The Wimbledon Effect (Japanese: ウィンブルドン現象, rōmaji: Uinburudon Genshō, literally "Wimbledon Phenomenon") is a chiefly British and Japanese analogy, which possibly originated in Japan, that compares the tennis fame of the Wimbledon Championships with the economic success of the United Kingdom's financial services industries – especially those clustered in the City of London.

The point of the analogy is that a national and international institution (the annual tennis tournament at  Wimbledon) can be highly successful despite the lack of strong native competition, as in modern tennis Britain has produced very few Wimbledon singles champions, with only Anne Jones, Virginia Wade and  Andy Murray winning the tournament in the Open Era.

Financial context
London's financial industry has boomed since the deregulation of British financial markets (the "Big Bang") in the 1980s under the Thatcher government – but has also become dominated by foreign companies, especially American investment banks, rather than British firms (a result opposite to the original intention of the reforms).

The analogy is typically used to mark a debate over whether it matters if an industry is primarily domestically owned if easing of foreign ownership restrictions allows the economy to benefit from foreign investment and increased global competition. The phrase can be used positively to assert the economic success of liberal attitudes towards foreign ownership (and sometimes to emphasize that such attitudes promote a level playing field for domestic and foreign interests alike); or it can be used negatively to emphasize how these policies have eroded a nation's ability to produce globally leading domestic companies. This opposing perspective is represented by economic patriotism and "national champion" policies.

The analogy has also been used in policy discourses outside Britain – most notably in the business discourse of Japan, whose financial markets and other parts of the economy (as of 2006) have not yet been substantially opened up to foreign competition compared with its international peers. It has also, for instance, been used in banking reform debates in South Korea, as well as in discussing business process outsourcing in India.

Sports in Japan
The term has also frequently been appearing in sports in Japan since late 20th century, including sumo where there has been only one Japanese-born yokozuna since 1998 as most of the top players have been from Mongolia or Polynesia. Similarly in combat sports (kakutougi), K-1 was the biggest kickboxing promotion of the world, whereas Pride Fighting Championships was the biggest mixed martial arts promotion of the world. Nevertheless, both K-1 and Pride had few Japanese-born popular players or champions. The vast majority of prominent competitors in K-1 came from the Netherlands or Thailand, while Pride's biggest names were from Brazil, United States, and Russia.

See also
Economic globalization
Foreign ownership of companies of Canada

References

Further reading
"Wheeling & Dealing", Newsweek, 23 January 2006
The Competitive Position of London as a Global Financial Centre, report by City of London Corporation & Z/Yen, November 2005
"Spate of takeover bids 'sign of economic strength'", Financial Times, 14 November 2005
"Buying British", The Guardian, 1 November 2005
"Foreign Penetration of Japan's Investment-Banking Market: Will Japan Experience the 'Wimbledon Effect'?", discussion paper by Nicole Pohl, Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University, July 2002
"What is the Wimbledon Effect shocking the world of sumo?", livedoor, 2 November 2005

Economy of Japan
Economy of London
Economics effects
Financial services in the United Kingdom
Metaphors referring to sport
Sport in Japan
Wimbledon Championships
Tennis culture

Wimbledon Effect


How the Hermit Helped to Win the King's Daughter is an Italian fairy tale, collected by Laura Gonzenbach in Sicilianische Märchen.  Andrew Lang included it in The Pink Fairy Book.

Synopsis

A rich man divided his property among his three sons when he died.

The king offered his daughter to whoever built a ship that traveled over both land and sea.  The oldest son tried, and when old men came to beg for work, sent them all away.  He spent all his money on it, and a squall destroyed it.  The second son tried after him, but ended up the same.

The youngest thought to try as well, because he was not rich enough to support all three of them.  He hired everyone, included a little old man with a white beard whom his brothers had rejected but whom he appointed as overseer.  This old man was a holy hermit.  When the ship was done, he told the youngest son to lay claim to the princess.  The youngest son asked him to stay with him, and the hermit asked him for half of everything he got.  The son agreed.

As they traveled, they came across a man putting fog in a sack, and at the hermit's suggestion, the son asked him to come with them, and so with a man tearing up trees, a man drinking a stream dry, a man shooting a quail in the Underworld, and a man whose steps bestrode an island.

The king did not want to give his daughter to a man of whom he knew nothing.  He ordered the son to take a message to the Underworld and back in an hour.  The long-legged man brought it, but fell asleep in the Underworld, so the man who could shoot shot him, waking him.  The king then demanded a man who could drink half his cellar dry in a day; the man who drank the stream drank the whole cellar dry.  The king agreed to the marriage, but promised only as much dowry as one man could carry, though it was unfit for a princess.  The strong man, who had torn up trees, carried off every piece of treasure the king had.  When the king chased them, the man let the fog from the sack, and they escaped.

The son divided the gold with the hermit, but the hermit pointed out that he had gotten the king's daughter, too.  The son drew his sword to cut her in pieces, but the hermit stopped him, and gave him back all the treasure too, promising to come to his aid if ever he needed it.

See also

Baron Munchausen
The Clever Little Tailor
Fair Brow
The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship
The Griffin
How Six Made Their Way in the World
The King Of Lochlin's Three Daughters
Long, Broad and Sharpsight
The Six Servants

External links
How the Hermit helped to win the King's Daughter

Italian fairy tales
Fiction about magic
Fiction about superhuman features or abilities
Laura Gonzenbach


Vasil Levski is a Bulgarian hero. He was born in Karlovo, Bulgaria in 1837. His real name is Vasil Ivanov Kuncev and Levski was his nickname. His father's name was Ivan Kuncev. Vasil Levski struggled for independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire. He was executed in 1873.

1837 births
1873 deaths
Bulgarian people
Executed people

Vasil Levski


Getting Married is a play by George Bernard Shaw. First performed in 1908, it features a cast of family members who gather together for a marriage. The play analyses and satirises the status of marriage in Shaw's day, with a particular focus on the necessity of liberalising divorce laws.

Characters
Mrs Bridgenorth
Alderman  Collins
General Bridgenorth
Lesbia Grantham
Reginald Bridgenorth
Mrs Reginald "Leo" Bridgenorth
Bishop of Chelsea
St John Hotchkiss
Cecil Sykes
Edith Bridgenorth
Father Anthony Soames
Mrs George Collins

Plot
1908: Edith, youngest daughter of Bishop Bridgenorth, is about to be married. Her uncle General Boxer Bridgenorth, will give her away, as he has all her sisters. As at all the other weddings he proposes to Lesbia Grantham, the bride's aunt, who refuses him for the "tenth and last" time. Lesbia wants a family, but not a husband who smokes and is as untidy as the general. The General is soon shocked to find that his disreputable brother Reginald will be at the wedding. Reginald was recently divorced by his wife for assaulting her and for his adultery with a prostitute. Even more distressingly, his ex-wife Leo is coming too. When the divorcees arrive they are not at all embarrassed. It seems that Leo and her ex-husband arranged the "assault" and the "prostitute" so that they could separate without any blame attaching to Leo, who wishes to marry another man - St John Hotchkiss.

However problems arise when the bride refuses to leave her room. She says she is reading a pamphlet on marriage! Apparently Cecil Sykes, her husband-to-be, is also reading a pamphlet. Both refuse to go to the church until they are finished. The couple finally emerge from their rooms. It seems that the pamphlets have revealed to them the dangers of marriage. She has learned that if her husband becomes a criminal lunatic she cannot divorce him. He has learned that he may be liable for his wife's debts. The bishop, who is writing a book on the history of marriage, suggests that Edith and Cecil should revive the Roman concept of marriage by contract, but he thinks a traditional marriage is better. The Bishop's chaplain, a lawyer, tries to draw up a contract, though it proves a difficult task. All the characters have ideas about what should be in the contract, based on their own experience. There is disagreement on medical, religious, financial and other matters.

Eventually they give up, agreeing that a standard marriage is easier, at least with the possibility of divorce. Cecil and Edith leave together and return married - though the ceremony involved the Beadle giving away the bride. They have arranged with an insurance company a deal that will free Cecil of responsibility for any future debt incurred by his wife. In return Cecil has provided a document declaring that if he commits a crime while insane, his wife may divorce him. Hotchkiss, who, it turns out was being pursued by Leo rather against his own wishes, falls in love with the siren-like Mrs George Collins. Leo therefore tells her ex-husband that their divorce must be revoked.

Preface
The preface to the published version of Getting Married is essentially a discussion of the future of marriage. Shaw takes the view that "Marriage remains practically inevitable", as the alternatives have too many disadvantages. In a future society, he argued, there could be no practicable replacement for marriage, neither individually negotiated deals or unconstrained "free love". Despite this, there was "a very pressing question of improving its conditions". Shaw went on to argue for sensible divorce laws that would protect the welfare of adults and children.

Shaw stated that the form of the play adopts the classical unities, saying "the Greek form is inevitable when drama reaches a certain point in poetic and intellectual evolution."

Critical views
The play is generally considered to be one of Shaw's slighter works. Louis Crompton says that "Getting Married is hardly more than an animated tract". Homer E. Woodbridge says, "It has only small bits of action, and these are divided among three groups of people who are very loosely related. But the subtitle and the comment call attention to the two distinctive peculiarities in the form of the play: it is primarily a discussion, and it consists of only one interminable scene."

References

External links

 Full text of the play.
 Read The Play Online.

1908 plays
Plays by George Bernard Shaw
West End plays

Getting Married


In many mythologies and religions, Hell or the Underworld is a place where souls of wicked people go after their life on Earth. It is a real (but perhaps not physical) place which is controlled by either God, or some lesser supernatural being such as Satan. It is the opposite of Heaven, and is a place apart from God, where there is no love, kindness or empathy. The word "hell" is used in the English version of the Old Testament to translate the Hebrew word for "the grave", , and in the New Testament the Greek , Hades, and , Hebrew Gehenna. Each of those words have a somewhat different meaning from the popular English meaning of hell. In English, hell can also simply mean something very bad, as in "War is Hell".

