The 1952 Constitution of Romania, also called the "constitution of building socialism", expressed the consolidation of Communist power, featuring greater ideological content than its 1948 predecessor. A draft was written by a commission elected by the Great National Assembly on March 27, 1952, and published on July 18. By a 324-0 vote, it was adopted by the Great National Assembly on September 24, when it came into force, and published three days later.

The document contained an introductory chapter and ten further chapters containing 105 articles. Romania was proclaimed a "state of working people from the cities and villages" that "was born as a result of the historic victory of the Soviet Union against German fascism and the liberation of Romania by the glorious Red Army, a liberation that empowered the working people, above all the working class led by the Communist Party, to demolish the fascist dictatorship, to destroy the power of the exploiting classes and to build a state of popular democracy, which fully coincides with the interests and hopes of Romania's popular masses". The document provided for the state's independence and sovereignty to be "defended" by the "friendship and alliance with the great Soviet Union". The state's domestic politics were oriented toward "liquidating the exploitation of man by man and the construction of socialism" by strengthening and increasing the socialist sector of the economy and by realizing "in consequence a policy of limiting and eliminating capitalist elements". Among the Romanian state's functions were to repress "the classes removed from power" and to defend against external aggression. Through explicit provisions, the state was to have a dominant role not only in the economy, but also in areas such as education and culture.

Regarding political institutions, there was no change from the preceding constitution, the Great National Assembly continuing as the supreme organ of state power, while local governing bodies were now known as "popular assemblies" (). The Romanian Workers' Party was proclaimed "the leading force both of those who work, as well as of the state organs and institutions", at the same time gathering around itself "all organisations of those who work". Like its predecessor, the constitution enshrined citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. In practice, these freedoms were not respected. For example, the constitutional guarantee of freedom of association was effectively neutered by a provision that banned associations of a "fascist or antidemocratic character," which was broadly interpreted to ban nearly all associations that opposed Communist rule.

Modified 11 times in the ensuing years, the 1952 Constitution was abrogated on August 21, 1965, when the 1965 Constitution of Romania came into force.

References
 Stoica, Stan (coordinator). Dicţionar de Istorie a României, p. 93. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.
 Mihaela Cristina Verzea, "Constituţia RPR din 27 septembrie 1952" ("1952: The Constitution of People's Republic of Romania"), Dosarele Istoriei, 8/2003, pp. 22–26.

External links
 Text of the constitution

Socialist Republic of Romania
Constitutions of Romania
Constitution Of Romania, 1952
Romania
1952 in law
1952 documents
September 1952 events in Europe
1952 in politics

1952 Constitution of Romania


Urbania is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region of Marche, located about  west of Ancona and about  southwest of Pesaro, next to the river Metauro.

Urbania borders the following municipalities: Acqualagna, Apecchio, Cagli, Fermignano, Peglio, Piobbico, Sant'Angelo in Vado, Urbino.

It is a famous ceramics and majolica production centre. In recent years, it has become more closely associated with the Befana folk tradition.

History
Originally known as Castel delle Ripe, it was a free commune of the Guelph party. In 1277 it was destroyed by the Ghibellines, then rebuilt by the Provençal Guillaume Durand in 1284 and christened Castel Durante. Later it was ruled by the Brancaleoni family. When the latter were ousted, the city offered itself to the Dukes of Urbino, who used the palace in the city as summer residence and had it restored by architects such as Francesco di Giorgio Martini. The last della Rovere duke, Francesco Maria II, is buried in the Ducal Palace of Urbania.

In 1631 it became part of the Papal States. Five years later its name changed to the current one, in honor of Pope Urban VIII.

On 23 January 1944 Urbania was bombed by the Allies, resulting in the deaths of 250 civilians. It was a Sunday so the people had gathered in the town, increasing the number of victims.

After World War II Urbania received the Bronze Medal for Military Valour for the deeds of its citizens during the partisan warfare.

Geology
The base of the Chattian international stratigraphical stage is located in Urbania and is marked by a GSSP and commemorative sign which were installed there in May 2017.

Main sights

 Ducal Palace: The palace houses a museum and a library. Among the prize holdings are globes made by the Flemish-born, German natural scientist Gerardus Mercator between 1541 and 1551.
 Chiesa dei Morti (Church of the Dead), with 18 natural mummies from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance exposed behind the altar.
 The medieval walls.
 The 'Barco Ducale' is one kilometer outside of the town. It was erected in 1465. After an earthquake, it was rebuilt between 1741 and 1771. Normally you can not enter the building.
Urbania Cathedral
Santa Caterina
Santa Chiara
Santissimo Crocifisso
San Francesco
Santa Maria Maddalena

Population History

References

External links

 Urbania official website

Cities and towns in the Marche

Urbania


Black Mask is the name of two fictional Batman villains from DC Comics who have a black skull and a black suit who in some cases is a crime boss leader. The first Black Mask was Roman Sionis who hated masks, but he wore toxic make-up that made him to have the black skull. The second Black Mask was Jeremiah Arkham, the boss of Arkham Asylum, so after the death of the first Black Mask he wanted to continue his legacy, so he became the second Black Mask.

In Batman Returns, Christopher Walken's character Max Shreck was burned and the corpse had a look alike to Black Mask. He was portrayed by Ewan McGregor in the 2020 movie Birds of Prey.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters

Black Mask


Tumbleweed Communications Corp. provided secure messaging and secure file transfer solutions for enterprise and government customers. Tumbleweed Communications merged with Axway in 2008.

Tumbleweed products were used to block security threats, protect information, and conduct business online. Tumbleweed provided solutions for inbound and outbound email protection, secure file routing, and identity validation that allow organizations to conduct business over the Internet. Tumbleweed offered these solutions in three product suites: MailGate, SecureTransport, and Validation Authority. MailGate provides protection against spam, viruses, and attacks, and enables policy-based message filtering, encryption, and routing. SecureTransport enables customers to safely exchange large files and transactions without proprietary software. Validation Authority determines the validity of digital certificates.

Tumbleweed has approximately 2,300 enterprise and government customers. Their traditional market focus has been in the financial services, health care, and government markets.

Merger
 Axway Acquired Tumbleweed in early June 2008.
 Tumbleweed Acquired Corvigo in 2004. With the acquisition, Tumbleweed gained the Linux-based anti-spam appliance MailGate.
 Tumbleweed Acquired Valicert in 2003. The Valicert SecureTransport product was added to Tumbleweed's security suite.
 Tumbleweed acquired Worldtalk in 2000.

Revenue
In 2005, Tumbleweed earned approximately $US 50 million in gross revenue from the sale of their products and services.  Of that, approximately $US 3 million was from licensing their patents.
In 2006, Tumbleweed reported $US 62 million in revenue, with revenue growth over one year of 24%.
In 2007, Tumbleweed reported $US 57.50 million in revenue, with revenue growth over one year of -7.30%.

Awards
In January 2007, Tumbleweed's MailGate 5550 was named SC Magazine's  Best of 2006 "Recommended" award in the Anti-Spam category.

Patents
Tumbleweed has a patent portfolio including 22 utility patents and one issued US design patent.

US patent 6192407 is one of several owned by Tumbleweed that relates to document delivery systems that generate a unique URL for intended recipients of a document in order to deliver that document. Tumbleweed has licensed this and related patents in their patent portfolio to 29 companies.  They have filed several  patent infringement lawsuits.  Those that have been sued include:
PayPal, This suit has been settled. Terms of the settlement have not been disclosed.
Hallmark Cards, This suit has been settled.  Hallmark agreed to take a license.
Yahoo! and HSBC Bank USA, This suit has been settled.  The terms have been described by Yahoo! and HSBC lawyers as favorable to Yahoo! and HSBC.
DST Systems and NewRiver This suit has been settled.  DST Systems and NewRiver will pay Tumbleweed four cents for each delivery of electronic information using a personalized, trackable URL.

Overall, Tumbleweed earns about 6% of its revenue from patent licensing.

Competitors
Major competitors of Tumbleweed include:
Sterling Commerce
Trend Micro
Zix

Representative customers
Representative customers of Tumbleweed include:
UBS
Bank of America
JPMorgan Chase
The Regence Group
Aetna

See also
 List of software patents

References

External links

Information technology companies of the United States
Companies based in Redwood City, California

Tumbleweed Communications


The Wars series is a series of video games made by Nintendo that has appeared on many Nintendo systems starting with the Nintendo Entertainment System. Its first game is Famicom Wars, and it has a spin-off called Battalion Wars. The series is often called Advance Wars, since the main games are called Advance Wars in English.

Games
 Famicom Wars 1988, Famicom Disk System
 Game Boy Wars 1990 Game Boy
 Game Boy Wars Turbo 1997, Game Boy
 Game Boy Wars 2 1998, Game Boy Color
 Super Famicom Wars 1998, Super Nintendo Entertainment System
 Game Boy Wars 3 2001, Game Boy Color
 Advance Wars 2001, Game Boy Advance
 Advance Wars 2: Black Hole Rising 2003, Game Boy Advance
 Advance Wars: Dual Strike 2005, Nintendo DS
 Battalion Wars 2005, Nintendo GameCube
 Battalion Wars 2 2007, Wii
 Advance Wars: Days of Ruin 2008, Nintendo DS

Intelligent Systems games

Wars (series)


Neverland is the sixth regular studio album by The Mission. It was released on the 13 February 1995 by Equator Records (UK) and Sony (Europe) and reached #58 in the UK Albums Chart. It was preceded by the single 'Swoon' while a second single 'Lose Myself In You' was released in Germany only. An expanded version appeared on the 7 March 2011 through Demon Edsel Records.

Background
The album was recorded and produced by Hussey and the band over a three-year period. The first tracks were produced in 1992 on the back of the Masque sessions. After the departure of Craig Adams the Mission had been reduced to a duo and active recruitment of new members took place over the last three months of 1992. Thwaite and Carter joined together with Matthew Parkin on bass. The latter left at the start of 1993 to be replaced by the former The Pretenders bassist Andy Hobson. His tenure was equally short until Andy Cousin of the recently folded All About Eve became a permanent member. In August 1993 Hussey revealed in the Melody Maker that the album was provisionally called Dog Lover and that Joe Gibb had again assisted with the production. Tracks such as "Raising Cain", "Afterglow" and Daddy's Gone To Heaven" had been recorded by this stage, while "Swoon" was listed among the songs Hussey mentioned. After the ClubMission Tour of 1993, the band were told by their label that the new material had been rejected.

