Noah Webster, Jr. (October 16, 1758 – May 28, 1843), was the author of a famous American dictionary, a pioneer of spelling, and a political writer and editor. His "Blue-backed Speller" books taught five generations of American children how to spell and read. His dictionary was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.

Copyright
Webster worried that his Grammatical Institute might be pirated. He had to seek copyright protection from each state.  At last, on May 31, 1790, President George Washington signed the United States' first general copyright act into law. Later, Webster lobbied for an extended copyright law. He wrote "By this bill the term of copy-right is secured for 28 years, with the right of renewal … for 14 years more.  If this should become law, I shall be much benefited."  The new federal copyright law was passed and remained in effect until 1909.

Webster's books

The Blue-backed Speller
1783 as the first part of the Grammatical Institute of the English language.
1786 as The American Spelling Book, containing the rudiments of the English language, for the use of schools in the United States.
1829 as The Elementary Spelling Book.
385 'editions' (mostly reprints) in his lifetime; by 1837 15 million copies sold; by 1890 60 million copies sold.

The Dictionary
1806 A first attempt was published as A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language.
1828 The first edition of his famous An American Dictionary of the English Language; second edition in 1840 in two volumes. The first edition sold only 2,500 copies.

Other publications
1785. Sketches of American policy.
1790. A collection of essays and fugitive writings on moral, historical, politics and literary subjects.
1789. Dissertations.
1793. The effects of slavery on morals and industry. In two volumes.
1799. A brief history of epidemic and pestilential diseases.
1800. A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. In three parts, part II is the grammar.
1802. Letters to a young gentleman concerning his education.
1802. Miscellaneous papers on political and commercial subjects.
1832. History of the United States.
1833. A dictionary for primary schools.
1839. Observations on language, and on the errors of class-books.

Further reading
Baron, Dennis E. 1982. Grammar and good taste: reforming the American Language. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dillard J.L. 1992. A history of American English. New York: Longman 1992.
Fodde Melis, Luisanna 2005. Noah Webster and the first American dictionary. Rosen, New York.
Simpson, David. 1986. The politics of American English, 17761850. Oxford University Press.
 Unger, Harlow Giles 1998. Noah Webster: the life and times of an American patriot.
Webster, Noah. 1989 The autobiographies of Noah Webster. Edited by Richard M. Rollins. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.

 Webster on the web
 Webster, Noah. The American spelling book: containing the rudiments of the English language for the use of schools in the United States by Noah Webster 1836 edition online, the famous 'Blue-backed Speller'
 Webster, Noah. An American dictionary of the English language 1848 edition online
 Webster, Noah. A grammatical institute of the English language 1800 edition online
 Webster, Noah. Miscellaneous papers on political and commercial subjects 1802 edition online mostly about banks
 Webster, Noah.  A collection of essays and fugitiv writings: on moral, historical, political and literary subjects'' 1790 edition online 414 pages

References

Writers from Connecticut
1758 births
1843 deaths
People from West Hartford, Connecticut

Noah Webster


Extrapyramidal syndrome is when involuntary muscle movements occur in the face and neck. This may include lip smacking, tongue movements, blinking, and head or finger spasms. The patient may have difficulty moving his arms and legs, and slur their words.

It occurs when dopamine is not correctly regulated by the body. It is usually a reaction to medicines, but is also caused by Parkinson's disease or a head injury.

Other websites
Ballism

Muscle diseases
Symptoms

Extrapyramidal symptom


Sonic & Knuckles is the fourth video game in the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was made by Sonic Team and published by Sega for the Sega Mega Drive in 1994. In the game, you are able to play as Sonic the Hedgehog and Knuckles the Echidna. You can insert a Sonic the Hedgehog 2 or Sonic the Hedgehog 3 cartridge into it and you will get new modes for those games. This is called Lock-on Technology.

How to play the game

This game is similar to Sonic the Hedgehog 3. The point of the game is to collect Rings, defeat robots and get to the end of a Zone.

In Sonic and Knuckles, there are eight Zones. But only Super Sonic can reach the last Zone of the game. Only Sonic or Tails can play the second to last Zone, the Death Egg. Most zones have two levels, which are named "acts" in the game. At the end of every act 1, you've got to fight one of Dr. Eggman's robots, and at the end of every act 2, you've got to fight Dr. Eggman himself. There are small robots called "Badniks" in the acts. Most of them can be destroyed if you jump on them. If the badnik is destroyed, a little animal jumps out of it.

Rings are floating in the air and they are gold. If you collect 100 or 200 Rings, you get a life. If you have no Rings and something hits you (for example, a badnik, spike, or Dr. Eggman), you lose a life.

There are also Starposts in the acts. If you hit a Starpost, it will spin for a bit, and if you lose a life, you restart at the last Starpost you touched. Starposts can be used to go to the Bonus Stage, if you touch them if you have 20 or more Rings. Then, a ring made of stars will spin above the Starpost, and if you jump into it, you go to the Bonus Stage.

Notes

Sonic the Hedgehog games
1994 video games
Platform games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in Japan
Video game sequels

Sonic & Knuckles


Manavgat Waterfall on the Manavgat River is near the city of Side,  north of Manavgat, Turkey. Its high flow over a wide area as it falls from a low height is best viewed from a high altitude.

The white, foaming water of the Manavgat Waterfalls flows powerfully over the rocks. Near the waterfalls are shady tea gardens providing a pleasant resting place.

The Oymapinar Dam is located  to the north of the river.

During floods, the Manavgat Falls may disappear under high water.

The waterfall was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 5 lira banknotes of 1968–1983.

External links
Manavgat and Side

References

Waterfalls of Turkey
Tourist attractions in Antalya Province
Landforms of Antalya Province

Manavgat Waterfall


Port Eliot in the parish of St Germans, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, is the ancestral seat of the Eliot family, whose present head is Albert Eliot, 11th Earl of St Germans.

Port Eliot comprises a stately home with its own church, which serves as the parish church of St Germans. An earlier church building was Cornwall's principal cathedral. The house is within an estate of  which extends into the neighbouring villages of Tideford, Trerulefoot and Polbathic. Both house and garden are Grade I listed.

History

Originally built as a priory with adjoining St Germans Priory Church, parts of the house date back to the 12th century. It was substantially altered and remodelled in the 17th and 18th centuries by noted architects, including Sir John Soane.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the Eliot family invested substantially in the estate, building numerous farmhouses, fishermen's cottages and other dwellings across the land. Many of these remain part of the estate to this day, and they are rented out to local residents and friends of the family. Some properties, mainly lying remote from the estate, have been sold in recent years. In 2014, the 700-hectare estate was purchased by the Duchy of Cornwall.

Festivals

Elephant Fayre

In 1980 a small festival which had outgrown its site at Polgooth in mid-Cornwall approached the Port Eliot estate and asked if it could be held in the idyllic grounds. The estate office agreed a price, and there began the Elephant Fayre, one of the most eclectic festivals of the 1980s. The festival ran from 1981 to 1986, beginning with some 1,500 visitors over four days, and featured a mix of music, theatre and visual arts. Over the years the festival grew, attracting crowds of up to 30,000 and bands such as The Cure, The Fall and Siouxsie and the Banshees. The burning down of the oldest tree in the park, looting of the village surgery and the robbing of stall-holders in 1985 prompted Lord Eliot and fellow organisers to make the 1986 festival the last.

Port Eliot Festival
In 2003 Lord St Germans began the Port Eliot Lit Fest. Which carried on as Port Eliot Festival until 2019.

Public access

In March 2008 the house and grounds opened to the public for the first time, for 100 days, and attracted 12,000 visitors. There is a shop and cafe with gardens open all year round. Guided tours of the house are available.

References

External links
Port Eliot Official Website
Port Eliot Festival
Port Eliot LitFest Archive
BBC News on the Elephant Fayre

Grade I listed buildings in Cornwall
Gardens in Cornwall
Country houses in Cornwall
Tourist attractions in Cornwall
Historic house museums in Cornwall

Grade I listed parks and gardens in Cornwall
Grade I listed houses

Port Eliot


Joseph Schuster (1903–1969) was a cellist born in Constantinople of Russian-Jewish descent.

Biography
On a trip through Russia, the famous Russian composer Alexander Glazunov (1865-1936) heard young Schuster and was impressed with his talent. With Glazunov's help, Schuster entered the St. Petersburg Conservatory of Music at the age of 10 to study the cello. At the time of the Russian Revolution, his family fled to Berlin where he continued his studies under Hugo Becker at the Berlin Hochschule. In 1929, Schuster was awarded the post of solo cellist in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under Furtwängler, the youngest person ever to hold that position. He remained with the Berlin Philharmonic until 1934 when he moved to New York.

His New York debut was a critical sensation, and he was immediately invited to become solo cellist with the New York Philharmonic. One of the many highlights of his New York Philharmonic career was on November 14, 1943, when he was scheduled to play Strauss's Don Quixote under Bruno Walter. Walter was ill that day and as a replacement, a very young Leonard Bernstein conducted in his debut with the New York Philharmonic. Overwhelmingly enthusiastic response by the audience and press ensured Bernstein's career was launched.

After the 1943–1944 season, Schuster left the New York Philharmonic in order to devote himself entirely to solo concert work. He and his family—wife, Katherine Schuster, and son, John Schuster—moved to Beverly Hills, California in 1947.  For the remainder of his career, Schuster traveled both nationally and internationally giving recitals and playing with the great conductors and orchestras of the world. He performed on a 1720 Goffriller cello, an instrument formerly owned by Emanuel Feuermann; later, it would be played by Jascha Silberstein.

