Joseph Bohomiel Lapchick (April 12, 1900 – August 10, 1970) was an American professional basketball player, mostly known for playing with the Original Celtics in the 1920s and 1930s. He is commonly regarded as the best center of his era, overshadowed (if anything) in his later years only by Tarzan Cooper. After ending his playing career in 1937, Lapchick became head coach at St. John's University, a position he held until 1947, when he took over the New York Knicks in the NBA. Lapchick coached the Knicks until 1957, leading them to three consecutive NBA Finals appearances (1951–53). He returned to St. John's, coaching them until 1965.

Full biography
From star player to successful coach to popular author to respected dignitary, Joe Lapchick played a variety of roles in his more than 50 years in the game of basketball. He was an eminently influential figure who helped nurture the sport from its crude beginnings into its modern form.

Born in Yonkers, New York to Czech immigrants, Lapchick as a boy helped his struggling family make ends meet by scrounging for coal near railroad tracks. At age 12 the youngster started playing basketball around his neighborhood, wearing a uniform his mother had made for him. Like many youngsters of the era, he stopped going to school after the eighth grade. While working as a caddie and in a factory, the 15-year-old found he could make $5 to $10 per night playing for local basketball teams. At age 19 he was suiting up for four different touring teams, such as the Holyoke Reds, Brooklyn Visitations, and Troy Trojans, and pocketing up to $100 per game. Basketball became his life.

Lapchick was rangy at 6-foot-5, making him a valuable commodity at a time when a jump ball was held after every basket. "I played one manager against the other," he said years later. "I bargained with the managers for every game. When there was a clash of dates, I took the best offer."

In 1923 he joined the fabled Original Celtics (a team that was the second incarnation of the New York Celtics, which had disbanded during World War I). At first the team eschewed league play, choosing instead to barnstorm throughout the Northeast and wow crowds with its razzle-dazzle style of play. Conditions were spartan. When a large cut on Lapchick's wrist became infected with uniform dye, a teammate rubbed off the scab with a towel and doused the wound with whiskey. Luckily for Lapchick, the treatment worked.

The Celtics joined the American Basketball League in 1926 and won two straight titles. So dominant were Lapchick, Nat Holman, and the rest of the Celtics that the league insisted the team disband. It did, in 1928. Lapchick and two other former Celtics then joined the Cleveland Rosenblums, a team owned by a department store magnate who had named the team after himself. With Lapchick starring at the pivot, the "Rosenblum Celtics" won two straight ABL titles.

The Great Depression forced an end to the ABL in 1931. Still a young man, Lapchick re-formed the Celtics with Dutch Dehnert, Davey Banks, Nat Hickey, Johnny Beckman, Carl Husta and him. They hit the road for five years, with Lapchick handling driving duties, and Kate Smith singing "God Bless America" at games.

In 1936 Lapchick landed the coaching job at St. John's University, New York City. In 11 seasons he steered the Redmen to a 180–55 record and two consecutive National Invitation Tournament titles, in 1943 and 1944. Overwhelmed by stress, Lapchick fainted during the second half of the 1944 final game. In 1947 he passed up a then-astronomical offer of $12,000 per year to stay at St. John's, opting instead to accept a job as coach of the New York Knickerbockers of the fledgling Basketball Association of America. Landing Lapchick was a big boost to the league, which was in only its second year of operation. He signed Nathaniel "Sweetwater" Clifton to the Knicks, one of the league's first African-American players.

As a star center with the Original Celtics and other barnstorming teams, a college coach at St. John's, an NBA coach with the New York Knicks, and an ambassador of the sport, Lapchick cast a broad shadow across the game and its history.

Though a slick player and an admired coach, Lapchick was perhaps best known for his obsessive worrying and anxiety during games. He lived every second of every game as though it were the last tick of the clock. Stress related health problems ended his professional coaching career and caused an occasional on-court fainting spell and even a few heart attacks.

Lapchick was respected for his motivational coaching style, which focused less on mechanics than on eliciting peak performances from his players. Stressing a freewheeling offensive approach and smooth ballhandling, Lapchick built winners at both the college and pro levels. As a player, Lapchick had sharp passing and shooting skills that made him one of the first great pro centers and that helped his teams win several championships.

Continuing to emphasize his themes of personal achievement and responsibility, Lapchick led the Knicks to eight straight winning seasons and eight trips to the playoffs, including three straight NBA Finals from 1951 to 1953. The 1953–54 Knicks were more than just a team of talented players; eight of them went on to coach pro or college teams, a tribute to Lapchick's leadership. Though a great motivator, Lapchick was a wild man on the sidelines, stomping on his coat, smashing chairs, and tossing various objects into the air. Stress-related health problems forced him to quit near the end of the 1955–56 season. He left the Knicks with a 326-247 NBA coaching record.

Lapchick rested for only a month before returning to St. John's, where in nine more seasons he led the Redmen to two more NIT crowns, giving them a record four titles. Lapchick wasn't just his players' basketball coach; he monitored their academic performance as well. The school's mandatory-retirement rules forced Lapchick, a two-time college Coach of the Year, to step down after the 1964–65 season at age 65. He had several heart attacks that year. The season ended with the Redmen upsetting Villanova, 55–51, in an emotional NIT Championship Game.

Describing his final season at St. John's, Lapchick told the Washington, D.C.–based Evening Star: "I used to double up with chest pains. Sometimes I couldn't even talk to the team during halftime."

Lapchick turned to writing. In 1968 he wrote 50 Years of Basketball, a book that was both a compilation of stories from Lapchick's early days as a player and an explanation of his coaching philosophy. As one of basketball's most prominent elder statesmen, Lapchick also stayed active as a spokesman for the sport.
 He died of a heart attack in Monticello, New York, in 1970 at age 70.

Legacy and honors
 Lapchick was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a member of the Original Celtics in 1959 and as an individual in 1966.
 In his memory, St. John's created an annual preseason college basketball tournament entitled the Lapchick Memorial Tournament.

Family
Lapchick married Elizabeth Sarubbi in 1931; they had one daughter and had two sons. Barbara Lapchick was one of the original Ford models and graduated from Barnard College.   Dr. Richard Lapchick is a human rights activist working for racial equality, an internationally recognized expert on sports issues, a scholar and an author. Lapchick is the Endowed Chair and Director of the DeVos Sport Business Management Program at the College of Business Administration, University of Central Florida. He is also President/CEO of the National Consortium for Academics and Sport (NCAS), a school outreach program which focuses on teaching youth how to improve race relations, and develop conflict resolution skills. Joseph Lapchick graduated from the USMA and took a commission in the USAF. He earned a PhD at Harvard. He was superintendent of schools in Aspen, Colorado, and later an area superintendent in Philadelphia.

References

External links

 BasketballReference.com: Joe Lapchick

1900 births
1970 deaths
American Basketball League (1925–1955) players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American people of Czech descent
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Cleveland Rosenblums players
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
New York Knicks head coaches
Original Celtics players
Sportspeople from Yonkers, New York
Basketball players from Westchester County, New York
St. John's Red Storm baseball coaches
St. John's Red Storm men's basketball coaches

Joe Lapchick


The Anglican Church of Melanesia (ACoM), also known as the Church of the Province of Melanesia and the Church of Melanesia (COM), is a church of the Anglican Communion and includes nine dioceses in the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. The Archbishop of Melanesia is Leonard Dawea. He succeeds the retired archbishop George Takeli.

History

The church was established by George Selwyn in 1849, and was initially headed by a Bishop of Melanesia. One of the important features of the province's life over many years has been the work of a mission vessel in various incarnations known as the Southern Cross. First based in New Zealand, the missionaries, mainly from Oxbridge and the public schools, established their base on Norfolk Island, bringing Melanesian scholars there to learn Christianity until the school was closed in 1918.

The many languages in Melanesia made evangelisation a challenge. The Melanesian Mission adopted the language of the island of Mota in the Banks group of islands as the lingua franca. The Church of Melanesia is known for its pioneer martyrs, especially John Patteson, murdered in 1871, Charles Godden, killed in 1906, among several others.

Membership
Today, there are nearly 200,000 Anglicans out of an estimated population of over 800,000 in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu as well as a newly formed parish in Nouméa, New Caledonia.

Structure
The polity of the Church of Melanesia is episcopal, which is the same as all other Anglican churches. Since being made a province in 1975 the church has maintained a system of geographical parishes organised into dioceses, of which there are now nine. The spiritual head of the province is the Archbishop of Melanesia, whose metropolitan See is the Diocese of Central Melanesia.

The dioceses are: Central Melanesia; Malaita, Vanuatu and New Caledonia (originally New Hebrides), and Ysabel (all 1975); Temotu (1981); Hanuato'o (1991); Banks and Torres (1996); Central Solomons (1997); and Guadalcanal (2013).

Parishes and priests
Each diocese except for Central Melanesia (the Honiara area) is divided into regions, each headed by a senior priest. The regions are further subdivided into parishes or districts (the two words being interchangeable), headed by a parish priest, usually called a rector. Parishes may be subdivided into subparishes, headed by assistant priests. Catechists are lay people appointed by a local community and authorised by the bishop to take services and look after the spiritual life of a village.

Worship and liturgy

The Church of Melanesia embraces three orders of ordained ministry: deacon, priest and bishop. A local variant of the Book of Common Prayer is used, called A Melanesian English Prayer Book. Its predecessor in local liturgical development was A Book of Common Prayer Authorised for Use in Churches and Chapels in the Diocese of Melanesia, first published in 1938.

Doctrine and practice
See also: Anglicanism and Anglican doctrine

The centre of the Church of Melanesia's  teaching is the life and resurrection of Jesus Christ. The basic teachings of the church are summed up in the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed.

The focus of the church's worship is the celebration of the Holy Eucharist, sometimes called "Mass", but more often "Communion" or "Communion service". This is celebrated weekly wherever there is a priest and in some communities it is celebrated daily, except for Saturdays.

Morning Prayer and Evening Prayer are offered in most churches and congregations daily, and Evening Prayer, "Evensong", is often sung (except for the Psalms) on Sundays and feasts.

Feast days are celebrated by most communities on a Sunday near the feast day, or at least in the same month.

The church in its canons accepts and teaches the seven sacraments of the Church, Baptism, Holy Eucharist, Confirmation, Penance, Holy Matrimony, Holy Orders, and Anointing of the Sick.

Ecumenical relations
Like other Anglican churches, the Church of Melanesia is a member of the ecumenical World Council of Churches, and is a member of the Pacific Conference of Churches, the Solomon Islands Christian Council, and the Vanuatu Council of Churches.

The Mothers' Union is quite active, as are the four religious communities active in the province, the Melanesian Brotherhood, the Society of Saint Francis, the Community of the Sisters of the Church and the Community of the Sisters of Melanesia. The province has its own liturgical customs and a calendar of saints.

Anglican realignment
The Church of Melanesia is a member of the Global South and has been involved in the Anglican realignment movement. David Vunagi attended the Global South Fourth Encounter at 19–23 April 2010, in Singapore. He also would be one of the signatories of the Global South Primates letter to the Crown Nominations Commission, at 20 July 2012. Nevertheless, other clergy have sided with the more liberal Anglican provinces, including Terry Brown, former Bishop of Malaita, who has spoken "as an 'out' gay man serving as bishop".

References

Further reading
Anglicanism, Neill, Stephen. Harmondsworth, 1965.