The Sum & Substance collection completed the contract with Phonogram, which included a Mark "Spike" Stent version of "Afterglow". The band introduced the song "Whore" during their short 1994 tour, while a stripped-down version of "Afterglow" that was included on the album as "Afterglow (reprise)". During a 1994 BBC Radioshow "Swim With The Dolphins" was first aired. Towards the end of the summer of 1995 the band signed a contract with Equator Records while Hussey began to compile the album from the various sessions. Assisted by Steve Whitfield, the track listing was finalised while an EP entitled The Mission:1 was released in October 1994 containing "Raising Cain", "Sway" and "Neverland (instrumental)".

Critical reception
Andrew Mueller, writing in Melody Maker, described the album as "a stadium record that is never going to fill a theatre, a defiant gurgle on the way down the sinkhole".

Track listing
 "Raising Cain" – 6:12
 "Sway" – 4:44
 "Lose Myself in You" – 4:21
 "Swoon" – 5:07
 "Afterglow (reprise)" – 7:50
 "Stars Don't Shine Without You" – 4:57
 "Celebration" – 2:24
 "Cry Like a Baby" – 5:32
 "Heaven Knows" – 6:22
 "Swim with the Dolphins" – 3:17
 "Neverland (vocal)" – 4:22
 "Daddy's Going to Heaven Now" – 11:08

Personnel
Wayne Hussey – vocals, guitars, production
Mick Brown – drums
Mark Thwaite – guitars
Andy Cousin – bass
Rik Carter – keyboards
Matthew Parkin – bass (uncredited)
Andy Hobson – bass (uncredited)

References

1995 albums
The Mission (band) albums

Neverland (The Mission album)


William Perry "Bill" Clements, Jr. (April 13, 1917 – May 29, 2011) was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas, serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991. Clements was the first Republican to have served as governor of the U.S. state of Texas since Reconstruction. Clements' eight years in office were the most served by any Texan governor prior to former Governor Rick Perry.

Early career
Clements was born in Dallas and worked as an oil driller for many years. He studied at Southern Methodist University (SMU) but did not finish a degree. He founded SEDCO in 1947, which became the world's largest offshore drilling company. He entered politics as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1975-1977 he worked under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.

In 1975, he married political organizer Rita Crocker Clements.

Governor
On January 16, 1979, Clements replaced Democrat Dolph Briscoe as governor of Texas. He defeated State Representative Ray Hutchison in the Republican primary by a vote of 115,345 to 38,268. Clements won the November 1978 general election defeating Democrat John Hill. Hill had been the Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court and had been the Texas Attorney General for six years. Clements got 49.96% of the votes. With help from the votes of several minor candidates he narrowly won the election.
Clements ran for reelection in 1982 but was defeated by Democratic Attorney General Mark White. People think that he lost votes because the economy was bad.

The 1986 return
After being defeated, Clements was chairman of the board of governors of SMU in Dallas. He ran again in 1986 and won a primary against U.S. Representative Thomas Loeffler of New Braunfels and former Democratic turned Republican Congressman Kent Hance of Lubbock. At the election Clements defeated Governor White getting 52.7% of the votes.

Clements as governor

His first term was marked by SEDCO's involvement in the then largest oil blowout in history, the Ixtoc I oil spill, which caused extensive environmental damage. Charlie Brooks, Jr., became the first prisoner to be executed by lethal injection (December 1982). Clements faced heavily Democratic state legislatures. In 1980, Clements changed the death penalty for Randall Dale Adams to life in prison. Adams was the subject of The Thin Blue Line, an Errol Morris documentary movie. Adams was found to be innocent in 1989 after serving twelve years in prison.

During his second term, Clements worked to reduce crime, improve education,  and boost the Texas economy. He tried to improve relations with Mexico, especially on immigration and the War on Drugs.

Football scandal
Clements's second term was hurt by actions he took at SMU. On March 3, 1987, Clements admitted that he and the SMU board of governors had approved a secret plan to pay 13 college football players using money from an alumnus. The NCAA shut down the SMU football program for the 1987 season. They did not have a team in 1988 as well. The shutdown and other sanctions hurt the team for many years. The College of Bishops of the United Methodist Church investigated the scandal. The discovered Clements had met with athletic director Bob Hitch, and agreed that the payments had to continue.
In late 1985 then SMU President L. Donald Shields and board of trustees chairman Edwin L. Cox wanted to stop the payments completely. Clements told President Shields to "stay out of it" and to "go run the university".

A week later, Clements said he was sorry that he kept making the payments. He said the he had learned about the payments in 1984, and discovered that players had been paid since the mid-1970s. The board "reluctantly and uncomfortably" decided to continue paying players who had already been guaranteed payments. However, he now knows that they should have stopped the payments immediately.

Clements faced calls for his impeachment as a result of these statements. Two state legislators argued that he would have never been elected Governor had told the truth about his role in the scandal. Because of this, Clements did not run for a third term as governor. On January 15, 1991, Democratic state Treasurer Ann Richards replaced him.

Post-political life

After leaving the governorship, Clements worked hard to help Republican candidates seeking office in Texas. He lived in Dallas with his second wife, Rita Crocker. She was later appointed to the University of Texas Regents by Governor George W. Bush. Clements was known for his acerbic, energetic personality, which Democrats hated but Republicans loved. In 1993, he unsuccessfully supported the conservative Congressman Joe Barton in a special election for the U.S. Senate.
 In 2006, Clements raised money for U.S. Senator John McCain to run for President.

In June 2009, Clements donated $100 million to UT Southwestern Medical Center, the largest civic donation in Dallas history. A high school in Sugar Land, Texas and a state office building in Austin, Texas are named in honor of Clements.

Death
On Memorial Day weekend in 2011, Clements died at age 94 in a Dallas hospital from natural causes.

References

Further reading
 Bridges, Kenneth William. "The Twilight of the Texas Democrats: The 1978 Governor's Race," Ph.D. dissertation, University of North Texas, 2003, 281 pages; AAT 3117260 in Proquest

Other websites

 Papers of Governor William P. Clements at Texas A&M University

'Bill Clements Dies at 94; Set Texas on G.O.P. Path', James C. McKinley, Jr., The New York Times, 30 May 2011

1917 births
2011 deaths
Governors of Texas
Politicians from Dallas

Bill Clements


A quiz is a type of game in which players (as individuals or in teams) try to answer questions correctly. Quizzes are also  used in education and similar fields to improve the growth of someone's  knowledge, abilities, and/or skills.

Quizzes are usually scored in points. Many quizzes are designed for people to determine the winner of a group of participants - usually the participant with the highest score.

Games

Quiz


Scatterbrain a collection of short stories, novel excerpts and essays by Larry Niven. It was published in 2003, as a sequel to N-Space and Playgrounds of the Mind.

Contents
Introduction: Where Do I Get My Crazy Ideas
Destiny's Road (Excerpt from the novel)
The Ringworld Throne (Excerpt from the novel)
The Woman in Del Ray Crater
Loki
Procrustes
Mars: Who Needs It? (Non-fiction for Space.com)
How to Save Civilization and Save a Little Money (Non-fiction for Space.com)
The Burning City (Excerpt from the novel, with Jerry Pournelle)
Saturn's Race (Excerpt from the novel, with Steven Barnes)
Ice and Mirrors (With Brenda Cooper)
Discussion with Brenda Cooper re: Ice and Mirrors
Smut Talk
Telepresence
Learning to Love the Space Station
Autograph Etiquette
Tabletop Fusion
Collaboration
Intercon Trip Report
Handicap
Did the Moon Move for You, Too?
Hugo Awards Anecdotes
Introduction to Pete Hamilton story Watching Trees Grow
Introductory material for Man-Kzin Wars II.
Canon for the Man-Kzin Wars
Epilogue: What I Tell Librarians

Short story collections by Larry Niven
2003 short story collections
Tor Books books

Scatterbrain (book)


Vladimir Pavlovich Krantz (; February 17, 1913 – July 20, 2003) was a Soviet Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad - Saint Petersburg and is regarded as one of the representatives of the Leningrad school of painting. He is most famous for his lyrical landscape paintings.

Biography

Vladimir Pavlovich Krantz was born February 17, 1913, in Mozdok, North Caucasus. His mother's origin was Cossack, and his father came from nobility. His ancestor, German-born Von Rosen Krantz, was sent in exile to the Caucasus after the December uprising in Petersburg in 1825.

In 1935 Vladimir Krantz entered the Architectural department of Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute, which he graduated in 1940. After graduating he worked as an artist-decorator, and painted in oils independently.

In 1941 Krantz was drafted into the Red Army and took part in the second world war of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany and its allies.

After the war, Krantz returned to his work in the Painting and Design Group of Enterprises in Leningrad and perfected his art at the studio of the known Leningrad artist and art educator Samuil Nevelshtein.

Since 1957 Vladimir Krantz had participated in art exhibitions. He painted a lot in suburbs of Leningrad and in the ancient Russian town of Staraja Ladoga in the Leningrad Region. Vladimir Krantz painted landscapes, cityscapes, genre and still-life paintings. In the 1970s his art was recognized by the public. The Japanese collector Yoko Nakamura acquired a series of his landscapes, and the artist became well known abroad.

Krantz painted the modest beauty of Northern Russia and seascapes in the Crimea, working at the Academic Dacha in Tver province. There he became better acquainted with many famous artists. This broadened his artistic horizons and enrich the technical arsenal. Among them were well-known masters of landscape painting Nikolai Timkov, Dmitry Maevsky, Ivan Varichev, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, and Vecheslav Zagonek.

As a master of lyrical landscapes, Krantz considered nature as his main teacher. He preferred painting ala prima, finishing his landscape in one session. He never went down to the rough naturalism or unwarranted detailing both in drawing and coloring.

Krantz was a member of the Saint Petersburg Union of Artists (before 1992 named as the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation) since 1972. His personal exhibitions were in Leningrad in 1964, 1977, and 1991, and in Saint Petersburg in 1992, 1995, and in 2002.

Vladimir Pavlovich Krantz died in Saint Petersburg on July 20, 2003. His paintings reside in art museums and private collections in Russia, Japan, the United States, Germany, and throughout the world.

See also
 Leningrad School of Painting
 List of 20th-century Russian painters
 List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
 List of the Russian Landscape painters
 Saint Petersburg Union of Artists

References

Sources
 Matthew C. Bown. Dictionary of 20th Century Russian and Soviet Painters 1900-1980s. - London: Izomar, 1998. , .
 Vladimir Pavlovich Krantz. - Saint Petersburg: Aurora-Designe, 2001. - 72 p.
 Vladimir Pavlovich Krantz. - Saint Petersburg: Iskusstvo Rossii, 2002. - 55 p.
 Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School.- Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – pp. 363, 393, 395-400, 404-407, 439, 446. , .