Jewish beliefs about Hell
Many believe that Jews do not believe in Hell, but Jews really do believe. But it does not consist of eternal torture. Rather, there are lower levels of Heaven that a person can descend to considering the number of mitzvot (commandments) that they have obeyed. Gemorah writings tell the Jews of devil beliefs, but these are stories and are taken lightly. Jews also believe that Satan did exist, but he was an angel that quarreled with God, such as the story of Job.

In Hebrew the word for "the grave", Sheol, is used for the place where people go when they die. It can also mean a place of torment in the after-life, rather than a physical grave In which the body lies.

Etimology/Gehennem
Hebrew, גי הנם (ge hinnom, "Hinnom Valley") Greek, γέεννα (geenna); Latin, gehenna
  'Ge Hinnom' : Hinnom valley

It is thought that the word was derived from the Hebrew composition of "Ge ben hinnom" (the valley of the son of Hinnom) by the fall of the "ben" over time.

  'Ge' : Valley
  'ben' : Son
  'Hinnom' : Hinnom

Gehinnom is the name of the valley in the southwest of Jerusalem, where the Canaanites sacrificed their children to Baal, who was given the title Moloch or malik in Arabic.  It was used as a garbage dump, where fires always burned and so became a symbol for hell.

Christian beliefs about Hell

In Christianity, Hell is the place the souls of people go who did not believe in God and receive the forgiveness which Jesus offers. In Hell, souls suffer and wait for the Last Judgement, a time when all people, living and dead, will be judged by God. The concept of Hell in Christianity comes from the Bible and the "casting out" of Lucifer. Jesus referred to hell as "prepared for the Devil and his angels". In being cast out, he was removed from the God's presence. Therefore, if taken in its most literal sense, Hell is eternal separation from God. Stated another way, to the Christian mind being separated from God is to be in Hell. Some Christians believe that Hell has real fire and flames, but others do not. Jesus spoke of Hell in several places as a punishment for evil.

Many Christian groups believe once a soul goes to Hell, it stays forever. However, some Christian groups think Hell is a temporary place that souls may leave at some point. Others believe in a permanent Hell but a temporary Purgatory. Still others believe those who do not go to Heaven stop existing instead of going to Hell. These Christians are called annihilationists.

Other religions' beliefs about Hell

The Ancient Greeks believed that souls would go to different places within the underworld. One of those places, called Tartaros, was like Hell. The god Hades was the ruler of the underworld.
 In Buddhism, there are three types of hells, called Naraka. Unlike in Judaism and Christianity, souls are born into these places based on their karma. They spend a certain amount of time there and are then reborn somewhere else.
 In Islam, Hell is called Jahannam, and it is a place of punishment. Muslims disagree, if hell is eternal or not. Most Muslims are sure that at least Muslims will only remain in hell for a certain period, but the fate of other people is unknown. In Islam, except for Muʿtazila, hell has been created already. Some Muslims belief that hell can influence this world or that dead people are currently in hell. Muhammad is believed to have visited hell during his journey on Buraq. Iblis (Satan) is also believed to be at the bottom of hell now. Yet, hell is not the home of demons, demons are punished in hell too. Although some Muslims believe people in this world can interact with people from heaven or hell, most Muslim Theology authors state that people cannot pass between the world of the living and hell.
 In Shintoism, Hell (Yomi) is similar to the Greek Hades, in that all souls go there, no matter their actions in life, to have a miserable existence forever.
 In Chinese mythology, Hell is called Diyu. It is described as a maze with many levels and chambers divided into "courts" where souls are taken to atone for their sins in life. Diyu is ruled by Yanluo Wang, the "King of Hell". Unlike the Judeo-Christian Hell, however, punishment there is not eternal and once a soul has atoned for its sins and redeemed itself, he/she will be sent back to the world to be reborn.
 Satanists do not believe in Hell. The term "Hell" does appear in The Satanic Bible when discussing other religions' beliefs on Hell.

References

Related pages
Heaven
Greek underworld
Hel (realm)
Yomi

Afterlife
Religious terminology

Hell


Sambucus is a genus in the family Adoxaceae. It is commonly called Elder or Elderberry. It includes several similar types of shrubs that produce fruit that is also called elderberries. The plant can be found in swampy habitats and other areas that provide enough water.

Black Elderberry has been found to be effective against the H5N1 strain of Avian Flu (Zakay-Rones et al. 1995). Black Elderberry contains a unique compound called Antivirin® that can help protect healthy cells and inactivate infectious viruses. When given to patients, scientists have found the Black Elderberry, has the ability to ward off flu infections quickly (Zakay-Rones 2004). Black Elderberries are rich in anthocyanins which are a type of flavonoid – anthocyanins are antioxidants that may protect cells from free radicals and support your body's immune system.
Black Elderberries have almost 5 times as many anthocyanins as Blueberries and twice the overall antioxidant capability of cranberries
Black Elderberry has a more potent antiviral effect than Echinacea. At sites in Switzerland and Italy, researchers have uncovered evidence that the black elderberry may have been cultivated by prehistoric man, and there are recipes for elderberry-based medications in the records dating as far back as Ancient Egypt. Historians, however, generally trace the tradition of the elderberry's healing power back to Hippocrates, the ancient Greek known as the "father of medicine," who described this plant as his "medicine chest" for the wide variety of ailments it seemed to cure.

Over the centuries, elderberry has been used to treat colds, flu, fever, burns, cuts, and more than 70 other maladies, from a toothache to the plague. In the 17th century, John Evelyn, a British researcher, declared, "If the medicinal properties of its leaves, bark, and berries were fully known, I cannot tell what our countryman could ail for which he might not fetch a remedy [from the elderberry], either for sickness or wounds."

Elderberry can grow in the form of a shrub or small tree, reaching up to 6 feet in height and width depending on the variety. It blooms during the spring or summer, and its flowers contain both male and female reproductive systems in the event that it is unable to reproduce through cross-pollination. It can be used to create a violet dye.

Other websites

Berries
Dipsacales

Sambucus


Frederick Delius (b.Bradford, 29 Jan.1862; d.Grez-sur-Loing, 10 June 1934) was an English composer. At first his parents did not let him study music, so he went off to Florida to work on an orange plantation. He later returned, studied music, and settled in France for the rest of his life. His music is often quite gentle and atmospheric, with chords that shift about in unusual ways. One of his best known orchestral works is On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring. In his last years he was very ill, but he still wanted to compose, so he dictated the music he heard in his head to a man called Eric Fenby.

1862 births
1934 deaths
20th-century English composers

Frederick Delius


Herman Steiner (April 15, 1905 – November 25, 1955) was an American chess player, organizer, and columnist.
He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950.
Even more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast.
An exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.

Biography
Born in Dunaszerdahely, Austria-Hungary (now Dunajská Streda, Slovakia), Steiner came to New York City at a young age.
For a time, he was active as a boxer.
At age 16 he was a member of the Hungarian Chess Club and the Stuyvesant Chess Club.
With the experience he gained in the active New York City chess scene, Steiner rapidly developed his chess skill and in 1929 he tied for first place (with Jacob Bernstein) in the New York State championship tournament at Buffalo.
The same year he was first in the Premier Reserves at Hastings, England.

Steiner left New York for the West, settling in Los Angeles in 1932.
He became chess editor of the Los Angeles Times that year, writing a chess column until his death.
He formed the Steiner Chess Club, later called the Hollywood Chess Group, headquartered in a clubhouse next to the Steiner residence.
The Hollywood Chess Group was visited by many movie stars including Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Charles Boyer, and José Ferrer.
Steiner and the Hollywood Chess Group organized the Pan-American International Tournament in 1945 and the Second Pan-American Chess Congress in 1954.

Steiner played three challenge matches against Reuben Fine, one of the world's top players. Fine won all three matches: by 5½–4½ at New York 1932, by 3½–½ at Washington, D.C. 1944, and by 5–1 at Los Angeles 1947.

One of his major international wins was at the 1946 London Victory Invitational, the first significant European tournament held after the end of World War II. Steiner challenged Arnold Denker in 1946 to a match for the United States Chess Championship at Los Angeles, but lost 6–4. In 1948 Steiner won the United States Chess Championship at South Fallsburg, New York, ahead of Isaac Kashdan.

Steiner was a member of the United States Chess Federation's teams sent abroad to the Chess Olympiads in The Hague 1928, Hamburg 1930, Prague 1931 and Dubrovnik 1950. As reigning U.S. champion he captained the 1950 team.

In the historic 1945 USA–USSR radio match between teams from the US and the USSR, Steiner was the only U.S. player to achieve a plus score.
Although the American team including Reuben Fine, Samuel Reshevsky, Arnold Denker, and Isaac Kashdan, was badly beaten, Steiner scored 1½–½ against Igor Bondarevsky.

Steiner was very active as a player in West Coast tournaments, winning the only two California Open tournaments he entered in 1954 and 1955, and winning the California State Championship in 1953 and 1954.
He was defending his State Championship in Los Angeles in 1955, when after finishing his fifth-round game (a 62-move draw against William Addison) he felt unwell and his afternoon game was postponed.
About 2 hours later around 9:30 pm, Steiner died practically instantaneously of a massive coronary occlusion while being attended by a physician.
By agreement of the players, the 1955 California State Championship tournament was canceled.

Tournament record

References

External links

Hungarian chess players
American chess players
Jewish chess players
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United States
Hungarian Jews
Chess Olympiad competitors
American chess writers
Chess International Masters
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Sportspeople from Dunajská Streda
1905 births
1955 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century chess players
People from New York City

Herman Steiner


Lamellibrachia is a genus of cold seep tube worms. These are related to giant tube worms. They live on the floor of the oceans, near cold seeps. There crude oil and methane leak out of the ocean floor.

The worm forms a symbiosis with certain bacteria which can oxidise sulphides. The worm provides the bacteria with hydrogen sulphide and oxygen. It does this by taking them up from the environment and binding them to a haemoglobin molecule. In return, the bacteria feed the worm. The worms can grow to a length of about 3 metres.