Schuster made numerous recordings of concertos, sonatas and other chamber works with accomplished partners, such as his American Vox set of Beethoven's complete music for cello and piano with Friedrich Wührer; his first recording for that label, with the same pianist, featured the Richard Strauss and first Brahms cello sonatas. Schuster also recorded concerti with well-known orchestras.  He also appeared on radio and television programs throughout his career. He made nine enormously successful tours throughout Europe, Central and South America and Asia. Schuster was featured soloist under such conductors as Toscanini, Walter, Mitropoulos, Rodziński, Solti, Kubelík, Furtwängler, Bernstein, Jochum, Karajan, and Mehta.

References

Further reading
"With the Artists".  World Famed String Players Discuss Their Art, Samuel and Sada Applebaum, John Markert & Co., New York (1955).  Pages 212-222 are devoted to Joseph Schuster.
  "Joseph Schuster, Rose's Rival." , chapter 7, pp. 95–106, in Steven Honigberg, Leonard Rose.  America's Golden Age and Its First Cellist, Silver Spring, The Beckham Publications Group, 2010.

1903 births
1969 deaths
American classical cellists
Cellists from the Russian Empire
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American musicians
White Russian emigrants
Immigrants to the United States
Expatriates from the Russian Empire in the Ottoman Empire
20th-century cellists

Joseph Schuster (cellist)


Roller skating is a physical activity on roller skates. Roller skating is also a sport when the skaters form a team and compete in events such as roller hockey or roller derby. Roller skating is also performed with certain styles of music and dance steps such as Jam Skating.

The wheels on roller skates are laid out similar to a skateboard, containing a set of trucks and cushions to allow for turning.

Skating

Roller skating


Judy Harrow (March 3, 1945 – March 20, 2014) was an author, counselor, lecturer, and Wiccan priestess.

Biography
Judy Harrow, also known as Judith Harrow, was born in the Bronx  and lived the majority of her life in New York City.  She later lived in northern New Jersey.  Harrow died on 20 March 2014.

Education
Harrow graduated from Bronx High School of Science in 1962.  She then received a B.A. in American government from Western College for Women in 1966.  In 1977 she participated in the La Jolla program in group facilitation.  In 1979 Judy Harrow graduated from City College of New York Graduate School of Education with a M.S. in counseling with honors.

Mainstream counseling work
Judy Harrow was a member of the Association for Humanistic Psychology and of the American Counseling Association. Within ACA, she belonged to the following special interest subgroups:
the Association for Spiritual, Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC)
the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW)
the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (IAMFC).

Harrow served as the President of New Jersey ASERVIC, and on the Book Review Board of the Family Journal, a publication of IAMFC.

Harrow served as a member of the National Advisory Board of the Consultation on Multifaith Education. She was also a member of the steering committee of the Interfaith Council of Greater New York. She managed the Council's email list and acted as their liaison with the United Religions Initiative. She served as the Council's Program Coordinator in 1996 and 1997.

Neopaganism
Harrow began studying Witchcraft in 1976, and was initiated as a Priestess in September 1977.  She founded the Inwood Study Group in June 1980.  After Harrow received her third degree Gardnerian initiation in November 1980, this group became Proteus Coven, which thereafter affiliated with Covenant of the Goddess in August 1981.  She served as convening First Officer of Northeast Local Council of CoG in 1983, National First Officer of CoG in 1984, and Co-chair of CoG Grand Council in 1985. She has held various other positions on the CoG National and Local Boards of Directors, most recently National Public Information Officer from 1993-1995.  In January 1985, Harrow became the first member of CoG to be legally registered as clergy in New York City, after a five-year effort requiring the assistance of the New York Civil Liberties Union.

Harrow was the Chair-emerita of the Pastoral Counseling Department at Cherry Hill Seminary. She founded the Pagan Pastoral Counseling Network in 1982, and served as the first editor of the Network's publication. She co-created a workshop series on Basic Counseling Skills for Coven Leaders, which has successfully run many times.  This grew into a series of intensive workshops for Pagan elders on a range of topics. Harrow also founded the New York Area Coven Leaders' Peer Support Group. She served as Program Coordinator for the first Mid-Atlantic Pan Pagan Conference and Festival and for seven other Pagan gatherings.

For two years, Harrow produced Reconnections, a weekly feature on the activities of religious progressives of all faiths, for WBAI radio in New York.

Harrow contributed two essays to Modern Rites of Passage (Book 2 in the "Witchcraft Today" anthology series), and one to the anthology Magical Religion and Modern Witchcraft, published in 1996 by SUNY Press.  One of these essays has since been reprinted in The Paganism Reader  (Routledge, 2004).  She has also written for AHP Perspective (the Newsletter of the Association for Humanistic Psychology), Counseling and Values (the Journal of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling), Gnosis, and such small Pagan publications as Dayshift, Harvest, and the CoG Newsletter.  Harrow was a regular contributor to PanGaia, writing a column entitled "Mind and Magic."

Her first book, Wicca Covens, was published in 1999.  Her second book, Spiritual Mentoring, was published in 2002. Harrow also edited (and contributed to) Devoted to You: Honoring Deity in Wiccan Practice, which was published in 2003, and coordinated the 50th Anniversary reissue of Witchcraft Today by Gerald Gardner, published in 2004.

Works
  1999 - Wicca Covens. Published 1999 Citadel Press
  2002 - Spiritual Mentoring: A Pagan Guide Published 2002 ECW Press
  2003 - Devoted to You: Honoring Deity in Wiccan Practice Citadel Press

Notes

1945 births
American occultists
American Wiccans
People from the Bronx
20th-century American Jews
Wiccan priestesses
Miami University alumni
City College of New York alumni
2014 deaths
Wiccans of Jewish descent
21st-century American Jews

Judy Harrow


The Open Air Ethnographic Museum «Etar» (, usually referred to as Етъра, Etara) is an open-air museum and a neighbourhood of Gabrovo (8 km south of its center) in northern Bulgaria. It is on the northern edge of the Bulgarka Nature Park, between the park and the city of Gabrovo.

It presents the Bulgarian customs, culture and craftsmanship. It spans over an area of 7 ha and contains a total of 50 objects, including water installations and houses with craftsmen's workshops attached. As a whole, the complex's goal is to illustrate the architecture, way of life and economy of Gabrovo and the region during the Bulgarian National Revival.

The museum's construction started in 1963 under the direction and project of Lazar Donkov. The pre-existing Karadzheyka water-mill, built around 1780, was thoroughly reconstructed, with the other objects being constructed later. The complex was opened on 7 September 1964 and proclaimed a national park in 1967, as well as a monument of culture in 1971.

The park features typical Bulgarian revival houses with two floors, bay windows, a clock tower, and a beautifully decorated house by Saakov featuring 21 windows. Using original instruments and following the old traditions, locals represent around 20 characteristics of the regional crafts such as wood-carving, pottery, coppersmith crafts, furriery, cutlery making, needlework etc. There are shops for souvenirs. There are numerous restaurants in the park where tourist could consume local Bulgarian cuisine. There are visitors to the park, from all over the world, all the year round, especially during the annual Christian festivals celebrated in the park, namely, Palm Sunday and Easter.

Sokolski Monastery is situated several kilometers away from Etar.

Gallery

See also
 Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
 History of Bulgaria
 Bulgarka Nature Park
 Heroes of Shipka
 History of Bulgaria
 Gabrovo City
 Shipka Memorial
 Shipka Pass

External links
 Official website
 Pictures from Etara
 Photos from Ethnographic museum Etar

Museums in Gabrovo Province
Balkan mountains
Open-air museums in Bulgaria
Gabrovo
History museums in Bulgaria
Ethnography of Bulgaria
Articles containing video clips
Living museums

Etar Architectural-Ethnographic Complex


A villain is a bad person in fiction. The word comes from a Latin word meaning a feudal farm worker or peasant. Villains, or antagonists, are usually found in fiction, such as movies, television shows, cartoons, comics, anime, novels and video games. The audience do not usually like the villain and they support the hero or heroine. However, in some cases the villain is more praised by the public than the hero, as the example of Joker in the Batman franchise. In some movies and books (such as the movie Ocean's Eleven), the villain is a good person and the hero/heroine is bad (such as a robber). When used in comic books, they are depicted as supervillains. Supervillains usually hold some kind of unnatural force.

Literature
Movie terminology

Villain


Nicolas Born (31 December 1937 in Duisburg – 7 December 1979 in Lüchow-Dannenberg) was a German writer.

Nicolas Born was – together with Rolf Dieter Brinkmann – one of the most important and most innovative German poets of his generation. His two novels, Die erdabgewandte Seite der Geschichte, and Die Fälschung, have been translated into more than a dozen languages, and count among the most important works of German literature of the 1970s.