External links
Official provincial website
Documents on Anglican history in Oceania from Project Canterbury

Melanesia, Anglican Church of
Melanesia, Anglican Church of
Religious organizations established in 1849
Members of the World Council of Churches
Christian denominations established in the 19th century
Melanesia, Anglican Church of
1849 establishments in Oceania
Dioceses of the Anglican Church of Melanesia
Religion in Melanesia

Anglican Church of Melanesia


The 2002 Commonwealth Games were held in Manchester, England from 25 July to 4 August 2002. The XVII Commonwealth Games was the second-largest multi-sport event ever to be held in England after the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was larger than London's 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and events (but not athletes) in the event.

After the 1996 Manchester bombing, the Games were part of the development of Manchester. It helped Manchester's reputation as a European Global City, and also, internationally. Rapid Economy of Manchester economic growth and continued urban rebuilding of the city continued after the Games. This helped make it one of the main cities in the United Kingdom.

Events were held across Greater Manchester. The opening and closing ceremonies, the athletic and the rugby sevens events were held at the City of Manchester Stadium. It was built for the Games. The shooting events were held in the National Shooting Centre in Bisley, Surrey. This was some  from the main focus of the Games in Manchester. This is unusual for a large multi-sport event.

Seventy-two nations competed in 14 individual sports and 3 team sports events.

Commonwealth Games
2002 in England
2000s in Manchester

2002 Commonwealth Games


Pizzo, cried Pizzo Calabro an aw, is a seaport an comune in the province o Vibo Valentia (Calabrie, soothren Italy), situatit on a steep clint owerleukin the Guwf o Santa Eufemia.

Fishin is ane o the main activities, includin that o tuna an coral.

History
As wi mony ither places in Calabrie, Pizzo claims auncient oreegins. The toun mey hae been foondit bi colonists frae an unkent steid in auncient Magna Grecia, but thare is currently nae documentar or archeological evidence tae support this.  Consequently, the history o Pizzo begins in 1300 when the existence o a commonty o Basilian monks, a fort, an a fishin veelage is documentit. The name Pizzo (translatit either as bird's beak or projectin point) fits perfectly wi the tuffa promontory that juts oot intae the sea near the mooth o the river Angitola.

For centuries tuna wis trappit in the beaches aroond Pizzo, especially in the months o Mey an Juin. Despite fadin in importance ower time this activity continued till the 1970s in the Centofontane aurie, whaur nets wur spread tae corral tuna frae affshore. Ruins o the activity remain. The activity is now banned. The Piedigrotta an Prangi auries include some sea caves, an "the cave o the Saracen", awtho lairgely erodit the day, wis supposedly uised bi Saracen pirates tae store buity an fowk captured durin their raids alang the coast o Calabrie.

The umwhile King o Naples Joachim Murat, who wis the brither-in-law o Napoleon, wis impreesoned for several days in the toun's Aragonese castle an then sentencit tae daith. He wis executit bi firin squad on 13 October 1815 in the main haw o the castle an wis possibly buriet in the kirk o San Giorgio.   Paradoxically, the castle is nou cried Castello Murat. Inside the castle is the Provincial Museum Murat.

In 1783 the toun wis amaist destroyed by an yirdquauk, an it suffered some damage frae the same cause in 1905.

Main sichts
It haes a auld castle, built bi the Aragonese in the 15t century, in which Joachim Murat, ex-king o Naples, wis shot on 13 October 1815.

Ither sichts include the Baroque kirk o St. George (1632) an the cave kirk o Piedigrotta (17t century)

Fuid
Pizzo is famous in the aurie for its Tartufo, a lairge baw o ice cream filled wi molten chocolate.

References

Pizzo, Calabrie


An artificial or constructed language (sometimes called a conlang) is a language that has been made by a person or small group, instead of being formed naturally as part of a culture. Some constructed languages are designed for use in human communication (like the common Esperanto). Others are created for use in fiction, linguistic experiments, secret codes, or simply because the maker likes to play language games.

Constructed languages can be split into a priori languages, which are made from scratch, and a posteriori languages, which borrow words and grammar from existing languages.

Constructed languages can also be split into groups by purpose. These groups are:
 Engineered languages (engelangs), which are split into philosophical languages and logical languages (loglangs) - designed for experiments in logic or philosophy
 Auxiliary languages (auxlangs) - designed to be a lingua franca (common language between people with different native languages) for international communication (also called International Auxiliary Language, (IAL))
 Artistic languages (artlangs) - designed to look or sound pretty, to make a fictional world more believable, or just for fun.

Some constructed languages also have constructed scripts to write them.

Some examples of constructed languages
Atlantean
Basic English
 Brithenig
 Dothraki
 Dutton's Speedwords
 Esperanto
 Folkspraak
 Glosa
 Ido
 Interlingua
 Interlingue (in the past: Occidental)
 Interslavic
 Klingon
 Láadan
 Latino moderne
 Lingwa de planeta
 Lojban
 Middle-earth languages (Quenya, Sindarin)
 Na'vi language
 Newspeak
 Talossan
 Toki Pona
 Volapük
 Wenedyk

Other websites
 ENIONI Site dedicated to some constructed languages, mainly Esperanto, Idiom Neutral, Ido, Occidental/Interlingue, Novial, and Interlingua. It contains the magazines Posta Mundi, Vok Neutral, and IE Munde.
 The Language Construction Kit
 LingoJam - a tool for creating conlang translators

Language-related lists

Constructed language


The Sorceress: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel (often shortened to The Sorceress) is a fantasy novel and the third installment in the six-book series The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel written by Michael Scott. It serves as the sequel to The Magician, and was released on 26 May 2009 in the US, 1 June 2009 in Australia, and 25 June 2009 in the UK. The titular sorceress refers to Perenelle Flamel.

Title character
The title refers to Perenelle Flamel.

Plot summary

Flamel takes the twins to London, where he uses Francis to enlist Palamedes, the Saracen Knight, to help them. Palamedes takes them to his home, a junk-yard in London, and they manage to work together to contact Perenelle. Perenelle is trapped on Alcatraz with the friendly but untrustworthy spider elder, Areop-Enap, after narrowly escaping the Sphinx and defeating the Morrigan. Morrigan had been suppressed sufficiently by the Words of Power that resided on the island that her body was retaken by her two elder sisters, Macha and Badb. Perenelle also makes fleeting contact with Scathach and Joan of Arc by scrying. Areop-Enap and its spider army are then attacked by an onslaught of poisoned flies, killing most of the spiders and wounding Areop-Enap. Billy the Kid has joined forces with Machiavelli in an attempt to kill the sorceress, but Perenelle, aided by Macha and Badb, tricks the pair and steals their boat, travelling back to the mainland with her new ally, the Crow Goddess.

Unfortunately, the Dark Elders have awakened an ancient being even more powerful and mysterious than them: an Archon (a being that predates the Elders). The Archon, named Cernunnos, is known as the Horned God and is the leader of a pack of wolf people called the Wild Hunt. Cernunnos, the Wild Hunt, and Dr Dee engage Shakespeare, the Gabriel Hounds, Palamedes, the twins, and Flamel in a vicious battle. Flamel, Palamedes and the twins manage to fight their way past Cernunnos and Dee and flee the destruction of the junkyard. They pick up Gilgamesh before heading towards Stonehenge. What Nicholas Flamel withheld from the twins is that Gilgamesh the King is insane. Though he has no magical aura - and hence cannot use any of his abilities - he can still pass on his knowledge to the Awakened human twins. Machiavelli uses his power as head of French intelligence to lock down the roads around Stonehenge, so they head to one of Shakespeare's nearby safe houses. Here Gilgamesh teaches the twins the magic of water. While the twins are adjusting to the powers Gilgamesh has taught them, Cernunnos returns with the Wild Hunt and attacks the twins and Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh is wounded by the Archon, but the twins use their newfound magical powers to protect the King. While making their escape, Josh loses Clarent, and Dee grabs the sword, reuniting it with its twin, Excalibur. The two swords fuse together to make a new sword. Flamel, Palamedes and the twins flee for Stonehenge with the Wild Hunt, Dee, and the police after them. They meet up with Shakespeare and the Gabriel Hounds who fled the junk-yard using a secret tunnel, the twins activate the ley lines at Stonehenge and the protagonists are greeted by Perenelle at the other end.

Meanwhile, Scathach and Joan of Arc try to get to Alcatraz to help Perenelle but are trapped in a shadow−realm by Machiavelli, who had deliberately set the trap to snare them. They do not know how to return to their time and must try to survive while they wait for Flamel and the others to find and rescue them.

Characters new to the series

Palamedes - Hired by Francis to assist Flamel and the twins. He is an immortal Saracen knight and had watched King Arthur fall in battle. He has the unusual ability to move freely throughout the Shadowrealms without suffering any ill effects. His aura is dark green and smells like cloves.
William Shakespeare - The immortal human also known as the Bard. He trained under Nicholas Flamel and Dr. Dee . Some members of the Torc Madra, or Gabriel Hounds/ Ratchets are loyal to him. Lived with Palamedes in a junkyard until Flamel and the twins showed up. His aura is yellow and smells of lemon.
Billy the Kid - Real name "Henry McCarthy". Sent to Alcatraz to kill Perenelle Flamel. Owns a Thunderbird convertible. His aura is a deep purple-red and smells of cayenne peppers.
Gilgamesh the King - The oldest immortal human, also known as the "Ancient of Days". Gilgamesh knows all the Magics, but is unable to use them as he has no aura. The centuries have taken their toll on his mind often rendering him forgetful and confused, bordering on insane. Gilgamesh promised to remember Sophie after she shed a tear for him when he said that he could not even remember most of the things that happened in his life.
Cernunnos - The Horned God. An Archon from the time before the Elders walked the earth. Master of the Wild Hunt. Sent to repay a debt to Dee's master by helping destroy Nicholas, Josh, Sophie and the others in the junkyard. Killed King Arthur and Mordred with Clarent.
Nereus - "Old Man of the Sea". He and his daughters prevent Perenelle from leaving Alcatraz. Has eight tentacles rather than two legs.
Genii Cucullati - Shape shifting flesh eaters sent to meet Flamel and his group in London by John Dee.
Gabriel Hounds - Also known as Torc Madra and Ratchets. These are the dog-men loyal to William Shakespeare. They help defend the junkyard castle against the attack from Cernunnos and his Wild Hunt.

Special variations and editions
The Sorceress was released as part of a special edition boxed 3-book set called The First Codex in the USA on 28 September 2010.

The Sorceress is also available as an unabridged audiobook.  It was released by the Listening Library on 26 May 2009 and narrated by Paul Boehmer. The ISBN numbers for the audiobook are:  (UK),  (US).

Award nominations

 Amazon - Best Books of 2009, Top 10 Children's Books: Middle Readers.
 Cybills (Children and Young Bloggers Literary Awards) - 2009 Nominations, fantasy & science-fiction: Elementary/Middle Years.

Online game
To celebrate the release of The Sorceress an online game was created. It was called The Challenges of the Elder and launched on 21 April 2009. Players are guided through the game, which is a set of four challenges, by video scenes featuring Michael Scott. The first task, the Alchemyst's challenge, required players to assemble a moving jigsaw of the series' logo against a countdown clock. The second task, the Magician's challenge, required players to turn over two books from a series of books and find matching symbols, when a matching pair was found both books burst into flames and disappeared. The task was complete when all the books had been matched.  The third task, the Sorceress' challenge was a colour sequencing game where players chose coloured flasks and would have to repeat the sequence that they were shown in.  Players then advanced to meet The Elder, who asked them a set of knowledge questions about the books and were given a coloured aura depending on their scores and time taken in the tasks.

Sequel
The sequel The Necromancer: The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel was released on 25 May 2010 in the USA. and 5 August 2010 in the UK.