Together, they form a 'biogenic habitat' by creating groups of hundreds or thousands of individuals. Living in these aggregations are over a hundred different species of organism, many of which are found only at these seeps.

Cold seeps and hydrothermal vents are the only known communities that do not rely on photosynthesis for food and energy production. Unlike hydrothermal vents, which are short-lived environments, cold seeps leak oil and gas slowly. Probably because of the cooler temperatures and stability, many cold seep organisms are much longer-lived than those inhabiting hydrothermal vents. These worm grow very slowly, but can reach lengths of over 10 feet (3 metres). This means individuals may live over 250 years.

References

Annelids

Lamellibrachia


A gribble is any species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small (1-4  mm long) crustaceans.

The term gribble was originally used for the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Rathke in 1799, Limnoria lignorum. The Limnoriidae have species which bore into seaweed and sea grass, as well as wood borers.

There are three genera, Paralimnoria, Limnoria and Lynseia. Limnoria has species in most seas. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species.

Gribbles bore into wood and plant material for food. The cellulose of wood is digested. The most destructive species are Limnoria lignorum, L. tripunctata and L. quadripunctata. According to an expert, they are the only animals able to make a cellulase to dissolve plant cell walls. Other animals that eat plant fibres make use of bacteria in their gut to produce the enzyme. Gribbles do not. This has led some biologists to think of biofuels.

Related pages
Gut flora

References

Isopods

Gribble


John Biscoe (28 April 1794 – 1843) was an English mariner and explorer who commanded the first expedition known to have sighted the areas named Enderby Land and Graham Land along the coast of Antarctica. The expedition also found a number of islands in the vicinity of Graham Land, including the Biscoe Islands that were named after him.

Early life
Biscoe was born in Enfield, Middlesex, England. In March 1812, aged seventeen, he joined the Royal Navy and served during the 1812–1815 war against the United States. By the time of his discharge in 1815, he had become a justice Master. Thereafter he sailed on board merchant shipping as a mate or master, mostly to the East or West Indies.

Southern Ocean expedition, 1830–1833

In 1830, the whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons appointed Biscoe master of the brig Tula and leader of an expedition to find new sealing grounds in the Southern Ocean. Accompanied by the cutter Lively, the Tula left London and by December had reached the South Shetland Islands. The expedition then sailed further south, crossing the Antarctic Circle on 22 January 1831, before turning east at 60°S.

A month later, on 24 February 1831, the expedition sighted bare mountain tops through the ocean ice. Biscoe correctly surmised that they were part of a continent and named the area Enderby Land in honour of his patrons. On 28 February, a headland was spotted, which Biscoe named Cape Ann; the mountain atop the headland would later be named Mount Biscoe. Biscoe kept the expedition in the area while he began to chart the coastline, but after a month his and his crews' health were deteriorating. The expedition sailed toward Australia, reaching Hobart, Tasmania in May, but not before two crew members had died from scurvy.

The expedition wintered in Hobart before heading back toward the Antarctic. On 15 February 1832, Adelaide Island was discovered and two days later the Biscoe Islands. A further four days later, on 21 February, more extensive coastline was spotted. Surmising again that he had encountered a continent, Biscoe named the area "Graham Land", after First Lord of the Admiralty Sir James Graham. Biscoe landed on Anvers Island and claimed to have sighted the mainland of the Antarctic continent.

Biscoe again began charting the new coastline the expedition had found and by the end of April 1832 he had become the third man (after James Cook and Fabian von Bellingshausen) to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent. On the journey home, in July, the Lively was wrecked at the Falkland Islands. The expedition nonetheless returned to London safely by the beginning of 1833.

In 1833, Biscoe was again commissioned by Samuel Enderby & Sons to make another voyage of exploration. However, he resigned from the effort, probably because of his health. He instead engaged in the West Indies trade in a much warmer climate. He next took part in sailing ventures in Australian waters.

John Biscoe died at sea in 1843 while on a voyage to bring his family from Tasmania back to England. He was 49 years old.

Memorials
A group of islands and a mountain are named for him. The Biscoe Islands were discovered off the west coast of Graham Land in February 1832, during his Antarctic circumnavigation aboard Tula and Lively. Mount Biscoe is a distinctive 700m black peak, the high point of Cape Ann in East Antarctica. Discovered by Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (by air in 1929) and Mawson (1930), it is thought to have been seen by Biscoe in 1831.

Two British research ships have been named in his honour. After conversion to an ice-strengthened research ship for the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, HMS Pretext was renamed . She reverted to RRS Pretext in 1956, to allow the name to be used for , a new ship with a longer range and greater cargo-carrying capacity.

Footnotes

Bibliography
 John Biscoe, edited George Murray, From the Journal of a Voyage towards the South Pole on board the brig Tula, under the command of John Biscoe, with the cutter Lively in company, Royal Geographical Society, London: 1901.

External links
 Information page for the John Biscoe archives held at the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge.
 Chronology of Antarctic Events

1794 births
1843 deaths
British sailors
Explorers of Antarctica
19th-century explorers
People from Enfield, London
Biscoe Islands
Recipients of the Royal Geographical Society Founder's Medal

John Biscoe


Schlumbergera is a genus of cacti. The genus includes six species, originally found in south-eastern Brazil. These cacti, along with a number of cultivars are common houseplants. They are also known as Christmas Cactus or Thanksgiving Cactus. This name refers to the time of the year when the cacti flourish, in Europe. In the wild, the cacti grow on trees as epiphytes or rocks, and can form shrubss up to  high. The cacti do not have leaves, the green stem segments do photosynthesis. Charles Lemaire first described them in 1858. It is named after Frédéric Schlumberger a cactus collector and plant breeder.

Cactaceae

Schlumbergera


Louis Vierne (8 October 1870 – 2 June 1937) was a French organist and composer. He wrote a lot of music for the organ, including six large works called symphonies, 24 Fantasy Pieces (which includes his famous Carillon de Westminster), and 24 Pieces In Free Style. Some of these can be played on the harmonium as well as on the organ.

Life
Vierne was born in Poitiers. He was almost completely blind from birth. He faced a lifetime of professional frustration, sickness, blindness, loss of family and friends, and disappointments. This all influenced his music.

He died while giving an organ recital at Notre Dame.

Organ symphonies

 Organ Symphony No. 1 in D minor, Op. 14 (1898–1899)
 Organ Symphony No. 2 in E minor, Op. 20 (1902–1903)
 Organ Symphony No. 3 in F♯ minor, Op. 28 (1911)
 Organ Symphony No. 4 in G minor, Op. 32 (1914)
 Organ Symphony No. 5 in A minor, Op. 47 (1923–1924)
 Organ Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 59 (1930)

Symphony No. 6 exploits the full 12-tone chromatic scale. Vierne's pupil Maurice Duruflé played the Symphony's first performance at Notre Dame in 1935.

References
 Woodstra, Chris, et. al. 2005. All Music Guide to Classical Music. All Music Guide, LLC. p. 1456.

1870 births
1937 deaths
20th-century French composers
Romantic composers
Poitiers

Louis Vierne


Mitrovica can also refer to Kosovska Mitrovica, a city in Kosovo

Sremska Mitrovica is a city in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Today, about 39.000 people live in the city, about 85.000 in its urban area. The city has a long history going back to the Romans. Many Roman emperors were born in or around the city.

Cities in Serbia

Sremska Mitrovica


Rayones is a municipality in the Mexican state o Nuevo León.  It is namit efter the Rayón brithers, who wu insurgent heroes o the kintra's unthirldom achievit in 1821. The toun wis foondit in 1852.

It is a sma veelage consistin o fowerteen streets, lyin in the middle o the Sierra Madre Oriental muntain range, in the northeast o Mexico. In the aurie near Rayones are the municipalities o Galeana (due sooth), Santiago (due north), an the state o Coahuila, due wast. Rayones marks the beginnin o the Zona Ixtlera, the soothmaist region o the state o Nuevo León.

Access tae Rayones is difficult. The main heich-gate, comin frae Montemorelos, is a challenge for maist drivers. The unpaved heich-gate comin frae Galeana is even mair risky, as it is a twa-wey road whaur anerlie ane vehicle fits; it is rocky, lined bi a dangerous cliff an haes nae guard rail.

Rayones, housomeivver, is a touristic delicht for affroad enthusiasts who traivel lang distances frae the state's caipital, Monterrey, crossin the Pilón river, the toun's primary watter soorce. Several lodgin places surroond the toun, an the local hotel accommodates the convoys. The municipality haes some interestin laundmerks sic as La Cebolla (the Onion), a hilltop wi a pleasurable scenic owerview.

Extensive pecan tree plantations in the region bring prosperity tae Rayones; pecans bein the main product commercializit bi locals. The traditional 'Feria de la Nuez' or Pecan Fair is held annually as a tourist attraction an a merchant exchynge, wi traditional dances an exhibitions affered an aw.

Municipalities o Nuevo León
Populatit places in Nuevo León

Rayones


Tithe: A Modern Faerie Tale is a young-adult fantasy novel written by Holly Black. It was published in 2002 by Simon & Schuster, who recommended it for "ages 12 up". Sequels--Valiant (2005) and Ironside (2007)--completed a trilogy that is sometimes called [A] Modern Tale of Faerie, the subtitle of volume two.

The novel is set on the Jersey Shore and Black calls it "suburban fantasy, as opposed to urban fantasy".

Tithe was one of five finalists for the annual Mythopoeic Fantasy Award in children's literature.

Plot summary

Tithe follows the story of sixteen-year-old American, Kaye Fierch, a young nomad who tours the country with her mother's rock band. The book begins in Philadelphia, at a gig her mother's band Stepping Razor is playing in a seedy bar in Philadelphia. After her mother's boyfriend and guitarist, Lloyd, attempts to stab her mother under the enchantment of Nephamael (a knight of the Unseelie Court) her mother takes her back to Kaye's grandmother's house in New Jersey to stay.