Life and works
Nicolas Born grew up in a lower-middle-class family in the Ruhrgebiet. He worked making printing accessories in a chemical process for a large printing company in Essen, until he was able – with the help of a first literary prize, the Förderpreis Nordrhein-Westfalen, for his first novel, "Der Zweite Tag" – to go to Berlin, and live from writing. He was an autodidact, and with his poems and novel scripts, soon gathered enough attention from known writers and critics like Ernst Meister, Johannes Bobrowski, Günter Grass, and Hans Bender, to get a scholarship for the renowned Berliner Literarisches Colloquium in Berlin in 1963/1964, where he met other young writers like Hans Christoph Buch, Hermann Peter Piwitt, Hubert Fichte, Peter Bichsel, and others, and was taught by Günter Grass, Uwe Johnson, Peter Rühmkorf, Peter Weiss, and others.
In preparation for his stay at the Iowa International Writers Workshop in Iowa City in 1969/1970, Born read more and more contemporary American poets. In Iowa, he met Charles Bukowski, Anselm Hollo, Ted Berrigan, and many others, was friends with John Batki, Allen Ginsberg, Eric Torgersen, Tom Raworth and others.
In the renowned "red frame"-series, "Das neue Buch", Born published, in 1972, his third collection of poems, "Das Auge des Entdeckers" (The eye of the explorer), largely influenced by contemporary American poetry, utopian literature, and a more relaxed perspective on political effectiveness of literature that was commonly known among the politically left-oriented colleagues of his generation. The book was a great success, selling very well for a poetry-collection, and made Born together with Rolf Dieter Brinkmann one of the most important and innovative poets of his generation in Germany.

Back in Germany, Born started translating the poems of Kenneth Koch for Rowohlt Verlag, which was published, only in 1973, in the same Rowohlt-series "Das neue Buch".
His novels, Die erdabgewandte Seite der Geschichte (1976, Rowohlt Verlag, translated in more than a dozen languages), and even more Die Fälschung (1979, "The Deception"), which was published shortly before his early death, in 1979, from cancer, were even bigger successes, and made him one of the most important and well known left wing intellectuals of his time. His political engagements against nuclear power, and what he called the "mad-system of reality", and the "world of the machine", were not only published in magazines, but also largely discussed in television shows of the time. Die Fälschung, was posthumously filmed as Circle of Deceit (1981); directed by Volker Schloendorff, it starred Bruno Ganz, Hanna Schygulla, and Jerzy Skolimowski.

Together with Peter Handke, and Michael Krüger, he was a jury member of the European literary Petrarca-Preis, from when the award was founded in 1975, and onto his death.

Nicolas Born revival in 2004
Twenty five years after his death, his youngest daughter, Katharina Born reedited an almost complete and critical collection of his poems, including several unpublished works: Nicolas Born - Gedichte (Wallstein 2004). For the book, Born received (for the first time posthumously), the renowned Peter-Huchel-Preis (2005).
After the big success of the poetry collection and many positive reviews and reactions, a collection of Born's correspondence is planned for Spring 2007.

Selected works in German
Das Auge des Entdeckers; Gedichte (1972)
Entsorgt: für Bariton solo, 1989; music by Aribert Reimann (1989)
Die erdabgewandte Seite der Geschichte: Roman (1976)
The Four Bremen City Musicians; compiled by Hans-Joachim Gelberg, illustrated by Willi Glasauer (1976)
Die Fälschung: Roman (1979)
Gedichte: 1967–1978 (1978)
Marktlage. Gedichte (1967)
Metsi'ut medumah; translated by Avraham Ḳadimah (1982)
Täterskizzen: Erzählungen (1983)
Die Welt der Maschine: Aufsätze und Reden; edited by Rolf Haufs (1980)  (pbk.)
Wo mir der Kopf steht. Gedichte (1970)
Der zweite Tag. Roman (1965)
Gedichte. (2004)

Works in English
The Deception; translated by Leila Vennewitz (1983)

Eric Torgersen translated a collection of his poems from his first two collections, Marktlage (1967, Kiepenheuer & Witsch), and Wo mir der Kopf steht (1970, Kiepenheuer & Witsch), which so far has only been partly published. In Dimension, his long "Feriengedicht" has been first published in German, and English. Other translations are planned for 2007.

Translated poems in English
by Eric Torgersen (more planned)

"Subscription", "Inheritance", Iowa Review 7, 2–3, Spring-Summer 1976 (reissued in book form as Writing from Around the World, University of Iowa Press, 1976).

"Finally, There's Nothing More to Lose", "In the Morning on Monday", First Issue 9, Fall-Winter 1974–75.

"Bride and Groom", Kamadhenu II, 1–2, 1971.

"Case", "Bottles", "Self-Portrait", "Ethos", Doones I, 4, 1971.

"Signs", Greenfield Review 1, Spring 1970.

"Infidelity", "Refrain", "For the Poor Devil Manfred Bock", "My God I Thought", "How Many Sons", "Washing Windows", "Confidence", "A Love", Modern Poetry in Translation, London, 6, 1970.

See also

 Official webpages of Nicolas Born

References

1937 births
1979 deaths
People from Duisburg
Writers from the Rhine Province
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German poets
German male poets
German male novelists
German-language poets
International Writing Program alumni
20th-century German male writers
Members of the German Academy for Language and Literature

Nicolas Born


Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC) is the state-run life insurance corporation in Bangladesh under the provisions of the Insurance Act 1938, Insurance Rules 1958, and related other laws enforceable in Bangladesh in Bangladesh Corporation Act 1973.  The JBC started on 14 May 1973 with assets and liabilities worth TK.  157 million of defunct 37 life Insurance companies.

History

Pakistan period (1947–1971)
After partition of India three insurance companies were under Muslim ownership: The Eastern Federal Union Insurance Company Limited, Muslim Insurance Company Limited and Habib Insurance Company Limited. These three companies moved to Pakistan and registered to transact business there. The total number of insurers (life plus life and general) registered in Pakistan in 1951, 1961 and 1971 were 13, 17 and 75 respectively.  In 1971, out of 75, ten of the 40 Pakistani companies were exclusively engaged in life insurance business, 21 in life and other business, and 9 in other business only.  There were only four foreign insurance companies marketed their products in Pakistan in 1971: Norwich Union Life Assurance Society, Pearl Assurance Company Limited, Prudential Assurance Company Limited and American Life Insurance Company Limited.

Bangladesh period (1971–1973)
The number of insurance companies that had business in East Pakistan was 75, of which 10 were locally incorporated ones. Following the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, both life and general insurance business in the country was nationalised under the Bangladesh Insurance (Nationalisation) Order 1972 except foreign insurance companies. Five corporations were established to absorb, own and control the businesses of the 75 existing insurance companies and these new corporations were Bangladesh Jatiya Bima Corporation, Karnafuli Bima Corporation, Tista Bima Corporation, Surma Jiban Bima Corporation and Rupsa Jiban Bima Corporation.  These four corporations were in business from 1 January 1973 to 14 May 1973.

Management and creation of the JBC
Bangladesh government selected Hafizur Rahman and Mujibur Rahman as the chairman and the managing director of the Jatiya Bima Corporation respectively. A.K.M.  Fazlul Haque (Mowla), Khuda Buksh and Ali Ahmed were selected as the directors of the Jatiya Bima Corporation. Four separate chairpersons were appointed by the Jatiya Bima Corporation to administer the four corporations.  Mustafizur Rahman Khan, Golam Mowla, M.A. Rahim and M.A. Samad became the chairmen of Karnafuli, Teesta, Rupsa and Surma Corporation respectively.  In addition, four directors were appointed under each corporation to handle administration, development, underwriting and claims and finance and accounts.  In March 1973, A.H.M.  Qamruzzaman became the minister of commerce and reorganised the insurance companies within two months. On 14 May 1973, the Bangladesh government dissolved the Jatiya Bima Corporation and integrated the general and life insurance companies into two corporations, and accordingly all the undertakings of Karnafuli and Teesta were vested in the Sadharan (General) Bima Corporation with Golam Mowla as the first managing director. Surma and Rupsa Jiban Bima Corporations were vested in the Bangladesh Jiban Bima Corporation(Bangladesh Life Insurance Corporation) (BJBC) with Khuda Buksh as the first managing director.

Emergence of private companies
Until 1985, the JBC was the only institution to handle life insurance business in Bangladesh. Through the Insurance (Amendment) Ordinance 1984 and Insurance Corporations (Amendment) Ordinance 1984, the government allowed the private sector to establish insurance companies. Up to December 2000, at least 17 private sector insurance companies came into being and made the life insurance business competitive. In 2015 the number of private life insurance companies in Bangladesh has reached at 30.

Insurance schemes
schemes
The JBC offers 15 different types of life insurance schemes. These are whole life assurance, endowment assurance, child protection policy, children endowment, anticipated endowment assurance, pension scheme policy, single payment policy, mortgage protection policy, group term insurance policy, group endowment policy, group variable endowment policy, group pension policy, grameen bima policy, joint life endowment policy, and progressive premium policy.

Business performance

1973–1974
In 1973 and 1974, the JBC sold 41,812 and 36,000 life insurance policies with a total assured sum of Tk 397.7 and Tk. 400 million respectively. In 1973 and 1974 the JBC earned gross premiums of Tk.  58 million and Tk. 67.6 million which comprised first year premiums (including group) Tk. 22.7 million and Tk. 29.6 million, renewal premiums Tk. 35.3 million and Tk. 37 million respectively. The JBC inherited an outstanding claim of Tk.50 million at the time of its inception. It has settled all the claims by 31 October 1974.