References

External links

 Publisher's website
 Flamel Fan Forum

2009 American novels
Young adult fantasy novels
American young adult novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by Michael Scott (Irish author)
Sequel novels
2009 fantasy novels
Cultural depictions of Billy the Kid
Novels about William Shakespeare
Cultural depictions of Gilgamesh
Alcatraz Island in fiction
Novels set in London
Delacorte Press books
Doubleday (publisher) books
Cultural depictions of Niccolò Machiavelli
Celtic mythology in popular culture


Judge Dredd is a comic book character that first appeared in 2000 AD comics in 1977. The comics are set in a dystopian future where 'judges' control everything. A film based on Judge Dredd was made in 1995, starring Sylvester Stallone. A 2012 film starred Karl Urban.

Comics characters

Judge Dredd


Wasabi is a spice traditionally prepared from a plant from the cabbage family. Its root is used as a spice and has a very strong flavor. The root is smashed up into paste and used as a condiment. Its hotness is more like hot mustard or horseradish than chili pepper, because it irritates the nose more than the tongue. Eating too much wasabi can cause a very painful feeling in the nose. The plant grows naturally in Japan. It is often eaten with sushi.

Wasabi needs clean water and a cool climate. It is difficult to grow wasabi. There are two ways to grow wasabi. One way is to grow wasabi in water. The other way is to grow wasabi in a field.

Major sources of wasabi are Shizuoka, Nagano, Shimane, Yamanashi, and Iwate prefectures in Japan. Other source of wasabi include China, New Zealand, Taiwan.

Because the wasabi plant is so hard to grow, real wasabi is very rare and expensive, most wasabi is a green paste that is really made from horseradish, mustard and food coloring.

Wasabi is also known for how spicy, or hot it is.

References

Spices
Brassicaceae
Condiments

Wasabi


The coccyx is a set of bones that are fused together (joined up). It is found at the base of the vertebral column. This collection of bones is often called the tailbone. At birth, these bones are separate. These bones do not contain cartilage between them.

Bones

Coccyx


Little Man Tate is a 1991 American drama film directed by Jodie Foster (in her directorial debut) from a screenplay written by Scott Frank. The film stars Adam Hann-Byrd as Fred Tate, a seven-year-old child prodigy who struggles to self-actualize in social and psychological settings that largely fail to accommodate his intelligence. It also stars Foster,  Dianne Wiest,  Harry Connick Jr.,  David Hyde Pierce, Debi Mazar and P.J. Ochlan.

Little Man Tate was released theatrically on October 18, 1991 by Orion Pictures to critical and commercial success. Reviewers praised Foster's direction, Frank's screenplay and the  performances of the cast. The film grossed $25 million domestically, on a  $10 million budget.

Plot
Dede Tate is a young working-class woman of average intelligence raising her seven-year-old son, Fred. Fred shows every indication of being a genius. Fred's reading and mathematics abilities are remarkable, and he plays the piano "at competition level,"  but his intellect has isolated him from his public school classmates.

Fred's abilities come to the attention of Jane Grierson, a former music prodigy and now a psychologist running a school for gifted children. She asks permission from Dede to admit Fred to the school, in order to develop his intellectual gifts in ways that a public school cannot. Dede is reluctant, preferring that Fred have a more normal upbringing, but when no friends come to Fred's seventh birthday party, Dede consents.

Fred joins other brilliant young people, and participates in Jane's  Odyssey of the Mind event for part of the spring. There he meets one of his heroes, who is one of Jane's prized pupils, the brilliant but slightly bizarre "Mathemagician" Damon Wells, a whiz at math who wears a black cape wherever he goes. After Fred unintentionally upstages Damon at one of the competitions at Odyssey of the Mind, Damon is upset with Fred. Damon however warms up to Fred when out horseback riding on Jane's ranch, and is Fred's first insight to a world outside academia. Damon tells him, "it's not the size of a man's IQ that matters; it's how he uses it". Jane attempts to become more nurturing, but is unable to relate to Fred as anything other than a case study.

Fred is later enrolled at a university, where he studies quantum physics while his mother, aunt and cousins travel to Florida for the summer. An adult student named Eddie accidentally hits Fred with a globe when goofing around. To make it up to Fred, Eddie takes him out for a ride on his moped and shows him things such as how to shoot pool; it is good for Fred to spend time with someone who is not a genius. However, when Fred walks into Eddie's room while Eddie is in bed with a woman, Fred runs out and Eddie chases after him. Eddie explains that he cannot be a babysitter for Fred; although he enjoys Fred's company, Fred needs to find friends closer to his own age. The return to isolation takes its toll on Fred, as he suffers from nightmares in which he is treated as a freak and an outsider.

Jane is asked to bring Fred onto a TV panel discussion show on the topic of gifted children. Fred attends but breaks down. He claims his mother is dead, and recites a childish poem (a word-for-word repetition of a poem by one of his former grade school classmates) before taking off his microphone and walking out of the studio.  Dede witnesses some of this as it is being broadcast, and flies back to New York.  Jane is unable to find Fred, but Dede discovers him back at their apartment, and embraces him.

One year later, Fred has adjusted to the pressures of being a child genius, particularly after an even younger student is admitted to Jane's school.  Dede hosts a well-attended birthday party for Fred, reconciling Fred's emotional development with his intellect.

Cast
 Adam Hann-Byrd as Fred Tate
Alex Lee as Fred Tate Age 2
Geoffrey C. York as Infant Fred Tate
 Jodie Foster as Dede Tate
 Dianne Wiest as Jane Grierson
 Harry Connick Jr. as Eddie
 David Hyde Pierce as Garth Emmerick
 Debi Mazar as Gina
 P.J. Ochlan as Damon Wells
 Michael Shulman as Matt Montini
 Carolyn Lawrence as Sorority Girl
 Celia Weston as Miss Nimvel
 Danitra Vance as Clinic Doctor
 Nathan Lee as Matt's Teammate
 Richard Fredette as The Bartender
 George Plimpton as Winston F. Buckner
 Elizabeth H. Frietsch as Live Wire Girl
 Jennifer Trier as Grierson Institute Teacher
 Lawrence Gallegos as Fraternity Guy
 D. Michael Pierce as College Student
 Evan Prizant as Child Star, The Adding Machine
 Ellen McElduff as Make Up Woman
 Bob Balaban as Quizmaster (uncredited)
 Gordon Greene as The Doctor

Production
Jodie Foster, who is herself a former child prodigy, was immediately impressed by the film's narrative and was interested in directing it. Orion Pictures was on the verge of bankruptcy at the time and was skeptical about Foster directing the film. They ultimately agreed after she offered to act in the film without payment. The film includes certain autobiographical elements from Foster's life.

Most of the film was shot in Over-the-Rhine and downtown Cincinnati.  Other locations include the Cincinnati neighborhood of Clifton; the Village of Indian Hill; the University of Cincinnati's McMicken Hall; Miami University's Alumni Hall, Upham Hall, Hall Auditorium and the Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity House, in Oxford, Ohio; and both the Wexner Center and the Ohio Theater in Columbus, Ohio.

Reception

Box office
In its opening weekend in North America, Little Man Tate was #6 at the box office, grossing $2.3 million. The film grossed a total of $25 million domestically, against a $10 million budget becoming a commercial success.

Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 71% based on 31 reviews, with an average rating of 6.30/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 71 out of 100 based on 5 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews".

Roger Ebert gave the film three and a half stars out of four and commented on how the film's premise is similar to Foster's life, saying; "Little Man Tate is the kind of movie you enjoy watching; it's about interesting people finding out about themselves and as Foster creates this little man who sees a lot and knows a lot but is only gradually beginning to understand a lot, we can hear echoes, perhaps, of a young girl who once found it more interesting to study French than get her picture in the fan magazines".

References

External links

1991 films
1991 drama films
American drama films
Films about autism
Films about educators
Films about music and musicians
Films directed by Jodie Foster
Films set in Cincinnati
Miami University
Orion Pictures films
Films with screenplays by Scott Frank
Films produced by Scott Rudin
Films scored by Mark Isham
Tate, Fred
1991 directorial debut films
Films about mother–son relationships
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Films shot in Cincinnati

Little Man Tate


Anton Melik (January 1, 1890 – June 8, 1966) was a Slovene geographer.

Biography
Melik was born in the village of Črna Vas in Carniola, part of Austria-Hungary. Before and during World War I, he studied at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1916 in history and geography. Later he was employed as a secondary school teacher. In 1926–1927 he became an associate professor at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ljubljana, in 1932 a senior lecturer, and then in 1938 a professor.

In 1927 he received his PhD from the Faculty of Arts with his dissertation on the settlement of the Ljubljana Marsh. Between 1938 and 1966, he was a professor of geomorphology at the Department of Geography at the University of Ljubljana, succeeding professor Artur Gavazzi in 1938. With his work in this field he established his well-known geomorphological school.

In 1935–1936, the publishing house Slovenska matica published his monumental work Geografija Slovenije (The Geography of Slovenia) in two volumes with a general regional part, later extended with four additional books between 1954 and 1960, with a detailed regional description of particular areas of Slovenia: the Alps, Styria with Prekmurje and the Meža Valley, the Lower Sava Valley, and the Slovenian Littoral.

Between 1947 and 1960, Melik was head of the Department of Geography at the Faculty of Arts. Between 1948 and 1966, he was head of the Geographical Institute of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Between 1946/1947 and 1949/1950, he was chancellor of the University of Ljubljana, and he served twice as dean of the Faculty of Arts in 1940/1941 and 1945/1946. He retired in 1966. He died in Ljubljana.

In 1976, the Geographical Institute of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, founded in 1946, was renamed the Anton Melik Geographical Institute in his honor.

Family
His two brothers Franc Melik (born 1885), and Ivan Melik (born 1894) were killed in a grove known as Kosler's Thicket (, named after its former owner Peter Kosler), on November 25, 1943 together with 12 other victims by a unit of the collaborationist Slovenian Home Guard militia under the command of Franc Frakelj.

For his work on the geography of Slovenia and Yugoslavia, Melik received the Prešeren Award in 1947, 1949, and 1951. His son, Vasilij Melik, was a historian; his two other sons, Anton (1918) and Andrej (1927–1930), died as children.

Sources
Who was Anton Melik
Ivan Gams, William Morris Davis, Anton Melik, slemenski nivoji in pobočni procesi v Sloveniji / William Morris Davis, Anton Melik, Level Top Ridges and Slope Processes in Slovenia, Geografski zbornik 41 (2001).
Primož Jakopin, Zbornik ob 80-letnici FF, 1919-1999, Oddelek za geografijo (Collection Marking the 80th Anniversary of the Faculty of Arts, 1919-1999, Department of Geography).

References

External links

 Anton Melik Geographical Institute

1890 births
1966 deaths
People from the City Municipality of Ljubljana
Slovenian geographers
Regional geographers
Prešeren Award laureates
University of Vienna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Ljubljana
20th-century geographers

Anton Melik


An estoppel Certificate (or Estoppel Letter) is a document often used in due diligence in real estate and mortgage activities.  It is a document often completed, but at least signed, by a tenant used in their landlord's proposed transaction with a third party. A mortgage lender intending to collateralize a tenant-occupied property or a purchaser intending to purchase such a property will often want to verify certain representations made by the landlord.

An estoppel certificate provides confirmation by the tenant of the terms of the rental agreement, such as the amount of rent, the amount of security deposit and the expiration of the agreement.   Further, the estoppel certificate may give the opportunity to the tenant to explain if they may have any claims against the landlord, which may affect a buyer's or lender's decision to complete the proposed transaction.