Once at her grandmother's house, Kaye begins to look for her old "imaginary" friends she had during her childhood, faeries named Lutie-Loo, Spike, and Gristle. However, she fails to find them and, begins to suspect that they were simply figments of her imagination.  Her suspicions dissolve when she finds and saves the life of Roiben, a faerie knight, by pulling an iron-tipped arrow from his chest. In return, he grants her three truthfully answered questions about anything she chooses, which she does not immediately use. Soon after this, Spike and Lutie-Loo contact her and warn her that Roiben is a murderer who has killed Gristle. As revenge, Kaye tricks Roiben into telling her his full name (she later learns that faeries can be controlled by their true names).

Later on, her friends tell her that she is a changeling and that she should keep her human appearance, because the Unseelie Court wishes to use her as a "Tithe" in order to bind the Solitary Fey to the Court's queen, Nicnevin. Since Kaye is not mortal, the ritual will be forfeit, and the fey whom the Unseelie Court wishes to bind will go free. Kaye attempts to control her newfound abilities by enlisting the help of a kelpie to teach her how to use magic. She is soon kidnapped by a group of fairies, as planned and is taken to the Unseelie Court to go through the sacrificial ceremony. Before the ceremony, Roiben has a dress made for her and allowed her to stay with him that night, when they acknowledge each other's feelings. At the climax of the ceremony, Kaye uses Roiben's full name and orders him to free her from her bonds before she is killed, resulting in a bloodbath between Roiben and the court, and then fleeing to safety. He kills the queen of the Unseelie Court and many of her guards.

Kaye and Roiben spend the day at Kaye's home, and discover that strange events are affecting the mortal world. Odd reports of mauling and kidnappings are reported on the news and Roiben makes Kaye understand that this is a result of the solitary fey being free for the next seven years. Kaye receives a call from her friend Janet, inviting her to come to a Halloween rave held at the waterfront, she tries to persuade her not to go but fails. After a failed attempt to receive help from her "imaginary" faerie friends, Roiben and Kaye attend the rave. They are separated, and Kaye successfully locates her friends, but briefly leaves them to apologize to Janet's boyfriend for bewitching him earlier in the novel. However, she finds that the kelpie who lives near the waterfront has taken Janet into the water to kill her. In the novel, it is suggested that Janet went with him out of loneliness and a desire to get revenge on her boyfriend for going off with Kaye. Kaye follows but is too late and she manages to convince the kelpie to relinquish her body. Roiben finds Kaye mourning for her friend and gets her home.

The next morning, she and Roiben travel to the Seelie Court's camp some distance away to see if Corny is there. They reach a dead end, but discover that the knight (Nephamael) has proclaimed himself the king of the Unseelie Court.  Roiben is suspicious of the situation and thinks that it is a trap for Kaye and him. Later, Roiben's suspicions are proved correct when they enter the Unseelie Court. Nephamael, who had discovered Roiben's true name from Spike before killing him, uses it to take control over Roiben. He orders him to seize Kaye, but Roiben uses trickery to let her get away. Kaye then devises a plan to poison Nephamael, while Corny and Roiben amuse him. She goes through with it; however, before Nephamael is dead, the Seelie Queen arrives, hoping to take over the court (right after her arrival Corny goes insane and stabs Nephamael multiple times, ultimately killing him). Roiben prevents the Queen's takeover attempt by claiming the throne as his.

Characters
Kaye Fierch – Kaye is the headstrong and independent protagonist of Tithe. She is secretly a changeling put in place of the real Kaye Fierch who resides in the Bright Court with Lady Silarial, though she herself is unaware of this until two-thirds of the way through the novel. She is intelligent, mature, and full of guile but sometimes naive.
Ellen Fierch – Kaye's mother. A struggling rock singer, she tours the country with her rock band, Stepping Razor, until an attack by Nephamael in the form of a controlled Lloyd forces her to move back in with her own mother temporarily. Fiery spirited but caring, she is more of a friend to Kaye than a parental figure.
Roiben (Rath Roiben Rye) – A noble Seelie knight traded to the Unseelie Queen before the beginning of the novel as part of a truce agreement between the courts. He is a strong fighter and feared by many. He has a strong attraction to Kaye for reasons he does not initially understand. He is one of the main supporting characters along with Corny. Inwardly hating the cruelty he is forced to perform for his new Queen, he thus harbours deep feelings of self-loathing and self-despair.
Corny (Cornelius Stone) – Janet's older brother. He is quite antisocial and even entertains murderous fantasies, but he ends up bonding with Kaye. Along with Roiben, he is one of the main supporting characters. He is a computer geek who loves comic books and manga - yaoi in particular. He is gay and out to his sister and family, and comes out early on to Kaye. He enthusiastically helps Kaye when she discovers her faerie nature, but he is eventually seduced, enchanted, and captured by Nephamael who makes him his lover and slave. Corny seems to have a taste for submission and a certain level of pain, but he gets more than he bargained for with Nephamael.
Janet Stone – Corny's younger sister and Kaye's best friend since elementary school. Suspects Kaye of flirting with Kenny, as Kenny is mentioned flirting with numerous girls in the novel. She is oblivious to her friend and brother's faerie dealings. Later on in the plot a kelpie drowns her during a rave that Kaye and Roiben attend. Kay tries to save her but is unable to.
Lutie-Loo – One of Kaye's faerie friends from childhood. She is the classic 'Tinkerbell', being only as few inches high with cornsilk hair and wings.
Spike – One of Kaye's faerie friends from childhood. Harbours strong dislike and distrust of Roiben. He is killed by Nephamael towards the end of the novel after giving him information in the hopes of gaining his favour.
Gristle – The last of Kaye's faerie friends from childhood. He is killed by Roiben during a 'fox hunt' after stealing cakes from the Unseelie Court and does not appear in the novel.
Nephamael – Initially a knight of the Unseelie court, he is traded for Roiben as part of the Queen's truce. He hates his new "home" and delights in taking the throne of the Night Court for himself at the end of the novel. He is cruel, manipulating and ruthless, and takes great pleasure in toying with humans and lesser faeries, especially when he meets Corny, whom he makes his pet. He ultimately pays the price for his cruelty, slain by Corny in a fit of murderous insanity whilst under the influence of magic.
Silarial –  The Seelie Queen, sister to Nicnevin and Roiben's former mistress. It is believed she orchestrated the whole plot to kill Kaye and free the solitary fey.
Nicnevin – The Unseelie Queen, sister to Silarial. Beautiful as she is evil, she passes her days plotting against the Seelie kingdom and amusing herself and her subjects with cruel pastimes. She selects Kaye for the Tithe in order to gain control of the Soitary Fey, though the sacrifice is interrupted by Kaye taking control of Roiben during the ceremony. She is slain by Roiben during the ensuing chaos.
Kenny – Janet's boyfriend, he becomes attracted to Kaye because she unwittingly enchanted him.
The Kelpie – A murderous waterhorse and one of the Solitary Fey, who teaches Kaye magic and how to make a glamour in return for a carousel horse companion. He kills Janet later in the novel, luring her away from a party on the Pier.

Critical reception

Emily Lauer reviewed Tithe for the Mythopoeic Society in Mythprint. She opened and closed, "I used to hate the formula reviews ... Tithe, for all that is new and unique, can be easily described ...  if I was to use the formula: Take the ambiance of Weetzie Bat [1989], part of the plot of Moorchild [1997], add two parts fangirl and one part Shakespearean rhetoric, place in New Jersey and stir; I would not be far from the truth." Lauer observed that Tithe "is most decidedly a girl's book" and its plot is "fairly complex" for ages 12–14. In New Jersey Black's "sense of place is astute". Like the moorchild, Kaye is a changeling who "goes underground to discover her roots. The drama and action are mostly there, in the faery world, where Kaye must discover everybody's loyalties and try to stay alive." The faery world is believable. The "characters are well-read, and refer to fantasy fiction of all mediums", which works well.

References

External links
 Tithe at Holly Black (blackholly.com)

2002 American novels
Contemporary fantasy novels
Young adult fantasy novels
Novels set in New Jersey
2002 fantasy novels
Simon & Schuster books
Novels by Holly Black
Novels about fairies and sprites

Tithe (novel)


The Baitarani (also spelled Vaitarani) is one of six major rivers of Odisha, India.  Venerated in popular epics and legends, the Baitarani River is a source of water for agricultural irrigation.   The coastal plain of Odisha has the name of "Hexadeltaic region" or the "Gift of Six Rivers". These deltas divide the coastal plain into three regions from north to south. The Baitarani, the Mahanadi and the Brahmani rivers form the Middle Coastal Plain, with evidence of past "back bays" and present lakes.

Sources

The Baitarani originates from the Gonasika/Guptaganga (Cow Nose Shaped) hills, and starts flowing over a stone looking like the nostril of a cow. Afterwards for about half a kilometre the river flows underground and is not visible from outside. The Baitarani is known here by the name Guptaganga or the Gupta Baitarani, in Gonasika of Keonjhar district in Odisha state of India at an elevation of  above sea level. The uppermost part of the river, about  in length, flows in a northerly direction; then it changes its path suddenly by 90 degrees and flows eastward. The beginning portion of Baitarani acts as the small part of boundary between the states of Odisha and Jharkhand.

Course
The river enters a plain at Anandapur and creates a deltaic zone at Akhuapada. The river travels a distance of  to drain into the Bay of Bengal after joining of the Brahmani at Dhamra mouth near Chandabali. The river has 65 tributaries, of which 35 join from the left side and 30 join from the right side. The river basin in Odisha is spread among 42 blocks of eight districts. Budhi, Kanjori, Ambajhara, Mushal, Kusei, Salandi are some of the tributaries of Baitarani.

Location
A major portion of the river basin lies within the state of Odisha, while a small patch of the upper reach lies in Jharkhand state. The upper Baitarani basin on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats, comprising the Panposh-Keonjhar-Pallahara plateau, is one of the two plateaus forming "The Central Plateaus"—one of Odisha's five major morphological regions.