1913 births
2003 deaths
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
21st-century Russian painters
Soviet painters
Socialist realist artists
Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists
Leningrad School artists
Landscape artists
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering alumni
20th-century Russian male artists
21st-century Russian male artists

Vladimir Krantz


A carbon nanotube is an allotrope of carbon that is shaped like a tube of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes are very tough and hard to break, but still relatively light. Some are very long. Because of their high strength, carbon nanotubes may one day be used for bulletproof armour and other uses needing hard, lightweight materials. A few carbon nanotubes also let electricity through them. Some may be up to 1,000 times better at conducting electricity than metals like copper and silver.

Other websites
 Carbon nanotube -Citizendium

Allotropes of carbon

Carbon nanotube


The 1928 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 6, 1928. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1928 United States presidential election. State voters chose 45 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.

New York was won by Republican former Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California, who was running against Democratic Governor of New York Alfred E. Smith. Hoover's running mate was Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas, while Smith's running mate was Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas.

Hoover won with a plurality of 49.79 percent of the vote to Smith's 47.44 percent, a margin of 2.35 points. Socialist candidate Norman Thomas finished a distant third, with 2.44 percent. Although New York was Al Smith's home state and he had been elected governor there, the 1920s were a fiercely Republican decade in American politics, and New York during the Fourth Party System was a fiercely Republican state in presidential elections. In 1928, Herbert Hoover was winning the third consecutive nationwide Republican landslide, and the economic boom and social good feelings of the Roaring Twenties under popular Republican leadership proved too much for Smith to overcome both nationally and in his home state.

However, Smith's performance in New York was still impressive in the context of the 1920s, and highly significant in shaping the state's political development. In the elections preceding 1928, New York had been more Republican than the nation as a whole, even in the nationwide Republican landslides of 1920 and 1924. Smith's narrow 2-point defeat in the midst of the nationwide Republican landslide of 1928 made New York State 15% more Democratic than the national average. Smith's 47.44 percent was also the highest vote share a Democratic presidential candidate had received in New York State since former New York Governor Grover Cleveland won the state in 1892, as Woodrow Wilson only won the state with 41% in 1912 when the Republican vote was split.

Smith dramatically improved upon how Democrats before him had done and laid the groundwork for turning the state Democratic in 1932 and beyond. In 1920 and 1924, Republicans had swept every county in New York State and Democrats had received less than 30% of the vote. In 1928, Smith came within 2 points of winning the state by sweeping all five boroughs of heavily populated New York City, winning Albany County, home to the state capital of Albany, along with neighboring Rensselaer County, and winning two counties in northern New York along the Saint Lawrence River, Clinton County and Franklin County.

Results

New York City results

Results by county

Analysis
Key to Smith's strength in New York State was his sweep of the five massively populated boroughs of New York City. A New York City native, Smith took over 60% of the vote in Manhattan and the Bronx, and also won majorities in Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. Up to this point, 1928 was the strongest victory ever for a Democrat in the city. Smith, a Roman Catholic of Irish, Italian, and German immigrant heritage, held special appeal to Catholic and ethnic immigrant communities that populated cities like New York and Boston. The first Catholic to be nominated on a major-party ticket, Smith's Catholicism would severely weaken his candidacy in many rural parts of the country, especially in the South, but would prove an asset in appealing to voters in New York. The urban, ethnic coalition that delivered New York City to Al Smith would prove to be a harbinger of long-term realignment of both the city and the state toward the Democratic Party. 1928 began a Democratic winning streak in New York City that has never been broken since, as New York City would be solidified as one of the most Democratic cities in the United States, and a major obstacle to overcome for any Republican seeking to compete in New York State. 1928 also turned the state capital of Albany, which had previously been a Republican city, into a Democratic bastion in upstate New York. This was the first time Democrats swept all five boroughs of New York City, which would also occur in 1932 and 1936.

Hoover, for his part, was able to hold on to New York State's electoral votes in 1928 by sweeping much of traditionally staunchly Republican upstate New York and Long Island, where efforts from Hoover's future successor Franklin D. Roosevelt could not swing dry, Protestant Yankee voters to Smith. In addition, the turnout and vote number margins were not yet there in New York City in 1928 to overcome Republican dominance in the rest of the state. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt would build on Smith's coalition to flip New York State into the Democratic column, winning the state with virtually the same county map as Smith, but with stronger vote number margins and turnout. After 1928, New York state would not vote Republican again until 1948.

See also
 United States presidential elections in New York
 Presidency of Herbert Hoover

References

New York
1928
1928 New York (state) elections


The American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) is a professional association of psychiatric-mental health nurses. Founded in 1986, it provides continuing education and a range of professional services to a membership of more than 9000 nurses. It publishes position papers on mental health issues and the care of persons with psychiatric disorders.

Membership
APNA is the largest psychiatric-mental health nursing organization, with more than 40 national and international chapters. Educational levels vary from basic to doctoral. The membership includes psychiatric registered nurses, advanced practice registered nurses, nursing students, licensed practical nurses, and retired nurses.

Publications
APNA has an electronic newsletter entitled APNA News: The Psychiatric Nursing Voice that is emailed to all members monthly.
The Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (JAPNA) is published bimonthly by SAGE Publications. APNA membership includes a subscription JAPNA. Members may also access JAPNA online. It includes peer-reviewed articles regarding psychiatric and mental health nursing, improving mental health care, and health care policy. It has a circulation of 10,809 subscribers. APNA also co-published Psychiatric-Mental Health: Scope and Standards of Practice with the American Nurses Association and International Society of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses.

Continuing Nursing Education
APNA is an accredited provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. The organization offers live and online continuing nursing education programs.

The APNA Annual Conference is the largest gathering of psychiatric and mental health nurses in the US and consists of three days of continuing education specific to psychiatric mental health nursing.

The APNA Annual Clinical Psychopharmacology Institute offers sessions which provide psychopharmacology continuing education contact hours related to psychiatric medications. This institute addresses the interaction of neurobiological and genetic mechanisms, Axis I and II disorders and clinical syndromes, and current health care issues in recovery including transcultural care delivery. Complex health issues, polypharmacy, and recently approved medications are also addressed.

APNA worked collaboratively with the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners on a three part series, Counseling Points - Caring for Patients with ADHD Throughout the Lifespan. APNA is developing a three part series of Counseling Points on tobacco dependence entitled "Breaking Barriers and Implementing Change".

See also
Grayce Sills

References

External links

Psychiatric nursing
Nursing organizations in the United States
Medical and health organizations based in Virginia

American Psychiatric Nurses Association


Formula 3000 was a type of formula racing, below Formula One and above Formula Three. It was named because the cars were powered by 3000 cc engines. The International Formula 3000 was introduced by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) in 1985 to replace Formula Two, and was itself replaced by the GP2 Series in 2005.

Auto racing
1985 establishments

International Formula 3000


Onryō (怨霊) is a Japanese ghost (Yūrei, 幽霊) who is believed to be able to return to the world of the living to seek revenge. Some onryō are male, mostly in Kabuki, but most of them are women. They usually suffer at the hands of their male lovers when they were alive, because they were weak, but they become strong in death.

In Japanese tradition, the spiritual world has Yomi (hell) on one side and the world of the living in the other. In the middle, there is a waiting area, like a purgatory, where spirits lie in doubt before moving on. Some spirits, especially those of murdered people, can go back to the world of the living, influenced by feelings of anger, sadness, or love.

Onryō and yūrei do not have a particular look. But the popularity of Kabuki in the Edo Period meant that a costume was created to show what they look like. This usually included a white burial kimono, long and black, messy hair, and white and purple make-up. The influence of this image can be seen in modern movies about Onryō, like Ring.

References
Iwasaka, Michiko and Toelken, Barre.  Ghosts and the Japanese: Cultural Experiences in Japanese Death Legends, Utah State University Press, 1994.

Other websites
Tales of Ghostly Japan  Japanzine By Zack Davisson
Japanese Ghosts Mangajin #40 by Tim Screech
 Yūrei-ga gallery at Zenshoan Temple

Japanese folklore

Onryō


Black start is the process to start up in a power station from zero, without the help of power from the grid connected to the station.

Usually, a power station uses its own set of electrical generator to start the plant. This is a diesel generator called the Black start diesel generator (BSDG). This powers up all electrical panels which control the station.

Electricity

Black start


UFO: Extraterrestrials is a Microsoft Windows game aimed to be a spiritual sequel to the highly acclaimed X-COM: UFO Defense. Developed by Chaos Concept, the game incorporates a twist of the aliens defeating the humans on Earth. The game takes place on a human-colonized planet named Esperanza, where the alien threat has just arrived. An updated version of the game, UFO: Extraterrestrials Platinum, was released in 2023.

Gameplay
Gameplay in UFO: Extraterrestrials is similar to the original X-COM games. The player starts out with a base where they can add buildings, allocate scientists, equip soldiers and vehicles, manufacture equipment, etc.  Additional bases can be bought in different countries but are used mainly for housing interceptors.  Most buildings cannot be built in bases other than your main base.

The research side of the game is extensive, with about 120 projects to complete. These projects lead to improved weaponry, equipment, and understanding of the aliens.

When a UFO is spotted on the global view (or "geoscape") the player must send interceptors to shoot it down. Once the UFO has been shot down the player can send in a transport of soldiers to carry out a tactical mission to neutralize the aliens and capture their equipment.  Alien commanders can also be captured for interrogation.

The tactical missions are turn based, with no real-time option. The tactical squad that is sent to the crash site can include robots and tanks as well as soldiers; tanks and robots take up more space in the transport, however, and space is limited. Tactical missions can take approximately 30 minutes and there are about 200 pre-made levels.  When a mission begins a level is chosen according to the environment where the action takes place; the environment in missions is destructible.

The aliens can start a tactical mission if they attack any of the player's bases. Aliens can attack the player's base with UFOs, in which case it is a fight between your SAM sites and the UFO; if the SAM sites are destroyed, a tactical mission within your base will take place (or aliens will take it over in which case the player needs to send a transport ship). The aliens may also initiate a terror mission against any country; in this scenario the environment is a city with civilians in it.

The more aliens a soldier kills the more experience he receives (tanks and robots do not gain experience). There are rank insignias that show this and titles linked with each; when a soldier accumulates enough experience they go up a rank. Soldiers lose experience when they are recovering from injuries in the hospital; they can even lose a rank if they are in there long enough, but when a soldier comes back from the hospital they will gain experience faster for a time.

Reception
UFO: Extraterrestrials received mixed reviews on Metacritic.  Eurogamer said it is a flawed clone and recommended it only to X-COM fans who couldn't wait to see what 2K Games did with the license.  IGN disliked how closely it followed the original X-COM and said the few deviations were poorly done.