1998–2011
In 1998, the JBC earned gross premiums of Tk. 1,402.8 million, which comprised first-year premiums (Tk. 401.2 million), renewal premiums (Tk. 913.0 million), and group insurance premiums (Tk. 88.6 million). It paid Tk. 493.7 million to settle life insurance claims under various schemes.  Premium income of the corporation was Tk. 2,447 million in 2007 marking an increase 63% over premium income in 2001. Subsequently, the life fund of the JBC has increased to Tk. 13.15 billion, up to the year 2011, which was only Tk. 218.3 million in 1973. The JBC has paid Tk. 15.81 billion against various claims, the highest such payments in the country's life Insurance business. The JBC's investment has reached Tk. 11.99 billion from only Tk. 197 million in 1973. The JBC has the largest network all over the country with 7 regional, 9 zonal, 68 sales and 343 branch offices.

2011–2022
The life fund of Jiban Bima Corporation has increased to TK. 14988.3 million (14.99 billion) in the year 2013. In the year 2012 the figure was near about 14 billion despite political unrest throughout the year.

See also
 Insurance Development & Regulatory Authority of Bangladesh

Notes

References

Further reading

Financial services companies established in 1973
Government-owned companies of Bangladesh
Insurance companies of Bangladesh
Organisations based in Motijheel
Government-owned insurance companies
Bangladeshi companies established in 1973

Jiban Bima Corporation


Frankfort is the capital city of the U.S. state of Kentucky. It has been the state capital since December 8, 1792. It is the county seat of Franklin County, and has been since 1795. It's located between Lexington and Louisville Kentucky.

Frankfort is beside the Kentucky River. This is how the city earned its name, because the land was owned by pioneer Stephen Frank. First called "Frank's Ford", the name was soon shortened to Frankfort.

Within a century the population of Frankfort grew from 9,487 in 1900, to 27,741 in 2000. The members of the city commission and the mayor are elected by the citizens.

The mayor of Frankfort in 2008 is Gippy Graham.

References

Other websites
 City of Frankfort Website

State capitals in the United States
Cities in Kentucky
County seats in Kentucky

Frankfort, Kentucky


John Franklin Wharton (1894–1977) was a prominent American lawyer and founding partner of Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. Wharton's work was steeped in the classic era of Broadway theatre; he was an aficionado of the stage from his youth, and his practice as a lawyer developed around a series of representations that helped shape the theater business in the United States.

Biography
Born in Newark, New Jersey, Wharton attended Williams College, New York Law School and Columbia Law School, which awarded him a Bachelor of Law in 1920. With fellow Columbia Law student Louis Weiss, Wharton formed the predecessor firm that would eventually become Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. He served as partner in the firm until his retirement in 1977.

Wharton's second marriage was to Betty Ann Fisher, an actress who performed under the stage name Mary Mason.

Career

Theatrical Work
Wharton's work in theatrical representations began early in his career with Dwight Deere Wiman, a prominent Broadway producer. Wiman introduced Wharton to Cole Porter, who became one of Wharton's enduring clients; Wharton was named by Porter as one co-executor of his estate and the sole trustee of the Cole Porter Musical and Literary Property Trusts.

Wharton represented many other theatre and film artists, including Selznick International Pictures during the filming of Gone With the Wind. He also became involved in producing theatre as well: along with writers Maxwell Anderson, Elmer Rice, Sidney Howard, Robert E. Sherwood and S.N. Behrman, Wharton founded the Playwrights' Company in 1938.

Wharton is also credited with creating contract norms that became standard agreements in the entertainment industry, including a uniform partner agreement that defined the financial interests of producers.

Corporate Representations
Wharton's work also included non-theatrical clients, such as the interests of the Marshall Fields estates, American Houses, an early housing prefabricator, and Benson and Hedges Ltd.

Published works
Wharton was an accomplished author, with several titles to his credit, including books on economics ("The Theory and Practice of Making a Living" and "The Road to Recovery") as well as a memoir of his time with the Playwright's Company ("Life Among the Playwrights"), and a novel ("The Explorations of George Burton") that dealt with psychology, an interest of his throughout his career.

Sources

Further reading
 "What Can the Mattergy?" (review of John F. Wharton, The Explorations of George Burton), Time magazine, March 19, 1951.

External links
 Paul, Weiss homepage
 Betty and John Wharton papers, 1917-1978, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts

20th-century American lawyers
1894 births
1977 deaths
Columbia Law School alumni
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison people
Williams College alumni
New York Law School alumni
Special Tony Award recipients

John F. Wharton (lawyer)


"Sentimental Journey" is a popular song published in 1944. The music was written by Les Brown and Ben Homer, and the lyrics were written by Bud Green.

History
Les Brown and His Band of Renown had been performing the song, but were unable to record it because of the 1942–44 musicians' strike.  When the strike ended, the band, with Doris Day as vocalist, recorded the song for Columbia Records on November 20, 1944, and they had a hit record with the song, Doris Day's first number one hit, in 1945. The song's release coincided with the end of the Second World War in Europe and became the unofficial homecoming theme for many veterans.  The recording was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 36769, with the flip side "Twilight Time". The record first reached the Billboard chart on March 29, 1945, and lasted 23 weeks on the chart, peaking at number one. The song reached the chart after the later-recorded "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time".

About the same time, the Merry Macs had a recording following Brown and Day, which featured a bouncy arrangement where the group modulates (or augments) the verse eight times in the last half of the song – a vocal feat for any group attempting to record a song in one take, without the benefit of tape editing in that era of modern recording.

The song later became a standard with jazz artists and was recorded by, among others, Buck Clayton with Woody Herman and by Ben Sidran. Frank Sinatra recorded his version of the song in 1961. Rosemary Clooney issued an album Sentimental Journey (2001) which included the song.  Harry James recorded a version in 1965 on his album New Versions of Down Beat Favorites (MGM E-4265).

Lyrics
The song describes someone about to take a train to a place to which they have a great emotional attachment, and their mounting anticipation while wondering why they ever roamed away. The opening verse is:

Gonna take a sentimental journey
Gonna set my heart at ease
Gonna make a sentimental journey
To renew old memories.

Cover versions
 Dinah Shore recorded it in 1945.  Capitol Records reissued on Sentimental Journey - Capitol's Great Ladies of Song (Vol. 2) in 1992.
 Conway Twitty recorded a rock and roll version for his 1959 album Conway Twitty Sings on MGM Records.
 Paul Fenoulhet with The Skyrockets Dance Orchestra Voc.: Cyril Shane. Recorded in London on October 10, 1945. It was released by EMI on the HMV Records label as catalogue number BD 5908.
 Ella Fitzgerald recorded this song with Eddie Heywood and his Orchestra in 1947, it was later released on her Decca album, Ella and Her Fellas.
 In 1951, Brown's orchestra redid the song, with The Ames Brothers on vocals. This was released by Coral Records as catalog number 60566, with the flip side "Undecided".
 Ralph Marterie released the song as part of the album Marvelous Marterie in 1959.
 Margie Rayburn released a version of the song as the B-side to her 1960 single "Magic Words".
 Juan García Esquivel covered the song on Infinity in Sound, Vol. 2 (April 1961, RCA Victor), replacing the vocal part with whistling.
 The String-A-Longs recorded an instrumental version with three guitars, bass, and drums for their 1961 debut album, Pick A Hit, Warwick LP #2036
 The Platters covered this song in 1963.
 Les and Larry Elgart released a version arranged by Charles Albertine on their 1964 Columbia album Command Performance.
 Booker T. & the M.G.'s recorded an instrumental cover of this song for their 1966 album, And Now!.
 Italian singer Mina released the song as part of the album, Dedicato a mio padre in 1967.
 Harpers Bizarre covered the song on the album The Secret Life of Harpers Bizarre in 1968.
 Ringo Starr covered this song for his 1970 album Sentimental Journey.
 Japanese folk singer Shiva recorded a Japanese version of this song for his 1973 CBS/Sony album, コスモスによせる.
 Dave Dudley brought the song to country music with his top-50 version in 1976.
 Nellie McKay recorded her own arrangement as part of her album Normal as Blueberry Pie – A Tribute to Doris Day.
 Little Willie Littlefield recorded a version for his 1990 album Singalong with Little Willie Littlefield.
 In 1994, Les Brown and His Band of Renown teamed up to back Barry Manilow on a version of the song for Manilow's album, Singin' with the Big Bands.
 Sarah Harmer and Jason Euringer covered this tune on their 1999 album, Songs  for Clem.
 In 2010, Bob and Bernice Thorpe sang this song in the popular theatre show, Prop 8 Love Stories.
 In 2000/2001, singer-songwriter Amy Winehouse, who was 17 years-old at the time, recorded an acoustic cover of this song, with Sam Beste on the piano. This cover of Winehouse was not known, until her father, Mitchell recovered it in June 2014.
 Lynda Carter covered this song for her 2011 album Crazy Little Things.
 In 2013, Emmy Rossum covered this song in her album Sentimental Journey.
 George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic incorporated the song into their hit "Not Just Knee Deep" when performing the song live.
 Bob Dylan covered the song on his 2017 album Triplicate.

In popular culture

The song features prominently in the 1978 M*A*S*H episode "Your Hit Parade", as Col. Potter – citing a long-standing infatuation with Doris Day – requests the song be played over the camp P.A. system several times during the day.

In the UK spot on The Muppet Show Episode 3:08 with Loretta Lynn, Gonzo and Kermit the Frog sang the song on their way back to the show.

It was the theme song of the  ABC Radio program Sentimental Journey presented by John West.