Some lease agreements require the tenant to complete such a certificate or to waive their responses by allowing the landlord to complete the estoppel certificate under certain circumstances.

If the language in the lease so provides, a tenant can be in default under a lease after failing to comply with a request from the landlord for an estoppel certificate.  The majority of commercial leases include a provision establishing the requirements for the provision of a tenant estoppel certificate following the landlord's request.

References

Contract law
Estoppel
Real property law

Estoppel certificate


Christopher John Offutt (born August 24, 1958) is an American writer. He is most widely known for his short stories and novels, but he has also published three memoirs and multiple nonfiction articles. In 2005, he had a story included in a comic book collection edited by Michael Chabon, and another in the anthology Noir. He has written episodes for the TV series True Blood and Weeds.

Early life and education
Chris Offutt was born in Lexington, Kentucky, the son of Andrew J. Offutt, an author, and his wife Jodie. His brother Jeff Offutt is a professor of software engineering. He has two sisters: Scotty Hyde, who lives in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and Melissa Offutt, who lives in San Diego. They grew up in Haldeman, a small former mining community located in Rowan County in the Appalachian Mountain foothills of eastern Kentucky. They all attended public schools. Offutt quit high school intending to join the army, but failed the physical.
Offutt subsequently attended Morehead State University and graduated with a degree in theater and a minor in English. After college, he hitchhiked around the country, taking more than 50 jobs, all part-time, and began writing.

Offutt later attended the Iowa Writers' Workshop.

Literary career
In 1992, Offutt published his first short story collection, Kentucky Straight. His second book was the 1993 memoir The Same River Twice. In 1997 he published his first novel, The Good Brother.  In 1998 he published Two-Eleven All Around.

In 1999, he published his second collection of stories, Out of the Woods. His next book was a memoir, No Heroes: A Memoir of Coming Home (2002), about a six-month return to Rowan County where he had lived as a child.

Offutt's story, "Chuck's Bucket," was included in McSweeney's Mammoth Treasury of Thrilling Tales (2002), edited by Michael Chabon. In 2005, Offutt made his comic book debut when he wrote "Another Man's Escape" for Michael Chabon Presents: The Amazing Adventures of the Escapist.  A second comic is included in the anthology Noir, from Dark Horse Comics.

Offutt has been a visiting faculty member at the Iowa Writers' Workshop, the University of Montana, the University of New Mexico, Grinnell College, Morehead State University, and Mercer University. He is teaching at the University of Mississippi as visiting faculty.

In addition to his fiction, Offutt writes non-fiction articles, which have been published in The New York Times, Men's Journal, and the Oxford American and aired on National Public Radio. His work is widely translated, and it is taught in high schools and colleges. His stories are included in many anthologies, including Best American Short Stories, and New Stories of the South (four works). They have twice been featured on "Selected Shorts" on NPR. He has also written screenplays for TV series.

Honors
His work has received awards from the Lannan Foundation, Guggenheim Foundation, the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the National Endowment for the Arts. He received a Whiting Award in Fiction and Nonfiction. In 1996 Offutt was named one of the twenty best young American fiction writers by Granta magazine.

Works

Books
 Kentucky Straight (1992)
 The Same River Twice: A Memoir (1993)
 The Good Brother (1997)
 Two-Eleven All Around (1998)
 Out of the Woods (1999)
 "Moscow, Idaho," Originally Published in Granta 54: Best of Young American Novelists
 No Heroes: A Memoir of Coming Home (2002)
 My Father, the Pornographer: A Memoir (February 2016)
Country Dark (2018)
The Killing Hills (2021)
Code of the Hills (2023)

Stories and articles
 "Chicken Eggs", Oxford American, Spring 2014
 "My Dad, the Pornographer", New York Times Magazine, 5 February 2015
 "Trash Food", Oxford American, Spring 2015

Television
True Blood
"Burning House of Love" (1x07)
"I Don't Wanna Know" (1x10)
Weeds
"A Distinctive Horn" (5x08)

References

Further reading

External links
 "Chris Offutt bio", Lannan Foundation
Profile at The Whiting Foundation
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Chris Offutt papers, circa 1980-2015

1958 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American memoirists
American male novelists
Screenwriters from Iowa
Grinnell College faculty
Writers from Santa Monica, California
Writers from Lexington, Kentucky
University of Montana faculty
University of New Mexico faculty
Iowa Writers' Workshop faculty
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
American television writers
American male television writers
American male short story writers
American male screenwriters
20th-century American short story writers
Screenwriters from Kentucky
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Kentucky
Novelists from Iowa
American male non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from Montana
Screenwriters from New Mexico

Chris Offutt


Lisp (used to be called LISP) is a programming language. It is among the oldest programming languages that are still used today. Only Fortran is one year older. Lisp was designed by John McCarthy in 1958. The best-known versions of LISP are Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure. Many concepts that are used in modern programming languages were first created in Lisp.
Linked lists are a very important data structure in Lisp.
The basic concepts behind Lisp are easy to learn. Logo is another version of Lisp that was made for children. Logo can help young children develop skills and become efficient within the programming language.

Simple examples (Scheme)
In Lisp, operations are written in prefix notation, and they start and end with parentheses. For example, the formula  is written as:

(/ (+ 3 5) 4)
; returns 2

Because Lisp is a functional language, Lisp programs often use recursion to solve problems. Here is a Scheme program that finds the factorial of a number. The function (factorial n) starts by testing if  or not. If , then (factorial 0) is 1. If , then (factorial n) returns the product of  and the factorial of .

(define (factorial n)
    (if
      (= n 0)
      1
      (* n (factorial (- n 1)))))

(factorial 6)
; returns the factorial of 6: 6! = 6*5*4*3*2*1 = 720

Linked lists are an important idea in Lisp. The list without any things in it is known as the empty or nil list, and is written as '(). A list that has things in it is written as '(dog cat).

The operation car is used to get the first thing of a list. For example,

(car '(dog cat fish))
; returns 'dog, which is the first thing in the list
(car '(1 2 3 4 5 6 7))
; returns 1
(car '())
; this code gives an error because the list is empty/nil

The operation cdr returns everything in the list except for the first thing.
(cdr '(dog cat fish))
; returns '(cat fish)
(cdr '(6))
; returns '(), because there is nothing in the list after the first thing (6)
(cdr '())
; gives an error because the list is empty/nil

Here is a hello world program in Scheme:

(display "Hello world!")

Programming languages

Lisp (programming language)


The sudo command is a program for Unix-like operating systems like Linux distributions.  It allows users to run programs as another user.  The "su" portion is sometimes described as substitute user, super user, or switch user.

Importance
The sudo command gives the administrator the option of allowing certain users access to otherwise disallowed commands on a granular level.  This power must be carefully administered as it could potentially allow users to make changes to files that could cause serious damage to other users' files as well as damaging the operating system itself.

Usage
The sudo command is used from the command line.

For example:
Imagine a system has three users: student, JOE, and BOB.

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ /bin/grep "home" /etc/passwd
student:x:1000:1000:Student:/home/student:/bin/bash
BOB:x:1001:1001::/home/BOB:/bin/bash
JOE:x:1002:1002::/home/JOE:/bin/bash
[JOE@clone7 ~]$

JOE wants to know what files are in BOB's home directory.  As one would expect, unless given rights through other means, JOE will be denied:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ ls -lrt /home/BOB
ls: cannot open directory /home/BOB: Permission denied
[JOE@clone7 ~]$

If JOE is in the sudoer file, she can use the sudo command to run the ls command as if she were BOB:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo -u BOB  ls -lrt /home/BOB
[sudo] password for JOE:

total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 BOB BOB 0 Jan  6 06:48 BOBs_secretfile.txt
[JOE@clone7 ~]$

If JOE is not in the sudoers file, she will be denied:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo -u BOB  ls -lrt /home/BOB
[sudo] password for JOE:

JOE is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

[JOE@clone7 ~]$

Another example, to delete a file (e.g. Example.php) normal users do not typically have permissions for, the user can type:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo rm -r Example.php
[sudo] password for JOE:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$

When the password is entered correctly (assuming proper entries in the sudoers file), the computer would then run the command.

Programs with a graphical user interface can also be run with sudo, but it may mess them up.
Various desktops for Unix-like systems usually have their own version of sudo for such programs.

Unix

Sudo


Hattusili III was a king of the Hittite empire around 1267–1237 BC. He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II.

Hattusili led the Hittite forces in the Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC. Hattusili and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II later made a peace treaty. This is the earliest treaty which has survived to the present day. Apparently, it was based upon previous Hittite models. The treaty set up a long-lasting peace between the two rival empires. Ramesses married Hattusili's daughter, and years later he married another Hittite princess.

References

Hittite Empire
Mesopotamian people
13th century BC
2nd-millennium BC people

Hattusili III


Ski Park Manager is a video game released in 2002, developed by Lankhor and published by Microïds.

The game has 42 challenges and three levels of difficulty. The game has a career mode, where you buy and sell your ski resorts, to acquire the most popular ones. There is a training module, to learn the techniques of the game. This is a large variety of scenarios, including bankruptcy, school holidays, snowstorms, accidents, avalanches and low snowfall.

To entertain your holiday makers, the game has a large number of possible activities. Some of these are downhill and cross-country skiing, sledding, walking and shopping. You must construct your own infrastructure including chalets, hotels, apartments, facilities, shops, restaurants and bars. The landscape can be modified, for example by deforesting. And also allows players to develop and research new buildings in the Ski Lab plus building.

External links
 Ski Park Manager at Microïds

2002 video games
Business simulation games
Skiing video games
Video games developed in France
Windows games
Windows-only games
Microïds games
Lankhor games

Ski Park Manager


The word "post-disco" refers to late 1970s and early 1980s music and movement of disco music. It has electronic/funk influenced (affected) sounds. Post-disco was invented by DJs and music producers in USA and the UK.

Post-disco music is similar to disco, however, is far more experimental and electronic based. Often composed by DJs or producers, it keeps many of disco's original characteristics, yet, it often incorporates synthesizers or sequencers within its composition.

Post-disco music is a little bit rare, hard-to-find songs can be found for example in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories on fictional radio station Paradise FM.

However, post-disco impact can be heard in styles like house, techno, electro, crunk, dance-rock, italo-disco or dance-pop.

Post-disco artists include Kashif, Mtume, Unlimited Touch, Kurtis Blow, Patrice Rushen.

Related pages
List of post-disco artists

Electronic dance music
New wave
R&B music

Post-disco


The Tanner Trail is a hiking trail located on the South Rim of the Grand Canyon National Park, located in the U.S. state of Arizona.  The trailhead is located at Lipan Point, a prominent lookout located to the east of the Grand Canyon Village, and the trail ends at the Colorado River at Tanner Rapids.

History
The Tanner Trail started out as an ancient Anasazi and Hopi route to the Colorado River.  Most believe today that Tanner Canyon is where García López de Cárdenas became the first European to encounter the Grand Canyon.  The trail is named after Seth Tanner, a 19th-century prospector who improved the trail so he would have better access to his copper mine.  It is also believed that Tanner Canyon was once used as an old horse thief trail where buried gold known as Long Tom's treasure is located.  The horse thieves would use the canyon to bring the horses from Arizona into Utah.  While in the canyon, the horse thieves would change the brands of the horses, then they would cross the Colorado River and drive the horses out of the canyon through the Nankoweap Trail up onto the North Rim.  The canyon was once named Horsethief Canyon in honor of this storied past.