The August 2008 edition of Pelit featured a retrospective of UFO: Extraterrestrials that focused on the effects mods have had on the game. Long-time reviewer Niko Nirvi, a strong admirer of the original X-COM: UFO Defense, described the original UFO: Extraterrestrials as a pleasant but visibly rushed substitute. He focused on "Bman's Ease of Use Mod 4.07 (fixed by Coasty)" as the prevailing merger of minor modifications, and pronounced it "the true successor of X-COM: UFO Defense" that "genuinely achieves some of its predecessor's magic." According to the magazine, the more visible features of Bman's mod are added weaponry, incorporation of the original UFO Defense enemies (although graphically by copying and enlarging the older game's sprites), improving AI and rebalancing the game mechanics by changing them towards those of UFO Defense.

Prequel
In September 2009, Chaos Concept unveiled a new website announcing a prequel, UFO2Extraterrestrials: Shadows over Earth, which has been in development since early 2009. Some of the announced improvements to the game include dynamic lighting (night missions complete with the need for light sources), and naval forces in the geoscape phase of the game (such as heavy aircraft carrier/cruisers that can launch fighters and defenses against UFOs).

After many failed release date attempts, Chaos Concept decided to withdraw a release date from the game's completely, but have since changed announced a new released date of Q4 2013 and the game was re-titled as UFO2Extraterrestrials: Battle for Mercury. Estimated release dates ranged from 2014 to 2020. The game was eventually released on 15 June 2021.

References

External links

UFO: Extraterrestrials at MobyGames

2007 video games
Paradox Interactive games
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Tactical role-playing video games
Turn-based strategy video games
Turn-based tactics video games
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Video games developed in the Czech Republic
Video games with isometric graphics
Windows games
Windows-only games
Tri Synergy games

UFO: Extraterrestrials


इन्डक्टर छगू प्यासिभ इलेक्ट्रिकल कम्पोनेन्ट ख। थुकियात छगू सर्किटय्   इन्डक्टेन्स बीत डिजाइन याना तै।

Inductors store energy in a magnetic field created when an electric current flows through them.  They are usually implemented by some sort of coiled conductive winding.  The winding may surround a magnetic core, in which case it is called a ferromagnetic-core or iron-core inductor.  Large inductors used at low frequencies may have thousands of turns of wire around an iron core; however even a straight piece of wire (i.e., with turns and core reduced to zero) has significant inductance.

An "ideal inductor" has inductance, but no resistance or capacitance, and does not dissipate energy. A real inductor is equivalent to a combination of inductance, some resistance due to the resistivity of the wire, and some capacitance.  At some frequency, usually much higher than the working frequency, a real inductor behaves as a resonant circuit (due to its self capacitance).  In addition to dissipating energy in the resistance of the wire, magnetic core inductors may dissipate energy in the core due to hysteresis, and at high currents may show other departures from ideal behavior due to nonlinearity.

फिजिक्स

ओभरभ्यु
Inductance (L) (measured in henrys) is an effect, resulting from the magnetic field that forms around a current-carrying conductor that tends to resist changes in the current.  Electric current through the conductor creates a magnetic flux proportional to the current. A change in this current creates a change in magnetic flux that, in turn, by Faraday's law generates an electromotive force (EMF) that acts to oppose this change in current. Inductance is a measure of the amount of EMF generated for a unit change in current. For example, an inductor with an inductance of 1 henry produces an EMF of 1 volt when the current through the inductor changes at the rate of 1 ampere per second. The number of loops, the size of each loop, and the material it is wrapped around all affect the inductance. For example, the magnetic flux linking these turns can be increased by coiling the conductor around a material with a high permeability such as iron. This can increase the inductance by 2000 times, although less so at high frequencies.

हाइड्रौलिक मोडेल

Electric current can be modeled by the hydraulic analogy.  An inductor can be modeled by the flywheel effect of a heavy turbine rotated by the flow.  When water first starts to flow (current), the stationary turbine will cause an obstruction in the flow and high pressure (voltage) opposing the flow until it gets turning.  Once it is turning, if there is a sudden interruption of water flow the turbine will continue to turn by inertia, generating a high pressure to keep the flow moving. Magnetic interactions such as in transformers are not  modeled hydraulically.

एप्लिकेसनस्

Inductors are used extensively in analog circuits and signal processing.  Inductors in conjunction with capacitors and other components form tuned circuits which can emphasize or filter out specific signal frequencies. This can range from the use of large inductors as chokes in power supplies, which in conjunction with filter capacitors remove residual hum or other fluctuations from the direct current output, to such small inductances as generated by a ferrite bead or torus around a cable to prevent radio frequency interference from being transmitted down the wire. Smaller inductor/capacitor combinations provide tuned circuits used in radio reception and broadcasting, for instance.

Two (or more) inductors which have coupled magnetic flux form a transformer, which is a fundamental component of every electric utility power grid. The efficiency of a transformer may decrease as the frequency increases due to eddy currents in the core material and skin effect on the windings. Size of the core can be decreased at higher frequencies and, for this reason, aircraft use 400 hertz alternating current rather than the usual 50 or 60 hertz, allowing a great saving in weight from the use of smaller transformers.

An inductor is used as the energy storage device in some switched-mode power supplies. The inductor is energized for a specific fraction of the regulator's switching frequency, and de-energized for the remainder of the cycle. This energy transfer ratio determines the input-voltage to output-voltage ratio. This XL is used in complement with an active semiconductor device to maintain very accurate voltage control.

Inductors are also employed in electrical transmission systems, where they are used to depress voltages from lightning strikes and to limit switching currents and fault current. In this field, they are more commonly referred to as reactors.

As inductors tend to be larger and heavier than other components, their use has been reduced in modern equipment; solid state switching power supplies eliminate large transformers, for instance, and circuits are designed to use only small inductors, if any; larger values are simulated by use of gyrator circuits.

इन्डक्टर कन्स्ट्रक्सन

An inductor is usually constructed as a coil of conducting material, typically copper wire, wrapped around a core either of air or of ferromagnetic material. Core materials with a higher permeability than air increase the magnetic field and confine it closely to the inductor, thereby increasing the inductance.  Low frequency inductors are constructed like transformers, with cores of electrical steel laminated to prevent eddy currents.  'Soft' ferrites are widely used for cores above audio frequencies, since they don't cause the large energy losses at high frequencies that ordinary iron alloys do. This is because of their narrow hysteresis curves, and their high resistivity prevents eddy currents.  Inductors come in many shapes. Most are constructed as enamel coated wire wrapped around a ferrite bobbin with wire exposed on the outside, while some enclose the wire completely in ferrite and are called "shielded". Some inductors have an adjustable core, which enables changing of the inductance. Inductors used to block very high frequencies are sometimes made by stringing a ferrite cylinder or bead on a wire.

Small inductors can be etched directly onto a printed circuit board by laying out the trace in a spiral pattern. Some such planar inductors use a  planar core.

Small value inductors can also be built on integrated circuits using the same processes that are used to make transistors.  Aluminium interconnect is typically used, laid out in a spiral coil pattern. However, the small dimensions limit the inductance, and it is far more common to use a circuit called a "gyrator" which uses a capacitor and active components to behave similarly to an inductor.

इलेक्ट्रोनिक सर्किटय्

An inductor opposes changes in current. An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current; however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance.

In general, the relationship between the time-varying voltage v(t) across an inductor with inductance L and the time-varying current i(t) passing through it is described by the differential equation:

When there is a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) through an inductor, a sinusoidal voltage is induced.  The amplitude of the voltage is proportional to the product of the amplitude () of the current and the frequency ( f ) of the current.

In this situation, the phase of the current lags that of the voltage by 90 degrees. #

If an inductor is connected to a DC current source, with value I via a resistance, R, and then the current source short circuited, the differential relationship above shows that the current through the inductor will discharge with an exponential decay:

लाप्लास सर्किट एनालाइसिस (s-डोमोन)

When using the Laplace transform in circuit analysis, the transfer impedance of an ideal inductor with no initial current is represented in the s domain by:

 where
 L is the inductance, and
 s is the complex frequency

If the inductor does have initial current, it can be represented by:
 adding a voltage source in series with the inductor, having the value:

(Note that the source should have a polarity that opposes the initial current)
 or by adding a current source in parallel with the inductor, having the value:

 where
 L is the inductance, and
  is the initial current in the inductor.

 इन्डक्टर नेटवर्क

Inductors in a parallel configuration each have the same potential difference (voltage).  To find their total equivalent inductance (Leq):

The current through inductors in series stays the same, but the voltage across each inductor can be different.  The sum of the potential differences (voltage) is equal to the total voltage.  To find their total inductance:

These simple relationships hold true only when there is no mutual coupling of magnetic fields between individual inductors.

 स्टोर्ड इनर्जी

The energy (measured in joules, in SI) stored by an inductor is equal to the amount of work required to establish the current through the inductor, and therefore the magnetic field.  This is given by:

where L is inductance and I is the current through the inductor.

 RF पर्फर्मेन्स

Practical inductors have parasitic elements that degrade the performance at high frequencies.  The inductor wire has resistance which lowers the Q factor.  Capacitance between the windings changes the electrical performance near the self resonant frequency.

The inductor may be modeled at RF by an ideal inductor in series with a resistance with both in parallel with a capacitance.  Additional parasitics may be related to the specific inductor packaging. For example, the wire leads on an axial inductor may add additional inductance to the nominal inductor value.

 Q फ्याक्टर

An ideal inductor will be lossless irrespective of the amount of current through the winding. However, typically inductors have winding resistance from the metal wire forming the coils. Since the winding resistance appears as a resistance in series with the inductor, it is often called the series resistance. The inductor's series resistance converts electrical current through the coils into heat, thus causing a loss of inductive quality. The quality factor (or Q) of an inductor is the ratio of its inductive reactance to its resistance at a given frequency, and is a measure of its efficiency. The higher the Q factor of the inductor, the closer it approaches the behavior of an ideal, lossless, inductor.

The Q factor of an inductor can be found through the following formula, where R'' is its internal electrical resistance and  is capacitive or inductive reactance at resonance:

By using a ferromagnetic core, the inductance is greatly increased for the same amount of copper,  multiplying up the Q. Cores however also introduce losses that increase with frequency. A grade of core material is chosen for best results for the frequency band. At VHF or higher frequencies an air core is likely to be used.

Inductors wound around a ferromagnetic core may saturate at high currents, causing a dramatic decrease in inductance (and Q). This phenomenon can be avoided by using a (physically larger) air core inductor. A well designed air core inductor may have a Q of several hundred.