An instrumental version of the song is also used as intro and outro of german television series "Eisenbahn-Romantik" ("Railway Nostalgia", literally "Railway Romance"), a 30 minute episode show about railways in Germany and abroad, which was broadcast first in 1991.

The song is featured in Season 2, Episode 4 of The Man in the High Castle.

The song is featured in the season 2 third episode of The Afterparty, where it was told in a noir detective setting and with Ulysses, Zoë and Grace performing the song.

References

1944 songs
1945 singles
Songs with music by Les Brown (bandleader)
Songs with lyrics by Bud Green
Ames Brothers songs
Doris Day songs
Ella Fitzgerald songs
Little Willie Littlefield songs
Margie Rayburn songs
Number-one singles in the United States
Songs of World War II
Songs about trains
Music published by MPL Music Publishing

Sentimental Journey (song)


The Barat Daya Islands () are a group of islands in the Maluku province of Indonesia. The Indonesian phrase barat daya means 'south-west'.

Geography
These islands are located off the eastern end of East Timor. Wetar is the largest island in the group. To the west, the Ombai Strait separates Wetar from Alor Island, part of East Nusa Tenggara. The Wetar Strait separates Wetar from Timor to the south.

Even though included in the Indonesian Maluku province political division, the southwestern islands are geographically part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Rainfall is limited with a dry season between October and December when some of the islands appear as dry savannah. The Barat Daya Islands except Wetar are part of the Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. Wetar and Timor comprise the Timor and Wetar deciduous forests ecoregion. Most of the islands are barren, infertile and minimally forested.

Together with Timor, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, and most of Maluku, the Barat Daya Islands are part of Wallacea, the group of Indonesian islands that are separated by deep water from both the Australian and Asian continental shelves. The islands of Wallacea have never been linked by land to either Asia or Australia, and as a result have few mammals and a mix of flora and fauna from both continents.

Islands
Among the islands within the archipelago are (from west to east):
 Liran
 Wetar
 Kisar
 Nyata
 Romang
 Leti Islands (Leti, Moa, Lakor)
 Sermata Islands
 Damer
 Babar Islands

Populated places

 Layoni (Teun Island)

Geology
The islands are part of the Inner Banda Arc, a volcanic island arc created by the collision of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. Romang and Damar are volcanic; Wetar consists mostly of oceanic crust that was pushed to the surface by the colliding plates. The Barat Daya and Banda islands constitute an inner arc; the outer arc, which includes Timor, the Tanimbar Islands, and the Kai Islands, is mostly made up of oceanic crust lifted up by the collision, and wraps around south and east of the inner arc.

History
Unlike much of the rest of the Maluku Islands, the Barat Daya Islands did not participate in the inter-island trade over the centuries. Damar was the region's only island to have produced spice. Too remote from the centre of the Malukan spice trade, the Dutch destroyed the nutmeg trees on Babar. Bugis and Makarassarese annually sailed to coral-rich Luang to purchase reef products such as trepang and mother of pearl.

Administration
The Maluku Barat Daya Regency is administratively composed of seventeen districts (kecamatan), whose areas (in km2) and 2013 officially estimated populations are listed below.:

See also

Islands of Indonesia
Maluku Islands
Maluku (province)

References

Volcanoes of the Maluku Islands
Archipelagoes of Indonesia
Landforms of Maluku (province)

Inner Banda Arc
Islands of the Maluku Islands
Populated places in Indonesia

Barat Daya Islands


Harry Brooks  (September 20, 1895 – June 22, 1970) was an American writer of popular songs, jazz pianist and composer in the 1920s to the early 1950s.

Brooks was born in Homestead, Pennsylvania. After graduating from his hometown high school in 1914, he worked as a pianist with Pittsburgh bands (dance orchestras) and then as a staff composer for a publishing company. He is recalled mostly in the 21st century for his work with his friends Thomas "Fats" Waller and the lyricist Andy Razaf. Brooks was the composer of several hit songs including his composition "Ain't Misbehavin'", written with Waller and Razaf.

Also with Razaf and Waller, Brooks scored the Broadway shows Snapshots of 1921 and Connie's Hot Chocolates. He died, aged 74, in Teaneck, New Jersey.

Published songs and music
All co-composed with Razaf and Waller unless otherwise marked
 "Ain't Misbehavin'"
"Black and Blue"
"Can't We Get Together"
"Garden Of God" - sole composer
"In the Meantime"
"Jungle Jamboree"
"Low Tide Down In My Heart" - with Andy Razaf
"My Man Is Good For Nothin' But Love"
"On the Loose" - sole composer
"Rockin' In a Rockin' Chair"
"Saturday"
"Southern Sunset" (aka "When the Sun Sets Down South") - with Sidney Joseph Bechet and Noble Sissle
"Strictly From Dixie"
"Sweet Savannah Sue"
"Swing, Mr. Charlie" - with Irving Taylor and J. Russell Robinson
"That Rhythm Man"

Notes and references

Further reading
Singer, Barry  (1992) Black And Blue: The Life And Lyrics Of Andy Razaf Schirmer Books, New York,

1895 births
1970 deaths
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists
American jazz pianists
American male jazz musicians
American male pianists
Broadway composers and lyricists
Jazz songwriters
Jazz musicians from Pittsburgh
People from Homestead, Pennsylvania
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
Vaudeville performers
American male songwriters

Harry Brooks (composer)


SNoW (born June 11, 1985 in Tokyo, Japan) is a J-Pop singer. She is now studying at Santa Monica College in California. She was raised in a two language environment. Her favorite artists include Ani DiFranco, Iggy Pop, Talking Heads, and Jack Johnson.

Her first single "Yes" was released under an indie record label in November 2004. In 2005, she changed labels to Sony Music Entertainment Japan. With Sony, she released "Hanabi made Ato Sukoshi" (花火まであとすこし - unofficial translation: "A Little Longer Until the Fireworks") in July. Her third single, "Sakasama no Chō" (逆さまの蝶, "The Inverted Butterfly"), was released on January 25, 2006. "Sakasama no Chō" was the opening theme of the 2005/2006 anime Jigoku Shoujo (地獄少女). It will also be used in the movie Humoresque to be released in February 2006. The opening theme for Jigoku Shōjo's second season, "NightmaRe", was also performed by SNoW. It was released as a single on December 6, 2006.

Singles
 "Yes" - November 25, 2004
 "Hanabi Made Ato Sukoshi" - July 6, 2005
 "Sakasama no Chō" - January 25, 2006
 "On & On" - July 5, 2006
 "NightmaRe" - December 6, 2006

1985 births
Living people
Singers from Tokyo

SNoW


Nasi lemak is a commonly found food in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore. It is also an unofficial national food in Malaysia. It is traditionally wrapped up in banana leaves. The rice is usually cooked in coconut cream. Sometimes spices such as ginger are added for their aroma (good smell).
Nasi lemak is sold in hawker centres in Singapore and other ingredients like fried egg, fried chicken wings and belacan chilli (made from chilli and shrimp) are added.

References

Other websites
 How to find the best Nasi Lemak

Singaporean foods
Rice

Nasi lemak


Webmail (or Web-based e-mail) is an e-mail service which is usually accessed through a web browser, instead of an email client such as Microsoft Outlook. Some well known versions are Gmail, Windows Live Mail and Yahoo! Mail. One of the advantages of using web-based e-mail, as with other Cloud computing is that users needn't have their own computer. They can access and write their mail from anyone else's computer that has a web browser connected to the internet.

Internet
E-mail

Webmail


The Federal Pact () was a treaty first signed by the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe on 4 January 1831, for which a Federal military alliance was created to confront the Unitarian League. Other provinces would later join the treaty.

Background
After the demise of the Liga Federal, led and inspired by José Gervasio Artigas, the first meeting between the Provinces of Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and Buenos Aires, with the purpose of an alliance, took place on July 20, 1830, in Santa Fe. It had the following representatives: Domingo Cullen for Santa Fe, Diego Miranda for Entre Ríos, Pedro Ferré for Corrientes and José María Roxas y Patrón for Buenos Aires. The treaty was to be written by Ferré and Roxas. Ferré insisted in the organization of the state at the national (river navigability, provincial powers, national organization) and international level (foreign commerce, customs taxes). Roxas y Patrón opposed to such ideas claiming that they did not have the attributions to decide over all those topics. The conflict grew around the topic of the centralism of the Buenos Aires port, with Ferré supporting the creation of other port for international commerce, such as in Santa Fe, and the distribution among the provinces of customs taxes. Seeing Roxas y Patrón remained inflexible about those topics, he decided to quit the negotiations for the treaty. Thus the treaty was signed by the remaining three provinces on January 4, 1831 in the city of Santa Fe. Corrientes Province joined the treaty on August 19 of the same year.

The Pact
The main topics of the pact were:

 It obligated the signer provinces to resist any foreign invasion to an Argentine province, whether this was a member of the treaty or not.
 It formed a defensive and offensive alliance against the integrity and independence of the signing parties against attacks from other provinces.
 The signing provinces were not to sign other treaties without the previous acceptance of the rest of the provinces.
 It forbade asylum to criminals wanted in another province.
 It allowed the unrestricted circulation of people and fruits between provinces by road or river free of any kind of taxes.
 All inhabitants of the provinces were granted the same rights, except the right to be governors (only given to people born in the province).
 Other provinces could join the treaty under the same terms, given the acceptance of the founding members.
 If one of the signing provinces were attacked, it would be helped by the others, with their forces under the control of the local government.

