father who is dead. She asks him if they money will still be given to her if she doesn't marry Edwin. Mr Gregious says that she will still get the money even if she doesn't marry Edwin. Mr. Gregious meets Edwin and gives him a ring. The ring belonged to Rosa's father, and gave is to Rosa's mother when they got married. Mr Gregious says that if Edwin loves Rosa and wants to stay with her forever, he must give her the ring. If he doesn't love Rosa, and doesn't want to stay with her forever, he must give the ring back to Mr. Gregious. There is another man watching to make sure Mr. Gregious and Edwin follow the rules. Rosa and Edwin talk and they say they both don't want to get married anymore. They want  ask Mr. Grewgious to tell Jasper this. Edwin says he will soon give the ring back.

Meanwhile, Jasper is in the graveyard again with Durdles. Jasper gives Durdles some very strong wine, which makes him drunk. Jasper finds out that Durdles can tap the stone coffins and knows what is in them from this. Jasper is interested in this trick. Suddenly they see a boy called Deputy. Jasper thinks the boy was following them, so he holds him by the neck. He doesn't kill him though, and lets him go.

On Christmas Eve, Neville buys a stick for walking. He wants to do some walking in his spare time in the countryside. Edwin goes to a jewellery shop because his watch is broken. A woman who uses opium (powerful drug) asks him what his first name is. He tells her. She says that she is happy his name is not Ned. She says that Ned is in danger. Edwin doesn't listen to her, but he knows that Jasper sometimes calls him Ned.

They have the planned dinner, and everyone is friends again. Edwin and Neville go down to the river to see the storm. The next day, we find out that Edwin is missing. Jasper tells everyone that Neville killed him. Neville goes off for a walk, but the village people bring him back to the town.

Reverend Crisparkle stops Neville from going to jail by saying that he will look after him. He says that he will bring Neville forward whenever he is needed. Jasper is then told that Edwin and Rosa won't get married. He is very upset. Crisparkle finds Edwin's watch and other belongings at the river.

Half a year later Neville is living in London. A man called Mr. Tartar meets Neville and he wants to share his garden with him. He lives near Neville. A new character called Dick Datchery comes to Cloisterham. He lives near Jasper and watches him. Datchery meets Deputy and asks where Jasper lives. Deputy doesn't ever go near there because he is afraid Jasper will choke (grab his neck) him again.

Jasper goes and visits Rosa. He tells her that he loves her. She tells him to leave. He doesn't give up, and says he will destroy Neville unless she loves him. Because Neville is the brother of her friend Helena, Rosa is frightened. She goes to Mr. Grewgious in London, and Crisparkle follows her. Mr. Tartar meets him and asks him if he knows who he is. Crisparkle remembers that Tartar once saved him from dying in a river. They tell Rosa not to talk to Neville or Helena in case Jasper is watching. However, Tartar lets Rosa meet Helena. Grewgious finds a place for Rosa to live with another woman.

We see that Jasper is visiting the place where lots of people smoke opium in London. He has not been there for a long time. The woman who owns the place follows him. She promises not to lose him again like last time. She follows him all the way to Cloisterham. She meets Mr. Datchery, who tells her Jasper's name. He also says that he is going to sing in the church service in the morning. The woman is called Princess Puffer. She goes to the service and shakes her fist (a sign of anger and hate) at Jasper.

Ending
Dickens died before the story was finished. He made a summary of the story as planned in a letter to his friend John Forster.

Modern versions
Despite its lack of completeness, the novel has a history of media exposure. There are two films (1935 and 1993) and three television versions (1960 and 2012 in English, and 1980 in Russian). The novel has been on radio and in the theatre. There are a number of versions in print.

In general, people have believed what Dicken's friend John Forster reported: Jasper murdered Drood. In 2015, the UK newspaper The Daily Mail and the University of Buckingham asked the public for their solution to the mystery.  Out of 15,000 responses, the overwhelming verdict was that Jasper killed his own nephew and stashed his body in the church crypt, the same solution proposed by Dickens' friends and family.

References

Other websites
The Mystery of Edwin Drood - Published in monthly parts

Books by Charles Dickens
English novels
1870s books
Books first published in serial form

The Mystery of Edwin Drood


The 1st Space Brigade conducts space operations to deliver decisive combat power in support of the Army and joint warfighting communities. Headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the brigade supports joint forces and their critical dependence on space capabilities and products through the unique mission sets of its subordinate battalions and associated unit battalion.