An almost ideal inductor (Q approaching infinity) can be created by immersing a coil made from a superconducting alloy in liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. This supercools the wire, causing its winding resistance to disappear. Because a superconducting inductor is virtually lossless, it can store a large amount of electrical energy within the surrounding magnetic field (see superconducting magnetic energy storage).

इन्डक्टेन्स फर्मुली

The table below lists some common formulae for calculating the theoretical inductance of several inductor constructions.

स्वयादिसँ
 इलेक्ट्रोनिक कम्पोनेन्ट
 क्यापासिटर
 रेजिस्टर
 मर्मिस्टर
 विद्युत
 इलेक्ट्रोनिक्स
 गाइरेटर
 इन्डक्टेन्स (including mutual inductance)
 इन्डक्सन कोइल
 इन्डक्सन कुकर
 इन्डक्सन लुप
 म्याग्नेटिक कोर
 स्याचुरेबल रियाक्टर
 ट्रान्सफर्मर
 रियाक्ट्यान्स (इलेक्ट्रोनिक्स)
 RL सर्किट
 RLC सर्किट

मेमेगु नां

 coil
 Choke (electronics)
 reactor

लिधंसा

पिनेया स्वापू

 साधारण
 How stuff works The initial concept, made very simple
 Capacitance and Inductance - A chapter from an online textbook
 Spiral inductor models. Good article on inductor characteristics and modeling.
 Online coil inductance calculator.  Online calculator calculates the inductance of conventional and toroidal coils using formulas 3, 4, 5, and 6, above.
 AC circuits
 - Understanding coils and transforms
  - Circuit Schematic Symbols

इलेक्ट्रोम्याग्नेटिक कम्पोनेन्ट
Energy storage
प्रविधि

इन्डक्टर


Guardians of Ga'Hoole ialah sebuah siri buku fantasi karya Kathryn Lasky dan diterbitkan oleh Scholastic. Siri ini yang tamat pada 2008 dengan penerbitan The War of the Ember keseluruhannya mengandungi 15 buah buku. Selain daripada siri utama, terdapat beberapa buah buku lagi dan keluaran sampingan yang diset dalam dunia sama. Tiga judul pertama siri ini telah dijadikan filem animasi 3-D Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, arahan Zack Snyder.

Cerita
Siri ini mengikuti pengembaraan Soren, seekor Burung Hantu Kubur muda tetapi kemudiannya mengikuti Coryn, seekor burung hantu kubur yang bersaudara dengan Soren.

Dalam judul pertama Soren, yang tinggal dalam sarang bersama ibu bapa dan adik-beradiknya Kludd dan Eglantine dalam sebuah kerajaan hutan bernama Tyto, ditolak keluar dari sarang oleh Kludd. Soren kemudiannya dicari lalu dirampas oleh burung hantu peronda jahat dari St. Aegolius Academy for Orphaned Owls (Akademi St. Aegolius untuk Burung Hantu Yatim), yang tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan kuasa dengan zarah kecil yang dikenali sebagai serpihan dan pemerintahan terhadap semua kerajaan burung hantu dunia.

Di St. Aggie, Soren dan anak burung hantu lain are oppressed burung hantu Skench dan Spoorn dan pengikut mereka. In order to keep the orphaned owlets from rebelling, mereka diberi new number designations dan are "moon blinked", suatu teknik mencuci otak caused by marching under the light of the full moon dan mengulangi nama sebenar mereka tanpa henti to forget them so as to lose sense of self dan will. Tambahan pula, burung hantu owls offer themselves up to vampire bats who drink their blood pada malam tertentu. This lessens the urge to use their wings dan renders them flightless, thus mengurangkan kadar percubaan pelarian.

While at St Aggie's, the owlets are forced to pick apart pellets for mysterious magnetic particles called "flecks".

Soren befriends a young Elf Owl bernama Gylfie (dari kerajaan padang pasir Kuneer), like him, is resistant to the moon-blinking, dan together they plot both to discover as much as possible about the true purpose behind St. Aggie's dan to escape.

The two also befriend a Spotted Owl bernama Hortense (dari kerajaan hutan bernama Ambala), whose small stature dan maturity (despite being four years old, she still resembles an owlet) enables her to resist moon-blinking dan rescue snatched eggs from suffering the same fate as the other students. She is eventually found out dan is seemingly killed by being thrown off of a cliff by St. Aegolius's Pit guardian, Finny.

Soren dan Gylfie, however, manage to avoid being found out, learn to fly with the help of an adult imperfectly moon-blinked mentor bernama Grimble, dan melarikan diri dengan bantuan Grimble.  Grimble dibunuh pada malam Soren dan Gylfie melarikan diri. Soon they then meet Twilight, seekor Great Grey Owl yatim dan a self-appointed graduate of the "Orphan School of Tough Learning", Digger, a Burrowing Owl, yang kehilangan keluarganya kepada St. Aggie's marauders dan is extremely sensitive dan philosophical, dan Mrs. Plithiver, ular bekas pembantu sarang buta Soren. With the help of Hortenses's two friends, bald eagles bernama Streak dan Zan, they kill two of St. Aggie's patrols, the cousins Jatt dan Jutt. Keempat-empat burung hantu form a band dan fly away in search of the Great Ga'Hoole Tree, where legend says the great knight-owls live who are dedicated to doing good works.

Buku kedua tells of the four's journey dan discovery of the Great Ga'Hoole Tree. There they meet Ezylryb, the grizzled old Whiskered Screech Owl who becomes Soren's mentor, Martin, a tiny Northern Saw-whet Owl with extraordinary intuition, Ruby, a Short-eared Owl with incredible flying skills, dan Otulissa, a pedantic bookworm Spotted Owl who idolizes Strix Struma, seasoned leader of the weather strikers. Later on, she joins "The Band" (Soren, Gylfie, Digger dan Twilight), as they are called by many, on their many adventures.

There is an incident where the Pure One's young recruits are leaving behind their captive young owls, Soren's sister Eglantine among them. Soren's mentor, Ezylyrb, suddenly disappears dan Soren sets off to rescue him. Kludd, his mate Nyra, dan the Pure Ones besiege dan attack the Great Ga'Hoole Tree. Soren pentrates into St. Aggie's dan finds the magnetic principles behind flecks (as well as the flecks' ability to inflict pain upon owls). He discovers that Hortense was not killed, but is now working with the Bald Eagles Streak dan Zan. The Pure Ones are an evil group of owls consisting only of owls from the Tyto family, with Barn Owls being the highest ranked dan Sooty Owls being the lowest.

In the middle of the war, Eglantine gets fleck-brainwashed by Kludd, also known as High Tyto dan Metal Beak, into thinking that her mother is alive dan the family will reunite dan becomes his spy. Eglantine behaves strangely dan Soren dan his friends vow to find out what is wrong with Eglantine. After consulting with her best friend Primrose, they presume to be from the Northern Kingdoms leading a battalion, dan in the confusion, smash Kludd dan Nyra's egg (which was set to hatch during the coming eclipse dan fulfill a prophecy of evil or good). Kludd continues to battle against the Guardians of Ga'Hoole for control of their tree.

Soren dan the rest of The Band are then sent to the mysterious (dan cold) Northern Kingdoms to gather allies dan learn the art of war in preparation for the coming battle against the Pure Ones. After adventures with the monks dan recruiting people, Gylfie is kidnapped by pirates dan later rescued. Afterward, a great battle is fought in which Twilight impales Kludd with an Ice sword, killing him instantly, dan Kludd's only egg, Nyroc, hatches on the eclipse.

Kludd's mate Nyra trains Nyroc, who later changes his name to Coryn. Soren later tells Coryn the truth about his father, but Nyra continues to tell false stories of glory dan a certain hate for Soren into Nyroc's small mind. Nyroc is a great student of the evil arts; evil grows in his heart, fed by Nyra's tales of false glory dan power. But his friend Phillip, also known as Dustytuft, has told him of legends dan strange news of a place where good owls retaliate. He summons all his courage to defy his mother dan flees, haunted by the scroom of his dead father. Nyroc later exiles himself from the Pure Ones. To prove himself to the Guardians of Ga'Hoole, Coryn ventures to Beyond the Beyond: A barren dan rocky landscape inhabited by dire wolves. Nyra finds him there dan tries to stop him from obtaining the Ember of Hoole but Uglamore, a former Pure One lieutenant who deserted the Pure Ones sacrifices himself to save Coryn. Boron, the king, dan his mate, Barran die before Coryn arrives at the tree dan Coryn is made the new king. When Ezylryb is about to die, he tells Soren dan the young king Coryn to read the Legends of Hoole hidden in his private library. Shortly after Soren dan Coryn finished reading the legends, a golden age begins dawning at the Great Tree. Meanwhile Coryn, haunted by the suspicion that haggish blood flows in his veins, hunts for the truth.

His wanderings imperil himself dan the Guardians who travel with him as they discover a mysterious "Sixth Kingdom" where blue owls live. The blue "dragon owl" known as the Striga, who had aided the Guardians in the Middle Kingdom, betrayed dan entranced Coryn. The band is exiled (through creating malicious rumors about them) dan the Striga starts gaining power. Buku dibakar, dan fear is rampant throughout the owl kingdoms. There is a battle that takes place between the Blue Brigade (the Striga's followers) dan the Guardians of Ga'Hoole. Otulissa loses an eye, dan dilawat Cleve (a doctor from the Northern Kingdoms with whom she has a crush on). With his firesight, Coryn melihat ibu jahatnya, Nyra dan the Striga somewhere in the Northern Kingdoms, plotting their attack against the Ga'Hoolian owls in order to take power of the Ember of Hoole. An ancient evil awakens in the deep ice caves of the northern kingdoms. Nyra teams up with the Striga to create an army of hagsfiends dan take over the owl world, while Coryn dan the band form an army against Nyra dan the Striga, consisting of seagulls, owls, wolves, polar bears, dan puffins. Along the way, Twilight discovers his two lost brothers.

In the final battle of the War of the Ember, Coryn returns the Ember to the volcano from which he had retrieved it dan uses a decoy to lure Nyra, who has now turned into a hagsfiend, dan the Striga to the rim of a volcano. Distracted by the decoy ember, Soren plunges an ice spinter into Nyra's heart dan she dies. The Striga fatally wounds Coryn by slicing off his wing. He soon dies from blood loss, but not before Soren slices off the Striga's head with the battle claws of Ezylryb. A new constellation in the shape of Coryn's face (without the scar Nyra gave him) appears in the sky dan Soren is made the new king of the Great Ga'Hoole Tree, though unembered.