Later additions
 Mendoza: August 9, 1831
 Córdoba: August 21, 1831
 Santiago del Estero: March 12, 1832
 La Rioja: August 12, 1832
 Tucumán: October 18, 1832
 Salta: July 4, 1832
 San Luis: July 12, 1832
 Catamarca: September 1, 1832
 San Juan: May 3, 1832 (indirectly)

Constitution
In several ways, the Federal Pact acted as a constitution. In fact, the Argentine Constitution of 1853 starts by justifying its creation "with the purpose of fulfilling pre-existent pacts," which refers to this and other agreements. The creation of a Constitutional Assembly had been planned long before 1853, but the negative of Juan Manuel de Rosas, governor of Buenos Aires and strong member of the treaty, delayed it. The members of the Pacto Federal joined the United Provinces of the River Plate in the founding of the modern state of Argentina.

See also
Federal League (1815–1820)
Argentine Confederation
Juan Manuel de Rosas
List of treaties

Resources

Historical analysis (Spanish)

Argentine Civil War
1831 treaties
Treaties between Argentine provinces
1831 in Argentina
January 1831 events

Federal Pact


Gennevilliers  is a town in France near Paris. It is in the region Île-de-France and the department of Hauts-de-Seine. About 41,000 people live there.

Administration
Gennevilliers has a town hall, two fire stations, a police station, three post office, and a customs station.

Culture & monuments
Gennevilliers has an old church from 17th century called Saint Marie Madeleine.
At least Gennevilliers has got a movie theatre, a modern theatre, a music school, and a fine art school.

Sport
The main sports played in Gennevilliers are : Football, rugby, swimming, dance, archery, and kayak

Transport
Gennevilliers is famous for his port, the Port de Gennevilliers, one of the most important in France, and the first one on the river Seine. Gennevilliers has 3 stations of the Paris Métro Line 13 : Gabriel Péri, Les Agnettes, and Les Courtilles. Urban train line C come to Gennevilliers. City is also served by 6 tram stations : Parc des Chantereine, Gare de Gennevilliers, Timbaud, Le Village, Le Luth, and Les Courtilles. Two highways converge in Gennevilliers, the A15 and A86.

Twin town
  England : Wirral.
  Germany : Bergkamen.
  Italy : Imola
  Palestine : al-Bireh
  Poland : Ostrowiec
  Spain : La Bañeza.

Communes in Hauts-de-Seine

Gennevilliers


A trochophore is a type of larva found in marine plankton. It belongs to animals of several related phyla, in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa.

They have  two or more bands of cilia. By moving their cilia rapidly, a water eddy is created. In this way they control the direction of their movement. Also, in this way they bring their food closer, to capture it more easily.

Invertebrates
Developmental biology

Trochophore


Cinema Verity was a British independent television and film production company, founded in 1985 by Verity Lambert, the television producer, who named the company after herself and as a pun on the expression 'cinéma vérité'.

The company's first major venture was the 1988 feature film A Cry in the Dark, which was produced by Lambert herself and based on the infamous Azaria Chamberlain 'dingo baby' case in Australia in the early 1980s.

Thereafter, the company was active mainly in television, producing two sitcoms for BBC1, May to December (1989–94) and So Haunt Me (1992–94). It also co-produced the short-lived BBC soap opera Eldorado (1992–93).

Other work included the literary adaptation The Cazalets for BBC One in 2001.  This programme was co-produced by actress Joanna Lumley, whose initial idea the adaptation had been.

The company was voluntarily dissolved in 2011.

References

Defunct film and television production companies of the United Kingdom
Mass media companies disestablished in 2011

Cinema Verity


Tualatin Academy was a secondary school in the U.S. state of Oregon that eventually became Pacific University. Tualatin Academy also refers to the National Register of Historic Places-listed college building constructed in 1850 to house the academy, also known as Old College Hall. The building now serves as the Pacific University Museum, and is one of the oldest collegiate buildings in the western United States.

Academy
Congregational minister Harvey L. Clark started a missionary school in 1841 just north of East Tualatin Plains, now Hillsboro. The school was soon moved to West Tualatin Plains (now Forest Grove) where in 1847 Clark was joined by Tabitha Moffatt Brown, the Mother of Oregon. The two then operated a school for settler's children and Brown opened a school for orphans, opening in 1848. The Reverend Henry H. Spalding's wife Eliza Hart Spalding was hired to teach at the school the first year. In 1848, Presbyterians and Congregationalists determined to start a school with Clark and Brown's school as the location. The Oregon Territorial Legislature chartered the Tualatin Academy on September 29, 1849.

Founding trustees of the school included Clark, P. H. Hatch, George H. Atkinson, James M. Moore, and Osborne Russell among others. In 1854, when college classes were added, Pacific University was split from the academy. Tualatin Academy continued alongside the university until it was closed in 1914, at a time when many private high schools disappeared with the growth of public schools.

Building

The Tualatin Academy building, now known as Old College Hall, is a two-story wood-frame structure. Built by the community in July 1850 in barn raising fashion, it replaced a log cabin previously used by the school. A second identical building was added 18 years after Old College Hall and named Academy Hall. Academy Hall burned in 1910. Old College hall later was the Science Hall for the university and known as the Chem Shack to students from 1900 to 1950. In 1949, the science department moved out and the building was renamed as Old College Hall. That year two rooms upstairs became the Pacific University Museum.

Sitting atop its hipped roof is an octagonal shaped louvered belfry, similar to one that was on the Oregon Institute building. The rectangular shaped hall is divided by a centralized cross hall. Colonial Revival in style, the structure was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Tualatin Academy in 1974. The downstairs of the building houses the Price Memorial Chapel and meeting space. It is the oldest college building in the state and was still in use as a museum and chapel in 2017.

Pacific University Museum
The second floor of Old College Hall contains the Pacific University Museum with exhibits about the history of the university, including items from school founder Tabitha Moffatt Brown, first school president Sidney Harper Marsh, alumni and friends.  Visits are by appointment with the Office of the President.  The museum opened in 1949 as part of the school's centennial celebration.

References

Forest Grove, Oregon
Pacific University
1848 establishments in Oregon Territory
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon
Educational institutions established in 1848
1914 disestablishments in Oregon
Educational institutions disestablished in 1914
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Oregon

Tualatin Academy


Transportation in Pakistan is extensive and varied but still in its developing stages. It serves a population of over 170 million people. Construction of new airports, roads, and railway provides jobs for many people.

Rail

Domestic

Rail services in Pakistan are provided by the state-run Pakistan Railways, under the supervision of the Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in Pakistan. It does large-scale movement of people and freight. The railway network is  long. Broad gauge is  of that. There are  of electrified track. The narrow gauge tracks form the remaining .  Pakistan Railways also operate special trains for various occasions. The Freight Business Unit, with 12000 personnel, operates over 200 freight stations on the railway network. The FBU serves the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim as well as various other stations along the network. It moves agricultural, industrial and imported products such as wheat, coal, fertilizer, cement, and sugar. The freight rates structure is based on market trends in road transport which is the main competitor to rail transport.

Metros
The Karachi Circular Railway opened in the early 1940s. It is the only functioning metro in Pakistan. In 1976, Karachi was going to begin work on an underground metro system, but plans were put on hold. The Lahore Metro also serves from Gagu Matta to Shahadara.

International
 Iran — A broad gauge railway line runs from Zahedan to Quetta. A standard gauge line is finished from Zahedan to Kerman in central Iran, linking with the rest of the Iranian rail network. On May 18, 2007, a MOU for rail cooperation was signed by Pakistan and Iran under which the line will be completed by December 2008. Now that the rail systems are linked up at Zahedan, there is a break-of-gauge between the Islamic Republic of Iran Railways standard gauge tracks and Pakistan Railways broad gauge.

 Afghanistan — Currently there is no rail link to Afghanistan since no railway network is present in that country. However, Pakistan Rail has proposed to help build an Afghani Rail Network in three phases. The first phase will stretch from the Chaman to Spin Boldak in Afghanistan. The second phase will extend the line to Kandahar. The third phase will eventually connect to Herat. From there, the line will be extended to Khushka, Turkmenistan. The final phase would link  gauge with Central Asian  gauge. It is not clear where the break-of-gauge station will be. The proposed line will also connect the port town of Gwadar via Dalbadin and Taftan, connecting the port town to Central Asia.

 China — There is no link with China. However, on February 28, 2007, contracts were awarded for feasibility studies on a proposed line from Havelian via the Khunjerab pass at  above sea level, to the Chinese railhead at Kashgar. That is a distance of about .

 Turkey — An Istanbul-Tehran-Islamabad passenger rail service was proposed recently. On 14 August 2009, a container train service was launched by the Prime Minister of Pakistan Yousuf Raza Gilani between Islamabad and Istanbul. The first train carried 20 Intermodal containers with a capacity of around . It will travel  from Islamabad, through Tehran, Iran and on to Istanbul in two weeks' time. According to the Ministry of Railways (Pakistan) Ghulam Ahmad Bilour, after the trial of the container train service, a passenger train will be launched. There are also hopes the route will eventually provide a link to Europe and Central Asia, and carry passengers.

Road

National Highways

During the 1990s, Pakistan began an ongoing project to rebuild all National Highways of Pakistan throughout the country to important financial, cargo and textile centers. The National Highway Authority (NHA) is responsible for the maintenance of all national highways in Pakistan.