The brigade, activated in 2005 to fill a capability need that became particularly important as the Global Positioning System, Army Space Support Teams and long-haul satellite communications became essential battlefield components, supports warfighters around the world through the activities of two subordinate battalions and one associated unit relationship. The subordinate battalions include the 1st Space Battalion, which stood up in 1999; and the 2nd Space Battalion, which stood up in 2017. The brigade has an associated unit relationship with the Colorado Army National Guard's 117th Space Battalion, which stood up in September 2001.

In fiscal year 2019 the 1st Space Brigade grew with the addition of the five Missile Defense Batteries forward-stationed across U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, U.S. European Command and U.S. Central Command. The batteries operate the forward-based mode AN/TPY-2 radar, conducting ballistic missile tracking operations in support of theater and homeland defense. Additionally, the FBM radar can conduct space surveillance and data collection.

Currently, 25 percent of the brigade's forces are globally dispersed at stations in 17 locations in 11 countries and 6 time zones. This includes locations throughout U.S. Northern Command, U.S. European Command, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command and U.S. Central Command areas of responsibility. Significantly, 60 percent of the brigade's strength execute 24/7/365 missions with the JTAGs, MDBs and current deployments.

The 1st Space Brigade is in constant support of combat operations worldwide. The capabilities the 1st Space Brigade Soldiers leverage in space translate to mission success across all domains and warfighting functions.

Mission: Provide trained and ready space forces to conduct continuous global space force enhancement, space support, space control and special missions in support of combatant commanders, U.S. government agencies and international partners.

Structure
The brigade is composed of the following battalions and separate batteries:
 1st Space Battalion, Fort Carson, Colorado
 The 1st Space Battalion's mission is to plan, integrate, synchronize and execute global theater ballistic missile warning, space situational awareness, space and technical operations support, and assigned contingency activities in support of the Army, joint and combined forces and civil authorities. The 1st Space Battalion provides an operational headquarters for command and control of Army space forces and is currently based out of Fort Carson, Colorado. The 1st Space Battalion consists of four companies, each with a specific focus to help achieve its mission. The battalion's Soldiers have deployed to Afghanistan, Iraq, Oman, Kuwait and Bahrain in support of global operations, while maintaining a full-time, forward-based presence in Italy, Korea, Japan, and Qatar. The battalion operates 24/7/365 integrating space capabilities into operations across 10 locations globally.
 2nd Space Battalion, Colorado
 The 2nd Space Battalion is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Its mission is to plan, integrate, synchronize and execute space situational awareness, space and technical operations support, and assigned contingency activities in support of the Army, joint and combined forces and civil authorities. It is the United States Army Reserve's only space battalion.  The 2nd Space Battalion comprises a Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Space Company, 5th Space Company and 8th Space Company.
 10th Missile Defense Battery, Shariki, Japan
 11th Missile Defense Battery, Turkey
 12th Missile Defense Battery, Saudi Arabia
 13th Missile Defense Battery, Israel
 14th Missile Defense Battery, Kyogamisaki, Japan

The 117th Space Battalion, Colorado Army National Guard has a training, readiness, and oversight (TRO) relationship with the 1st Space Brigade but is not actually part of it, as of 2021.

The Colorado Army National Guard's 117th Space Battalion provides a global presence encompassing its primary mission area, space force enhancement. It performs the difficult task of training the citizen-Soldiers assigned to the unit. This allows their service members to develop as ordinary citizens working in various occupations throughout Colorado and the United States.

The battalion also contributes significantly toward the sustainable readiness of the 1st Space Brigade. The battalion's composition includes two space companies, the 217th and 1158th. Each Space Company mans, trains and equips six Army Space Supports Teams.

List of commanders

 COL Timothy R. Coffin, 27 July 2006
 COL Jeffrey A. Farnsworth, 10 July 2008
 COL Eric P. Henderson, 30 June 2010
 COL James R. Meisinge, July 2012
 COL Thomas L. James, 11 July 2014
 COL Richard Zellmann, 21 June 2016
 COL Eric D. Little, 13 July 2018
 COL Brian C. Bolio, 1 July 2020
 LTC Whitney Hall, ~2020 (acting)
 COL Donald K. Brooks, 5 March 2021
 COL Mark A. Cobos July 2023

See also
 United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command

References

SMDC DCG-O
Space Soldiers ready to defend the homeland against threats from the sky   Sgt. Zachary Sheely, 100th Missile Defense Brigade  (August 17, 2018)
Army Space Support Teams (ARSSTs) from the Colorado Army National Guard's 117th Space Support Battalion

Brigades of the United States Army
Space units and formations of the United States Army
Military units and formations established in 2005

1st Space Brigade