Buku dalam siri

Judul utama
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 1: The Capture (2002)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 2: The Journey (2003)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 3: The Rescue (2004)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 4: The Siege (2004)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 5: The Shattering (2004)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 6: The Burning (2004)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 7: The Hatchling (2005)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 8: The Outcast (2005)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 9: The First Collier* (2006)
Gaurdians of Ga'Hoole Book 10: The Coming of Hoole* (2006)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 11: To Be a King* (2006)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 12: The Golden Tree (2007)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 13: The River of Wind (2007)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 14: Exile (2007)
Guardians of Ga'Hoole Book 15: The War of the Ember (2008)
* From the Legends of Ga'Hoole

Buku sampingan
Guardians of Ga'Hoole: A Guide Book to the Great Tree
Guardians of Ga'Hoole: Lost Tales of Ga'Hoole
Wolves of the Beyond #1: Lone Wolf
Wolves of the Beyond #2: Shadow Wolf
Wolves of the Beyond #3: Gnaw WolfFilem
Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole [3 buku pertama]

WatakSoren: Seekor burung hantu kubur, Soren adalah protagonis utama siri. Beliau mempunyai dua adik-beradik: Kludd dan Eglantine. Kekasihnya adalah Pellimore; mereka mempunyai tiga ekor anak: Blythe, Bash dan Bell. Kludd : Abang kepada Soren. He is a large, brutal Barn owl dan, for a time, ketua Pure Ones. Beliau dibunuh Twilight in Book 6.Eglantine: Kakak muda Soren, she has been captured by Kludd after her parents death dan has been "shattered" twice by the Pure Ones Gylfie: Kawan akrab Soren, she met him in St.Aegolius canyons. She is an Elf Owl.Twilight: Seekor Great Grey owl yatim, he has lived his entire life with no family. He was raised by various creatures, including foxes.  Twilight found his two brothers Tavis dan Cleavus in book 15.Digger: A Burrowing owl, keluarganya telah dibunuh dan dimakan Jutt dan Jatt (agen St. Aegolius).Otulissa: Know-it-all Spotted owl, ahli Chaw of Chaws.Grimble: An improperly "moonblinked" Boreal owl, beliau ditangkap Skench dan Spoorn because of his fighting skills. Beliau dibunuh Skench pada akhir The Capture sebab mengajar Gylfie dan Soren cara terbang, which led to their escape from St. Aegolius School for Orphaned Owls.Spoorn: First lieutenant to Skench.Auntie: A Snowy owl, also known as Finny, she was Soren's pit guardian while he was in St. Aegolius. She is a egg eater dan also supposedly killed Hortense.Unk: A Great Horned Owl, Unk was Gylfie's pit guardian during her stay at St. Aegolius.Hortense: Later known as Mist, Hortense is a small spotted owl who has handicapped wings. She is a "Slipgizzle" for the Ga'Hoole tree.Zan: An eagle, mate of Streak, Zan is a friend of Hortense. Had her tongue ripped out by Auntie.Streak: An eagle who is the mate of Zan.Pellimore: Kekasih Soren. She has three owlets with him. Pelli seems like a very kind owl to all.Blythe: – Burung Hantu Kubur betina. The eldest daughter of Soren dan Pellimore. An excellent singer dan is also quite smart.Bash: – Burung Hantu Kubur betina. The second daughter of Soren dan Pellimore.Bell: – Burung Hantu Kubur betina. The youngest daughter of Soren dan Pellimore. She once trusted the Striga after he rescued her.Nyroc: Juga dikenali sebagai Coryn, Nyroc is Nyra dan Kludd's son. He defies his parents' ways dan later becomes the King of the Ga'Hoole treeDustytuft: Also called Phillip by Nyroc. He is one of Nyroc's friends. Killed by Nyra. The Rogue Smith of Silverveil (Aka: Thora Plonk): The sister of Madame Plonk. She is killed  by Nyra.Madame Plonk: The sister of the Rogue Smith of Silverveil, she sings for the Great Ga' hoole tree.Ezylryb: Seekor Whiskered Screech Owl tua dari kerajaan utara, he was a talented warrior dan later became a ryb at the Ga' Hoole Tree. Nama sebenarnya Lyze of Kiel dan beliau telah menjadi burung hantu terkenal in both the northern dan southern kingdoms.Octavia: Ular pembantu sarang/ Kielian snake of both Ezylryb dan Madame Plonk, she lost her eyes in a battle.Mrs. Plithiver: Bekas pembantu sarang keluarga Soren; now a member of the harp guild at the Great Ga'Hoole tree.Primrose: Pygmy Owl, kawan akrab Eglantine.Simon: Seekor burung hantu penghijrah Glauxian Brothers of the Northern Kingdoms, dibunuh Kludd after rescuing him from certain death.Nyra: Kekasih Kludd, becomes leader of the Pure Ones after his death dan turns into a haggish creature. Boron: A Snowy Owl, King of the great Ga'Hoole tree. Dies when Coryn retrieves the ember. Barran: A Snowy Owl, Queen of the great Ga'Hoole tree. Dies when Coryn retrieves the ember.Bubo: A Great Horned Owl, Blacksmith of the Ga'Hoole tree.Dewlap: The Ga'Hoolology ryb at the Ga'Hoole tree; betrayed the tree during the siege by the Pure Ones. Gets taken to the Glauxian sisters' retreat to live out her days.             Strix Struma: the navigation ryb at the Ga'Hoole tree; killed during the siege of the tree.Ruby: short-eared owl, excellent flier dan member of the Chaw of ChawsGinger: burung hantu kubur, one of the Pure Ones, she shattered Eglantine.Martin: northern saw-whet owl, intuitive dan member of the Chaw of Chaws.Gwyndor: masked owl a Rougue smith summoned by the Pure Ones for a ceremony on Kludd's (Metal Beak) bones.  Killed in the War of the Ember.Tengshu:' the sage of the jouzhen kingdom

Rujukan

Pautan luar
Laman Rasmi Kathryn Lasky
Laman Rasmi Guardians of Ga'Hoole
Noble Guardians of Ga'Hoole

Siri novel
Novel oleh Kathryn Lasky
Burung hantu cereka
Guardians of Ga'Hoole

Guardians of Ga'Hoole


Suwon is a large city in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

History
Suwon became a big city because of King Jeongjo of Joseon. He wanted to make Suwon the capital after he moved his father's tomb. Suwon's Hwaseong Fortress was also built then. Hwaseong has great value because some machines were used to build it. Jeong Yagyong, a great mechanic and scholar, made pulleys named Geojunggi and Nokro, which were used.

In ancient tribal times, Suwon was known as Mosu-guk (Korean : 모수국) of Mahan confederacy. During the Proto–Three Kingdoms period era, however, the area comprising modern Suwon and Hwaseong City was called Maehol-gun (매홀군). In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of the Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun (수성군).

Geography
Suwon is in the north-west of South Korea near Seoul, so Suwon is developed. In Suwon there are some small mountains like Gwanggyosan and Chilbosan.

Government
Suwon's mayor is Yeom Tae-Yeong.  The deputy mayors are Jeon Taeheon and Lee Jaejun. Suwon has four districts: Jangan-gu, Paldal-gu, Gwonseon-gu and Yeongtong-gu.

People
There are 1,201,564 people living in Suwon including foreigners.

Symbols
Suwon's symbol is Hwaseong's main gate. Suwon's official flower is the royal azalea, and Suwon's slogan is "We welcome people. Human city, Suwon." (Korean: 사람이 반갑습니다. 휴먼시티 수원.)

Sport
Suwon Samsung Bluewings is Suwon's soccer team. They play soccer in the K League. Their stadium is Suwon World Cup Stadium. It is the biggest soccer stadium in Suwon.

Transport
Suwon has two bus terminals: Suwon Bus Terminal and West Suwon Bus Terminal. The Gyeongbu and Yeongdong Expressways pass through Suwon, and the Gyeongbu railroad line, Seoul Subway Line 1, and the Bundang Line also pass through Suwon.

Food
Suwon galbi (beef ribs) is Suwon's special food. It is expensive but popular.

References

Cities in South Korea

Suwon


Italian unification (), also known as the Risorgimento (meaning "the Resurgence"), refers to the Italian movement that united the Italian states in the 19th century. The movement began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna. It ended in 1871, when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy by the efforts of Count of Cavour, the prime minister of Piedmont, and Giuseppe Garibaldi, an Italian national hero who united southern Italy. That allowed King Victor Emmanuel II to become the first king of Italy.

Napoléon's defeat of Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte invaded Italy in 1796 and later controlled it. When he was defeated in 1815, at the Battle of Waterloo, the free states could now join together.

The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) restored the prewar ancien régime. The Austrian Empire, ruled by the Habsburgs, controlled most of Italy.

Conquest of Sardinia

Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont-Sardinia had a great vision of a unified Italy. He wanted Piedmont-Sardinia to be a model for the unification of Italy. To do so, he started many public works, projects, and political reforms. Piedmont-Sardinia was soon recognized as an emerging power. The next step for its conquest was to get Austria out of the Italian Peninsula.

With the Crimean War breaking out between France and Britain on one side, and Russia on the other, Piedmont-Sardinia had a chance to earn some respect and to make a name for itself. Britain and France proved victorious, and Sardinia was able to attend the peace conference. As a result, Piedmont-Sardinia gained the support of French Emperor Napoléon III.

War against Austria
In 1858, Sardinia and France secretly plotted a plan of attack against Austria. The following year, Sardinia put its plan into action. Instead of attacking, Sardinia encouraged nationalist revolts in the Austrian-held territories in Italy to provoke Austria into starting the war.  Following the Battles of Magenta and Solferino, France drove Austria out of Lombardy, but Austria still held onto Venetia.

France then dropped out of the war, since it feared that a unified Italy might be a threat and realized that the Austrian strength would eventually crush the French. That ended the war, with Austria keeping Venetia.

Completion of unification
Meanwhile, the Italian nationalist Giuseppe Garibaldi led a nationalist uprising to join the states and territories into one republic. As Sardinia ended the war, Garibaldi gave it most of the provinces. In March 1861, a parliament of all of Italy except Rome and Venetia agreed to unify Italy with Victor Emmanuel II as its first king. When Prussia defeated Austria in a war in 1866, Italy struck a deal with Berlin to force Vienna to turn over Venetia, which left Rome as the last Italian city not yet added.

Franco-Prussian War
Because of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, France sent its army away from Rome. Without protection, the Pope could not resist, and Rome finally became the capital of Italy.

Related pages
 Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
 German unification

References

Other websites

 The Risorgimento: A Time for Reunification
 Women of the Risorgimento
 Garibaldi & The Risorgimento
 Cavour and the Unification of Italy
https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/1871/section3/

 In the sign of the tricolour: Italians and Hungarians in the Risorgimento

History of Austria
History of Hungary
19th century in Italy
Nationalism

Italian unification


The Plymouth GTX wis introduced as the Belvedere GTX in 1967 bi the Plymouth division o Chrysler tae be a "gentleman's" muscle caur.