Access
Entrance to the South Rim of the Grand Canyon can be accessed by two points: the south entrance via State Route 64 north from Williams, and the east entrance via State Route 64 west from U.S. Route 89.  The trailhead for the Tanner Trail is located near the parking area at Lipan Point, which can be accessed by the Desert View Drive.  Hikers are advised to park at Lipan Point, as the trailhead is located just before the parking lot at Lipan Point.

Description

The Tanner trailhead begins at the information sign just before Lipan Point.  The trail starts out by crossing the rim plateau to the canyon edge.  It then enters the Tanner Canyon and starts a series of switchbacks, which become very steep and rocky.  The descent is considered to be one of the steepest rim descents in the Grand Canyon.  The trail goes through the Kaibab Formation and becomes even steeper in the Coconino sandstone and the Hermit shale.  It finally reaches the Supai group, where the ridge between Tanner Canyon and Seventyfive Mile Canyon is located.

The trail then enters into the Tanner Canyon creek for a short time, then it leaves the creek.  It then makes a long yet moderate crossing of the Supai group.  There are many suitable campsites along this stretch, while it passes Escalante and then Cardenas Buttes.  The trail passes below these buttes and descends into a boulder-strewn plateau.  It then turns to the north to the end of the plateau.

At this point the trail makes its second major descent, dropping off the plateau into the lower Tanner Canyon.  There are some switchbacks yet the trail mainly descends straight down around  to a red saddle below where there are a few campsites.  From the saddle, the trail levels out, although there is still a gradual rate of descent.  The trail follows the west side of Tanner Canyon, slowly descending to the streambed below.  When the streambed is reached, the trail crosses over to the east side and up onto the river plateau.  It crosses this small plateau and drops into the campground.  Campsites can be found to the east and the west

Condition
The trail is categorized as a primitive trail and receives little maintenance by trail crews and very few patrols by park rangers.  This trail is only recommended for seasoned hikers, as it is very steep, rocky, has very little shade, and the only water source is the Colorado River.  The trail is fairly well worn, and mostly easy to follow, although it is one of the longer trails in the Canyon.  Extreme care and preparation should always be taken in attempting a trail in the Grand Canyon.

Water availability
The only reliable source of water along the Tanner Trail is the Colorado River.  Seasonal water may be found in the Tanner Canyon.  Hikers can check with the Backcountry Information Center for updates on all seasonal water sources, which are regularly checked by other hikers and Park rangers.  All water in the Grand Canyon must be treated before consumption.  The National Park Service recommends boiling, iodine tablets, or filters in order to purify the water.  If water is taken from the Colorado River, the Park recommends letting the water sit so the sediment will settle.

Camping

Camping in the Tanner Trail area is at-large.  There are multiple "campsites" along the trail, but the main camp area is located at Tanner Rapids, a spot that is popular to rafters.  The camp area is located at the end of the Trail, situated between the dunes to west and the river to the east.  The camp area has a pit toilet located in the middle of the campsites.  The sand dunes to west are off-limits to camping and foot-travel, as the Park is attempting to revegetate and stabilize the area
.

Hazards

Hazards hikers can encounter along the Tanner Trail include dehydration, heat stroke, exhaustion, sudden rainstorms, flash flooding, loose footing, rockfall, encounters with wildlife, extreme heat, and getting lost.  At the Colorado River, additional hazards include hypothermia (due to the river's consistently cold temperatures), trauma (due to collisions with boulders in rapids), and drowning.  Extreme care, caution, and preparation should always be used when entering the Grand Canyon.

Hikers also need to remember that the Grand Canyon is located in the desert, and as such there are many dangerous desert species to watch out for.  These include all types of scorpions, snakes, spiders, centipedes, mice, deer, big horn sheep, and mountain lions.  The most dangerous and venomous of these animals are the black widow spider, the Arizona bark scorpion, and the rattlesnake.

See also

 List of trails in Grand Canyon National Park
 Desert View Watchtower
 Tanner Graben at Tanner Rapids

References

External links
 Grand Canyon National Park, Official site
 Grand Canyon Explorer
 Grand Canyon Planner
 The American Southwest
 Tanner Photos
 Grand Canyon Pictures and Reviews

Hiking trails in Grand Canyon National Park
Arizona folklore
Trails and roads in the American Old West

Tanner Trail


The giant otter shrew (Potamogale velox) is a semiaquatic, carnivorous afrotherian mammal. It is found in the main rainforest block of central Africa from Nigeria to Zambia, with a few isolated populations in Kenya and Uganda. It lives in streams, wetlands and slow flowing larger rivers. It is the only species in the genus Potamogale. Otter shrews are most closely related to the tenrecs of Madagascar.

They are nocturnal carnivores that feed on aquatic animals. Despite its name, the giant otter shrew is not a true shrew (Soricidae). The common name refers to their resemblance to otters with their flat face, stiff whiskers, and muscular tails, and to their overall superficial similarity to true shrews.

Description

The giant otter shrew is a mammal superficially similar to an otter in appearance. It is characterized by a long, flat tail, which it uses for swimming by sideways undulation like a fish. It has a muzzle covered with bristles, and flat shielded nostrils. It has dense, soft hair, silky on the tail.

It has small eyes and external ears. Its fur consists of a dense undercoat and coarse guard hairs. It possesses counter-shading with dark brown on its back and whitish or yellowish under parts. The tail is covered with a short, silky coat of fur and is compressed laterally which allow it to swim by horizontal undulations as in fishes and crocodiles. Its legs are short and lack webbing so they are not used for swimming. The hind feet have a flap of skin along the inside that allows them to be held snugly against the body when swimming. There are also two syndactylous (2nd and 3rd toes are fused) toes on the hind feet, used for grooming. On land P. velox is plantigrade. Females have two mammae on the lower abdomen  for feeding young.

The mass ranges from  to . Head and body length is  to , and reaches  to  with tail.

Geographic range
Giant otter shrews are native to central Africa, from the southern regions of Nigeria (central Rainforest Zone), and then eastward through Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan to the northern regions of Angola and Zambia. There is a small population that lives between Uganda and Kenya and the preserved rainforest of Kakamega, Kenya.

Habitat
This species prefers fresh water aquatic microhabitats in the rainforest.  Preferred environments include fast flowing rivers, streams, swamps, coastal rivers, and during rainy season some may retreat to small forest pools (altitude range from 0–1,800m). River banks provide good habitats for breeding and nesting.  These animals make burrows with an entrance below water level (like otters) and during the day find shelter there and then become active in the afternoon.

Behavior
The giant otter shrew builds burrows among riverbank crevices. It chooses dry leaves with which to line its nest. This is also where breeding takes place. The burrows are frequently changed. When foraging, otter shrews take frequent grooming breaks. When traveling upstream the otter shrew travels on the bank and then swims downstream. The night foraging routine is regular and predictable, and covers up to 800 meters a night. P. velox regularly visits discrete piles of feces that are sheltered and probably used to mark boundaries of territory.

Giant otter shrews are solitary with one shrew occupying between 500–1,000 m of stream.

Food habits

P. velox is a nocturnal predator, hunting primarily by touch and scent in and around calm pools. Each dive lasts only seconds. P. velox searches both within the pool and along the bank for prey using the sensitive vibrissae and odor and apparently not eyesight. It prefers areas that have cover to retreat to when it feels threatened. P. velox attacks prey using sharp bites, sometimes pinning the prey with its fore feet, and flipping crabs over to attack their weaker ventral surface. They usually avoid crabs larger than 7 cm across. The prey preference varies among individuals; some prefer crabs; others, frogs or fish. Frogs are eaten headfirst and fish are pulled apart into manageable bits. Prey is consumed on the bank. P. velox also eats insects, mollusks, and freshwater prawns.
In captivity it eats 15–20 crabs per night.

Lifespan
Giant otter shrews fare very poorly in captivity.  Captive specimens have been recorded to deteriorate in health very quickly, living only 1– 14 days.

Reproduction
Giant otter shrews breed during the wet/rainy season. They give birth to one or two young per litter, once or twice a year. Males move long distances via water in search of mates and it is thought that males rut (or fight) during the wet season.

Conservation status
Currently this species is listed as being of least concern by the IUCN because its declining rate is not significant enough to move to the next category. However it is on the decline. One of the major threats to this species is the soil erosion caused by deforestation especially in Cameroon. While they can tolerate seasonally cloudy streams, streams muddied from erosion and deforestation are little used. Some drown in fishing nets or fish traps, and members of this species have not survived well in captivity. There is ongoing research about the effects of human activity on them. It is also hunted extensively for its skin.

References

giant otter shrew
Mammals of West Africa
Mammals of Central Africa
Mammals of East Africa
Aquatic mammals
giant otter shrew
giant otter shrew

Giant otter shrew


Carrion beetle is the name for a group of beetles, where the larvae feed on raw flesh.  They are also known as large carrion beetles or  burying beetles. They are in the family Silphidae, which belongs to the order Coleoptera.

Over 180 species of such beetles are known. They lay their eggs into raw flesh, and the larvae feed on raw flesh (or dead animals). Sometimes the adults hunt and kill the larvae of other insects.

Most carrion beetles only walk: they have lost the power of flight. The do walk for long distances in search of dead animals to lay their eggs on.

Most species occur on the northern hemisphere, in temperate climates.  Often, they can be found in grassland or woodland areas. In the tropical climates they occur mostly in the mountains, where it is colder. They are not present in the desert.

Polyphaga

Carrion beetle


The Inca were a pre-Columbian civilization and empire in the Andes of South America. The word Inca can also mean the emperor or king of the Inca people. It was the largest empire in the Americas, and was large even by world standards. It existed shortly before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas.

The Inca ruled along the western coast of South America for a little over 100 years, until the Spanish invasion in the 16th century. The empire was centered around the city of Cuzco, or Qosqo, in what is now southern Peru. This was the administrative, political and military center of the empire. In later years, it was also centered around Quito. The Inca were ruled by an Emperor known as the Sapa Inca. Throughout their empire, they built many roads and bridges to make travel  between their communities easy.

The Inca Empire was called  in Quechua, which means "four regions". The empire only lasted for about 100 years as the arrival of the conquering Spaniards in 1532 AD marked the end of their reign. Their main language was Quechua, but as the Empire was made up of many different groups there were probably many different languages as well.

The Inca Empire began around Lake Titicaca in about 1197. From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used conquest and non-violent assimilation to gain a large portion of western South America. Their empire centered on the Andean mountain ranges. It included large parts of what is now Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.

In 1533, Atahualpa, the last sovereign emperor, was executed by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro. That meant the beginning of Spanish rule in South America. The Inca Empire was supported by an economy based on the collective ownership of the land.

Bibliography
Popenoe, Hugh et al 1989. Lost crops of the Incas. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
De la Vega, Garcilaso 1961. The Incas: the royal commentaries of the Inca. New York: The Orion Press.
McNeill, William H. 2006. How the potato changed the world's history. Social Research 66 1.

Other websites
 Conquest of Peru, Prescott, 1847 Full text, free to read and search, a definitive history of the Incas.  One of the most readable and engaging history books of all time.  Humankind lost a civilization of impressive societal value.
 Inca Land by Hiram Bingham (published 1912–1922)
 Inca Artifacts, Peru, and Machu Picchu 360 degree movies of inca artifacts and Peruvian landscapes.
 Inca civilization and other ancient civilizations by Genry Joil.
 Inca stone cutting techniques: theory on how the Inca walls fit so perfectly.
 Ancient Civilizations - Inca Great research site for kids.
 Incan Ice Mummies NOVA site based on their series about the 1996 expedition that discovered Incan ice mummies.
 Incan Religion

Former empires
1197 establishments
1532 disestablishments
Former monarchies of South America
16th-century disestablishments in South America

Inca Empire


Donald Alan Schlitz Jr. (born August 29, 1952) is an American country music songwriter. For his songwriting efforts, Schlitz has earned two Grammy Awards, as well as four ASCAP Country Songwriter of the Year awards.