Dams and barrages

Dams and barrages on the Baitarani and its major tributary, the Salandi, irrigate . The proposed Bhimkund and upper Baitarani multi-purpose projects envisage many more dams across this river and its tributaries to provide irrigation to more than .
A new barrage was established near Anandapur and it was inaugurated by the CM of Odisha, Naveen Patnaik.

Flooding
Flooding is a regular phenomenon in the Baitarani basin. The inhabitants, near the river, live in a fear of loss to life and property. Even a two-day rain in July 2005 caused the river to overflow its banks, affecting 140,000 people in 220 villages of Jajpur and Bhadrak districts.  In at least two  places the embankments were breached and marooning occurred, inflicting massive losses of life and property. Apart from the long pending construction of a dam at Bhimkund and proposed other measures like river bed excavation and construction of embankments etc. in the deltaic region, there remain the unaddressed land use issues in the upstream, to which, till date, no serious thoughts or efforts have been directed.

Industry and water quality
Due to drainage into the Bay of Bengal, its water become salty as it heads towards the end of the River.

Baitarani basin, with its rich mineral and agricultural resources and with availability of cheap labour, offered an ideal ground for establishment and operation of various industries.  However, the principal development activities in the industrial, agricultural and mining sectors have contributed significantly towards deterioration in the water quality.

Cultural impact
It forms part of the boundary between Balasore district and Undivided Cuttack district. There is a saying that "he who bathes in it and gives alms will always be free from torments inflicted by Yama."

The district Jajpur is the gift of river Baitarani. Historical evidences show early civilization on the bank of this river. Currently the district is subject to massive floods which are common during monsoon.

References

Rivers of Jharkhand
Rivers of Odisha
Geography of Odisha

Baitarani River


Oldsmobile wis a brand o automobile produced for maist o its existence by General Motors. It was founded by Ransom E. Olds in 1897. In its 107-year history, it produced 35.2 million caurs, includin at least 14 million built at its Lansing, Michigan factory. When it wis phased oot in 2004, Oldsmobile wis the auldest survivin American automobile marque, an ane o the auldest in the warld, efter Daimler an Peugeot. Oldsmobile wis General Motors' first brand tae be phased oot in the 21st century, efter the company's Geo an Canadian-market Asüna brands wur phased oot in the 1990s, an afore the discontinuation o General Motors' Pontiac, Saturn, an Hummer brands in 2010.

Motor vehicle manufacturers o the Unitit States
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers o the Unitit States
Companies established in 1897
Companies disestablished in 2004
Companies based in Lansing, Michigan
Transportation in Lansing, Michigan
Oldsmobile
Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
Caur manufacturers o the Unitit States
Defunct brands
General Motors marques
Defunct companies based in Michigan
IndyCar ingine manufacturers

Oldsmobile


People in Ancient Rome had certain rights depending on who they were. Some were citizens, and had rights that non-citizens did not have. The rights available to individual citizens of Rome varied over time, according to their place of origin and their service to the state. They also varied under Roman law according to the classification of the individual within the state. Various legal classes were defined by the various combinations of legal rights that each class enjoyed.

Client state citizens and allies (socii) of Rome could receive a limited form of Roman citizenship such as the Latin Right. Such citizens could not vote or be elected in Roman elections. Slaves were considered property, not legal persons and unable to be citizens. Over time, they acquired a few protections under Roman law.

Rights available to citizens under Roman law addressed included:

Ius suffragiorum: The right to vote in the Roman assemblies.

Ius gentium: The legal recognition, developed in the 3rd century BC, of the growing international scope of Roman affairs, and the need for Roman law to deal with situations between Roman citizens and foreign persons. The ius gentium was therefore a Roman legal codification of the widely accepted international law of the time, and was based on the highly developed commercial law of the Greek city-states and of other maritime powers. The rights afforded by the ius gentium were considered to be held by all persons; it is thus a concept of human rights rather than rights attached to citizenship.

Ius conubii: The right to have a lawful marriage with a Roman citizen according to Roman principles, to have the legal rights of the paterfamilias over the family, and for the children of any such marriage to be counted as Roman citizens.

Ius migrationis: The right to preserve one's level of citizenship upon relocation to a polis of comparable status. For example, members of the cives Romani (see below) maintained their full civitas when they migrated to a Roman colony with full rights under the law: a colonia civium Romanorum. Latins also had this right, and maintained their ius Latii if they relocated to a different Latin state or Latin colony (Latina colonia). This right did not preserve one's level of citizenship should one relocate to a colony of lesser legal status; full Roman citizens relocating to a Latina colonia were reduced to the level of the ius Latii, and such a migration and reduction in status had to be a voluntary act.

The right of immunity from some taxes and other legal obligations, especially local rules and regulations.

The right to sue in the courts and the right to be sued.

The right to have a legal trial (to appear before a proper court and to defend oneself).

The toga was the characteristic garment of the rich Roman male citizen, and statues of emperors (here Antoninus Pius) frequently depict them togate (togatus).

Ancient Rome

Roman citizenship


Helen Hull Jacobs (August 6, 1908 - June 2, 1997, Globe, Arizona) was an American tennis player. She was a former number 1 ranked player. Jacobs won the championship at Wimbledon in 1936. She won a total of 10 Grand Slam titles. Jacobs won the US National championship in singles (1932-1935), doubles (1932, 1934-35) and mixed doubles (1934). She is best known for her rivalry with Helen Wills Moody.

1908 births
1997 deaths
American tennis players
LGBT people from Arizona
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Sportspeople from Arizona

Helen Jacobs


Sounds Incorporated, first recorded as Sounds Inc., was a British instrumental pop/rock group which recorded extensively in the 1960s.

Career
Sounds Incorporated formed in early 1961, in Dartford, Kent, and gained a reputation in nearby South London for the fullness of their saxophone-led instrumental sound. In August 1961, after Gene Vincent's band, The Blue Caps, had been denied permission to work in the UK, Sounds Incorporated won the opportunity to back Vincent on his British tour and on recordings in London. This led to further opportunities to back other visiting American artists, including Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Brenda Lee and Sam Cooke.

Their only record with Parlophone, "Mogambo", failed to achieve significant sales. The band then moved to Decca, where they released a trio of singles, the last of which was recorded with producer Joe Meek, again with little success. However, while performing in Hamburg in Germany, they met and befriended the Beatles and in 1963 signed to Brian Epstein's management company, NEMS. In the same year, they appeared as musical guests in the film Live It Up!

The band's first two singles on new label Columbia, "The Spartans" and "Spanish Harlem", made the UK Singles Chart in 1964. These were the only successes that Sounds Incorporated enjoyed in their home country. That same year they became Cilla Black's backing band, and released their first album called Sounds Incorporated. It contained many stage favourites, but not their recent chart successes. The group's third Columbia single, a version of the "William Tell Overture", was included and turned out to be their greatest success in Australia, where it reached number 2.

The group toured the world as the Beatles' opening act, including the August 1965 concert at New York City's Shea Stadium. Sounds Incorporated's continuing popularity ensured a stream of work, including backing duties at the televised NME awards. In December 1964, NME reported that Sounds Incorporated would appear at the Hammersmith Odeon at the "Another Beatles Christmas Show".

Unusual musical instruments were a feature. The battery-operated Clavioline keyboard (as used by the Tornados) is heard on "Keep Movin'", but is also heard prominently on their previous disc before Meek, "Sounds Like Locomotion". Al Holmes played the lead melody on flute throughout "The Spartans".

1966 was the first year the group released no singles in their home country, although they recorded a second album, again simply titled Sounds Incorporated. This was released on EMI's fledgling Studio 2 label, primarily to show off EMI's mid-1960s advances and developments in stereo recording techniques. Any singles taken off the LP for foreign markets were in that format's standard mono, however, making these unusual items for UK collectors of the group.

By 1967 the band's name had been truncated to "Sounds Inc." The Beatles invited Cameron, Holmes and West to be the saxophone section on their track "Good Morning Good Morning", from the album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. After this guest appearance, Sounds Inc. left EMI and released a solitary single on the Polydor label. Titled "How Do You Feel", it was their first single release to feature vocals.

The group began to disintegrate in the late 1960s. Drummer Tony Newman left to work as a session musician and at one stage joined the Jeff Beck Group. He later joined Reid Hudson and James Black to form British/Canadian power trio May Blitz.

For the remaining members of Sounds Inc., Cameron's departure for a career in A&R left a gap, which was filled by Terry Fogg (percussionist and drummer) and Trevor White, the band's first true vocalist. The group soldiered on, moving to and mainly playing in Australia for their final years together. Their act became more middle-of-the-road, exemplified in their final LP, which was released in many territories but not the UK, containing more vocals than instrumentals. Sounds Inc. finally broke up in 1971.

Discography

Singles
August 1961: "Emily" / "Mogambo" – Parlophone R4815
November 1962: "Sounds Like Locomotion" / "Taboo" – Decca 11540
February 1963: "Go" / "Stop" – Decca F 11590
August 1963: "Keep Movin'" / "Order of the Keys" – Decca F 11723
March 1964: "The Spartans" / "Detroit" – Columbia DB 7239 #28. UK.
July 1964: "Spanish Harlem" / "Rinky Dink" – Columbia DB 7321 #34. UK.
November 1964: "William Tell" / "Bullets" – Columbia DB 7404
April 1965: "Time for You" / "Hall of the Mountain King" – Columbia DB 7545
August 1965: "My Little Red Book" / "Justice Neddi" – Columbia DB 7676
October 1965: "I'm Comin' Through" / "On The Brink" – Columbia DB 7737
October 1967: How Do You Feel / Dead As A Go-Go – Polydor 56209

EPs
 August 1964: Top Gear – "Detroit" / "Spanish Harlem" / "Top Gear" / "The Spartans" – Columbia SEG 8360

Albums
 June 1964: Sounds Incorporated – "William Tell"/"Fingertips"/"I'm in Love Again"/"Rinky Dink/Bullets"/"Last Night"/"Sounds Like Movin'"/"One Mint Julep"/"Ready Teddy"/"Crane"/"Maria"/"Light Cavalry" – Columbia SX 3531
 November 1966: Sounds Incorporated – "Goldfinger"/"Little Bird"/"If We Lived on Top of a Mountain"/"Grab This Thing"/"Yesterday"/"Boil Over"/"What Now My Love"/"Zorba's Dance"/"Bahama Sound"/"On The Rebound"/"The Old and the New"/"Legend of Lyndos"/"Twilight of an Empire" – Studio Two TWO 144

Their recording career is currently covered on various CD sets. Virtually all of their recorded output is available, including rare and unreleased items. All tracks released as singles make up one compilation (The Singles).  Both UK released albums are contained on another collection in stereophonic sound, and their third LP is covered in a specialist UK compilation album of rarer tracks. Many individual cuts spanning the first half of their career, appear on various specialist instrumental compilations.