1967

It wis tae be an exceptional blend o style an performance. What differentiated it frae a normal Belvedere wis its special grille an rear fascia, shared wi the Satellite, as well as mock huid scoops, chrome "pit stop" fuel filler cap an optional racin stripes. For the performance aspect o the vehicle, a hivy duty suspension seestem wis made standard. Standard too wis Plymouth's 440 cu in (7.2 L)V8 cried the "Super Commando 440". The ingine wis ratit at 375 hp (280 kW). Buyers in 1967 coud pey an extra US$546 an replace the 440 wi Chrysler's 426 cu in (7 L) Hemi. The 426 wis nicknamed the "Elephant."

1968

In 1968, efter ane year o production, the GTX wis gien a completely new leuk. A new oor gless body replaced the mair box lik body o 1967. The Road Runner wis introduced bi Plymouth as a performance version o the Belvedere. Thare wur major changes made in the design o aw the Plymouth B-bodies. The Road Runner's base ingine wis the new 383 cu in (6.3 L) "Super Commando" V8 (renamed the "Road Runner 383"), while the hicht performance 440 wis still standard in the GTX. The TorqueFlite automatic transmission wis standard on the GTX, wi it bein a US$206 option in the Road Runner. The GTX wis still based on the Satellite an wis offered in twa models, the 2-door convertible an the 2-door hardtop.  The Road Runner wis based on the Belvedere, an haed less insulation an comfort items (paddin, vinyl ruif, trim), which reduced wecht, helped produce better track times, an kept it in the loa price field.

1969
In 1969, the GTX's sales wur hurt when the Road Runner wis an aa offered in a convertible body style. The GTX received minor cosmetic changes, as well as the introduction o the optional Air Grabber huid (standard on Hemi-ingined models), which made the huid scoops functional. The standard 440 V8 wis still rated at 375 hp (280 kW). The 69 GTX wis the last year that the convertible model wis available on the GTX (VIN RS27). Chrysler Corporation anerlie made 701 GTX convertibles in 1969. O those, elieven wur equipped wi the 426 Hemi; fower 4-speeds an seiven TorqueFlite automatics.

The 1969 GTX an aa haed standard black lawer body side paint, replacin the dual, horizontal "racin" stripe on the lawer sides o the 1968 model.

1970
The 1970 GTX received a major redesign but sales still suffered. Stylists made the lines smoother, an a "pouer bulge" huid wis introduced, as well as nan-functional rear brake air scoops. The convertible model wis dropped in 1970.  The Air Grabber huid wis brocht back, but instead o haein twa narrow openins runnin lenth-wise as in 1969, it haed ane openin scoop locatit on the pouer bulge. The GTX wis available wi the standard 440 4 barrel, as well as the 440+6 barrel (three twa barrel carburetors) an the 426 Hemi. The 440+6 coud compete closely wi the Hemi, up tae hieway speeds.  In keepin wi the GTX marketin strategy, the 1970 model includit mony standard features.  The anerlie ither Plymouth luxury/performance model wis the full-size Sport Fury GT, biggit on the C-Body platform.  The GT wis addit tae the lineup in 1970.  The GT received naewhere near the recognition o the GTX, even tho thay shared mony performance features. The Sport Fury GT wis the full-size member o The Rapid Transit seestem. The Sport Fury GT wis aften viewed as mair o a mature gentleman's performance luxury caur.

1971

Tho completely redesigned for 1971, this wis the final year for the GTX as a staund-alane model wi anerlie a manual transmission. Ingine choices wur 440 fower-barrel, 440 wi three twa-barrels (Sax Pack) , an 426 Hemi. Emission restrictions sic as lawer compression ratios an faster-actin choke operation lowered the base 440 output bi 5 hp (3.7 kW), tae 370 hp (280 kW). The 440 Sax Pack wis doun tae 370 hp (280 kW), but the Hemi wis still rated at 425 hp (317 kW).  Due partly tae risin insurance rates on muscle caurs, sales wur law.  Thare wur less nor 3000 units produced in '71. For 1972 throu 1974 the GTX became an option package on the Road Runner.

External links

Classic GTX
Plymouth GTX
1970 Plymouth GTX site
Plymouth GTX Resources

GTX
Muscle caurs
Rear wheel drive vehicles
Convertibles
Coupes
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles

Plymouth GTX


Shootout, also known as Sunday Morning Shootout, was a talk and interview program produced by the cable television network AMC. The episodes first aired on AMC on Sunday mornings, before being rerun and syndicated to other networks (under the title Hollywood Shootout).

The show debuted on October 12, 2003. It was hosted by Peter Bart (a film producer and editor-in-chief of Variety) and film producer and former film studio president Peter Guber.

Each half-hour episode usually had two segments; one in which Guber and Bart discussed various topics in the film industry, and one where they jointly interviewed that week's guest(s).

On December 16, 2008, Bart wrote in his blog on the Variety website that Shootout "will now migrate to a different time and different neighborhood." The last show episode at its regular timeslot was December 21, 2008.

Bart and Guber returned to AMC on February 13, 2009 with Storymakers, which was similar to Shootout, but airing in primetime, albeit infrequently (another episode aired on May 15, 2009).

In 2010, Bart and Guber co-hosted In the House, a similar interview series airing on Encore.

References

External links

2003 American television series debuts
2000s American television talk shows
AMC (TV channel) original programming
2008 American television series endings
English-language television shows

Shootout (TV series)


Lava pillars are common within collapsed sheet flow terrain. Lava pillars are hollow inside forming a pipe-like channel between the bottom and the top of a lava flow. They sometimes coalesce to form walls or can be attached to other pillars by natural bridges.

Lava pillars originate as gaps between lava lobes as a lava flow initially advances. Water that is trapped beneath the flow is heated and channeled upward through these gaps. This cold water promotes rapid growth of the lava crust around the gaps.  Then during flow inflation the hollow pillars continue to act as escape-routes for seawater trapped beneath the lava flow, and so the gaps between lobes grow upwards into pipe-like pillars. The height of the lava pillars is a measure of the maximum thickness the lava flow attained. After lava inflation ends and the eruption wanes, the molten interior of the sheet flow typically subsides leaving a series of "bathtub rings" along the sides of the pillars. These rings are formed as the crust on the subsiding lava repeatedly adheres to and then breaks off from the pillar's sides.

Lava pillars may continue to act as fluid conduits for years after an eruption. In uncollapsed lobate terrain, diffuse hydrothermal venting is typically focused in the depressions within the lobate lavas, which are probably underlain by pillars. Circ Vent is one example of this vent style, and is but one of dozens of similar vents within the same lobate terrain near the eastern edge of the flow from the Axial Seamount eruption in January 1998. Lava pillars exposed within collapse areas are visible in the Rumble and Marker 33 areas.

See also
 Lava
 Lava flow

References
 Submarine lava-flow inflation: A model for the formation of lava pillars, Geology, November 1996
 Lava Pillars, from NeMo Online (undersea observatory)
 Lava Pillar formation, from NeMo

Volcanology
Igneous rocks

Lava pillars


Freddy Keiaho, born Naivote Taulawakeiaho, (born) December 18, 1982) is a Fijian former professional American football linebacker. He played college football for the San Diego State University Aztecs, and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He was a part of the Colts' Super Bowl XLI victory against the Chicago Bears. He joined the Jacksonville Jaguars in the 2010 season.

Early life
Keiaho was born Naivote Taulawakeiaho in Suva, Fiji. He grew up in Ventura, California and played high school football for Buena High School, where he was a star athlete. Freddy's older brother, George, was a star running back at Buena High School, rushing for 6,615 yards from 1990 to 1993 before accepting a scholarship to Washington and later attending California Lutheran University. His other older brother, Roger Keiaho, is the lead singer of the rock band Rey Fresco.

Football career
Keiaho attended San Diego State University, where he played for the San Diego State Aztecs football team. He was drafted into the National Football League in 2006, being picked up by the Indianapolis Colts in the third round of the 2006 NFL Draft. As such he became the first Fijian ever drafted into the NFL. He played with the Colts for four seasons, 2006–2009. In 2010, he was signed by the Jacksonville Jaguars.  After spending most of the 2010 season on injured reserve, he was released with an injury settlement in December 2010.

References

External links
Indianapolis Colts bio
San Diego State Aztecs bio

1982 births
Living people
I-Taukei Fijian people
American people of I-Taukei Fijian descent
Players of American football from Ventura, California
Fijian players of American football
American football linebackers
San Diego State Aztecs football players
Indianapolis Colts players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Fijian emigrants to the United States
Fijian American

Freddy Keiaho


The Book of Proverbs is a book in both the Tanakh (Judaism), and the Old Testament (Christianity). The book contains some important teaching and instructions in each of these respective Religions.  While some verses teach duty to God, many can be seen as good advice.  Even nonreligious persons may find this advice to be useful.

Author

Most scholars believe that Solomon was the writer of at least part of the book. Other authors are mentioned as well, but these references are  missing in the Greek Septuagint. The Septuagint sees  King Solomon as the author of the whole Book of Proverbs. In the Middle Ages, scholars thought the Vulgate was a more faithful rendering of 30:1 and 31:1. In their eyes the words "Agur" and "Lamuel" were only other names for Solomon.

When it was Written
Dates for the writing of the book are unclear. Because of suggested authorship of Solomon, and the workings of Hezekiah's men, there are some dates that can be worked with. However, there are not enough to give specific timing to the completion of the book, though it could have been as late as third century BC

Content

The first part of the book (Chapters 1-10) is mainly praise for Wisdom. Wisdom is personified as a woman.  This does not mean that an actual person is spoken of.  Christians believe that Jesus is the person who most shows the wisdom of God. (Colossians 2:3).  Some of the attributes of Jesus are said to be found in the "Wisdom" of the Book of Proverbs. This first section also advises young men not to go to prostitutes.

The center part of the book (Chapters 10-29) contains many "stand alone" verses.  These are in the form of Hebrew Poetry.  Each verse has two parts.  The second part may give the opposite side of some advice, such as "Hard workers get rich, lazy people become poor".  In other cases the two halves repeat the same idea again, but in different words.

The final chapter is a famous poem of praise to "a virtuous woman".  This chapter was from "King Lemuel", but was taught him by his mother.  It is one of the few parts of the Bible which has a female author.

References

Other websites
The Book of Proverbs (King James Version)
The Book of Proverbs (New International Version)

Old Testament books
Books of the Hebrew Bible
8th-century BC books

Book of Proverbs


A by-product is something that is made or produced while a product is manufactured in a factory. Usually, the by-product is not used, and it becomes waste that is put in a landfill or garbage dump. Sometimes by-products are toxic materials which are dangerous to humans, animals, and plants.