In 1993, he was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Later in 2012, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Furthermore, in 2017, he was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. During the Saturday night broadcast on June 11, 2022, Schlitz was invited by Vince Gill to become a member of the Grand Ole Opry. He was officially inducted on August 30, 2022.

Songwriting career
Schlitz' first hit as a songwriter was Kenny Rogers's "The Gambler", which became a crossover country hit upon its release in 1978, later becoming one of Rogers's signature songs. Since then, Schlitz has written numerous country songs and penned several hits for other country artists. Among his biggest hits are two Number One songs which he co-wrote with Paul Overstreet, "Forever and Ever, Amen" by Randy Travis and "When You Say Nothing at All" by Keith Whitley. He has 24 number 1 hits on the Country Charts.

United States President George H. W. Bush also commissioned Schlitz to write a theme song for his "Points of Light" program. This song, "Point of Light", was a No. 3 country hit for Randy Travis in 1991.

Schlitz also worked with Kenny Rogers again in 1998. Rogers joked at the time that "every 20 years I will record a Don Schlitz song". The result was a baseball-themed hit single called "The Greatest". Rogers also recorded several more of his songs in 2013 for his best-selling You Can't Make Old Friends album.

Musicals
He composed the music for the musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.

Recordings
In addition to writing hit singles for other artists, Schlitz has recorded three albums of his own. The first, titled Dreamers' Matinee, was released in 1980 on Capitol Records. A live compilation, titled Live at the Bluebird Café, was released in 2001. In 2010, Schlitz released another studio album of new material, Allergic to Crazy.

Singles

Singles co-written by Don Schlitz

Singles written or co-written by Don Schlitz include the following. Asterisks denote songs which reached Number One on the U.S. Billboard country charts.

"40 Hour Week (For a Livin')" by Alabama*
"Almost Goodbye" by Mark Chesnutt*
"And So It Goes" by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band with John Denver
"Ball and Chain" by Paul Overstreet
"The Battle Hymn of Love" by Kathy Mattea and Tim O'Brien
"The Center of My Universe" by The Bellamy Brothers
"Cheatin'" by Sara Evans
"Crazy from the Heart" by The Bellamy Brothers
"Crying Shame" by Michael Johnson
"Daddy's Come Around" by Paul Overstreet*
"Deeper Than the Holler" by Randy Travis*
"Didn't We Shine" by Waylon Jennings
"Forever and Ever, Amen" by Randy Travis*
"The Gambler" by Kenny Rogers
"Give Me Wings" by Michael Johnson*
"Good as I Was to You" by Lorrie Morgan
"The Greatest" by Kenny Rogers
"Guardian Angels" by The Judds
"He Thinks He'll Keep Her" by Mary Chapin Carpenter
"Heart of the Matter" by The Kendalls (1980), Loretta Lynn (1983)
"Heroes and Friends" by Randy Travis
"Houston Solution" by Ronnie Milsap
"I Could Be Persuaded" by The Bellamy Brothers
"I Feel Lucky" by Mary Chapin Carpenter
"I Know Where I'm Going" by The Judds*
"I Take My Chances" by Mary Chapin Carpenter
"I Think About It All the Time" by John Berry
"I Think About You" by Collin Raye
"I Watched It All (On My Radio)" by Lionel Cartwright
"I Won't Take Less Than Your Love" by Tanya Tucker with Paul Overstreet and Paul Davis*
"If I Could Bottle This Up" by Paul Overstreet
"If I Never See Midnight Again" by Sweethearts of the Rodeo
"If You Can Do Anything Else" by George Strait
"I'll Be Lovin' You" by Lee Greenwood
"In Terms of Love" by SHeDAISY
"Learning to Live Again" by Garth Brooks
"Leaving's Not an Option" by Chris Cummings
"Like Father Like Son" by Lionel Cartwright
"Long Shot" by Baillie & the Boys
"Looking for a Sign" by Chris Cummings
"Loved Too Much" by Ty Herndon
"Midnight Girl/Sunset Town" by Sweethearts of the Rodeo
"My Arms Stay Open All Night" by Tanya Tucker
"Not Too Much to Ask" by Mary Chapin Carpenter with Joe Diffie
"Oh Heart" by Baillie & the Boys
"Old School" by John Conlee
"On the Other Hand" by Randy Travis*
"One Promise Too Late" by Reba McEntire*
"Point of Light" by Randy Travis
"Richest Man on Earth" by Paul Overstreet
"The River and the Highway" by Pam Tillis
"Ready and Waiting" by Deborah Allen
"Rockin' with the Rhythm of the Rain" by The Judds*
"Satisfy You" by Sweethearts of the Rodeo
"Say What's in Your Heart by Restless Heart
"Say Yes" by Dusty Drake
"She Deserves You" by Baillie & the Boys
"Sowin' Love" by Paul Overstreet
"Stand a Little Rain" by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band
"Strong Enough to Bend" by Tanya Tucker*
"True Heart" by The Oak Ridge Boys
"Turn It Loose" by The Judds*
"When You Say Nothing at All" by Keith Whitley* (later covered by Alison Krauss & Union Station and Ronan Keating. Keating's version was in the film Notting Hill, and made it to number one on the British charts.)
"Why They Call It Falling" by Lee Ann Womack
"You Again" by The Forester Sisters*
"You'll Never Be Sorry" by The Bellamy Brothers

Awards
 1979 – Country Music Association – Song of the Year (The Gambler)
 1979 – Grammy – Country Song of the Year (The Gambler)
 1986 – Country Music Association – Song of the Year (On the Other Hand)
 1986 – Academy of Country Music – Song of the Year (On the Other Hand)
 1986 – Nashville Songwriters Association International—Song of the Year (On the Other Hand)
 1987 – Country Music Association – Song of the Year (Forever and Ever, Amen)
 1988 – Grammy – Country Song of the Year (Forever and Ever, Amen)
 1988–1991 – ASCAP – Country Songwriter of the Year
 2010 – Inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame.
 2017 – Inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame

References

1952 births
Living people
Musicians from Durham, North Carolina
Country musicians from North Carolina
Country Music Hall of Fame inductees
American country singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Singer-songwriters from North Carolina

Don Schlitz


A period 2 element is an element in the second period (row) of the periodic table. Period 2 has eight elements: lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Their atomic numbers go from 3 to 10.

Period 2 elements have electrons in the first two electron shells. The first electron shell is always full. The second electron shell (valence electrons) fills when atomic number gets bigger. Two electrons join the 2s orbital, and six electrons join the 2p orbitals.

These atoms can become stable in two ways:
 They can lose electrons so the second electron shell is empty. Lithium, beryllium, and sometimes boron do this.
 They can gain electrons so the second electron shell is full, with 8 electrons. Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon usually do this.

Periodic table

Period 2 element


Trickery is the act of misdirection (leading into the wrong way of thinking) or an illusion (seeing things that are not true).

For example, magic tricks are when someone makes the person seeing it think that the magic they are doing is true, but it actually is not. But magic tricks can also be pleasant entertainment when the audience know it's all tricks.

A trick can also mean to lie or misdirect (lead to wrong way of thinking) a person so that someone who is tricking the person can enjoy winning the game they are playing for example gambling.

Trick is also slang for a prostitute's client.

Animal tricks

Some sort of useful action taught to an animal, for example from "shaking hands" to handing back tools or dropped objects so that people seeing the action can enjoy the trick

In the Norse mythology

Loki is the God of trickery and cunning in the Norse Mythology.

Comedy
Mythology

Trickery


This is a list of cities, towns, villages and hamlets in the counties of the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire.

A

 Aberford, Acaster Malbis, Acaster Selby, Acklam (Middlesbrough), Acklam (Ryedale), Acomb, Addingham, Adel, Adlingfleet, Adwick le Street, Agbrigg, Agglethorpe, Aike, Ainderby Quernhow, Ainderby Steeple, Ainthorpe, Aire View, Airmyn, Airton, Aiskew, Aislaby (Ryedale), Aislaby (Scarborough), Akebar, Aldborough, Aldbrough, Aldbrough St John, Aldfield, Aldwark, Allerston, Allerthorpe, Allerton, Allerton Mauleverer, Almondbury, Alne, Altofts, Alverthorpe, Amotherby, Ampleforth, Angram (Harrogate), Angram (Richmondshire), Anlaby, Anlaby Common, Anston, Appersett, Applegarth, Appleton Roebuck, Appleton Wiske, Appleton-le-Moors, Appleton-le-Street, Appletreewick, Ardsley, Arkendale, Arkle Town, Arksey, Armthorpe, Arncliffe, Arnold, Arram, Arrathorne, Arthington, Asenby, Askham Bryan, Askham Richard, Askrigg, Askwith, Asselby, Aston, Athersley, Atley Hill, Atwick, Aughton (East Riding of Yorkshire), Aughton (South Yorkshire), Austonley, Austwick, Aysgarth, Azerley

B
 Bagby, Baildon, Bainbridge, Bainton, Baldersby St James, Balkholme, Bardsey, Barkerend, Barlby, Barmby Moor, Barmby on the Marsh, Barmston, Barkston Ash, Barnsley, Barugh, Barugh-Green, Barwick-in-Elmet, Batley, Battersby, Beal, Beamsley, Bedale, Beeford, Beggarington, Beggarington Hill, Beighton, Belby, Bell Busk, Bellasize, Bempton, Beningbrough, Bennetland, Benningholme, Bentley, Berry Brow, Bessacarr, Bessingby, Beswick, Beverley, Bewholme, Bielby, Bilbrough, Billingley, Bilton (East Riding of Yorkshire), Bilton (Harrogate), Bilton-in-Ainsty, Bingley, Binsoe, Birdsedge, Birdwell, Birkby, Birstall, Birstwith, Bishop Burton, Bishop Wilton, Blacktoft, Blubberhouses, Bolton, Bolton on Dearne, Boothferry, Boothtown, Booze, Boroughbridge, Borrowby (Hambleton), Borrowby (Scarborough), Boston Spa, Bottom Boat, Boulderclough, Bouthwaite, Boynton, Bracken on the Wolds, Bradford, Bradley, Braithwell, Bramham, Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Bramhope, Bramley, Leeds, Bramley, South Yorkshire, Brampton, Brampton-en-le-Morthen, Brandesburton, Brantingham, Brayton, Breighton, Bridge Hewick, Bridlington, Brierley, Brigham, Brighouse, Brind, Brinsworth, Broadgate, Brockholes, Brokes, Broomfleet, Brotherton, Brough, Broughton, Buckden, Buckton, Bubwith, Bugthorpe, Burley, Burley-in-Wharfedale, Burley Woodhead, Burnby, Burneston, Burnsall, Burnt Yates, Bursea, Burshill, Burstwick, Burton Agnes, Burton Constable, Burton Fleming, Burton Leonard, Burton Pidsea, Burton Salmon, Buttercrambe.