COMPILATION:
Sounds Incorporated 1993
See For Miles Records CD No SEECD 371
1) The Spartans (1964) / 2) Detroit (1964) / 3) Rinky Dink (1964) / 4) My Little Red Book (1965) / 5) Hall Of The Mountain King (1965)  / 6) One Mint Julep (1964) / 7) Last Night ( 1964) / 8) Crane (1964)  / 9) Emily (1961)  / 10) Mogambo (1961)  / 11) Bullets (1964)  / 12) Spanish Harlem ( 1964) / 13) Little Bird (1966)  / 14) If We Lived On Top Of A Mountain (1966)  / 15) Old and the New (1966) / 16) Grab This Thing ( 1966) / 17) Boil Over (1966)  / 18) I'm Comin' Through (1965)  / 19) Fingertips (1964)  / 20) I'm In Love Again (1964)

Their third Decca single "Keep Movin'" / "Order Of The Keys" is most sought-out by collectors, mainly due to being produced by Joe Meek.  The first Sounds Incorporated was issued in both mono and stereo.

Television recordings still exist featuring the group in action, although little if anything exists from the UK archives. They also appeared in Pop Gear, a music revue film made in colour, which has been released on video in recent years.

Band members
Alan "Boots" Holmes (baritone sax/tenor saxophone/flute) – (born Alan F. Holmes, 25 April 1939, Rotherhithe, South East London died 8 January 2022)
"Major" Griff West (tenor saxophone/flute) – (born David Edward Glyde, 19 December 1940, Barnehurst, Kent)
Barrie Cameron (organ/baritone saxophone) – (born Barrie Cameron-Elmes, 25 October 1939, Erith, Kent Died 11 November 2019)
John St. John (lead guitar) – (born John Gillard, 1 April 1940, Dartford Hospital, Dartford, Kent)
Wes Hunter (bass) – (born Richard Thomas, 17 December 1941, Barnehurst, Kent. Died 4 April 2013, Barnehurst)
Tony Newman (drums) – (born Richard Anthony Newman, 17 March 1943, Southampton, Hampshire)
Trevor White (vocals/keyboard/piano/drums) – (born 3 August 1947, Chelmsford, Essex)
Terry Fogg (drums/percussion) – (born Terrence George Fogg, 25 September 1945, Chesterfield, Derbyshire)

See also
List of rock instrumentals
Sounds Orchestral

References

External links
[ Allmusic.com biography by Steve Huey]

Beat groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1961
Musical groups disestablished in 1971
1961 establishments in England

Sounds Incorporated


A non-Newtonian fluid is a thixotropic fluid which changes its viscosity when the forces on it change.

Other flow properties may also be affected. Most commonly viscosity of such fluids is not independent of the shear rate or the shear rate history. Examples of such fluids are blood, quicksand and certain components of cement. Many lubricants, ketchup, and oobleck. Also certain forms of dough and pudding also have this property.

The other kind of fluids that do not show this behavior is called Newtonian fluids.

It is very simple to make a non-Newtonian fluid at home. All one needs is water and cornstarch. Mix these two ingredients together at a rate of one part cornstarch and one and a half parts water. That makes a non-Newtonian fluid called oobleck.

Related pages
Mudslide
Avalanche

Fluid mechanics

Non-Newtonian fluid


The Modern defence is a chess opening. It is almost the only defence which can be played against any opening move; and it may be played as an opening move itself. It consists in the immediate fianchetto of the king's bishop (KB). The first moves might be:
1.e4 g6
2.d4 Bg7
The opening is hypermodern. Black does not occupy the centre, he counter-attacks the centre built up by his opponent. He will probably play ...d6 next, then develop his K-side, then perhaps counter-attack the white centre with ...c5. The system is extremely flexible, and there are many transpositions. There are players, including a few grandmasters, who play almost nothing but the Modern with white and black.

References

Chess openings

Modern defence


ContiGroup Companies, Inc (CGC) was founded by Simon Fribourg in Arlon, Belgium, in 1813 as a grain-trading firm. Formerly known as Continental Grain, ContiGroup has expanded into a multinational corporation with offices and facilities in 10 countries while employing more than 13,500 people worldwide. Today, CGC is one of the largest privately held corporations in the United States.

History
 1813: The Company is founded by Simon Fribourg in Arlon, Belgium.
 1890–1899: The Company expands into flour milling and builds its first mill in Arlon.
 1914–1917: Offices moved to London due to the outbreak of World War I.
 1919: Operations resume in Antwerp under the name 'Compagnie Continentale d'Importation'.
 1921: Expanded operations to the United States by establishing 'Continental Grain' in Chicago and then in New York.
 1928: Continental Grain buys a grain elevator in St. Louis, Missouri. This would be the first of seven it would hold by 1935.
 1940: The Fribourg family leaves Europe to settle in the United States. This was due to the outbreak of World War II.
 1944: The Company moves its headquarters from Paris to New York and the first CEO (Michel Fribourg) is elected.
 1964: Continental Grain makes the first major grain sale by any US company to the Soviet Union. The deal called for the sale of one million tons of wheat to Exportkhleb, a soviet grain-purchasing agency.
 1965: Continental Grain ventures into the poultry business with its purchase of a majority interest in Allied Mills. This new division includes livestock production operations as well as processing operations.
 1970: Operations at Allied Mills poultry division is expanded to include seven poultry processing facilities as well as three egg production and processing units.
 1971: Continental Grain acquired Oroweat, a baking company
 1972: Another major sale to the Soviet Union is finalized and 10 million tons of grain is sent overseas.
 1974: Continental Grain expands its ownership of Allied Mills and makes it a wholly owned subsidiary.
 1975: Coronado Feeders is acquired by the company and establishes its first business venture into cattle feeding.
 1978: Another cattle feeding business, XIT Feeders, is acquired by Continental Grain.
 1978: A plant in Dobson, North Carolina is acquired by the Poultry Division of Continental Grain.
 1979: Colorado Beef is acquired, further expanding the company's cattle feeding business.
 1979: In a joint venture with Charoen Pokphand, Continental Grain opens the first foreign-owned feed mill in Chinese history. The new venture is called Conti Chia Tai International (CCTI).
 1981: Grant County Feeders is acquired into the company's cattle feeding business.
 1981: Oroweat acquired Brownberry
 1984: Oroweat is sold to General Foods; Brownberry is sold to Clayton, Dubilier & Rice
 1998: Continental Grain ventures into the pork business with its purchase of a majority interest in Premium Standard Farms, Inc.
 1999: Continental Grain changes its name to ContiGroup Companies, Inc after the sale of the company's commodity marketing business to Cargill.
 2000: The Animal Nutrition Division is sold to Hubbard Feeds of Mankato, Minnesota.
 2000: ContiFinancial, an early originator of subprime loans, went bankrupt; ContiGroup was the major shareholder.
 2002: Wayne Farms purchases its thirteenth processing facility at College Park, Georgia.
 2004: Wayne Farms begins building a new further-processing facility in Decatur, Alabama.
 2013: Wayne Farms purchases a processing facility in Dothan, Alabama.

ContiGroup businesses
Headquartered in New York, NY, ContiGroup has offices and facilities in 10 countries while employing more than 13,500 people worldwide. CGC's businesses include ventures into poultry, pork, beef, animal feed, aquaculture, and flour milling. Additionally, CGC also provides investment services in securities, real estate, and private equity through its ContiInvestment business unit.

Wayne Farms

Formerly known as the Poultry Division of ContiGroup Companies, Wayne Farms LLC is the sixth-largest vertically integrated producer and processor of poultry in the United States. Since its spin-off in 1965, Wayne Farms has grown its processing capacity to 250 million chickens annually. Its 13 processing facilities span the southeast region of the United States with its corporate headquarters located in Oakwood, Georgia.

ContiAsia

Headquartered in Hong Kong, ContiAsia has been operating in China for almost three decades. ContiAsia operates more than thirty companies that are classified into one of its four business units: Conti Chia Tai International, ContiFeed Group, Great Wall Northeast Asia Corp, and Meat Merchandising.

 Conti Chia Tai International (CCTI) is a joint venture (50/50) with Thailand's largest agricultural company, Charoen Pokphand. It operates five feed mills, an aqua feed mill, and a premix plant in Guangdong Province in southern China.
 ContiFeed Group is majority-owned and operated by ContiGroup. With operations throughout China, production takes place mainly in central and northern China. These sites include four feed mills, more than ninety distribution nodes, and a poultry breeder farm and hatchery.
 Great Wall Northeast Asia Corporation (GWNAC) is only partially owned by ContiGroup. With operations located in the northeast and on the east coast of China, GWNAC operates six feed mills, four poultry breeder farms and hatcheries, five poultry processing plants, and three further processing facilities.
 Meat Merchandising is based in Hong Kong and Panyu. Its primary mission is to market and sell American and other foreign frozen poultry products in China. This is the primary method by which Wayne Farms and Sanderson Farms' poultry products are sold in China.