Some companies are trying to find ways to reuse or recycle the by-products, instead of putting them into landfill or garbage dumps as waste.

Animal by-products are produced by slaughterhouses (places designed to kill animals for food). Animal by-products are the parts of the animals that cannot be eaten by humans. Animal by-products are sometimes included in non-human foods, such as pet food or animal feed (for farm animals).

Waste

By-product


A neurotoxin is a toxin that acts specifically on nerve cells – neurons – usually by interacting with membrane proteins and ion channels.

Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins. A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly. The venom of bees, scorpions, pufferfish, spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins. Many neurotoxins act by affecting voltage-dependent ion channels.

A man named Clairvius Narcisse was dead and came back to life again because the locals used neurotoxin on him to bring him back to life. He was buried in Haiti in 1964.

Physiology

Neurotoxin


Economic nationalism is the idea that a state should have control over its economy, labour and how capital is formed. In most cases, this includes taxation of imports. In many cases, economic nationalism is the opposite of globalization, or it questions the use of free trade without restrictions.

Economic policy
Nationalism

Economic nationalism


Metastability has slightly different meanings in different fields of knowledge. The general idea, however, is that something is metastable if it is not changing, yet given a small force ("nudge") it will transition to another, more stable state.

For example, a block is sitting on a slope (an "inclined plane"). It keeps sitting there until it is nudged, or the slope is gently struck, setting up vibrations. Then the block starts to slide. At that point it keeps sliding until it reaches the bottom. The block sitting at the bottom is stable. The block sitting on the slope but not moving is metastable. And the block as it is moving is unstable.

A real life example of this is an avalanche of snow. The avalanche is unstable (the snow is sliding down the mountainside). When the avalanche is over the snow is stable. Before the avalanche starts, the snow is metastable, since some small perturbation is enough to cause it to lose what might have seemed to be stability, but in fact was only metastability.

Chemistry
Physics

Metastability


The rate equation (or rate law) is an equation used to calculate the speed of a chemical reaction (or rate of reaction). For a general reaction , the rate equation is:

Here, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of A and B. x and y depend on which step is rate-determining. If the reaction mechanism is a very simple one, where A and B hit each other and then go to products through one transition state, then x=a and y=b. k is the rate constant of the reaction. This changes with temperature, pressure and other conditions.

The rate equation is a differential equation. If it is integrated, then an equation which tells how the concentration of reagents and products changes with time is found.

In special cases, it is very easy to solve the equation and find k. For example, in a first-order reaction the equation is:

Integrating gives:

So, a plot of   against time t gives a straight line with a slope of .

Sometimes, experiments can be made so that the reaction looks like a first-order one. If the concentration of one reagent is kept at the same high value then it can be thought of as a constant. The equation becomes  where k' is the pseudo-first order rate constant. Then the method above can be used to calculate k'.

Reference

Chemical kinetics

Rate equation


Carl Thomas Anderson (February 14, 1865 – November 4, 1948) was an American cartoonist best remembered for his comic strip Henry. Readers followed the pantomime adventures of the mute, bald-headed Henry in strips which he signed with his familiar signature displaying an enlarged "S": Carl AnderSon.

Biography

Early life
Carl Thomas Anderson was born in Madison, Wisconsin, the son of Norwegian immigrants. Anderson initially worked in his father's planing mill in Des Moines, Iowa, where he developed carpentry skills, became a cabinetmaker, and invented a patented folding desk, which is still being manufactured today. Near the end of the 19th century, he traveled the United States, drifting to Omaha, San Francisco, and Seattle, where he worked until the city's 1889 fire.

From cabinets to cartoons

At the age of 25, he developed a strong interest in drawing and went to Philadelphia because the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art was the only school he found specifically advertising a pen-and-ink course, where he graduated in 1893. In 1894, his first art job was with the Philadelphia Times, where he earned $12 a week drawing fashion illustrations.

He was hired by Arthur Brisbane for Joseph Pulitzer's New York World at the end of the 1890s. His strip The Filipino and the Chick ran on the Sunday page of the World, attracting the attention of William Randolph Hearst, who offered more money at his New York Journal. For Hearst, Anderson created Raffles and Bunny, and for the McClure Syndicate in 1903 he drew Herr Spiegelberger, the Amateur Cracksman.

Since these strips received only a mild reaction from readers, Anderson began freelancing for Judge, Life, and Puck. With the Great Depression looming and his markets diminishing, Anderson was 65 years old when he left New York in 1930, returning to Madison to care for his dying father. Anderson lived in Madison with his three sisters in the house his father built at 834 Prospect Place near Lake Mendota, and he resumed his earlier trade as a cabinetmaker while teaching night classes.

He also taught through his mail order cartoon course from "The Carl Anderson School, Madison, Wis." Small ads in 1930 issues of Popular Mechanics announced:

Henry begins

In 1932, he sold his first Henry cartoon to The Saturday Evening Post for $50, and it became a regular weekly feature in that magazine. As interest in the character increased, Anderson began to receive fan mail, and his cartoons were reprinted in foreign publications. Hearst was traveling in Germany in 1934 when he saw Henry in the Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung. He sent a cablegram to his syndicate chief, Joseph Vincent Connolly, that simply read, "Get Henry." Connolly took the next train to Madison, where he signed Anderson for King Features Syndicate. Within months, Henry was being published in 50 American newspapers, including 15 Hearst papers. Anderson continued to work on the strip until arthritis made him retire in January 1942. Anderson died at the Edgewater Hotel in Madison at age 83 in 1948. The strip continued with other artists, finally being discontinued on October 28, 2018, a week short of the seventieth anniversary of its creator's death.

Books
In 1934, the first Henry book was published featuring 60 cartoons from The Saturday Evening Post. Anderson followed with How to Draw Cartoons Successfully, published by Greenberg in 1935.

References

Sources
Rath, Jay. "Silents, Please! The Unspeakable Greatness of Carl Anderson's 'Henry.'" Nemo, the Classic Comics Library #26, (Sept. 1987): 42‑52.
Strickler, Dave. Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995: The Complete Index. Cambria, California: Comics Access, 1995. .

External links
Henry: The Saturday Evening Post years
Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum Art Database

1865 births
1948 deaths
American comic strip cartoonists
American people of Norwegian descent
Artists from Milwaukee
Artists from Madison, Wisconsin

Carl Thomas Anderson


The Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002 (SLOC) was the organization responsible for the 2002 Winter Olympics and 2002 Winter Paralympics in Salt Lake City, USA. The SLOC secured their bid for the 2002 Olympic Games in 1995.  After the SLOC was exposed to be in disarray in the ensuing years, Mitt Romney was hired in 1999 to turn around the failing organization.  Under Romney's leadership, the SLOC ended up hosting a successful Olympic games with financial surpluses.

In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) had signed an agreement that would ensure that the staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games. The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee, chose to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, and hosted both the Olympics and the Paralympics.

See also
2002 Winter Olympic bid scandal

References

2002 Winter Paralympics
2002 Winter Olympics
Mitt Romney
Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
Organising Committees for the Paralympic Games
Sports in Salt Lake City


Charles is a boy's name of German origin.  There are many famous people named Charles:

 Charles Aznavour, Armenian-French singer
 Charles Babbage, English inventor
 Charles Barkley, American basketball player
 Charles Blanvillain, French rapper
 Charles Bronson, American actor
 Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence
 Charles Chaplin, American actor
 Charles Chesnutt, American author
 Charles Colson, American lawyer
 Charles Cornwallis, British general and politician
 Charles Court, Australian politician
 Charles Curtis, Vice-President of the United States
 Charles Darwin, who came up with the theory of evolution
 Charles G. Dawes, Nobel Laureate and Vice-President of the United States
 Charles Ellis, English physicist
 Charles de Gaulle, French general and President
 Charles Dickens, English author
 Charles Ebbets, owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers
 Charles Foster, Ohio Congressman
 Charles Gounod, French composer
 Charles Hendry, British MP
 Charles Higounet, French historian
 Charles Hoare, English computer scientist
 Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
 Charles Ives, American composer
 Charles Lindbergh, American pilot
 Charles Lummis, American author and historian
 Charles-Louis Montesquieu, French philosopher
 Charles Spurgeon, British preacher
 Charles de Tornaco, Belgian racecar driver
 Charles Doolittle Walcott, American paleontologist
 Charles Frederick Worth, fashion designer

Rulers and noblemen named Charles

 Charles I of England, King of England, 1625-49
 Charles II of England, King of England, 1660-85
 Charles IV of France, King of France, 1322-28
 Charles I of Spain, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, 1519-58
 Charles IV of Spains, King of Spain 1788-1808
 Charles, Duke of Berry, grandson of Louis XIV
 Charles, Duke of Guelders, Dutch nobleman
 Charles I of Austria , final monarch of AUSTROHUNGARIAN KINGDOM
 Charles Edward Stuart, a.k.a. Bonnie Prince Charlie, Jacobin pretender
 Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy from 1638 to 1675
 Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia 1730-1773
 Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia, King of Sardinia 1796-1802
 Charles Felix of Sardinia, King of Sardinia 1821-1831
 Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, British PM
 Charles, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne
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Charles


The newton (symbol: N) is the SI unit of force. It is named after Sir Isaac Newton because of his work on classical mechanics. A newton is how much force is required to make a mass of one kilogram accelerate at a rate of one metre per second squared.

 1 N is the force of Earth's gravity on a mass of about 102 g.
 On the Earth's surface, a mass of 1 kg pushes on its support with an average force of 9.8 N.
 1 Newton is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate an object (with a mass of one kilogram) at a rate of 1 meter per second, per second.
 The US Customary Unit of force is the pound (symbol: lbf). 1 pound is equal to 4.44822 newtons.

In 1946, Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) set the unit of force in the MKS system of units to be the amount needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 metre per second each second.  In 1948, the CGPM adopted the name "newton" for this force.  The MKS system then became the blueprint for today's SI International System of Units.  That made the newton the standard unit of force.

This SI unit is named after Isaac Newton. As with every International System of Units (SI) unit named for a person, the first letter of its symbol is upper case (N). However, when an SI unit is spelled out in English, it should always begin with a lower case letter (newton)—except in a situation where any word in that position would be capitalized, such as at the beginning of a sentence or in material using title case. Note that "degree Celsius" conforms to this rule because the "d" is lowercase.— Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.

Newton's second law of motion states that F = m•a, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object receiving the force, and a is the acceleration of the object. The newton is therefore:[2]

SI derived units
Units of force

Newton (unit)