C
 Calcutt, Calverley, Camblesforth, Camerton, Canklow, Carcroft, Carlecotes, Carleton, Carlton in Cleveland, Carlton (Richmondshire), Carlton (Selby), Carlton Husthwaite, Carlton Miniott, Carnaby, Carr Gate, Cartworth, Castle Bolton, Castleford, Castleton, Catcliffe, Catfoss, Catterick, Catwick, Cawthorne, Cawood, Cherry Burton, Church End, Churwell, Clayton (South Yorkshire), Clayton (West Yorkshire), Cleckheaton, Clifford, Clifton (Doncaster), Clifton (Rotherham), Clifton (West Yorkshire), Clifton (York), Cold Kirby, Conisbrough Coniston, Conistone, Cononley, Constable Burton, Copley, Copt Hewick, Cotness, Cottam, Cottingham, Countersett, Cowden, Cowlam, Cowling (Craven), Cowling (Hambleton), Coxwold, Crambe, Cranswick, Cray, Crofton, Croome, Cropton, Crossflatts, Cross Hills, Cubeck, Cubley, Cudworth, Cundy Cross

D
Dallowgill, Dalton (South Yorkshire), Dalton (West Yorkshire), Damems, Danby, Danby Wiske, Danthorpe, Darfield, Darton, Denby Dale, Denholme, Denton, Dewsbury, Dinnington, Dodworth, Doncaster, Dore, Drewton, Driffield, Drighlington, Dringhoe, Drub, Dunnington, Dunford Bridge, Dunswell

E
 Earby, Easington (East Riding of Yorkshire), Easington (North Yorkshire), Easingwold, East Ardsley [Near Wakefield], East Barnby, East Cottingwith, East Cowick, East Knapton, East Newton, Eastburn, Eastrington, East Rigton, Eccleshill, Edlington, Egton, Egton Bridge, Elland, Ellerker, Ellerton (East Riding), Ellerton (near Catterick, North Yorkshire), Ellerton (in Swaledale, North Yorkshire), Elloughton, Elmswell, Elsecar, Elstronwick, Embsay, Emley, Emmotland, Eppleworth, Eryholme, Eske, Eston, Etherdwick, Etton, Everingham, Everthorpe

F
 Fangfoss, Farnhill, Farnley (North Yorkshire), Farnley (West Yorkshire), Farsley, Faxfleet, Featherstone, Felixkirk, Fewston, Filey, Fimber, Firbeck, Fitling, Flamborough, Flinton, Flockton, Flockton Green, Foggathorpe, Fordon, Foston on the Wolds, Fountainhead Village, Foxholes, Fox Royd, Fraisthorpe, Frickley, Fridaythorpe, Full Sutton, Fulwood, Fylingdales

G
 Ganstead, Gardham, Garforth, Gargrave, Garrowby, Garton, Garton on the Wolds, Gawber, Gawthorpe (Kirklees), Gawthorpe (Wakefield), Gembling, Giggleswick, Gilberdyke, Gildersome, Gildingwells, Gilling East, Gilling West, Gilroyd, Girsby, Glasshouses, Glusburn, Goathland, Goldsborough (Harrogate), Goldsborough (Scarborough), Goldthorpe, Goodmanham, Goole, Gowdall, Gowthorpe, Goxhill, Gransmoor, Grassington, Greasbrough, Great Ayton, Great Cowden, Great Givendale, Great Hatfield, Great Houghton, Great Kelk, Green Hammerton, Greenhow Hill, Grenoside, Grewelthorpe, Gribthorpe, Grimethorpe, Grimston, Grindale, Grosmont, Guisborough, Guiseley, Gunby

H
 Hackenthorpe, Hainworth, Haisthorpe, Halifax, Halsham, Hambleton (Craven), Hambleton (Selby), Harden, Harecroft, Harley, Harlthorpe, Harehills, Harehills Corner, Harmby, Harpham, Harrogate, Harswell, Harthill, Hartshead, Hasholme, Hatfield, Hawes, Haworth, Haxby, Hayton, Hazlewood, Hebden, Hebden Bridge, Heckmondwike, Hedon, Hellaby, Hellifield, Helme, Helmsley, Helwith, Hemingbrough, Hempholme, Hemsworth, Hensall, Heptonstall, Hepworth, Herringthorpe, Heslington, Hessay, Hessle, Hetton, Heworth, Hickleton, Highgate, High Birkwith, High Catton, High Gardham, High Green (Kirklees), High Green (Sheffield), High Hoyland, High Hunsley, Higham, Hightown, Hilston, Hive, Hollym, Holme, Holme on the Wolds, Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, Holmfield, Holmfirth, Holmpton, Honeywell, Honley, Hood Green, Hook, Hooton Pagnell, Horbury, Hornby, Hornsea, Horsforth, Hotham, Houghton, Hovingham, Howden, Howdendyke, Hoyland, Hoylandswaine, Hoyland Common, Hubberholme, Huddersfield, Huggate, Hull, Hull Bridge, Humbleton, Hunmanby, Hunslet, Huntington, Hunton, Husthwaite, Hutton Buscel, Hutton Cranswick, Hutton Rudby

I
 Idle, Ilkley, Ilton, Ingbirchworth, Ingleby Arncliffe, Ingleby Barwick, Ingleby Cross, Ingleton, Ingrow,

J
 Jagger Green, Jaw Hill, Jump

K
 Kearton, Keighley, Kelleythorpe, Kendray, Kettleness, Kettlewell, Kexbrough, Kexby, Keyingham, Kildwick, Kilham, Kilnhurst, Kilnsea, Kilnsey, Kilnwick, Kilnwick Percy, Kilpin, Kilpin Pike, Kimberworth, Kimberworth Park, Kingstone, Kingston upon Hull, Kinsley, Kiplingcotes, Kippax, Kirby Grindalythe, Kirby Misperton, Kirby Underdale, Kirk Deighton, Kirk Ella, Kirkburn, Kirkbymoorside, Kirkheaton, Kirkleatham, Kirklington, Kiveton Park, Knapton, Knaresborough, Knedlington, Knottingley

L
Laisterdyke, Land of Nod, Lane, Langsett, Langtoft, Laughton Common, Laughton-en-le-Morthen, Laverton, Laxton, Laytham, Lealholm, Leconfield, Leeds, Lelley, Leppington, Lepton, Letwell, Leven, Levisham, Levitt Hagg, Leyburn, Lightcliffe, Linthorpe, Linthwaite, Lissett, Little Catwick, Little Driffield, Little Hatfield, Little Houghton, Little Kelk, Little London, Little Preston, Little Reedness, Littletown, Little Weighton, Liversedge, Lockington, Lockton, Lofthouse (North Yorkshire), Lofthouse (West Yorkshire), Loftus, Londesborough, Londonderry, Long Riston, Long Preston, Lothersdale, Low Catton, Lowthorpe, Low Worsall, Luddenden, Lund, Lundwood

M
 Malham, Maltby, Maltkiln, Malton, Manningham, Manvers, Mappleton, Mapplewell, Market Weighton, Marsden, Marske-by-the-Sea, Marton, Meaux, Melbourne, Melmerby, Melmerby in Coverdale, Meltham, Melton, Meltonby, Menston, Metham, Methley, Mexborough, Micklebring, Micklefield, Middlecliffe, Middleham, Middlesbrough, Middlesmoor, Middlethorpe (East Riding of Yorkshire), Middlethorpe (North Yorkshire), Middleton (Cowling), Middleton-on-Wharfe, Middleton (North Yorkshire), Middleton (West Yorkshire), Middleton on the Wolds, Millhouses, Millhouse Green, Millington, Mirfield, Mixenden, Molescroft, Monk Bretton, Moor Monkton, Morley, Morthen, Muker, Mytholmroyd

N
 Nafferton, Nesfield, Nether Poppleton, Nether Silton, Netherthong, Nettleton Hill, New Earswick, New Edlington, New Ellerby, New Farnley, New Lodge, New Mill, New Village, New York, Newbiggin (Askrigg), Newland (west), Newland (east), Newport, Newsholme, Newton upon Derwent, Noblethorpe, Normanby, Normanton, Norristhorpe, Northallerton, North Cave, North Cliffe, North Dalton, North Duffield, North Ferriby, North Frodingham, North Howden, North Newbald, North Rigton, Northowram, Norton-on-Derwent, Nosterfield, Notton, Nun Monkton, Nunburnholme, Nunkeeling, Nunthorpe

O
Oakenshaw (West Yorkshire), Oakworth, Octon, Old Edlington, Old Ellerby, Old Lindley, Oldtown, Ormesby, Osgodby-by-the-Sea, Osgodby, Osmotherley, Ossett, Otley, Ottringham, Oughtibridge, Ousefleet, Ousethorpe, Out Newton, Outwood, Ovenden, Overthorpe, Overton, Owsthorpe, Owstwick, Oxenhope, Oxspring

P
 Painsthorpe, Pannal, Parkgate, Pateley Bridge, Patrington, Patrington Haven, Paull, Penistone, Pickering, Pickhill, Pilley, Platts Common, Pocklington, Pollington, Pontefract, Portington, Potto, North Yorkshire, Pool-in-Wharfedale, Preston, Preston-under-Scar, Primrose Valley, Pudsey,

Q
 Queensbury

R
 Rainton, Ramsgill, Rawcliffe, Rawcliffe Bridge, Ravenfield, Ravenscar, Rawdon, Rawmarsh, Raywell, Redcar, Redmire, Reedness, Reighton, Richmond, Riddlesden, Rievaulx, Rimswell, Riplingham, Ripon, Risby, Rise, Roberttown, Robin Hood's Bay, Roecliffe, Rolston, Rookwith, Roos, Rossington, Rotherham, Rothwell, Rotsea, Routh, Rowley, Roxby, Roydhouse, Royston, Rudston, Runswick Bay, Ruston, Ruston Parva, Ruswarp, Ryecroft (South Yorkshire), Ryecroft (West Yorkshire), Ryehill,

S
 Salt End, Saltaire, Saltburn-by-the-Sea, Saltmarshe, Sancton, Sandholme, Sandsend, Satron, Sawdon, Scalby (East Riding of Yorkshire), Scaling, Scalby (North Yorkshire), Scarborough, Scarcroft, Scawsby, Scawton, Scholes (South Yorkshire), Scholes (Cleckheaton, West Yorkshire), Scholes (Holme Valley, West Yorkshire), Scholes (Leeds, West Yorkshire), Scorborough, Scorton, Scotton (Harrogate), Scotton (Richmondshire), Seamer (Hambleton), Seamer (Scarborough), Seaton, Seaton Ross, Sedbergh, Selby, Settle, Sewerby, Shafton, Sheffield, Shelf, Shibden, Shipley, Shiptonthorpe, Sigglesthorne, Silkstone, Silkstone Common, Silpho, Silsden, Sinnington, Skeeby, Skeffling, Skelton, Skelton-on-Ure Skerne, Skidby, Skipsea, Skipsea Brough, Skipton, Skipwith, Skirlaugh, Skirlington, Skirpenbeck, Slaithwaite, Sledmere, Sleights, Smithies, Snainton, Snaith, Sneaton, South Bank, South Cave, South Cliffe, South Dalton, South Hiendley, South Newbald, South Ossett, Southburn, Southowram, Sowerby (North Yorkshire), Sowerby (West Yorkshire), Sowerby Bridge, Spaldington, Spaunton, Speeton, Spennithorne, Spofforth, Sproatley, Sproxton, Spurn Head, Stainburn, Stainland, Staincross, Stainsacre, Staintondale, Stairfoot, Staithes, Stamford Bridge, Stanbury, Stanley, Starbeck, Staxton, Steeton, Stean, Stocksbridge, Stockton-on-the-Forest, Stokesley, Storwood, Strensall, Suffield, Summerbridge, Sunderlandwick, Sutton Bank, Sutton-in-Craven, Sutton-on-Hull, Sutton-on-the-Forest, Sutton-under-Whitestonecliffe, Sutton upon Derwent, Swallownest, Swanland, Swillington, Swine, Swinefleet, Swinton (Harrogate), Swinton (Rotherham), Swinton (Ryedale)

T
Tadcaster, Tankersley, Tansterne, Teesville, Templeborough, Terrington, Thackley, Thearne, Thirn, Thirsk, Thirtleby, Thornaby-on-Tees, Thornbury (West Yorkshire), Thorncliffe, Thorne, Thorner, Thorngumbald, Thornholme, Thornton (West Yorkshire), Thornton (East Riding of Yorkshire), Thornton Dale, Thornton-in-Craven, Thornton in Lonsdale, Thornton-le-Clay, Thornton-le-Moor, Thornton-le-Street, Thornton-on-the-Hill, Thornton Rust, Thornton Steward, Thornton Watlass, Thorpe, Thorpe Edge, Thorpe le Street, Thorpe Hesley, Thorpe Salvin, Thorpe Willoughby, Threshfield, Thrintoft, Thrybergh, Thunder Bridge, Thurcroft, Thurgoland, Thurlstone, Thurnscoe, Thwing, Tibthorpe, Tickhill, Tickton, Tingley, Todmorden, Todwick, Tollingham, Tong, Towthorpe (East Riding of Yorkshire), Towthorpe (York), Treeton, Tunstall (East Riding of Yorkshire), Tunstall (North Yorkshire), Tyersal.