Premium Standard Farms

Formed in 1988, Premium Standard Farms, Inc (PSF) was founded with the aim of creating a standardized method for which to produce premium pork. To accomplish this goal, the company decided to pursue full vertical integration – the first in the United States to do so. In 1998, ContiGroup Companies, Inc (formerly known as Continental Grain Company) acquired a majority interest in PSF. Today, Premium Standard Farms is the second largest pork producer and the sixth largest processor in the United States with operations in Missouri, North Carolina, and Texas. The company sells fresh and frozen pork products to domestic retailers, further processors, foodservice providers and export customers from more than 20 countries.

In 2007 Premium Standard Farms was acquired by Smithfield Foods.

ContiLatin
As a business unit with operations in the United States, the Caribbean, and in Central and South America, ContiLatin manages many operations throughout the western hemisphere. The company operates a shrimp farm and hatchery in Ecuador and it also runs integrated poultry operations in both Venezuela and Peru. ContiLatin also operates feed and flour mills in the French West Indies and recently opened a new high-tech flour mill in Haiti with the Haitian government in a joint venture. Additionally, the company took over the grain trading business in Nicaragua becoming the largest trading company established in the region, also the company is invested in a joint venture in Atlantic Salmon of Maine and Ducktrap River Fish Farm to produce salmon, shrimp and seafood pâté. All of ContiLatin's operations receive continuous research and technical support from the division's Georgia-based ContiTec unit.

Five Rivers Ranch

Formed in May 2005, Five Rivers Ranch Cattle Feeding LLC is an independently operated joint venture between CGC's ContiBeef and Smithfield Beef Group's MF Cattle Feeding companies. Through the combined feeding capability of Smithfield's four feed yards and ContiBeef's six feed yards, Five Rivers Ranch has become the largest cattle feeding operation in the world with a combined feeding capacity of more than 800,000 head. With its headquarters in Loveland, Colorado, this new company employs more than 650 employees in facilities throughout Texas, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Idaho.

In 2009, Five Rivers, or "ContiBeef" was acquired by Brazilian protein producer JBS. In 2010 Five Rivers took over Calfsource.

ContiInvestments
ContiInvestments is the financial wing of ContiGroup companies.  It handles a variety of assets including investments in securities, real estate, and private equity. Additionally, it holds considerable investments in the areas of food and agribusiness, insurance, health care, financial services, transportation, and computer systems and software.

See also
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States

References

External links

 Wayne Farms LLC website
 Premium Standard Farms, Inc website
 Five Rivers Ranch Cattle Feeding Company website
 ContiGroup press release regarding Five Rivers Ranch
 Smithfield Foods press release regarding Five Rivers Ranch
 Colorado State University press release regarding Five Rivers Ranch

1813 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in the Southern Netherlands
Privately held companies based in New York City
Agriculture companies of the United States
Food manufacturers of the United States
Poultry companies
Companies of Europe
Companies of the United States
Meat processing in the United States
Meat companies of the United States
Brand name meats
Grain companies
Food and drink companies established in 1813

ContiGroup Companies


Charan Singh (1916–1990), was the spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Dera Baba Jaimal Singh, after he was named successor by the preceding Beas guru Jagat Singh, in 1951. Charan Singh served as the guru for the Beas Dera for almost four decades, until his death from heart failure in 1990 at the age of 73. Before his appointment in 1951, he had practiced law in Hisar and Sirsa, India. He was an initiate of Sawan Singh's, who was his paternal grandfather and the predecessor of Jagat Singh. Charan Singh assigned the duties of his successor and Guru to his initiate and nephew Gurinder Singh.

Early life and education

Singh was born in 1916 in his mother's home in Moga, Punjab. His birth name was Harcharan Singh but was later changed to the Charan Singh. His father, Harbans Singh Grewal, was the youngest son of Sawan Singh, who was affectionately known as the Great Master. His mother name was Mata Sham Kaur.

At the age of 22, Singh completed his B.A. degree from Gordon College, Rawalpindi, and went on to study law at Punjab University, Lahore. After receiving his LL.B. degree in 1942, he started to build his own practice as a lawyer in the town of Sirsa, near the family home. In 1943 Sawan Singh arranged his marriage to Harjeet Kaur, the daughter of Rao Bahadur Shiv Dhyan Singh.

Spiritual path

By the time Singh was appointed as the satguru, the dera had grown, and many satsang centres had been established throughout India. His practical understanding of administrative matters allowed him to make changes to the administrative structure that would carry the organization smoothly into a fast-changing, modern world. In 1957, Singh placed all Dera assets into a Charitable Trust, the Radha Soami Satsang Beas Society. Singh himself helped frame the constitution and rules and regulations for the Society. His leadership in this matter created an administrative framework under which the Dera and its activities continue to be administered.

As the spiritual head of Radha Soami Satsang Beas, Charan Singh was noted for his succinct and clear explanations of the Sant Mat teachings, a reflection of his legal training and practice. He had many disciples from foreign countries as well as India, and would often give discourses and hold question-and-answer sessions with them, both at the Beas International guest house, as well as on his frequent overseas tours. Many of these sessions were published in books and as audio recordings, and offer a comprehensive understanding of the path of Sant Mat. Under his guidance, books on Sant Mat were published in almost every Indian language, as well as the main languages spoken globally such as French, Spanish, Dutch, German, Greek, Italian, Indonesian, and many others.

Most of the activities of the Society take place in the form of seva – voluntary service to the Lord through service to humanity – which is a key foundation of the teachings of the Beas masters. Charan Singh initiated the launching of a Medical Eye Camp, a network of charitable hospitals, disaster management projects, and free food distribution programmes, which have continued as his legacy.

Death and successor
On 1 June 1990, Singh died at Dera, Beas. He entrusted his authority and responsibility as patron of the Radha Soami Satsang Beas Society and the Maharaj Jagat Singh Medical Relief Society Beas to Gurinder Singh who, at 36 years of age, has taken on the same responsibilities that had been assumed by Charan Singh forty years earlier.

References

External links
 Radha Soami Satsang Beas (RSSB)
 Science of the Soul

1916 births
1990 deaths
Surat Shabd Yoga
 Sant Mat gurus

Charan Singh (Sant)


A spherical coordinate system uses three numbers to identify a point in space.: Usually, two angles, and a distance from the origin of the coordinate system. If the point lies on the sphere, only the two angles are needed, because the distance from the origin is known.

The two angular numbers are related to lines of longitude and latitude on Earth.  Earth's longitude is the same as the variable phi, which can be written as either  or   The latitude resembles the variable  (theta), except that some authors define  to be at the north pole instead of at the equator.

Coordinate systems

Spherical coordinate system


White Oleander is a 1999 novel set in Los Angeles. It was written by Janet Fitch.  It was later made into a movie in 2002 titled White Oleander.

Plot

Ingrid is a poet who falls in love with a man named Barry Kolker.  However he is not loyal to her and sees other women.  Ingrid kills him by going to Mexico and buying a drug.  She then smears it over all of the surfaces.  Barry touches these surfaces, the poison gets in his body, and he dies.  She goes to jail and is later found guilty for killing him and goes to prison for a long time.  Her daughter, Astrid, is taken to a series of foster homes.

Her first foster home is a woman named Starr, who has a two children, a teenager named Carolee and a young boy named David.  During this home, she falls in love with Starr's husband.  She later has an affair by sleeping with him.  During a fight, Carolee runs away from home.  An angry Starr shoots Astrid in the arm after an argument with her husband.

Her second home is with a woman named Amelia.  Amelia has many girls at her house.  She has them only to get money (she calls it "easy money") and only feeds them at dinnertime, locking the fridge during the rest of the day.  All the girls are hungry all of the time.  She eventually gets out of it by talking to a foster worker.

For a brief time, she is put in a place called "Mac," which houses hundreds of children.  During this time, she gets into a fight with a bunch of other girls.  She cuts her hair off and threatens the other girls, saying that she will slit their throats in their sleep if they attack her again.  She also meets a boy named Paul Trout here, who she likes a lot.

Her third foster home is with a woman named Claire Richards.  She is very lonely since her husband Ron is always out on business trips.  Astrid likes her a lot and how she always is nice and happy towards her.  When Claire and Astrid visit Ingrid, however, Ingrid tells Claire that Ron is cheating on her.  Astrid warns her mother not to destroy this home, but Ingrid smiles and says that she would rather have her at the worst foster home ever over Claire.  Afterwards, Claire fights with Mark and later kills herself by taking a lot of pills at.

Astrid is put in a fourth home.  She is very upset and thinks that her mom caused Claire to kill herself.  She chooses a home with a Russian mother named Rena, knowing that Rena will not love her like Claire did because she does not want to see this happen again.  This new mother has her sell her nice clothes.  Astrid dyes her own hair and starts wearing black clothing.  When Ingrid meets Astrid again, she is shocked at how Astrid has turned herself.

During this time, there is a movement to free Ingrid.  They believe the original decision of "guilty" of killing Barry was wrong and want a new trial.  If Astrid lies and agrees to Ingrid's version of the story, Ingrid will be likely be freed.  But if she tells the truth, Ingrid will be put in jail again.  Astrid uses this new power to force Ingrid to tell her about her father.  Ingrid says that all she wanted Astrid to be was strong, but that she has turned into a nuclear site, the wrong kind of strong.  She says that she wants Astrid to be back the way she used to be.  Astrid says she will only come back if her mother releases her – does not call her as a witness.  Ingrid agrees.  Ingrid is then put on trial again and found not guilty.

The novel ends with Astrid, living with her new boyfriend Paul in East Berlin.  She is reading the newspaper and finds out about how her mother was found not guilty.  Astrid is putting together a series of suitcases that stand for all of her experiences through foster homes.

1999 books
20th-century American novels
Los Angeles in fiction

White Oleander


An electrolyte is a chemical that conducts electrical current. It is used in batteries to make the ions flow, producing current. Electrolytes ionize when dissolved in suitable solvents such as water. Most soluble salts, acids, and bases are electrolytes.