 The Makran Coastal Highway follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces. It links the port cities of Karachi and Gwadar. Journey time has been reduced to six or seven hours with the construction of the new Coastal Highway. The highway was built as part of a plan to improve transport facilities in southern Balochistan.

 The Karakoram Highway is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China with Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass.

 The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of South Asia. It runs from western Bengal, across north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan.

 The Silk Road is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia. It connects East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the mid section of Pakistan through the cities Peshawar, Taxila and Multan.

Motorways

The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s. The idea was to build a world class road network and to reduce the load off the heavily used national highways throughout the country. The M2 motorway was the first motorway completed in 1998. It links the cities of Islamabad and Lahore. Many new motorways have opened up including the M1 motorway and M3 motorway.

 Total:
 Paved:  (including 339 km of expressways)
 Unpaved:  (2001)
 Vehicles on road: 4.2 million vehicles 250,000 commercial vehicles (2004 estimate)

References

Transportation in Pakistan


Camp Endicott was a United States Navy Seabee facility, part of Davisville Naval Construction Battalion Center at Quonset Point in North Kingstown, Rhode Island.  A surviving portion of the camp, now mostly demolished, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

History
The vast training camp built at Davisville, Rhode Island in 1942, provided more than 100,000 men of the U.S. Navy's Construction Battalions, better known as "Seabees," with construction training during World War II. During the Vietnam War, eight Naval Mobile Construction Battalions representing some 4,000 Seabees were homeported at Davisville, in addition to 1,200 civilians.

Named in honor of Rear Admiral Mordecai T. Endicott, the first Civil Engineer Corps Officer to be appointed Chief of the former Bureau of Yards and Docks, Camp Endicott (later established as the U.S. Naval Construction Battalion Center, Davisville) was also the birthplace of the Quonset hut. These semi-cylindrically shaped, prefabricated, portable buildings were designed and produced at Davisville and shipped to various places throughout the world.  Because of its design and worldwide dispersion, the Quonset Hut is considered one of the most universal structures in the world.

The Camp Endicott Historical District at Davisville was established to preserve some of these structures as well as a portion of the former Camp that played a vital role in World War II.  The seven-acre District, located at the southern boundary of the Center, contained 17 huts.  When the area was slated for demolition, a few of the surviving huts were relocated to the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park elsewhere on the former camp grounds.

See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Rhode Island

References

External links

BASE: Advancing a Post-Military Landscape  An extensive photographic survey of the Davisville & adjacent Quonset Point Naval Bases completed in 2000 by Erik Carlson & Erica Carpenter.

United States Navy installations
Buildings and structures in North Kingstown, Rhode Island
Military installations in Rhode Island
Narragansett Bay
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Rhode Island
Government buildings completed in 1942
Military installations established in 1942
1942 establishments in Rhode Island
1994 disestablishments in Rhode Island
Demolished buildings and structures in Rhode Island
Military installations closed in 1994
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
Military Superfund sites
Superfund sites in Rhode Island

Camp Endicott


The Polish National Alliance (pol. Związek Narodowy Polski, PNA) is the largest and one of the oldest Polish fraternal organizations in the United States.  The original goal was to mobilize support among Polish Americans for the liberation of Poland. For much of the 20th century, it was locked in battle with the rival organization Polish Roman Catholic Union of America.

It later emphasized fraternal roles such as social activities for its membership. By the 1980s it focused on its insurance program, with 300,000 members and assets of over $176 million.

History
The Polish National Alliance was founded on February 15, 1880, in Philadelphia under the influence of Polish patriot Agaton Giller. Its first president was Juliusz Andrzejkowicz. In 1886, the PNA inaugurated the first fraternal insurance program kind in the Polish-American community; by 2000 PNA members held over $800 million of insurance coverage. In 1891, the PNA organized the first Polish Constitution Day parade in Chicago, to generate interest in Polish independence; it has been held annually in Chicago since 1894. At that time there were about 280 societies in the United States, nearly 60 in Chicago, some with membership over 250.

The PNA founded a number of publishing and educational institutions. From 1912 to 1991 it owned Alliance College in Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania. The organization founded the Polish Library in Chicago and Immigrants House in New York. In 1910 it built the monument of Tadeusz Kościuszko in Washington, D.C.. One prominent alumnus of the PNA is the humanitarian physician Leon S. Talaska, M.D.

The sense of Polish nationalism was so strong among certain Polish intellectuals, that they warned repeatedly against assimilation into American culture.  It was the duty of the Pole to someday return to liberate the homeland. The PNA newspaper Zgoda warned in 1900, "The Pole is not free to Americanize" because Poland's religion, language and nationality had been quote partially torn away by the enemies.  In other words, "The Pole is not free to Americanize because wherever he is – he has a mission to fulfill."

Contention with the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America
Before the First World War, the PNA often found itself at odds with the Polish Roman Catholic Union of America, a fraternal organization founded in 1873. The basic outward differences between the two fraternals are often remarked. The PRCUA, the earlier and more conservative, tended to support the American Catholic hierarchy over lay groups such as parish councils. The younger PNA was more radical in outlook and generally championed lay leadership over the Church hierarchy.

However, the most important difference was that of world view. The PRCUA viewed the Polish American community in terms of okolica, or "local environment," which it viewed as the starting point for building cultural awareness. The PNA viewed the Polish American community in terms of naród, or "nation," which was constituted by the entire Polish people, at home and abroad, and took as its ultimate goal the reconstitution of divided Poland. The two fraternals were able to reconcile their differences after 1945 and have coexisted amicably for decades.

Newspaper and current activities
In 1881, the PNA's official newspaper Zgoda was established through the efforts of Frank Gryglaszewski, later Censor of the PNA. It was followed in 1908 by the Polish-language daily Dziennik Związkowy (Polish Daily News). In 1987, the AM radio station WPNA was established; the station was sold August 1, 2022.

In the years 1912–1914 the PNA financially supported the Temporary Commission of Confederated Independence Parties. During World War I it collaborated with the Polish National League and the Polish National Committee in Paris. During World War II it backed the Polish Government in exile. In 1944 PNA under President Charles Rozmarek was a co-founder of the Polish American Congress (pol. Kongres Polonii Amerykańskiej), which shipped $150 million in goods to Polish refugees around the world.

Charles Rozmerek, the president from 1939 to 1969 built a political machine from the Chicago membership, and played a role in Chicago Democratic politics.

Since the end of the 19th century the PNA has been the largest Polish fraternal organization in the US with assets of $500 million as a result of insurance activity (the only requirement of membership is to buy an insurance policy – life, health etc.), and returns from banks and media they own.

Administration
The main authority of the organization is its Convention named Sejm Związkowy, held every 4 years, but the government is the Zarząd with the president of the PNA, and the Board of Directors (pol. Rada Dyrektorów). The supreme comptroller of the organization is Censor of the PNA (pol. cenzor ZNP), who is responsible only before the Sejm. The national headquarters of the Polish National Alliance is in the Forest Glen area of Chicago.  The headquarters was relocated here in the 1970s from Chicago's Polish Triangle in West Town.

References

Further reading
Urbanski, Michael T.  "Polite Avoidance: The Story Behind the Closing of Alliance College," Polish American Studies (2009) 66#1 pp 25–42
 Pienkos, Donald E. Today, Tomorrow: The Story of the Polish National Alliance Yesterday (2008)
 Pienkos, Donald E. PNA: A Centennial History of the Polish National Alliance of the United States (Columbia University Press, 1984)

External links
Official website

Polish-American history
Organizations based in Chicago
Polish-American culture in Pennsylvania
Polish-American culture in Chicago
Polish-American organizations
1880 establishments in Pennsylvania
Organizations established in 1880

Polish National Alliance


The Avarpi or Auarpoi or Avarni were Germanic tribe attested in Ptolemy's Geography. The attested Greek is Auarpoi. Avarpi is a scholarly transliteration into Latin, with some using Avarni on the assumption that the name refers to the Varni of Mecklenburg. However, Ptolemy uses Farodeinoi for Varini and clearly says that the Auarpoi are next to the Teutonikai and between the Sueboi and the Farodeinoi. This location is not precise, but is somewhere in the Pommern/Propommern region.

Further reading
Ptolemy, Geography, 2.10.

See also
List of Germanic tribes
Barbarian invasions

Early Germanic peoples

Avarpi


An artist is a person who creates art. This word is used most often for person and activities of 'high culture'. That is for example drawing, painting, sculpture, acting, dancing, writing, filmmaking, photography, and music. Sometimes a person who is very good at their job is called an artist, even if it is not considered as art. A scientist or mathematician can be called an artist.

Dictionary definitions
Wiktionary defines the noun 'artist' (one artist, two artists) as follows:
 A person who creates (makes) art.
 A person who creates art as an occupation, that means the person earn their money with art.
 A person who is skilled at some activity, that means a person who is very good in something.

History of the term

In ancient Greece there was the word "Techne" which is often translated as art. From this word comes "technical" and America is now the root of words such as technical, technology, etc. The seven muses were the gods of artists in the seven fields of human excellence: • Epic and lyric • History • Choral singing and poetry of love • Music • Tragedy • Religious Hymns • Gay poetry, poetry and rustic comedy • Dance • Astronomy and Geometry.

The word comes from Latin art "ars", that literally means skill method or technique, combined with the beauty of the objects produced. In the Middle Ages already existed the word artist, although its meaning is closer to what we now call the craftsman.