U
 Uckerby, Ugthorpe, Ulleskelf, Ulley, Ulrome, Ulshaw Bridge, Uncleby, Upper Poppleton, Upperthong

V
 Vale of Pickering, Vale of York

W
Wakefield, Walden, Wales, Walkington, Walsden, Wansford, Waplington, Ward Green, Warter, Wassand, Wath (near Ripon), Wath (Ryedale), Wath-in-Nidderdale, Wath upon Dearne, Watton, Wauldby, Wawne, Waxholme, Weel, Weeton (East Riding of Yorkshire), Weeton (North Yorkshire), Welhambridge, Welton, Welwick, Wentworth, West Ardsley, West Ayton, West Barnby, West Burton, West Cowick, West Ella, West Hauxwell, West Knapton, West Melton, West Newton, Wetherby, Wetwang, Wheldrake, Whiston, Whitby, Whitgift, Whitley, Whitwell-on-the-Hill, Wickersley, Wigginton, Wigglesworth, Wigtwizzle, Wilberfoss, Wilfholme, Willerby, Willitoft, Wilsden, Wilsill, Wilsthorpe, Wilthorpe, Winestead, Winterburn, Wistow, Withernsea, Withernwick, Wold Newton, Woodale, Woodhall, Woodmansey, Woolley Colliery, Wombwell, Woodsetts, Wortley, Worsbrough, Worton, Wrelton, Wressle, Wykeham (Ryedale), Wykeham (Scarborough), Wyton

Y
 Yafforth, Yapham, Yarm, Yeadon, Yearsley, Yedingham, Yockenthwaite, Yokefleet, York, Youlthorpe, Youlton

See also
 List of civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire
 List of civil parishes in North Yorkshire
 List of civil parishes in South Yorkshire
 List of civil parishes in West Yorkshire
 List of places in England

Places

Yorkshire
Pla

List of places in Yorkshire


Robert Brainard Corey (August 19, 1897 – April 23, 1971) was an American biochemist, mostly known for his role in discovery of the α-helix and the β-sheet with Linus Pauling. Also working with Pauling was Herman Branson. Their discoveries were remarkably correct, with even the bond lengths being accurate until about 40 years later. The α-helix and β-sheet are two structures that are now known to form the backbones of many proteins.

Academic training
A childhood polio survivor, Corey received his undergraduate degree from the University of Pittsburgh, and his Ph.D. in chemistry from Cornell University (Marsh, p. 52-53).

The findings of α-helix and β-sheet

At Caltech, the trio (Pauling, Corey and Branson) published a series of 8 articles in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

The most revolutionary of the 8 articles in PNAS is the one written on February 28, 1951. That date was also Pauling's 50th birthday. It was called "The Structure of Proteins: Two Hydrogen-Bonded Helical Configurations of the Polypeptide Chain". In the paper, one odd thing is that the trio diagrammed the α-helix as a left-handed helix, although it is really a right-handed one. Another odd thing in the paper is that the 3(10) helix is almost never mentioned, although it is very common, while the γ-helix, which was another focus of the paper, is almost never found in nature.

See also
CPK coloring
Corey-Pauling rules

External links
The Protein Papers by Christen Brownlee, in PNAS at 100: Classics of the Scientific Literature, special issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Robert Brainard Corey by Richard E. Marsh, Biographical Memoirs V.72 (1997) of the National Academy of Sciences
Key Participants: Robert B. Corey – It's in the Blood! A Documentary History of Linus Pauling, Hemoglobin, and Sickle Cell Anemia; and Key Participants: Robert B. Corey – Linus Pauling and the Race for DNA: A Documentary History
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

1897 births
1971 deaths
20th-century American biochemists
American biophysicists
Cornell University alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Polio survivors

Robert Corey


Inference is a process of deriving new knowledge, given existing knowledge, and a number of rules. In logic, there are three different forms:
Deduction. Given some facts, and some rules, derive new knowledge. The best known case of this are syllogisms: All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal. This is usually called deduction.
Induction. In a car, the brake is used; the car slows down; therefore: using the brake will slow down the car. This is called induction.
Abduction. Using the brake in a car will slow down the car; the car slows down; probably, the brake was used. This is called abduction.

In other fields
Inference in language, the opposite of implication (grammar)
Inference (statistics) means to draw conclusions from data

Logic

Inference


E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (often DuPont) is an American chemical company. Eleuthère Irénée du Pont founded it in July 1802 as a gunpowder mill. DuPont was the world's third largest chemical company based on market capitalization and ninth based on revenue in 2009. Its stock price is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.

In the 20th century, DuPont developed many polymers such as Vespel, neoprene, nylon, Corian, Teflon, Mylar, Kevlar, Zemdrain, M5 fiber, Nomex, Tyvek, Sorona and Lycra. DuPont developed  Freon (chlorofluorocarbons) for the cooling industry and later, more environmentally friendly refrigerants. It developed synthetic pigments and paints including ChromaFlair.

Some of DuPont's trademarked brands have become genericized. For instance, "neoprene" was originally intended to be a trademark, but quickly came into common usage.

Companies based in Delaware
1802 establishments in the United States

DuPont


Bill Tarmey (born William Piddington; 4 April 1941 – 9 November 2012) was an English actor and singer, best known for playing Jack Duckworth in the soap opera Coronation Street. First appearing in the role in November 1979, he played it continually from 1981 to 2010.

Early life and education
Tarmey was born in Ardwick, Manchester, Lancashire. Shortly after his birth, he moved with his family to live in Bradford, Manchester, where he was also educated. Following the death of his father William in 1944 whilst driving an ambulance at the Battle of Arnhem during the Second World War, his mother Lilian remarried, to Robert Cleworth. Tarmey attended the Bradford Memorial School and the Queens Street School (which became the Philips Park Secondary Modern School). On leaving school, he was apprenticed to his stepfather, who was an asphalt spreader by trade. He also worked in the construction industry for a number of years.

Career
In 1968, Tarmey gave up his job in the building industry to work as a nightclub singer and entertainer. In order to supplement his income, he took on work as an extra on shows such as Coronation Street, amongst others. Despite suffering a serious heart attack in 1976 and a stroke in 1977, he was eventually offered the role of Jack Duckworth, a character who would go on to become an institution in British soap operas. He underwent quintuple bypass surgery in January 1987, and had a pacemaker fitted in June 2002 after suffering a second heart attack, which was used as a storyline in Coronation Street to explain his absence. He also developed sleep apnoea, disrupting his breathing while asleep.

Tarmey was an extra in the Granada Television adaptation of King Lear (1983) which starred Laurence Olivier in the title role.

He appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank.

Departure from Coronation Street
In April 2006, when he turned 65, Tarmey announced he was thinking of retiring, which prompted letters of protest from fans. In 2009, he wanted to leave his role in Coronation Street due to his multiple health problems, which included severe breathing problems. The show's producers, however, persuaded him to stay until the 50th anniversary, in December of the following year. News of his departure was announced on 9 April 2010. Commenting, he said, "I've had the most amazing 30 years playing Jack. Because of him I've made fantastic friends and travelled all over the world. I'll be sorry to say goodbye". Tarmey's departure was pushed forward to 8 November 2010 episode because of his declining health; in this episode Jack died asleep in his chair in a manner similar to the death of Vera (although Jack had a storyline illness).  Tarmey was the second longest serving male actor in the show.

In a March 2011 interview with Nigel Pivaro, Tarmey revealed he also had to leave the series because his son Carl had been diagnosed with a brain tumour in 2009.

Personal life
In 1955, he met his future wife Ali in the local youth club. The couple married in 1962, and had two children: Carl (1966–2019) and Sara (born 1970). Tarmey suffered from poor health for many years, having a severe heart attack at the age of 35 and also a stroke when he was 36. He had heart bypass surgery twice, once in 1987 and again (following another heart attack) in 2002. He and his wife Ali lived in Ashton-under-Lyne. He also suffered from sleep apnoea due to breathing problems. Despite his multiple health problems, Tarmey refused to stop smoking. In May 2011 Tarmey revealed that he needed to undergo further heart surgery.

Death
A Coronation Street spokesman confirmed that Tarmey died in Tenerife from a heart attack on the morning of 9 November 2012 at the age of 71.

Music career

Tarmey was an accomplished singer and released several albums. Four of his albums, A Gift of Love (1993), Time for Love (1994), After Hours (1996) and In My Life (2001) appeared on the UK Albums Chart, as well as three singles charting on the UK Singles Chart. His biggest hit single was a cover of the Barry Manilow song "One Voice" which Tarmey recorded with the St Winifred's School Choir and producers Stock & Waterman (from 1980s hitmaking production team Stock Aitken Waterman). This one-off release would reach number 16 in the UK singles chart for BMG's Arista label, with Tarmey signing a deal with EMI to record more music, after its success.

In 1995, to commemorate the programme's 35th anniversary, a CD titled The Coronation Street Album was released, featuring cover versions of modern songs and standards by contemporary cast members. Tarmey appeared as one of the backing vocalists for Bill Waddington, on "The Coronation Street Single" version of Monty Python's "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life". This single was a number 35 hit in December.

Tarmey's autobiography, Jack Duckworth and Me: My Life on the Street and Other Adventures, was published in 2010.

Discography

Albums
A Gift of Love (1993), EMI - UK #15
Time for Love (1994), EMI - UK #28
After Hours (1996), EMI Premier - UK #61
Down Home (1997), Connoisseur Collection
In My Life (2001), EMI - UK #80

Singles
"Our Song of Love" (duet with Ruth Madoc) (1988), Sain
"I'll Be with You Soon" (duet with Liz Dawn) (1989), Westmoor Music
"One Voice" (1993), Arista - UK #16
"The Wind Beneath My Wings" (1994), EMI - UK #40
"I.O.U." (1994), EMI - UK #55

References

External links

What's on TV profile

1941 births
2012 deaths
British Soap Award for Outstanding Achievement winners
Male actors from Manchester
Singers from Manchester
English male soap opera actors
English expatriates in Spain
People from Ardwick
People from Ashton-under-Lyne
Nightclub performers
Male actors from Lancashire
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
20th-century English male singers
20th-century English male writers

Bill Tarmey