An electrolyte used in "electrolytic cells" carries the ions between the electrodes of the cell.  Electrolytic cells may be used to extract constituent elements and compounds contained in the solution.

A correct concentration of electrolytes is important to physiology.

Related pages
Cathode, includes anode
Electrolysis

References

Electricity
Chemistry

Electrolyte


Protonation is the addition of a hydrogen ion to a substance. A hydrogen atom normally contains 1 proton and 1 electron. When the hydrogen atom is oxidized, it loses its electron, leaving a H+. The H+ is the same as a proton. Substances are protonated when hydrogen ions are added to them. For example, when ammonia (NH3) is protonated, it forms ammonium ions, NH4+. A substance is protonated by a substance more acidic than it. The acidic substance is deprotonated.

Related pages
Deprotonation
Proton
Hydrogen

Chemical reactions

Protonation


Mansehra is a city in Pakistan. It is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is the capital of Mansehra District.
The district has 3 subdivisions - Mansehra Tehsil, Oghi Tehsil and Balakot. It also has a tribal territory called Kala Dhaka, which has however now been given a separate district status also. The district currently has 1.5 million people. The important towns in the district are Baffa, Shinkiari, Kaghan, Naran, Garhi Habibullah, Balakot,Phulra, Oghi, Darband and Khaki.

The Karakoram Highway (or KKH) goes through this district and has a 60 km stretch in the district. Likewise the Mansehra-Naran-Jalkhan-Naran (MNJC). Road also commences in the district and has a 200 km stretch up to Babusar Pass passing through the district. The MNJC is being developed as an alternate route to the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

Cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mansehra District

Mansehra


Stewart is a small Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. The population of Stewart at the 2006 census was 496. The town originally had a population of around 10,000 people before to World War I, it then declined to about 700 people in 2000. As of 2005, its population had declined to less than 500 people. The town was named Stewart by Robert M. Stewart in 1905. Nearby is the town of Hyder in the United States state of Alaska.

Other websites
Information on the Town of Stewart

Cities in British Columbia

Stewart, British Columbia


Pathum Thani () is ane o the central provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighborin provinces are (frae north clockwise) Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Chachoengsao, Bangkok an Nonthaburi.

The province is locatit directly north o Bangkok an is pairt o the Bangkok metropolis. In mony parts the bundary atween the twa provinces is no noticeable onymair, syne baith sides o the boundary are being equally urbanized. Pathum Thani toun is the admeenistrative seat, but Ban Rangsit, seat o Thanyaburi destrict, is the lairgest populatit place athin the provincial boundary.

Pathum Thani is an auld province filled wi multiple temples, pairks an auries tae experience Mon cultur. A lot o the modren knowledge, cultur an history are presentit in the museums an temples. The maist famous amusement pairk in Thailand, Dream World, is an aa set there. In addition, it is a source o Mon cultur an traditions bi the Chaophaya River that shows the special characteristic o their cultur. It is a perfect place for travellin in various styles near Bangkok.

Geography
The province is locatit in the law alluvial flats o the Chao Phraya river, that an aa flows through the caipital ceety. Mony canals (khlongs) cross the province an feed the rice paddies.

History
The ceety dates back tae a settlement foondit bi Mon migratin frae Mottama () in Myanmar aroond 1650. The oreeginal name wis Sam Khok. In 1815 Keeng Rama II visitit the ceety an the citizens affered him mony Lotus flouers, which made the keeng rename the ceety tae Pathum Thani meanin The Ceety o Lotus.

Seembols
The provincial seal shows a pink lotus flouer wi twa rice ears bendin ower it. Baith seembols staund for the fertility o the province.

The provincial tree is the Indian coral tree (Erythrina variegata), provincial flouer the Lotus (Nymphaea lotus).

Admeenistrative diveesions

The province is subdividit intae 7 districts (amphoe). The deestricts are further subdividit intae 60 communes (tambon) an 529 veelages (muban).

Education an technology
Pathum Thani haes a vera heich concentration o heicher education institutions, especially anes in the field o science an technology. Frae this fact, thegither wi a number o industrial pairks an mony research agencies (includin those in Thailand Science Park) in the province, the province is considered as an "Education an Technology Hub" o its aurie.

 Academic institutes
 Naitional Science Museum, Asian Institute o Technology, Bangkok University, Eastren Asie University, Pathumthani University, Rajamangala University o Technology, Rangsit University, Shinawatra University, Sirindhorn International Institute o Technology, an Thammasat University (Rangsit Center)

 Research bodies
 Thailand Science Park, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), Thai Microelectronics Center (TMEC), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)

 Industrial pairks
 Software Park Thailand (in Nonthaburi, soothwast o Pathum Thani), Nava Nakorn Industrial Promotion Zone (1376 acres / 5.6 km²), Bangkadi Industrial Park (470 acres / 1.9 km²), Techno Thani (a "Technology City" admeenistrated bi Meenistry o Science an Technology), an a number o industrial pairks in neighborin Ayutthaya an Nonthaburi provinces

Pathum Thani Province
Provinces o Thailand

Pathum Thani Province


Kohat Division () was an administrative division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government. At independence in 1947, Kohat was a district of Peshawar Division. In 1976 it became a separate division and contained the districts of Karak, Kohat and Hangu.

Kohat Division


Subsidiarity is an idea that things should be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralised authority.

The idea is that the top authority should only do things which cannot be properly done at a lower or local level. It applies to many areas of life.

Law
Society
Government
Management

Subsidiarity


William Raymond Moore (2 January 1942 – 11 January 1989) was a British broadcaster, best known for hosting the early morning show on BBC Radio 2 between 1982 and 1988.

Early life
Born in Liverpool, he attended Waterloo Grammar School, and harboured ambitions to be a BBC announcer from an early age. On leaving school, his first job was at Liverpool docks, and he was subsequently a technician and actor with repertory companies in Oldham, Sidmouth and Swansea.

Broadcasting career
He started broadcasting in 1962 as a continuity announcer with Granada Television, later moving to ATV in Birmingham and eventually the BBC in Manchester and London. In his autobiography, written after his cancer diagnosis, (for which he refused radical treatment), he said that he strove for years to lose his Liverpool accent so that he could work for the BBC, but by the time he got a job there it no longer mattered. At the BBC he worked on the BBC Light Programme and later BBC Radio 2 as an announcer on radio and television, providing voice-overs for a number of popular shows such as Come Dancing, Miss World and the radio commentary for the Eurovision Song Contest, also presenting the Eurovision Song Contest Previews in 1987.

From 1982, until his last show on 28 January 1988, he hosted the early morning show on BBC Radio 2, developing an idiosyncratic broadcasting style which relied on a highly individual, gentle and sophisticated wit and repartee. As he explained in his autobiography:
My theory, if I ever had one, was that this show, broadcast at such a crazy time, could only be successful if it were based on one assumption: that nobody in his or her right mind would choose to be up at such an awful hour. If we both had to be awake so early, I thought, let's agree one thing: that it's you and me against the world. I determined to be cheerful but in a grumpy sort of way, with none of the enforced jollity so beloved of BBC Radio 4.

The regular exchange of banter established between Moore and Terry Wogan as the former handed over to the latter's breakfast show at 7:30am became an established element of Radio 2's morning schedule, until Wogan left the breakfast show in 1984 to present his chat show.

Moore's show brought him a dedicated following of listeners, evidenced in 1986 and 1987 by the turn-out of thousands of early-morning joggers for the two 'Bog-eyed Jog' events held in sporting stadia across the UK in aid of Children in Need. In association with these events, he released two records: "O' My Father Had A Rabbit" spent seven weeks in the UK Singles Chart in 1986, reaching number 24 – out-performing, as Moore loved to point out, "Only Love Remains" by Paul McCartney; while the follow-up, "Bog Eyed Jog", did not do so well, peaking at number 61.

Personal life and death
Moore married Alma Mather in 1969. A heavy smoker, Moore was diagnosed with throat cancer in 1987, and he died on 11 January 1989, nine days after his 47th birthday.

In 1989, he posthumously won the Outstanding Personal Contribution to Radio award from the Broadcasting Press Guild.

References

External links
The Radio Academy - Ray Moore
The Broadcasting Press Guild - Awards
 Further information from Aircheck Legends

1942 births
1989 deaths
Radio and television announcers
British radio DJs
British radio personalities
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Radio presenters from Liverpool
Eurovision commentators

Ray Moore (broadcaster)


Thirteen Ghosts is a 2001 American horror movie. This movie was directed by Steve Beck. It was a remake of the 1960 movie 13 Ghosts.

Cast
 Tony Shalhoub as Arthur Kriticos
 Matthew Lillard as Dennis Rafkin
 Embeth Davidtz as Kalina Oretzia
 Shannon Elizabeth as Kathy Kriticos
 Alec Roberts as Bobby Kriticos
 Rah Digga as Maggie Bess
 F. Murray Abraham as Cyrus Kriticos
 J.R. Bourne as Ben Moss
 Mikhael Speidel as Billy Michaels/The First Born Son
 Daniel Wesley as Jimmy "The Gambler" Gambino/The Torso
 Laura Mennell as Susan LeGrow/The Bound Woman
 Kathryn Anderson as Jean Kriticos/The Withered Lover
 Craig Olejnik as Royce Clayton/The Torn Prince
 Shawna Loyer as Dana Newman/The Angry Princess
 Xantha Radley as Isabella Smith/The Pilgrimess
 C. Ernst Harth as Harold Shelburne/The Great Child
 Laurie Soper as Margaret Shelburne/The Dire Mother
 Herbert Duncanson as George Markley/The Hammer
 Shayne Wyler as Ryan Kuhn/The Jackal

References
http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/thirteen_ghosts/

Other websites

American horror movies
English-language movies
2000s ghost movies
Movie remakes
Warner Bros. movies
Columbia Pictures movies
2001 horror movies

Thirteen Ghosts