The present day concept of an artist

Concept art expresses a series of creations, called classical arts (painting, sculpture, literature, dance, music, architecture and cinema). However, considering someone as an artist is not limited to a series of works or concrete creations.

An artist is a person exercising the arts and produce artistic works. The artist is someone who has a special sensitivity to create a work or activity. There is no specific classification of what are an artist's own activities .In any case, the concept artist implies knowledge of art and at the same time, is a craft that can be professional but not necessarily. The artist seeks to create an object or activity that has a component of beauty. Very beautiful is one aspect cherished by the creators, but not only that. It also seeks to communicate feelings and ideas and form their own world.

Painter
An artist is a person able to put their point of view, their way of seeing the world and feel things on a canvas, a sheet or paper. An artist is a dreamer, is a poet, he is a speaker, is someone provided with sensibility sufficient or necessary to make us see things through their eyes.

Examples of art and artists

 Abstract: Jackson Pollock
 Actress: Greta Garbo
 Animation: Walt Disney
 Architect: Antoni Gaudí
 Ballet: Margot Fonteyn
 BioArt: Hunter O'Reilly
 Calligraphy: Rudolf Koch
 Ceramics: Grayson Perry
 Choreographer: Martha Graham
 Comics: Will Eisner
 Composer: Giuseppe Verdi
 Conceptual art: Sol LeWitt
 Cubism: Pablo Picasso
 Dancer: Isadora Duncan

 Designer: Arne Jacobsen
 Doll Maker: Greer Lankton
 Entertainer: PT Barnum
 Fashion designer: Alexander McQueen
 Fluxus art: Yoko Ono
 Game designer: Peter Molyneux
 Graphic Artist: Ludwig Merwart
 Graphic designer: Peter Saville
 Horticulture: André le Nôtre
 Illusionist: Houdini
 Illustrator: Quentin Blake
 Impressionism: Claude Monet
 Industrial designer: Pininfarina
 Jewelry: Fabergé
 Landscape architect: Frederick Law Olmsted
 Minimalist artist: Donald Judd
 Movie director: Sergei Eisenstein
 Muralist: Diego Rivera
 Musician:  John Lennon
 New Media:  Genco Gulan
 Novelist: Charles Dickens
 Musical instrument maker: Stradivari
 Orator: Cicero
 Outsider Art: Nek Chand
 Painter: Rembrandt van Rijn
 Painter: Mr. Glowa
 Performance Art: Carolee Schneemann
 Photographer: Bill Brandt
 Photomontage: John Heartfield
 Pianist: Glenn Gould
 Playwright: Alan Bennett
 Poet: Pablo Neruda
 Potter: Bernard Leach
 Printmaker: William Hogarth
 Sculptor: Michelangelo Buonarotti
 Singer: Maria Callas
 Street Art: Banksy
 Typographer: Eric Gill

References

Artist


Kahiwa Falls is a tiered waterfall in Hawaii located on the northern shore of the island of Molokai, between Wailau and Papalaua valleys. The waterfall is about  tall, although often only 1749 feet of its drop are counted as the main fall.

The falls have 6 tiers, the highest drop is 183 m tall. Kahiwa Falls can be observed only from the sea or from air. At strong winds the waterfall may get caught and rise upwards.

Often the nearby Papalaua Falls are mistaken for Kahiwa Falls. Kahiwa Falls can easily be distinguished from Papalaua Falls – the latter are located at the far end of a 0.9 km-long valley, while Kahiwa Falls fall directly into the ocean.

References

Waterfalls of Hawaii
Landforms of Molokai

Kahiwa Falls


Ra's al Ghul is a fictional character in the Batman franchise appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a supervillain, and he was Bruce Wayne's trainer. He is the leader of the League of Shadows, which is an organization based on correcting the corruption in the world by ways of fear and hostility. Bruce destroyed their temple after he is made aware of their true intention of destroying Gotham City.

Ghul is one of the smartest and most physically skilled villains in the Batman universe. He also trained Bane. Ghul is the father of one of Batman's love interests: Talia al Ghul. He was played by Liam Neeson and by Ken Watanabe (decoy) in Batman Begins. Neeson later had a small role as Ra's in The Dark Knight Rises , Talia appears in. David Warner is his voice actor in Batman: The Animated Series.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1971

Ra's al Ghul


The High Life is a British situation comedy written by and starring Forbes Masson and Alan Cumming as Steve McCracken and Sebastian Flight. Cumming and Masson met at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama and united after several solo projects to create the theatrical BBC sitcom, The High Life. The two leads were based heavily on their famous Scottish comedy alter-egos, Victor and Barry.

The series followed the cabin crew at the fictional airline, Air Scotia, flying out of Prestwick Airport. The crew consisted of the camp, alcohol-loving, narcissistic and vindictive steward, Sebastian; his sex-obsessed colleague Steve; their up-tight, antagonistic chief stewardess, Shona Spurtle; and the eccentric pilot, Captain Hilary Duff.
Sebastian and Steve longed to be promoted to long-haul flights to see exotic locations, instead of the current short-haul trips with their superior Shona, played by Siobhan Redmond, whom they described as 'Hitler in tights', 'Mussolini in Micromesh' and 'Goebbels in a Gossard'. The deranged pilot, Captain Duff, played by Patrick Ryecart, would need to be frequently reminded who he was, where the cockpit was and where he was flying to.

The High Life was interspersed with surrealism, childish humour, sarcasm and theatrical song and dance numbers. It only ran for one series due to Cumming's increasingly successful film career in Hollywood; however during an interview, Masson claims that a second series was written, yet not acted upon. Despite its short run, it is remembered for Steve and Sebastian's joint catchphrase: 'Oh dearie me!' and for the opening sequence which featured the cast performing a dance routine to the title song. During an interview on BBC television, Cumming noted that he accidentally mimed a Hitler-style salute during the opening sequence, due to being in the musical Cabaret at the time.

The series ran for six thirty-minute episodes. An initial pilot was broadcast in the Comic Asides anthology strand on BBC2 at 9pm on Sunday 9 January 1994. The series of six episodes were broadcast on Friday nights at 9.30pm between 6 January and 10 February 1995.

The entire series (including the pilot) was released on VHS and DVD in 2002, and was re-released in May 2009. The complete series was re-run on BBC Four early in 2009 and BBC Scotland in 2019.

Cast and crew
Alan Cumming - Sebastian Flight
Forbes Masson - Steve McCracken
Siobhan Redmond - Shona Spurtle
Patrick Ryecart - Captain Hilary Duff

Crew
Alan Cumming - Writer
Forbes Masson - Writer
Tony Dow - Director (pilot)
Angela deChastelai Smith - Director (series)
Tony Dow - Producer

Episode guide
 Pilot  - "The High Life"
 Shona lands the job of presenting the Air Scotia's in-flight video, much to Sebastian's annoyance.
 Episode 1 - "Feart"
 Steve and Sebastian decide to find a way out of short-haul flights. The impending arrival of the staff inspector could make these dreams come true.
 Episode 2 - "Birl"
 Air Scotia employees attend a weekend of intensive training. Steve finds love with flight-attendant, Heather.
 Episode 3 - "Winch"
 Sebastian returns from his holiday in Florida to discover something has happened between Shona and Steve.
 Episode 4 - "Choob"
 An almost total reshoot of the Comic Asides pilot episode.
 Episode 5 - "Dug"
 Sebastian decides to enter the Song For Europe contest as Scotland's first entry, in the hope of finding fame and fortune, and some girls for Steve. Meanwhile, the Air Scotia crew host a birthday for Aurora Borealis, the precocious daughter of Shona's favourite rock star.
 Episode 6 - "Dunk"
 The crew become involved in a small-business espionage plot involving biscuits, in a spoof of the 1960s series of Batman.

References

Scottish television shows
Scottish television sitcoms
1994 Scottish television series debuts
1995 Scottish television series endings
Aviation television series
Television shows set in Glasgow
1990s Scottish television series
Television shows set in Scotland
1990s British sitcoms
Television series about flight attendants

The High Life (British TV series)


Yoreh De'ah () is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim around 1300. This section treats all aspects of Jewish law not pertinent to the Hebrew calendar, finance, torts, marriage, divorce, or sexual conduct. (Nevertheless there exists occasional overlap into the excluded areas). Yoreh De'ah is therefore the most diversified area of Jewish law. Later, Rabbi Yosef Karo modeled the framework of his own compilation of practical Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, after the Arba'ah Turim. Many later commentators used this framework, as well. Thus, Yoreh De'ah in common usage may refer to an area of halakha, non-specific to Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation.

Topics include, but are not limited to:

 Permitted and forbidden foods,
 Circumcision,
 Gentiles,
 Foreign worship,
 Prohibition against charging interest,
 Oaths,
 Converts,
 Honoring parents,
 Honoring scholars and the elderly,
 Charity,
 Torah study,
 Torah scrolls,
 Mezuzah scrolls,
 Sending away the mother bird to take the young,
 Eating new grain,
 Forbidden mixtures (such as shatnez).
 Redeeming the firstborn,
 Excommunication,
 Visiting the sick,
 Mourning,
 Priestly tithes,
 Prohibition against tattooing.

See also

613 mitzvot
The other three sections of Arba'ah Turim and other works borrowing its organizational scheme are:
Orach Chayim
Choshen Mishpat
Even HaEzer

Rabbinic legal texts and responsa
Hebrew-language religious books
Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law

Yoreh De'ah